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*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*









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<-- p. 535 -->



<centered><point26>F.</point26></centered>



<hw>F</hw> <pr>(<ecre/f)</pr><def>. <sn>1.</sn> F is the sixth

letter of the English alphabet, and a nonvocal consonant. Its

form and sound are from the Latin. The Latin borrowed the form

from the Greek digamma <?/, which probably had the value of

English <xex>w</xex> consonant. The form and value of Greek

letter came from the Ph\'d2nician, the ultimate source being

probably Egyptian. Etymologically <xex>f</xex>is most closely

related to <xex>p</xex>,<xex>k</xex>,<xex>v</xex>, and

<xex>b</xex>; as in E. <xex>f</xex>ive, Gr. <?/; E.

wol<xex>f</xex>, L. lu<xex>p</xex>us, Gr. <?/; E. <xex>f</xex>ox,

<xex>v</xex>ixen ; <xex>f</xex>ragile, <xex>b</xex>reak ;

<xex>f</xex>ruit, <xex>b</xex>rook, <pos>v. t.</pos>; E.

<xex>b</xex>ear, L. <xex>f</xex>erre. See <xex>Guide to

Pronunciation</xex>, <root/ 178, 179, 188, 198, 230.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The name of the fourth tone of

the model scale, or scale of C. F sharp (F <sharp/) is a tone

intermediate between F and G.</def>



<cs><col>F clef</col>, <cd>the bass clef. See under

<er>Clef</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syllable applied to the

fourth tone of the diatonic scale in solmization.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tone F.</def>



<hw>Fa*ba"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fabaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>faba</ets> bean.]</ety> <def>Having

the nature of a bean; like a bean.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fa*bel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fabellae</plw> <pr>(-l<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., dim. of L.

<ets>faba</ets> a bean.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the

small sesamoid bones situated behind the condyles of the femur,

in some mammals.</def>



<hw>Fa"bi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Fabianus</ets>, <ets>Fabius</ets>, belonging to

Fabius.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the manner of, the

Roman general, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus; cautious;

dilatory; avoiding a decisive contest.</def>



<cs><col>Fabian policy</col>, <cd>a policy like that of Fabius

Maximus, who, by carefully avoiding decisive contests, foiled

Hannibal, harassing his army by marches, countermarches, and

ambuscades; a policy of delays and cautions.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fa"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>fabula</ets>, fr. <ets>fari</ets> to speak, say. See

<er>Ban</er>, and cf. <er>Fabulous</er>, <er>Fame</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A Feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or

amuse; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful

truth or precept; an apologue. See the Note under

<er>Apologue</er>.</def>



<q>Jotham's <qex>fable</qex> of the trees is the oldest

extant.</q>

<qau>Addison</qau>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The plot, story, or connected series of events,

forming the subject of an epic or dramatic poem.</def>



<q>The moral is the first business of the poet; this being

formed, he contrives such a design or <qex>fable</qex> as may be

most suitable to the moral.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any story told to excite wonder; common talk;

the theme of talk.</def> \'bdOld wives' <xex>fables</xex>. \'b8



<au>1 Tim. iv. 7.</au>



<q>We grew

The <qex>fable</qex> of the city where we dwelt.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fiction; untruth; falsehood.</def>



<q>It would look like a <qex>fable</qex> to report that this

gentleman gives away a great fortune by secret methods.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Fa"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fabled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fabling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To compose

fables; hence, to write or speak fiction ; to write or utter what

is not true.</def> \'bdHe <xex>Fables</xex> not.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Vain now the tales which <qex>fabling</qex> poets tell.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<q>He <qex>fables</qex>, yet speaks truth.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<hw>Fa"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fiegn; to invent; to

devise, and speak of, as true or real; to tell of falsely.</def>



<q>The hell thou <qex>fablest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fa"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer of

fables; a fabulist; a dealer in untruths or falsehoods.</def>



<au>                       Br. Hall.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fa`bli`au"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fabliaux</plw> <?/</plu>. <ety>[F., fr.

OF.<ets>fablel</ets>, dim. of <ets>fable</ets> a fable.]</ety>

<fld>(Fr. Lit.)</fld> <def>One of the metrical tales of the

Trouv\'8ares, or early poets of the north of France.</def>



<hw>Fab"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fabrica</ets> fabric, workshop: cf. F. <ets>fabrique</ets>

fabric. See <er>Forge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The structure

of anything; the manner in which the parts of a thing are united;

workmanship; texture; make; as cloth of a beautiful

<xex>fabric</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is fabricated</def>; as :

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Framework; structure; edifice;

building</def>.</def>



<q>Anon out of the earth a <qex>fabric</qex> huge

Rose like an exhalation.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Cloth of any kind that is woven or knit from

fibers, either vegetable or animal; manufactured cloth; as, silks

or other <xex>fabrics</xex></def>.



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of constructing; construction.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Tithe was received by the bishop, . . . for the

<qex>fabric</qex>of the churches for the poor.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any system or structure consisting of connected

parts; as, the <xex>fabric</xex> of the universe</def>.</q>



<q>The whole vast <qex>fabric</qex> of society.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Fab"ric</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fabricked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fabricking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To frame; to

built; to construct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Fabric</xex> their mansions.\'b8



<au>J. Philips.</au>



<hw>Fab"ri*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>One who fabricates; a manufacturer.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Fab"ri*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fabricated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fabricating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fabricatus</ets>, p.p.

of <ets>fabricari</ets>, <ets>fabricare</ets>, to frame, build,

forge, fr. <ets>fabrica</ets>. See <er>Fabric</er>,

<er>Farge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form into a whole by

uniting its parts; to frame; to construct; to build; <as>as, to

<ex>fabricate</ex> a bridge or ship</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form by art and labor; to manufacture; to

produce; <as>as, to <ex>fabricate</ex> woolens</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely;

<as>as, to <ex>fabricate</ex> a lie or story</as>.</def>



<q>Our books were not <qex>fabricated</qex> with an accomodation

to prevailing usages.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<hw>Fab`ri*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fabricatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>fabrication</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of fabricating, framing, or

constructing; construction; manufacture; <as>as, the

<ex>fabrication</ex> of a bridge, a church, or a

government</as>.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is fabricated; a falsehood; <as>as,

the story is doubtless a <ex>fabrication</ex></as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Fiction</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fab"ri*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who fabricates; one who constructs or

makes.</def>



<q>The <qex>fabricator</qex> of the works of Ossian.</q>

<qau>Mason.</qau>



<hw>Fab"ri*ca`tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman

who fabricates.</def>



<hw>Fab"rile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fabrilis</ets>, fr. <ets>faber</ets> workman. See

<er>Forge</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a workman, or to work

in stone, metal, wood etc.; <as>as, <ex>fabrile</ex>

skill</as>.</def>



<hw>Fab"u*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fabuliste</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fabula</ets>. See

<er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <def>One who invents or writes

fables.</def>



<hw>Fab"u*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fabulized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fabulizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fabuliser</ets>. See

<er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <def>To invent, compose, or relate fables

or fictions.</def>



<au>G. S. Faber.</au>



<hw>Fab`u*los"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fabulositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fabulosit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fabulousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Abp. Abbot.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fabulous or fictitious story.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fab"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fabulosus</ets>; cf. F. <ets>fabuleux</ets>. See

<er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Feigned, as a story or

fable; related in fable; devised; invented; not real; fictitious;

<as>as, a <ex>fabulous</ex> description; a <ex>fabulous</ex>

hero.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>fabulous</qex> birth of Minerva.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Passing belief; exceedingly great; <as>as, a

<ex>fabulous</ex> price</as>.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<cs><col>Fabulous age</col>, <cd>that period in the history of a

nation of which the only accounts are myths and unverified

legends; as, the <xex>fabulous<xex> age of Greek and

Rome.</cd></cs>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fab"u*lous*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Fab"u*lous*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fab"ur*den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>foux bpirdon</ets>. See <er>False</er>, and <er>Burden</er>

a verse.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

species of counterpoint with a drone bass</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A succession of chords of the sixth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A monotonous refrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Fac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. of

<ets>facsimile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large ornamental letter used,

esp. by the early printers, at the commencement of the chapters

and other divisions of a book.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fa`\'87ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. It. <ets>facciata</ets>, fr. <ets>fassia</ets> face, L.

<ets>facies</ets>. See <er>Face</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>The front of a building; esp., the principal front, having

some architectural pretensions. Thus a church is said to have its

<xex>facade</xex> unfinished, though the interior may be in

use.</def>



<hw>Face</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from L.

<ets>facies</ets> form, shape, face, perh. from <ets>facere</ets>

to make (see <er>Fact</er>); or perh. orig. meaning

<ets>appearance</ets>, and from a root meaning <ets>to

shine</ets>, and akin to E. <ets>fancy</ets>. Cf.

<er>Facetious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The exterior form or

appearance of anything; that part which presents itself to the

view; especially, the front or upper part or surface; that which

particularly offers itself to the view of a spectator.</def>



<q>A mist . . . watered the whole <qex>face</qex> of the

ground.</q>

<qau>Gen. ii. 6.</qau>



<q>Lake Leman wooes me with its crystal <qex>face</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of a body, having several sides, which

may be seen from one point, or which is presented toward a

certain direction; one of the bounding planes of a solid; <as>as,

a cube has six <ex>faces</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The principal

dressed surface of a plate, disk, or pulley; the principal flat

surface of a part or object.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of

the acting surface of a cog in a cog wheel, which projects beyond

the pitch line.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The width of a pulley, or

the length of a cog from end to end; <as>as, a pulley or cog

wheel of ten inches <ex>face</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The upper

surface, or the character upon the surface, of a type, plate,

etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The style or cut of a type or font

of type.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Outside appearance; surface show; look; external

aspect, whether natural, assumed, or acquired.</def>



<q>To set a <qex>face</qex> upon their own malignant design.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>This would produce a new <qex>face</qex> of things in

Europe.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>We wear a <qex>face</qex> of joy, because

We have been glad of yore.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>That part of the head, esp. of man, in which the

eyes, cheeks, nose, and mouth are situated; visage;

countenance.</def>



<q>In the sweat of thy <qex>face</qex> shalt thou eat bread.</q>

<qau>Gen. iii. 19.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Cast of features; expression of countenance;

look; air; appearance.</def>



<q>We set the best <qex>face</qex>on it we could.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Ten degrees in extent of a

sign of the zodiac.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Maintenance of the countenance free from

abashment or confusion; confidence; boldness; shamelessness;

effrontery.</def>



<q>This is the man that has the <qex>face</qex> to charge others

with false citations.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Presence; sight; front; as in the phrases,

<xex>before the face of</xex>, in the immediate presence of;

<xex>in the face of</xex>, before, in, or against the front of;

as, to fly <ex>in the face of</ex> danger; <xex>to the face

of</xex>, directly to; <xex>from the face of</xex>, from the

presenceof.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Mode of regard, whether favorable or

unfavorable; favor or anger; mostly in Scriptural phrases.</def>



<q>The Lord make his <qex>face</qex> to shine upon thee.</q>

<qau>Num. vi. 25.</qau>



<q>My <qex>face</qex> [favor] will I turn also from them.</q>

<qau>Ezek. vii. 22.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The end or wall of the

tunnel, drift, or excavation, at which work is progressing or was

last done.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The exact amount expressed on

a bill, note, bond, or other mercantile paper, without any

addition for interest or reduction for discount.</def><-- = face

value -->



<au>McElrath.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Face</xex> is used either adjectively or as

part of a compound; as, <xex>face</xex> guard or

<xex>face</xex>-guard; <xex>face</xex> cloth; <xex>face</xex>

plan or <xex>face</xex>-plan; <xex>face</xex> hammer.</note>



<cs><col>Face ague</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a form of

neuralgia, characterized by acute lancinating pains returning at

intervals, and by twinges in certain parts of the face, producing

convulsive twitches in the corresponding muscles; -- called also

<altname>tic douloureux</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Face card</col>,

<cd>one of a pack of playing cards on which a human face is

represented; the king, queen, or jack.</cd> -- <col>Face

cloth</col>, <cd>a cloth laid over the face of a corpse.</cd> --

<col>Face guard</col>, <cd>a mask with windows for the eyes, worn

by workman exposed to great heat, or to flying particles of

metal, stone, etc., as in glass works, foundries, etc.</cd> --

<col>Face hammer</col>, <cd>a hammer having a flat face.</cd> --

<col>Face joint</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a joint in the face

of a wall or other structure.</cd> -- <col>Face mite</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94ll.)</fld>, <cd>a small, elongated mite (<spn>Demdex

folliculorum</spn>), parasitic in the hair follicles of the

face.</cd> -- <col>Face mold</col>, <cd>the templet or pattern by

which carpenters, ect., outline the forms which are to be cut out

from boards, sheet metal, ect.</cd> -- <col>Face plate</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Turning)</fld> <cd>A plate attached to the

spindle of a lathe, to which the work to be turned may be

attached.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A covering plate for an object,

to receive wear or shock.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A true plane for

testing a dressed surface. <au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Face

wheel</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A crown

wheel.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A Wheel whose disk face is adapted

for grinding and polishing; a lap.</cd></cs><-- face value =

face, 13.  Also used metaphorically, = apparent value: "Take at

its face value" -->



<cs>   <col>Cylinder face</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>,

<cd>the flat part of a steam cylinder on which a slide valve

moves.</cd> -- <col>Face of an anvil</col>, <cd>its flat upper

surface.</cd> -- <col>Face of a bastion</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>,

<cd>the part between the salient and the shoulder angle.</cd> --

<col>Face of coal</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the principal

cleavage plane, at right angles to the stratification. -- <col>

Face of a gun</col>, <cd>the surface of metal at the muzzle.</cd>

-- <col>Face of a place</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, the front

comprehended between the flanked angles of two neighboring

bastions. <au>Wilhelm</au>.</cd> -- <col>Face of a square</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one of the sides of a battalion when

formed in a square.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Face of a</col>

<col>watch, clock, compass, card etc.</col></mcol>, <cd>the dial

or graduated surface on which a pointer indicates the time of

day, point of the compass, etc.</cd> -- <col>Face to face</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In the presence of each other; as, to bring the

accuser and the accused <xex>face to face<xex>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>Without the interposition of any body or substance. \'bdNow

we see through a glass darkly; but then <xex>face to

face<xex>.\'b8 1 <au>Cor. xiii. 12</au>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>With the faces or finished surfaces turned inward or toward

one another; <xex>vis \'85 vis<xex>; -- opposed to <contr>back to

back</contr>.</cd> -- <col>To fly in the face of</col>, <cd>to

defy; to brave; to withstand.</cd> -- <col>To make a face</col>,

<cd>to distort the countenance; to make a grimace.</cd>

<au>Shak.</au></cs>



<hw>Face</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Faced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Facing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To meet in front; to

oppose with firmness; to resist, or to meet for the purpose of

stopping or opposing; to confront; to encounter; <as>as, to

<ex>face</ex> an enemy in the field of battale</as>.</def>



<q>I'll <qex>face</qex>

This tempest, and deserve the name of king.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To Confront impudently; to bully.</def>



<q>I will neither be <qex>faced</qex>nor braved.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To stand opposite to; to stand with the face or

front toward; to front upon; <as>as, the apartments of the

general <ex>faced</ex> the park</as>.</def>



<q>He gained also with his forces that part of Britain which

<qex>faces</qex> Ireland.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cover in front, for ornament, protection,

etc.; to put a facing upon; <as>as, a building <ex>faced</ex>

with marble</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To line near the edge, esp. with a different

material; <as>as, to <ex>face</ex> the front of a coat, or the

bottom of a dress</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To cover with better, or better appearing,

material than the mass consists of, for purpose of deception, as

the surface of a box of tea, a barrel of sugar, etc.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To make the surface of

(anything) flat or smooth; to dress the face of (a stone, a

casting, etc.); esp., in turning, to shape or smooth the flat

surface of, as distinguished from the cylindrical surface.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To cause to turn or present a face or front, as

in a particular direction.</def>



<cs><col>To face down</col>, <cd>to put down by bold or impudent

opposition.</cd> \'bdHe <xex>faced<xex> men <xex>down<xex>.\'b8

<au>Prior</au>. -- <col>To face (a thing) out</col>, <cd>to

persist boldly or impudently in an assertion or in a line of

conduct. \'bdThat thinks with oaths <xex>to face<xex> the matter

<xex>out<xex>.\'b8</cd>  <au>Shak</au></cs>



<hw>Face</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To carry a false

appearance; to play the hypocrite.</def> \'bdTo lie, to

<xex>face</xex>, to forge.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To turn the face; <as>as, to <ex>face</ex> to

the right or left</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Face</qex> about, man; a soldier, and afraid!</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To present a face or front.</def>



<hw>Faced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having (such) a

face, or (so many) faces; <as>as, smooth-<ex>faced</ex>,

two-<ex>faced</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Fa"ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who faces; one who puts on a false show; a bold-faced

person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There be no greater talkers, nor boasters, nor

<qex>fasers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blow in the face, as in boxing; hence, any

severe or stunning check or defeat, as in controversy.</def>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<q>I should have been a stercoraceous mendicant if I had hollowed

when I got a <qex>facer</qex>.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<-- p. 536 -->



<hw>Fac"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>facette</ets>, dim. of <ets>face</ets> face. See

<er>Face</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A little face; a small,

plane surface; <as>as, the <ex>facets</ex> of a

diamond</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>facette</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A smooth circumscribed

surface; <as>as, the articular <ex>facet</ex> of a

bone</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The narrow plane surface

between flutings of a column.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the numerous small

eyes which make up the compound eyes of insects and

crustaceans.</def>



<hw>Fac"et</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Faceted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Faceting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut facets or small faces

upon; <as>as, to <ex>facet</ex> a diamond</as>.</def>



<hw>Fa*cete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>facetus</ets> elegant, fine, facetious; akin to

<ets>facies</ets>. See <er>Face</er>, and cf.

<er>Facetious</er>.]</ety> <def>Facetious; witty; humorous.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>  \'bdA <xex>facete</xex> discourse.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<q>\'bdHow to interpose\'b8 with a small, smart remark, sentiment

<qex>facete</qex>, or unctuous anecdote.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fa*cete"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fa*cete"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fac"et*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

facets.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fa*ce"ti*\'91</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. <ets>facetus</ets>. See <er>Facete</er>.]</ety>

<def>Witty or humorous writings or saying; witticisms; merry

conceits.</def>



<hw>Fa*ce"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fac\'82tieux</ets>. See <er>Faceti\'91</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Given to wit and good humor; merry; sportive;

jocular; <as>as, a <ex>facetious</ex> companion</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by wit and pleasantry; exciting

laughter; <as>as, a <ex>facetious</ex> story or reply</as>.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fa*ce"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fa*ce"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fa*cette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Facet</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Face"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The material

of the outside or front side, as of a wall or building;

facing.</def>



<hw>Fa"ci*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Fascia</er>.</def>



<hw>Fa"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>facialis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>facies</ets> face : cf. F.

<ets>facial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the face;

<as>as, the <ex>facial</ex> artery, vein, or nerve</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fa"cial*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Facial angle</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the angle, in

a skull, included between a straight line (<it>ab<it>, in the

illustrations), from the most prominent part of the forehead to

the front efge of the upper jaw bone, and another (<it>cd<it>)

from this point to the center of the external auditory opening.

See <cref>Gnathic index</cref>, under <er>Gnathic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fa"ci*end</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From neut.

of L. <ets>faciendus</ets>, gerundive of <ets>facere</ets> to

do.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The multiplicand. See

<er>Facient</er>, <sn>2</sn>.</def>



<hw>Fa"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>faciens</ets>, -- <ets>entis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>facere</ets> to make, do. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who does anything, good or bad; a doer; an

agent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Br. Hacket.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the

variables of a quantic as distinguished from a coefficient.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The multiplier.</def>



<note><hand/ The terms <xex>facient</xex>, <xex>faciend</xex>,

and <xex>factum</xex>, may imply that the multiplication involved

is not ordinary multiplication, but is either some specified

operation, or, in general, any mathematical operation. See

<er>Multiplication</er>.</note>



<hw>\'d8Fa"ci*es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from,

face. See <er>Face</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The anterior part of the head; the face.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The general aspect or habit

of a species, or group of species, esp. with reference to its

adaptation to its environment.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The face of a bird, or the

front of the head, excluding the bill.</def>



<cs><col>Facies Hippocratica</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Hippocratic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fac"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>facilis</ets>, prop., capable of being done or made, hence,

facile, easy, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to make, do: cf. F.

<ets>facile</ets>. Srr <er>Fact</er>, and cf.

<er>Faculty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Easy to be done or

performed: not difficult; performable or attainable with little

labor.</def>



<q>Order . . . will render the work <qex>facile</qex> and

delightful.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily

conquerable; readily mastered.</def>



<q>The <qex>facile</qex> gates of hell too slightly barred.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Easy of access or converse; mild; courteous; not

haughty, austere, or distant; affable; complaisant.</def>



<q>I meant she should be courteous, <qex>facile</qex>, sweet.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Easily persuaded to good or bad; yielding;

ductile to a fault; pliant; flexible.</def>



<q>Since Adam, and his <qex>facile</qex> consort Eve,

Lost Paradise, deceived by me.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>This is treating Burns like a child, a person of so

<qex>facile</qex> a disposition as not to be trusted without a

keeper on the king's highway.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Ready; quick; expert; <as>as, he is

<ex>facile</ex> in expedients; he wields a <ex>facile</ex>

pen.</as></def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fac"ile-ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fac"ile*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fa*cil"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Facilitated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Facilitating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>faciliter</ets>. See

<er>Facility</er>.]</ety> <def>To make easy or less difficult; to

free from difficulty or impediment; to lessen the labor of;

<as>as, to <ex>facilitate</ex> the execution of a

task</as>.</def>



<q>To invite and <qex>facilitate</qex> that line of proceeding

which the times call for.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Fa*cil`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of facilitating or making easy.</def>



<hw>Fa*cil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Facilities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>facilitas</ets>, fr. <ets>facilis</ets> easy: cf. F.

<ets>facilit</ets><?/. See <er>Facile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The quality of being easily performed; freedom from

difficulty; ease; <as>as, the <ex>facility</ex> of an

operation</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>facility</qex> with which government has been

overturned in France.</q>

<qau>Burke</qau>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ease in performance; readiness proceeding from

skill or use; dexterity; <as>as, practice gives a wonderful

<ex>facility</ex> in executing works of art</as></def>.



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Easiness to be persuaded; readiness or

compliance; -- usually in a bad sense; pliancy.</def>



<q>It is a great error to take <qex>facility</qex> for good

nature.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Easiness of access; complaisance;

affability.</def>



<q>Offers himself to the visits of a friend with

<qex>facility</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which promotes the ease of any action or

course of conduct; advantage; aid; assistance; -- usually in the

plural; <as>as, special <ex>facilities</ex> for study</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Ease; expertness; readiness; dexterity;

complaisance; condescension; affability.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Facility</er>, <er>Expertness</er>, <er>Readiness</er>. These

words have in common the idea of performing any act with ease and

promptitude. <xex>Facility</xex> supposes a natural or acquired

power of dispatching a task with lightness and ease.

<xex>Expertness</xex> is the kind of facility acquired by long

practice. <xex>Readiness</xex> marks the promptitude with which

anything is done. A merchant needs great <xex>facility</xex> in

dispatching business; a bunker, great <xex>expertness</xex> in

casting accounts; both need great <xex>readiness</xex> in passing

from one employment to another. \'bdThe <xex>facility</xex> which

we get of doing things by a custom of doing, makes them often

pass in us without our notice.\'b8  <au>Locke</au>. \'bdThe army

was celebrated for the <xex>expertness</xex> and valor of the

soldiers.\'b8 \'bdA <xex>readiness</xex> obey the known will of

God is the surest means to enlighten the mind in respect to

duty.\'b8</usage>



<hw>Fa"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

covering in front, for ornament or other purpose; an exterior

covering or sheathing; <as>as, the <ex>facing</ex> of an earthen

slope, sea wall, etc.</as> , to strengthen it or to protect or

adorn the exposed surface.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lining placed near the edge of a garment for

ornament or protection.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The finishing of any face of

a wall with material different from that of which it is chiefly

composed, or the coating or material so used.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A powdered substance, as

charcoal, bituminous coal, ect., applied to the face of a mold,

or mixed with the sand that forms it, to give a fine smooth

surface to the casting.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf>

<def>The collar and cuffs of a military coat; -- commonly of a

color different from that of the coat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The movement of soldiers by turning on their heels to the

right, left, or about; -- chiefly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>



<cs><col>Facing brick</col>, <cd>front or pressed

brick.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fa"cing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a facing manner or

position.</def>



<hw>Fa*cin"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>facinorous</ets>, from <ets>facinus</ets> deed, bad deed,

from <ets>facere</ets> to make, do.]</ety> <def>Atrociously

wicked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fa*cin"o*rous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Fac"ound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>faconde</ets>, L. <ets>facundia</ets>. See

<er>Facund</er>.]</ety> <def>Speech; eloquence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Her <qex>facound</qex> eke full womanly and plain.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Fac*sim"i*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Facsimiles</plw> <pr>(-l<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>fac

simile</ets> make like; or an abbreviation of <ets>factum

simile</ets> made like; <ets>facere</ets> to make +

<ets>similes</ets> like. See <er>Fact</er>, and

<er>Simile</er>.]</ety> <def>A copy of anything made, either so

as to be deceptive or so as to give every part and detail of the

original; an exact copy or likeness.</def>



<cs><col>Facsimile telegraph</col>, <cd>a telegraphic apparatus

reproducing messages in autograph.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fac*sim"i*le</hw><def>, (<?/), v. t. To make a facsimile

of.</def>



<hw>Fact</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>factum</ets>, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to make or do. Cf.

<er>Feat</er>, <er>Affair</er>, <er>Benefit</er>,

<er>Defect</er>, <er>Fashion</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A doing, making, or preparing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A project for the <qex>fact</qex> and vending

Of a new kind of fucus, paint for ladies.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An effect produced or achieved; anything done or

that comes to pass; an act; an event; a circumstance.</def>



<q>What might instigate him to this devilish <qex>fact</qex>, I

am not able to conjecture.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<q>He who most excels in <qex>fact</qex> of arms.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Reality; actuality; truth; <as>as, he, in

<ex>fact</ex>, excelled all the rest; the <ex>fact</ex> is, he

was beaten.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The assertion or statement of a thing done or

existing; sometimes, even when false, improperly put, by a

transfer of meaning, for the thing done, or supposed to be done;

a thing supposed or asserted to be done; <as>as, history abounds

with false <ex>facts</ex></as>.</def>



<q>I do not grant the <qex>fact</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Foe.</qau>



<q>This reasoning is founded upon a <qex>fact</qex> which is not

true.</q>

<qau>Roger Long.</qau>



<note><hand/ TheTerm <xex>fact</xex> has in jurisprudence

peculiar uses in contrast with <xex>low</xex>; as, attorney at

<xex>low</xex>, and attorney in <xex>fact</xex>; issue in

<xex>low</xex>, and issue in <xex>fact</xex>. There is also a

grand distinction between <xex>low</xex> and <xex>fact</xex> with

reference to the province of the judge and that of the jury, the

latter generally determining the <xex>fact</xex>, the former the

<xex>low</xex>.</note>



<au>Burrill Bouvier.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Accessary before</col>, <or/ <col>after</col>,

<col>the fact</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Accessary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Matter of fact</col>, <cd>an

actual occurrence; a verity; used adjectively: of or pertaining

to facts; prosaic; unimaginative; as, a <xex>matter-of-fact<xex>

narration.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Act; deed; performance; event; incident; occurrence;

circumstance.</syn>



<hw>Fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>factio</ets> a doing, a company of persons acting together,

a faction: cf. F. <ets>faction</ets> See <er>Fashion</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions or

parties of charioteers (distinguished by their colors) in the

games of the circus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A party, in political society, combined or

acting in union, in opposition to the government, or state; --

usually applied to a minority, but it may be applied to a

majority; a combination or clique of partisans of any kind,

acting for their own interests, especially if greedy, clamorous,

and reckless of the common good.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Tumult; discord; dissension.</def>



<q>They remained at Newbury in great <qex>faction</qex> among

themselves.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Combination; clique; junto. See

<er>Cabal</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fac"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>factionnaire</ets>, L. <ets>factionarius</ets> the head of a

company of charioteers.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a faction; being

a partisan; taking sides.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Always <qex>factionary</qex> on the party of your general.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fac"tion*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a

faction.</def>



<au>Abp. Bancroft.</au>



<hw>Fac"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who promotes

faction.</def>



<hw>Fac"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>factiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>factieux</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Given to faction; addicted to form parties and

raise dissensions, in opposition to government or the common

good; turbulent; seditious; prone to clamor against public

measures or men; -- said of persons.</def>



<q><qex>Factious</qex> for the house of Lancaster.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to faction; proceeding from faction;

indicating, or characterized by, faction; -- said of acts or

expressions; <as>as, <ex>factious</ex> quarrels</as>.</def>



<q>Headlong zeal or <qex>factious</qex> fury.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fac"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fac"tious-ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fac*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>factitius</ets>, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to make. See

<er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Fetich</er>.]</ety> <def>Made by art,

in distinction from what is produced by nature; artificial; sham;

formed by, or adapted to, an artificial or conventional, in

distinction from a natural, standard or rule; not natural;

<as>as, <ex>factitious</ex> cinnabar or jewels; a

<ex>factitious</ex> taste.</as></def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fac-ti"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fac*ti"tious-ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>He acquires a <qex>factitious</qex> propensity, he forms an

incorrigible habit, of desultory reading.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Unnatural.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Factitious</er>,

<er>Unnatural</er>. Anything is <xex>unnatural</xex> when it

departs in any way from its simple or normal state; it is

<xex>factitious</xex> when it is wrought out or wrought up by

labor and effort, as, a <xex>factitious</xex> excitement. An

<xex>unnatural</xex> demand for any article of merchandise is one

which exceeds the ordinary rate of consumption; a factitious

demand is one created by active exertions for the purpose. An

<xex>unnatural</xex> alarm is one greater than the occasion

requires; a <xex>factitious</xex> alarm is one wrought up with

care and effort.</usage>



<hw>Fac"ti*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Causing; causative.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to that relation

which is proper when the act, as of a transitive verb, is not

merely received by an object, but produces some change in the

object, as when we say, He made the water wine.</def>



<q>Sometimes the idea of activity in a verb or adjective involves

in it a reference to an effect, in the way of causality, in the

active voice on the immediate objects, and in the passive voice

on the subject of such activity.  This second object is called

the <qex>factitive</qex> object.</q>

<qau>J. W. Gibbs.</qau>



<hw>Fac"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making; having

power to make.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdYou are . . .

<xex>factive</xex>, not destructive.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fac"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L.,

ablative of <ets>factum</ets> deed, fact.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>In fact; by the act or fact.</def>



<cs><col>De facto</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <er>De

facto</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fac"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>factor</ets> a doer: cf. F. <ets>facteur</ets> a factor. See

<er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who

transacts business for another; an agent; a substitute;

especially, a mercantile agent who buys and sells goods and

transacts business for others in commission; a commission

merchant or consignee. He may be a home factor or a foreign

factor. He may buy and sell in his own name, and he is intrusted

with the possession and control of the goods; and in these

respects he differs from a broker.</def>



<au>Story.</au>  <au>Wharton.</au>



<q>My <qex>factor</qex> sends me word, a merchant's fled

That owes me for a hundred tun of wine.</q>

<qau>Marlowe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A steward or bailiff of an estate.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>One of the elements or

quantities which, when multiplied together, from a product.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of the elements, circumstances, or

influences which contribute to produce a result; a

constituent.</def>



<q>The materal and dynamical <qex>factors</qex> of nutrition.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<hw>Fac"tor</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Factored</er> <pr>(-t?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Factoring</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>

<def>To resolve (a quantity) into its factors.</def>



<hw>Fac"tor*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>factorage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The allowance given to a

factor, as a compensation for his services; -- called also a

<altname>commission</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fac"tor*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A factor

who is a woman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fac*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to a factory.</def>



<au>Buchanan.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Related to factorials.</def>



<hw>Fac*to"ri*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A name given to the factors of

a continued product when the former are derivable from one and

the same function F(x) by successively imparting a constant

increment or decrement <xex>h</xex> to the independent variable.

Thus the product <mathex>F(x).F(x + h).F(x + 2h) . . . F[x +

(n-1)h]</mathex> is called a <xex>factorial term</xex>, and its

several factors take the name of <xex>factorials</xex>.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The product of the consecutive numbers from

unity up to any given number</def>.



<hw>Fac"tor*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The act of resolving into factors.</def>



<hw>Fac"tor*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Factorized</er>

<pr>(-?zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Factorizing</er>

<pr>(-?"z?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>To give warning to; -- said of a person in whose hands the

effects of another are attached, the warning being to the effect

that he shall not pay the money or deliver the property of the

defendant in his hands to him, but appear and answer the suit of

the plaintiff</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To attach (the effects of

a debtor) in the hands of a third person ; to garnish. See

<er>Garnish</er>.</def> <mark>[Vt. & Conn.]</mark>



<hw>Fac"tor*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business of a

factor.</def>



<hw>Fac"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Factories</plw> <pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>factorerie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A house or place

where factors, or commercial agents, reside, to transact business

for their employers.</def> \'bdThe Company's <xex>factory</xex>

at Madras.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The body of factors in any place; <as>as, a

chaplain to a British <ex>factory</ex></as>.</def>



<au>W. Guthrie.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A building, or collection of buildings,

appropriated to the manufacture of goods; the place where workmen

are employed in fabricating goods, wares, or utensils; a

manufactory; <as>as, a cotton <ex>factory</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Factory leg</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of

bandy leg, associated with partial dislocation of the tibia,

produced in young children by working in factories.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fac*to"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Factotums</plw> <pr>(-t<?/mz)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., do

everything; <ets>facere</ets> to do + <ets>totus</ets> all : cf.

F. <ets>factotum</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>, and

<er>Total</er>.]</ety> <def>A person employed to do all kinds of

work or business.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Fac"tu*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to,

or containing, facts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<-- p. 537 -->



<hw>\'d8Fac"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Facta</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See

<er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A man's

own act and deed</def>; particularly: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Civil

Law)</fld> <def>Anything stated and made certain</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Testamentary Law)</fld> <def>The due execution

of a will, including everything necessary to its validity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The product. See

<er>Facient</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Fac"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>facture</ets> a making, invoice, L. <ets>factura</ets> a

making. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

manner of making or doing anything; -- now used of a literary,

musical, or pictorial production.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An invoice or bill of

parcels.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fac"u*l\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., pl. <ets>of facula</ets> a little torch.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Groups of small shining spots on the

surface of the sun which are brighter than the other parts of the

photosphere. They are generally seen in the neighborhood of the

dark spots, and are supposed to be elevated portions of the

photosphere.</def>



<au>Newcomb.</au>



<hw>Fac"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

facul\'91.</def>



<au>R. A. Proctor.</au>



<hw>Fac"ul*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Faculties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>facult<?/</ets>, L. <ets>facultas</ets>, fr.

<ets>facilis</ets> easy (cf. <ets>facul</ets> easily), fr.

<ets>fecere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>, and cf.

<er>Facility</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ability to act or

perform, whether inborn or cultivated; capacity for any natural

function; especially, an original mental power or capacity for

any of the well-known classes of mental activity; psychical or

soul capacity; capacity for any of the leading kinds of soul

activity, as knowledge, feeling, volition; intellectual endowment

or gift; power; <as>as, <ex>faculties</ex> of the mind or the

soul</as>.</def>



<q>But know that in the soul

Are many lesser <qex>faculties</qex> that serve

Reason as chief.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>What a piece of work is a man ! how noble in reason ! how

infinite in <qex>faculty</qex> !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Special mental endowment; characteristic

knack.</def>



<q>He had a ready <qex>faculty</qex>, indeed, of escaping from

any topic that agitated his too sensitive and nervous

temperament.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Power; prerogative or attribute of office.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>This Duncan

Hath borne his <qex>faculties</qex> so meek.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Privilege or permission, granted by favor or

indulgence, to do a particular thing; authority; license;

dispensation.</def>



<q>The pope . . . granted him a <qex>faculty</qex> to set him

free from his promise.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>It had not only <qex>faculty</qex> to inspect all bishops'

dioceses, but to change what laws and statutes they should think

fit to alter among the colleges.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A body of a men to whom any specific right or

privilege is granted; formerly, the graduates in any of the four

departments of a university or college (Philosophy, Law,

Medicine, or Theology), to whom was granted the right of teaching

(<xex>profitendi</xex> or <xex>docendi</xex>) in the department

in which they had studied; at present, the members of a

profession itself; <as>as, the medical <ex>faculty</ex>; the

legal <ex>faculty</ex>, ect.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Amer. Colleges)</fld> <def>The body of person

to whom are intrusted the government and instruction of a college

or university, or of one of its departments; the president,

professors, and tutors in a college.</def>



<cs><col>Dean of faculty</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dean</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Faculty of advocates</col>. <fld>(Scot.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Advocate</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Talent; gift; endowment; dexterity; expertness;

cleverness; readiness; ability; knack.</syn>



<hw>Fac"und</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>facundus</ets>, fr. <ets>fari</ets> to speak.]</ety>

<def>Eloquent.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Fa*cun"di*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>facundiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eloquement; full of

words.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Fa*cun"di*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>facunditas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eloquence; readiness of

speech.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Fad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Faddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A hobby ; freak; whim.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fad"dist</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>It is your favorite <qex>fad</qex> to draw plans.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<hw>Fad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Fiddle</er>, <er>Fiddle-faddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To trifle;

to toy.</def> -- <def2><pos>v. t. </pos> <def>To fondle; to

dandle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></def2>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Fade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., prob. fr. L.

<ets>vapidus</ets> vapid, or possibly fr,<ets>fatuus</ets>

foolish, insipid.]</ety> <def>Weak; insipid; tasteless;

commonplace.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdPassages that are

somewhat <xex>fade</xex>.\'b8



<au>Jeffrey.</au>



<q>His masculine taste gave him a sense of something

<qex>fade</qex> and ludicrous.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Fade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Faded</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Fading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>faden</ets>, <ets>vaden</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>fade</ets>,

<pos>a.</pos>; cf. Prov. D. <ets>vadden</ets> to fade, wither,

<ets>vaddigh languid</ets>, <ets>torpid</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>.

<er>Fade</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Vade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To become fade; to grow weak; to lose strength; to decay; to

perish gradually; to wither, as a plant.</def>



<q>The earth mourneth and <qex>fadeth</qex> away.</q>

<qau>Is. xxiv. 4.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to

become faint in hue or tint; hence, to be wanting in color.</def>

\'bdFlowers that never <xex>fade</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sink away; to disappear gradually; to grow

dim; to vanish.</def>



<q>The stars shall <qex>fade</qex> away.</q>

<qau>Addison</qau>



<q>He makes a swanlike end,

<qex>Fading</qex> in music.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fade</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to wither; to

deprive of freshness or vigor; to wear away.</def>



<q>No winter could his laurels <qex>fade</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fad"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That has lost

freshness, color, or brightness; grown dim.</def> \'bdHis

<xex>faded</xex> cheek.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Where the <qex>faded</qex> moon

Made a dim silver twilight.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<hw>Fad"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a faded manner.</def>



<q>A dull room <qex>fadedly</qex> furnished.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Fade"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not liable to fade;

unfading.</def>



<hw>Fa"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Father.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fadge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>faden</ets> to flatter, and AS. <ets>f<?/gan</ets> to join,

unit, G. <ets>f\'81gen</ets>, or AS. <ets>\'bef\'91gian</ets> to

depict; all perh. form the same root as E. <ets>fair</ets>. Cf.

<er>Fair</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Fay</er> to fit.]</ety> <def>To

fit; to suit; to agree.</def>



<q>They shall be made, spite of antipathy, to <qex>fadge</qex>

together.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Well, Sir, how <qex>fadges</qex> the new design ?</q>

<qau>Wycherley.</qau>



<hw>Fadge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A small flat loaf or thick cake; also, a

fagot.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Fad"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Losing

freshness, color, brightness, or vigor.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Loss of color, freshness, or

vigor.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Fad"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Fad"ing*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fad"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An Irish dance; also, the

burden of a song.</def> \'bd<xex>Fading</xex> is a fine jig.\'b8

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Fad"me</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fathom.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fad"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Faded.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shenstone.</au>



<hw>F\'91"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fecal</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8F\'91"ces</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>faex</ets>, pl. <ets>faeces</ets>, dregs.]</ety>

<def>Excrement; ordure; also, settlings; sediment after infusion

or distillation.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>feces</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8F\'91c"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Fecula</er>.</def>



<hw>Fa"\'89r*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos>

<def>Fairy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Faf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Famble</er>, <er>Maffle</er>.]</ety> <def>To stammer.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Fag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A knot or coarse

part in cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fag</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fagged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fagging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG.

<ets>fakk</ets> wearied, weary, <ets>vaak</ets> slumber,

drowsiness, OFries. <ets>fai</ets>, equiv. to <ets>f\'bech</ets>

devoted to death, OS. <ets>f<?/gi</ets>, OHG. <ets>feigi</ets>,

G. <ets>feig</ets>, <ets>feige</ets>, cowardly, Icel.

<ets>feigr</ets> fated to die, AS. <ets>f<?/ge</ets>, Scot.

<ets>faik</ets>, to fail, stop, lower the price; or perh. the

same word as E. <ets>flag</ets> to droop.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To become weary; to tire.</def>



<q>Creighton withheld his force till the Italian began to

<qex>fag</qex>.</q>

<qau>G. Mackenzie.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To labor to wearness; to work hard; to

drudge.</def>



<q>Read, <qex>fag</qex>, and subdue this chapter.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To act as a fag, or perform menial services or

drudgery, for another, as in some English schools.</def>



<cs><col>To fag out</col>, <cd>to become untwisted or frayed, as

the end of a rope, or the edge of canvas.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To tire by labor;

to exhaust; <as>as, he was almost <ex>fagged</ex> out</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that fatigues.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>It is such a <qex>fag</qex>, I came back tired to death.</q>

<qau>Miss Austen.</qau>



<cs><col>Brain fag</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Cerebropathy</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fag"*end"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An end of poorer quality, or in a spoiled condition, as the

coarser end of a web of cloth, the untwisted end of a rope,

ect.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The refuse or meaner part of anything.</def>



<q>The <qex>fag-end</qex> of business.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<hw>Fag"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Laborious

drudgery; esp., the acting as a drudge for another at an English

school.</def>



<hw>Fag"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., prob. aug.

of L. <ets>fax</ets>, <ets>facis</ets>, torch, perh. orig., a

bundle of sticks; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bundle, fagot.

Cf. <er>Fagotto</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bundle of sticks,

twigs, or small branches of trees, used for fuel, for raising

batteries, filling ditches, or other purposes in fortification; a

fascine.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked

over into bars or other shapes by rolling or hammering at a

welding heat; a pile.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A bassoon. See

<er>Fagotto</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A person hired to take the place of another at

the muster of a company.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An old shriveled woman.</def> <mark>[Slang,

Eng.]</mark>



<cs><col>Fagot iron</col>, <cd>iron, in bars or masses,

manufactured from fagots.</cd> -- <col>Fagot vote</col>, <cd>the

vote of a person who has been constituted a voter by being made a

landholder, for party purposes. <mark>[Political cant,

Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fag"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fagoted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Fagoting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a

fagot of; to bind together in a fagot or bundle; also, to collect

promiscuously.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fa*got"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See

<er>Fagot</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The bassoon; -- so

called from being divided into parts for ease of carriage,

making, as it were, a small fagot.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fa"ham</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The leaves

of an orchid (<spn>Angraecum fragrans</spn>), of the islands of

Bourbon and Mauritius, used (in France) as a substitute for

Chinese tea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fahl"band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., fr.

<ets>fahl</ets> dun-colored + <ets>band</ets> a band.]</ety>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A stratum in crystalline rock,

containing metallic sulphides.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fahl"erz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fahl"band</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G. <ets>fahlerz</ets>;

<ets>fahl</ets> dun-colored, fallow + <ets>erz</ets> ore.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Tetrahedrite</er>.</def>



<hw>Fah"lun*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Falhun</ets>, a place in Sweden.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A hydration of iolite.</def>



<hw>Fah"ren*heit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety>

<def>Conforming to the scale used by Gabriel Daniel

<xex>Fahrenheit</xex> in the graduation of his thermometer; of or

relating to Fahrenheit's thermometric scale.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The Fahrenheit termometer or

scale.</def></def2>



<note><hand/ The <xex>Fahrenheit thermometer</xex> is so

graduated that the freezing point of water is at 32 degrees above

the zero of its scale, and the boiling point at 212 degrees

above. It is commonly used in the United States and in

England.</note>



<hw>\'d8Fa`\'8b*ence"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>Faenza</ets>, a town in Italy, the original place of

manufacture.]</ety> <def>Glazed earthenware; esp., that which is

decorated in color.</def>



<hw>Fail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Failed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Failing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>failir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fallere</ets>, <ets>falsum</ets>,

to deceive, akin to E. <ets>fall</ets>. See <er>Fail</er>, and

cf. <er>Fallacy</er>, <er>False</er>, <er>Fault</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To be wanting; to fall short; to be or become

deficient in any measure or degree up to total absence; to cease

to be furnished in the usual or expected manner, or to be

altogether cut off from supply; to be lacking; <as>as, streams

<ex>fail</ex>; crops <ex>fail</ex>.</as></def>



<q>As the waters <qex>fail</qex> from the sea.</q>

<qau>Job xiv. 11.</qau>



<q>Till Lionel's issue <qex>fails</qex>, his should not

reign.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be affected with want; to come short; to

lack; to be deficient or unprovided; -- used with

<xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>If ever they <qex>fail</qex> of beauty, this failure is not be

attributed to their size.</q>

<qau>Berke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fall away; to become diminished; to decline;

to decay; to sink.</def>



<q>When earnestly they seek

Such proof, conclude they then begin to <qex>fail</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To deteriorate in respect to vigor, activity,

resources, etc.; to become weaker; <as>as, a sick man

<ex>fails</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To perish; to die; -- used of a person.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Had the king in his last sickness <qex>failed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To be found wanting with respect to an action or

a duty to be performed, a result to be secured, etc.; to miss;

not to fulfill expectation.</def>



<q>Take heed now that ye <qex>fail</qex> not to do this.</q>

<qau>Ezra iv. 22.</qau>



<q>Either my eyesight <qex>fails</qex>, or thou look'st pale.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To come short of a result or object aimed at or

desired ; to be baffled or frusrated.</def>



<q>Our envious foe hath <qex>failed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To err in judgment; to be mistaken.</def>



<q>Which ofttimes may succeed, so as perhaps

Shall grieve him, if I <qex>fail</qex> not.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To become unable to meet one's engagements;

especially, to be unable to pay one's debts or discharge one's

business obligation; to become bankrupt or insolvent.</def>



<hw>Fail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

be wanting to ; to be insufficient for; to disappoint; to

desert.</def>



<q>There shall not <qex>fail</qex> thee a man on the throne.</q>

<qau>1 Kings ii. 4.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To miss of attaining; to lose.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Though that seat of earthly bliss be <qex>failed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>faille</ets>, from

<ets>failir</ets>. See <er>Fail</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Miscarriage; failure; deficiency; fault; --

mostly superseded by <xex>failure</xex> or <xex>failing</xex>,

except in the phrase <xex>without fail</xex>.</def> \'bdHis

highness' <xex>fail</xex> of issue.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Death; decease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fail"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of.

<ets>faillance</ets>, fr. <ets>faillir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fault;

failure; omission.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Fell.</au>



<hw>Fail"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A failing

short; a becoming deficient; failure; deficiency; imperfection;

weakness; lapse; fault; infirmity; <as>as, a mental

<ex>failing</ex></as>.</def>



<q>And ever in her mind she cas about

For that unnoticed <qex>failing</qex> in herself.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of becoming insolvent of bankrupt.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Fault</er>.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Faille</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A soft silk, heavier than a foulard and not glossy.</def>



<hw>Fail"ure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fail</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cessation of supply, or

total defect; a failing; deficiency; <as>as, <ex>failure</ex> of

rain; <ex>failure</ex> of crops.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Omission; nonperformance; <as>as, the

<ex>failure</ex> to keep a promise</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Want of success; the state of having

failed.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Decau, or defect from decay; deterioration;

<as>as, the <ex>failure</ex> of memory or of sight</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A becoming insolvent; bankruptcy; suspension of

payment; <as>as, <ex>failure</ex> in business</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A failing; a slight fault.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fain</ets>, <ets>fagen</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'91gen</ets>; akin

to OS. <ets>fagan</ets>, Icel. <ets>faginn</ets> glad; AS.

<ets>f\'91gnian</ets> to rejoice, OS. <ets>fagan<omac/n</ets>,

Icel. <ets>fagna</ets>, Goth. <ets>fagin<omac/n</ets>, cf. Goth.

<ets>fah<emac/ds</ets> joy; and fr. the same root as E.

<ets>fair</ets>. Srr <er>Fair</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Fawn</er> to court favor.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Well-pleased; glad; apt; wont; fond; inclined.</def>



<q>Men and birds are <qex>fain</qex> of climbing high.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>To a busy man, temptation is <qex>fain</qex>to climb up

together with his business.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Satisfied; contented; also, constrained.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The learned Castalio was <qex>fain</qex> to make trechers at

Basle to keep himself from starving.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Fain</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With joy; gladly; -- with

<xex>wold</xex>.</def>



<q>He would <qex>fain</qex> have filled his belly with the husks

that the swine did eat.</q>

<qau>Luke xv. 16.</qau>



<q><qex>Fain</qex> Would I woo her, yet I dare not.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fain</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To be glad ; to wish or

desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Whoso fair thing does <qex>fain</qex> to see.</q>

<qau>Spencer.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fai`n\'82`ant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.;

<ets>fait</ets> he does + <ets>n\'82ant</ets> nothing.]</ety>

<def>Doing nothing; shiftless.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A do-nothing; an idle fellow; a sluggard.</def></def2>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Faint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Fainter</er> <pr>(-?r)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Faintest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>faint</ets>, <ets>feint</ets>, false, faint, F.

<ets>feint</ets>, p.p. of <ets>feindre</ets> to feign, suppose,

hesitate. See <er>Faign</er>, and cf. <er>Feint</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Lacking strength; weak; languid; inclined to

swoon; <as>as, <ex>faint</ex> with fatigue, hunger, or

thirst</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wanting in courage, spirit, or energy; timorous;

cowardly; dejected; depressed; <as>as, \'bd<ex>Faint</ex> heart

ne'er won fair lady</as>.\'b8</def>



<au>Old Proverb.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Lacking distinctness; hardly perceptible;

striking the senses feebly; not bright, or loud, or sharp, or

forcible; weak; <as>as, a <ex>faint</ex> color, or

sound</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Performed, done, or acted, in a weak or feeble

manner; not exhibiting vigor, strength, or energy; slight;

<as>as, <ex>faint</ex> efforts; <ex>faint</ex>

resistance.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>faint</qex> prosecution of the war.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<hw>Faint</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of fainting, or the

state of one who has fainted; a swoon. <mark>[R.]</mark> See

<er>Fainting</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<q>The saint,

Who propped the Virgin in her <qex>faint</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Faint</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fainted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fainting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become weak

or wanting in vigor; to grow feeble; to lose strength and color,

and the control of the bodily or mental functions; to swoon; --

sometimes with <xex>away</xex>. See <er>Fainting</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<q>Hearing the honor intended her, she <qex>fainted</qex>

away.</q>

<qau>Guardian.</qau>



<q>If I send them away fasting . . . they will <qex>faint</qex>

by the way.</q>

<qau>Mark viii. 8.</qau>



<-- p. 538 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sink into dejection; to lose courage or

spirit; to become depressed or despondent.</def>



<q>If thou <qex>faint</qex> in the day of adversity, thy strength

is small.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxiv. 10.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To decay; to disappear; to vanish.</def>



<q>Gilded clouds, while we gaze upon them, <qex>faint</qex>

before the eye.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Faint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to

faint or become dispirited; to depress; to weaken.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It <qex>faints</qex> me to think what follows.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Faint"*heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wanting

in courage; depressed by fear; easily discouraged or frightened;

cowardly; timorous; dejected.</def>



<q>Fear not, neither be <qex>faint-hearted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Is. vii. 4.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Faint"*heart`ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Faint"*heart`ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Faint"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Syncope, or

loss of consciousness owing to a sudden arrest of the blood

supply to the brain, the face becoming pallid, the respiration

feeble, and the heat's beat weak.</def>



<cs><col>Fainting fit</col>, <cd>a fainting or swoon; syncope.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Faint"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slightly faint; somewhat

faint.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Faint"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Faint"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Timorous;

feeble-minded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA

<xex>fainting</xex>, silly creature.\'b8



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Faint"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a faint, weak, or

timidmanner.</def>



<hw>Faint"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

being faint; loss of strength, or of consciousness, and

self-control.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Want of vigor or energy.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Feebleness, as of color or light; lack of

distinctness; <as>as, <ex>faintness</ex> of

description</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Faint-heartedness; timorousness;

dejection.</def>



<q>I will send a <qex>faintness</qex> into their hearts.</q>

<qau>Lev. xxvi. 36.</qau>



<hw>Faints</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos> <def>The impure

spirit which comes over first and last in the distillation of

whisky; -- the former being called the <xex>strong faints</xex>,

and the latter, which is much more abundant, the <xex>weak

faints</xex>. This crude spirit is much impregnated with fusel

oil.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Faint"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Feeble;

languid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fair</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Fairer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Fairest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fair</ets>, <ets>fayer</ets>, <ets>fager</ets>, AS.

<ets>f\'91ger</ets>; akin to OS. & OHG. <ets>fagar</ets>, Isel.

<ets>fagr</ets>, Sw. <ets>fager</ets>, Dan. <ets>faver</ets>,

Goth. <ets>fagrs</ets> fit, also to E. <ets>fay</ets>, G.

<ets>f\'81gen</ets>, to fit. <ets>fegen</ets> to sweep, cleanse,

and prob. also to E. <ets>fang</ets>, <ets>peace</ets>,

<ets>pact</ets>, Cf. <er>Fang</er>, <er>Fain</er>, <er>Fay</er>

to fit.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Free from spots, specks, dirt, or

imperfection; unblemished; clean; pure.</def>



<q>A <qex>fair</qex> white linen cloth.</q>

<qau>Book of Common Prayer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pleasing to the eye; handsome; beautiful.</def>



<q>Who can not see many a <qex>fair</qex> French city, for one

<qex>fair</qex> French made.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Without a dark hue; light; clear; <as>as, a

<ex>fair</ex> skin</as>.</def>



<q>The northern people large and

<qex>fair</qex>-complexioned.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not overcast; cloudless; clear; pleasant;

propitious; favorable; -- said of the sky, weather, or wind,

etc.; <as>as, a <ex>fair</ex> sky; a <ex>fair</ex>

day.</as></def>



<q>You wish <qex>fair</qex> winds may waft him over.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Free from obstacles or hindrances; unobstructed;

unincumbered; open; direct; -- said of a road, passage, etc.;

<as>as, a <ex>fair</ex> mark; in <ex>fair</ex> sight; a

<ex>fair</ex> view.</as></def>



<q>The caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which was in a

<xex>fair</xex> way to have enlarged.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Without sudden change

of direction or curvature; smooth; fowing; -- said of the figure

of a vessel, and of surfaces, water lines, and other lines.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Characterized by frankness, honesty,

impartiality, or candor; open; upright; free from suspicion or

bias; equitable; just; -- said of persons, character, or conduct;

<as>as, a <ex>fair</ex> man; <ex>fair</ex> dealing; a

<ex>fair</ex> statement.</as></def> \'bdI would call it

<xex>fair</xex> play.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Pleasing; favorable; inspiring hope and

confidence; -- said of words, promises, etc.</def>



<q>When <qex>fair</qex> words and good counsel will not prevail

on us, we must be frighted into our duty.</q>

<qau>L' Estrange.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Distinct; legible; <as>as, <ex>fair</ex>

handwriting</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Free from any marked characteristic; average;

middling; <as>as, a <ex>fair</ex> specimen</as>.</def>



<q>The news is very <qex>fair</qex> and good, my lord.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Fair ball</col>. <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A ball passing over the home base at the height called for by

the batsman, and delivered by the pitcher while wholly within the

lines of his position and facing the batsman.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A batted ball that falls inside the foul lines; -- called

also a <altname>fair hit</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fair maid</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The European pilchard

(<spn>Clupea pilchardus</spn>) when dried.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>The southern scup (<spn>Stenotomus Gardeni</spn>).

[<xex>Virginia</xex>]</cd> -- <col>Fair one</col>, <cd>a handsome

woman; a beauty,</cd> -- <col>Fair play</col>, <cd>equitable or

impartial treatment; a fair or equal chance; justice.</cd> --

<col>From fair to middling</col>, <cd>passable; tolerable.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>The fair sex</col>, <cd>the female

sex.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Candid; open; frank; ingenuous; clear; honest;

equitable; impartial; reasonable. See <er>Candid</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fair</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Clearly; openly; frankly;

civilly; honestly; favorably; auspiciously; agreeably.</def>



<cs><col>Fair and square</col>, <cd>justly; honestly; equitably;

impartially.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To bid

fair</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bid</er>.</cd> -- <col>To speak

fair</col>, <cd>to address with courtesy and frankness.

<mark>[Archaic]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fair</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fairness,

beauty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fair woman; a sweetheart.</def>



<q>I have found out a gift for my <qex>fair</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shenstone.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Good fortune; good luck.</def>



<q>Now <qex>fair</qex> befall thee !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>The fair</col>, <cd>anything beautiful; women,

collectively. \'bdFor slander's mark was ever yet <xex>the

fair<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fair</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make fair or

beautiful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Fairing</qex> the foul.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To make smooth and

flowing, as a vessel's lines.</def>



<hw>Fair</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>feire</ets>, OF.

<ets>feire</ets>, F. <ets>foire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fariae</ets>,

pl., days of rest, holidays, festivals, akin to <ets>festus</ets>

festal. See <er>Feast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A gathering

of buyers and sellers, assembled at a particular place with their

merchandise at a stated or regular season, or by special

appointment, for trade.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A festival, and sale of fancy articles. erc.,

usually for some charitable object; <as>as, a Grand Army

<ex>fair</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A competitive exhibition of wares, farm

products, etc., not primarily for purposes of sale; <as>as, the

Mechanics' <ex>fair</ex>; an agricultural

<ex>fair</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>After the fair</col>, <cd>Too late.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Fair"-haired`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

fair or light-colored hair.</def>



<hw>Fair"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fairness;

beauty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Foxe.</au>



<hw>Fair"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

manner of a fairy.</def>



<q>Numerous as shadows haunting <qex>fairily</qex>

<qex>The brain</qex>.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<hw>Fair"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A present; originally, one

given or purchased at a fair.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<cs><col>Fairing box</col>, <cd>a box receiving savings or small

sums of money.</cd></cs>



<qau>Hannah More.</qau>



<hw>Fair"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tolerably fair.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>W. D. Howells.</au>



<hw>Fair"-lead`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block, or ring, serving as a guide for

the running rigging or for any rope.</def>



<hw>Fair"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a

fairmanner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly;

frankly.</def>



<q>Even the nature of Mr. Dimmesdale's disease had never

<qex>fairly</qex> been revealed to him.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Favorably; auspiciously; commodiously; <as>as, a

town <ex>fairly</ex> situated for foreign traade</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Honestly; properly.</def>



<q>Such means of comfort or even luxury, as lay <qex>fairly</qex>

within their grasp.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Softly; quietly; gently.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fair"-mind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Unprejudiced; just; judicial; honest.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fair"*mind`ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fair"-na`tured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Well-disposed.</def> \'bdA <xex>fair-natured</xex>

prince.\'b8



<au>Ford.</au>



<hw>Fair"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being fair,

or free form spots or stains, as of the skin; honesty, as of

dealing; candor, as of an argument, etc.</def>



<hw>Faair"-spo`ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Using

fair speech, or uttered with fairness; bland; civil; courteous;

plausible.</def> \'bdA marvelous <xex>fair-spoken</xex> man.\'b8



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Fair"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The navigable

part of a river, bay, etc., through which vessels enter or

depart; the part of a harbor or channel ehich is kept open and

unobstructed for the passage of vessels.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<-- [2]. That part of a golf course between the tee and the green

which is of closely mowed grass, as contrasted to <xex>the

rough</xex>. -->



<hw>Fair"-weath`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Made or done in pleasant weather, or in circumstances

involving but little exposure or sacrifice; <as>as, a

<ex>fair-weather</ex> voyage</as>.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Appearing only when times or circumstances are

prosperous; <as>as, a <ex>fair-weather</ex> friend</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Fair-weather sailor</col>, <cd>a make-believe or

inexperienced sailor; -- the nautical equivalent of <xex>carpet

knight<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fair"-world`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of

prosperity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They think it was never <qex>fair-world</qex> with them

since.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fair"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fairies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>fairie</ets>, <ets>faierie</ets>, enchantment, fairy folk,

fairy, OF. <ets>faerie</ets> enchantment, F. <ets>f\'82er</ets>,

fr. LL. <ets>Fata</ets> one of the goddesses of fate. See

<er>Fate</er>, and cf. <er>Fay</er> a fairy.]</ety>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>fa\'89ry</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Enchantment; illusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>The God of her has made an end,

And fro this worlde's <qex>fairy</qex>

Hath taken her into company.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The country of the fays; land of

illusions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He [Arthur] is a king y-crowned in <qex>Fairy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lydgate.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An imaginary supernatural being or spirit,

supposed to assume a human form (usually diminutive), either male

or female, and to meddle for good or evil in the affairs of

mankind; a fay. See <er>Elf</er>, and <er>Demon</er>.</def>



<q>The fourth kind of spirit [is] called the

<qex>Fairy</qex>.</q>

<qau>K. James.</qau>



<q>And now about the caldron sing,

Like elves and <qex>fairies</qex> in a ring.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An enchantress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Fairy of the mine</col>, <cd>an imaginary being supposed

to inhabit mines, etc. German folklore tells of two species; one

fierce and malevolent, the other gentle, See

<er>Kobold</er>.</cd></cs>



<q>No goblin or swart <qex>fairy of the mine</qex>

Hath hurtful power over true virginity.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fair"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to fairies.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given by fairies; <as>as, <ex>fairy</ex>

money</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>Fairy bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

Euoropean little tern (<spn>Sterna minuta</spn>); -- called also

<altname>sea swallow</altname>, and <altname>hooded

tern</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fairy bluebird</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Bluebird</er>.</cd> --

<col>Fairy martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European

swallow (<spn>Hirrundo ariel</spn>) that builds flask-shaped

nests of mud on overhanging cliffs.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Fairy</col> <col>rings <or/ circles</col></mcol>,

<cd>the circles formed in grassy lawns by certain fungi (as

<spn>Marasmius Oreades</spn>), formerly supposed to be caused by

fairies in their midnight dances.</cd> -- <col>Fairy shrimp</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European fresh-water phyllopod

crustacean (<spn>Chirocephalus diaphanus</spn>); -- so called

from its delicate colors, transparency, and graceful motions. The

name is sometimes applied to similar American species.</cd> --

<col>Fairy stone</col> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>, <cd>an

echinite.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fair"y*land`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

imaginary land or abode of fairies.</def>



<hw>Fair"y*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling

a fairy, or what is made or done be fairies; <as>as,

<ex>fairylike</ex> music</as>.</def>



<hw>Faith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>feith</ets>, <ets>fayth</ets>, <ets>fay</ets>, OF.

<ets>feid</ets>, <ets>feit</ets>, <ets>fei</ets>, F.

<ets>foi</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fides</ets>; akin to

<ets>fidere</ets> to trust, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to

persuade. The ending <ets>th</ets> is perhaps due to the

influence of such words as <ets>truth</ets>, <ets>health</ets>,

<ets>wealth</ets>. See <er>Bid</er>, <er>Bide</er>, and cf.

<er>Confide</er>, <er>Defy</er>, <er>Fealty</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of

what is declared by another, resting solely and implicitly on his

authority and veracity; reliance on testimony.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The assent of the mind to the statement or

proposition of another, on the ground of the manifest truth of

what he utters; firm and earnest belief, on probable evidence of

any kind, especially in regard to important moral truth.</def>



<q><qex>Faith</qex>, that is, fidelity, -- the fealty of the

finite will and understanding to the reason.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The belief in

the historic truthfulness of the Scripture narrative, and the

supernatural origin of its teachings, sometimes called

<xex>historical</xex> and <xex>speculative</xex> faith.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The belief in the facts and truth of the

Scriptures, with a practical love of them; especially, that

confiding and affectionate belief in the person and work of

Christ, which affects the character and life, and makes a man a

true Christian, -- called a <xex>practical</xex>,

<xex>evangelical</xex>, or <xex>saving</xex> faith.</def>



<q>Without <qex>faith</qex> it is impossible to please him

[God].</q>

<qau>Heb. xi. 6.</qau>



<q>The <qex>faith</qex> of the gospel is that emotion of the mind

which is called \'bdtrust\'b8 or \'bdconfidence\'b8 exercised

toward the moral character of God, and particularly of the

Savior.</q>

<qau>Dr. T. Dwight.</qau>



<q><qex>Faith</qex> is an affectionate, practical confidence in

the testimony of God.</q>

<qau>J. Hawes.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is believed on any subject, whether

in science, politics, or religion; especially

<fld>(Theol.)</fld>, a system of religious belief of any kind;

<as>as, the Jewish or Mohammedan <ex>faith</ex>; and especially,

the system of truth taught by Christ; <as>as, the Christian

<ex>faith</ex></as></as>; also, the creed or belief of a

Christian society or church.</def>



<q>Which to believe of her,

Must be a <qex>faith</qex> that reason without miracle

Could never plant in me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Now preacheth the <qex>faith</qex> which once he

destroyed.</q>

<qau>Gal. i. 23.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fidelity to one's promises, or allegiance to

duty, or to a person honored and beloved; loyalty.</def>



<q>Children in whom is no <qex>faith</qex>.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxvii. 20.</qau>



<q>Whose failing, while her <qex>faith</qex> to me remains,

I should conceal.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity;

<as>as, he violated his <ex>faith</ex></as>.</def>



<q>For you alone

I broke me <qex>faith</qex> with injured Palamon.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Credibility or truth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>faith</qex> of the foregoing narrative.</q>

<qau>Mitford.</qau>



<cs><col>Act of faith</col>. <cd>See <er>Auto-da-f\'82</er>.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Breach of faith</col>, <col>Confession of

faith</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Breach</er>,

<er>Confession</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Faith cure</col>, <cd>a

method or practice of treating diseases by prayer and the

exercise of faith in God.</cd> -- <col>In good faith</col>,

<cd>with perfect sincerity.</cd></cs>

<-- faith healing, faith healer = faith cure. -->



<hw>Faith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>By my faith;

in truth; verily.</def>



<hw>Faithed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having faith or

a faith; honest; sincere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdMake thy

words <xex>faithed</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Faith"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to believe,

especially in the declarations and promises of God.</def>



<q>You are not <qex>faithful</qex>, sir.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Firm in adherence to promises, oaths, contracts,

treaties, or other engagements.</def>



<q>The <qex>faithful</qex> God, which keepeth covenant and mercy

with them that love him.</q>

<qau>Deut. vii. 9.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>True and constant in affection or allegiance to

a person to whom one is bound by a vow, be ties of love,

gratitude, or honor, as to a husband, a prince, a friend; firm in

the observance of duty; loyal; of true fidelity; <as>as, a

<ex>faithful</ex> husband or servant</as>.</def>



<q>So spake the seraph Abdiel, <qex>faithful</qex> found,

Among the faithless, <qex>faithful</qex> only he.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Worthy of confidence and belief; conformable to

truth ot fact; exact; accurate; <as>as, a <ex>faithful</ex>

narrative or representation</as>.</def>



<q>It is a <qex>faithful</qex> saying.</q>

<qau>2 Tim. ii. 11.</qau>



<cs><col>The Faithful</col>, <cd>the adherents of any system of

religious belief; esp. used as an epithet of the followers of

Mohammed.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Trusty; honest; upright; sincere; veracious;

trustworthy.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Faith"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

-<wf>Faith"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Faith"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not

believing; not giving credit.</def>



<q>Be not <qex>faithless</qex>, but believing.</q>

<qau>John xx. 27.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not believing on God or religion; specifically,

not believing in the Christian religion.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not observant of promises or covenants.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not true to allegiance, duty, or vows;

perfidious; trecherous; disloyal; not of true fidelity;

inconstant, as a husband or a wife.</def>



<q>A most unnatural and <qex>faithless</qex> service.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Serving to disappoint or deceive; delusive;

unsatisfying.</def> \'bdYonder <xex>faithless</xex> phantom.\'b8



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Faith"less*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos><wf>Faith"less*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fai"tour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>faitor</ets> a doer, L. <ets>factor</ets>. See

<er>Factor</er>.]</ety> <def>A doer or actor; particularly, an

evil doer; a scoundrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Lo! <qex>faitour</qex>, there thy meed unto thee take.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Scot.

<ets>faik</ets> fold, stratum of stone, AS. <ets>f\'91c</ets>

space, interval, G. <ets>fach</ets> compartment, partition, row,

and E. <ets>fay</ets> to fit.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One

of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a

coil; a single turn or coil.</def>



<hw>Fake</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To coil

(a rope, line, or hawser), by winding alternately in opposite

directions, in layers usually of zigzag or figure of eight form,,

to prevent twisting when running out.</def>



<cs><col>Faking box</col>, <cd>a box in which a long rope is

faked; used in the life-saving service for a line attached to a

shot.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fake</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>faigh</ets>

to get, acquire, reach, or OD. <ets>facken</ets> to catch or

gripe.]</ety> <mark>[<it>Slang in all its senses.</it>]</mark>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cheat; to swindle; to steal; to rob.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make; to construct; to do.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To manipulate fraudulently, so as to make an

object appear better or other than it really is; <as>as, to

<ex>fake</ex> a bulldog, by burning his upper lip and thus

artificially shortening it</as>.</def>



<hw>Fake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A trick; a swindle.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Fa"kir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>faq\'c6r</ets> poor.]</ety> <def>An Oriental religious

ascetic or begging monk.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>faquir</asp> anf <asp>fakeer</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Fa"la*na"ka</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A viverrine mammal of

Madagascar (<spn>Eupleres Goudotii</spn>), allied to the civet;

-- called also <altname>Falanouc</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fal*cade"</hw> <pr>(f<acr/l*k<amac/d")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., ultimately fr. L. <ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>, a

sickle or scythe.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The action of a

horse, when he throws himself on his haunches two or three times,

bending himself, as it were, in very quick curvets.</def>



<au>Harris.</au>



<-- p. 539 -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Fal"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fal"ca*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>falcatus</ets>,

fr. <ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>, a sickle or

scythe.]</ety> <def>Hooked or bent like a sickle; <as>as, a

<ex>falcate</ex> leaf; a <ex>falcate</ex> claw</as>; -- said also

of the moon, or a planet, when horned or crescent-formed.</def>



<hw>Fal*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being falcate; a bend in the form of a sickle.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fal"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.

<ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>, a sickle.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the mandibles of a

spider.</def>



<hw>Fal"chion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fauchon</ets>, OF. <ets>fauchon</ets>, LL.

<ets>f\'84lcio</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>,

a sickle, cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a ship's rib,

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bandy-legged; perh, akin to E.

<ets>falcon</ets>; cf. It. <ets>falcione</ets>. Cf.

<er>Defalcation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A broad-bladed

sword, slightly curved, shorter and lighter than the ordinary

sword; -- used in the Middle Ages.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A name given generally and poetically to a

sword, especially to the swords of Oriental and fabled

warriors.</def>



<hw>Fal*cid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Falcidius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Publius

Falcidius, a Roman tribune.</def>



<cs><col>Falcidian law</col> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld>, <cd>a law by

which a testator was obliged to leave at least a fourth of his

estate to the heir.</cd></cs>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Fal"ci*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>, a sickle + <ets>-form</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>falciforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the shape of a

scithe or sickle; resembling a reaping hook; <as>as, the

<ex>falciform</ex> ligatment of the liver</as>.</def>



<hw>Fal"con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>faucon</ets>, <ets>faucoun</ets>, OF. <ets>faucon</ets>,

<ets>falcon</ets>, <?/. <ets>faucon</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>falco</ets>, perh. from L. <ets>falx, falcis</ets>, a sickle

or scythe, and named from its curving talons. Cf.

<er>Falchion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a family (<spn>Falconid\'91</spn>) of

raptorial birds, characterized by a short, hooked beak, strong

claws, and powerful flight.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any species

of the genus <spn>Falco</spn>, distinguished by having a

toothlike lobe on the upper mandible; especially, one of this

genus trained to the pursuit of other birds, or game.</def>



<q>In the language of falconry, the female peregrine (<spn>Falco

peregrinus</spn>) is exclusively called the

<qex>falcon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Yarrell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>An ancient form of

cannon.</def>



<cs><col>Chanting falcon</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Chanting</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fal"con*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fauconer</ets>, OF. <ets>falconier</ets>,

<ets>fauconier</ets>, F. <ets>fauconnier</ets>. See

<er>Falcon</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who breeds or trains hawks

for taking birds or game; one who follows the sport of fowling

with hawks.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fal"co*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>falcon</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fauconneau</ets>, LL.

<ets>falconeta</ets>, properly, a young falcon.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the smaller cannon used in the 15th

century and later.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of

several very small Asiatic falcons of the genus

<spn>Microhierax</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a group of

Australian birds of the genus <spn>Falcunculus</spn>, resembling

shrikes and titmice.</def>



<hw>Fal"con*gen`til</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>faucon-gentil</ets>. See <er>Falcon</er>, and

<er>Genteel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female or

young of the goshawk (<spn>Astur palumbarius</spn>).</def>



<hw>Fal"co*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a falcon or hawk; belonging to

the <spn>Falconid\'91</spn></def>



<hw>Fal"con*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fauconnerie</ets>. See <er>Falcon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The art of training falcons or hawks to pursue and attack

wild fowl or game.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sport of taking wild fowl or game by means

of falcons or hawks.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fal"cu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

small sickle, a billhook.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

curved and sharp-pointed claw.</def>



<hw>Fal"cu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Curved and sharppointed, like a

falcula, or claw of a falcon.</def>



<hw>Fald"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>faldagium</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>fald</ets>, E.

<ets>fold</ets>. Cf. <er>Foldage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A privilege of setting up, and moving about,

folds for sheep, in any fields within manors, in order to manure

them; -- often reserved to himself by the lord of the

manor.</def>



<au>Spelman.</au>



<hw>Fald"fee`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fald</ets> (E.<ets>fold</ets>) + E. <ets>fee</ets>. See

<er>Faldage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A fee or

rent paid by a tenant for the privilege of faldage on his own

ground.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Fald"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A frieze or rough-napped

cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fal"dis*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>faldistorium</ets>, <ets>faldestorium</ets>, from OHG.

<ets>faldstuol</ets>; <ets>faldan</ets>, <ets>faltan</ets>, to

fold (G. <ets>falten</ets>) + <ets>stuol</ets> stool. So called

because it could be folded or laid together. See <er>Fold</er>,

and <er>Stool</er>, and cf. <er>Faldstool</er>,

<er>Fauteuil</er>.]</ety> <def>The throne or seat of a bishop

within the chancel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fald"stool`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Faldistory</er>.]</ety> <def>A folding stool, or portable

seat, made to fold up in the manner of a camo stool. It was

formerly placed in the choir for a bishop, when he offciated in

any but his own cathedral church.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<note><hand/ In the modern practice of the Church of England, the

term <xex>faldstool</xex> is given to the reading desk from which

the litany is read. This esage is a relic of the ancient use of a

lectern folding like a camp stool.</note>



<hw>Fa*ler"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Mount Falernus, in Italy; <as>as,

<ex>Falernian</ex>wine</as>.</def>



<hw>Falk</hw> <pr>(f<add/k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The razorbill.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>falc</asp>, and <asp>faik</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Fall</hw> <pr>(f<add/l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Fell</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Fallen</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Falling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>feallan</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>vallen</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>fallan</ets>, G.

<ets>fallen</ets>, Icel. <ets>Falla</ets>, Sw. <ets>falla</ets>,

Dan. <ets>falde</ets>, Lith. <ets>pulti</ets>, L.

<ets>fallere</ets> to deceive, Gr. <grk>sfa`llein</grk> to cause

to fall, Skr. <ets>sphal</ets>, <ets>sphul</ets>, to tremble. Cf.

<er>Fail</er>, <er>Fell</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, to cause to

fall.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To Descend, either suddenly or

gradually; particularly, to descend by the force of gravity; to

drop; to sink; <as>as, the apple <ex>falls</ex>; the tide

<ex>falls</ex>; the mercury <ex>falls</ex> in the

barometer.</as></def>



<q>I beheld Satan as lightning <qex>fall</qex> from heaven.</q>

<qau>Luke x. 18.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cease to be erect; to take suddenly a

recumbent posture; to become prostrate; to drop; <as>as, a child

totters and <ex>falls</ex>; a tree <ex>falls</ex>; a worshiper

<ex>falls</ex> on his knees.</as></def>



<q>I <qex>fell</qex> at his feet to worship him.</q>

<qau>Rev. xix. 10.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To find a final outlet; to discharge its waters;

to empty; -- with <xex>into</xex>; <as>as, the river Rhone

<ex>falls</ex> into the Mediterranean</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To become prostrate and dead; to die;

especially, to die by violence, as in battle.</def>



<q>A thousand shall <qex>fall</qex> at thy side.</q>

<qau>Ps. xci. 7.</qau>



<q>He rushed into the field, and, foremost fighting,

<qex>fell</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cease to be active or strong; to die away; to

lose strength; to subside; to become less intense; <as>as, the

wind <ex>falls</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To issue forth into life; to be brought forth;

-- said of the young of certain animals.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To decline in power, glory, wealth, or

importance; to become insignificant; to lose rank or position; to

decline in weight, value, price etc.; to become less; <as>as, the

<ex>falls</ex>; stocks <ex>fell</ex> two points.</as></def>



<q>I am a poor <qex>falle</qex> man, unworthy now

To be thy lord and master.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly <qex>fell</qex>

and vanished.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To be overthrown or captured; to be

destroyed.</def>



<q>Heaven and earth will witness,

If Rome must <qex>fall</qex>, that we are innocent.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To descend in character or reputation; to become

degraded; to sink into vice, error, or sin; to depart from the

faith; to apostatize; to sin.</def>



<q>Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man

<qex>fall</qex> after the same example of unbelief.</q>

<qau>Heb. iv. 11.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To become insnared or embarrassed; to be

entrapped; to be worse off than before; asm to <xex>fall</xex>

into error; to <xex>fall</xex> into difficulties.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to

become or appear dejected; -- said of the countenance.</def>



<q>Cain was very wroth, and his countenance <qex>fell</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. iv. 5.</qau>



<q>I have observed of late thy looks are <qex>fallen</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>To sink; to languish; to become feeble or

faint; <as>as, our spirits rise and <ex>fall</ex> with our

fortunes</as>.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>To pass somewha suddenly, and passively, into a

new state of body or mind; to become; <as>as, to <ex>fall</ex>

asleep; to <ex>fall</ex> into a passion; to <ex>fall</ex> in

love; to <ex>fall</ex> into temptation.</as></def>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>To happen; to to come to pass; to light; to

befall; to issue; to terminate.</def>



<q>The Romans <qex>fell</qex> on this model by chance.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will

<qex>fall</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ruth. iii. 18.</qau>



<q>They do not make laws, they <qex>fall</qex> into customs.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>To come; to occur; to arrive.</def>



<q>The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene Council

<qex>fell</qex> on the 21st of March, <qex>falls</qex> now [1694]

about ten days sooner.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>To begin with haste, ardor, or vehemence; to

rush or hurry; <as>as, they <ex>fell</ex> to blows</as>.</def>



<q>They now no longer doubted, but <qex>fell</qex> to work heart

and soul.</q>

<qau>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</qau>



<sn>17.</sn> <def>To pass or be transferred by chance, lot,

distribution, inheritance, or otherwise; <as>as, the estate

<ex>fell</ex> to his brother; the kingdom <ex>fell</ex> into the

hands of his rivals.</as></def>



<sn>18.</sn> <def>To belong or appertain.</def>



<q>If to her share some female errors <qex>fall</qex>,

Look on her face, and you'll forget them all.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>19.</sn> <def>To be dropped or uttered carelessly; <as>as, an

unguarded expression <ex>fell</ex> from his lips; not a murmur

<ex>fell</ex> from him.</as></def>



<cs><col>To fall abroad of</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to

strike against; -- applied to one vessel coming into collision

with another.</cd> -- <col>To fall among</col>, <cd>to come among

accidentally or unexpectedly.</cd> -- <col>To fall astern</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to move or be driven backward; to be left

behind; as, a ship <xex>falls astern<xex> by the force of a

current, or when outsailed by another.</cd> -- <col>To fall

away</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To lose flesh; to become lean or

emaciated; to pine.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To renounce or desert

allegiance; to revolt or rebel.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To renounce

or desert the faith; to apostatize. \'bdThese . . . for a while

believe, and in time of temptation <xex>fall away<xex>.\'b8

<au>Luke viii. 13.</au></cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To perish; to

vanish; to be lost. \'bdHow . . . can the soul . . . <xex>fall

away<xex> into nothing?\'b8 <au>Addison</au>.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd>

<cd>To decline gradually; to fade; to languish, or become faint.

\'bdOne color <xex>falls away<xex> by just degrees, and another

rises insensibly.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>.</cd> -- <col>To fall

back</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To recede or retreat; to give

way.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To fail of performing a promise or

purpose; not to fulfill.</cd> -- <col>To fall back upon</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To retreat for safety to (a

stronger position in the rear, as to a fort or a supporting body

of troops).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have recourse to (a reserved

fund, or some available expedient or support).</cd> -- <col>To

fall calm</col>, <cd>to cease to blow; to become calm.</cd> --

<col>To fall down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To prostrate one's self

in worship. \'bdAll kings shall <xex>fall down<xex> before

him.\'b8 <au>Ps. lxxii. 11.</au></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To sink;

to come to the ground. \'bd<xex>Down fell<xex> the beauteous

youth.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To bend or bow,

as a suppliant.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To sail

or drift toward the mouth of a river or other outlet.</cd> --

<col>To fall flat</col>, <cd>to produce no response or result; to

fail of the intended effect; as, his speech <xex>fell

flat<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To fall foul of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To have a collision with; to become

entangled with</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To attack; to make an

assault upon.</cd> -- <col>To fall from</col>, <cd>to recede or

depart from; not to adhere to; as, <xex>to fall from<xex> an

agreement or engagement; <xex>to fall from<xex> allegiance or

duty.</cd> -- <col>To fall from grace</col> <fld>(M. E.

Ch.)</fld>, <cd>to sin; to withdraw from the faith.</cd> --

<col>To fall home</col> <fld>(Ship Carp.)</fld>, <cd>to curve

inward; -- said of the timbers or upper parts of a ship's side

which are much within a perpendicular.</cd> -- <col>To fall

in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To sink inwards; as, the roof

<xex>fell in<xex>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To

take one's proper or assigned place in line; as, <xex>to fall

in<xex> on the right.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To come to an end; to

terminate; to lapse; <as>as, on the death of Mr. B., the

annuuity, which he had so long received, <ex>fell

in</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To become operative. \'bdThe

reversion, to which he had been nominated twenty years before,

<xex>fell in<xex>.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.</cd> -- <col>To fall

into one's hands</col>, <cd>to pass, often suddenly or

unexpectedly, into one's ownership or control; as, to spike

cannon when they are likely <xex>to fall into the hands<xex> of

the enemy.</cd> -- <col>To fall in with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To meet with accidentally; as, <xex>to fall in with<xex> a

friend.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To meet, as a

ship; also, to discover or come near, as land.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>To concur with; to agree with; as, the measure <xex>falls in

with<xex> popular opinion.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To comply; to

yield to. \'bdYou will find it difficult to persuade learned men

<xex>to fall in with<xex> your projects.\'b8

<au>Addison</au>.</cd> -- <col>To fall off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To drop; as, fruits <xex>fall off<xex> when ripe.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To withdraw; to separate; to become detached;

as, friends <xex>fall off<xex> in adversity. \'bdLove cools,

friendship <xex>falls off<xex>, brothers divide.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To perish; to die away; as,

words <xex>fall off<xex> by disuse.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To

apostatize; to forsake; to withdraw from the faith, or from

allegiance or duty.</cd>



<q>Those captive tribes . . . <qex>fell off</qex>

From God to worship calves.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To forsake; to abandon; as, his customers

<xex>fell off</xex>.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To depreciate; to

change for the worse; to deteriorate; to become less valuable,

abundant, or interesting; <as>as, a <xex>falling off</xex> in the

wheat crop; the magazine or the review <xex>falls off</xex></as>.

\'bdO Hamlet, what a <xex>falling off</xex> was there!\'b8

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To

deviate or trend to the leeward of the point to which the head of

the ship was before directed; to fall to leeward.</cd> -- <col>To

fall on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To meet with; to light upon; as,

we have <xex>fallen on</xex> evil days.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

begin suddenly and eagerly. \'bd<xex>Fall on</xex>, and try the

appetite to eat.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To

begin an attack; to assault; to assail. \'bd<xex>Fall on</xex>,

<xex>fall on</xex>, and hear him not.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To drop on; to descend on.</cd> -- <col>To fall

out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To quarrel; to begin to contend.</cd>



<q>A soul exasperated in ills <qex>falls out</qex>

With everything, its friend, itself.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To happen; to befall; to chance.</cd> \'bdThere

<xex>fell out</xex> a bloody quarrel betwixt the frogs and the

mice.\'b8 <au>L'Estrange</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<cd>To leave the ranks, as a soldier.</cd> -- <col>To fall

over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To revolt; to desert from one side

to another.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To fall beyond.</cd>

<au>Shak</au>. -- <col>To fall short</col>, <cd>to be deficient;

as, the corn <xex>falls short</xex>; they all <xex>fall

short</xex> in duty.</cd> -- <col>To fall through</col>, <cd>to

come to nothing; to fail; as, the engageent <xex>has fallen

through</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To fall to</col>, <cd>to begin.</cd>

\'bd<xex>Fall to</xex>, with eager joy, on homely food.\'b8

<au>Dryden</au>. -- <col>To fall under</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected to; as, they

<xex>fell under</xex> the jurisdiction of the emperor.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come under; to become the subject of; <as>as,

this point did not <ex>fall under</ex> the cognizance or

deliberations of the court; these things do not <ex>fall

under</ex> human sight or observation.</as></cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>To come within; to be ranged or reckoned with; to be

subordinate to in the way of classification; <as>as, these

substances <ex>fall under</ex> a different class or

order.</as></cd> -- <col>To fall upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

attack.</cd> [See <cref>To fall on</cref>.] <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

attempt; to have recourse to.</cd> \'bdI do not intend <xex>to

fall upon</xex> nice disquisitions.\'b8 <au>Holder</au>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <au><cd>To rush against.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fall</xex> primarily denotes descending motion,

either in a perpendicular or inclined direction, and, in most of

its applications, implies, <xex>literally</xex> or

<xex>figuratively</xex>, velocity, haste, suddenness, or

violence. Its use is so various, and so mush diversified by

modifying words, that it is not easy to enumerate its senses in

all its applications.</note>



<hw>Fall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

let fall; to drop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For every tear he <qex>falls</qex>, a Trojan bleeds.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sink; to depress; <as>as, to <ex>fall</ex>

the voice</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To diminish; to lessen or lower.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Upon lessening interest to four per cent, you <qex>fall</qex>

the price of your native commodities.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bring forth; <as>as, to <ex>fall</ex>

lambs</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To fell; to cut down; <as>as, to <ex>fall</ex> a

tree</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Fall</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of falling;

a dropping or descending be the force of gravity; descent;

<as>as, a <ex>fall</ex> from a horse, or from the yard of

ship</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect

posture; <as>as, he was walking on ice, and had a

<ex>fall</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Death; destruction; overthrow; ruin.</def>



<q>They thy <qex>fall</qex> conspire.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q>Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a

<qex>fall</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prov. xvi. 18.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or

office; termination of greatness, power, or dominion; ruin;

overthrow; <as>as, the <ex>fall</ex> of the Roman

empire</as>.</def>



<q>Beholds thee glorious only in thy <qex>fall</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The surrender of a besieged fortress or town ;

<as>as, the <ex>fall</ex> of Sebastopol</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Diminution or decrease in price or value;

depreciation; <as>as, the <ex>fall</ex> of prices; the

<ex>fall</ex> of rents.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A sinking of tone; cadence; <as>as, the

<ex>fall</ex> of the voice at the close of a sentence</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a

slope.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush

of water down a precipice or steep; -- usually in the plural,

sometimes in the singular; <as>as, the <ex>falls</ex> of

Niagara</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>The discharge of a river or current of water

into the ocean, or into a lake or pond; <as>as, the <ex>fall</ex>

of the Po into the Gulf of Venice</as>.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Extent of descent; the distance which anything

falls; <as>as, the water of a stream has a <ex>fall</ex> of five

feet</as>.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>The season when leaves fall from trees;

autumn.</def>



<q>What crowds of patients the town doctor kills,

Or how, last <qex>fall</qex>, he raised the weekly bills.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>That which falls; a falling; <as>as, a

<ex>fall</ex> of rain; a heavy <ex>fall</ex> of snow.</as></def>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>The act of felling or cutting down.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>fall</xex> of timber.\'b8



<au>Johnson</au>.



<sn>15.</sn> <def>Lapse or declinsion from innocence or goodness.

Specifically: The first apostasy; the act of our first parents in

eating the forbidden fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious

angels.</def>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>Formerly, a kind of ruff or band for the neck;

a falling band; a faule.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>17.</sn> <def>That part (as one of the ropes) of a tackle to

which the power is applied in hoisting.</def>



<cs><col>Fall herring</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a herring

of the Atlantic (<spn>Clupea mediocris</spn>); -- also called

<altname>tailor herring</altname>, and <altname>hickory

shad</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To try a fall</col>, <cd>to try a

bout at wrestling.</cd> <au>Shak</au>.</cs>



<hw>Fal*la"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fallaciosus</ets>, fr. <ets>fallacia</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fallacieux</ets>. See <er>Fallacy</er>.]</ety>

<def>Embodying or pertaining to a fallacy; illogical; fitted to

deceive; misleading; delusive; <as>as, <ex>fallacious</ex>

arguments or reasoning</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fal*la"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

-<wf>Fal*la"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<-- p. 540 -->



<hw>Fal"la*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fallacies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>fallace</ets>, <ets>fallas</ets>, deception, F.

<ets>fallace</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fallacia</ets>, fr.

<ets>fallax</ets> deceitful, deceptive, fr. <ets>fallere</ets> to

deceive. See <er>Fail</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Deceptive or

false appearance; deceitfulness; that which misleads the eye or

the mind; deception.</def>



<q>Winning by conquest what the first man lost,

By <qex>fallacy</qex> surprised.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An argument, or apparent

argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue,

while in reality it is not; a sophism.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Deception; deceit; mistake.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Fallacy</er>, <er>Sophistry</er>. A <xex>fallacy</xex> is an

argument which professes to be decisive, but in reality is not;

<xex>sophistry</xex> is also false reasoning, but of so specious

and subtle a kind as to render it difficult to expose its

<xex>fallacy</xex>. Many <xex>fallacies</xex> are obvious, but

the evil of <xex>sophistry</xex> lies in its consummate art.

\'bdMen are apt to suffer their minds to be misled by

<xex>fallacies</xex> which gratify their passions. Many persons

have obscured and confounded the nature of things by their

wretched <xex>sophistry</xex>; though an act be never so sinful,

they will strip it of its guilt.\'b8 <au>South</au>.</usage>



<hw>Fal"*lals`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos> <def>Gay

ornaments; frippery; gewgaws.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Fal"lax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fallax</ets> deceptive. See <er>Fallacy</er>.]</ety>

<def>Cavillation; a caviling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cranmer.</au>



<hw>Fall"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dropped;

prostrate; degraded; ruined; decreased; dead.</def>



<q>Some ruined temple or <qex>fallen</qex> monument.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<hw>Fal"len*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>fallentia</ets>, L. <ets>fallens</ets> p.pr of

<ets>fallere</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exception.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Fall"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, falls.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A part which acts by falling,

as a stamp in a fulling mill, or the device in a spinning machine

to arrest motion when a thread breaks.</def>



<hw>Fall"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water fish of the United

States (<spn>Semotilus bullaris</spn>); -- called also

<altname>silver chub</altname>, and <altname>Shiner</altname>.

The name is also applied to other allied species.</def>



<hw>Fal`li*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being fallible; liability to deceive or to be deceived;

<as>as, the <ex>fallibity</ex> of an argument or of an

adviser</as>.</def>



<hw>Fal"li*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>fallibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive: cf.

F. <ets>faillible</ets>. See <er>Fail</er>.]</ety> <def>Liable to

fail, mistake, or err; liable to deceive or to be deceived;

<as>as, all men are <ex>fallible</ex>; our opinions and hopes are

<ex>fallible</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Fal"li*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fallible

manner.</def>



<hw>Fall"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from

<er>Fall</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Falling away</col>, <col>Falling off</col></mcol>,

etc. <cd>See <cref>To fall away</cref>, <cref>To fall off</cref>,

etc., under <er>Fall</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></cd> -- <col>Falling

band</col>, <cd>the plain, broad, linen collar turning down over

the doublet, worn in the early part of the 17th century.</cd> --

<col>Falling sickness</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>epilepsy.

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>Falling star</col>.

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Shooting star</er>.</cd> --

<col>Falling stone</col>, <cd>a stone falling through the

atmosphere; a meteorite; an a\'89rolite.</cd> -- <col>Falling

tide</col>, <cd>the ebb tide.</cd> -- <col>Falling weather</col>,

<cd>a rainy season. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Bartlett.</au></cd></cs>



<hw>Fal*lo"pi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Fallopius</ets>, or <ets>Fallopio</ets>, a physician of

Modena, who died in 1562.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, Fallopius; <as>as, the

<ex>Fallopian</ex> tubes or oviducts, the ducts or canals which

conduct the ova from the ovaries to the uterus</as>.</def>



<hw>Fal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fealu</ets>, <ets>fealo</ets>, pale yellow or red; akin to

D. <ets>vaal</ets> fallow, faded, OHG. <ets>falo</ets>, G.

<ets>falb</ets>, <ets>fahl</ets>, Icel. <ets>f\'94lr</ets>, and

prob. to Lith. <ets>palvas</ets>, OSlav. plav<?/ white, L.

<ets>pallidus</ets> pale, <ets>pallere</ets> to be pale, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ gray, Skr. <ets>palita</ets>. Cf.

<er>Pale</er>, <er>Favel</er>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<er>Favor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pale red or pale yellow;

<as>as, a <ex>fallow</ex> deer or greyhound</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fallow</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Left untilled or unsowed after plowing; uncultivated;

<as>as, <ex>fallow</ex> ground</as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Fallow chat</col>, <col>Fallow finch</col></mcol>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small European bird, the wheatear

(<spn>Saxicola \'91nanthe</spn>). See

<er>Wheatear</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fal"low</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from the

<ets>fallow</ets>, or somewhat yellow, color of naked ground; or

perh. akin to E. <ets>felly</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>, cf. MHG.

<ets>valgen</ets> to plow up, OHG. <ets>felga</ets> felly,

harrow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Plowed land.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Who . . . pricketh his blind horse over the

<qex>fallows</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Land that has lain a year or more untilled or

unseeded; land plowed without being sowed for the season.</def>



<q>The plowing of <qex>fallows</qex> is a benefit to land.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The plowing or tilling of land, without sowing

it for a season; <as>as, summer <ex>fallow</ex>, properly

conducted, has ever been found a sure method of destroying

weeds</as>.</def>



<q>Be a complete summer <qex>fallow</qex>, land is rendered

tender and mellow. The <qex>fallow</qex> gives it a better tilth

than can be given by a fallow crop.</q>

<qau>Sinclair.</qau>



<cs><col>Fallow crop</col>, <cd>the crop taken from a green

fallow.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Green

fallow</col></mcol>, <cd>fallow whereby land is rendered mellow

and clean from weeds, by cultivating some green crop, as turnips,

potatoes, etc. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fallowed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fallowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Fallow</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To plow, harrow, and break up, as land,

without seeding, for the purpose of destroying weeds and insects,

and rendering it mellow; <as>as, it is profitable to

<ex>fallow</ex> cold, strong, clayey land</as>.</def>



<hw>Fal"low deer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from its

<ets>fallow</ets> or pale yellow color.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European species of deer

(<spn>Cervus dama</spn>), much smaller than the red deer. In

summer both sexes are spotted with white. It is common in

England, where it is often domesticated in the parks.</def>



<hw>Fal"low*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

favors the practice of fallowing land.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sinclair.</au>



<hw>Fal"low*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A well or opening,

through the successive floors of a warehouse or manufactory,

through which goods are raised or lowered.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Fal"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>falsarius</ets>, fr. <ets>falsus</ets>. See <er>False</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A falsifier of evidence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sheldon.</au>



<hw>False</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Falser</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Falsest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>falsus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive; cf. OF.

<ets>faus</ets>, <ets>fals</ets>, F. <ets>faux</ets>, and AS.

<ets>fals</ets> fraud. See <er>Fail</er>, <er>Fall</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Uttering falsehood; unveracious; given to

deceit; dishnest; <as>as, a <ex>false</ex> witness</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not faithful or loyal, as to obligations,

allegiance, vows, etc.; untrue; treacherous; perfidious; <as>as,

a <ex>false</ex> friend, lover, or subject; <ex>false</ex> to

promises.</as></def>



<q>I to myself was <qex>false</qex>, ere thou to me.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not according with truth or reality; not true;

fitted or likely to deceive or disappoint; <as>as, a

<ex>false</ex> statement</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not genuine or real; assumed or designed to

deceive; counterfeit; hypocritical; <as>as, <ex>false</ex> tears;

<ex>false</ex> modesty; <ex>false</ex> colors; <ex>false</ex>

jewelry.</as></def>



<q><qex>False</qex> face must hide what the false heart doth

know.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not well founded; not firm or trustworthy;

erroneous; <as>as, a <ex>false</ex> claim; a <ex>false</ex>

conclusion; a <ex>false</ex> construction in grammar.</as></def>



<q>Whose <qex>false</qex> foundation waves have swept away.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Not essential or permanent, as parts of a

structure which are temporary or supplemental.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Not in tune.</def>



<cs><col>False arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a member having

the appearance of an arch, though not of arch construction.</cd>

-- <col>False attic</col>, <cd>an architectural erection above

the main cornice, concealing a roof, but not having windows or

inclosing rooms.</cd> -- <col>False bearing</col>, <cd>any

bearing which is not directly upon a vertical support; thus, the

weight carried by a corbel has a <xex>false bearing<xex>.</cd> --

<col>False cadence</col>, <cd>an imperfect or interrupted

cadence.</cd> -- <col>False conception</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,

<cd>an abnormal conception in which a mole, or misshapen fleshy

mass, is produced instead of a properly organized fetus.</cd> --

<col>False croup</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a spasmodic

affection of the larynx attended with the symptoms of membranous

croup, but unassociated with the deposit of a fibrinous

membrane.</cd> -- <mcol><col>False</col> <col>door <or/

window</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the representation of

a door or window, inserted to complete a series of doors or

windows or to give symmetry.</cd> -- <col>False fire</col>, <cd>a

combustible carried by vessels of war, chiefly for signaling, but

sometimes burned for the purpose of deceiving an enemy; also, a

light on shore for decoying a vessel to destruction.</cd> --

<col>False galena</col>. <cd>See <er>Blende</er>.</cd> --

<col>False imprisonment</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the arrest

and imprisonment of a person without warrant or cause, or

contrary to law; or the unlawful detaining of a person in

custody.</cd> -- <col>False keel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>the timber below the main keel, used to serve both as a

protection and to increase the shio's lateral resistance.</cd> --

<col>False key</col>, <cd>a picklock.</cd> -- <col>False

leg</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Proleg</er>.</cd> --

<col>False membrane</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the fibrinous

deposit formed in croup and diphtheria, and resembling in

appearance an animal membrane.</cd> -- <col>False papers</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>documents carried by a ship giving false

representations respecting her cargo, destination, ect., for the

purpose of deceiving.</cd> -- <col>False passage</col>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>an unnatural passage leading off from a

natural canal, such as the urethra, and produced usually by the

unskillful introduction of instruments.</cd> -- <col>False

personation</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the intentional false

assumption of the name and personality of another.</cd> --

<col>False pretenses</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>false

representations concerning past or present facts and events, for

the purpose of defrauding another.</cd> -- <col>False rail</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a thin piece of timber placed on top of

the head rail to strengthen it.</cd> -- <col>False relation</col>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a progression in harmony, in which a

certain note in a chord appears in the next chord prefixed by a

flat or sharp.</cd> -- <col>False return</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>an untrue return made to a process by the officer to whom it

was delivered for execution.</cd> -- <col>False ribs</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the asternal rebs, of which there are

five pairs in man.</cd> -- <col>False roof</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the space between the upper ceiling and

the roof. <au>Oxford Gloss</au>.</cd> -- <col>False token</col>,

<cd>a false mark or other symbol, used for fraudulent

purposes.</cd> -- <col>False scorpion</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any arachnid of the genus

<spn>Chelifer</spn>. See <er>Book scorpion</er>.</cd> --

<col>False tack</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a coming up into

the wind and filling away again on the same tack.</cd> --

<col>False vampire</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

<spn>Vampyrus spectrum</spn> of South America, formerly

erroneously supposed to have blood-sucking habits; -- called also

<altname>vampire</altname>, and <altname>ghost vampire</altname>.

The genuine blood-sucking bats belong to the genera

<spn>Desmodus</spn> and <spn>Diphylla</spn>. See

<er>Vampire</er>.</cd> -- <col>False window</col>.

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>False door</cref>, above.</cd>

-- <col>False wing</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Alula</er>, and <cref>Bastard wing</cref>, under

<er>Bastard</er>.</cd> -- <col>False works</col> <fld>(Civil

Engin.)</fld>, <cd>construction works to facilitate the erection

of the main work, as scaffolding, bridge centering,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>False</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Not truly; not honestly;

falsely.</def> \'bdYou play me <xex>false</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>False</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>falsare</ets> to

falsify, fr. <ets>falsus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fausser</ets>. See

<er>False</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To report

falsely; to falsify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To betray; to falsify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>[He] hath his truthe <qex>falsed</qex> in this wise.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mislead by want of truth; to deceive.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In his <qex>falsed</qex> fancy.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To feign; to pretend to make.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAnd <xex>falsed</xex> oft his blows.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>False"-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hypocritical.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>False"-heart`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>False-hearted.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>False"-heart`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hollow or unsound at

the core; treacherous; deceitful; perfidious.</def>

<au>Bacon</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>False"*heart`ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos> <au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au></wordforms>



<hw>False"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>False</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Want of truth or accuracy; an untrue assertion or

representation; error; misrepresentation; falsity.</def>



<q>Though it be a lie in the clock, it is but a

<qex>falsehood</qex> in the hand of the dial when pointing at a

wrong hour, if rightly following the direction of the wheel which

moveth it.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A deliberate intentional assertion of what is

known to be untrue; a departure from moral integrity; a

lie.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Treachery; deceit; perfidy;

unfaithfulness.</def>



<q>Betrayed by <qex>falsehood</qex> of his guard.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A counterfeit; a false appearance; an

imposture.</def>



<q>For his molten image is <qex>falsehood</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. x. 14.</qau>



<q>No <qex>falsehood</qex> can endure

Touch of celestial temper.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Falsity; lie; untruth; fiction; fabrication. See

<er>Falsity</er>.</syn>



<hw>False"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a false

manner; erroneously; not truly; perfidiously or

treacherously.</def> \'bdO <xex>falsely</xex>, <xex>falsely</xex>

murdered.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Oppositions of science, <qex>falsely</qex> so called.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. vi. 20.</qau>



<q>Will ye steal, murder . . . and swear <qex>falsely</qex> ?</q>

<qau>Jer. vii. 9.</qau>



<hw>False"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being false;

contrariety to the fact; inaccuracy; want of integrity or

uprightness; double dealing; unfaithfulness; treachery; perfidy;

<as>as, the <ex>falseness</ex> of a report, a drawing, or a

singer's notes; the <ex>falseness</ex> of a man, or of his

word.</as></def>



<hw>Fals"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

deceiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fal*set"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Falsettos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It.

<ets>falsetto</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>falsus</ets>. See

<er>False</er>.]</ety> <def>A false or artificial voice; that

voice in a man which lies above his natural voice; the male

counter tenor or alto voice. See <cref>Head voice</cref>, under

<er>Voice</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fal"si*cri"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>The crime of falsifying.</def>



<note><hand/ This term in the Roman law included not only

forgery, but every species of fraud and deceit. It never has been

used in so extensive a sense in modern common law, in which its

predominant significance is forgery, though it also includes

perjury and offenses of a like character.</note>



<au>Burrill. Greenleaf.</au>



<hw>Fal"si*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>falsifiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

falsified, counterfeited, or corrupted.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fal`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>falsification</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

falsifying, or making false; a counterfeiting; the giving to a

thing an appearance of something which it is not.</def>



<q>To counterfeit the living image of king in his person

exceedeth all <qex>falsifications</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Willful misstatement or misrepresentation.</def>



<q>Extreme necessity . . . forced him upon this bold and violent

<qex>falsification</qex> of the doctrine of the alliance.</q>

<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Equity)</fld> <def>The showing an item of

charge in an account to be wrong.</def>



<au>Story.</au>



<hw>Fal"si*fi*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>falsificateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A falsifier.</def>



<au>Bp. Morton.</au>



<hw>Fal"si*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

falsifies, or gives to a thing a deceptive appearance; a

liar.</def>



<hw>Fal"si*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Falsified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Falsifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>falsus</ets>

false + <ets>-ly</ets>: cf. F. <ets>falsifier</ets>. See

<er>False</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

false; to represent falsely.</def>



<q>The Irish bards use to forge and <qex>falsify</qex> everything

as they list, to please or displease any man.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To counterfeit; to forge; <as>as, to

<ex>falsify</ex> coin</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To prove to be false, or untrustworthy; to

confute; to disprove; to nullify; to make to appear false.</def>



<q>By how much better than my word I am,

By so much shall I <qex>falsify</qex> men's hope.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Jews and Pagans united all their endeavors, under Julian the

apostate, to baffie and <qex>falsify</qex> the prediction.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To violate; to break by falsehood; <as>as, to

<ex>falsify</ex> one's faith or word</as>.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To baffie or escape; <as>as, to <ex>falsify</ex>

a blow</as>.</def>



<au>Bulter.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To avoid or defeat; to prove

false, as a judgment.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Equity)</fld> <def>To show, in accounting, (an

inem of charge inserted in an account) to be wrong.</def>



<au>Story. Daniell.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To make false by multilation or addition; to

tamper with; <as>as, to <ex>falsify</ex> a record or

document</as>.</def>



<hw>Fal"si*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To tell lies; to

violate the truth.</def>



<q>It is absolutely and universally unlawful to lie and

<qex>falsify</qex>.</q>



<q>South.</q>



<hw>Fals"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is

evidently false; an assertion or statement the falsity of which

is plainly apparent; -- opposed to <xex>truism</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fal"si*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.

<plw>Falsities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>falsitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fausset\'82</ets>, OF. also,

<ets>falsit\'82</ets>. See <er>False</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being false; coutrariety or want

of conformity to truth.</def>



<q>Probability does not make any alteration, either in the truth

or <qex>falsity</qex> of things.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is false; falsehood; a lie; a false

assertion.</def>



<q>Men often swallow <qex>falsities</qex> for truths.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Brown.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Falsehood; lie; deceit.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Falsity</er>, <er>Falsehood</er>, <er>Lie</er>.

<xex>Falsity</xex> denotes the state or quality of being false. A

<xex>falsehood</xex> is a false declaration designedly made. A

<xex>lie</xex> is a gross, unblushing falsehood. The

<xex>falsity</xex> of a person's assertion may be proved by the

evidence of others and thus the charge of <xex>falsehood</xex> be

fastened upon him.</usage>



<hw>Fal"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To thrash in

the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Fal"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Faltered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Faltering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>falteren</ets>, <ets>faltren</ets>, prob. from

<ets>fault</ets>. See <er>Fault</er>, <ets>v</ets>. &

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hesitate; to speak

brokenly or weakly; to stammer; <as>as, his tongue

<ex>falters</ex></as>.</def>



<q>With <qex>faltering</qex> speech and visage incomposed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tremble; to totter; to be unsteady.</def>

\'bdHe found his legs <xex>falter</xex>.\'b8



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hesitate in purpose or action.</def>



<q>Ere her native king

Shall <qex>falter</qex> under foul rebellion's arms.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fail in distinctness or regularity of

exercise; -- said of the mind or of thought.</def>



<q>Here indeed the power of disinct conception of space and

distance <qex>falters</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Fal"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter with hesitation,

or in a broken, trembling, or weak manner.</def>



<q>And here he <qex>faltered</qex> forth his last farewell.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>Mde me most happy, <qex>faltering</qex> \'bdI am

thine.\'b8</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<-- p. 541 -->



<hw>Fal"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Falter</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Hesitation;

trembling; feebleness; an uncertain or broken sound; <as>as, a

slight <ex>falter</ex> in her voice</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>falter</qex> of an idle shepherd's pipe.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<hw>Fal"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hesitating;

trembling.</def> \'bdWith <xex>faltering</xex> speech.\'b8

<au>Milton</au>. -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Falter; halting;

hesitation.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Fal"ter*ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Fa`luns"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A series of strata, of the Middle

Tertiary period, of France, abounding in shells, and used by

Lyell as the type of his Miocene subdivision.</def>



<hw>Fal"we</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>Fallow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Falx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

sickle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A curved fold or process

of the dura mater or the peritoneum; esp., one of the

partitionlike folds of the dura mater which extend into the great

fissures of the brain.</def>



<hw>Fam"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>falmelen</ets>; cf. SW. <ets>famla</ets> to grope, Dan.

<ets>famle</ets> to grope, falter, hesitate, Isel.

<ets>f\'belma</ets> to grope. Cf. <er>Famble</er>.]</ety> <def>To

stammer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Fam"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Famble</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hand</def> <mark>[Slang &

Obs.]</mark> \'bdWe clap our <xex>fambles</xex>.\'b8



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Fame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fame</ets>, L. <ets>fama</ets>, fr. <ets>fari</ets> to

speak, akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a saying, report, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/

to speak. See <er>Ban</er>, and cf. <er>Fable</er>,

<er>Fate</er>, <er>Euphony</er>, <er>Blame</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Public report or rumor.</def>



<q>The <qex>fame</qex> thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house.</q>

<qau>Gen. xlv. 16.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Report or opinion generally diffused; renown;

public estimation; celebrity, either favorable or unfavorable;

<as>as, the <ex>fame</ex> of Washington</as>.</def>



<q>I find thou art no less than <qex>fame</qex> hath bruited.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Notoriety; celebrity; renown; reputation.</syn>



<hw>Fame</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Famed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Faming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To report widely

or honorably.</def>



<q>The field where thou art <qex>famed</qex>

To have wrought such wonders.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make famous or renowned.</def>



<q>Those Hesperian gardens <qex>famed</qex> of old.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fame"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without fame or

renown.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fame"less*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fa*mil`iar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>familer</ets>, <ets>familier</ets>, F. <ets>familier</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>familiaris</ets>, fr. <ets>familia</ets> family. See

<er>Family</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a

family; domestic.</def> \'bd<xex>Familiar</xex> feuds.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Closely acquainted or intimate, as a friend or

companion; well versed in, as any subject of study; <as>as,

<ex>familiar</ex> with the Scriptures</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Characterized by, or exhibiting, the manner of

an intimate friend; not formal; unconstrained; easy;

accessible.</def> \'bdIn loose, <xex>familiar</xex> strains.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>Be thou <qex>familiar</qex>, but by no means vulgar.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Well known; well understood; common; frequent;

<as>as, a <ex>familiar</ex> illustration</as>.</def>



<q>That war, or peace, or both at once, may be

As things acquainted and <qex>familiar</qex> to us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>There is nothing more <qex>familiar</qex> than this.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Improperly acquainted; wrongly intimate.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<cs><col>Familiar spirit</col>, <cd>a demon or evil spirit

supposed to attend at call.</cd></cs>



<au>1 Sam. xxviii. 3, 7-9.</au>



<hw>Fa*mil"iar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An intimate;

a companion.</def>



<q>All my <qex>familiars</qex> watched for my halting.</q>

<qau>Jer. xx. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An attendant demon or evil spirit.</def>



<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Court of Inquisition)</fld> <def>A confidential

officer employed in the service of the tribunal, especially in

apprehending and imprisoning the accused.</def>



<hw>Fa*mil`iar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Familiarities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>familarite</ets>, F. <ets>familiarit\'82</ets>fr.  L.

<ets>faniliaritas</ets>. See <er>Familiar</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being familiar; intimate and

frequent converse, or association; unconstrained intercourse;

freedom from ceremony and constraint; intimacy; <as>as, to live

in remarkable <ex>familiarity</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything said or done by one person to another

unceremoniously and without constraint; esp., in the

<pluf>pl.</pluf>, such actions and words as propriety and

courtesy do not warrant; liberties.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Acquaintance; fellowship; affability; intimacy. See

<er>Acquaintance</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fa*mil`iar*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The act or process of making familiar; the result of

becoming familiar; <as>as, <ex>familiarization</ex> with scenes

of blood</as>.</def>



<hw>Fa*mil"iar*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Familiarized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Familiarizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>familiariser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make familiar

or intimate; to habituate; to accustom; to make well known by

practice or converse; <as>as, to <ex>familiarize</ex> one's self

with scenes of distress</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make acquainted, or skilled, by practice or

study; <as>as, to <ex>familiarize</ex> one's self with a

business, a book, or a science</as>.</def>



<hw>Fa"mil"iar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a familiar

manner.</def>



<hw>Fa*mil"iar*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Familiarity.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fa*mil"ia*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>familiaris</ets>. See <er>Familiar</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to a family or household; domestic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fam"i*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The tenets

of the Familists.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fam"i*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Family</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of

afanatical Antinomian sect originating in Holland, and existing

in England about 1580, called the <xex>Family of Love</xex>, who

held that religion consists wholly in love.</def>



<hw>Fam"i*lis*ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Familisteries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[F.

<ets>familist\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>A community in which many

persons unite as in one family, and are regulated by certain

communistic laws and customs.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fam`i*listic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Fam`i*lis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to Familists.</def>



<au>Baxter.</au>



<hw>Fam"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Families</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>familia</ets>, fr. <ets>famulus</ets> servant; akin to Oscan

<ets>famel</ets> servant, cf. <ets>faamat</ets> he dwells, Skr.

<ets>dh\'beman</ets> house, fr. <ets>dh\'be</ets>to set, make,

do: cf. F. <ets>famille</ets>. Cf. <er>Do</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,

<er>Doom</er>, <er>Fact</er>, <er>Feat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The collective body of persons who live in one house, and

under one head or manager; a household, including parents,

children, and servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or

boarders.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The group comprising a husband and wife and

their dependent children, constituting a fundamental unit in the

organization of society.</def>



<q>The welfare of the <qex>family</qex> underlies the welfare of

society.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Those who descend from one common progenitor; a

tribe, clan, or race; kindred; house; <as>as, the human

<ex>family</ex>; the <ex>family</ex> of Abraham; the father of a

<ex>family</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Go ! and pretennd your <qex>family</qex> is young.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors;

lineage.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock;

<as>as, a man of <ex>family</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A groupe of kindred or closely related

individuals; <as>as, a <ex>family</ex> of languages; a

<ex>family</ex> of States; the chlorine

<ex>family</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A groupe of organisms, either

animal or vegetable, related by certain points of resemblance in

structure or development, more comprehensive than a genus,

because it is usually based on fewer or less pronounced points of

likeness. In zo\'94logy a family is less comprehesive than an

order; in botany it is often considered the same thing as an

order.</def>



<cs><col>Family circle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Circle</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Family man</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A man who has a

family; esp., one who has a wife and children living with him

andd dependent upon him.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A man of domestic

habits. \'bdThe Jews are generally, when married, most exemplary

<xex>family men<xex>.\'b8 <au>Mayhew</au>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Family of</col> <col>curves <or/ surfaces</col></mcol>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a group of curves or surfaces derived

from a single equation.</cd> -- <col>In a family way</col>,

<cd>like one belonging to the family. \'bdWhy don't we ask him

and his ladies to come over <xex>in a family way<xex>, and dine

with some other plain country gentlefolks?\'b8

<au>Thackeray</au>.</cd> -- <col>In the family way</col>,

<cd>pregnant. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fam"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>famine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fames</ets> hunger; cf. Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ want, need, Skr. <ets>h\'beni</ets> loss, lack,

<ets>h\'be</ets> to leave.]</ety> <def>General scarcity of food;

dearth; a want of provisions; destitution.</def> \'bdWorn with

<xex>famine</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>There was a <qex>famine</qex> in the land.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxvi. 1.</qau>



<cs><col>Famine fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>typhus

fever.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fam"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Famished</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Famishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>famen</ets>; cf.

OF. <ets>afamer</ets>, L. <ets>fames</ets>. See <er>Famine</er>,

and cf. <er>Affamish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To starve,

kill, or destroy with hunger.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exhaust the strength or endurance of, by

hunger; to distress with hanger.</def>



<q>And when all the land of Egypt was <qex>famished</qex>, the

people cried to Pharaoh for bread.</q>

<qau>Cen. xli. 55.</qau>



<q>The pains of <qex>famished</qex> Tantalus he'll feel.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To kill, or to cause to suffer extremity, by

deprivation or denial of anything necessary.</def>



<q>And <qex>famish</qex> him of breath, if not of bread.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To force or constrain by famine.</def>



<q>He had <qex>famished</qex> Paris into a surrender.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Fam"ish</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To die of

hunger; to starve.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To suffer extreme hunger or thirst, so as to be

exhausted in strength, or to come near to perish.</def>



<q>You are all resolved rather to die than to

<qex>famish</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To suffer extremity from deprivation of anything

essential or necessary.</def>



<q>The Lord will not suffer the soul of the righteous to

<qex>famish</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prov. x. 3.</qau>



<hw>Fam"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of

being famished.</def>



<hw>Fa*mos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>famositas</ets> infamy: cf. F. <ets>famosit\'82</ets>. See

<er>Famous</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being

famous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fa"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>famosus</ets>, fr. <ets>fama</ets> fame: cf. F.

<ets>fameux</ets>. See <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <def>Celebrated in

fame or public report; renowned; mach talked of; distinguished in

story; -- used in either a good or a bad sense, chiefly the

former; often followed by <xex>for</xex>; <as>as, <ex>famous</ex>

for erudition, for eloquence, for military skill; a

<ex>famous</ex> pirate.</as></def>



<q><qex>Famous</qex> for a scolding tongue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Noted; remarkable; signal; conspicuous; celebrated;

renowned; illustrious; eminent; transcendent; excellent.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Famous</er>, <er>Renowned</er>,

<er>Illustrious</er>. <xex>Famous</xex> is applied to a person or

thing widely spoken of as extraordinary; <xex>renowned</xex> is

applied to those who are named again and again with honor;

<xex>illustrious</xex>, to those who have dazzled the world by

the splendor of their deeds or their virtues. See

<er>Distinguished</er>.</usage>



<hw>Fa"moused</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Renowned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fa"mous*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

famous manner; in a distinguished degree; greatly;

splendidly.</def>



<q>Then this land was <qex>famously</qex> enriched

With politic grave counsel.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fa"mous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

famous.</def>



<hw>Fam"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>famularis</ets> of servants.]</ety> <def>Domestic;

familiar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fam"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>famulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>famulari</ets> to serve, fr.

<ets>famulus</ets> servant.]</ety> <def>To serve.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fam"u*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>famulus</ets> servant.]</ety> <def>A collegian of inferior

rank or position, corresponding to the <xex>sizar</xex> at

Cambridge.</def> <mark>[Oxford Univ., Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Fan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fann</ets>, fr. L. <ets>vannus</ets> fan, van for winnowing

grain; cf. F. <ets>van</ets>. Cf. <er>Van</er> a winnowing

machine, <er>Winnow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument

used for producing artificial currents of air, by the wafting or

revolving motion of a broad surface</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>An instrument for cooling the person, made of feathers,

paper, silk, etc., and often mounted on sticks all turning about

the same pivot, so as when opened to radiate from the center and

assume the figure of a section of a circle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Any revolving vane or vanes used for

producing currents of air, in winnowing grain, blowing a fire,

ventilation, etc., or for checking rapid motion by the resistance

of the air; a fan blower; a fan wheel.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An

instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is

tossed and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown

away</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Something in the form of a fan when

spread, as a peacock's tail, a window, etc.</def> <sd>(e)</sd>

<def>A small vane or sail, used to keep the large sails of a

smock windmill always in the direction of the wind.</def>



<q>Clean provender, which hath been winnowed with the shovel and

with the <qex>fan</qex>.</q>

<qau>Is. xxx. 24.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which produces effects analogous to those

of a fan, as in exciting a flame, etc.; that which inflames,

heightens, or strengthens; <as>as, it served as a <ex>fan</ex> to

the flame of his passion</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A quintain; -- from its form.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Fan blower</col>, <cd>a wheel with vanes fixed on a

rotating shaft inclosed in a case or chamber, to create a blast

of air (<xex>fan blast<xex>) for forge purposes, or a current for

draft and ventilation; a fanner.</cd> -- <col>Fan cricket</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a mole cricket.</cd> -- <col>Fan

light</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a window over a door; -- so

called from the semicircular form and radiating sash bars of

those windows which are set in the circular heads of arched

doorways.</cd> -- <col>Fan shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>any shell of the family <spn>Pectinid\'91</spn>. See

<er>Scallop</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Fan

tracery</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the decorative tracery on

the surface of fan vaulting.</cd> -- <col>Fan vaulting</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an elaborate system of vaulting, in which

the ribs diverge somewhat like the rays of a fan, as in Henry

VII.'s chapel in Westminster Abbey. It is peculiar to English

Gothic.</cd> -- <col>Fan wheel</col>, <cd>the wheel of a fan

blower.</cd> -- <col>Fan window</col>. <cd>Same as <xex>Fan

light<xex> (above).</cd></cs>



<hw>Fan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Fanned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fanning</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>vanner</ets>, L. <ets>vannere</ets>. See <er>Fan</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Van</er> a winnowing machine.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To move as with a fan.</def>



<q>The air . . . <qex>fanned</qex> with unnumbered plumes.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cool and refresh, by moving the air with a

fan; to blow the air on the face of with a fan.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To ventilate; to blow on; to affect by air put

in motion.</def>



<q>Calm as the breath which <qex>fans</qex> our eastern

groves.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To winnow; to separate chaff from, and drive it

away by a current of air; <as>as, to <ex>fan</ex>

wheat</as>.</def>



<au>Jer. li. 2.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To excite or stir up to activity, as a fan

axcites a flame; to stimulate; <as>as, this conduct

<ex>fanned</ex> the excitement of the populace</as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Fanning machine</col>, <or/ <col>Fanning

mill</col></mcol>, <cd>a machine for separating seed from chaff,

etc., by a blast of air; a fanner.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Fa`nal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A lighthouse, or the apparatus placed in it for giving

light.</def>



<hw>Fa*nat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fanaticus</ets> inspired by divinity, enthusiastic, frantic,

fr. <ets>fanum</ets> fane: cf. F. <ets>fanatique</ets>. See

<er>Fane</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or indicating,

fanaticism; extravagant in opinions; ultra; unreasonable;

excessively enthusiastic, especially on religious subjects;

<as>as, <ex>fanatic</ex> zeal; <ex>fanatic</ex>

notions.</as></def>



<q>But Faith, <qex>fanatic</qex> Faith, once wedded fast

To some dear falsehood, hugs it to the last.</q>

<qau>T. Moore.</qau>



<hw>Fa*nat"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person affected by

excessive enthusiasm, particularly on religious subjects; one who

indulges wild and extravagant notions of religion.</def>



<q>There is a new word, coined within few months, called

<qex>fanatics</qex>, which, by the close stickling thereof,

seemeth well cut out and proportioned to signify what is meant

thereby, even the sectaries of our age.</q>

<qau>Fuller (1660).</qau>



<q><qex>Fanatics</qex> are governed rather by imagination than by

judgment.</q>

<qau>Stowe.</qau>



<hw>Fa*nat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characteristic of, or relating to, fanaticism;

fanatic.</def> -<wordforms><wf>Fa*nat"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Fa*nat"ic*al*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fa*nat"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Fanatism</er>.]</ety> <def>Excessive enthusiasm, unreasoning

zeal, or wild and extravagant notions, on any subject, especially

religion; religious frenzy.</def><-- and politics, terrorism -->



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Superstition</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fa*nat"i*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fanaticized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fanaticizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to become a

fanatic.</def>



<hw>Fan"a*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fanatisme</ets>. Cf. <er>Fanaticism</er>.]</ety>

<def>Fanaticism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gibbon.</au>



<hw>Fan"cied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fancy</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Formed or conceived

by the fancy; unreal; <as>as, a <ex>fancied</ex>

wrong</as>.</def>



<hw>Fan"ci*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who is governed by fancy.</def> \'bdNot reasoners, but

<xex>fanciers</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who fancies or has a special liking for, or

interest in, a particular object or class or objects; hence, one

who breeds and keeps for sale birds and animals; <as>as, bird

<ex>fancier</ex>, dog <ex>fancier</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<hw>Fan"ci*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of fancy; guided by fancy, rather than by reason and

experience; whimsical; <as>as, a <ex>fanciful</ex> man forms

visionary projects</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conceived in the fancy; not consistent with

facts or reason; abounding in ideal qualities or figures; <as>as,

a <ex>fanciful</ex> scheme; a <ex>fanciful</ex>

theory.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Curiously shaped or constructed; <as>as, she

wore a <ex>fanciful</ex> headdress</as>.</def>



<q>Gather up all <qex>fancifullest</qex> shells.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious;

chimerical; whimsical; fantastical; wild.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Fanciful</er>, <er>Fantastical</er>, <er>Visionary</er>. We

speak of that as <xex>fanciful</xex> which is irregular in taste

and judgment; we speak of it as <xex>fantastical</xex> when it

becomes grotesque and extravagant as well as irregular; we speak

of it as <xex>visionary</xex> when it is wholly unfounded in the

nature of things. <xex>Fanciful</xex> notions are the product of

a heated fancy, without any tems are made up of oddly assorted

fancies, aften of the most whimsical kind; <xex>visionary</xex>

expectations are those which can never be realized in

fact.</usage>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fan"ci*ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

-<wf>Fan"ci*ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<-- p. 542 -->



<hw>Fan"*ci*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

fancy; without ideas or imagination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A pert or bluff important wight,

Whose brain is <qex>fanciless</qex>, whose blood is white.</q>

<qau>Armstrong.</qau>



<hw>Fan"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fancies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Contr. fr.

<ets>fantasy</ets>, OF. <ets>fantasie</ets>,

<ets>fantaisie</ets>, F. <ets>fantaisie</ets>, L.

<ets>phantasia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/

appearance, imagination, the power of perception and presentation

in the mind, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to make visible, to

place before one's mind, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to show; akin

to <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, light, Skr. <ets>bh\'be</ets>to

shine. Cf. <er>Fantasy</er>, <er>Fantasia</er>,

<er>Epiphany</er>, <er>Phantom</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

faculty by which the mind forms an image or a representation of

anything perceived before; the power of combining and modifying

such objects into new pictures or images; the power of readily

and happily creating and recalling such objects for the purpose

of amusement, wit, or embellishment; imagination.</def>



<q>In the soul

Are many lesser faculties, that serve

Reason as chief. Among these <qex>fancy</qex> next

Her office holds.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An image or representation of anything formed in

the mind; conception; thought; idea; conceit.</def>



<q>How now, my lord ! why do you keep alone,

Of sorriest <qex>fancies</qex> your companoins making ?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An opinion or notion formed without much

reflection; caprice; whim; impression.</def>



<q>I have always had a <qex>fancy</qex> that learning might be

made a play and recreation to children.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Inclination; liking, formed by caprice rather

than reason; <as>as, to strike one's <ex>fancy</ex></as>; hence,

the object of inclination or liking.</def>



<q>To fit your fancies to your father's will.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which pleases or entertains the taste or

caprice without much use or value.</def>



<q>London pride is a pretty <qex>fancy</qex> for borders.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A sort of love song or light impromptu

ballad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>The fancy</col>, <cd>all of a class who exhibit and

cultivate any peculiar taste or fancy; hence, especially,

sporting characters taken collectively, or any specific class of

them, as jockeys, gamblers, prize fighters, etc.</cd></cs>



<q>At a great book sale in London, which had congregated all

<qex>the fancy</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Imagination; conceit; taste; humor; inclination;

whim; liking. See <er>Imagination</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fan"cy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fancied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fancying</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To figure to one's self; to believe or imagine

something without proof.</def>



<q>If our search has reached no farther than simile and metaphor,

we rather <qex>fancy</qex> than know.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fan"cy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form a

conception of; to portray in the mind; to imagine.</def>



<q>He whom I <qex>fancy</qex>, but can ne'er express.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a fancy for; to like; to be pleased

with, particularly on account of external appearance or

manners.</def> \'bdWe <xex>fancy</xex> not the cardinal.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To believe without sufficient evidence; to

imagine (something which is unreal).</def>



<q>He <qex>fancied</qex> he was welcome, because those arounde

him were his kinsmen.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Fan"cy</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Adapted to please

the fancy or taste; ornamental; <as>as, <ex>fancy</ex>

goods</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Extravagant; above real value.</def>



<q>This anxiety never degenerated into a monomania, like that

which led his [Frederick the Great's] father to pay

<qex>fancy</qex> prices for giants.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Fancy ball</col>, <cd>a ball in which porsons appear in

fanciful dresses in imitation of the costumes of different

persons and nations.</cd> -- <col>Fancy fair</col>, <cd>a fair at

which articles of fancy and ornament are sold, generally for some

charitable purpose.</cd> -- <col>Fancy goods</col>, <cd>fabrics

of various colors, patterns, etc., as ribbons, silks, laces,

etc., in distinction from those of a simple or plain color or

make.</cd> -- <col>Fancy line</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a

line rove through a block at the jaws of a gaff; -- used to haul

it down.</cd> <col>Fancy roller</col></mcol> <fld>(Carding

Machine)</fld>, <cd>a clothed cylinder (usually having straight

teeth) in front of the doffer.</cd> -- <col>Fancy stocks</col>,

<cd>a species of stocks which afford great opportunity for stock

gambling, since they have no intrinsic value, and the

fluctuations in their prices are artificial.</cd> -- <col>Fancy

store</col>, <cd>one where articles of fancy and ornament are

sold.</cd> -- <col>Fancy woods</col>, <cd>the more rare and

expensive furniture woods, as mahogany, satinwood, rosewood,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fan"cy-free`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from

the power of love.</def> \'bdIn maiden meditation,

<xex>fancy-free</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fan"cy*mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

lovemonger; a whimsical lover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fan"cy-sick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Love-sick.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fan"cy*work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ornamental

work with a needle or hook, as embroidery, crocheting, netting,

etc.</def>



<hw>Fand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Find</er>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fan*dan"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fandangoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp. A name

brought, together with the dance, from the West Indies to

Spain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lively dance, in 3-8 or 6-8

time, much practiced in Spain and Spanish America. Also, the tune

to which it is danced.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ball or general dance, as in Mexico.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fanum</ets> a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary,

fr. <ets>fari</ets> to speak. See <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <def>A

temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church.</def>

<mark>[Poet.]</mark>



<q>Such to this British Isle, her Christian <qex>fanes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Fane</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Vane</er>.]</ety>

<def>A weathercock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fa*ne"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A dry measure in Spain and Spanish America,

varying from 1<?/ to 2<?/ bushels; also, a measure of land.</def>



<au>De Colange.</au>



<hw>Fan"fare`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf.

<er>Fanfaron</er>.]</ety> <def>A flourish of trumpets, as in

coming into the lists, etc.; also, a short and lively air

performed on hunting horns during the chase.</def>



<q>The <qex>fanfare</qex> announcing the arrival of the various

Christian princes.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fan"fa*ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

Sp. <ets>fanfarron</ets>; cf. It. <ets>fanfano</ets>, and OSp.

<ets>fanfa</ets> swaggering, boasting, also Ar.

<ets>farf\'ber</ets> talkative.]</ety> <def>A bully; a hector; a

swaggerer; an empty boaster.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fan*far`on*ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fanfaronnade</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>fanfarronada</ets>. See

<er>Fanfaron</er>.]</ety> <def>A swaggering; vain boasting;

ostentation; a bluster.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Fan"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of gecko having

the toes expanded into large lobes for adhesion. The Egyptian

fanfoot (<spn>Phyodactylus gecko</spn>) is believed, by the

natives, to have venomous toes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any moth

of the genus <spn>Polypogon</spn>.</def>



<hw>Fang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fangen</ets>, <ets>fongen</ets>, <ets>fon</ets>

(<ets>g</ets> orig. only in p.p. and imp. tense), AS.

<ets>f<?/n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vangen</ets>, OHG.

<ets>f\'behan</ets>, G. <ets>fahen</ets>, <ets>fangen</ets>,

Isel. <ets>f\'be</ets>, Sw. <ets>f<?/</ets>, <ets>f<?/nga</ets>,

Dan. <ets>fange</ets>, <ets>faae</ets>, Goth. <ets>fahan</ets>,

and prob. to E. <ets>fair</ets>, <ets>peace</ets>,

<ets>pact</ets>. Cf. <er>Fair</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To catch; to seize, as with the teeth; to lay

hold of; to gripe; to clutch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>He's in the law's clutches; you see he's

<qex>fanged</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Webster.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enable to catch or tear; to furnish with

fangs.</def> \'bdChariots <xex>fanged</xex> with scythes.\'b8



<au>Philips.</au>



<hw>Fang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Fang</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>; cf. AS. <ets>fang</ets> a taking, booty, G.

<ets>fang</ets>.]</ety></wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tusk of an animal, by which the

prey is seized and held or torn; a long pointed tooth; esp., one

of the usually erectile, venomous teeth of serpents. Also, one of

the falcers of a spider.</def>



<q>Since I am a dog, beware my <qex>fangs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any shoot or other thing by which hold is

taken.</def>



<q>The protuberant <qex>fangs</qex> of the yucca.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The root, or one of the

branches of the root, of a tooth. See <er>Tooth</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A niche in the side of an

adit or shaft, for an air course.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A projecting tooth or prong,

as in a part of a lock, or the plate of a belt clamp, or the end

of a tool, as a chisel, where it enters the handle.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The valve of a

pump box.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bend or loop of a rope.</def>



<cs><col>In a fang</col>, <cd>fast entangled.</cd> -- <col>To

lose the fang</col>, <cd>said of a pump when the water has gone

out</cd>; hence: <col>To fang a pump</col>, <cd>to supply it with

the water necessary to make it operate.

<mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fanged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having fangs or

tusks; <as>as, a <ex>fanged</ex> adder</as>. Also used

figuratively.</def>



<hw>Fan"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fang</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>; hence, prop., a taking up a new

thing.]</ety> <def>Something new-fashioned; a foolish innovation;

a gewgaw; a trifling ornament.</def>



<hw>Fan"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fashion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To control and new <qex>fangle</qex> the Scripture.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fan"gled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>New made;

hence, gaudy; showy; vainly decorated. <mark>[Obs., except with

the prefix <it>new</it>.]</mark> See <er>Newfangled</er>.</def>

\'bdOur <xex>fangled</xex> world.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fan"gle*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of

being fangled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He them in new <qex>fangleness</qex> did pass.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fang"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

fangs or tusks.</def> \'bdA <xex>fangless</xex> lion.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fan"got</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.

<ets>fagotto</ets>, <ets>fangotto</ets>, a bundle. Cf.

<er>Fagot</er>.]</ety> <def>A quantity of wares, as raw silk,

etc., from one hundred weight.</def>



<hw>Fan"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fanon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small

flag sometimes carried at the head of the baggage of a

brigade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small flag for marking the stations in

surveying.</def>



<hw>Fan"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a

fan; -- specifically <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, folded up like a fan, as

certain leaves; plicate.</def>



<hw>Fan"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim., from

same source as <ets>fanon</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Fanon</er>.</def>



<hw>Fan"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who fans.</def>



<au>Jer. li. 2.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fan wheel; a fan blower. See under

<er>Fan</er>.</def>



<hw>Fan"*nerved`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot. &

Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the nerves or veins arranged in a

radiating manner; -- said of certain leaves, and of the winfs of

some insects.</def>



<hw>Fan"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fanon</ets>, LL. <ets>fano</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>fano</ets>

banner cloth, G. <ets>fahne</ets> banner. See <er>Vane</er>, and

cf. <er>Fanion</er>, <er>Confalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>

<def>A term applied to various articles, as: <sd>(a)</sd> A

peculiar striped scarf worn by the pope at mass, and by eastern

bishops. <sd>(b)</sd> A maniple.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>fannel</asp>, <asp>phanon</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<hw>Fan" palm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any palm

tree having fan-shaped or radiate leaves; as the

<spn>Cham\'91rops humilis</spn> of Southern Europe; the species

of <spn>Sabal</spn> and <spn>Thrinax</spn> in the West Indies,

Florida, etc.; and especially the great talipot tree

(<spn>Corypha umbraculifera</spn>) of Ceylon and Malaya. The

leaves of the latter are often eighteen feet long and fourteen

wide, and are used for umbrellas, tents, and roofs. When cut up,

they are used for books and manuscripts.</def>



<hw>Fan"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A variety of the domestic pigeon, so called

from the shape of the tail.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any bird of

the Australian genus <spn>Rhipidura</spn>, in which the tail is

spread in the form of a fan during flight. They belong to the

family of flycatchers.</def>



<hw>Fan"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an expanded, or fan-shaped,

tail; <as>as, the <ex>fan-tailed</ex> pigeon</as>.</def>



<hw>Fan*ta"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See

<er>Fancy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A continuous

composition, not divided into what are called movements, or

governed by the ordinary rules of musical design, but in which

the author's fancy roves unrestricted by set form.</def>



<hw>Fan"ta*sied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fantasy</er>.]</ety> <def>Filled with fancies or

imaginations.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fan"tasm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Phantasm</er>, <er>Fancy</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Phantasm</er>.</def>



<hw>Fan"tast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose

manners or ideas are fantastic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Fan*tas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fantastique</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/

able to represent, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to make

visible. See <er>Fancy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Existing

only in imagination; fanciful; imaginary; not real;

chimerical.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the nature of a phantom; unreal.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Indulging the vagaries of imagination;

whimsical; full of absurd fancies; capricious; <as>as,

<ex>fantastic</ex> minds; a <ex>fantastic</ex>

mistress.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Resembling fantasies in irregularity, caprice,

or eccentricity; irregular; oddly shaped; grotesque.</def>



<q>There at the foot of yonder nodding beech,

That wreathes its old <qex>fantastic</qex> roots so high.</q>

<qau>T. Gray.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Fanciful; imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious;

chimerical; whimsical; queer. See <er>Fanciful</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fan*tas"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person given to

fantastic dress, manners, etc.; an eccentric person; a fop.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Our <qex>fantastics</qex>, who, having a fine watch, take all

ocasions to drow it out to be seen.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Fan*tas"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fanciful; unreal; whimsical; capricious; fantastic.</def>



<hw>Fan*tas`ti*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Fantastically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fan*tas"tic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

a fantastic manner.</def>



<q>the letter A, in scarlet, <qex>fantastically</qex> embroidered

with gold thread, upon her bosom.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Fan*tas"tic-al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being fantastic.</def>



<hw>Fan*tas"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being fantastical; fancifulness; whimsicality.</def>



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<hw>Fan*tas"tic*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Fantastically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fan*tas"tic*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Fantasticalness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fan*tas"tic*co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A fantastic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fan"ta*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fantasies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See

<er>Fancy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fancy; imagination;

especially, a whimsical or fanciful conception; a vagary of the

imagination; whim; caprice; humor.</def>



<q>Is not this something more than <qex>fantasy</qex> ?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A thousand <qex>fantasies</qex>

Being to throng into my memory.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fantastic designs.</def>



<q>Embroidered with <qex>fantasies</qex> and flourishes of gold

thread.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Fan"ta*sy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To have a fancy for; to

be pleased with; to like; to fancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cavendish.</au>



<q>Which he doth most <qex>fantasy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fan`toc*ci"ni</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[It., dim. fr. <ets>fante</ets> child.]</ety> <def>Puppets

caused to perform evolutions or dramatic scenes by means of

machinery; also, the representations in which they are

used.</def>



<hw>Fan"tom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Phantom</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Fantom corn</col>, <cd>phantom corn.</cd></cs>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Fap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fuddled.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fa*quir"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fakir</er>.</def>



<hw>Far</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Farrow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young pig,

or a litter of pigs.</def>



<hw>Far</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<er>Farther</er>

<pr>(#)</pr> and <er>Farthest</er> <pr>(#)</pr> are used as the

<pos>compar</pos>. and <pos>superl</pos>. of <ex>far</ex>,

although they are corruptions arising from confusion with

<xex>further</xex> and <xex>furthest</xex>. See

<er>Further</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fer</ets>,

<ets>feor</ets>, AS. <ets>feor</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fer</ets>,

D. <ets>ver</ets>, OHG. <ets>ferro</ets>, adv., G.

<ets>fern</ets>, <pos>a.</pos>, Icel. <ets>fjarri</ets>, Dan.

<ets>fjirn</ets>, Sw. <ets>fjerran</ets>, adv., Goth.

<ets>fa\'c6rra</ets>, adv., Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beyond, Skr.

<ets>paras</ets>, adv., far, and prob. to L. <ets>per</ets>

through, and E. prefix <ets>for-</ets>, as in <ets>for</ets>give,

and also to <ets>fare</ets>. CF. <er>Farther</er>,

<er>Farthest</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Distant in any

direction; not near; remote; mutually separated by a wide space

or extent.</def>



<q>They said, . . . We be come from a <qex>far</qex> country.</q>

<qau>Josh. ix. 6.</qau>



<q>The nations <qex>far</qex> and near contend in choice.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Remote from purpose; contrary to design or

wishes; <as>as, <ex>far</ex> be it from me to justify

cruelty</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Remote in affection or obedience; at a distance,

morally or spiritually; t enmity with; alienated.</def>



<q>They that are <qex>far</qex> from thee ahsll perish.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxiii. 27.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Widely different in nature or quality; opposite

in character.</def>



<q>He was <qex>far</qex> from ill looking, though he thought

himself still farther.</q>

<qau>F. Anstey.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The more distant of two; <as>as, the

<ex>far</ex> side (called also <ex>off side</ex>) of a horse,

that is, the right side, or the one opposite to the rider when he

mounts</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The distinction between the adjectival and adverbial

use of <xex>far</xex> is sometimes not easily

discriminated.</note>



<cs><col>By far</col>, <cd>by much; by a great difference.</cd>

-- <col>Far between</col>, <cd>with a long distance (of space or

time) between; at long intervals.</cd> \'bdThe examinations are

few and <xex>far between<xex>.\'b8 <au>Farrar</au>.</cs>



<hw>Far</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To a great extent

or distance of space; widely; <as>as, we are separated

<ex>far</ex> from each other</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To a great distance in time from any point;

remotely; <as>as, he pushed his researches <ex>far</ex> into

antiquity</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In great part; <as>as, the day is <ex>far</ex>

spent</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In a great proportion; by many degrees; very

much; deeply; greatly.</def>



<q>Who can find a virtuous woman ? for her price is

<qex>far</qex> above rubies.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxxi. 10.</qau>



<cs><col>As far as</col>, <cd>to the extent, or degree, that. See

<cref>As far as</cref>, under <er>As</er>.</cd> -- <col>Far

off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>At a great distance, absolutely or

relatively.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Distant in sympathy or

affection; alienated. \'bdBut now, in Christ Jesus, ye who some

time were <xex>far off<xex> are made nigh by the blood of

Christ.\'b8 <au>Eph. ii. 13.</au></cd> -- <col>Far other</col>,

<cd>different by a great degree; not the same; quite unlike.

<au>Pope</au>.</cd> -- <col>Far and near</col>, <cd>at a distance

and close by; throughout a whole region.</cd> -- <col>Far and

wide</col>, <cd>distantly and broadly; comprehensively.

\'bd<xex>Far and wide<xex> his eye commands.\'b8

<au>Milton</au>.</cd> -- <col>From far</col>, <cd>from a great

distance; from a remote place.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ <xex>Far</xex> often occurs in self-explaining

compounds, such as <xex>far</xex>-extended,

<xex>far</xex>-reaching, <xex>far</xex>-spread.</note>



<-- p. 543 -->



<hw>Far"*a*bout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A going

out of the way; a digression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Far"ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Michael

<ets>Faraday</ets>, the English electrician.]</ety>

<fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The standard unit of electrical capacity;

the capacity of a condenser whose charge, having an

electro-motive force of one volt, is equal to the amount of

electricity which, with the same electromotive force, passes

through one ohm in one second; the capacity, which, charged with

one coulomb, gives an electro-motive force of one volt.</def>



<hw>Far*ad"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Michael <xex>Faraday</xex>, the distinguished

electrician; -- applied especially to induced currents of

electricity, as produced by certain forms of inductive apparatus,

on account of Faraday's investigations of their laws.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Far"a*dism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Far`a*di*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The treatment with faradic or induced

currents of electricity for remedial purposes.</def>



<hw>Far"and</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Farrand</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Far"an*dams</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fabrik

made of silk and wool or hair.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Far"ant*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Farrand</er>.]</ety> <def>Orderly; comely; respectable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Farce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Farced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Farcing</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>Farcir</ets>, L.

<ets>farcire</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to fence

in, stop up. Cf. <er>Force</er> to stuff, <er>Diaphragm</er>,

<er>Frequent</er>, <er>Farcy</er>, <er>Farse</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To stuff with forcemeat; hence, to fill with

mingled ingredients; to fill full; to stuff.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The first principles of religion should not be

<qex>farced</qex> with school points and private tenets.</q>

<qau>Bp. Sanderson.</qau>



<q>His tippet was aye <qex>farsed</qex> full of knives.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To render fat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If thou wouldst <qex>farce</qex> thy lean ribs.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To swell out; to render pompous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Farcing</qex> his letter with fustian.</q>

<qau>Sandys.</qau>



<hw>Farce</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>farce</ets>, from L.

<ets>farsus</ets> (also sometimes <ets>farctus</ets>), p.p. pf

<ets>farcire</ets>. See <er>Farce</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Stuffing, or mixture of

viands, like that used on dressing a fowl; forcemeat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A low style of comedy; a dramatic composition

marked by low humor, generally written with little regard to

regularity or method, and abounding with ludicrous incidents and

expressions.</def>



<q><qex>Farce</qex> is that in poetry which \'bdgrotesque\'b8 is

in a picture: the persons and action of a <qex>farce</qex> are

all unnatural, and the manners false.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ridiculous or empty show; <as>as, a mere

<ex>farce</ex></as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>farce</xex> of state.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Farce"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stuffing;

forcemeat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They spoil a good dish with . . . unsavory

<qex>farcements</qex>.</q>

<qau>Feltham.</qau>



<hw>Far"ci*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to farce; appropriated to farce; ludicrous; unnatural;

unreal.</def>



<q>They deny the characters to be <qex>farcical</qex>, because

they are <?/<?/tually in in nature.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Far"ci*cal*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

-<wf>Far"ci*cal*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Far"ci*cal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the

disease called farcy. See <er>Farcy</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Far"ci*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Farce</ets>+-<ets>lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Pudding stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Far"ci*men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Far"cin</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Same

as <er>Farcy</er>.</def>



<hw>Far"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Stuffing; forcemeat.</def>



<hw>Farc"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>farctus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>farcire</ets>. See

<er>Farce</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Stuffed; filled solid; <as>as, a <ex>farctate</ex> leaf,

stem, or pericarp</as>; -- opposed to <xex>tubular</xex> or

<xex>hollow</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Far"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>farcin</ets>; cf. L. <ets>farciminum</ets> a disease of

horses, fr. <ets>farcire</ets>. See <er>Farce</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A contagious disease of horses, associated

with painful ulcerating enlargements, esp. upon the head and

limbs. It is of the same nature as glanders, and is often fatal.

Called also <altname>farcin</altname>, and

<altname>farcimen</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Farcy</xex>, although more common in horses, is

communicable to other animals and to human beings.</note>



<cs><col>Farcy bud</col>, <cd>a hard, prominent swelling

occurrinng upon the cutaneous surface in farcy, due to the

obstruction and inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, and

followed by ulceration.</cd></cs>



<au>Youatt.</au>



<hw>Fard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., prob. fr.

OHG. gi<ets>farit</ets>, gi<ets>farwit</ets> p.p. of

<ets>farwjan</ets> to color, tinge, fr. <ets>farawa</ets> color,

G. <ets>farbe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Paint used on the face.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdPainted with French <xex>fard</xex>.\'b8



<au>J. Whitaker.</au>



<hw>Fard</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>farder</ets> to

paint one's face.]</ety> <def>To paint; -- said esp. of one's

face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shenstone.</au>



<hw>\'d8Far`dage"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Fardel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Dunnage</er>.</def>



<hw>Far"del</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fardel</ets>, F. <ets>fardeau</ets>; cf. Sp.

<ets>fardel</ets>, <ets>fardillo</ets>, <ets>fardo</ets>, LL.

<ets>fardellus</ets>; prob. fr. Ar. <ets>fard</ets> one of the

two parts of an object divisible into two, hence, one of the two

parts of a camel's load. Cf. <er>Furl</er>.]</ety> <def>A bundle

or little pack; hence, a burden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>A <qex>fardel</qex> of never-ending misery and suspense.</q>

<qau>Marryat.</qau>



<hw>Far"del</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make up in

fardels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Far"ding-bag`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of

uncertain origin; cf. <er>Fardel</er>.]</ety> <def>The upper

stomach of a cow, or other ruminant animal; the rumen.</def>



<hw>Far"ding*dale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

farthingale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Far"ding*deal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Farthing</er>, and <er>Deal</er> a part.]</ety> <def>The

fourth part of an acre of land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>farding dale</asp>,

<asp>fardingale</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<hw>Fare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Faring</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>faran</ets> to travel, fare; akin to OS., Goth., &

OHG. <ets>faran</ets> to travel, go, D. <ets>varen</ets>, G.

<ets>fahren</ets>, OFries., Isel., & Sw. <ets>fara</ets>, Dan.

<ets>fare</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a way through,

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a ferry, strait, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/

to convey, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to go, march,

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beyond, on the other side, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to

pass through, L. <ets>peritus</ets> experienced,

<ets>portus</ets> port, Skr. <ets>par</ets> to bring over.

<root/78. Cf <er>Chaffer</er>, <er>Emporium</er>, <er>Far</er>,

<er>Ferry</er>, <er>Ford</er>, <er>Peril</er>, <er>Port</er> a

harbor, <er>Pore</er>, <pos>n</pos>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

go; to pass; to journey; to travel.</def>



<q>So on he <qex>fares</qex>, and to the border comes

Of Eden.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in any state, or pass through any

experience, good or bad; to be attended with any circummstances

or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate; <as>as, he

<ex>fared</ex> well, or ill</as>.</def>



<q>So <qex>fares</qex> the stag among the enraged hounds.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q>I bid you most heartily well to <qex>fare</qex>.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<q>So <qex>fared</qex> the knight between two foes.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be treated or entertained at table, or with

bodily or social comforts; to live.</def>



<q>There was a certain rich man wwhich . . . <qex>fared</qex>

sumptuously every day.</q>

<qau>Luke xvi. 19.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To happen well, or ill; -- used impersonally;

<as>as, we shall see how it will <ex>fare</ex> with

him</as>.</def>



<q>Sso <qex>fares</qex> it when with truth falsehood

contends.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To behave; to conduct one's self.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She <qex>ferde</qex> [fared] as she would die.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Fare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. 

<ets>faru</ets> journey, fr. <ets>faran</ets>. See <er>Fare</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A journey; a passage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That nought might stay his <qex>fare</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The price of passage or going; the sum paid or

due for conveying a person by land or water; <as>as, the

<ex>fare</ex> for crossing a river; the <ex>fare</ex> in a coach

or by railway.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ado; bustle; business.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The warder chid and made <qex>fare</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Condition or state of things; fortune; hap;

cheer.</def>



<q>What <qex>fare</qex>? what news abroad ?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Food; provisions for the table; entertainment;

<as>as, coarse <ex>fare</ex>; delicious <ex>fare</ex>.</as></def>

\'bdPhilosophic <xex>fare</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The person or persons conveyed in a vehicle;

<as>as, a full <ex>fare</ex> of passengers</as>.</def>



<au>A. Drummond.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The catch of fish on a fishing vessel.</def>



<cs><col>Bill of fare</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Fare</col> <col>indicator <or/ register</col></mcol>,

<cd>a device for recording the number of passengers on a street

car, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fare wicket</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A gate

or turnstile at the entrance of toll bridges, exhibition grounds,

etc., for registering the number of persons passing it.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An opening in the door of a street car for

purchasing tickets of the driver or passing fares to the

conductor.</cd>



<au>Knight.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Far"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.

p.</pos> of <er>Fare</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fare`well"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fare</ets> (thou, you) + <ets>well</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Go well; good-by; adieu;  -- originally applied to a person

departing, but by custom now applied both to those who depart and

those who remain. It is often separated by the pronoun; <as>as,

<ex>fare</ex> you <ex>well</ex></as>; and is sometimes used as an

expression of separation only; <as>as, <ex>farewell</ex> the

year; <ex>farewell</ex>, ye sweet groves; that is, I bid you

<ex>farewell</ex>.</as></def>



<q>So <qex>farewell</qex> hope, and with hope,

<qex>farewell</qex> fear.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Fare</qex> thee <qex>well</qex>! and if forever,

Still forever <qex>fare</qex> thee <qex>well</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<note><hand/ The primary accent is sometimes placed on the first

syllable, especially in poetry.</note>



<hw>Fare`well"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the parting

compliment; a good-by; adieu.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Act of departure; leave-taking; a last look at,

or reference to something.</def>



<q>And takes her <qex>farewell</qex> of the glorious sun.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Before I take my <qex>farewell</qex> of the subject.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Fare"well`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Parting;

valedictory; final; <as>as, a <ex>farewell</ex> discourse; his

<ex>farewell</ex> bow.</as></def>



<q>Leans in his spear to take his <qex>farewell</qex> view.</q>

<qau>Tickell.</qau>



<cs><col>Farewell rock</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the

Millstone grit; -- so called because no coal is found worth

working below this stratum. It is used for hearths of furnaces,

having power to resist intense heat.</cd></cs>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Far"fet`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Far</ets> + <ets>fet</ets>, <pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Fette</er>.]</ety> <def>Farfetched.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>York with his <qex>farfet</qex> policy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Far"fetch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Far</ets> + <ets>fetch</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bring

from far; to seek out studiously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To <qex>farfetch</qex> the name of Tartar from a Hebrew

word.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Far"fetch`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything brought from

far, or brought about with studious care; a deep strategem.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdPolitic <xex>farfetches</xex>.\'b8



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Far"fetched`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Brought from far, or from a remote place.</def>



<q>Every remedy contained a multitude of <qex>farfetched</qex>

and heterogeneous ingredients.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Studiously sought; not easily or naturally

deduced or introduced; forced; strained.</def>



<hw>Fa*ri"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., meal,

flour, fr. <ets>far</ets> a sort of grain, spelt; akin to E.

<ets>barley</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fine flour or meal

made from cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of

vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in

cookery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pollen.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Far`i*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>farinaceus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting or made

of meal or flour; <as>as, a <ex>farinaceous</ex> diet</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Yielding farina or flour; <as>as,

<ex>ffarinaceous</ex> seeds</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Like meal; mealy; pertainiing to meal; <as>as, a

<ex>farinaceous</ex> taste, smell, or appearance</as>.</def>



<hw>Far`i*nose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>farinosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>farineux</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Yielding farinaa; <as>as, <ex>farinose</ex>

substances</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld><def>Civered with a sort

of white, mealy powder, as the leaves of some poplars, and the

body of certain insects; mealy.</def>



<hw>Farl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Furl</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Far"lie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ferlish</ets> wonder, as adj., strange, sudden, fearful, AS.

<ets>f\'d6rl\'c6c</ets> sudden. See <er>Fear</er>.]</ety> <def>An

unusual or unexpected thing; a wonder. See <er>Fearly</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Farm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ferme</ets> rent, lease, F. <ets>ferme</ets>, LL.

<ets>firma</ets>, fr. L. <ets>firmus</ets> firm, fast,

<ets>firmare</ets> to make firm or fast.  See <er>Firm</er>,

<pos>a.</pos> & <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The rent of

land, -- originally paid by reservation of part of its

products.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The term or tenure of a lease of land for

cultivation; a leasehold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It is great willfulness in landlords to make any longer

<qex>farms</qex> to their tenants.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The land held under lease and by payment of rent

for the purpose of cultivation.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any tract of land devoted to agricultural

purposes, under the management of a tenant or the owner.</def>



<note><hand/ In English the ideas of a lease, a term, and a rent,

continue to be in a great degree inseparable, even from the

popular meaning of a <xex>farm</xex>, as they are entirely so

from the legal sense.</note>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A district of country leased (or farmed) out for

the collection of the revenues of government.</def>



<q>The province was devided into twelve <qex>farms</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A lease of the imposts

on particular goods; <as>as, the sugar <ex>farm</ex>, the silk

<ex>farm</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Whereas G. H.  held the <qex>farm</qex> of sugars upon a rent

of 10,000 marks per annum.</q>

<qau>State Trials (1196).</qau>



<hw>Farm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Farmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Farming</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To lease or let for an equivalent, as land for a

rent; to yield the use of to proceeds.</def>



<q>We are enforced to <qex>farm</qex> our royal realm.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give up to another, as an estate, a business,

the revenue, etc., on condition of receiving in return a

percentage of what it yields; <as>as, to <ex>farm</ex> the

taxes</as>.</def>



<q>To <qex>farm</qex> their subjects and their duties toward

these.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take at a certain rent or rate.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To devote (land) to agriculture; to cultivate,

as land; to till, as a farm.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To farm let</col>, <col>To let to

farm</col></mcol>, <cd>to lease on rent.</cd></cs>



<hw>Farm</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To engage in the business of

tilling the soil; to labor as a farmer.</def>



<hw>Farm"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being farmed.</def>



<hw>Farm"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fermier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who farms</def>; as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who hires and cultivates a farm; a

cultivator of leased ground; a tenant</def>. <au>Smart</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who is devoted to the tillage of the soil;

one who cultivates a farm; an agriculturist; a husbandman</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>One who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other

duties, to collect, either paying a fixed annuual rent for the

privilege; <as>as, a <ex>farmer</ex> of the revenues</as></def>.

<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The lord of the field, or

one who farms the lot and cope of the crown.</def>



<cs><col>Farmer-general</col> <ety>[F.

<ets>fermier-general</ets>]</ety>, <cd>one to whom the right of

levying certain taxes, in a particular district, was <xex>farmed

out</xex>, under the former French monarchy, for a given sum paid

down.</cd> -- <col>Farmers' satin</col>, <cd>a light material of

cotton and worsted, used for coat linings.</cd>

<au>McElrath</au>. -- <col>The king's farmer</col> <fld>(O. Eng.

Law)</fld>, <cd>one to whom the collection of a royal revenue was

farmed out.</cd></cs>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Farm"er*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who farms.</def>



<hw>Farm"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Skill in farming.</def>



<hw>Farm"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The buildings

and yards necessary for the business of a farm; a

homestead.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Farm"house`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dwelling house on a

farm; a farmer's residence.</def>



<hw>Farm"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to agriculture;

devoted to, adapted to, or engaged in, farming; <as>as,

<ex>farming</ex> tools; <ex>farming</ex> land; a <ex>farming</ex>

community.</as></def>



<hw>Farm"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business of cultivating

land.</def>



<hw>Far"most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Most distant;

farthest.</def>



<q>A spacious cave within its <qex>farmost</qex> part.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Farm"stead</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A farm with

the building upon it; a homestead on a farm.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>With its pleasant groves and <qex>farmsteads</qex>.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Farm"stead*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A farmstead.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Black.</au>



<hw>Farm"yard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The yard or

inclosure attached to a barn, or the space inclosed by the farm

buildings.</def>



<hw>Far"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Far</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The state of being far

off; distance; remoteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Grew.</au>



<hw>Far"o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Said to be so

called because the Egyptian king <ets>Pharaoh</ets> was formerly

represented upon one of the cards.]</ety> <def>A gambling game at

cardds, in whiich all the other players play against the dealer

or banker, staking their money upon the order in which the cards

will lie and be dealt from the pack.</def>



<cs><col>Faro bank</col>, <cd>the capital which the proprietor of

a farotable ventures in the game; also, the place where a game of

faro is played.</cd></cs>



<au>Hoyle.</au>



<hw>Fa`ro*ese`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<def>An inhabitant, or, collectively, inhabitants, of the Faroe

islands.</def>



<hw>Far"*off`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Remote;

<as>as, the <ex>far-off</ex> distance</as>. Cf.

<xex>Far-off</xex>, under <er>Far</er>, adv.</def>



<hw>Far*rag-i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Farrago</er>.]</ety> <def>Formed of various materials; mixed;

<as>as, a <ex>farraginous</ex> mountain</as>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<q>AA <qex>farraginous</qex> concurrence of all conditions,

tempers, sexes, and ages.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Far*ra"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>farrago</ets>, <ets>-aginis</ets>, mi8xed fodder for cattle,

mash, medley, fr. <ets>far</ets> a sort of grain. See

<er>Farina</er>.]</ety> <def>A mass ccomposed of various

materials confusedly mixed; a medley; a mixture.</def>



<q>A confounded <qex>farrago</qex> of doubts, fears, hopes,

wishes, and all the flimsy furniture of a country miss's

brain.</q>

<qau>Sheridan.</qau>



<hw>Far"fand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>farand</ets> beautiful; cf. Gael. <ets>farranta</ets> neat,

stout, stately; or perh. akin to E. <ets>fare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Manner; custom; fashion; humor.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>farand</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Far`re*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>farreatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Confarreation</er>.</def>



<hw>Far"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>farrour</ets>, <ets>ferrer</ets>, OF. <ets>ferreor</ets>,

<ets>ferrier</ets>, LL. <ets>Ferrator</ets>, <ets>ferrarius

equorum</ets>, from <ets>ferrare</ets> to shoe a horse,

<ets>ferrum</ets> a horseshoe, fr. L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron. 

Cf. <er>Ferreous</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <wordforms>A

shoer of horses; a veterinary surgeon.</def>



<hw>Far"ri*er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>To practice as a

farrier; to carry on the trade of a farrier.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Far"ri*er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The art of shoeing horses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of preventing, curing, or mitigating

diseases of horses and cattle; the veterinary art.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The place where a smith shoes horses.</def>



<-- p. 544 -->



<hw>Far"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fearh</ets> a little pig; a akin to OHG. <ets>farh</ets>,

<ets>farah</ets>, pig, dim. <ets>farheli</ets> little pig, G.

<ets>fercel</ets>, D. <ets>varken</ets> pig, Lith.

<ets>parszas</ets> OIr. <ets>orc</ets>,L. <ets>porcus</ets>, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Pork</er>.]</ety> <def>A little of

pigs.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Far"fow</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Farrowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Farrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth

(young); -- said only of swine.</def>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Far"row</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>ferry

cow</ets> a cow that is not with calf, D. <ets>vaarkoe</ets>,

<ets>vaars</ets>, heifer, G. <ets>f\'84rse</ets>, AS.

<ets>fearr</ets> bull, G. <ets>farre</ets>. Cf.

<er>Heifer</er>.]</ety> <def>Not producing young in a given

season or year; -- said only of cows.</def>



<note><hand/ If a cow has had a calf, but fails in a subsequent

year, she is said to be <xex>farrow</xex>, or to go

<xex>farrow</xex>.</note>



<hw>Far"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A farrow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Perry.</au>



<hw>Farse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Farce</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An

addition to, or a paraphrase of, some part of the Latin service

in the vernacular; -- common in English before the

Reformation.</def>



<hw>Far"see`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Able to see to a great distance; farsighted.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having foresight as regards the future.</def>



<hw>Far"sight`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Seeing to great distance; hence, of good judgment regarding

the remote effects of actions; sagacious.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypermetropic.</def>



<hw>Far"sight`ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Quality of bbeing farsighted.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypermetropia.</def>



<hw>Far"*stretched`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Streatched beyond ordinary limits.</def>



<hw>Far"ther</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a., compar. of

<er>Far</er></pos>. <wordforms>[<pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Farthest</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. See

<er>Further</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>farrer</ets>, OE.

<ets>ferrer</ets>, compar. of <ets>far</ets>; confused with

<ets>further</ets>. Cf. <er>Farthest</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>More remote; more distant than something

else.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tending to a greater distance; beyond a certain

point; additional; further.</def>



<q>Before our <qex>farther</qex> way the fates allow.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Let me add a <qex>farther</qex> Truth.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Some <qex>farther</qex> change awaits us.</q>

<qau>MIlton.</qau>



<hw>Far"ther</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>At or to a

greater distance; more renotely; beyond; <as>as, let us rest with

what we have, without looking <ex>farther</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moreover; by way of progress in treating a

subject; <as>as, <ex>farther</ex>, let us consider the probable

event</as>.</def>



<cs><col>No farther</col>, <cd>(used elliptically for) go no

farther; say no more, etc.</cd></cs>



<q>It will be dangerous to go on. <qex>No farther</qex> !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Far"ther</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To help onward.

<mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Further</er>.</def>



<hw>Far"ther*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Furtherence</er>.</def>



<hw>Far"ther*more*"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Furthermore</er>.</def>



<hw>Far"ther*most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Most

distant or remote; <as>as, the <ex>farthest</ex> degree</as>. See

<er>Furthest</er>.</def>



<hw>Far"thing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>furthing</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a2r<?/ung</ets>, fr.

<ets>fe\'a2r<?/a</ets> fourth, <ets>fe\'a2r</ets>,

<ets>fe\'a2wer</ets>, four. See <er>Four</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The fourth of a penny; a small copper coin of Great Britain,

being a cent in United States currency.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A very small quantity or value.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In her cup was no <qex>farthing</qex> seen of grease.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A division of hand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thirty acres make a <qex>farthing</qex> land; nine

<qex>farthings</qex> a Cornish acre; and four Cornish acres a

knight's fee.</q>

<qau>R. Carew.</qau>



<hw>Far"thin*gale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>vardingale</ets>, <ets>fardingale</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>vertugale</ets>, <ets>verdugade</ets>, F.

<ets>vertugade</ets>, <ets>vertugadin</ets>, from Sp.

<ets>verdugado</ets>, being named from its hoops, fr.

<ets>verdugo</ets> a young shoot of tree, fr. <ets>verde</ets>

green, fr. L. <ets>viridis</ets>. See <er>Verdant</er>.]</ety>

<def>A hoop skirt or hoop petticoat, or other light, elastic

material, used to extend the petticoat.</def>



<q>We'll revel it as bravely as the best, . . . 

With ruffs and cuffs, and <qex>farthingales</qex> and things.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fas"ces</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

<ets>pl</ets>. of <ets>fascis</ets> bundle; cf. <ets>fascia</ets>

a band, and Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a bundle.]</ety>,

<fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> A bundle of rods, having among them an

ax with the blade projecting, borne before the Roman magistrates

as a badge of their authority.</def>



<hw>Fas"cet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Glass

Making)</fld> <def>A wire basket on the end of a rod to carry

glass bottles, etc., to the annealing furnace; also, an iron rod

to be thrust into the mouths of bottles, and used for the same

purpose; -- calles also <xex>pontee</xex> and

<xex>punty</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fas"ci*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fasci\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a band: cf.

It. <ets>fascia</ets>. See <er>Fasces</er>, and cf.

<er>Fess</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A band, sash, or fillet;

especially, in surgery, a bandage or roller.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A flat member of an order or

building, like a flat band or broad fillet; especially, one of

the three bands which make up the architrave, in the Ionic order.

See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Column</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The layer of loose tissue,

often containing fat, immediately beneath the skin; the stronger

layer of connective tissue covering and investing all muscles; an

aponeurosis.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A broad well-defined band

of color.</def>



<hw>Fas"ci*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to the fasces.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to a fascia.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fas"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fas"ci*a`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fasciatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fasciare</ets> to envelop with

bands, fr. <ets>fascia</ets> band. See <er>Fasces</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Bound with a fillet, sash, or bandage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Banded or

compacted together.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Flattened and

laterally widened, as are often the stems of the garden

cockscomb.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Broadly banded with

color.</def>



<hw>Fas`ci*a"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or manner of

binding up; bandage; also, the condition of being

fasciated.</def>



<hw>Fas"ci*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fasciculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>fascis</ets>. See

<er>Fasces</er>.]</ety> <def>A small bundle or collection; a

compact cluster; <as>as, a <ex>fascicle</ex> of fibers; a

<ex>fascicle</ex> of flowers or roots.</def>



<hw>Fas"ci*cled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> Growing in a

bundle, tuft, or close cluster; <as>as, the <ex>fascicled</ex>

leaves of the pine or larch; the <ex>fascicled</ex> roots of the

dahlia;  <ex>fascicled</ex> muscle fibers; <ex>fascicled</ex>

tufts of hair.</as></def>



<hw>Fas*cic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a fascicle; fascicled; <as>as, a

<ex>fascicular</ex> root</as>.</def>



<hw>Fas*cic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fascicled

manner.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fas*cic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Fas*cic"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Grouped in a fascicle; fascicled.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fas*cic"u*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fasciculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See

<er>Fascicle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A little bundle; a

fascicle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A division of a book.</def>



<hw>Fas"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fascinated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>. <er>Fascinating</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fascinare</ets>; cf.

Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to slander, bewitch.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To influence in an uncontrollable manner; to

operate on by some powerful or irresistible charm; to bewitch; to

enchant.</def>



<q>It has been almost universally believed that . . . serpents

can stupefy and <qex>fascinate</qex> the prey which they are

desirous to obtain.</q>

<qau>Griffith (Cuvier).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To excite and allure irresistibly or powerfully;

to charm; to captivate, as by physical or mental charms.</def>



<q> there be none of the passions that have been noted to

<qex>fascinate</qex> or bewhich but love and envy.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To charm; enrapture; captivate; enchant; bewitch;

attract.</syn>



<hw>Fas`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fascinatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>fascination</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of fascinating, bewhiching, or

enchanting; enchantment; witchcraft; the exercise of a powerful

or irresistible influence on the affections or passions; unseen,

inexplicable influence.</def>



<q>The Turks hang old rags . . . upon their fairest horses, and

other goodly creatures, to secure them against

<qex>fascination</qex>.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or condition of being

fascinated.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which fascinates; a charm; a spell.</def>



<q>There is a certain bewitchery or <qex>fascination</qex> in

words.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Fas*cine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>fascina</ets> a bundle of sticks, fr. <ets>fascis</ets>. See

<er>Fasces</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort. & Engin.)</fld> <def>A

cylindrical bundle of small sticks of wood, bound together, used

in raising batteries, filling ditches, strengthening ramparts,

and making parapets; also in revetments for river banks, and in

mats for dams, jetties, etc.</def>



<hw>Fas"ci*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fascinum</ets> witchcraft, akin to <ets>fascinare</ets>. See

<er>Fascinate</er>.]</ety> <def>Caused or acting by

witchcraft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Fascinous</xex>

diseases.\'b8



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fas*ci"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.

<plw>Fasciol\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See

<er>Fasciole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A band of gray

matter bordering the fimbria in the brain; the dentate

convolution.</def>



<au>Wilder.</au>



<hw>Fas"ci*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fasciola</ets> a little bandage. See <er>Fascia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A band of minute tubercles, bearing

modified spines, on the shells of spatangoid sea urchins. See

<er>Spatangoidea</er>.</def>



<hw>Fash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fashed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fashing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OF. <ets>faschier</ets>, F. <ets>f<?/cher</ets>, to anger,

vex; cf. Pr. <ets>fasticar</ets>, <ets>fastigar</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>fastidium</ets> dilike. See <er>Fastidious</er>.]</ety>

<def>To vex; to tease; to trouble.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Fash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vexation; anxiety; care.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>Without further <qex>fash</qex> on my part.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Fash"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fasoun</ets>, <ets>facioun</ets>, shape, manner, F.

<ets>facon</ets>, orig., a making, fr. L. <ets>factio</ets> a

making, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>,

<er>Feat</er>, and cf. <er>Faction</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The make or form of anything; the style, shape,

appearance, or mode of structure; pattern, model; <as>as, the

<ex>fashion</ex> of the ark, of a coat, of a house, of an altar,

etc.</as> ; workmanship; execution.</def>



<q>The <qex>fashion</qex> of his countenance was altered.</q>

<qau>Luke ix. 29.</qau>



<q>I do not like the <qex>fashion</qex> of your garments.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The prevailing mode or style, especially of

dress; custom or conventional usage in respect of dress,

behavior, etiquette, etc.; particularly, the mode or style usual

among persons of good breeding; <as>as, to dress, dance, sing,

ride, etc., in the <ex>fashion</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The innocent diversions in <qex>fashion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>As now existing, <qex>fashion</qex> is a form of social

regulation analogous to constitutional government as a form of

political regulation.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Polite, fashionable, or genteel life; social

position; good breeding; <as>as, men of

<ex>fashion</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Mode of action; method of conduct; manner;

custom; sort; way.</def> \'bdAfter his sour

<xex>fashion</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>After a fashion</col>, <cd>to a certain extent; in a

sort.</cd> -- <col>Fashion piece</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>one of the timbers which terminate the transom, and define

the shape of the stern.</cd> -- <col>Fashion plate</col>, <cd>a

pictorial design showing the prevailing style or a new style of

dress.</cd></cs>

<-- #<sic> in a sort? s.b. of a sort? -->



<hw>Fash"ion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fashioned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fashioning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>faconner</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form; to give

shape or figure to; to mold.</def>



<q>Here the loud hammer <qex>fashions</qex> female toys.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<q>Ingenious art . . . 

Steps forth to <qex>fashion</qex> and refine the age.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; -- with

<xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>Laws ought to be <qex>fashioned</qex> to the manners and

conditions of the people.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make according to the rule prescribed by

custom.</def>



<q><qex>Fashioned</qex> plate sells for more than its weight.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To forge or counterfeit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Fashioning needle</col> <fld>(Knitting Machine)</fld>,

<cd>a needle used for widening or narrowing the work and thus

shaping it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fash"ion*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Conforming to the fashion or established mode; according

with the prevailing form or style; <as>as, a <ex>fashionable</ex>

dress</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Established or favored by custom or use;

current; prevailing at a particular time; <as>as, the

<ex>fashionable</ex> philosophy; <ex>fashionable</ex>

opinions</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Observant of the fashion or customary mode;

dressing or behaving according to the prevailing fashion; <as>as,

a <ex>fashionable</ex> man</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Genteel; well-bred; <as>as, <ex>fashionable</ex>

society</as>.</def>



<q>Time is like a <qex>fashionable</qex> host

That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fash"ion*a*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person who conforms

to the fashions; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>



<hw>Fash"ion*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

fashionable.</def>



<hw>Fash"ion*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fashionable

manner.</def>



<hw>Fash"ioned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>Having a

certain style or fashion; as old-<xex>fashioned</xex>;

new-<xex>fashioned</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fash"ion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fashions, forms, ar gives shape to anything.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>fashioner</qex> had accomplished his task, and the

dresses were brought home.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Fash"ion*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

obsequious follower of the modes and fashions.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Fash"ion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

fashion.</def>



<hw>Fash"ion-mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who studies the fashions; a fop; a dandy.</def>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Fash"ion-mon`ger*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Behaving like a

fashion-monger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fas"sa*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A variety of pyroxene, from the valley of <xex>Fassa</xex>,

in the Tyrol.</def>



<hw>Fast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fasted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Fasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f<ae/stan</ets>; <ets>akin to D</ets>. <ets>vasten</ets>,

OHG. <ets>fast<emac/n</ets>, G. <ets>fasten</ets>, Icel. & Sw.

<ets>fasta</ets>, Dan. <ets>faste</ets>, Goth. <ets>fastan</ets>

to keep, observe, fast, and prob. to E. <ets>fast</ets>

firm.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To abstain from food; to omit to

take nourishment in whole or in part; to go hungry.</def>



<q><qex>Fasting</qex> he went to sleep, and <qex>fasting</qex>

waked.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To practice abstinence as a religious exercise

or duty; to abstain from food voluntarily for a time, for the

mortification of the body or appetites, or as a token of grief,

or humiliation and penitence.</def>



<q>Thou didst <qex>fast</qex> and weep for the child.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xii. 21.</qau>



<cs><col>Fasting day</col>, <cd>a fast day; a day of

fasting.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fast</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>faste</ets>,

<ets>fast</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>f<?/sten</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fasta</ets>, G. <ets>faste</ets>. See <er>Fast</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Abstinence from food; omission

to take nounrishment.</def>



<q>Surfeit is the father of much <qex>fast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Voluntary abstinence from food, for a space of

time, as a spiritual discipline, or as a token of religious

humiliation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A time of fasting, whether a day, week, or

longer time; a period of abstinence from food or certain kinds of

food; <as>as, an annual <ex>fast</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Fast day</col>, <cd>a day appointed for fasting,

humiliation, and religious offices as a means of invoking the

favor of God.</cd> -- <col>To break one's fast</col>, <cd>to put

an end to a period of abstinence by taking food; especially, to

take one's morning meal; to breakfast.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fast</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Faster</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <er>Fastest</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE., firm, strong, not loose,

AS. <ets>f<?/st</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fast</ets>, D.

<ets>vast</ets>, OHG. <ets>fasti</ets>, <ets>festi</ets>, G.

<ets>fest</ets>, Isel. <ets>fastr</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>fast</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>fetter</ets>. The sense

<ets>swift</ets> comes from the idea of keeping close to what is

pursued; a Scandinavian use. Cf. <er>Fast</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.,

<er>Fast</er>, <ets>v</ets>., <er>Avast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Firmly fixed; closely adhering; made firm; not loose,

unstable, or easily moved; immovable; <as>as, to make

<ex>fast</ex> the door</as>.</def>



<q>There is an order that keeps things <qex>fast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art;

impregnable; strong.</def>



<q>Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and <qex>fast</qex> places.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily

separated or alienated; faithful; <as>as, a <ex>fast</ex>

friend</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air

or by washing; durable; lasting; <as>as, <ex>fast</ex>

colors</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Tenacious; retentive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Roses, damask and red, are <qex>fast</qex> flowers of their

smells.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Not easily disturbed or broken; deep;

sound.</def>



<q>All this while in a most <qex>fast</qex> sleep.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift;

<as>as, a <ex>fast</ex> horse</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of

restraint; reckless; wild; dissipated; dissolute; <as>as, a

<ex>fast</ex> man; a <ex>fast</ex> liver.</as></def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<cs><col>Fast and loose</col>, <cd>now cohering, now disjoined;

inconstant, esp. in the phrases <xex>to play at fast and

loose</xex>, <xex>to play fast and loose</xex>, to act with giddy

or reckless inconstancy or in a tricky manner; to say one thing

and do another \'bd<xex>Play fast and loose</xex> with faith.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> <col>Fast and loose pulleys</col></mcol>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>two pulleys placed side by side on a

revolving shaft, which is driven from another shaft by a band,

and arranged to disengage and re\'89ngage the machinery driven

thereby. When the machinery is to be stopped, the band is

transferred from the pulley fixed to the shaft to the pulley

which revolves freely upon it, and <xex>vice versa<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Hard and fast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>so completely

aground as to be immovable.</cd> -- <col>To make fast</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to make secure; to fasten firmly, as a

vessel, a rope, or a door.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 545 -->



<hw>Fast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>Faste</ets> firmly, strongly, quickly, AS.

<ets>f<?/aste</ets>. See <er>Fast</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In a fast, fixed, or firmly established manner;

fixedly; firmly; immovably.</def>



<q>We will bind thee <qex>fast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Judg. xv. 13.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a fast or rapid manner; quickly; swiftly;

extravagantly; wildly; <as>as, to run <ex>fast</ex>; to live

<ex>fast</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Fast by</col>, <or/ <col>Fast beside</col></mcol>,

<cd>close or near to; near at hand.</cd></cs>



<q>He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk

Into the wood <qex>fast by</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Fast by</qex> the throne obsequious Fame resides.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Fast</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which fastens or holds;

especially, <fld>(Naut.)</fld> a mooring rope, hawser, or chain;

-- called, according to its position, a <xex>bow</xex>,

<xex>head</xex>, <xex>quarter</xex>, <xex>breast</xex>, or

<xex>stern fast</xex>; also, a post on a pier around which

hawsers are passed in mooring.</def>



<hw>Fas"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fastened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fastening</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>f\'91stnian</ets>; akin

to OHG. <ets>festin<omac/n</ets>. See <er>Fast</er>,

<pos>a</pos>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fix firmly; to make

fast; to secure, as by a knot, lock, bolt, etc.; <as>as, to

<ex>fasten</ex> a chain to the feet; to <ex>fasten</ex> a door or

window.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to hold together or to something else;

to attach or unite firmly; to cause to cleave to something , or

to cleave together, by any means; <as>as, to <ex>fasten</ex>

boards together with nails or cords; to <ex>fasten</ex> anything

in our thoughts.</as></def>



<q>The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of

many successions of parties, with very different ideas

<qex>fastened</qex> to them.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to take close effect; to make to tell;

to lay on; <as>as, to <ex>fasten</ex> a blow</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>If I can <qex>fasten</qex> but one cup upon him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To fasten a charge</col>, <or/ <col>a crime</col>,

<col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to make his guilt certain, or so

probable as to be generally believed.</cd> -- <col>To fasten

one's eyes upon</col>, <cd>to look upon steadily without

cessation.</cd> <au>Acts iii. 4</au>.</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To fix; cement; stick; link; affix; annex.</syn>



<hw>Fas"ten</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fix one's self; to

take firm hold; to clinch; to cling.</def>



<q>A horse leech will hardly <qex>fasten</qex> on a fish.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Fas"ten*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, makes fast or firm.</def>



<hw>Fas"ten*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything

that binds and makes fast, as a lock, catch, bolt, bar, buckle,

etc.</def>



<hw>Fast"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

abstains from food.</def>



<hw>Fast"-hand`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Close-handed; close-fisted; covetous; avaricious.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fas"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The Roman calendar, which gave

the days for festivals, courts, etc., corresponding to a modern

almanac.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Records or registers of important events.</def>



<hw>Fas*tid`i*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Fastidiousness; squeamishness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Fas*tid"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fastidiosus</ets> disdainful, fr. <ets>fastidium</ets>

loathing, aversion, perh. fr. <ets>fastus</ets> arrogance (of

uncertain origin) + <ets>taedium</ets> loathing. Cf.

<er>Tedious</er>, <er>Fash</er>.]</ety> <def>Difficult to please;

delicate to fault; suited with difficulty; squeamish; <as>as, a

<ex>fastidious</ex> mind or ear; a <ex>fastidious</ex>

appetite.</as></def>



<q>Proud youth ! <qex>fastidious</qex> of the lower world.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Squeamish; critical; overnice; difficult;

punctilious.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Fastidious</er>,

<er>Squeamish</er>. We call a person <xex>fastidious</xex> when

his taste or feelings are offended by trifling defects or errors;

we call him <xex>squeamish</xex> when he is excessively nice or

critical on minor points, and also when he is overscrupulous as

to questions of duty. \'bdWhoever examines his own imperfections

will cease to be <xex>fastidious</xex>; whoever restrains his

caprice and scrupulosity will cease to be

<xex>squeamish</xex>.\'b8 <au>Crabb</au>.</usage>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fas*tid"i*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fas*tid"i*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fas*tig"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Fas*tig"i*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>fastigium</ets> gable end, top, height,

summit.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Narrowing towards the top.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Clustered, parallel, and

upright, as the branches of the Lombardy poplar; pointed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>United into a conical

bundle, or into a bundle with an enlarged head, like a sheaf of

wheat.</def>



<hw>Fast"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rather fast;

also, somewhat dissipated.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Fast"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Firmly; surely.</def>



<hw>Fast"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f\'91stnes</ets>, fr. <ets>f\'91st</ets> fast. See

<er>Fast</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

being fast and firm; firmness; fixedness; security;

faithfulness.</def>



<q>All . . . places of <qex>fastness</qex> [are] laid open.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fast place; a stronghold; a fortress or fort;

a secure retreat; a castle; <as>as, the enemy retired to their

<ex>fastnesses</ex> in the mountains</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Conciseness of style.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ascham.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The state of being fast or swift.</def>



<hw>Fas"tu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fastuosus</ets>, from <ets>fastus</ets> haughtiness, pride:

cf. F. <ets>fastueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Proud; haughty;

disdainful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Barrow</au>.

<wordforms><wf>Fas"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Fat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Vat</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A large tub, cistern, or

vessel; a vat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>fats</qex> shall overflow with wine and oil.</q>

<qau>Joel ii. 24.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A measure of quantity, differing for different

commodities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hebert.</au>



<hw>Fat</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Fatter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <er>Fattest</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<aemac/tt</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>vet</ets>, G. <ets>fett</ets>, <ets>feist</ets>, Icel.

<ets>feitr</ets>, Sw. <ets>fet</ets>, Dan. <ets>fed</ets>, and

perh. to Gr. <grk>pi^dax</grk> spring, fountain,

<grk>pidy`ein</grk> to gush forth, <grk>pi`wn</grk> fat, Skr.

<ets>pi</ets> to swell.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Abounding with

fat</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Fleshy; characterized by

fatness; plump; corpulent; not lean; <as>as, a <ex>fat</ex> man;

a <ex>fat</ex> ox</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Oily; greasy;

unctuous; rich; -- said of food.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal;

coarse; heavy; gross; dull; stupid.</def>



<q>Making our western wits <qex>fat</qex> and mean.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<q>Make the heart of this people <qex>fat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Is. vi. 10.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fertile; productive; <as>as, a <ex>fat</ex>

soil; a <ex>fat</ex> pasture.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Rich; producing a large income; desirable;

<as>as, a <ex>fat</ex> benefice; a <ex>fat</ex> office; a

<ex>fat</ex> job.</as></def>



<q>Now parson of Troston, a <qex>fat</qex> living in Suffolk.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Persons grown <qex>fat</qex> and wealthy by long

impostures.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Typog.)</fld> <def>Of a character which enables

the compositor to make large wages; -- said of matter containing

blank, cuts, or many leads, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>fat</ex> take; a

<ex>fat</ex> page.</as></def>



<cs><col>Fat lute</col>, <cd>a mixture of pipe clay and oil for

filling joints.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid or greasy

substance making up the main bulk of the adipose tissue of

animals, and widely distributed in the seeds of plants. See

<cref>Adipose tissue</cref>, under <er>Adipose</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Animal fats</xex> are composed mainly of three

distinct fats, <xex>tristearin</xex>, <xex>tripalmitin</xex>, and

<xex>triolein</xex>, mixed in varying proportions. As olein is

liquid at ordinary temperatures, while the other two fats are

solid, it follows that the consistency or hardness of fats

depends upon the relative proportion of the three individual

fats. During the life of an animal, the fat is mainly in a liquid

state in the fat cells, owing to the solubility of the two solid

fats in the more liquid olein at the body temperature.

Chemically, fats are composed of fatty acid, as stearic,

palmitic, oleic, etc., united with glyceryl. In butter fat, olein

and palmitin predominate, mixed with another fat characteristic

of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable kingdom many other fats or

glycerides are to be found, as myristin from nutmegs, a glyceride

of lauric acid in the fat of the bay tree, etc.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The best or richest productions; the best part;

<as>as, to live on the <ex>fat</ex> of the land</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Typog.)</fld> <def>Work. containing much blank,

or its equivalent, and, therefore, profitable to the

compositor.</def>



<cs><col>Fat acid</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Sebacic

acid</cref>, under <er>Sebacic</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fat

series</col>, <col>Fatty series</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>the series of the paraffine hydrocarbons and their

derivatives; the marsh gas or methane series.</cd> --

<col>Natural fats</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the group of oily

substances of natural occurrence, as butter, lard, tallow, etc.,

as distinguished from certain fatlike substance of artificial

production, as paraffin. Most natural fats are essentially

mixtures of triglycerides of fatty acids.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fatted</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>atting</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fatten</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/ttian</ets>. See <er>Fat</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Fatten</er>.]</ety> <def>To make fat;

to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; <as>as,

to <ex>fat</ex> fowls or sheep</as>.</def>



<q>We <qex>fat</qex> all creatures else to <qex>fat</qex> us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow fat, plump, and

fleshy.</def>



<q>An old ox <qex>fats</qex> as well, and is as good, as a young

one.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<hw>Fa"tal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>fatalis</ets>, fr.

<ets>fatum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fatal</ets>. See

<er>Fate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Proceeding from, or

appointed by, fate or destiny; necessary; inevitable.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>These thing are <qex>fatal</qex> and necessary.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<q>It was <qex>fatal</qex> to the king to fight for his

money.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Foreboding death or great disaster.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>That <qex>fatal</qex> screech owl to our house

That nothing sung but death to us and ours.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal;

destructive; calamitous; <as>as, a <ex>fatal</ex> wound; a

<ex>fatal</ex> disease; a <ex>fatal</ex> day; a <ex>fatal</ex>

error.</as></def>



<hw>Fa"tal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fatalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine that all things

are subject to fate, or that they take place by inevitable

necessity.</def>



<hw>Fa"tal*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fataliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who maintains that all

things happen by inevitable necessity.</def>



<hw>Fa`tal*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Implying,

or partaking of the nature of, fatalism.</def>



<hw>Fa*tal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.

<plw>Fatalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>fatalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fatalit\'82</ets>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being fatal, or proceeding from

destiny; invincible necessity, superior to, and independent of,

free and rational control.</def>



<q>The Stoics held a <qex>fatality</qex>, and a fixed,

unalterable course of events.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being fatal; tendency to

destruction or danger, as if by decree of fate; mortaility.</def>



<q>The year sixty-three is conceived to carry with it the most

considerable <qex>fatality</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ser T. Browne.</qau>



<q>By a strange <qex>fatality</qex> men suffer their

dissenting.</q>

<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is decreed by fate or which is fatal;

a fatal event.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fa"tal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In a manner proceeding from, or determined by, fate.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a manner issuing in death or ruin; mortally;

destructively; <as>as, <ex>fatally</ex> deceived or

wounded</as>.</def>



<hw>Fa"tal*ness</hw><def>, . Quality of being fatal.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fa"ta Mor*ga"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[It.; -- so

called because this phenomenon was looked upon as the work of a

fairy (It. <ets>fata</ets>) of the name of <ets>Morg\'a0na</ets>.

See <er>Fairy</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of mirage by which distant

objects appear inverted, distorted, displaced, or multiplied. It

is noticed particularly at the Straits of Messina, between

Calabria and Sicily.</def>



<hw>Fat"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The menhaden.</def>



<hw>Fat"-brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dull of

apprehension.</def>



<hw>Fate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatum</ets> a prophetic declaration, oracle, what is

ordained by the gods, destiny, fate, fr. <ets>fari</ets> to

speak: cf. OF. <ets>fat</ets>. See <er>Fame</er>, <er>Fable</er>,

<er>Ban</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Fay</er>, <er>Fairy</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fixed decree by which the order of things is

prescribed; the immutable law of the universe; inevitable

necessity; the force by which all existence is determined and

conditioned.</def>



<q>Necessity and chance

Approach not me; and what I will is <qex>fate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Beyond and above the Olympian gods lay the silent, brooding,

everlasting <qex>fate</qex> of which victim and tyrant were alike

the instruments.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Appointed lot; allotted life; arranged or

predetermined event; destiny; especially, the final lot; doom;

ruin; death.</def>



<q>The great, th'important day, big with the <qex>fate</qex>

Of Cato and of Rome.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Our wills and <qex>fates</qex> do so contrary run

That our devices still are overthrown.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The whizzing arrow sings,

<qex>And bears thy fate</qex>, Antinous, on its wings.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The element of chance in the affairs of life;

the unforeseen and unestimated conitions considered as a force

shaping events; fortune; esp., opposing circumstances against

which it is useless to struggle; <as>as, <ex>fate</ex> was, or

the <ex>fates</ex> were, against him</as>.</def>



<q>A brave man struggling in the storms of <qex>fate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Sometimes an hour of <qex>Fate's</qex> serenest weather

strikes through our changeful sky its coming beams.</q>

<qau>B. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <ety>[L. <ets>Fata</ets>, pl. of

<ets>fatum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The three

goddesses, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, sometimes called the

<altname>Destinies</altname>, or <altname>Parc\'91</altname>who

were supposed to determine the course of human life. They are

represented, one as holding the distaff, a second as spinning,

and the third as cutting off the thread.</def>



<note><hand/ Among all nations it has been common to speak of

<xex>fate</xex> or destiny as a power superior to gods and men --

swaying all things irresistibly.  This may be called the

<xex>fate</xex> of poets and mythologists.  Philosophical

<xex>fate</xex> is the sum of the laws of the universe, the

product of eternal intelligence and the blind properties of

matter. Theological <xex>fate</xex> represents Deity as above the

laws of nature, and ordaining all things according to his will --

the expression of that will being the law.



<au>Krauth-Fleming.</au>

</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Destiny; lot; doom; fortune; chance.</syn>



<hw>Fat"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Decreed by fate; destined; doomed; <as>as, he was

<ex>fated</ex> to rule a factious people</as>.</def>



<q>One midnight

<qex>Fated</qex> to the purpose.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>Invested with the power of determining

destiny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>fated</xex>

sky.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn>  <def>Exempted by fate.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fate"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. .</pos> <def>Having the

power of serving or accomplishing fate.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>fateful</xex> steel.\'b8



<au>J. Barlow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>Significant of fate; ominous.</def>



<q>The <qex>fateful</qex> cawings of the crow.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fate"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>-

<wf>Fate"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fat"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cyprinoid fish of the

Mississippi valley (<spn>Pimephales promelas</spn>); -- called

also <altname>black-headed minnow</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A labroid food fish of California; the redfish.</def>



<hw>Fa"ther</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fader</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'91der</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>fadar</ets>, D. <ets>vader</ets>, OHG. <ets>fatar</ets>, G.

<ets>vater</ets>, Icel. <ets>Fa<?/ir</ets> Sw. & Dan.

<ets>fader</ets>, OIr. <ets>athir</ets>, L. <ets>pater</ets>, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>pitr</ets>, perh. fr. Skr.

<ets>p\'be</ets> protect. <?/<?/<?/,<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Papa</er>,

<er>Paternal</er>, <er>Patriot</er>, <er>Potential</er>,

<er>Pablum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who has begotten a

child, whether son or daughter; a generator; a male parent.</def>



<q>A wise son maketh a glad <qex>father</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prov. x. 1.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a

progenitor; especially, a first ancestor; a founder of a race or

family; -- in the plural, <xex>fathers</xex>, ancestors.</def>



<q>David slept with his <qex>fathers</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Kings ii. 10.</qau>



<q>Abraham, who is the <qex>father</qex> of us all.</q>

<qau>Rom. iv. 16.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn>  <def>One who performs the offices of a parent by

maintenance, affetionate care, counsel, or protection.</def>



<q>I was a <qex>father</qex> to the poor.</q>

<qau>Job xxix. 16.</qau>



<q>He hath made me a <qex>father</qex> to Pharaoh, and lord of

all his house.</q>

<qau>Gen. xiv. 8.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A respectful mode of address to an old

man.</def>



<q>And Joash the king og Israel came down unto him [Elisha], . .

. and said, O my <qex>father</qex>, my <qex>father</qex>!</q>

<qau>2 Kings xiii. 14.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A senator of ancient Rome.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A dignitary of the church, a superior of a

convent, a confessor (called also <altname>father

confessor</altname>), or a priest; also, the eldest member of a

profession, or of a legislative assembly, etc.</def>



<q>Bless you, good <qex>father</qex> friar !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>One of the chief esslesiastical authorities of

the first centuries after Christ; -- often spoken of collectively

as <xex>the Fathers</xex>; <as>as, the Latin, Greek, or apostolic

<ex>Fathers</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, gives origin; an

originator; a producer, author, or contriver; the first to

practice any art, profession, or occupation; a distinguished

example or teacher.</def>



<q>The <qex>father</qex> of all such as handle the harp and

organ.</q>

<qau>Gen. iv. 21.</qau>



<q>Might be the <qex>father</qex>, Harry, to that thought.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The <qex>father</qex> of good news.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The Supreme Being and Creator; God; in theology,

the first person in the Trinity.</def>



<q>Our <qex>Father</qex>, which art in heaven.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 9.</qau>



<q>Now had the almighty <qex>Father</qex> from above . . . 

Bent down his eye.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Adoptive father</col>, <cd>one who adopts the child of

another, treating it as his own.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Apostolic

father</col>, <col>Conscript fathers, etc.</col></mcol> <cd>See

under <er>Apostolic</er>, <er>Conscript</er>, etc.</cd> --

<col>Father in God</col>, <cd>a title given to bishops.</cd> --

<col>Father of lies</col>, <cd>the Devil.</cd> -- <col>Father of

the bar</col>, <cd>the oldest practitioner at the bar.</cd> --

<col>Fathers of the city</col>, <cd>the aldermen.</cd> --

<col>Father of the Faithful</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Abraham.

<au>Rom. iv.</au> <au>Gal. iii. 6-9.</au></cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>Mohammed, or one of the sultans, his successors.</cd> --

<col>Father of the house</col>, <cd>the member of a legislative

body who has had the longest continuous service.</cd> --

<col>Most Reverend Father in God</col>, <cd>a title given to

archbishops and metropolitans, as to the archbishops of

Canterbury and York.</cd> -- <col>Natural father</col>, <cd>the

father of an illegitimate child.</cd> -- <col>Putative

father</col>, <cd>one who is presumed to be the father of an

illegitimate child; the supposed father.</cd> -- <col>Spiritual

father</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A religious teacher or guide, esp.

one instrumental in leading a soul to God.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <cd>A priest who hears confession in the

sacrament of penance.</cd> -- <col>The Holy Father</col> <fld>(R.

C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the pope.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fa"ther</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fathered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fathering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make one's

self the father of; to beget.</def>



<q>Cowards <qex>father</qex> cowards, and base things sire

base.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take as one's own child; to adopt; hence, to

assume as one's own work; to acknowledge one's self author of or

responsible for (a statement, policy, etc.).</def>



<q>Men of wit

Often <qex>fathered</qex> what he writ.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To provide with a father.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Think you I am no stronger than my sex,

Being so <qex>fathered</qex> and so husbanded ?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To father on</col> <or/ <col>upon</col></mcol>,

<cd>to ascribe to, or charge upon, as one's offspring or work; to

put or lay upon as being responsible.</cd> \'bdNothing can be so

uncouth or extravagant, which may not be <xex>fathered on<xex>

some fetch of wit, or some caprice of humor.\'b8

<au>Barrow</au>.</cs>



<-- p. 546 -->



<hw>Fa"ther*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being a father; the character or authority of a father;

paternity.</def>



<hw>Fa"ther-in-law`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fathers-in-law</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The father

of one's husband or wife; -- correlative to <xex>son-in-law</xex>

and <xex>daughter-in-law</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ A man who marries a woman having children already,

is sometimes, though erroneously, called their

<xex>father-in-law</xex>.</note>



<hw>Fa"ther*land"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Imitated

fr. D. <ets>vaderland</ets>. See <er>Father</er>, and

<er>Land</er>.]</ety> <def>One's native land; the native land of

one's fathers or ancestors.</def>



<hw>Fa"ther-lash`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European marine fish (<spn>Cottus

bubalis</spn>), allied to the sculpin; -- called also

<altname>lucky proach</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fa"ther*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute

of a living father; <as>as, a <ex>fatherless</ex>

child</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without a known author.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Fa"ther*less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

without a father.</def>



<hw>Fa"ther*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fatherly</er>.]</ety> <def>The qualities of a father;

parantal kindness, care, etc.</def>



<hw>Fa"ther long"legs`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Daddy longlegs</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Fa"ther*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like a father

in affection and care; paternal; tender; protecting;

careful.</def>



<q>You have showed a tender, <qex>fatherly</qex> regard.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a father.</def>



<hw>Fa"ther*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being a

father; fatherhood; paternity.</def>



<hw>Fath"om</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<???/OE.

<ets>fadme</ets>, <ets>fa<edh/me</ets>, AS.

<ets>f\'91<edh/m</ets> fathom, the embracing arms; akin to OS.

<ets>fa<edh/mos</ets> the outstretched arms, D. <ets>vadem</ets>,

<ets>vaam</ets>, fathom, OHG. <ets>fadom</ets>, <ets>fadum</ets>,

G. <ets>faden</ets> fathom, thread, Icel. <ets>fa<edh/mr</ets>

fathom, Sw. <ets>famn</ets>, Dan. <ets>favn</ets>; cf. Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to spread out,

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ outspread, flat, L. <ets>patere</ets> to

lie open, extend. Cf. <er>Patent</er>, <er>Petal</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A measure of length, containing six feet; the

space to which a man can extend his arms; -- used chiefly in

measuring cables, cordage, and the depth of navigable water by

soundings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The measure or extant of one's capacity; depth,

as of intellect; profundity; reach; penetration.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Another of his <qex>fathom</qex> they have none

To lead their business.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fath"om</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fathomed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fathoming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

encompass with the arms extended or encircling; to measure by

throwing the arms about; to span.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Purchas.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The measure by a sounding line; especially, to

sound the depth of; to penetrate, measure, and comprehend; to get

to the bottom of.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>The page of life that was spread out before me seemed dull and

commonplace, only because I had not <qex>fathomed</qex> its

deeper import.</q>

<qau>Hawthotne.</qau>



<hw>Fath"om*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being fathomed.</def>



<hw>Fath"om*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fathoms.</def>



<hw>Fath"om*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Incapable

of being fathomed; immeasurable; that can not be sounded.</def>



<q>And buckle in a waist most <qex>fathomless</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Incomprehensible.</def>



<q>The <qex>fathomless</qex> absurdity.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fa*tid"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatidicus</ets>; <ets>fatum</ets> fate + <ets>dicere</ets>

to say, tell.]</ety> <def>Having power to foretell future events;

prophetic; fatiloquent; <as>as, the <ex>fatidical</ex>

oak</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Howell</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Fa*tid"i*cal*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fa*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatifer</ets>; <ets>fatum</ets> fate + <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear, bring.]</ety> <def>Fate-bringing; deadly; mortal;

destructive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fat"i*ga*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatigabilis</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>fatigable</ets>. See

<er>Fatigue</er>.]</ety> <def>Easily tired.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Fat"i*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatigatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fatigare</ets>. See

<ets>Fatigue</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wearied; tired; fatigued.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Requickened what in flesh was <qex>fatigate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fat"i*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To weary;

to tire; to fatigue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Elyot.</au>



<hw>Fat`i*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatigatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>fatigation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Weariness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>W. Montaqu.</au>



<hw>Fa*tigue"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>fatiguer</ets> to fatigue, L. <ets>fatigare</ets>; cf. L.

<ets>affatim</ets> sufficiently.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Weariness from bodily labor or mental exertion; lassitude or

exhaustion of strength.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cause of weariness; labor; toil; <as>as, the

<ex>fatigues</ex> of war</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The weakening of a metal when subjected to

repeated vibrations or strains.</def>



<cs><col>Fatigue call</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a summons, by

bugle or drum, to perform fatigue duties.</cd> -- <col>Fatigue

dress</col>, <cd>the working dress of soldiers.</cd> --

<col>Fatigue duty</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>labor exacted from

soldiers aside from the use of arms. <au>Farrow</au>.</cd> --

<col>Fatigue party</col>, <cd>a party of soldiers on fatigue

duty.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fa*tigue"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fatigued</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fatiguing</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>fatiguer</ets>. See <er>Fatigue</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To weary with labor or any bodily or

mental exertion; to harass with toil; to exhaust the strength or

endurance of; to tire.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To jade; tire; weary; bore. See <er>Jade</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fa*til"o*quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fatiloquist</er>.]</ety> <def>Prophetic; fatidical.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Fa*til"o*quist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatiloquus</ets> declaring fate; <ets>fatum</ets> fate+

<ets>Loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>A fortune teller.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fat"i*mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fat"i*mide</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>

<def>Descended from Fatima, the daughter and only child of

Mohammed.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A descendant of

Fatima.</def></def2>



<hw>Fa*tis"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatiscense</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>fatiscere</ets> to gape or

crack open.]</ety> <def>A gaping or opening; state of being

chinky, or having apertures.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<hw>Fat"-kid`neyed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>Gross;

lubberly.</def>



<q>Peace, ye <qex>fat-kidneyed</qex> rascal !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fat"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fat</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A calf,

lamb, kid, or other young animal fattened for slaughter; a fat

animal; -- said of such animals as are used for food.</def>



<q>He sacrificed oxen and <qex>fatlings</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. vi. 13.</qau>



<hw>Fat"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Grossly; greasily.</def>



<hw>Fat"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fattens. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Fattener</er>.</def>



<au>Arbuthnit.</au>



<hw>Fat"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or

state of being fat, plump, or full-fed; corpulency; fullness of

flesh.</def>



<q>Their eyes stand out with <qex>fatness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxiii. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence; Richness; fertility; fruitfulness.</def>



<q>Rich in the <qex>fatness</qex> of her plenteous soil.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which makes fat or fertile.</def>



<q>The clouds drop <qex>fatness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<hw>Fat"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fattened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fattining</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fat</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make fat; to feed for

slaughter; to make fleshy or plump with fat; to fill full; to

fat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make fertile and fruitful; to enrich; <as>as,

to <ex>fatten</ex> land; to <ex>fatten</ex> fields with

blood.</as></def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fat"ten</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow fat or corpulent;

to grow plump, thick, or fleshy; to be pampered.</def>



<q>And villains <qex>fatten</qex> with the brave man's labor.</q>

<qau>Otway.</qau>



<hw>Fat"ten*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>One who, or

that which, fattens; that which gives fatness or fertility.</def>



<hw>Fat"ti*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>State or

quality of being fatty.</def>



<hw>Fat"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat fat;

inclined to fatness.</def>



<q>Coleridge, a puffy, anxious, obstructed-looking,

<qex>fattish</qex> old man.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Fat"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing fat,

or having the qualities of fat; greasy; gross; <as>as, a

<ex>fatty</ex> substance</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Fatty acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of the

paraffin series of monocarbonic acids, as formic acid, acetic,

etc.; -- so called because the higher members, as stearic and

palmitic acids, occur in the natural fats, and are themselves

fatlike substances.</cd> -- <col>Fatty clays</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Clay</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fatty degeneration</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a diseased condition, in which the oil

globules, naturally present in certain organs, are so multiplied

as gradually to destroy and replace the efficient parts of these

organs.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fatty heart</col>, <col>Fatty

liver</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. <fld>(Med.)</fld>, a heart, liver,

etc., which have been the subjects of fatty degeneration or

infiltration.</cd> -- <col>Fatty infiltration</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a condition in which there is an excessive

accumulation of fat in an organ, without destruction of any

essential parts of the latter.</cd> -- <col>Fatty tumor</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a tumor consisting of fatty or adipose

tissue; lipoma.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fa*tu"i*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stupid;

fatuous.</def>



<hw>Fa*tu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatuitas</ets>, fr. <ets>fatuus</ets> foolish: cf. F.

<ets>fatuit\'82</ets> Cf. <er>Fatuous</er>.]</ety> <def>Weakness

or imbecility of mind; stupidity.</def>



<q>Those many forms of popular <qex>fatuity</qex>.</q>

<qau>I Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Fat"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fatuus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Feeble in mind; weak;

silly; stupid; foolish; fatuitous.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without reality; illusory, like the <xex>ignis

fatuus</xex>.</def>



<q>Thence <qex>fatuous</qex> fires and meteors take their

birth.</q>

<qau>Danham.</qau>



<hw>Fat"-wit`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dull;

stupid.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fau`bourg"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A suburb of French city; also, a district

now within a city, but formerly without its walls.</def>



<hw>Fau"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fauces</ets> throat.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the fauces,

or opening of the throat; faucial; esp., <fld>(Phon.)</fld>

produced in the fauces, as certain deep guttural sounds found in

the Semitic and some other languages.</def>



<q>Ayin is the most difficult of the <qex>faucals</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fau"ces</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The narrow

passage from the mouth to the pharynx, situated between the soft

palate and the base of the tongue; -- called also the

<altname>isthmus of the fauces</altname>.  On either side of the

passage two membranous folds, called the <xex>pillars of the

fauces</xex>, inclose the tonsils.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The throat of a calyx,

corolla, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That portion of the

interior of a spiral shell which can be seen by looking into the

aperture.</def>



<hw>Fau"cet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fausset</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>fauces</ets> throat.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fixture for drawing a liquid, as water,

molasses, oil, etc., from a pipe, cask, or other vessel, in such

quantities as may be desired; -- called also

<altname>tap</altname>, and <altname>cock</altname>. It consists

of a tubular spout, stopped with a movable plug, spigot, valve,

or slide.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The enlarged end of a section of pipe which

receives the spigot end of the next section.</def>



<hw>Fau"chion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Falchion</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fau"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to the fauces; pharyngeal.</def>



<hw>Faugh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Foh</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation of contempt, disgust, or

abhorrence.</def>



<hw>Faul"chion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Falchion</er>.</def>



<hw>Faul"con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Falcon</er>.</def>



<hw>Fauld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The arch over the

dam of a blast furnace; the tymp arch.</def>



<hw>Faule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fall or falling

band.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>These laces, ribbons, and these <qex>faules</qex>.</q>

<qau>Herrick.</qau>



<hw>Fault</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>faut</ets>, <ets>faute</ets>, F. <ets>faute</ets> (cf. It.,

Sp., & Pg. <ets>falta</ets>), fr. a verb meaning <ets>to

want</ets>, <ets>fail</ets>, freq., fr. L. <ets>fallere</ets> to

deceive. See <er>Fail</er>, and cf. <er>Default</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Defect; want; lack; default.</def>



<q>One, it pleases me, for <qex>fault</qex> of a better, to call

my friend.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that fails, that is wanting, or that

impairs excellence; a failing; a defect; a blemish.</def>



<q>As patches set upon a little breach

Discredit more in hiding of the <qex>fault</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A moral failing; a defect or dereliction from

duty; a deviation from propriety; an offense less serious than a

crime.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geol. & Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

dislocation of the strata of the vein.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In

coal seams, coal rendered worthless by impurities in the seam;

<as>as, slate <ex>fault</ex>, dirt <ex>fault</ex>,

etc.</as></def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>A lost scent; act of losing

the scent.</def>



<q>Ceasing their clamorous cry till they have singled,

With much ado, the cold <qex>fault</qex> cleary out.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>Failure to serve the ball

into the proper court.</def>



<cs><col>At fault</col>, <cd>unable to find the scent and

continue chase; hance, in trouble ot embarrassment, and unable to

proceed; puzzled; thhrown off the track.</cd> -- <col>To find

fault</col>, <cd>to find reason for blaming or complaining; to

express dissatisfaction; to complain; -- followed by

<xex>with<xex> before the thing complained of; but formerly by

<xex>at<xex>. \'bdMatter <xex>to find fault

at<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Robynson (More's Utopia).</au>



<syn>Syn. -- -- Error; blemish; defect; imperfection; weakness;

blunder; failing; vice.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Fault</er>,

<er>Failing</er>, <er>Defect</er>, <er>Foible</er>. A

<xex>fault</xex> is positive, something morally wrong; a

<xex>failing</xex> is negative, some weakness or failling short

in a man's character, disposition, or habits; a <xex>defect</xex>

is also negative, and as applied to character is the absence of

anyything which is necessary to its completeness or perfection; a

<xex>foible</xex> is a less important weakness, which we overlook

or smile at. A man may have many <xex>failings</xex>, and yet

commit but few <xex>faults</xex>; or his <xex>faults</xex> and

<xex>failings</xex> may be few, while his <xex>foibles</xex> are

obvious to all. The <xex>faults</xex> of a friend are often

palliated or explained away into mere <xex>defects</xex>, and the

<xex>defects</xex> or <xex>foibles</xex> of an enemy exaggerated

into <xex>faults</xex>. \'bdI have <xex>failings</xex> in common

with every human being, besides my own peculiar

<xex>faults</xex>; but of avarice I have generally held myself

guiltless.\'b8 <au>Fox</au>. \'bdPresumption and self-applause

are the <xex>foibles</xex> of mankind.\'b8

<au>Waterland</au>.</usage>



<hw>Fault</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Faulted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Faulting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To charge with a fault; to accuse; to find fault with; to

blame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For that I will not <qex>fault</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Old Song.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To interrupt the continuity

of (rock strata) by displacement along a plane of fracture; --

chiefly used in the p.p.; <as>as, the coal beds are badly

<ex>faulted</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Fault</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To err; to blunder, to

commit a fault; to do wrong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If after Samuel's death the people had asked of God a king,

they had not <qex>faulted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Fault"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

commits a fault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Behold the <qex>faulter</qex> here in sight.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Fault"-find`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes a practice off discovering others' faults and censuring

them; a scold.</def>



<hw>Fault"-find`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of finding

fault or blaming; -- used derogatively. Also

<xex>Adj</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fault"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

faults or sins.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fault"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

faulty manner.</def>



<hw>Fault"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of

being faulty.</def>



<q>Round, even to <qex>faultiness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fault"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The

state or condition of being faulted; the process by which a fault

is produced.</def>



<hw>Fault"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without fault; not

defective or imperfect; free from blemish; free from

incorrectness, vice, or offense; perfect; <as>as, a

<ex>faultless</ex> poem</as>.</def>



<q>Whoever thinks a <xex>faultless</xex> piece to see,

Thinks what ne'er was, nor is, nor e'er shall be.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Blameless; spotless; perfect. See

<er>Blameless</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fault"less*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos>-<wf>Fault"less*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fault"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Containing faults, blemishes, or defects; imperfect; not fit

for the use intended.</def>



<q>Created once

So goodly and erect, though <qex>faulty</qex> since.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Guilty of a fault, or of faults; hence,

blamable; worthy of censure.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The king doth speak . . . as one which is

<qex>faulty</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xiv. 13.</qau>



<hw>Faun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Faunus</ets>, fr. <ets>favere</ets> to be favorable. See

<er>Favor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>A god of

fields and shipherds, diddering little from the satyr. The fauns

are usually represented as half goat and half man.</def>



<q>Satyr or <qex>Faun</qex>, or Sylvan.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fau"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.: cf. F.

<ets>faune</ets>. See <er>Faun</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The animals of any given area or epoch; <as>as, the

<ex>fauna</ex> of America; fossil <ex>fauna</ex>; recent

<ex>fauna</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Fau"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

fauna.</def>



<hw>Fau"nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

describes the fauna of country; a naturalist.</def>



<au>Gilbert White.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fau"nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.

<plw>Fauni</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>See <er>Faun</er>.</def>



<hw>Fau"sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>llysowen</ets> eel, <ets>ll</ets> sounding in Welsh almost

like <ets>fl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young

eel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fausse`-braye"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fausse-braie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A second

raampart, exterior to, and parallel to, the main rampart, and

considerably below its level.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fau`teuil"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Faldistory</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An armchair; hence

(because the members sit in fauteuils or armchairs), membership

in the French Academy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Chair of a presiding officer.</def>



<hw>Fau"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., contr. fr.

<ets>favitor</ets>, fr. <ets>favere</ets> to be favorable: cf. F.

<ets>fauteur</ets>. See <er>Favor</er>.]</ety> <def>A favorer; a

patron; one who gives countenance or support; an abettor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The king and the <qex>fautors</qex> of his proceedings.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Fau"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fauutrix</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fautrice</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

patroness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fau`vette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

dim. fr. <ets>fauve</ets> fawn-colored.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small singing bird, as the

nightingale and warblers.</def>



<-- p. 547 -->



<hw>\'d8Faux</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fauces</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Fauces</er>.</def>



<-- no pos in original = n. -->

<hw>\'d8faux` pas"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F. See

<er>False</er>, and <er>Pas</er>.]</ety> <def>A false step; a

mistake or wrong measure.</def>



<hw>Fa*vag"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>favus</ets> a honeycomb.]</ety> <def>Formed like, or

resembling, a honeycomb.</def>



<hw>Fa"vas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Favus</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<hw>Fa"vel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fauvel</ets>, <ets>favel</ets>, dim. of F. <ets>fauve</ets>;

of German oigin. See <er>Fallow</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Yellow; fal<?/ow; dun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Fa"vel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A horse of a favel or dun

color.</def>



<cs><col>To curry favel</col>. <cd>See <cref>To curry

favor</cref>, under <er>Favor</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Fa"vel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>favele</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>fabella</ets> short fable, dim. of <ets>fabula</ets>. See

<er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <def>Flattery; cajolery; deceit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Skeat.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fa*vel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

prob. from L. <ets>favus</ets> a honeycomb.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A group of spores arranged without order

and covered with a thin gelatinous envelope, as in certain

delicate red alg\'91.</def>



<hw>Fa*ve"o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>favus</ets> honeycomb.]</ety> <def>Honeycomb; having

cavities or cells, somewhat resembling those of a honeycomb;

alveolate; favose.</def>



<hw>Fa*vil"lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>favilla</ets> sparkling or glowing asges.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to ashes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Light and <qex>favollous</qex> particles.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Fa*vo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Favonius</ets> the west wind.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the

west wind; soft; mild; gentle.</def>



<hw>Fa"vor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written also

<ets>favour</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[OF. <ets>favor</ets>, F.

<ets>faveur</ets>, L. <ets>favor</ets>, fr. <ets>favere</ets> to

be favorable, cf. Skr. <ets>bh\'bevaya</ets> to further, foster,

causative of bh<?/ to become, be. Cf. <er>Be</er>. In the phrase

<ets>to curry favor</ets>, <ets>favor</ets> is prob. for

<ets>favel</ets> a horse. See 2d <er>Favel</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance;

friendly disposition; kindness; good will.</def>



<q>Hath crawled into the <qex>favor</qex> of the king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of countenancing, or the condition of

being countenanced, or regarded propitiously; support; promotion;

befriending.</def>



<q>But found no <qex>favor</qex> in his lady's eyes.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in

<qex>favor</qex> with God and man.</q>

<qau>Luke ii. 52.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind act or office; kindness done or granted;

benevolence shown by word or deed; an act of grace or good will,

as distinct from justice or remuneration.</def>



<q>Beg one <qex>favor</qex> at thy gracious hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Mildness or mitigation of punishment;

lenity.</def>



<q>I could not discover the lenity and <qex>fabor</qex> of this

sentence.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The object of regard; person or thing

favored.</def>



<q>All these his wondrous works, but chiefly man,

His chief delight and <qex>favor</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A gift or represent; something bestowed as an

evidence of good will; a token of love; a knot of ribbons;

something worn as a token of affection; <as>as, a marriage

<ex>favor</ex> is a bunch or knot of white ribbons or white

flowers worn at a wedding</as>.</def>



<q>Wear thou this <qex>favor</qex> for me, and stick it in thy

cap.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Appearance; look; countenance; face.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This boy is fair, of female <qex>favor</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Partiality; bias.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A letter or epistle; -- so called in civility or

compliment; <as>as, your <ex>favor</ex> of yesterday is

received</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Love locks.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Challenge</col> <col>to the favor <or/ for

favor</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the challenge of a juror

on grounds not sufficient to constitute a principal challenge,

but sufficient to give rise to a probable suspicion of favor or

bias, such as acquaintance, business relation, etc. See

<cref>Principal challenge</cref>, under <er>Challenge</er>.</cd>

-- <col>In favor of</col>, <cd>upon the side of; favorable to;

for the advantage of.</cd> -- <col>In favor with</col>,

<cd>favored, countenanced, or encouraged by.</cd> -- <col>To

curry favor</col> <ety>[see the etymology of <er>Favor</er>,

above]</ety>, <cd>to seek to gain favor by flattery, caresses,

kindness, or officious civilities.</cd> -- <mcol><col>With one's

favor</col>, <or/ <col>By one's favor</col></mcol>, <cd>with

leave; by kind permission.</cd></cs>



<q>But, <qex>with your favor</qex>, I will treat it here.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Kindness; countenance; patronage; support; lenity;

grace; gift; present; benefit.</syn>



<hw>Fa"vor</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Favored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Favoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also

<ets>favour</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>favorer</ets>,

<ets>favorir</ets>. See <er>Favor</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To regard with kindness; to support; to aid, or

to have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to; to be

propitious to; to countenance; to treat with consideration or

tenderness; to show partiality or unfair bias towards.</def>



<q>O happy youth! and <qex>favored</qex> of the skies.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>He that <qex>favoreth</qex> Joab, . . . let him go after

Joab.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xx. 11.</qau>



<q>[The painter] has <qex>favored</qex> her squint admirably.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To afford advantages for success to; to

facilitate; <as>as, a weak place <ex>favored</ex> the entrance of

the enemy</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To resemble in features; to have the aspect or

looks of; <as>as, the child <ex>favors</ex> his

father</as>.</def>



<q>The porter owned that the gentleman <qex>favored</qex> his

master.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<hw>Fa"vor*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>favourable</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F.

<ets>favorable</ets>, L. <ets>favorabilis</ets> favored, popular,

pleasing, fr. <ets>favor</ets>. See <er>Favor</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of favor; favoring;

manifesting partiality; kind; propitious; friendly.</def>



<q>Lend <qex>favorable</qex> ears to our request.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Lord, thou hast been <qex>favorable</qex> unto thy land.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxxv. 1.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conducive; contributing; tending to promote or

facilitate; advantageous; convenient.</def>



<q>A place very <qex>favorable</qex> for the making levies of

men.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<q>The temper of the climate, <qex>favorable</qex> to generation,

health, and long life.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Beautiful; well-favored.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fa"vora*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Fa"vor*a*bly</wf>, <pos>sdv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>The <qex>faborableness</qex> of the present times to all

extertions in the cause of liberty.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Fa"vored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Countenanced; aided; regarded with kidness; <as>as, a

<ex>favored</ex> friend</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a certain favor or appearance; featured;

<as>as, well-<ex>favored</ex>; hard-<ex>favored</ex>,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Fa"vored*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

favored or a favorable manner; favorably.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Deut. xvii. 1. Arscham.</au>



<hw>Fa"vored*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Appearance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fa"vor*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

favors; one who regards with kindness or friendship; a

well-wisher; one who assists or promotes success or

prosperity.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>favourer</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>And come to us as <qex>favorers</qex>, not as foes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fa"vor*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who

favors or gives countenance.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>fovouress</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fa"vor*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That favors.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fa"vor*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fa"vor*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>favorit</ets> favored, F. <ets>favori</ets>, fem.

<ets>favorite</ets>, p.p. of OF. <ets>favorir</ets>, cf. It.

<ets>favorito</ets>, frm. <ets>favorita</ets>, fr.

<ets>favorire</ets> to favor. See <er>Favor</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor;

one treated with partiality; one preferred above others;

especially, one unduly loved, trusted, and enriched with favors

by a person of high rank or authority.</def>



<q>Committing to a wicked <qex>favorite</qex>

All public cares.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Short curls dangling over the

temples; -- fashionable in the reign of Charles II.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Farquhar.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>The competitor (as a horse

in a race) that is judged most likely to win; the competitor

standing highest in the betting.</def>



<hw>Fa"vor*ite</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Regarded with particular

affection, esteem, or preference; <as>as, a <ex>favorite</ex>

walk; a <ex>favorite</ex> child.</as></def> \'bdHis

<xex>favorite</xex> argument.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Fa"vor*it*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>favoritisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The disposition to favor and

promote the interest of one person or family, or of one class of

men, to the neglect of others having equal claims;

partiality.</def>



<q>A spirit of <qex>favoritism</qex> to the Bank of the United

States.</q>

<qau>A. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Fa"vor*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Unfavored;

not regarded with favor; having no countenance or support.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unpropitious; unfavorable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdFortune <xex>favorless</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fa*vose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>favus</ets> honeycomb.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Honeycombed. See <er>Faveolate</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

disease called favus.</def>



<hw>Fav"o*site</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus

Favosites.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fav`o*si"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Favose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of

fossil corals abundant in the Silurian and Devonian rocks, having

polygonal cells with perforated walls.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fa"vus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

honeycomb.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of

the scalp, produced by a vegetable parasite.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tile or flagstone cut into an hexagonal shape

to produce a honeycomb pattern, as in a pavement; -- called also

<altname>favas</altname> and <altname>sectila</altname>.</def>



<au>Mollett.</au>



<hw>Fawe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fain</er>.]</ety> <def>Fain; glad; delighted.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fawk"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Falconer</er>.]</ety> <def>A falconer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>Fawn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>faon</ets> the young one of any beast, a fawn, F.

<ets>faon</ets> a fawn, for <ets>fedon</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>fetus</ets>. See <er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young deer; a buck or doe of the

first year. See <er>Buck</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The young of an animal; a whelp.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>[The tigress] . . . followeth . . . after her

<xex>fawns</xex>.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fawn color.</def>



<hw>Fawn</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the color of a fawn;

fawn-colored.</def>



<hw>Fawn</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>faonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bring forth a fawn.</def>



<hw>Fawn</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fawned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fawning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fawnen</ets>,

<ets>fainen</ets>, <ets>fagnien</ets>, to rejoice, welcome,

flatter, AS. <ets>f\'91gnian</ets> to rejoice; akin to Icel.

<ets>fagna</ets> to rejoice, welcome. See <er>Fain</er>.]</ety>

<def>To court favor by low cringing, frisking, etc., as a dog; to

flatter meanly; -- often followed by <xex>on</xex> or

<xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<q>You showed your teeth like apes, and <qex>fawned</qex> like

hounds.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Thou with trembling fear,

Or like a <qex>fawning</qex> parasite, obeyest.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Courtiers who <qex>fawn</qex> on a master while they betray

him.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Fawn</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A servile cringe or bow; mean

flattery; sycophancy.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fawn"-col`ored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

color of a fawn; light yellowish brown.</def>



<hw>Fawn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who fawns;

a sycophant.</def>



<hw>Fawn"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fawning

manner.</def>



<hw>Faxed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>feaxede</ets> haired, fr. <ets>feax</ets> hair. Cf.

<er>Paxwax</er>.]</ety> <def>Hairy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>amden.</au>



<hw>Fay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>f\'82e</ets>. See <er>Fate</er>, and cf.

<er>Fairy</er>.]</ety> <def>A fairy; an elf.</def>

\'bdYellow-skirted <xex>fays</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fay</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>fei</ets>, F.

<ets>foi</ets>. See <er>Faith</er>.]</ety> <def>Faith; <as>as, by

my <ex>fay</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fay</hw> <pr>(f\'be)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>fayed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Faying</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>feien</ets>, v.t. & i., AS. <ets>f\'c7gan</ets> to

join, unite; akin to OS. <ets>f\'d3gian</ets>, D.

<ets>voegen</ets>, OHG. <ets>fuogen</ets>, G.

<ets>f\'81gen</ets>, Sw. <ets>foga</ets>. See <er>Fair</er>, and

cf. <er>Fadge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To fit;

to join; to unite closely, as two pieces of wood, so as to make

the surface fit together.</def>



<hw>Fay</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To

lie close together; to fit; to fadge; -- often with

<xex>in</xex>, <xex>into</xex>, <xex>with</xex>, or

<xex>together</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Faying surface</col>, <cd>that surface of an object

which comes with another object to which it is fastened; -- said

of plates, angle irons, etc., that are riveted together in

shipwork.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fay"al*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called

from the island <ets>Fayal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

black, greenish, or brownish mineral of the chrysolite group. It

is a silicate of iron.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fa`y*ence"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fa<?/ence</er>.</def>



<hw>Fay"tour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Faitour</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Faze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Feeze</er>.</def>



<hw>Faz"zo*let`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>fazzoletto</ets>.]</ety> <def>A handkerchief.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>percival.</au>



<hw>Fea"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov.

E. <ets>feabe</ets>, <ets>theabe</ets>, <ets>thape</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A gooseberry.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Feague</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>fegen</ets> to sweep, Icel. <ets>f\'91gia</ets> to cleanse,

polish, E. <ets>fair</ets>, <ets>fay</ets>, to fit,

<ets>fey</ets> to cleanse.]</ety> <def>To beat or whip; to

drive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Otway.</au>



<hw>Fe"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>feal</ets>, <ets>feel</ets>, <ets>feeil</ets>,

<ets>fedeil</ets>, F. <ets>fid\'8ale</ets>, L. <ets>fidelis</ets>

faithful, fr. <ets>fides</ets> faith. See <er>Faith</er>.]</ety>

<def>Faithful; loyal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Fe"al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>faute</ets>, OF. <ets>faut\'82</ets>, <ets>fealt\'82</ets>,

<ets>feel\'82</ets>, <ets>feelteit</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>fidelitas</ets>, fr. <ets>fidelis</ets> faithful. See

<er>Feal</er>, and cf. <ets>Fidelity</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Fidelity to one's lord; the feudal obligation by which the

tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord; the

special oath by which this obligation was assumed; fidelity to a

superior power, or to a government; loyality. It is no longer the

practice to exact the performance of fealty, as a feudal

obligation.</def>



<au>Wharton (Law Dict. ). Tomlins.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fidelity; constancy; faithfulness, as of a

friend to a friend, or of a wife to her husband.</def>



<q>He should maintain <qex>fealty</qex> to God.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<q>Makes wicked lightnings of her eyes, and saps

The <qex>fealty</qex> of our friends.</q>

<qau>tennyson.</qau>



<q>Swore <qex>fealty</qex> to the new government.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fealty</xex> is distinguished from

<xex>homage</xex>, which is an acknowledgment of tenure, while

<xex>fealty</xex> implies an oath. See <er>Homage</er>.</note>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Homage; loyality; fidelity; constancy.</syn>



<hw>Fear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A variant of

<er>Fere</er>, a mate, a companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fear</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fer</ets>,

<ets>feer</ets>, <ets>fere</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/r</ets> a coming

suddenly upon, fear, danger; akin to D. <ets>vaar</ets>, OHG.

<ets>f\'bera</ets> danger, G. <ets>gefahr</ets>, Icel.

<ets>f\'ber</ets> harm, mischief, plague, and to E.

<ets>fare</ets>, <ets>peril</ets>. See <er>Fare</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A painful emotion or passion excited by the

expectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending danger;

apprehension; anxiety; solicitude; alarm; dread.</def>



<note><hand/ The degrees of this passion, beginning with the most

moderate, may be thus expressed, -- <xex>apprehension</xex>,

<xex>fear</xex>, <xex>dread</xex>, <xex>fright</xex>,

<xex>terror</xex>.</note>



<q><qex>Fear</qex> is an uneasiness of the mind, upon the thought

of future evil likely to befall us.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>Where no hope is left, is left no <qex>fear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Apprehension

of incurring, or solicitude to avoid, God's wrath; the trembling

and awful reverence felt toward the Supreme Belng.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Respectful reverence for men of authority or

worth.</def>



<q>I will put my <qex>fear</qex> in their hearts.</q>

<qau>Jer. xxxii. 40.</qau>



<q>I will teach you the <qex>fear</qex> of the Lord.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxiv. 11.</qau>



<q>render therefore to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is

due . . . <qex>fear</qex> to whom <qex>fear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rom. xiii. 7.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which causes, or which is the object of,

apprehension or alarm; source or occasion of terror; danger;

dreadfulness.</def>



<q>There were they in great fear, where no <qex>fear</qex>

was.</q>

<qau>Ps. liii. 5.</qau>



<q>The <qex>fear</qex> of your adventure would counsel you to a

more equal enterprise.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>For fear</col>, <cd>in apprehension lest. \'bdFor

<xex>fear<xex> you ne'er see chain nor money more.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fear</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Feared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>feren</ets>,

<ets>faeren</ets>, to frighten, to be afraid, AS.

<ets>f</ets><?/ran to terrify. See <er>Fear</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feel a painful

apprehension of; to be afraid of; to consider or expect with

emotion of alarm or solicitude.</def>



<q>I will <qex>fear</qex> no evil, for thou art with me.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxiii. 4.</qau>



<note>With subordinate clause.</note>



<q>I greatly <qex>fear</qex> my money is not safe.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I almost <qex>fear</qex> to quit your hand.</q>

<qau>D. Jerrold.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a reverential awe of; to solicitous to

avoid the displeasure of.</def>



<q>Leave them to God above; him serve and <qex>fear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be anxious or solicitous for.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The sins of the father are to be laid upon the children,

therefore . . . I <qex>fear</qex> you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To suspect; to doubt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ay what else, <qex>fear</qex> you not her courage?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To affright; to terrify; to drive away or

prevent approach of by fear. z2</def>



<q><qex>fera</qex> their people from doing evil.</q>

<qau>Robynsin (More's utopia).</qau>



<q>Tush, tush! <qex>fear</qex> boys with bugs.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To apprehend; drad; reverence; venerate.</syn>



<hw>Fear</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be in apprehension of

evil; to be afraid; to feel anxiety on account of some expected

evil.</def>



<q>I exceedingly <qex>fear</qex> and quake.</q>

<qau>Heb. xii. 21.</qau>



<hw>Fear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fars.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Fear"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of fera, apprehension, or alarm; afraid;

frightened.</def>



<q>Anxious amidst all their success, and <qex>fearful</qex>

amidat all their power.</q>

<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>inclined to fear; easily frightened; without

courage; timid.</def>



<q>What man is there that is <qex>fearful</qex> and

fain-hearted?</q>

<qau>Deut. xx. 8.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Indicating, or caused by, fear.</def>



<q>Cold <qex>fearful</qex> drops stand on my trembling flesh.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Inspiring fear or awe; exciting apprehension or

terror; terrible; frightful; dreadful.</def>



<q>This glorious and <qex>fearful</qex> name, <sc>The Lord thy

God</sc>.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxviii. 58.</qau>



<q>Death is a <qex>fearful</qex> thing.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>In dreams they <qex>fearful</qex> precipices tread.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Apprehensive; afraid; timid; timorous; ho<?/rible;

distressing; shoking; frightful; dreadful; awful.</syn>



<hw>Fera"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fearful

manner.</def>



<hw>Fera"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

fearful.</def>



<hw>Fera"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from fear.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Bold; courageous; interpid; valor<?/ valiant;

brave;undaunted; dauntless; heroic.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fear"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fera"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fear"naught`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A fearless person.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stout woolen cloth of great thickness;

dreadnaught; also, a warm garment.</def>



<hw>Fear"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Frightful; causing fear</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark> \'bdThis

fearsome wind.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott</au>



<sn>2<sn> <def>. Easily frightened; timid; timorous. \'bdA silly

fearsome thing.\'bd</def>



<au>B. Taylor</au>



<-- p. 548 -->



<hw>Fea"si*bil*ity</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Feasibilities</plw> <pr>(-tiz)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[from

<er>Feasible</er>]</ety> <def>The quality of being feasible;

practicability; also, that which is feasible; <as>as, before we

adopt a plan, let us consider its

<ex>feasibility</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosities for

certainties, possibilities for <qex>feasibilities</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Fea"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>faisable</ets>, fr. <ets>faire</ets> to make or do, fr. L.

<ets>facere</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>, <er>Feat</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being done, executed, or effected;

practicable.</def>



<q>Always existing before their eyes as a thing

<qex>feasible</qex> in practice.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>It was not <qex>feasible</qex> to gratify so many

ambitions.</q>

<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fit to be used or tailed, as land.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>R. Trumbull.</au>



<wordforms><wf>Fea"si*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> 

--<wf>Fea"si*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Feast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>feste</ets> festival, holiday, feast, OF. <ets>feste</ets>

festival, F. <ets>f\'88te</ets>, fr. L. <ets>festum</ets>, pl.

<ets>festa</ets>, fr. <ets>festus</ets> joyful, festal; of

uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Fair</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Festal</er>, F<er><?/te</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

festival; a holiday; a solemn, or more commonly, a joyous,

anniversary.</def>



<q>The seventh day shall be a <qex>feast</qex> to the Lord.</q>

<qau>Ex. xiii. 6.</qau>



<q>Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the

<qex>feast</qex> of the passover.</q>

<qau>Luke ii. 41.</qau>



<note><hand/ Ecclesiastical <xex>fasts</xex> are called

<xex>immovable</xex> when they always occur on the same day of

the year; otherwise they are called <xex>movable</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A festive or joyous meal; a grand, ceremonious,

or sumptuous entertainment, of which many guests partake; a

banquet characterized by tempting variety and abundance of

food.</def>



<q>Enough is as good as a <qex>feast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>



<q>Belshazzar the King made a great <qex>feast</qex> to a

thousand of his lords.</q>

<qau>Dan. v. 1.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is partaken of, or shared in, with

delight; something highly agreeable; entertainment.</def>



<q>The <qex>feast</qex> of reason, and the flow of soul.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Feast day</col>, <cd>a holiday; a day set as a solemn

commemo<?/ative festival.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Entertainment; regale; banquet; treat; carousal;

festivity; festival.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Feast</er>,

<er>Banquet</er>, <er>Festival</er>, <er>Carousal</er>. A

<xex>feast</xex> sets before us viands superior in quantity,

variety, and abudance; a <xex>banquet</xex> is a luxurious feast;

a <xex>festival</xex> is the joyful celebration by good cheer of

some agreeable event. <xex>Carousal</xex> is unrestrained

indulgence in frolic and drink.</usage>



<hw>Feast</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Feasted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Feasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>festen</ets>, cf.

OF. <ets>fester</ets> to rest from work, F. <ets>f\'88ter</ets>

to celebrate a holiday. See <er>Feast</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To eat sumptuously; to dine or sup on rich

provisions, particularly in large companies, and on public

festivals.</def>



<q>And his sons went and <qex>feasted</qex> in their houses.</q>

<qau>Job. i. 4.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be highly gratified or delighted.</def>



<q>With my love's picture then my eye doth <qex>feast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Feast</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To entertain

with sumptuous provisions; to treat at the table bountifully;

<as>as, he was <ex>feasted</ex> by the king</as>.</def>



<au>Hayward.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To delight; to gratify; <as>as, to

<ex>feast</ex> the soul</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Feast</qex> your ears with the music a while.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Feast"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who fares deliciously.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who entertains magnificently.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Feast"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Festive;

festal; joyful; sumptuous; luxurious.</def>

\'bd<xex>Feastful</xex> days.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Feast"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Feat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fet</ets>, OF. <ets>fet</ets>, <ets>fait</ets>, F.

<ets>fait</ets>, <ets>factum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>facere</ets>,

<ets>factum</ets>, to make or do. Cf. <er>Fact</er>,

<er>Feasible</er>, <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An act; a

deed; an exploit.</def>



<q>The warlike <qex>feats</qex> I have done.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A striking act of strength, skill, or cunning; a

trick; <as>as, <ex>feats</ex> of horsemanship, or of

dexterity</as>.</def>



<hw>Feat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form; to fashion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To the more mature,

A glass that <qex>feated</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Feat</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Feater</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Featest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fait</ets> made,

shaped, fit, p.p. of <ets>faire</ets> to make or do. See

<er>Feat</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Dexterous in movements

or service; skillful; neat; nice; pretty.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Never master had a page . . . so <qex>feat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And look how well my garments sit upon me --

Much <qex>feater</qex> than before.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Feat"-bod`ied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

feat or trim body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Feat"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>faitis</ets>, <ets>faitice</ets>, <ets>fetis</ets>, well

made, fine, L. <ets>facticius</ets> made by art.]</ety>

<def>Dexterous; neat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Feat"e*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Feath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fether</ets>, AS. <ets>fe<?/der</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>veder</ets>, OHG. <ets>fedara</ets>, G. <ets>feder</ets>,

Icel. <ets>fj\'94<?/r</ets>, Sw. <ets>fj\'84der</ets>, Dan.

<ets>fj\'91der</ets>, Gr. <?/ wing, feather, <?/ to fly, Skr.

<ets>pattra</ets> wing, feathr, <ets>pat</ets> to fly, and prob.

to L. <ets>penna</ets> feather, wing. <root/76, 248. Cf.

<er>Pen</er> a feather.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the

peculiar dermal appendages, of several kinds, belonging to birds,

as contour feathers, quills, and down.</def>



<note><hand/ An ordinary feather consists of the quill or hollow

basal part of the stem; the shaft or rachis, forming the upper,

solid part of the stem; the vanes or webs, implanted on the

rachis and consisting of a series of slender lamin\'91 or barbs,

which usually bear barbicels and interlocking hooks by which they

are fastened together. See <er>Down</er>, <er>Quill</er>,

<er>Plumage</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Kind; nature; species; -- from the proverbial

phrase, \'bdBirds of a feather,\'b8 that is, of the same

species.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I am not of that <qex>feather</qex> to shake off

My friend when he must need me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The fringe of long hair on the legs of the

setter and some other dogs.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A tuft of peculiar, long, frizzly hair on a

horse.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>One of the fins or wings on the shaft of an

arrow.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mach. & Carp.)</fld> <def>A longitudinal strip

projecting as a fin from an object, to strengthen it, or to enter

a channel in another object and thereby prevent displacement

sidwise but permit motion lengthwise; a spline.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A thin wedge driven between the two

semicylindrical parts of a divided plug in a hole bored in a

stone, to rend the stone.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The angular adjustment of an oar or paddle-wheel

float, with reference to a horizontal axis, as it leaves or

enters the water.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Feather</xex> is used adjectively or in

combination, meaning <xex>composed of</xex>, or

<xex>resembling</xex>, <xex>a feather or feathers</xex>; as,

<xex>feather</xex> fan, <xex>feather</xex>-heeled,

<xex>feather</xex> duster.</note>



<cs>   <col>Feather alum</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a hydrous

sulphate of alumina, resulting from volcanic action, and from the

decomposition of iron pyrites; -- called also

<altname>halotrichite</altname>.</cd> <au>Ure.</au> --

<col>Feather bed</col>, <cd>a bed filled with feathers.</cd> --

<col>Feather driver</col>, <cd>one who prepares feathers by

beating.</cd> -- <col>Feather duster</col>, <cd>a dusting brush

of feathers.</cd> -- <col>Feather flower</col>, <cd>an artifical

flower made of feathers, for ladies' headdresses, and other

ornamental purposes.</cd> -- <col>Feather grass</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of grass (<spn>Stipa pennata</spn>)

which has a long feathery awn rising from one of the chaffy

scales which inclose the grain.</cd> -- <col>Feather maker</col>,

<cd>one who makes plumes, etc., of feathers, real or

artificial.</cd> -- <col>Feather ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,

<cd>a sulphide of antimony and lead, sometimes found in capillary

forms and like a cobweb, but also massive. It is a variety of

Jamesonite.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Feather shot</col>, <or/

<col>Feathered shot</col></mcol> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>copper

granulated by pouring into cold water.</cd> <au>Raymond.</au> --

<col>Feather spray</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the spray thrown

up, like pairs of feathers, by the cutwater of a fast-moving

vessel.</cd> -- <col>Feather star</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Comatula</er>.</cd> -- <col>Feather weight</col>.

<fld>(Racing)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Scrupulously exact weight,

so that a feather would turn the scale, when a jockey is weighed

or weighted.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The lightest weight that can

be put on the back of a horse in racing.</cd> <au>Youatt.</au>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>In wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to

the lightest of the classes into which contestants are

divided</cd>; -- in contradistinction to <contr>light

weight</contr>, <contr>middle weight</contr>, and <contr>heavy

weight</contr>.</cs>



<cs>   <col>A feather in the cap</col> <cd>an honour, trophy, or

mark of distinction.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To be in

full feather</col>, <cd>to be in full dress or in one's best

clothes.</cd> <mark>[Collog.]</mark> -- <col>To be in high

feather</col>, <cd>to be in high spirits.</cd>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark> -- <col>To cut a feather</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To make the water foam in

moving; in allusion to the ripple which a ship throws off from

her bows.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make one's self

conspicuous.</cd><mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To show the white

feather</col></mcol>, <cd>to betray cowardice, -- a white feather

in the tail of a cock being considered an indication that he is

not of the true game breed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Feath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Feathered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Feathering.</er>]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish

with a feather or feathers, as an arrow or a cap.</def>



<q>An eagle had the ill hap to be struck with an arrow

<qex>feathered</qex> from her own wing.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adorn, as with feathers; to fringe.</def>



<q>A few birches and oaks still <qex>feathered</qex> the narrow

ravines.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To render light as a feather; to give wings

to</def>.<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The Polonian story perhaps may <qex>feather</qex> some tedions

hours.</q>

<qau>Loveday.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To enrich; to exalt; to benefit.</def>



<q>They stuck not to say that the king cared not to plume his

nobility and people to <qex>feather</qex> himself.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To tread, as a cock.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>To feather one's nest</col>, <cd>to provide for one's

self especially from property belonging to another, confided to

one's care; -- an expression taken from the practice of birds

which collect feathers for the lining of their nests.</cd> --

<col>To feather an oar</col> <fld>(Naut)</fld>, <cd>to turn it

when it leaves the water so that the blade will be horizontal and

offer the least resistance to air while reaching for another

stroke.</cd> -- <col>To tar and feather a person</col>, <cd>to

smear him with tar and cover him with feathers, as a punishment

or an indignity.</cd></cs>



<hw>Feath"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow or

form feathers; to become feathered; -- often with <xex>out</xex>;

<as>as, the birds are <ex>feathering</ex> out</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To curdle when poured into another liquid, and

float about in little flakes or \'bdfeathers;\'b8 as, the cream

<xex>feathers</xex></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To turn to a horizontal plane; -- said of

oars.</def>



<q>The <qex>feathering</qex> oar returns the gleam.</q>

<qau>Tickell.</qau>



<q>Stopping his sculls in the air to <qex>feather</qex>

accurately.</q>

<qau>Macmillan's Mag.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To have the appearance of a feather or of

feathers; to be or to appear in feathery form.</def>



<q>A clump of ancient cedars <qex>feathering</qex> in evergreen

beauty down to the ground.</q>

<qau>Warren.</qau>



<q>The ripple <qex>feathering</qex> from her bows.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Feath"er-brained/</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Giddy; frivolous; feather-headed.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Feath"ered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Clothed, covered, or fitted with (or as with) feathers or

wings; <as>as, a <ex>feathered</ex> animal; a <ex>feathered</ex>

arrow.</as></def>



<q>Rise from the ground like <qex>feathered</qex> Mercury.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Nonsense <qex>feathered</qex> with soft and delicate phrases

and pointed with pathetic accent.</q>

<qau>Dr. J. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Furnished with anything featherlike; ornamented;

fringed; <as>as, land <ex>feathered</ex> with trees</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a fringe of

feathers, as the legs of certian birds; or of hairs, as the legs

of a setter dog.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having feathers; -- said of an

arrow, when the feathers are of a tincture different from that of

the shaft.</def>



<hw>Feath"er-edge/</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thin, new growth around the edge

of a shell, of an oyster.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any thin, as on a board or a razor.</def>



<hw>Feath"er-edged/</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a feather-edge; also, having one edge thinner than the other, as

a board; -- in the United States, said only of stuff one edge of

which is made as thin as practicable.</def>



<hw>Feath"er-few/</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Feverfew.</def>



<hw>Feath"er-foil`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Feather</ets> + <ets>foil</ets> a leaf.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aquatic plant (<spn>Hottonia

palustris</spn>), having finely divided leaves.</def>



<hw>Feath"er-head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

frivolous or featherbrained person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>H. James.</au>



<hw>Feath"er-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giddy;

frivolous; foolish.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Feath"er-heeled`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Light-heeled; gay; frisky; frolicsome.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Feath"er*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or condition of being feathery.</def>



<hw>Feath"er*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Foliation</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of turning the blade of the oar, as it

rises from the water in rowing, from a vertical to a horizontal

position. See <cref>To feather an oar</cref>, under

<er>Feather</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A covering of feathers.</def>



<cs><col>Feathering float</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the float

or paddle of a feathering wheel.</cd> -- <col>Feathering

screw</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a screw propeller, of which

the blades may be turned so as to move edgewise through the water

when the vessel is moving under sail alone.</cd> --

<col>Feathering wheel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a paddle

wheel whose floats turn automatically so as to dip about

perpendicularly into the water and leave in it the same way,

avoiding beating on the water in the descent and lifting water in

the ascent.</cd></cs>



<hw>Feath"er*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

feathers.</def>



<hw>Feath"er*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like feathers.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Feath"er-pat"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Feather-headed; frivolous.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Feath"er-veined`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the veins (of a leaf) diverging

from the two sides of a midrib.</def>



<hw>Feat"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or resembling, feathers; covered with, or as with, feathers;

<as>as, <ex>feathery</ex> spray or snow</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Ye <qex>feathery</qex> people of mid air.</q>

<qau>Barry Cornwall.</qau>



<hw>Feat"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Feat</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Neatly; dexterously;

nimbly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Foot <qex>featly</qex> here and there.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Feat"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Skill; adroitness.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fea"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>feture</ets> form, shape, feature, OF. <ets>faiture</ets>

fashion, make, fr. L. <ets>factura</ets> a making, formation, fr.

<ets>facere</ets>, <ets>factum</ets>, to make. See <er>Feat</er>,

<er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Facture</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The make, form, or outward appearance of a person; the whole

turn or style of the body; esp., good appearance.</def>



<q>What needeth it his <qex>feature</qex> to descrive?</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Cheated of <qex>feature</qex> by dissembling nature.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The make, cast, or appearance of the human face,

and especially of any single part of the face; a lineament.

(<pluf>pl.</pluf>) The face, the countenance.</def>



<q>It is for homely <qex>features</qex> to keep home.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The cast or structure of anything, or of any

part of a thing, as of a landscape, a picture, a treaty, or an

essay; any marked peculiarity or characteristic; <as>as, one of

the <ex>features</ex> of the landscape</as>.</def>



<q>And to her service bind each living creature

Through secret understanding of their <qex>feature</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A form; a shape.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>So scented the grim <qex>feature</qex>, and upturned

His nostril wide into the murky air.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fea"tured</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Shaped; fashioned.</def>



<q>How noble, young, how rarely <qex>featured</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having features; formed into features.</def>



<q>The well-stained canvas or the <qex>featured</qex> stone.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Fea"ture*less</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having no distinct or distinctive features.</def>



<hw>Fea"ture*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having features; showing

marked peculiarities; handsome.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Featurely</qex> warriors of Christian chivalry.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Feaze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Feazed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Feazing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>faseln</ets> to ravel, fr. AS.

<ets>f\'91s</ets> fringe; akin to G. <ets>fasen</ets> to separate

fibers or threads, <ets>fasen</ets>, <ets>faser</ets>, thread,

filament, OHG. <ets>faso</ets>.]</ety> <def>To untwist; to

unravel, as the end of a rope.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Feaze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Feese</er>.<-- now

<ets>faze</ets>-->]</ety> <def>To beat; to chastise; also, to

humble; to harass; to worry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>insworth.</au>



<hw>Feaze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of anxious or fretful

excitement; worry; vexation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Feaz"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Feaze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>The unlaid or ragged end of a rope.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Fe*bric"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>febricitare</ets>, fr. <ets>febris</ets>. See

<er>Febrile</er>.]</ety> <def>To have a fever.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Fe*bric"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>febriculosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Somewhat feverish.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Feb`ri*fa"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>febris</ets> fever + <ets>faciens</ets>, p.pr. of

<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Febrific.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>That which causes fever</def>.

<au>Beddoes.</au></def2>



<hw>Fe*brif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>febris</ets> fever + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing

fever; <as>as, a <ex>febriferous</ex> locality</as>.</def>



<hw>Fe*brif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>febris</ets> fever + <ets>ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make.

See <er>fy</er>-.]</ety> <def>Producing fever.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Fe*brif"u*gal</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Febrifuge</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of

mitigating or curing fever.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Feb"ri*fuge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>febris</ets> fever + <ets>fugare</ets> to put to flight,

from <ets>fugere</ets> to flee: cf. F. <ets>f\'82brifuge</ets>.

see <er>Febrile</er>, <er>Feverfew</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A medicine serving to mitigate or remove fever.</def> --

<def2><pos>a.</pos> <def>Antifebrile.</def></def2>



<hw>Fe"brile</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>f\'82brile</ets>, from L. <ets>febris</ets> fever. See

<er>Fever</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to fever; indicating

fever, or derived from it; <as>as, <ex>febrile</ex> symptoms;

<ex>febrile</ex> action.</as></def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Feb"ru*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Februarius</ets>, orig., the month of expiation, because on

the fifteenth of this month the great feast of expiation and

purification was held, fr. <ets>februa</ets>, pl., the Roman

festival or purification; akin to <ets>februare</ets> to purify,

expiate.]</ety> <def>The second month in the year, said to have

been introduced into the Roman calendar by Numa. In common years

this month contains twenty-eight days; in the bissextile, or leap

year, it has twenty-nine days.</def>



<hw>Feb`ru*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>februatio</ets>. See <er>february</er>.]</ety>

<def>Purification; a sacrifice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fe"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82cal</ets>. See <er>Feces</er>.]</ety> <def>relating to,

or containing, dregs, feces, or ordeure; f\'91cal.</def>



<hw>Fec"che</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

fetch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fe"ces</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>dregs;

sediment; excrement. See <er>F\'92ces</er>.</def>



<-- p. 549 -->



<hw>Fe"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fetialis</ets> belonging to the <ets>fetiales</ets>, the

Roman priests who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction

from the enemy before a formal declaration of war.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to heralds, declarations of war, and treaties of

peace; <as>as, <ex>fecial</ex> law</as>.</def>



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>Fe"ci*fork`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Feces</ets> + <ets>fork</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anal fork on which the larv\'91 of

certain insects carry their f\'91ces.</def>



<hw>Feck"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Perh. a

corruption of <ets>effectless</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spiritless;

weak; worthless.</def> <mark>[Scot]</mark>



<hw>Fecks</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A corruption of

the word <xex>faith</xex>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fec"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fecul\'92</plw></plu> <ety>[L.<ets>fae<?/ula</ets> burnt

tartar or salt of tartar, dim. of <ets>faex</ets>,

<ets>faecis</ets>, sediment, dregs: cf. F.

<ets>f\'82cule</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any pulverulent matter obtained

from plants by simply breaking down the texture, washing with

water, and subsidence.</def> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

nutritious part of wheat; starch or farina; -- called also

<altname>amylaceous fecula</altname></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> The

green matter of plants; chlorophyll.</def>



<hw>Fec"u*lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>faeculentia</ets> dregs, filth: cf. F.

<ets>f\'82culence</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or

quality of being feculent; muddiness; foulness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is feculent; sediment; lees;

dregs.</def>



<hw>Fec"u*len*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Feculence.</def>



<hw>Fec"u*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>faeculentus</ets>, fr. <ets>faecula</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>f\'82culent</ets>. See <er>Fecula</er>.]</ety> <def>Foul

with extraneous or impure substances; abounding with sediment or

excrementitious matter; muddy; thick; turbid.</def>



<q>Both his hands most filthy <qex>feculent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fec"und</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fecundus</ets>, from the root of <ets>fetus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>f\'82cond</ets>. see <er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <def>Fruitful in

children; prolific.</def>



<au>Graunt.</au>



<hw>Fec"un*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fecundated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fecundating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fecundare</ets>, fr.

<ets>fecundus</ets>. See <er>Fecund</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make fruitful or prolific.</def>



<au>W. Montagu.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To render fruitful or

prolific; to impregnate; <as>as, in flowers the pollen

<ex>fecundates</ex> the ovum through the stigma</as>.</def>



<hw>Fec`un*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82condation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act

by which, either in animals or plants, material prepared by the

generative organs the female organism is brought in contact with

matter from the organs of the male, so that a new organism

results; impregnation; fertilization.</def>



<hw>Fe*cun"di*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fecund</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make

fruitful; to fecundate.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fe*cun"di*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fecunditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>f\'82condit\'82</ets>. See

<er>Fecund</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or power of

producing fruit; fruitfulness; especially <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, the

quality in female organisms of reproducing rapidly and in great

numbers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power of germinating; as in seeds.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The power of bringing forth in abundance;

fertility; richness of invention; <as>as, the <ex>fecundity</ex>

of God's creative power</as>.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>Fed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Feed</er>.</def>



<hw>Fed"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

feodary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fed"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>foedus</ets> league, treaty, compact; akin to

<ets>fides</ets> faith: cf. F. <ets>f\'82d\'82ral</ets>. see

<er>Faith</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to a league or

treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties,

especially between nations; constituted by a compact between

parties, usually governments or their representatives.</def>



<q>The Romans compelled them, contrary to all <qex>federal</qex>

right, . . . to part with Sardinia.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Composed of states or

districts which retain only a subordinate and limited

sovereignty, as the <xex>Union</xex> of the United States, or the

<xex>Sonderbund</xex> of Switzerland.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Consisting or pertaining to such a government; <as>as, the

<ex>Federal</ex> Constitution; a <ex>Federal</ex>

officer</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Friendly or devoted to such

a government; <as>as, the <ex>Federal</ex> party</as>. see

<er>Federalist</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Federal Congress</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Congress</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fed"er*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Federalist</er>.</def>



<hw>Fed"er*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82d\'82ralisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>the principles of

Federalists or of federal union.</def>



<hw>Fed"er*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82d\'82raliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An advocate of

confederation; specifically <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld>, a friend of

the Constitution of the United States at its formation and

adoption; a member of the political party which favored the

administration of president Washington.</def>



<hw>Fed"er*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Federalized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Federalizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82d\'82raliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unite in compact, as

different States; to confederate for political purposes; to unite

by or under the Federal Constitution.</def>



<au>Barlow.</au>



<hw>Fed"er*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Federal</er>.]</ety> <def>A partner; a confederate; an

accomplice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>hak.</au>



<hw>Fed"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>foederatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>foederare</ets> to establish

by treaty or league, fr. <ets>foedus</ets>. See

<er>Federal</er>.]</ety> <def>United by compact, as

sovereignties, states, or nations; joined in confederacy;

leagued; confederate; <as>as, <ex>federate</ex>

nations</as>.</def>



<hw>Fed`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82d\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

uniting in a league; confederation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A league; a confederacy; a federal or

confederated government.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Fed"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82d\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uniting in a league;

forming a confederacy; federal.</def> \'bdA <xex>federative</xex>

society.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Fed"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>foeditas</ets>, fr. <ets>foedus</ets> foul, fikthy.]</ety>

<def>Turpitude; vileness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Fee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fe</ets>,

<ets>feh</ets>, <ets>feoh</ets>, cattle, property, money, fiet,

AS. <ets>feoh</ets> cattle, property, money; the senses of

\'bdproperty, money,\'b8 arising from cattle being used in early

times as a medium of exchange or payment, property chiefly

consisting of cattle; akin to OS. <ets>feuh</ets> cattle,

property, D. <ets>vee</ets> cattle, OHG. <ets>fihu</ets>,

<ets>fehu</ets>, G. <ets>vieh</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/</ets>

cattle, property, money, Goth. <ets>fa\'a1hu</ets>, L.

<ets>pecus</ets> cattle, pecunia property. money, Skr.

<ets>pa<?/u</ets> cattle, perh. orig., \'bda fastened or tethered

animal,\'b8 from a root signifying <ets>to bind</ets>, and perh.

akin to E. <ets>fang</ets>, <ets>fair</ets>, <pos>a.</pos>; cf.

OF. <ets>fie</ets>, <ets>flu</ets>, <ets>feu</ets>,

<ets>fleu</ets>, <ets>fief</ets>, F. <ets>fief</ets>, from

German, of the same origin. the sense <ets>fief</ets> is due to

the French. <?/ 249. Cf. <er>Feud</er>, <er>Fief</er>,

<er>Fellow</er>, <er>Pecuniary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>property; possession; tenure.</def> \'bdLaden with rich

<xex>fee</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Once did she hold the gorgeous East in <qex>fee</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reward or compensation for services rendered or

to be rendered; especially, payment for professional services, of

optional amount, or fixed by custom or laws; charge; pay;

perquisite; <as>as, the <ex>fees</ex> of lawyers and physicians;

the <ex>fees</ex> of office; clerk's <ex>fees</ex>; sheriff's

<ex>fees</ex>; marriage <ex>fees</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<q>To plead for love deserves more <qex>fee</qex> than hate.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>A right to the use of a

superior's land, as a stipend for services to be performed; also,

the land so held; a fief.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An estate of inheritance

supposed to be held either mediately or immediately from the

sovereign, and absolutely vested in the owner.</def>



<note><hand/ All the land in England, except the crown land, is

of this kind. An <xex>absolute fee</xex>, or <xex>fee

simple</xex>, is land which a man holds to himself and his heirs

forever, who are called <xex>tenants in fee simple</xex>. In

modern writers, by <xex>fee</xex> is usually meant <xex>fee

simple</xex>. A <xex>limited fee</xex> may be a

<xex>qualitified</xex> or <xex>base fee</xex>, which ceases with

the existence of certain conditions; or a <xex>conditional

fee</xex>, or <xex>fee tail</xex>, which is limited to particular

heirs.</note>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Amer. Law)</fld> <def>An estate of inheritance

belonging to the owner, and transmissible to his heirs,

absolutely and simply, without condition attached to the

tenure.</def>



<cs><col>Fee estate</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>land or

tenements held in fee in consideration or some acknowledgment or

service rendered to the lord.</cd> -- <col>Fee farm</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>land held of another in fee, in

consideration of an annual rent, without homage, fealty, or any

other service than that mentioned in the feoffment; an estate in

fee simple, subject to a perpetual rent.</cd>

<au>Blackstone.</au> -- <col>Fee farm rent</col> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld>, <cd>a perpetual rent reserved upon a conveyance in

fee simple.</cd> -- <col>Fee fund</col> <fld>(Scot. Law)</fld>,

<cd>certain court dues out of which the clerks and other court

officers are paid.</cd> -- <col>Fee simple</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an absolute fee; a fee without conditions

or limits.</cd>



<q>Buy the <qex>fee simple</qex> of my life for an hour and a

quarter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



-- <col>Fee tail</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an estate of

inheritance, limited and restrained to some particular

heirs.</cd> <au>Burill.</au></cs>



<hw>Fee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Feed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Feeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To reward for

services performed, or to be performed; to recompense; to hire or

keep in hire; hence, to bribe.</def>



<q>The patient . . . <qex>fees</qex> the doctor.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>There's not a one of them but in his house

I keep a servant <qex>feed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fee"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Feebler</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Feeblest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>feble</ets>, OF. <ets>feble</ets>,

<ets>flebe</ets>, <ets>floibe</ets>, <ets>floible</ets>,

<ets>foible</ets>, F. <ets>faible</ets>, L. <ets>flebilis</ets>

to be wept over, lamentable, wretched, fr. <ets>flere</ets> to

weep. Cf. <er>Foible</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Deficient in

physical strenght; weak; infirm; debilitated.</def>



<q>Carried all the <qex>feeble</qex> of them upon asses.</q>

<qau>2 Chron. xxviii. 15.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wanting force, vigor, or efficiency in action or

expression; not full, loud, bright, strong, rapid, etc.; faint;

<as>as, a <ex>feeble</ex> color; <ex>feeble</ex>

motion.</as></def> \'bdA lady's <xex>feeble</xex> voice.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fee"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make feble; to

enfeeble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Shall that victorious hand be <qex>feebled</qex> here?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fee"ble-mind"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Weak in

intellectual power; wanting firmness or constancy; irresolute;

vacilating; imbecile.</def> \'bdcomfort the

<xex>feeble-minded</xex>.\'b8



<au>1 Thess. v. 14.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fee"ble-mind"ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fee"ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

condition of being feeble; debility; infirmity.</def>



<q>That shakes for age and <qex>feebleness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fee"bly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a feeble

manner.</def>



<q>The restored church . . . contended <qex>feebly</qex>, and

with half a heart.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Feed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Feeding</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/dan</ets>, fr.

<ets>f<?/da</ets> food; akin to C?. <ets>f<?/dian</ets>, OFries

<ets>f<?/da</ets>, <ets>f<?/da</ets>, D. <ets>voeden</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fuottan</ets>, Icel. <ets>f\'91<?/a</ets>, Sw.

<ets>f\'94da</ets>, Dan. <ets>f\'94de</ets>. <?/ 75. See

<er>Food</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give food to; to supply

with nourishment; to satisfy the physical huger of.</def>



<q>If thine enemy hunger, <qex>feed</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Rom. xii. 20.</qau>



<q>Unreasonable reatures <qex>feed</qex> their young.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To satisfy; grafity or minister to, as any

sense, talent, taste, or desire.</def>



<q>I will <qex>feed</qex> fat the ancient grudge I bear him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Feeding</qex> him with the hope of liberty.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fill the wants of; to supply with that which

is used or wasted; <as>as, springs <ex>feed</ex> ponds; the

hopper <ex>feeds</ex> the mill; to <ex>feed</ex> a furnace with

coal.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To nourish, in a general sense; to foster,

strengthen, develop, and guard.</def>



<q>Thou shalt <qex>feed</qex> people Israel.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. v. 2.</qau>



<q>Mightiest powers by deepest calms are <qex>feed</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Cornwall.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as

herbage by cattle; <as>as, if grain is too forward in autumn,

<ex>feed</ex> it with sheep</as>.</def>



<q>Once in three years <qex>feed</qex> your mowing lands.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To give for food, especially to animals; to

furnish for consumption; <as>as, to <ex>feed</ex> out turnips to

the cows; to <ex>feed</ex> water to a steam boiler.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To supply (the

material to be operated upon) to a machine; <as>as, to

<ex>feed</ex> paper to a printing press</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>To produce progressive operation upon or with (as in wood

and metal working machines, so that the work moves to the cutting

tool, or the tool to the work).</def>



<hw>Feed</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take food; to

eat.</def>



<q>Her kid . . . which I afterwards killed because it would not

<qex>feed</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Foe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subject by eating; to satisfy the appetite;

to feed one's self (upon something); to prey; -- with

<xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<q>Leaving thy trunk for crows to <qex>feed</qex> upon.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be nourished, strengthened, or satisfied, as

if by food.</def> \'bdHe <xex>feeds</xex> upon the cooling

shade.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To place cattle to feed; to pasture; to

graze.</def>



<q>If a man . . . shall put in his beast, and shall

<qex>feed</qex> in anothe<?/ man's field.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxii. 5.</qau>



<hw>Feed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which is eaten; esp., food for beasts; fodder; pasture; hay;

grain, ground or whole; <as>as, the best <ex>feed</ex> for

sheep</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grazing or pasture ground.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An allowance of provender given to a horse, cow,

etc.; a meal; <as>as, a <ex>feed</ex> of corn or oats</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A meal, or the act of eating.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>For such pleasure till that hour

At <qex>feed</qex> or fountain never had I found.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The water supplied to steam boilers.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The motion, or

act, of carrying forward the stuff to be operated upon, as cloth

to the needle in a sewing machine; or of producing progressive

operation upon any material or object in a machine, as, in a

turning lathe, by moving the cutting tool along or in the

work.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The supply of material to a

machine, as water to a steam boiler, coal to a furnace, or grain

to a run of stones.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The mechanism by

which the action of feeding is produced; a feed motion.</def>



<cs><col>Feed bag</col>, <cd>a nose bag containing feed for a

horse or mule.</cd> -- <col>Feed cloth</col>, <cd>an apron for

leading cotton, wool, or other fiber, into a machine, as for

carding, etc.</cd> -- <col>Feed door</col>, <cd>a door to a

furnace, by which to supply coal.</cd> -- <col>Feed head</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A cistern for feeding water by gravity to a

steam boiler.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <cd>An

excess of metal above a mold, which serves to render the casting

more compact by its pressure; -- also called a

<altname>riser</altname>, <altname>deadhead</altname>, or simply

<altname>feed</altname> or <altname>head</altname></cd>

<au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Feed heater</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <cd>A vessel in which the feed water

for the boiler is heated, usually by exhaust steam.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A boiler or kettle in which is heated food for

stock.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Feed motion</col>, <or/ <col>Feed

gear</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the train of mechanism

that gives motion to the part that directly produces the feed in

a machine.</cd> -- <col>Feed pipe</col>, <cd>a pipe for supplying

the boiler of a steam engine, etc., with water.</cd> -- <col>Feed

pump</col>, <cd>a force pump for supplying water to a steam

boiler, etc.</cd> -- <col>Feed regulator</col>, <cd>a device for

graduating the operation of a feeder.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> --

<col>Feed screw</col>, <cd>in lathes, a long screw employed to

impart a regular motion to a tool rest or tool, or to the

work.</cd> -- <col>Feed water</col>, <cd>water supplied to a

steam boiler, etc.</cd> -- <col>Feed wheel</col>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of feeder. See <er>Feeder</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 8.</cd></cs>



<hw>Feed"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, gives food or supplies nourishment;

steward.</def>



<q>A couple of friends, his chaplain and <qex>feeder</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who furnishes incentives; an

encourager.</def> \'bdThe <xex>feeder</xex> of my riots.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who eats or feeds; specifically, an animal

to be fed or fattened.</def>



<q>With eager feeding, food doth choke the <qex>feeder</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who fattens cattle for slaughter.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A stream that flows into another body of water;

a tributary; specifically <fld>(Hydraulic Engin.)</fld>, a water

course which supplies a canal or reservoir by gravitation or

natural flow.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A branch railroad, stage line, or the like; a

side line which increases the business of the main line.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small lateral

lode falling into the main lode or mineral vein.</def>

<au>Ure.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A strong discharge of gas from a

fissure; a blower</def>. <au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>An auxiliary part of a

machine which supplies or leads along the material operated

upon.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A device for supplying

steam boilers with water as needed.</def>



<hw>Feed"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>the act of

eating, or of supplying with food; the process of

fattening.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is eaten; food.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which furnishes or affords food, especially

for animals; pasture land.</def>



<cs><col>Feeding bottle</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Bottle</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fee`-faw`-fum"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

nonsensical exclamation attributed to giants and ogres; hence,

any expression calculated to impose upon the timid and

ignorant.</def> \'bdImpudent <xex>fee-faw-fums</xex>.\'b8



<au>J. H. Newman.</au>



<hw>Fee"jee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Ethnol)</fld> <def>See <er>Fijian</er>.</def>



<hw>Feel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Felt</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Feeling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/lan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>gif<?/lian</ets>

to perceive, D. <ets>voelen</ets> to feel, OHG.

<ets>fuolen</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81hlen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>f\'belma</ets> to grope, and prob. to AS. <ets>folm</ets>

paim of the hand, L. <ets>palma</ets>. Cf. <er>Fumble</er>,

<er>Palm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To perceive by the touch;

to take cognizance of by means of the nerves of sensation

distributed all over the body, especially by those of the skin;

to have sensation excited by contact of (a thing) with the body

or limbs.</def>



<q>Who <qex>feel</qex>

Those rods of scorpions and those whips of steel.</q>

<qau>Creecn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To touch; to handle; to examine by touching;

<as>as, <ex>feel</ex> this piece of silk</as>; hence, to make

trial of; to test; often with <ex>out</ex>.</def>



<q>Come near, . . . that I may <qex>feel</qex> thee, my son.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxvii. 21.</qau>



<q>He hath this to <qex>feel</qex> my affection to your

honor.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To perceive by the mind; to have a sense of; to

experience; to be affected by; to be sensible of, or sensetive

to; <as>as, to <ex>feel</ex> pleasure; to <ex>feel</ex>

pain.</as></def>



<q>Teach me to <qex>feel</qex> another's woe.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Whoso keepeth the commandment shall <qex>feel</qex> no evil

thing.</q>

<qau>Eccl. viii. 5.</qau>



<q>He best can paint them who shall <qex>feel</qex> them

most.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Mankind have <qex>felt</qex> their strength and made it

<qex>felt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To take internal cognizance of; to be conscious

of; to have an inward persuasion of.</def>



<q>For then, and not till then, he <qex>felt</qex> himself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To perceive; to observe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>To feel the helm</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to obey

it.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 550 -->



<hw>Feel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

have perception by the touch, or by contact of anything with the

nerves of sensation, especially those upon the surface of the

body.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have the sensibilities moved or

affected</def>.



<q>[She] <qex>feels</qex> with the dignity of a Roman matron</q>.

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>And mine as man, who <qex>feel</qex> for all mankind.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be conscious of an inward impression, state

of mind, persuasion, physical condition, etc.; to perceive one's

self to be; -- followed by an adjective describing the state,

etc.; <as>as, to <ex>feel</ex> assured, grieved,

persuaded</as>.</def>



<q>I then did <qex>feel</qex> full sick.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To know with feeling; to be conscious; hence, to

know certainly or without misgiving.</def>



<q>Garlands . . . which I <qex>feel</qex>

I am not worthy yet to wear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To appear to the touch; to give a perception; to

produce an impression by the nerves of sensation; -- followed by

an adjective describing the kind of sensation.</def>



<q>Blind men say black <qex>feels</qex> rough, and white

<qex>feels</qex> smooth.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>To feel after</col>, <cd>to search for; to seek to find;

to seek as a person groping in the dark. \'bdIf haply they might

<xex>feel after<xex> him, and find him.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Acts xvii. 27.</au>



<cs><col>- To feel of</col>, <cd>to examine by

touching.</cd></cs>



<hw>Feel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Feeling; perception.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>To intercept and have a more kindly <qex>feel</qex> of its

genial warmth.</q>

<qau>Hazlitt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sensation communicated by touching; impression

made upon one who touches or handles; <as>as, this leather has a

greasy <ex>feel</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The difference between these two tumors will be distinguished

by the <qex>feel</qex>.</q>

<qau>S. Sharp.</qau>



<hw>Feel"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, feels.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the sense organs or

certain animals (as insects), which are used in testing objects

by touch and in searching for food; an antenna; a palp.</def>



<q>Insects . . . perpetually feeling and searching before them

with their <qex>feelers</qex> or antenn\'91.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything, as a proposal, observation, etc., put

forth or thrown out in order to ascertain the views of others;

something tentative.</def>



<hw>Feel"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing

great sensibility; easily affected or moved; <as>as, a

<ex>feeling</ex> heart</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressive of great sensibility; attended by, or

evincing, sensibility; <as>as, he made a <ex>feeling</ex>

representation of his wrongs</as>.</def>



<hw>Feel"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sense by

which the mind, through certain nerves of the body, perceives

external objects, or certain states of the body itself; that one

of the five senses which resides in the general nerves of

sensation distributed over the body, especially in its surface;

the sense of touch; nervous sensibility to external

objects.</def>



<q>Why was the sight

To such a tender ball as the eye confined, . . . 

And not, as <qex>feeling</qex>, through all parts diffused?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act or state of perception by the sense above

described; an act of apprehending any object whatever; an act or

state of apprehending the state of the soul itself;

consciousness.</def>



<q>The apprehension of the good

Gives but the greater feeling to the worse.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The capacity of the soul for emotional states; a

high degree of susceptibility to emotions or states of the

sensibility not dependent on the body; <as>as, a man of

<ex>feeling</ex>; a man destitute of <ex>feeling</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any state or condition of emotion; the exercise

of the capacity for emotion; any mental state whatever; <as>as, a

right or a wrong <ex>feeling</ex> in the heart; our angry or

kindly <ex>feelings</ex>; a <ex>feeling</ex> of pride or of

humility.</as></def>



<q>A fellow <qex>feeling</qex> makes one wondrous kind.</q>

<qau>Garrick.</qau>



<q>Tenderness for the <qex>feelings</qex> of others.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That quality of a work of art which embodies the

mental emotion of the artist, and is calculated to affect

similarly the spectator.</def>



<qau>Fairholt.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Sensation; emotion; passion; sentiment; agitation;

opinion. See <er>Emotion</er>, <er>Passion</er>,

<er>Sentiment</er>.</syn>



<hw>Feel"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a feeling manner;

pathetically; sympathetically.</def>



<hw>Feere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fere</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A consort, husband or

wife; a companion; a fere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Feese</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>fesien</ets> to put to flight, AS. <ets>f\'c7sian</ets>,

<ets>f\'dfsian</ets>, <ets>f\'dfsan</ets>, fr. <ets>f\'d4s</ets>,

prompt, willing.]</ety> <def>the short run before a leap.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Feet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Foot</er>.</def>



<hw>Feet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Feat</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Fact; performance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Feet"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of feet; <as>as,

<ex>feetless</ex> birds</as>.</def>



<hw>Feeze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[For sense 1,

cf. F. <ets>visser</ets> to screw, <ets>vis</ets> screw, or 1st

E. <ets>feaze</ets>, v.t.: for sense 2, see

<er>Feese</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn, as a

screw.</def> <mark>[Scot]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beat; to chastise; to humble; to worry.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>feaze</asp>,

<asp>feize</asp>, <asp>pheese</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<cs><col>To feeze up</col>, <cd>to work into a passion.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Feeze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fretful excitement.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Feaze</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Feh"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Fehling's solution</cref>,

under <er>Solution</er>.</def>



<hw>Feh"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Vehmic</er>.</def>



<hw>Feign</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Feigned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Feigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>feinen</ets>, F.

<ets>feindre</ets> (p. pr. <ets>feignant</ets>), fr. L.

<ets>fingere</ets>; akin to L. <ets>figura</ets> figure,and E.

<ets>dough</ets>. See <er>Dough</er>, and cf. <er>Figure</er>,

<er>Faint</er>, <er>Effigy</er>, <er>Fiction</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a mental existence to, as to something

not real or actual; to imagine; to invent; hence, to pretend; to

form and relate as if true.</def>



<q>There are no such things done as thou sayest, but thou

<qex>feignest</qex> them out of thine own heart.</q>

<qau>Neh. vi. 8.</qau>



<q>The poet

Did <qex>feign</qex> that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and

floods.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To represent by a false appearance of; to

pretend; to counterfeit; <as>as, to <ex>feign</ex> a

sickness</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To dissemble; to conceal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Feigned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not real or

genuine; pretended; counterfeit; insincere; false.</def> \'bdA

<xex>feigned</xex> friend.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of

<qex>feigned</qex> lips.</q>

<qau>Ps. xvii. 1.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Feign"ed*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

-- <wf>Feign"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her

whole heart, but <qex>feignedly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. iii. 10.</qau>



<cs><col>Feigned issue</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an issue

produced in a pretended action between two parties for the

purpose of trying before a jury a question of fact which it

becomes necessary to settle in the progress of a cause.</cd>

<au>Burill. Bouvier.</au></cs>



<hw>Feign"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who feigns

or pretends.</def>



<hw>Feign"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That feigns; insincere;

not genuine; false.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Feign"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Feine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To

feign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Feint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>feint</ets>, p.p. of <ets>feindre</ets> to feign. See

<er>Feign</er>.]</ety> <def>Feigned; counterfeit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Dressed up into any <qex>feint</qex> appearance of it.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Feint</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>feinte</ets>, fr.

<ets>feint</ets>. See <er>Feint</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is feigned; an assumed or false

appearance; a pretense; a stratagem; a fetch.</def>



<q>Courtley's letter is but a <qex>feint</qex> to get off.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mock blow or attack on one part when another

part is intended to be struck; -- said of certain movements in

fencing, boxing, war, etc.</def>



<hw>Feint</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a feint, or mock

attack.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fei`tsui"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The Chinese name for a highly prized

variety of pale green jade. See <er>Jade</er>.</def>



<hw>Feize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Feeze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Fel"an*ders</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Filanders</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Feld"spar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Feld"spath`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>feldspath</ets>; <ets>feld</ets> field + <ets>spath</ets>

spar.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given to a group of

minerals, closely related in crystalline form, and all silicates

of alumina with either potash, soda, lime, or, in one case,

baryta. They occur in crystals and crystalline masses, vitreous

in luster, and breaking rather easily in two directions at right

angles to each other, or nearly so. The colors are usually white

or nearly white, flesh-red, bluish, or greenish.</def>



<note><hand/ The group includes the monoclinic

(<xex>orthoclastic</xex>) species <xex>orthoclase</xex> or common

potash feldspar, and the rare <xex>hyalophane</xex> or baryta

feldspar; also the triclinic species (called in general

<xex>plagioclase</xex>) <xex>microcline</xex>, like orthoclase a

potash feldspar; <xex>anorthite</xex> or lime feldspar;

<xex>albite</xex> or soda feldspar; also intermediate between the

last two species, <xex>labradorite</xex>, <xex>andesine</xex>,

<xex>oligoclase</xex>, containing both lime and soda in varying

amounts. The feldspars are essential constituents of nearly all

crystalline rocks, as granite, gneiss, mica, slate, most kinds of

basalt and trachyte, etc. The decomposition of feldspar has

yielded a large part of the clay of the soil, also the mineral

kaolin, an essential material in the making of fine pottery.

Common feldspar is itself largely used for the same

purpose.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Feld*spath"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Feld*spath"ose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, feldspar.</def>



<hw>Fele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fela</ets>, <ets>feola</ets>; akin to G. <ets>viel</ets>,

gr. <?/. See <er>Full</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Many.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fe-lic"ify</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>felix</ets> happy = <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make

happy; to felicitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Quarles.</au>



<hw>Fe*lic"i-tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>felicitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>felicitare</ets> to

felicitate, fr. <ets>felix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, happy. See

<er>felicity</er>.]</ety> <def>Made very happy.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>I am alone <qex>felicitate</qex>

In your dear highness' love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fe*lic"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Felicitated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>felicitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82liciter</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make very

happy; to delight.</def>



<q>What a glorius entertainment and pleasure would fill and

<qex>felicitate</qex> his spirit.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To express joy or pleasure to; to wish felicity

to; to call or consider (one's self) happy; to

congratulate.</def>



<q>Every true heart must <qex>felicitate</qex> itself that its

lot is cast in this kingdom.</q>

<qau>W. Howitt.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Congratulate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fe*lic`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>f\'82licitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

felicitating; a wishing of joy or happiness;

congratulation.</def>



<hw>Fe*lic"i*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by felicity; happy; prosperous; delightful;

skilful; successful; happily applied or expressed;

appropriate.</def>



<q><qex>Felicitous</qex> words and images.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fe*lic"i*tous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fe*lic"i*tous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fe*lic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Felicities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>felicite</ets>, F. <ets>f\'82licit\'82</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>felicitas</ets>, fr. <ets>felix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>,

happy, fruitful; akin to <ets>fetus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being happy; blessedness; blissfulness;

enjoyment of good.</def>



<q>Our own <qex>felicity</qex> we make or find.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<q>Finally, after this life, to attain everlasting joy and

<qex>felicity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Book of Common Prayer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which promotes happiness; a successful or

gratifying event; prosperity; blessing.</def>



<q>the <qex>felicities</qex> of her wonderful reign.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pleasing faculty or accomplishment; <as>as,

<ex>felicity</ex> in painting portraits, or in writing or

talking</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Felicity</xex> of expression.\'b8



<au>Bp. Warburton.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Happiness; bliss; beatitude; blessedness;

blissfulness. See <er>Happiness</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fe"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>felinus</ets>, fr. <ets>feles</ets>, <ets>felis</ets>, cat,

prob. orig., the fruitful: cf. F. <ets>f\'82lin</ets>. See

<er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Catlike; of or pertaining to the genus Felis, or family

<spn>Felid\'91</spn>; <as>as, the <ex>feline</ex> race;

<ex>feline</ex> voracity.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characteristic of cats; sly; stealthy;

treacherous; <as>as, a <ex>feline</ex> nature; <ex>feline</ex>

manners.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8Fe"lis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

cat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of carnivorous

mammals, including the domestic cat, the lion, tiger, panther,

and similar animals.</def>



<hw>Fell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Fall</er>.</def>



<hw>Fell</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fel</ets>, OF.

<ets>fel</ets> cruel, fierce, perfidious; cf. AS. <ets>fel</ets>

(only in comp.) OF. <ets>fel</ets>, as a noun also accus.

<ets>felon</ets>, is fr. LL. <ets>felo</ets>, of unknown origin;

cf. Arm <ets>fall</ets> evil, Ir. <ets>feal</ets>, Arm.

<ets>falloni</ets> treachery, Ir. & Gael. <ets>feall</ets> to

betray; or cf. OHG. <ets>fillan</ets> to flay, torment, akin to

E. <ets>fell</ets> skin. Cf. <er>Felon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Cruel; barbarous; inhuman; fierce; savage; ravenous.</def>



<q>While we devise <qex>fell</qex> tortures for thy faults.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Eager; earnest; intent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I am so <qex>fell</qex> to my business.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<hw>Fell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>fel</ets> gall,

bile, or E. <ets>fell</ets>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Gall;

anger; melancholy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Untroubled of vile fear or bitter <qex>fell</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>fell</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>vel</ets>, OHG. <ets>fel</ets>, G. <ets>fell</ets>, Icel.

<ets>fell</ets> (in comp.), Goth <ets>fill</ets> in

\'edruts<ets>fill</ets> leprosy, L. <ets>pellis</ets> skin, G.

<?/. Cf. <er>Film</er>, <er>Peel</er>, <er>Pell</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A skin or hide of a beast with the wool

or hair on; a pelt; -- used chiefly in composition, as

wool<xex>fell</xex>.</def>



<q>We are still handling our ewes, and their <qex>fells</qex>,

you know, are greasy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>fell</ets>, <ets>fjally</ets>; akin to Sw.

<ets>fj\'84ll</ets> a ridge or chain of mountains, Dan.

<ets>fjeld</ets> mountain, rock and prob. to G. <ets>fels</ets>

rock, or perh. to <ets>feld</ets> field, E.

<ets>field</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A barren or rocky

hill.</def>



<au>T. Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wild field; a moor.</def>



<au>Dryton.</au>



<hw>Fell</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Felled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Felling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>fellan</ets>, a

causative verb fr. <ets>feallan</ets> to fall; akin to D.

<ets>vellen</ets>, G. <ets>f\'84llen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>fella</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'84lla</ets>, Dan.

<ets>f\'91lde</ets>. See <er>Fall</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To cause to fall; to prostrate; to bring down or to the

ground; to cut down.</def>



<q>Stand, or I'll <qex>fell</qex> thee down.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The finer

portions of ore which go through the meshes, when the ore is

sorted by sifting.</def>



<hw>Fell</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>fill</ets>

to fold, plait, Sw. <ets>f\'86ll</ets> a hem.]</ety> <def>To sew

or hem; -- said of seams.</def>



<hw>Fell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Sewing)</fld>

<def>A form of seam joining two pieces of cloth, the edges being

folded together and the stitches taken through both

thicknesses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>The end of a web, formed by

the last thread of the weft.</def>



<hw>Fell"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fit to be

felled.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fel"lah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. Ar.

<plw>Fellahin</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Fellahs</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>A peasant or cultivator

of the soil among the Egyptians, Syrians, etc.</def>



<au>W. M. Thomson.</au>



<hw>Fell"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, fells, knocks or cuts down; a machine for felling

trees.</def>



<hw>Fell"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An appliance to a sewing

machine for felling a seam.</def>



<hw>Fell"tare`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>fealafor</ets>, and E. <ets>fieldfare</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fieldfare.</def>



<hw>Fel-lif"lu-ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fellifuus</ets>; <ets>fel</ets> gall + <ets>fluere</ets> to

flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing with gall.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fel*lin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fel</ets>, <ets>fellis</ets>, gall.]</ety> <def>Of, relating

to, or derived from, bile or gall; <as>as, <ex>fellinic</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Fell"mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dealer

in fells or sheepskins, who separates the wool from the

pelts.</def>



<hw>Fell"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Fell</er>

cruel.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being fell or cruel;

fierce barbarity.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fel"loe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Felly</er>.</def>



<hw>Fel"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Variant of

<er>Felon</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Those two were foes the <qex>fellonest</qex> on ground.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fel"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>felawe</ets>, <ets>felaghe</ets>, Icel.

<ets>f\'c7lagi</ets>, fr. <ets>f\'c7lag</ets> companionship,

prop., a laying together of property; <ets>f\'c7</ets> property +

<ets>lag</ets> a laying, pl. <ets>l\'94g</ets> law, akin to

<ets>liggja</ets> to lie. See <er>Fee</er>, and <er>Law</er>,

<er>Lie</er> to be low.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A companion; a

comrade; an associate; a partner; a sharer.</def>



<q>The <qex>fellows</qex> of his crime.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>We are <qex>fellows</qex> still,

Serving alike in sorrow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>That enormous engine was flanked by two <qex>fellows</qex>

almost of equal magnitude.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<note><hand/ Commonly used of men, but sometimes of women.</note>



<au>Judges xi. 37.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble

or mean man.</def>



<q>Worth makes the man, and want of it, the

<qex>fellow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An equal in power, rank, character, etc.</def>



<q>It is impossible that ever Rome

Should breed thy <qex>fellow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of a pair, or of two things used together or

suited to each other; a mate; the male.</def>



<q>When they be but heifers of one year, . . . they are let go to

the <qex>fellow</qex> and breed.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<q>This was my glove; here is the <qex>fellow</qex> of it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A person; an individual.</def>



<q>She seemed to be a good sort of <qex>fellow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>In the English universities, a scholar who is

appointed to a foundation called a <xex>fellowship</xex>, which

gives a title to certain perquisites and privileges.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>In an American college or university, a member

of the corporation which manages its business interests; also, a

graduate appointed to a fellowship, who receives the income of

the foundation.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A member of a literary or scientific society;

<as>as, a <ex>Fellow</ex> of the Royal Society</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fellow</xex> is often used in compound words,

or adjectively, signifying <xex>associate</xex>,

<xex>companion</xex>, or sometimes <xex>equal</xex>. Usually,

such compounds or phrases are self-explanatory; as,

<xex>fellow</xex>-citizen, or <xex>fellow</xex> citizen;

<xex>fellow</xex>-student, or <xex>fellow</xex> student;

<xex>fellow</xex>-workman, or <xex>fellow</xex> workman;

<xex>fellow</xex>-mortal, or <xex>fellow</xex> mortal;

<xex>fellow</xex>-sufferer; bed<xex>fellow</xex>;

play<xex>fellow</xex>; work<xex>fellow</xex>.</note>



<q>Were the great duke himself here, and would lift up

My head to <qex>fellow</qex> pomp amongst his nobles.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<hw>Fel"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To suit

with; to pair with; to match.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fel"low-com"mon*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

student at Cambridge University, England, who <xex>commons</xex>,

or dines, at the Fellow's table.</def>



<hw>Fel"low-crea"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One of the same race or kind; one made by the same

Creator.</def>



<q>Reason, by which we are raised above our

<qex>fellow-creatures</qex>, the brutes.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<hw>Fel"low*feel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

share through sympathy; to participate in.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>D. Rodgers.</au>



<hw>Fel"low-feel"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Sympathy; a like feeling.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Joint interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Fel"low*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without fellow or

equal; peerless.</def>



<q>Whose well-built walls are rare and <qex>fellowless</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Fel"low*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

companion; companionable; on equal terms; sympathetic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>Fel"low*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fellowlike.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 551 -->



<hw>Fel"low*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Fellow +

-ship.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or relation of being or

associate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Companionship of persons on equal and friendly

terms; frequent and familiar intercourse.</def>



<q>In a great town, friends are scattered, so that there is not

that <qex>fellowship</qex> which is in less neighborhods.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Men are made for society and mutual <qex>fellowship</qex>.</q>

<qau>Calamy.</qau>



<-- p. 551 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A state of being together; companionship;

partnership; association; hence, confederation; joint

interest.</def>



<q>The great contention of the sea and skies

Parted our <qex>fellowship</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Fellowship</qex> in pain divides not smart</q>.

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Fellowship<qex> in woe doth woe assuage</q>.

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The goodliest <qex>fellowship</qex> of famous knights,

Whereof this world holds record.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Those associated with one, as in a family, or a

society; a company.</def>



<q>The sorrow of Noah with his <qex>fellowship</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>With that a joyous <qex>fellowship</qex> issued

Of minstrels.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>(Eng. & Amer. Universities) A foundation for the

maintenance, on certain conditions, of a scholar called a fellow,

who usually resides at the university.</def>

<-- why "foundation"? stipend is more accurate now.  This use is

sense 4 of this dictionary, an "endowment" -->



<sn>6.</sn> <def>(Arith.) The rule for dividing profit and loss

among partners; -- called also partnership, company, and

distributive proportion.</def>



<hw>Good fellowship</hw><def>, companionableness; the spirit and

disposition befitting comrades.</def>



<q>There's neither honesty, manhood, nor good

<qex>fellowship</qex> in thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fel"low*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fellowshiped</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>.

<er>Fellowshiping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>(Eccl.) To acknowledge

as of good standing, or in communion according to standards of

faith and practice; to admit to Christian fellowship.</def>



<hw>Fel"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, adv. In a fell or cruel

manner; fiercely; barbarously; savagely.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fel"ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fellies</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>feli</ets>,

<ets>felwe</ets>, <ets>felow</ets>, AS. <ets>felg</ets>,

<ets>felge</ets>; akin to D. <ets>velg</ets>, G.

<ets>felge</ets>, OHG. <ets>felga</ets> felly (also, a harrow,

but prob. a different word), Dan. <ets>felge</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The exterior wooden rim, or a segment of the rim, of a

wheel, supported by the spokes.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>felloe</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>Break all the spokes and <qex>fellies</qex> from her

wheel.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fe"lo-de-se`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Felos-de-se</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL.

<ets>felo</ets>, E. <ets>felon</ets> + <ets>de</ets> of,

concerning + <ets>se</ets> self.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One

who deliberately puts an end to his own existence, or loses his

life while engaged in the commission of an unlawful or malicious

act; a suicide.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Fel"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., adj.,

cruel, <pos>n.</pos>, villain, ruffian, traitor, whitlow, F.

<ets>f\'82lon</ets> traitor, in OF. also, villain, fr. LL.

<ets>felo</ets>. See Fell, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person who has committed a felony.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person guilty or capable of heinous

crime.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of whitlow; a painful

imflammation of the periosteum of a finger, usually of the last

joint.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Criminal; convict; malefactor; culprit.</syn>



<hw>Fel"on</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characteristic of a felon;

malignant; fierce; malicious; cruel; traitorous; disloyal.</def>



<q>Vain shows of love to vail his felon hate.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Fe*lo"ni-ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

quality of felony; malignant; malicious; villainous; traitorous;

perfidious; in a legal sense, done with intent to commit a crime;

<as>as, <ex>felonious</ex> homicide</as>.</def>



<q>O thievish Night,

Why should'st thou, but for some <qex>felonious</qex> end,

In thy dark lantern thus close up the stars?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fe*lo"ni-ous-ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fe*lo"ni-ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fel"o*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>feloneus</ets>. Cf. <er>Felonious</er>.]</ety> <def>Wicked;

felonious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fel"on*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A body of

felons; specifically, the convict population of a penal

colony.</def>



<au>Howitt.</au>



<hw>Fel"on*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bittersweet nightshade (<spn>Solanum

Dulcamara</spn>). See <er>Bittersweet</er>.</def>



<hw>Fel"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Felonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>felonie</ets> cruelty, OF. <ets>felonie</ets>, F.

<ets>f\'82lonie</ets> treachery, malice. See <er>Felon</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>An

act on the part of the vassal which cost him his fee by

forfeiture.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>An offense which

occasions a total forfeiture either lands or goods, or both, at

the common law, and to which capital or other punishment may be

added, according to the degree of guilt.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A heinous crime; especially, a crime punishable

by death or imprisonment.</def>



<note><hand/ Forfeiture for crime having been generally abolished

in the United States, the term <xex>felony</xex>, in American

law, has lost this point of distinction; and its meaning, where

not fixed by statute, is somewhat vague and undefined; generally,

however, it is used to denote an offense of a high grade,

punishable either capitally or by a term of imprisonment. In

Massachusetts, by statute, any crime punishable by death or

imprisonment in the state prison, and no other, is a

<xex>felony</xex>; so in New York.  the tendency now is to

obliterate the distinction between felonies and misdemeanors; and

this has been done partially in England, and completely in some

of the States of the Union. The distinction is purely arbitrary,

and its entire abolition is only a question of time.</note>



<note><hand/ There is no lawyer who would undertake to tell what

a <xex>felony</xex> is, otherwise than by enumerating the various

kinds of offenses which are so called. originally, the word

<xex>felony</xex> had a meaning: it denoted all offenses the

penalty of which included forfeiture of goods; but subsequent

acts of Parliament have declared various offenses to be felonies,

without enjoining that penalty, and have taken away the penalty

from others, which continue, nevertheless, to be called

<xex>felonies</xex>, insomuch that the acts so called have now no

property whatever in common, save that of being unlawful and

purnishable.</note>



<au>J. S. Mill.</au>



<hw>To compound a felony</hw><def>. See under <er>Compound</er>,

<xex>v. t.</xex></def>



<hw>Fel"site</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Feldspar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A finegrained

rock, flintlike in fracture, consisting essentially of orthoclase

feldspar with occasional grains of quartz.</def>



<hw>Fel*sit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>relating to,

composed of, or containing, felsite.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fel"spar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fel"spath`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Feldspar</er>.</def>



<hw>Fel*spath"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Feldspathic</er>.</def>



<hw>Fel"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From G.

<ets>feldstein</ets>, in analogy with E.

<ets>fel</ets>spar.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Felsite</er>.</def>



<hw>Felt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p. <or/ a.</pos>

from <er>Feel</er>.</def>



<hw>Felt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>felt</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vilt</ets>, G. <ets>filz</ets>,

and possibly to Gr. <?/ hair or wool wrought into felt, L.

<ets>pilus</ets> hair, <ets>pileus</ets> a felt cap or

hat.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cloth or stuff made of matted

fibers of wool, or wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact

substance by rolling and pressure, with lees or size, without

spinning or weaving.</def>



<q>It were a delicate stratagem to shoe

A troop of horse with felt.</q>

<qau>Shak</qau>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hat made of felt.</def>



<au>Thynne.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A skin or hide; a fell; a pelt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To know whether sheep are sound or not, see that the

<qex>felt</qex> be loose.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<hw>Felt grain</hw><def>, the grain of timber which is transverse

to the annular rings or plates; the direction of the medullary

rays in oak and some other timber.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Felt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Felted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Felting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make into

felt, or a feltike substance; to cause to adhere and mat

together.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with, or as with, felt; <as>as, to

<ex>felt</ex> the cylinder of a steam emgine</as>.</def>



<hw>Felt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To clot or

mat together like felt.</def>



<q>His <qex>feltered</qex> locks that on his bosom fell.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Felt"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The material of

which felt is made; also, felted cloth; also, the process by

which it is made.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of splitting timber by the felt

grain.</def>



<hw>Fel"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>feltre</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Felt</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fe*luc"ca</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>feluca</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>faluca</ets>, Pg.

<ets>falua</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>fulk</ets> ship, or

<ets>harr\'beqah</ets> a sort of ship.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A small, swift-sailing vessel, propelled by oars and lateen

sails, -- once common in the Mediterranean</def>. <note>Sometimes

it is constructed so that the helm may be used at either

end.</note>



<hw>Fel"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably a

corruption of <ets>fieldwort</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A European herb (<spn>Swertia perennis</spn>) of the Gentian

family.</def>



<hw>Fe"male</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>femel</ets>, <ets>femal</ets>, F. <ets>femelle</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>femella</ets>, dim. of <ets>femina</ets> woman. See

<er>Feminine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An individual of the

sex which conceives and brings forth young, or (in a wider sense)

which has an ovary and produces ova.</def>



<q>The male and <qex>female</qex> of each living thing.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which produces only

that kind of reproductive organs which are capable of developing

into fruit after impregnation or fertilization; a pistillate

plant.</def>



<hw>Fe"male</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging to the

sex which conceives and gives birth to young, or (in a wider

sense) which produces ova; not male.</def>



<q>As patient as the <qex>female</qex> dove

When that her golden couplets are disclosed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to an individual of the female sex;

characteristic of woman; feminine; <as>as, <ex>female</ex>

tenderness</as>.</def> \'bd<qex>Female</qex> usurpation.'b8



<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>To the generous decision of a <qex>female</qex> mind, we owe

the discovery of America.</q>

<qau>Belknap.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having pistils and no stamens;

pistillate; or, in cryptogamous plants, capable of receiving

fertilization.</def>



<hw>Female rhymes</hw> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <def>double rhymes, or

rhymes (called in French <xex>feminine</xex> rhymes because they

end in <xex>e</xex> weak, or <xex>feminine</xex>) in which two

syllables, an accented and an unaccented one, correspond at the

end of each line.</def>



<note><hand/ A rhyme, in which the final syllables only agree

(<xex>strain</xex>, <xex>complain</xex>) is called a male rhyme;

one in which the two final syllables of each verse agree, the

last being short (<xex>motion</xex>, <xex>ocean</xex>), is called

<xex>female</xex>.</note>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Female screw</wf>, the spiral-threaded cavity

into which another, or male, screw turns.</wordforms>



<au>Nicholson.</au>



<hw>Female fern</hw> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <def>a common species of

fern with large decompound fronds (<spn>Asplenium

Filixf\'91mina</spn>), growing in many countries; lady

fern</def>.



<note><hand/ The names <xex>male fern</xex> and <xex>female

fern</xex> were anciently given to two common ferns; but it is

now understood that neither has any sexual character.</note>









<syn>Syn. -- <er>Female</er>, <er>Feminine</er>.</syn> <usage> We

apply <xex>female</xex> to the sex or individual, as opposed to

<xex>male</xex>; also, to the distinctive belongings of women;

as, <xex>female</xex> dress, <xex>female</xex> form,

<xex>female</xex> character, etc.; <xex>feminine</xex>, to things

appropriate to, or affected by, women; as, <xex>feminine</xex>

studies, employments, accomplishments, etc. \'bd<xex>Female</xex>

applies to sex rather than gender, and is a physiological rather

than a grammatical term. <xex>Feminine</xex> applies to gender

rather than sex, and is grammatical rather than

physiological.\'b8</usage>



<au>Latham.</au>



<hw>Fe"mal-ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

gallant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Courting her smoothly like a <qex>femalist</qex>.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Fe"mal-ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make,

or to describe as, female or feminine.</def>



<au>Shaftesbury.</au>



<hw>\'d8Feme</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>feme</ets>, F. femme.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A

woman.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<cs><col>Feme covert</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a married

woman.</cd> See <er>Covert</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, 3. -- <col>Feme

sole</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a single or unmarried woman; a

woman who has never been married, or who has been divorced, or

whose husband is dead.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Feme sole</col>

<col>trader <or/ merchant</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a

married woman, by the custom of London, engages in business on

her own account, inpendently of her husband.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fem"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Femerell</er>.</def>



<hw>Fem"er-ell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fumeraille</ets> part of a chimney. See

<er>Fume</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A lantern, or

louver covering, placed on a roof, for ventilation or escape of

smoke.</def>



<hw>Fem"i-nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Feminine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>West.</au>



<hw>Fem`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Feminity.</def>



<hw>Fem"i-nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>feminatus</ets> effeminate.]</ety> <def>Feminine.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fem`i-ne"i-ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>femineus</ets> womanly.]</ety> <def>Womanliness;

femininity.</def>



<au>C. Read<?/.</au>



<hw>Fem"i*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>femininus</ets>, fr. <ets>femina</ets> woman; prob. akin to

L. <ets>fetus</ets>, or to Gr. <?/ to suck, <?/ to suckle, Skr.

dh\'be to suck; cf. AS. <ets>f\'d6mme</ets> woman, maid: cf. F.

<ets>f\'82minin</ets>. See <er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to a woman, or to women; characteristic of

a woman; womanish; womanly.</def>



<q>Her letters are remarkably deficient in <qex>feminine</qex>

ease and grace.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the qualities of a woman; becoming or

appropriate to the female sex; as, in a good sense, modest,

graceful, affectionate, confiding; or, in a bad sense, weak,

nerveless, timid, pleasure-loving, effeminate.</def>



<q>Her heavenly form

Angelic, but more soft and <qex>feminine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Ninus being esteemed no man of war at all, but altogether

<qex>feminine</qex>, and subject to ease and delicacy.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<hw>Feminine rhyme</hw>. <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Female

rhyme</cref>, under <er>Female</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Female</er>, <pos>a.</pos></syn>



<hw>Fem"i*nine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

woman.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>



<q>They guide the <qex>feminines</qex> toward the palace.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Any one of those words which

are the appellations of females, or which have the terminations

usually found in such words; as, <xex>actress</xex>,

<xex>songstress</xex>, <xex>abbess</xex>,

<xex>executrix</xex>.</def>



<q>There are but few true <qex>feminines</qex> in English.</q>

<qau>Latham.</qau>



<hw>Fem"i*nine*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a feminine

manner.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Fem"i*nine*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

feminine; womanliness; womanishness.</def>



<hw>Fem`i*nin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The quality or nature of the female sex; womanliness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The female form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>O serpent under <qex>femininitee</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Fe*min"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Womanliness; femininity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdTrained up in true <qex>feminity</qex>.\'b8



<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fem`i*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of feminizing, or the state of being feminized.</def>



<hw>Fem"i*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82miniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make womanish or

effeminate.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Fem"i*nye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>femenie</ets>, <ets>feminie</ets>, the female sex, realm of

women.]</ety> <def>The people called Amazons.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bd[The reign of] <xex>feminye</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Femme</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A woman. See <er>Feme</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<cs><col>Femme de chambre</col> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.]</ety>

<cd>A lady's maid; a chambermaid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fem"o*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>femur</ets>, <ets>femoris</ets>, thigh: cf. F.

<ets>f\'82moral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the femur or

thigh; <as>as, the <ex>femoral</ex> artery</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Femoral</xex> habiliments.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fe"mur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Femora</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. thigh.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The thigh bone</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The proximal segment of the hind limb

containing the thigh bone; the thigh. See <er>Coxa</er>.</def>



<hw>Fen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fen</ets>, <ets>fenn</ets>, marsh, mud, dirt; akin to D.

<ets>veen</ets>, OFries. <ets>fenne</ets>, <ets>fene</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fenna</ets>, G. <ets>fenn</ets>, Icel. <ets>fen</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fani</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>Low land overflowed, or covered

wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge, coarse

grasses, or other aquatic plants; boggy land; moor; marsh.</def>



<q>'Mid reedy <qex>fens</qex> wide spread.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fen is used adjectively with the sense of

<xex>belonging to</xex>, or <xex>of the nature of</xex>, <xex>a

fen</xex> or <xex>fens</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Fen boat</col>, <cd>a boat of light draught used in

marshes.</cd> -- <col>Fen duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

wild duck inhabiting fens; the shoveler.</cd> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Fen fowl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>any water fowl that frequent fens.</cd> -- <col>Fen

goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the graylag goose of

Europe.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Fen land</col>,

<cd>swamp land.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. from

defence.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which fends off attack or

danger; a defense; a protection; a cover; security; shield.</def>



<q>Let us be backed with God and with the seas,

Which he hath given for <qex>fence</qex> impregnable.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A <qex>fence</qex> betwixt us and the victor's wrath.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inclosure about a field or other space, or

about any object; especially, an inclosing structure of wood,

iron, or other material, intended to prevent intrusion from

without or straying from within.</def>



<q>Leaps o'er the <qex>fence</qex> with ease into the fold.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<note><hand/ In England a hedge, ditch, or wall, as well as a

structure of boards, palings, or rails, is called a

<xex>fence</xex>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Locks)</fld> <def>A projection on the bolt,

which passes through the tumbler gates in locking and

unlocking.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Self-defense by the use of the sword; the art

and practice of fencing and sword play; hence, skill in debate

and repartee. See <er>Fencing</er>.</def>



<q>Enjoy your dear wit, and gay rhetoric,

That hath so well been taught her dazzing <qex>fence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Of dauntless courage and consummate skill in

<qex>fence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A receiver of stolen goods, or a place where

they are received.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Mayhew.</au>



<hw>Fence month</hw> <fld>(Forest Law)</fld>, <def>the month in

which female deer are fawning, when hunting is prohibited.</def>



<au>Bullokar.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fence roof</wf>, a covering for defense.

\'bdThey fitted their shields close to one another in manner of a

fence roof.\'b8</wordforms>



<au>Holland.</au>



<cs><col>Fence time</col>, <cd>the breeding time of fish or game,

when they should not be killed.</cd> -- <col>Rail fence</col>,

<cd>a fence made of rails, sometimes supported by posts.</cd> --

<col>Ring fence</col>, <cd>a fence which encircles a large area,

or a whole estate, within one inclosure.</cd> -- <col>Worm

fence</col>, <cd>a zigzag fence composed of rails crossing one

another at their ends; -- called also <altname>snake

fence</altname>, or <altname>Virginia rail fence</altname>.</cd>

-- <col>To be on the fence</col>, <cd>to be undecided or

uncommitted in respect to two opposing parties or policies.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<-- p. 552 -->



<hw>Fence</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.

Fenced (<?/); p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fencing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fend off danger

from; to give security to; to protect; to guard.</def>



<q>To <qex>fence</qex> my ear against thy sorceries.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inclose with a fence or other protection; to

secure by an inclosure.</def>



<q>O thou wall! . . . dive in the earth,

And <qex>fence</qex> not Athens.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A sheepcote <qex>fenced</qex> about with olive trees.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To fence the tables</col> <fld>(Scot. Church)</fld>,

<cd>to make a solemn address to those who present themselves to

commune at the Lord's supper, on the feelings appropriate to the

service, in order to hinder, so far as possible, those who are

unworthy from approaching the table.</cd> <au>McCheyne.</au></cs>



<hw>Fence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

make a defense; to guard one's self of anything, as against an

attack; to give protection or security, as by a fence.</def>



<q>Vice is the more stubborn as well as the more dangerous evil,

and therefore, in the first place, to be <qex>fenced</qex>

against.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To practice the art of attack and defense with

the sword or with the foil, esp. with the smallsword, using the

point only.</def>



<q>He will <qex>fence</qex> with his own shadow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to fight or dispute in the manner of

fencers, that is, by thrusting, guarding, parrying, etc.</def>



<q>They <qex>fence</qex> and push, and, pushing, loudly roar;

Their dewlaps and their sides are bat<?/ed in gore.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>As when a billow, blown against,

Falls back, the voice with which I <qex>fenced</qex>

A little ceased, but recommenced.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Fence"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affording

defense; defensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Congreve.</au>



<hw>Fence"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a fence;

uninclosed; open; unguarded; defenseless.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fen"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who fences;

one who teaches or practices the art of fencing with sword or

foil.</def>



<q>As blunt as the <qex>fencer's</qex> foils.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fen"ci-ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being defended, or of making or affording defense.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>No fort so <qex>fencible</qex>, nor walls so strong.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fen"ci*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A

soldier enlisted for home service only; -- usually in the

<pluf>pl.</pluf></def>



<hw>Fen"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The art or practice of attack and defense with the sword,

esp. with the s,allword. See <er>Fence</er>, <xex>v. i.</xex>,

2.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disputing or debating in a manner resembling the

art of fencers.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The materials used for building fences.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of building a fence.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To aggregate of the fences put up for inclosure

or protection; <as>as, the <ex>fencing</ex> of a farm</as>.</def>



<hw>Fen" crick`et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The mole cricket.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Fend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fiend.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fended</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Fending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.

<ets>defend</ets>.]</ety> <def>To keep off; to prevent from

entering or hitting; to ward off; to shut out; -- often with

<xex>off</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>fend</ex> off blows</as>.</def>



<q>With fern beneath to <qex>fend</qex> the bitter cold.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To fend off a</col> <col>boat <or/

vessel</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to prevent its

running against anything with too much violence.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fend</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act on the defensive, or

in opposition; to resist; to parry; to shift off.</def>



<q>The dexterous management of terms, and being able to

<qex>fend</qex> . . . with them, passes for a great part of

learning.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Fen"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fend</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> & <ets>i</ets>., cf.

<er>Defender</er>.]</ety> <def>One who or that which defends or

protects by warding off harm</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

screen to prevent coals or sparks of an open fire from escaping

to the floor</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Anything serving as a

cushion to lessen the shock when a vessel comes in contact with

another vessel or a wharf</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A screen to

protect a carriage from mud thrown off the wheels: also, a

splashboard</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Anything set up to protect

an exposed angle, as of a house, from damage by carriage

wheels.</def>



<hw>Fend"liche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fiendlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fen"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>faeneratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>faenerari</ets> lend on

interest, fr. <ets>faenus</ets> interest.]</ety> <def>To put

money to usury; to lend on interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>Fen`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>faeneratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of fenerating;

interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fen`es-tel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

dim. of <ets>fenestra</ets> <?/ window.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>Any small windowlike opening or recess, esp. one to show the

relics within an altar, or the like.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fe*nes"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fenestr\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a

window.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small opening; esp., one

of the apertures, closed by membranes, between the tympanum and

internal ear.</def>



<hw>Fe*nes"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fenestra</ets> a window.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a window or to

windows.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a

fenestra.</def>



<hw>Fe*nes"tral</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A

casement or window sash, closed with cloth or paper instead of

glass.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>Fe*nes"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fenestratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fenestrare</ets> to furnish

with openings and windows.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having

numerous openings; irregularly reticulated; <as>as,

<ex>fenestrate</ex> membranes; <ex>fenestrate</ex>

fronds.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having transparent spots,

as the wings of certain butterflies.</def>



<hw>Fe*nes"tra*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having windows; characterized by

windows.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Fenestrate</er>.</def>



<hw>Fen`es*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The arrangement and proportioning of

windows; -- used by modern writers for the decorating of an

architectural composition by means of the window (and door)

openings, their ornaments, and proportions.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The state or condition of

being fenestrated.</def>



<hw>Fe*nes"trule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fenestrula</ets> a little window, dim. of

<ets>fenestra</ets> a window.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the openings in a fenestrated structure.</def>



<hw>Fen"gite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A kind of marble or alabaster, sometimes used for windows on

account of its transparency.</def>



<hw>Fe"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

<ets>Finians</ets> or <ets>Fenii</ets>, the old militia of

Ireland, who were so called from <ets>Fin</ets> or

<ets>Finn</ets>, <ets>Fionn</ets>, or <ets>Fingal</ets>, a

popular hero of Irish traditional history.]</ety> <def>A member

of a secret organization, consisting mainly of Irishment, having

for its aim the overthrow of English rule in ireland.</def>



<hw>Fe"ni-an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

Fenians or to Fenianism.</def>



<hw>Fe"ni*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principles, purposes, and methods of the Fenians.</def>



<hw>Fenks</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The refuse whale

blubber, used as a manure, and in the manufacture of Prussian

blue.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Fen"nec</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>fanek</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small,

African, foxlike animal (<spn>Vulpes zerda</spn>) of a pale fawn

color, remarkable for the large size of its ears.</def>



<hw>Fen"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fenol</ets>, <ets>finol</ets>, from L. <ets>feniculum</ets>,

<ets>faeniculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>fenum</ets>,

<ets>faenum</ets>, hay: cf. F. <ets>fenouil</ets>. Cf.

<er>Fenugreek</er>. <er>Finochio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A perennial plant of the genus <spn>F\'91niculum</spn>

(<spn>F.vulgare</spn>), having very finely divided leaves. It is

cultivated in gardens for the agreeable aromatic flavor of its

seeds.</def>



<q>Smell of sweetest <qex>fennel</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A sprig of <qex>fennel</qex> was in fact the theological

smelling bottle of the tender sex.</q>

<qau>S. G. Goodrich.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Azorean, <or/ Sweet</col>,

<col>fennel</col></mcol>, <cd>(<spn>F\'91niculum dulce</spn>). It

is a smaller and stouter plant than the common fennel, and is

used as a pot herb.</cd> -- <col>Dog's fennel</col>

<cd>(<spn>Anthemis Cotula</spn>), a foul-smelling European weed;

-- called also <altname>mayweed</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fennel

flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb (<spn>Nigella</spn>)

of the Buttercup family, having leaves finely divided, like those

of the fennel. <spn>N.Damascena</spn> is common in gardens.

<spn>N.sativa</spn> furnishes the fennel seed, used as a

condiment, etc., in India. These seeds are the \'bdfitches\'b8

mentioned in Isaiah (xxviii. 25).</cd> -- <col>Fennel water</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the distilled water of fennel seed. It is

stimulant and carminative.</cd> -- <col>Giant fennel</col>

<cd>(<spn>Ferula communis</spn>), has stems full of pith, which,

it is said, were used to carry fire, first, by Prometheus.</cd>

-- <col>Hog's fennel</col>, <cd>a European plant (<spn>Peucedanum

officinale</spn>) looking something like fennel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fen"nish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in

fens; fenny.</def>



<hw>Fen"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fennig</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or inhabiting, a

fen; abounding in fens; swampy; boggy.</def> \'bd<xex>Fenny</xex>

snake.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fen"owed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fynig</ets> musty, <ets>fynegean</ets> to become musty or

filthy: cf. <ets>fennig</ets> fenny, muddy, dirty, fr.

<ets>fen</ets> fen. Cf. <er>Finew</er>.]</ety> <def>Corrupted;

decayed; moldy. See <er>Vinnewed</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. Favour.</au>



<hw>Fen"si-ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fencible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fen"-sucked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sucked out

of marches.</def> \'bd<xex>Fen-sucked</xex> fogs.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fen"u*greek</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>faenum Graecum</ets>, lit., Greek hay: cf. F.

<ets>fenugrec</ets>. Cf. <er>Fennel</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>trigonella F\'d2num

Gr\'91cum</spn>) cultivated for its strong-smelling seeds, which

are</def> \'bdnow only used for giving false importance to horse

medicine and damaged hay.\'b8 <rj><au>J. Smith (Pop. Names of

Plants, 1881).</au></rj>



<hw>Feod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A feud. See 2d

<er>Feud</er>.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Feod"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Feudal. See

<er>Feudal</er>.</def>



<hw>Feo*dal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Feudal

tenure; the feudal system. See <er>Feudality</er>.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Feod"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An accomplice.</def>



<q>Art thou a <qex>feodary</qex> for this act?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An ancient officer of the

court of wards.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Feod"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Feudatory</er>.</def>



<hw>Feoff</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr><def>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Feoffed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>.

<er>Feoffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>feffen</ets>, OF.

<ets>feffer</ets>, <ets>fieffer</ets>, F. <ets>fieffer</ets>, fr.

<ets>fief</ets> fief; cf. LL. <ets>feoffare</ets>,

<ets>fefare</ets>. See <er>Fief</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>To invest with a fee or feud; to give or grant a corporeal

hereditament to; to enfeoff.</def>



<hw>Feoff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A fief. See

<er>Fief</er>.</def>



<hw>Feof*fee"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>feoff\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to

whom a feoffment is made; the person enfeoffed.</def>



<hw>Feoff"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>feoffement</ets>, <ets>fieffement</ets>; cf. LL.

<ets>feoffamentum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The grant of a feud or fee</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A gift or conveyance in fee of land or other

corporeal hereditaments, accompanied by actual delivery of

possession.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The instrument or deed by which corporeal

hereditaments are conveyed</def>. <mark>[Obs. in the U.S., Rare

in Eng.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Feo"for</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Feof"fer</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>feoour</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who enfeoffs

or grants a fee.</def>



<hw>Fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>Far.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fe*ra"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear.]</ety> <def>Fruitful; producing abudantly.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>Fe*rac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>feracitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being feracious or

fruitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beattie.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fe"r\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

wild animals, fem. pl. of <ets>ferus</ets> wild.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of mammals which formerly

included the Carnivora, Insectivora, Marsupialia, and lemurs, but

is now often restricted to the Carnivora.</def>



<-- no pos in original = adv. -->

<hw>\'d8Fe"r\'91 na*tu"r\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>Of a wild nature; -- applied to animals, as foxes, wild

ducks, etc., in which no one can claim property.</def>



<hw>Fe"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferus</ets>. See <er>Fierce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. &

Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Wild; untamed; ferine; not domesticated; --

said of beasts, birds, and plants.</def>

<-- also <col>feral child</col>, not raised by humans -->



<hw>Fe"ral</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>feralis</ets>,

belonging to the dead.]</ety> <def>Funereal; deadly; fatal;

dangerous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Feral</xex>

accidents.\'b8



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Ferde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Fare</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fer`-de-lance"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

the iron of a lance, lance head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large, venomous serpent (<spn>Trigonocephalus

lanceolatus</spn><-- now Bothrops atrox-->) of Brazil and the

West Indies. It is allied to the rattlesnake, but has no

rattle.</def>

<-- also in Central America. -->



<hw>Fer"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Farthing</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of land mentioned in

Domesday Book. It is supposed to have consisted of a few acres

only.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ferd"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ferd</ets> fear. See <er>Fear</er>.]</ety>

<def>Fearfulness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fere</ets> companion, AS. <ets>gef<emac/ra</ets>, from

<ets>f<emac/ran</ets> to go, travel, <ets>faran</ets> to travel.

<root/78. See <er>Fare</er>.]</ety> <def>A mate or companion; --

often used of a wife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>fear</asp> and <asp>feere</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>And Cambel took Cambrina to his <qex>fere</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<cs><col>In fere</col>, <cd>together; in company.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fere</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>ferus</ets>

wild.]</ety> <def>Fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fere</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Fire</er>.]</ety>

<def>Fire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fere</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Fear</er>.]</ety>

<def>Fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fere</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To fear.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fer`e*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>feretrum</ets> bier, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to bear, akin to L.

<ets>ferre</ets>, E. <ets>bear</ets> to support.]</ety> <def>A

portable bier or shrine, variously adorned, used for containing

relics of saints.</def>



<au>Mollett.</au>



<hw>Fer"forth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Far

forth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>As ferforth as</col>, <cd>as far as.</cd> -- <col>So

ferforth</col>, <cd>to such a degree.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fer"forth`ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Ferforth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fer"gu*son*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a brownish black color,

essentially a tantalo-niobate of yttrium, erbium, and cerium; --

so called after Robert <ets>Ferguson</ets>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fe"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Feri\'91</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>

<def>A week day, esp. a day which is neither a festival nor a

fast.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Fe"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Feria</er>.</def>



<hw>Fe"ri*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>ferialis</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>ferie</ets> holidays: cf. F. <ets>f\'82rial</ets>.

See 5th <er>Fair</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to holidays.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Gregory.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to any week day, esp. to a day that is

neither a festival nor a fast.</def>



<hw>Fe`ri*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>feriari</ets> to keep holiday, fr. <ets>ferie</ets>

holidays.]</ety> <def>The act of keeping holiday; cessation from

work.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fe"rie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>ferie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ferie</ets> holidays. See 5th

<er>Fair</er>.]</ety> <def>A holiday.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bullokar.</au>



<hw>Fe"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>,

<xex>compar</xex>. of <er>Fere</er>, fierce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Rhenus <qex>ferier</qex> than the cataract.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Fe"rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferinus</ets>, fr. <ets>ferus</ets> wild. See

<er>Fierce</er>.]</ety> <def>Wild; untamed; savage; <as>as,

lions, tigers, wolves, and bears are <ex>ferine</ex>

beasts</as>.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A wild beast; a beast of

prey.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Fe"rine*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Fe"rine*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Fer*in"gee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.

<ets>Farang\'c6</ets>, or Ar. <ets>Firanj\'c6</ets>, properly, a

Frank.]</ety> <def>The name given to Europeans by the

Hindos.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Feringhee</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fer"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>feritas</ets>, from <ets>ferus</ets> wild.]</ety>

<def>Wildness; savageness; fierceness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Woodward.</au>



<hw>Fer"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f<?/rlic</ets> sudden, unexpected. See <er>Fear</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Singular; wonderful;

extraordinary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A wonder; a marvel.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Who hearkened ever such a <qex>ferly</qex> thing.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Fer"ma*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. See

<er>Pharmacy</er>.]</ety> <def>Medicine; pharmacy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ferm</hw>, <hw>Ferme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

}</mhw><ety>[See <er>Farm</er>.]</ety> <def>Rent for a farm; a

farm; also, an abode; a place of residence; <as>as, he let his

land to <ex>ferm</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Out of her fleshy <qex>ferme</qex> fled to the place of

pain.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fer"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fermentum</ets> ferment (in senses 1 & 2), perh. for

<ets>fervimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>fervere</ets> to be boiling hot,

boil, ferment: cf. F. <ets>ferment</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Barm</er>,

<er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which causes

fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting beer.</def>



<note><hand/ Ferments are of two kinds: (<stype>a</stype>) Formed

or organized ferments. (<stype>b</stype>) Unorganized or

structureless ferments. The latter are also called <stype>soluble

<or/ chemical ferments</stype>, and <stype>enzymes</stype>.

Ferments of the first class are as a rule simple microscopic

vegetable organisms, and the fermentations which they engender

are due to their growth and development; as, the <stype>acetic

ferment</stype>, the <stype>butyric ferment</stype>, etc. See

<er>Fermentation</er>. Ferments of the second class, on the other

hand, are chemical substances, as a rule soluble in glycerin and

precipitated by alcohol. In action they are catalytic and,

mainly, hydrolytic. Good examples are pepsin of the dastric

juice, ptyalin of the salvia, and disease of malt. <-- by 1960

the term "ferment" to mean "enzyme" fell out of use.  Enzymes are

now known to be <er>globular protein</er>s, capable of catalyzing

a wide variety of chemical reactions, not merely hydrolytic.  The

full set of enzymes causing production of ethyl alcohol from

sugar has been identified and individually purified and studied. 

See <er>enzyme</er> --></note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Intestine motion; heat; tumult; agitation.</def>



<q>Subdue and cool the <qex>ferment</qex> of desire.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<q>the nation is in a <qex>ferment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>

<-- <col>in a ferment</col> <cd>in a state of agitation, applied

to human groups.</cd> -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A gentle internal motion of the constituent

parts of a fluid; fermentation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Down to the lowest lees the <qex>ferment</qex> ran.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<cs><col>ferment oils</col>, <cd>volatile oils produced by the

fermentation of plants, and not originally contained in them.

These were the <xex>quintessences<xex> of the

alchenists.</cd></cs>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Fer*ment"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fermented</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fermenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>fermentare</ets>, <ets>fermentatum</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fermenter</ets>. See <er>Ferment</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To cause ferment of fermentation in; to set in motion; to

excite internal emotion in; to heat.</def>



<q>Ye vigorous swains! while youth <qex>ferments</qex> your

blood.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Fer*ment"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To undergo

fermentation; to be in motion, or to be excited into sensible

internal motion, as the constituent oarticles of an animal or

vegetable fluid; to work; to effervesce.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be agitated or excited by violent

emotions.</def>



<q>But finding no redress, <qex>ferment</qex> an rage.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The intellect of the age was a <qex>fermenting</qex>

intellect.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Fer*ment`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Capability of fermentation.</def>



<hw>Fer*ment"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fermentable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of fermentation;

<as>as, cider and other vegetable liquors are

<ex>fermentable</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Fer*ment"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fermentative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<-- p. 553 -->



<hw>Fer`men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fermentation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The process of

undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action of yeast; in

a wider sense <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, the transformation of

an organic substance into new compounds by the action of a

ferment, either formed or unorganized. It differs in kind

according to the nature of the ferment which causes it.</def>

<-- in industrial microbiology -- = the production of chemical

substances by use of microorganisms -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of agitation or excitement, as of the

intellect or the feelings.</def>



<q>It puts the soul to <qex>fermentation</qex> and activity.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<q>A univesal <qex>fermentation</qex> of human thought and

faith.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Acetous, <or/ Acetic</col>,

<col>fermentation</col></mcol>, <cd>a form of oxidation in which

alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of

a specific fungus or ferment (<spn>Mycoderma aceti</spn>). The

process involves two distinct reactions, in which the oxygen of

the air is essential. An intermediate product, aldehyde, is

formed in the first process.</cd>



<bold>1.</bold>

<chreact>C2H6O  +  O =  H2O  +  C2H4O</chreact>

<note> Alcohol.       Water.   Aldehyde.</note>



<bold>2.</bold>

<chreact>C2H4O   +  O =  C2H4O2</chreact>

<note> Aldehyde.       Acetic acid.</note></cs>



-- <col>Alcoholic fermentation</col>, <cd>the fermentation which

saccharine bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast

plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly or

indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of action

being dependent on the rapidity with which the Torul\'91

develop.</cd> -- <col>Ammoniacal fermentation</col>, <cd>the

conversion of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate,

through the growth of the special urea ferment.</cd>



<chreact>CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3</chreact>

<note>    Urea.  Water.   Ammonium carbonate.</note>



<note>Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for

several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation.</note> --

<col>Butyric fermentation</col>, <cd>the decomposition of various

forms of organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar

worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric acid.

It is one of the many forms of fermentation that collectively

constitute putrefaction. See <cref>Lactic

fermentation</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fermentation by an</col>

<col>unorganized ferment <or/ <col>enzyme</col></mcol>.

<cd>Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions, in

which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of this

nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane sugar into

levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids, the

conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by similar treatment,

the conversion of starch into like products by the action of

diastase of malt or ptyalin of saliva, the conversion of

albuminous food into peptones and other like products by the

action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the

ferment of the pancreatic juice.</cd> -- <col>Fermentation theory

of disease</col> <fld>(Biol. & Med.)</fld>, <cd>the theory that

most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the

introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments,

or ferments already developed (organized ferments), by which

processes of fermentation are set up injurious to health. See

<er>Germ theory</er>.</cd> -- <col>Glycerin fermentation</col>,

<cd>the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute solution of

glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some

carbonate of lime, and other matter favorable to the growth of

the plant, the glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic

acid, butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium

(<spn>Bacillus subtilis</spn>) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are

mainly formed.</cd> -- <col>Lactic fermentation</col>, <cd>the

transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body into lactic

acid, as in the souring of milk, through the agency of a special

bacterium (<spn>Bacterium lactis</spn> of Lister). In this change

the milk sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid,

presumably passes through the stage of glucose.</cd>



<chreact>C12H22O11.H2O     =      4C3H6O3</chreact>

<note> Hydrated milk sugar.     Lactic acid.</note>



<note>In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the

lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric

fermentation after the manner indicated in the following

equation: <chreact>2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) = C4H8O2 (butyric acid)

+ 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen gas).<chreact></note> --

<col>Putrefactive fermentation</col>. <cd>See

<er>Putrefaction</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fer*ment"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fermentatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or having power to

cause, fermentation; produced by fermentation; fermenting;

<as>as, a <ex>fermentative</ex> process</as>.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fer*ment"a*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fer*ment"a*tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fer"mer*ere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>enfermerier</ets>, fr. <ets>enfermerie</ets> infirmary. See

<er>Infirmary</er>.]</ety> <def>The officer in a religious house

who had the care of the infirmary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fer"mil*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., dim.

of <ets>fermeil</ets>, <ets>fermail</ets>, clasp, prob. fr. OF. &

F. <ets>fermer</ets> to make fast, fr. <ets>ferme</ets> fast. See

<er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <def>A buckle or clasp.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>Fern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Long ago.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fern</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>fyrn</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Ancient; old. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdPilgrimages to . . .

<xex>ferne</xex> halwes.\'b8 [saints].</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fearn</ets>; akin to D. <ets>varen</ets>, G.

<ets>farn</ets>, <ets>farn</ets>kraut; cf. Skr.

<ets>par\'c9a</ets> wing, feather, leaf, sort of plant, or Lith.

<ets>papartis</ets> fern.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An order

of cryptogamous plants, the <spn>Filices</spn>, which have their

fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. They are

usually found in humid soil, sometimes grow epiphytically on

trees, and in tropical climates often attain a gigantic

size.</def>



<note><hand/ The plants are asexual, and bear clustered

sporangia, containing minute spores, which germinate and form

prothalli, on which are borne the true organs of reproduction. 

The brake or bracken, the maidenhair, and the polypody are all

well known ferns.</note>



<cs><col>Christmas fern</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Christmas</er>.</cd> -- <col>Climbing fern</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a delicate North American fern

(<spn>Lygodium palmatum</spn>), which climbs several feet high

over bushes, etc., and is much sought for purposes of

decoration.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fern owl</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The European

goatsucker.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The short-eared owl.</cd>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Fern shaw</col></mcol>, <cd>a

fern thicket. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> <au>R. Browning.</au></cs>



<hw>Fern"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place for

rearing ferns.</def>



<hw>Fern"ti*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A freckle

on the skin, resembling the seed of fern.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Fern"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in

ferns.</def>



<hw>Fe*ro"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferox</ets>, <ets>-ocis</ets>, fierce: cf. F.

<ets>f\'82roce</ets>. See <er>Ferocity</er>.]</ety> <def>Fierce;

savage; wild; indicating cruelty; ravenous; rapacious; <as>as,

<ex>ferocious</ex> look or features; a <ex>ferocious</ex>

lion.</as></def>



<q>The humbled power of a <qex>ferocious</qex> enemy.</q>

<qau>Lowth.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Ferocious</er>, <er>Fierce</er>,

<er>Savage</er>, <er>Barbarous</er>.</syn>  <usage>When these

words are applied to human feelings or conduct,

<xex>ferocious</xex> describes the disposition;

<xex>fierce</xex>, the haste and violence of an act;

<xex>barbarous</xex>, the coarseness and brutality by which it

was marked; <xex>savage</xex>, the cruel and unfeeling spirit

which it showed. A man is <xex>ferocious</xex> in his temper,

<xex>fierce</xex> in his actions, <xex>barbarous</xex> in the

manner of carrying out his purposes, <xex>savage</xex> in the

spirit and feelings expressed in his words or deeds.</usage>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fe*ro"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fe*ro"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>It [Christianity] has adapted the <qex>ferociousness</qex> of

war.</q>

<qau>Blair.</qau>



<hw>Fe*roc"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferocitas</ets>, fr. <ets>ferox</ets>, <ets>-ocis</ets>,

fierce, kin to <ets>ferus</ets> wild: cf. F.

<ets>ferocit\'82</ets>. See <er>Fierce</er>.]</ety> <def>Savage

wildness or fierceness; fury; cruelty; <as>as, <ex>ferocity</ex>

of countenance</as>.</def>



<q>The pride and <qex>ferocity</qex> of a Highland chief.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fer*o"her</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>A symbol of the solar deity, found

on monuments exhumed in Babylon, Nineveh, etc.</def>



<hw>Fe"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferus</ets>. See <er>Fierce</er>.]</ety> <def>Wild;

savage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Arthur Wilson.</au>



<hw>-fer*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>-fer</ets>. fr.

ferre to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety> <def>A suffix

signifying <xex>bearing</xex>, <xex>producing</xex>,

<xex>yielding</xex>; <as>as, auri<ex>ferous</ex>, yielding gold;

chyli<ex>ferous</ex>, producing chyle.</as></def>



<hw>Fer*ran"dine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.; cf. OF. <ets>ferrant</ets> iron-gray, from L.

<ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <def>A stuff made of silk and

wool.</def>



<q>I did buy a colored silk <qex>ferrandine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<hw>Fer*ra"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sword

bearing the mark of one of the Ferrara family of Italy. These

swords were highly esteemed in England and Scotland in the 16th

and 17th centuries.</def>



<hw>Fer`ra*rese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to Ferrara, in Italy.</def> -- <def2><pos>n., sing. & pl.</pos>

<def>A citizen of Ferrara; collectively, the inhabitants of

Ferrara.</def></def2>



<hw>Fer"ra*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferraria</ets> iron works. See <er>Ferreous</er>.]</ety>

<def>The art of working in iron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Fer"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of

ferric acid.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fer"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fer"rer</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> }</mhw> <mark>Obs.</mark>

<def><pos>compar.</pos> of <er>Fer</er>.</def>



<hw>Fer"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferreus</ets>, fr. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron. Cf.

<er>Farrier</er>, <er>Ferrous</er>.]</ety> <def>Partaking of,

made of, or pertaining to, iron; like iron.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fer"rest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos>

<mark>Obs.</mark> <def><pos>superl.</pos> of <er>Fer</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fer"ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>furet</ets>, cf. LL. <ets>furo</ets>; prob. fr. L.

<ets>fur</ets> thief (cf. <er>Furtive</er>); cf. Arm.

<ets>fur</ets> wise, sly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

animal of the Weasel family (<spn>Mustela <or/ Putorius

furo</spn>), about fourteen inches in length, of a pale yellow or

white color, with red eyes. It is a native of Africa, but has

been domesticated in Europe. Ferrets are used to drive rabbits

and rats out of their holes.</def>



<hw>Fer"ret</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Ferreted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ferreting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fureter</ets>.

See <er>Ferret</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To drive or hunt

out of a lurking place, as a ferret does the cony; to search out

by patient and sagacious efforts; -- often used with

<xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>ferret</ex> out a

secret</as>.</def>



<q>Master Fer! I'll fer him, and firk him, and <qex>ferret</qex>

him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fer"ret</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ital. <ets>foretto</ets>,

dim. of <ets>fiore</ets> flower; or F. <ets>fleuret</ets>. Cf.

<er>Floret</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of narrow tape, usually made

of woolen; sometimes of cotton or silk; -- called also

<altname>ferreting</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fer"ret</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>feret</ets>, dim.

or <ets>fer</ets> iron, L. <ets>ferrum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Glass

Making)</fld> <def>The iron used for trying the melted glass to

see if is fit to work, and for shaping the rings at the mouths of

bottles.</def>



<hw>Fer"ret*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

ferrets.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fer"ret-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spur-winged goose; -- so called

from the red circle around the eyes.</def>



<hw>Fer*ret"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>ferretto</ets> di Spagna, dim. of <ets>ferro</ets> iron, fr.

L. <ets>ferrum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Copper sulphide, used to color

glass.</def>



<au>Hebert.</au>



<hw>Fer"ri-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

combining form indicating <xex>ferric iron</xex> as an

ingredient; <as>as, <ex>ferri</ex>cyanide</as>.</def>



<hw>Fer"ri*age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Ferry</er>.]</ety> <def>The price or fare to be paid for

passage at a ferry.</def>



<hw>Fer"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferrum</ets> iron: cf. F. <ets>ferrique</ets>. See

<er>Ferrous</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or

containing iron. Specifically <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, denoting those

compounds in which iron has a higher valence than in the

<xex>ferrous</xex> compounds; <as>as, <ex>ferric</ex> oxide;

<ex>ferric</ex> acid.</as></def>



<cs><col>Ferric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid,

<chform>H2FeO4</chform>, which is not known in the free state,

but forms definite salts, analogous to the chromates and

sulphates.</cd> -- <col>Ferric oxide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>sesquioxide of iron, <chform>Fe2O3</chform>; hematite. See

<er>Hematite</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fer`ri*cy"a*nat<?/</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> + <ets>cyanate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of ferricyanic acid; a

ferricyanide.</def>



<hw>Fer`ri*cy*an"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> + <ets>cyanic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, a

ferricyanide.</def>



<cs><col>Ferricyanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a brown

crystalline substance, <chform>H6(CN)12Fe2</chform>, obtained

from potassium ferricyanide, and regarded as the type of the

ferricyanides; -- called also <altname>hydro-ferricyanic

acid</altname>, <altname>hydrogen ferricyanide</altname>,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fer`ri*cy"a*nide</hw> <pr>(?; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> + <ets>cyanide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a complex series of double

cyanides of ferric iron and some other base.</def>



<cs><col>Potassium ferricyanide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>red

prussiate of potash; a dark, red, crystalline salt,

<chform>K6(CN)12Fe2</chform>, consisting of the double cyanide of

potassium and ferric iron.  From it is derived the ferrous

ferricyanate, <xex>Turnbull's blue<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fer"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

ferryman.</def>



<au>Calthrop.</au>



<hw>Fer*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferrum</ets> iron + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>ferrif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or yielding

iron.</def>



<hw>Fer`ri*prus"si*ate</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; see

<er>Prussiate</er>, 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> + <ets>prussiate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A ferricyanate; a ferricyanide.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fer`ri*prus"sic</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; see <er>Prussik</er>,

277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> +

<ets>prussic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Ferricyanic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fer"ro-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

prefix, or combining form, indicating <xex>ferrous iron</xex> as

an ingredient; <as>as, <ex>ferro</ex>cyanide</as>.</def>



<hw>Fer`ro*cal"cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>calcite</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Limestone containing a large percentage of iron carbonate,

and hence turning brown on exposure.</def>



<hw>Fer`ro*cy"a*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>cyanate</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>ferrocyanate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of

ferrocyanic acid; a ferrocyanide.</def>



<hw>Fer`ro*cy*an"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>cyanic</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>ferrocyanique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a

ferrocyanide.</def>



<cs><col>ferrocyanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white

crystalline substance, <chform>H4(CN)6Fe</chform>, of strong acid

properties, obtained from potassium ferrocyanide, and regarded as

the type of the ferrocyanides; -- called also

<altname>hydro-ferrocyanic acid</altname>, <altname>hydrogen

ferrocyanide</altname>. etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fer`ro*cy"a*nide</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>cyanide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of complex double

cyanides of ferrous iron and some other base.</def>



<cs><col>Potassium ferrocyanide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>yellow prussiate of potash; a tough, yellow, crystalline

salt, <chform>K4(CN)6Fe</chform>, the starting point in the

manufacture of almost all cyanogen compounds, and the basis of

the ferric ferrocyanate, <xex>prussian blue<xex>. It is obtained

by strongly heating together potash, scrap iron, and animal

matter containing nitrogen, as horn, leather, blood, etc., in

iron pots.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fer`ro*prus"si*ate</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ? <or/; see

<er>Prussiate</er>, 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> )</pr>  

<ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>prussiate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A ferrocyanate; a ferocyanide.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fer`ro*prus"sic</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; see <er>Prussic</er>,

277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> +

<ets>prussic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Ferrocyanic.</def>



<hw>Fer*ro"so-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Ferro-</er>.</def>



<hw>Fer"ro*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferrum</ets> iron + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

photographic picture taken on an iron plate by a collodion

process; -- familiarly called <xex>tintype</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fer"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ferreux</ets>. See <er>Ferreous</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, iron; --

especially used of compounds of iron in which the iron has its

lower valence; <as>as, <ex>ferrous</ex> sulphate</as>.</def>



<hw>Fer*ru"gi*na`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ferrugo</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the color or properties of

the rust of iron.</def>



<hw>Fer`ru*gin"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ferruginous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fer*ru"gi*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferruginus</ets>, <ets>ferrugineus</ets>, fr.

<ets>ferrugo</ets>, <ets>-ginis</ets>, iron rust: cf. F.

<ets>ferrugineux</ets>. See <er>Ferrugo</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Partaking of iron; containing particles of iron.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling iron rust in appearance or color;

brownish red, or yellowish red.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fer*ru"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., iron

rust, fr. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <def>A disease of plants

caused by fungi, commonly called the <xex>rust</xex>, from its

resemblance to iron rust in color.</def>



<hw>Fer"rule</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Formerly <ets>verrel</ets>, F. <ets>virole</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>viriola</ets> little bracelet, dim. of <ets>viriae</ets>,

pl., bracelets; prob. akin to <ets>viere</ets> to twist, weave,

and E. <ets>withe</ets>. The spelling with <ets>f</ets> is due to

confusion with L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A ring or cap of metal put round a cane, tool, handle, or

other similar object, to strengthen it, or prevent splitting and

wearing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld> <def>A bushing for

expanding the end of a flue to fasten it tightly in the tube

plate, or for partly filling up its mouth.</def>



<hw>Fer*ru"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferruminatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>ferruminare</ets> to

cement, solder, fr. <ets>ferrumen</ets> cement, fr.

<ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <def>To solder or unite, as

metals.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Fer*ru`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferruminatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ferrumination</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The soldering ir uniting of me<?/ als.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Fer"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ferried</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ferrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ferien</ets> to

convey, AS. <ets>ferian</ets>, from <ets>faran</ets> to go; akin

to Icel. <ets>ferja</ets> to ferry, Goth. <ets>farjan</ets> to

sail. See <er>Fare</er>.]</ety> <def>To carry or transport over a

river, strait, or other narrow water, in a boat.</def>



<hw>Fer"ry</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To pass over water in a

boat or by a ferry.</def>



<q>They <qex>ferry</qex> over this Lethean sound

Both to and fro.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fer"ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ferries</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>feri</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>ferja</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'84rja</ets>, Dan.

<ets>f\'91rge</ets>, G. <ets>f\'84hre</ets>. See <er>Ferry</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place where persons or

things are carried across a river, arm of the sea, etc., in a

ferryboat.</def>



<q>It can pass the <qex>ferry</qex> backward into light.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>To row me o'er the <qex>ferry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel in which passengers and goods are

conveyed over narrow waters; a ferryboat; a wherry.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A franchise or right to maintain a vessel for

carrying passengers and freight across a river, bay, etc.,

charging tolls.</def>



<cs><col>Ferry bridge</col>, <cd>a ferryboat adapted in its

structure for the transfer of railroad trains across a river or

bay.</cd> -- <col>Ferry railway</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Railway</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fer"ry*boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vessel

for conveying passengers, merchandise, etc., across streams and

other narrow waters.</def>



<hw>Fer"ry*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ferrymen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who maintains

or attends a ferry.</def>



<hw>Fers</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fierce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ferthe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fourth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fer"tile</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>fertilis</ets>, fr. <ets>ferr<?/</ets> to bear,

produce: cf. F. <ets>fertile</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Bear</er>

to support.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Producing fruit or vegetation

in abundance; fruitful; able to produce abundantly; prolific;

fecund; productive; rich; inventive; <as>as, <ex>fertile</ex>

land or fields; a <ex>fertile</ex> mind or

imagination.</as></def>



<q>Though he in a <qex>fertile</qex> climate dwell.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Capable of

producing fruit; fruit-bearing; <as>as, <ex>fertile</ex>

flowers</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Containing pollen; -- said

of anthers.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>produced in abundance; plenteous; ample.</def>



<q>Henceforth, my early care . . . 

Shall tend thee, and the <qex>fertile</qex> burden ease

Of thy full branches.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fertile</er>, <er>Fruitful</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Fertile</xex> implies the inherent power of production;

<xex>fruitful</xex>, the act. The prairies of the West are

<xex>fertile</xex> by nature, and are turned by cultivation into

<xex>fruitful</xex> fields. The same distinction prevails when

these words are used figuratively. A man of <xex>fertile</xex>

genius has by nature great readiness of invention; one whose mind

is <xex>fruitful</xex> has resources of thought and a readiness

of application which enable him to think and act

effectively.</usage>



<-- p. 554 -->



<hw>Fer"tile*ly</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a fertile or fruitful manner.</def>



<hw>fer"tile*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fertility.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Fer*til"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

fertilize; to fecundate.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fer*til"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fertilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fertilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The state or quality of being fertile or fruitful;

fruitfulness; productiveness; fecundity; richness; abundance of

resources; fertile invention; quickness; readiness; <as>as, the

<ex>fertility</ex> of soil, or of imagination</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>fertility</xex> of resource.\'b8



<au>E. Everett.</au>



<q>And all her husbandry doth lie on heaps

Corrupting in its own <qex>fertility</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Thy very weeds are beautiful; thy waste

More rich than other climes' <qex>fertility</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Fer`ti*li*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of rendering fertile.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act of fecundating or

impregnating animal or vegetable germs; esp., the process by

which in flowers the pollen renders the ovule fertile, or an

analogous process in flowerless plants; fecundation;

impregnation.</def>



<cs><col>Close fertilization</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

fertilization of pistils by pollen derived from the stamens of

the same blossom.</cd> -- <col>Cross fertilization</col>,

<cd>fertilization by pollen from some other blossom. See under

<er>Cross</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Fer"ti*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fertilized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fertilizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fertiliser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make fertile or

enrich; to supply with nourishment for plants; to make fruitful

or productive; <as>as, to <ex>fertilize</ex> land, soil, ground,

and meadows</as>.</def>



<q>And <qex>fertilize</qex> the field that each pretends to

gain.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fecundate; <as>as, to <ex>fertilize</ex>

flower</as>.</def>



<au>A. R. Wallace.</au>



<hw>Fer"ti*lizer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who fertilizes; the agent that carries the fertilizing

principle, as a moth to an orchid.</def>



<au>A. R. Wallace.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which renders fertile; a general name for

commercial manures, as guano, phosphate of lime, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fer"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferula</ets> giant fennel (its stalks were used in punishing

schoolboys), rod, whip, fr. <ets>ferire</ets> to strike; akin to

OHG. <ets>berjan</ets>, Icel. <ets>berja</ets>. Cf.

<er>Ferule</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A ferule.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The imperial scepter in the Byzantine or Eastern

Empire.</def>



<hw>Fer`u*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferulaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>ferula</ets> rod: cf. F.

<ets>f\'82rulac\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to reeds and

canes; having a stalk like a reed; <as>as, <ex>ferulaceous</ex>

plants</as>.</def>



<hw>Fer"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

ferule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fer"ule</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ferula</ets>: cf. F. <ets>f\'82rule</ets>. See

<er>Ferula</er>.]</ety> <def>A flat piece of wood, used for

striking, children, esp. on the hand, in punishment.</def>



<hw>Fer"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Feruled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Feruling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To punish with a

ferule.</def>



<hw>Fe*ru"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, asafetida (<spn>Ferula

asaf\'d2tida</spn>); <as>as, <ex>ferulic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>ferulaic</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fer"vence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Heat;

fervency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fer"ven*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>fervence</ets>. See <er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state

of being fervent or warm; ardor; warmth of feeling or devotion;

eagerness.</def>



<q>When you pray, let it be with attention, with

<qex>fervency</qex>, and with perseverance.</q>

<qau>Wake.</qau>



<hw>Fer"vent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fervent</ets>, L. <ets>fervens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>.

p.pr. of <ets>fervere</ets> o the boiling hot, to boil,

glow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Hot; glowing; boiling; burning;

<as>as, a <ex>fervent</ex> summer</as>.</def>



<q>The elements shall melt with <qex>fervent</qex> heat.</q>

<qau>2 Pet. iii. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Warm in feeling; ardent in temperament; earnest;

full of fervor; zealous; glowing.</def>



<q>Not slothful in business; <qex>fervent</qex> in spirit.</q>

<qau>Rom. iii. 11.</qau>



<q>So spake the <qex>fervent</qex> angel.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A <qex>fervent</qex> desire to promote the happiness of

mankind.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fer"vent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fer"vent*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Laboring <qex>fervently</qex> for you in prayers.</q>

<qau>Col. iv. 12.</qau>



<hw>Fer*ves"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fervescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>fervescere</ets> to become

boiling hot, incho., fr. <ets>fervere</ets>. See

<er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <def>Growing hot.</def>



<hw>Fer"vid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fervidus</ets>, fr. <ets>fervere</ets>. See

<er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Very hot; burning;

boiling.</def>



<q>The mounted sun

Shot down direct his <qex>fervid</qex> rays.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ardent; vehement; zealous.</def>



<q>The <qex>fervid</qex> wishes, holy fires.</q>

<qau>Parnell.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fer"vid*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fer"vid*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fer"vor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>fervour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OF. <ets>fervor</ets>,

<ets>fervour</ets>, F. <ets>ferveur</ets>, L. <ets>fervor</ets>,

fr. <ets>fervere</ets>. See <er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Heat; excessive warmth.</def>



<q>The <qex>fevor</qex> of ensuing day.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Intensity of feeling or expression; glowing

ardor; passion; holy zeal; earnestness.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<q>Winged with <qex>fervor</qex> of her love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fervor</er>, <er>Ardor</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Fervor</xex> is a boiling heat, and <xex>ardor</xex> is a

burning heat. Hence, in metaphor, we commonly use

<xex>fervor</xex> and its derivatives when we conceive of

thoughts or emotions under the image of ebullition, or as pouring

themselves forth. Thus we speak of the <xex>fervor</xex> of

passion, <xex>fervid</xex> declamation, <xex>fervid</xex>

importunity, <xex>fervent</xex> supplication, <xex>fervent</xex>

desires, etc. <xex>Ardent</xex> is used when we think of anything

as springing from a deepseated glow of soul; as,

<xex>ardent</xex> friendship, <xex>ardent</xex> zeal,

<xex>ardent</xex> devotedness; burning with <xex>ardor</xex> for

the fight.</usage>



<hw>Fes"cen*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Fescenninus</ets>, fr. <ets>Fescennia</ets>, a city of

Etruria.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the

Fescennines.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A style of low,

scurrilous, obscene poetry originating in fescennia.</def></def2>



<hw>Fes"cue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>festu</ets>, OF. <ets>festu</ets>, F. <ets>f\'82tu</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>festuca</ets> stalk, straw.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

straw, wire, stick, etc., used chiefly to point out letters to

children when learning to read. \'bdPedantic

<xex>fescue</xex>.'</def>



<au>Sterne.</au>



<q>To come under the <qex>fescue</qex> of an imprimatur.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for playing on the harp; a

plectrum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The style of a dial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grass of the genus

<spn>Festuca</spn>.</def>



<cs><col>Fescue grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of

grasses (<spn>Festuca</spn>) containing several species of

importance in agriculture. <spn>Festuca ovina</spn> is

<stype>sheep's fescue</stype>; <spn>F. elatior</spn> is

<stype>meadow fescue</stype>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fes"cue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fescued</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fescuing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To use a fescue, or teach

with a fescue.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fes"els</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Written

also <ets>fasels</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Phasel</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>May (Georgics).</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fess</hw>, <hw>Fesse</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>fesse</ets>, <ets>faisse</ets>, F.

<ets>fasce</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fascia</ets> band. See

<er>Fascia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A band drawn

horizontally across the center of an escutcheon, and containing

in breadth the third part of it; one of the nine honorable

ordinaries.</def>



<cs><col>Fess point</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>the exact center

of the escutcheon. See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fes"si*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fessus</ets> wearied, fatigued.]</ety> <def>Weariness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Fess"wise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

manner of fess.</def>



<hw>Fest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fist</er>.]</ety> <def>The fist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fest</hw>, <hw>Fes"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

}</mhw><def>A feast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fes"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>festum</ets> holiday, feast. See <er>feast</er>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous;

festive.</def>



<q>You bless with choicer wine the <qex>festal</qex> day.</q>

<qau>Francis.</qau>



<hw>Fes"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Joyously; festively;

mirthfully.</def>



<hw>Fes"ten*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fescennine.</def>



<hw>Fes"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Festered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Festering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>festern</ets>,

fr. <ets>fester</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>; <ets>or fr</ets>.

<ets>OF</ets>. <ets>festrir</ets>, fr. <ets>festre</ets>,

<pos>n.</pos> See <er>Fester</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To generate pus; to become imflamed and

suppurate; <as>as, a sore or a wound <ex>festers</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Wounds immedicable

Rankle, and <qex>fester</qex>, and gangrene.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Unkindness may give a wound that shall bleed and smart, but it

is treachery that makes it <qex>fester</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>Hatred . . . <qex>festered</qex> in the hearts of the children

of the soil.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be inflamed; to grow virulent, or malignant;

to grow in intensity; to rankle.</def>



<hw>Fes`ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to fester or

rankle.</def>



<q>For which I burnt in inward, swelt'ring hate,

And <qex>fstered</qex> ranking malice in my breast.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Fes"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>festre</ets>, L.

<ets>fistula</ets> a sort of ulcer. Cf. <er>Fistula</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small sore which becomes inflamed and

discharge corrupt matter; a pustule.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A festering or rankling.</def>



<q>The <qex>fester</qex> of the chain their necks.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Fes"ter*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

festering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chalmers.</au>



<hw>Fest"eye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>festier</ets>, <ets>festeer</ets>, F.

<ets>festoyer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To feast; to entertain.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fes"ti*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>festinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>festinare</ets> to

hasten.]</ety> <def>Hasty; hurried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>Fes"ti*nate*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fes`ti*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>festinatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Haste; hurry.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fes"ti*val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>festival</ets>, fr. L. <ets>festivum</ets> festive jollity,

fr. <ets>festivus</ets> festive, gay. See

<er>Festive</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a fest; festive;

festal; appropriate to a festival; joyous; mirthful.</def>



<q>I cannot woo in <qex>festival</qex> terms.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fes"ti-val</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A time of feasting or

celebration; an anniversary day of joy, civil or religious.</def>



<q>The morning trumpets <qex>festival</qex> proclaimed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Feast; banquet; carousal. See <er>Feast</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fes"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>festivus</ets>, fr. <ets>festum</ets> holiday, feast. See

<er>feast</er>, and cf. <er>Festivous</er>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or becoming, a feast; festal; joyous; gay;

mirthful; sportive.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fes"tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>The glad circle round them yield their souls

To <qex>festive</qex> mirth and wit that knows no gall.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Fes*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Festivities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>festivitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>festivit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition of being festive; social joy or

exhilaration of spirits at an entertaintment; joyfulness;

gayety.</def>



<q>The unrestrained <qex>festivity</qex> of the rustic youth.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hurd.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A festival; a festive celebration.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fes"ti*vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Festive</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a feast;

festive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Fest"lich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Feast</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Festive; fond of

festive occasions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA

<xex>festlich</xex> man.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fes*toon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>feston</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>feston</ets>, It.

<ets>festone</ets>), prob. fr. L. <ets>festum</ets> festival. See

<er>Feast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A garland or wreath

hanging in a depending curve, used in decoration for festivals,

etc.; anything arranged in this way.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>A carved ornament

consisting of flowers, and leaves, intermixed or twisted

together, wound with a ribbon, and hanging or depending in a

natural curve. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Bucranium</er>.</def>



<hw>Fes*toon"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Festooned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Festooning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form in

festoons, or to adorn with festoons.</def>



<hw>Fes*toon"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, consisting of, or resembling, festoons.</def>



<au>Sir J. Herschel.</au>



<hw>Fes*tu*cine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>festula</ets> stalk, straw. Cf. <er>Fescue</er>.]</ety>

<def>Of a straw color; greenish yellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A little insect of a <qex>festucine</qex> or pale green.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Fes"tu*cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed or

consisting of straw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fes"tue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fescue</er>.]</ety> <def>A straw; a fescue.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Fet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>feat</ets>, F. <ets>fait</ets>, and It. <ets>fett<?/</ets>

slice, G. <ets>fetzen</ets> rag, Icel. <ets>fat</ets>

garment.]</ety> <def>A piece.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryton.</au>



<hw>Fet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fetten</ets>,

<ets>feten</ets>, AS. <ets>fetian</ets>; akin to AS.

<ets>f\'91t</ets> a journey, and to E. <ets>foot</ets>; cf. G.

<ets>fassen</ets> to seize. <root/ 77. See <er>Foot</er>, and cf.

<er>Fetch</er>.]</ety> <def>To fetch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And from the other fifty soon the prisoner <qex>fet</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fet</hw>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <mord>of <er>Fette</er></mord>.

<def>Fetched.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fe"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, a

fetus; <as>as, <ex>fetal circulation</ex>; <ex>fetal</ex>

membranes.</as></def>



<hw>Fe*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

formation of a fetus in the womb; pregnancy.</def>



<hw>Fetch</hw> <pr>(?; 224)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fetched</er> 2; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos>. <er>Fetching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fecchen</ets>, AS. <ets>feccan</ets>, perh. the same word as

<ets>fetian</ets>; or cf. <ets>facian</ets> to wish to get,

OFries. <ets>faka</ets> to prepare. <root/ 77. Cf. <er>Fet</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bear toward the

person speaking, or the person or thing from whose point of view

the action is contemplated; to go and bring; to get.</def>



<q>Time will run back and <qex>fetch</qex> the age of gold.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>He called to her, and said, <qex>Fetch</qex> me, I pray thee,

a little water in a vessel, that I may drink. And as she was

going to <qex>fetch</qex> it he called to her, and said, Bring

me, I pray thee, a morsel of bred in thine hand.</q>

<qau>1 Kings xvii. 11, 12.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To obtain as price or equivalent; to sell

for.</def>



<q>Our native horses were held in small esteem, and

<qex>fetched</qex> low prices.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To recall from a swoon; to revive; -- sometimes

with <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>fetch</ex> a man

to</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Fetching</qex> men again when they swoon.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To reduce; to throw.</def>



<q>The sudden trip in wrestling that <qex>fetches</qex> a man to

the ground.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To bring to accomplishment; to achieve; to make;

to perform, with certain objects; <as>as, to <ex>fetch</ex> a

compass; to <ex>fetch</ex> a leap; to <ex>fetch</ex> a

sigh.</as></def>



<q>I'll <qex>fetch</qex> a turn about the garden.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He <qex>fetches</qex> his blow quick and sure.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To bring or get within reach by going; to reach;

to arrive at; to attain; to reach by sailing.</def>



<q>Meantine flew our ships, and straight we <qex>fetched</qex>

The siren's isle.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To cause to come; to bring to a particular

state.</def>



<q>They could n't <qex>fetch</qex> the butter in the churn.</q>

<qau>W. Barnes.</qau>



<cs><col>To fetch a compass</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to make

a sircuit; to take a circuitious route going to a place.</cd> --

<col>To fetch a pump</col>, <cd>to make it draw water by pouring

water into the top and working the handle.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To

fetch</col> <col>headway <or/ sternway</col></mcol>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to move ahead or astern.</cd> -- <col>To

fetch out</col>, <cd>to develop.</cd> \'bdThe skill of the

polisher <xex>fetches out<xex> the colors [of marble]\'b8

<au>Addison.</au>  -- <col>To fetch up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

overtake.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSays [the hare], I can

<xex>fetch up<xex> the tortoise when I please.\'b8

<au>L'Estrange.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To stop suddenly.</cd></cs>



<hw>fetch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bring one's self; to

make headway; to veer; <as>as, to <ex>fetch</ex> about; to

<ex>fetch</ex> to windward.</as></def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<cs><col>To fetch away</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to break

loose; to roll slide to leeward.</cd> -- <col>To fetch and

carry</col>, <cd>to serve obsequiously, like a trained

spaniel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fetch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stratagem by

which a thing is indirectly brought to pass, or by which one

thing seems intended and another is done; a trick; an

artifice.</def>



<q>Every little <qex>fetch</qex> of wit and criticism.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The apparation of a living person; a

wraith.</def>



<q>The very <qex>fetch</qex> and ghost of Mrs. Gamp.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<cs><col>Fetch candle</col>, <cd>a light seen at night,

superstitiously believed to portend a person's death.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fethc"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One wo fetches

or brings.</def>



<hw>Fete</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>feat</er>.]</ety> <def>A feat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fete</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety>

<def>Feet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8F\'88te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Feast</er>.]</ety> <def>A festival.</def>



<cs><col>F\'88te champ\'88tre</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>

<ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>a festival or entertainment in the open air;

a rural festival.</cd></cs>



<hw>F\'88te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>F\'88ted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>F\'88ting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'88ter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To feast; to honor with a

festival.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fe"tich</hw>, <hw>Fe"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> }</mhw><ety>[F. <ets>f\'82tiche</ets>, from Pg.

<ets>feiti<?/o</ets>, adj., <pos>n.</pos>, sorcery, charm, fr. L.

<ets>facticius</ets> made by art, artifical, factitious. See

<er>Factitious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A material object

supposed among certain African tribes to represent in such a way,

or to be so connected with, a supernatural being, that the

possession of it gives to the possessor power to control that

being.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any object to which one is excessively

devoted.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>fe"tich*ism</hw>, <hw>Fe"tish*ism</hw> <pr>(? <or/

?)</pr>; 277), <pos>n.</pos> }</mhw><ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82tichisme</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>feticism</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The doctrine or

practice of belief in fetiches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excessive devotion to one object or one idea;

abject superstition; blind adoration.</def>



<q>The real and absolute worship of fire falls into two great

divisions, the first belonging rather to <qex>fetichism</qex>,

the second to polytheism proper.</q>

<qau>Tylor.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fe"tich*ist</hw>, <hw>Fe"tish*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

}</mhw><def>A believer in fetiches.</def>



<q>He was by nature a <qex>fetichist</qex>.</q>

<qau>H. Holbeach.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fe`tich*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Fe`tish*is"tic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos>}</mhw> <def>Pertaining to,

or involving, fetichism.</def>



<q>A man of the fifteenth century, inheriting its strange web of

belief and unbelief, of epicurean levity and

<qex>fetichistic</qex> dread.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<hw>Fe"ti*cide</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>f\'d2ticide</asp>.]</altsp>

<ety>[<ets>Fetus</ets> + L. <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety>

<fld>(Med. & Law)</fld> <def>The act of killing the fetus in the

womb; the offense of procuring an abortion.</def>



<hw>Fe"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fetichism</er>.</def>



<hw>Fet"id</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fetidus</ets>, <ets>foetidus</ets>, fr. <ets>fetere</ets>,

<ets>foetere</ets>, to have an ill smell, to stink: cf. F.

<ets>f\'82tide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having an offensive smell;

stinking.</def>



<q>Most putrefactions . . . smell either <qex>fetid</qex> or

moldy.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Fet*id"i*ty</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Fetidness.</def>



<hw>Fet"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being fetid.</def>



<hw>Fe*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fetus</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing young, as animals.</def>



<-- p. 555 -->



<hw>Fe"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fetis</ets>, <ets>faitis</ets>. Cf.

<er>Factitious</er>.]</ety> <def>Neat; pretty; well made;

graceful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Full <qex>fetis</qex> was her cloak, as I was ware.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Fe"tise*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Neatly;

gracefully; properly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw><hw>Fe"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Fe"tish*ism</hw> <pr>(<?/ <or/ <?/; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Fe`tish*is"tic</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></mhw>

<def>See <er>Fetich</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <xex>Fetichism</xex>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Fetichistic</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Fet"lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fetlak</ets>, <ets>fitlock</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>fet</ets>

pace, step, <ets>fit</ets> webbed foot of water birds, akin to E.

<ets>foot</ets>. <root/ 77. See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <def>The

cushionlike projection, bearing a tuft of long hair, on the back

side of the leg above the hoof of the horse and similar animals.

Also, the joint of the limb at this point (between the great

pastern bone and the metacarpus), or the tuft of hair.</def>



<q>Their wounded steeds

Fret <qex>fetlock</qex> deep in gore.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fe"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fetor</ets>, <ets>foetor</ets>. See <er>Fetid</er>.]</ety>

<def>A strong, offensive smell; stench; fetidness.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Fet"te</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp</pos>. <er>Fette</er>, p.p.

<er>Fet</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fet</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To fetch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fet"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fetor</ets>, <ets>feter</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>feter<?/s</ets>, pl., OD. <ets>veter</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fezzera</ets>, Icel. <ets>fj\'94turr</ets>, L.

<ets>pedi<?/a</ets>, Gr. <?/, and to E. <ets>foot</ets>. <root/

77. See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Chiefly used in the plural,

<plw>fetters</plw>.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chain or shackle

for the feet; a chain by which an animal is confined by the foot,

either made fast or disabled from free and rapid motion; a bond;

a shackle.</def>



<q>[They] bound him with <qex>fetters</qex> of brass.</q>

<qau>Judg. xvi. 21.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that confines or restrains; a

restraint.</def>



<q>Passion's too fierce to be in <qex>fetters</qex> bound.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fet"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[imp. & p.p.

<er>Fettered</er> (<?/); p.pr. & vb.<pos>n.</pos>

<er>Fettering</er>.]</ety> <def>1. To put fetters upon; to shakle

or confine the feet of with a chain; to bind.</def>



<q>My heels are <qex>fettered</qex>, but my fist is free.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reastrain from motion; to impose restrains

on; to confine; to enchain; <as>as, <ex>fettered</ex> by

obligations</as>.</def>



<q>My conscience! thou art <qex>fettered</qex>

More than my shanks and wrists.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fet"tered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Seeming as if fettered, as the feet pf

certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for

walking.</def>



<hw>Fet"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fetters.</def>



<au>Landor.</au>



<hw>Fet"ter*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from

fetters.</def>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Fet"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. & Prov.

E., to fettle (in sense 1), <ets>fettle</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>,

order, repair, preparation, dress; prob. akin to E.

<ets>fit</ets>. See <er>Fit</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>1. To

repair; to prepare; to put in order.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To cover or line with a

mixture of ore, cinders, etc., as the hearth of a puddling

furnace.</def>



<hw>Fet"tle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make preparations; to

put things in order; to do trifling business.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Fet"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of fettling.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<cs><col>In fine fettle</col>, <cd>in good spirits.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fet"tling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A mixture of ore, cinders, etc., used to

line the hearth of a puddling furnace.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<altsp>[It is commonly called <asp>fix</asp> in the United

States.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pottery)</fld> <def>The operation of shaving or

smoothing the surface of undried clay ware.</def>



<hw>Fet"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Neat;

feat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Herrick.</au>



<hw>Fe"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fetuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>fetus</ets>,

<ets>foetus</ets>, a bringing forth, brood, offspring, young

ones, cf. <ets>fetus</ets> fruitful, fructified, that is or was

filled with young; akin to E. <ets>fawn</ets> a deer,

<ets>fecundity</ets>, <ets>felicity</ets>, <ets>feminine</ets>,

<ets>female</ets>, and prob. to do, or according to others, to

<ets>be</ets>.]</ety> <def>The young or embryo of an animal in

the womb, or in the egg; often restricted to the later stages in

the development of viviparous and oviparous animals,

<xex>embryo</xex> being applied to the earlier stages.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>f\'d2tus</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Fet"wah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.]</ety>

<def>A written decision of a Turkish mufti on some point of

law.</def><-- written also fatwah -->



<au>Whitworth.</au>



<hw>Feu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

<er>Feud</er>, and <er>Fee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>

<def>A free and gratuitous right to lands made to one for service

to be performed by him; a tenure where the vassal, in place of

military services, makes a return in grain or in money.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Feu"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

Feu.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>One who holds a

feu.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Feud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>feide</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/h<?/</ets>, fr. <ets>f\'beh</ets>

hostile; akin to OHG. <ets>f<?/hida</ets>, G. <ets>fehde</ets>,

Sw. <ets>fejd</ets>, D. <ets>feide</ets>; prob. akin to E.

<ets>fiend</ets>. See Foe.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A combination

of kindred to avenge injuries or affronts, done or offered to any

of their blood, on the offender and all his race.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A contention or quarrel; especially, an

inveterate strife between families, clans, or parties; deadly

hatred; contention satisfied only by bloodshed.</def>



<q>Mutual <qex>feuds</qex> and battles betwixt their several

tribes and kindreds.</q>

<qau>Purchas.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Affray; fray; broil; contest; dispute; strife.</syn>



<hw>Feud</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>feudum</ets>,

<ets>feodum</ets> prob. of same origin as E. <ets>fief</ets>. See

<er>Fief</er>, <er>Fee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A

stipendiary estate in land, held of superior, by service; the

right which a vassal or tenant had to the lands or other

immovable thing of his lord, to use the same and take the

profists thereof hereditarily, rendering to his superior such

duties and services as belong to military tenure, etc., the

property of the soil always remaining in the lord or superior; a

fief; a fee.</def>



<hw>Feu"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>f\'82odal</ets>, or LL. <ets>feudalis</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or feels;

<as>as, <ex>feudal</ex> rights or services; <ex>feudal</ex>

tenures.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of, or founded upon, feuds or fiefs;

embracing tenures by military services; <as>as, the

<ex>feudal</ex> system</as>.</def>



<hw>Feu"dal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82odalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The feudal system; a system

by which the holding of estates in land is made dependent upon an

obligation to render military service to the kind or feudal

superior; feudal principles and usages.</def>



<hw>Feu"dal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An upholder of

feudalism.</def>



<hw>Feu*dal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>f\'82odalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of

being feudal; feudal form or constitution.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Fe`dal*i*za/tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of reducing to feudal tenure.</def>



<hw>Feu"dal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Feudalized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Feudalizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce toa feudal tenure; to

conform to feudalism.</def>



<hw>Feu"dal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a feudal

manner.</def>



<hw>Feu"da*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>feudarius</ets>, fr. <ets>feudum</ets>. See 2d

<er>Feud</er>.]</ety> <def>Held by, or pertaining to, feudal

tenure.</def>



<hw>Feu"da*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tenant who

holds his lands by feudal service; a feudatory.</def>



<au>Foxe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A feodary. See <er>Feodary</er>.</def>



<hw>Feu"da*ta*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>feudatarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>feudataire</ets>.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Feudatory</er>.</def>



<hw>Feu"da*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Feudatories</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A tenant or

vassal who held his lands of a superior on condition of feudal

service; the tenant of a feud or fief.</def>



<q>The grantee . . . was styled the <qex>feudatory</qex> or

vassal.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<q>[He] had for <qex>feudatories</qex> great princes.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<hw>Feu"dto*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Held from another on some

conditional tenure; <as>as, a <ex>feudatory</ex>

title</as>.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<-- no pos in original = n. -->

<hw>\'d8Feu` de joie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F., lit., fire of

joy.]</ety> <def>A fire kindled in a public place in token of

joy; a bonfire; a firing of guns in token of joy.</def>



<hw>Feud"ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>feudiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer on feuds; a person

versed in feudal law.</def>



<au>Spelman.</au>



<hw>\'d8Feu`illants"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A

reformed branch of the Bernardines, founded in 1577 at

<xex>Feuillans</xex>, near Toulouse, in France.</def>



<hw>Feuille"mort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>feuille morte</ets> a dead leaf.]</ety> <def>Having the

color of a faded leaf.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>\'d8Feu`ille*ton"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., from <ets>feulle</ets> leaf.]</ety> <def>A part of a

French newspaper (usually the bottom of the page), devoted to

light literature, criticism, etc.; also, the article or tale

itself, thus printed.</def>



<hw>Feuill"ton*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>feuilletoniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of

feuilletons.</def>



<au>F. Harrison.</au>



<hw>feu"ter</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>feutre</ets> rest for a lance, OF. <ets>feutre</ets>,

<ets>fautre</ets>, <ets>feltre</ets>, felt, cushion, rest for a

lance, fr. LL. <ets>filtrum</ets>, <ets>feltrum</ets>; of German

origin, and akin to E. <ets>felt</ets>. See <er>Felt</er>, and

cf. <er>Filter</er>.]</ety> <def>To set close; to fix in rest, as

a spear.



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Feu"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Either fr.

G. <ets>f\'81tterer</ets> feeder, or corrupted fr. OF.

<ets>vautrier</ets>, <ets>vaultrier</ets>; fr. vaultre, viautre,

a kind of hound, fr. L. <ets>vertragus</ets>,

<ets>vertraga</ets>, a greyhound. The last is of Celtic

origin.]</ety> <def>A dog keeper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Massinger.</au>



<hw>Fe"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fever</ets>, <ets>fefer</ets>, AS. <ets>fefer</ets>,

<ets>fefor</ets>, L. <ets>febris</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fi\'8avre</ets>. Cf. <er>Febrile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased state of the system, marked by

increased heat, acceleration of the pulse, and a general

derangement of the functions, including usually, thirst and loss

of appetite.  Many diseases, of which fever is the most prominent

symptom, are denominated <xex>fevers</xex>; <as>as, typhoid

<ex>fever</ex>; yellow <ex>fever</ex>.</as></def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Remitting</xex> fevers subside or abate at

intervals; <xex>intermitting</xex> fevers intermit or entirely

cease at intervals; <xex>continued</xex> or <xex>continual</xex>

fevers neither remit nor intermit.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excessive excitement of the passions in

consequence of strong emotion; a condition of great excitement;

<as>as, this quarrel has set my blood in a

<ex>fever</ex></as>.</def>



<q>An envious <qex>fever</qex>

Of pale and bloodless emulation.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>After life's fitful <qex>fever</qex> he sleeps well.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Brain fever</col>, <col>Continued

fever</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Brain</er>,

<er>Continued</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fever and ague</col>, <cd>a

form of fever recurring in paroxysms which are preceded by

chills. It is of malarial origin.</cd> -- <col>Fever

blister</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a blister or vesicle often

found about the mouth in febrile states; a variety of

herpes.</cd> -- <col>Fever bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

wild allspice or spice bush. See <er>Spicewood</er>.</cd> --

<col>Fever powder</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Jame's powder</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Fever root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American herb

of the genus <spn>Triosteum</spn> (<spn>T. perfoliatum</spn>); --

called also <altname>feverwort</altname> amd <altname>horse

gentian</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fever sore</col>, <cd>a carious

ulcer or necrosis.</cd> <au>Miner.</au></cs>



<hw>Fe"ver</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fevered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fevering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put into a

fever; to affect with fever; <as>as, a <ex>fevered</ex>

lip</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The white hand of a lady <qex>fever</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fe"ver*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slight

fever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Fe"ver*few</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>feferfuge</ets>, fr. L. <ets>febrifugia</ets>. See

<er>fever</er>, <er>Fugitive</er>, and cf.

<er>Febrifuge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial

plant (<spn>Pyrethrum, <or/ Chrysanthemum, Parthenium</spn>)

allied to camomile, having finely divided leaves and white

blossoms; -- so named from its supposed febrifugal

qualities.</def>



<hw>Fe"ver*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a

fever; suffering from, or affected with, a moderate degree of

fever; showing increased heat and thirst; <as>as, the patient is

<ex>feverish</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Indicating, or pertaining to, fever;

characteristic of a fever; <as>as, <ex>feverish</ex>

symptoms</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hot; sultry.</def> \'bdThe <xex>feverish</xex>

north.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Disordered as by fever; excited; restless;

<as>as, the <ex>feverish</ex> condition of the commercial

world</as>.</def>



<q>Strive to keep up a frail and <qex>feverish</qex> bing.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fe"ver*ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fe"ver*ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fe"ver*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F.

<ets>fi\'82vreux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Affected with

fever or ague; feverish.</def>



<q>His heart, love's <qex>feverous</qex> citadel.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fever;

<as>as, a <ex>feverous</ex> pulse</as>.</def>



<q>All maladies . . . all <qex>feverous</qex> kinds.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having the tendency to produce fever; <as>as, a

<ex>feverous</ex> disposition of the year</as>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fe"ver*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Feverishly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>Fe"ver*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<cref>Fever root</cref>, under <er>Fever</er>.</def>



<hw>Fe"ver*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Feverish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Few</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Fewer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Fewest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fewe</ets>, <ets>feawe</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a0</ets>, pl.

<ets>fe\'a0we</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>f\'beh</ets>, OHG.

<ets>f</ets>\'b5<ets><?/ fao</ets>, Icel. <ets>f\'ber</ets>, Sw.

<ets>f\'86</ets>, pl., Dan. <ets>faa</ets>, pl., Goth.

<ets>faus</ets>, L. <ets>paucus</ets>, cf. Gr. <?/. Cf.

<er>Paucity</er>.]</ety> <def>Not many; small, limited, or

confined in number; -- indicating a small portion of units or

individuals constituing a whole; often, by ellipsis of a noun, a

few people.</def> \'bdAre not my days <xex>few</xex>?\'b8



<au>Job x. 20.</au>



<q><qex>Few</qex> know and <qex>fewer</qex> care.</q>

<qau>Proverb.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Few</xex> is often used partitively; as,

<xex>few</xex> of them.</note>



<cs><col>A few</col>, <cd>a small number.</cd> -- <col>In

few</col>, <cd>in a few words; briefly.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>- No few</col>, <cd>not few; more than a few;

many.</cd></cs>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<cs><col>- The few</col>, <cd>the minority; -- opposed to

<xex>the many<xex> or <xex>the majority<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fe"wel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fuel</er>.]</ety> <def>Fuel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Few"met</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fumet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Few"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

being few; smallness of number; paucity.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Brevity; conciseness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f<?/ga</ets>, Icel. <ets>feigr</ets>, OHG.

<ets>feigi</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fated; doomed.</def> <mark>[Old

Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Fey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Fay</er>

faith.]</ety> <def>Faith.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Feague</er>.]</ety> <def>To cleanse; to clean out.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Feyne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

feign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Feyre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fair or

market.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fez</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. the town

of <ets>Fez</ets> in Morocco.]</ety> <def>A felt or cloth cap,

usually red and having a tassel, -- a variety of the tarboosh.

See <er>Tarboosh</er>.</def>



<au>B. Taylor.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fia"cre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A kind of French hackney coach.</def>



<hw>Fi"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fiancer</ets>. See <er>Affiance</er>.]</ety> <def>To

betroth; to affiance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Harmar.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fi`an`c\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A betrothed man.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fi`an`c\'82e"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A betrothed woman.</def>



<hw>Fi"ants</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fiente</ets> dung.]</ety> <def>The dung of the fox, wolf,

boar, or badger.</def>



<hw>Fi"ar</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Feuar</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>

<def>One in whom the property of an estate is vested, subject to

the estate of a life renter.</def>



<q>I am <qex>fiar</qex> of the lands; she a life renter.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The price of grain, as legally

fixed, in the counties of Scotland, for the current year.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fi*as"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fiascoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A

complete or ridiculous failure, esp. of a musical performance, or

of any pretentious undertaking.</def>



<hw>Fi"at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., let it be

done, 3d pers. sing., subj. pres., fr. <ets>fieri</ets>, used as

pass. of <ets>facere</ets> to make. Cf. <er>Be</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An authoritative command or order to do

something; an effectual decree.</def>



<q>His <qex>fiat</qex> laid the corner stone.</q>

<qau>Willis.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A warrant of

a judge for certain processes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An

authority for certain proceedings given by the Lord Chancellor's

signature.</def>



<cs><col>Fiat money</col>, <cd>irredeemable paper currency, not

resting on a specie basis, but deriving its purchasing power from

the declaratory fiat of the government issuing it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fi*aunt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Commission;

fiat; order; decree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr.

<ets>fable</ets>; cf. Prov. E. <ets>fibble-fabble</ets>

nonsense.]</ety> <def>A falsehood; a lie; -- used

euphemistically.</def>



<q>They are very serious; they don't tell <qex>fibs</qex>.</q>

<qau>H. James.</qau>



<hw>Fib</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fibbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fibbing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To speak

falsely.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fib</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tell a fib to.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Fib"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who tells

fibs.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fi"ber</hw>, <hw>Fi"bre</hw>  }</mhw>, <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>fibre</ets>, L.

<ets>fibra</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the delicate,

threadlike portions of which the tissues of plants and animals

are in part constituted; <as>as, the <ex>fiber</ex> of flax or of

muscle</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any fine, slender thread, or threadlike

substance; <as>as, a <ex>fiber</ex> of spun glass</as>;

especially, one of the slender rootlets of a plant.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sinew; strength; toughness; <as>as, a man of

real <ex>fiber</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Yet had no <qex>fibers</qex> in him, nor no force.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A general name for the raw material, such as

cotton, flax, hemp, etc., used in textile manufactures.</def>



<cs><col>Fiber gun</col>, <cd>a kind of steam gun for converting,

wood, straw, etc., into fiber. The material is shut up in the gun

with steam, air, or gas at a very high pressure which is

afterward relieved suddenly by letting a lid at the muzzle fly

open, when the rapid expansion separates the fibers.</cd> --

<col>Fiber plants</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>plants capable of

yielding fiber useful in the arts, as hemp, flax, ramie, agave,

etc.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fi"bered</hw>, <hw>Fi"bred</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Having fibers; made up of fibers.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fi"ber-faced`</hw>, <hw>Fi"bre-faced`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a visible fiber embodied

in the surface of; -- applied esp. to a kind of paper for checks,

drafts, etc.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fi"ber*less</hw>, <hw>Fi"bre*less</hw>  }</mhw>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no fibers; destitute of fibers or

fiber.</def>



<hw>Fi"bri*form</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a fiber or fibers;

resembling a fiber.</def>



<hw>Fi"bril</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fibrille</ets>, dim. of <ets>fibre</ets>, L.

<ets>fibra</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small fiber; the branch of a

fiber; a very slender thread; a fibrilla.</def>



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fi*bril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fibrill\'92</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See

<er>Fibril</er>.]</ety> <def>A minute thread of fiber, as one of

the fibrous elements of a muscular fiber; a fibril.</def>



<hw>Fi"bril*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to fibrils or fibers; <as>as, <ex>fibrillar</ex>

twitchings</as>.</def>



<hw>Fi"bril*la*ry</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

of pertaining to fibrils.</def>



<hw>Fi"bril*la`ted</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Furnished with fibrils; fringed.</def>



<hw>Fi`bril*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being reduced to fibers.</def>



<au>Carpenter.</au>



<hw>Fi*bril"lose</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Covered with hairlike appendages, as the under surface of

some lichens; also, composed of little strings or fibers; <as>as,

<ex>fibrillose</ex> appendages</as>.</def>



<-- p. 556 -->



<hw>Fi*bril"lous</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fibraleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

composed of, fibers.</def>



<hw>Fi"brin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fibrine</ets>. See <er>Fiber</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A white, albuminous, fibrous

substance, formed in the coagulation of the blood either by

decomposition of fibrinogen, or from the union of fibrinogen and

paraglobulin which exist separately in the blood. It is insoluble

in water, but is readily digestible in gastric and pancreatic

juice.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The white, albuminous mass remaining after

washing lean beef or other meat with water until all coloring

matter is removed; the fibrous portion of the muscle tissue;

flesh fibrin.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An albuminous body, resembling animal fibrin in

composition, found in cereal grains and similar seeds; vegetable

fibrin.</def>



<cs><col>Fibrin factors</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the

albuminous bodies, paraglobulin and fibrinigen in the blood,

which, by the action of the fibrin ferment, are changed into

fibrin, in coagulation.</cd> -- <col>Fibrin ferment</col>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a ferment which makes its

appearance in the blood shortly after it is shed, and is supposed

to be the active agent in causing coagulation of the blood, with

formation of fibrin.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fi`bri*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The state of acquiring or having an excess

of fibrin.</def>



<hw>Fi"brine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to

the fibers of plants.</def>



<hw>Fi*brin"o*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fibrin</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous substance existing in the blood,

and in other animal fluids, which either alone or with

fibrinoplastin or paraglobulin forms fibrin, and thus causes

coagulation.</def>



<hw>Fi`bri*nog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Possessed of properties similar

to fibrinogen; capable of forming fibrin.</def>



<hw>Fi`bri*no*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.Chem.)</fld> <def>Like fibrinoplastin; capable of

forming fibrin when brought in contact with fibrinogen.</def>



<hw>Fi`bri*no*plas"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fibrin</ets> + Gr. <?/ to form, mold.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous substance, existing

in the blood, which in combination with fibrinogen forms fibrin;

-- called also <altname>paraglobulin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fi"bri*nous</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having, or partaking of the properties of, fibrin; <as>as,

<ex>fibrious</ex> exudation</as>.</def>



<hw>Fi`bro*car"ti*lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + E. <ets>cartilage</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A kind of cartilage with a fibrous matrix

and approaching fibrous connective tissue in structure.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fi`bro*car`ti*lag"i*nous</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fi`bro*chon*dros"te*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + gr. <?/ cartilage + <?/

bone.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Partly fibrous, partly

cartilaginous, and partly osseous.</def>



<au>St. George Mivart.</au>



<hw>Fi"broid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling or forming fibrous tissue; made

up of fibers; <as>as, <ex>fibroid</ex> tumors</as>.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A fibroid tumor; a fibroma.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Fibroid degeneration</col>, <cd>a form of degeneration

in which organs or tissues are converted into fibroid

tissue.</cd> -- <col>Fibroid phthists</col>, <cd>a form of

pulmonary consumption associated with the formation of fibrous

tissue in the lungs, and the gradual atrophy of the lungs, from

the pressure due to the contraction of this tissue.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fi"bro*in</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fibra</ets> a fiber.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

variety of gelatin; the chief ingredient of raw silk, extracted

as a white amorphous mass.</def>



<hw>Fi"bro*lite</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fibrolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A silicate

of alumina, of fibrous or columnar structure. It is like

andalusite in composition; -- called also

<altname>sillimanite</altname>, and

<altname>bucholizite</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fi*bro"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Fiber</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A tumor consisting mainly of fibrous tissue, or of same

modification of such tissue.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fi`bro*spon"gi*\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + <ets>spongia</ets> a

sponge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of sponges

having a fibrous skeleton, including the commercial

sponges.</def>



<hw>Fi"brous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fibreux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing, or consisting of,

fibers; <as>as, the <ex>fibrous</ex> coat of the cocoanut; the

<ex>fibrous</ex> roots of grasses.</as></def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fi"brous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fi`bro*vas"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + E. <ets>vascular</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing woody fiber and ducts, as the

stems of all flowering plants and ferns; -- opposed to

<xex>cellular</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fib"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who tells

fibs.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fib"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fibul\'92</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., clasp,

buckle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A brooch, clasp, or buckle.</def>



<q>Mere <qex>fibul\'91</qex>, without a robe to clasp.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The outer and usually the

smaller of the two bones of the leg, or hind limb, below the

knee.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A needle for sewing up

wounds.</def>



<hw>Fib"u-lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

the fibula.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fib`u*la"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fibularia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See

<er>Fibula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone or

cartilage of the tarsus, which articulates with the fibula, and

corresponds to the calcaneum in man and most mammals.</def>



<hw>Fice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small dog; --

written also <xex>fise</xex>, <xex>fyce</xex>, <xex>fiste</xex>,

etc.</def> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Fi*ch\'82</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Fitch\'90</er>.</def>



<hw>Fict"tel*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A white crystallized mineral resin from

the Fichtelgebirge, Bavaria.</def>



<hw>Fich"u</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

neckerchief.]</ety> <def>A light cape, usually of lace, worn by

women, to cover the neck and throat, and extending to the

shoulders.</def>



<hw>Fic"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fikel</ets> untrustworthy, deceitful, AS. <ets>ficol</ets>,

fr. <ets>fic</ets>, <ets>gefic</ets>, fraud, deceit; cf.

<ets>f\'becen</ets> deceit, OS. <ets>f<?/kn</ets>, OHG.

<ets>feichan</ets>, Icel. <ets>feikn</ets> portent. Cf.

<er>Fidget</er>.]</ety> <def>Not fixed or firm; liable to change;

unstable; of a changeable mind; not firm in opinion or purpose;

inconstant; capricious; <as>as, Fortune's <ex>fickle</ex>

wheel</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>They know how <qex>fickle</qex> common lovers are.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Wavering; irresolute; unsettled; vacillating;

unstable; inconsonant; unsteady; variable; mutable; changeful;

capricious; veering; shifting.</syn>



<hw>Fic"kle*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being fickle; instability; inconsonancy.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fic"kly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fickle

manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pepys.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fi"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ficoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It., a fig, fr.

L.<ets>ficus</ets>. See <er>Fig</er>.]</ety> <def>A fig; an

insignificant trifle, no more than the snap of one's thumb; a

sign of contempt made by the fingers, expressing. <xex>A fig for

you</xex>.</def>



<q>Steal! foh, a <qex>fico</qex> for the phrase.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fic"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fictilis</ets>. See <er>Fiction</er>.]</ety> <def>Molded, or

capable of being molded, into form by art; relating to pottery or

to molding in any soft material.</def>



<q><qex>Fictile</qex> earth is more fragile than crude earth.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The earliest specimens of Italian <qex>fictile</qex> art.</q>

<qau>C. Wordsworth.</qau>



<cs><col>Fictile ware</col>, <cd>ware made of any material which

is molded or shaped while soft; hence, pottery of any

sort.</cd></cs>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fic"tile*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Fic*til"i*ty</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fic"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fiction</ets>, L. <ets>fictio</ets>, fr. <ets>fingere</ets>,

<ets>fictum</ets> to form, shape, invent, feign. See

<er>Feign</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of feigning,

inventing, or imagining; <as>as, by a mere <ex>fiction</ex> of

the mind</as>.</def>



<au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is feigned, invented, or imagined;

especially, a feigned or invented story, whether oral or written.

Hence: A story told in order to deceive; a fabrication; --

opposed to <xex>fact</xex>, or <xex>reality</xex>.</def>



<q>The <qex>fiction</qex> of those golden apples kept by a

dragon.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<q>When it could no longer be denied that her flight had been

voluntary, numerous <qex>fictions</qex> were invented to account

for it.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fictitious literature; comprehensively, all

works of imagination; specifically, novels and romances.</def>



<q>The office of <qex>fiction</qex> as a vehicle of instruction

and moral elevation has been recognized by most if not all great

educators.</q>

<qau>Dict. of Education.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An assumption of a possible

thing as a fact, irrespective of the question of its truth.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any like assumption made for convenience, as for

passing more rapidly over what is not disputed, and arriving at

points really at issue.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Fabrication; invention; fable; falsehood.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Fiction</er>, <er>Fabrication</er>.

<xex>Fiction</xex> is opposed to what is real;

<xex>fabrication</xex> to what is true. <xex>Fiction</xex> is

designed commonly to amuse, and sometimes to instruct; a

<xex>fabrication</xex> is always intended to mislead and deceive.

In the novels of Sir Walter Scott we have <xex>fiction</xex> of

the highest order. The poems of Ossian, so called, were chiefly

<xex>fabrications</xex> by Macpherson.</usage>



<hw>Fic"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or characterized by, fiction; fictitious;

romantic.</def>\'bd<xex>Fictional</xex> rather than

historical.\'b8



<au>Latham.</au>



<hw>Fic"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer of

fiction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Fic"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fictitious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Fic*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fictitius</ets>. See <er>Fiction</er>.]</ety> <def>Feigned;

imaginary; not real; fabulous; counterfeit; false; not genuine;

<as>as, <ex>fictitious</ex> fame</as>.</def>



<q>The human persons are as <qex>fictitious</qex> as the airy

ones.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fic*ti"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fic*ti"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fic"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fictif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Feigned; counterfeit.</def>

\'bdThe fount of <xex>fictive</xex> tears.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Fic"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>An artist who models or forms statues and reliefs in any

plastic material.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Elmes.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fi"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

fig.]</ety> <def>A genus of trees or shrubs, one species of which

(<spn>F. Carica</spn>) produces the figs of commerce; the fig

tree.</def>



<note><hand/ <spn>Ficus Indica</spn> is the banyan tree; <spn>F.

religiosa</spn>, the peepul tree; <spn>F. elastica</spn>, the

India-rubber tree.</note>



<hw>Fid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>fid</ets> a small, thick lump.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A square bar of wood or iron, used to

support the topmast, being passed through a hole or mortise at

its heel, and resting on the trestle trees.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wooden or metal bar or pin, used to support or

steady anything.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pin of hard wood, tapering to a point, used to

open the strands of a rope in splicing.</def>



<note><hand/ There are <xex>hand fids</xex> and <xex>standing

fids</xex> (which are larger than the others, and stand upon a

flat base). An iron implement for this purpose is called a

<xex>marline spike</xex>.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A block of wood used in

mounting and dismounting heavy guns.</def>



<hw>Fi*dal"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg. See

<er>Hidalgo</er>.]</ety> <def>The lowest title of nobility in

Portugal, corresponding to that of <xex>Hidalgo</xex> in

Spain.</def>



<hw>Fid"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fidele</ets>, <ets>fithele</ets>, AS. <ets>fi<?/ele</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>vedel</ets>, OHG. <ets>fidula</ets>, G.

<ets>fiedel</ets>, Icel. <ets>fi<?/la</ets>, and perh. to E.

<ets>viol</ets>. Cf. <er>Viol</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A stringed instrument of music played with

a bow; a violin; a kit.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of dock (<spn>Rumex

pulcher</spn>) with fiddle-shaped leaves; -- called also

<altname>fiddle dock</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rack or frame of bars

connected by strings, to keep table furniture in place on the

cabin table in bad weather.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<cs><col>Fiddle beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

Japanese carabid beetle (<spn>Damaster blaptoides</spn>); -- so

called from the form of the body.</cd> -- <col>Fiddle block</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a long tackle block having two sheaves of

different diameters in the same plane, instead of side by side as

in a common double block.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Fiddle

bow</col>, <cd>fiddlestick.</cd> -- <col>Fiddle fish</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the angel fish.</cd> -- <col>Fiddle

head</col>, <cd>an ornament on a ship's bow, curved like the

volute or scroll at the head of a violin.</cd> -- <col>Fiddle

pattern</col>, <cd>a form of the handles of spoons, forks, etc.,

somewhat like a violin.</cd> -- <col>Scotch fiddle</col>, the

itch. (<mark>Low</mark>) -- <mcol><col>To play</col> <col>first,

<or/ second</col>, <col>fiddle</col></mcol>, <cd>to take a

leading or a subordinate part. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fid"dle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fiddled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fiddling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To play on a fiddle.</def>



<q>Themistocles . . . said he could not <qex>fiddle</qex>, but he

could make a small town a great city.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To keep the hands and fingers actively moving as

a fiddler does; to move the hands and fingers restlessy or in

busy idleness; to trifle.</def>



<q>Talking, and <qex>fiddling</qex> with their hats and

feathers.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<hw>Fid"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To play (a

tune) on a fiddle.</def>



<hw>Fid"dle*dee*dee`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>

<def>An exclamatory word or phrase, equivalent to

<xex>nonsense</xex>!</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fod"dle-fad`dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

trifle; trifling talk; nonsense.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Spectator.</au>



<hw>Fid"dle-fad`dle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To talk

nonsense.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Ford.</au>



<hw>Fid"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fi<?/elere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who plays on a

fiddle or violin.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A burrowing crab of the

genus <spn>Gelasimus</spn>, of many species. The male has one

claw very much enlarged, and often holds it in a position similar

to that in which a musician holds a fiddle, hence the name; --

called also <altname>calling crab</altname>, <altname>soldier

crab</altname>, and <altname>fighting crab</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European

sandpiper (<spn>Tringoides hypoleucus</spn>); -- so called

because it continually oscillates its body.</def>



<cs><col>Fiddler crab</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Fiddler</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fid"dle-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inversely ovate, with a deep hollow on

each side.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Fid"dle*stick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bow,

strung with horsehair, used in playing the fiddle; a fiddle

bow.</def>



<hw>Fid"dle*string`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of

the catgut strings of a fiddle.</def>



<hw>Fid"dle*wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupted fr. F. bois-<ets>fid\'8ale</ets>, lit., faithful

wood; -- so called from its durability.]</ety> <def>The wood of

several West Indian trees, mostly of the genus

<spn>Citharexylum</spn>.</def>



<hw>Fi`de*jus"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fidejussio</ets>, from <ets>fidejubere</ets> to be surety or

bail; <ets>fides</ets> faith + <ets>jubere</ets> to order: cf. F.

<ets>fid\'82jussion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The

act or state of being bound as surety for another;

suretyship.</def>



<hw>Fi`de*jus"sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.: cf.

F. <ets>fid\'82jusseur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld>

<def>A surety; one bound for another, conjointly with him; a

guarantor.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Fi*del"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fidelitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fid\'82lit\'82</ets>. See

<er>Fealty</er>.]</ety> <def>Faithfulness; adherence to right;

careful and exact observance of duty, or discharge of

obligations.</def> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Adherence to a

person or party to which one is bound; loyalty.</def>



<q>Whose courageous <qex>fidelity</qex> was proof to all

danger.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The best security for the <qex>fidelity</qex> of men is to

make interest coincide with duty.</q>

<qau>A. Hamilton.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Adherence to the marriage contract</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Adherence to truth; veracity; honesty</def>.



<q>The principal thing required in a witness is

<qex>fidelity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Faithfulness; honesty; integrity; faith; loyalty;

fealty.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Fi"des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

faith.]</ety> <fld>(Roman Muth.)</fld> <def>Faith personified as

a goddess; the goddess of faith.</def>



<hw>Fidge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fidget</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Fidg"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fidgeted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fodgeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Fidge</er>; cf. OE. <ets>fiken</ets> to fidget, to flatter,

Icel. <ets>fika</ets> to hasten, Sw. <ets>fika</ets> to hunt

after, AS. <ets>befician</ets> to deceive. Cf.

<er>Fickle</er>.]</ety> <def>To move uneasily one way and the

other; to move irregularly, or by fits and starts.</def>



<au>Moore.</au>



<hw>Fidg"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Uneasiness;

restlessness.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A general nervous restlessness,

manifested by incessant changes of position; dysphoria.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Fidg"et*i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality

of being fidgety.</def>



<hw>Fidg"et*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Restless;

uneasy.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fid"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., prob.

fr. L. <ets>fidus</ets> trusty.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A genus of small beetles, of which one species (the

grapevine Fidia, <spn>F. longipes</spn>) is very injurious to

vines in America.</def>



<hw>Fi*dic"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fidicinus</ets>, fr. <ets>fidicen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, a

lute player.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a

stringed instrument.</def>



<hw>Fi*du"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fiducia</ets> trust, confidence; akin to <ets>fides</ets>

faith. See <er>Faith</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having faith

or trust; confident; undoubting; firm.</def>

\'bd<xex>Fiducial</xex> reliance on the promises of God.\'b8



<au>Hammond.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the nature of a trust; fiduciary; <as>as,

<ex>fiducial</ex> power</as>.</def>



<au>Spelman.</au>



<cs><col>Fiducial edge</col> <fld>(Astron. & Surv.)</fld>,

<cd>the straight edge of the alidade or ruler along which a

straight line is to be drawn.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fiducial</col>

<col>line <or/ point</col></mcol> <fld>(Math. & Physics.)</fld>,

<cd>a line or point of reference, as for setting a graduated

circle or scale used for measurments.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fi*du"cial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

confidence.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Fi*di"ci*a*ry</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>fiduciarus</ets>, fr. <ets>fiducia</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fiduciaire</ets>. See <er>Fiducial</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Involving confidence or trust; confident; undoubting;

faithful; firm; <as>as, in a <ex>fiduciary</ex>

capacity</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Fiduciary</xex> obedience.\'b8



<au>Howell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Holding, held, or founded, in trust.</def>



<au>Spelman.</au>



<hw>Fi*du"ci*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

holds a thing in trust for another; a trustee.</def>



<q>Instrumental to the conveying God's blessing upon those whose

<qex>fiduciaries</qex> they are.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who depends for

salvation on faith, without works; an Antinomian.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Fie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fi</ets>; cf. D. <ets>fif</ets>. G. <ets>pfui</ets>, Icel.

<ets>f<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>fy</ets>, F. <ets>fi</ets>, L.

<ets>fi</ets>, <ets>phy</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation

denoting contempt or dislike. See <er>Fy</er>.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Fief</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fief</ets>; of German origin, and the same word as E.

<ets>fee</ets>. See <er>Fee</er>, and cf. <er>Feud</er>, a

tief.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An estate held of a superior

on condition of military service; a fee; a feud. See under

<er>Benefice</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<-- p. 557 -->



<hw>Field</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>feld</ets>, <ets>fild</ets>, AS. <ets>feld</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>veld</ets>, G. <ets>feld</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'84lt</ets>, Dan.

<ets>felt</ets>, Icel. <ets>fold</ets> field of grass, AS.

<ets>folde</ets> earth, land, ground, OS.

<ets>folda</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cleared land; land

suitable for tillage or pasture; cultivated ground; the open

country.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of land of considerable size; esp., a

piece inclosed for tillage or pasture.</def>



<q><qex>Fields</qex> which promise corn and wine.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place where a battle is fought; also, the

battle itself.</def>



<q>In this glorious and well-foughten <qex>field</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>What though the <qex>field</qex> be lost?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An open space; an extent; an expanse.</def> 

Esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any blank space or ground on which

figures are drawn or projected.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The space

covered by an optical instrument at one view.</def>



<q>Without covering, save yon <qex>field</qex> of stars.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Ask of yonder argent <qex>fields</qex> above.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The whole surface of an

escutcheon; also, so much of it is shown unconcealed by the

different bearings upon it. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Fess</er>, where the <xex>field</xex> is represented as gules

(red), while the <xex>fess</xex> is argent (silver).</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An unresticted or favorable opportunity for

action, operation, or achievement; province; room.</def>



<q>Afforded a clear <qex>field</qex> for moral experiments.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A collective term for all the competitors in any

outdoor contest or trial, or for all except the favorites in the

betting.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>That part of the grounds

reserved for the players which is outside of the diamond; --

called also <altname>outfield</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Field</xex> is often used adjectively in the

sense of <xex>belonging to</xex>, or <xex>used in</xex>, <xex>the

fields</xex>; especially with reference to the operations and

equipments of an army during a campaign away from permanent camps

and fortifications. In most cases such use of the word is

sufficiently clear; as, <xex>field</xex> battery;

<xex>field</xex> fortification; <xex>field</xex> gun;

<xex>field</xex> hospital, etc.  A <xex>field</xex> geologist,

naturalist, etc., is one who makes investigations or collections

out of doors.  A survey uses a <xex>field</xex> book for

recording <xex>field</xex> notes, <it>i.e.</it>, measurment,

observations, etc., made in <xex>field</xex> work (outdoor

operations). A farmer or planter employs <xex>field</xex> hands,

and may use a <xex>field</xex> roller or a <xex>field</xex>

derrick. <xex>Field</xex> sports are hunting, fishing, athletic

games, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Coal field</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Coal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Field artillery</col>, <cd>light

ordnance mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army.</cd>

-- <col>Field basil</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the

Mint family (<spn>Calamintha Acinos</spn>); -- called also

<xex>basil thyme<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Field colors</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>small flags for marking out the positions

for squadrons and battalions; camp colors.</cd> -- <col>Field

cricket</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large European cricket

(<spn>Gryllus campestric</spn>), remarkable for its loud

notes.</cd> -- <col>Field day</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A day in

the fields.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>A day when

troops are taken into the field for instruction in

evolutions.</cd> <au>Farrow.</au> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A day of

unusual exertion or display; a gala day.</cd> -- <col>Field

driver</col>, <cd>in New England, an officer charged with the

driving of stray cattle to the pound.</cd> -- <col>Field

duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the little bustard

(<spn>Otis tetrax</spn>), found in Southern Europe.</cd> --

<col>Field glass</col>. <fld>(Optics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

binocular telescope of compact form; a lorgnette; a race

glass.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small achromatic telescope, from

20 to 24 inches long, and having 3 to 6 draws.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>See <cref>Field lens</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Field lark</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The skylark.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The tree pipit.</cd> -- <col>Field lens</col>

<fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>that one of the two lenses forming the

eyepiece of an astronomical telescope or compound microscope

which is nearer the object glass; -- called also <altname>field

glass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Field madder</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Sherardia arvensis</spn>)

used in dyeing.</cd> -- <col>Field marshal</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the highest military rank conferred in the

British and other European armies.</cd> -- <col>Field mouse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a mouse inhabiting fields, as the

campagnol and the deer mouse.</cd> See <er>Campagnol</er>, and

<er>Deer mouse</er>. -- <col>Field officer</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an officer above the rank of captain and

below that of general.</cd> -- <col>Field officer's court</col>

<fld>(U.S.Army)</fld>, <cd>a court-martial consisting of one

field officer empowered to try all cases, in time of war, subject

to jurisdiction of garrison and regimental courts.</cd>

<au>Farrow.</au>  -- <col>Field plover</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the black-bellied plover

(<spn>Charadrius squatarola</spn>); also sometimes applied to the

Bartramian sandpiper (<spn>Bartramia longicauda</spn>).</cd> --

<col>Field spaniel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small

spaniel used in hunting small game.</cd> -- <col>Field

sparrow</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small

American sparrow (<spn>Spizella pusilla</spn>).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>The hedge sparrow.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Field

staff</col>> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a staff formerly used by

gunners to hold a lighted match for discharging a gun.</cd> --

<col>Field vole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European

meadow mouse.</cd> -- <col>Field of ice</col>, <cd>a large body

of floating ice; a pack.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Field</col>, <or/

<col>Field of view</col></mcol>, <cd>in a telescope or

microscope, the entire space within which objects are seen.</cd>

-- <col>Field magnet</col>. <cd>see under <er>Magnet</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Magnetic field</col>. <cd>See <er>Magnetic</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To back the field</col>, <or/ <col>To bet on the

field</col>. <cd>See under <er>Back</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></cd>

-- <col>To keep the field</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To continue a campaign.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To maintain one's ground against all comers.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To</col> <col>lay, <or/ back</col>, <col>against the

field</col></mcol>, <cd>to bet on (a horse, etc.) against all

comers.</cd> -- <col>To take the field</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,

<cd>to enter upon a campaign.</cd></cs>



<hw>Field</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fielded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Fielding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To take the field.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Ball Playing)</fld> <def>To stand out in the

field, ready to catch, stop, or throw the ball.</def>



<hw>Field</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Ball Playing)</fld>

<def>To catch, stop, throw, etc. (the ball), as a fielder.</def>



<hw>Field"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Engaged in the field;

encamped.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To help <qex>fielded</qex> friends.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Field"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of

fields.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>fielden</qex> country also and plains.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Field"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Ball

Playing)</fld> <def>A ball payer who stands out in the field to

catch or stop balls.</def>



<hw>Field"fare`</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>feldfare</ets>, AS. <ets>feldfare</ets>; field +

<ets>faran</ets> to travel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>a

small thrush (<spn>Turdus pilaris</spn>) which breeds in northern

Europe and winters in Great Britain. The head, nape, and lower

part of the back are ash-colored; the upper part of the back and

wing coverts, chestnut; -- called also

<altname>fellfare</altname>.</def>



<hw>Field"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Ball Playing)</fld>

<def>The act of playing as a fielder.</def>



<hw>Field"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cannon

mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army; a piece of

field artillery; -- called also <altname>field

gun</altname>.</def>



<hw>Field"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Any temporary fortification thrown up by

an army in the field; -- commonly in the plural.</def>



<q>All works which do not come under the head of permanent

fortification are called <qex>fieldworks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wilhelm.</qau>



<hw>Field"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Open, like a

field.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Fiend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fend</ets>, <ets>find</ets>, <ets>fiend</ets>,

<ets>feond</ets>, fiend, foe, AS. <ets>fe\'a2nd</ets>; akin to

OS. <ets>f\'c6ond</ets>, D. <ets>vijand</ets> enemy, OHG.

<ets>f\'c6ant</ets>, G. <ets>feind</ets>, Icel.

<ets>fj\'bend</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>fiende</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fijands</ets>; orig. p.pr. of a verb meaning <ets>to

hate</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a2n</ets>, <ets>fe\'a2gan</ets>, OHG.

<ets>f\'c6<?/n</ets>, Goth. <ets>fijan</ets>, Skr.

<ets>p\'c6y</ets> to scorn; prob. akin to E. <ets>feud</ets> a

quarrel. \'fb81. Cf. <er>Foe</er>, <er>Friend</er>.]</ety>

<def>An implacable or malicious foe; one who is diabolically

wicked or cruel; an infernal being; -- applied specifically to

the devil or a demon.</def>



<q>Into this wild abyss the wary <qex>fiend</qex>

Stood on the brink of Hell and looked a while.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>O woman! woman! when to ill thy mind

Is bent, all hell contains no fouler <qex>fiend</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Fiend"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

fiendish spirit or arts.</def>



<au>Marlowe.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fiend"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fiend"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a fiend;

diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal; malignant; devilish;

hellish.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fiend"ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Fiend"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fiend"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fiendish;

diabolical.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Fiend"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fe\'a2ndlic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fiendlike; monstrous;

devilish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fi`e*ras"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small,

slender fishes, remarkable for their habit of living as

commensals in other animals. One species inhabits the gill cavity

of the pearl oyster near Panama; another lives within an East

Indian holothurian.</def>



<hw>Fierce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Fiercer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Fiercest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>fers</ets>, <ets>fiers</ets>, OF. <ets>fier</ets>,

nom. <ets>fiers</ets>, fierce, savage, cruel, F. <ets>fier</ets>

proud, from L. <ets>ferus</ets> wild, savage, cruel; perh. akin

to E. <ets>bear</ets> the animal. Cf. <er>Feral</er>,

<er>Ferocity</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Furious; violent;

unrestrained; impetuous; <as>as, a <ex>fierce</ex>

wind</as>.</def>



<q>His <qex>fierce</qex> thunder drove us to the deep.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vehement in anger or cruelty; ready or eager to

kill or injure; of a nature to inspire terror; ferocious.</def>

\'bdA <xex>fierce</xex> whisper.\'b8 <au>Dickens.</au> \'bdA

<xex>fierce</xex> tyrant.\'b8 <au>Pope.</au>



<q>The <qex>fierce</qex> foe hung upon our broken rear.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Thou huntest me as a <qex>fierce</qex> lion.</q>

<qau>Job. x. 16.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Excessively earnest, eager, or ardent.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Ferocious; savage; cruel; vehement; impetuous;

barbarous; fell. See <er>Ferocious</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fierce"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fierce"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Fi"e*ri fa"ci*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., cause it to

be done.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A judicial writ that lies

for one who has recovered in debt or damages, commanding the

sheriff that he cause to be made of the goods, chattels, or real

estate of the defendant, the sum claimed.</def>



<au>Blackstone. Cowell.</au>



<hw>Fi"er*i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being fiery; heat; acrimony; irritability; <as>as, a

<ex>fieriness</ex> of temper</as>.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Fi"er*y</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Formerly written <ets>firy</ets>, fr.

<ets>fire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of,

containing, or resembling, fire; <as>as, the <ex>fiery</ex> gulf

of Etna; a <ex>fiery</ex> appearance.</as></def>



<q>And <qex>fiery</qex> billows roll below.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vehement; ardent; very active; impetuous.</def>



<q>Hath thy <qex>fiery</qex> heart so parched thine entrails?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The <qex>fiery</qex> spirit of his forefathers.</q>

<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Passionate; easily provoked; irritable.</def>



<q>You kniw the <qex>fiery</qex> quality of the duke.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Unrestrained; fierce; mettlesome;

spirited.</def>



<q>One curbed the <qex>fiery</qex> steed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>heated by fire, or as if by fire; burning hot;

parched; feverish.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>The sword which is made <qex>fiery</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<cs><col>Fiery cross</col>, <cd>a cross constructed of two

firebrands, and pitched upon the point of a spear; formerly in

Scotland borne by a runner as a signal for the clan to take up

arms.</cd></cs>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Fife</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fifre</ets>, OHG. <ets>pf\'c6fa</ets>, LL. <ets>pipa</ets>

pipe, <ets>pipare</ets> to play on the pipe, fr. L.

<ets>pipire</ets>, <ets>pipare</ets>, to peep, pip, chirp, as a

chiken. See <er>Pipe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small

shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used chiefly to

accompany the drum in military music.</def>



<cs><col>Fife major</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a

noncommissioned officer who superintends the fifers of a

regiment.</cd> -- <col>Fife rail</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A rail about the mast, at the deck, to hold

belaying pins, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A railing around the

break of a poop deck.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fife</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fifed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>fifing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play on a fife.</def>



<hw>Fif"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who plays on

a fife.</def>



<hw>Fif"teen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fiftene</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'c6ft<?/ne</ets>,

<ets>f\'c6ft<?/ne</ets>. See <er>Five</er>, and <er>Ten</er>, and

cf. <er>Fifty</er>.]</ety> <def>Five and ten; one more than

fourteen.</def>



<hw>Fif"teen`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sum of

five and ten; fifteen units or objects.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing fifteen units, as 15, or

xv.</def>



<hw>Fif"teenth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fiftenthe</ets>; cf. <ets>fiftethe</ets>, AS.

<ets>f\'c6fte<?/<?/a</ets>. See <er>Fifteen</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Next in order after the fourteenth; -- the

ordinal of fifteen.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of one of fifteen equal parts or

divisions of a thing.</def>



<hw>Fif"teenth`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of

fifteen equal parts or divisions; the quotient of a unit divided

by fifteen.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A species of tax upon personal property formerly

laid on towns, boroughs, etc., in England, being one fifteenth

part of what the personal property in each town, etc., had been

valued at.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A stop in an

organ tuned two octaves above the diaposon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>An interval consisting of two octaves.</def>



<hw>Fifth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fifte</ets>, <ets>fifthe</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'c6fta</ets>. See

<er>Five</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Next in order after the

fourth; -- the ordinal of five.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of one of five equal divisions of a

thing.</def>



<cs><col>Fifth monarchy men</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a

fanatical sect in England, of the time of the commonwealth, who

maintained that there would be a fifth universal monarchy, during

which Christ would reign on earth a thousand years.</cd> --

<col>Fifth wheel</col>, <cd>a horizontal wheel or segment above

the fore axle of a carriage and beneath the body, forming an

extended support to prevent careening.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fifth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quotient of a unit divided by five; one of five equal parts; a

fifth part.</def><-- a fifth of whiskey = a fifth of a gallon -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval of three tones

and a semitone, embracing five diatonic degrees of the scale; the

dominant of any key.</def>



<hw>Fifth"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the fifth place; as

the fifth in order.</def>



<hw>Fif"ti*eth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f\'c6ftigo<?/a</ets>. See <er>Fifty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Next in order after the forty-ninth; -- the ordinal of

fifty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of one of fifty equal parts or

divisions.</def>



<hw>Fif"ti*eth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of fifty equal parts;

the quotient of a unit divided by fifty.</def>



<hw>Fif"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f\'c6ftig</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>finfzug</ets>,

<ets>fimfzug</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81nfzig</ets>, <ets>funfzig</ets>,

Goth. <ets>fimftigjus</ets>. See <er>Five</er>, and <er>Ten</er>,

and cf. <er>Fifteen</er>.]</ety> <def>Five times ten; <as>as,

<ex>fifty</ex> men</as>.</def>



<hw>Fif"ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fifties</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sum of five tens;

fifty units or objects.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing fifty units, as 50, or

l.</def>



<hw>Fig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>figue</ets> the fruit of the tree, Pr. <ets>figa</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>ficus</ets> fig tree, fig. Cf. <er>Fico</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small fruit tree (<spn>Ficus

Carica</spn>) with large leaves, known from the remotest

antiquity. It was probably native from Syria westward to the

Canary Islands.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fruit of a fig tree, which is of round or

oblong shape, and of various colors.</def>



<note><hand/ The fruit of a fig tree is really the hollow end of

a stem, and bears numerous achenia inside the cavity. Many

species have little, hard, inedible figs, and in only a few does

the fruit become soft and pulpy. The fruit of the cultivated

varieties is much prized in its fresh state, and also when dried

or preserved. See <er>Caprification</er>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small piece of tobacco.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The value of a fig, practically nothing; a fico;

-- used in scorn or contempt.</def> \'bdA <xex>fig</xex> for

Peter.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Cochineal fig</col>. <cd>See <er>Conchineal

fig</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fig dust</col>, <cd>a preparation of fine

oatmeal for feeding caged birds.</cd> -- <col>Fig faun</col>,

<cd>one of a class of rural deities or monsters supposed to live

on figs. \'bdTherefore shall dragons dwell there with the

<xex>fig fauns<xex>.\'b8</cd> <au>Jer. i. 39. (Douay

version).</au> -- <col>Fig gnat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a small fly said to be injurious to figs.</cd> -- <col>Fig

leaf</col>, <cd>the leaf tree; hence, in allusion to the first

clothing of Adam and Eve (Genesis iii.7), a covering for a thing

that ought to be concealed; esp., an inadequate covering; a

symbol for affected modesty.</cd> -- <col>Fig marigold</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the name of several plants of the genus

<spn>Mesembryanthemum</spn>, some of which are prized for the

brilliancy and beauty of their flowers.</cd> -- <col>Fig

tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any tree of the genus

<spn>Ficus</spn>, but especially <spn>F. Carica</spn> which

produces the fig of commerce.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fig</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Fico</er>,

<er>Fig</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To insult

with a fico, or contemptuous motion. See <er>Fico</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When Pistol lies, do this, and <qex>fig</qex> me like

The bragging Spaniard.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put into the head of, as something useless

o<?/ contemptible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Fig</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Figure; dress; array.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Were they all in full <qex>fig</qex>, the females with

feathers on their heads, the males with chapeaux bras?</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fi`ga`ro"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

name of the barber in Beaumarchais' \'bdBarber of

Seville.\'b8]</ety> <def>An adroi<?/ and unscrupulous

intriguer.</def>



<hw>Fig"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted fr.

<ets>vagary</ets>.]</ety> <def>A frolic; a vagary; a whim.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Fig"eat`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large beetle

(<spn>Allorhina nitida</spn>) which in the Southern United States

destroys figs.  The elytra are velvety green with pale

borders.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bird. See

<er>Figpecker</er>.</def>



<hw>Fig"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fidgety;

restless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Such a little <qex>figent</qex> thing.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Fig"gum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A juggler's trick; conjuring.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The devil is the author of wicked <qex>figgum</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Fight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fought</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fighting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>fihten</ets>, <ets>fehten</ets>, AS.

<ets>feohtan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vechten</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fehtan</ets>, G. <ets>fechten</ets>, Sw.

<ets>f\'84kta</ets>, Dan. <ets>fegte</ets>, and perh. to E.

<ets>fist</ets>; cf. L. <ets>pugnare</ets> to fight,

<ets>pugnus</ets> fist.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strive or

contened for victory, with armies or in single combat; to attempt

to defeat, subdue, or destroy an enemy, either by blows or

weapons; to contend in arms; -- followed by <xex>with</xex> or

<xex>against</xex>.</def>



<q>You do <qex>fight</qex> against your country's foes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>To <qex>fight</qex> with thee no man of arms will deign.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To act in opposition to anything; to struggle

against; to contend; to strive; to make resistance.</def>



<cs><col>To fight shy</col>, <cd>to avoid meeting fairly or at

close quarters; to keep out of reach.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fight</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To carry on, or

wage, as a conflict, or battle; to win or gain by struggle, as

one's way; to sustain by fighting, as a cause.</def>



<q>He had to <qex>fight</qex> his way through the world.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>I have <qex>fought</qex> a good fight.</q>

<qau>2 Tim. iv. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contend with in battle; to war against;

<as>as, they <ex>fought</ex> the enemy in two pitched battles;

the sloop <ex>fought</ex> the frigate for three hours.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to fight; to manage or maneuver in a

fight; <as>as, to <ex>fight</ex> cocks; to <ex>fight</ex> one's

ship.</as></def>



<cs><col>To fight it out</col>, <cd>to fight until a decisive and

conclusive result is reached.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 558 -->



<hw>Fight</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fight</ets>,

<ets>feht</ets>, AS. <ets>feoht</ets>. See <er>Fight</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A battle; an engagement;

a contest in arms; a combat; a violent conflict or struggle for

victory, between individuals or between armies, ships, or navies,

etc.</def>



<q>Who now defies thee thrice to single <qex>fight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A struggle or contest of any kind.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Strength or disposition for fighting; pugnacity;

<as>as, he has a great deal of <ex>fight</ex> in him</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A screen for the combatants in ships.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Up with your <qex>fights</qex>, and your nettings prepare.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Running fight</col>, <cd>a fight in which the enemy is

continually chased; also, one which continues without definite

end or result.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Combat; engagement; contest; struggle; encounter;

fray; affray; action; conflict. See <er>Battle</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fight"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>feohtere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who fights; a combatant; a

warrior.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fight"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Qualified for

war; fit for battle.</def>



<q>An host of <qex>fighting</qex> men.</q>

<qau>2 Chron. xxvi. 11.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Occupied in war; being the scene of a battle;

<as>as, a <ex>fighting</ex> field</as>.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<cs><col>A fighting chance</col>, <cd>one dependent upon the

issue of a struggle.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Fighting

crab</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fiddler

crab.</cd> -- <col>Fighting fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a remarkably pugnacious East Indian fish (<spn>Betta

pugnax</spn>), reared by the Siamese for spectacular fish

fights.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fight"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Pugnaciously.</def>



<hw>Fight"wite`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fight</ets> + <ets>wite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A mulct or fine imposed on a person for making a

fight or quarrel to the disturbance of the peace.</def>



<hw>Fig"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>figmentum</ets>, fr. <ets>fingere</ets> to form, shape,

invent, feign. See <er>Feign</er>.]</ety> <def>An invention; a

fiction; something feigned or imagined.</def>



<q>Social <qex>figments</qex>, feints, and formalism.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<q>It carried rather an appearance of <qex>figment</qex> and

invention . . . than of truth and reality.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<hw>Pig"peck`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European garden warbler

(<spn>Sylvia, <or/ Currica, hortensis</spn>); -- called also

<altname>beccafico</altname> and <altname>greater

pettychaps</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fig"-shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine univalve shell of the genus

<spn>Pyrula</spn>, or <spn>Ficula</spn>, resembling a fig in

form.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fig"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fig"u*la`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>figulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>figulare</ets> to shape, fr.

<ets>figulus</ets> potter, fr. <ets>fingere</ets> to

shape.]</ety> <def>Made of potter's clay; molded; shaped.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fig"u*line</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. L. <ets>figulina</ets> pottery, fr. <ets>figulus</ets>. See

<er>Figulate</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of pottery ornamented with

representations of natural objects.</def>



<q>Whose <qex>figulines</qex> and rustic wares

Scarce find him bread from day to day.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Fig`ur*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>figurabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being

figurable.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fig`ur*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>figurare</ets> to form, shape, fr. <ets>figura</ets> figure:

cf. F. <ets>figurable</ets>. See <er>Figure</er>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of being brought to a fixed form or shape.</def>



<q>Lead is <qex>figurable</qex>, but water is not.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Fig"ur*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Figure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Represented by figure or

delineation; consisting of figures; <as>as, <ex>figural</ex>

ornaments</as>.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Figurate. See

<er>Figurate</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Figural numbers</col>. <cd>See <cref>Figurate

numbers</cref>, under <er>Figurate</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fig"u*rant`</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n. masc.</pos>

<ety>[F., prop. p.pr. of <ets>figurer</ets> figure, represent,

make a figure.]</ety> <def>One who dances at the opera, not

singly, but in groups or figures; an accessory character on the

stage, who figures in its scenes, but has nothing to say; hence,

one who figures in any scene, without taking a prominent

part.</def>



<hw>Fig"u*rante`</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n. fem.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A female figurant; esp., a ballet

girl.</def>



<hw>Fig"ur*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>figuratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>figurare</ets>. See

<er>Figure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of a definite form or

figure.</def>



<q>Plants are all <qex>figurate</qex> and determinate, which

inanimate bodies are not.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figurative; metaphorical.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bale.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Florid; figurative; involving

passing discords by the freer melodic movement of one or more

parts or voices in the harmony; <as>as, <ex>figurate</ex>

counterpoint or descant</as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Figurate counterpoint</col> <or/

<col>descant</col></mcol> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that which is

not simple, or in which the parts do not move together tone for

tone, but in which freer movement of one or more parts mingles

passing discords with the harmony; -- called also

<altname>figural</altname>, <altname>figurative</altname>, and

<altname>figured counterpoint</altname> or

<altname>descant</altname> (although the term <xex>figured<xex>

is more commonly applied to a bass with numerals written above or

below to indicate the other notes of the harmony).</cd> --

<col>Figurate numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>numbers, or

series of numbers, formed from any arithmetical progression in

which the first term is a unit, and the difference a whole

number, by taking the first term, and the sums of the first two,

first three, first four, etc., as the successive terms of a new

series, from which another may be formed in the same manner, and

so on, the numbers in the resulting series being such that points

representing them are capable of symmetrical arrangement in

different geometrical figures, as triangles, squares, pentagons,

etc.</cd> <note>In the following example, the two lower lines are

composed of <xex>figurate numbers<xex>, those in the second line

being <xex>triangular<xex>, and represented thus: --



                        .              1, 2,  3,  4, etc.

              .        . .             1, 3,  6, 10, etc.

      .      . .     . . . .   etc.    1, 4, 10, 20, etc

 .   . .   . . . .  . . . . .

</note></cs>



<hw>Fig"ur*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

determinate form.</def>



<hw>Fig"ur*ate*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

figurate manner.</def>



<hw>Fig`u*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>figuratio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of giving

figure or determinate form; determination to a certain

form.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Mixture of concords and

discords.</def>



<hw>Fig"ur*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>figurativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>figuratif</ets>. See

<er>Figurative</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Representing by a

figure, or by resemblance; typical; representative.</def>



<q>This, they will say, was <qex>figurative</qex>, and served, by

God's appointment, but for a time, to shadow out the true glory

of a more divine sanctity.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Used in a sense that is tropical, as a metaphor;

not literal; -- applied to words and expressions.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ambounding in figures of speech; flowery;

florid; <as>as, a highly <ex>figurative</ex>

description</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Relating to the representation of form or figure

by drawing, carving, etc. See <er>Figure</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

2.</def>



<q>They belonged to a nation dedicated to the

<qex>figurative</qex> arts, and they wrote for a public familiar

with painted form.</q>

<qau>J. A. Symonds.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Figurative counterpoint</col><???/ <or/

<col>descant</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Figurate</er>.</cd></cs>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fig"ur*a*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fig"ur*a*tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fig"ure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

<ets>figure</ets>, L. <ets>figura</ets>; akin to

<ets>fingere</ets> to form, shape, feign. See

<er>Feign</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The form of anything;

shape; outline; appearance.</def>



<q>Flowers have all exquisite <qex>figures</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The representation of any form, as by drawing,

painting, modeling, carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a

representation of the human body; <as>as, a <ex>figure</ex> in

bronze; a <ex>figure</ex> cut in marble.</as></def>



<q>A coin that bears the <qex>figure</qex> of an angel.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pattern in cloth, paper, or other manufactured

article; a design wrought out in a fabric; <as>as, the muslin was

of a pretty <ex>figure</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A diagram or drawing; made to

represent a magnitude or the relation of two or more magnitudes;

a surface or space inclosed on all sides; -- called

<xex>superficial</xex> when inclosed by lines, and

<xex>solid</xex> when inclosed by surface; any arrangement made

up of points, lines, angles, surfaces, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The appearance or impression made by the conduct

or carrer of a person; <as>as, a sorry

<ex>figure</ex></as>.</def>



<q>I made some <qex>figure</qex> there.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Gentlemen of the best <qex>figure</qex> in the county.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Distinguished appearance; magnificence;

conspicuous representation; splendor; show.</def>



<q>That he may live in <qex>figure</qex> and indulgence.</q>

<qau>Law.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A character or symbol representing a number; a

numeral; a digit; as, 1, 2,3, etc.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Value, as expressed in numbers; price; <as>as,

the goods are estimated or sold at a low

<ex>figure</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>With nineteen thousand a year at the very lowest

<qex>figure</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A person, thing, or action, conceived of as

analogous to another person, thing, or action, of which it thus

becomes a type or representative.</def>



<q>Who is the <qex>figure</qex> of Him that was to come.</q>

<qau>Rom. v. 14.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A mode of expressing

abstract or immaterial ideas by words which suggest pictures or

images from the physical world; pictorial language; a trope;

hence, any deviation from the plainest form of statement.</def>



<q>To represent the imagination under the <qex>figure</qex> of a

wing.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The form of a syllogism with

respect to the relative position of the middle term.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>Any one of the several

regular steps or movements made by a dancer.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A horoscope; the diagram

of the aspects of the astrological houses.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>14.</sn> <fld>(Music)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any short

succession of notes, either as melody or as a group of chords,

which produce a single complete and distinct

impression</def>.</def>



<au>Grove.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form of melody or accompaniment kept up

through a strain or passage; a musical or motive; a florid

embellishment</def>.



<note><hand/ Figures are often written upon the staff in music to

denote the kind of measure. They are usually in the form of a

fraction, the upper figure showing how many notes of the kind

indicated by the lower are contained in one measure or bar. Thus,

<musfig>2/4</musfig> signifies that the measure contains two

quarter notes. The following are the principal figures used for

this purpose: --

<-- the "figures" illustrated here have a bar through each number

and cannot be represented as simple fractions, thus the special

"musfig" field notation.  The following numbers are contained in

a single line of large  (ca. 14 pt.) bold type -->



<musfig>2/2</musfig><musfig>2/4</musfig><musfig>2/8</musfig>

<musfig>4/2</musfig><musfig>2/4</musfig><musfig>4/8</musfig>

<musfig>3/2</musfig><musfig>3/4</musfig><musfig>3/8</musfig>

<musfig>6/4</musfig><musfig>6/4</musfig><musfig>6/8</musfig>

</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Academy figure</col>, <col>Canceled figures</col>,

<col>Lay figure</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under

<er>Academy</er>, <er>Cancel</er>, <er>Lay</er>, etc.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Figure caster</col>, <or/ <col>Figure

flinger</col></mcol>, <cd>an astrologer. This <xex>figure

caster<xex>.\'b8</cd> <au>Milton.</au> -- <col>Figure

flinging</col>, <cd>the practice of astrology.</cd> --

<col>Figure-of-eight knot</col>, <cd>a knot shaped like the

figure 8. See <xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Knot</er>.</cd> --

<col>Figure painting</col>, <cd>a picture of the human figure, or

the act or art of depicting the human figure.</cd> -- <col>Figure

stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>agalmatolite.</cd> --

<col>Figure weaving</col>, <cd>the art or process of weaving

figured fabrics.</cd> -- <col>To cut a figure</col>, <cd>to make

a display. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <au>Sir W.

Scott.</au></cs>



<hw>Fig"ure</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Figured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Figuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>figurer</ets>, L. <ets>figurare</ets>, fr.

<ets>figura</ets>. See <er>Figure</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To represent by a figure, as to form or mold; to

make an image of, either palpable or ideal; also, to fashion into

a determinate form; to shape.</def>



<q>If love, alas! be pain I bear,</q>



<q>No thought can <qex>figure</qex>, and no tongue

declare.Prior.</q>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To embellish with design; to adorn with

figures.</def>



<q>The vaulty top of heaven

<qex>Figured</qex> quite o'er with burning meteors.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To indicate by numerals; also, to compute.</def>



<q>As through a crystal glass the <qex>figured</qex> hours are

seen.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To represent by a metaphor; to signify or

symbolize.</def>



<q>Whose white vestments <qex>figure</qex> innocence.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To prefigure; to foreshow.</def>



<q>In this the heaven <qex>figures</qex> some event.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To write over or

under the bass, as figures or other characters, in order to

indicate the accompanying chords.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To

embellish.</def>



<cs><col>To figure out</col>, <cd>to solve; to compute or find

the result of.</cd> -- <col>To figure up</col>, <cd>to add; to

reckon; to compute the amount of.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fig"ure</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a

figure; to be distinguished or conspicious; <as>as, the envoy

<ex>figured</ex> at court</as>.</def>



<q>Sociable, hospitable, eloquent, admired, <qex>figuring</qex>

away brilliantly.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To calculate; to contrive; to scheme; <as>as, he

is <ex>figuring</ex> to secure the nomination</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fig"ured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Adorned with figures; marked with figures; <as>as,

<ex>figured</ex> muslin</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not literal; figurative.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Free and florid;

<as>as, a <ex>figured</ex> descant</as>. See <er>Figurate</er>,

3.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Indicated or noted by figures.</def>



<cs><col>Figured bass</col>. <cd>See <cref>Continued bass</cref>,

under <er>Continued</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fig"ure*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The figure, statue, or bust, on the prow

of a ship.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who allows his name to be used to give

standing to enterprises in which he has no responsible interest

or duties; a nominal, but not real, head or chief.</def>



<hw>Fi*gu"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Represented

by figure or delineation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fi`gu`rine"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., <ets>dim</ets>. <ets>of figure</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

very small figure, whether human or of an animal; especially, one

in terra cotta or the like; -- distinguished from

<xex>statuette</xex>, which is applied to small figures in

bronze, marble, etc.</def>



<hw>Fig"ur*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who uses

or interprets figurative expressions.</def>



<au>Waterland.</au>



<hw>Fig"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of herbaceous plants (<spn>Scrophularia</spn>),

mostly found in the north temperate zones. See

<er>Brownwort</er>.</def>



<hw>Fi"ji*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Fiji islands or their inhabitants.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of the Fiji

islands.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Feejeean</asp>,

<asp>Feejee</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fyke</er>.</def>



<hw>Fil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.</pos>

of <er>Fall</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> Fell.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fi*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filum</ets> thread.]</ety> <def>Composed of threads.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fil"a*cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>filace</ets> a file, or thread, on which the records of the

courts of justice were strung, F. <ets>filasse</ets> tow of flax

or hemp, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> thread.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A former officer in the English Court of Common

Pleas; -- so called because he <xex>filed</xex> the writs on

which he made out process.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Fil"a*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>filament</ets>, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> thread. See

<er>File</er> a row.]</ety> <def>A thread or threadlike object or

appendage; a fiber; esp. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, the threadlike part

of the stamen supporting the anther.</def>



<hw>Fil`a*men"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the character of, or formed by, a filament.</def>



<hw>Fil"a*metoid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Filament</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a

filament.</def>



<hw>Fil`a*men"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>filamenteux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a thread; consisting of

threads or filaments.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Fil"an*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of kangaroo (<spn>Macropus

Brunii</spn>), inhabiting New Guinea.</def>



<hw>Fil"an*ders</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>filandres</ets>, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> thread.]</ety>

<fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A disease in hawks, characterized by

the presence of small threadlike worms, also of filaments of

coagulated blood, from the rupture of a vein; -- called also

<altname>backworm</altname>.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fi"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filum</ets> a thread.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a

thread or line; characterized by threads stretched across the

field of view; <as>as, a <ex>filar</ex> microscope; a

<ex>filar</ex> micrometer.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8Fi*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A genus of slender, nematode worms of many species,

parasitic in various animals. See <er>Guinea worm</er>.</def>



<hw>Fil"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>filatorium</ets> place for spinning, fr. <ets>filare</ets>

to spin, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread.]</ety> <def>A machine

for forming threads.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>W. Tooke.</au>



<hw>Fil"a*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>filatura</ets>, fr. <ets>filare</ets> to spin: cf. F.

<ets>filature</ets>. See <er>Filatory</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A drawing out into threads; hence, the reeling of silk from

cocoons.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reel for drawing off silk from cocoons; also,

an establishment for reeling silk.</def>



<hw>Fil"bert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr.

<ets>fill + bread</ets>, as filling the bread or husk; cf. G.

<ets>bartnuss</ets> (lit., bread nut) filbert; or perh. named

from a St.<ets>Philibert</ets>, whose day, Aug. 22, fell in the

nutting season.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of the

<spn>Corylus Avellana</spn> or hazel. It is an oval nut,

containing a kernel that has a mild, farinaceous, oily taste,

agreeable to the palate.</def>



<note><hand/ In England <xex>filberts</xex> are usually large

hazelnuts, especially the nuts from selected and cultivated

trees. The American hazelnuts are of two other species.</note>



<cs><col>Filbert gall</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a gall

resembling a filbert in form, growing in clusters on grapevines.

It is produced by the larva of a gallfly

(<spn>Cecidomyia</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Filch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Filched</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Filching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>feol<?/n</ets>

to stick to, OHG. <ets>felhan</ets>, <ets>felahan</ets>, to hide,

Icel. <ets>fela</ets>, Goth. <ets>filhan</ets> to hide, bury,

Prov. E. <ets>feal</ets> to hide slyly, OE.

<ets>felen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To steal or take privily (commonly,

that which is of little value); to pilfer.</def>



<q>Fain would they <qex>filch</qex> that little food away.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>But he that <qex>filches</qex> from me my good name,

Robs me of that which not enriches him,

And makes me poor indeed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Filch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

filches; a thief.</def>



<hw>Filch"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By pilfering or petty

stealing.</def>



<-- p. 559 -->



<hw>File</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>file</ets> row (cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. <ets>fila</ets>),

LL. <ets>fila</ets>, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread. Cf.

<er>Enfilade</er>, <er>Filament</er>, <er>Fillet</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An orderly succession; a line; a row</def>; as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <sd>(Mil)</sd> <def>A row of soldiers ranged one

behind another; -- in contradistinction to <contr>rank</contr>,

which designates a row of soldiers standing abreast; a number

consisting the depth of a body of troops, which, in the ordinary

modern formation, consists of two men, the battalion standing two

deep, or in two ranks</def>.</def>



<note><hand/ The number of <xex>files</xex> in a company

describes its width, as the number of ranks does its depth; thus,

100 men in \'bdfours deep\'b8 would be spoken of as 25

<xex>files</xex> in 4 ranks.



<au>Farrow.</au>

</note>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An orderly collection of papers, arranged in

sequence or classified for preservation and reference; as,

<xex>files</xex> of letters or of newspapers; this mail brings

English <xex>files</xex> to the 15th instant</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>The line, wire, or other contrivance, by which papers are

put and kept in order</def>.



<q>It is upon a <qex>file</qex> with the duke's other

letters.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A roll or list</def>. \'bdA <xex>file</xex> of

all the gentry.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<-- (e) (computer) a collection of data on a recording medium

treated as a unit for the purpose of recording or reading,

accesible by use of a file name. -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Course of thought; thread of narration.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Let me resume the <qex>file</qex> of my narration.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<cs><col>File firing</col>, <cd>the act of firing by file, or

each file independently of others.</cd> -- <col>File

leader</col>, <cd>the soldier at the front of any file, who

covers and leads those in rear of him.</cd> -- <col>File

marching</col>, <cd>the marching of a line two deep, when faced

to the right or left, so that the front and rear rank march side

by side.</cd> <au>Brande & C.</au>  --<mcol><col>Indian

file</col>, <or/ <col>Single file</col></mcol>, <cd>a line of men

marching one behind another; a single row.</cd> -- <col>On

file</col>, <cd>preserved in an orderly collection.</cd> --

<col>Rank and file</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The body of soldiers

constituing the mass of an army, including corporals and

privates.</cd></cs> <au>Wilhelm.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Those who

constitute the bulk or working members of a party, society, etc.,

in distinction from the leaders.</cd></cs>



<hw>File</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Filed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Filing</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To set in order; to arrange, or lay away, esp.

as papers in a methodical manner for preservation and reverence;

to place on file; to insert in its proper place in an arranged

body of papers.</def>



<q>I would have my several courses and my dishes well

<qex>filed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring before a court or legislative body by

presenting proper papers in a regular way; <as>as, to

<ex>file</ex> a petition or bill</as>.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To put upon the files or among

the records of a court; to note on (a paper) the fact date of its

reception in court.</def>



<q>To <qex>file</qex> a paper, on the part of a party, is to

place it in the official custody of the clerk. To

<qex>file</qex>, on the part of the clerk, is to indorse upon the

paper the date of its reception, and retain it in his office,

subject to inspection by whomsoever it may concern.</q>

<qau>Burrill.</qau>



<hw>File</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>filer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To march in a

file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, but one after another; --

generally with <xex>off</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>To file with</col>, <cd>to follow closely, as one

soldier after another in file; to keep pace.</cd></cs>



<q>My endeavors

Have ever come too short of my desires,

Yet <qex>filed with</qex> my abilities.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>File</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fe\'a2l</ets>; akin to D. <ets>viji</ets>, OHG.

<ets>f\'c6la</ets>, <ets>f\'c6hala</ets>, G. <ets>feile</ets>,

Sw. <ets>fil</ets>, Dan. <ets>fiil</ets>, cf. Icel.

<ets><?/<?/l</ets>, Russ. <ets>pila</ets>, and Skr.

<ets>pi<?/</ets> to cut out, adorn; perh. akin to E.

<ets>paint</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A steel instrument,

having cutting ridges or teeth, made by indentation with a

chisel, used for abrading or smoothing other substances, as

metals, wood, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ A <xex>file</xex> differs from a <xex>rasp</xex> in

having the furrows made by straight cuts of a chisel, either

single or crossed, while the rasp has coarse, single teeth,

raised by the pyramidal end of a triangular punch.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything employed to smooth, polish, or rasp,

literally or figuratively.</def>



<q>Mock the nice touches of the critic's <qex>file</qex>.</q>

<qau>Akenside.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A shrewd or artful person.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Fielding.</au>



<q>Will is an old <qex>file</qex> spite of his smooth face.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Bastard file</col>, <col>Cross file</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc. See under <er>Bastard</er>, <er>Cross</er>, etc.</cd> --

<col>Cross-cut file</col>, <cd>a file having two sets of teeth

crossing obliquely.</cd> -- <col>File blank</col>, <cd>a steel

blank shaped and ground ready for cutting to form a file.</cd> --

<col>File cutter</col>, <cd>a maker of files.</cd> --

<col>Second-cut file</col>, <cd>a file having teeth of a grade

next finer than bastard.</cd> -- <col>Single-cut file</col>,

<cd>a file having only one set of parallel teeth; a float.</cd>

-- <col>Smooth file</col>, <cd>a file having teeth so fine as to

make an almost smooth surface.</cd></cs>



<hw>File</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub, smooth,

or cut away, with a file; to sharpen with a file; <as>as, to

<ex>file</ex> a saw or a tooth</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To smooth or polish as with a file.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q><qex>File</qex> your tongue to a little more courtesy.Sir

W.Scott.</q>



<hw>File</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fulen</ets>,

<ets>filen</ets>, <ets>foulen</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/lan</ets>, fr.

f<?/l foul. See <er>Foul</er>, and cf. <er>Defile</er>,

<er>v</er>.<er>t</er>.]</ety> <def>To make f<?/ul; to

defile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All his hairy breast with blood was

<qex>filed</qex>.<qex>Spenser</qex>.</q>



<q>For Banquo's issue have I <qex>filed</qex> mind.Shak.</q>



<hw>File"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any plectognath fish of the genera

<xex>Monacanthus</xex>, <xex>Alutera</xex>, <xex>balistes</xex>,

and allied genera; -- so called on account of the roughly

granulated skin, which is sometimes used in place of

sandpaper.</def>



<hw>Fil"e*mot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Feullemort</er>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Fil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who works

with a file.</def>



<hw>Fil"ial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filialis</ets>, fr. <ets>filius</ets> son, <ets>filia</ets>

daughter; akin to e. <ets>female</ets>, <ets>feminine</ets>. Cf.

<er>Fitz</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a son

or daughter; becoming to a child in relation to his parents;

<as>as, <ex>filial</ex> obedience</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bearing the relation of a child.</def>



<q>And thus the <qex>filial</qex> Godhead answering spoke.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fil"ial*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

filial manner.</def>



<hw>Fil"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adopt

as son or daughter; to establish filiation between.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Fil`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>filiatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>filius</ets> son: cf. F.

<ets>filiation</ets>. See <er>Filial</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The relationship of a son or child to a parent, esp. to a

father.</def>



<q>The relation of paternity and <qex>filiation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The assignment of a bastard

child to some one as its ather; affiliation.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Fil"i*beg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>feileadhbeag</ets>, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., little kilt;

<ets>feileadh</ets> kilt + <ets>beag</ets> little, small; cf.

<ets>filleadh</ets> a plait, fold.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Kilt</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>philibeg</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fil"i*bus`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>flibuster</ets>, <ets>flibustero</ets>, corrupted fr. E.

<ets>freebooter</ets>. See <er>Freebooter</er>.]</ety> <def>A

lawless military adventurer, especially one in quest of plunder;

a freebooter; -- originally applied to buccaneers infesting the

Spanish American coasts, but introduced into common English to

designate the followers of Lopez in his expedition to Cuba in

1851, and those of Walker in his expedition to Nicaragua, in

1855.</def>



<hw>Fil"i*bus*ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Fillibustered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Filibustering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To act as a filibuster, or military freebooter.</def>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To delay legislation, by dilatory motions or

other artifices.</def> <mark>[political cant or slang,

U.S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Fil"i*bus`ter*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

characteristics or practices of a filibuster.</def>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Fil"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to

the <xex>Filices</xex>, r ferns.</def>



<hw>Fi*lic"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a fern.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, ferns;

<as>as, <ex>filicic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Fil"i*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filius</ets> son, <ets>filia</ets> daughter +

<ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>The act of murdering a

son or a daughter; also, parent who commits such a murder.</def>



<hw>Fi*lic"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, fern + <ets>-form</ets>: cf.

F. <ets>filiciforme</ets>]</ety> <def>Shaped like a fern or like

the parts of a fern leaf.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Fil"i*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, fern + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf.

F. <ets>filicoi\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Fernlike, either in form or in the nature of the method of

reproduction.</def>



<hw>Fil"i*coid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

fernlike plant.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<hw>Fi*li"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filietas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The relation of a son to a

father; sonship; -- the correlative of

<xex>paternity</xex>.</def>



<au>J. S. Mill.</au>



<hw>Fi*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filum</ets> a thread + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing threads.</def>



<au>Carpenter.</au>



<hw>Fil"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filum</ets> thread + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>filiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the shape of a thread or

filament; <as>as, the <ex>filiform</ex> papill\'91 of the tongue;

a <ex>filiform</ex> style or peduncle.</as>  See <ex>Illust</ex>.

of <er>Antenn\'92</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fil"i*grain</hw>, <hw>Fil"i*grane</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>filigrana</ets> (cf.

It. <ets>filigrana</ets>, E. <ets>filigrane</ets>), fr. L.

<ets>filum</ets>a thread + <ets>granum</ets> grain. See

<er>File</er> a row, and <er>Grain</er>, and cf.

<er>Filigree</er>.]</ety> <def>Filigree.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>With her head . . . touches the crown of

<qex>filigrane</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Fil"i*graned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Filigreed</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Fil"i*gree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted

fr. <ets>filigrane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ornamental work, formerly

with grains or breads, but now composed of fine wire and used

chiefly in decorating gold and silver to which the wire is

soldered, being arranged in designs frequently of a delicate and

intricate arabesque pattern.</def>



<hw>Fil"i*gree</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to, composed of,

or resembling, work in filigree; <as>as, a <ex>filigree</ex>

basket</as>. Hence: Fanciful; unsubstantial; merely

decorative.</def>



<q>You ask for reality, not fiction and <qex>filigree</qex>

work.</q>

<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>



<hw>Fil"i*greed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Adorned

with filigree.</def>



<au>Tatler.</au>



<hw>Fil"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fragment or

particle rubbed off by the act of filing; <as>as, iron

<ex>filings</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Fil`i*pen"du*lous</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread + <ets>pendulus</ets> hanging,

fr. <ets>pend<?/re</ets> to hang.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Suspended by, or strung upon, a thread; -- said of tuberous

swellings in the middle or at the extremities of slender,

threadlike rootlets.</def>



<hw>Fill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Thill</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the thills or shafts of a

carriage.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<cs><col>Fill horse</col>, <cd>a thill horse.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fill</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Filled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Filling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fillen</ets>,

<ets>fullen</ets>, AS. <ets>fyllan</ets>, fr. <ets>full</ets>

full; akin to D. <ets>vullen</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81llen</ets>,

Icel. <ets>fylla</ets>, Sw. <ets>fylla</ets>, Dan.

<ets>fylde</ets>, Goth. <ets>fulljan</ets>. See <er>Full</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make full; to supply

with as much as can be held or contained; to put or pour into,

till no more can be received; to occupy the whole capacity

of.</def>



<q>The rain also <qex>filleth</qex> the pools.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxxiv. 6.</qau>



<q>Jesus saith unto them, <qex>Fill</qex> the waterpots with

water. Anf they <qex>filled</qex> them up to the brim.</q>

<qau>John ii. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish an abudant supply to; to furnish with

as mush as is desired or desirable; to occupy the whole of; to

swarm in or overrun.</def>



<q>And God blessed them, saying. Be fruitful, and multiply, and

<qex>fill</qex> the waters in the seas.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 22.</qau>



<q>The Syrians <qex>filled</qex> the country.</q>

<qau>1 Kings xx. 27.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fill or supply fully with food; to feed; to

satisfy.</def>



<q>Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to

<qex>fill</qex>so great a multitude?</q>

<qau>Matt. xv. 33.</qau>



<q>Things that are sweet and fat are more <qex>filling</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To possess and perform the duties of; to

officiate in, as an incumbent; to occupy; to hold; <as>as, a king

<ex>fills</ex> a throne; the president <ex>fills</ex> the office

of chief magistrate; the speaker of the House <ex>fills</ex> the

chair.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To supply with an incumbent; <as>as, to

<ex>fill</ex> an office or a vacancy</as>.</def>



<au>A. Hamilton.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To press and

dilate, as a sail; <as>as, the wind <ex>filled</ex> the

sails</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To trim (a yard) so that the

wind shall blow on the after side of the sails.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Civil Engineering)</fld> <def>To make an

embankment in, or raise the level of (a low place), with earth or

gravel.</def>



<cs><col>To fill in</col>, <cd>to insert; as, he <xex>filled

in<xex> the figures.</cd> -- <col>To fill out</col>, <cd>to

extend or enlarge to the desired limit; to make complete; as, to

<xex>fill out<xex> a bill.</cd> -- <col>To fill up</col>, <cd>to

make quite full; to fill to the brim or entirely; to occupy

completely; to complete.</cd> \'bdThe bliss that <xex>fills

up<xex> all the mind.\'b8 <au>Pope.</au>  \'bdAnd <xex>fill

up</xex> that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ.\'b8 

<au>Col. i. 24.</au></cs>



<hw>Fill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

become full; to have the whole capacity occupied; to have an

abundant supply; to be satiated; <as>as, corn <ex>fills</ex> well

in a warm season; the sail <ex>fills</ex> with the

wind.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill a cup or glass for drinking.</def>



<q>Give me some wine; <qex>fill</qex> full.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To back and fill</col>. See under <er>Back</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos> -- <col>To fill up</col>, <cd>to grow or become quite

full; as, the channel of the river <xex>fills up<xex> with

sand.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>fyllo</ets>. See

<er>Fill</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A full supply, as

much as supplies want; as much as gives complete

satisfaction.</def> \'bdYe shall eat your <xex>fill</xex>.\'b8



<au>Lev. xxv. 19.</au>



<q>I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my <qex>fill</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fill"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, fills; something used for filling.</def>



<q>'T is mere <qex>filer</qex>, to stop a vacancy in the

hexameter.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>They have six diggers to four <qex>fillers</qex>, so as to

keep the <qex>fillers</qex> always at work.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<hw>Fill"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From 1st

<er>Fill</er>.]</ety> <def>A thill horse.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Fil"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>filet</ets>, <ets>felet</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>filet</ets>

thread, fillet of meat, dim. of <ets>fil</ets> a thread, fr. L.

<ets>filum</ets>. See <er>Fille</er> a row.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A little band, especially one intended to encircle the hair

of the head.</def>



<q>A belt her waist, a <qex>fillet</qex> binds her hair.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cooking)</fld> <def>A piece of lean meat

without bone; sometimes, a long strip rolled together and

tied.</def>



<note><hand/ A <xex>fillet</xex> of beef is the under side of the

sirlom; also called <xex>tenderloin</xex>. A <xex>fillet</xex> of

veal or mutton is the fleshy part of the thigh. A

<xex>fillet</xex> of fish is a slice of flat fish without bone.

\'bd<xex>Fillet</xex> of a fenny snake.\'b8</note>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thin strip or ribbon; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> A

strip of metal from which coins are punched. <sd>(b)</sd> A strip

of card clothing. <sd>(c)</sd> A thin projecting band or

strip.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A concave filling in of a

re\'89ntrant angle where two surfaces meet, forming a rounded

corner.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A narrow flat member;

especially, a flat molding separating other moldings; a reglet;

also, the space between two flutings in a shaft. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Base</er>, and <er>Column</er>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An ordinary equaling in

breadth one fourth of the chief, to the lowest portion of which

it corresponds in position.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The thread of a screw.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A border of broad or narrow lines of color or

gilt.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The raised molding about the muzzle of a

gun.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Any scantling smaller than a batten.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fascia; a band of fibers;

applied esp. to certain bands of white matter in the brain.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The loins of a horse,

beginning at the place where the hinder part of the saddle

rests.</def>



<cs><col>Arris fillet</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Arris</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fil"let</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Filleted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Filleting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bind, furnish, or adorn

with a fillet.</def>



<hw>Fil"let*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The protecting of a joint, as between

roof and parapet wall, with mortar, or cement, where

<xex>flashing</xex> is employed in better work.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The material of which fillets are made; also,

fillets, collectively.</def>



<hw>Fil"li*beg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kilt. See

<er>Filibeg</er>.</def>



<hw>Fil"li*bus`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Filibuster</er>.</def>



<hw>Fill"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which is used to fill a cavity or any empty space, or

to supply a deficiency; <as>as, <ex>filling</ex> for a cavity in

a tooth, a depression in a roadbed, the space between exterior

and interior walls of masonry, the pores of open-grained wood,

the space between the outer and inner planks of a vessel,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The woof in woven fabrics.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Brewing)</fld> <def>Prepared wort added to ale

to cleanse it.</def>



<cs><col>Back filling</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Back</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Fil"lip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Filliped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Filliping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>filp</ets>,

<ets>flip</ets>. Cf. <er>Flippant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To strike with the nail of the finger, first placed against

the ball of the thumb, and forced from that position with a

sudden spring; to snap with the finger.</def> \'bdYou

<xex>filip</xex> me o' the head.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To snap; to project quickly.</def>



<q>The use of the elastic switch to <qex>fillip</qex> small

missiles with.</q>

<qau>Tylor.</qau>



<hw>Fil"lip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A jerk of the

finger forced suddenly from the thumb; a smart blow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something serving to rouse or excite.</def>



<q>I take a glass of grog for a <qex>filip</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Fil"li*peen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Philopena</er>.</def>



<hw>Fil"lis*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The rabbet on the outer edge of a sash bar to hold the glass

and the putty.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A plane for making a rabbet.</def>



<cs><col>Fillister screw had</col>, <cd>a short cylindrical screw

head, having a convex top.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fil"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fillies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>fylia</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>foli</ets> foal. See

<er>Foal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

female foal or colt; a young mare. Cf. <er>Colt</er>,

<er>Foal</er>.</def>



<q>Neighing in likeness of a <qex>filly</qex> foal.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lively, spirited young girl.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Film</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>film</ets> skin, fr. <ets>fell</ets> skin; akin to

<ets>fylmen</ets> membrane, OFries. <ets>filmene</ets> skin. See

<er>Fell</er> skin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin skin; a

pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity; hence, any

thin, slight covering.</def>



<q>He from thick <qex>films</qex> shall purge the visual ray.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A slender thread, as that of a cobweb.</def>



<q>Her whip of cricket's bone, the lash of <qex>film</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Film</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover with a thin skin or

pellicle.</def>



<q>It will but skin and <qex>film</qex> the ulcerous place.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Film"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of

being filmy.</def>



<hw>Film"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Composed of film

or films.</def>



<q>Whose <qex>filmy</qex> cord should bind the struggling

fly.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fil`o*plu*ma"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the structure of a

filoplume.</def>



<hw>Fil"o*plume</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filum</ets> a thread <?/ <ets>pluma</ets> a soft

feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hairlike feather; a

father with a slender scape and without a web in most or all of

its length.</def>



<-- p. 560 -->



<hw>Fi"lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>filum</ets> a thread.]</ety> <def>Terminating in a

threadlike process.</def>



<hw>Fil"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>filtre</ets>, the same word as <ets>feutre</ets> felt, LL.

<ets>filtrum</ets>, <ets>feltrum</ets>, felt, fulled wool, this

being used for straining liquors. See <er>Feuter</er>.]</ety>

<def>Any porous substance, as cloth, paper, sand, or charcoal,

through which water or other liquid may passed to cleanse it from

the solid or impure matter held in suspension; a chamber or

device containing such substance; a strainer; also, a similar

device for purifying air.</def>



<cs><col>Filter bed</col>, <cd>a pond, the bottom of which is a

filter composed of sand gravel.</cd> -- <col>Filter

gallery</col>, <cd>an underground gallery or tunnel, alongside of

a stream, to collect the water that filters through the

intervening sand and gravel; -- called also <altname>infiltration

gallery</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fil"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Filtered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Filtering</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>filter</ets>. See <er>Filter</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Filtrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To purify or defecate, as water or

other liquid, by causing it to pass through a filter.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Filtering paper</col>, <or/ <col>Filter

paper</col></mcol>, <cd>a porous unsized paper, for

filtering.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fil"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To pass through a filter;

to percolate.</def>



<hw>Fil"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Philter</er>.</def>



<hw>Filth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>filthe</ets>, <ets>ful\'ebe</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/l\'eb</ets>,

fr. <ets>f\'d4l</ets> foul; akin to OHG. <ets>f\'d4lida</ets>.

See <er>Foul</er>, and cf. <er>File</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Foul matter; anything that soils or defiles; dirt;

nastiness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that sullies or defiles the moral

character; corruption; pollution.</def>



<q>To purify the soul from the dross and <qex>filth</qex> of

sensual delights.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<cs><col>Filth disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease

supposed to be due to pollution of the soil or water.</cd></cs>



<hw>Filth"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

filthy manner; foully.</def>



<hw>Filth"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state

of being filthy.</def>



<q>Let us cleanse ourselves from all <qex>filthiness</qex> of the

flesh and spirit.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. vii. 1.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is filthy, or makes filthy; foulness;

nastiness; corruption; pollution; impurity.</def>



<q>Carry forth the <qex>filthiness</qex> out of the holy

place.</q>

<qau>2 Chron. xxix. 5.</qau>



<hw>Filth"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Filthier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Filthiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Defiled

with filth, whether material or moral; nasty; dirty; polluted;

foul; impure; obscene.</def> \'bdIn the <xex>filthy</xex>-mantled

pool.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>He which is <qex>filthy</qex> let him be <qex>filthy</qex>

still.</q>

<qau>Rev. xxii. 11.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Nasty; foul; dirty; squalid; unclean; sluttish;

gross; vulgar; licentious. See <er>Nasty</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fil"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Filtrated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Filtrating</er>.

<pr>(<?/)</pr>]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>filtrare</ets>.

See <er>Filter</er>.]</ety> <def>To filter; to defecate; as

liquid, by straining or percolation.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Fil"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which

has been filtered; the liquid which has passed through the filter

in the process of filtration.</def>



<hw>Fil*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>filtration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the

undissolved particles floating in it.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fin"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>, <or/ <hw>Fim"ble

hemp`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw><ety>[Corrupted from <ets>female

hemp</ets>.]</ety> <def>Light summer hemp, that bears no

seed.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fim"bri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fimbri\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fringe. See

<er>Fringle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A fringe, or fringed border.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A band of white matter bordering the

hippocampus in the brain.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fim"bri*al</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fim*bri*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fimbriatus</ets> fibrous, fringed, fr. <ets>fimbria</ets>

fiber, fringe. See <er>Fringe</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the edge

or extremity bordered by filiform processes thicker than hairs;

fringed; <as>as, the <ex>fimbriate</ex> petals of the pink; the

<ex>fimbriate</ex> end of the Fallopian tube.</as></def>



<hw>Fim"bri*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fimbriated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fimbriating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

hem; to fringe.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Fim"bri*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a fringed border; fimbriate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a very narrow border of

another tincture; -- said esp. of an ordinary or

subordinary.</def>



<hw>Fim"bri*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Fringed; jagged; fimbriate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>fringed, on one side only,

by long, straight hairs, as the antenn\'91 of certain

insects.</def>



<hw>Fin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Finned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Finning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fin</er> of

a fish.]</ety> <def>To carve or cut up, as a chub.</def>



<hw>Fin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Fine</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>End; conclusion; object.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdShe knew eke the <xex>fin</xex> of his

intent.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE. <ets>finne</ets>,

<ets>fin</ets>, AS. <ets>finn</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vin</ets>,

G. & Dan. <ets>finne</ets>, Sw. <ets>fena</ets>, L.

<ets>pinna</ets>, <ets>penna</ets>, a wing, feather. cf.

<er>pen</er> a feather.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An organ of a fish, consisting of a membrane supported by

rays, or little bony or cartilaginous ossicles, and serving to

balance and propel it in the water.</def>



<note><hand/ Fishes move through the water chiefly by means of

the caudal fin or tail, the principal office of the other fins

being to balance or direct the body, though they are also, to a

certain extent, employed in producing motion.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A membranous, finlike,

swimming organ, as in pteropod and heteropod mollusks.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A finlike organ or attachment; a part of an

object or product which protrudes like a fin</def>, as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hand</def>. <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A blade of whalebone.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A mark or ridge left on a

casting at the junction of the parts of a mold</def>.

<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The thin sheet of metal

squeezed out between the collars of the rolls in the process of

rolling</def>.



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A feather; a spline</def>.



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A finlike appendage, as to submarine

boats.</def>



<cs><col>Apidose fin</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Adipose</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Fin ray</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the hornlike, cartilaginous, or

bony, dermal rods which form the skeleton of the fins of

fishes.</cd> -- <col>Fin whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

finback.</cd> -- <col>Paired fins</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the pectoral and ventral fins, corresponding to the fore and

hind legs of the higher animals.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Unpaired,

<or/ Median</col>, <col>fins</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the dorsal, caudal, and anal fins.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fin"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fine</er>.]</ety> <def>Liable or subject to a fine; <as>as, a

<ex>finable</ex> person or offense</as>.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fi"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>finalis</ets>, fr. finis boundary, limit, end. See

<er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the end or

conclusion; last; terminating; ultimate; <as>as, the

<ex>final</ex> day of a school term</as>.</def>



<q>Yet despair not of his <qex>final</qex> pardon.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conclusive; decisive; <as>as, a <ex>final</ex>

judgment; the battle of Waterloo brought the contest to a

<ex>final</ex> issue.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Respecting an end or object to be gained;

respecting the purpose or ultimate end in view.</def>



<cs><col>Final cause</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Cause</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Final</er>, <er>Conclusive</er>,

<er>Ultimate</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Final</xex> is now

appropriated to that which brings with it an end; as, a

<xex>final</xex> adjustment; the <xex>final</xex> judgment, etc.

<xex>Conclusive</xex> implies the closing of all discussion,

negotiation, etc.; as, a <xex>conclusive</xex> argument or fact;

a <xex>conclusive</xex> arrangement. In using

<xex>ultimate</xex>, we have always reference to something

earlier or proceeding; as when we say, a temporary reverse may

lead to an <xex>ultimate</xex> triumph. The statements which a

man <xex>finally</xex> makes at the close of a negotiation are

usually <xex>conclusive</xex> as to his <xex>ultimate</xex>

intentions and designs.</usage>



<hw>\'d8Fi*na"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See

<er>Final</er>.]</ety> <def>Close; termination</def>; as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The last movement of a

symphony, sonata, concerto, or any instrumental

composition</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The last composition

performed in any act of an opera</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The

closing part, piece, or scene in any public performance or

exhibition.</def>



<hw>Fi*nal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Finalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>finalitas</ets> the being last.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

state of being final, finished, or complete; a final or

conclusive arrangement; a settlement.</def>



<au>Baxter.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The relation of end or purpose to its

means.</def>



<au>Janet.</au>



<hw>Fi"nal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>At the end or conclusion; ultimately; lastly; <as>as, the

contest was long, but the Romans <ex>finally</ex>

conquered</as>.</def>



<q>Whom patience <qex>finally</qex> must crown.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Completely; beyond recovery.</def>



<q>Not any house of noble English in Ireland was utterly

destroyed or <qex>finally</qex> rooted out.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<hw>Fi*nance"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. LL.

<ets>financia</ets> payment of money, money, fr.

<ets>finare</ets> to pay a fine or subsidy (cf. OF.

<ets>finer</ets> to finish, pay), fr. L. <ets>finis</ets> end.

See <er>Fine</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The income of a ruler or of a state; revennue;

public money; sometimes, the income of an individual; often used

in the plural for funds; available money; resources.</def>



<q>All the <qex>finances</qex> or revenues of the imperial

crown.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The science of raising and expending the public

revenue.</def> \'bdVersed in the details of

<xex>finance</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Fi*nan"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to finance.</def> \'bdOur <xex>financial</xex> and commercial

system.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Fi*nan"cial*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A financier.</def>



<hw>Fi*nan"cial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a dfinancial

manner.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Fin`an*cier"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>financier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One charged with

the administration of finance; an officer who administers the

public revenue; a treasurer.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One skilled in financial operations; one

acquainted with money matters.</def>



<hw>Fin`an*cier"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Financiered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Financiering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To conduct

financial operations.</def>



<hw>Fin"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Iron

Works)</fld> <def>See <er>Finery</er>.</def>



<hw>Fi"na*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Conclusive;

decisive; definitive; final.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Greene (1593).</au>



<hw>Fin"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any whale of the genera

<spn>Sibbaldius</spn>, <spn>Bal\'91noptera</spn>, and allied

genera, of the family <spn>Bal\'91nopterid\'91</spn>,

characterized by a prominent fin on the back. The common finbacks

of the New England coast are <spn>Sibbaldius tectirostris</spn>

and <spn>S. tuberosus</spn>.</def>



<hw>Finch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fishes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>finc</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>vink</ets>, OHG. <ets>fincho</ets>, G.

<ets>fink</ets>; cf. W. <ets>pinc</ets> a finch; also E.

<ets>spink</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

singing bird of many genera and species, belonging to the family

<spn>Fringillid\'91</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ The word is often used in composition, as in

chaf<xex>finch</xex>, gold<xex>finch</xex>,

grass<xex>finch</xex>, pine<xex>finch</xex>, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Bramble finch</col>. <cd>See <er>Brambling</er>.</cd> --

<col>Canary finch</col>, <cd>the canary bird.</cd> -- <col>Copper

finch</col>. <cd>See <er>Chaffinch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diamond

finch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Diamond</er>.</cd> -- <col>Finch

falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several very small

East Indian falcons of the genus <spn>Hierax</spn>.</cd> --

<col>To pull a finch</col>, <cd>to swindle an ignorant or

unsuspecting person.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdPrivily a

<xex>finch<xex> eke could he <xex>pull<xex>.\'b8</cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Finch"backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Streaked

or spotted on the back; -- said of cattle.</def>



<hw>Finched</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Finchbacked</er>.</def>



<hw>Find</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Found</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Finding</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>findan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vinden</ets>, OS. &

OHG. <ets>findan</ets>, G. <ets>finden</ets>, Dan.

<ets>finde</ets>, icel. & Sw. <ets>finna</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fin<?/an</ets>; and perh. to L. <ets>petere</ets> to seek,

Gr. <?/ to fall, Skr. <ets>pat</ets> to fall, fly, E.

<ets>petition</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To meet with, or

light upon, accidentally; to gain the first sight or knowledge

of, as of something new, or unknown; hence, to fall in with, as a

person.</def>



<q>Searching the window for a flint, I <qex>found</qex>

This paper, thus sealed up.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>In woods and forests thou art <qex>found</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To learn by experience or trial; to perceive; to

experience; to discover by the intellect or the feelings; to

detect; to feel.</def> \'bdI <xex>find</xex> you passing

gentle.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The torrid zone is now <qex>found</qex> habitable.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To come upon by seeking; <as>as, to

<ex>find</ex> something lost</as>.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To

discover by sounding; <as>as, to <ex>find</ex> bottom</as>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To discover by study or experiment direct to an

object or end; <as>as, water is <ex>found</ex> to be a compound

substance</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To gain, as the object of

desire or effort; <as>as, to <ex>find</ex> leisure; to

<ex>find</ex> means</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To attain to;

to arrive at; to acquire.</def>



<q>Seek, and ye shall <qex>find</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. vii. 7.</qau>



<q>Every mountain now hath <qex>found</qex> a tongue.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To provide for; to supply; to furnish; <as>as,

to <ex>find</ex> food for workemen; he <ex>finds</ex> his nephew

in money.</as></def>



<q>Wages \'9c14 and all <qex>found</qex>.</q>

<qau>London Times.</qau>



<q>Nothing a day and <qex>find</qex> yourself.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>

<-- obsolete?? -->



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To arrive at, as a conclusion; to determine as

true; to establish; <as>as, to <ex>find</ex> a verdict; to

<ex>find</ex> a true bill (of indictment) against an accused

person.</as></def>



<q>To <qex>find</qex> his title with some shows of truth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To find out</col>, <cd>to detect (a thief); to discover

(a secret) -- to solve or unriddle (a parable or enigma); to

understand.</cd>  \'bdCanst thou by searching <xex>find out<xex>

God?\'b8  <au>Job. xi. 7.</au>  \'bdWe do hope <xex>to find

out</xex> all your tricks.\'b8  <au>Milton.</au> -- <col>To find

fault with</col>, <cd>to blame; to censure.</cd> -- <col>To find

one's self</col>, <cd>to be; to fare; -- often used in speaking

of health; as, how do you <xex>find yourself<xex> this

morning?</cd></cs>



<hw>Find</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>To determine an issue of fact, and to declare such a

determination to a court; <as>as, the jury <ex>find</ex> for the

plaintiff</as>.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Find</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything found; a discovery of

anything valuable; especially, a deposit, discovered by

arch\'91ologists, of objects of prehistoric or unknown

origin.</def>



<hw>Find"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

beong found; discoverable.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Find"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, finds; specifically <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, a small

telescope of low power and large field of view, attached to a

larger telescope, for the purpose of finding an object more

readily.</def>



<hw>Find"fault`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A censurer

or caviler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Find"fault`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to censure or

cavil; faultfinding; captious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Whitlock.</au>



<hw>Find"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is

found, come upon, or provided; esp. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>), that

which a journeyman artisan finds or provides for himself; as

tools, trimmings, etc.</def>



<q>When a man hath been laboring . . . in the deep mines of

knowledge, hath furnished out his <qex>findings</qex> in all

their equipage.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Support; maintenance; that which is provided for

one; expence; provision.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The result of a judicial

examination or inquiry, especially into some matter of fact; a

verdict; <as>as, the <ex>finding</ex> of a jury</as>.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<q>After his friends <qex>finding</qex> and his rent.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Fin"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>finding</ets> heavy; cf. Dan. <ets>fyndig</ets> strong,

energetical, <ets>fynd</ets> strength, energy, emphasis.]</ety>

<def>Full; heavy; firm; solid; substemtial.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A cold May and a windy

Makes the barn fat amd <qex>findy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Old Prover<?/.</qau>



<hw>Fine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Finer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Finest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>fin</ets>, LL. <ets>finus</ets> fine, pure, fr. L.

<ets>finire</ets> to finish; cf. <ets>finitus</ets>, p.p.,

finished, completed (hence the sense <ets>accomplished</ets>,

<ets>perfect</ets>.) See <er>Finish</er>, and cf.

<er>Finite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Finished; brought to

perfection; refined; hence, free from impurity; excellent;

superior; elegant; worthy of admiration; accomplished;

beautiful.</def>



<q>The gain thereof [is better] than <qex>fine</qex> gold.</q>

<qau>Prov. iii. 14.</qau>



<q>A cup of wine that's brisk and <qex>fine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Not only the <qex>finest</qex> gentleman of his time, but one

of the <qex>finest</qex> scholars.</q>

<qau>Felton.</qau>



<q>To soothe the sick bed of so <qex>fine</qex> a being

[Keats].</q>

<qau>Leigh Hunt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Aiming at show or effect; loaded with ornament;

overdressed or overdecorated; showy.</def>



<q>He gratified them with occasional . . . <qex>fine</qex>

writing.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Nice; delicate; subtle; exquisite; artful;

skillful; dexterous.</def>



<q>The spider's touch, how exquisitely <qex>fine</qex>!</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The nicest and most delicate touches of satire consist in

<qex>fine</qex> raillery.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>He has as <qex>fine</qex> a hand at picking a pocket as a

woman.</q>

<qau>T. Gray.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not coarse, gross, or heavy</def>; as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not gross; subtile; thin; tenous.</def>



<q>The eye standeth in the <qex>finer</qex> medium and the object

in the grosser.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not coarse; comminuted; in small particles; as,

<xex>fine</xex> sand or flour</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Not thick

or heavy; slender; filmy; as, a <xex>fine</xex> thread</def>.

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Thin; attenuate; keen; as, a <xex>fine</xex>

edge</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Made of fine materials; light;

delicate; as, <xex>fine</xex> linen or silk</def>.



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having (such) a proportion of pure metal in its

composition; <as>as, coins nine tenths <ex>fine</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>(Used ironically.)</def>



<q>Ye have made a <qex>fine</qex> hand, fellows.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fine</xex> is often compounded with participles

and adjectives, modifying them adverbially; a,

<xex>fine</xex>-drawn, <xex>fine</xex>-featured,

<xex>fine</xex>-grained, <xex>fine</xex>-spoken,

<xex>fine</xex>-spun, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Fine arch</col> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld>, <cd>the

smaller fritting furnace of a glasshouse.</cd> <au>Knight.</au>

-- <col>Fine arts</col>. <cd>See the Note under

<er>Art</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fine cut</col>, <cd>fine cut tobacco;

a kind of chewing tobacco cut up into shreds.</cd> -- <col>Fine

goods</col>, <cd>woven fabrics of fine texture and quality.</cd>

<au>McElrath.</au> -- <col>Fine stuff</col>, <cd>lime, or a

mixture of lime, plaster, etc., used as material for the

finishing coat in plastering.</cd> -- <col>To sail fine</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail as close to the wind as

possible.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fine</er>, <er>Beautiful</er>.</syn> <usage>

When used as a word of praise, <xex>fine</xex> (being opposed to

<xex>coarse</xex>) denotes no \'bdordinary thing of its kind.\'b8

It is not as strong as <xex>beautiful</xex>, in reference to the

single attribute implied in the latter term; but when we speak of

a <xex>fine</xex> woman, we include a greater variety of

particulars, viz., all the qualities which become a woman, --

breeding, sentiment, tact, etc. The term is equally comprehensive

when we speak of a <xex>fine</xex> garden, landscape, horse,

poem, etc.; and, though applied to a great variety of objects,

the word has still a very definite sense, denoting a high degree

of characteristic excellence.</usage>



<-- p. 561 -->



<hw>Fine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fined</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Fine</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make fine; to refine; to

purify, to clarify; <as>as, to <ex>fine</ex> gold</as>.</def>



<q>It hath been <qex>fined</qex> and refined by . . . learned

men.</q>

<qau>Hobbes.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make finer, or less coarse, as in bulk,

texture, etc.; as. to <xex>fine</xex> the soil.</def>



<au>L. H. Bailey.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To change by fine gradations; as

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, to <xex>fine</xex> down a ship's lines, to

diminish her lines gradually.</def>



<q>I often sate at home

On evenings, watching how they <qex>fined</qex> themselves

With gradual conscience to a perfect night.</q>

<qau>Browning.</qau>



<hw>Fine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fin</ets>, L. <ets>finis</ets> end, also in LL., a

<ets>final</ets> agreement or concord between the lord and his

vassal; a sum of money paid at the <ets>end</ets>, so as to make

an <ets>end</ets> of a transaction, suit, or prosecution; mulct;

penalty; cf. OF. <ets>fin</ets> end, settlement, F.

<ets>fin</ets> end. See <er>Finish</er>, and cf.

<er>Finance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>End; conclusion;

termination; extinction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo see

their fatal <xex>fine</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Is this the <qex>fine</qex> of his fines?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sum of money paid as the settlement of a

claim, or by way of terminating a matter in dispute; especially,

a payment of money imposed upon a party as a punishment for an

offense; a mulct.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld>

<def>A final agreement concerning lands or rents between persons,

as the lord and his vassal.</def>



<au>Spelman.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A sum of money or price

paid for obtaining a benefit, favor, or privilege, as for

admission to a copyhold, or for obtaining or renewing a

lease</def>.



<cs><col>Fine for alienation</col> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld>, <cd>a

sum of money paid to the lord by a tenant whenever he had

occasion to make over his land to another.</cd> <au>Burrill.</au>

-- <col>Fine of lands</col>, <cd>a species of conveyance in the

form of a fictitious suit compromised or terminated by the

acknowledgment of the previous owner that such land was the right

of the other party.</cd> <au>Burrill.</au> See <er>Concord</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4. -- <col>In fine</col>, <cd>in conclusion; by

way of termination or summing up.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Fine</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To impose a pecuniary penalty upon for

an offense or breach of law; to set a fine on by judgment of a

court; to punish by fine; to mulct; <as>as, the trespassers were

<ex>fined</ex> ten dollars</as>.</def>



<hw>Fine</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To pay a fine. See

<er>Fine</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Men <qex>fined</qex> for the king's good will; or that he

would remit his anger; women <qex>fined</qex> for leave to

marry.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>Fine</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>finer</ets>,

F. <ets>finir</ets>. See <er>Finish</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To finish; to cease; or to cause to cease.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fine"draw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Finedrawn</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Finedrawing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sew up, so nicely that

the seam is not perceived; to renter.</def>



<au>Marryat.</au>



<hw>Fine"draw`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

finedraws.</def>



<hw>Fine"drawn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Drawn out

with too much subtilty; overnice; <as>as, <ex>finedrawn</ex>

speculations</as>.</def>



<hw>Fi*neer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To run in

dept by getting goods made up in a way unsuitable for the use of

others, and then threatening not to take them except on

credit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Fi*neer"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To veneer.</def>



<hw>Fine"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fine</ets> end + <ets>-less</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Endless; boundless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fine"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fine or finished

manner.</def>



<hw>Fine"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Fine</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or condition of

being fine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Freedom from foreign matter or alloy; clearness;

purity; <as>as, the <ex>fineness</ex> of liquor</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>fineness</qex> of the gold, and chargeful

fashion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The proportion of pure silver or gold in

jewelry, bullion, or coins.</def>



<note><hand/ The fineness of United States coin is nine tenths,

that of English gold coin is eleven twelfths, and that of English

silver coin is <?/.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Keenness or sharpness; <as>as, the

<ex>fineness</ex> of a needle's point, or of the edge of a

blade</as>.</def>



<hw>Fin"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who fines or

purifies.</def>



<hw>Fin"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Fineness; beauty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Don't choose your place of study by the <qex>finery</qex> of

the prospects.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ornament; decoration; especially, excecially

decoration; showy clothes; jewels.</def>



<q>Her mistress' cast-off <qex>finery</qex>.</q>

<qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Refinery</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Iron

Works)</fld> <def>A charcoal hearth or furnace for the conversion

of cast iron into wrought iron, or into iron suitable for

puddling.</def>



<hw>Fine"spun`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Spun so as

to be fine; drawn to a fine thread; attenuated; hence,

unsubstantial; visionary; <as>as, <ex>finespun</ex>

theories</as>.</def>



<hw>Fi`nesse"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>fin</ets> fine. See <er>Fine</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Subtilty of contrivance to gain a point;

artifice; stratagem.</def>



<q>This is the artificialest piece of <qex>finesse</qex> to

persuade men into slavery.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Whist Playing)</fld> <def>The act of finessing.

See <er>Finesse</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>Fi*nesse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Finessed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Finessing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use artifice

or stratagem.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Whist Playing)</fld> <def>To attempt, when

second or third player, to make a lower card answer the purpose

of a higher, when an intermediate card is out, risking the chance

of its being held by the opponent yet to play.</def>



<hw>Fine"still`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

distill, as spirit from molasses or some saccharine

preparation.</def>



<hw>Fine"still`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

finestills.</def>



<hw>Fin"ew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fenowed</er>.]</ety> <def>Moldiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fin"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A finback whale.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) <def>True fish, as distinguished

from shellfish.</def>



<hw>Fin"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird (<spn>heliornis

fulica</spn>) allied to the grebes. The name is also applied to

several related species of the genus <spn>Podica</spn>.</def>



<hw>Fin"-foot`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having palmate feet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Having lobate toes, as the coot and grebe.</def>



<hw>Fin"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>finger</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vinger</ets>, OS. & OHG.

<ets>fingar</ets>, G. <ets>finger</ets>, Icel. <ets>fingr</ets>,

Sw. & Dan. <ets>finger</ets>, Goth. <ets>figgrs</ets>; of unknown

origin; perh. akin to E. <ets>fang</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One of the five terminating members of the hand; a digit;

esp., one of the four extermities of the hand, other than the

thumb.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that does work of a finger; as, the

pointer of a clock, watch, or other registering machine;

especially <fld>(Mech.)</fld> a small projecting rod, wire, or

piece, which is brought into contact with an object to effect,

direct, or restrain a motion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The breadth of a finger, or the fourth part of

the hand; a measure of nearly an inch; also, the length of

finger, a measure in domestic use in the United States, of about

four and a half inches or one eighth of a yard.</def>



<q>A piece of steel three <qex>fingers</qex> thick.</q>

<qau>Bp. Wilkins.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Skill in the use of the fingers, as in playing

upon a musical instrument.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>She has a good <qex>finger</qex>.</q>

<qau>Busby.</qau>



<cs><col>Ear finger</col>, <cd>the little finger.</cd> --

<col>Finger alphabet</col>. <cd>See <er>Dactylology</er>.</cd> --

<col>Finger bar</col>, <cd>the horizontal bar, carrying slotted

spikes, or fingers, through which the vibratory knives of mowing

and reaping machines play.</cd> -- <col>Finger board</col>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a stringed instrument against

which the fingers press the strings to vary the tone; the

keyboard of a piano, organ, etc.; manual.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Finger</col> <col>bowl <or/ glass</col></mcol>, <cd>a

bowl or glass to hold water for rinsing the fingers at

table.</cd> -- <col>Finger flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the foxglove.</cd> -- <col>Finger grass</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of grass (<spn>Panicum

sanguinale</spn>) with slender radiating spikes; common crab

grass. See <cref>Crab grass</cref>, under <er>Crab</er>.</cd> --

<col>Finger nut</col>, <cd>a fly nut or thumb nut.</cd> --

<col>Finger plate</col>, <cd>a strip of metal, glass, etc., to

protect a painted or polished door from finger marks.</cd> --

<col>Finger post</col>, <cd>a guide post bearing an index

finger.</cd> -- <col>Finger reading</col>, <cd>reading printed in

relief so as to be sensible to the touch; -- so made for the

blind.</cd> -- <col>Finger shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a marine shell (<spn>Pholas dactylus</spn>) resembling a

finger in form.</cd> -- <col>Finger sponge</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sponge having finger-shaped lobes,

or branches.</cd> -- <col>Finger stall</col>, <cd>a cover or

shield for a finger.</cd> -- <col>Finger steel</col>, <cd>a steel

instrument for whetting a currier's knife.</cd></cs>



<cs><col>To burn one's fingers</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Burn</er>.</cd> -- <col>To have a finger in</col>, <cd>to be

concerned in.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To have at

one's fingers' ends</col></mcol>, <cd>to be thoroughly familiar

with. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fin"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fingered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fingering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To touch with

the fingers; to handle; to meddle with.</def>



<q>Let the papers lie;

You would be <qex>fingering</qex> them to anger me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To touch lightly; to toy with.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To perform on an

instrument of music.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To mark the notes of

(a piece of music) so as to guide the fingers in playing.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To take thievishly; to pilfer; to purloin.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To execute, as any delicate work.</def>



<hw>Fin"ger</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To use

the fingers in playing on an instrument.</def>



<au>Busby.</au>



<hw>Fin"gered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having fingers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having leaflets like fingers;

digitate.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Marked with figures

designating which finger should be used for each note.</def>



<hw>Fin"ger*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fingers; a pilferer.</def>



<hw>Fin"ger*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of handling or touching with the fingers.</def>



<q>The mere sight and <qex>fingering</qex> of money.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The manner of using the fingers in playing or

striking the keys of an instrument of music; movement or

management of the fingers in playing on a musical instrument, in

typewriting, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The marking of the notes of a piece of music to

guide or regulate the action or use of the fingers.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Delicate work made with the fingers.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fin"ger*ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Finger</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon. See

<er>Parr</er>.</def>



<hw>Fin"gle-fan`gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>fangle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A trifle.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fin"gri*go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fingrigos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[So called in

Jamaica.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickly, climbing shrub

of the genus <spn>Pisonia</spn>. The fruit is a kind of

berry.</def>



<hw>Fin"*i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>finire</ets> to finish, end. See <er>Finish</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The knot or bunch of foliage, or foliated

ornament, that forms the upper extremity of a pinnacle in Gothic

architecture; sometimes, the pinnacle itself.</def>



<hw>Fin"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fine</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Affectedly fine;

overnice; unduly particular; fastidious.</def>

\'bd<xex>Finical</xex> taste.\'b8



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<q>The gross style consists in giving no detail, the

<qex>finical</qex> in giving nothing else.</q>

<qau>Hazlitt.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Finical</er>, <er>Spruce</er>,

<er>Foppish</er>.</syn> <usage> These words are applied to

persons who are studiously desirous to cultivate finery of

appearance. One who is <xex>spruce</xex> is elaborately nice in

dress; one who is <xex>finical</xex> shows his affectation in

language and manner as well as in dress; one who is

<xex>foppish</xex> distinguishes himself by going to the extreme

of the fashion in the cut of his clothes, by the tawdriness of

his ornaments, and by the ostentation of his manner. \'bdA

<xex>finical</xex> gentleman clips his words and screws his body

into as small a compass as possible, to give himself the air of a

delicate person; a <xex>spruce</xex> gentleman strives not to

have a fold wrong in his frill or cravat, nor a hair of his head

to lie amiss; a <xex>foppish</xex> gentleman seeks . . . to

render himself distinguished for finery.\'b8</usage>



<au>Crabb.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fin"i*cal*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fin"i*cal*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fin`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being finical; finicalness.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fin"ick*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fin"ick*y</hw>,

<pos>a.</pos> }</mhw><def>Finical; unduly particular.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fi*nif"ic</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>finis</ets> end + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>A

limiting element or quality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The essential <qex>finific</qex> in the form of the

finite.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Fin"i*fy</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fine</ets>, <pos>a.</pos> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To make fine; to dress finically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Hath so pared and <qex>finified</qex> them [his feet.]</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Fin"i*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fine</ets>, <pos>a.</pos> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Precise in trifles; idly busy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Fin"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of imposing a fin<?/.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The process of fining or refining;

clarification; also <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, the conversion of cast

iron into suitable for puddling, in a hearth or charcoal

fire.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is used to refine; especially, a

preparation of isinglass, gelatin, etc., for clarifying

beer.</def>



<cs><col>Fining pot</col>, <cd>a vessel in which metals are

refined.</cd></cs>

<rj><au>Prov. xvii. 3.</au></rj>



<hw>\'d8Fi"nis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>An end; conclusion. It is often placed at the end of a

book.</def>



<hw>Fin"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Finished</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Finishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>finir</ets> (with

a stem <ets>finiss-</ets> in several forms, whence E.

<ets>-ish</ets>: see <ets>-ish</ets>.),fr. L. <ets>finire</ets>

to limit, finish, end, fr. <ets>finis</ets> boundary, limit, end;

perh. for <ets>fidnis</ets>, and akin <ets>findere</ets> to

cleave, E. <ets>fissure</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To arrive

at the end of; to bring to an end; to put an end to; to make an

end of; to terminate.</def>



<q>And heroically hath <qex>finished</qex>

A life heroic.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bestow the last required labor upon; to

complete; to bestow the utmost possible labor upon; to perfect;

to accomplish; to polish.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To end; terminate; close; conclude; complete;

accomplish; perfect.</syn>



<hw>Fin"ish</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come to an

end; to terminate.</def>



<q>His days may <qex>finish</qex> ere that hapless time.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To end; to die.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fin"ish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

finishes, puts an end to<?/ or perfects.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The joiner work and other

finer work required for the completion of a building, especially

of the interior. See <cref>Inside finish</cref>, and

<cref>Outside finish</cref>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The labor

required to give final completion to any work; hence, minute

detail, careful elaboration, or the like.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>See <cref>Finishing coat</cref>, under

<er>Finishing</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The result of completed labor, as on the surface

of an object; manner or style of finishing; <as>as, a rough,

dead, or glossy <ex>finish</ex> given to cloth, stone, metal,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Completion; -- opposed to <ant>start</ant>, or

<ant>beginning</ant>.</def>



<hw>Fin"ished</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Polished to

the highest degree of excellence; complete; perfect; <as>as, a

<ex>finished</ex> poem; a <ex>finished</ex> education.</as></def>



<cs><col>Finished work</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>work that is

made smooth or polished, though not necessarily

completed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fin"ish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who finishes, puts an end to, completes, or perfects;

esp. used in the trades, as in hatting, weaving, etc., for the

workman who gives a finishing touch to the work, or any part of

it, and brings it to perfection.</def>



<q>O prophet of glad tidings, <qex>finisher</qex>

Of utmost hope!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something that gives the finishing touch to, or

settles, anything.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fin"ish*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of

completing or perfecting; the final work upon or ornamentation of

a thing.</def>



<hw>Fin"ish*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to complete or

to render fit for the market or for use.</def>



<cs><col>Finishing coat</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Plastering)</fld> <cd>the final coat of plastering applied

to walls and ceilings, usually white and rubbed smooth.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <cd>The final coat of paint,

usually differently mixed applied from the others.</cd> --

<col>Finishing press</col>, <cd>a machine for pressing

fabrics.</cd> -- <col>Finishing rolls</col> <fld>(Iron

Working)</fld>, <cd>the rolls of a train which receive the bar

from roughing rolls, and reduce it to its finished

shape.</cd></cs>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Fi"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>finitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>finire</ets>. See

<er>Finish</er>, and cf. <er>Fine</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Having a limit; limited in quantity, degree, or capacity;

bounded; -- opposed to <xex>infinite</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>finite</ex> number; <ex>finite</ex> existence; a

<ex>finite</ex> being; a <ex>finite</ex> mind; <ex>finite</ex>

duration.</as></def>



<hw>Fi"nite*less</hw>, <pos>a</pos> <def>Infinite.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. browne.</au>



<hw>Fi"nite*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a finite manner or

degree.</def>



<hw>Fi"nite*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

finite.</def>



<hw>Fin"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>finire</ets>. See <er>Finish</er>.]</ety>

<def>Limitation.</def>



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<hw>Fin"land*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or

inhabitant of Finland.</def>



<hw>Fin"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>destitute of fins.</def>



<hw>Fin"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Fin</ets>

+ <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little fin; one of the parts of

a divided fin.</def>



<hw>Fin"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a

fin.</def>



<hw>Finn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A native of

Finland; one of the Finn<?/ in the ethnological sense. See

<er>Finns</er>.</def>



<hw>Fin"nan had"die</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See

<er>Haddock</er>.]</ety> <def>Haddock cured in peat smoke,

originally at Findon (pron. f\'ccn"<it>a</it>n), Scotland. the

name is also applied to other kinds of smoked haddock.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>finnan haddock</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Finned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a fin, or

fins, or anything resembling a fin.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Fin"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A finback whale.</def>



<hw>Finn"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Finns.</def>



<hw>Fin"ni*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of pigeon, with a crest

somewhat resembling the mane of a horse.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>finikin</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Finn"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Finland, to the Finns, or to their language.</def>

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A Northern Turanian group of

languages; the language of the Finns.</def></def2>



<hw>Finns</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.

<singw>Finn</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Natives of Finland; Finlanders.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

branch of the Mongolian race, inhabiting Northern and Eastern

Europe, including the Magyars, Bulgarians, Permians, Lapps, and

Finlanders.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Fins</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fin"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having, or abounding in, fins, as

fishes; pertaining to fishes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Abounding in fishes.</def>



<q>With patient angle trolls the <qex>finny</qex> deep.</q>

<qau>Goldsmoth.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fi*no"chi*o</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It. <ets>finocchio</ets> fennel, LL. <ets>fenuclum</ets>.

See <er>Fennel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An

umbelliferous plant (<spn>F\'d2niculum dulce</spn>) having a

somewhat tuberous stem; sweet fennel. The blanched stems are used

in France and Italy as a culinary vegetable.</def>



<-- p. 562 -->



<hw>\'d8Fi"nos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

pl., fr. <ets>fino</ets> fine.]</ety> <def>Second best wool from

Merino sheep.</def>



<au>Gardner.</au>



<hw>Fin"pike`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bichir. See

<er>Crossopterygii</er>.</def>



<hw>Fint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>3d pers. sing. pr.</pos> of

<er>Find</er>, for <xex>findeth</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fin"-toed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having toes connected by a membrane;

palmiped; palmated; also, lobate.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fiord</hw> <pr>(fy<?/rd; <it>i</it> or <it>y</it>

consonant, <sect/ 272)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan. & Norw.

<ets>fiord</ets>. See <er>Frith</er>.]</ety> <def>A narrow inlet

of the sea, penetrating between high banks or rocks, as on the

coasts of Norway and Alaska.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>fjord</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fi"o*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ir.

<ets>fiothran</ets> a sort of grass.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A species of creeping bent grass (<spn>Agrostis alba</spn>);

-- called also <altname>fiorin grass</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fi"o*rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A variety of opal occuring in the cavities of volcanic tufa,

in smooth and shining globular and botryoidal masses, having a

pearly luster; -- so called from <ets>Fiora</ets>, in

Ischia.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fio`ri*tu"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[It., pl. of <ets>fioritura</ets> a flowering.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Little flowers of ornament introduced into

a melody by a singer or player.</def>

<-- no pos in original. = n. -->



<hw>Fip"pen*ny bit`</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>. <ety>[Corruption of

<ets>five penny bit</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Spanish half real, or

one sixteenth of a dollar, -- so called in Pennsylvania and the

adjacent States.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ Before the act of Congress, Feb. 21, 1857, caused

the adoption of decimal coins and the withdrawal of foreign

coinage from circulation, this coin passed currently for

6<frac14/ cents, and was called in New England a <xex>fourpence

ha'penny</xex> or <xex>fourpence</xex>; in New York a

<xex>sixpence</xex>; in Pennsylvania, Virginia, etc., a

<xex>fip</xex>; and in Louisiana, a <xex>picayune</xex>.</note>



<hw>Fip"ple</hw> <pr>(f<etil/r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[perh.

fr. L. <ets>fibula</ets> a clasp, a pin; cf. Prov. E.

<ets>fible</ets> a stick used to stir pottage.]</ety> <def>A

stopper, as in a wind instrument of music.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan.

<ets>fyr</ets>, <ets>fyrr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>furu</ets>,

Icel. <ets>fura</ets>, AS. <ets>furh</ets> in <ets>furh</ets>wudu

fir wood, G. <ets>f\'94hre</ets>, OHG. <ets>forha</ets> pine,

<ets>vereh</ets>eih a sort of oak, L. <ets>quercus</ets>

<?/ak.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Abies</spn>)

of coniferous trees, often of large size and elegant shape, some

of them valued for their timber and others for their resin. The

species are distinguished as the <xex>balsam fir</xex>, the

<xex>silver fir</xex>, the <xex>red fir</xex>, etc. The

<xex>Scoth fir</xex> is a <spn>Pinus</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fir</xex> in the Bible means any one of several

coniferous trees, including, cedar, cypress, and probably three

species of pine.</note>



<au>J. D. Hooker.</au>



<hw>Fire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fir</ets>, <ets>fyr</ets>, <ets>fur</ets> AS.

<ets>f</ets><?/<ets>r</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vuur</ets>, OS. &

OHG. <ets>fiur</ets>, G. <ets>feuer</ets>, Icel.

<ets>f<?/ri</ets>, <ets>f<?/rr</ets>, Gr. <?/, and perh. to L.

<ets>purus</ets> pure, E. <ets>pure</ets> Cf. <er>Empyrean</er>,

<er>Pyre</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The evolution of light and

heat in the combustion of bodies; combustion; state of

ignition.</def>



<note><hand/ The form of <xex>fire</xex> exhibited in the

combustion of gases in an ascending stream or current is called

<xex>flame</xex>. Anciently, <xex>fire</xex>, air, earth, and

water were regarded as the four elements of which all things are

composed.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fuel in a state of combustion, as on a hearth,

or in <?/ stove or a furnace.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The burning of a house or town; a

conflagration.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything which destroys or affects like

fire.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Ardor of passion, whether love or hate;

excessive warmth; consumingviolence of temper.</def>



<q>he had <qex>fire</qex> in his temper.Atterbury.</q>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual

and moral enthusiasm; capacity for ardor and zeal.</def>



<q>And bless their critic with a poet's

<qex>fire</qex>.<qex>Pope</qex>.</q>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Splendor; brilliancy; luster; hence, a

star.</def>



<q>Stars, hide your <qex>fires</qex>.<qex>Shak</qex>.</q>



<q>As in a zodiac</q>



<q>representing the heavenly

<qex>fires</qex>.<qex>Milton</qex>.</q>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Torture by burning; severe trial or

affliction.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The discharge of firearms; firing; <as>as, the

troops were exposed to a heavy <ex>fire</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Blue fire</col>, <col>Red fire</col>, <col>Green

fire</col></mcol> <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld>, <cd>compositions of

various combustible substances, as sulphur, niter, lampblack,

etc., the flames of which are colored by various metallic salts,

as those of antimony, strontium, barium, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fire

alarm</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A signal given on the breaking out

of a fire.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An apparatus for giving such an

alarm.</cd> -- <col>Fire annihilator</col>, <cd>a machine,

device, or preparation to be kept at hand for extinguishing fire

by smothering it with some incombustible vapor or gas, as

carbonic acid.</cd> -- <col>Fire balloon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A balloon raised in the air by the buoyancy of air heated by

a fire placed in the lower part<-- = hot-air balloon --></cd>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A balloon sent up at night with fireworks which

ignite at a regulated height.</cd> <au>Simmonds.</au> --

<col>Fire bar</col>, <cd>a grate bar.</cd> -- <col>Fire

basket</col>, <cd>a portable grate; a cresset.</cd>

<au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Fire beetle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Fire blast</col>, <cd>a

disease of plants which causes them to appear as if burnt by

fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire box</col>, <cd>the chamber of a furnace,

steam boiler, etc., for the fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire brick</col>,

<cd>a refractory brick, capable of sustaining intense heat

without fusion, usually made of fire clay or of siliceous

material, with some cementing substance, and used for lining fire

boxes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fire brigade</col>, <cd>an organized

body of men for extinguished fires.</cd> -- <col>Fire

bucket</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bucket</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fire

bug</col>, <cd>an incendiary; one who, from malice or through

mania, persistently sets fire to property; a pyromaniac.</cd>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Fire clay</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Clay</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fire company</col>, <cd>a company of

men managing an engine in extinguishing fires.</cd> -- <col>Fire

cross</col>. <cd>See <er>Fiery cross</er>.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Milton.</au> -- <col>Fire

damp</col>. <cd>See under <er>Damp</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fire

dog</col>. <cd>See <er>Firedog</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<col>Fire drill</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A series of evolutions

performed by fireman for practice</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An

apparatus for producing fire by friction, by rapidly twirling a

wooden pin in a wooden socket; -- used by the Hindoos during all

historic time, and by many savage peoples.</cd> -- <col>Fire

eater</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A juggler who pretends to eat

fire.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A quarrelsome person who seeks

affrays; a hotspur.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Fire

engine</col></mcol>, <cd>a portable forcing pump, usually on

wheels, for throwing water to extinguish fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire

escape</col>, <cd>a contrivance for facilitating escape from

burning buildings.</cd> -- <col>Fire gilding</col> <fld>(Fine

Arts)</fld>, <cd>a mode of gilding with an amalgam of gold and

quicksilver, the latter metal being driven off afterward by

heat.</cd> -- <col>Fire gilt</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>,

<cd>gold laid on by the process of fire gilding.</cd> --

<col>Fire insurance</col>, <cd>the act or system of insuring

against fire; also, a contract by which an insurance company

undertakes, in consideration of the payment of a premium or small

percentage -- usually made periodically -- to indemnify an owner

of property from loss by fire during a specified period.</cd> --

<col>Fire irons</col>, <cd>utensils for a fireplace or grate, as

tongs, poker, and shovel.</cd> -- <col>Fire main</col>, <cd>a

pipe for water, to be used in putting out fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire

master</col> <sd>(Mil)</sd>, <cd>an artillery officer who

formerly supervised the composition of fireworks.</cd> --

<col>Fire office</col>, <cd>an office at which to effect

insurance against fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire opal</col>, <cd>a

variety of opal giving firelike reflections.</cd> -- <col>Fire

ordeal</col>, <cd>an ancient mode of trial, in which the test was

the ability of the accused to handle or tread upon red-hot

irons.</cd> <au>Abbot.</au> -- <col>Fire pan</col>, <cd>a pan for

holding or conveying fire, especially the receptacle for the

priming of a gun.</cd> -- <col>Fire plug</col>, <cd>a plug or

hydrant for drawing water from the main pipes in a street,

building, etc., for extinguishing fires.</cd> -- <col>Fire

policy</col>, <cd>the writing or instrument expressing the

contract of insurance against loss by fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire

pot</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>A small earthen pot

filled with combustibles, formerly used as a missile in war.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The cast iron vessel which holds the fuel or

fire in a furnace.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A crucible.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>A solderer's furnace.</cd> -- <col>Fire

raft</col>, <cd>a raft laden with combustibles, used for setting

fire to an enemy's ships.</cd> -- <col>Fire roll</col>, <cd>a

peculiar beat of the drum to summon men to their quarters in case

of fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire setting</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>,

<cd>the process of softening or cracking the working face of a

lode, to facilitate excavation, by exposing it to the action of

fire; -- now generally superseded by the use of explosives.</cd>

<au>Raymond.</au> -- <col>Fire ship</col>, <cd>a vessel filled

with combustibles, for setting fire to an enemy's ships.</cd> --

<col>Fire shovel</col>, <cd>a shovel for taking up coals of

fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire stink</col>, <cd>the stench from

decomposing iron pyrites, caused by the formation of sulphureted

hydrogen.</cd> <au>Raymond.</au> -- <col>Fire surface</col>,

<cd>the surfaces of a steam boiler which are exposed to the

direct heat of the fuel and the products of combustion; heating

surface.</cd> -- <col>Fire swab</col>, <cd>a swab saturated with

water, for cooling a gun in action and clearing away particles of

powder, etc.</cd> <au>Farrow.</au> -- <col>Fire teaser</col>,

<cd>in England, the fireman of a steam emgine.</cd> -- <col>Fire

water</col>, <cd>ardent spirits; -- so called by the American

Indians.</cd> -- <col>Fire worship</col>, <cd>the worship of

fire, which prevails chiefly in Persia, among the followers of

Zoroaster, called <xex>Chebers<xex>, or <xex>Guebers<xex>, and

among the Parsees of India.</cd> -- <col>Greek fire</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Greek</er>.</cd> -- <col>On fire</col>,

<cd>burning; hence, ardent; passionate; eager; zealous.</cd> --

<col>Running fire</col>, <cd>the rapid discharge of firearms in

succession by a line of troops.</cd> -- <col>St. Anthony's

fire</col>, <cd>erysipelas; -- an eruptive fever which St.

Anthony was supposed to cure miraculously.</cd> <au>Hoblyn.</au> 

-- <col>St. Elmo's fire</col>. <cd>See under <er>Saint

Elmo</er>.</cd> -- <col>To set on fire</col>, <cd>to inflame; to

kindle.</cd> -- <col>To take fire</col>, <cd>to begin to burn; to

fly into a passion.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fired</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fring</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To set on fire; to kindle; <as>as, to

<ex>fire</ex> a house or chimney; to <ex>fire</ex> a

pile.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subject to intense heat; to bake; to burn in

a kiln; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> pottery</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To inflame; to irritate, as the passions;

<as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> the soul with anger, pride, or

revenge</as>.</def>



<q>Love had <qex>fired</qex> my mind.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To animate; to give life or spirit to; <as>as,

to <ex>fire</ex> the genius of a young man</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To feed or serve the fire of; <as>as, to

<ex>fire</ex> a boiler</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To light up as if by fire; to illuminate.</def>



<q>[The sun] <qex>fires</qex> the proud tops of the eastern

pines.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To cause to explode; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> a

torpedo; to disharge; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> a musket or

cannon</as>; to <ex>fire</ex> cannon balls, rockets,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To drive by fire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Till my bad angel <qex>fire</qex> my good one out.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>To cauterize.</def>



<cs><col>To fire up</col>, <cd>to light up the fires of, as of an

engine.</cd></cs><-- figuratively, to start up any machine -->



<hw>Fire</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take fire; to

be kindled; to kindle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be irritated or inflamed with passion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To discharge artillery or firearms; <as>as, they

<ex>fired</ex> on the town</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To fire up</col>, <cd>to grow irritated or angry. \'bdHe

. . . <xex>fired up<xex>, and stood vigorously on his

defense.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Fire"arm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gun,

pistol, or any weapon from a shot is discharged by the force of

an explosive substance, as gunpowder.</def>



<hw>Fire"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of pheasants of

the genus <spn>Euplocamus</spn>, having the lower back a bright,

fiery red. They inhabit Southern Asia and the East Indies.</def>



<hw>Fire"ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A ball filled with powder or other

combustibles, intended to be thrown among enemies, and to injure

by explosion; also, to set fire to their works and light them up,

so that movements may be seen.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A luminous

meteor, resembling a ball of fire passing rapidly through the

air, and sometimes exploding.</def><-- large mass of fire caused

by a large explosion, as of inflammable liquids or a nuclear

explosion  -->



<hw>Fire"bare`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

beacon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Fire" bee`tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

very brilliantly luminous beetle (<spn>Pyrophorus

noctilucus</spn>), one of the elaters, found in Central and South

America; -- called also <altname>cucujo</altname>.  The name is

also applied to other species. See <er>Firefly</er>.</def>



<hw>Fire"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Baltimore oriole.</def>



<hw>Fire"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chimney

board or screen to close a fireplace when not in use.</def>



<hw>Fire"bote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>An allowance of fuel. See

<er>Bote</er>.</def>



<hw>Fire"brand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A piece of burning wood.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who inflames factions, or causes contention

and mischief; an incendiary.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fire"crack`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cracker</er>., <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<hw>Fire"crest`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European kinglet (<spn>Regulus

ignicapillus</spn>), having a bright red crest; -- called also

<altname>fire-crested wren</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fire"dog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A support for

wood in a fireplace; an andiron.</def>



<hw>Fire"drake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f<?/rdraca</ets>; <ets>f<?/r</ets> fire + <ets>draca</ets> a

dragon. See <er>Fire</er>, and <er>Drake</er> a dragon.]</ety>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fiery dragon.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fiery meteor; an ignis fatuus; a rocket.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A worker at a furnace or fire.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Fire"-fanged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fire</ets> + <ets>fanged</ets> seized.]</ety>

<def>Injured as by fire; burned; -- said of manure which has lost

its goodness and acquired an ashy hue in consequence of heat

generated by decomposition.</def>



<hw>Fire"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singular marine fish of the genus

<spn>Pterois</spn>, family <spn>Scorp\'91nid\'91</spn>, of

several species, inhabiting the Indo-Pacific region. They are

usually red, and have very large spinose pectoral and dorsal

fins.</def>



<hw>Fire"flaire`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fire</ets> + Prov. E. <ets>flaire</ets> a ray.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European sting ray of the genus

<spn>Trygon</spn> (<spn>T. pastinaca</spn>); -- called also

<altname>fireflare</altname> and <altname>fiery

flaw</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fire"flame`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European band fish (<spn>Cepola

rubescens</spn>).</def>



<hw>Fire"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fireflies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Any luminous winged insect, esp. luminous beetles of the

family <spn>Lampyrid\'91</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ The common American species belong to the genera

<spn>Photinus</spn> and <spn>Photuris</spn>, in which both sexes

are winged. The name is also applied to luminous species of

<spn>Elaterid\'91</spn>. See <er>Fire beetle</er>.</note>



<hw>Fire"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of fire.</def>



<hw>Fire"lock`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An old form of gunlock,

as the flintlock, which ignites the priming by a spark; perhaps

originally, a matchlock. Hence, a gun having such a lock.</def>



<hw>Fire"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Firemen</plw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>n)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A man whose business is to extinguish fires in towns; a

member of a fire company.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man who tends the fires, as of a steam engine;

a stocker.</def>



<hw>Fire"-new`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fresh from

the forge; bright; quite new; brand-new.</def>



<au>Charles reade.</au>



<q>Your <qex>fire-new</qex> stamp of honor is scarce current.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fire"place`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The part a

chimney appropriated to the fire; a hearth; -- usually an open

recess in a wall, in which a fire may be built.</def>



<hw>Fire"proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Proof

against fire; incombustible.</def>



<hw>Fire"prrof`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or process of rendering anything incombustible; also, the

materials used in the process.</def>



<hw>Fir"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who fires or

sets fire to anything; an incendiary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>R. Carew.</au>



<hw>Fire"-set`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A set of

fire irons, including, commonly, tongs, shovel, and poker.</def>



<hw>Fire"side`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place near

the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.</def>



<hw>Fire"stone`</hw> <pr>(?; 110)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f<?/rst\'ben</ets> flint; <ets>f<?/r</ets> fire +

<ets>st\'ben</ets> stone.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Iron pyrites,

formerly used for striking fire; also, a flint.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stone which will bear the heat of a furnace

without injury; -- especially applied to the sandstone at the top

of the upper greensand in the south of England, used for lining

kilns and furnaces.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Fire"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European redstart; -- called also

<altname>fireflirt</altname>.</def> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Fire"ward`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An officer

who has authority to direct in the extinguishing of fires, or to

order what precautions shall be taken against fires; -- called

also <altname>fireward</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fire"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American plant (<spn>Erechthites

hiercifolia</spn>), very troublesome in spots where brushwood has

been burned.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The great willow-herb

(<spn>Epilobium spicatum</spn>).</def>



<hw>Fire"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Wood for

fuel.</def>



<hw>Fire"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A device for producing a striking display of light, or a

figure or figures in plain or colored fire, by the combustion of

materials that burn in some peculiar manner, as gunpowder,

sulphur, metallic filings, and various salts. The most common

feature of fireworks is a paper or pasteboard tube filled with

the combustible material. A number of these tubes or cases are

often combined so as to make, when kindled, a great variety of

figures in fire, often variously colored. The skyrocket is a

common form of <xex>firework</xex>. The name is also given to

various combustible preparations used in war.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A pyrotechnic exhibition.</def>

<mark>[Obs. in the sing.]</mark>



<q>Night before last, the Duke of Richmond gave a

<qex>firework</qex>.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<hw>Fire"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of a small tortricid moth

which eats the leaves of the cranberry, so that the vines look as

if burned; -- called also <altname>cranberry

worm</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fir"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

disharging firearms.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The mode of introducing fuel into the furnace

and working it.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The application of fire, or of a cautery.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The process of partly vitrifying pottery by

exposing it to intense heat in a kiln.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fuel; firewood or coal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<cs><col>Firing iron</col>, <cd>an instrument used in

cauterizing.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 563 -->



<hw>Firk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>ferken</ets> to proceed, hasten, AS. <ets>fercian</ets> to

bring, assist; perh. akin to <ets>faran</ets> to go, E.

<ets>fare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To beat; to strike; to

chastise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I'll fer him, and <qex>firk</qex> him, and ferret him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Firk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fly out; to turn out; to

go off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A wench is a rare bait, with which a man</q>



<q>No sooner's taken but he straight <qex>firks</qex>

mad.B.Jonson.</q>



<hw>Firk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A freak; trick; quirk.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ford.</au>



<hw>Fir"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From AS.

<ets>fe\'a2wer</ets> four (or an allied word, perh. Dutch or

Danish) + <ets>-kin</ets>. See <er>Four</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A varying measure of capacity, usually being the fourth part

of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial

gallons.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate

size, -- used for butter, lard, etc.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Fir"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot., the

fourth part of a boll of grain, from a word equiv. to E.

<ets>four + lot</ets> part, portion. See <er>Firkin</er>.]</ety>

<def>A dry measure formerly used in Scotland; the fourth part of

a boll of grain or meal. The Linlithgow wheat firlot was to the

imperial bushel as 998 to 1000; the barley firlot as 1456 to

1000.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Firm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Firmer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Firmest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ferme</ets>, F. <ets>ferme</ets>, fr.L. <ets>firmus</ets>;

cf. Skr. <ets>dharman</ets> support, law, order, <ets>dh<?/</ets>

to hold fast, carry. Cf. <er>Farm</er>, <er>Throne</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fixed; hence, closely compressed; compact;

substantial; hard; solid; -- applied to the matter of bodies;

<as>as, <ex>firm</ex> flesh; <ex>firm</ex> muscles, <ex>firm</ex>

wood.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not easily excited or disturbed; unchanging in

purpose; fixed; steady; constant; stable; unshaken; not easily

changed in feelings or will; strong; <as>as, a <ex>firm</ex>

believer; a <ex>firm</ex> friend; a <ex>firm</ex>

adherent.</as></def>



<q>Under spread ensigns, moving nigh, in slow

But <qex>firm</qex> battalion.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>By one man's <qex>firm</qex> obediency fully tried.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Solid; -- opposed to <xex>fluid</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>firm</ex> land</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Indicating firmness; <as>as, a <ex>firm</ex>

tread; a <ex>firm</ex> countenance.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Compact; dense; hard; solid; stanch; robust; strong;

sturdly; fixed; steady; resolute; constant.</syn>



<hw>Firm</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>firma</ets> the

(firm, sure, or confirming) signature or subscription, or Pg.

<ets>firma</ets> signature, firm, cf. Sp. <ets>firma</ets>

signature; all fr. L. <ets>firmus</ets>, adj., firm. See

<er>Firm</er>, <ets>a</ets>]</ety> <def>The name, title, or

style, under which a company transacts business; a partnership of

two or more persons; a commercial house; <as>as, the

<ex>firm</ex> of Hope & Co</as>.</def>



<hw>Firm</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fermen</ets> to

make firm, F. <ets>fermer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>firmare</ets> to

make firm. See <er>Firm</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To fix; to settle; to confirm; to establish.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And Jove has <qex>firmed</qex> it with an awful nod.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fix or direct with firmness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He on his card and compass <qex>firms</qex> his eye.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fir"ma*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>firmamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>firmare</ets> to make firm: cf.

F. <ets>firmament</ets>. See <er>Firm</er>, <ets>v</ets>. &

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fixed foundation;

established basis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Custom is the . . . <qex>firmament</qex> of the law.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The region of the air; the sky or heavens.</def>



<q>And God said, Let there be a <qex>firmament</qex> in the

mi<?/st of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the

waters.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 6.</qau>



<q>And God said, Let there be lights in the

<qex>firmament</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 14.</qau>



<note><hand/ In Scripture, the word denotes an expanse, a wide

extent; the great arch or expanse over out heads, in which are

placed the atmosphere and the clouds, and in which the stars

<xex>appear</xex> to be placed, and are <xex>really</xex>

seen.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Old Astron.)</fld> <def>The orb of the fixed

stars; the most rmote of the celestial spheres.</def>



<hw>Fir`ma*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the firmament; celestial; being of the upper

regions.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fir"man</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Firmans</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <xex>or</xex> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[Pers. <ets>ferm\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>In Turkey and some

other Oriental countries, a decree or mandate issued by the

sovereign; a royal order or grant; -- generally given for special

objects, as to a traveler to insure him protection and

assistance.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>firmaun</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Firm"er-chis"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

chisel, thin in proportion to its width. It has a tang to enter

the handle instead of a socket for receiving it.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Firm"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>firmitudo</ets>. See <er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <def>Strength;

stability.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Firm"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>firmitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strength; firmness;

stability.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chillingworth.</au>



<hw>Firm"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Detached from

substance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Does passion still the <qex>firmless</qex> mind control?</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Infirm; unstable.</def> \'bd<xex>Firmless</xex>

sands.\'b8



<au>Sylvester.</au>



<hw>Firm"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a firm manner.</def>



<hw>Firm"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being firm.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Firmness</er>, <er>Constancy</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Firmness</xex> belongs to the will, and <xex>constancy</xex>

to the affections and principles; the former prevents us from

yielding, and the latter from fluctuating. Without

<xex>firmness</xex> a man has no character; \'bdwithout

<xex>constancy</xex>,\'b8 says Addison, \'bdthere is neither

love, friendship, nor virtue in the world.\'b8</usage>



<hw>Firms</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Firm</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The

principal rafters of a roof, especially a pair of rafters taken

together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fir"ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Furring</er>.</def>



<hw>Fir"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of fir;

abounding in firs.</def>



<q>In <qex>firry</qex> woodlands making moan.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>First</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>first</ets>, <ets>furst</ets>, AS. <ets>fyrst</ets>; akin to

Icel. <ets>fyrstr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>f\'94rste</ets>, OHG.

<ets>furist</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81rst</ets> prince; a superlatiye

form of E. <ets>for</ets>, <ets>fore</ets>. See <er>For</er>,

<er>Fore</er>, and cf. <er>Formeer</er>,

<er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Preceding all others

of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest; <as>as, the

<ex>first</ex> day of a month; the <ex>first</ex> year of a

reign.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Foremost; in front of, or in advance of, all

others.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief;

highest; <as>as, Demosthenes was the <ex>first</ex> orator of

Greece</as>.</def>



<cs><col>At first blush</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blush</er>.</cd>

-- <col>At first hand</col>, <cd>from the first or original

source; without the intervention of any agent.</cd>



<q>It is the intention of the person to reveal it <qex>at first

hand</qex>, by way of mouth, to yourself.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



-- <col>First coat</col> <fld>(Plastering)</fld>, <cd>the solid

foundation of coarse stuff, on which the rest is placed; it is

thick, and crossed with lines, so as to give a bond for the next

coat.</cd> -- <col>First day</col>, <cd>Sunday; -- so called by

the Friends.</cd> -- <col>First floor</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The

ground floor.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The floor

next above the ground floor.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> --

<mcol><col>First</col> <col>fruit <or/ fruits</col></mcol>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The fruits of the season earliest gathered.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <cd>One year's profits of

lands belonging to the king on the death of a tenant who held

directly from him.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld>

<cd>The first year's whole profits of a benefice or spiritual

living.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>The earliest effects or

results.</cd>



<q>See, Father, what <qex>first fruits</qex> on earth are sprung

From thy implanted grace in man!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



-- <col>First mate</col>, <cd>an officer in a merchant vessel

next in rank to the captain.</cd> -- <col>First name</col>,

<cd>same as <xex>Christian name<xex>. See under <er>Name</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>First officer</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in the merchant service, same as

<xex>First mate<xex> (above).</cd> -- <col>First sergeant</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the ranking non-commissioned officer in a

company; the orderly sergeant.</cd> <au>Farrow.</au> --

<col>First watch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the watch from

eight to twelve at midnight; also, the men on duty during that

time.</cd> -- <col>First water</col>, <cd>the highest quality or

purest luster; -- said of gems, especially of diamond and

pearls.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Primary; primordial; primitive; primeval; pristine;

highest; chief; principal; foremost.</syn>



<hw>First</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Before any

other person or thing in time, space, rank, etc.; -- much used in

composition with adjectives and participles.</def>



<q>Adam was <qex>first</qex> formed, then Eve.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. ii. 13.</qau>



<cs> <mcol><col>At first</col>, <col>At the first</col></mcol>,

<cd>at the beginning or origin.</cd> -- <col>First or last</col>,

<cd>at one time or another; at the beginning or end.</cd></cs>



<q>And all are fools and lovers <qex>first or last</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>First</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The upper

part of a duet, trio, etc., either vocal or instrumental; -- so

called because it generally expresses the air, and has a

pre\'89minence in the combined effect.</def>



<hw>First"born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>First

brought forth; first in the order of nativity; eldest; hence,

most excellent; most distinguished or exalted.</def>



<hw>First"-class`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

best class; of the highest rank; in the first division; of the

best quality; first-rate; <as>as, a <ex>first-class</ex>

telescope</as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>First-class car</col> <or/ <col>First-class

railway carriage</col></mcol>, <cd>any passenger car of the

highest regular class, and intended for passengers who pay the

highest regular rate; -- distinguished from a <xex>second-class

car<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>First"-hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Obtained

directly from the first or original source; hence, without the

intervention of an agent.</def>



<q>One sphere there is . . . where the apprehension of him is

<qex>first-hand</qex> and direct; and that is the sphere of our

own mind.</q>

<qau>J. Martineau.</qau>



<hw>First"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>First</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The first produce or offspring; -- said of animals,

especially domestic animals; <as>as, the <ex>firstlings</ex> of

his flock</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing first thought or done.</def>



<q>The very <qex>firstlings</qex> of my heart shall be

The <qex>firstlings</qex> of my hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>First"ling</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Firstborn.</def>



<q>All the <qex>firstling</qex> males.</q>

<qau>Deut. xv. 19.</qau>



<hw>First"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the first place;

before anything else; -- sometimes improperly used for

<xex>first</xex>.</def>



<hw>First"-rate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

highest excellence; pre\'89minent in quality, size, or

estimation.</def>



<q>Our only <qex>first-rate</qex> body of contemporary poetry is

the German.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<q>Hermocrates . . . a man of <qex>first-rate</qex> ability.</q>

<qau>Jowett (Thucyd).</qau>



<hw>First"-rate`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

war vessel of the highest grade or the most powerful class.</def>



<hw>Firth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot. See

<er>Frith</er>.]</ety> <fld>(geog.)</fld> <def>An arm of the sea;

a frith.</def>



<hw>Fir" tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>. See <er>Fir</er>.</def>



<hw>Fisc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fisc</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fiscus</ets> basket, money basket,

treasury; prob. akin to <ets>fascis</ets> bundle. See

<er>Fasces</er>.]</ety> <def>A public or state treasury.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Fis"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fiscal</ets>, L. <ets>fiscalis</ets>, fr. <ets>fiscus</ets>.

See <er>Fisc</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the public treasury

or revenue.</def>



<q>The <qex>fiscal</qex> arreangements of government.</q>

<qau>A\'3eHamilton.</qau>



<hw>Fis"cal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The income of a

prince or a state; revenue; exhequer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A treasurer.</def>



<au>H. Swinburne.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in

petty criminal cases; -- called also <altname>procurator

fiscal</altname>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the

attorney-general.</def>



<hw>Fi*set"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to fustet or fisetin.</def>



<hw>Fis"e*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>fisett</ets>holz a species of fustic.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance extracted

from fustet, and regarded as its essential coloring principle; --

called also <altname>fisetic acid</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fiche</ets> peg, mark, fr. <ets>fisher</ets> to fix.]</ety>

<def>A counter, used in various games.</def>



<hw>Fish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fishes</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <xex>or collectively</xex>, <plw>Fish</plw></plu>.

<ety>[OE. <ets>fisch</ets>, <ets>fisc</ets>, <ets>fis</ets>, AS.

<ets>fisc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>visch</ets>, OS. & OHG.

<ets>fisk</ets>, G. <ets>fisch</ets>, Icel. <ets>fiskr</ets>, Sw.

& Dan. <ets>fisk</ets>, Goth. <ets>fisks</ets>, L.

<ets>piscis</ets>, Ir. <ets>iasg</ets>. Cf. <er>Piscatorial</er>.

In some cases, such as <ets>fish</ets> joint, <ets>fish</ets>

plate, this word has prob. been confused with <ets>fish</ets>,

fr. F. <ets>fiche</ets>a peg.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A name

loosely applied in popular usage to many animals of diverse

characteristics, living in the water.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An oviparous, vertebrate

animal usually having fins and a covering scales or plates. It

breathes by means of gills, and lives almost entirely in the

water. See <er>Pisces</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The true fishes include the Teleostei (bony fishes),

Ganoidei, Dipnoi, and Elasmobranchii or Selachians (sharks and

skates). Formerly the leptocardia and Marsipobranciata were also

included, but these are now generally regarded as two distinct

classes, below the fishes.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The twelfth sign of the zodiac;

Pisces.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The flesh of fish, used as food.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A purchase used

to fish the anchor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of timber,

somewhat in the form of a fish, used to strengthen a mast or

yard.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fish</xex> is used adjectively or as part of a

compound word; as, <xex>fish</xex> line, <xex>fish</xex> pole,

<xex>fish</xex> spear, <xex>fish</xex>-bellied.</note>



<cs><col>Age of Fishes</col>. <cd>See under <er>Age</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 8.</cd> -- <col>Fish ball</col>, <cd>fish (usually

salted codfish) shared fine, mixed with mashed potato, and made

into the form of a small, round cake.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> --

<col>Fish bar</col>. <cd>Same as <xex>Fish plate<xex>

(below).</cd> -- <col>Fish beam</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a

beam one of whose sides (commonly the under one) swells out like

the belly of a fish.</cd> <au>Francis.</au> -- <col>Fish

crow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of crow

(<spn>Corvus ossifragus</spn>), found on the Atlantic coast of

the United States. It feeds largely on fish.</cd> -- <col>Fish

culture</col>, <cd>the artifical breeding and rearing of fish;

pisciculture.</cd> -- <col>Fish davit</col>. <cd>See

<er>Davit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fish day</col>, <cd>a day on which

fish is eaten; a fast day.</cd> -- <col>Fish duck</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of merganser.</cd> --

<col>Fish fall</col>, <cd>the tackle depending from the fish

davit, used in hauling up the anchor to the gunwale of a

ship.</cd> -- <col>Fish garth</col>, <cd>a dam or weir in a river

for keeping fish or taking them easily.</cd> -- <col>Fish

glue</col>. <cd>See <er>Isinglass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fish

joint</col>, <cd>a joint formed by a plate or pair of plates

fastened upon two meeting beams, plates, etc., at their junction;

-- used largely in connecting the rails of railroads.</cd> --

<col>Fish kettle</col>, <cd>a long kettle for boiling fish

whole.</cd> -- <col>Fish ladder</col>, <cd>a dam with a series of

steps which fish can leap in order to ascend falls in a

river.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fish line</col>, <or/ <col>Fishing

line</col></mcol>, <cd>a line made of twisted hair, silk, etc.,

used in angling.</cd> -- <col>Fish louse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any crustacean parasitic on fishes,

esp. the parasitic Copepoda, belonging to <spn>Caligus</spn>,

<spn>Argulus</spn>, and other related genera. See

<er>Branchiura</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fish maw</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the stomach of a fish; also, the air

bladder, or sound.</cd> -- <col>Fish meal</col>, <cd>fish

desiccated and ground fine, for use in soups, etc.</cd> --

<col>Fish oil</col>, <cd>oil obtained from the bodies of fish and

marine animals, as whales, seals, sharks, from cods' livers,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Fish owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

fish-eating owl of the Old World genera <spn>Scotopelia</spn> and

<spn>Ketupa</spn>, esp. a large East Indian species (<spn>K.

Ceylonensis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Fish plate</col>, <cd>one of the

plates of a fish joint.</cd> -- <col>Fish pot</col>, <cd>a wicker

basket, sunk, with a float attached, for catching crabs,

lobsters, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fish pound</col>, <cd>a net attached

to stakes, for entrapping and catching fish; a weir.

<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark></cd> <au>Bartlett.</au> -- <col>Fish

slice</col>, <cd>a broad knife for dividing fish at table; a fish

trowel.</cd> -- <col>Fish slide</col>, <cd>an inclined box set in

a stream at a small fall, or ripple, to catch fish descending the

current.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Fish sound</col>, <cd>the

air bladder of certain fishes, esp. those that are dried and used

as food, or in the arts, as for the preparation of

isinglass.</cd> -- <col>Fish story</col>, <cd>a story which taxes

credulity; an extravagant or incredible narration. <mark>[Colloq.

U.S.]</mark></cd> <au>Bartlett.</au>  -- <col>Fish

strainer</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A metal colander, with handles,

for taking fish from a boiler.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A perforated

earthenware slab at the bottom of a dish, to drain the water from

a boiled fish.</cd> -- <col>Fish trowel</col>, <cd>a fish

slice.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fish</col> <col>weir <or/

wear</col></mcol>, <cd>a weir set in a stream, for catching

fish.</cd> -- <col>Neither fish nor flesh</col>

(<mark>Fig<mark>.), <cd>neither one thing nor the

other.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fished</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fishing</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in

taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing a net.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to

seek to draw forth; <as>as, to <ex>fish</ex> for

compliments</as>.</def>



<q>Any other <qex>fishing</qex> question.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Fish</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fischen</ets>,

<ets>fisken</ets>, <ets>fissen</ets>, AS. <ets>fiscian</ets>;

akin to G. <ets>fischen</ets>, OHG. <ets>fisc<?/n</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fisk<?/n</ets>. See <er>Fish</er> the animal.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To catch; to draw out or up; <as>as, to

<ex>fish</ex> up an anchor</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To search by raking or sweeping.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To try with a fishing rod; to catch fish in;

<as>as, to <ex>fish</ex> a stream</as>.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To strengthen (a beam, mast, etc.), or unite end

to end (two timbers, railroad rails, etc.) by bolting a plank,

timber, or plate to the beam, mast, or timbers, lengthwise on one

or both sides. See <cref>Fish joint</cref>, under <er>Fish</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<cs><col>To fish the anchor</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Anchor</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fish"-bel`lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bellying

or swelling out on the under side; <as>as, a

<ex>fish-bellied</ex> rail</as>.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Fish"-block`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fish-tackle</er>.</def>



<hw>Fish"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fiscere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who fishes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous animal of

the Weasel family (<spn>Mustela Canadensis</spn>); the pekan; the

\'bdblack cat.\'b8</def>



<hw>Fish"er*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fishermen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

whose occupation is to catch fish.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A ship or vessel employed in

the business of taking fish, as in the cod fishery.</def>



<hw>Fish"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fisheries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

business or practice of catching fish; fishing.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place for catching fish.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The right to take fish at a

certain place, or in particular waters.</def>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<hw>Fish"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding with

fish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdMy <xex>fishful</xex> pond.\'b8



<au>R. Carew.</au>



<hw>Fish"gig`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A spear with

barbed prongs used for harpooning fish.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Fish"hawk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The osprey (<spn>Pandion

halia\'89tus</spn>), found both in Europe and America; -- so

called because it plunges into the water and seizes fishes in its

talons. Called also <altname>fishing eagle</altname>, and

<altname>bald buzzard</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fish"hook`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A hook for catching fish.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A hook with a pendant, to the

end of which the fish-tackle is hooked.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>Fish"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To change

to fish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fish"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being fishy or fishlike.</def>



<au>Pennant.</au>



<hw>Fish"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act,

practice, or art of one who fishes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fishery.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fish"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Fishing</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to fishing; used in fishery;

engaged in fishing; <as>as, <ex>fishing</ex> boat;

<ex>fishing</ex> tackle; <ex>fishing</ex> village.</as></def>



<cs><col>Fishing fly</col>, <cd>an artificial fly for

fishing.</cd> -- <col>Fishing line</col>, <cd>a line used in

catching fish.</cd> -- <col>Fishing net</col>, <cd>a net of

various kinds for catching fish; including the bag net, casting

net, drag net, landing net, seine, shrimping net, trawl,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Fishing rod</col>, <cd>a long slender rod, to

which is attached the line for angling.</cd> -- <col>Fishing

smack</col>, <cd>a sloop or other small vessel used in sea

fishing.</cd> -- <col>Fishing tackle</col>, <cd>apparatus used in

fishing, as hook, line, rod, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fishing tube</col>

<fld>(Micros.)</fld>, <cd>a glass tube for selecting a

microscopic object in a fluid.</cd><-- fishing expedition

(metaphorical usage). an investigation searching for evidence of

wrongdoing, without specifying in advance the wrongdoing to be

proven, and often with no evidence of such wrongdoing available

at the outset of the investigation --></cs>



<-- p. 564 -->



<hw>Fish"like</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like fish;

suggestive of fish; having some of the qualities of fish.</def>



<q>A very ancient and <qex>fishlike</qex> smell.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fish"mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dealer

in fish.</def>



<hw>Fish"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The skin of a fish (dog fish, shark, etc.)</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ichthyosis</er>.</def>



<hw>Fish"-tac`kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tackle

or purchase used to raise the flukes of the anchor up to the

gunwale. The block used is called the

<xex>fish-block</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fish"-tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like the of

a fish; acting, or producing something, like the tail of a

fish.</def>



<cs><col>Fish-tail burner</col>, <cd>a gas burner that gives a

spreading flame shaped somewhat like the tail of a fish.</cd> --

<col>Fish-tail propeller</col> <fld>(Steamship)</fld>, <cd>a

propeller with a single blade that oscillates like the tail of a

fish when swimming.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fish"wife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fishwoman.</def>



<hw>Fish"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fishwomen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman who

retails fish.</def>



<hw>Fish"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Consisting of fish; fishlike; having the qualities or taste

of fish; abounding in fish.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Extravagant, like some stories about catching

fish; improbable; also, rank or foul.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<--3. creating suspicion that the surface appearances are

misleading -->



<hw>Fisk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.

<ets>fjeska</ets> to bustle about.]</ety> <def>To run about; to

frisk; to whisk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He <qex>fisks</qex> abroad, and stirreth up erroneous

opinions.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Fis`si*gem*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to split) + E.

<ets>gemmation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A process of

reproduction intermediate between fission and gemmation.</def>



<hw>Fis"sile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fissilis</ets>, fr. <ets>fissus</ets>, p.p. of

<ets>findere</ets> to split. See <er>Fissure</er>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of being split, cleft, or divided in the direction

of the grain, like wood, or along natural planes of cleavage,

like crystals.</def>



<q>This crystal is a pellucid, <xex>fissile</xex> stone.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<hw>Fis`si*lin"gual</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to split) + E.

<ets>lingual</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the

tongue forked.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fis`si*lin"gui*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. o f <ets>findere</ets>

to split) + <ets>lingua</ets> tongue.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Lacertilia having the

tongue forked, including the common lizards.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Fissilingues</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fis*sil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of

being fissile.</def>



<hw>Fis"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fissio</ets>. See <er>Fissure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A cleaving, splitting, or breaking up into parts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A method of asexual

reproduction among the lowest (unicellular) organisms by means of

a process of self-division, consisting of gradual division or

cleavage of the into two parts, each of which then becomes a

separate and independent organisms; as when a cell in an animal

or plant, or its germ, undergoes a spontaneous division, and the

parts again subdivide. See <er>Segmentation</er>, and <xex>Cell

division</xex>, under <er>Division</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A process by which certain

coral polyps, echinoderms, annelids, etc., spontaneously

subdivide, each individual thus forming two or more new ones. See

<er>Strobilation</er>.</def>



<hw>Fis`si*pal"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to split) +

<ets>palma</ets> palm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Semipalmate and loboped, as a grebe's foot. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Aves</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fis*sip"a*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Fissiparous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Animals which reproduce by fission.</def>



<hw>Fis*sip"a*rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fissiparous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction

by spontaneous fission.</def>



<hw>Fis`si*par"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Quality of being fissiparous;

fissiparism.</def>



<hw>Fis*sip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to split) +

<ets>parere</ets> to bring forth: cf. F.

<ets>fissipare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproducing

by spontaneous fission. See <er>Fission</er>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fis*sip"a*rous*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fis`si*pa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction by fission;

fissiparism.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fis"si*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fis*sip"e*dal</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fissip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having

the toes separated to the base. [See <er>Aves</er>.]</def>



<hw>Fis"si*ped</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of the Fissipedia.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fis`si*pe"di*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets>

to cleave) + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Carnivora, including

the dogs, cats, and bears, in which the feet are not webbed; --

opposed to <xex>Pinnipedia</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fis`si*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fissirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having

the bill cleft beyond the horny part, as in the case of swallows

and goatsuckers.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fis`si*ros"tres</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets>

to cleave) + <ets>rostrum</ets> beak.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds having the bill

deeply cleft.</def>



<hw>Fis"sur*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to a fissure or fissures; <as>as, the <ex>fissural</ex> pattern

of a brain</as>.</def>



<hw>Fis`su*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The act of dividing or opening; the state

of being fissured.</def>



<hw>Fis"sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fissura</ets>, fr. <ets>findere</ets>, <ets>fissum</ets>, to

cleave, split; akin to E. <ets>bite</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fissure</ets>.]</ety> <def>A narrow opening, made by the

parting of any substance; a cleft; <as>as, the <ex>fissure</ex>

of a rock</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Cerebral fissures</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the

furrows or clefts by which the surface of the cerebrum is

divided; esp., the furrows first formed by the infolding of the

whole wall of the cerebrum.</cd> -- <col>Fissure needle</col>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a spiral needle for catching together the

gaping lips of wounds.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Fissure of

rolando</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the furrow separating the

frontal from the parietal lobe in the cerebrum.</cd> --

<col>Fissure of Sylvius</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a deep

cerebral fissure separating the frontal from the temporal lobe.

See <xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Brain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fissure

vein</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a crack in the earth's

surface filled with mineral matter.</cd> <au>Raymond.</au></cs>



<hw>Fis"sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cleave;

to divide; to crack or fracture.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fis`su*rel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

dim. of L. <ets>fissura</ets> a fissure.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine gastropod mollusks,

having a conical or limpetlike shell, with an opening at the

apex; -- called also <altname>keyhole limpet</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fist</ets>, <ets>fust</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/st</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>vuist</ets>, OHG. <ets>f<?/st</ets>, G. <ets>faust</ets>,

and prob. to L. <ets>pugnus</ets>, Gr. <?/ fist, <?/ with the

fist. Cf. <er>Pugnacious</er>, <er>Pigmy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The hand with the fingers doubled into the palm; the closed

hand, especially as clinched tightly for the purpose of striking

a blow.</def>



<q>Who grasp the earth and heaven with my <qex>fist</qex>.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The talons of a bird of prey.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>More light than culver in the falcon's <qex>fist</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(print.)</fld> <def>the index mark [<hand/],

used to direct special attention to the passage which

follows.</def>



<cs><col>Hand over fist</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>rapidly;

hand over hand.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fist</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fisted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fisting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike with

the fist.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To gripe with the fist.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fist"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fist</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to boxing, or to encounters

with the fists; puglistic; <as>as, <ex>fistic</ex> exploits;

<ex>fistic</ex> heroes.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fist"i*cuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cuff or

blow with the fist or hand</def>; <def2>(<pluf>pl.</pluf>) <def>a

fight with the fists; boxing</def>.</def2>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Fis"ti*nut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Fr.

<ets>fistinq</ets>, <ets>fistuq</ets>. See

<er>Pistachio</er>.]</ety> <def>A pistachio nut.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fis*tu"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An instrument used by the ancients in

driving piles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fis"tu*la</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fistul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A reed; a pipe.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pipe for convejing water.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A permanent abnormal opening

into the soft parts with a constant discharge; a deep, narrow,

chronic abscess; an abnormal opening between an internal cavity

and another cavity or the surface; <as>as, a salivary

<ex>fistula</ex>; an anal <ex>fistula</ex>; a recto-vaginal

<ex>fistula</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>Incomplete fistula</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

fistula open at one end only.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fis"tu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fistularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fistulaire</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Hollow and cylindrical, like a pipe or reed.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fis`tu*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fistula</ets> pipe.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, having the head

prolonged into a tube, with the mouth at the extremity.</def>



<hw>Fis`tu*la"ri*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fistularia</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus

Fistularia.</def>



<hw>Fis"tu*late</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i</pos>.

<ety>[Cf. L. <ets>fistulatus</ets> furnished with pipes.]</ety>

<def>To make hollow or become hollow like a fistula, or

pipe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>fistulated</xex>

ulcer.\'b8



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Fis"tule</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fistula.</def>



<hw>Fis"tu*li*form</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fistula</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a

fistular form; tubular; pipe-shaped.</def>



<q>Stalactite often occurs <qex>fistuliform</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Philips.</qau>



<hw>Fis"tu*lose`</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fistulosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed like a fistula; hollow;

reedlike.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Fis"tu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fistuleux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the form or

nature of a fistula; <as>as, a <ex>fistulous</ex>

ulcer</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hollow, like a pipe or reed; fistulose.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<hw>Fit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Fight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>fitt</ets> a

song.]</ety> <def>In Old English, a song; a strain; a canto or

portion of a ballad; a passus.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>fitte</asp>, <asp>fytte</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<q>To play some pleasant <qex>fit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fit</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Fitter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <er>Fittest</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fit</ets>,

<ets>fyt</ets>; cf. E. <ets>feat</ets> neat, elegant, well made,

or icel. <ets>fitja</ets> to web, knit, OD. <ets>vitten</ets> to

suit, square, Goth. <ets>f<?/tjan</ets> to adorn. <?/ 77.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Adapted to an end, object, or design; suitable

by nature or by art; suited by character, qualitties,

circumstances, education, etc.; qualified; competent;

worthy.</def>



<q>That which ordinary men are <qex>fit</qex> for, I am qualified

in.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Fit</qex> audience find, though few.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Prepared; ready.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So <qex>fit</qex> to shoot, she singled forth among

her foes who first her quarry's strength should feel.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Conformed to a standart of duty, properiety, or

taste; convenient; meet; becoming; proper.</def>



<q>Is it <qex>fit</qex> to say a king, Thou art wicked?</q>

<qau>Job xxxiv. 18.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Suitable; proper; appropriate; meet; becoming;

expedient; congruous; correspondent; apposite; apt; adapted;

prepared; qualified; competent; adequate.</syn>



<hw>Fit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Fitted</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fitting</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make fit or suitable; to adapt to the purpose intended;

to qualify; to put into a condition of readiness or

preparation.</def>



<q>The time is <qex>fitted</qex> for the duty.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>The very situation for which he was peculiarly

<qex>fitted</qex> by nature.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring to a required form and size; to shape

aright; to adapt to a model; to adjust; -- said especially of the

work of a carpenter, machinist, tailor, etc.</def>



<q>The carpenter . . . marketh it out with a line; he

<qex>fitteth</qex> it with planes.</q>

<qau>Is. xliv. 13.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To supply with something that is suitable or

fit, or that is shaped and adjusted to the use required.</def>



<q>No milliner can so <qex>fit</qex> his customers with

gloves.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be suitable to; to answer the requirements

of; to be correctly shaped and adjusted to; <as>as, if the coat

<ex>fits</ex> you, put it on</as>.</def>



<q>That's a bountiful answer that <qex>fits</qex> all

questions.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>That time best <qex>fits</qex> the work.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To fit out</col>, <cd>to supply with necessaries or

means; to furnish; to equip; as, <xex>to fit out<xex> a

privateer.</cd> -- <col>To fit up</col>, <cd>to firnish with

things suitable; to make proper for the reception or use of any

person; to prepare; as, <xex>to fit up<xex> a room for a

guest.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

be proper or becoming.</def>



<q>Nor <qex>fits</qex> it to prolong the feast.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be adjusted to a particular shape or size; to

suit; to be adapted; <as>as, his coat <ex>fits</ex> very

well</as>.</def>



<hw>Fit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being

fit; adjustment; adaptedness; as of dress to the person of the

wearer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The coincidence

of parts that come in contact.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part

of an object upon which anything fits tightly.</def>



<cs><col>Fit rod</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>a gauge rod

used to try the depth of a bolt hole in order to determine the

length of the bolt required.</cd> <au>Knight.</au></cs>



<hw>Fit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>fit</ets> strife,

fight; of uncertain origin. <root/ 77.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

stroke or blow.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<q>Curse on that cross, quoth then the Sarazin,

That keeps thy body from the bitter <qex>fit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden and violent attack of a disorder; a

stroke of disease, as of epilepsy or apoplexy, which produces

convulsions or unconsciousness; a convulsion; a paroxysm; hence,

a period of exacerbation of a disease; in general, an attack of

disease; <as>as, a <ex>fit</ex> of sickness</as>.</def>



<q>And when the <qex>fit</qex> was on him, I did mark

How he did shake.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mood of any kind which masters or possesses

one for a time; a temporary, absorbing affection; a paroxysm;

<as>as, a <ex>fit</ex> melancholy, of passion, or of

laughter</as>.</def>



<q>All <qex>fits</qex> of pleasure we balanced by an equal degree

of pain.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>The English, however, were on this subject prone to

<qex>fits</qex> of jealously.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A passing humor; a caprice; a sudden and unusual

effort, activity, or motion, followed by relaxation or insction;

an impulse and irregular action.</def>



<q>The <qex>fits</qex> of the season.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A darting point; a sudden emission.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A tongue of light, a <qex>fit</qex> of flame.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>By fits</col>, <col>By fits and

starts</col></mcol>, <cd>by intervals of action and re<?/pose;

impulsively and irregularly; intermittently.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fitch</hw> <pr>(?; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fitches</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See

<er>Vetch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

vetch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A word found

in the Authorized Version of the Bible, representing different

Hebrew originals. In Isaiah xxviii. 25, 27, it means the black

aromatic seeds of <spn>Nigella sativa</spn>, still used as a

flavoring in the East. In Ezekiel iv. 9, the Revised Version now

reads <xex>spelt</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fitch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. of fitched.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European polecat; also, its

fur.</def>



<hw>Fitch"\'82</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fich\'82</ets>, lit. p.p. of <ets>ficher</ets> to fasten,

OF. <ets>fichier</ets> to pierce. Cf. 1st <er>Fish</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Sharpened to a point; pointed.</def>



<cs><col>Cross fitch\'82</col>, <cd>a cross having the lower arm

pointed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fitched</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(her.)</fld>

<def>Fitch\'82.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>fiched</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fitch"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fitch"ew</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>fisseau</ets>, <ets>fissel</ets>, OD. <ets>fisse</ets>,

<ets>visse</ets>, <ets>vitsche</ets>, D. <ets>vies</ets> nasty,

loathsome, E. <ets>fizz</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The European polecat (<spn>Putorius f\'d2tidus</spn>). See

<er>Polecat</er>.</def>



<hw>Fitch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having fitches

or vetches.</def>



<hw>Fitch"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fitch\'82</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Fitch\'82.</def>



<hw>Fit"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 7th

<er>Fit</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of fits; irregularly variable;

impulsive and unstable.</def>



<q>After life's <qex>fitful</qex> fever, he sleeps well.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fit"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fit"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>The victorius trumpet peal

Dies <qex>fitfully away</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fith"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fith"ul</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. See

<er>Fiddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A fiddle</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fit"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fit

manner; suitably; properly; conveniently; <as>as, a maxim

<ex>fitly</ex> applied</as>.</def>



<hw>Fit"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

fitting; that which is proper or becoming; equipment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fit"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being fit; <as>as, the <ex>fitness</ex> of measures or laws; a

person's <ex>fitness</ex> for office.</as></def>



<hw>Fitt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 2d

<er>Fit</er>.</def>



<hw>Fit"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suitable;

fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Fit"ted*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being fitted; adaptation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Fit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who fits or makes to fit; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> One who tries on,

and adjusts, articles of dress. <sd>(b)</sd> One who fits or

adjusts the different parts of machinery to each other.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coal broker who conducts the sales between the

owner of a coal pit and the shipper.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Fit"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little piece; a flitter; a

flinder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Where's the Frenchman? Alas, he's all <qex>fitters</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Fit"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything used

in fitting up</def>; especially <def2>(<pluf>pl.</pluf>),

<def>necessary fixtures or apparatus; <as>as, the

<ex>fittings</ex> of a church or study; gas

<ex>fittings</ex>.</as></def><def2>



<hw>Fit"ting</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fit; appropriate; suitable;

proper.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fit"ting*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

-- <wf>Fit"ting*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Fit"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant (<spn>Eryngium f\'d2tidum</spn>) supposed to be a

remedy for fits.</def>



<hw>Fitz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fils</ets>, <ets>filz</ets>, <ets>fiz</ets>, son, F.

<ets>fils</ets>, L. <ets>filius</ets>. See

<er>Filial</er>.]</ety> <def>A son; -- used in compound names, to

indicate paternity, esp. of the illegitimate sons of kings and

princes of the blood; <as>as, <ex>Fitz</ex>roy, the son of the

king; <ex>Fitz</ex>clarence, the son of the duke of

Clarence.</as></def>



<hw>Five</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fif</ets>, <ets>five</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'c6f</ets>,

<ets>f\'c6fe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vijf</ets>, OS.

<ets>f\'c6f</ets>, OHG. <ets>finf</ets>, <ets>funf</ets>, G.

<ets>f\'81nf</ets>, Icel. <ets>fimm</ets>, Sw. & Sw. Dan.

<ets>fem</ets>, Goth. <ets>fimf</ets>, Lith. <ets>penki</ets>,

<ets>W</ets>. <ets>pump</ets>, OIr. <ets>c\'a2ic</ets>, L.

<ets>quinque</ets>, Gr. <?/, \'92ol. <?/, Skr.

<ets>pa<?/can</ets>. <?/ 303. Cf. <er>Fifth</er>,

<er>Cinque</er>, <er>Pentagon</er>, <er>Punch</er> the drink,

<er>Quinary</er>.]</ety> <def>Four and one added; one more than

four.</def>



<-- p. 565 -->



<cs><col>Five nations</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>a

confederacy of the Huron-Iroquois Indians, consisting of five

tribes: Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, and Senecas. They

inhabited the region which is now the State of new

York.</cd></cs>



<hw>Five</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

number next greater than four, and less than six; five units or

objects.</def>



<q><qex>Five</qex> of them were wise, and <qex>five</qex> were

foolish.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxv. 2.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing this number, as 5, or

V.</def>



<hw>Five"-fin`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cinquefoil</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A starfish with five rays,

esp. <spn>Asterias rubens</spn>.</def>



<hw>Five"fold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>In

fives; consisting of five in one; five repeated; quintuple.</def>



<hw>Five"-leaf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cinquefoil;

five-finger.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Five"-leafed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Five"-leaved`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having five leaflets, as the Virginia

creeper.</def>



<hw>Five"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A compound or twin crystal consisting of five

individuals.</def>



<hw>Fives</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A kind of

play with a ball against a wall, resembling tennis; -- so named

because three <xex>fives</xex>, or <xex>fifteen</xex>, are

counted to the game.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<cs><col>Fives court</col>, <cd>a place for playing

fives.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fives</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Vives</er>.]</ety>

<def>A disease of the glands under the ear in horses; the

vives.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Five`-twen"ties</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>Five-twenty bonds of the United States (bearing six per cent

interest), issued in 1862, '64, and '65, redeemable after

<xex>five</xex> and payable in <xex>twenty</xex> years.</def>



<hw>Fix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE., fr. L.

<ets>fixus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>figere</ets> to fix; cf. F.

<ets>fixe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fixed; solidified.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fix</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fixed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fixer</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make firm, stable,

or fast; to set or place permanently; to fasten immovably; to

establish; to implant; to secure; to make efinite.</def>



<q>An ass's nole I <qex>fixed</qex> on his head.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>O, <qex>fix</qex> thy chair of grace, that all my powers

May also <qex>fix</qex> their reverence.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<q>His heart is <qex>fixed</qex>, trusting in the Lord.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxii. 7.</qau>



<q>And <qex>fix</qex> far deeper in his head their stings.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hold steadily; to direct unwaveringly; to

fasten, as the eye on an object, the attention on a

speaker.</def>



<q>Sat <qex>fixed</qex> in thought the mighty Stagirite.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>One eye on death, and one full <qex>fix'd</qex> on heaven.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To transfix; to pierce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sandys.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To render (an impression)

permanent by treating with such applications a will make it

insensible to the action of light.</def>



<au>Abney.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To put in prder; to arrange; to dispose of; to

adjust; to set to rights; to set or place in the manner desired

or most suitable; hence, to repair; <as>as, to <ex>fix</ex> the

clothes; to <ex>fix</ex> the furniture of a room.</as></def>

<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>To line the hearth of

(a puddling furnace) with fettling.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To arrange; prepare; adjust; place; establis;

settle; determine.</syn>



<hw>Fix</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become fixed;

to settle or remain permanently; to cease from wandering; to

rest.</def>



<q>Your kindness banishes your fear,

Resolved to <qex>fix</qex> forever here.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become firm, so as to resist volatilization;

to cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and

malleable, as a metallic substance.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<cs><col>To fix on</col>, <cd>to settle the opinion or resolution

about; to determine regarding; as, the contracting parties have

<xex>fixed on<xex> certain leading points.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fix</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A position of

difficulty or embarassment; predicament; dillema.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Is he not living, then? No. is he dead, then? No, nor dead

either. Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he

is in an almighty <qex>fix</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>fettling.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Fix"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being fixed.</def>



<hw>Fix*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fixation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of fixing,

or the state of being fixed.</def>



<q>An unalterable <qex>fixation</qex> of resolution.</q>

<qau>Killingbeck.</qau>



<q>To light, created in the first day, God gave no proper place

or <qex>fixation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<q>Marked stiffness or absolute <qex>fixation</qex> of a

joint.</q>

<qau>Quain.</qau>



<q>A <qex>fixation</qex> and confinement of thought to a few

objects.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of uniting chemically with a solid

substance or in a solid form; reduction to a non-volatile

condition; -- said of gaseous elements.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or process of ceasing to be fluid and

becoming firm.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A state of resistance to evaporation or

volatilization by heat; -- said of metals.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fix"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which

serves to set or fix colors or drawings, as a mordant.</def>



<hw>Fixed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Securely placed or fastened; settled; established; firm;

imovable; unalterable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Stable; non-volatile.</def>



<cs><col>Fixed air</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>carbonic

acid or carbon dioxide; -- so called by Dr. Black because it can

be absorbed or <xex>fixed<xex> by strong bases. See

<cref>Carbonic acid</cref>, under <er>Carbonic</er>.</cd> --

<col>Fixed alkali</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

non-volatile base, as soda, or potash, in distinction from the

volatile alkali ammonia.</cd> -- <col>Fixed ammunition</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a projectile and powder inclosed together

in a case ready for loading.</cd> -- <col>Fixed battery</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a battery which contains heavy guns and

mortars intended to remain stationary; -- distinguished from

<xex>movable<xex> battery.</cd> -- <col>Fixed bodies</col>,

<cd>those which can not be volatilized or separated by a common

menstruum, without great difficulty, as gold, platinum, lime,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Fixed capital</col>. <cd>See the Note under

<er>Capital</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Fixed

fact</col>, <cd>a well established fact.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Fixed light</col>, <cd>one which

emits constant beams; -- distinguished from a flashing,

revolving, or intermittent light.</cd> -- <col>Fixed oils</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>non-volatile, oily substances, as

stearine and olein, which leave a permanent greasy stain, and

which can not be distilled unchanged; -- distinguished from

<xex>volatile<xex> or <xex>essential oils<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Fixed pivot</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the fixed point

about which any line of troops wheels.</cd> -- <col>Fixed

stars</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>such stars as always retain

nearly the same apparent position and distance with respect to

each other, thus distinguished from planets and comets.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fix"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fixed,

stable, or constant manner.</def>



<hw>Fix"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or

quality of being fixed; stability; steadfastness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of a body which resists evaporation

or volatilization by heat; solidity; cohesion of parts; <as>as,

the <ex>fixedness</ex> of gold</as>.</def>



<hw>Fix*id"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Fixedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Fix"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act or process of making fixed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is fixed; a fixture.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Arrangements; embellishments;

trimmings; accompaniments.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Fix"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fixit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fixedness; <as>as,

<ex>fixity</ex> of tenure</as>; also, that which is fixed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Coherence of parts.</def>



<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>



<hw>Fix"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Fixture</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is fixed or

attached to something as a permanent appendage; <as>as, the

<ex>fixtures</ex> of a pump; the <ex>fixtures</ex> of a farm or

of a dwelling, that is, the articles which a tenant may not take

away.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>State of being fixed; fixedness.</def>



<q>The firm <qex>fixture</qex> of thy foot.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything of an accessory

character annexed to houses and lands, so as to constitute a part

of them. This term is, however, quite frequently used in the

peculiar sense of personal chattels annexed to lands and

tenements, but removable by the person annexing them, or his

personal representatives. In this latter sense, the same things

may be <xex>fixtures</xex> under some circumstances, and not

<xex>fixtures</xex> under others.</def>



<au>Wharton (Law Dict. ). Bouvier.</au>



<note><hand/ This word is frequently substituted for

<xex>fixure</xex> (formerly the word in common use) in new

editions of old works.</note>



<hw>Fix"ure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fixura</ets> a fastening, fr. <ets>figere</ets> to fix. See

<er>Fix</er>, and cf. <er>Fixture</er>.]</ety> <def>Fixed

position; stable condition; firmness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fix"gig`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fishing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sandys.</au>



<hw>Fiz"gig`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Fizz</ets> +

<ets>gig</ets> whirling thing.]</ety> <def>A firework, made of

damp powder, which makes a fizzing or hissing noise when it

explodes.</def>



<hw>Fiz"gig`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gig</er> a

flirt.]</ety> <def>A gadding, flirting girl.</def>



<au>Gosson.</au>



<hw>Fizz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fizzed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fizzing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>f\'c6sa</ets> to break wind, Dan.

<ets>fise</ets> to foist, fizzle, OSw. <ets>fisa</ets>, G.

<ets>fisten</ets>, <ets>feisten</ets>. Cf. <er>Foist</er>.]</ety>

<def>To make a hissing sound, as a burning fuse.</def>



<hw>Fizz</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hising sound; <as>as, the

<ex>fizz</ex> of a fly</as>.</def>



<hw>Fiz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fizzled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fizzling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fizz</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a hissing sound.</def>



<q>It is the eas<?/est thinng, sir, to be done,

As plain as <qex>fizzling</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a ridiculous failure in an

undertaking.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Low]</mark>



<cs><col>To fizzle out</col>, <cd>to burn with a hissing noise

and then go out, like wet gunpowder; hence, to fail completely

and ridicuously; to prove a failure.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fiz"zle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A failure or abortive

effort.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fjord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fiord</er>.</def>



<hw>Flab"ber*gast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Flap</er>, and <er>Aghast</er>.]</ety> <def>To astonish; to

strike with wonder, esp. by extraordinary statements.</def>

<mark>[Jocular]</mark>



<au>Beaconsfield.</au>



<hw>Flab`ber*gas*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state of being flabbergasted.</def>

<mark>[Jocular]</mark>



<au>London Punch.</au>



<hw>Flab"bi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

flabby manner.</def>



<hw>Flab"bi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of

being flabby.</def>



<hw>Flab"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Flap</er>.]</ety> <def>Yielding to the touch, and easily

moved or shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; wanting

firmness; flaccid; <as>as, <ex>flabby</ex> flesh</as>.</def>



<hw>Fla"bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flabellum</ets> a fan, dim. of <ets>flabrum</ets> a breeze,

fr. <ets>flare</ets> to blow.]</ety> <def>A fan.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<hw>Fla*bel"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flabellatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>flabellare</ets> to fan, fr.

<ets>flabellum</ets>. See <er>Flabbel</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flabelliform.</def>



<hw>Flab`el*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of keeping fractured limbs cool by the use of a fan or some other

contrivance.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Fla*bel"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flabellum</ets> a fan + <ets>-fform</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>flabeliforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a fan;

fan-shaped; flabellate.</def>



<hw>Fla*bel"li*nerved`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flabellum</ets> a fan + E. <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many nerves diverging radiately

from the base; -- said of a leaf.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fla*bel"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>See</ets> <er>Flabel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A

fan; especially, the fan carried before the pope on state

occasions, made in ostrich and peacock feathers.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Flab"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable to be blown about.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Flac"cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flaccidus</ets>, fr. <ets>flaccus</ets> flabby: cf. OF.

<ets>flaccide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding to pressure for want of

firmness and stiffness; soft and weak; limber; lax; drooping;

flabby; <as>as, a <ex>flaccid</ex> muscle; <ex>flaccid</ex>

flesh.</as></def>



<q>Religious profession . . . has become <qex>flacced</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Flac"cid*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

-- <wf>Flac"cid*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Flac*cid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>flaccidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being

flaccid.</def>



<hw>Flack"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flakeren</ets>, fr. <ets>flacken</ets> to move quickly to

and fro; cf. icel. <ets>flakka</ets> to rove about, AS.

<ets>flacor</ets> fluttering, flying, G. <ets>flackern</ets> to

flare, flicker.]</ety> <def>To flutter, as a bird.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Flack"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>flasquet</ets> little flask, dim. of <ets>flasque</ets> a

flask.]</ety> <def>A barrel-shaped bottle; a flagon.</def>



<hw>Flag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flagged</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flagging</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>flaka</ets> to

droop, hang loosely. Cf. <er>Flacker</er>, <er>Flag</er> an

ensign.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hang loose without stiffness;

to bend down, as flexible bodies; to be loose, yielding,

limp.</def>



<q>As loose it [the sail] <qex>flagged</qex> around the mast.</q>

<qau>T. Moore.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To droop; to grow spiritless; to lose vigor; to

languish; <as>as, the spirits <ex>flag</ex>; the streugth

<ex>flags</ex>.</as></def>



<q>The pleasures of the town begin to <qex>flag</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To droop; decline; fail; languish; pine.</syn>



<hw>Flag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

let droop; to suffer to fall, or let fall, into feebleness;

<as>as, to <ex>flag</ex> the wings</as>.</def>



<au>prior.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enervate; to exhaust the vigor or elasticity

of.</def>



<q>Nothing so <qex>flags</qex> the spirits.</q>

<qau>Echard.</qau>



<hw>Flag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG. & G.

<ets>flagge</ets>, Sw. <ets>flagg</ets>, Dan. <ets>flag</ets>, D.

<ets>vlag</ets>. See <er>Flag</er> to hang loose.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which flags or hangs down loosely.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cloth usually bearing a device or devices and

used to indicate nationality, party, etc., or to give or ask

information; -- commonly attached to a staff to be waved by the

wind; a standard; a banner; an ensign; the colors; <as>as, the

national <ex>flag</ex>; a military or a naval

<ex>flag</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A group of

feathers on the lower part of the legs of certain hawks, owls,

etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of elongated wing feathers

in certain hawks.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The bushy tail of a

dog, as of a setter.</def>



<cs><col>Black flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Black</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Flag captain</col>, <col>Flag leutenant</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc., special officers attached to the flagship, as aids to

the flag officer.</cd> -- <col>Flag officer</col>, <cd>the

commander of a fleet or squadron; an admiral, or commodore.</cd>

-- <col>Flag of truse</col>, <cd>a white flag carried or

displayed to an enemy, as an invitation to conference, or for the

purpose of making some communication not hostile.</cd> --

<col>Flag share</col>, <cd>the flag officer's share of prize

money.</cd> -- <col>Flag station</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>,

<cd>a station at which trains do not stop unless signaled to do

so, by a flag hung out or waved.</cd> -- <col>National

flag</col>, <cd>a flag of a particular country, on which some

national emblem or device, is emblazoned.</cd> -- <col>Red

flag</col>, <cd>a flag of a red color, displayed as a signal of

danger or token of defiance; the emblem of anarchists.</cd> --

<col>To dip, the flag</col>, <cd>to mlower it and quickly restore

it to its place; -- done as a mark of respect.</cd> -- <col>To

hang out the white flag</col>, <cd>to ask truce or quarter, or,

in some cases, to manifest a friendly design by exhibiting a

white flag.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To hang the flag</col>

<col>half-mast high <or/ half-staff</col></mcol>, <cd>to raise it

only half way to the mast <xex>or<xex> staff, as a token or sign

of mourning.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>strike, <or/

lower</col>, <col>the flag</col></mcol>, <cd>to haul it down, in

token of respect, submission, or, in an engagement, of

surrender.</cd> -- <col>Yellow flag</col>, <cd>the quarantine

flag of all nations; also carried at a vessel's fore, to denote

that an infectious disease is on board.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Flag</er> an

ensign.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To signal to with a flag; <as>as,

to <ex>flag</ex> a train</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To convey, as a message, by means of flag

signals; <as>as, to <ex>flag</ex> an order to troops or vessels

at a distance</as>.</def>



<hw>Flag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Flag</er> to hang

loose, to bend down.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aquatic

plant, with long, ensiform leaves, belonging to either of the

genera <spn>Iris</spn> and <spn>Acorus</spn>.</def>



<cs><col>Cooper's flag</col>, <cd>the cat-tail (<spn>Typha

latifolia</spn>), the long leaves of which are placed between the

staves of barrels to make the latter water-tight.</cd> --

<col>Corn flag</col>. <cd>See under 2d <er>Corn</er>.</cd> --

<col>Flag broom</col>, <cd>a coarse of broom, originally made of

flags or rushes.</cd> -- <col>Flag root</col>, <cd>the root of

the sweet flag.</cd> -- <col>Sweet flag</col>. <cd>See

<er>Calamus</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish or deck out with

flags.</def>



<hw>Flag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>flaga</ets>, cf.

Icel. <ets>flag</ets> spot where a turf has been cut out, and E.

<ets>flake</ets> layer, scale. Cf. <er>Floe</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A flat stone used for paving.</def>



<au>Woodward.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Any hard, evenly stratified

sandstone, which splits into layers suitable for

flagstones.</def>



<hw>Flag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lay with flags of flat

stones.</def>



<q>The sides and floor are all <qex>flagged</qex> with . . .

marble.</q>

<qau>Sandys.</qau>



<hw>Flag"el*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flagellans</ets>, p.p. of <ets>flagellare</ets>: cf.F.

<ets>flagellant</ets>. See <er>Flagellate</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a fanatical sect which

flourished in Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries, and

maintained that flagellation was of equal virtue with baptism and

the sacrament; -- called also

<altname>disciplinant</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Flag`el*la"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr.L. <ets>flagellatus</ets>, <ets>p. p</ets>.

<ets>See</ets> <er>Flagellate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Infusoria, having one or

two long, whiplike cilia, at the anterior end. It includes

monads. See <er>Infusoria</er>, and <er>Monad</er>.</def>



<hw>Flag"el*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flagellated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flagellating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>flagellatus</ets>, p.p.

of <ets>flagellare</ets> to scoure, fr. <ets>flagellum</ets>

whip, dim. of <ets>flagrum</ets> whip, scoure; cf.

<ets>fligere</ets> to strike. Cf. <er>Flall</er>.]</ety> <def>To

whip; to scourge; to flog.</def>



<hw>Fla*gel"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Flagelliform.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Flagellata.</def>



<hw>Flag`el*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flagellatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>flagellation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A beating or flogging; a whipping; a scourging.</def>



<au>Garth.</au>



<hw>Flag"el*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

practices flagellation; one who whips or scourges.</def>



<hw>Fla*gel"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flagellum</ets> a whip + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Shaped like a whiplash; long, slender, round, flexible, and

(comming) tapering.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fla*gel"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Flagellums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Flagella</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a whip. See <er>Flagellate</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

young, flexible shoot of a plant; esp., the long trailing branch

of a vine, or a slender branch in certain mosses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A long,

whiplike cilium. See <er>Flagellata</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>An appendage of the reproductive apparatus of the

snail.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A lashlike appendage of a

crustacean, esp. the terminal ortion of the antenn\'91 and the

epipodite of the maxilipeds. See <er>Maxilliped</er>.</def>



<-- p. 566 -->



<hw>Flag"eo*let`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>flageolet</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>flaj<?/l</ets> (as if fr.

a LL. <ets>flautio</ets>;<ets>us</ets>), of <ets>fla\'81te</ets>,

<ets>flahute</ets>, F. <ets>fl<?/te</ets>. See

<er>Flute</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small wooden

pipe, having six or more holes, and a mouthpiece inserted at one

end. It produces a shrill sound, softer than of the piccolo

flute, and is said to have superseded the old recorder.</def>



<cs><col>Flageolet tones</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the naturel

harmonics or overtones of stringed instruments.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flag"gi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of being flaggy; laxity; limberness.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Flag"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pavement or

sidewalk of flagstones; flagstones, collectively.</def>



<hw>Flag"ging</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Growing languid, weak, or

spiritless; weakening; delaying.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Flag"ging*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Flag"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Weak; flexible; limber.</def> \'bd<xex>Flaggy</xex>

wings.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tasteless; insipid; <as>as, a <ex>flaggy</ex>

apple</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Flag"gy</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 5th

<er>Flag</er>.]</ety> <def>Abounding with the plant called

<xex>flag</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>flaggy</ex> marsh</as>.</def>



<hw>Flag"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flagitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>flagitare</ets> to demand.

See <er>Flagitious</er>.]</ety> <def>To importune; to demand

fiercely or with passion.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Carcyle.</au>



<hw>Flag`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flagitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Importunity; urgent

demand.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Fla*gi"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flagitiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>flagitium</ets> a shameful or

disgraceful act, orig., a burning desire, heat of passion, from

<ets>flagitare</ets> to demand hotly, fiercely; cf.

<ets>flagrare</ets> to burn, E. <ets>flagrant</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Disgracefully or shamefully criminal; grossly

wicked; scandalous; shameful; -- said of acts, crimes, etc.</def>



<q>Debauched principles and <qex>flagitious</qex> practices.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Guilty of enormous crimes; corrupt; profligate;

-- said of persons.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Characterized by scandalous crimes or vices;

<as>as, <ex>flagitious</ex> times</as>.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Atrocious; villainous; flagrant; heinous; corrupt;

profligate; abandoned. See <er>Atracious</er>. --

<wordforms><wf>Fla*gi"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fla*gi"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></syn></wordforms>



<q>A sentence so <qex>flagitiously</qex> unjust.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Flag"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flagmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who makes

signals with a flag.</def>



<hw>Flag"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>flacon</ets>, for <ets>flascon</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>flasche</ets>, from LL. <ets>flasco</ets>. See

<er>Flask</er>.]</ety> <def>A vessel with a narrow mouth, used

for holding and conveying liquors. It is generally larger than a

bottle, and of leather or stoneware rather than of glass.</def>



<q>A trencher of mutton chops, and a <qex>flagon</qex> of

ale.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Fla"grance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Flagrancy.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Fla"gran*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flagrancies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>flagrantia</ets> a burning. See <er>Flagrant</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A burning; great heat; inflammation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Lust causeth a <qex>flagrancy</qex> in the eyes.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The condition or quality of being flagrant;

atrocity; heiniousness; enormity; excess.</def>



<au>Steele.</au>



<hw>Fla"grant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flagrans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of

<ets>flagrate</ets> to burn, akin to Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>flagrant</ets>. Cf. <er>Flame</er>, <er>Phlox</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Flaming; inflamed; glowing; burning;

ardent.</def>



<q>The beadle's lash still <qex>flagrant</qex> on their back.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<q>A young man yet <qex>flagrant</qex> from the lash of the

executioner or the beadle.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<q><qex>Flagrant</qex> desires and affections.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Actually in preparation, execution, or

performance; carried on hotly; raging.</def>



<q>A war the most powerful of the native tribes was

<qex>flagrant</qex>.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Flaming into notice; notorious; enormous;

heinous; glaringly wicked.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Atrocious; flagitious; glaring. See

<er>Atrocious</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fla"grant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flagrant

manner.</def>



<hw>Fla"grate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flagrare</ets>, <ets>flagratum</ets>, v.i. & t., to

burn.]</ety> <def>To burn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Greenhill.</au>



<hw>Fla*gra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

conflagration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flag"ship`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The vessel which carries the commanding

officer of a fleet or squadron and flies his distinctive flag or

pennant.</def>



<hw>Flag"staff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>-staves</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr> or <plw>-staffs</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A staff on which a flag is

hoisted.</def>



<hw>Flag"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flat

stone used in paving, or any rock which will split into such

stones. See <er>Flag</er>, a stone.</def>



<hw>Flag"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A worm or grub found among flags and

sedge.</def>



<hw>Flail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flagellum</ets> whip, scourge, in LL., a threshing flail:

cf. OF. <ets>flael</ets>, <ets>flaiel</ets>, F.

<ets>fl\'82au</ets>. See <er>Flagellum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An instrument for threshing or beating grain from the ear by

hand, consisting of a wooden staff or handle, at the end of which

a stouter and shorter pole or club, called a swipe, is so hung as

to swing freely.</def>



<q>His shadowy <qex>flail</qex> hath threshed the corn.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ancient military weapon, like the common

flail, often having the striking part armed with rows of spikes,

or loaded.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<q>No citizen thought himself safe unless he carried under his

coat a small <qex>flail</qex>, loaded with lead, to brain the

Popish assassins.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Flail"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Acting like a

flail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Vicars.</au>



<hw>Flain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.

p.</pos> of <er>Flay</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>flaki</ets>, <ets>fleki</ets>, Dan. <ets>flage</ets>, D.

<ets>vlaak</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A paling; a

hurdle.</def> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A platform of hurdles, or small sticks made fast

or interwoven, supported by stanchions, for drying codfish and

other things.</def>



<q>You shall also, after they be ripe, neither suffer them to

have straw nor fern under them, but lay them either upon some

smooth table, boards, or <qex>flakes</qex> of wands, and they

will last the longer.</q>

<qau>English Husbandman.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small stage hung over a

vessel's side, for workmen to stand on in calking, etc.</def>



<hw>Flake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>flakna</ets> to flake off, split, <ets>flagna</ets> to flake

off, Sw. <ets>flaga</ets> flaw, flake, <ets>flake</ets> plate,

Dan. <ets>flage</ets> snowflake. Cf. <er>Flag</er> a flat

stone.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loose filmy mass or a thin

chiplike layer of anything; a film; flock; lamina; layer; scale;

<as>as, a <ex>flake</ex> of snow, tallow, or fish</as>.</def>

\'bdLottle <xex>flakes</xex> of scurf.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>Great <qex>flakes</qex> of ice encompassing our boat.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A little particle of lighted or incandescent

matter, darted from a fire; a flash.</def>



<q>With <qex>flakes</qex> of ruddy fire.</q>

<qau>Somerville.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sort of carnation with only

two colors in the flower, the petals having large stripes.</def>

<-- 4. a flaky{2} person -->



<cs><col>Flake knife</col> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld>, <cd>a

cutting instrument used by savage tribes, made of a flake or chip

of hard stone.</cd> <au>Tylor.</au> -- <col>Flake stand</col>,

<cd>the cooling tub or vessel of a still worm.</cd>

<au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Flake white</col>. <fld>(Paint.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The purest white lead, in the form of flakes or

scales.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The trisnitrate of bismuth.</cd> 

<au>Ure.</au></cs>



<hw>Flake</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flaked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flaking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form into flakes.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Flake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To separate in flakes; to

peel or scale off.</def>



<hw>Flak"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being flaky.</def>



<hw>Flak"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of

flakes or of small, loose masses; lying, or cleaving off, in

flakes or layers; flakelike.</def>

<--2. (of persons) = prone to strange behavior; (of actions) odd

or unconventional = offbeat, whacky -->



<q>What showers of mortal hail, what <qex>flaky</qex> fires!</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<q>A <qex>flaky</qex> weight of winter's purest snows.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Flam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<er>fle\'a0m</er>, <er>fl<?/m</er>, floght. <root/ 84 . Cf.

<er>Flimflam</er>.]</ety> <def>A freak or whim; also, a

falsehood; a lie; an illusory pretext; deception; delusion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A perpetual abuse and <qex>flam</qex> upon posterity.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Flam</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flammed</er> ; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flamming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deceive with a

falsehood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>God is not to be <qex>flammed</qex> off with lies.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Flam"beau</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flambeaux</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> or <plw>Flambeaus</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>flambe</ets> flame,

for <ets>flamble</ets>, from L. <ets>flammula</ets> a little

flame, dim. of <ets>flamma</ets> flame. See

<er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <def>A flaming torch, esp. one made by

combining together a number of thick wicks invested with a

quick-burning substance (anciently, perhaps, wax; in modern

times, pitch or the like); hence, any torch.</def>



<hw>Flam*boy"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Characterized by waving or flamelike

curves, as in the tracery of windows, etc.; -- said of the later

(15th century) French Gothic style.</def>



<hw>Flam*boy"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>flamboyer</ets> to be bright.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A name given in the East and West Indies to certain trees

with brilliant blossoms, probably species of

<spn>C\'91salpinia</spn>.</def>



<hw>Flame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flame</ets>, <ets>flaume</ets>, <ets>flaumbe</ets>, OF.

<ets>flame</ets>, <ets>flambe</ets>, F. <ets>flamme</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>flamma</ets>, fr. <ets>flamma</ets>, fr. <ets>flagrare</ets>

to burn. See <er>Flagrant</er>, and cf. <er>Flamneau</er>,

<er>Flamingo</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stream of burning

vapor or gas, emitting light and heat; darting or streaming fire;

a blaze; a fire.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Burning zeal or passion; elevated and noble

enthusiasm; glowing imagination; passionate excitement or

anger.</def> \'bdIn a <xex>flame</xex> of zeal severe.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Where <qex>flames</qex> refin'd in breasts seraphic glow.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Smit with the love of sister arts we came,

And met congenial, mingling <qex>flame</qex> with

<qex>flame</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ardor of affection; the passion of love.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A person beloved; a sweetheart.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Blaze; brightness; ardor. See <er>Blaze</er>.</syn>



<cs><col>Flame bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge wall. See

<er>Bridge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Flame

color</col>, <cd>brilliant orange or yellow.</cd> <au>B.

Jonson.</au> -- <col>Flame engine</col>, <cd>an early name for

the gas engine.</cd> -- <col>Flame manometer</col>, <cd>an

instrument, invented by Koenig, to obtain graphic representation

of the action of the human vocal organs. See

<er>Manometer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flame reaction</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a method of testing for the presence of

certain elements by the characteristic color imparted to a flame;

as, sodium colors a flame yellow, potassium violet, lithium

crimson, boracic acid green, etc. Cf. <xex>Spectrum

analysis<xex>, under <er>Spectrum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flame

tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree with showy scarlet

flowers, as the <spn>Rhododendron arboreum</spn> in India, and

the <spn>Brachychiton acerifolium</spn> of Australia.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flame</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flamed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flamen</ets>,

<ets>flaumben</ets>, F. <ets>flamber</ets>, OF. also,

<ets>flamer</ets>. See <er>Flame</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To burn with a flame or blaze; to burn as gas

emitted from bodies in combustion; to blaze.</def>



<q>The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it

<qex>flame</qex> again.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To burst forth like flame; to break out in

violence of passion; to be kindled with zeal or ardor.</def>



<q>He <qex>flamed</qex> with indignation.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Flame</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To kindle; to inflame; to

excite.</def>



<q>And <qex>flamed</qex> with zeal of vengeance inwardly.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Flame"-col`ored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

color of flame; of a bright orange yellow color.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flame"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of flame.</def>



<au>Sandys.</au>



<hw>Flame"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Flame</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small

flame.</def>



<q>The <qex>flamelets</qex> gleamed and flickered.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Fla"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Flammens</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Flamines</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>

<def>A priest devoted to the service of a particular god, from

whom he received a distinguishing epithet. The most honored were

those of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, called respectively

<xex>Flamen Dialis</xex>, <xex>Flamen Martialis</xex>, and

<xex>Flamen Quirinalis</xex>.</def>



<q>Affrights the flamens at their service quaint.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fla*min"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a flamen; flaminical.</def>



<hw>Flam"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Emitting flames; afire; blazing; consuming;

illuminating.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the color of flame; high-colored; brilliant;

dazzling.</def> \'bdIn <xex>flaming</xex> yellow bright.\'b8



<au>Prior.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ardent; passionate; burning with zeal;

irrepressibly earnest; <as>as, a <ex>flaming</ex> proclomation or

harangue</as>.</def>



<hw>Flam"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flaming

manner.</def>



<hw>Fla*min"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flamingoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp.

<ets>flamenco</ets>, cf. Pg. <ets>flamingo</ets>, Prov.

<ets>flammant</ets>, F. <ets>flamant</ets>; prop. a p.pr. meaning

<ets>flaming</ets>. So called in allusion to its color. See

<er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the

genus <spn>Ph\'d2nicopterus</spn>. The flamingoes have webbed

feet, very long legs, and a beak bent down as if broken. Their

color is usually red or pink. The American flamingo is <spn>P.

ruber</spn>; the European is <spn>P. antiquorum</spn>.</def>



<hw>Fla*min"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a flamen.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Flam`ma*bil"ity</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being flammable; inflammability.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Flam"ma*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Inflammable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flam*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

setting in a flame or blaze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir. T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Flam"me*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flammeus</ets> from <ets>flamma</ets> flame.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, flame.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Flam*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flammifer</ets>; <ets>flamma</ets> flame + <ets>ferre</ets>

to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing flame.</def>



<hw>Flam*miv"o*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flammivomus</ets>; <ets>flamma</ets> flame +

<ets>vomere</ets> to vomit.]</ety> <def>Vomiting flames, as a

volcano.</def>



<au>W. Thompson. (1745).</au>



<hw>Flam"mu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flammula</ets> little flame, dim. fr. <ets>flamma</ets>

flame.]</ety> <def>Of a reddish color.</def>



<hw>Flam"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <def>Flaming; blazing; flamelike;

flame-colored; composed of flame.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Flanch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flanches</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Prov. E., a

projection, OF. <ets>flanche</ets> flank. See

<er>Flank</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A flange.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>. <def2><fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing

consisting of a segment of a circle encroaching on the field from

the side.</def></def2>



<note><hand/ <xex>Flanches</xex> are always in pairs. A pair of

<xex>flanches</xex> is considered one of the

subordinaries.</note>



<hw>Flanched</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Having flanches; -- said of an escutcheon with those

bearings.</def>



<hw>Flan`co*nade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A thrust in the

side.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fla`neur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>fl\'83ner</ets> to stroll.]</ety> <def>One who strolls about

aimlessly; a lounger; a loafer.</def>



<hw>Flang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A miner's

two-pointed pick.</def>



<hw>Flange</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>flange</ets> to project, <ets>flanch</ets> a projection. See

<er>Flanch</er>, <er>Flank</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

external or internal rib, or rim, for strength, as the

<xex>flange</xex> of an iron beam; or for a guide, as the

<xex>flange</xex> of a car wheel (see <er>Car wheel</er>.); or

for attachment to another object, as the <xex>flange</xex> on the

end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a

pipe when fastened to the pipe.</def>



<cs><col>Blind flange</col>, <cd>a plate for covering or closing

the end of a pipe.</cd> -- <col>Flange joint</col>, <cd>a joint,

as that of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by

which the parts are bolted together.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>- Flange rail</col>, <cd>a rail with a flange on one

side, to keep wheels, etc. from running off.</cd> -- <col>Flange

turning</col>, <cd>the process of forming a flange on a wrought

iron plate by bending and hammering it wh<?/n hot.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flange</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flanged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flanging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To make a flange on; to furnish with a

flange.</def>



<hw>Flange</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be bent into a

flange.</def>



<hw>Flanged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a flange

or flanges; <as>as, a <ex>flanged</ex> wheel</as>.</def>



<hw>Flank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>flanc</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>flaccus</ets> flabby, with

<ets>n</ets> inserted. Cf. <er>Flaccid</er>, <er>Flanch</er>,

<er>Flange</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The fleshy or muscular

part of the side of an animal, between the rids and the hip. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Beef</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The side of an

army, or of any division of an army, as of a brigade, regiment,

or battalion; the extreme right or left; <as>as, to attack an

enemy in <ex>flank</ex> is to attack him on the side</as>.</def>



<q>When to right and left the front</q>

<q>Divided, and to either <qex>flank</qex> retired.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>That part of a bastion which

reaches from the curtain to the face, and defends the curtain,

the flank and face of the opposite bastion; any part of a work

defending another by a fire along the outside of its

parapet</def>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Bastion</er>.



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The side of any

building.</def>



<au>Brands.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That part of the acting surface of a gear wheel

tooth that lies within the pitch line.</def>



<cs><col>Flank attack</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an attack upon

the side of an army or body of troops, distinguished from one

upon its front or rear.</cd> -- <col>Flank company</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a certain number of troops drawn up on the

right or left of a battalion; usually grenadiers, light infantry,

or riflemen.</cd> -- <col>Flank defense</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>,

<cd>protection of a work against undue exposure to an enemy's

direct fire, by means of the fire from other works, sweeping the

ground in its front.</cd> -- <col>Flank en potence</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>any part of the right or left wing formed

at a projecting angle with the line.</cd> -- <col>Flank

files</col>, <cd>the first men on the right, and the last on the

left, of a company, battalion, etc.</cd> -- <col>Flank

march</col>, <cd>a march made parallel or obliquely to an enemy's

position, in order to turn it or to attack him on the flank.</cd>

-- <col>Flank movement</col>, <cd>a change of march by an army,

or portion of one, in order to turn one or both wings of the

enemy, or to take up a new position.</cd> -- <col>Flanks of a

frontier</col>, <cd>salient points in a national boundary,

strengthened to protect the frontier against hostile

incursion.</cd> -- <col>Flank patrol</col>, <cd>detachments

acting independently of the column of an army, but patrolling

along its flanks, to secure it against surprise and to observe

the movements of the enemy.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 567 -->



<hw>Flank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flanked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flanking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flanquer</ets>.

See <er>Flank</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Flanker</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stand at the flank or

side of; to border upon.</def>



<q>Stately colonnades are <qex>flanked</qex> with trees.</q>

<qau>Pitt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To overlook or command the flank of; to secure

or guard the flank of; to pass around or turn the flank of; to

attack, or threaten to attack; the flank of.</def>



<hw>Flank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To border; to

touch.</def>



<au>Bp. Butler.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be posted on the side.</def>



<hw>Flank"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, flanks, as a skirmisher or a body of troops sent out

upon the flanks of an army toguard a line of march, or a fort

projecting so as to command the side of an assailing body.</def>



<q>They threw out <qex>flankers</qex>, and endeavored to dislodge

their assailants.</q>

<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>



<hw>Flank"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flankered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flankering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Flank</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

defend by lateral fortifications.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attack sideways.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Fla"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>flanelle</ets>, cf. OF. <ets>flaine</ets> a pillowcase, a

mattress (?); fr. W. <ets>gwlanen</ets> flannel, fr.

<ets>gwlan</ets> wool; prob. akin to E. <ets>wool</ets>. Cf.

<er>Wool</er>.]</ety> <def>A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, of loose

texture.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Adam's flannel</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Adam</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Canton flannel</col>,

<col>Cotton flannel</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Cotton

flannel</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flan"neled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered or

wrapped in flannel.</def>



<hw>Flan"nen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made or

consisting of flannel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Flannen</xex> robes.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Flap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flappe</ets>, <ets>flap</ets>, blow, bly-flap; cf. D.

<ets>flap</ets>, and E. <ets>flap</ets>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Anything broad and limber that hangs loose, or that is

attached by one side or end and is easily moved; <as>as, the

<ex>flap</ex> of a garment</as>.</def>



<q>A cartilaginous <qex>flap</qex> upon the opening of the

larynx.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hinged leaf, as of a table or shutter.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The motion of anything broad and loose, or a

stroke or sound made with it; <as>as, the <ex>flap</ex> of a sail

or of a wing</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A disease in

the lips of horses.</def>



<cs><col>Flap tile</col>, <cd>a tile with a bent up portion, to

turn a corner or catch a drip.</cd> -- <col>Flap valve</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a valve which opens and shuts upon one

hinged side; a clack valve.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flapped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flapping</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob.

of imitative origin; cf. D. <ets>flappen</ets>, E.

<ets>flap</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>, flop, flippant, fillip.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat with a flap; to strike.</def>



<q>Yet let me <qex>flap</qex> this bug with gilded wings.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move, as something broad and flaplike;

<as>as, to <ex>flap</ex> the wings</as>; to let fall, as the brim

of a hat.</def>



<cs><col>To flap in the mouth</col>, <cd>to taunt.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>



<au>W. Cartwright.</au>



<hw>Flap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move as do

wings, or as something broad or loose; to fly with wings beating

the air.</def>



<q>The crows <qex>flapped</qex> over by twos and threes.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall and hang like a flap, as the brim of a

hat, or other broad thing.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<hw>Flap"drag`on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A game in which the players catch raisins out burning

brandy, and swallow them blazing.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing thus caught abd eaten.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<q>Cakes and ale, and <qex>flapdragtons</qex> and mummer's plays,

and all the happy sports of Christians night.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<hw>Flap"drag`on</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To swallow whole, as

a flapdragon; to devour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>See how the sea <qex>flapdragoned</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Flap"-eared`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

broad, loose, dependent ears.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flap"jack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A fklat cake turned on the griddle while cooking; a

griddlecake or pacake.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fried dough cake containing fruit; a

turnover.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Flap"-mouthed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

broad, hangling lips.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, flaps.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>Flipper</er>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>flapper</xex> of a porpoise.\'b8



<au>Buckley.</au>



<cs><col>Flapper skate</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

European skate (<spn>Raia intermedia</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Flare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flaring</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. Norw. <ets>flara</ets> to blaze, flame, adorn with

tinsel, dial. Sw. <ets>flasa upp</ets>, and E. <ets>flash</ets>,

or <ets>flacker</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To burn with an

unsteady or waving flame; <as>as, the candle

<ex>flares</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shine out with a sudden and unsteady light;

to emit a dazzling or painfully bright light.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To shine out with gaudy colors; to flaunt; to be

offensively bright or showy.</def>



<q>With ribbons pendant, <qex>flaring</qex> about her head.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be exosed to too much light.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Flaring</qex> in sunshine all the day.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To open or spread outwards; to project beyond

the perpendicular; <as>as, the sides of a bowl <ex>flare</ex>;

the bows of a ship <ex>flare</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>To flare up</col>, <cd>to become suddenly heated or

excited; to burst into a passion.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Flare</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An unsteady,

broad, offensive light.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spreading outward; <as>as, the <ex>flare</ex>

of a fireplace</as>.</def>



<hw>Flare</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Leaf of lard.</def> \'bdPig's

<xex>flare</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Flare"-up`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sudden

burst of anger or passion; an angry dispute.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Flar"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That flares; flaming or blazing unsteadily; shining out with

a dazzling light.</def>



<q>His [the sun's] <qex>flaring</qex> beams.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opening or speading outwards.</def>



<hw>Flar"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flaring

manner.</def>



<hw>Flash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flashed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>flaskien</ets>, <ets>vlaskien</ets> to pour, sprinkle, dial.

Sw. <ets>flasa</ets> to blaze, E. <ets>flush</ets>,

<ets>flare</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To burst or break forth

with a sudden and transient flood of flame and light; <as>as, the

lighting <ex>flashes</ex> vividly; the powder

<ex>flashed</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break forth, as a sudden flood of light; to

burst instantly and brightly on the sight; to show a momentary

brilliancy; to come or pass like a flash.</def>



<q>Names which have <qex>flashed</qex> and thundered as the watch

words of unumbered struggles.</q>

<qau>Talfourd.</qau>



<q>The object is made to <qex>flash</qex> upon the eye of the

mind.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<q>A thought <qex>floashed</qex> through me, which I clothed in

act.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To burst forth like a sudden flame; to break out

violently; to rush hastily.</def>



<q>Every hour

He <qex>flashes</qex> into one gross crime or other.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To flash in the pan</col>, <cd>to fail of success.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> See under <er>Flash</er>, a burst of

light.</cd></cs>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Flash</er>, <er>Glitter</er>, <er>Gleam</er>,

<er>Glisten</er>, <er>Glister</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Flash</xex> differs from <xex>glitter</xex> and

<xex>gleam</xex>, denoting a flood or wide extent of light. The

latter words may express the issuing of light from a small

object, or from a pencil of rays. <xex>Flash</xex> differs from

other words, also, in denoting suddenness of appearance and

disappearance. <xex>Flashing</xex> differs from

<xex>exploding</xex> or <xex>disploding</xex> in not being

accompanied with a loud report. To <xex>glisten</xex>, or

<xex>glister</xex>, is to shine with a soft and fitful luster, as

eyes suffused with tears, or flowers wet with dew.</usage>



<hw>Flash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

send out in flashes; to cause to burst forth with sudden flame or

light.</def>



<q>The chariot of paternal Deity,

<qex>Flashing</qex> thick flames.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To convey as by a flash; to light up, as by a

sudden flame or light; <as>as, to <ex>flash</ex> a message along

the wires; to <ex>flash</ex> conviction on the mind.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>To cover with a thin

layer, as objects of glass with glass of a different color. See

<er>Flashing</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To trick up in a showy manner.</def>



<q>Limning and <qex>flashing</qex> it with various dyes.</q>

<qau>A. Brewer.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Perh. due to confusion between <ets>flash</ets>

of light and <ets>plash</ets>, <ets>splash</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

strike and throw up large bodies of water from the surface; to

splash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He rudely <qex>flashed</qex> the waves about.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<cs><col>Flashed glass</col>. <cd>See <er>Flashing</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flashes</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden burst of light; a

flood of light instantaneously appearing and disappearing; a

momentary blaze; <as>as, a <ex>flash</ex> of

lightning</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden and brilliant burst, as of wit or

genius; a momentary brightness or show.</def>



<q>The <qex>flash</qex> and outbreak of a fiery mind.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>No striking sentiment, no <qex>flash</qex> of fancy.</q>

<qau>Wirt.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The time during which a flash is visible; an

instant; a very brief period.</def>



<q>The Persians and Macedonians had it for a

<qex>flash</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A preparation of capsicum, burnt sugar, etc.,

for coloring and giving a fictious strength to liquors.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Flash light</col>, <or/ <col>Flashing

light</col></mcol>, <cd>a kind of light shown by lighthouses,

produced by the revolution of reflectors, so as to show a flash

of light every few seconds, alternating with periods of

dimness.</cd>  <au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Flash in the pan</col>,

<cd>the flashing of the priming in the pan of a flintlock musket

without discharging the piece; hence, sudden, spasmodic effort

that accomplishes nothing.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flash</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Showy, but

counterfeit; cheap, pretentious, and vulgar; <as>as,

<ex>flash</ex> jewelry; <ex>flash</ex> finery.</as></def>

<-- different from flashy[3]?  Not much used late 1900's.  Perh.

because of sense 2? -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wearing showy, counterfeit ornaments; vulgarly

pretentious; <as>as, <ex>flash</ex> people; <ex>flash</ex> men or

women</as>; -- applied especially to thieves, gamblers, and

prostitutes that dress in a showy way and wear much cheap

jewelry.</def>



<cs><col>Flash house</col>, <cd>a house frequented by flash

people, as thieves and whores; hence, a brothel. \'bdA gang of

footpads, reveling with their favorite beauties at a <xex>flash

house<xex>.\'b8</cd>



<au>Macaulay.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Flash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Slang or cant of thieves and

prostitutes.</def>



<hw>Flash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>flasche</ets>,

<ets>flaske</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>flache</ets>, F.

<ets>flaque</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pool.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Haliwell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>A reservoir and

sluiceway beside a navigable stream, just above a shoal, so that

the stream may pour in water as boats pass, and thus bear them

over the shoal.</def>



<cs><col>Flash wheel</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a paddle wheel

made to revolve in a breast or curved water way, by which water

is lifted from the lower to the higher level.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flash"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A board

placed temporarily upon a milldam, to raise the water in the pond

above its usual level; a flushboard.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Flash"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, flashes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man of more appearance of wit than

reality.</def>

<-- 3. an exhibitionist -->



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large

sparoid fish of the Atlantic coast and all tropical seas

(<spn>Lobotes Surinamensis</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

European red-backed shrile (<spn>Lanius collurio</spn>); --

called also <altname>flusher</altname>.</def>



<hw>Flash"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

flashy manner; with empty show.</def>



<hw>Flash"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

flashy.</def>



<hw>Flash"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>The creation of an artifical flood

by the sudden letting in of a body of water; -- called also

<altname>flushing</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Pieces of metal, built into

the joints of a wall, so as to lap over the edge of the gutters

or to cover the edge of the roofing; also, similar pieces used to

cover the valleys of roofs of slate, shingles, or the like. By

extension, the metal covering of ridges and hips of roofs; also,

in the United States, the protecting of angles and breaks in

walls of frame houses with waterproof material, tarred paper, or

the like. Cf. <er>Filleting</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

reheating of an article at the furnace aperture during

manufacture to restore its plastic condition; esp., the reheating

of a globe of crown glass to allow it to assume a flat shape as

it is rotated.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mode of covering

transparent white glass with a film of colored glass.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>Flashing point</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>that degree

of temperature at which a volatile oil gives off vapor in

sufficient quantity to burn, or flash, on the approach of a

flame, used as a test of the comparative safety of oils, esp.

kerosene; a flashing point of 100<deg/ F. is regarded as a fairly

safe standard. The burning point of the oil is usually from ten

to thirty degree above the flashing point of its vapor.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flash"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Dazzling for a moment; making a momentary show of

brilliancy; transitorily bright.</def>



<q>A little <qex>flashy</qex> and transient pleasure.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fiery; vehement; impetuous.</def>



<q>A temper always <qex>flashy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Showy; gay; gaudy; <as>as, a <ex>flashy</ex>

dress</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Without taste or spirit.</def>



<q>Lean and <qex>flashy</qex> songs.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Flask</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>flasce</ets>, <ets>flaxe</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>flesch</ets>, OHG. <ets>flasca</ets>, G. <ets>flasche</ets>,

Icel. & Sw. <ets>flaska</ets>, Dan. <ets>flaske</ets>, OF.

<ets>flasche</ets>, LL. <ets>flasca</ets>, <ets>flasco</ets>; of

uncertain origin; cf. L. <ets>vasculum</ets>, dim. of

<ets>vas</ets> a vessel, Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/. Cf. <er>Flagon</er>,

<er>Flasket</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small bottle-shaped

vessel for holding fluids; <as>as, a <ex>flask</ex> of oil or

wine</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrow-necked vessel of metal or glass, used

for various purposes; as of sheet metal, to carry gunpowder in;

or of wrought iron, to contain quicksilver; or of glass, to heat

water in, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bed in a gun carriage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The wooden or iron frame

which holds the sand, etc., forming the mold used in a foundry;

it consists of two or more parts; viz., the <xex>cope</xex> or

top; sometimes, the <xex>cheeks</xex>, or middle part; and the

<xex>drag</xex>, or bottom part. When there are one or more

cheeks, the flask is called a <xex>three part flask</xex>,

<xex>four part flask</xex>, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Erlenmeyer flask</col>, <cd>a thin glass flask,

flat-bottomed and cone-shaped to allow of safely shaking its

contents laterally without danger of spilling; -- so called from

<xex>Erlenmeyer<xex>, a German chemist who invented it.</cd> --

<col>Florence flask</col>. <ety>[From <ets>Florence<ets> in

Italy.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as <er>Betty</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A glass flask, round or

pear-shaped, with round or flat bottom, and usually very thin to

allow of heating solutions.</cd> -- <col>Pocket flask</col>,

<cd>a kind of pocket dram bottle, often covered with metal or

leather to protect it from breaking.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flask"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>fflasged</ets> a vessel of straw or wickerwork,

<ets>fflasg</ets> flask, basket, and E. <ets>flask</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, shallow basket, with two handles.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>In which they gathered flowers to fill their

<qex>flasket</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small flask.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A vessel in which viands are served.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Flat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Flatter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Flattest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Akin to Icel. <ets>flatr</ets>, Sw. <ets>flat</ets>, Dan.

<ets>flad</ets>, OHG. <ets>flaz</ets>, and AS. <ets>flet</ets>

floor, G. <ets>fl\'94tz</ets> stratum, layer.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having an even and horizontal surface, or nearly so, without

prominences or depressions; level without inclination;

plane.</def>



<q>Though sun and moon

Were in the <qex>flat</qex> sea sunk.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lying at full length, or spread out, upon the

ground; level with the ground or earth; prostrate; <as>as, to lie

<ex>flat</ex> on the ground</as>; hence, fallen; laid low;

ruined; destroyed.</def>



<q>What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities <qex>flat</qex>!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>I feel . . . my hopes all <qex>flat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Wanting relief; destitute

of variety; without points of prominence and striking

interest.</def>



<q>A large part of the work is, to me, very <qex>flat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; <as>as,

fruit or drink <ex>flat</ex> to the taste</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Unanimated; dull; uninteresting; without point

or spirit; monotonous; <as>as, a <ex>flat</ex> speech or

composition</as>.</def>



<q>How weary, stale, <qex>flat</qex>, and unprofitable

Seem to me all the uses of this world.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Lacking liveliness of commercial exchange and

dealings; depressed; dull; <as>as, the market is

<ex>flat</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Clear; unmistakable; peremptory; absolute;

positive; downright.</def>



<q><qex>Flat</qex> burglary as ever was committed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A great tobacco taker too, -- that's <qex>flat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Below the true

pitch; hence, as applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half

step; <as>as, a <ex>flat</ex> seventh; A

<ex>flat</ex>.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not sharp or shrill;

not acute; <as>as, a <ex>flat</ex> sound</as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Sonant; vocal; -- applied

to any one of the sonant or vocal consonants, as distinguished

from a nonsonant (or <xex>sharp</xex>) consonant.</def>



<cs><col>Flat arch</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Arch</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2. (<it>b</it>).</cd> -- <col>Flat

cap</col>, <cd>cap paper, not folded. See under

<er>Paper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flat chasing</col>, <cd>in fine art

metal working, a mode of ornamenting silverware, etc., producing

figures by dots and lines made with a punching tool.</cd>

<au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Flat chisel</col>, <cd>a sculptor's

chisel for smoothing.</cd> -- <col>Flat file</col>, <cd>a file

wider than its thickness, and of rectangular section. See

<er>File</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flat nail</col>, <cd>a small,

sharp-pointed, wrought nail, with a flat, thin head, larger than

a tack.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Flat paper</col>, <cd>paper

which has not been folded.</cd> -- <col>Flat rail</col>, <cd>a

railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar spiked to a

longitudinal sleeper.</cd> -- <col>Flat rods</col>

<fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>horizontal or inclined connecting rods,

for transmitting motion to pump rods at a distance.</cd>

<au>Raymond.</au> -- <col>Flat rope</col>, <cd>a rope made by

plaiting instead of twisting; gasket; sennit.</cd>  <note>Some

flat hoisting ropes, as for mining shafts, are made by sewing

together a number of ropes, making a wide, flat band</note>.

<au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Flat space</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld>

<cd>See <cref>Euclidian space</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Flat

stitch</col>, <cd>the process of wood engraving.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Flat tint</col></mcol>

<fld>(Painting)</fld>, <cd>a coat of water color of one uniform

shade.</cd> -- <col>To fall flat</col> <mark>(Fig.)</mark>,

<cd>to produce no effect; to fail in the intended effect; as, his

speech <xex>fell flat<xex>.</cd>



<q>Of all who fell by saber or by shot,

Not one <qex>fell</qex> half so <qex>flat</qex> as Walter

Scott.</q>

<qau>Lord Erskine.</qau>

</cs>



<hw>Flat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a

flat manner; directly; flatly.</def>



<q>Sin is <qex>flat</qex> opposite to the Almighty.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>Without allowance

for accrued interest.</def> <mark>[Broker's Cant]</mark>



<-- p. 568 -->



<hw>Flat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A level surface,

without elevation, relief, or prominences; an extended plain;

specifically, in the United States, a level tract along the along

the banks of a river; <as>as, the Mohawk

<ex>Flats</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Envy is as the sunbeams that beat hotter upon a bank, or steep

rising ground, than upon a <qex>flat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<-- p. 568 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A level tract lying at little depth below the

surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the

tide; a shoal; a shallow; a strand.</def>



<q>Half my power, this night

Passing these <qex>flats</qex>, are taken by the tide.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something broad and flat in form</def>; as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flat-bottomed boat, without keel, and of

small draught</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A straw hat, broad-brimmed

and low-crowned</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Railroad Mach.)</fld>

<def>A car without a roof, the body of which is a platform

without sides; a platform car</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A platform

on wheel, upon which emblematic designs, etc., are carried in

processions.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The flat part, or side, of anything; as, the

broad side of a blade, as distinguished from its edge.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A floor, loft, or story in a

building; especially, a floor of a house, which forms a complete

residence in itself<-- an apartment taking up a whole floor

-->.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A horizontal vein or ore

deposit auxiliary to a main vein; also, any horizontal portion of

a vein not elsewhere horizontal.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A dull fellow; a simpleton; a numskull.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Or if you can not make a speech,

Because you are a <qex>flat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Holmes.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A character [<flat/] before a

note, indicating a tone which is a half step or semitone

lower.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A homaloid space or

extension.</def>



<hw>Flat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flatted</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flatting</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make flat; to

flatten; to level.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to

depress.</def>



<q>Passions are allayed, appetites are <qex>flatted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To depress in tone, as a musical note;

especially, to lower in pitch by half a tone.</def>



<hw>Flat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become flat,

or flattened; to sink or fal to an even surface.</def>



<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To fall form the pitch.</def>



<cs><col>To flat out</col>, <cd>to fail from a promising

beginning; to make a bad ending; to disappoint expectations.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs><-- = to fall flat -->



<hw>Flat"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus

<spn>Flatyrynchus</spn>. They belong to the family of

flycatchers.</def>



<hw>Flat"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boat with

a flat bottom and square ends; -- used for the transportation of

bulky freight, especially in shallow waters.</def>



<hw>Flat"-bot`tomed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

an even lower surface or bottom; <as>as, a <ex>flat-bottomed</ex>

boat</as>.</def>



<hw>Flat"-cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

low-crowned cap formerly worn by all classes in England, and

continued in London after disuse elsewhere; -- hence, a citizen

of London.</def>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Flat"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fish of the family

<spn>Pleuronectid\'91</spn>; esp., the winter flounder

(<spn>Pleuronectes Americanus</spn>). The flatfishes have the

body flattened, swim on the side, and have eyes on one side, as

the flounder, turbot, and halibut. See <er>Flounder</er>.</def>



<hw>Flat" foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A foot

in which the arch of the instep is flattened so that the entire

sole of the foot rests upon the ground; also, the deformity,

usually congential, exhibited by such a foot; splayfoot.</def>



<hw>Flat"-foot`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a

flat foot, with little or no arch of the instep.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Firm-footed; determined.</def> <mark>[Slang,

U.S.]</mark>

<-- catch flat-footed = catch unprepared -->



<hw>Flat"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by flatness of head, especially that produced

by artificial means, as a certain tribe of American

Indians.</def>



<hw>Flat"head`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A

Chinook Indian. See <er>Chinook</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>



<hw>Flat"-heat`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

head with a flattened top; <as>as, a <ex>flat-headed</ex>

nail</as>.</def>



<hw>Flat"i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An iron with

a flat, smooth surface for ironing clothes.</def>



<hw>Fla"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flare</ets>, <ets>flatum</ets> to blow.]</ety>

<def>Producing wind; flatulent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>A. Brewer.</au>



<hw>Flat"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Flat</ets>, <pos>a.</pos> + adverbial suff.

<ets>-ing</ets>.]</ety> <def>With the flat side, as of a sword;

flatlong; in a prostrate position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Flat"long</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>; 115), <xex>adv</xex>. With

the flat side downward; not edgewise.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flat"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flat manner; evenly;

horizontally; without spirit; dully; frigidly; peremptori;y;

positively, plainly.</def> \'bdHe <xex>flatly</xex> refused his

aid.\'b8



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<q>He that does the works of religion slowly, <qex>flatly</qex>,

and without appetite.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Flat"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or

state of being flat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Eveness of surface; want of relief or

prominence; the state of being plane or level.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Want of vivacity or spirit; prostration;

dejection; depression.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Want of variety or flavor; dullness;

inspidity.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Depression of tone; the state of being below the

true pitch; -- opposed to <xex>sharpness</xex> or

<xex>acuteness</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fla*tour"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.]</ety>

<def>A flatterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flat"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flattened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flattening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Flat</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reduce to an even

surface or one approaching evenness; to make flat; to level; to

make plane.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw down; to bring to the ground; to

prostrate; hence, to depress; to deject; to dispirit.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make vapid or insipid; to render stale.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To lower the pitch of; to

cause to sound less sharp; to let fall from the pitch.</def>



<cs><col>To flatten a sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to set

it more nearly fore-and-aft of the vessel.</cd> --

<col>Flattening oven</col>, <cd>in glass making, a heated chamber

in which split glass cylinders are flattened for window

glass.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flat"ten</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become or grow flat,

even, depressed dull, vapid, spiritless, or depressed below

pitch.</def>



<hw>Flat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, makes flat or flattens.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

flat-faced fulling hammer.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drawplate

with a narrow, rectangular orifice, for drawing flat strips, as

watch springs, etc.</def>



<hw>Flat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flattered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flateren</ets>,

cf. OD. <ets>flatteren</ets>; akin to G. <ets>flattern</ets> to

flutter, Icel. <ets>fla<?/ra</ets> to fawn, flatter: cf. F.

<ets>flatter</ets>. Cf. <er>Flitter</er>, <er>Flutter</er>,

<er>Flattery</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To treat with praise

or blandishments; to gratify or attempt to gratify the self-love

or vanity of, esp. by artful and interested commendation or

attentions; to blandish; to cajole; to wheedle.</def>



<q>When I tell him he hates flatterers,

He says he does, being then most <qex>flattered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A man that <qex>flattereth</qex> his neighbor, spreadeth a net

for his feet.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxix. 5.</qau>



<q>Others he <qex>flattered</qex> by asking their advice.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To raise hopes in; to encourage or favorable,

but sometimes unfounded or deceitful, representations.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To portray too favorably; to give a too

favorable idea of; <as>as, his portrait <ex>flatters</ex>

him</as>.</def>



<hw>Flat"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use flattery or

insincere praise.</def>



<q>If it may stand him more in stead to lie,

Say and unsay, feign, <qex>flatter</qex>, or adjure.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Flat"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

flatters.</def>



<q>The most abject <qex>flaterers</qex> degenerate into the

greatest tyrants.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Flat"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That flatters (in the

various senses of the verb); <as>as, a <ex>flattering</ex>

speech</as>.</def>



<q>Lay not that <qex>flattering</qex> unction to your soul.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A <qex>flattering</qex> painter, who made it his care,

To draw men as they ought be, not as they are.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Flat"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

flattery.</def>



<hw>Flat"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flatteries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>flaterie</ets>, OF. <ets>flaterie</ets>, F.

<ets>flaterie</ets>, fr. <ets>flater</ets> to flatter, F.

<ets>flatter</ets>; of uncertain origin. See <er>Flatter</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act or practice of flattering;

the act of pleasing by artiful commendation or compliments;

adulation; false, insincere, or excessive praise.</def>



<q>Just praise is only a debt, but <qex>flattery</qex> is a

present.</q>

<qau>Rambler.</qau>



<q><qex>Flattery</qex> corrupts both the receiver and the

giver.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Adulation; compliment; obsequiousness. See

<er>Adulation</er>.</syn>



<hw>Flat"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The process or operation of making flat, as a cylinder of

glass by opening it out.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mode of painting,in which the paint, being

mixed with turpentine, leaves the work without gloss.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A method of preserving gilding unburnished, by

touching with size.</def>



<au>Knolles.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The process of forming metal into sheets by

passing it between rolls.</def>



<cs><col>Flatting coat</col>, <cd>a coat of paint so put on as to

have no gloss.</cd> -- <col>Flatting furnace</col>. <cd>Same as

<xex>Flattening oven<xex>, under <er>Flatten</er>.</cd> --

<col>Flatting mill</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A rolling mill

producing sheet metal; esp., in mints, the ribbon from which the

planchets are punched.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A mill in which

grains of metal are flatted by steel rolls, and reduced to

metallic dust, used for purposes of ornamentation.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flat"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat

flat.</def>



<au>Woodward.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Flat"u*lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Flat"*len*cy</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>flatulence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being

flatulent.</def>



<hw>Flat"u*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flatus</ets> a blowing, <ets>flatus ventris</ets> windiness,

flatulence, fr. <ets>flare</ets> to blow: cf. F.

<ets>flatulent</ets>. See <er>Blow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Affected with flatus or gases generated in the alimentary

canal; windy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Generating, or tending to generate, wind in the

stomach.</def>



<q>Vegetables abound more with a\'89rial particles than animal

substances, and therefore are more <qex>flatulent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Turgid with flatus; <as>as, a <ex>flatulent</ex>

tumor</as>.</def>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Pretentious without substance or reality; puffy;

empty; vain; <as>as, a <ex>flatulent</ex> vanity</as>.</def>



<q>He is too <qex>flatulent</qex> sometimes, and sometimes too

dry.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Flat"u*lent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flatulent

manner; with flatulence.</def>



<hw>Flat`u*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>flatuosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flatulence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Flat"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>flatueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Windy; generating wind.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fla"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Flatuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Flatus</plw></plu>.

<ety>[L., fr. <ets>flare</ets> to blow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

breath; a puff of wind.</def>



<au>Clarke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wind or gas generated in the stomach or other

cavities of the body.</def>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<hw>Flat"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. <or/ adv.</pos>

<def>With the flat side downward, or next to another object; not

edgewise.</def>



<hw>Flat"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any worm belonging to the

Plathelminthes; also, sometimes applied to the planarians.</def>



<hw>Flaun"drish</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Flemish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flaunt</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flaunted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos>. <er>Flaunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

dial. G. <ets>flandern</ets> to flutter, wave; perh. akin to E.

<ets>flatter</ets>, <ets>flutter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To throw or

spread out; to flutter; to move ostentatiously; <as>as, a

<ex>flaunting</ex> show</as>.</def>



<q>You <qex>flaunt</qex> about the streets in your new gilt

chariot.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<q>One <qex>flaunts</qex> in rags, one flutters in brocade.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Flaunt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To display ostentatiously;

to make an impudent show of.</def>



<hw>Flaunt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything displayed for

show.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In these my borrowed <qex>flaunts</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Flaunt"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flaunting

way.</def>



<hw>Flau"tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>flauto</ets> a flute See <er>Flute</er>.]</ety> <def>A

player on the flute; a flutist.</def>



<hw>\'d8Flau"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<def>A flute.</def>



<cs><col>Flaute piccolo</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[It., little

flute]</ety>, <cd>an octave flute.</cd> -- <col>Flauto

traverso</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[It., transverse flute]</ety>,

<cd>the German flute, held laterally, instead of being played,

like the old <xex>fl\'96te a bec<xex>, with a mouth piece at the

end.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fla*van"i*line</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>flavus</ets> yellow + E. <ets>aniline</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline, organic dyestuff,

<chform>C16H14N2</chform>, of artifical production. It is a

strong base, and is a complex derivative of aniline and

quinoline.</def>



<hw>Fla*ves"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flavescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>flavescere</ets> to turn

yellow.]</ety> <def>Turning yellow; yellowish.</def>



<hw>Fla*vic"o*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flavicomus</ets>; <ets>flavus</ets> yellow + <ets>coma</ets>

hair.]</ety> <def>Having yellow hair.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fla"vin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flavus</ets> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

yellow, vegetable dyestuff, resembling quercitron.</def>



<hw>Fla"vine</hw> <pr>(?; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline, organic base,

<chform>C13H12N2O</chform>, obtained artificially.</def>



<hw>Fla"vol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flavus</ets> yellow + <ets>-oil</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline substance, obtained

from anthraquinone, and regarded as a hydroxyl derivative of

it.</def>



<hw>Fla"vor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fleur</ets>, <ets>flaur</ets> (two syllables), odor, cf. F.

<ets>fleurer</ets> to emit an odor, It. <ets>flatore</ets> a bad

odor, prob. fr. L. <ets>flare</ets> to bow, whence the sense of

<ets>exhalation</ets>. Cf. <er>Blow</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>flavour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That quality

of anything which affects the smell; odor; fragrances; <as>as,

the <ex>flavor</ex> of a rose</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That quality of anything which affects the

taste; that quality which gratifies the palate; relish; zest;

savor; <as>as, the <ex>flavor</ex> of food or drink</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which imparts to anything a peculiar odor

or taste, gratifying to the sense of smell, or the nicer

perceptions of the palate; a substance which flavors.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That quality which gives character to any of the

productions of literature or the fine arts.</def>



<hw>Fla"vor</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flavored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flavoring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give flavor to;

to add something (as salt or a spice) to, to give character or

zest.</def>



<hw>Fla"vored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

distinct flavor; <as>as, high-<ex>flavored</ex> wine</as>.</def>



<hw>Fla"vor*les</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without

flavor; tasteless.</def>



<hw>Fla"vor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Imparting

flavor; pleasant to the taste or smell; sapid.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fla"vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flavus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flai</ets>, <ets>flaw</ets> flake; cf. Sw. <ets>flaga</ets>

flaw, crack, breach, flake, D. <ets>vlaag</ets> gust of wind,

Norw. <ets>flage</ets>, <ets>flaag</ets>, and E. <ets>flag</ets>

a flat stone.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A crack or breach; a gap or

fissure; a defect of continuity or cohesion; <as>as, a

<ex>flaw</ex> in a knife or a vase</as>.</def>



<q>This heart

Shall break into a hundered thousand <qex>flaws</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A defect; a fault; <as>as, a <ex>flaw</ex> in

reputation; a <ex>flaw</ex> in a will, in a deed, or in a

statute.</as></def>



<q>Has not this also its <qex>flaws</qex> and its dark side?</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sudden burst of noise and disorder; a tumult;

uproar; a quarrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And deluges of armies from the town

Came pouring in; I heard the mighty <qex>flaw</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sudden burst or gust of wind of short

duration.</def>



<q>Snow, and hail, and stormy gust and <qex>flaw</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Like <qex>flaws</qex> in summer laying lusty corn.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Blemish; fault; imoerfection; spot; speck.</syn>



<hw>Flaw</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flawed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flawing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To crack; to make

flaws in.</def>



<q>The brazen caldrons with the frosts are <qex>flawed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break; to violate; to make of no

effect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>France hath <qex>flawed</qex> the league.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Flaw"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from flaws.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Flawn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>flaon</ets>, F. <ets>flan</ets>, LL. <ets>flado</ets>, fr.

OHG. <ets>flado</ets>, G. <ets>fladen</ets>, a sort of pancake;

cf. Gr. <?/ broad. See <er>Place</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of flat

custard or pie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Flaw"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Flay</er>.]</ety> <def>To scrape o<?/ pare, as a skin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Flaw"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full

of flaws or cracks; broken; defective; faulty.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Subject to sudden flaws or gusts of wind.</def>



<hw>Flax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fleax</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vlas</ets>, <ets>OHG</ets>.

<ets>flahs</ets>, G. <ets>flachs</ets>, and prob. to

<ets>flechten</ets> to braid, plait,m twist, L.

<ets>plectere</ets> to weave, <ets>plicare</ets> to fold, Gr. <?/

to weave, plait. See <er>Ply</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Linum</spn>,

esp. the <spn>L. usitatissimum</spn>, which has a single, slender

stalk, about a foot and a half high, with blue flowers. The fiber

of the bark is used for making thread and cloth, called

<xex>linen</xex>, <xex>cambric</xex>, <xex>lawn</xex>,

<xex>lace</xex>, etc. Linseed oil is expressed from the

seed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The skin or fibrous part of the flax plant, when

broken and cleaned by hatcheling or combing.</def>



<cs><col>Earth flax</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>amianthus.</cd>

-- <col>Flax brake</col>, <cd>a machine for removing the woody

portion of flax from the fibrous.</cd> -- <col>Flax comb</col>,

<cd>a hatchel, hackle, or heckle.</cd> -- <col>Flax cotton</col>,

<cd>the fiber of flax, reduced by steeping in bicarbinate of soda

and acidulated liquids, and prepared for bleaching and spinning

like cotton.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Flax dresser</col>,

<cd>one who breaks and swingles flax, or prepares it for the

spinner.</cd> -- <col>Flax mill</col>, <cd>a mill or factory

where flax is spun or linen manufactured.</cd> -- <col>Flax

puller</col>, <cd>a machine for pulling flax plants in the

field.</cd> -- <col>Flax wench</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A woman

who spins flax.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

prostitute. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Shak.</au> --

<col>Mountain flax</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>amianthus.</cd>

-- <col>New Zealand flax</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Flax-plant</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flax"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of flax;

resembling flax or its fibers; of the color of flax; of a light

soft straw color; fair and flowing, like flax or tow; <as>as,

<ex>flaxen</ex> thread; <ex>flaxen</ex> hair.</as></def>



<hw>Flax"-plant`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant in new Zealand (<spn>Phormium

tenax</spn>), allied to the lilies and aloes. The leaves are two

inches wide and several feet long, and furnish a fiber which is

used for making ropes, mats, and coarse cloth.</def>



<hw>Flax"seed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The seed of

the flax; linseed.</def>



<hw>Flax"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Toadflax</er>.</def>



<hw>Flax"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like flax;

flaxen.</def>



<au>Sir M. Sandys.</au>



<hw>Flay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flayed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flaying</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>flean</ets>, <ets>flan</ets>, AS.

<ets>fle\'a0n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vlaen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>fl\'be</ets>, Sw. <ets>fl\'86</ets>, Dan. <ets>flaae</ets>,

cf. Lith. <ets>ples<?/</ets> to tear, <ets>plyszti</ets>, v.i.,

to burst tear; perh. akin to E. <ets>flag</ets> to flat stone,

<ets>flaw</ets>.]</ety> <def>To skin; to strip off the skin or

surface of; <as>as, to <ex>flay</ex> an ox; to <ex>flay</ex> the

green earth.</as></def>



<q>With her nails

She 'll <qex>flay</qex> thy wolfish visage.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<-- p. 569 -->



<hw>Flay"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who strips

off the skin.</def>



<hw>Flea</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Flay</er>.]</ety> <def>To flay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He will be <qex>fleaced</qex> first

And horse collars made of's skin.</q>

<qau>J. Fletcher.</qau>



<hw>Flea</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fle</ets>,

<ets>flee</ets>, AS. <ets>fle\'a0</ets>, <ets>fle\'a0h</ets>;

akin to D. <?/, OHG. <ets>fl<?/h</ets>, G. floh, Icel.

<ets>fl<?/</ets>, Russ. <ets>blocha</ets>; prob. from the root of

E. <ets>flee</ets>. <?/ 84. See <er>Flee</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect belonging to the genus

Pulex, of the order Aphaniptera. Fleas are destitute of wings,

but have the power of leaping energetically. The bite is

poisonous to most persons. The human flea (<spn>Pulex

irritans</spn>), abundant in Europe, is rare in America, where

the dog flea (<spn>P. canis</spn>) takes its place. See

<er>Aphaniptera</er>, and <er>Dog flea</er>. See

<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<cs><col>A flea in the ear</col>, <cd>an unwelcome hint or

unexpected reply, annoying like a flea; an irritating repulse;

as, to put a <xex>flea in one's ear<xex>; to go away with <xex>a

flea in one's ear<xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Beach flea</col>,

<col>Black flea</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Beach</er>,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flea"bane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>One of various plants, supposed to have efficacy in driving

away fleas. They belong, for the most part, to the genera

<spn>Conyza</spn>, <spn>Erigeron</spn>, and

<spn>Pulicaria</spn>.</def>



<hw>Flea"-bee`tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small beetle of the family

<spn>Halticid\'91</spn>, of many species. They have strong

posterior legs and leap like fleas. The turnip flea-beetle

(<spn>Phyllotreta vittata</spn>) and that of the grapevine

(<spn>Graptodera chalybea</spn>) are common injurious

species.</def>



<hw>Flea"-bite`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The bite of a flea, or the red spot caused by the

bite.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trifling wound or pain, like that of the bite

of a flea.</def>



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>Flea"-bit`ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Bitten by a flea; <as>as, a <ex>flea-bitten</ex>

face</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>White, flecked with minute dots of bay or

sorrel; -- said of the color of a horse.</def>



<hw>Fleagh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Fly</er>.</def>



<hw>Fleak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flake; a thread

or twist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Little long <qex>fleaks</qex> or threads of hemp.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<hw>Fleak"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A light covering of reeds,

over which the main covering is laid, in thatching houses.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Flea"-louse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A jumping plant louse of the family

<spn>Psyllid\'91</spn>, of many species. That of the pear tree is

<spn>Psylla pyri</spn>.</def>



<hw>Fleam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>flamme</ets>, OF. <ets>flieme</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>flevotomum</ets>, <ets>phlebotomum</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>vlijm</ets>. See <er>Phlebotomy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg. &

Far.)</fld> <def>A sharp instrument used for opening veins,

lancing gums, etc.; a kind of lancet.</def>



<cs><col>Fleam tooth</col>, <cd>a tooth of a saw shaped like an

isosceles triangle; a peg tooth.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Fleam"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bloody;

clotted.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>



<q>Foamy bubbling of a <qex>fleamy</qex> brain.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Flear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fleer</er>.</def>



<hw>Flea"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>An herb used in medicine (<spn>Plantago Psyllium</spn>),

named from the shape of its seeds.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fl\'8ache</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fl\'8ache</ets>, prop., an arrow.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>

<def>A simple fieldwork, consisting of two faces forming a

salient angle pointing outward and open at the gorge.</def>



<hw>Fleck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flake; also, a

lock, as of wool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Martin.</au>



<hw>Fleck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>flekkr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>fl\'84ck</ets>, D.

<ets>vlek</ets>, G. <ets>fleck</ets>, and perh. to E.

<ets>flitch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A spot; a streak; a speckle.</def>

\'bdA sunny <xex>fleck</xex>.\'b8



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<q>Life is dashed with <qex>flecks</qex> of sin.</q>

<qau>tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Fleck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flecked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flecking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>flekka</ets>, Sw. <ets>fl\'84cka</ets>, D.

<ets>vlekken</ets>, <ets>vlakken</ets>, G. <ets>flecken</ets>.

See <er>Fleck</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To spot; to streak

or stripe; to variegate; to dapple.</def>



<q>Both <qex>flecked</qex> with white, the true Arcadian

strain.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>A bird, a cloud, <qex>flecking</qex> the sunny air.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<hw>Fleck"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

fleck.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fleck"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without spot or

blame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>My consnience will not count me <qex>fleckless</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Flec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Flexion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of bending, or

state of being bent.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The variation of words by declension,

comparison, or conjugation; inflection.</def>



<hw>Flec"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of, or pertaining to, flection or inflection.</def>



<q>A <qex>flectional</qex> word is a phrase in the bud.</q>

<qau>Earle.</qau>



<hw>Flec"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

flexor.</def>



<hw>Fled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Flee</er>.</def>



<hw>Fledge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flegge</ets>, <ets>flygge</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vlug</ets>,

G. <ets>fl\'81gge</ets>, <ets>fl\'81cke</ets>, OHG.

<ets>flucchi</ets>, Icel. <ets>fleygr</ets>, and to E.

<ets>fly</ets>. <?/ 84. See <er>Fly</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Feathered; furnished with feathers or wings; able to

fly.</def>



<q>H<?/ shoulders, <qex>fledge</qex> with wings.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fledge</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fledged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fledging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

furnish with feathers; to supply with the feathers necessary for

flight.</def>



<q>The birds were not as yet <qex>fledged</qex> enough to shift

for themselves.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish or adorn with any soft

covering.</def>



<q>Your master, whose chin is not yet <qex>fledged</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fledge"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young

bird just fledged.</def>



<hw>Flee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fleeing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>fleon</ets>, <ets>fleen</ets>, AS.

<ets>fle\'a2n</ets> (<ets>imperf</ets>. <ets>fle\'a0h</ets>);

akin to D. <ets>vlieden</ets>, OHG. & <ets>OS</ets>.

<ets>fliohan</ets>, G. <ets>fliehen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>fl<?/ja</ets> (imperf. <ets>fl<?/<?/i</ets>), Dan.

<ets>flye</ets>, Sw. <ets>fly</ets> (imperf. <ets>flydde</ets>),

Goth. <ets>pliuhan</ets>. (<?/) 84. Cf. <er>Flight</er>.]</ety>

<def>To run away, as from danger or evil; to avoid in an alarmed

or cowardly manner; to hasten off; -- usually with

<xex>from</xex>. This is sometimes omitted, making the verb

transitive.</def>



<q>[He] cowardly <qex>fled</qex>, not having struck one

stroke.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Flee</qex> fornication.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. vi. 18.</qau>



<q>So <qex>fled</qex> his enemies my warlike father.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ When great speed is to be indicated, we commonly use

<xex>fly</xex>, not <xex>flee</xex>; as, <xex>fly</xex> hence to

France with the utmost speed. \'bdWhither shall I <xex>fly</xex>

to 'scape their hands?\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> See <er>Fly</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>, 5.</note>



<hw>Fleece</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flees</ets>, AS. <ets>fle\'a2s</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>flies</ets>, <ets>vlies</ets> .]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

entire coat of wood that covers a sheep or other similar animal;

also, the quantity shorn from a sheep, or animal, at one

time.</def>



<q>Who shore me

Like a tame wether, all my precious <qex>fleece</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any soft woolly covering resembling a

fleece.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>The fine web of cotton or

wool removed by the doffing knife from the cylinder of a carding

machine.</def>



<cs><col>Fleece wool</col>, <cd>wool shorn from the sheep.</cd>

-- <col>Golden fleece</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Golden</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fleece</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fleeced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fleecing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

deprive of a fleece, or natural covering of wool.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strip of money or other property unjustly,

especially by trickery or frand; to bring to straits by

oppressions and exactions.</def>



<q>Whilst pope and prince shared the wool betwixt them, the

people were finely <qex>fleeced</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To spread over as with wool.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>Fleeced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Furnished with a fleece; <as>as, a sheep is well

<ex>fleeced</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stripped of a fleece; plundered; robbed.</def>



<hw>Fleece"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

fleece.</def>



<hw>Flee"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fleeces or strips unjustly, especially by trickery or

fraund.</def>



<au>Prynne.</au>



<hw>Flee"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with,

made of, or resembling, a fleece.</def> \'bd<xex>Fleecy</xex>

flocks.\'b8



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Fleen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def><pos>Obs.

pl.</pos> of <er>Flea</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fle"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

flees.</def>



<au>Ld. Berners.</au>



<hw>Fleer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Fleered</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fleering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flerien</ets>; cf.

Scot. <ets>fleyr</ets>, Norw. <ets>flira</ets> to titter, giggle,

laugh at nothing, MHG. <ets>vlerre</ets>, <ets>vlarre</ets>, a

wide wound.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a wry face in

contempt, or to grin in scorn; to deride; to sneer; to mock; to

gibe; <as>as, to <ex>fleer</ex> and flout</as>.</def>



<q>To <qex>fleer</qex> and scorn at our solemnity.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grin with an air of civility; to leer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Grinning and <qex>fleering</qex> as though they went to a bear

baiting.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Fleer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mock; to flout at.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Flear</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A word or look of

derision or mockery.</def>



<q>And mark the <qex>fleers</qex>, the gibes, and notable

scorn.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grin of civility; a leer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A sly, treacherous <qex>fleer</qex> on the face of

deceivers.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Fleer"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fleers.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Fleer"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fleering

manner.</def>



<hw>Fleet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fleeted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Fleeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fleten</ets>, <ets>fleoten</ets>, to swim, AS.

<ets>fle\'a2tan</ets> to swim, float; akin to D.

<ets>vlieten</ets> to flow, OS. <ets>fliotan</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fliozzan</ets>, G. <ets>fliessen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>flj<omac/ta</ets> to float, flow, Sw. <ets>flyta</ets>, D.

<ets>flyde</ets>, L. <ets>pluere</ets> to rain, Gr. <?/ to sail,

swim, float, Skr. <ets>plu</ets> to swim, sail. <root/84. Cf.

<er>Fleet</er>, <pos>n.</pos> & <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Float</er>,

<er>Pluvial</er>, <er>Flow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sail;

to float.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And in frail wood on Adrian Gulf doth <qex>fleet</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fly swiftly; to pass over quickly; to hasten;

to flit as a light substance.</def>



<q>All the unaccomplished works of Nature's hand, . . . 

Dissolved on earth, <qex>fleet</qex> hither.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To slip on the whelps or the

barrel of a capstan or windlass; -- said of a cable or

hawser.</def>



<hw>Fleet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass over

rapidly; to skin the surface of; <as>as, a ship that

<ex>fleets</ex> the gulf</as>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hasten over; to cause to pass away lighty, or

in mirth and joy.</def>



<q>Many young gentlemen flock to him, and <qex>fleet</qex> the

time carelessly.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To draw apart

the blocks of; -- said of a tackle.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To cause to slip down the barrel of a capstan

or windlass, as a rope or chain</def>.



<hw>Fleet</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Fleeter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Fleetest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>flj<?/tr</ets> quick. See <er>Fleet</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Swift in motion; moving with

velocity; light and quick in going from place to place;

nimble.</def>



<q>In mail their horses clad, yet <qex>fleet</qex> and

strong.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Light; superficially thin; not penetring deep,

as soil.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Fleet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>flete</ets>,

<ets>fleote</ets>, AS. <ets>fle\'a2t</ets> ship, fr.

<ets>fle\'a2tan</ets> to float, swim. See <er>Fleet</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos> and cf. <er>Float</er>.]</ety> <def>A number of vessels

in company, especially war vessels; also, the collective naval

force of a country, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Fleet captain</col>, <cd>the senior aid of the admiral

of a fleet, when a captain.</cd></cs>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Fleet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>fle\'a2t</ets> a

place where vessels float, bay, river; akin to D.

<ets>vliet</ets> rill, brook, G. <ets>fliess</ets>. See

<er>Fleet</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A flood;

a creek or inlet; a bay or estuary; a river; -- obsolete, except

as a place name, -- as <xex>Fleet</xex> Street in London.</def>



<q>Together wove we nets to entrap the fish

In floods and sedgy <qex>fleets</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matthewes.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A former prison in London, which originally

stood near a stream, the <xex>Fleet</xex> (now filled up).</def>



<cs><col>Fleet parson</col>, <cd>a clergyman of low character,

in, or in the vicinity of, the Fleet prison, who was ready to

unite persons in marriage (called <xex>Fleet marriage<xex>) at

any hour, without public notice, witnesses, or consent of

parents.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fleet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fl<emac/t</ets> cream, fr. <ets>fle\'a2tan</ets> to float.

See <er>Fleet</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To take the

cream from; to skim.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fleet"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fleeted or

skimmed milk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>Fleeten face</col>, <cd>a face of the color of fleeten,

<it>i. e.</it>, blanched; hence, a coward. \'bdYou know where you

are, you <xex>fleeten face<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Fleet"-foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swift of

foot.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fleet"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Passing swiftly away; not

durable; transient; transitory; <as>as, the <ex>fleeting</ex>

hours or moments</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Evanescent; ephemeral. See <er>Transient</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fleet"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fleeting manner;

swiftly.</def>



<hw>Fleet"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A

mixture of buttermilk and boiling whey; curds.</def> <mark>[prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Fleet"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fleet manner;

rapidly.</def>



<hw>Fleet"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Swiftness; rapidity;

velocity; celerity; speed; <as>as, the <ex>fleetness</ex> of a

horse or of time</as>.</def>



<hw>Fleigh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Fly</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fleme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fl<emac/man</ets>, <ets>fl<ymac/man</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

banish; to drive out; to expel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdAppetite <xex>flemeth discretion</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flem"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, banishes or expels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flem"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or

inhabitant of Flanders.</def>



<hw>Flem"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

Flanders, or the Flemings.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The

language or dialect spoken by the Flemings; also, collectively,

the people of Flanders.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Flemish accounts</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>short or

deficient accounts. <mark>[Humorous]</mark></cd><au>Ham. Nav.

Encyc.</au> -- <col>Flemish beauty</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

well known pear. It is one of few kinds which have a red color on

one side.</cd> -- <col>Flemish bond</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Bond</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 8.</cd> -- <col>Flemish

brick</col>, <cd>a hard yellow paving brick.</cd> -- <col>Flemish

coil</col>, <cd>a flat coil of rope with the end in the center

and the turns lying against, without riding over, each

other.</cd> -- <col>Flemish eye</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an

eye formed at the end of a rope by dividing the strands and lying

them over each other.</cd> -- <col>Flemish horse</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an additional footrope at the end of a

yard.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flench</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Flence</er>.</def>



<hw>Flense</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.

<ets>flense</ets>, D. <ets>vlensen</ets>, <ets>vlenzen</ets>,

Scot. <ets>flinch</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strip the blubber or skin

from, as from a whale, seal, etc.</def>



<q>the <qex>flensed</qex> carcass of a fur seal.</q>

<qau>U. S. Census (1880).</qau>



<hw>Flesh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flesch</ets>, <ets>flesc</ets>, AS. <ets>fl<?/sc</ets>; akin

to OFries. <ets>fl\'besk</ets>, D. <ets>vleesch</ets>, OS.

<ets>fl<?/sk</ets>, OHG. <ets>fleisc</ets>, G.

<ets>fleisch</ets>, Icel. & Dan. <ets>flesk</ets> lard, bacon,

pork, Sw. <ets>fl\'84sk</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

aggregate of the muscles, fat, and other tissues which cover the

framework of bones in man and other animals; especially, the

muscles.</def>



<note><hand/ In composition it is mainly albuminous<--

proteinaceous-->, but contains in adition a large number of

crystalline bodies, such as creatin, xanthin, hypoxanthin,

carnin, etc. It is also rich in phosphate of potash.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Animal food, in distinction from vegetable;

meat; especially, the body of beasts and birds used as food, as

distinguished from <xex>fish</xex>.</def>



<q>With roasted <qex>flesh</qex>, or milk, and wastel bread.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The human body, as distinguished from the soul;

the corporeal person.</def>



<q>As if this <qex>flesh</qex>, which walls about our life,

Were brass impregnable.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The human eace; mankind; humanity.</def>



<q>All <qex>flesh</qex> had corrupted his way upon the earth.</q>

<qau>Gen. vi. 12.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Human nature</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In a good

sense, tenderness of feeling; gentleness.</def>



<q>There is no <qex>flesh</qex> in man's obdurate heart.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a bad sense, tendency to transient or

physical pleasure; desire for sensual gratification;

carnality</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The

character under the influence of animal propensities or selfish

passions; the soul unmoved by spiritual influences</def>.



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Kindred; stock; race.</def>



<q>He is our brother and our <qex>flesh</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxxvii. 27.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that

part of a root, fruit, and the like, which is fit to be

eaten.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Flesh</xex> is often used adjectively or

self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>flesh</xex> broth or

<xex>flesh</xex>-broth; <xex>flesh</xex> brush or

<xex>fleshbrush</xex>; <xex>flesh</xex> tint or

<xex>flesh</xex>-tint; <xex>flesh</xex> wound.</note>



<cs><col>After the flesh</col>, <cd>after the manner of man; in a

gross or earthly manner. \'bdYe judge <xex>after the

flesh<xex>.\'b8</cd> <au>John viii. 15.</au> -- <col>An arm of

flesh</col>, <cd>human strength or aid.</cd> -- <col>Flesh and

blood</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flesh

broth</col>, <cd>broth made by boiling flesh in water.</cd> --

<col>Flesh fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several

species of flies whose larv\'91 or maggots feed upon flesh, as

the bluebottle fly; -- called also <altname>meat fly</altname>,

<altname>carrion fly</altname>, and <altname>blowfly</altname>.

See <er>Blowly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flesh meat</col>, <cd>animal

food.</cd> <au>Swift.</au> -- <col>Flesh side</col>, <cd>the side

of a skin or hide which was next to the flesh; -- opposed to

<xex>grain side<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Flesh tint</col>

<fld>(Painting)</fld>, <cd>a color used in painting to imitate

the hue of the living body.</cd> -- <col>Flesh worm</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any insect larva of a flesh fly. See

<cref>Flesh fly</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Proud flesh</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Proud</er>.</cd> -- <col>To be one flesh</col>,

<cd>to be closely united as in marriage; to become as one

person.</cd> <au>Gen. ii. 24.</au></cs>



<hw>Flesh</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fleshed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fleshing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feed

with flesh, as an incitement to further exertion; to initiate; --

from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding them with

the first game they take, or other flesh. Hence, to use upon

flesh (as a murderous weapon) so as to draw blood, especially for

the first time.</def>



<q>Full bravely hast thou <qex>fleshed</qex>

Thy maiden sword.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The wild dog

Shall <qex>flesh</qex> his tooth on every innocent.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To glut; to satiate; hence, to harden, to

accustom.</def> \'bd<xex>Fleshed</xex> in triumphs.\'b8



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<q>Old soldiers

<qex>Fleshed</qex> in the spoils of Germany and France.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Leather Manufacture)</fld> <def>To remove

flesh, membrance, etc., from, as from hides.</def>



<-- p. 570 -->



<hw>Fleshed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Corpulent; fat; having flesh.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Glutted; satiated; initiated.</def>



<q><qex>Fleshed</qex> with slaughter.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Flesh"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

butcher.</def>



<q>A <qex>flesher</qex> on a block had laid his whittle down.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A two-handled, convex, blunt-edged knife, for

scraping hides; a fleshing knife.</def>



<hw>Flesh"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

condition of having a form of flesh; incarnation.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Thou, who hast thyself

Endured this <qex>fleshhood</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Flesh"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being fleshy; plumpness; corpulence; grossness.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Flesh"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>Flesh-colored tights, worn by actors dancers.</def>



<au>D. Jerrold.</au>



<hw>Flesh"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of flesh;

lean.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Flesh"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being fleshly; carnal passions and appetites.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Flesh"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

devoted to fleshly things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Flesh"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the flesh;

corporeal.</def> \'bd<xex>Fleshly</xex> bondage.\'b8



<au>Denham.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Animal; not<?/vegetable.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Human; not celestial; not spiritual or

divine.</def> \'bd<xex>Fleshly</xex> wisdom.\'b8



<au>2 Cor. i. 12.</au>



<q>Much ostentation vain of <qex>fleshly</qex> arm

And fragile arms.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Carnal; wordly; lascivious.</def>



<q>Abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul.</q>

<qau>1 Pet. ii. 11.</qau>



<hw>Flesh"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fleshly manner;

carnally; lasciviously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flesh"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

fleshing, or the excitement attending a successful

beginning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flesh"mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets><?/ mangere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who deals in flesh;

hence, a pimp; a procurer; a pander.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flesh"pot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pot or

vessel in which flesh is cooked</def>; hence

<def2>(<pluf>pl.</pluf>), <def>plenty; high living.</def></def2>



<q>In the land of Egypt . . . we sat by the <qex>fleshpots</qex>,

and . . . did eat bread to the full.</q>

<qau>Ex. xvi. 3.</qau>



<hw>Flesh"quake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A quaking

or trembling of the flesh; a quiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Flesh"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Fleshier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Fleshiest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of, or composed of, flesh; plump;

corpulent; fat; gross.</def>



<q>The sole of his foot is fleshy.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Human.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Fleshy</xex> tabernacle.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of firm pulp;

succulent; <as>as, the houseleek, cactus, and agave are

<ex>fleshy</ex> plants</as>.</def>



<hw>Flet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <mord>of

<er>Fleet</er></mord>. <def>Skimmed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fletch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fletched</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fletching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fl\'8ache</ets>

arrow.]</ety> <def>To feather, as an arrow.</def>



<au>Bp. Warburton.</au>



<q>[Congress] <qex>fletched</qex> their complaint, by adding:

\'bdAmerica loved his brother.\'b8</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<hw>Fletch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>flechier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who fletches of feathers

arrows; a manufacturer of bows and arrows.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Flete</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fleet</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To float; to

swim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWhether I sink or

<xex>flete</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fle*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fletifer</ets>; <ets>fletus</ets> a weeping (from

<ets>flere</ets>, <ets>fletum</ets>, to weep) + <ets>ferre</ets>

to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing tears.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fleur`-de-lis`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fleurs-de-lis</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F., flower of

the lily. Cf. <er>Flower-de-luce</er>, <er>Lily</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The iris. See

<er>Flower-de-luce</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A conventional flower suggested by the iris, and

having a form which fits it for the terminal decoration of a

scepter, the ornaments of a crown, etc. It is also a heraldic

bearing, and is identified with the royal arms and adornments of

France.</def>



<hw>Fleur"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fleuri</ets> covered with flowers, p.p. of

<ets>fleurir</ets>. See <er>Flourish</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Finished at the ends with fleurs-de-lis;

-- said esp. a cross so decorated.</def>



<hw>Flew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Fly</er>.</def>



<hw>Flewed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having large

flews.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flews</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The pendulous

or overhanging lateral parts of the upper lip of dogs, especially

prominent in hounds; -- called also <altname>chaps</altname>. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Bloodhound</er>.</def>



<hw>Flex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flexed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flexing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>flexus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>flectere</ets> to bend,

perh. <ets>flectere</ets> and akin to <ets>falx</ets> sickle, E.

<ets>falchion</ets>. Cf. <er>Flinch</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend;

<as>as, to <ex>flex</ex> the arm</as>.</def>



<hw>Flex</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Flax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flex*an"i*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flexanimus</ets>; <ets>flectere</ets>, <ets>flexum</ets>, to

bend + <ets>animus</ets> mind.]</ety> <def>Having power to change

the mind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Flex`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flexibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>flexibilite</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The state or quality of being flexible; flexibleness;

pliancy; pliability; <as>as, the <ex>flexibility</ex> of strips

of hemlock, hickory, whalebone or metal, or of rays of

light</as>.</def>



<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>



<q>All the <qex>flexibility</qex> of a veteran courtier.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Flex"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flexibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>flexible</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being flexed or bent; admitting of

being turned, bowed, or twisted, without breaking; pliable;

yielding to pressure; not stiff or brittle.</def>



<q>When the splitting wind

Makes <qex>flexible</qex> the knees of knotted oaks.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Willing or ready to yield to the influence of

others; not invincibly rigid or obstinate; tractable; manageable;

ductile; easy and compliant; wavering.</def>



<q>Phocion was a man of great severity, and no ways

<qex>flexible</qex> to the will of the people.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and <qex>flexible</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Capable or being adapted or molded; plastic,;

<as>as, a <ex>flexible</ex> language</as>.</def>



<q>This was a principle more <qex>flexible</qex> to their

purpose.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Pliant; pliable; supple; tractable; manageable;

ductile; obsequious; inconstant; wavering.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Flex"i*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Flex"i*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Flex`i*cos"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flexus</ets> bent + E. <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having bent or curved ribs.</def>



<hw>Flex"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flexilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flexible; pliant; pliable;

easily bent; plastic; tractable.</def>



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<hw>Flex"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flexio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>flexion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of flexing or bending; a turning.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bending; a part bent; a fold.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Syntactical change of form of

words, as by declension or conjugation; inflection.</def>



<q>Express the syntactical relations by <qex>flexion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The bending of a limb or

joint; that motion of a joint which gives the distal member a

continually decreasing angle with the axis of the proximal part;

-- distinguished from <xex>extension</xex>.</def>



<hw>Flex"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which bends or flexes any part;

<as>as, the <ex>flexors</ex> of the arm or the hand</as>; --

opposed to <contr>extensor</contr>.</def>



<hw>Flex"u*ose`</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Flexuous.</def>



<hw>Flex"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flexuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>flexus</ets> a bending,

turning.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having turns, windings, or

flexures.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having alternate curvatures in

opposite directions; bent in a zigzag manner.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Wavering; not steady; flickering.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Flex"u*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Flexure</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resulting

from, flexure; of the nature of, or characterized by, flexure;

<as>as, <ex>flexural</ex> elasticity</as>.</def>



<hw>Flex"ure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flexura</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of flexing or

bending; a turning or curving; flexion; hence, obsequious bowing

or bending.</def>



<q>Will it give place to <qex>flexure</qex> and low bending?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A turn; a bend; a fold; a curve.</def>



<q>Varying with the <qex>flexures</qex> of the valley through

which it meandered.</q>

<qau>British Quart. Rev.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The last joint, or bend,

of the wing of a bird.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The small distortion of an

astronomical instrument caused by the weight of its parts; the

amount to be added or substracted from the observed readings of

the instrument to correct them for this distortion.</def>



<cs><col>The flexure of a curve</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the

bending of a curve towards or from a straight line.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flib"ber*gib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

sycophant.</def> <mark>[Obs. & Humorous.]</mark> \'bdFlatterers

and <xex>flibbergibs</xex>.\'b8



<au>Latimer.</au>



<hw>Flib"ber*ti*gib`bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

imp.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fli`bus`tier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A buccaneer; an American pirate. See

<er>Flibuster</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flicked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flicking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>Flicker</ets>.]</ety> <def>To whip lightly or with a quick

jerk; to flap; <as>as, to <ex>flick</ex> a horse; to

<ex>flick</ex> the dirt from boots.</as></def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Flick</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flitch; <as>as, a

<ex>flick</ex> of bacon</as>.</def>



<hw>Flick"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flickered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flickering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flikeren</ets>,

<ets>flekeren</ets>, to flutter, AS. <ets>flicerian</ets>,

<ets>flicorian</ets>, cf. D. <ets>flikkeren</ets> to sparkle. <?/

84. Cf. <ets>Flacker</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To flutter;

to flap the wings without flying.</def>



<q>And <qex>flickering</qex> on her nest made short essays to

sing.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current

of air, or when about to expire; <as>as, the <ex>flickering</ex>

light</as>.</def>



<q>The shadows <qex>flicker</qex> to fro.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Flick"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

wavering or of fluttering; flucuation; sudden and brief increase

of brightness; <as>as, the last <ex>flicker</ex> of the dying

flame</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The golden-winged

woodpecker (<spn>Colaptes aurutus</spn>); -- so called from its

spring note. Called also <altname>yellow-hammer</altname>,

<altname>high-holder</altname>, <altname>pigeon

woodpecker</altname>, and <altname>yucca</altname>.</def>



<q>The cackle of the <qex>flicker</qex> among the oaks.</q>

<qau>Thoureau.</qau>



<hw>Flick"ering*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flickering

manner.</def>



<hw>Flick"er*mouse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Flittermouse</er>.</def>



<hw>Flidge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fledged;

fledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Flidge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become fledged; to

fledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Every day build their nests, every hour <qex>flidge</qex>.</q>

<qau>R. Greene.</qau>



<hw>Fli"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Form

<er>Fly</er>, <ets>v</ets>.; <ets>cf</ets>. <er>Flyer</er>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who flies or flees; a runaway; a

fugitive.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A fly. See <er>Fly</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 9, and 13 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>See <er>Flyer</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 5.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Flyer</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<hw>Flight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fliht</ets>, <ets>flyht</ets>, a flying, fr.

<ets>fle\'a2gan</ets> to fly; cf. <ets>flyht</ets> a fleeing, fr.

<ets>fle\'a2n</ets> to flee, G. <ets>flucht</ets> a fleeing, Sw.

<ets>flykt</ets>, G. <ets>flug</ets> a flying, Sw.

<ets>flygt</ets>, D. <ets>vlugt</ets> a fleeing or flying, Dan.

<ets>flugt</ets>. <root/84. See <er>Flee</er>,

<er>Fly</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or flying; a

passing through the air by the help of wings; volitation; mode or

style of flying.</def>



<q>Like the night owl's lazy <qex>flight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of fleeing; the act of running away, to

escape or expected evil; hasty departure.</def>



<q>Pray ye that your <qex>flight</qex> be not in the winter.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxiv. 20.</qau>



<q>Fain by <qex>flight</qex> to save themselves.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Lofty elevation and excursion;a mounting; a

soa<?/ing; <as>as, a <ex>flight</ex> of imagination, ambition,

folly</as>.</def>



<q>Could he have kept his spirit to that <qex>flight</qex>,

<qex>He had been happy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>His highest <qex>flights</qex> were indeed far below those of

Taylor.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A number of beings or things passing through the

air together; especially, a flock of birds flying in company; the

birds that fly or migrate together; the birds produced in one

season; <as>as, a <ex>flight</ex> of arrows</as>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<q>Swift <qex>flights</qex> of angels ministrant.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Like a <qex>flight</qex> of fowl

Scattered winds and tempestuous gusts.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A series of steps or stairs from one landing to

another.</def>



<au>Parker.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A kind of arrow for the longbow; also, the sport

of shooting with it. See <er>Shaft</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Challenged Cupid at the <qex>flight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Not a <qex>flight</qex> drawn home

E'er made that haste that they have.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The husk or glume of oats.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>

<-- 8. a trip made by or in a flying vehicle, as an airplane,

spacecraft, or aeronautical balloon.  9. A scheduled flight{8} --

<col>to take a flight{9}. -->



<cs><col>Flight feathers</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

wing feathers of a bird, including the quills, coverts, and

bastard wing. See <er>Bird</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put to

flight</col>, <col>To turn to flight</col></mcol>, <cd>to compel

to run away; to force to flee; to rout.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Pair; set. See <er>Pair</er>.</syn>



<hw>Flight"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Taking flight; flying; -- used in composition.</def>

\'bdDrowsy-<xex>flighted</xex> steeds.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Feathered; -- said of

arrows.</def>



<hw>Flight"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Brewing)</fld> <def>A horizontal vane revolving over the

surface of wort in a cooler, to produce a circular current in the

liquor.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Flight"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

flighty manner.</def>



<hw>Flight"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being flighty.</def>



<q>The <qex>flightness</qex> of her temper.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Levity; giddiness; volatility; lightness; wildness;

eccentricity. See <er>Levity</er>.</syn>



<hw>Flight"-shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

distance to which an arrow or flight may be shot; bowshot, --

about the fifth of a mile.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &

Scot.]</mark>



<q>Within a <qex>flight-shot</qex> it inthe valley.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<q>Half a <qex>flight-shot</qex> from the king's oak.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Flight"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Fleeting; swift; transient.</def>



<q>The <qex>flighty</qex> purpose never is o'ertook,

Unless the deed go with it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Indulging in flights, or wild and unrestrained

sallies, of imagination, humor, caprice, etc.; given to

disorder<?/ fancies and extravagant conduct; volatile <?/ giddy;

eccentric; slighty delirious.</def>



<q>Proofs of my <qex>flighty</qex> and paradoxical turn of

mind.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<q>A harsh disciplinarian and a <qex>flighty</qex>

enthusiast.</q>

<qau>J. S. Har<?/ord.</qau>



<hw>Flim"flam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Flam</er>.]</ety> <def>A freak; a trick; a lie.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Flim"si*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

flimsy manner.</def>



<hw>Flim"si*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being flimsy.</def>



<hw>Flim"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Flimsier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Flimsiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>llumsi</ets> naked, bare, empty, slouggish, spiritless. Cf.

<er>Limsy</er>.]</ety> <def>Weak; feeble; limp; slight; vain;

without strength or solidity; of loose and unsubstantial

structure; without reason or <xex>plausibility</xex>;

<xex>as</xex>, <xex>a flimsy</xex> argument, excuse,

objection.</def>



<q>Proud of a vast extent of <qex>flimsy</qex> lines.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>All the <qex>flimsy</qex> furniture of a country miss's

brain.</q>

<qau>Sheridan.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Weak; feeble; superficial; shallow; vain.</syn>



<hw>Flim"sy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Thin or transfer

paper.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bank note.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Flinch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flinched</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flinching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. OE.

<ets>flecchen</ets> to waver, give way, F. <ets>fl\'82chir</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>flectere</ets> to bend; but prob. influenced by E.

<ets>blench</ets>. Cf. <er>Flex</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

withdraw from any suffering or undertaking, from pain or danger;

to fail in doing or perserving; to show signs of yielding or of

suffering; to shrink; to wince; <as>as, one of the parties

<ex>flinched</ex> from the combat</as>.</def>



<q>A child, by a constant course of kindness, may be accustomed

to bear very rough usage without <qex>flinching</qex> or

complaining.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Croquet)</fld> <def>To let the foot slip from a

ball, when attempting to give a tight croquet.</def>



<hw>Flinch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of flinching.</def>



<hw>Flinch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>One who

flinches or fails.</def>



<hw>Flinch"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flinching

manner.</def>



<hw>Flin"der*mouse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE.

<ets>vlindre</ets> moth (cf. D. <ets>vlinder</ets> butterfly) +

E. <ets>mouse</ets>. Cf. <er>Flittermouse</er>,

<er>Flinders</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bat; a

flittermouse.</def>



<hw>Flin"ders</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>flenders</ets>, <ets>flendris</ets>; perh. akin to E.

<ets>flutter</ets>; cf. D. <ets>flenters</ets> rags, broken

pieces.]</ety> <def>Small pieces or splinters; fragments.</def>



<q>The tough ash spear, so stout and true,

Into a thousand <qex>flinders</qex> flew.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Fling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flung</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flinging</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>flingen</ets>, <ets>flengen</ets>, to rush, hurl;

cf. Icel. <ets>flengia</ets> to whip, ride furiously, OSw.

<ets>flenga</ets> to strike, Sw. <ets>fl\'84nga</ets> to romp,

Dan. <ets>flenge</ets> to slash.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cast,

send, to throw from the hand; to hurl; to dart; to emit with

violence as if thrown from the hand; <as>as, to <ex>fing</ex> a

stone into the pond</as>.</def>



<q>'T is Fate that <qex>flings</qex> the dice: and, as she

<qex>flings</qex>,

Of kings makes peasants, and of peasants kings.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>He . . . like Jove, his lighting <qex>flung</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>I know thy generous temper well.

<qex>Fling</qex> but the appearance of dishonor on it,

It straight takes fire.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shed forth; to emit; to scatter.</def>



<q>The sun begins to <qex>fling</qex>

His flaring beams.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Every beam new transient colors <qex>flings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To throw; to hurl; to throw off or down; to

prostrate; hence, to baffle; to defeat; <as>as, to <ex>fling</ex>

a party in litigation</as>.</def>



<q>His horse started, <qex>flung</qex> him, and fell upon

him.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<-- p. 571 -->



<cs><col>To fling about</col>, <cd>to throw on all sides; to

scatter.</cd> -- <col>To fling away</col>, <cd>to reject; to

discard.</cd>



<q>Cromwell, I charge thee, <qex>fling away</qex> ambition.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



--<col>To fling down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To throw to the

ground; esp., to throw in defiance, as formerly knights cast a

glove into the arena as a challenge.</cd>



<q>This question so <qex>flung down</qex> before the guests, . .

. 

Was handed over by consent of all

To me who had not spoken.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To overturn; to demolish; to ruin.</cd> --

<col>To fling in</col>, <cd>to throw in; not to charge in an

account; as, in settling accounts, one party <xex>flings in</xex>

a small sum, or a few days' work.</cd> -- <col>To fling

off</col>, <cd>to baffle in the chase; to defeat of prey; also,

to get rid of.</cd> <au>Addison.</au> -- <col>To fling

open</col>, <cd>to throw open; to open suddenly or with violence;

as, <xex>to fling open<xex> a door.</cd> -- <col>To fling

out</col>, <cd>to utter; to speak in an abrupt or harsh manner;

as, <xex>to fling out<xex> hard words against another.</cd> --

<col>To fling up</col>, <cd>to relinquish; to abandon; as,

<xex>to fling up<xex> a design.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

throw; to wince; to flounce; <as>as, the horse began to kick and

<ex>fling</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cast in the teeth; to utter abusive language;

to sneer; <as>as, the scold began to flout and

<ex>fling</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To throw one's self in a violent or hasty

manner; to rush or spring with violence or haste.</def>



<q>And crop-full, out of doors he <qex>flings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>I <qex>flung</qex> closer to his breast,

As sword that, after battle, <qex>flings</qex> to sheath.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<cs><col>To fling out</col>, <cd>to become ugly and intractable;

to utter sneers and insinuations.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cast from the

hand; a throw; also, a flounce; a kick; <as>as, the

<ex>fling</ex> of a horse</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A severe or contemptuous remark; an expression

of sarcastic scorn; a gibe; a sarcasm.</def>



<q>I, who love to have a <qex>fling</qex>,

Both at senate house and king.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of dance; <as>as, the Highland

<ex>fling</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A trifing matter; an object of contempt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>England were but a <qex>fling</qex>

Save for the crooked stick and the gray goose wing.</q>

<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>



<cs><col>To have one's fling</col>, <cd>to enjoy one's self to

the full; to have a season of dissipation.</cd> <au>J. H.

Newman.</au> \'bdWhen I was as young as you, I <xex>had my

fling</xex>. I led a life of pleasure.\'b8 <au>D.

Jerrold.</au></cs>



<hw>Fling"dust`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

kicks up the dust; a streetwalker; a low manner.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Fling"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

flings; one who jeers.</def>



<hw>Flint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>flint</ets>, akin to Sw. <ets>flinta</ets>, Dan.

<ets>flint</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>flins</ets> flint, G.

<ets>flinte</ets> gun (cf. E. <ets>flint</ets>lock), perh. akin

to Gr. <?/ brick. Cf. <er>Plinth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A massive, somewhat impure variety of

quartz, in color usually of a gray to brown or nearly black,

breaking with a conchoidal fracture and sharp edge. It is very

hard, and strikes fire with steel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of flint for striking fire; -- formerly

much used, esp. in the hammers of gun locks.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything extremely hard, unimpressible, and

unyielding, like flint.</def> \'bdA heart of

<xex>flint</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<cs><col>Flint age</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>Same as

<cref>Stone age</cref>, under <er>Stone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flint

brick</col>, <cd>a fire made principially of powdered silex.</cd>

-- <col>Flint glass</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<col>Flint implements</col> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld>, <cd>tools,

etc., employed by men before the use of metals, such as axes,

arrows, spears, knives, wedges, etc., which were commonly made of

flint, but also of granite, jade, jasper, and other hard

stones.</cd> -- <col>Flint mill</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Pottery)</fld> <cd>A mill in which flints are ground.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>An obsolete appliance for

lighting the miner at his work, in which flints on a revolving

wheel were made to produce a shower of sparks, which gave light,

but did not inflame the fire damp.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> --

<col>Flint stone</col>, <cd>a hard, siliceous stone; a

flint.</cd> -- <col>Flint wall</col>, <cd>a kind of wall, common

in England, on the face of which are exposed the black surfaces

of broken flints set in the mortar, with quions of masonry.</cd>

-- <col>Liquor of flints</col>, <cd>a solution of silica, or

flints, in potash.</cd> -- <col>To skin a flint</col>, <cd>to be

capable of, or guilty of, any expedient or any meanness for

making money. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Flint" glass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

soft, heavy, brilliant glass, consisting essentially of a

silicate of lead and potassium. It is used for tableware, and for

optical instruments, as prisms, its density giving a high degree

of dispersive power; -- so called, because formerly the silica

was obtained from pulverized flints. Called also <altname>crystal

glass</altname>. Cf. <er>Glass</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The concave or diverging half on an achromatic lens

is usually made of <xex>flint glass</xex>.</note>



<hw>Flint"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hard-hearted.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flint"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being flinty; hardness; cruelty.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Flint"lock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed in the

hammer, which on stricking the steel ignites the priming.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp.,

the old-fashioned musket of European and other armies.</def>



<hw>Flint"ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A superior

kind of earthenware into whose composition flint enters

largely.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Flint"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Australian name for the very hard wood

of the <spn>Eucalyptus piluralis</spn>.</def>



<hw>Flint"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Flintier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Flintiest</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>Consisting of, composed of, abounding in, or resembling,

flint; <as>as, a <ex>flinty</ex> rock; <ex>flinty</ex> ground; a

<ex>flinty</ex> heart.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Flinty rock</col><???/, <or/ <col>Flinty

state</col></mcol>, <cd>a siliceous slate; -- basanite is here

included. See <er>Basanite</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.

<ets>flip</ets> nimble, flippant, also, a slight blow. Cf.

<er>Flippant</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture of beer, spirit, etc.,

stirred and heated by a hot iron.</def>



<cs><col>Flip dog</col>, <cd>an iron used, when heated, to warm

flip.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flip</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flipped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flipping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To toss or fillip;

<as>as, to <ex>flip</ex> up a cent</as>.</def>



<q>As when your little ones

Do 'twixt their fingers <qex>flip</qex> their cherry stones.</q>

<qau>W. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Flipe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To turn inside

out, or with the leg part back over the foot, as a stocking in

pulling off or for putting on.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Flip"-flap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Flip</er>, and <er>Flap</er>.]</ety> <def>The repeated stroke

of something long and loose.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Flip"-flap`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With repeated strokes

and noise, as of something long and loose.</def>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Flip"pan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[See

<er>Flippant</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being

flippant.</def>



<q>This <qex>flippancy</qex> of language.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hurd.</qau>



<hw>Flip"pant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>flip</ets> to move nimbly; cf. W. <ets>llipa</ets> soft,

limber, pliant, or Icel. <ets>fleipa</ets> to babble, prattle.

Cf. <er>Flip</er>, <er>Fillip</er>, <er>Flap</er>,

<er>Flipper</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of smooth, fluent, and

rapid speech; speaking with ease and rapidity; having a voluble

tongue; talkative.</def>



<q>It becometh good men, in such cases, to be <qex>flippant</qex>

and free in their speech.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Speaking fluently and confidently, without

knowledge or consideration; empty; trifling; inconsederate; pert;

petulant.</def> \'bd<xex>Flippant</xex> epilogous.\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<q>To put <qex>flippant</qex> scorn to the blush.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<q>A sort of <qex>flippant</qex>, vain discourse.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Flip"pant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flippant person.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Flip"pant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flippant

manner.</def>



<hw>Flip"pant*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or quality of

being flippant.</def>



<hw>Flip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Flip</er>, <er>Flippant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A broad flat limb used for swimming,

as those of seals, sea turtles, whales, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The hand.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Flirt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flirted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Flirting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>fleard</ets> trifle, folly, <ets>fleardian</ets> to

trifle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw with a jerk or quick

effort; to fling suddenly; <as>as, they <ex>flirt</ex> water in

each other's faces; he <ex>flirted</ex> a glove, or a

handkerchief.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To toss or throw about; to move playfully to and

fro; <as>as, to <ex>flirt</ex> a fan</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To jeer at; to treat with contempt; to

mock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I am ashamed; I am scorned; I am <qex>flirted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Flirt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To run and dart

about; to act with giddiness, or from a desire to attract notice;

especially, to play the coquette; to play at courtship; to

coquet; <as>as, they <ex>flirt</ex> with the young

men</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter contemptious language, with an air of

disdain; to jeer or gibe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Flirt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden jerk; a

quick throw or cast; a darting motion; hence, a jeer.</def>



<q>Several little <qex>flirts</qex> and vibrations.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>With many a <qex>flirt</qex> and flutter.</q>

<qau>E. A. Poe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>flirtje</ets>, G.

<ets>flirtchen</ets>. See <er>Flirt</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>One who flirts; esp., a woman who acts with giddiness, or

plays at courtship; a coquette; a pert girl.</def>



<q>Several young <qex>flirts</qex> about town had a design to

cast us out of the fashionable world.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Flirt</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pert; wanton.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flir*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Playing at courtship; coquerty.</def>



<q>The <qex>flirtations</qex> and jealousies of our ball

rooms.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Flirt"-gill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman of

light behavior; a gill-flirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>You heard him take me up like a <qex>flirt-gill</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Flirt"i*gig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wanton,

pert girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flirt"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flirting

manner.</def>



<hw>Flisk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To frisk; to

skip; to caper.</def> <mark>[Obs. Scot.]</mark> \'bdThe

<xex>flisking</xex> flies.\'b8



<au>Gosson.</au>



<hw>Flisk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A caper; a spring; a

whim.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Flit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flitted</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flitting</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flitten</ets>,

<ets>flutten</ets>, to carry away; cf. Icel. <ets>flytja</ets>,

Sw. <ets>flytta</ets>, Dan. <ets>flytte</ets>. <?/ 84. Cf.

<er>Fleet</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move

with celerity through the air; to fly away with a rapid motion;

to dart along; to fleet; <as>as, a bird <ex>flits</ex> away; a

cloud <ex>flits</ex> along.</as></def>



<q>A shadow <qex>flits</qex> before me.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To flutter; to rove on the wing.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one

place to another; to remove; to migrate.</def>



<q>It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing

this life, did <qex>flit</qex> out of one body into some

other.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To remove from one place or habitation to

another.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright. Jamieson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be unstable; to be easily or often

moved.</def>



<q>And the free soul to <qex>flitting</qex> air resigned.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Flit</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nimble; quick; swift.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Fleet</er>.</def>



<hw>Flitch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flitches</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>flicche</ets>, <ets>flikke</ets>, AS. <ets>flicce</ets>,

akin to Icel. <ets>flikki</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>fl\'c6k</ets>

flap, tatter; perh. akin to E. <ets>fleck</ets>. Cf.

<er>Flick</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The side of

a hog salted and cured; a side of bacon.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of several planks, smaller timbers, or iron

plates, which are secured together, side by side, to make a large

girder or built beam.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The outside piece of a sawed log; a slab.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Flite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fl\'c6tan</ets> to strive, contend, quarrel; akin to G.

<ets>fleiss</ets> industry.]</ety> <def>To scold; to

quarrel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Flit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

flutter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flit"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To flutter; to move

quickly; <as>as, to <ex>flitter</ex> the cards</as>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Flit"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>flitter</ets>

spangle, tinsel, <ets>flittern</ets> to make a tremulous motion,

to glitter. Cf. <er>Flitter</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>A

rag; a tatter; a small piece or fragment.</def>



<hw>Flit"ter*mouse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Flitter</ets>, v.i. + <ets>mouse</ets>; cf. G.

<ets>fledermaus</ets>, OHG. <ets>fledarm<?/s</ets>.  Cf.

<er>Flickermouse</er>, <er>Flindermouse</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bat; -- called also

<altname>flickermouse</altname>, <altname>flindermouse</altname>,

and <altname>flintymouse</altname>.</def>



<hw>Flit"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>A term applied

to the bark obtained from young oak trees.</def>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Flit"ti*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Flitty</er>.]</ety> <def>Unsteadiness; levity;

lightness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hopkins.</au>



<hw>Flit"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A removal from one habitation to another.</def>

<mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<q>A neighbor had lent his cart for the <qex>flitting</qex>, and

it was now standing loaded at the door, ready to move away.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<hw>Flit"ting*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos><def>In a flitting

manner.</def>



<hw>Flit"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Flit</er>.]</ety> <def>Unstable; fluttering.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Flix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Flax</er>.]</ety> <def>Down; fur.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Eng.]</mark>



<au>J. Dyer.</au>



<hw>Flix</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><def>The flux; dysentery.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Udall.</au>



<cs><col>Flix weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

<spn>Sisymbrium Sophia</spn>, a kind of hedge mustard, formerly

used as a remedy for dysentery.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flon</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>fl\'be</ets>,

<ets>fl\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>An arrow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Float</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE.

<ets>flote</ets> ship, boat, fleet, AS. <ets>flota</ets> ship,

fr. <ets>fle\'a2tan</ets> to float; akin to D. <ets>vloot</ets>

fleet, G. <ets>floss</ets> raft, Icel. <ets>floti</ets> float,

raft, fleet, Sw. <ets>flotta</ets>. <root/ 84. See

<er>Fleet</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Flotilla</er>,

<er>Flotsam</er>, <er>Plover</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Anything which floats or rests on the surface of a fluid, as

to sustain weight, or to indicate the height of the surface, or

mark the place of, something</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A mass of timber or boards fastened together, and conveyed

down a stream by the current; a raft</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

hollow, metallic ball of a self-acting faucet, which floats upon

the water in a cistern or boiler</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The

cork or quill used in angling, to support the bait line, and

indicate the bite of a fish</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Anything

used to buoy up whatever is liable to sink; an inflated bag or

pillow used by persons learning to swim; a life preserver.</def>



<q>This reform bill . . . had been used as a <qex>float</qex> by

the conservative ministry.</q>

<qau>J. P. Peters.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A float board. See <cref>Float board</cref>

(below).</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Tempering)</fld> <def>A contrivance for

affording a copious stream of water to the heated surface of an

object of large bulk, as an anvil or die.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of flowing; flux; flow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and

one foot deep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Plastering)</fld> <def>The trowel or tool with

which the floated coat of plastering is leveled and

smoothed.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A polishing block used in marble working; a

runner.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A single-cut file for smoothing; a tool used by

shoemakers for rasping off pegs inside a shoe.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A coal cart.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>The sea; a wave. See <er>Flote</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<cs><col>Float board</col>, <cd>one of the boards fixed radially

to the rim of an undershot water wheel or of a steamer's paddle

wheel; -- a vane.</cd> -- <col>Float case</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a caisson used for lifting a ship.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Float</col> <col>copper <or/ gold</col></mcol>

<fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>fine particles of metallic copper or of

gold suspended in water, and thus liable to be lost.</cd> --

<col>Float ore</col>, <cd>water-worn particles of ore; fragments

of vein material found on the surface, away from the vein

outcrop.</cd> <au>Raymond.</au> -- <col>Float stone</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a siliceous stone used to rub stonework

or brickwork to a smooth surface.</cd> -- <col>Float valve</col>,

<cd>a valve or cock acted upon by a float. See <er>Float</er>, 1

(<it>b<it>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Float</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Floated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Floating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flotien</ets>,

<ets>flotten</ets>, AS. <ets>flotian</ets> to float, swim, fr.

<ets>fle\'a2tan</ets>. See <er>Float</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To rest on the surface of any fluid; to swim; to

be buoyed up.</def>



<q>The ark no more now <qex>floats</qex>, but seems on

ground.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Three blustering nights, borne by the southern blast,

I <qex>floated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move quietly or gently on the water, as a

raft; to drift along; to move or glide without effort or impulse

on the surface of a fluid, or through the air.</def>



<q>They stretch their broad plumes and <qex>float</qex> upon the

wind.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>There seems a <qex>floating</qex> whisper on the hills.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Float</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to

float; to cause to rest or move on the surface of a fluid;

<as>as, the tide <ex>floated</ex> the ship into the

harbor</as>.</def>



<q>Had <qex>floated</qex> that bell on the Inchcape rock.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To flood; to overflow; to cover with

water.</def>



<q>Proud Pactolus <qex>floats</qex> the fruitful lands.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Plastering)</fld> <def>To pass over and level

the surface of with a float while the plastering is kept

wet.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To support and sustain the credit of, as a

commercial scheme or a joint-stock company, so as to enable <?/

it to go into, or continue in, operation.</def>



<hw>Float"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may be

floated.</def>



<hw>Float"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Flotage</er>.</def>



<hw>Float*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>See

<er>Flotation</er>.</def>



<hw>Float"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who floats or swims.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A float for indicating the height of a liquid

surface.</def>



<hw>Float"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Buoyed upon or

in a fluid; a, the <xex>floating</xex> timbers of a wreck;

<xex>floating</xex> motes in the air.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Free or lose from the usual attachment; <as>as,

the <ex>floating</ex> ribs in man and some other

animals</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not funded; not fixed, invested, or determined;

<as>as, <ex>floating</ex> capital; a <ex>floating</ex>

debt.</as></def>



<q>Trade was at an end. <qex>Floating</qex> capital had been

withdrawn in great masses from the island.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Floating anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a drag or

sea anchor; drag sail.</cd> -- <col>Floating battery</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a battery erected on rafts or the hulls of

ships, chiefly for the defense of a coast or the bombardment of a

place.</cd> -- <col>Floating bridge</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

bridge consisting of rafts or timber, with a floor of plank,

supported wholly by the water; a bateau bridge.</cd> See

<er>Bateau</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>A kind of

double bridge, the upper one projecting beyond the lower one, and

capable of being moved forward by pulleys; -- used for carrying

troops over narrow moats in attacking the outworks of a

fort.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A kind of ferryboat which is guided

and impelled by means of chains which are anchored on each side

of a stream, and pass over wheels on the vessel, the wheels being

driven by stream power.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>The landing

platform of a ferry dock.</cd> -- <col>Floating cartilage</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cartilage which moves freely in the

cavity of a joint, and often interferes with the functions of the

latter.</cd> -- <col>Floating dam</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An

anchored dam.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A caisson used as a gate for

a dry dock.</cd> -- <col>Floating derrick</col>, <cd>a derrick on

a float for river and harbor use, in raising vessels, moving

stone for harbor improvements, etc.</cd> -- <col>Floating

dock</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Dock</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Floating harbor</col>, <cd>a breakwater of cages or

booms, anchored and fastened together, and used as a protection

to ships riding at anchor to leeward.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> --

<col>Floating heart</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small aquatic

plant (<spn>Limnanthemum lacunosum</spn>) whose heart-shaped

leaves float on the water of American ponds.</cd> --

<col>Floating island</col>, <cd>a dish for dessert, consisting of

custard with floating masses of whipped cream or white of

eggs.</cd> -- <col>Floating kidney</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<cd>See <cref>Wandering kidney</cref>, under

<er>Wandering</er>.</cd> -- <col>Floating light</col>, <cd>a

light shown at the masthead of a vessel moored over sunken rocks,

shoals, etc., to warn mariners of danger; a light-ship; also, a

light erected on a buoy or floating stage.</cd> -- <col>Floating

liver</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Wandering

liver</cref>, under <er>Wandering</er>.</cd> -- <col>Floating

pier</col>, <cd>a landing stage or pier which rises and falls

with the tide.</cd> -- <col>Floating ribs</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the lower or posterior ribs which are not

connected with the others in front; in man they are the last two

pairs.</cd> -- <col>Floating screed</col>

<fld>(Plastering)</fld>, <cd>a strip of plastering first laid on,

to serve as a guide for the thickness of the coat.</cd> --

<col>Floating threads</col> <fld>(Weaving)</fld>, <cd>threads

which span several other threads without being interwoven with

them, in a woven fabric.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 572 -->



<hw>Float"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>Floating threads. See <cref>Floating

threads</cref>, above.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The second coat of three-coat plastering.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Float"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a floating

manner.</def>



<hw>Float"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swimming on the

surface; buoyant; light.</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Flo"bert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gun.)</fld>

<def>A small cartridge designed for target shooting; -- sometimes

called <altname>ball cap</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Flobert rifle</col>, <cd>a rifle adapted to the use of

floberts.</cd></cs>



<hw>Floc`cil*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>floccus</ets> a flock of wool. Cf. <er>Flock</er> of

wool.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A delirious picking of

bedclothes by a sick person, as if to pick off flocks of wool;

carphology; -- an alarming symptom in acute diseases.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Floc/cose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>floccosus</ets>. Cf. 2d <er>Flock</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Spotted with small tufts like wool.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having tufts of soft hairs,

which are often deciduous.</def>



<hw>Floc"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the flocculus.</def>



<hw>Floc"cu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flocculated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flocculating</er>.]</wordforms>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To aggregate into small lumps.</def>



<hw>Floc"cu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Furnished with tufts of curly hairs,

as some insects.</def>



<hw>Floc`cu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The process by which small particles of

fine soils and sediments aggregate into larger lumps.</def>



<hw>Floc"cu*lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being flocculent.</def>



<hw>Floc"cu*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Flock</er> of wool.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Clothed with

small flocks or flakes; woolly.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Applied to the down of

newly hatched or unfledged birds.</def>



<hw>\'d8Floc"cu*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flocculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L.

<ets>floccus</ets> a lock or flock of wool.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small lobe in the under surface of the

cerebellum, near the middle peduncle; the subpeduncular

lobe.</def>



<hw>\'d8Floc"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flocci</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a flock of

wool.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The tuft of hair terminating the tail of mammals</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tuft of feathers on the head of young

birds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A woolly filament sometimes

occuring with the sporules of certain fungi.</def>



<hw>Flock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>flocc</ets> flock, company; akin to Icel. <ets>flokkr</ets>

crowd, Sw. <ets>flock</ets>, Dan. <ets>flok</ets>; prob. orig.

used of flows, and akin to E. <ets>fly</ets>. See

<er>Fly</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A company or collection of

living creatures; -- especially applied to sheep and birds,

rarely to persons or (except in the plural) to cattle and other

large animals; <as>as, a <ex>flock</ex> of ravenous

fowl</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>The heathen . . . came to Nicanor by <qex>flocks</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Macc. xiv. 14.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Christian church or congregation; considered

in their relation to the pastor, or minister in charge.</def>



<q>As half amazed, half frighted all his <qex>flock</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Flock</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flocked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather in

companies or crowds.</def>



<q>Friends daily <qex>flock</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Flocking fowl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

greater scaup duck.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To flock to; to

crowd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Good fellows, trooping, <qex>flocked</qex> me so.</q>

<qau>Taylor (1609).</qau>



<hw>Flock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>flokke</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>vlok</ets>, G. <ets>flocke</ets>, OHG. <ets>floccho</ets>,

Icel. <ets>fl<?/ki</ets>, perh. akin to E. <ets>flicker</ets>,

<ets>flacker</ets>, or cf. L. <ets>floccus</ets>, F.

<ets>floc</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lock of wool or

hair.</def>



<q>I prythee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few <qex>flocks</qex>

in the point [pommel].</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Woolen or cotton refuse (<pos>sing. <or/

pl.</pos>), old rags, etc., reduced to a degree of fineness by

machinery, and used for stuffing unpholstered furniture.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Very fine, sifted, woolen refuse, especially

that from shearing the nap of cloths, used as a coating for wall

paper to give it a velvety or clothlike appearance; also, the

dust of vegetable fiber used for a similar purpose.</def>



<cs><col>Flock bed</col>, <cd>a bed filled with flocks or locks

of coarse wool, or pieces of cloth cut up fine. \'bdOnce a

<xex>flock bed<xex>, but repaired with straw.\'b8</cd>

<au>Pope.</au> -- <col>Flock paper</col>, <cd>paper coated with

flock fixed with glue or size.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To coat with flock, as wall

paper; to roughen the surface of (as glass) so as to give an

appearance of being covered with fine flock.</def>



<hw>Flock"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lamb.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Brome (1659).</au>



<hw>Flock"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In flocks; in

crowds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flock"mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>flocm<?/lum</ets>. See <er>Meal</er> part.]</ety> <def>In a

flock; in a body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That <qex>flockmel</qex> on a day they to him went.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Flock"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding with flocks;

floccose.</def>



<hw>Floe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.

<ets>flag</ets> af iis, iis<ets>flage</ets>, Sw.

<ets>flaga</ets>, <ets>flake</ets>, is<ets>flaga</ets>,

is<ets>flake</ets>. See <er>Flag</er> a flat stone.]</ety> <def>A

low, flat mass of floating ice.</def>



<cs><col>Floe rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a seal

(<spn>Phoca f\'d2tida</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Flog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flogged</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flogging</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>fleg</ets> blow,

stroke, kick, AS. <ets>flocan</ets> to strike, or perh. fr. L.

<ets>flagellare</ets> to whip. Cf. <er>Flagellate</er>.]</ety>

<def>To beat or strike with a rod or whip; to whip; to lash; to

chastise with repeated blows.</def>



<hw>Flog"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who flogs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of mallet for beating the bung stave of a

cask to start the bung.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Flog"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from

<er>Flog</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<cs><col>Flogging chisel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a large

cold chisel, used in chipping castings.</cd> -- <col>Flogging

hammer</col>, <cd>a small sledge hammer used for striking a

flogging chisel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Flo</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flong</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of <er>Fling</er>.</def>



<hw>Flood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flod</ets> a flowing, stream, flood, AS.

<ets>fl<omac/d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vloed</ets>, OS.

<ets>fl<omac/d</ets>, OHG. <ets>fluot</ets>, G. <ets>flut</ets>,

Icel. <ets>fl<omac/<edh/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>flod</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fl<omac/dus</ets>; from the root of E. <ets>flow</ets>.

<root/80.  See <er>Flow</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A great flow of water; a body of moving water; the flowing

stream, as of a river; especially, a body of water, rising,

swelling, and overflowing land not usually thus covered; a

deluge; a freshet; an inundation.</def>



<q>A covenant never to destroy

The earth again by <qex>flood</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The flowing in of the tide; the semidiurnal

swell or rise of water in the ocean; -- opposed to

<xex>ebb</xex>; <as>as, young <ex>flood</ex>; high

<ex>flood</ex>.</as></def>



<q>There is a tide in the affairs of men,

Which, taken at the <qex>flood</qex>, leads on to fortune.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A great flow or stream of any fluid substance;

<as>as, a <ex>flood</ex> of light</as>; a <ex>flood</ex> of

lava</as>; hence, a great quantity widely diffused; an

overflowing; a superabundance; <as>as, a <ex>flood</ex> of bank

notes; a <ex>flood</ex> of paper currency.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Menstrual disharge; menses.</def>



<au>Harvey.</au>



<cs><col>Flood anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>, the anchor

by which a ship is held while the tide is rising.</cd> --

<col>Flood fence</col>, <cd>a fence so secured that it will not

be swept away by a flood.</cd> -- <col>Flood gate</col>, <cd>a

gate for shutting out, admitting, or releasing, a body of water;

a tide gate.</cd> -- <col>Flood mark</col>, <cd>the mark or line

to which the tide, or a flood, rises; high-water mark.</cd> --

<col>Flood tide</col>, <cd>the rising tide; -- opposed to

<xex>ebb tide<xex>.</cd> -- <col>The Flood</col>, <cd>the deluge

in the days of Noah.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flood</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flooded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flooding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To overflow; to

inundate; to deluge; <as>as, the swollen river <ex>flooded</ex>

the valley</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause or permit to be inundated; to fill or

cover with water or other fluid; <as>as, to <ex>flood</ex> arable

land for irrigation</as>; to fill to excess or to its full

capacity; <as>as, to <ex>flood</ex> a country with a depreciated

currency</as>.</def>



<hw>Flood"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Inundation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Flood"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who floods

anything.</def>



<hw>Flood"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The filling or covering

with water or other fluid; overflow; inundation; the filling

anything to excess.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abnormal or excessive

discharge of blood from the uterus.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Flook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fluke of an

anchor.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Flook"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Flu"kan</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>See

<er>Flucan</er>.</def>



<hw>Flook"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fluky.</def>



<hw>Floor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fl<?/r</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vloer</ets>, G.

<ets>flur</ets> field, floor, entrance hall, Icel.

<ets>fl<?/r</ets> floor of a cow stall, cf. Ir. & Gael.

<ets>lar</ets> floor, ground, earth, W. <ets>llawr</ets>, perh.

akin to L. <ets>planus</ets> level. Cf. <er>Plain</er>

smooth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The bottom or lower part of any

room; the part upon which we stand and upon which the movables in

the room are supported.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The structure formed of beams, girders, etc.,

with proper covering, which divides a building horizontally into

stories. <xex>Floor</xex> in sense 1 is, then, the upper surface

of <xex>floor</xex> in sense 2.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The surface, or the platform, of a structure on

which we walk or travel; <as>as, the <ex>floor</ex> of a

bridge</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A story of a building. See <er>Story</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Legislative Assemblies)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The part of the house assigned to the members.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The right to speak.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<note><hand/ Instead of <xex>he has the floor</xex>, the English

say, <xex>he is in possession of the house</xex>.</note>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of the bottom of a

vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly

horizontal.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rock

underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal deposit.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A horizontal, flat ore body.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<cs><col>Floor cloth</col>, <cd>a heavy fabric, painted,

varnished, or saturated, with waterproof material, for covering

floors; oilcloth.</cd> -- <col>Floor cramp</col>, <cd>an

implement for tightening the seams of floor boards before nailing

them in position.</cd> -- <col>Floor light</col>, <cd>a frame

with glass panes in a floor.</cd> -- <col>Floor plan</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <cd>A longitudinal

section, showing a ship as divided at the water line.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>A horizontal section, showing

the thickness of the walls and partitions, arrangement of

passages, apartments, and openings at the level of any floor of a

house.</cd></cs>



<hw>Floor</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Floored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flooring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cover with a floor; to furnish with a floor; <as>as, to

<ex>floor</ex> a house with pine boards</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike down or lay level with the floor; to

knock down; hence, to silence by a conclusive answer or retort;

<as>as, to <ex>floor</ex> an opponent</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Floored</qex> or crushed by him.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To finish or make an end of; <as>as, to

<ex>floor</ex> a college examination</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>I've <qex>floored</qex> my little-go work.</q>

<qau>T. Hughes.</qau>



<hw>Floor"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Floor

space.</def>



<hw>Floor"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything that

floors or upsets a person, as a blow that knocks him down; a

conclusive answer or retort; a task that exceeds one's

abilities.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Floor"heads`</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>The upper extermities of the floor of a vessel.</def>



<hw>Floor"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A platform; the bottom of

a room; a floor; pavement. See <er>Floor</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Material for the construction of a floor or

floors.</def>



<hw>Floor"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no floor.</def>



<hw>Floor"walk`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

walks about in a large retail store as an overseer and

director.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Flop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flopped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flopping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[A variant of

<ets>flap</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To clap or strike, as a

bird its wings, a fish its tail, etc.; to flap.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To turn suddenly, as something broad and

flat.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Fielding.</au>



<hw>Flop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

strike about with something broad abd flat, as a fish with its

tail, or a bird with its wings; to rise and fall; <as>as, the

brim of a hat <ex>flops</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall, sink, or throw one's self, heavily,

clumsily, and unexpectedly on the ground.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Flop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of flopping.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>W. H. Russell.</au>



<hw>Flop"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Having a

tendency to flop or flap; <as>as, a <ex>floppy</ex> hat

brim</as>.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Flop"wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lapwing.</def>



<hw>Flo"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., the goddess

of flowers, from <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower. See

<er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld>

<def>The goddess of flowers and spring.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The complete system of

vegetable species growing without cultivation in a given

locality, region, or period; a list or description of, or

treatise on, such plants.</def>



<hw>Flo"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Floralis</ets> belonging to <ets>Flora</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>floral</ets>. See <er>Flora</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers; made of flowers; <as>as,

<ex>floral</ex> games, wreaths</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing, or belonging to, a

flower; <as>as, a <ex>floral</ex> bud; a <ex>floral</ex> leaf;

<ex>floral</ex> characters.</as></def>



<au>Martyn.</au>



<cs><col>Floral envelope</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the calyx

and corolla, one or the other of which (mostly the corolla) may

be wanting.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flo"ral*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a floral

manner.</def>



<hw>Flo"ra*mour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower +

<ets>amor</ets>love.]</ety> <def>The plant

love-lies-bleeding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Flo"ran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>Tin ore scarcely perceptible in the stone; tin ore stamped

very fine.</def>



<au>Pryce.</au>



<hw>\'d8Flo`r\'82al"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>flor\'82al</ets>, fr. L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>,

flower.]</ety> <def>The eight month of the French republican

calendar. It began April 20, and ended May 19. See

<er>Vend\'82miare</er>.</def>



<hw>Flor"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>florenus</ets>. See <er>Florin</er>.]</ety> <def>A cerain

gold coin; a Florence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flor"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

city of <ets>Florence</ets>: cf. F. <ets>florence</ets> a kind of

cloth, OF. <ets>florin</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An ancient

gold coin of the time of Edward III., of six shillings sterling

value.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of cloth.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<cs><col>Florence flask</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flask</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Florence oil</col>, <cd>olive oil prepared in

Florence.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flor"en*tine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>Florentinus</ets>, fr. <ets>Florentia</ets>

Florence: cf. F. <ets>florentin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging or

relating to Florence, in Italy.</def>



<cs><col>Florentine mosaic</col>, <cd>a mosaic of hard or

semiprecious stones, often so chosen and arranged that their

natural colors represent leaves, flowers, and the like, inlaid in

a background, usually of black or white marble.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flor"en*tine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or

inhabitant of Florence, a city in Italy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of silk.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of pudding or tart; a kind of meat

pie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Stealing custards, tarts, and <qex>florentines</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Flo*res"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Florescent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A bursting

into flower; a blossoming.</def>



<au>Martyn.</au>



<hw>Flo*res"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>florescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>florescere</ets> begin to

blossom, incho. fr. <ets>florere</ets> to blossom, fr.

<ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower. See

<er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <def>Expanding into flowers;

blossoming.</def>



<hw>Flo"ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>florete</ets>, F. <ets>fleurette</ets>, dim. of OF.

<ets>lor</ets>, F. <ets>fleur</ets>. See <er>Flower</er>, and cf.

<er>Floweret</er>, 3d <er>Ferret</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A little flower; one of the numerous

little flowers which compose the head or anthodium in such

flowers as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>fleuret</ets>.]</ety> <def>A foil; a

blunt sword used in fencing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Flo"ri*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flos</ets>, <ets>flori<?/</ets>, flower.]</ety> <def>Bloom;

blossom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Scott.</au>



<hw>Flo"ri*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having floral ornaments; <as>as,

<ex>floriated</ex> capitals of Gothic pillars</as>.</def>



<hw>Flo*ric"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>coma</ets>

hair.]</ety> <def>Having the head adorned with flowers.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Flo`ri*cul"tur*al</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 135)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to the cultivation of flowering

plants.</def>



<hw>Flo"ri*cul`ture</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 135, 277)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower

+ <ets>cultura</ets> culture.]</ety> <def>The cultivation of

flowering plants.</def>



<hw>Flo`ri*cul"tur*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

skilled in the cultivation of flowers; a florist.</def>



<hw>Flor"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>floridus</ets>, fr. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>,

flower. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered with

flowers; abounding in flowers; flowery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Fruit from a pleasant and <qex>florid</qex> tree.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bright in color; flushed with red; of a lively

reddish color; <as>as, a <ex>florid</ex> countenance</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Embellished with flowers of rhetoric; enriched

to excess with figures; excessively ornate; <as>as, a

<ex>florid</ex> style; <ex>florid</ex> eloquence.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Flowery; ornamental; running

in rapid melodic figures, divisions, or passages, as in

variations; full of fioriture or little ornamentations.</def>



<hw>Flor"i*da bean"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The large, roundish, flattened seed of

<spn>Mucuna urens</spn>. See under <er>Bean</er>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the very large seeds of the <spn>Entada

scandens</spn>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Flo*rid"e*\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, a

flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A subclass of alg\'91

including all the red or purplish seaweeds; the

<spn>Rhodosperme\'91</spn> of many authors; -- so called from the

rosy or florid color of most of the species.</def>



<hw>Flo*rid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being florid; floridness.</def>



<au>Floyer.</au>



<hw>Flor"id*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

florid manner.</def>



<hw>Flor"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

florid.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Flo*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>florifer</ets>; <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower +

<ets>ferre</ets> to bear; cf. F. <ets>florif\'8are</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing flowers.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<-- p. 573 -->



<hw>Flo`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>facere</ets> to

make.]</ety> <def>The act, process, or time of flowering;

florescence.</def>



<hw>Flo"ri*form</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>-form</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>floriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a

flower; flower-shaped.</def>



<hw>Flo"ri*ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian bustard (<spn>Otis

aurita</spn>). The Bengal floriken is <spn>Sypheotides

Bengalensis</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>florikan</asp>, <asp>floriken</asp>,

<asp>florican</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Flo"ri*lege</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>florilegus</ets> flower-culling; <ets>flos</ets>,

<ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>legere</ets> to gather: cf. F.

<ets>floril\'8age</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of gathering

flowers.</def>



<hw>Flo"ri*mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Floramour</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flor"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>florin</ets>, It. <ets>florino</ets>, orig., a Florentine

coin, with a lily on it, fr. <ets>flore</ets> a flower, fr. L.

<ets>flos</ets>. See <er>Flower</er>, and cf.

<er>Floren</er>.]</ety> <def>A silver coin of Florence, first

struck in the twelfth century, and noted for its beauty. The name

is given to different coins in different countries. The florin of

England, first minted in 1849, is worth two shillings, or about

48 cents; the florin of the Netherlands, about 40 cents; of

Austria, about 36 cents.</def>



<hw>Flo"rist</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fleuriste</ets>, <ets>floriste</ets>, fr. F.

<ets>fleur</ets> flower. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A cultivator of, or dealer in, flowers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who writes a flora, or an account of

plants.</def>



<hw>Flo*roon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fleuron</ets>. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <def>A border

worked with flowers.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Flor"u*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>florulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>,

flower.]</ety> <def>Flowery; blossoming.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Flos"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flosculous.</def>



<hw>Flos`cu*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

L. <ets>flosculus</ets> a floweret.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of a group of stalked rotifers, having ciliated

tentacles around the lobed disk.</def>



<hw>Flos*cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flosculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>flos</ets> flower: cf. F.

<ets>floscule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

floret.</def>



<hw>Flos"cu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of many gamopetalous

florets.</def>



<hw>\'d8Flos`-fer"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.,

flower of iron.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of

aragonite, occuring in delicate white coralloidal forms; --

common in beds of iron ore.</def>



<hw>Flosh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>fl\'94sse</ets> a trough in which tin ore is washed.]</ety>

<fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>A hopper-shaped box or <?/nortar in

which ore is placed for the action of the stamps.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Floss</hw> <pr>(?; 195)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>floscio</ets> flabby, soft, fr. L. <ets>fluxus</ets>

flowing, loose, slack. See <er>Flux</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The slender styles of the

pistillate flowers of maize; also called

<altname>silk</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Untwisted filaments of silk, used in

embroidering.</def>



<cs><col>Floss silk</col>, <cd>silk that has been twisted, and

which retains its loose and downy character. It is much used in

embroidery. Called also <altname>floxed silk</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Floss thread</col>, <cd>a kind of soft flaxen yarn or

thread, used for embroidery; -- called also <altname>linen

floss</altname>, and <altname>floss yarn</altname>.</cd></cs>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Floss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>floss</ets> a

float.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small stream of water.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fluid glass floating on iron in the puddling

furnace, produced by the vitrification of oxides and earths which

are present.</def>



<cs><col>Floss hole</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hole at the back of

a puddling furnace, at which the slags pass out.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The tap hole of a melting furnace.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Flos`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Florification</er>.]</ety> <def>A flowering;

florification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Floss"y</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, made of, or resembling, floss; hence, light; downy.</def>



<hw>\'d8Flo"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. See

<er>Flotilla</er>.]</ety> <def>A fleet; especially, a <?/eet of

Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year from Cadiz to Vera

Cruz, in Mexico, to transport to Spain the production of Spanish

America.</def>



<hw>Flo"tage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>flotage</ets>, F. <ets>flottage</ets>, fr.

<ets>flotter</ets> to float.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

floating.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which floats on the sea or in rivers.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>floatage</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Flo"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>flotant</ets>, F. <ets>flottant</ets>, p.pr. of

<ets>flotter</ets> to float.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Represented as flying or streaming in the air; <as>as, a

banner <ex>flotant</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Flo*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>flottation</ets> a floating, <ets>flottaison</ets> water

line, fr. <ets>flotter</ets> to float. See

<er>Flotilla</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act, process, or

state of floating.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The science of floating bodies.</def>



<cs><col>Center of flotation</col>. <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The center of any given plane of flotation.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>More commonly, the middle of the length of the

load water line.</cd> <au>Rankine.</au> -- <mcol><col>Plane, <or/

Line</col>, <col>of flotation</col></mcol>, <cd>the plane or line

in which the horizontal surface of a fluid cuts a body floating

in it. See <er>Bearing</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 9 (<it>c<it>).</cd>

-- <col>Surface of flotation</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>,

<cd>the imaginary surface which all the planes of flotation touch

when a vessel rolls or pitches; the envelope of all such

planes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fleet; to

skim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Flote</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flot</ets>, L.

<ets>fluctus</ets>; also cf. <er>Float</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A wave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe Mediterranean

<xex>flote</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flot"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wavy;

flowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With <qex>flotery</qex> beard.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Flo*til"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>flotilla</ets>, dim. of <ets>flota</ets> fleet; akin to F.

<ets>flotte</ets>, It. <ets>flotta</ets>, and F. <ets>flot</ets>

wave, fr. L. <ets>fluctus</ets>, but prob. influenced by words

akin to E. <ets>float</ets>. See <er>Fluctuate</er>, and cf.

<er>Float</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A little fleet, or a

fleet of small vessels.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Flot"sam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Flot"son</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>flotter</ets>

to float. See <er>FFlotilla</er>, and cf. <er>Jetsam</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on

the sea; -- in distinction from <xex>jetsam</xex> or

<xex>jetson</xex>.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Flot"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <mord>of

<er>Flote</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></mord> <def>Skimmed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flounce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flounced</er>

<pr>(flounst)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flouncing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OSw. <ets>flunsa</ets> to

immerge.]</ety> <def>To throw the limbs and body one way and the

other; to spring, turn, or twist with sudden effort or violence;

to struggle, as a horse in mire; to flounder; to throw one's self

with a jerk or spasm, often as in displeasure.</def>



<q>To flutter and <qex>flounce</qex> will do nothing but batter

and bruise us.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<q>With his broad fins and forky tail he laves

The rising sirge, and <qex>flounces</qex> in the waves.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Flounce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

floucing; a sudden, jerking motion of the body.</def>



<hw>Flounce</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>flaus</ets>,

<ets>flausch</ets>, a tuft of wool or hair; akin to

<ets>vliess</ets>, E. <ets>fleece</ets>; or perh. corrupted fr.

<ets>rounce</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ornamental appendage to the

skirt of a woman's dress, consisting of a strip gathered and

sewed on by its upper edge around the skirt, and left

hanging.</def>



<hw>Flounce</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To deck with a flounce or

flounces; <as>as, to <ex>flounce</ex> a petticoat or a

frock</as>.</def>



<hw>Floun"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.

<ets>flundra</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>flynder</ets>, Icel.

<ets>fly<?/ra</ets>, G. <ets>flunder</ets>, and perh. to E.

<ets>flounder</ets>, v.i.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flatfish of the family

<spn>Pleuronectid\'91</spn>, of many species.</def>



<note><hand/ The common English flounder is <spn>Pleuronectes

flesus</spn>. There are several common American species used as

food; as the smooth flounder (<spn>P. glabra</spn>); the rough or

winter flounder (<spn>P. Americanus</spn>); the summer flounder,

or plaice (<spn>Paralichthys dentatus</spn>), Atlantic coast; and

the starry flounder (<spn>Pleuronectes stellatus</spn>).</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bootmaking)</fld> <def>A tool used in crimping

boot fronts.</def>



<hw>Floun"der</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Floundered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Floundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>flodderen</ets> to flap, splash through mire, E.

<ets>flounce</ets>, v.i., and <ets>flounder</ets> the

fish.]</ety> <def>To fling the limbs and body, as in making

efforts to move; to struggle, as a horse in the mire, or as a

fish on land; to roll, toss, and tumble; to flounce.</def>



<q>They have <qex>floundered</qex> on from blunder to

blunder.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Floun"der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><def>The act of

floundering.</def>



<hw>Flour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>fleur de

farine</ets> the flower (<it>i.e.</it>, the best) of meal, cf.

Sp. <ets>flor de la harina</ets> superfine flour, Icel.

<ets>fl\'81r</ets> flower, flour. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety>

<def>The finely ground meal of wheat, or of any other grain;

especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence,

the fine and soft powder of any substance; <as>as, <ex>flour</ex>

of emery; <ex>flour</ex> of mustard.</as></def>



<cs><col>Flour bolt</col>, <cd>in milling, a gauze-covered,

revolving, cylindrical frame or reel, for sifting the flour from

the refuse contained in the meal yielded by the stones.</cd> --

<col>Flour box</col> <cd>a tin box for scattering flour; a

dredging box.</cd> -- <col>Flour</col> <col>dredge <or/

dredger</col></mcol>, <cd>a flour box.</cd> -- <col>Flour

dresser</col>, <cd>a mashine for sorting and distributing flour

according to grades of fineness.</cd> -- <col>Flour mill</col>,

<cd>a mill for grinding and sifting flour.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flour</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Floured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flouring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

grind and bolt; to convert into flour; <as>as, to <ex>flour</ex>

wheat</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sprinkle with flour.</def>



<hw>Floured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Finely

granulated; -- said of quicksilver which has been granulated by

agitation during the amalgamation process.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Flour"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flourished</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flourishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>florisshen</ets>, <ets>flurisshen</ets>, OF.

<ets>flurir</ets>, F. <ets>fleurir</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>florere</ets> to bloom, fr. <ets>flos</ets>,

<ets>floris</ets>, flower. See <er>Flower</er>, and

<er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow luxuriantly; to

increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing plant; a thrive.</def>



<q>A tree thrives and <qex>flourishes</qex> in a kindly . . .

soil.</q>

<qau>Bp. Horne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be prosperous; to increase in wealth, honor,

comfort, happiness, or whatever is desirable; to thrive; to be

prominent and influental; specifically, of authors, painters,

etc., to be in a state of activity or production.</def>



<q>When all the workers of iniquity do <qex>flourish</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. xcii 7</qau>



<q>Bad men as frequently prosper and <qex>flourish</qex>, and

that by the means of their wickedness.</q>

<qau>Nelson.</qau>



<q>We say

Of those that held their heads above the crowd,

They <qex>flourished</qex> then or then.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To use florid language; to indulge in rhetorical

figures and lofty expressions; to be flowery.</def>



<q>They dilate . . . and <qex>flourish</qex> long on little

incidents.</q>

<qau>J. Watts.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton

movements, by way of ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play

with fantastic and irregular motion.</def>



<q>Impetuous spread

The stream, and smoking <qex>flourished</qex> o'er his head.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make ornamental strokes with the pen; to

write graceful, decorative figures.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To execute an irregular or fanciful strain of

music, by way of ornament or prelude.</def>



<q>Why do the emperor's trumpets <qex>flourish</qex> thus?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To boast; to vaunt; to brag.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Flour"ish</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To adorn

with flowers orbeautiful figures, either natural or artificial;

to ornament with anything showy; to embellish.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fenton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To embellish with the flowers of diction; to

adorn with rhetorical figures; to grace with ostentatious

eloquence; to set off with a parade of words.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Sith that the justice of your title to him

Doth <qex>flourish</qex> the deceit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move in bold or irregular figures; to swing

about in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph; to

brandish.</def>



<q>And <qex>flourishes</qex> his blade in spite of me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To develop; to make thrive; to expand.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Bottoms of thread . . . which with a good needle, perhaps <?/

may be <qex>flourished</qex> into large works.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Flour"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flourishes</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

flourishing condition; prosperity; vigor.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The Roman monarchy, in her highest <qex>flourish</qex>, never

had the like.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Decoration; ornament; beauty.</def>



<q>The <qex>flourish</qex> of his sober youth

Was the pride of naked truth.</q>

<qau>Crashaw.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something made or performed in a fanciful,

wanton, or vaunting manner, by way of ostentation, to excite

admiration, etc.; ostentatious embellishment; ambitious

copiousness or amplification; parade of word<?/ and figures;

show; <as>as, a <ex>flourish</ex> of rhetoric or of

wit</as>.</def>



<q>He lards with <qex>flourishes</qex> his long harangue.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a merely

decorative figure.</def>



<q>The neat characters and <qex>flourishes</qex> of a Bible

curiously printed.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A fantastic or decorative musical passage; a

strain of triumph or bravado, not forming part of a regular

musical composition; a cal; a fanfare.</def>



<q>A <qex>flourish</qex>, trumpets! strike alarum, drums!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The waving of a weapon or other thing; a

brandishing; <as>as, the <ex>fluorish</ex> of a sword</as>.</def>



<hw>Flour"ish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

flourishes.</def>



<hw>Flour"ish*ing*ly</hw><def>, adv. In a flourishing manner;

ostentatiously.</def>



<hw>Flour"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

resembling flour; mealy; covered with flour.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Flout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flouted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Flouting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OD.

<ets>fluyten</ets> to play the flute, to jeer, D.

<ets>fluiten</ets>, fr. <ets>fluit</ets>, fr. French. See

<er>Flute</er>.]</ety> <def>To mock or insult; to treat with

contempt.</def>



<q>Phillida <qex>flouts</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Walton.</qau>



<q>Three gaudy standarts <qex>lout</qex> the pale blue sky.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Flout</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To practice mocking; to

behave with contempt; to sneer; to fleer; -- often with

<xex>at</xex>.</def>



<q>Fleer and gibe, and laugh and <qex>flout</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Flout</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mock; an insult.</def>



<q>Who put your beauty to this <qex>flout</qex> and scorn.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Flout"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

flouts; a mocker.</def>



<hw>Flout"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With flouting;

insultingly; <as>as, to treat a lover

<ex>floutingly</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Flow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.

sing.</pos> of <er>Fly</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>FFlowed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>fl\'d3wan</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>vloeijen</ets>, OHG. <ets>flawen</ets> to wash,

Icel. <ets>fl\'d3a</ets> to deluge, Gr. <?/ to float, sail, and

prob. ultimately to E. <ets>float</ets>, <ets>fleet</ets>.

\'fb80. Cf. <er>Flood</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move with

a continual change of place among the particles or parts, as a

fluid; to change place or circulate, as a liquid; <as>as, rivers

<ex>flow</ex> from springs and lakes; tears <ex>flow</ex> from

the eyes.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become liquid; to melt.</def>



<q>The mountains <qex>flowed</qex> down at thy presence.</q>

<qau>Is. lxiv. 3.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pproceed; to issue forth; <as>as, wealth

<ex>flows</ex> from industry and economy</as>.</def>



<q>Those thousand decencies that daily <qex>flow</qex>

From all her words and actions.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To glide along smoothly, without harshness or

asperties; <as>as, a <ex>flowing</ex> period; <ex>flowing</ex>

numbers</as>; to sound smoothly to the ear; to be uttered

easily.</def>



<q>Virgil is sweet and <qex>flowing</qex>in his hexameters.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To have or be in abundance; to abound; to full,

so as to run or flow over; to be copious.</def>



<q>In that day . . . the hills shall <qex>flow</qex> with

milk.</q>

<qau>Joel iii. 18.</qau>



<q>The exhilaration of a night that needed not the influence of

the <qex>flowing</qex> bowl.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To hang loose and waving; <as>as, a

<ex>flowing</ex> mantle; <ex>flowing</ex> locks.</as></def>



<q>The imperial purple <qex>flowing</qex> in his train.</q>

<qau>A. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To rise, as the tide; -- opposed to

<xex>ebb</xex>; <as>as, the tide <ex>flows</ex> twice in

twenty-four hours</as>.</def>



<q>The river hath thrice <qex>flowed</qex>, no ebb between.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To discharge blood in excess from the

uterus.</def>



<hw>Flow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with

water or other liquid; to overflow; to inundate; to flood.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with varnish.</def>



<hw>Flow</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stream of water

or other fluid; a current; <as>as, a <ex>flow</ex> of water; a

<ex>flow</ex> of blood.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A continuous movement of something abundant;

<as>as, a <ex>flow</ex> of words</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any gentle, gradual movement or procedure of

thought, diction, music, or the like, resembling the quiet,

steady movement of a river; a stream.</def>



<q>The feast of reason and the <qex>flow</qex> of soul.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The tidal setting in of the water from the ocean

to the shore. See <cref>Ebb and flow</cref>, under

<er>Ebb</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A low-lying piece of watery land; -- called also

<altname>flow moss</altname> and <altname>flow

bog</altname>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Flow"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

overflowing with water; also, the water which thus

overflows.</def>



<hw>Flow"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.

pl.</pos> of <er>Fly</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Flow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flour</ets>, OF. <ets>flour</ets>, <ets>flur</ets>,

<ets>flor</ets>, F. <ets>fleur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>flos</ets>,

<ets>floris</ets>. Cf. <er>Blossom</er>, <er>Effloresce</er>,

<er>Floret</er>, <er>Florid</er>, <er>Florin</er>,

<er>Flour</er>, <er>Flourish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In the

popular sense, the bloom or blossom of a plant; the showy

portion, usually of a different color, shape, and texture from

the foliage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of a plant destined

to produce seed, and hence including one or both of the sexual

organs; an organ or combination of the organs of reproduction,

whether inclosed by a circle of foliar parts or not. A complete

<xex>flower</xex> consists of two essential parts, the stamens

and the pistil, and two floral envelopes, the corolla and callyx.

In mosses the flowers consist of a few special leaves surrounding

or subtending organs called archegonia. See <er>Blossom</er>, and

<er>Corolla</er>.</def>



<-- p. 574 -->



<note><hand/ If we examine a common flower, such for instance as

a geranium, we shall find that it consists of: First, an outer

envelope or <xex>calyx</xex>, sometimes tubular, sometimes

consisting of separate leaves called <xex>sepals</xex>; secondly,

an inner envelope or <xex>corolla</xex>, which is generally more

or less colored, and which, like the calyx, is sometimes tubular,

sometimes composed of separate leaves called <xex>petals</xex>;

thirdly, one or more <xex>stamens</xex>, consisting of a stalk or

<xex>filament</xex> and a head or <xex>anther</xex>, in which the

<xex>pollen</xex> is produced; and fourthly, a <xex>pistil</xex>,

which is situated in the center of the flower, and consists

generally of three principal parts; one or more compartments at

the base, each containing one or more seeds; the <xex>stalk</xex>

or <xex>style</xex>; and the <xex>stigma</xex>, which in many

familiar instances forms a small head, at the top of the style or

ovary, and to which the pollen must find its way in order to

fertilize the flower.</note>



<au>Sir J. Lubbock.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The fairest, freshest, and choicest part of

anything; <as>as, the <ex>flower</ex> of an army, or of a

family</as>; the state or time of freshness and bloom; <as>as,

the <ex>flower</ex> of life, that is, youth</as>.</def>



<q>The choice and <qex>flower</qex> of all things profitable the

Psalms do more briefly contain.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>The <qex>flower</qex> of the chivalry of all Spain.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<q>A simple maiden in her <qex>flower</qex>

Is worth a hundred coats of arms.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Grain pulverized; meal; flour.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>flowers</qex> of grains, mixed with water, will make

a sort of glue.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Old. Chem.)</fld> <def>A

substance in the form of a powder, especially when condensed from

sublimation; <as>as, the <ex>flowers</ex> of sulphur</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A figure of speech; an ornament of style.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Ornamental

type used chiefly for borders around pages, cards, etc.</def>



<au>W. Savage.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Menstrual discharges.</def>



<au>Lev. xv. 24.</au>



<cs><col>Animal flower</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Animal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cut flowers</col>, <cd>flowers cut

from the stalk, as for making a bouquet.</cd> -- <col>Flower

bed</col>, <cd>a plat in a garden for the cultivation of

flowers.</cd> -- <col>Flower beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>any beetle which feeds upon flowers, esp. any one of numerous

small species of the genus <spn>Meligethes</spn>, family

<spn>Nitidulid\'91</spn>, some of which are injurious to

crops.</cd> -- <col>Flower bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>an Australian bird of the genus <spn>Anthornis</spn>, allied

to the honey eaters.</cd> -- <col>Flower bud</col>, <cd>an

unopened flower.</cd> -- <col>Flower clock</col>, <cd>an

assemblage of flowers which open and close at different hours of

the day, thus indicating the time.</cd> -- <col>Flower head</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a compound flower in which all the florets

are sessile on their receptacle, as in the case of the

daisy.</cd> -- <col>Flower pecker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>one of a family (<spn>Dic\'91id\'91</spn>) of small Indian

and Australian birds. They resemble humming birds in habits.</cd>

-- <col>Flower piece</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A table ornament

made of cut flowers.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>

<cd>A picture of flowers.</cd> -- <col>Flower stalk</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the peduncle of a plant, or the stem that

supports the flower or fructification.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flowered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flowering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the noun. Cf.

<er>Flourish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To blossom; to bloom;

to expand the petals, as a plant; to produce flowers; <as>as,

this plant <ex>flowers</ex> in June</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come into the finest or fairest

condition.</def>



<q>Their lusty and <qex>flowering</qex> age.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<q>When <qex>flowered</qex> my youthful spring.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To froth; to ferment gently, as new beer.</def>



<q>That beer did <qex>flower</qex> a little.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To come off as flowers by sublimation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Observations which have <qex>flowered</qex> off.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Flow"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To embellish with

flowers; to adorn with imitated flowers; <as>as,

<ex>flowered</ex> silk</as>.</def>



<hw>Flow"er*age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State

of flowers; flowers, collectively or in general.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Flow"er-de-luce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>fleur-de-lis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial herbs

(<spn>Iris</spn>) with swordlike leaves and large three-petaled

flowers often of very gay colors, but probably white in the plant

first chosen for the royal French emblem.</def>



<note><hand/ There are nearly one hundred species, natives of the

north temperate zone. Some of the best known are <spn>Iris

Germanica</spn>, <spn>I. Florentina</spn>, <spn>I. Persica</spn>,

<spn>I. sambucina</spn>, and the American <spn>I.

versicolor</spn>, <spn>I. prismatica</spn>, etc.</note>



<hw>Flow"er/er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plant

which flowers or blossoms.</def>



<q>Many hybrids are profuse and persistent

<qex>flowerers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Flow"er*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>A small

flower; a floret.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Flow"er-fence`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tropical leguminous bush

(<spn>Poinciana, <or/ C\'91salpinia, pulcherrima</spn>) with

prickly branches, and showy yellow or red flowers; -- so named

from its having been sometimes used for hedges in the West

Indies.</def>



<au>Baird.</au>



<hw>Flow"er*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding

with flowers.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Flow"er-gen`tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of amaranth (<spn>Amarantus

melancholicus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Flow"er*i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being flowery.</def>



<hw>Flow"er*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

conspicuous flowers; -- used as an epithet with many names of

plants; <as>as, <ex>flowering</ex> ash; <ex>flowering</ex>

dogwood; <ex>flowering</ex> almond, etc.</as></def>



<cs><col>Flowering fern</col>, <cd>a genus of showy ferns

(<spn>Osmunda</spn>), with conspicuous bivalvular sporangia. They

usually grow in wet places.</cd> -- <col>Flowering plants</col>,

<cd>plants which have stamens and pistils, and produce true

seeds; phenogamous plants; -- distinguished from <xex>flowerless

plants<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Flowering rush</col>, <cd>a European

rushlike plant (<spn>Butomus umbellatus</spn>), with an umbel of

rosy blossoms.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flow"er*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

blossoming, or the season when plants blossom;

florification.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of adorning with flowers.</def>



<hw>Flow"er*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

flowers.</def>



<cs><col>Flowerless plants</col>, <cd>plants which have no true

flowers, and produce no seeds; cryptigamous plants.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flow"er*less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

without flowers.</def>



<hw>Flow"er*pot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vessel,

commonly or earthenware, for earth in which plants are

grown.</def>



<hw>Flow"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of flowers; abounding with blossoms.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Highly embellished with figurative language;

florid; <as>as, a <ex>flowery</ex> style</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>The flowery kingdom</col>, <cd>China.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flow"er*y-kir`tled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Dressed with garlands of flowers.</def> <mark>[Poetic &

Rare]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Flow"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That flows or for flowing

(in various sense of the verb); gliding along smoothly;

copious.</def>



<cs><col>Flowing battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a battery

which is kept constant by the flowing of the exciting liquid

through the cell or cells.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Flowing

furnace</col>, <cd>a furnace from which molten metal, can be

drawn, as through a tap hole; a foundry cupola.</cd> --

<col>Flowing sheet</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a sheet when

eased off, or loosened to the wind, as when the wind is abaft the

beam.</cd></cs>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Flow"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from

<er>Flow</er>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos></def>



<hw>Flow"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flowing

manner.</def>



<hw>Flow"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Flowing tendency or

quality; fluency.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>W. Nichols.</au>



<hw>Flowk</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Fluke</er>.</def>



<hw>Flown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Fly</er>; -- often used with the auxiliary verb <xex>to

be</xex>; <as>as, the birds are <ex>flown</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Flown</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Flushed, inflated.

<note>[Supposed by some to be a mistake for <xex>blown</xex> or

<xex>swoln</xex>.]</note></def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>Then wander forth the sons

Of Belial, <qex>flown</qex> with insolence and wine.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Floxed" silk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <cref>Floss

silk</cref>, under <er>Floss</er>.</def>



<hw>Floyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>A variant

of <er>Flute</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flu"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fluate</ets>. See <er>Fluor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A fluoride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flu"a*vil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon extracted

from gutta-percha, as a yellow, resinous substance; -- called

also <altname>fluanil</altname>.</def>



<hw>Flu"can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>Soft clayey matter in the vein, or surrounding it.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>flookan</asp>, <asp>flukan</asp>, and

<asp>fluccan</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fluc*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluctus</ets> wave + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending

to produce waves.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Fluc*tis"o*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluctisonus</ets>; <ets>fluctus</ets> wave +

<ets>sonus</ets> sound.]</ety> <def>Sounding like waves.</def>



<hw>Fluc`tu*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The capacity or ability to fluctuate.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>H. Walpole.</au>



<hw>Fluc"tu*ant</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluctuans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>fluctuare</ets>. See

<er>Fluctuate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving like a wave;

wavering</def>; <def2><fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>showing undulation

or fluctuation; <as>as, a <ex>fluctuant</ex>

tumor</as>.</def></def2>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Floating on the waves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fluc"tu*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fluctuated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fluctuating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fluctuatus</ets>, p.p.

of <ets>fluctuare</ets>, to wave, fr. <ets>fluctus</ets> wave,

fr. <ets>fluere</ets>, <ets>fluctum</ets>, to flow. See

<er>Fluent</er>, and cf. <er>Flotilla</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To move as a wave; to roll hither and thither; to wave; to

float backward and forward, as on waves; <as>as, a

<ex>fluctuating</ex> field of air</as>.</def>



<au>Blackmore.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move now in one direction and now in another;

to be wavering or unsteady; to be irresolute or undetermined; to

vacillate.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To waver; vacillate; hesitate; scruple.</syn>

<usage> -- To <er>Fluctuate</er>, <er>Vacillate</er>,

<er>Waver</er>. -- <xex>Fluctuate</xex> is applied both to things

and persons and denotes that they move as they are acted upon.

The stocks <xex>fluctuate</xex>; a man <xex>fluctuates</xex>.

between conflicting influences. <xex>Vacillate</xex> and

<xex>waver</xex> are applied to persons to represent them as

acting themselves. A man <xex>vacillates</xex> when he goes

backward and forward in his opinions and purposes, without any

fixity of mind or principles. A man <xex>wavers</xex> when he

shrinks back or hesitates at the approach of difficulty or

danger. One who is <xex>fluctuating</xex> in his feelings is

usually <xex>vacillating</xex> in resolve, and

<xex>wavering</xex> in execution.</usage>



<hw>Fluc"tu*ate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to move as a

wave; to put in motion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>And <qex>fluctuate</qex> all the still perfume.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Fluc`tu*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluctuatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>fluctuation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A motion like that of waves; a moving in this

and that direction; <as>as, the <ex>fluctuations</ex> of the

sea</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wavering; unsteadiness; <as>as,

<ex>fluctuations</ex> of opinion; <ex>fluctuations</ex> of

prices.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The motion or undulation of a

fluid collected in a natural or artifical cavity, which is felt

when it is subjected to pressure or percussion.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Flue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>flue</ets> a flowing, fr. <ets>fluer</ets> to flow, fr. L.

<ets>fluere</ets> (cf. <er>Fluent</er>); a perh. a corruption of

E. <ets>flute</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inclosed passage way for

establishing and directing a current of air, gases, etc.; an air

passage</def>; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A compartment or division

of a chimney for conveying flame and smoke to the outer

air</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A passage way for conducting a

current of fresh, foul, or heated air from one place to

another</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld> <def>A pipe

or passage for conveying flame and hot gases through surrounding

water in a boiler; -- distinguished from a tube which holds water

and is surrounded by fire. Small flues are called <xex>fire

tubes</xex> or simply <xex>tubes</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Flue boiler</col>. <cd>See under <er>Boiler</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Flue bridge</col>, <cd>the separating low wall between

the flues and the laboratory of a reverberatory furnace.</cd> --

<col>Flue plate</col> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld>, <cd>a plate to

which the ends of the flues are fastened; -- called also

<altname>flue sheet</altname>, <altname>tube sheet</altname>, and

<altname>tube plate</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Flue surface</col>

<fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld>, <cd>the aggregate surface of flues

exposed to flame or the hot gases.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>flou</ets> light, tender, G. <ets>flau</ets> weak, W.

<ets>llwch</ets> dust. <root/84.]</ety> <def>Light down, such as

rises from cotton, fur, etc.; very fine lint or hair.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Flu"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fluency.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Flu"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fluence</ets>. See

<er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being fluent;

smoothness; readiness of utterance; volubility.</def>



<q>The art of expressing with <qex>fluency</qex> and

perspicuity.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Flu"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>fluere</ets>

to flow; cf. Gr. <?/ to boil over. Cf. <er>Fluctuate</er>,

<er>Flux</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Flowing or capable of

flowing; liquid; glodding; easily moving.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ready in the use of words; voluble; copious;

having words at command; and uttering them with facility and

smoothness; <as>as, a <ex>fluent</ex> speaker</as>; hence,

flowing; voluble; smooth; -- said of language; <as>as,

<ex>fluent</ex> speech</as>.</def>



<q>With most <qex>fluent</qex> utterance.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q><qex>Fluent</qex> as the flight of a swallow is the sultan's

letter.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Flu"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A current of

water; a stream.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluente</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A variable quantity, considered as

increasing or diminishing; -- called, in the modern calculus, the

<altname>function</altname> or <altname>integral</altname>.</def>



<hw>Flu"ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fluent

manner.</def>



<hw>Flu"ent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

fluent.</def>



<hw>Flue"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>A general name for organ stops in which the sound is caused

by wind passing through a flue or fissure and striking an edge

above; -- in distinction from <xex>reedwork</xex>.</def>



<hw>Flue"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[2d

<er>Flue</er>.]</ety> <def>Downy; fluffy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fluff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. 2d

<er>Flue</er>. <?/ 84.]</ety> <def>Nap or down; flue; soft, downy

feathers.</def>



<hw>Fluff"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Fluffier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Fluffiest</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, fluff or nap; soft and

downy.</def> \'bdThe carpets were <xex>fluffy</xex>.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<q>The present Barnacle . . . had a youthful aspect, and the

<qex>fluffiest</qex> little whisker, perhaps, that ever was

seen.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fluff"i*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Fl\'81"gel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., a

wing.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A grand piano or a

harpsichord, both being wing-shaped.</def>



<hw>Flu"gel*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>fl\'81gelman</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Fugleman</er>.</def>



<hw>Flu"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluidus</ets>, fr. <ets>fluere</ets> to flow: cf. F.

<ets>fluide</ets>. See <er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>Having

particles which easily move and change their relative position

without a separation of the mass, and which easily yield to

pressure; capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous.</def>



<hw>Flu"id</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fluid substance; a body

whose particles move easily among themselves.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fluid</xex> is a generic term, including

liquids and gases as species. Water, air, and steam are

<xex>fluids</xex>. By analogy, the term is sometimes applied to

electricity and magnetism, as in phrases electric

<xex>fluid</xex>, magnetic <xex>fluid</xex>, though not strictly

appropriate.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Fluid dram</col>, <or/ <col>Fluid

drachm</col></mcol>, <cd>a measure of capacity equal to one

eighth of a fluid ounce.</cd> -- <col>Fluid ounce</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In the United States, a measure of capacity, in

apothecaries' or wine measure, equal to one sixteenth of a pint

or 29.57 cubic centimeters. This, for water, is about 1.04158

ounces avoirdupois, or 455.6 grains.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In

England, a measure of capacity equal to the twentieth part of an

imperial pint. For water, this is the weight of the avoirdupois

ounce, or 437.5 grains.</cd> -- <col>Fluids of the body</col>.

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>The circulating blood and lymph, the

chyle, the gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal juices, the

saliva, bile, urine, aqueous humor, and muscle serum are the more

important <xex>fluids of the body<xex>. The tissues themselves

contain a large amount of combined water, so much, that an entire

human body dried <xex>in vacuo<xex> with a very moderate degree

of heat gives about 66 per cent of water.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Burning fluid</col>, <col>Elastic fluid</col>,

<col>Electric fluid</col>, <col>Magnetic fluid</col>, etc.</mcol>

<cd>See under <er>Burning</er>, <er>Elastic</er>, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flu"id*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

a fluid, or to its flowing motion.</def>



<cs><col>Fluidal structure</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the

structure characteristic of certain volcanic rocks in which the

arrangement of the minute crystals shows the lines of flow of

thew molten material before solidification; -- also called

<altname>fluxion structure</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flu*in"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fluidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being fluid or

capable of flowing; a liquid, a\'89riform. or gaseous state; --

opposed to <xex>solidity</xex>.</def>



<q>It was this want of organization, this looseness and

<qex>fluidity</qex> of the new movement, that made it penetrate

through every class of society.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<hw>Flu"id*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fluidized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fluidizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render fluid.</def>



<hw>Flu"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

flluid; fluidity.</def>



<hw>Flu"id*ounce`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <cref>Fluid

ounce</cref>, under <er>Fluid</er>.</def>



<hw>Flu"i*drachm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<cref>Fluid dram</cref>, under <er>Fluid</er>.</def>



<au>Pharm. of the U. S.</au>



<hw>Flu"kan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>Flucan.</def>



<-- p. 575 -->



<hw>Fluke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG.

<ets>flunk</ets>, <ets>flunka</ets> wing, the palm of an anchor;

perh. akin to E. <ets>fly</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The part

of an anchor which fastens in the ground; a flook. See

<er>Anchor</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the lobes of a

whale's tail, so called from the resemblance to the fluke of an

anchor.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument for cleaning out a hole drilled in

stone for blasting.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An accidental and favorable stroke at billiards

(called a <xex>scratch</xex> in the United States); hence, any

accidental or unexpected advantage; <as>as, he won by a

<ex>fluke</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>



<au>A. Trollope.</au>



<hw>Fluke"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as 1st <er>Fluke</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Fluk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed like, or

having, a fluke.</def>



<hw>Flume</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>flum</ets> river, OF, <ets>flum</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>flumen</ets>, fr. <ets>fluere</ets> to flow. \'fb84. See

<er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>A stream; especially, a passage

channel, or conduit for the water that drives a mill wheel; or an

artifical channel of water for hydraulic or placer mining; also,

a chute for conveying logs or lumber down a declivity.</def>



<hw>Flu"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>flumen</ets>, <ets>fluminis</ets>, river.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to rivers; abounding in streama.</def>



<hw>Flum"mer*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.

<ets>llumru</ets>, or <ets>llumruwd</ets>, a kind of food made of

oatmeal steeped in water until it has turned sour, fr.

<ets>llumrig</ets> harsh, raw, crude, fr. <ets>llum</ets> sharp,

severe.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A light kind of food, formerly

made of flour or meal; a sort of pap.</def>



<q>Milk and <qex>flummery</qex> are very fit for children.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something insipid, or not worth having; empty

compliment; trash; unsubstantial talk of writing.</def>



<q>The <qex>flummery</qex> of modern criticism.</q>

<qau>J. Morley.</qau>



<hw>Flung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Fling</er>.</def>



<hw>Flunk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flunked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flunking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Funk</er>.]</ety>

<def>To fail, as on a lesson; to back out, as from an

undertaking, through fear.</def>



<hw>Flunk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fail in; to shirk, as a

task or duty.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Flunk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A failure or backing

out</def>; specifically (<mark>College cant</mark>), <def>a total

failure in a recitation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Flun"ky</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flunkies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Prob. fr. or akin

to <ets>flank</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>flunkey</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A contemptuous name

for a liveried servant or a footman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is obsequious or cringing; a snob.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One easily deceived in buying stocks; an

inexperienced and unwary jobber.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Flun"ky*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The place

or region of flunkies.</def>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Flun"ly*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

or characteristics of a flunky; readiness to cringe to those who

are superior in wealth or position; toadyism.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Flu"o-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

combining form indicating <xex>fluorine</xex> as an ingredient;

as in <xex>fluo</xex>silicate, <xex>fluo</xex>benzene.</def>



<hw>Flu`o*bo"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fluoborate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of

fluoboric acid; a fluoboride.</def>



<hw>Flu`o*bo"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> <ets>boric</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fluoborique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to, derived from, or consisting of, fluorine and boron.</def>



<cs><col>Fluoridic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a double

fluoride, consisting essentially of a solution of boron fluoride,

in hydrofluoric acid. It has strong acid properties, and is the

type of the borofluorides. Called also <altname>borofluoric

acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flu`o*bo"ride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Borofluoride</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Flu`o*ce"rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Flu`o*ce"rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> + <ets>cerium</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fluoride of cerium, occuring near Fahlun

in Sweden. Tynosite, from Colorado, is probably the same

mineral.</def>



<hw>Flu`o*hy"dric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> + <ets>hydro</ets>gen.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hydrofluoric</er>.</def>



<hw>Flu`o*phos"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> + <ets>phosphate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double salt of fluoric and phosphoric

acids.</def>



<hw>\'d8Flu"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

flowing, fr. <ets>fluere</ets> to flow. See

<er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fluid state.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Menstrual flux; catamenia; menses.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fluorite</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Flu"or albus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., white

flow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The whites;

leucorrh\'91a.</def>



<hw>Flu`or*an"thene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fluor</ets>ene + <ets>anth</ets>ra<?/ene.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline hydrocarbon C<?/H<?/,

of a complex structure, found as one ingrdient of the higher

boiling portion of coal tar.</def>



<hw>Flu"or*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with fluorine; subjected to the

action of fluoride.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Flu`or*ene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon,

<chform>C13H10</chform> having a beautiful violet

<xex>fluorescence</xex>; whence its name. It occurs in the higher

boiling products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially.</def>



<hw>Flu`o*res"ce*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellowish red, crystalline substance,

<chform>C20H12O5</chform>, produced by heating together phthalic

anhydride and resorcin; -- so called, from the very brilliant

yellowish green <xex>fluorescence</xex> of its alkaline

solutions. It has acid properties, and its salts of the alkalies

are known to the trade under the name of <xex>uranin</xex>.</def>



<hw>Flu`o*res"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fluor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>That property which

some transparent bodies have of producing at their surface, or

within their substance, light different in color from the mass of

the material, as when green crystals of fluor spar afford blue

reflections. It is due not to the difference in the color of a

distinct surface layer, but to the power which the substance has

of modifying the light incident upon it. The light emitted by

fluorescent substances is in general of lower refrangibility than

the incident light.</def>



<au>Stockes.</au>



<hw>Flu`o*res"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the property of fluorescence.</def>



<hw>Flu`o*res"cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, amorphous substance which is

produced by the reduction of fluoresce\'8bn, and from which the

latter may be formed by oxidation.</def>



<hw>Flu*or"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fluorique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to, obtained from, or containing, fluorine.</def>



<hw>Flu"or*ide</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluoride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A binary compound of fluorine with another element or

radical.</def>



<cs><col>Calcium fluoride</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>fluorite,

<chform>CaF2</chform>. See <er>Fluorite</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flu"or*ine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>fluorina</ets>: cf. G. <ets>fluorin</ets>, F.

<ets>fluorine</ets>. So called from its occurrence in the mineral

<ets>fluorite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

non-metallic, gaseous element, strongly acid or negative, or

associated with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, in the halogen

group of which it is the first member. It always occurs combined,

is very active chemically, and possesses such an avidity for most

elements, and silicon especially, that it can neither be prepared

nor kept in glass vessels. If set free it immediately attacks the

containing material, so that it was not isolated until 1886. It

is a pungent, corrosive, colorless gas. Symbol F. Atomic weight

19.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fluorine</xex> unites with hydrogen to form

hydrofluoric acid, which is the agent employed in etching glass.

It occurs naturally, principally combined as calcium fluoride in

<xex>fluorite</xex>, and as a double fluoride of aluminium and

sodium in <xex>cryolite</xex>.</note>



<hw>Flu"or*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Calcium fluoride, a mineral of many different colors, white,

yellow, purple, green, red, etc., often very beautiful,

crystallizing commonly in cubes with perfect octahedral cleavage;

also massive. It is used as a flux. Some varieties are used for

ornamental vessels. Also called <altname>fluor spar</altname>, or

simply <altname>fluor</altname>.</def>



<hw>Flu"or*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fluor</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A tetrahexahedron; -- so called

because it is a common form of fluorite.</def>



<hw>Flu*or"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fluor</ets>escence + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>An instrument for observing or exhibiting

fluorescence.</def>



<hw>Flu"or*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to fluor.</def>



<hw>Flu"or spar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Fluorite</er>.</def>



<hw>Flu`o*sil"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>fluosilicate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

double fluoride of silicon and some other (usually basic) element

or radical, regarded as a salt of <xex>fluosilicic acid</xex>; --

called also <altname>silicofluoride</altname>.</def>



<hw>Flu`o*si*lic"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> + <ets>silicic</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fluosilicique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Composed

of, or derived from, silicon and fluorine.</def>



<cs><col>Fluosilicic acid</col>, <cd>a double fluoride of

hydrogen and silicon, <chform>H2F6Si</chform>, obtained in

solution in water as a sour fuming liquid, and regarded as the

type of the fluosilicates; -- called also <altname>silicofluoric

acid</altname>, and <altname>hydrofluosilicic

acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flur"ried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Agitated;

excited.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Flur"ried*ly</wf>

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Flur"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flurries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>flur</ets> to ruffle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden and

brief blast or gust; a light, temporary breeze; <as>as, a

<ex>flurry</ex> of wind</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A light shower or snowfall accompanied with

wind.</def>



<q>Like a <qex>flurry</qex> of snow on the whistling wind.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Violent agitation; commotion; bustle;

hurry.</def>



<q>The racket and <qex>flurry</qex> of London.</q>

<qau>Blakw. Mag.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The violent spasms of a dying whale.</def>



<hw>Flur"ry</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Flurried</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Flurrying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in a state

of agitation; to excite or alarm.</def>



<au>H. Swinburne.</au>



<hw>Flurt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flirt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Quarles.</au>



<hw>Flush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flushed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>fluschen</ets>

to fly up, penetrate, F. <ets>fluz</ets> a flowing, E.

<ets>flux</ets>, dial. Sw. <ets>flossa</ets> to blaze, and E.

<ets>flash</ets>; perh. influenced by <ets>blush</ets>.

\'fb84.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To flow and spread suddenly; to

rush; <as>as, blood <ex>flushes</ex> into the face</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>flushing</qex> noise of many waters.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>It <qex>flushes</qex> violently out of the cock.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become suddenly suffused, as the cheeks; to

turn red; to blush.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To snow red; to shine suddenly; to glow.</def>



<q>In her cheek, distemper <qex>flushing</qex> glowed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To star<?/ up suddenly; to take wing as a

bird.</def>



<q><qex>Flushing</qex> from one spray unto another.</q>

<qau>W. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Flush</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to be

full; to flood; to overflow; to overwhelm with water; <as>as, to

<ex>flush</ex> the meadows</as>; to flood for the purpose of

cleaning; <as>as, to <ex>flush</ex> a sewer</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause the blood to rush into (the face); to

put to the blush, or to cause to glow with excitement.</def>



<q>Nor <qex>flush</qex> with shame the passing virgin's

cheek.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<q>Sudden a thought came like a full-blown rose,

<qex>Flushing</qex> his brow.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make suddenly or temporarily red or rosy, as

if suffused with blood.</def>



<q>How faintly <qex>flushed</qex>. how phantom fair,

Was Monte Rosa, hanging there!</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To excite; to animate; to stir.</def>



<q>Such things as can only feed his pride and <qex>flush</qex>

his ambition.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cause to start, as a hunter a bird.</def>



<au>Nares.</au>



<cs><col>To flush a joints</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>to

fill them in; to point the level; to make them flush.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flush</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden flowing;

a rush which fills or overflows, as of water for cleansing

purposes.</def>



<q>In manner of a wave or <qex>flush</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A suffusion of the face with blood, as from

fear, shame, modesty, or intensity of feeling of any kind; a

blush; a glow.</def>



<q>The <qex>flush</qex> of angered shame.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any tinge of red color like that produced on the

cheeks by a sudden rush of blood; <as>as, the <ex>flush</ex> on

the side of a peach; the <ex>flush</ex> on the clouds at

sunset.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sudden flood or rush of feeling; a thrill of

excitement. animation, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>flush</ex> of

joy</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A flock of birds suddenly started up or

flushed.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[From F. or Sp. <ets>flux</ets>. Cf.

<er>Flux</er>.]</ety> <def>A hand of cards of the same

suit.</def><-- other than poker? -->



<hw>Flush</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of vigor;

fresh; glowing; bright.</def>



<q>With all his crimes broad blown, as <qex>flush</qex> as

May.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affluent; abounding; well furnished or suppled;

hence, liberal; prodigal.</def>



<q>Lord Strut was not very <qex>flush</qex> in ready.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch. & Mech.)</fld> <def>Unbroken or even in

surface; on a level with the adjacent surface; forming a

continuous surface; <as>as, a <ex>flush</ex> panel; a

<ex>flush</ex> joint.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>Consisting of cards of

one suit.</def>



<cs><col>Flush bolt</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A screw bolt whose

head is countersunk, so as to be flush with a surface.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A sliding bolt let into the face or edge of a

door, so as to be flush therewith.</cd> -- <col>Flush deck</col>.

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Deck</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

1.</cd> -- <col>Flush tank</col>, <cd>a water tank which can be

emptied rapidly for flushing drainpipes, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to be

level or even.</def>



<hw>Flush"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Flashboard</er>.</def>



<hw>Flush"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

workman employed in cleaning sewers by flushing them with

water.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-backed shrike. See

<er>Flasher</er>.</def>



<hw>Flush"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A heavy,

coarse cloth manufactured from shoddy; -- commonly in the

<?/</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A surface formed of

floating threads.</def>



<hw>Flush"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a flushing

manner.</def>



<hw>Flush"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being flush;

abundance.</def>



<hw>Flus"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Flustered</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Flustering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

Icel. <ets>flaustra</ets> to be flustered, <ets>flaustr</ets> a

fluster.]</ety> <def>To make hot and rosy, as with drinking; to

heat; hence, to throw into agitation and confusion; to confuse;

to muddle.</def>



<q>His habit or <qex>flustering</qex> himself daily with

claret.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Flus"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be in a heat or

bustle; to be agitated and confused.</def>



<q>The <qex>flstering</qex>, vainglorious Greeks.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Flus"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Heat or glow, as from

drinking; agitation mingled with confusion; disorder.</def>



<hw>Flus`ter*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of flustering, or the state of being flustered; fluster.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Flus"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fluster</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To fluster.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Spectator.</au>



<hw>Flus*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of flustrating; confusion; flurry.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Richardson.</au>



<hw>Flute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>floute</ets>, <ets>floite</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>fla\'81te</ets>, <ets>flahute</ets>, <ets>flahuste</ets>, F.

<ets>fl<?/te</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>flauta</ets>, D.

<ets>fluit</ets>. See <er>Flute</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A musical wind instrument, consisting of a

hollow cylinder or pipe, with holes along its length, stopped by

the fingers or by keys which are opened by the fingers. The

modern flute is closed at the upper end, and blown with the mouth

at a lateral hole.</def>



<q>The breathing <qex>flute's</qex> soft notes are heard

around.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A channel of curved section;

-- usually applied to one of a vertical series of such channels

used to decorate columns and pilasters in classical architecture.

See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Base</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A similar channel or groove made in wood or

other material, esp. in plaited cloth, as in a lady's

ruffle.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A long French breakfast roll.</def>



<au>Simonds.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A stop in an organ, having a flutelike

sound.</def>



<cs><col>Flute bit</col>, <cd>a boring tool for piercing ebony,

rosewood, and other hard woods.</cd> -- <col>Flute pipe</col>,

<cd>an organ pipe having a sharp lip or wind-cutter which imparts

vibrations to <?/ column of air in the pipe.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Flute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fl<?/te</ets> a transport, D. <ets>fluit</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A kindof flyboat; a storeship.</def>



<cs><col>Armed en fl\'96te</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>

<fld>(Nav.)</fld>, <cd>partially armed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>flouten</ets>, <ets>floiten</ets>, OF.

<ets>fla\'81ter</ets>, <ets>fle\'81ter</ets>,

<ets>flouster</ets>, F. <ets>fl\'96ter</ets>, cf. D.

<ets>fluiten</ets>; ascribed to an assumed LL.

<ets>flautare</ets>, <ets>flatuare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>flatus</ets> a blowing, fr. <ets>flare</ets> to blow. Cf.

<er>Flout</er>, <er>Flageolet</er>, <er>Flatulent</er>.]</ety>

<def>To play on, or as on, a flute; to make a flutelike

sound.</def>



<hw>Flute</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fluted</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fluting</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

play, whistle, or sing with a clear, soft note, like that of a

flute.</def>



<q>Knaves are men,

That lute and <qex>flute</qex> fantastic tenderness.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q> The redwing <qex>flutes</qex> his o-ka-lee.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form flutes or channels in, as in a column, a

ruffle, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fl\'96te` \'85 bec"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A beak flute, an older form of the flute,

played with a mouthpiece resembling a beak, and held like a

flageolet.</def>



<hw>Flut"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Thin; fine; clear and mellow; flutelike; <as>as,

<ex>fluted</ex> notes</as>.</def>



<au>Busby.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Decorated with flutes; channeled; grooved;

<as>as, a <ex>fluted</ex> column; a <ex>fluted</ex> ruffle; a

<ex>fluted</ex> spectrum.</as></def>



<hw>Flute"mouth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus

<spn>Aulostoma</spn>, having a much elongated tubular

snout.</def>



<hw>Flut"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who plays on the flute; a flutist or flautist.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who makes grooves or flutings.</def>



<hw>Flut"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Decoration by means of

flutes or channels; a flute, or flutes collectively; <as>as, the

<ex>fluting</ex> of a column or pilaster; the <ex>fluting</ex> of

a lady's ruffle.</as></def>



<cs><col>Fluting iron</col>, <cd>a laundry iron for fluting

ruffles; -- called also <altname>Italian iron</altname>, or

<altname>gaufering iron</altname>.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> --

<col>Fluting lathe</col>, <cd>a machine for forming spiral

flutes, as on balusters, table legs, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flut"ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fl\'96tiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A performer on the flute; a

flautist.</def>



<au>Busby.</au>



<-- p. 576 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move with quick vibrations or undulations;

<as>as, a sail <ex>flutters</ex> in the wind; a

<ex>fluttering</ex> fan.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move about briskly, irregularly, or with

great bustle and show, without much result.</def>



<q>    No rag, no scrap, of all the beau, or wit,

    That once so <qex>fluttered</qex>, and that once so writ.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be in agitation; to move irregularly; to

flucttuate; to be uncertainty.</def>



<q> Long we <qex>fluttered</qex> on the wings of doubtful

success.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<q>     His thoughts are very <qex>fluttering</qex> and

wandering.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<hw>Flut"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To vibrate or move quickly; <as>as, a bird <ex>flutters</ex>

its wings</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive in disorder; to throw into

confusion.</def>



<q>        Like an eagle in a dovecote, I

        <qex>Fluttered</qex> your Volscians in Corioli.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Flut"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

fluttering; quick and irregular motion; vibration; <as>as, the

<ex>flutter</ex> of a fan</as>.</def>



<q>     The chirp and <qex>flutter</qex> of some single bird</q>

<qau>Milnes. .</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hurry; tumult; agitation of the mind; confusion;

disorder.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<cs><col>Flutter wheel</col>, <cd>a water wheel placed below a

fall or in a chute where rapidly moving water strikes the tips of

the floats; -- so called from the spattering, and the fluttering

noise it makes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flut"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, flutters.</def>



<hw>Flut"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fluttering

manner.</def>



<hw>Flut"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Soft and clear

in tone, like a flute.</def>



<hw>Flu"vi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluvialis</ets>, from <ets>fluvius</ets> river, fr.

<ets>fluere</ets> to flow: cf.F. <ets>fluvial</ets>. See

<er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to rivers; growing or

living in streams or ponds; <as>as, a <ex>fluvial</ex>

plant</as>.</def>



<hw>Flu"vi*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who exlpains

geological phenomena by the action of streams.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Flu`vi*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluviaticus</ets>. See <er>Fluvial</er>.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to rivers or streams; fluviatile.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Flu"vi*a*tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluviatilis</ets>, fr. <ets>fluvius</ets> river: cf. F.

<ets>fluviatile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to rivers or

streams; existing in or about rivers; produced by river action;

fluvial; <as>as, <ex>fluviatile</ex> starta, plants</as>.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<hw>Flu`vi*o-ma*rine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluvius</ets> river + E. <ets>marine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed by the joint action of a river and

the sea, as deposits at the mouths of rivers.</def>



<hw>Flux</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluxus</ets>, fr. <ets>fluere</ets>, <ets>fluxum</ets>,to

flow: cf.F. <ets>flux</ets>. See <er>Fluent</er>, and cf. 1st &

2d <er>Floss</er>, <er>Flush</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of flowing; a continuous moving on or

passing by, as of a flowing stream; constant succession;

change.</def>



<q> By the perpetual <qex>flux</qex> of the liquids, a great part

of them is thrown out of the body.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<q>Her image has escaped the <qex>flux</qex> of things,

And that same infant beauty that she wore

Is fixed upon her now forevermore.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<q>       Languages, like our bodies, are in a continual

<qex>flux</qex>.</q>

<qau>Felton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The setting in of the tide toward the shore, --

the (<?/)bb being called the <xex>reflux</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of beinng liquid through heat;

fusion.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.& Metal.)</fld> <def>Any substance or

mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals, as

alkalies, borax, lime, fluorite.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>White flux</xex> is the residuum of the

combustion of a mixture of equal parts of niter and tartar. It

consists chiefly of the carbonate of potassium, and is white.-

<xex>Black flux</xex> is the ressiduum of the combustion of one

part of niter and two of tartar, and consists essentially of a

mixture of potassium carbonate and charcoal.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fluid discharge

from the bowels or other part; especially, an excessive and

morbid discharge; <as>as, the bloody <ex>flux</ex> or

dysentery</as>. See <er>Bloody flux</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The matter thus discharged.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The quantity of a fluid

that crosses a unit area of a given surface in a unit of

time.</def>



<hw>Flux</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>fluxus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>fluere</ets>. See <er>Flux</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Flowing; unstable; inconstant; variable.</def>



<q>The <qex>flux</qex> nature of all things here.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Flux</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fluxed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fluxing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To affect, or

bring to a certain state, by flux.</def>



<q>He might fashionably and genteelly . . . have been dueled or

<qex>fluxed</qex> into another world.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to become fluid; to fuse.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To cause a discharge from; to

purge.</def>



<hw>Flux*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

fluxing.</def>



<hw>Flux`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

LL. <ets>fluxibilitas</ets> fluidity.]</ety> <def>The quality of

being fluxible.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Flux"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.LL.

<ets>fluxibilis</ets> fluid, OF. <ets>fluxible</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of being melted or fused, as a mineral.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Flux"i*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Flux"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluxilis</ets>, <pos>a.</pos>, fluid.]</ety>

<def>Fluxible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Flux*il"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of

being fluxible.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Flux"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fluxion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of flowing.</def>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The matter that flows.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fusion; the running of metals into a fluid

state.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unnatural or excessive flow

of blood or fluid toward any organ; a determination.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A constantly varying indication.</def>



<q>Less to be counted than the <qex>fluxions</qex> of sun

dials.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The infinitely

small increase or decrease of a variable or flowing quantity in a

certain infinitely small and constant period of time; the rate of

variation of a fluent; an incerement; a differential.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A method of analysis developed

by Newton, and based on the conception of all magnitudes as

generated by motion, and involving in their changes the notion of

velocity or rate of change. Its results are the same as those of

the differential and integral calculus, from which it differs

little except in notation and logical method.</def>



<hw>Flux"ion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or having the nature of, fluxion or fluxions; variable;

inconstant.</def>



<q> The merely human,the temporary and <qex>fluxional</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<cs><col>Fluxional structure</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>,

<cd>fluidal structure.</cd></cs>



<hw>Flux"ion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Fluxional.</def>



<au>Berkeley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by,

an increased flow of blood to a part; congestive; <as>as, a

<ex>fluxionary</ex> hemorrhage</as>.</def>



<hw>Flux"ion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled in

fluxions.</def>



<au>Berkeley.</au>



<hw>Flux"ions</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fluxion</er>,

6<sd>(b)</sd>.</def>



<hw>Flux"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Flowing; also,

wanting solidity.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Flux"ure</hw> <pr>(?; 138)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fluxura</ets> a flowing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality

of being fluid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fielding.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fluid matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Fly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Flew</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Flown</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Flying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fleen</ets>,

<ets>fleen</ets>, <ets>fleyen</ets>, <ets>flegen</ets>, AS.

<ets>fle\'a2gan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vliegen</ets>, ONG.

<ets>fliogan</ets>, G. <ets>fliegen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>flj<?/ga</ets>, Sw. <ets>flyga</ets>, Dan. <ets>flyve</ets>,

Goth. <ets>us-flaugjan</ets> to cause to fly away, blow about,

and perh. to L. <ets>pluma</ets> feather, E. <ets>plume</ets>.

<?/ 84. Cf. <er>Fledge</er>, <er>Flight</er>, <er>Flock</er> of

animals.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move in or pass thorugh the

air with wings, as a bird.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move through the air or before the wind;

esp., to pass or be driven rapidly through the air by any

impulse.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To float, wave, or rise in the air, as sparks or

a flag.</def>



<q> Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks <qex>fly</qex>

upward.</q>

<qau>Job v. 7.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To move or pass swiftly; to hasten away; to

circulate rapidly; <as>as, a ship <ex>flies</ex> on the deep; a

top <ex>flies</ex> around; rumor <ex>flies</ex>.</as></def>



<q><qex>Fly</qex>, envious Time, till thou run out thy race.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The dark waves murmured as the ships <qex>flew</qex> on.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To run from danger; to attempt to escape; to

flee; <as>as, an enemy or a coward <ex>flies</ex></as>. See Note

under <er>Flee</er>.</def>



<q><qex>Fly</qex>, ere evil intercept thy flight.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Whither shall I <qex>fly</qex> to escape their hands ?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To move suddenly, or with violence; to do an act

suddenly or swiftly; -- usually with a qualifying word; <as>as, a

door <ex>flies</ex> open; a bomb <ex>flies</ex> apart.</as></def>



<cs><col>To fly about</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to change

frequently in a short time; -- said of the wind.</cd> -- <col>To

fly around</col>, <cd>to move about in haste.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To fly at</col>, <cd>to spring

toward; to rush on; to attack suddenly.</cd> -- <col>To fly in

the face of</col>, <cd>to insult; to assail; to set at defiance;

to oppose with violence; to act in direct opposition to; to

resist.</cd> -- <col>To fly off</col>, <cd>to separate, or become

detached suddenly; to revolt.</cd> -- <col>To fly on</col>,

<cd>to attack.</cd> -- <col>To fly open</col>, <cd>to open

suddenly, or with violence.</cd> -- <col>To fly out</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To rush out.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To burst into

a passion; to break out into license.</cd> -- <col>To let

fly</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To throw or drive with

violence; to discharge.</cd> \'bdA man <xex>lets fly<xex> his

arrow without taking any aim.\'b8</cs> <au>Addison.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To let go suddenly and

entirely; <as>as, <ex>to let fly</ex> the sheets</as>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fly</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to fly

or to float in the air, as a bird, a kite, a flag, etc.</def>



<q>The brave black flag I <qex>fly</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. S. Gilbert.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fly or flee from; to shun; to avoid.</def>



<q>Sleep <qex>flies</qex> the wretch.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>To <qex>fly</qex> the favors of so good a king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hunt with a hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<cs><col>To fly a kite</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>to raise

money on commercial notes. <mark>[Cant or Slang]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flies</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>flie</ets>, <ets>flege</ets>,

AS. <ets>fl</ets>?<ets>ge</ets>, <ets>fle\'a2ge</ets>, fr.

<ets>fle\'a2gan</ets> to fly; akin to D. <ets>vlieg</ets>, OHG.

<ets>flioga</ets>, G. <ets>fliege</ets>, Icel. & Sw.

<ets>fluga</ets>, Dan. <ets>flue</ets>. <?/ 84. See <er>Fly</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any winged insect; esp., one with transparent

wings; <as>as, the Spanish <ex>fly</ex>; fire<ex>fly</ex>; gall

<ex>fly</ex>; dragon <ex>fly</ex></as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Any dipterous insect; <as>as, the house <ex>fly</ex>; flesh

<ex>fly</ex>; black <ex>fly</ex>.</as> See <er>Diptera</er>, and

<xex>Illust</xex>. in Append.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <wordforms>A hook dressed in imitation of a fly, --

used for fishing.</def> \'bdThe fur-wrought <xex>fly</xex>.\'b8



<au>Gay.</au>

<-- fly fishing, fly fisherman. -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A familiar spirit; a witch's attendant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A trifling <qex>fly</qex>, none of your great familiars.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A parasite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Massinger.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A kind of light carriage for rapid transit,

plying for hire and usually drawn by one horse.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The length of an extended flag from its staff;

sometimes, the length from the \'bdunion\'b8 to the extreme

end.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The part of a vane pointing the direction from

which the wind blows.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a compass on

which the points are marked; the compass card.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Two or more

vanes set on a revolving axis, to act as a fanner, or to equalize

or impede the motion of machinery by the resistance of the air,

as in the striking part of a clock.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

heavy wheel, or cross arms with weights at the ends on a

revolving axis, to regulate or equalize the motion of machinery

by means of its inertia, where the power communicated, or the

resistance to be overcome, is variable, as in the steam engine or

the coining press. See <cref>Fly wheel</cref> (below).</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Knitting Machine)</fld> <def>The piece hinged

to the needle, which holds the engaged loop in position while the

needle is penetrating another loop; a latch.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>The pair of arms revolving around the bobbin,

in a spinning wheel or spinning frame, to twist the yarn.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A shuttle driven through

the shed by a blow or jerk.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>13.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, the person who took the

printed sheets from the press.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

vibrating frame with fingers, attached to a power to a power

printing press for doing the same work.</def>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>The outer canvas of a tent with double top,

usually drawn over the ridgepole, but so extended as to touch the

roof of the tent at no other place.</def>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>One of the upper screens of a stage in a

theater.</def>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>The fore flap of a bootee; also, a lap on

trousers, overcoats, etc., to conceal a row of buttons.</def>



<sn>17.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A batted ball that flies

to a considerable distance, usually high in the air; also, the

flight of a ball so struck; <as>as, it was caught on the

<ex>fly</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Black fly</col>, <col>Cheese fly</col>,

<col>Dragon fly, etc.</col> <cd>See under <er>Black</er>,

<er>Cheese</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fly agaric</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a mushroom (<spn>Agaricus

muscarius</spn>), having a narcotic juice which, in sufficient

quantities, is poisonous.</cd> -- <col>Fly block</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a pulley whose position shifts to suit

the working of the tackle with which it is connected; -- used in

the hoisting tackle of yards.</cd> -- <col>Fly board</col>

<fld>(Printing Press)</fld>, <cd>the board on which printed

sheets are deposited by the fly.</cd> -- <col>Fly book</col>,

<cd>a case in the form of a book for anglers' flies.</cd>

<au>Kingsley.</au> -- <col>Fly cap</col>, <cd>a cap with wings,

formerly worn by women.</cd> -- <col>Fly drill</col>, <cd>a drill

having a reciprocating motion controlled by a fly wheel, the

driving power being applied by the hand through a cord winding in

reverse directions upon the spindle as it rotates backward and

forward.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> -- <col>Fly fishing</col>, <cd>the

act or art of angling with a bait of natural or artificial

flies.</cd> <au>Walton.</au> -- <col>Fly flap</col>, <cd>an

implement for killing flies.</cd> -- <col>Fly governor</col>,

<cd>a governor for regulating the speed of an engine, etc., by

the resistance of vanes revolving in the air.</cd> -- <col>Fly

honeysuckle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the

honeysuckle genus (<spn>Lonicera</spn>), having a bushy stem and

the flowers in pairs, as <spn>L. ciliata</spn> and <spn>L.

Xylosteum</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Fly hook</col>, <cd>a fishhook

supplied with an artificial fly.</cd> -- <col>Fly leaf</col>,

<cd>an unprinted leaf at the beginning or end of a book,

circular, programme, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fly maggot</col></mcol>,

<cd>a maggot bred from the egg of a fly.</cd> <au>Ray.</au> --

<col>Fly net</col>, <cd>a screen to exclude insects.</cd> --

<col>Fly nut</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a nut with wings; a

thumb nut; a finger nut.</cd> -- <col>Fly orchis</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Ophrys muscifera</spn>),

whose flowers resemble flies.</cd> -- <col>Fly paper</col>,

<cd>poisoned or sticky paper for killing flies that feed upon or

are entangled by it.</cd> -- <col>Fly powder</col>, <cd>an

arsenical powder used to poison flies.</cd> -- <col>Fly

press</col>, <cd>a screw press for punching, embossing, etc.,

operated by hand and having a heavy fly.</cd> -- <col>Fly

rail</col>, <cd>a bracket which turns out to support the hinged

leaf of a table.</cd> -- <col>Fly rod</col>, <cd>a light fishing

rod used in angling with a fly.</cd> -- <col>Fly sheet</col>,

<cd>a small loose advertising sheet; a handbill.</cd> -- <col>Fly

snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bird

(<spn>Phainopepla nitens</spn>), allied to the chatterers and

shrikes.</cd> The male is glossy blue-black; the female brownish

gray. -- <col>Fly wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy

wheel attached to machinery to equalize the movement (opposing

any sudden acceleration by its inertia and any retardation by its

momentum), and to accumulate or give out energy for a variable or

intermitting resistance.</cd> See <er>Fly</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 9.

-- <col>On the fly</col></mcol> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>still

in the air; -- said of a batted ball caught before touching the

ground.</cd><-- (b) at the moment needed, without prior

preparation. -- said of objects created as needed in the course

of some activity, rather than having been prepared before the

activity began.  A term Much used in computer programming. (c)

busy; in motion.-->.</cs>



<hw>Fly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Knowing; wide

awake; fully understanding another's meaning.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Fly"bane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A kind of catchfly of the genus <spn>Silene</spn>; also, a

poisonous mushroom (<spn>Agaricus muscarius</spn>); fly

agaric.</def>



<hw>Fly"-bit`ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked by,

or as if by, the bite of flies.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fly"blow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To deposit

eggs upon, as a flesh fly does on meat; to cause to be maggoty;

hence, to taint or contaminate, as if with flyblows.</def>



<au>Bp. Srillingfleet.</au>



<hw>Fly"blow`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of the eggs or young larv\'91 deposited by a flesh fly, or

blowfly.</def>



<hw>Fly"blown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tainted or

contaminated with flyblows; damaged; foul.</def>



<q> Wherever <qex>flyblown</qex> reputations were assembled.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Fly"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fly</ets> + <ets>boat</ets>: cf. D.

<ets>vlieboot</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

large Dutch coasting vessel.</def>



<q> Captain George Weymouth made a voyage of discovery to the

northwest with two <qex>flyboats</qex>.</q>

<qau>Purchas.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of passenger boat formerly used on

canals.</def>



<hw>Fly"-case`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The covering of an insect, esp. the

elytra of beetles.</def>



<hw>Fly"catch`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous species of birds that

feed upon insects, which they take on the wing.</def>



<note><hand/ The true flycatchers of the Old World are Oscines,

and belong to the family <spn>Muscicapid\'91</spn>, as the

spotted flycatcher (<spn>Muscicapa grisola</spn>). The American

flycatchers, or tyrant flycatchers, are Clamatores, and belong to

the family <spn>Tyrannid\'91</spn>, as the kingbird, pewee,

crested flycatcher (<spn>Myiarchus crinitus</spn>), and the

vermilion flycatcher or churinche (<spn>Pyrocephalus

rubineus</spn>). Certain American flycatching warblers of the

family <spn>Sylvicolid\'91</spn> are also called flycatchers, as

the Canadian flycatcher (<spn>Sylvania Canadensis</spn>), and the

hooded flycatcher (<spn>S. mitrata</spn>). See <er>Tyrant

flycatcher</er>.</note>



<hw>Fly"-catch`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Having the habit of catching insects on the wing.</def>



<hw>Fly"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Flier</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One that uses

wings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fly of a flag: See <er>Fly</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 6.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything that is scattered abroad in great

numbers as a theatrical programme, an advertising leaf,

etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One in a flight of steps

which are parallel to each other(as in ordinary stairs), as

distinguished from a <xex>winder</xex>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The pair of arms attached to the spindle of a

spinning frame, over which the thread passes to the bobbin; -- so

called from their swift revolution. See <er>Fly</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 11.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The fan wheel that rotates the cap of a windmill

as the wind veers.</def>



<au>Internat. Cyc.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Stock Jobbing)</fld> <def>A small operation not

involving ? considerable part of one's capital, or not in the

line of one's ordinary business; a venture.</def>

<mark>[Cant]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Fly"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California scorp\'91noid fish

(<spn>Sebastichthys rhodochloris</spn>), having brilliant

colors.</def>



<hw>Fly"-fish</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To angle, using flies

for bait.</def>



<au>Walton.</au>



<hw>Fly"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fly</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Moving in the air

with, or as with, wings; moving lightly or rapidly; intended for

rapid movement.</def>



<-- p. 577 -->



<cs><col>Flying army</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>a body of

cavalry and infantry, kept in motion, to cover its own garrisons

and to keep the enemy in continual alarm.</cd> <au>Farrow.</au>

--<col>Flying artillery</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>artillery

trained to rapid evolutions, -- the men being either mounted or

trained to spring upon the guns and caissons when they change

position.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Flying bridge</col>, <col>Flying

camp</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bridge</er>, and

<er>Camp</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying buttress</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a contrivance for taking up the thrust of

a roof or vault which can not be supported by ordinary

buttresses. It consists of a straight bar of masonry, usually

sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress

sufficient to receive the thrust. The word is generally applied

only to the straight bar with supporting arch.</cd> --

<col>Flying colors</col>, <cd>flags unfurled and waving in the

air</cd>; hence: <col>To come off with flying colors</col>,

<cd>to be victorious; to succeed thoroughly in an

undertaking.</cd> -- <col>Flying doe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a young female kangaroo.</cd> -- <col>Flying dragon</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dragon</er>,

6.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A meteor. See under

<er>Dragon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying Dutchman</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A fabled Dutch mariner condemned for his crimes to sail the

seas till the day of judgment.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A spectral

ship.</cd> -- <col>Flying fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Flying fish</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<col>Flying fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the colugo.</cd>

-- <col>Flying frog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an East

Indian tree frog of the genus <spn>Rhacophorus</spn>, having very

large and broadly webbed feet, which serve as parachutes, and

enable it to make very long leaps.</cd> -- <col>Flying

gurnard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of gurnard of

the genus <spn>Cephalacanthus</spn> or <spn>Dactylopterus</spn>,

with very large pectoral fins, said to be able to fly like the

flying fish, but not for so great a distance.</cd> <note>Three

species are known; that of the Atlantic is <spn>Cephalacanthus

volitans</spn>.</note> -- <col>Flying jib</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a sail extended outside of the standing

jib, on the flying-jib boom.</cd> -- <col>Flying-jib boom</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an extension of the jib boom.</cd> --

<col>Flying kites</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>light sails

carried only in fine weather.</cd> -- <col>Flying lemur</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Colugo</er>.</cd> --

<col>Flying level</col> <fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a

reconnoissance level over the course of a projected road, canal,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Flying lizard</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Dragon</er>, <pos>n</pos>, 6.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Flying machine</col>, <cd>an apparatus for navigating

the air; a form of balloon.</cd> -- <col>Flying mouse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the opossum mouse (<spn>Acrobates

pygm\'91us</spn>), of Australia.</cd> <note>It has lateral folds

of skin, like the flying squirrels.</note> -- <col>Flying

party</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a body of soldiers detailed to

hover about an enemy.</cd> -- <col>Flying phalanger</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of small

marsuupials of the genera <spn>Petaurus</spn> and

<spn>Belideus</spn>, of Australia and New Guinea, having lateral

folds like those of the flying squirrels.  The sugar squirrel

(<spn>B. sciureus</spn>), and the ariel (<spn>B. ariel</spn>),

are the best known; -- called also <altname>squirrel

petaurus</altname> and <altname>flying squirrel</altname>. See

<er>Sugar squirrel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying pinion</col>,

<cd>the fly of a clock.</cd> -- <col>Flying sap</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the rapid construction of trenches (when

the enemy's fire of case shot precludes the method of simple

trenching), by means of gabions placed in juxtaposition and

filled with earth.</cd> -- <col>Flying shot</col>, <cd>a shot

fired at a moving object, as a bird on the wing.</cd> --

<col>Flying spider</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Ballooning spider</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying squid</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an oceanic squid (<spn>Ommastrephes,

<or/ Sthenoteuthis, Bartramii</spn>), abundant in the Gulf

Stream, which is able to leap out of the water with such force

that it often falls on the deck of a vessel.</cd> -- <col>Flying

squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Flying

squirrel</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Flying

start</col>, <cd>a start in a sailing race in which the signal is

given while the vessels are under way.</cd> -- <col>Flying

torch</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a torch attached to a

long staff and used for signaling at night.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fly"ing fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

fish which is able to leap from the water, and fly a considerable

distance by means of its large and long pectoral fins. These

fishes belong to several species of the genus

<spn>Exoc\'d2tus</spn>, and are found in the warmer parts of all

the oceans.</def>



<hw>Fly"ing squir"rel</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of squirrels, of the

genera <spn>Pteromus</spn> and <spn>Sciuropterus</spn>, having

parachute-like folds of skin extending from the fore to the hind

legs, which enable them to make very long leaps.</def>



<note><hand/ The species of Pteromys are large, with bushy tails,

and inhabit southern Asia and the East Indies; those of

Sciuropterus are smaller, with flat tails, and inhabit the

northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. The American species

<spn>(Sciuropterus volucella)</spn> is also called Assapan. The

Australian flying squrrels, or flying phalangers, are marsupials.

See <cref>Flying phalanger</cref> (above).</note>



<hw>Fly"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Flymen</plw> <pr>(-m?n)</pr>.</plu> <def>The driver of a

fly, or light public carriage.</def>



<hw>Flysch</hw> <pr>(fl?sh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A Swiss

word, fr. G. <ets>fliessen</ets> to flow, melt.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A name given to the series of sandstones

and schists overlying the true nummulitic formation in the Alps,

and included in the Eocene Tertiary.</def>



<hw>Fly"speck</hw> <pr>(fl?'sp?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

speck or stain made by the excrement of a fly; hence, any

insignificant dot.</def>



<hw>Fly"speck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To soil

with flyspecks.</def>



<hw>Fly"trap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1</sn> <def>. A

trap for catching flies.</def> <sn>2</sn>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant <spn>(Dion\'91a muscipula)</spn>, called also

Venus's flytrap, the leaves of which are fringed with stiff

bristles, and fold together when certain hairs on their upper

surface are touched, thus seizing insects that light on them. The

insects so caught are afterwards digested by a secretion from the

upper surface of the leaves.</def>



<hw>Fnese</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fn?san</ets>, <ets>gefn?san</ets>.]</ety> <def>To breathe

heavily; to snort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Chinese name of

Buddha.</def>



<hw>Foal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fole</ets>, AS. <ets>fola</ets>; akin to OHG.

<ets>folo</ets>, G. <ets>fohlen</ets>, Goth. <ets>fula</ets>,

Icel. <ets>foli</ets>, Sw <ets>Lf?le</ets>, Gr.?????, L.

<ets>pullus</ets> a young animal. Cf. <er>Filly</er>,

<er>Poultry</er>, <er>Pullet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94.)</fld>

<def>The young of any animal of the Horse family

<spn>(Equid\'91)</spn>; a colt; a filly.</def>



<cs><col>Foal teeth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the first

set of teeth of a horse.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In foal</col>,

<col>With foal</col></mcol>, <cd>being with young; pregnant; --

said of a mare or she ass.</cd></cs>



<hw>Foal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.& p.p.</pos> <er>Foaled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Foaling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

bring forth (a colt); -- said of a mare or a she ass.</def>



<hw>Foal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.i.</pos> <def>To bring forth

young, as an animal of the horse kind.</def>



<hw>Foal"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>(Bot.) See

<er>Coltsfoot</er>.</def>



<hw>Foam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fam,

fom</ets>, AS. <ets>f?m</ets>; akin to OHG. & G.

<ets>feim</ets>.]</ety> <def>The white substance, consisting of

an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of

liquids,or in the mouth of an animal, by violent agitation or

fermentation; froth; spume; scum; as, the <xex>foam</xex> of the

sea.</def>



<cs><col>Foam cock</col>, <cd>in steam boilers, a cock at the

water level, to blow off impurities.</cd></cs>



<hw>Foam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.i.</pos> <wordforms>[imp.&

p.p. <er>Foamed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.<pos>pos>

<er>Foaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. f?man. See Foam,

n.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To gather foam; to froth; as, the

billows <xex>foam</xex>.</def>



<q>He <qex>foameth</qex>, and gnasheth with his teeth.</q>

<qau>Mark ix. 18.</qau>



<sn>2</sn>. <def>To form foam, or become filled with foam; --

said of a steam boiler when the water is unduly agitated and

frothy, as because of chemical action</def>.



<hw>Foam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <def>To cause to

foam; as,to foam the goblet; also (with out), to throw out with

rage or violence, as foam.</def> "Foaming out their own shame."

<qau>Jude 13.</qau>



<hw>Foam"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

foam; frothily.</def>



<hw>Foam"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

foam.</def>



<hw>Foam"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with

foam; frothy; spumy.</def>



<q>Behold how high the <qex>foamy</qex> billows ride!</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.Prov. G. fuppe

pocket.]</ety> <def>A little pocket for a watch.</def>



<cs><col>Fob chain</col>, <cd>a short watch chain worn a watch

carried in the fob.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Fobbed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.Fop.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat; to maul</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cheat; to trick; to impose on</def>.



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>To fob off</col>, <cd>to shift off by an artifice; to

put aside; to delude with a trick."A conspiracy of bishops could

prostrate and fob off the right of the people."</cd></cs>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fo"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F.

<ets>focal</ets>. See <er>Focus</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to,or

concerning, a focus; as, a focal point.</def>



<cs><col>Focal distance, or length,of a lens or mirror</col>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the distance of the focus from the surface

of the lens or mirror, or more exactly, in the case of a lens,

from its optical center.</cd> --<col>Focal distance of a

telescope</col>, <cd>the distance of the image of an object from

the object glass.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fo`cal*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of focalizing or bringing to a focus, or the state of being

focalized.</def>



<hw>Fo"cal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.& p. p. </pos> <er>Focalized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Focalizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring to a focus; to focus; to

concentrate.</def>



<q>Light is focalized in the eye, sound in the ear.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Foc"il*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

focilatus,p.p. of focillare.]</ety> <def>To nourish.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<qau>Blount.</qau>



<hw>Foc`il*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Comfort;

support.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fo*cim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Focus</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Photog.)

An assisting instrument for focusing an object in or before a

camera.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Fo"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Focuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Foci</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. focus hearth, fireplace; perh. akin

to E. bake. Cf. <er>Curfew</er>, <er>Fuel</er>, <er>Fusil</er>

the firearm.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A point in

which the rays of light meet, after being reflected or refrcted,

and at which the image is formed; <as>as, the <ex>focus</ex> of a

lens or mirror.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> (Geom.) <def>A point so related to a conic section

and certain straight line called the <xex>directrix</xex> that

the ratio of the distace between any point of the curve and the

focus to the distance of the same point from the directrix is

constant</def>.



<note><hand/ Thus, in the ellipse FGHKLM, A is the focus and CD

the directrix, when the ratios FA:FE, GA:GD, MA:MC, etc., are all

equal. So in the hyperbola, A is the focus and CD the directrix

when the ratio HA:HK is constant for all points of the curve; and

in the parabola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the

ratio BA:BC is constant. In the ellipse this ratio is less than

unity, in the parabola equal to unity, and in the hyperbola

greater than unity. The ellipse and hyperbola have each two foci,

and two corresponding directrixes, and the parabola has one focus

and one directrix.

    In the ellipse the <it>sum</it> of the two lines from any

point of the curve to the two foci is constant; that is:

AG+GB=AH+HB; and in the hyperbola the <it>difference</it> of the

corresponding lines is constant. The diameter which passes

through the foci of the ellipse is the <xex>major axis</xex>. 

The diameter which being produced passes through the foci of the

hyperbola is the <xex>transverse axis</xex>. The middle point of

the major or the transverse axis is the center of the curve.

Certain other curves, as the lemniscate and the Cartesian ovals,

have points called <xex>foci</xex>, possessing properties similar

to those of the foci of conic sections.

    In an ellipse, rays of light coming from one focus, and

reflected from the curve, proceed in lines directed

<it>toward</it> the other; in an hyperbola, in lines directed

<it>from</it> the other; in a parabola, rays from the focus,

after reflection at the curve, proceed in lines parallel to the

axis. Thus rays from A in the ellipse are reflected to B; rays

from A in the hyperbola are reflected toward L and M away from

B.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A central point; a point of concentration</def>.



<cs><col>Aplanatic focus</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Aplanatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Conjugate focus</col>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the focus for rays which have a sensible

divergence, as from a near object; -- so called because the

positions of the object and its image are interchangeable.</cd>

-- <col>Focus tube</col> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <cd>a vacuum tube

for R\'d2ntgen rays in which the cathode rays are focused upon

the anticathode, for intensifying the effect.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Principal, <or/ Solar</col>, <col>focus</col></mcol>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the focus for parallel rays.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fo"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Focused</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Focusing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring to a focus; to

focalize; as, to focus a camera.</def>



<au>R. Hunt.</au>



<hw>Fod"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Fother</er>.]</ety> <def>A weight by which lead and some

other metals were formerly sold, in England, varying from

19<frac12/ to 24 cwt.; a fother.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fod"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>   <ety>[AS.

<ets>f?dder</ets>, f?ddor, fodder (also sheath case), fr.

<ets>f?da</ets> food; akin to D. voeder, OHG. <ets>fuotar</ets>,

G. <ets>futter</ets>, Icel. <ets>f??r</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>foder</ets>. <root/75. See Food Land cf. <er>Forage</er>,

<er>Fur</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is fed out to cattle horses,

and sheep, as hay, cornstalks, vegetables, etc.</def>



<hw>Fod"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>  

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.& p.p.</pos> <er>Foddered</er>

<pr>(-d?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Foddering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To feed, as cattle, with

dry food or cut grass, etc.;to furnish with hay, straw, oats,

etc.</def>



<hw>Fod"der*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fodders cattle.</def>



<hw>Fo"di*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fodiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>fodere</ets> to dig.]</ety>

<def>Fitted for, or pertaining to, digging.</def>



<hw>Fo"di*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Fodientia.</def>



<hw>Fo`di*en"ti*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>fodiens</ets> p. pr., digging.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of African edentates including

the aard-vark.</def>



<hw>Foe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fo</ets>,

<ets>fa</ets>, AS. <ets>f?h</ets> hostile; prob. akin to E.

<ets>fiend</ets>. <root/81.]</ety> <def>See <er>Fiend</er>, and

cf. <er>Feud</er> a quarrel.</def>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who entertains personal enmity, hatred,

grudge, or malice, against another; an enemy.</def>



<q>A man's <qex>foes</qex> shall be they of his own

household.</q>

<qau>Matt. x. 36</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An enemy in war; a hostile army.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who opposes on principle; an opponent; an

adversary; an ill-wisher; as, a foe to religion.</def>



<q>A foe to received doctrines.</q>

<qau>I. Watts</qau>



<hw>Foe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat as an

enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Foe"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Enmity.</def>



<au>Br. Bedell.</au>



<hw>Foe"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Foemen</plw> <pr>(-men)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS.

<ets>f?hman</ets>.]</ety> <def>An enemy in war.</def>



<q>And the stern joy which warriors feel

In foemen worthy of their steel.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott</qau>



<hw>F\'d2"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Fetal</er>.</def>



<hw>F\'d2*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Fetation</er>.</def>



<hw>F\'d2"ti*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Feticide</er>.</def>



<hw>F\'d2"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Fetor</er>.</def>



<hw>F\'d2"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Fetus</er>.</def>



<hw>Fog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Scot.

<ets>fog</ets>, <ets>fouge</ets>, moss, <ets>foggag?</ets> rank

grass, LL. <ets>fogagium</ets>, W. <ets>ffug</ets> dry

grass.]</ety> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A second

growth of grass; aftergrass</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Dead or

decaying grass remaining on land through the winter; -- called

also foggage</def>. <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark> <au>Halliwell</au>. 

<note>Sometimes called, in New England, old tore. In Scotland,

fog is a general name for moss.</note>



<hw>Fog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>(Agric.) To

pasture cattle on the fog, or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog

from.</def>



<hw>Fog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>To practice in a small or mean way; to

pettifog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan.

<ets>sneefog</ets> snow falling thick, drift of snow, driving

snow, cf. Icel. <ets>fok</ets> spray, snowdrift, <ets>fj??</ets>

snowstorm, <ets>fj?ka</ets> to drift.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Watery vapor condensed in the lower part of the atmosphere

and disturbing its transparency. It differs from cloud only in

being near the ground, and from mist in not approaching so nearly

to fine rain. See <er>Cloud</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of mental confusion</def>.



<cs><mcol><col>Fog alarm</col>, <col>Fog bell</col>, <col>Fog

horn</col>, etc.</col></mcol>, <cd>a bell, horn, whistle or other

contrivance that sounds an alarm, often automatically, near

places of danger where visible signals would be hidden in thick

weather.</cd> -- <col>Fog bank</col>, <cd>a mass of fog resting

upon the sea, and resembling distant land.</cd> -- <col>Fog

ring</col>, <cd>a bank of fog arranged in a circular form, --

often seen on the coast of Newfoundland.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Fogged</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fogging</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

envelop, as with fog; to befog; to overcast; to darken; to

obscure.</def>



<hw>Fog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>

<def>To show indistinctly or become indistinct, as the picture on

a negative sometimes does in the process of development</def>.



<hw>Foge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Cornish name

for a forge used for smelting tin.</def>



<au>Raymond</au>



<hw>Fo'gey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fogy</er>.</def>



<hw>Fog'gage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Fog</er>.</def>



<hw>Fog'ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who fogs; a

pettifogger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A beggarly fogger.</q>

<qau>Terence in English(1614)</qau>



<hw>Fog"gi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a foggy

manner; obscurely.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fog"gi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being foggy.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fog"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Foggier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Foggiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From 4th

<er>Fog</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Filled or abounding with

fog, or watery exhalations; misty; <as>as, a <ex>foggy</ex>

atmosphere; a <ex>foggy</ex> morning.</as></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 578 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Beclouded; dull; obscure; <as>as, <ex>foggy</ex>

ideas</as>.</def>



<q>Your coarse, <qex>foggy</qex>, drowsy conceit.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<hw>Fo"gie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fogy</er>.</def>



<hw>Fog"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without fog;

clear.</def>



<au>Kane.</au>



<hw>Fo"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fogies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A dull old fellow; a

person behind the times, over-conservative, or slow; -- usually

preceded by <xex>old</xex>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>fogie</asp> and <asp>fogey</asp>.]</altsp>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Notorious old bore; regular old <qex>fogy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<note><hand/ The word is said to be connected with the German

<xex>vogt</xex>, a guard or protector. By others it is regareded

as a diminutive of <xex>folk</xex> (cf. D. <xex>volkje</xex>). It

is defined by Jamieson, in his Scottish Dictionary, as \'bdan

invalid or garrison soldier,\'b8 and is applied to the old

soldiers of the Royal Hospital at Dublin, which is called the

<xex>Fogies'</xex> Hospital. In the fixed habits of such persons

we see the origin of the present use of the term.</note>



<au>Sir F. Head.</au>



<hw>Fo"gy*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principles and conduct of a fogy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Foh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Faugh</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation of abhorrence or

contempt; poh; fle.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fo"hist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Buddhist

priest. See <er>Fo</er>.</def>



<hw>Foi"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>foible</ets>. See <er>Feeble</er>.]</ety> <def>Weak;

feeble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Lord Herbert.</au>



<hw>Foi"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

moral weakness; a failing; a weak point; a frailty.</def>



<q> A disposition radically noble and generous, clouded and

overshadowed by superficial <qex>foibles</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The half of a sword blade or foil blade nearest

the point; -- opposed to <xex>forte</xex>.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>faible</asp>.]</altsp>



<syn>Syn. -- Fault; imperfection; failing; weakness; infirmity;

frailty; defect. See <er>Fault</er>.</syn>



<hw>Foil</hw> <pr>(foil)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Foiled</er>

<pr>(foild)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Foiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fouler</ets> to

tread or trample under one's feet, to press, oppress. See

<er>Full</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To tread

under foot; to trample.</def>



<q> King Richard . . . caused the ensigns of Leopold to be pulled

down and <qex>foiled</qex> under foot.</q>

<qau>Knoless.</qau>



<q> Whom he did all to pieces breake and <qex>foyle</qex>,

      In filthy durt, and left so in the loathely soyle.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To render (an effort or attempt) vain or

nugatory; to baffle; to outwit; to balk; to frustrate; to

defeat.</def>



<q>         And by <?/ mortal man at length am

<qex>foiled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>         Her long locks that <qex>foil</qex> the painter's

power.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To blunt; to dull; to spoil; <as>as, to

<ex>foil</ex> the scent in chase</as>.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Foil</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See 6th

<er>File</er>.]</ety> <def>To defile; to soil.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Foil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Failure of success

when on the point of attainment; defeat; frustration;

miscarriage.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>            Nor e'er was fate so near a <qex>foil</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blunt weapon used in fencing, resembling a

smallsword in the main, but usually lighter and having a button

at the point.</def>



<q>    Blunt as the fencer's <qex>foils</qex>, which hit, but

hurt not.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>   ?socrates contended with a <qex>foil</qex> against

Demosthenes with a word.</q>

<qau>Mitford.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The track or trail of an animal.</def>



<cs><col>To run a foil</col>,<cd>to lead astray; to puzzle; --

alluding to the habits of some animals of running back over the

same track to mislead their pursuers.</cd></cs>



<qau>Brewer.</qau>



<hw>Foil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>foil</ets> leaf, OF.

<ets>foil</ets>, <ets>fuil</ets>, <ets>fueil</ets>,

<ets>foille</ets>, <ets>fueille</ets>, F. <ets>feuille</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>folium</ets>, pl. <ets>folia</ets>; akin to Gr.<?/ , and

perh. to E. <ets>blade</ets>. Cf. <er>Foliage</er>,

<er>Folio</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A leaf or very thin sheet

of metal; <as>as, brass <ex>foil</ex>; tin <ex>foil</ex>; gold

<ex>foil</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Jewelry)</fld> <def>A thin leaf of sheet copper

silvered and burnished, and afterwards coated with transparent

colors mixed with isinglass; -- employed by jewelers to give

color or brilliancy to pastes and inferior stones.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything that serves by contrast of color or

quality to adorn or set off another thing to advantage.</def>



<q>As she a black silk cap on him began

To set, for <qex>foil</qex> of his milk-white to serve.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q>Hector has a <qex>foil</qex> to set him off.</q>

<qau>Broome.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on

the back of a looking-glass, to cause reflection.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The space between the cusps

in Gothic architecture; a rounded or leaflike ornament, in

windows, niches, etc. A group of foils is called trefoil,

quatrefoil, quinquefoil, etc., according to the number of arcs of

which it is composed.</def>



<cs><col>Foil stone</col>, <cd>an imitation of a jewel or

precious stone.</cd></cs>



<hw>Foil"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being foiled.</def>



<hw>Foil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who foils

or frustrates.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Foil"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A

foil.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Foil"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>foul\'82es</ets>. See 1st <er>Foil</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>The track of game (as deer) in the

grass.</def>



<hw>Foin</hw> <pr>(foin)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fouine</ets> a marten.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The beech marten (<spn>Mustela

foina</spn>). See <er>Marten</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of fur, black at the top on a whitish

ground, taken from the ferret or weasel of the same

name.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q> He came to the stake in a fair black gown furred and faced

with <qex>foins</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Foin</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>foinen</ets>,

<ets>foignen</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. dial. F.

<ets>fouiner</ets> to push for eels with a spear, fr. F.

<ets>fouine</ets> an eelspear, perh. fr. L. <ets>fodere</ets> to

dig, thrust.]</ety> <def>To thrust with a sword or spear; to

lunge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q> He stroke, he soused, he <qex>foynd</qex>, he hewed, he

lashed.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>They lash, they <qex>foin</qex>, they pass, they strive to

bore

Their corselets, and the thinnest parts explore.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Foin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To prick; to st?ng.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<hw>Foin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pass in fencing; a

lunge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Foin"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Thrusting

with the foil; fencing with the point, as distinguished from

broadsword play.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Foin"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a

push or thrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Foi"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>foison</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fusio</ets> a pouring, effusion.

See <er>Fusion</er>.]</ety> <def>Rich harvest; plenty;

abundance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<q>       That from the seedness the bare fallow brings

       To teeming <qex>foison</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Foist</hw> <pr>(foist)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fuste</ets> stick, boat, fr. L. <ets>fustis</ets> cudgel.

Cf. 1st <er>Fust</er>.]</ety> <def>A light and fast-sailing

ship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Foist</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Foisted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Foisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>vysten</ets>

to fizzle, D. <ets>veesten</ets>, E. <ets>fizz</ets>,

<ets>fitchet</ets>, bull<ets>fist</ets>.]</ety> <def>To insert

surreptitiously, wrongfully, or without warrant; to interpolate;

to pass off (something spurious or counterfeit) as genuine, true,

or worthy; -- usually followed by <xex>in</xex>.</def>



<q> Lest negligence or partiality might admit or <qex>fois</qex>?

in abuses corruption.</q>

<qau>R. Carew.</qau>



<q> When a scripture has been corrupted . . . by a supposititious

<qex>foisting</qex> of some words in.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Foist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A foister; a

sharper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trick or fraud; a swindle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Foist"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who foists

something surreptitiously; a falsitier.</def>



<au>Mir. for Mag.</au>



<hw>Foist"ied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

<er>Fust</er>.]</ety> <def>Fusty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Foist"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fustiness;

mustiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Foist"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fusty;

musty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Folded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Folding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>folden</ets>, <ets>falden</ets>, AS. <ets>fealdan</ets>;

akin to OHG. <ets>faltan</ets>, <ets>faldan</ets>, G.

<ets>falten</ets>, Icel. <ets>falda</ets>, Dan. <ets>folde</ets>,

Sw. <ets>f\'86lla</ets>, Goth. <ets>fal<?/an</ets>, cf. Gr.<?/

twofold, Skr. <ets>pu<?/a</ets> a fold. Cf.

<er>Fauteuil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lap or lay in

plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double;

<as>as, to <ex>fold</ex> cloth; to <ex>fold</ex> a

letter.</as></def>



<q>As a vesture shalt thou <qex>fold</qex> them up.</q>

<qau>Heb. i. 12.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To double or lay together, as the arms or the

hands; <as>as, he <ex>folds</ex> his arms in despair</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To inclose within folds or plaitings; to

envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace.</def>



<q> A face <qex>folded in sorrow</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Webster.</qau>



<q>We will descend and <qex>fold</qex> him in our arms.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cover or wrap up; to conceal.</def>



<q>Nor <qex>fold</qex> my fault in cleanly coined excuses.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fold</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become folded, plaited,

or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double

together; <as>as, the leaves of the door

<ex>fold</ex></as>.</def>



<au>1 Kings vi. 34.</au>



<hw>Fold</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Fold</er>,

<ets>v</ets>. In sense 2 AS. <ets>-feald</ets>, akin to

<ets>fealdan</ets> to fold.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on

another part; a plait; a plication.</def>



<q>Mummies . . . shrouded in a number of <qex>folds</qex> of

linen.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q> <qex>Folds</qex> are most common in the rocks of mountainous

regions.</q>

<qau>J. D. Dana.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals,

chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a

geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything;

<as>as, four<ex>fold</ex>, four times, increased in a quadruple

ratio, multiplied by four</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is folded together, or which infolds

or envelops; embrace.</def>



<q>Shall from your neck unloose his amorous <qex>fold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Fold net</col>, <cd>a kind of net used in catching

birds.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fold</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fald</ets>,

<ets>fold</ets>, AS. <ets>fald</ets>, <ets>falod</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen.</def>



<q>        Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the

<qex>fold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a

church; <as>as, Christ's <ex>fold</ex></as>.</def>



<q>     There shall be one <qex>fold</qex> and one shepherd.</q>

<qau>John x. 16.</qau>



<q>        The very whitest lamb in all my <qex>fold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A boundary; a limit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<qau>Creech.</qau>



<cs><col>Fold yard</col>, <cd>an inclosure for sheep or

cattle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fold</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To confine in a fold, as

sheep.</def>



<hw>Fold</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To confine sheep in a

fold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>       The star that bids the shepherd <qex>fold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fold"age</hw>, <pr>(<?/)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fold</er> inclosure, <er>Faldage</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(O.Eng.Law.)</fld> <def>See <er>Faldage</er>.</def>



<hw>Fold"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, folds; esp., a flat, knifelike instrument used for

folding paper.</def>



<hw>Fol"de*rol`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Nonsense.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fold"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of making a fold or folds; also, a fold; a doubling;

a plication.</def>



<q>The lower <qex>foldings</qex> of the vest.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>The keepig of sheep in

inclosures on arable land, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Folding boat</col>, <cd>a portable boat made by

stretching canvas, etc., over jointed framework, used in

campaigning, and by tourists, etc.</cd></cs>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Folding chair</col><???/, a chair which may be

shut up compactly for carriage or stowage; a camp chair. --

<col>Folding door</col></mcol>, <cd>one of two or more doors

filling a single and hung upon hinges.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fold"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no fold.</def>



<au>Milman.</au>



<hw>Fo`li*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>foliaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or having the

texture or nature of, a leaf; having leaves intermixed with

flowers; <as>as, a <ex>foliaceous</ex> spike</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Consisting of leaves or thin

lamin\'91; having the form of a leaf or plate; <as>as,

<ex>foliaceous</ex> spar</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Leaflike in form or mode

of growth; <as>as, a <ex>foliaceous</ex> coral</as>.</def>



<hw>Fo"li*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>foillage</ets>, <ets>fueillage</ets>, F.

<ets>feuillage</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>foille</ets>,

<ets>fueille</ets>, <ets>fueil</ets>, F. <ets>feulle</ets>, leaf,

L. <ets>folium</ets>. See 3d <er>Foil</er>, and cf.

<er>Foliation</er>, <er>Filemot</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Leaves, collectively, as produced or arranged by

nature; leafage; <as>as, a tree or forest of beautiful

<ex>foliage</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches;

especially, the representation of leaves, flowers, and branches,

in architecture, intended to ornament and enrich capitals,

friezes, pediments, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Foliage plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant

cultivated for the beauty of its leaves, as many kinds of

<spn>Begonia</spn> and <spn>Coleus</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fo"li*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adorn

with foliage or the imitation of foliage; to form into the

representation of leaves.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Drummond.</au>



<hw>Fo"li*aged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with foliage; leaved; <as>as, the variously <ex>foliaged</ex>

mulberry</as>.</def>



<hw>Fo"li*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Consisting of, or pertaining to, leaves; <as>as,

<ex>foliar</ex> appendages</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Foliar gap</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an opening in

the fibrovascular system of a stem at the point of origin of a

leaf.</cd> -- <col>Foliar trace</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

particular fibrovascular bundle passing down into the stem from a

leaf.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fo"li*ate</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>foliatus</ets> leaved, leafy, fr. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.

See <er>Foliage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished

with leaves; leafy; as, a <xex>foliate</xex> stalk.</def>



<cs><col>Foliate curve</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>Same as

<er>Folium</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fo"li*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Foliated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Foliating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat into a leaf,

or thin plate.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spread over with a thin coat of tin and

quicksilver; <as>as, to <ex>foliate</ex> a

looking-glass</as>.</def>



<hw>Fo"li*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having leaves, or leaflike projections; <as>as, a

<ex>foliated</ex> shell</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Containing, or consisting of,

foils; <as>as, a <ex>foliated</ex> arch</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Characterized by being

separable into thin plates or folia; <as>as, graphite has a

<ex>foliated</ex> structure</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Laminated, but restricted to

the variety of laminated structure found in crystalline schist,

as mica schist, etc.; schistose.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Spread over with an amalgam of tin and

quicksilver.</def>



<cs><col>Foliated telluium</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Nagyagite</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fo"li*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>foliation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The process of

forming into a leaf or leaves.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The manner in which the young leaves are

dispo<?/ed within the bud.</def>



<q> The . . . <qex>foliation</qex> must be in relation to the

stem.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of beating a metal into a thin plate,

leaf, foil, or lamina.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of coating with an amalgam of tin foil

and quicksilver, as in making looking-glasses.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The enrichment of an opening

by means of foils, arranged in trefoils, quatrefoils, etc.; also,

one of the ornaments. See <er>Tracery</er>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The property, possessed by

some crystalline rocks, of dividing into plates or slabs, which

is due to the cleavage structure of one of the constituents, as

mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include slaty structure or

cleavage, though the latter is usually independent of any mineral

constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having been

produced by pressure.</def>



<hw>Fo"li*a*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>foliatura</ets> foliage.]</ety> <def>1. Foliage;

leafage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shuckford.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being beaten into foil.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fo"li*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Goldsmith's

foil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sprat.</au>



<hw>Fo*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>folium</ets> leaf+ <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>foliif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing leaves.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>foliiferous</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fol"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Foolishly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fol"io</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Folios</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Ablative of L.

<ets>folium</ets> leaf. See 4th <er>Foil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A leaf of a book or manuscript.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sheet of paper once folded.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A book made of sheets of paper each folded once

(four pages to the sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See

Note under <er>Paper</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The page number. The even

folios are on the left-hand pages and the odd folios on the

right-hand.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A page of a book; <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> a

page in an account book; sometimes, two opposite pages bearing

the same serial number.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A leaf containing a certain

number of words, hence, a certain number of words in a writing,

as in England, in law proceedings 72, and in chancery, 90; in New

York, 100 words</def>.



<cs><col>Folio post</col>, <cd>a flat writing paper, usually  17

by 24 inches.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fol'io</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put a serial number on

each folio or page of (a book); to page.</def>



<hw>Fol'io</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed of sheets each folded

once, making two leaves, or four pages; <as>as, a <ex>folio</ex>

volume</as>. See <er>Folio</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<hw>Fo"'li*o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to leaflets; -- used in composition; <as>as,

bi-<ex>foliolate</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Fo"li*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of L.

<ets>folium</ets> leaf: cf. F. <ets>foliole</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the distinct parts of a compound

leaf; a leaflet.</def>



<hw>Fo`li*o*mort"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Feuillemort</er>.</def>



<hw>Fo`li*ose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>foliosus</ets>, fr. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many leaves; leafy.</def>



<hw>Fo`li*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

ponderousness or bulk of a folio; voluminousness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Fo"li*ous</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Foliose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like a leaf; thin;

unsubstantial</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Foliose.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fo"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Foliums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Folia</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a leaf.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

leaf, esp. a thin leaf or plate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve of the third order,

consisting of two infinite branches, which have a common

asymptote. The curve has a double point, and a leaf-shaped loop;

whence the name. Its equation is <mathex>x<exp>3</exp> +

y<exp>3</exp> = axy</mathex>.</def>



<-- p. 579 -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Folk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Folks</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

}</mhw>, <pos>n. collect. & pl.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>folc</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>volk</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>folk</ets>, G.

<ets>volk</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/lk</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>folk</ets>, Lith. <ets>pulkas</ets> crowd, and perh. to E.

<ets>follow</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>

<def>In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or

villages; a community; a tribe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The organization of each <qex>folk</qex>, as such, sprang

mainly from war.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>People in general, or a separate class of

people; -- generally used in the plural form, and often with a

qualifying adjective; <as>as, the old <ex>folks</ex>; poor

<ex>folks</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>In winter's tedious nights, sit by the fire

With good old <qex>folks</qex>, and let them tell thee tales.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The persons of one's own family; <as>as, our

<ex>folks</ex> are all well</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. New

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<cs><col>Folk song</col>, <cd>one of a class of songs long

popular with the common people.</cd> -- <col>Folk speech</col>,

<cd>the speech of the common people, as distinguished from that

of the educated class.</cd></cs>



<hw>Folk"land`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>folcland</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Land

held in villenage, being distributed among the <xex>folk</xex>,

or people, at the pleasure of the lord of the manor, and resumed

at his discretion. Not being held by any assurance in writing, it

was opposed to <xex>book</xex>land or <xex>charter</xex> land,

which was held by deed.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Folk"lore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <or/

<hw>Folk" lore`</hw>  }</mhw><def>. Tales, legends, or

superstitions long current among the people.</def>



<au>Trench.</au>



<hw>Folk"mote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>folcm<?/t</ets> folk meeting.]</ety> <def>An assembly of the

people</def>; esp. <fld>(Sax. Law)</fld>, <def>a general assembly

of the people to consider and order matters of the commonwealth;

also, a local court.</def> <mark>[Hist.]</mark>



<q>To which <qex>folkmote</qex> they all with one consent

Agreed to travel.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Folk"mot`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

takes part in a folkmote, or local court.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fol"li*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>folliculus</ets> a small bag, husk, pod, dim of

<ets>follis</ets> bellows, an inflated ball, a leathern money

bag, perh. akin to E. <ets>bellows</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>follicule</ets>. Cf. 2d <er>Fool</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A simple podlike pericarp which contains

several seeds and opens along the inner or ventral suture, as in

the peony, larkspur and milkweed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small cavity,

tubular depression, or sac; <as>as, a hair

<ex>follicle</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A simple gland or

glandular cavity; a crypt.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small mass

of adenoid tissue; <as>as, a lymphatic

<ex>follicle</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Fol*lic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Like, pertaining to, or consisting of, a follicles or

follicles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affecting the follicles;

<as>as, <ex>follicular</ex> pharyngitis</as>.</def>



<hw>Fol*lic"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

follicles.</def>



<hw>Fol*lic"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>folliculosus</ets> full of husks: cf. F.

<ets>folliculeux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or producing

follicles.</def>



<hw>Fol"li*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

folly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fol"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Followed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Following</er>.]</wordforms><ety>[OE. <ets>foluwen</ets>,

<ets>folwen</ets>, <ets>folgen</ets>, AS. <ets>folgian</ets>,

<ets>fylgean</ets>, <ets>fylgan</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>volgen</ets>, OHG. <ets>folg<?/n</ets>, G.

<ets>folgen</ets>, Icel. <ets>fylgja</ets>, Sw.

<ets>f\'94lja</ets>, Dan. <ets>f\'94lge</ets>, and perh. to E.

<ets>folk</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To go or come after; to

move behind in the same path or direction; hence, to go with (a

leader, guide, etc.); to accompany; to attend.</def>



<q>         It waves me forth again; I'll <qex>follow</qex>

it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To endeavor to overtake; to go in pursuit of; to

chase; to pursue; to prosecute.</def>



<q> I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall

<qex>follow</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Ex. xiv. 17.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To accept as authority; to adopt the opinions

of; to obey; to yield to; to take as a rule of action; <as>as, to

<ex>follow</ex> good advice</as>.</def>



<q>Approve the best, and <qex>follow</qex> what I approve</q>.

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Follow</qex> peace with all men.</q>

<qau>Heb. xii. 14.</qau>



<q> It is most agreeable to some men to <qex>follow</qex> their

reason; and to others to <qex>follow</qex> their appetites.</q>

<qau>J. Edwards.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To copy after; to take as an example.</def>



<q> We had rather <qex>follow</qex> the perfections of them whom

we like not, than in defects resemble them whom we love.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To succeed in order of time, rank, or

office.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To result from, as an effect from a cause, or an

inference from a premise.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To watch, as a receding object; to keep the eyes

fixed upon while in motion; to keep the mind upon while in

progress, as a speech, musical performance, etc.; also, to keep

up with; to understand the meaning, connection, or force of, as

of a course of thought or argument.</def>



<q>       He <qex>followed</qex> with his eyes the flitting

shade.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To walk in, as a road or course; to attend upon

closely, as a profession or calling.</def>



<q>O, had I but <qex>followed</qex> the arts!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>O Antony! I have <qex>followed</qex> thee to this.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Follow board</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a board on

which the pattern and the flask lie while the sand is rammed into

the flask.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> -- <col>To follow the

hounds</col>, <cd>to hunt with dogs.</cd> -- <col>To follow

suit</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to play a card of the

same suit as the leading card; hence, colloquially, to follow an

example set.</cd> -- <col>To follow up</col>, <cd>to pursue

indefatigably.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn.- To pursue; chase; go after; attend; accompany;

succeed; imitate; copy; embrace; maintain.</syn> <usage>- To

<er>Follow</er>, <er>Pursue</er>. To <xex>follow</xex> (v.t.)

denotes simply to go after; to <xex>pursue</xex> denotes to

follow with earnestness, and with a view to attain some definite

object; <as>as, a hound <ex>pursues</ex> the deer</as>. So a

person <xex>follows</xex> a companion whom he wishes to overtake

on a journey; the officers of justice <xex>pursue</xex> a felon

who has escaped from prison.</usage>



<hw>Fol"low</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go or come after; --

used in the various senses of the transitive verb: To pursue; to

attend; to accompany; to be a result; to imitate.</def>



<syn>Syn.- To <er>Follow</er>, <er>Succeed</er>,

<er>Ensue</er>.</syn> <usage> To <xex>follow</xex> (v.i.) means

simply to come after; <as>as, a crowd <ex>followed</ex></as>.

<xex>To succeed</xex> means to come after in some regular series

or succession; <as>as, day <ex>succeeds</ex> to day, and night to

night</as>. To <xex>ensue</xex> means to follow by some

established connection or principle of sequence. As wave

<xex>follows</xex> wave, revolution <xex>succeeds</xex> to

revolution; and nothing <xex>ensues</xex> but accumulated

wretchedness.</usage>



<hw>Fol"low*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>folwere</ets>, AS. <ets>folgere</ets>.]</ety> <def>1. One

who follows; a pursuer; an attendant; a disciple; a dependent

associate; a retainer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sweetheart; a beau.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>A. Trollope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

removable flange, or cover, of a piston. See <xex>Illust</xex>.

of <er>Piston</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gland. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Stuffing box</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The part of a machine that

receives motion from another part. See <er>Driver</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Among law stationers, a sheet of parchment or

paper which is added to the first sheet of an indenture or other

deed.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Imitator; copier; disciple; adherent; partisan;

dependent; attendant.</syn>



<hw>Fol"low*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One's followers, adherents, or dependents,

collectively.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vocation; business; profession.</def>



<hw>Fol"low*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Next after;

succeeding; ensuing; <as>as, the assembly was held on the

<ex>following</ex> day</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>(In the field of a

telescope) In the direction from which stars are apparently

moving (in consequence of the erth's rotation); <as>as, a small

star, north <ex>following</ex> or south <ex>following</ex></as>.

In the direction toward which stars appear to move is called

<xex>preceding</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ The four principal directions in the field of a

telescope are <xex>north</xex>, <xex>south</xex>,

<xex>following</xex>, <xex>preceding</xex>.</note>



<hw>Fol"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Follies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>folie</ets>, <ets>foli</ets>, F. <ets>folie</ets>, fr.

<ets>fol</ets>, <ets>fou</ets>, foolish, mad. See

<er>Fool</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being

foolish; want of good sense; levity, weakness, or derangement of

mind.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A foolish act; an inconsiderate or thoughtless

procedure; weak or light-minded conduct; foolery.</def>



<q>          What <qex>folly</qex> 'tis to hazard life for

ill.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Scandalous crime; sin; specifically, as applied

to a woman, wantonness.</def>



<q>[Achan] wrought <qex>folly</qex> in Israel.</q>

<qau>Josh. vii. 15.</qau>



<q>When lovely woman stoops to <qex>folly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The result of a foolish action or

enterprise.</def>



<q> It is called this man's or that man's

\'bd<qex>folly</qex>,\'b8 and name of the foolish builder is thus

kept alive for long after years.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<hw>Fol"we</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

follow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fo"mal*haut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[A<?/.,prop., mouth of the large fish: cf. F.

<ets>Fomalhaut</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star of

the first magnitude, in the constellation <xex>Piscis

Australis</xex>, or Southern Fish.</def>



<hw>Fo*ment"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fomented</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fomenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>fomenter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fomentare</ets>, fr.

<ets>fomentum</ets> (for <ets>fovimentum</ets>) a warm

application or lotion, fr. <ets>fovere</ets> to warm or keep

warm; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ to roast, and E.

<ets>bake</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To apply a warm lotion

to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge wet with warm water or

medicated liquid.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cherish with heat; to foster.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Which these soft fires . . . <qex>foment</qex> and warm.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To nurse to life or activity; to cherish and

promote by excitements; to encourage; to abet; to instigate; --

used often in a bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>foment</ex> ill

humors</as>.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<q>          But quench the choler you <qex>foment</qex> in

vain.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>         Exciting and <qex>fomenting</qex> a religious

rebellion.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>Fo`men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<?/.

<ets>fomentatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fomentation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of

fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal substances,

as for the purpose of easing pain, by relaxing the skin, or of

discussing tumors.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lotion applied to

a diseased part.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excitation; instigation; encouragement.</def>



<q>Dishonest <qex>fomentation</qex> of your pride.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Fo*ment"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

foments; one who encourages or instigates; <as>as, a

<ex>fomenter</ex> of sedition</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fo"mes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fomites</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>fomes</ets>,

<ets>-itis</ets>, touch-wood, tinder.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Any substance supposed to be capable of absorbing,

retaining, and transporting contagious or infectious germs;

<as>as, woolen clothes are said to be active

<ex>fomites</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Fon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Scand. origin;

cf. Icel. <ets>f\'beni</ets> silly, <ets>f\'bena</ets> to act

silly, Sw. <ets>f\'86ne</ets> fool. Cf. <er>Fond</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A fool; an idiot.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Find</er>.  Found.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fond</hw>, <pos>a.</pos>   <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Fonder</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Fondest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>fonned</ets>, p. p.

of OE. <ets>fonnen</ets> to be foolish. See <er>Fon</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Foolish; silly; simple; weak.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Grant I may never prove so <qex>fond</qex>

To trust man on his oath or bond.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Foolishly tender and loving; weakly indulgent;

over-affectionate.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Affectionate; loving; tender; -- in a good

sense; <as>as, a <ex>fond</ex> mother or wife</as>.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Loving; much pleased; affectionately regardful,

indulgent, or desirous; longing or yearning; --  followed by

<xex>of</xex> (formerly also by <xex>on</xex>).</def>



<q>           More <qex>fond</qex> on her than she upon her

love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>           You are as <qex>fond</qex> of grief as of your

child.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>     A great traveler, and <qex>fond</qex> of telling his

adventures.</q>

<qau>Irving.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Doted on; regarded with affection.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q> Nor fix on <qex>fond</qex> abodes to circumscribe thy

prayer.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Trifling; valued by folly; trivial.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fond</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To caress; to fondle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>    The Tyrian hugs and <qex>fonds</qex> thee on her

breast.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fond</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be fond; to dote.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fond"e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fandian</ets> to try.]</ety> <def>To endeavor; to strive; to

try.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fon"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fondled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fondling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Fond</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>To treat or handle with tenderness or

in a loving manner; to caress; <as>as, a nurse <ex>fondles</ex> a

child</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn.- See <er>Caress</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fon"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fondles.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fon"dling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fondle</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of caressing; manifestation

of tenderness.</def>



<q>          Cyrus made no . . . amorous <qex>fondling</qex>

          To fan her pride, or melt her guardless heart.</q>

<qau>Mickle.</qau>



<hw>Fond"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fond</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A person or thing fondled or caressed; one treated with

foolish or doting affection.</def>



<q><qex>Fondlings</qex> are in danger to be made fools.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fool; a simpleton; a ninny.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Fond"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Foolishly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Verstegan (1673).</au>



<q>          Make him speak <qex>fondly</qex> like a frantic

man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a fond manner; affectionately;

tenderly.</def>



<q>      My heart, untarveled, <qex>fondly</qex> turns to

thee.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Fond"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or

state of being fond; foolishness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>                 <qex>Fondness</qex> it were for any, being

free,

                 To covet fetters, though they golden be.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Doting affection; tender liking; strong

appetite, propensity, or relish; <as>as, he had a

<ex>fondness</ex> for truffles</as>.</def>



<q>       My heart had still some foolish <qex>fondness</qex> for

thee.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn.- Attachment; affection; love; kindness.</syn>



<hw>Fon"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fondant</ets> flux.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A large

copper vessel used for hot amalgamation.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fon`dus"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fondu</ets>, prop. p.p. of <ets>fondre</ets> to melt, blend.

See <er>Found</er> to cast.]</ety> <def>A style of printing

calico, paper hangings, etc., in which the colors are in bands

and graduated into each other.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Fone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <def><pos>pl.</pos> of

<er>Foe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fong"e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fang</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To take; to

receive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fon"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fon</er>.]</ety> <def>Foolishly; fondly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fon"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fon.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Font</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fonte</ets>, fr. <ets>fondre</ets> to melt or cast. See

<er>Found</er> to cast, and cf. <er>Fount</er> a font.]</ety>

<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A complete assortment of printing type

of one size, including a due proportion of all the letters in the

alphabet, large and small, points, accents, and whatever else is

necessary for printing with that variety of types; a fount.</def>



<hw>Font</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>font</ets>,

<ets>fant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fons</ets>, <ets>fontis</ets>,

spring, fountain; cf. OF. <ets>font</ets>, <ets>funt</ets>, F.

<ets>fonts</ets>, <ets>fonts baptismaux</ets>, pl. See

<er>Fount</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fountain; a spring; a

source.</def>



<q>      Bathing forever in the <qex>font</qex> of bliss.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A basin or stone vessel in which water is

contained for baptizing.</def>



<q>           That name was given me at the <qex>font</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Font"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to a

font, fountain, source, or origin; original; primitive.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>         From the <qex>fontal</qex> light of ideas only can a

man draw intellectual power.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Fon"ta*nel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fontanelle</ets>, prop., a little fountain, fr.

<ets>fontaine</ets> fountain. See <er>Fountain</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An issue or artificial ulcer

for the discharge of humors from the

body.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the membranous

intervals between the incompleted angles of the parietal and

neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull; -- so called because

it exhibits a rhythmical pulsation.</def>



<note><hand/ In the human fetus there are six fontanels, of which

the anterior, or bregmatic, situated at the junction of the

coronal and sagittal sutures, is much the largest, and remains

open a considerable time after birth.</note>



<hw>\'d8Fon`ta`nelle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Fontanel</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fon`tange"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

from the name of the first wearer, Mlle. de <ets>Fontanges</ets>,

about 1679.]</ety> <def>A kind of tall headdress formerly

worn.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Food</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fode</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'d3da</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>f\'91\'eba</ets>, <ets>f\'91\'ebi</ets>, Sw.

<ets>f\'94da</ets>, Dan. & LG. <ets>f\'94de</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fatunga</ets>, Gr. <grk>patei^sthai</grk> to eat, and perh.

to Skr. <ets>p\'be</ets> to protect, L. <ets>pascere</ets> to

feed, pasture, <ets>pabulum</ets> food, E. <ets>pasture</ets>.

\'fb75. Cf. <er>Feed</er>, <er>Fodder</er> food, <er>Foster</er>

to cherish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>What is fed upon; that which

goes to support life by being received within, and assimilated

by, the organism of an animal or a plant; nutriment; aliment;

especially, what is eaten by animals for nourishment.</def>



<note><hand/ In a physiological sense, true aliment is to be

distinguished as that portion of the food which is capable of

being digested and absorbed into the blood, thus furnishing

nourishment, in distinction from the indigestible matter which

passes out through the alimentary canal as f\'91ces.</note>



<note><hand/ Foods are divided into two main groups:

<xex>nitrogenous</xex>, or <xex>proteid</xex>, foods,

<it>i.e.</it>, those which contain nitrogen, and

<xex>nonnitrogenous</xex>, <it>i.e.</it>, those which do not

contain nitrogen. The latter group embraces the fats and

carbohydrates, which collectively are sometimes termed <xex>heat

producers</xex> or <xex>respiratory foods</xex>, since by

oxidation in the body they especially subserve the production of

heat. The proteids, on the other hand, are known as <xex>plastic

foods</xex> or <xex>tissue formers</xex>, since no tissue can be

formed without them.  These latter terms, however, are

misleading, since proteid foods may also give rise to heat both

directly and indirectly, and the fats and carbohydrates are

useful in other ways than in producing heat.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that instructs the intellect, excites

the feelings, or molds habits of character; that which

nourishes.</def>



<q>This may prove <qex>food</qex> to my displeasure.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>In this moment there is life and <qex>food</qex>

For future years.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Food</xex> is often used adjectively or in

self-explaining compounds, as in <xex>food</xex> fish or

<xex>food</xex>-fish, <xex>food</xex> supply.</note>



<cs><col>Food vacuole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

spaces in the interior of a protozoan in which food is contained,

during digestion.</cd> -- <col>Food yolk</col>.

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Yolk</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Aliment; sustenance; nutriment; feed; fare;

victuals; provisions; meat.</syn>



<hw>Food</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To supply with food.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Baret.</au>



<-- p. 580 -->



<hw>Food"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of food;

supplying food; fruitful; fertile.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>foodful</xex> earth.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>Bent by its <qex>foodful</qex> burden [the corn].</q>

<qau>Glover.</qau>



<hw>Food"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without food;

barren.</def>



<au>Sandys.</au>



<hw>Food"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Eatable;

fruitful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Fool</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fouler</ets> to tread, crush. Cf. 1st <er>Foil</er>.]</ety>

<def>A compound of gooseberries scalded and crushed, with cream;

-- commonly called <xex>gooseberry fool</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fool</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fol</ets>,

<pos>n.</pos> & adj., F. <ets>fol</ets>, <ets>fou</ets>, foolish,

mad; a fool, prob. fr. L. <ets>follis</ets> a bellows, wind bag,

an inflated ball; perh. akin to E. <ets>bellows</ets>. Cf.

<er>Folly</er>, <er>Follicle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

destitute of reason, or of the common powers of understanding; an

idiot; a natural.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person deficient in intellect; one who acts

absurdly, or pursues a course contrary to the dictates of wisdom;

one without judgment; a simpleton; a dolt.</def>



<q>           Extol not riches, then, the toil of

<qex>fools</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q> Experience keeps a dear school, but <qex>fools</qex> will

learn in no <qex>other</qex>.</q>

<qau>Franklin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>One who acts contrary to

moral and religious wisdom; a wicked person.</def>



<q>    The <qex>fool</qex> hath said in his heart, There is no

God.</q>

<qau>Ps. xiv. 1.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who counterfeits folly; a professional

jester or buffoon; a retainer formerly kept to make sport,

dressed fantastically in motley, with ridiculous

accouterments.</def>



<q>         Can they think me . . . their <qex>fool</qex> or

jester?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>April fool</col>, <col>Court fool</col>,

etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>April</er>, <er>Court</er>,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Fool's cap</col>, <cd>a cap or hood to which

bells were usually attached, formerly worn by professional

jesters.</cd> -- <col>Fool's errand</col>, <cd>an unreasonable,

silly, profitless adventure or undertaking.</cd> -- <col>Fool's

gold</col>, <cd>iron or copper pyrites, resembling gold in

color.</cd> -- <col>Fool's paradise</col>, <cd>a name applied to

a limbo (see under <er>Limbo</er>) popularly believed to be the

region of vanity and nonsense. Hence, any foolish pleasure or

condition of vain self-satistaction.</cd> -- <col>Fool's

parsley</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual umbelliferous

plant (<spn>\'92thusa Cynapium</spn>) resembling parsley, but

nauseous and poisonous.</cd> -- <col>To make a fool of</col>,

<cd>to render ridiculous; to outwit; to shame.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To play the fool</col>, <cd>to act

the buffoon; to act a foolish part. \'bdI have <xex>played the

fool<xex>, and have erred exceedingly.\'b8 <au>1 Sam. xxvi.

21.</au></cd></cs>



<hw>Fool</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fooled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fooling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play the fool; to trifle;

to toy; to spend time in idle sport or mirth.</def>

<-- = to fool around -->



<q>Is this a time for <qex>fooling</qex>?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fool</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To infatuate; to

make foolish.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>For, <qex>fooled</qex> with hope, men favor the deceit.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use as a fool; to deceive in a shameful or

mortifying manner; to impose upon; to cheat by inspiring foolish

confidence; <as>as, to <ex>fool</ex> one out of his

money</as>.</def>



<q>You are <qex>fooled</qex>, discarded, and shook off

By him for whom these shames ye underwent.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To fool away</col>, <cd>to get rid of foolishly; to

spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or without

advantage.</cd></cs>



<hw>Foo"lahs`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.

<singw>Foolah</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Fulahs</er>.</def>



<hw>Fool"-born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Begotten by

a fool.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fool"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fooleries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

practice of folly; the behavior of a fool; absurdity.</def>



<q>Folly in fools bears not so strong a note,

As <qex>foolery</qex> in the wise, when wit doth dote.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of folly or weakness; a foolish practice;

something absurd or nonsensical.</def>



<q>That Pythagoras, Plato, or Orpheus, believed in any of these

<qex>fooleries</qex>, it can not be suspected.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<hw>Fool"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The orange

filefish<--clownfish?-->. See <er>Filefish</er>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The winter flounder. See

<er>Flounder</er>.</def>



<hw>Fool"-hap`py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lucky,

without judgment or contrivance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fool"har`di*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being foolhardy; foolhardiness.</def>



<hw>Fool"har`di*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a foolhardy

manner.</def>



<hw>Fool"har`di*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Courage without

sense or judgment; foolish rashness; recklessness.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fool"har`dise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fool</ets>, F. <ets>fol</ets>, <ets>fou</ets> + F.

<ets>hardiesse</ets> boldness.]</ety> <def>Foolhardiness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fool"har`dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>folhardi</ets>. See <er>Fool</er> idiot, and

<er>Hardy</er>.]</ety> <def>Daring without judgment; foolishly

adventurous and bold.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Rash; venturesome; venturous; precipitate; reckless;

headlong; incautious. See <er>Rash</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fool"-has`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Foolishly

hasty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fool"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fool</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a

fool of; to befool.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Fool"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Marked with, or

exhibiting, folly; void of understanding; weak in intellect;

without judgment or discretion; silly; unwise.</def>



<q>           I am a very <qex>foolish</qex> fond old man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Such as a fool would do; proceeding from

weakness of mind or silliness; exhibiting a want of judgment or

discretion; <as>as, a <ex>foolish</ex> act</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Absurd; ridiculous; despicable;

contemptible.</def>



<q>                 A <qex>foolish</qex> figure he must make.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Absurd; shallow; shallow-brained; brainless; simple;

irrational; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; silly;

ridiculous; vain; trifling; contemptible. See

<er>Absurd</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fool"ish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a foolish

manner.</def>



<hw>Fool"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of being foolish.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A foolish practice; an absurdity.</def>



<q> The preaching of the cross is to them that perish

<qex>foolishness</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. i. 18.</qau>



<hw>Fool"-large`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>follarge</ets>. See <er>Fool</er>, and

<er>Large</er>.]</ety> <def>Foolishly liberal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fool"-lar*gesse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fool-large</er>, <er>Largess</er>.]</ety> <def>Foolish

expenditure; waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fools"cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called

from the watermark of a <ets>fool's cap and bells</ets> used by

old paper makers. See <ets>Fool's cap</ets>, under

<er>Fool</er>.]</ety> <def>A writing paper made in sheets,

ordinarily 16 x 13 inches, and folded so as to make a page 13 x 8

inches. See <er>Paper</er>.</def>



<hw>Foot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Feet</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>fot</ets>,

<ets>foot</ets>, pl. <?/ <ets>feet</ets>. AS. <ets>f<?/t</ets>,

pl. <ets>f<?/t</ets>; akin to D. <ets>voet</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fuoz</ets>, G. <ets>fuss</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/ir</ets>, Sw.

<ets>fot</ets>, Dan. <ets>fod</ets>, Goth. <ets>f<?/tus</ets>, L.

<ets>pes</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>p\'bed</ets>, Icel.

<ets>fet</ets> step, pace measure of a foot, <ets>feta</ets> to

step, find one's way. \'fb77, 250. Cf. <er>Antipodes</er>,

<er>Cap-a-pie</er>, <er>Expedient</er>, <er>Fet</er> to fetch,

<er>Fetlock</er>, <er>Fetter</er>, <er>Pawn</er> a piece in

chess, <er>Pedal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The terminal part of the leg of man or an animal; esp., the

part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an animal upon which

it rests when standing, or moves. See <er>Manus</er>, and

<er>Pes</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The muscular locomotive

organ of a mollusk. It is a median organ arising from the ventral

region of body, often in the form of a flat disk, as in snails.

See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Buccinum</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which corresponds to the foot of a man or

animal; <as>as, the <ex>foot</ex> of a table; the <ex>foot</ex>

of a stocking.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The lowest part or base; the ground part; the

bottom, as of a mountain or column; also, the last of a row or

series; the end or extremity, esp. if associated with

inferiority; <as>as, the <ex>foot</ex> of a hill; the

<ex>foot</ex> of the procession; the <ex>foot</ex> of a class;

the <ex>foot</ex> of the bed.</as></def>



<q>                                  And now at <qex>foot</qex>

         Of heaven's ascent they lift their feet.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fundamental principle; basis; plan; -- used only

in the singular.</def>



<q>     Answer directly upon the <qex>foot</qex> of dry

reason.</q>

<qau>Berkeley.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Recognized condition; rank; footing; -- used

only in the singular.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>        As to his being on the <qex>foot</qex> of a

servant.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches;

one third of a yard. See <er>Yard</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ This measure is supposed to be taken from the length

of a man's foot. It differs in length in different countries. In

the United States and in England it is 304.8 millimeters.</note>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Soldiers who march and fight

on foot; the infantry, usually designated as <xex>the foot</xex>,

in distinction from the cavalry.</def> \'bdBoth horse and

<xex>foot</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A combination of syllables

consisting a metrical element of a verse, the syllables being

formerly distinguished by their quantity or length, but in modern

poetry by the accent.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lower edge of a

sail.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Foot</xex> is often used adjectively,

signifying <xex>of or pertaining to a foot or the feet</xex>,

<xex>or to the base or lower part</xex>. It is also much used as

the first of compounds.</note>



<cs> <col>Foot artillery</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>Artillery soldiers serving in foot.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>Heavy artillery.</cd> <au>Farrow.</au> -- <col>Foot

bank</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a raised way within a

parapet.</cd> -- <col>Foot barracks</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,

<cd>barracks for infantery.</cd> -- <col>Foot bellows</col>,

<cd>a bellows worked by a treadle.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> --

<col>Foot company</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a company of

infantry.</cd> <au>Milton.</au> -- <col>Foot gear</col>,

<cd>covering for the feet, as stocking, shoes, or boots.</cd> --

<col>Foot hammer</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a small tilt

hammer moved by a treadle.</cd> -- <col>Foot iron</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The step of a carriage.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

fetter.</cd> -- <col>Foot jaw</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Maxilliped</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foot key</col>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an organ pedal.</cd> -- <col>Foot

level</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>a form of level used in

giving any proposed angle of elevation to a piece of

ordnance.</cd> <au>Farrow.</au> -- <col>Foot mantle</col>, <cd>a

long garment to protect the dress in riding; a riding skirt.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Foot page</col>, <cd>an errand boy;

an attendant.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Foot

passenger</col>, <cd>one who passes on foot, as over a road or

bridge.</cd> -- <col>Foot pavement</col>, <cd>a paved way for

foot passengers; a footway; a trottoir.</cd> -- <col>Foot

poet</col>, <cd>an inferior poet; a poetaster.

<mark>[R.]</mark></cd> <au>Dryden.</au> -- <col>Foot post</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A letter carrier who travels on foot.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A mail delivery by means of such carriers.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Fot pound</col>, <and/ <col>Foot

poundal</col></mcol>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Foot

pound</er> and <er>Foot poundal</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<col>Foot press</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a cutting,

embossing, or printing press, moved by a treadle.</cd> --

<col>Foot race</col>, <cd>a race run by persons on foot.</cd>

<au>Cowper.</au> -- <col>Foot rail</col>, <cd>a railroad rail,

with a wide flat flange on the lower side.</cd> -- <col>Foot

rot</col>, <cd>an ulcer in the feet of sheep; claw sickness.</cd>

-- <col>Foot rule</col>, <cd>a rule or measure twelve inches

long.</cd> -- <col>Foot screw</col>, <cd>an adjusting screw which

forms a foot, and serves to give a machine or table a level

standing on an uneven place.</cd> -- <col>Foot secretion</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sclerobase</er>.</cd> --

<col>Foot soldier</col>, <cd>a soldier who serves on foot.</cd>

-- <col>Foot stick</col> <fld>(Printing)</fld>, <cd>a beveled

piece of furniture placed against the foot of the page, to hold

the type in place.</cd> -- <col>Foot stove</col>, <cd>a small

box, with an iron pan, to hold hot coals for warming the

feet.</cd> -- <col>Foot tubercle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Parapodium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foot valve</col>

<fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the valve that opens to the air

pump from the condenser.</cd> -- <col>Foot vise</col>, <cd>a kind

of vise the jaws of which are operated by a treadle.</cd> --

<col>Foot waling</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the inside planks

or lining of a vessel over the floor timbers.</cd>

<au>Totten.</au> -- <col>Foot wall</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>,

<cd>the under wall of an inclosed vein.</cd></cs>



<cs> <mcol><col>By foot</col>, <or/ <col>On foot</col></mcol>,

<cd>by walking; as, to pass a stream <xex>on foot<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Cubic foot</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cubic</er>.</cd> --

<col>Foot and mouth disease</col>, <cd>a contagious disease

<it>(Eczema epizo\'94tica)</it> of cattle, sheep, swine, etc.,

characterized by the formation of vesicles and ulcers in the

mouth and about the hoofs.</cd> -- <col>Foot of the fine</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the concluding portion of an acknowledgment

in court by which, formerly, the title of land was conveyed. See

<cref>Fine of land</cref>, under <er>Fine</er>, <pos>n.</pos>;

also <er>Chirograph</er>. (b).</cd> -- <col>Square foot</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Square</er>.</cd> -- <col>To be on foot</col>,

<cd>to be in motion, action, or process of execution.</cd> --

<col>To keep the foot</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>to preserve

decorum. \'bd<xex>Keep thy foot<xex> when thou goest to the house

of God.\'b8</cd> <au>Eccl. v. 1.</au> -- <col>To put one's foot

down</col>, <cd>to take a resolute stand; to be determined.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To put the best foot

foremost</col>, <cd>to make a good appearance; to do one's

best.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</<mark> -- <col>To set on foot</col>,

<cd>to put in motion; to originate; as, <xex>to set on foot<xex>

a subscription.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>put, <or/

set</col>, <col>one on his feet</col></mcol>, <cd>to put one in a

position to go on; to assist to start.</cd> -- <col>Under

foot</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Under the feet; (<mark>Fig.</mark>)

<cd>at one's mercy; as, to trample <xex>under foot<xex>.</cd>

<au>Gibbon.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Below par.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThey would be forced to sell . . . far

<xex>under foot</xex>.\'b8 <au>Bacon.</au></cs>



<hw>Foot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Footed</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Footing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

tread to measure or music; to dance; to trip; to skip.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To walk; -- opposed to <xex>ride</xex> or

<xex>fly</xex>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Foot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To kick with the

foot; to spurn.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set on foot; to establish; to land.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What confederacy have you with the traitors

Late <qex>footed</qex> in the kingdom?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To tread; <as>as, to <ex>foot</ex> the

green</as>.</def>



<au>Tickell.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To sum up, as the numbers in a column; --

sometimes with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>foot</ex> (or

<ex>foot</ex> up) an account</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The size or strike with the talon.</def>

<mark>[Poet.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To renew the foot of, as of stocking.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>To foot a bill</col>, <cd>to pay it.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To foot it</col></mcol>, <cd>to

walk; also, to dance.</cd></cs><-- = to hoof it (to walk) -->



<q>If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can

<qex>foot it</qex> farthest.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Foot"ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An inflated

ball to be kicked in sport, usually made in India rubber, or a

bladder incased in Leather.</def>



<au>Waller.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The game of kicking the football by opposing

parties of players between goals.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Foot"band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A band of

foot soldiers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Foot"bath`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bath for

the feet; also, a vessel used in bathing the feet.</def>



<hw>Foot"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A board or narrow platfrom upon which one may stand or brace

his feet</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The platform for the

engineer and fireman of a locomotive</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

foot-rest of a coachman's box.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A board forming the foot of a bedstead.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A treadle.</def>



<hw>Foot"boy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A page; an

attendant in livery; a lackey.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Foot"breadth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

breadth of a foot; -- used as a measure.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<q>Not so much as a <qex>footbreadth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Deut. ii. 5.</qau>



<hw>Foot"bridge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A narrow

bridge for foot passengers only.</def>



<hw>Foot"cloth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Formerly, a

housing or caparison for a horse.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Foot"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a foot or

feet; shaped in the foot.</def> \'bd<xex>Footed</xex> like a

goat.\'b8



<au>Grew.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Footed</xex> is often used in composition in

the sense of <xex>having</xex> (<xex>such</xex> or <xex>so

many</xex>) <xex>feet</xex>; as, four<xex>footed</xex>

beasts.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a foothold; established.</def>



<q>Our king . . . is <qex>footed</qex> in this land already.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Foot"fall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>A setting

down of the foot; a footstep; the sound of a footstep.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Seraphim, whose <qex>footfalls</qex> tinkled on the tufted

floor.</q>

<qau>Poe<?/.</qau>



<hw>Foot"fight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A conflict

by persons on foot; -- distinguished from a fight on

horseback.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Foot"glove`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

stocking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Foot" Guards`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pl.</pos> <def>Infantry

soldiers belonging to select regiments called the Guards.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Foot"halt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A disease

affecting the feet of sheep.</def>



<hw>Foot"hill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A low hill

at the foot of highe<?/ hills or mountains.</def>



<hw>Foot"hold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A holding

with the feet; firm<?/ standing; that on which one may treead or

rest securely; footing.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Foot"hook`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Futtock</er>.</def>



<hw>Foot"hot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Hastily;

immediately; instantly; on the spot; hotfloot.</def>



<au>Gower.</au>



<q>Custance have they taken anon, <qex>foothot</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Foot"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ground for the

foot; place for the foot to rest on; firm foundation to stand

on.</def>



<q>In ascent, every st<?/p gained is a <qex>footing</qex> and

help to the next.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Standing; position; established place; basis for

operation; permanent settlement; foothold.</def>



<q>As soon as he had obtained a <qex>footing</qex> at court, the

charms of his manner . . . made him a favorite.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Relative condition; state.</def>



<q>Lived on a <qex>footing</qex> of equality with nobles.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Tread; step; especially, measured tread.</def>



<q>Hark, I hear the <qex>footing</qex> of a man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act of adding up a column of figures; the

amount or sum total of such a column.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The act of putting a foot to anything; also,

that which is added as a foot; <as>as, the <ex>footing</ex> of a

stocking</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A narrow cotton lace, without figures.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The finer refuse part of whale blubber, not

wholly deprived of oil.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Arch. & Enging.)</fld> <def>The thickened or

sloping portion of a wall, or of an embankment at its foot.</def>



<cs><col>Footing course</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

courses of masonry at the foot of a wall, broader than the

courses above.</cd> -- <col>To pay one's footing</col>, <cd>to

pay a fee on first doing anything, as working at a trade or in a

shop.</cd> <au>Wright.</au> -- <col>Footing beam</col>, <cd>the

tie beam of a roof.</cd></cs>



<hw>Foot"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no feet.</def>



<hw>Foot"lick`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

sycophant; a fawner; a toady. Cf. <er>Bootlick</er>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Foot"light`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>One of a row

of lights in the front of the stage in a theater, etc., and on a

level therewith.</def>



<cs><col>Before the footlights</col>, <cd>upon the stage; --

hence, in the capacity of an actor.</cd></cs>



<hw>Foot"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Footmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A soldier who

marches and fights on foot; a foot soldier.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man in waiting; a male servant whose duties

are to attend the door, the carriage, the table, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Formerly, a servant who ran in front of his

master's carriage; a runner.</def>



<au>Prior.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A metallic stand with four feet, for keeping

anything warm before a fire.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A moth of the family

<spn>Lithosid\'91</spn>; -- so called from its livery-like

colors.</def>



<hw>Foot"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Art or skill of a

footman.</def>



<hw>Foot"mark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A footprint;

a track or vestige.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Foot"note`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A note of

reference or comment at the foot of a page.</def>



<hw>Foot"pace`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A walking pace or step.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dais, or elevated platform; the highest step

of the altar; a landing in a staircase.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Foot"pad`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A highwayman

or robber on foot.</def>



<hw>Foot"path`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Footpaths</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A narrow path or

way for pedestrains only; a footway.</def>



<hw>Foot"plate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Locomotives)</fld> <def>See <er>Footboard</er>

<sd>(a)</sd>.</def>



<hw>Foot" pound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A

unit of energy, or work, being equal to the work done in raising

one pound avoirdupois against the force of gravity the height of

one foot.</def>



<-- p. 581 -->



<hw>Foot" pound`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A

unit of energy or work, equal to the work done in moving a body

through one foot against the force of one poundal.</def>



<hw>Foot"print`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

impression of the foot; a trace or footmark; <as>as,

\'bd<ex>Footprints</ex> of the Creator</as>.\'b8</def>



<hw>Foot"rope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Aut.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rope rigged below a yard, upon which men

stand when reefing or furling; -- formerly called a

<xex>horse</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of the

boltrope to which the lower edge of a sail is sewed.</def>



<hw>Foots</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The settlings

of oil, molasses, etc., at the bottom of a barrel or

hogshead.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Foot"-sore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having sore

or tender feet, as by reason of much walking; <as>as,

<ex>foot-sore</ex> cattle</as>.</def>



<hw>Foot"stalk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stalk of a leaf or of flower; a

petiole, pedicel, or reduncle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The peduncle

or stem by which various marine animals are attached, as certain

brachiopods and goose barnacles.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The stem

which supports which supports the eye in decapod Crustacea;

eyestalk.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The lower part of a millstone

spindle. It rests in a step.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Foot"stall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Pedestal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The stirrup of a

woman's saddle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The plinth or base of a

pillar.</def>



<hw>Foot"step`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The mark or impression of the foot; a track; hence, visible

sign of a course pursued; token; mark; <as>as, the

<ex>footsteps</ex> of divine wisdom</as>.</def>



<q>How on the faltering <qex>footsteps</qex> of decay

Youth presses.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inclined plane under a hand printing

press.</def>



<hw>Foot"stone`</hw> <pr>(?; 110)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

stone at the foot of a grave; -- opposed to

<xex>headstone</xex>.</def>



<hw>Foot"stool`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A low stool

to support the feet of one when sitting.</def>



<hw>Foot"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A passage for

pedestrians only.</def>



<hw>Foot"worn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Worn by, or

weared in, the feet; <as>as, a <ex>footworn</ex> path; a

<ex>footworn</ex> traveler.</as></def>



<hw>Foot"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having <xex>foots</xex>, or settlings; <as>as,

<ex>footy</ex> oil, molasses, etc.</as></def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Poor; mean.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Fop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>foppe</ets>, <ets>fop</ets>, fool; cf. E. <ets>fob</ets> to

cheat, G. <ets>foppen</ets> to make a fool of one, jeer, D.

<ets>foppen</ets>.]</ety> <def>One whose ambition it is to gain

admiration by showy dress; a coxcomb; an inferior dandy.</def>



<hw>Fop"-doo`dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stupid

or insignaficant fellow; a fool; a simpleton.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Fop"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A petty

fop.</def>



<au>Landor.</au>



<hw>Fop"per*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fopperies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[From

<er>Fop</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The behavior, dress, or

other indication of a fop; coxcombry; affectation of show; showy

folly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Folly; foolery.</def>



<q>Let not the sound of shallow <qex>foppery</qex> enter

My sober house.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fop"pish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Foplike;

characteristic of a top in dress or manners; making an

ostentatious display of gay clothing; affected in manners.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Finical; spruce; dandyish. See

<er>Finical</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fop"pish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fop"pish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>For-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[AS. <ets>for-</ets>; akin to

D. & G. <ets>ver</ets>-, OHG. <ets>fir</ets>-, Icel.

<ets>for</ets>-, Goth. <ets>fra</ets>-, cf. Skr.

<ets>par\'be-</ets> away, Gr. <?/ beside, and E. <ets>far</ets>,

adj. Cf. <er>Fret</er> to rub.]</ety> <def>A prefix to verbs,

having usually the force of a negative or privative. It often

implies also <xex>loss</xex>, <xex>detriment</xex>, or

<xex>destruction</xex>, and sometimes it is intensive, meaning

<xex>utterly</xex>, <xex>quite thoroughly</xex>, as in

<xex>for</xex>bathe.</def>



<hw>For</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>for</ets>, <ets>fore</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>for</ets>,

<ets>fora</ets>, <ets>furi</ets>, D. <ets>voor</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fora</ets>, G. <ets>vor</ets>, OHG. <ets>furi</ets>, G.

<ets>f\'81r</ets>, Icel. <ets>fyrir</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'94r</ets>,

Dan. <ets>for</ets>, adv. <ets>f\'94r</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fa\'a3r</ets>, <ets>fa\'a3ra</ets>, L. <ets>pro</ets>, Gr.

<?/, Skr. <ets>pra</ets>-. <root/ 202. Cf. <er>Fore</er>,

<er>First</er>, <er>Foremost</er>, <er>Forth</er>,

<er>Pro</er>-.]</ety> <def>In the most general sense, indicating

that in consideration of, in view of, or with reference to, which

anything is done or takes place.</def>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Indicating the antecedent cause or occasion of

an action; the motive or inducement accompanying and prompting to

an act or state; the reason of anything; that on account of which

a thing is or is done.</def>



<q>With fiery eyes sparkling <qex>for</qex> very wrath.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>How to choose dogs <qex>for</qex> scent or speed.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<q>Now, <qex>for</qex> so many glorious actions done,

<qex>For</qex> peace at home, and <qex>for</qex> the public

wealth,

I mean to crown a bowl <qex>for</qex> C\'91sar's health.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>That which we, <qex>for</qex> our unworthiness, are afraid to

crave, our prayer is, that God, <qex>for</qex> the worthiness of

his Son, would, notwithstanding, vouchsafe to grant.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Indicating the remoter and indirect object of an

act; the end or final cause with reference to which anything is,

acts, serves, or is done.</def>



<q>The oak <qex>for</qex> nothing ill,

The osier good <qex>for</qex> twigs, the poplar <qex>for</qex>

the mill.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>It was young counsel <qex>for</qex> the persons, and violent

counsel <qex>for</qex> the matters.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Shall I think the worls was made <qex>for one</qex>,

And men are born <qex>for</qex> kings, as beasts <qex>for</qex>

men,

Not <qex>for</qex> protection, but to be devoured?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>For he writes not <qex>for</qex> money, nor <qex>for</qex>

praise.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Indicating that in favor of which, or in

promoting which, anything is, or is done; hence, in behalf of; in

favor of; on the side of; -- opposed to <xex>against</xex>.</def>



<q>We can do nothing against the truth, but <qex>for</qex> the

truth.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. xiii. 8.</qau>



<q>It is <qex>for</qex> the general good of human society, and

consequently of particular persons, to be true and just; and it

is <qex>for</qex> men's health to be temperate.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<q>Aristotle is <qex>for</qex> poetical justice.</q>

<qau>Dennis.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Indicating that toward which the action of

anything is directed, or the point toward which motion is made;

<?/ntending to go to.</def>



<q>We sailed from Peru <qex>for</qex> China and Japan.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Indicating that on place of or instead of which

anything acts or serves, or that to which a substitute, an

equivalent, a compensation, or the like, is offered or made;

instead of, or place of.</def>



<q>And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life

<qex>for</qex> life, eye <qex>for</qex> eye, tooth <qex>for</qex>

tooth, hand <qex>for</qex> hand, foot <qex>for</qex> foot.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxi. 23, 24.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Indicating that in the character of or as being

which anything is regarded or treated; to be, or as being.</def>



<q>We take a falling meteor <qex>for</qex> a star.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<q>If a man can be fully assured of anything <qex>for</qex> a

truth, without having examined, what is there that he may not

embrace <qex>for</qex> tru<?/?</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q><qex>Most of our ingenious young men take up some cried-up

English poet for</qex> their model.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>But let her go <qex>for</qex> an ungrateful woman.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Indicating that instead of which something else

controls in the performing of an action, or that in spite of

which anything is done, occurs, or is; hence, equivalent to

<xex>notwithstanding</xex>, <xex>in spite of</xex>; -- generally

followed by <xex>all</xex>, <xex>aught</xex>,

<xex>anything</xex>, etc.</def>



<q>The writer will do what she please <qex>for</qex> all me.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<q>God's desertion shall, <qex>for</qex> aught he knows, the next

minute supervene.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<q><qex>For</qex> anything that legally appears to the contrary,

it may be a contrivance to fright us.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Indicating the space or time through which an

action or state extends; hence, during; in or through the space

or time of.</def>



<q><qex>For</qex> many miles about

There 's scarce a bush.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Since, hired <qex>for</qex> life, thy servile muse sing.</q>

<qau>prior.</qau>



<q>To guide the sun's bright chariot <qex>for</qex> a day.</q>

<qau>Garth.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Indicating that in prevention of which, or

through fear of which, anything is done.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We 'll have a bib, <qex>for</qex> spoiling of thy doublet.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>For</col>, <or/ <col>As for</col></mcol>, <cd>so

far as concerns; as regards; with reference to; -- used

parenthetically or independently. See under <er>As</er>.</cd>



<q><qex>As for</qex> me and my house, we will serve the Lord.</q>

<qau>Josh. xxiv. 15.</qau>



<q><qex>For</qex> me, my stormy voyage at an end,

I to the port of death securely tend.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



-- <col>For all that</col>, <cd>notwithstanding; in spite

of.</cd> -- <col>For all the world</col>, <cd>wholly; exactly.

\'bdWhose posy was, <xex>for all the world<xex>, like cutlers'

poetry.\'b8</cd> <au>Shak.</au> -- <mcol><col>For as much

as</col>, <or/ <col>Forasmuch as</col></mcol>, <cd>in

consideration that; seeing that; since.</cd> -- <col>For

by</col>. <cd>See <er>Forby</er>, <pos>adv.</pos></cd> --

<col>For ever</col>, <cd>eternally; at all times. See

<er>Forever</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>For me</col>, <or/ <col>For

all me</col></mcol>, <cd>as far as regards me.</cd> --

<mcol><col>For my life</col>, <or/ <col>For the life of

me</col></mcol>, <cd>if my life depended on it.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <au>T. Hook.</au> -- <mcol><col>For

that</col>, <col>For the reason that</col></mcol>, <cd>because;

since. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>For that<xex> I love your

daughter.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au></cd>  -- <mcol><col>For thy</col>,

<or/ <col>Forthy</col></mcol> <ety>[AS.

<ets>for<?/<ets><?/]</ety>, <cd>for this; on this account.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThomalin, have no care <xex>for

thy<xex>.\'b8 <au>Spenser.</au></cd> -- <col>For to</col>, <cd>as

sign of infinitive, in order to; to the end of. <mark>[Obs.,

except as sometimes heard in illiterate speech.]</mark> --

\'bdWhat went ye out <xex>for to<xex> see?\'b8 <au>Luke vii.

25.</au></cd> See <er>To</er>, <pos>prep.</pos>, 4. -- <col>O

for</col>, <cd>would that I had; may there be granted; --

elliptically expressing desire or prayer.</cd> \'bd<xex>O

for</xex> a muse of fire.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> -- <mcol><col>Were

it not for</col>, <or/ <col>If it were not for</col></mcol>,

<cd>leaving out of account; but for the presence or action of.

\'bdMoral consideration can no way move the sensible appetite,

<xex>were it not for<xex> the will.\'b8</cd> <au>Sir M.

Hale.</au></cs>



<hw>For</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old

English, the reason of anything.</def>



<q>And <qex>for</qex> of long that way had walk\'82d none,

The vault was hid with plants and bushes hoar.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<q>And Heaven defend your good souls, that you think

I will your serious and great business scant,

<qex>For</qex> she with me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Since; because; introducing a reason of

something before advanced, a cause, motive, explanation,

justification, or the like, of an action related or a statement

made. It is logically nearly equivalent to <xex>since</xex>, or

<xex>because</xex>, but connects less closely, and is sometimes

used as a very general introduction to something suggested by

what has gone before.</def>



<q>Give thanks unto the Lord; <qex>for</qex> he is good;

<qex>for</qex> his mercy endureth forever.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxxxvi. 1.</qau>



<q>Heaven doth with us as we with torches do,

Not light them for themselves; <qex>for</qex> if our virtues

Did not go forth of us, 't were all alike

As if we had them not.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>For because</col>, <cd>because. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdNor <xex>for because<xex> they set less store by their own

citizens.\'b8</cd> <au>Robynson (More's Utopia).</au> -- <col>For

why</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Why; for that reason; wherefore.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Because.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Forwhy</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Because</er>.</syn>



<hw>For</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who takes, or that which is

said on, the affrimative side; that which is said in favor of

some one or something; -- the antithesis of <xex>against</xex>,

and commonly used in connection with it.</def>



<cs><col>The fors and against</col>. <cd>those in favor and those

opposed; the pros and the cons; the advantages and the

disadvantages.</cd></cs>



<au>Jane Austen.</au>



<hw>For"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fourage</ets>, F. <ets>fourrage</ets>, fr. <ets>forre</ets>,

<ets>fuerre</ets>, fodder, straw, F. <ets>feurre</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>foderum</ets>, <ets>fodrum</ets>, of German or Scand,

origin; cf. OHG. <ets>fuotar</ets>, G. <ets>futter</ets>. See

<er>Fodder</er> food, and cf. <er>Foray</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of foraging; search for provisions, etc.</def>



<q>He [the lion] from <qex>forage</qex> will incline to play.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>One way a band select from <qex>forage</qex> drives

A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Mawhood completed his <qex>forage</qex> unmolested.</q>

<qau>Marshall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Food of any kind for animals, especially for

horses and cattle, as grass, pasture, hay, corn, oats.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>Forage cap</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cap</er>.</cd> --

<col>Forage master</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a person charged

with providing forage and the means of transporting it.</cd>

<au>Farrow.</au></cs>



<hw>For"age</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Foraged</er> ; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Foraging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To wander or

rove in search of food; to collect food, esp. forage, for horses

and cattle by feeding on or stripping the country; to ravage; to

feed on spoil.</def>



<q>His most mighty father on a hill

Stood smiling to behold his lion's whelp

<qex>Forage</qex> in blood of French nobility.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Foraging ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of

several species of ants of the genus <spn>Eciton</spn>, very

abundant in tropical America, remarkable for marching in vast

armies in search of food.</cd> -- <col>Foraging cap</col>, <cd>a

forage cap.</cd> -- <col>Foraging party</col>, <cd>a party sent

out after forage.</cd></cs>



<hw>For"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strip of

provisions; to supply with forage; <as>as, to <ex>forage</ex>

steeds</as>.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>For"a*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

forages.</def>



<hw>For"a*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>forare</ets> to bore + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A tubelike marking, occuring in sandstone

and other strata.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fo*ra"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Foramina</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Foramines</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>forare</ets> to bore,

pierce.]</ety> <def>A small opening, perforation, or orifice; a

fenestra.</def>



<cs><col>Foramen of Monro</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the

opening from each lateral into the third ventricle of the

brain.</cd> -- <col>Foramen of Winslow</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,

<cd>the opening connecting the sac of the omentum with the

general cavity of the peritoneum.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fo*ram"i*na`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>foraminatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having small opening, or

foramina.</def>



<hw>For`a*min"i*fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the foraminifera.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fo*ram`i*nif"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>foramen</ets>, <ets>-aminis</ets>, a

foramen + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An extensive order of rhizopods which generally have a

chambered calcareous shell formed by several united zooids. Many

of them have perforated walls, whence the name. Some species are

covered with sand. See <er>Rhizophoda</er>.</def>



<hw>Fo*ram`i*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having small openings, or foramina.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, Foraminifera;

<as>as, <ex>foraminiferous</ex> mud</as>.</def>



<hw>Fo*ram"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>foraminosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having foramina; full of

holes; porous.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>For`as*much"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>comj.</pos> <def>In

consideration that; seeing that; since; because that; -- followed

by <xex>as</xex>. <xex>See under</xex> <er>For</er>,

<xex>prep</xex>.</def>



<hw>For"ay</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Another

form of <ets>forahe</ets>. Cf. <er>Forray</er>.]</ety> <def>A

sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any

irregular incursion for war or spoils; a raid.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>The huge Earl Doorm, . . . 

Bound on a <qex>foray</qex>, rolling eyes of prey.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>For"ay</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pillage; to

ravage.</def>



<q>He might <qex>foray</qex> our lands.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>For"ay*er</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who makes or joins in a foray.</def>



<q>They might not choose the lowand road,

For the Merse <qex>forayers</qex> were abroad.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>For*bade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Forbid</er>.</def>



<hw>For*bathe"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bathe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>For*bear"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fore</er>, and <er>Bear</er> to produce.]</ety> <def>An

ancestor; a forefather; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark> \'bdYour <xex>forbears</xex> of old.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>For*bear"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Forbore</er> <pr>(?)</pr>

(<er>Forbare</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <mark>[Obs.]</mark>); <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Forborne</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Forbearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forberen</ets>, AS. <ets>forberan</ets>; pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>beran</ets> to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to

support.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To refrain from proceeding; to

pause; to delay.</def>



<q>Shall I go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I

<qex>forbear</qex>?</q>

<qau>1 Kinds xxii. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To refuse; to decline; to give no heed.</def>



<q>Thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear,

or whether they will <qex>forbear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ezek. ii. 7.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To control one's self when provoked.</def>



<q>The kindest and the happiest pair

Will find occasion to <qex>forbear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>Both bear and <qex>forbear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>



<hw>For*bear"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep

away from; to avoid; to abstain from; to give up; <as>as, to

<ex>forbear</ex> the use of a word of doubdtful

propriety</as>.</def>



<q>But let me that plunder <qex>forbear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shenstone.</qau>



<q>The King

In open battle or the tilting field

<qex>Forbore</qex> his own advantage.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat with consideration or indulgence.</def>



<q><qex>Forbearing</qex> one another in love.</q>

<qau>Eph. iv. 2.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cease from bearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Whenas my womb her burden would <qex>forbear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>For*bear"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of forbearing or waiting; the exercise of patience.</def>



<q>He soon shall find<qex>Forbearance</qex> no acquittance ere

day end.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of being forbearing; indulgence

toward offenders or enemies; long-suffering.</def>



<q>Have a continent <qex>forbearance</qex>, till the speed of his

rage goe<?/ slower.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Abstinence; refraining; lenity; mildness.</syn>



<hw>For*bear"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Forbearing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>For*bear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

forbears.</def>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>For*bear"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed or accustomed

to forbear; patient; long-suffering.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>For*bear"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<-- p. 582 -->



<hw>For*bid"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos>

<er>Forbade</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Forbidden</er> <pr>(?)</pr> (<er>Forbid</er>,

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Forbidding</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forbeden</ets>, AS. <ets>forbe\'a2dan</ets>; pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>be\'a2dan</ets> to bid; akin to D.

<ets>verbieden</ets>, G. <ets>verbieten</ets>, Icel.,

<ets>fyrirbj<omac/<edh/a</ets>, <ets>forbo<edh/a</ets>, Sw.

<ets>f\'94rbjuda</ets>, Dan. <ets>forbyde</ets>. See

<er>Bid</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To command

against, or contrary to; to prohibit; to interdict.</def>



<q>More than I have said . . . 

The leisure and enforcement of the time

<qex>Forbids</qex> to dwell upon.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express

command; to command not to enter.</def>



<q>Have I not forbid her my house?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an

effectual command; <as>as, an impassable river <ex>forbids</ex>

the approach of the army</as>.</def>



<q>A blaze of glory that <qex>forbids</qex> the sight.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To accurse; to blast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He shall live a man <qex>forbid</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To defy; to challenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>L. Andrews.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To prohibit; interdict; hinder; preclude; withold;

restrain; prevent. See <er>Prohibit</er>.</syn>



<hw>For*bid"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To utter a

prohibition; to prevent; to hinder.</def> \'bdI did not or

<xex>forbid</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>For*bid"dance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of forbidding; prohibition; command or edict against a

thing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>ow hast thou yield to transgress

The strict <qex>forbiddance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>For*bid"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Prohibited;

interdicted.</def>



<q>I kniw no spells, use no <qex>forbidden</qex> arts.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Forbidden fruit</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any coveted

unlawful pleasure, -- so called with reference to the forbidden

fruit of the Garden of Eden.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<cd>A small variety of shaddock (<spn>Citrus decumana</spn>). The

name is given in different places to several varieties of Citrus

fruits.</cd></cs>



<hw>For*bid"den*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a forbidden or

unlawful manner.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>For*bid"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

forbids.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>For*bid"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Repelling

approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence, aversion, or dislike;

disagreeable; prohibiting or interdicting; <as>as, a

<ex>forbidding</ex> aspect; a <ex>forbidding</ex> formality; a

<ex>forbidding</ex> air.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Disagreeable; unpleasant; displeasing; offensive;

repulsive; odious; abhorrent.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>For*bid"ding*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>For*bid"ding*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>For*black"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Very

black.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>As any raven's feathers it shone <qex>forblack</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>For*bo"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.

p.</pos> of <er>Forbid</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*bore"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Forbear</er>.</def>



<hw>For*borne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Forbear</er>.</def>



<hw>For*bruise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

bruise sorely or exceedingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All <qex>forbrosed</qex>, both back and side.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>For*by"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. & prep.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Foreby</er>.]</ety> <def>Near; hard by; along; past.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To tell her if her child went ought <qex>forby</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>To the intent that ships may pass along <qex>forby</qex> all

the sides of the city without let.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<hw>For*carve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut

completely; to cut off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Force</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Farce</er> to stuff.]</ety> <def>To stuff; to lard; to

farce.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Wit larded with malice, and malice <qex>forced</qex> with

wit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Force</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.

<ets>fors</ets>, <ets>foss</ets>, Dan. <ets>fos</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A waterfall; a cascade.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<q>To see the falls for <qex>force</qex> of the river Kent.</q>

<qau>T. Gray.</qau>



<hw>Force</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>force</ets>, LL.

<ets>forcia</ets>, <ets>fortia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fortis</ets>

strong. See <er>Fort</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigor;

might; often, an unusual degree of strength or energy; capacity

of exercising an influence or producing an effect; especially,

power to persuade, or convince, or impose obligation; pertinency;

validity; special signification; <as>as, the <ex>force</ex> of an

appeal, an argument, a contract, or a term</as>.</def>



<q>He was, in the full <qex>force</qex> of the words, a good

man.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Power exerted against will or consent;

compulsory power; violence; coercion.</def>



<q>Which now they hold by <qex>force</qex>, and not by right.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Strength or power war; hence, a body of land or

naval combatants, with their appurtenances, ready for action; --

an armament; troops; warlike array; -- often in the plural;

hence, a body of men prepared for action in other ways; <as>as,

the laboring <ex>force</ex> of a plantation</as>.</def>



<q>Is Lucius general of the <qex>forces</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Strength or power

exercised without law, or contrary to law, upon persons or

things; violence.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Validity;

efficacy.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Any action between two

bodies which changes, or tends to change, their relative

condition as to rest or motion; or, more generally, which

changes, or tends to change, any physical relation between them,

whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, or

of any other kind; <as>as, the <ex>force</ex> of gravity;

cohesive <ex>force</ex>; centrifugal <ex>force</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>Animal force</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>muscular

force or energy.</cd> -- <col>Catabiotic force</col> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ down (intens.) + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the

influence exerted by living structures on adjoining cells, by

which the latter are developed in harmony with the primary

structures.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Centrifugal force</col>,

<col>Centripetal force</col>, <col>Coercive force</col>,

etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Centrifugal</er>,

<er>Centripetal</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Composition of

forces</col>, <col>Correlation of forces</col>, etc.</mcol>

<cd>See under <er>Composition</er>, <er>Correlation</er>,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Force and arms</col> <ety>[trans. of L. <ets>vi

et armis<ets>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an expression in old

indictments, signifying <xex>violence<xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In

force</col>, <or/ <col>Of force</col></mcol>, <cd>of unimpaired

efficacy; valid; of full virtue; not suspended or reversed.</cd>

\'bdA testament is <xex>of force<xex> after men are dead.\'b8

<au>Heb. ix. 17.</au> -- <col>Metabolic force</col>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the influence which causes and

controls the metabolism of the body.</cd> -- <col>No force</col>,

<cd>no matter of urgency or consequence; no account; hence,

<xex>to do no force<xex>, to make no account of; not to heed.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Chaucer.</au> -- <col>Of

force</col>, <cd>of necessity; unavoidably; imperatively.

\'bdGood reasons must, <xex>of force<xex>, give place to

better.\'b8</cd> <au>Shak.</au> -- <col>Plastic force</col>

(<fld>Physiol</fld>.), <cd>the force which presumably acts in the

growth and repair of the tissues.</cd> -- <col>Vital force</col>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>that force or power which is inherent

in organization; that form of energy which is the cause of the

vital phenomena of the body, as distinguished from the

<xex>physical forces<xex> generally known.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Strength; vigor; might; energy; stress; vehemence;

violence; compulsion; coaction; constraint; coercion.</syn>  --

<usage><er>Force</er>, <er>Strength</er>. <xex>Strength</xex>

looks rather to power as an <xex>inward</xex> capability or

energy. Thus we speak of the <xex>strength</xex> of timber,

bodily <xex>strength</xex>, mental <xex>strength</xex>,

<xex>strength</xex> of emotion, etc. <xex>Force</xex>, on the

other hand, looks more to the <xex>outward</xex>; as, the

<xex>force</xex> of gravitation, <xex>force</xex> of

circumstances, <xex>force</xex> of habit, etc. We do, indeed,

speak of <xex>strength</xex> of will and <xex>force</xex> of

will; but even here the former may lean toward the internal

tenacity of purpose, and the latter toward the outward expression

of it in action. But, though the two words do in a few cases

touch thus closely on each other, there is, on the whole, a

marked distinction in our use of <xex>force</xex> and

<xex>strength</xex>. \'bd<xex>Force</xex> is the name given, in

mechanical science, to whatever produces, or can produce,

motion.\'b8</usage>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<q>Thy tears are of no <qex>force</qex> to mollify

This flinty man.</q>

<qau>Heywood.</qau>



<q>More huge in <qex>strength</qex> than wise in works he

was.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Adam and first matron Eve

Had ended now their orisons, and found

<qex>Strength</qex> added from above, new hope to spring

Out of despair.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Force</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Forced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Forcing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>forcier</ets>, F.

<ets>forcer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>forciare</ets>,

<ets>fortiare</ets>. See <er>Force</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To constrain to do or to forbear, by the

exertion of a power not resistible; to compel by physical, moral,

or intellectual means; to coerce; <as>as, masters <ex>force</ex>

slaves to labor</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To compel, as by strength of evidence; <as>as,

to <ex>force</ex> conviction on the mind</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To do violence to; to overpower, or to compel by

violence to one;s will; especially, to ravish; to violate; to

commit rape upon.</def>



<q>To <qex>force</qex> their monarch and insult the court.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>I should have <qex>forced</qex> thee soon wish other arms.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>To <qex>force</qex> a spotless virgin's chastity.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To obtain or win by strength; to take by

violence or struggle; specifically, to capture by assault; to

storm, as a fortress.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by

main strength or violence; -- with a following adverb, as

<xex>along, <xex>away</xex>, <xex>from</xex>, <xex>into</xex>,

<xex>through</xex>, <xex>out</xex>, etc.</def>



<q>It stuck so fast, so deeply buried lay

That scarce the victor <qex>forced</qex> the steel away.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>To <qex>force</qex> the tyrant from his seat by war.</q>

<qau>Sahk.</qau>



<q>Ethelbert ordered that none should be <qex>forced</qex> into

religion.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To put in force; to cause to be executed; to

make binding; to enforce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What can the church <qex>force</qex> more?</q>

<qau>J. Webster.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To exert to the utmost; to urge; hence, to

strain; to urge to excessive, unnatural, or untimely action; to

produce by unnatural effort; <as>as, to <ex>force</ex> a consient

or metaphor; to <ex>force</ex> a laugh; to <ex>force</ex>

fruits.</as></def>



<q>High on a mounting wave my head I bore,

<qex>Forcing</qex> my strength, and gathering to the shore.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Whist)</fld> <def>To compel (an adversary or

partner) to trump a trick by leading a suit of which he has

none.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To provide with forces; to re\'89nforce; to

strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To allow the force of; to value; to care

for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For me, I <qex>force</qex> not argument a straw.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To compel; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce;

drive; press; impel.</syn>



<hw>Force</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <mark>[Obs. in all the

senses.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use violence; to make violent

effort; to strive; to endeavor.</def>



<q><qex>Forcing</qex> with gifts to win his wanton heart.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a difficult matter of anything; to

labor; to hesitate; hence, <xex>to force of</xex>, to make much

account of; to regard.</def>



<q>Your oath once broke, you <qex>force</qex> not to

forswear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I <qex>force</qex> not of such fooleries.</q>

<qau>Camden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be of force, importance, or weight; to

matter.</def>



<q>It is not sufficient to have attained the name and dignity of

a shepherd, not <qex>forcing</qex> how.</q>

<qau>Udall.</qau>



<hw>Forced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Done or produced

with force or great labor, or by extraordinary exertion; hurried;

strained; produced by unnatural effort or pressure; <as>as, a

<ex>forced</ex> style; a <ex>forced</ex> laugh.</as></def>



<cs><col>Forced draught</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Draught</er>.</cd> -- <col>Forced march</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a march of one or more days made with all

possible speed.</cd></cs>



-- <wordforms><wf>For"ced*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

-- <wf>For"ced*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Force"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of or

processing force; exerting force; mighty.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Force"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Against the steed he threw

His <qex>forceful</qex> spear.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Force"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having little or no

force; feeble.</def>



<q>These <qex>forceless</qex> flowers like sturdy trees support

me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Force"meat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupt.

for <ets>farce-meat</ets>, fr. F. <ets>farce</ets> stuffing. See

<er>Farce</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>

<def>Meat chopped fine and highly seasoned, either served up

alone, or used as a stuffing.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>forced meat</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Force"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

forcing; compulsion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It was imposed upon us by constraint;

And will you count such <qex>forcement</qex> treachery?</q>

<qau>J. Webster.</qau>



<hw>For"ceps</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>forceps</ets>, <ets>-cipis</ets>, from the root of

<ets>formus</ets> Hot + <ets>capere</ets> to take; akin to E.

<ets>heave</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Furnace</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A pair of pinchers, or tongs; an instrument for

grasping, holding firmly, or exerting traction upon, bodies which

it would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize with the

fingers, especially one for delicate operations, as those of

watchmakers, surgeons, accoucheurs, dentists, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The caudal forceps-shaped

appendage of earwigs and some other insects. See

<er>Earwig</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Dressing forceps</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Dressing</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Force" pump`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pump having a solid piston, or plunger, for

drawing and forcing a liquid, as water, through the valves; in

distinction from a pump having a bucket, or valved piston.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pump adapted for delivering water at a

considerable height above the pump, or under a considerable

pressure; in distinction from one which lifts the water only to

the top of the pump or delivers it through a spout. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <xex>Plunger pump</xex>, under

<er>Plunger</er>.</def>



<hw>For"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, forces or drives.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The solid piston

of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a

pump.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small hand pump for sinking pits,

draining cellars, etc.</def>



<hw>For"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>forcible</ets> forcible, <ets>forceable</ets> that may be

forced.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing force; characterized

by force, efficiency, or energy; powerful; efficacious;

impressive; influential.</def>



<q>How <qex>forcible</qex> are right words!</q>

<qau>Job. vi. 2<?/.</qau>



<q>Sweet smells are most <qex>forcible</qex> in dry substances,

when broken.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>But I have reasons strong and <qex>forcible</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>That punishment which hath been sometimes <qex>forcible</qex>

to bridle sin.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>He is at once elegant and sublime, <qex>forcible</qex> and

ornamented.</q>

<qau>Lowth (Transl. )</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Violent; impetuous.</def>



<q>Like mingled streams, more <qex>forcible</qex> when

joined.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Using force against opposition or resistance;

obtained by compulsion; effected by force; <as>as,

<ex>forcible</ex> entry or abduction</as>.</def>



<q>In embraces of King James . . . <qex>forcible</qex> and

unjust.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<cs><col>Forcible entry and detainer</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>the entering upon and taking and withholding of land and

tenements by actual force and violence, and with a strong hand,

to the hindrance of the person having the right to

enter.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Violent; powerful; strong; energetic; mighty;

potent; weighty; impressive; cogent; influential.</syn>



<hw>For"ci*ble-fee`ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From <ets>Feeble</ets>, a character in the Second Part of

Shakespeare's \'bdKing Henry IV.,\'b8 to whom Falstaff derisively

applies the epithet \'bd<ets>forcible</ets>.\'b8]</ety>

<def>Seemingly vigorous, but really weak or insipid.</def>



<q>He [Prof. Ayton] would purge his book of much offensive

matter, if he struck out epithets which are in the bad taste of

the <qex>forcible-feeble</qex> school.</q>

<qau>N. Brit. Review.</qau>



<hw>For"ci*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

forcible.</def>



<hw>For"ci*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a forcible

manner.</def>



<hw>For"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The accomplishing of any purpose violently, precipitately,

prematurely, or with unusual expedition.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>The art of raising

plants, flowers, and fruits at an earlier season than the natural

one, as in a hitbed or by the use of artificial heat.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Forcing</col> <col>bed <or/ pit</col></mcol>,

<cd>a plant bed having an under layer of fermenting manure, the

fermentation yielding bottom heat for forcing plants; a

hotbed.</cd> -- <col>Forcing engine</col>, <cd>a fire

engine.</cd> -- <col>Forcing fit</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a

tight fit, as of one part into a hole in another part, which

makes it necessary to use considerable force in putting the two

parts together.</cd> -- <col>Forcing house</col>, <cd>a

greenhouse for the forcing of plants, fruit trees, etc.</cd> --

<col>Forcing machine</col>, <cd>a powerful press for putting

together or separating two parts that are fitted tightly one into

another, as for forcing a crank on a shaft, or for drawing off a

car wheel from the axle.</cd> -- <col>Forcing pump</col>. <cd>See

<er>Force pump</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>



<hw>For"ci*pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Forked or

branched like a pair of forceps; constructed so as to open and

shut like a pair of forceps.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>For"ci*pate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>For"ci*pa`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a pair of forceps;

<as>as, a <ex>forcipated</ex> mouth</as>.</def>



<hw>For`ci*pa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Torture

by pinching with forceps or pinchers.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>For*cut"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut

completely; to cut off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ford</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ford</ets>; akin to G. <ets>furt</ets>, Icel.

<ets>f<?/\'94r<?/r</ets> bay, and to E. <ets>fare</ets>. <?/ 78.

See <er>Fare</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Frith</er> arm

of the sea.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place in a river, or other

water, where it may passed by man or beast on foot, by

wading.</def>



<q>He swam the Esk river where <qex>ford</qex> there was

none.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stream; a current.</def>



<q>With water of the <qex>ford</qex>

Or of the clouds.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Permit my ghost to pass the Styg<?/an <qex>ford</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Ford</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Forded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fording</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pass or cross, as a river

or other water, by wading; to wade through.</def>



<q>His last section, which is no deep one, remains only to be

<qex>forted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ford"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being forded.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ford"a*ble*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ford"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a ford.</def>



<q>A deep and <qex>fordless</qex> river.</q>

<qau>Mallock.</qau>



<hw>For*do"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fordon</ets>, AS. <ets>ford<?/n</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets>

+ <ets>d<?/n</ets> to do. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Do</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To destroy; to undo; to

ruin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This is the night

That either makes me or <qex>fordoes</qex> me quite.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To overcome with fatigue; to exhaust.</def>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<q>All with weary task <qex>fordone</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>For*done"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fordo</er>.]</ety> <def>Undone; ruined.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For*drive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To drive

about; to drive here and there.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>For*drunk"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Utterly

drunk; very drunk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*dry"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Entirely dry;

withered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA tree

<xex>fordry</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*dwine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

dwindle away; to disappear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rom of R.</au>



<hw>Fore</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/r</ets>, fr.

<ets>faran</ets> to go. See <er>Fare</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Journey; way; method of proceeding.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdFollow him and his <xex>fore</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<-- p. 583 -->



<hw>Fore</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>fore</ets>, adv. &

prep., another form of <ets>for</ets>. See <er>For</er>, and cf.

<er>Former</er>, <er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In

the part that precedes or goes first; -- opposed to

<xex>aft</xex>, <xex>after</xex>, <xex>back</xex>,

<xex>behind</xex>, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formerly; previously; afore.</def> <mark>[Obs.

or Colloq.]</mark>



<q>The eyes, <qex>fore</qex> duteous, now converted are.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In or towards the bows of a

ship.</def>



<cs><col>Fore and aft</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>from stem to

stern; lengthwise of the vessel; -- in distinction from

<xex>athwart<xex>.</cd> <au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au> --

<col>Fore-and-aft rigged</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>not rigged

with square sails attached to yards, but with sails bent to gaffs

or set on stays in the midship line of the vessel. See

<er>Schooner</er>, <er>Sloop</er>, <er>Cutter</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fore</er>, <ets>advv</ets>.]</ety> <def>Advanced, as compared

with something else; toward the front; being or coming first, in

time, place, order, or importance; preceding; anterior;

antecedent; earlier; forward; -- opposed to <ant>back</ant> or

<ant>behind</ant>; <as>as, the <ex>fore</ex> part of a garment;

the <ex>fore</ex> part of the day; the <ex>fore</ex> and of a

wagon.</as></def>



<q>The free will of the subject is preserved, while it is

directed by the <qex>fore</qex> purpose of the state.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fore</xex> is much used adjectively or in

composition.</note>



<cs><col>Fore bay</col>, <cd>a reservoir or canal between a mill

race and a water wheel; the discharging end of a pond or mill

race.</cd> -- <col>Fore body</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>,

<cd>the part of a ship forward of the largest cross-section,

distinguisched from <xex>middle body<xex> abd <xex>after

body<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Fore boot</col>, <cd>a receptacle in the

front of a vehicle, for stowing baggage, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fore

bow</col>, <cd>the pommel of a saddle.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> --

<col>Fore cabin</col>, <cd>a cabin in the fore part of a ship,

usually with inferior accommodations.</cd> -- <col>Fore

carriage</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The forward part of the running

gear of a four-wheeled vehicle.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small

carriage at the front end of a plow beam.</cd> -- <col>Fore

course</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the lowermost sail on the

foremost of a square-rigged vessel; the foresail. See

<xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Sail</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fore

door</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Front door</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fore

edge</col>, <cd>the front edge of a book or folded sheet,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Fore elder</col>, <cd>an ancestor.</cd>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Fore end</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>The end which precedes; the earlier, or the nearer, part; the

beginning.</cd>



<q>I have . . . paid

More pious debts to heaven, than in all

The <qex>fore end</qex> of my time.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In firearms, the wooden stock under the barrel,

forward of the trigger guard, or breech frame.</cd> -- <col>Fore

girth</col>, <cd>a girth for the fore part (of a horse, etc.); a

martingale.</cd> -- <col>Fore hammer</col>, <cd>a sledge hammer,

working alternately, or in time, with the hand hammer.</cd> --

<col>Fore leg</col>, <cd>one of the front legs of a quadruped, or

multiped, or of a chair, settee, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fore

peak</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the angle within a ship's

bows; the portion of the hold which is farthest forward.</cd> --

<col>Fore piece</col>, <cd>a front piece, as the flap in the fore

part of a sidesaddle, to guard the rider's dress.</cd> --

<col>Fore plane</col>, <cd>a carpenter's plane, in size and use

between a jack plane and a smoothing plane.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> 

-- <col>Fore reading</col>, <cd>previous perusal.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Hales.</au>  -- <col>Fore

rent</col>, <cd>in Scotland, rent payable before a crop is

gathered.</cd> -- <col>Fore sheets</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>the forward portion of a rowboat; the space beyond the front

thwart. See <er>Stern sheets</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fore shore</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bank in advance of a sea wall, to break the

force of the surf.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The seaward projecting,

slightly inclined portion of a breakwater.</cd> <au>Knight.</au>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The part of the shore between high and low water

marks.</cd> -- <col>Fore sight</col>, <cd>that one of the two

sights of a gun which is near the muzzle.</cd> -- <col>Fore

tackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the tackle on the foremast

of a ship.</cd> -- <col>Fore topmast</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Fore-topmast</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<col>Fore wind</col>, <cd>a favorable wind.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Sailed on smooth seas, by <qex>fore winds</qex> borne.</q>

<qau>Sandys.</qau>



 -- <col>Fore world</col>, <cd>the antediluvian world.

<mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Southey.</au></cd></cs>



<hw>Fore</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The front; hence, that which is

in front; the future.</def>



<cs><col>At the fore</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>at the fore

royal masthead; -- said of a flag, so raised as a signal for

sailing, etc.</cd> -- <col>To the fore</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In

advance; to the front; to a prominent position; in plain sight;

in readiness for use.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In existence; alive;

not worn out, lost, or spent, as money, etc.

<mark>[Irish]</mark></cd> \'bdWhile I am <xex>to the

fore<xex>.\'b8 <au>W. Collins.</au> \'bdHow many captains in the

regiment had two thousand pounds <xex>to the fore</xex>?\'b8

<au>Thackeray.</au></cs>



<hw>Fore</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Before; -- sometimes written

<xex>'fore</xex> as if a contraction of <xex>afore</xex> or

<xex>before</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore`ad*mon"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

admonish beforehand, or before the act or event.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Fore`ad*vise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

advise or counsel before the time of action, or before the

event.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fore`al*lege"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Forealleged</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Forealleging</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To allege or cite before.</def>



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<hw>Fore`ap*point"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

set, order, or appoint, beforehand.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Fore`ap*point"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Previous appointment; preordinantion.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Fore*arm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To arm or

prepare for attack or resistance before the time of need.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Fore"arm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>That part of the arm or fore limb between the elbow and

wrist; the antibrachium.</def>



<hw>Fore"beam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The breast

beam of a loom.</def>



<hw>Fore*bear"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An ancestor.

See <er>Forbear</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore*bode"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Foreboded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Foreboding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forebodian</ets>; <ets>fore + bodian</ets> to announce. See

<er>Bode</er> <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

foretell.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be prescient of (some ill or misfortune); to

have an inward conviction of, as of a calamity which is about to

happen; to augur despondingly.</def>



<q>His heart <qex>forebodes</qex> a mystery.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>Sullen, desponding, and <qex>foreboding</qex> nothing but wars

and desolation, as the certain consequence of C\'91sar's

death.</q>

<qau>Middleton.</qau>



<q>I have a sort of <qex>foreboding</qex> about him.</q>

<qau>H. James.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To foretell; predict; prognosticate; augur; presage;

portend; betoken.</syn>



<hw>Fore*bode"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fortell; to

presage; to augur.</def>



<q>If I <qex>forebode</qex> aright.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Fore*bode"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Prognostication;

presage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*bode"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of foreboding; the thing foreboded.</def>



<hw>Fore*bod"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

forebodes.</def>



<hw>Fore*bod"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Presage of coming ill;

expectation of misfortune.</def>



<hw>Fore*bod"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a foreboding

manner.</def>



<hw>Fore"brace`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope applied to the fore yardarm, to

change the position of the foresail.</def>



<hw>Fore"brain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior of the three principal

divisions of the brain, including the prosencephalon and

thalamencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the prosencephalon

only. See <er>Brain</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore*by"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fore</ets> + <ets>by</ets>.]</ety> <def>Near; hard by;

along; past. See <er>Forby</er>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fore*cast"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To plan beforehand; to scheme; to project.</def>



<q>He shall <qex>forecast</qex> his devices against the

strongholds.</q>

<qau>Dan. xi. 24.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To foresee; to calculate beforehand, so as to

provide for.</def>



<q>It is wisdom to consider the end of things before we embark,

and to <qex>forecast</qex> consequences.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<hw>Fore*cast"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To contrive or plan

beforehand.</def>



<q>If it happen as I did <qex>forecast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fore"cast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Previous

contrivance or determination; predetermination.</def>



<q>He makes this difference to arise from the <qex>forecast</qex>

and predetermination of the gods themselves.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Foresight of consequences, and provision against

them; prevision; premeditation.</def>



<q>His calm, deliberate <qex>forecast</qex> better fitted him for

the council than the camp.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Fore*cast"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

forecast.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fore"cas`tle</hw> <pr>(?; <xex>sailors say</xex> <?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A short upper

deck forward, formerly raised like a castle, to command an

enemy's decks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of the upper

deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or of the after part of

the fore channels.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In merchant vessels,

the forward part of the vessel, under the deck, where the sailors

live.</def>



<hw>Fore`cho"sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Chosen

beforehand.</def>



<hw>Fore"cit`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cited or

quoted before or above.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Fore*close"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Foreclosed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Foreclosing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>forclos</ets>, p.p. of

<ets>forclore</ets> to exclude; OF. <ets>fors</ets>, F.

<ets>hors</ets>, except, outside (fr. L. <ets>foris</ets>

outside) + F. <ets>clore</ets> to close. See <er>Foreign</er>,

and <er>Close</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To shut up or

out; to preclude; to stop; to prevent; to bar; to exclude.</def>



<q>The embargo with Spain <qex>foreclosed</qex> this trade.</q>

<qau>Carew.</qau>



<cs><col>To foreclose a mortgager</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to

cut him off by a judgment of court from the power of redeeming

the mortgaged premises, termed his <xex>equity of

redemption<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To foreclose a mortgage</col>,

<cd>(not technically correct, but often used to signify) the

obtaining a judgment for the payment of an overdue mortgage, and

the exposure of the mortgaged property to sale to meet the

mortgage debt.</cd></cs>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Fore*clo"sure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act or process of foreclosing; a proceeding which bars or

extinguishes a mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged

estate.</def>



<hw>Fore`con*ceive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

preconceive; to imagine beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fore*date"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To date

before the true time; to antendate.</def>



<hw>Fore"deck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The fore part of a deck, or of a

ship.</def>



<hw>Fore*deem"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

recognize or judge in advance; to forebode.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Udall.</au>



<q>Laugh at your misery, as <qex>foredeeming</qex> you

An idle meteor.</q>

<qau>J. Webster.</qau>



<hw>Fore*deem"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Foredoom</er>.]</ety> <def>To know or discover beforehand; to

foretell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Which [maid] could guess and <qex>foredeem</qex> of things

past, present, and to come.</q>

<qau>Genevan Test.</qau>



<hw>Fore`de*sign"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To plan beforehand; to intend previously.</def>



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<hw>Fore`de*ter"mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

determine or decree beforehand.</def>



<au>Bp. Hopkins.</au>



<hw>Fore`dis*pose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

bestow beforehand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>King James had by promise <qex>foredisposed</qex> the place on

the Bishop of Meath.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Fore*doom"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Foredeem</er>.]</ety> <def>To doom beforehand; to

predestinate.</def>



<q>Thou art <qex>foredomed</qex> to view the Stygian state.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fore"doom`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Doom or

sentence decreed in advance.</def> \'bdA dread

<xex>foredoom</xex> ringing in the ears of the guilty adult.\'b8



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Fore"fa`ther</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who precedes another in the line of genealogy in any degree, but

usually in a remote degree; an ancestor.</def>



<q>Respecting your <qex>forefathers</qex>, you would have been

taught to respect yourselves.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<cs><col>Forefathers' Day</col>, <cd>the anniversary of the day

(December 21) on which the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth,

Massachusetts (1620). On account of a mistake in reckoning the

change from Old Style to New Style, it has generally been

celebrated on the 22d.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fore*feel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To feel

beforehand; to have a presentiment of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>As when, with unwieldy waves, the great sea

<qex>forefeels</qex> winds.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Fore`fence"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Defense in

front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*fend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forfenden</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>fenden</ets>

to fend. See <er>Fend</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To

hinder; to fend off; to avert; to prevent the approach of; to

forbid or prohibit. See <er>Forfend</er>.</def>



<q>God <qex>forefend</qex> it should ever be recorded in our

history.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<q>It would be a far better work . . . to <qex>forefend</qex> the

cruelty.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Fore"fin`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The finger

next to the thumb; the index.</def>



<hw>Fore*flow"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To flow

before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One of the anterior feet of a quardruped or multiped; --

usually written <xex>fore foot</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A piece of timber

which terminates the keel at the fore end, connecting it with the

lower end of the stem.</def>



<hw>Foree"front`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Foremost

part or place.</def>



<q>Set ye Uriah in the <qex>forefront</qex> of the hottest

battle.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xi. 15.</qau>



<q>Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, standing in the

<qex>forefront</qex> for all time, the masters of those who

know.</q>

<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>



<hw>Fore"game`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A first

game; first plan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Whitlock.</au>



<hw>Fore"gang`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prop., a

goer before cf. G. <ets>voreg\'84nger</ets>. See <er>Fore</er>,

and <er>Gang</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A short rope

grafted on a harpoon, to which a longer lin<?/ may be

attached.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Fore*gath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Forgather</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore"gift`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>A premium paid by <?/ lessee when taking his lease.</def>



<hw>Fore"gleam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

antecedent or premonitory gleam; a dawning light.</def>



<q>The <qex>foregleams</qex> of wisdom.</q>

<qau>Whittier.</qau>



<hw>Fore*go"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Forewent 2</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Foregone</er> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Foregoing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Forgo</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To quit; to relinquish; to leave.</def>



<q>Stay at the third cup, or <qex>forego</qex> the place.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To relinquish the enjoyment or advantage of; to

give up; to resign; to renounce; -- said of a thing already

enjoyed, or of one within reach, or anticipated.</def>



<q>All my patrimony,,

If need be, I am ready to <qex>forego</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Thy lovers must their promised heaven <qex>forego</qex>.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<q>[He] never <qex>forewent</qex> an opportunity of honest

profit.</q>

<qau>R. L. Stevenson.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Forgo</xex> is the better spelling

etymologically, but the word has been confused with

<er>Forego</er>, to go before.</note>



<hw>Fore*go"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>foreg\'ben</ets>; <ets>fore + g\'ben</ets> to go; akin to G.

<ets>vorgehen</ets> to go before, precede. See <er>GO</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To go before; to precede; -- used

especially in the present and past participles.</def>



<q>Pleasing remembrance of a thought <qex>foregone</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>For which the very mother's face <qex>forewent</qex>

The mother's special patience.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<cs><col>Foregone conclusion</col>, <cd>one which has preceded

argument or examination; one predetermined.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fore*go"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who goes before another; a predecessor; hence, an

ancestor' a progenitor.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A purveyor of the king; -- so called, formerly,

from <xex>going before</xex> to provide for his household.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*go"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymologically

<ets>forgoer</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who forbears to enjoy.</def>



<hw>Fore"ground`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>On a

painting, and sometimes in a bas-relief, mosaic picture, or the

like, that part of the scene represented, which is nearest to the

spectator, and therefore occupies the lowest part of the work of

art itself. Cf. <er>Distance</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6.</def>



<hw>Fore*guess"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

conjecture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore"gut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The anterior part of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to

the intestine, o<?/ to the entrance of the bile duct.</def>



<hw>Fore"hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>All that part of a horse which is before the rider.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The chief or most important part.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Superiority; advantage; start; precedence.</def>



<q>And, but for ceremony, such a wretch . . . 

Had the <qex>forehand</qex> and vantage of a king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fore"hand`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Done beforehand;

anticipative.</def>



<q>And so extenuate the <qex>forehand</qex> sin.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fore"hand`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Early;

timely; seasonable.</def> \'bd<xex>Forehanded</xex> care.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Beforehand with one's needs, or having resources

in advance of one's necessities; in easy circumstances; <as>as, a

<ex>forehanded</ex> farmer</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Formed in the forehand or fore parts.</def>



<q>A substantial, true-bred beast, bravely

<qex>forehanded</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fore"head</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The front of that part of the head which incloses the brain;

that part of the face above the eyes; the brow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The aspect or countenance; assurance.</def>



<q>To look with <qex>forehead</qex> bold and big enough

Upon the power and puissance of the king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The front or fore part of anything.</def>



<q>Flames in the <qex>forehead</qex> of the morning sky.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>So rich advantage of a promised glory

As smiles upon the <qex>forehead</qex> of this action.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fore*hear"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To

hear beforehand.</def>



<hw>Fore"hearth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The forward extension of the hearth of a

blast furnace under the tymp.</def>



<hw>Fore*hend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Forhend</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*hew"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hew or

cut in front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sackville.</au>



<hw>Fore"hold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The forward part of the hold of a

ship.</def>



<hw>Fore*hold"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ominous

foreboding; superstitious prognostication.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Fore"hook`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of timber placed across the stem,

to unite the bows and strengthen the fore part of the ship; a

breast hook.</def>



<hw>For"eign</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forein</ets>, F. <ets>forain</ets>, LL. <ets>foraneus</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>foras</ets>, <ets>foris</ets>, out of doors, abroad,

without; akin to <ets>fores</ets> doors, and E. <ets>door</ets>.

See <er>Door</er>, and cf. <er>Foreclose</er>, <er>Forfeit</er>,

<er>Forest</er>, <er>Forum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Outside;

extraneous; separated; alien; <as>as, a <ex>foreign</ex> country;

a <ex>foreign</ex> government.</as></def> \'bd<xex>Foreign</xex>

worlds.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not native or belonging to a certain country;

born in or belonging to another country, nation, sovereignty, or

locality; <as>as, a <ex>foreign</ex> language; <ex>foreign</ex>

fruits.</as></def> \'bdDomestic and <xex>foreign</xex>

writers.\'b8



<au>Atterbury.</au>



<q>Hail, <qex>foreign</qex> wonder!

Whom certain these rough shades did never breed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Remote; distant; strange; not belonging; not

connected; not pertaining or pertient; not appropriate; not

harmonious; not agreeable; not congenial; -- with <xex>to</xex>

or <xex>from</xex>; <as>as, <ex>foreign</ex> to the purpose;

<ex>foreign</ex> to one's nature.</as></def>



<q>This design is not <qex>foreign</qex> from some people's

thoughts.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Held at a distance; excluded; exiled.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Kept him a <qex>foreign</qex> man still; which so grieved him,

That he ran mad and died.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Foreign attachment</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a process

by which the property of a foreign or absent debtor is attached

for the satisfaction of a debt due from him to the plaintiff; an

attachment of the goods, effects, or credits of a debtor in the

hands of a third person; -- called in some States

<xex>trustee<xex>, in others <xex>factorizing<xex>, and in others

<xex>garnishee<xex> process. <au>Kent</au>. <au>Tomlins</au>.

<au>Cowell</au>.</cd> -- <col>Foreign bill</col>, <cd>a bill

drawn in one country, and payable in another, as distinguished

from an inland bill, which is one drawn and payable in the same

country. In this latter, as well as in several other points of

view, the different States of the United States are foreign to

each other. See <er>Exchange</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.

<au>Kent</au>. <au>Story</au>.</cd> -- <col>Foreign body</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a substance occurring in any part of the

body where it does not belong, and usually introduced from

without.</cd> -- <col>Foreign office</col>, <cd>that department

of the government of Great Britain which has charge British

interests in foreign countries.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 584 -->



<syn>Syn. -- Outlandish; alien; exotic; remote; distant;

extraneous; extrinsic.</syn>



<hw>For"eign*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

belonging to or owning allegiance to a foreign country; one not

native in the country or jurisdiction under consideration, or not

naturalized there; an alien; a stranger.</def>



<q>Joy is such a <qex>foreigner</qex>,

So mere a stranger to my thoughts.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q>Nor could the majesty of the English crown appear in a greater

luster, either to <qex>foreigners</qex> or subjects.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>For"eign*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything

peculiar to a foreign language or people; a foreign idiom or

custom.</def>



<q>It is a pity to see the technicalities of the so-called

liberal professions distigured by <qex>foreignisms</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fitzed. Hall.</qau>



<hw>For"eign*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

foreign; remoteness; want of relation or appropriateness.</def>



<q>Let not the <qex>foreignness</qex> of the subject hinder you

from endeavoring to set me right.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>A <qex>foreignness</qex> of complexion.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<hw>For"ein</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Foreign.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fore*judge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fore</ets> + <ets>judge</ets>.]</ety> <def>To judge

beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof; to

prejudge.</def>



<hw>Fore*judge"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>forjudge</ets>, fr. F. <ets>forjuger</ets>; OF.

<ets>fors</ets> outside, except + F. <ets>juger</ets> to

judge.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To expel from court

for some offense or misconduct, as an attorney or officer; to

deprive or put out of a thing by the judgment of a court.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Fore*judg"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A judgment by which one is deprived or put of a

right or thing in question.</def>



<hw>Fore*judg"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Prejudgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fore*know"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Foreknew</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Foreknown</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Foreknowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To have

previous knowledge of; to know beforehand.</def>



<q>Who would the miseries of man <qex>foreknow</qex>?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fore*know"a-ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

may be foreknown.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Fore*know"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

foreknows.</def>



<hw>Fore*know"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

foreknowledge.</def>



<q>He who . . . <qex>foreknowingly</qex> loses his life.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Fore*knowl"edge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Knowledge of a thing before it happens, or of whatever is to

happen; prescience.</def>



<q>If I foreknew,

<qex>Foreknowledge</qex> had no influence on their fault.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>For"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forel</ets>case, sheath, OF. <ets>forel</ets>,

<ets>fourel</ets>, F. <ets>fourreau</ets>, LL.

<ets>forellus</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>forre</ets>, <ets>fuerre</ets>,

sheath, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>fuotar</ets>, akin

to Goth. <ets>f\'d3dr</ets>; prob. not the same word as E.

<ets>fodder</ets> food. Cf. <er>Fur</er>, <er>Fodder</er>

food.]</ety> <def>A kind of parchment for book covers. See

<er>Forrill</er>.</def>



<hw>For"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bind with a

forel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Fore"land`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A promontory or cape; a headland; <as>as, the North and

South <ex>Foreland</ex> in Kent, England</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A piece of ground between the

wall of a place and the moat.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>That portion of the

natural shore on the outside of the embankment which receives the

stock of waves and deadens their force.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Fore*lay"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To lay down beforehand.</def>



<q>These grounds being <qex>forelaid</qex> and understood.</q>

<qau>Mede.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To waylay. See <er>Forlay</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*lead"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

leads others by his example; aguide.</def>



<hw>Fore*lend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Forlend</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>As if that life to losse they had <qex>forelent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fore*let"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Forlet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Fore*lie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lie in

front of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Which <qex>forelay</qex>

Athwart her snowy breast.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fore*lift"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lift

up in front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore"lock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The lock of hair that grows from the forepart of the

head.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A cotter or split pin, as in

a slot in a bolt, to prevent retraction; a linchpin; a pin

fastening the cap-square of a gun.</def>



<cs><col>Forelock bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt retained by a key, gib,

or cotter passing through a slot.</cd> -- <col>Forelock

hook</col> <fld>(Rope Making)</fld>, <cd>a winch or whirl by

which a bunch of three yarns is twisted into a standard.

<au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To take</col> <col>time, <or/

occasion</col>, <col>by the forelock</col></mcol>, <cd>to make

prompt use of anything; not to let slip an opportunity.</cd></cs>



<q>Time is painted with a lock before and bald behind, signifying

thereby that we must <qex>take time by the forelock</qex>; for

when it is once past, there is no recalling it.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>On <qex>occasion's forelock</qex> watchful wait.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fore*look"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To look

beforehand or forward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fore"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Foremen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The first or chief

man</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chief man of a jury, who

acts as their speaker</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chief of a set

of hands employed in a shop, or on works of any kind, who

superintends the rest; an overseer.</def>



<hw>Fore"mast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The mast nearest the bow.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Foremast</col> <col>hand <or/ man</col></mcol>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a common sailor; also, a man stationed to

attend to the gear of the foremast.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fore*meant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Intended

beforehand; premeditated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fore"men`tioned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Mentioned before; already cited; aforementioned.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Fore"milk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The milk secreted just before, or

directly after, the birth of a child or of the young of an

animal; colostrum.</def>



<hw>Fore"most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>formest</ets> first, AS. <ets>formest</ets>,

<ets>fyrmest</ets>, superl. of <ets>forma</ets> first, which is a

superl. fr. <ets>fore</ets> fore; cf. Goth. <ets>frumist</ets>,

<ets>fruma</ets>, first. See <er>Fore</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., and

cf. <er>First</er>, <er>Former</er>, <er>Frame</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, <er>Prime</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>First in time

or place; most advanced; chief in rank or dignity; <as>as, the

<ex>foremost</ex> troops of an army</as>.</def>



<q>THat struck the <qex>foremost</qex> man of all this world.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fore"most`ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the foremost place

or order; among the foremost.</def>



<au>J. Webster.</au>



<hw>Fore"moth`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

ancestor.</def>



<hw>Fore"name`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name that

precedes the family name or surname; a first name.</def>



<au>Selden.</au>



<hw>Fore"name`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To name or mention

before.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fore"named`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Named

before; aforenamed.</def>



<hw>Fore*nenst"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fore</er>, and <er>Anent</er>.]</ety> <def>Over against;

opposite to.</def> <mark>[Now dialectic]</mark>



<q>The land <qex>forenenst</qex> the Greekish shore.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Fore"-night`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

evening between twilight and bedtime.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Fore"noon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The early

part of the day, from morning to meridian, or noon.</def>



<hw>Fore"no`tice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Notice or

information of an event before it happens; forewarning.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Rymer.</au>



<hw>Fo*ren"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Forensic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fo*ren"sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>forensis</ets>, fr. <ets>forum</ets> a public place, market

place. See <er>Forum</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to courts of

judicature or to public discussion and debate; used in legal

proceedings, or in public discussions; argumentative; rhetorical;

<as>as, <ex>forensic</ex> eloquence or disputes</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Forensic medicine</col>, <cd>medical jurisprudence;

medicine in its relations to law.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fo*ren"sic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Amer. Colleges)</fld>

<def>An exercise in debate; a forensic contest; an argumentative

thesis.</def>



<hw>Fo*ren"sic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Forensic.</def>



<au>Berkley.</au>



<hw>Fore`or*dain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

ordain or appoint beforehand; to preordain; to predestinate; to

predetermine.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Fore*or"di*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

foreordain.</def>



<hw>Fore*or`di*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Previous ordination or appointment; predetermination;

predestination.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fore" part`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/

<hw>Fore"part`</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The part most

advanced, or first in time or in place; the beginning.</def>



<hw>Fore"past`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bygone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fore`pos*sessed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Holding or held formerly in possession.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Preoccupied; prepossessed; pre\'89ngaged.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Not extremely <qex>forepossessed</qex> with prejudice.</q>

<qau>Bp. Sanderson.</qau>



<hw>Fore*prize"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To prize

or rate beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Fore`prom"ised</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Promised

beforehand; pre\'89ngaged.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Fore"quot`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cited

before; quoted in a foregoing part of the treatise or

essay.</def>



<hw>Fore*ran"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Forerun</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore"rank`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The first

rank; the front.</def>



<hw>Fore*reach"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To advance or gain upon; -- said of a

vessel that gains upon another when sailing closehauled.</def>



<hw>Fore*reach"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To

shoot ahead, especially when going in stays.</def>



<au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au>



<hw>Fore*read"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tell

beforehand; to signify by tokens; to predestine.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fore`re*cit"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Named or

recited before.</def> \'bdThe <xex>forerecited</xex>

practices.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fore`re*mem"bered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Called to mind previously.</def>



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Fore"right`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ready;

directly forward; going before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA

<xex>foreright</xex> wind.\'b8



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Fore"right`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Right forward;

onward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*run"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To turn before; to precede; to be in advance of (something

following).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come before as an earnest of something to

follow; to introduce as a harbinger; to announce.</def>



<q>These signs <qex>forerun</qex> the death or fall of kings.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fore*run"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of

others; a harbinger; a sign foreshowing something; a prognostic;

<as>as, the <ex>forerunner</ex> of a fever</as>.</def>



<q>Whither the <qex>forerunner</qex> in for us entered, even

Jesus.</q>

<qau>Heb. vi. 20.</qau>



<q>My elder brothers, my <qex>forerunners</qex>, came.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A predecessor; an ancestor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of rag terminating

the log line.</def>



<hw>Fore"said`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mentioned

before; aforesaid.</def>



<hw>Fore"sail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The sail bent to the

foreyard of a square-rigged vessel, being the lowest sail on the

foremast.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The gaff sail set on the

foremast of a schooner.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The fore staysail

of a sloop, being the triangular sail next forward of the

mast.</def>



<hw>Fore*say"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>foresecgan</ets>; <ets>fore + secgan</ets> to say. See

<er>Say</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To foretell.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Her danger nigh that sudden change <qex>foresaid</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Fore*see"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forese\'a2n</ets>; <ets>fore + se\'a2n</ets> to see. See

<er>See</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To see

beforehand; to have prescience of; to foreknow.</def>



<q>A prudent man <qex>foreseeth</qex> the evil.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxii. 3.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To provide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Great shoals of people, which go on to populate, without

<qex>foreseeing</qex> means of life.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Fore*see"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To have or exercise

foresight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*seen"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos><def>, or

(strictly) <xex>p. p.</xex> Provided; in case that; on condition

that.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>One manner of meat is most sure to every complexion,

<qex>foreseen</qex> that it be alway most commonly in conformity

of qualities, with the person that eateth.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Elyot.</qau>



<hw>Fore*se"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

foresees or foreknows.</def>



<hw>Fore*seize"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To seize

beforehand.</def>



<hw>Fore*shad"ow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

shadow or typi<?/y beforehand; to prefigure.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fore*shew"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Foreshow</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore"ship`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The fore

part of a ship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*short"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Fine Art)</fld> <def>To represent on a plane surface, as if

extended in a direction toward the spectator or nearly so; to

shorten by drawing in perspective.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To represent pictorially to the

imagination.</def>



<q>Songs, and deeds, and lives that lie

<qex>Foreshortened</qex> in the tract of time.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Fore*short"en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>

<def>Representation in a foreshortened mode or way.</def>



<hw>Fore"shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>In

distillation of low wines, the first portion of spirit that comes

over, being a fluid abounding in fusel oil.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Fore*show"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>foresce\'a0wian</ets> to foresee, provide; <ets>fore +

sce\'a0wian</ets> to see. See <er>Show</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To show or exhibit beforehand; to give

foreknowledge of; to prognosticate; to foretell.</def>



<q>Your looks <qex>foreshow</qex>

You have a gentle heart.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose,

Whose purple blush the day <qex>foreshows</qex>.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<hw>Fore*show"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

predicts.</def>



<hw>Fore"side</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The front side; the front; esp., a stretch of country

fronting the sea.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The outside or external covering.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fore"sight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or the power of foreseeing; prescience;

foreknowledge.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Action in reference to the future; provident

care; prudence; wise forethought.</def>



<q>This seems an unseasonable <qex>foresight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A random expense, without plan or <qex>foresight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>Any sight or reading of the

leveling staff, except the backsight; any sight or bearing taken

by a compass or theodolite in a forward direction.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>Muzzle sight. See <cref>Fore

sight</cref>, under <er>Fore</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Fore"sight`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Sagacious; prudent; provident for the future.</def>



<au>Bartram.</au>



<hw>Fore"sight`ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Foresighted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*sig"ni*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

signify beforehand; to foreshow; to typify.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fore"skin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The fold of skin which covers the glans of the penis; the

prepuce.</def>



<hw>Fore"skirt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The front

skirt of a garment, in distinction from the

<xex>train</xex>.</def>



<q>Honor's train

Is longer than his <qex>foreskirt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fore*slack"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forslack</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore"sleeve`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The sleeve

below the elbow.</def>



<hw>Fore*slow"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Forslow</er>.]</ety> <def>To make slow; to hinder; to

obstruct. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Forslow</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos></def>



<q>No stream, no wood, no mountain could <qex>foreslow</qex>

Their hasty pace.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Fore*slow"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To loiter.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Forslow</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>



<hw>Fore*speak"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forspeak</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore*speak"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To foretell; to

predict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My mother was half a witch; never anything that she

<qex>forespake</qex> but came to pass.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Fore"speak`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A prediction; also, a

preface.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Camden. Huloet.</au>



<hw>Fore"speech`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

preface.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Fore*spent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fore</ets> + <ets>spent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Already

spent; gone by; past.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fore*spent"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See

<er>Forspent</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore*spur"rer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

rides before; a harbinger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>For"est</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>forest</ets>, F. <ets>for\'88t</ets>, LL.

<ets>forestis</ets>, also, <ets>forestus</ets>,

<ets>forestum</ets>, <ets>foresta</ets>, prop., open ground

reserved for the chase, fr. L. <ets>foris</ets>,

<ets>foras</ets>, out of doors, abroad. See

<er>Foreign</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An extensive wood; a

large tract of land covered with trees; in the United States, a

wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never

been cultivated.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A large extent or precinct

of country, generally waste and woody, belonging to the

sovereign, set apart for the keeping of game for his use, not

inclosed, but distinguished by certain limits, and protected by

certain laws, courts, and officers of its own.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>For"est</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a

forest; sylvan.</def>



<cs><col>Forest fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>One of numerous species of blood-sucking flies, of the family

<spn>Tabanid\'91</spn>, which attack both men and beasts. See

<er>Horse fly</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A fly of the genus

<spn>Hippobosca</spn>, esp. <spn>H. equina</spn>. See <er>Horse

tick</er>.</cd> -- <col>Forest glade</col>, <cd>a grassy space in

a forest. <au>Thomson</au>.</cd> -- <col>Forest laws</col>,

<cd>laws for the protection of game, preservation of timber,

etc., in forests.</cd> -- <col>Forest tree</col>, <cd>a tree of

the forest, especially a timber tree, as distinguished from a

<xex>fruit tree<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>For"est</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover with trees or

wood.</def>



<hw>Fore"staff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An instrument formerly used at sea for

taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies, now superseded by the

sextant; -- called also <altname>cross-staff</altname>.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>For"est*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>forestage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A duty or tribute payable to the king's

foresters.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A service paid by foresters to

the king.</def>



<hw>For"est*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to forests; <as>as, <ex>forestal</ex>

rights</as>.</def>



<hw>Fore*stall"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Forestalled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Forestalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forstallen</ets> to stop, to obstruct; to stop (goods) on

the way to the market by buying them beforehand, from

<ets>forstal</ets> obstruction, AS. <ets>forsteal</ets>,

<ets>foresteall</ets>, prop., a placing one's self before

another. See <er>Fore</er>, and <er>Stall</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To take beforehand, or in advance; to

anticipate.</def>



<q>What need a man <qex>forestall</qex> his date of grief,

And run to meet what he would most avoid?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take possession of, in advance of some one or

something else, to the exclusion or detriment of the latter; to

get ahead of; to preoccupy; also, to exclude, hinder, or prevent,

by prior occupation, or by measures taken in advance.</def>



<-- p. 585 -->



<q>An ugly serpent which <qex>forestalled</qex> their way.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<q>But evermore those damsels did <qex>forestall</qex>

Their furious encounter.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>To be <qex>forestalled</qex> ere we come to fall.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Habit is a <qex>forestalled</qex> and obstinate judge.</q>

<qau>Rush.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deprive; -- with <xex>of</xex>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>All the better; may

This night <qex>forestall</qex> him of the coming day!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To obstruct or stop up, as

a way; to stop the passage of on highway; to intercept on the

road, as goods on the way to market.</def>



<cs><col>To forestall the market</col>, <cd>to buy or contract

for merchandise or provision on its way to market, with the

intention of selling it again at a higher price; to dissuade

persons from bringing their goods or provisions there; or to

persuade them to enhance the price when there. This was an

offense at law in England until 1844.</cd></cs>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To anticipate; monopolize; engross.</syn>



<hw>Fore*stall"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

forestalls; esp., one who forestalls the market.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Fore"stay`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large, strong rope, reaching from the

foremast head to the bowsprit, to support the mast. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Ship</er>.</def>



<hw>For"est*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>forestier</ets>, LL. <ets>forestarius</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who has charge of the growing timber on an

estate; an officer appointed to watch a forest and preserve the

game.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inhabitant of a forest.</def>



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A forest tree.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lepidopterous insect

belonging to <xex>Alypia</xex> and allied genera; <as>as, the

eight-spotted <ex>forester</ex> (<ex>A</ex></as>.

<xex>octomaculata</xex>), which in the larval state is injurious

to the grapevine.</def>



<hw>Fore"stick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Front stick

of a hearth fire.</def>



<hw>For"est*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>foresterie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of forming or of

cultivating forests; the management of growing timber.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fore"swart`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fore"swart`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See

<er>Forswat</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore"taste`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A taste

beforehand; enjoyment in advance; anticipation.</def>



<hw>Fore*taste"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To taste before full possession; to have previous enjoyment

or experience of; to anticipate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To taste before another.</def>

\'bd<xex>Foretasted</xex> fruit.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fore"tast`er</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who tastes beforehand, or before another.</def>



<hw>Fore*teach"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To teach

beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore*tell"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Foretold</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Foretelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To predict; to tell

before occurence; to prophesy; to foreshow.</def>



<q>Deeds then undone my faithful tongue <qex>foretold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Prodigies, <qex>foretelling</qex> the future eminence and

luster of his character.</q>

<qau>C. Middleton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To predict; prophesy; prognosticate; augur.</syn>



<hw>Fore*tell"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To utter

predictions.</def>



<au>Acts iii. 24.</au>



<hw>Fore*tell"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

predicts.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Fore*think"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To think beforehand; to anticipate in the mind; to

prognosticate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The soul of every man

Prophetically doth <qex>forethink</qex> thy fall.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contrive (something) beforehend.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Fore*think"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To contrive

beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fore"thought`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Thought

of, or planned, beforehand; aforethought; prepense; hence,

deliberate.</def> \'bd<xex>Forethought</xex> malice.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fore"thought`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thinking or planning

beforehand; prescience; premeditation; forecast; provident

care.</def>



<q>A sphere that will demand from him <qex>forethought</qex>,

courage, and wisdom.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Fore"thought`ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

forethought.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fore"time`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The past;

the time before the present.</def> \'bdA very dim

<xex>foretime</xex>.\'b8



<au>J. C. Shairp.</au>



<hw>Fore"to`ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>foret\'becen</ets>. See <er>Token</er>.]</ety>

<def>Prognostic; previous omen.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Fore*to"ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Foretokened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Foretokening</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>foret\'becnian</ets>;

<ets>fore + t\'becnian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To foreshow; to

presignify; to prognosticate.</def>



<q>Whilst strange prodigious signs <qex>foretoken</qex>

blood.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<hw>Fore" tooth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <plu>pl. <plw>Fore

teeth</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of

the teeth in the forepart of the mouth; an incisor.</def>



<hw>Fore"top`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The hair on the forepart of the head; esp., a tuft or lock

of hair which hangs over the forehead, as of a horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of a headdress that is in front; the

top of a periwig.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The platform at the head of

the foremast.</def>



<hw>Fore`-top*gal"lant</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Designating the mast, sail, yard, etc.,

above the topmast; <as>as, the <ex>fore-topgallant</ex>

sail</as>. See <er>Sail</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore`-top"mast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The mast erected at the head of the

foremast, and at the head of which stands the fore-topgallant

mast. See <er>Ship</er>.</def>



<hw>Fore`-top"sail</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sail</er>.</def>



<hw>For*ev"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>For</ets>, prep. + <ets>ever</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Through eternity; through endless ages, eternally.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>At all times; always.</def>



<note><hand/ In England, <xex>for</xex> and <xex>ever</xex> are

usually written and printed as two separate words; but, in the

United States, the general practice is to make but a single word

of them.</note>



<cs><col>Forever and ever</col>, <cd>an emphatic

\'bdforever.\'b8</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Constantly; continually; invariably; unchangeably;

incessantly; always; perpetually; unceasingly; ceaselessly;

interminably; everlastingly; endlessly; eternally.</syn>



<hw>Fore*vouched"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formerly

vouched or avowed; affirmed in advance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fore"ward`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The van; the

front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My <qex>foreward</qex> shall be drawn out all in length,

Consisting equally of horse and foot.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fore*warn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Forewarned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Forewarning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To warn beforehand; to

give previous warning, admonition, information, or notice to; to

caution in advance.</def>



<q>We were <qex>forewarned</qex> of your coming.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fore*waste"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Forewaste</er>.</def>



<au>Gascoigne.</au>



<hw>Fore*wend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fore</ets> + <ets>wend</ets>.]</ety> <def>To go

before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fore*wish"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To wish

beforehand.</def>



<hw>Fore"wit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

leader, or would-be leader, in matters of knowledge or

taste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Nor that the <qex>forewits</qex>, that would draw the rest

unto their liking, always like the best.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Foresight; prudence.</def>



<q>Let this <qex>forewit</qex> guide thy thought.</q>

<qau>Southwell.</qau>



<hw>Fore*wite"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>pres. indic. sing., 1st & 3d pers.</pos>

<er>Forewot</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>2d person</pos>

<er>Forewost</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>pl.</pos>

<er>Forewiten</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>imp. sing.</pos>

<er>Forewiste</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pl.</pos>

<er>Forewisten</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Forewiting</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forewitan</ets>. See <er>Wit</er> to know.]</ety> <def>To

foreknow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>forwete</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fore"wom`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Forewomen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman who is

chief; a woman who has charge of the work or workers in a shop or

other place; a head woman.</def>



<au>Tatler. W. Besant.</au>



<hw>Fore"word`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

preface.</def>



<au>Furnvall.</au>



<hw>Fore*worn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Forworn</er>.]</ety> <def>Worn out; wasted; used up.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Old <qex>foreworn</qex> stories almost forgotten.</q>

<qau>Brydges.</qau>



<hw>Fore*wot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pres. indic.</pos><def>,

<xex>1st</xex> & <xex>3d pers</xex>. <xex>sing</xex>. of

<er>Forewite</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fore"yard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lowermost yard on the foremast.

<note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Ship</er>.]</note></def>



<hw>For"fal*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Forfeiture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>For"feit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forfet</ets> crime, penalty, F. <ets>forfait</ets> crime

(LL. <ets>forefactum</ets>, <ets>forifactum</ets>), prop. p.p. of

<ets>forfaire</ets> to forfeit, transgress, fr. LL.

<ets>forifacere</ets>, prop., to act beyond; L. <ets>foris</ets>

out of doors, abroad, beyond + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See

<er>Foreign</er>, and <er>FAct</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Injury; wrong; mischief.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>



<q>To seek arms upon people and country that never did us any

<qex>forfeit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ld. Berners.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thing forfeit or forfeited; what is or may be

taken from one in requital of a misdeed committed; that which is

lost, or the right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense,

neglect of duty, or breach of contract; hence, a fine; a mulct; a

penalty; <as>as, he who murders pays the <ex>forfeit</ex> of his

life</as>.</def>



<q>Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal

Remit thy other <qex>forfeits</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something deposited and redeemable by a sportive

fine; -- whence the game of <xex>forfeits</xex>.</def>



<q>Country dances and <qex>forfeits</qex> shortened the rest of

the day.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>For"feit</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>forfait</ets>,

p.p. of <ets>forfaire</ets>. See <er>Forfeit</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Lost or alienated for an offense or

crime; liable to penal seizure.</def>



<q>Thy wealth being <qex>forfeit</qex> to the state.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>To tread the <qex>forfeit</qex> paradise.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>For"feit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Forfeited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Forfeiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forfeten</ets>.

See <er>Forfeit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To lose, or lose

the right to, by some error, fault, offense, or crime; to render

one's self by misdeed liable to be deprived of; to alienate the

right to possess, by some neglect or crime; <as>as, to

<ex>forfeit</ex> an estate by treason; to <ex>forfeit</ex>

reputation by a breach of promise</as>; -- with <xex>to</xex>

before the one acquiring what is forfeited.</def>



<q>[They] had <qex>forfeited</qex> their property by their

crimes.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>Undone and <qex>forfeited</qex> to cares forever!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>For"feit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be guilty

of a misdeed; to be criminal; to transgress.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fail to keep an obligation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I will have the heart of him if he <qex>forfeit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>For"feit</hw>, <pos>p. p. <or/ a.</pos> <def>In the condition

of being forfeited; subject to alienation.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Once more I will renew

His laps\'8ad powers, though <qex>forfeite</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Four"feit*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Liable

to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.</def>



<q>For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of

mortmain, and <qex>forfeitable</qex>, like the lands

themselves.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>For"feit*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

incurs a penalty of forfeiture.</def>



<hw>For"fei*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>forfeiture</ets>, LL. <ets>forisfactura</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of forfeiting; the loss of some right,

privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects, by an offense,

crime, breach of condition, or other act.</def>



<q>Under pain of <qex>foreiture</qex> of the said goods.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is forfeited; a penalty; a fine or

mulct.</def>



<q>What should I gain

By the exaction of the <qex>forfeiture</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Fine; mulct; amercement; penalty.</syn>



<hw>For*fend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>fend</ets>. See <er>Forewend</er>.]</ety>

<def>To prohibit; to forbid; to avert.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Which peril heaven <qex>forefend</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ This is etymologically the preferable

spelling.</note>



<hw>For*fer"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>For-</er>, and <er>Fear</er>.]</ety> <def>Excessively

alarmed; in great fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Forfered</xex> of his death.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For"fete</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Forfeit</er>.]</ety> <def>To incur a penalty; to

transgress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And all this suffered our Lord Jesus Christ that never

<qex>forfeted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>\'d8For"fex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>A pair of shears.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>For"fi*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>forfex</ets>, <ets>forficis</ets>, shears.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Deeply forked, as the tail of certain

birds.</def>



<hw>\'d8For*fic"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

small shears, scissors, dim. of <ets>forfex</ets> shears.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects including the

earwigs. See <er>Earwig</er>, 1.</def>



<hw>For*gath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

convene; to gossip; to meet accidentally.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<q>Within that circle he <qex>forgathered</qex> with many a

fool.</q>

<qau>Wilson.</qau>



<hw>For*gave"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Forgive</er>.</def>



<hw>Forge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>forge</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fabrica</ets> the workshop of an

artisan who works in hard materials, fr. <ets>faber</ets>

artisan, smith, as adj., skillful, ingenious; cf. Gr. <?/ soft,

tender. Cf. <er>Fabric</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place or

establishment where iron or other metals are wrought by heating

and hammering; especially, a furnace, or a shop with its furnace,

etc., where iron is heated and wrought; a smithy.</def>



<q>In the quick <qex>forge</qex> and working house of

thought.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The works where wrought iron is produced

directly from the ore, or where iron is rendered malleable by

puddling and shingling; a shingling mill.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of beating or working iron or steel; the

manufacture of metalic bodies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In the greater bodies the <qex>forge</qex> was easy.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<cs><col>American forge</col>, <cd>a forge for the direct

production of wrought iron, differing from the old Catalan forge

mainly in using finely crushed ore and working continuously.</cd>

<au>Raymond.</au> -- <col>Catalan forge</col>.

<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Catalan</er>.</cd> --

<col>Forge cinder</col>, <cd>the dross or slag form a forge or

bloomary.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Forge rolls</col>, <col>Forge

train</col></mcol>, <cd>the train of rolls by which a bloom is

converted into puddle bars.</cd> -- <col>Forge wagon</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a wagon fitted up for transporting a

blackmith's forge and tools.</cd> -- <col>Portable forge</col>,

<cd>a light and compact blacksmith's forge, with bellows, etc.,

that may be moved from place to place.</cd></cs>



<hw>Forge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Forged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Forging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>forger</ets>, OF. <ets>forgier</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>fabricare</ets>, <ets>fabricari</ets>, to form, frame,

fashion, from <ets>fabrica</ets>. See <er>Forge</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Fabricate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any

particular shape, as a metal.</def>



<q>Mars's armor <qex>forged</qex> for proof eterne.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form or shape out in any way; to produce; to

frame; to invent.</def>



<q>Those names that the schools <qex>forged</qex>, and put into

the mouth of scholars, could never get admittance into common

use.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>Do <qex>forge</qex> a life-long trouble for ourselves.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To coin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make falsely; to produce, as that which is

untrue or not genuine; to fabricate; to counterfeit, as, a

signature, or a signed document.</def>



<q>That paltry story is untrue,

And <qex>forged</qex> to cheat such gulls as you.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<q><qex>Forged</qex> certificates of his . . . moral

character.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To fabricate; counterfeit; feign; falsify.</syn>



<hw>Forge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Forge</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>, and for sense 2, cf. <er>Forge</er>

compel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To commit forgery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To move heavily and slowly,

as a ship after the sails are furled; to work one's way, as one

ship in outsailing another; -- used especially in the phrase

<xex>to forge ahead</xex>.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<q>And off she [a ship] <qex>forged</qex> without a shock.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Forge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To impel

forward slowly; <as>as, to <ex>forge</ex> a ship

forward</as>.</def>



<hw>Forge"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Forgemen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A skilled smith,

who has a hammerer to assist him.</def>



<hw>For"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>forgeur</ets> metal worker, L. <ets>fabricator</ets>

artificer. See <er>Forge</er>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Fabricator</er>.]</ety> <def>One who forges, makes, of forms;

a fabricator; a falsifier.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially: One guilty of forgery; one who makes

or issues a counterfeit document.</def>



<hw>For"ger*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Forgeries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>forgerie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of forging

metal into shape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Useless the <qex>forgery</qex>

Of brazen shield and spear.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of forging, fabricating, or producing

falsely; esp., the crime of fraudulently making or altering a

writing or signature purporting to be made by another; the false

making or material alteration of or addition to a written

instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud; <as>as, the

<ex>forgery</ex> of a bond</as>.</def>



<qau>Bouvier.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is forged, fabricated, falsely

devised, or counterfeited.</def>



<q>These are the <qex>forgeries</qex> of jealously.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The writings going under the name of Aristobulus were a

<qex>forgery</qex> of the second century.</q>

<qau>Waterland.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Counterfeit</er>; <er>Forgery</er>.</syn>

<usage> <xex>Counterfeit</xex> is chiefly used of imitations of

coin, or of paper money, or of securities depending upon

pictorial devices and engraved designs for identity or assurance

of genuineness. <xex>Forgery</xex> is more properly applied to

making a false imitation of an instrument depending on signatures

to show genuineness and validity.</usage>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<-- p. 586 -->



<hw>For*get"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Forgot</er> <pr>(?)</pr>

(<er>Forgat</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <mark>Obs</mark>.); <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Forgotten</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Forgot</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Forgetting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>forgeten</ets>, <ets>foryeten</ets>, AS.

<ets>forgietan</ets>, <ets>forgitan</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets>

+ <ets>gietan</ets>, <ets>gitan</ets> (only in comp.), to get;

cf. D. <ets>vergeten</ets>, G. <ets>vergessen</ets>, Sw.

<ets>f\'94rg\'84ta</ets>, Dan. <ets>forgiette</ets>. See

<er>For-</er>, and <er>Get</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the

memory; to cease to have in mind; not to think of; also, to lose

the power of; to cease from doing.</def>



<q>Bless the Lord, O my soul, and <qex>forget</qex> not all his

benefits.</q>

<qau>Ps. ciii. 2.</qau>



<q>Let y right hand <qex>forget</qex> her cunning.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxxxvii. 5.</qau>



<q>Hath thy knee <qex>forget</qex> to bow?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat with inattention or disregard; to

slight; to neglect.</def>



<q>Can a woman <qex>forget</qex> her sucking child? . . . Yes,

they may <qex>forget</qex>, yet will I not <qex>forget</qex>

thee.</q>

<qau>Is. xlix. 15.</qau>



<cs><col>To forget one's self</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To become

unmindful of one's own personality; to be lost in thought.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be entirely unselfish.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's

dignity, temper, or self-control.</cd></cs>



<hw>For*get"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; <as>as, a

<ex>forgetful</ex> man should use helps to strengthen his

memory</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heedless; careless; neglectful;

inattentive.</def>



<q>Be not <qex>forgetful</qex> to entertain strangers.</q>

<qau>Heb. xiii. 2.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Causing to forget; inducing oblivion;

oblivious.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark> \'bdThe

<xex>forgetful</xex> wine.\'b8



<au>J. Webster.</au>



<hw>For*get"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a forgetful

manner.</def>



<hw>For*get"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of being forgetful; prononess to let slip from the

mind.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing

to remember; oblivion.</def>



<q>A sweet <qex>forgetfulness</qex> of human care.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Failure to bear in mind; careless omission;

inattention; <as>as, <ex>forgetfulness</ex> of duty</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Forgetfulnes</er>, <er>Oblivion</er>.</syn>

<usage> <xex>Forgetfulness</xex> is Anglo-Saxon, and

<xex>oblivion</xex> is Latin. The former commonly has reference

to persons, and marks a state of mind, and marks a state of mind;

the latter commonly has reference to things, and indicates a

condition into which they are sunk. We blame a man for his

<xex>forgetfulness</xex>; we speak of some old custom as buried

in <xex>oblivion</xex>. But this discrimination is not strictly

adhered to.</usage>



<hw>For"ge*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Forge</er>.]</ety> <def>Inventive; productive; capable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>For*get"-me-not`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

G. <ets>vergissmeinnicht</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

small herb, of the genus <spn>Myosotis</spn> (<spn>M.

palustris</spn>, <spn>incespitosa</spn>, etc.), bearing a

beautiful blue flower, and extensively considered the emblem of

fidelity.</def>



<note><hand/ Formerly the name was given to the <spn>Ajuga

Cham\'91pitus</spn>.</note>



<hw>For*get"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Liable

to be, or that may be, forgotten.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>For*get"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

forgets; a heedless person.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>For*get"ting*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

forgetting.</def>



<hw>For"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of shaping metal by hammering or pressing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of counterfeiting.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A piece of forged work in

metal; -- a general name for a piece of hammered iron or

steel.</def>



<q>There are very few yards in the world at which such

<qex>forgings</qex> could be turned out.</q>

<qau>London Times.</qau>



<hw>For*giv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being forgiven; pardonable; venial.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>For*give"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Forgave</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Forgiven</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Forgiving</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forgiven</ets>, <ets>foryiven</ets>, <ets>foryeven</ets>,

AS. <ets>forgiefan</ets>, <ets>forgifan</ets>; perh.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>giefan</ets>, <ets>gifan</ets> to give;

cf. D. <ets>vergeven</ets>, G. <ets>vergeben</ets>, Icel.

<ets>fyrirgefa</ets>, Sw. <ets>f<?/rgifva</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fragiban</ets> to give, grant. See <er>For-</er>, and

<er>Give</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give

wholly; to make over without reservation; to resign.</def>



<q>To them that list the world's gay shows I leave,

And to great ones such folly do <qex>forgive</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give up resentment or claim to requital on

account of (an offense or wrong); to remit the penalty of; to

pardon; -- said in reference to the act forgiven.</def>



<q>And their sins should be <qex>forgiven</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Mark iv. 12.</qau>



<q>He <qex>forgive</qex> injures so readily that he might be said

to invite them.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cease to feel resentment against, on account

of wrong committed; to give up claim to requital from or

retribution upon (an offender); to absolve; to pardon; -- said of

the person offending.</def>



<q>Father, <qex>forgive</qex> them; for they know not what they

do.</q>

<qau>Luke xxiii. 34.</qau>



<q>I as free <qex>forgive</qex> you, as I would be

<qex>fforgiven</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ Sometimes both the person and the offense follow as

objects of the verb, sometimes one and sometimes the other being

the indirect object. \'bd<xex>Forgive</xex> us our debts as we

<xex>forgive</xex> our debtors.\'b8 <au>Matt. vi. 12.</au> \'bdBe

of good cheer; thy sins be <xex>forgiven</xex> thee.\'b8

<au>Matt. ix. 2.</au></note>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>excuse</er>.</syn>



<hw>For*give"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forgifnes</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

forgiving; the state of being forgiven; <as>as, the

<ex>forgiveness</ex> of sin or of injuries</as>.</def>



<q>To the Lord our God belong mercies and

<qex>forgivenesses</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dan. ix. 9.</qau>



<q>In whom we have . . . the <qex>forgiveness</qex> of sin.</q>

<qau>Eph. i. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disposition to pardon; willingness to

forgive.</def>



<q>If thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall

stand? But there is <qex>forgiveness</qex> with thee, that thou

mayest be feared.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxxx. 3, 4.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <hw>Pardon</hw>, <hw>remission</hw>.</syn> <usage>

-- <er>Forgiveness</er>, <er>Pardon</er>. <xex>Forgiveness</xex>

is Anglo-Saxon, and <xex>pardon</xex> Norman French, both

implying a <xex>giving back</xex>. The word <xex>pardon</xex>,

being early used in our Bible, has, in religious matters, the

same sense as <xex>forgiveness</xex>; but in the language of

common life there is a difference between them, such as we often

find between corresponding Anglo-Saxon and Norman words.

<xex>Forgive</xex> points to inward feeling, and suppose

alienated affection; when we ask <xex>forgiveness</xex>, we

primarily seek the removal of anger. <xex>Pardon</xex> looks more

to outward things or consequences, and is often applied to

trifling matters, as when we beg <xex>pardon</xex> for

interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a crowd. The civil

magistrate also grants a <xex>pardon</xex>, and not

<xex>forgiveness</xex>. The two words are, therefore, very

clearly distinguished from each other in most cases which relate

to the common concerns of life.</usage>



<hw>For*giv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

forgives.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>For*giv"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed to forgive;

inclined to overlook offenses; mild; merciful; compassionate;

placable; <as>as, a <ex>forgiving</ex> temper</as>.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>For*giv"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>For*giv"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>J. C. Shairp.</au>



<hw>For*go"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Forwent</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Forgone</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Forgoing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forgan</ets>,

<ets>forgon</ets>, <ets>forgoon</ets>, AS. forg\'ben, prop., to

go past, hence, to abstain from; pref. <ets>for-</ets> +

<ets>g\'ben</ets> to go; akin to G. <ets>vergehen</ets> to pass

away, to transgress. See <er>Go</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To pass by; to leave. See 1st <er>Forego</er>.</def>



<q>For sith [since] I shall <qex>forgoon</qex> my liberty

At your request.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>And four [days] since Florimell the court

<qex>forwent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<note><hand/ This word in spelling has been confused with, and

almost superseded by, <xex>forego</xex> to go before.

Etymologically the form <xex>forgo</xex> is correct.</note>



<hw>For*got"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Forget</er>.</def>



<hw>For*got"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Forget</er>.</def>



<hw>For*hall"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>hale</ets> to draw.]</ety> <def>To harass;

to torment; to distress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For*hend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To seize

upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fo*rin"se*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>forinsecus</ets> from without.]</ety> <def>Foreign;

alien.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<hw>Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Forisfamiliated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Forisfamiliating</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.

<ets>forisfamiliatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>forisfamiliater</ets> to

forisfamiliate; L. <ets>foris</ets> abroad, without +

<ets>familia</ets> family.]</ety> <fld>(LAw)</fld>

<def>Literally, to put out of a family; hence, to portion off, so

as to exclude further claim of inheritance; to emancipate (as a

with his own consent) from paternal authority.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>To renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal

inheritance.</def>



<hw>Fo`ris*fa*mil`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of forisfamiliating.</def>



<hw>Fork</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forc</ets>, fr. L. <ets>furca</ets>. Cf. <er>Fourch<?/</er>,

<er>Furcate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument

consisting consisting of a handle with a shank terminating in two

or more prongs or tines, which are usually of metal, parallel and

slightly curved; -- used from piercing, holding, taking up, or

pitching anything.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything furcate or like of a fork in shape, or

furcate at the extremity; <as>as, a tuning

<ex>fork</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of the parts into which anything is furcated

or divided; a prong; a branch of a stream, a road, etc.; a barbed

point, as of an arrow.</def>



<q>Let it fall . . . though the <qex>fork</qex> invade

The region of my heart.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A thunderbolt with three <qex>forks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The place where a division or a union occurs;

the angle or opening between two branches or limbs; <as>as, the

<ex>fork</ex> of a river, a tree, or a road</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The gibbet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Butler.</au>



<cs><col>Fork beam</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>a half

beam to support a deck, where hatchways occur.</cd> -- <col>Fork

chuck</col> <fld>(Wood Turning)</fld>, <cd>a lathe center having

two prongs for driving the work.</cd> -- <col>Fork head</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The barbed head of an arrow.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>The forked end of a rod which forms part of a knuckle

joint.</cd> -- <col>In fork</col>. <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>A mine

is said to be <xex>in fork<xex>, or an engine to \'bdhave the

water <xex>in fork<xex>,\'b8 when all the water is drawn out of

the mine.</cd> <au>Ure.</au> -- <mcol><col>The forks of a

river</col> <or/ <col>a road</col></mcol>, <cd>the branches into

which it divides, or which come together to form it; the place

where separation or union takes place.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fork</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Forked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Forking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shoot into

blades, as corn.</def>



<q>The corn beginneth to <qex>fork</qex>.</q>

<au>Mortimer. 1</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To divide into two or more branches; <as>as, a

road, a tree, or a stream <ex>forks</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Fork</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To raise, or pitch with a

fork, as hay; to dig or turn over with a fork, as the soil.</def>



<q><qex>Forking</qex> the sheaves on the high-laden cart.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To fork</col> <col>over <or/ out</col></mcol>,

<cd>to hand or pay over, as money. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>



<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<hw>Fork"beard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European fish

(<spn>Raniceps raninus</spn>), having a large flat head; -- also

called <altname>tadpole fish</altname>, and <altname>lesser

forked beard</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European

forked hake or hake's-dame (<spn>Phycis blennoides</spn>); --

also called <altname>great forked beard</altname>.</def>



<hw>Forked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Formed into a forklike shape; having a fork; dividing into

two or more prongs or branches; furcated; bifurcated; zigzag;

<as>as, the <ex>forked</ex> lighting</as>.</def>



<q>A serpent seen, with <qex>forked</qex> tongue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a double meaning; ambiguous;

equivocal.</def>



<cs><col>Cross forked</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a cross, the

ends of whose arms are divided into two sharp points; -- called

also <altname>cross double fitch\'82</altname>. A <stype>cross

forked of three points</stype> is a cross, each of whose arms

terminates in three sharp points.</cd> -- <col>Forked

counsel</col>, <cd>advice pointing more than one way; ambiguous

advice. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>B. Jonson.</au></cs>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fork"ed*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

-- <wf>Fork"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>For*kerve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forcarve</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos></def>



<hw>Fork"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

or state or dividing in a forklike manner.</def>



<hw>Fork"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no fork.</def>



<hw>Fork"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several Asiatic

and East Indian passerine birds, belonging to

<spn>Enucurus</spn>, and allied genera. The tail is deeply

forking</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salmon in its fourth year's

growth.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Fork"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the outer tail feathers longer

than the median ones; swallow-tailed; -- said of many

birds.</def>



<cs><col>Fork-tailed flycatcher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a tropical American flycatcher (<spn>Milvulus

tyrannus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Fork-tailed gull</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a gull of the genus <spn>Xema</spn>,

of two species, esp. <spn>X. Sabinii</spn> of the Arctic

Ocean.</cd> -- <col>Fork-tailed kite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a graceful American kite (<spn>Elanoides forficatus</spn>);

-- called also <altname>swallow-tailed kite</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fork"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Opening into two

or more parts or shoots; forked; furcated.</def>

\'bd<xex>Forky</xex> tongues.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>For*laft"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.

p.</pos> of <er>Forleave</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*lay"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>lay</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lie in wait for;

to ambush.</def>



<q>An ambushed thief <qex>forlays</qex> a traveler.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>For*leave"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forleven</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>leven</ets> to

leave.]</ety> <def>To leave off wholly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*lend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give up

wholly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>For*lese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Forlore</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<er>Forlorn</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forlesen</ets>. See <er>Forlorn</er>.]</ety> <def>To lose

utterly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>haucer.</au>



<hw>For*let"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forleten</ets>, AS. <ets>forl<?/tan</ets>; pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>l<?/tan</ets> to allow; akin to G.

<ets>verlassen</ets> to leave. See <er>Let</er> to allow.]</ety>

<def>To give up; to leave; to abandon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdTo <xex>forlet</xex> sin.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*lie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Forlie</er>.</def>



<hw>For*lore"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. pl. & p. p.</pos>

<def>o<?/ <er>Forlese</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The beasts their caves, the birds their ne<?/ts

<qex>forlore</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>For*lorn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE., p.p. of

<ets>forlesen</ets> to lose utterly, AS. <ets>forle\'a2san</ets>

(p.p. <ets>forloren</ets>); pref. <ets>for-</ets> +

<ets>le\'a2san</ets> (in comp.) to lose; cf. D.

<ets>verliezen</ets> to lose, G. <ets>verlieren</ets>, Sw.

<ets>f\'94rlora</ets>, Dan. <ets>forloren</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fraliusan</ets> to lose. See <er>For-</er>, and

<er>Lorn</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Lose</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Deserted abandoned; lost.</def>



<q>Of fortune and of hope at once <qex>forlorn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Some say that ravens foster <qex>forlorn</qex> children.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute; helpless; in pitiful plight;

wretched; miserable; almost hopeless; desperate.</def>



<q>For here <qex>forlorn</qex> and lost I tread.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>The condition of the besieged in the mean time was

<qex>forlorn</qex> in the extreme.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>She cherished the <qex>forlorn</qex> hope that he was still

living.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<cs><col>A forlorn hope</col> <ety>[D. <ets>verloren hoop<ets>,

prop., a lost band or troop; <ets>verloren<ets>, p.p. of

<ets>verliezen<ets> to lose + <ets>hoop<ets> band; akin to E.

<ets>heap<ets>. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Heap</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a body of men (called in F. <xex>enfants

perdus<xex>, in G. <xex>verloren posten<xex>) selected, usually

from volunteers, to attempt a breach, scale the wall of a

fortress, or perform other extraordinarily perilous service;

also, a desperate case or enterprise.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Destitute, lost; abandoned; forsaken; solitary;

helpless; friendless; hopeless; abject; wretched; miserable;

pitiable.</syn>



<hw>For*lorn"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lost,

forsaken, or solitary person.</def>



<q>Forced to live in Scotland a <qex>forlorn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A forlorn hope; a vanguard.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Our <qex>forlorn</qex> of horse marched within a mile of the

enemy.</q>

<qau>Oliver Cromvell.</qau>



<hw>For*lorn"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a forlorn

manner.</def>



<qau>Pollok.</qau>



<hw>For*lorn"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

forlorn.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>For*lye"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Forlie</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>form</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[See <er>Form</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A suffix used to denote <xex>in the

form <or/ shape of</xex>, <xex>resembling</xex>, etc.; <as>as,

vali<ex>form</ex>; ovi<ex>form</ex></as></def>.



<hw>Form</hw> <pr>(f\'d3rm; <xex>in senses</xex> 8 & 9,

<xex>often</xex> f\'d3rm <xex>in England</xex>)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. & F. <ets>forme</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>forma</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>dhariman</ets>. Cf.

<er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The shape and structure of

anything, as distinguished from the material of which it is

composed; particular disposition or arrangement of matter, giving

it individuality or distinctive character; configuration; figure;

external appearance.</def>



<q>The <qex>form</qex> of his visage was changed.</q>

<qau>Dan. iii. 19.</qau>



<q>And woven close close, both matter, <qex>form</qex>, and

style.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constitution; mode of construction,

organization, etc.; system; <as>as, a republican <ex>form</ex> of

government</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Established method of expression or practice;

fixed way of proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula;

<as>as, a <ex>form</ex> of prayer</as>.</def>



<q>Those whom <qex>form</qex> of laws

Condemned to die.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Show without substance; empty, outside

appearance; vain, trivial, or conventional ceremony;

conventionality; formality; <as>as, a matter of mere

<ex>form</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Though well we may not pass upon his life

Without the <qex>form</qex> of justice.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Orderly arrangement; shapeliness; also,

comeliness; elegance; beauty.</def>



<q>The earth was without <qex>form</qex> and void.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 2.</qau>



<q>He hath no <qex>form</qex> nor comeliness.</q>

<qau>Is. liii. 2.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A shape; an image; a phantom.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>That by which shape is given or determined;

mold; pattern; model.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A long seat; a bench; hence, a rank of students

in a school; a class; also, a class or rank in society.</def>

\'bdLadies of a high <xex>form</xex>.\'b8



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The seat or bed of a hare.</def>



<q>As in a <qex>form</qex> sitteth a weary hare.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The type or other matter

from which an impression is to be taken, arranged and secured in

a chase.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The boundary line of a

material object. In <fld>painting</fld>, more generally, the

human body.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The particular shape or

structure of a word or part of speech; <as>as, participial

<ex>forms</ex>; verbal <ex>forms</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The combination of

planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is

not necessarily a closed solid.</def>



<sn>14.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>That assemblage or

disposition of qualities which makes a conception, or that

internal constitution which makes an existing thing to be what it

is; -- called <xex>essential</xex> or <xex>substantial

form</xex>, and contradistinguished from <xex>matter</xex>;

hence, active or formative nature; law of being or activity;

subjectively viewed, an idea; objectively, a law.</def>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>Mode of acting or manifestation to the senses,

or the intellect; <as>as, water assumes the <ex>form</ex> of ice

or snow</as>. In modern usage, the elements of a conception

furnished by the mind's own activity, as contrasted with its

object or condition, which is called the <xex>matter</xex>;

subjectively, a mode of apprehension or belief conceived as

dependent on the constitution of the mind; objectively, universal

and necessary accompaniments or elements of every object known or

thought of.</def>



<sn>16.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The peculiar characteristics

of an organism as a type of others; also, the structure of the

parts of an animal or plant.</def>



<-- p. 587 -->



<cs><mcol><col>Good form</col> <or/ <col>Bad form</col></mcol>,

<cd>the general appearance, condition or action, originally of

horses, atterwards of persons; as, the members of a boat crew are

said to be in <xex>good form<xex> when they pull together

uniformly. The phrases are further used colloquially in

description of conduct or manners in society; as, it is not

<xex>good form<xex> to smoke in the presence of a lady.</cd></cs>



<hw>Form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Formed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Forming</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>former</ets>, L. <ets>formare</ets>, fr.

<ets>forma</ets>. See <er>Form</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To give form or shape to; to frame; to

construct; to make; to fashion.</def>



<q>God <qex>formed</qex> man of the dust of the ground.</q>

<qau>Gen. ii. 7.</qau>



<q>The thought that labors in my <qex>forming</qex> brain.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a particular shape to; to shape, mold,

or fashion into a certain state or condition; to arrange; to

adjust; also, to model by instruction and discipline; to mold by

influence, etc.; to train.</def>



<q>'T is education <qex>forms</qex> the common mind.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Thus <qex>formed</qex> for speed, he challenges the wind.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To go to make up; to act as constituent of; to

be the essential or constitutive elements of; to answer for; to

make the shape of; -- said of that out of which anything is

formed or constituted, in whole or in part.</def>



<q>The diplomatic politicians . . . who <qex>formed</qex> by far

the majority.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To provide with a form, as a hare. See

<er>Form</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 9.</def>



<q>The melancholy hare is <qex>formed</qex> in brakes and

briers.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To derive by grammatical

rules, as by adding the proper suffixes and affixes.</def>



<hw>Form</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take a form,

definite shape, or arrangement; <as>as, the infantry should

<ex>form</ex> in column</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To run to a form, as a hare.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<cs><col>To form on</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to form a

lengthened line with reference to (any given object) as a

basis.</cd></cs>



<hw>For"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>formalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>formel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Belonging to the form, shape, frame, external appearance, or

organization of a thing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to the constitution of a thing, as

distinguished from the matter composing it; having the power of

making a thing what it is; constituent; essential; pertaining to

oe depending on the forms, so called of the human

intellect.</def>



<q>Of [the sounds represented by] letters, the material part is

breath and voice; the <qex>formal</qex> is constituted by the

motion and figure of the organs of speech.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Done is due form, or with solemnity; according

to regular method; not incidental, sudden or irregular; express;

<as>as, he gave his <ex>formal</ex> consent</as>.</def>



<q>His obscure funeral . . . 

No noble rite nor <qex>formal</qex> ostentation.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Devoted to, or done in accordance with, forms or

rules; punctilious; regular; orderly; methodical; of a prescribed

form; exact; prim; stiff; ceremonious; <as>as, a man

<ex>formal</ex> in his dress, his gait, his

conversation</as>.</def>



<q>A cold-looking, <qex>formal</qex> garden, cut into angles and

rhomboids.</q>

<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>



<q>She took off the <qex>formal</qex> cap that confined her

hair.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having the form or appearance without the

substance or essence; external; <as>as, <ex>formal</ex> duty;

<ex>formal</ex> worship; <ex>formal</ex> courtesy,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Dependent in form; conventional.</def>



<q>Still in constraint your suffering sex remains,

Or bound in <qex>formal</qex> or in real chains.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Sound; normal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To make of him a <qex>formal</qex> man again.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Formal cause</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Cause</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Precise; punctilious; stiff; starched; affected;

ritual; ceremonial; external; outward.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Formal</er>, <er>Ceremonious</er>. When applied to things,

these words usually denote a mere accordance with the rules of

form or ceremony; as, to make a <xex>formal</xex> call; to take a

<xex>ceremonious</xex> leave. When applied to a person or his

manners, they are used in a bad sense; a person being called

<xex>formal</xex> who shapes himself too much by some pattern or

set form, and <xex>ceremonious</xex> when he lays too much stress

on the conventional laws of social intercourse. <xex>Formal</xex>

manners render a man stiff or ridiculous; a

<xex>ceremonious</xex> carriage puts a stop to the ease and

freedom of social intercourse.</usage>



<hw>For*mal"de*hyde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Form</ets>ic + <ets>aldehyde</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, volatile liquid,

<chform>H2CO</chform>, resembling acetic or ethyl aldehyde, and

chemically intermediate between methyl alcohol and formic

acid.</def>



<hw>Form"al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice or the doctrine of strict adherence to, or dependence

on, external forms, esp. in matters of religion.</def>



<q>Official <qex>formalism</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Rawlinson.</u>



<hw>Form"al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>formaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One overattentive to forms, or

too much confined to them; esp., one who rests in external

religious forms, or observes strictly the outward forms of

worship, without possessing the life and spirit of

religion.</def>



<q>As far a <qex>formalist</qex> from wisdom sits,

In judging eyes, as libertines from wits.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>For*mal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Formalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>formalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition or

quality of being formal, strictly ceremonious, precise,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Form without substance.</def>



<q>Such [books] as are mere pieces of <qex>formality</qex>, so

that if you look on them, you look though them.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Compliance with formal or conventional rules;

ceremony; conventionality.</def>



<q>Nor was his attendance on divine offices a matter of

<qex>formality</qex> and custom, but of conscience.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An established order; conventional rule of

procedure; usual method; habitual mode.</def>



<q>He was installed with all the usual

<qex>formalities</qex>.</q>

<qau>C. Middleton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The dress prescribed for any

body of men, academical, municipal, or sacerdotal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The doctors attending her in their <qex>formalities</qex> as

far as Shotover.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which is formal; the formal part.</def>



<q>It unties the inward knot of marriage, . . . while it aims to

keep fast the outward <qex>formality</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The quality which makes a thing what it is;

essence.</def>



<q>The material part of the evil came from our father upon us,

but the <qex>formality</qex> of it, the sting and the curse, is

only by ourselves.</q>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<q>The <qex>formality</qex> of the vow lies in the promise made

to God.</q>

<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Scholastic. Philos.)</fld> <def>The manner in

which a thing is conceived or constituted by an act of human

thinking; the result of such an act; <as>as, animality and

rationality are <ex>formalities</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Form"al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Formalized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Formalizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give form, or a

certain form, to; to model.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To render formal.</def>



<hw>Form"al*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To affect

formality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>ales.</au>



<hw>Form"al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a formal manner;

essentially; characteristically; expressly; regularly;

ceremoniously; precisely.</def>



<q>That which <qex>formally</qex> makes this [charity] a

Christian grace, is the spring from which it flows.</q>

<qau>Smalridge.</qau>



<q>You and your followers do stand <qex>formally</qex> divided

against the authorized guides of the church and rest of the

people.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<hw>For"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Formic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of formic

acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>formiate</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>For*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>formatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>formation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of giving form or shape to anything; a

forming; a shaping.</def>



<au>Beattie.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The manner in which a thing is formed;

structure; construction; conformation; form; <as>as, the peculiar

<ex>formation</ex> of the heart</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A substance formed or deposited.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Mineral deposits

and rock masses designated with reference to their origin;

<as>as, the siliceous <ex>formation</ex> about geysers; alluvial

<ex>formations</ex>; marine <ex>formations</ex>.</as></def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of beds of the same age or period;

<as>as, the Eocene <ex>formation</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of a body of

troops, as in a square, column, etc.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<hw>Form"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>formatif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Giving form; having

the power of giving form; plastic; <as>as, the <ex>formative</ex>

arts</as>.</def>



<q>The meanest plant can not be raised without seed, by any

<qex>formative</qex> residing in the soil.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Serving to form; derivative;

not radical; <as>as, a termination merely

<ex>formative</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Capable of growth and

development; germinal; <as>as, living or <ex>formative</ex>

matter</as>.</def>



<hw>Form"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which serves merely to give form, and is

no part of the radical, as the prefix or the termination of a

word.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A word formed in accordance with

some rule or usage, as from a root.</def>



<hw>For`m\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Pat\'82</er> or <er>Patt\'82</er>.</def>



<hw>For"me</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE., fr. AS.

<ets>forma</ets>. See <er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <def>First.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAdam our <xex>forme</xex> father.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Formed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Arranged, as stars in a constellation;

<as>as, <ex>formed</ex> stars</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having structure; capable of

growth and development; organized; <as>as, the <ex>formed</ex> or

organized ferments</as>. See <er>Ferment</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<cs><col>Formed material</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a term

employed by Beale to denote the lifeless matter of a cell, that

which is physiologically dead, in distinction from the truly

germinal or living matter.</cd></cs>



<hw>For"me*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., fr.

Latin. So called because the plaintiff claimed \'bdby the form of

the gift,: L. <ets>per formam doni</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A writ of right for a tenant in tail in case of a

discontinuance of the estate tail. This writ has been

abolished.</def>



<hw>For"mell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of F.

<ets>forme</ets> the female of a bird of prey.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of a hawk or falcon.</def>



<hw>Form"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who forms; a maker; a creator.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A shape around

which an article is to be shaped, molded, woven wrapped, pasted,

or otherwise constructed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A templet,

pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A cutting die.</def>



<hw>For"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[A compar. due

to OE. <ets>formest</ets>. See <er>Foremost</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Preceding in order of time; antecedent;

previous; prior; earlier; hence, ancient; long past.</def>



<q>For inquire, I pray thee, of the <qex>former</qex> age.</q>

<qau>Job. viii. 8.</qau>



<q>The latter and <qex>former</qex> rain.</q>

<qau>Hosea vi. 3.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Near the beginning; preceeding; <as>as, the

<ex>former</ex> part of a discourse or argument</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Earlier, as between two things mentioned

together; first mentioned.</def>



<q>A bad author deserves better usage than a bad critic; a man

may be the <qex>former</qex> merely through the misfortune of an

ill judgment; but he can not be latter without both that and an

ill temper.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Prior; previous; anterior; antecedent; preceding;

foregoing.</syn>



<hw>\'d8For`me*ret"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the half ribs

against the walls in a ceiling vaulted with ribs.</def>



<hw>For"mer*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In time

past, either in time immediately preceding or at any indefinite

distance; of old; heretofore.</def>



<hw>Form"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Creative;

imaginative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>formful</xex>

brain.\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>For"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>formica</ets> an ant: cf. F. <ets>formique</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, ants;

<as>as, <ex>formic</ex> acid</as>; in an extended sense,

pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; <as>as,

<ex>formic</ex> ether</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Amido formic acid</col>, <cd>carbamic acid.</cd> --

<col>Formic acid</col>, <cd>a colorless, mobile liquid,

<chform>HCO.OH</chform>, of a sharp, acid taste, occurring

naturally in ants, nettles, pine needles, etc., and produced

artifically in many ways, as by the oxidation of methyl alcohol,

by the reduction of carbonic acid or the destructive distillation

of oxalic acid. It is the first member of the fatty acids in the

paraffin series, and is homologous with acetic acid.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8For*mi"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., an

ant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an genus of

hymenopterous insects, including the common ants. See

<er>Ant</er>.</def>



<hw>For`mi*ca"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>Formicarius</ets>, the typical genus +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or

pertaining to the family <spn>Formicarid\'91</spn> or ant

thrushes.</def>



<hw>For"mi*ca*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>formicarium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>formica</ets> an ant.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The nest or dwelling of a swarm of

ants; an ant-hill.</def>



<hw>For"mi*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>formica</ets> an ant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Resembling, or pertaining to, an ant or ants.</def>



<hw>For`mi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>formicatio</ets>, fr. <ets>formicare</ets> to creep like an

ant, to feel as if ants were crawling on one's self, fr.

<ets>formica</ets> ant: cf. F. <ets>formication</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sensation resembling that made by the

creeping of ants on the skin.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>For"mi*cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the ants.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the family

<spn>Formicid\'91</spn>, or ants.</def></def2>



<hw>For`mi*da*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Formidableness.</def>



<au>Walpole.</au>



<hw>For"mi*da*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>formidabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>formidare</ets> to fear, dread:

cf. F. <ets>formidable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exciting fear or

apprehension; impressing dread; adapted to excite fear and deter

from approach, encounter, or undertaking; alarming.</def>



<q>They seemed to fear the <qex>formodable</qex> sight.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>I swell my preface into a volume, and make it

<qex>formidable</qex>, when you see so many pages behind.</q>

<qau>Drydn.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Dreadful; fearful; terrible; frightful; shocking;

horrible; terrific; tremendous.</syn>



<hw>For"mi*da*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being formidable, or adapted to excite dread.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>For"mi*da*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a formidable

manner.</def>



<hw>For*mid"o*lose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>formidolosus</ets>, fr. <ets>formido</ets> fear.]</ety>

<def>Very much afraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Form"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

process of giving form or shape to anything; as, in shipbuilding,

the exact shaping of partially shaped timbers.</def>



<hw>Form"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shapeless; without a

determinate form; wanting regularity of shape.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Form"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Form"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>For"mu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Formulas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Formul\'91</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>forma</ets> form,

model. See<er>Form</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or

conventional method in which anything is to be done, arranged, or

said.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A written confession of

faith; a formal statement of foctrines.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A rule or principle expressed

in algebraic language; <as>as, the binominal

<ex>formula</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A prescription or recipe for

the preparation of a medicinal compound.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A symbolic expression (by

means of letters, figures, etc.) of the constituents or

constitution of a compound.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Chemical formul\'91</xex> consist of the

abbreviations of the names of the elements, with a small figure

at the lower right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each

element contained.</note>



<cs><col>Empirical formula</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an

expression which gives the simple proportion of the constituents;

<as>as, the <ex>empirical formula<ex> of acetic acid is

<chform>C2H4O2</chform></as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Graphic

formula</col>, <col>Rational formula</col></mcol>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an expression of the constitution, and in

a limited sense of the structure, of a compound, by the grouping

of its atoms or radicals; <as>as, a <ex>rational formula<ex> of

acetic acid is <chform>CH3.(C:O).OH</chform></as>; -- called also

<altname>structural formula</altname>, <altname>constitutional

formula</altname>, etc. See also the formula of <cref>Benzene

nucleus</cref>, under <er>Benzene</er>.</cd> -- <col>Molecular

formula</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a formula indicating the

supposed molecular constitution of a compound.</cd></cs>



<hw>For`mu*la*ris"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or exhibiting, formularization.</def>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>For`mu*lar*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The act of formularizing; a formularized or formulated

statement or exhibition.</def>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>For"mu*lar*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

reduce to a forula; to formulate.</def>



<hw>For"mu*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>formulaire</ets>. See <er>Formula</er>.]</ety> <def>Stated;

prescribed; ritual.</def>



<hw>For"mu*la*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Formularies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>formulaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A book containing

stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, prayers,

medical formula\'91, etc.; a book of precedents.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Prescribed form or model; formula.</def>



<hw>For"mu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Formulated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Formulating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce to, or express in, a

formula; to put in a clear and definite form of statement or

expression.</def>



<au>G. P. Marsh.</au>



<hw>For`mu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act,

process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.</def>



<hw>For"mule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A set or prescribed model; a formula.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>For`mu*li*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act or process of reducing to a formula; the state of being

formulized.</def>



<hw>For"mu*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Formulized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Formulizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce to a formula; to

formulate.</def>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>For"myl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Form</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A univalent radical,

<chform>H.C:O</chform>, regarded as the essential residue of

<xex>formic</xex> acid and aldehyde.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Formerly, the radical methyl, <chform>CH3</chform>.</def>



<hw>Forn*cast"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>foren + cast</ets>. See <er>Forecast</er>.]</ety>

<def>Predestined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For"ni*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

a fornix.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>For"ni*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>For"ni*ca`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fornicatus</ets>, fr. <ets>fornix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>,

an arch, vault.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Vaulted like an oven or

furnace; arched.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arching over;

overarched.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<-- p. 588 -->



<hw>For"ni*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fornicatus</ets>, <ets>p. p. of fornicari</ets> to

fornicate, fr. <ets>fornix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a vault, a

brothel in an underground vault.]</ety> <def>To commit

fornication; to have unlawful sexual intercourse.</def>



<hw>For`ni*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fornication</ets>, L. <ets>fornicatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Unlawful sexual intercourse on the part of an

unmarried person; the act of such illicit sexual intercourse

between a man and a woman as does not by law amount to

adultery.</def>



<note><hand/ In England, the offense, though cognizable in the

ecclesiastical courts, was not at common law subject to secular

prosecution. In the United States it is indictable in some States

at common law, in others only by statute.</note>



<au>Whartyon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Adultery.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Incest.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>Idolatry.</def>



<hw>For"ni*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fornicateur</ets>, OF. <ets>fornicator</ets>, from L.

<ets>fornicator</ets>.]</ety> <def>An unmarried person, male or

female, who has criminal intercourse with the other sex; one

guilty of fornication.</def>



<hw>For"ni*ca`tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fornicatrice</ets>, L. <ets>fornicatrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

woman guilty of fornication.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8For"nix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fornices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., an arch.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An arch or fold; <as>as, the

<ex>fornix</ex>, or vault, of the cranium; the <ex>fornix</ex>,

or reflection, of the conjuctiva.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Esp., two longitudinal bands of white nervous tissue beneath

the lateral ventricles of the brain.</def>



<hw>For*old"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Very

old.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A bear's skin, coal-black, <qex>forold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>For*pass"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To

pass by or along; to pass over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For*pine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To waste

away completely by suffering or torment.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdPale as a <xex>forpined</xex>

ghost.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For"ray</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forrayen</ets>. See <er>Foray</er>.]</ety> <def>To foray; to

ravage; to pillage.</def>



<q>For they that morn had <qex>forrayed</qex> all the land.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>For"ray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of ravaging; a

ravaging; a predatory excursion. See <er>Foray</er>.</def>



<hw>For"rill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Forel</er>.]</ety> <def>Lambskin parchment; vellum;

forel.</def>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>For*sake"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Forsook</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Forsaken</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Forsaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forsacan</ets> to oppose, refuse; <ets>for-</ets> +

<ets>sacan</ets> to contend, strive; akin to Goth.

<ets>sakan</ets>. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Sake</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to

abandon; to depart or withdraw from; to leave; <as>as, false

friends and flatterers <ex>forsake</ex> us in

adversity</as>.</def>



<q>If his children <qex>forsake</qex> my law, and walk not in my

judgments.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxxix. 30.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To renounce; to reject; to refuse.</def>



<q>If you <qex>forsake</qex> the offer of their love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To abandon; quit; desert; fail; relinquish; give up;

renounce; reject. See <er>Abandon</er>.</syn>



<hw>For*sak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

forsakes or deserts.</def>



<hw>For*say"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forsecgan</ets> to accuse; pref. <ets>for-</ets> +

<ets>secgan</ets> to say.]</ety> <def>To forbid; to renounce; to

forsake; to deny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For*shape"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>shape</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <def>To render

misshapen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>For*slack"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>slack</ets> to neglect.]</ety> <def>To

neglect by idleness; to delay or to waste by sloth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For*slouth"e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>For-</er>, and <er>Slouth</er>.]</ety> <def>To lose by sloth

or negligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*slow"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>slow</ets>.]</ety> <def>To delay; to

hinder; to neglect; to put off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>For*slow"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To loiter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>For*slug"ge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Slug</er> to be idle.]</ety> <def>To lsoe by idleness or

slotch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*sooth"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fors\'d3\'eb</ets>; <ets>for</ets>, prep. +

<ets>s\'d3\'eb</ets> sooth, truth. See <er>For</er>,

<ets>prep</ets>., and <er>Sooth</er>.]</ety> <def>In truth; in

fact; certainly; very well; -- formerly used as an expression of

deference or respect, especially to woman; now used ironically or

contemptuously.</def>



<q>A fit man, <qex>forsooth</qex>, to govern a realm!</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<q>Our old English word <qex>forsooth</qex> has been changed for

the French <qex>madam</qex>.</q>

<qau>Guardian.</qau>



<hw>For*sooth"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To address

respectfully with the term <xex>forsooth</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The captain of the \'bdCharles\'b8 had <qex>forsoothed</qex>

her, though he knew her well enough and she him.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<hw>For*sooth"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person who used

<xex>forsooth</xex> much; a very ceremonious and deferential

person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>You sip so like a <qex>forsooth</qex> of the city.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>For*speak"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>speak</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

forbid; to prohibit.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bewitch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>For*spent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forspendan</ets> to consume; pref. <ets>for-</ets> +

<ets>spendan</ets> to spend.]</ety> <def>Wasted in strength;

tired; exhausted.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>A gentleman almost <qex>forspent</qex> with speed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>For*stall"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

forestall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fors"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

forester.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*straught"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>straught</ets>; cf.

<ets>distraught</ets>.]</ety> <def>Distracted.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*swat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Sweat</er>.]</ety> <def>Spent with heat; covered with

sweat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>For*swear"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Forswore</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Forsworn</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Forswearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forsweren</ets>, <ets>forswerien</ets>, AS.

<ets>forswerian</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>swerian</ets>

to swear. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Swear</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reject or renounce upon oath;

hence, to renounce earnestly, determinedly, or with

protestations.</def>



<q>I . . . do <qex>forswear</qex> her.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deny upon oath.</def>



<q>Like innocence, and as serenely bold

As truth, how loudly he <qex>forswears</qex> thy gold!</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>To forswear one's self</col>, <cd>to swear falsely; to

pe<?/ure one's self. \'bdThou shalt not <xex>forswear

thyself<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au><?/tt. v. 33.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Perjure</er>.</syn>



<hw>For*swear"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To swear falsely; to

commit perjury.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>For*swear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

rejects of renounces upon oath; one who swears a false

oath.</def>



<hw>For*swonk"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>swonk</ets>, p.p. of <ets>swink</ets>to

labor. See <er>Swink</er>.]</ety> <def>Overlabored; exhausted;

worn out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For*swore"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Forswear</er>.</def>



<hw>For*sworn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Forswear</er>.</def>



<hw>For*sworn"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

forsworn.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8For*syth"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

Named after William <ets>Forsyth</ets>, who brought in from

China.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub of the Olive family,

with yellow blossoms.</def>



<hw>Fort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from

<ets>fort</ets> strong, L. <ets>fortis</ets>; perh. akin to Skr.

<ets>darh</ets> to fix, make firm, and to E. <ets>firm</ets> Cf.

<er>Forte</er>, <er>Force</er>, <er>Fortalice</er>,

<er>Comfort</er>, <er>Effort</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>A strong or fortified place; usually, a small fortified

place, occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart,

and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of

defense; a fortification.</def>



<q>Detached works, depending solely on their own strength, belong

to the class of works termed <qex>forts</qex>.</q>

<qau>Farrow.</qau>



<hw>Fort"a*lice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>fortalitia</ets>, or OF. <ets>fortelesce</ets>. See

<er>Fortress</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small outwork

of a fortification; a fortilage; -- called also

<altname>fortelace</altname>.</def>



<hw>Forte</hw> <pr>(f<omac/rt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[IT.

<ets>forte</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fort</ets>. See

<er>Fort</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The strong point; that in

which one excels.</def>

<-- sense 2 is often pronounced <pr>f<omac/rt"<amac/</pr> -->



<q>The construction of a fable seems by no means the

<qex>forte</qex> of our modern poetical writers.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The stronger part of the blade of a sword; the

part of half nearest the hilt; -- opposed to

<xex>foible</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8For"te</hw> <pr>(f<ocir/r"t<asl/ <or/

f<omac/r"t<asl/)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>forte</ets>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos>, fr. L. <ets>fortis</ets>

strong.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Loudly; strongly;

powerfully.</def>



<hw>Fort"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with,

or guarded by, forts; strengthened or defended, as by

forts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Forth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos><ety>[AS.

<ets>for<edh/</ets>, fr. <ets>for</ets> akin to D.

<ets>voort</ets>, G. <ets>fort</ets> <root/78. See <er>Fore</er>,

<er>For</er>, and cf. <er>Afford</er>, <er>Further</er>,

<ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Forward; onward in time,

place, or order; in advance from a given point; on to end;

<as>as, from that day <ex>forth</ex>; one, two, three, and so

<ex>forth</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Lucas was Paul's companion, at the leastway from the sixteenth

of the Acts <qex>forth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tyndale.</qau>



<q>From this time <qex>forth</qex>, <qex>I never will speak

word</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I repeated the Ave Maria; the inquisitor bad me say

<qex>forth</qex>; I said I was taught no more.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Out, as from a state of concealment, retirement,

confinement, nondevelopment, or the like; out into notice or

view; <as>as, the plants in spring put <ex>forth</ex>

leaves</as>.</def>



<q>When winter past, and summer scarce begun,

Invites them <qex>forth</qex> to labor in the sun.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Beyond a (certain) boundary; away; abroad;

out.</def>



<q>I have no mind of feasting <qex>forth</qex> to-night.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Throughly; from beginning to end.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>And so forth</col>, <col>Back and forth</col>,

<col>From forth</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>And</er>,

<er>Back</er>, and <er>From</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Forth

of</col>, <col>Forth from</col></mcol>, <cd>out of

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Shak.</au> -- <col>To bring

forth</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bring</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Forth</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Forth from; out of.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Some <qex>forth</qex> their cabins peep.</q>

<qau>Donne.</qau>



<hw>Forth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., a ford. <?/ 78. See

<er>Frith</er>.]</ety> <def>A way; a passage or ford.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Todd.</au>



<hw>Forth`by"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forby</er>.</def>



<hw>Forth"com`ing</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ready or about to appear; making appearance.</def>



<hw>Forth"go`ing</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

going forth; an utterance.</def>



<au>A. Chalmers.</au>



<hw>Forth"go`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Going forth.</def>



<hw>For*think"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

repent; to regret; to be sorry for; to cause regret.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdLet it <xex>forthink</xex> you.\'b8



<au>Tyndale.</au>



<q>That me <qex>forthinketh</qex>, quod this January.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Forth"put`ing</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bold; forward; aggressive.</def>



<hw>Forth"right`</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Forth</ets>, <pos>adv.</pos> + <ets>right</ets>,

<pos>adv.</pos>]</ety> <def>Straight forward; in a straight

direction.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Forth"right`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Direct;

straightforward; <as>as, a <ex>forthright</ex> man</as>.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<q>They were Night and Day, and Day and Night,

Piligrims wight with steps <qex>forthright</qex>.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Forth"right`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A straight path.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Here's a maze trod, indeed,

Through <qex>forthrights</qex> and meanders!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Forth"right`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Straightforwardness; explicitness; directness.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Dante's concise <qex>forthrightness</qex> of phrase.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Forth"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Forth</ets>, adv. + <ets>-ward</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Forward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Fisher.</au>



<hw>Forth`with"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; see <er>With</er>)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Immediately; without delay;

directly.</def>



<q>Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales;

and he received sight <qex>forthwith</qex>.</q>

<qau>Acts ix. 18.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>As soon as the thing required

may be done by reasonable exertion confined to that object.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>For*thy"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>for<edh/<ymac/</ets>; <ets>for</ets>, prep. +

<ets><edh/<ymac/</ets>, instrumental neut. of <ets>se</ets>,

<ets>se\'a2</ets>, <ets><edh/\'91t</ets>, pron. demonstrative and

article. See <er>The</er>.]</ety> <def>Therefore.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For"ties</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Forty</er>.</def>



<hw>For"ti*eth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fe\'a2wertigo<?/a</ets>. See <er>Forty</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Following the thirty-ninth, or preceded by

thirty-nine units, things, or parts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constituting one of forty equal parts into which

anything is divided.</def>



<hw>For"ti*eth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of forty equal parts

into which one whole is divided; the quotient of a unit divided

by forty; one next in order after the thirty-ninth.</def>



<hw>For"ti*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>fortifiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

fortified.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>For`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fortificatio</ets> : cf. F. <ets>fortification</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of fortifying; the art or science of

fortifying places in order to defend them against an enemy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which fortifies; especially, a work or

works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified

place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.</def>



<cs><col>Fortification agate</col>, <cd>Scotch pebble.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Fortress; citadel; bulwark. See

<er>Fortress</er>.</syn>



<hw>For"ti*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, fortifies, strengthens, supports, or

upholds.</def>



<hw>For"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fortified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fortifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fortifier</ets>,

L. <ets>fortificare</ets>; <ets>fortis</ets> strong +

<ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Fort</er>, and

<er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To add strength to; to

strengthen; to confirm; to furnish with power to resist

attack.</def>



<q>Timidity was <qex>fortified</qex> by pride.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<q>Pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined to

<qex>fortify</qex> his resolution.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strengthen and secure by forts or batteries,

or by surrounding with a wall or ditch or other military works;

to render defensible against an attack by hostile forces.</def>



<hw>For"ti*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To raise defensive

works.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>For"ti*lage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Fortalice</er>.]</ety> <def>A little fort; a

blockhouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fort"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Fort</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A little fort; a

fortlet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8For*tis"si*mo</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[It., superl. of <ets>forte</ets>, adv. See <er>Forte</er>,

<ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Very loud; with the

utmost strength or loudness.</def>



<hw>For*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fortuitous</er>.]</ety> <def>Casual choice; fortuitous

selection; hazard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>No mode of election operating in the spirit of

<qex>fortition</qex> or rotation can be generally good.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>For"ti*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fortitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>fortis</ets> strong. See

<er>Fort</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Power to resist attack;

strength; firmness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>fortitude</qex> of the place is best known to

you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That strength or firmness of mind which enables

a person to encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to

bear pain or adversity without murmuring, depression, or

despondency; passive courage; resolute endurance; firmness in

confronting or bearing up against danger or enduring

trouble.</def>



<q>Extolling patience as the truest <qex>fortitude</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Fortitude</qex> is the guard and support of the other

virtues.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Courage; resolution; resoluteness; endurance;

bravery. See <er>Courage</er>, and <er>Heroism</er>.</syn>



<hw>For`ti*tu"di*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having fortitude; courageous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gibbon.</au>



<hw>Fort"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little

fort.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Fort"night`</hw> <pr>(?; <it>in</it> U.S. <it>often</it> ?;

277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>fourteen

nights</ets>, our ancestors reckoning time by nights and winters;

so, also, <ets>seven nights</ets>, <ets>sennight</ets>, a

week.]</ety> <def>The space of fourteen days; two weeks.</def>



<hw>Fort"night`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Occurring

or appearing once in a fortnight; <as>as, a <ex>fortnightly</ex>

meeting of a club; a <ex>fortnightly</ex> magazine, or other

publication.</as></def> -- <def2><pos>adv.</pos> <def>Once in a

fortnight; at intervals of a fortnight.</def></def2>



<hw>For*tread"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tread

down; to trample upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In hell shall they be all <qex>fortroden</qex> of devils.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>For"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fortresses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>forteresse</ets>, OF. <ets>forteresce</ets>,

<ets>fortelesce</ets>, LL. <ets>foralitia</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>fortis</ets> strong. See <er>Fort</er>, and cf.

<er>Fortalice</er>.]</ety> <def>A fortified place; a large and

permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; a fort; a

castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fortress</er>, <er>Fortification</er>,

<er>Castle</er>, <er>Citadel</er>.</syn> <usage> A

<xex>fortress</xex> is constructed for military purposes only,

and is permanently garrisoned; a <xex>fortification</xex> is

built to defend harbors, cities, etc.; a <xex>castle</xex> is a

fortress of early times which was ordinarily a palatial dwelling;

a <xex>citadel</xex> is the stronghold of a fortress or city,

etc.</usage>



<hw>For"tress</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish with a

fortress or with fortresses; to guard; to fortify.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>For*tu"i*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fortuitus</ets>; akin to <ets>forte</ets>, adv., by chance,

prop. abl. of <ets>fors</ets>, <ets>fortis</ets>, chance. See

<er>Fortune</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Happening by chance;

coming or occuring unexpectedly, or without any known cause;

chance; <as>as, the <ex>fortuitous</ex> concourse of

atoms</as>.</def>



<q>It was from causes seemingly <qex>fortuitous</qex> . . . that

all the mighty effects of the Reformation flowed.</q>

<qau>Robertson.</qau>



<q>So as to throw a glancing and <qex>fortuitous</qex> light upon

the whole.</q>

<qau>Hazlitt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(LAw)</fld> <def>Happening independently of

human will or means of foresight; resulting from unavoidable

physical causes.</def>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Accidental; casual; contingent; incidental. See

<er>Accidental</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>For*tu"i*tous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>For*tu"i*tous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>For*tu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fortuit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Accident; chance;

casualty.</def>



<au>D. Forbes (1750).</au>



<hw>For"tu*nate</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fortunatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fortunare</ets> to make

fortunate or prosperous, fr. <ets>fortuna</ets>. See

<er>Fortune</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Coming by

good luck or favorable chance; bringing some good thing not

foreseen as certain; presaging happiness; auspicious; <as>as, a

<ex>fortunate</ex> event; a <ex>fortunate</ex> concurrence of

circumstances; a <ex>fortunate</ex> investment.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Receiving same unforeseen or unexpected good, or

some good which was not dependent on one's own skill or efforts;

favored with good forune; lucky.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Auspicious; lucky; prosperous; successful; favored;

happy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Fortunate</er>, <er>Successful</er>,

<er>Prosperous</er>. A man is <xex>fortunate</xex>, when he is

favored of fortune, and has unusual blessings fall to his lot;

<xex>successful</xex> when he gains what he aims at;

<xex>prosperous</xex> when he succeeds in those things which men

commonly desire. One may be <xex>fortunate</xex>, in some cases,

where he is not <xex>successful</xex>; he may be

<xex>successful</xex>, but, if he has been mistaken in the value

of what he has aimed at, he may for that reason fail to be

<xex>prosperous</xex>.</usage>



<hw>For"tu*nate*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fortunate

manner; luckily; successfully; happily.</def>



<hw>For"tu*nate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition or

quality of being fortunate; good luck; success; happiness.</def>



<-- p. 589 -->



<hw>For"tune</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fortune</ets>, L. <ets>fortuna</ets>; akin to

<ets>fors</ets>, <ets>fortis</ets>, chance, prob. fr.

<ets>ferre</ets> to bear, bring. See <er>Bear</er> to support,

and cf. <er>Fortuitous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The arrival

of something in a sudden or unexpected manner; chance; accident;

luck; hap; also, the personified or deified power regarded as

determining human success, apportioning happiness and

unhappiness, and distributing arbitrarily or fortuitously the

lots of life.</def>



<q>'T is more by <qex>fortune</qex>, lady, than by merit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>O <qex>Fortune</qex>, <qex>Fortune</qex>, all men call thee

fickle.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which befalls or is to befall one; lot in

life, or event in any particular undertaking; fate; destiny;

<as>as, to tell one's <ex>fortune</ex></as>.</def>



<q>You, who men's <qex>fortunes</qex> in their faces read.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which comes as the result of an undertaking

or of a course of action; good or ill success; especially,

favorable issue; happy event; success; prosperity as reached

partly by chance and partly by effort.</def>



<q>Our equal crimes shall equal <qex>fortune</qex> give.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>There is a tide in the affairs of men,

Which, taken at the flood, leads on to <qex>fortune</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>His father dying, he was driven to seek his

<qex>fortune</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Wealth; large possessions; large estate; riches;

<as>as, a gentleman of <ex>fortune</ex></as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Chance; accident; luck; fate.</syn>



<cs><col>Fortune book</col>, <cd>a book supposed to reveal future

events to those who consult it.</cd></cs>



<au>Crashaw.</au>



<cs><col>- Fortune hunter</col>, <cd>one who seeks to acquire

wealth by marriage.</cd> -- <col>Fortune teller</col>, <cd>one

who professes to tell future events in the life of another.</cd>

-- <col>Fortune telling</col>, <cd>the practice or art of

professing to reveal future events in the life of

another.</cd></cs>



<hw>For"tune</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fortuner</ets>, L. <ets>fortunare</ets>. See

<er>Fortune</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

fortunate; to give either good or bad fortune to.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To provide with a fortune.</def>



<au>Richardson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To presage; to tell the fortune of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>For"tune</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fall out; to

happen.</def>



<q>It <qex>fortuned</qex> the same night that a Christian,

serving a Turk in the camp, secretely gave the watchmen

warning.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<hw>For"tune*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Luckless; also,

destitute of a fortune or portion.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For"tun*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

regulate the fortune of; to make happy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forti</ets>, <ets>fourti</ets>, <ets>fowerty</ets>, AS.

<ets>fe\'a2wertig</ets>; <ets>fe\'a2wer</ets> four + suff.

<ets>-tig</ets> ten; akin to OS. <ets>fiwartig</ets>,

<ets>fiartig</ets>, D. <ets>veertig</ets>, G. <ets>vierzig</ets>,

Icel. <ets>fj\'94rut\'c6u</ets>, Sw. <ets>fyratio</ets>, Dan.

<ets>fyrretyve</ets>, Goth. <ets>fidw<?/r tigjus</ets>. See

<er>Four</er>, and <er>Ten</er>, and cf.

<er>Fourteen</er>.]</ety> <def>Four times ten; thirtynine and one

more.</def>



<hw>For"ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Forties</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sum of four tens;

forty units or objects.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol expressing forty units; as, 40, or

xl.</def>



<hw>For"ty-spot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Tasmanian forty-spotted diamond

bird (<spn>Pardalotus quadragintus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Fo"rum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Forums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Fora</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.; akin to <ets>foris</ets>,

<ets>foras</ets>, out of doors. See <er>Foreign</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A market place or public place in Rome, where

causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the

people.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tribunal; a court; an assembly empowered to

hear and decide causes.</def>



<q>He [Lord Camden] was . . . more eminent in the senate than in

the <qex>forum</qex>.</q>

<qau>Brougham.</qau>



<hw>For*waked"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<def>Tired out with excessive waking or watching.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*wan"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

wander away; to go astray; to wander far and to weariness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- sic. ? -->



<hw>For"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., fr. AS.

<ets>foreweard</ets>; <ets>fore</ets> before + <ets>weard</ets> a

ward. See <er>Ward</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>An agreement;

a covenant; a promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Tell us a tale anon, as <qex>forward</qex> is.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>For"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>For"wards</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forweard</ets>, <ets>foreweard</ets>; <ets>for</ets>,

<ets>fore</ets> + <ets>-weardes</ets>; akin to G.

<ets>vorw\'84rts</ets>. The <ets>s</ets> is properly a genitive

ending. See <er>For</er>, <er>Fore</er>, and <er>-ward</er>,

<er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>Toward a part or place before or in

front; onward; in advance; progressively; -- opposed to

<xex>backward</xex>.</def>



<hw>For"ward</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Near, or at the

fore part; in advance of something else; <as>as, the

<ex>forward</ex> gun in a ship, or the <ex>forward</ex> ship in a

fleet</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ready; prompt; strongly inclined; in an ill

sense, overready; to hasty.</def>



<q>Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same

which I also was <qex>forward</qex> to do.</q>

<qau>Gal. ii. 10.</qau>



<q>Nor do we find him <qex>forward</qex> to be sounded.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ardent; eager; earnest; in an ill sense, less

reserved or modest than is proper; bold; confident; <as>as, the

boy is too <ex>forward</ex> for his years</as>.</def>



<q>I have known men disagreeably <qex>forward</qex> from their

shyness.</q>

<qau>T. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for

season; <as>as, the grass is <ex>forward</ex>, or

<ex>forward</ex> for the season; we have a <ex>forward</ex>

spring.</as></def>

<-- the latter sense is now <er>early.</er> -->



<q>The most <qex>forward</qex> bud

Is eaten by the canker ere it blow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>For"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Forwarded</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Forwarding</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To help onward; to advance; to promote; to

accelerate; to quicken; to hasten; <as>as, to <ex>forward</ex>

the growth of a plant; to <ex>forward</ex> one in

improvement.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To send forward; to send toward the place of

destination; to transmit; <as>as, to <ex>forward</ex> a

letter</as>.</def>



<hw>For"ward*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who forwards or promotes; a promoter.</def>



<au>Udall.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who sends forward anything;

<fld>(Com.)</fld> one who transmits goods; a forwarding

merchant.</def>

<-- e.g. freight forwarder -->



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>One employed in

forwarding.</def>



<hw>For"ward*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

one who forwards; the act or occupation of transmitting

merchandise or other property for others.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>The process of putting

a book into its cover, and making it ready for the

finisher.</def>



<hw>For"ward*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Eagerly;

hastily; obtrusively.</def>



<hw>For"ward*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

forward; cheerful readiness; promtness; <as>as, the

<ex>forwardness</ex> of Christians in propagating the

gospel</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An advanced stage of progress or of preparation;

advancement; <as>as, his measures were in great

<ex>forwardness</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Robertson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Eagerness; ardor; <as>as, it is difficult to

restrain the <ex>forwardness</ex> of youth</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Boldness; confidence; assurance; want of due

reserve or modesty.</def>



<q>In France it is usual to bring children into company, and

cherish in them, from their infancy, a kind of

<qex>forwardness</qex> and assurance.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A state of advance beyond the usual degree;

prematureness; precocity; <as>as, the <ex>forwardness</ex>of

spring or of corn; the <ex>forwardness</ex> of a

pupil.</as></def>



<q>He had such a dexterous proclivity, as his teachers were fain

to restrain his <qex>forwardness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Promptness; promptitude; eagerness; ardor; zeal;

assurance; confidence; boldness; impudence; presumption.</syn>



<hw>For"wards</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Forward</er>.</def>



<hw>For*waste"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>for-</ets> + <ets>waste</ets>.]</ety> <def>To desolate or

lay waste utterly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For*wwea"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To weary

extremely; to dispirit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>For*weep"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To weep

much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>For*wete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Forewite</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*why"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>For</ets> + <ets>why</ets>, AS. <ets>hw<?/</ets>,

instrumental case of <ets>hw\'be</ets> who.]</ety>

<def>Wherefore; because.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>For*worn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Much

worn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A silly man, in simple weeds <qex>forworn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>For*wot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>pres. indic. 1st & 3d

pers. sing.</pos> of <er>Forwete</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*wrap"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To wrap

up; to conceal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All mote be said and nought excused, nor hid, nor

<qex>forwrapped</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>For*yelde"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>forgieldan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To repay; to requite.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*yete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

forget.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>For*yet"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.

p.</pos> of <er>Foryete</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8For*zan"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[It.,

prop. p.p. of <ets>forzare</ets> to force.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sforzato</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fos"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Foss\'92</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a ditch. See

<er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A pit, groove,

cavity, or depression, of greater or less depth; <as>as, the

temporal <ex>fossa</ex> on the side of the skull; the nasal

<ex>foss\'91</ex> containing the nostrils in most

birds.</as></def>



<hw>Fos"sane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fossane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species

of civet (<spn>Viverra fossa</spn>) resembling the genet.</def>



<hw>Fosse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>fossa</ets>, fr. <ets>fodere</ets>, <ets>fossum</ets>, to

dig.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A ditch or

moat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fossa</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Fosse road</col>. <cd>See <er>Fosseway</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fos"set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A faucet.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fos`sette"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., dim. of <ets>fosse</ets> a fosse.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A little hollow; hence, a dimple.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small, deep-centered ulcer

of the transparent cornea.</def>



<hw>Fosse"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

great military roads constructed by the Romans in England and

other parts of Europe; -- so called from the <xex>fosse</xex> or

ditch on each side for keeping it dry.</def>



<hw>Fos"sil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fossilis</ets>, fr. <ets>fodere</ets> to dig: cf. F.

<ets>fossile</ets>. See <er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Dug out of the eart; <as>as, <ex>fossil</ex> coal;

<ex>fossil</ex> salt.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to

fossils; contained in rocks. whether petrified or not; <as>as,

<ex>fossil</ex> plants, shells</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Fossil copal</col>, <cd>a resinous substance, first

found in the blue clay at Highgate, near London, and apparently a

vegetable resin, partly changed by remaining in the earth.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Fossil cork</col>, <col>flax</col>,

<col>paper</col>, <or/ <col>wood</col></mcol>, <cd>varieties of

amianthus.</cd> -- <col>Fossil farina</col>, <cd>a soft carbonate

of lime.</cd> -- <col>Fossil ore</col>, <cd>fossiliferous red

hematite.</cd></cs>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Fos"sil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A substance dug

from the earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ Formerly all minerals were called

<xex>fossils</xex>, but the word is now restricted to express the

remains of animals and plants found buried in the earth.</note>



<au>Ure.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The remains of an animal or

plant found in stratified rocks. Most fossils belong to extinct

species, but many of the later ones belong to species still

living.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person whose views and opinions are extremely

antiquated; one whose sympathies are with a former time rather

than with the present.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fos`sil*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fossil</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Containing or composed of

fossils.</def>



<hw>Fos*sil`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fossil</ets> + L. <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety>

<def>The process of becoming fossil.</def>



<hw>Fos"sil*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The science or state of fossils.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being extremely antiquated in views

and opinions.</def>



<hw>Fos"sil*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is versed in the

science of fossils; a paleontologist.</def>



<au>Joseph Black.</au>



<hw>Fos`sil*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>fossilisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of

converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.</def>



<hw>Fos"sil*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fossilized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fossilizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fossiliser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To convert into a

fossil; to petrify; <as>as, to <ex>fossilize</ex> bones or

wood</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed,

as by fossilization; to mummify; to deaden.</def>



<q>Ten layers of birthdays on a woman's head

Are apt to <qex>fossilize</qex> her girlish mirth.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Fos"sil*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become

fossil.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, beyond

the influence of change or progress.</def>



<hw>Fos"sil*ized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Converted

into a fossil; antiquated; firmly fixed in views or

opinions.</def>



<q>A <qex>fossilized</qex> sample of confused provincialism.</q>

<qau>Earle.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fos*so"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fossor<?/</ets> digger, fr.

<ets>fodere</ets> to dig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

group of hymenopterous insects including the sand wasps. They

excavate cells in earth, where they deposit their eggs, with the

bodies of other insects for the food of the young when

hatched.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Fossoria</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Fos*so"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Fossores</er>.</def>



<hw>Fos*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fossor</ets> a digger.]</ety> <def>Fitted for digging,

adapted for burrowing or digging; <as>as, a <ex>fossorial</ex>

foot; a <ex>fossorial</ex> animal.</as></def>



<hw>Fos*so"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Adapted for digging; -- said of the

legs of certain insects.</def>



<hw>Fos"su*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fossula</ets> little ditch, dim. of <ets>fossa</ets>. See

<er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <def>Having, or surrounded by, long,

narrow depressions or furrows.</def>



<hw>Fos"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fostered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fostering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fostren</ets>,

fr. AS. <ets>f\'d3ster</ets>, <ets>f\'d3stor</ets>, food,

nourishment, fr. <ets>f\'d3da</ets> food. \'fb75. See

<er>Food</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feed; to nourish; to

support; to bring up.</def>



<q>Some say that ravens <qex>foster</qex> forlorn children.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cherish; to promote the growth of; to

encourage; to sustain and promote; <as>as, to <ex>foster</ex>

genius</as>.</def>



<hw>Fos"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be nourished or

trained up together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fos"ter</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>f\'d3ster</ets>,

<ets>f\'d3stor</ets>, nourishment. See <er>Foster</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Relating to nourishment; affording,

receiving, or sharing nourishment or nurture; -- applied to

father, mother, child, brother, etc., to indicate that the person

so called stands in the relation of parent, child, brother, etc.,

as regards sustenance and nurture, but not by tie of blood.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Foster</col> <col>babe, <or/ child</col></mcol>,

<cd>an infant of child nursed by a woman not its mother, or bred

by a man not its father.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Foster brother</col>,

<col>Foster sister</col></mcol>, <cd>one who is, or has been,

nursed at the same breast, or brought up by the same nurse as

another, but is not of the same parentage.</cd> -- <col>Foster

dam</col>, <cd>one who takes the place of a mother; a nurse.</cd>

<au>Dryden.</au> -- <col>Foster earth</col>, <cd>earth by which a

plant is nourished, though not its native soil.</cd> <au>J.

Philips.</au> -- <col> Foster father</col>, <cd>a man who takes

the place of a father in caring for a child.</cd> <au>Bacon.</au>

-- <col>Foster land</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Land allotted for the

maintenance of any one.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>One's adopted country.</cd> -- <col>Foster lean</col>

<ety>[<ets>foster<ets> + AS. <ets>l\'91n<ets> <cd>a loan See

<er>Loan</er>.]</ety>, <cd>remuneration fixed for the rearing of

a foster child; also, the jointure of a wife.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Wharton.</au> -- <col>Foster

mother</col>, <cd>a woman who takes a mother's place in the

nurture and care of a child; a nurse.</cd> -- <col>Foster

nurse</col>, <cd>a nurse; a nourisher. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd>

<au>Shak.</au> -- <col>Foster parent</col>, <cd>a foster mother

or foster father.</cd> -- <col>Foster son</col>, <cd>a male

foster child.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fos"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A forester.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fos"ter*age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

care of a foster child; the charge of nursing.</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Fos"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, fosters.</def>



<hw>Fos"ter*ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f\'d3storling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A foster child.</def>



<hw>Fos"ter*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Food;

nourishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fos"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>fosteress</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who feeds and

cherishes; a nurse.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Foth"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fother</ets>, <ets>foder</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'d3<?/er</ets> a

cartload; akin to G. <ets>fuder</ets> a cartload, a unit of

measure, OHG. <ets>fuodar</ets>, D. <ets>voeder</ets>, and perh.

to E. <ets>fathom</ets>, or cf. Skr. <ets>p\'betr\'be</ets>

vessel, dish. Cf. <er>Fodder</er> a fother.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A wagonload; a load of any sort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Of dung full many a <qex>fother</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>Fodder</er>, a unit of weight.</def>



<hw>Foth"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fothered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fothering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Fodder</er> food, and G. <ets>f\'81ttern</ets>,

<ets>futtern</ets>, to cover within or without, to line.

\'fb75.]</ety> <def>To stop (a leak in a ship at sea) by drawing

under its bottom a thrummed sail, so that the pressure of the

water may force it into the crack.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Fo"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fovere</ets>, <ets>fotum</ets>, to keep warm, to

cherish.]</ety> <def>Nourishing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Carew (1633).</au>



<hw>Fot"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Com.)</fld>

<def>Seventy pounds of lead.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Fou`gade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Fou`gasse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small mine, in the form of a well sunk

from the surface of the ground, charged with explosive and

projectiles. It is made in a position likely to be occupied by

the enemy.</def>



<hw>Fought</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Fight</er>.</def>



<hw>Fought"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Fight</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Foul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fowl</er>.]</ety> <def>A bird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Foul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> Fouler <pr>(-<etil/r)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Foulest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>foul</ets>, <ets>ful</ets>, AS. <ets>f<umac/l</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>vuil</ets>, G. <ets>faul</ets> rotten, OHG.

<ets>f<umac/l</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<umac/l</ets> foul, fetid; Dan.

<ets>fuul</ets>, Sw. <ets>ful</ets> foul, Goth.

<ets>f<umac/ls</ets> fetid, Lith. <ets>puti</ets> to be putrid,

L. <ets>putere</ets> to stink, be putrid, <ets>pus</ets> pus, Gr.

<grk>py`on</grk> pus, to cause to rot, Skr. <ets>p<umac/y</ets>

to stink. \'fb82. Cf. <er>Defile</er> to foul, <er>File</er> to

foul, <er>Filth</er>, <er>Pus</er>, <er>Putrid</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered with, or containing, extraneous matter

which is injurious, noxious, offensive, or obstructive; filthy;

dirty; not clean; polluted; nasty; defiled; <as>as, a

<ex>foul</ex> cloth; <ex>foul</ex> hands; a <ex>foul</ex>

chimney; <ex>foul</ex> air; a ship's bottom is <ex>foul</ex> when

overgrown with barnacles; a gun becomes <ex>foul</ex> from

repeated firing; a well is <ex>foul</ex> with polluted

water.</as></def>



<q>My face is <qex>foul</qex> with weeping.</q>

<qau>Job. xvi. 16.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive; <as>as,

<ex>foul</ex> words; <ex>foul</ex> language.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hateful; detestable; shameful; odious;

wretched.</def> \'bdThe <xex>foul</xex> with Sycorax.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Who first seduced them to that <qex>foul</qex> revolt?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Loathsome; disgusting; <as>as, a <ex>foul</ex>

disease</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Ugly; homely; poor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Let us, like merchants, show our <qex>foulest</qex> wares.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Not favorable; unpropitious; not fair or

advantageous; <as>as, a <ex>foul</ex> wind; a <ex>foul</ex>

road</as>; cloudy or rainy; stormy; not fair; -- said of the

weather, sky, etc.</def>



<q>So <qex>foul</qex> a sky clears not without a storm.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Not conformed to the established rules and

customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest;

dishonorable; cheating; <as>as, <ex>foul</ex> play</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Having freedom of motion interfered with by

collision or entanglement; entangled; -- opposed to

<xex>clear</xex>; <as>as, a rope or cable may get <ex>foul</ex>

while paying it out</as>.</def>



<-- p. 590 -->



<cs><col>Foul anchor</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Anchor</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foul ball</col>

<fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a ball that first strikes the ground

outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls outside of certain

limits.</cd> -- <col>Foul ball lines</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>,

<cd>lines from the home base, through the first and third bases,

to the boundary of the field.</cd> -- <col>Foul berth</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a berth in which a ship is in danger of

fouling another vesel.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Foul bill</col>, <or/

<col>Foul bill of health</col></mcol>, <cd>a certificate, duly

authenticated, that a ship has come from a place where a

contagious disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are

infected.</cd> -- <col>Foul copy</col>, <cd>a rough draught, with

erasures and corrections; -- opposed to <xex>fair<xex> or

<xex>clean copy<xex>.</cd> \'bdSome writers boast of negligence,

and others would be ashamed to show their <xex>foul

copies<xex>.\'b8 <au>Cowper.</au> -- <col>Foul proof</col>,

<cd>an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an excessive

quantity of errors.</cd> -- <col>Foul strike</col>

<fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a strike by the batsman when any part

of his person is outside of the lines of his position.</cd> --

<col>To fall foul</col>, <cd>to fall out; to quarrel.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdIf they be any ways offended, they

<xex>fall foul<xex>.\'b8 <au>Burton.</au> -- <mcol><col>To</col>

<col>fall, <or/ run</col>, <col>foul of</col></mcol>. <cd>See

under <er>Fall</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make foul water</col>,

<cd>to sail in such shallow water that the ship's keel stirs the

mud at the bottom.</cd></cs>



<hw>Foul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fouled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fouling</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to

soil; <as>as, to <ex>foul</ex> the face or hands with

mire</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To incrust (the bore of a gun)

with burnt powder in the process of firing.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cover (a ship's bottom) with anything that

impered its sailing; <as>as, a bottom <ex>fouled</ex> with

barnacles</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To entangle, so as to impede motion; <as>as, to

<ex>foul</ex> a rope or cable in paying it out</as>; to come into

collision with; <as>as, one boat <ex>fouled</ex> the other in a

race</as>.</def>



<hw>Foul</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become

clogged with burnt powder in the process of firing, as a

gun.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become entagled, as ropes; to come into

collision with something; <as>as, the two boats

<ex>fouled</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Foul</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An entanglement; a

collision, as in a boat race.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>See <cref>Foul

ball</cref>, under <er>Foul</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>\'d8Fou`lard"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A thin, washable material of silk, or silk

and cotton, originally imported from India, but now also made

elsewhere.</def>



<hw>Foul"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fouldre</ets> lightning, fr. F. <ets>foudre</ets>, OF. also

<ets>fouldre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fulgur</ets>. See

<er>Fulgor</er>.]</ety> <def>To flash, as lightning; to lighten;

to gleam; to thunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdFlames of

<xex>fouldering</xex> heat.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Foul"e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Foully.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Foul"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos><def>In a foul

manner; filthily; nastily; shamefully; unfairly;

dishonorably.</def>



<q>I <qex>foully</qex> wronged him; do forgive me, do.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<hw>Foul"-mouthed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Using

language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene, or profane;

abusive.</def>



<q>So <qex>foul-mouthed</qex> a witness never appeared in any

cause.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Foul"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f<?/lnes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of

being foul.</def>



<hw>Foul"-spo`ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Using

profane, scurrilous, slanderous, or obscene language.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fou"mart`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>folmard</ets>, <ets>fulmard</ets>; AS. <ets>f<?/l</ets> foul

+ <ets>mear<?/</ets>, <ets>meard</ets>, marten: cf. F.

<ets>marte</ets>, <ets>martre</ets>. See <er>Foul</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and <er>Marten</er> the quadruped.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European polecat; -- called also

<altname>European ferret</altname>, and

<altname>fitchew</altname>. See <er>Polecat</er>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>foulmart</asp>, <asp>foulimart</asp>,

and <asp>fulimart</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Found</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Find</er>.</def>



<hw>Found</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Founded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Founding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fondre</ets>, L.

<ets>fundere</ets> to found, pour.]</ety> <def>To form by melting

a metal, and pouring it into a mold; to cast.</def> \'bdWhereof

to <xex>found</xex> their engines.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Found</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thin, single-cut file for

combmakers.</def>



<hw>Found</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Founded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Founding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fonder</ets>, L.

<ets>fundare</ets>, fr. <ets>fundus</ets> bottom. See 1st

<er>Bottom</er>, and cf. <er>Founder</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>,

<er>Fund</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay the basis of; to

set, or place, as on something solid, for support; to ground; to

establish upon a basis, literal or figurative; to fix

firmly.</def>



<q>I had else been perfect,

Whole as the marble, <qex>founded</qex> as the rock.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A man that all his time

Hath <qex>founded</qex> his good fortunes on your love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>It fell not, for it was <qex>founded</qex> on a rock.</q>

<qau>Matt. vii. 25.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take the ffirst steps or measures in erecting

or building up; to furnish the materials for beginning; to begin

to raise; to originate; <as>as, to <ex>found</ex> a college; to

<ex>found</ex> a family.</as></def>



<q>There they shall <qex>found</qex>

Their government, and their great senate choose.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To base; ground; institute; establish; fix. See

<er>Predicate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Foun*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fondation</ets>, L. <ets>fundatio</ets>. See <er>Found</er>

to establish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of founding,

fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That upon which anything is founded; that on

which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest

and supporting layer of a superstructure; groundwork;

basis.</def>



<q>Behold, I lay in Zion, for a <qex>foundation</qex>, a stone .

. . a precious corner stone, a sure <qex>foundation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Is. xxviii. 16.</qau>



<q>The <qex>foundation</qex> of a free common wealth.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The lowest and supporting

part or member of a wall, including the base course (see

<cref>Base course</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Base</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>) and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole

substructure of masonry.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A donation or legacy appropriated to support a

charitable institution, and constituting a permanent fund;

endowment.</def>



<q>He was entered on the <qex>foundation</qex> of

Westminster.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which is founded, or established by

endowment; an endowed institution or charity.</def>



<q>Against the canon laws of our <qex>foundation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Foundation course</col>. <cd>See <cref>Base

course</cref>, under <er>Base</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> --

<col>Foundation muslin</col>, <cd>an open-worked gummed fabric

used for stiffening dresses, bonnets, etc.</cd> --

<col>Foundation school</col>, <cd>in England, an endowed

school.</cd> -- <col>To be on a foundation</col>, <cd>to be

entitled to a support from the proceeds of an endowment, as a

scholar or a fellow of a college.</cd></cs>



<hw>Foun*da"tion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

derives support from the funds or foundation of a college or

school.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Foun*da"tion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

foundation.</def>



<hw>Found"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>fondeor</ets>, F. <ets>fondateur</ets>, L.

<ets>fundator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who founds, establishes, and

erects; one who lays a foundation; an author; one from whom

anything originates; one who endows.</def>



<hw>Found"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Found</er> to

cast.]</ety> <def>One who founds; one who casts metals in various

forms; a caster; <as>as, a <ex>founder</ex> of cannon, bells,

hardware, or types</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Fonder's dust</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Facing</er>,

4.</cd> -- <col>Founder's sand</col>, <cd>a kind of sand suitable

for purposes of molding.</cd></cs>



<hw>Found"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Foundered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Foundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>fondrer</ets> to

fall in, cf. F. <ets>s'effondrer</ets>, fr. <ets>fond</ets>

bottom, L. <ets>fundus</ets>. See <er>Found</er> to

establish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To become

filled with water, and sink, as a ship.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall; to stumble and go lame, as a

horse.</def>



<q>For which his horse fear\'82 gan to turn,

And leep aside, and <qex>foundrede</qex> as he leep.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fail; to miscarry.</def> \'bdAll his tricks

<xex>founder</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Found"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause internal

inflammation and soreness in the feet or limbs of (a horse), so

as to disable or lame him.</def>



<hw>Found"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A lameness in the foot of a horse, occasioned by

inflammation; closh.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An inflammatory

fever of the body, or acute rheumatism; <as>as, chest

<ex>founder</ex></as>. See <er>Chest ffounder</er>.</def>



<au>James White.</au>



<hw>Foun"der*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Difficult

to travel; likely to trip one up; <as>as, a <ex>founderous</ex>

road</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Found"er*shaft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The first shaft sunk.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Found"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Founderies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>fonderie</ets>, fr. <ets>fondre</ets>. See <er>Found</er> to

cast, and cf. <er>Foundry</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Foundry</er>.</def>



<hw>Found"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of smelting and

casting metals.</def>



<hw>Found"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>foundling</ets>, <ets>fundling</ets>; <ets>finden</ets> to

find + <ets>-ling</ets>; cf. <ets>f\'81ndling</ets>,

<ets>findling</ets>. See <er>Find</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and

<er>-ling</er>.]</ety> <def>A deserted or exposed infant; a child

found without a parent or owner.</def>



<cs><col>Foundling hospital</col>, <cd>a hospital for

foundlings.</cd></cs>



<hw>Found"ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

founder; a woman who founds or establishes, or who endows with a

fund.</def>



<hw>Found"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Foundries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See

<er>Foundery</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act, process, or

art of casting metals.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The buildings and works for casting

metals.</def>



<cs><col>Foundry ladle</col>, <cd>a vessel for holding molten

metal and conveying it from cupola to the molds.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fount</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Font</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A font.</def>



<hw>Fount</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>font</ets>,

<ets>funt</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fons</ets>, <ets>fontis</ets>, a

fountain; of uncertain origin, perh. akin to <ets>fundere</ets>

to pour, E. <ets>found</ets> to cast. Cf. <er>Font</er>.]</ety>

<def>A fountain.</def>



<hw>Fount"tain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fontaine</ets>, LL. <ets>fontana</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>fons</ets>, <ets>fontis</ets>. See 2d <er>Fount</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A spring of water issuing from the earth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An artificially produced jet or stream of water;

also, the structure or works in which such a jet or stream rises

or flows; a basin built and constantly supplied with pure water

for drinking and other useful purposes, or for ornament.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A reservoir or chamber to contain a liquid which

can be conducted or drawn off as needed for use; <as>as, the ink

<ex>fountain</ex> in a printing press, etc.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The source from which anything proceeds, or from

which anything is supplied continuously; origin; source.</def>



<q>Judea, the <qex>fountain</qex> of the gospel.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>Author of all being,

<qex>Fountain</qex> of light, thyself invisible.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Air fountain</col>. <cd>See under <er>Air</er>.</cd> --

<col>Fountain heead</col>, <cd>primary source; original; first

principle.</cd> <au>Young.</au> -- <col>Fountain inkstand</col>,

<cd>an inkstand having a continual supply of ink, as from

elevated reservoir.</cd> -- <col>Fountain lamp</col>, <cd>a lamp

fed with oil from an elevated reservoir.</cd> -- <col>Fountain

pen</col>, <cd>a pen with a reservoir in the handle which

furnishes a supply of ink.</cd> -- <col>Fountain pump</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A structure for a fountain, having the form of a

pump.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A portable garden pump which throws a

jet, for watering plants, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fountain shell</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the large West Indian conch shell

(<spn>Strombus gigas</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Fountain of

youth</col>, <cd>a mythical fountain whose waters were fabled to

have the property of renewing youth.</cd></cs>



<hw>Foun"tain*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no fountain;

destitute of springs or sources of water.</def>



<q>Barren desert, <qex>fountainless</qex> and dry.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fount"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

fountains.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Four</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>four</ets>, <ets>fower</ets>, <ets>feower</ets>, AS.

<ets>fe\'a2wer</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fiwar</ets>, D. & G.

<ets>vier</ets>, OHG. <ets>fior</ets>, Icel. <ets>fj<?/rir</ets>,

Sw. <ets>fyra</ets>, Dan. <ets>fire</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fidw<?/r</ets>, Russ. <ets>chetuire</ets>,

<ets>chetvero</ets>, W. <ets>pedwar</ets>, L. <ets>quatuor</ets>,

Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>catur</ets>. <?/ 302. Cf.

<er>Farthing</er>, <er>Firkin</er>, <er>Forty</er>,

<er>Cater</er> four, <er>Quater-cousin</er>, <er>Quatuor</er>,

<er>Quire</er> of paper, <er>tetrarch</er>.]</ety> <def>One more

than three; twice two.</def>



<hw>Four</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sum of four

units; four units or objects.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing four units, as 4 or

iv.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Four things of the same kind, esp. four horses;

<as>as, a chariot and <ex>four</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>All fours</col>. <cd>See <er>All fours</er>, in the

Vocabulary.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fourb</hw>, <hw>Fourbe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A trickly fellow; a

cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn. Denham.</au>



<hw>\'d8Four`ch\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

See <er>Fo<?/</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the ends

forked or branched, and the ends of the branches terminating

abruptly as if cut off; -- said of an ordinary, especially of a

cross.</def>



<hw>\'d8Four`chette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

dim. of <ets>fourche</ets>. See <er>Fork</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A table fork.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small fold of

membrane, connecting the labia in the posterior part of the

vulva.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The wishbone or furculum of

birds.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The frog of the hoof of the horse

and allied animals.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument used to raise

and support the tongue during the cutting of the fr\'91num.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Glove Making)</fld> <def>The forked piece

between two adjacent fingers, to which the front and back

portions are sewed.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Four"-cor`nered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

four corners or angles.</def>



<hw>Four`dri`nier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

machine used in making paper; -- so named from an early inventor

of improvements in this class of machinery.</def>



<hw>Four"fold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fe\'a2werfeold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Four times; quadruple;

<as>as, a <ex>fourfold</ex> division</as>.</def>



<q>He snall restore the lamb <qex>fourfold</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xii. 6.</qau>



<hw>Four"fold`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Four times as many or as

much.</def>



<hw>Four"fold`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make four times as

much or as many, as an assessment,; to quadruple.</def>



<hw>Four"foot`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

four feet; quadruped; <as>as, <ex>fourfooted</ex>

beasts</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Four`gon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>An ammunition

wagon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A French baggage wagon.</def>



<hw>Four"hand`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having four hands; quadrumanous.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Requiring four \'bdhands\'b8 or players; <as>as,

a <ex>fourhanded</ex> game at cards</as>.</def>



<hw>Fou"ri*er*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

co\'94perative socialistic system of Charles <ets>Fourier</ets>,

a Frenchman, who recommended the reorganization of society into

small communities, living in common.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fou"ri*er*ist</hw>, <hw>Fou"ri*er*ite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who adopts the views

of Fourier.</def>



<hw>Four"-in-hand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consisting of four horses controlled by one person; <as>as,

a <ex>four-in-hand</ex> team; drawn by four horses driven by one

person; <as>as, a <ex>four-in-hand</ex> coach</as>.</as></def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A team of four horses driven by one

person; also, a vehicle drawn by such a team.</def></def2>



<q>As quaint a <qex>four-in-hand</qex>

As you shall see.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Four"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of four

children born at the same time.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A compound or twin

crystal consisting of four individuals.</def>



<hw>\'d8Four`neau"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The chamber of a mine in

which the powder is placed.</def>



<hw>Four"-o'clock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Mirabilis</spn>.

There are about half a dozen species, natives of the warmer parts

of America. The common <xex>four-o'clock</xex> is <spn>M.

Jalapa</spn>. Its flowers are white, yellow, and red, and open

toward sunset, or earlier in cloudy weather; hence the name. It

is also called <altname>marvel of Peru</altname>, and

<altname>afternoon lady</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The friar bird; -- so

called from its cry, which resembles these words.</def>



<hw>Four"pence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A British silver coin, worth four pence; a groat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A name formerly given in New England to the

Spanish half real, a silver coin worth six and a quarter

cents.</def>



<hw>Four"-post`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A large

bedstead with tall posts at the corners to support

curtains.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Four"rier</hw> <pr>(?; F. <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. OF. <ets>forre</ets>. See <er>Forage</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A harbinger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Four"score`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Four</ets> + <ets>core</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Four times twenty; eighty.</def>



<hw>Four"score`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The product of four

times twenty; eighty units or objects.</def>



<hw>Four"square`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

four sides and four equal angles.</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Four"teen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fourtene</ets>, <ets>feowertene</ets>, AS.

<ets>fe\'a2wert<?/ne</ets>, <ets>fe\'a2wert<?/ne</ets>. See

<er>Four</er>, and <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Forty</er>.]</ety>

<def>Four and ten more; twice seven.</def>



<hw>Four"teen`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sum of

ten and four; forteen units or objects.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing fourteen, as 14 or

xiv.</def>



<hw>Four"teenth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>fourtende</ets>, <ets>fourtethe</ets>, AS.

<ets>fe\'a2werteo<edh/a</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Next in

order after the thirteenth; <as>as, the <ex>fourteenth</ex> day

of the month</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Making or constituting one of fourteen equal

parts into which anything may be derived.</def>



<hw>Four"teenth`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of

fourteen equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the

quotient of a unit divided by fourteen; one next after the

thirteenth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The octave of the

seventh.</def>



<hw>Fourth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fourthe</ets>, <ets>ferthe</ets>, <ets>feorthe</ets>, AS.

<ets>fe\'a2r<edh/a</ets>, fr. <ets>fe\'a2wer</ets> four.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Next in order after the third; the ordinal of

four.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Forming one of four equal parts into which

anything may be divided.</def>



<hw>Fourth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of four equal

parts into which one whole may be divided; the quotient of a unit

divided by four; one coming next in order after the third.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval of two tones and

a semitone, embracing four diatonic degrees of the scale; the

subdominant of any key.</def>



<cs><col>The Fourth</col>, <cd>specifically, un the United

States, the fourth day of July, the anniversary of the

declaration of American independence; as, to celebrate <xex>the

Fourth<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fourth"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the fourth

place.</def>



<hw>Four"-way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Allowing

passage in either of four directions; <as>as, a <ex>four-way</ex>

cock, or valve</as>.</def>



<au>Francis.</au>



<cs><col>Four-way cock</col>, <cd>a cock connected with four

pipes or ports, and having two or more passages in the plug, by

which the adjacent pipes or ports may be made to communicate;

formerly used as a valve in the steam engine, and now for various

other purposes. In the illustration, <xex>a<xex> leads to the

upper end of a steam engine cylinder, and <xex>b<xex> to the

lower end; <xex>c<xex> is the steam pipe, and <xex>d<xex> the

exhaust pipe.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 591 -->



<hw>Four"-wheeled`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

four wheels.</def>



<hw>Four"-wheel`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

vehicle having four wheels.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fous"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Natibe

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A viverrine animal of

Madagascar (<spn>Cryptoprocta ferox</spn>). It resembles a cat in

size and form, and has retractile claws.</def>



<hw>Fou"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>foutre</ets> to lecher, L. <ets>futuere</ets>. Cf.

<er>Fouty</er>.]</ety> <def>A despicable fellow.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Brockett.</au>



<hw>Fou"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fouter</er>.]</ety> <def>A fig; -- a word of contempt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>foutra</qex> for the world and wordlings base!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fou"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>foutu</ets>, p.p. of <ets>foutre</ets>; OF. <ets>foutu</ets>

scoundrel. See <er>Fouter</er>.]</ety> <def>Despicable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fo"ve*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fove\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a small

pit.]</ety> <def>A slight depression or pit; a fossa.</def>



<hw>Fo"ve*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fovea</ets> a pit.]</ety> <def>Having pits or depressions;

pitted.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fo*ve"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Foveol\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L.

<ets>fovea</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small depression or pit; a

fovea.</def>



<hw>Fo"ve*o*late</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having small pits or depression, as the receptacle in some

composite flowers.</def>



<hw>Fo"ve*o*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Foveolate.</def>



<hw>Fo*vil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fovill\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Dim. fr. L.

<ets>fovere to cherish</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One

of the fine granules contained in the protoplasm of a pollen

grain.</def>



<hw>Fowl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <plu> <note>Instead of

the <it>pl.</it> <plw>Fowls</plw> the singular is often used

collectively</note></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>foul</ets>,

<ets>fowel</ets>, <ets>foghel</ets>, <ets>fuhel</ets>,

<ets>fugel</ets>, AS. <ets>fugol</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>fugal</ets> D. & G. <ets>vogel</ets>, OHG. <ets>fogal</ets>,

Icel. & Dan. <ets>fugl</ets>, Sw. <ets>fogel</ets>,

<ets>f\'86gel</ets>, Goth. <ets>fugls</ets>; of unknown origin,

possibly by loss of <ets>l</ets>, from the root of E.

<ets>fly</ets>, or akin to E. <ets>fox</ets>, as being a tailed

animal.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any bird; esp., any large edible

bird.</def>



<q>Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the

<qex>fowl</qex> of the air.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 26.</qau>



<q>Behold the <qex>fowls</qex> of the air; for they sow not.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 26.</qau>



<q>Like a flight of <qex>fowl</qex>

Scattered by winds and high tempestuous gusts.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen,

turkey, duck; in a more restricted sense, the common domestic

cock or hen (<spn>Gallus domesticus</spn>).</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Barndoor fowl</col>, <or/ <col>Barnyard

fowl</col></mcol>, <cd>a fowl that frequents the barnyard; the

common domestic cock or hen.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fowl</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fowled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fowling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To catch or kill wild fowl,

for game or food, as by shooting, or by decoys, nets, etc.</def>



<q>Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or

<qex>fowl</qex>.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<cs><col>Fowling piece</col>, <cd>a light gun with smooth bore,

adapted for the use of small shot in killing birds or small

quadrupeds.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fowl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sportsman who

pursues wild fowl, or takes or kills for food.</def>



<hw>Fow"ler*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Dr.

Samuel <ets>Fowler</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety

of rhodonite, from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, containing some

zinc.</def>



<hw>Fow"ler's so*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>. An <?/quenous

solution of arsenite of potassium, of such strength that one

hundred parts represent one part of arsenious acid, or white

arsenic; -- named from <xex>Fowler</xex>, an English physician

who first brought it into use.</def>



<hw>Fox</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Foxes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>fox</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>vos</ets>, G. <ets>fuchs</ets>, OHG.

<ets>fuhs</ets>, <ets>foha</ets>, Goth. <ets>fa\'a3h<?/</ets>,

Icel. <ets>f<?/a</ets> fox, <ets>fox</ets> fraud; of unknown

origin, cf. Skr. <ets>puccha</ets> tail. Cf.

<er>Vixen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

carnivorous animal of the genus <spn>Vulpes</spn>, family

<spn>Canid\'91</spn>, of many species. The European fox (<spn>V.

vulgaris</spn> or <spn>V. vulpes</spn>), the American red fox

(<spn>V. fulvus</spn>), the American gray fox (<spn>V.

Virginianus</spn>), and the arctic, white, or blue, fox (<spn>V.

lagopus</spn>) are well-known species.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>black</xex> or <xex>silver-gray</xex> fox

is a variety of the American red fox, producing a fur of great

value; the <xex>cross-gray</xex> and <xex>woods-gray</xex> foxes

are other varieties of the same species, of less value. The

common foxes of Europe and America are very similar; both are

celebrated for their craftiness. They feed on wild birds,

poultry, and various small animals.</note>



<q>Subtle as the <qex>fox</qex> for prey.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European

dragonet.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fox shark or thrasher

shark; -- called also <altname>sea fox</altname>. See

<cref>Thrasher shark</cref>, under <er>Shark</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sly, cunning fellow.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>We call a crafty and cruel man a <qex>fox</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beattie.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Rope yarn twisted together,

and rubbed with tar; -- used for seizings or mats.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A sword; -- so called from the stamp of a

<xex>fox</xex> on the blade, or perhaps of a wolf taken for a

fox.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thou diest on point of <qex>fox</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Enthnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe

of Indians which, with the Sacs, formerly occupied the region

about Green Bay, Wisconsin; -- called also

<altname>Outagamies</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Fox and geese</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A boy's game, in

which one boy tries to catch others as they run one goal to

another.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A game with sixteen checkers, or

some substitute for them, one of which is called the

<xex>fox<xex>, and the rest the <xex>geese<xex>; the

<xex>fox<xex>, whose first position is in the middle of the

board, endeavors to break through the line of the geese, and the

geese to pen up the fox.</cd> -- <col>Fox bat</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fruit bat of the genus

<spn>Pteropus</spn>, of many species, inhabiting Asia, Africa,

and the East Indies, esp. <spn>P. medius</spn> of India. Some of

the species are more than four feet across the outspread wings.

See <er>Fruit bat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fox bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt

having a split end to receive a fox wedge.</cd> -- <col>Fox

brush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the tail of a fox.</cd> --

<col>Fox evil</col>, <cd>a disease in which the hair falls off;

alopecy.</cd> -- <col>Fox grape</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

name of two species of American grapes. The northern fox grape

(<spn>Vitis Labrusca</spn>) is the origin of the varieties called

<xex>Isabella<xex>, <xex>Concord<xex>, <xex>Hartford<xex>, etc.,

and the southern fox grape (<spn>Vitis vulpina</spn>) has

produced the <xex>Scuppernong<xex>, and probably the

<xex>Catawba<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Fox hunter</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>One who pursues foxes with hounds.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

horse ridden in a fox chase.</cd> -- <col>Fox shark</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the thrasher shark. See <cref>Thrasher

shark</cref>, under <er>Thrasher</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fox

sleep</col>, <cd>pretended sleep.</cd> -- <col>Fox sparrow</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large American sparrow

(<spn>Passerella iliaca</spn>); -- so called on account of its

reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Fox squirrel</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large North American squirrel

(<spn>Sciurus niger</spn>, or <spn>S. cinereus</spn>). In the

Southern States the black variety prevails; farther north the

fulvous and gray variety, called the <xex>cat squirrel<xex>, is

more common.</cd> -- <col>Fox terrier</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a peculiar breed of terriers,

used in hunting to drive foxes from their holes, and for other

purposes. There are rough- and smooth-haired varieties.</cd> --

<col>Fox trot</col>, <cd>a pace like that which is adopted for a

few steps, by a horse, when passing from a walk into a trot, or a

trot into a walk.</cd> -- <col>Fox wedge</col> <fld>(Mach. &

Carpentry)</fld>, <cd>a wedge for expanding the split end of a

bolt, cotter, dowel, tenon, or other piece, to fasten the end in

a hole or mortise and prevent withdrawal. The wedge abuts on the

bottom of the hole and the piece is driven down upon it.

Fastening by fox wedges is called <xex>foxtail wedging<xex>.</cd>

-- <col>Fox wolf</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several

South American wild dogs, belonging to the genus

<spn>Canis</spn>. They have long, bushy tails like a

fox.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fox</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Foxed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Foxing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fox</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, cf. Icel. <ets>fox</ets> imposture.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To intoxicate; to stupefy with drink.</def>



<q>I drank . . . so much wine that I was almost

<qex>foxed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make sour, as beer, by causing it to

ferment.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To repair the feet of, as of boots, with new

front upper leather, or to piece the upper fronts of.</def>



<hw>Fox</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To turn sour; -- said of

beer, etc., when it sours in fermenting.</def>



<hw>Fox"earth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hole in

the earth to which a fox resorts to hide himself.</def>



<hw>Fra"cas</hw> <pr>(?; F. <?/; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., crash, din, tumult, It. <ets>fracasso</ets>, fr.

<ets>fracassare</ets> to break in pieces, perh. fr.

<ets>fra</ets> within, among (L. <ets>infra</ets>) +

<ets>cassare</ets> to annul, cashier. Cf. <er>Cashier</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>An uproar; a noisy quarrel; a

disturbance; a brawl.</def>



<hw>Fracho</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shallow iron

pan to hold glass ware while being annealed.</def>



<hw>Frac"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fracidus</ets> mellow, soft.]</ety> <def>Rotten from being

too ripe; overripe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Fract</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fractus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>frangere</ets> to break.]</ety>

<def>To break; to violate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Frac"ted</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a

part displaced, as if broken; -- said of an ordinary.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Foxed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Discolored or stained; -- said of timber, and also of the

paper of books or engravings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Repaired by foxing; <as>as, <ex>foxed</ex>

boots</as>.</def>



<hw>Fox"e*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Behavior like

that of a fox; <?/unning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fox"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fox</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

7.</def>



<hw>Fox"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fox shark; -- called

also <altname>sea fox</altname>. See <cref>Thrasher shark</cref>,

under <er>Shark</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The european

dragonet. See <er>Dragonet</er>.</def>



<hw>Fox"glove`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>AS</ets>. <ets>foxes-gl<?/fa</ets>,

<ets>foxes-clife</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant

of the genus <spn>Digitalis</spn>. The common English foxglove

(<spn>Digitalis purpurea</spn>) is a handsome perennial or

biennial plant, whose leaves are used as a powerful medicine,

both as a sedative and diuretic. See <er>Digitalis</er>.</def>



<q>Pan through the pastures oftentimes hath run

To pluck the speckled <qex>foxgloves</qex> from their stem.</q>

<qau>W. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Fox"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a special breed of hounds used

for chasing foxes.</def>



<hw>Fox"-hunt`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to or engaged in the hunting of foxes; fond of

hunting foxes.</def>



<hw>Fox"i*neess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state or quality of being foxy, or foxlike; craftiness;

shrewdness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being foxed or discolored, as

books; decay; deterioration.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A coarse and sour taste in grapes.</def>



<hw>Fox"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Foxlike.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fox"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a

fox in his characteristic qualities; cunning; artful; foxy.</def>



<hw>Fox"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Foxlike.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Foxly</xex> craft.\'b8



<au>Latimer.</au>



<hw>Fox"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Foxiness; craftiness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fox"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The tail or brush of a fox.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several kinds of

grass having a soft dense head of flowers, mostly the species of

<spn>Alopecurus</spn> and <spn>Setaria</spn>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The last cinders obtained in

the fining process.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<cs><col>Foxtail saw</col>, <cd>a dovetail saw.</cd> --

<col>Foxtail wedging</col>. <cd>See <cref>Fox wedge</cref>, under

<er>Fox</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fox"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like

or pertaining to the fox; foxlike in disposition or looks;

wily.</def>



<q>Modred's narrow, <qex>foxy</qex> face.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the color of a fox; of a yellowish or

reddish brown color; -- applied sometimes to paintings when they

have too much of this color.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having the odor of a fox; rank; strong

smeelling.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Sour; unpleasant in taste; -- said of wine,

beer, etc., not properly fermented; -- also of grapes which have

the coarse flavor of the fox grape.</def>



<hw>Foy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>foi</ets>,

old spelling <ets>foy</ets>, faith. See <er>Faith</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Faith; allegiance; fealty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A feast given by one about to leave a

place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He did at the Dog give me, and some other friends of his, his

<qex>foy</qex>, he being to set sail to-day.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Foy`er"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

LL. <ets>focarium</ets> fireplace. See <er>Focus</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lobby in a theater; a

greenroom.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The crucible or basin in a furnace which

receives the molten metal.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Foy"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Foison</er>.</def>



<hw>Fo"zi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

being fozy; spiritlessness; dullness.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>[The Whigs'] <qex>foziness</qex> can no longer be

concealed.</q>

<qau>Blackwood's.</qau>



<hw>Fo"zy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Spongy; soft; fat

and puffy.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Fra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. & prep.</pos>

<ety>[OE.]</ety> <def>Fro.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Fra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., for

<ets>frate</ets>. See <er>Friar</er>.]</ety> <def>Brother; -- a

title of a monk of friar; <as>as, <ex>Fra</ex> Angelo</as>.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Frab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To scold;

to nag.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Frab"bit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Crabbed;

peevish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Frac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fraction</ets>, L. <ets>fractio</ets> a breaking, fr.

<ets>frangere</ets>, <ets>fractum</ets>, to break. See

<er>Break</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of breaking, or

state of being broken, especially by violence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Neither can the natural body of Christ be subject to any

<qex>fraction</qex> or breaking up.</q>

<qau>Foxe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A portion; a fragment.</def>



<q>Some niggard <qex>fractions</qex> of an hour.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arith. or Alg.)</fld> <def>One or more aliquot

parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite

portion of a unit or magnitude.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Common, <or/ Vulgar</col>,

<col>fraction</col></mcol>, <cd>a fraction in which the number of

equal parts into which the integer is supposed to be divided is

indicated by figures or letters, called the

<xex>denominator<xex>, written below a line, over which is the

<xex>numerator<xex>, indicating the number of these parts

included in the fraction; as <frac12/, one half, <frac25/, two

fifths.</cd> -- <col>Complex fraction</col>, <cd>a fraction

having a fraction or mixed number in the numerator or

denominator, or in both.</cd> <au>Davies & Peck.</au> --

<col>Compound fraction</col>, <cd>a fraction of a fraction; two

or more fractions connected by <xex>of<xex>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Continued fraction</col>, <col>Decimal fraction</col>,

<col>Partial fraction</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under

<er>Continued</er>, <er>Decimal</er>, <er>Partial</er>, etc.</cd>

-- <col>Improper fraction</col>, <cd>a fraction in which the

numerator is greater than the denominator.</cd> -- <col>Proper

fraction</col>, <cd>a fraction in which the numerator is less

than the denominator.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frac"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To

separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional distillation

or crystallization; to fractionate; -- frequently used with

<xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>fraction</ex> out a certain grade

of oil from pretroleum</as>.</def>



<hw>Frac"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction; constituting a

fraction; <as>as, <ex>fractional</ex> numbers</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant;

<as>as, a <ex>fractional</ex> part of the population</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Fractional crystallization</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>a process of gradual and approximate purification and

separation, by means of repeated solution and crystallization

therefrom.</cd> -- <col>Fractional currency</col>, <cd>small

coin, or paper notes, in circulation, of less value than the

monetary unit.</cd> -- <col>Fractional distillation</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a process of distillation so conducted

that a mixture of liquids, differing considerably from each other

in their boiling points, can be separated into its

constituents.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frac"tion*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By fractions or

separate portions; <as>as, to distill a liquid

<ex>fractionally</ex>, that is, so as to separate different

portions</as>.</def>



<hw>Frac"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fractional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Frac"tion*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

separate into different portions or fractions, as in the

distillation of liquids.</def>



<hw>Frac"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov.

E. <ets>frack</ets> forward, eager, E. <ets>freak</ets>,

<ets>fridge</ets>; or Prov. E. <ets>fratch</ets> to squabble,

quarrel.]</ety> <def>Apt to break out into a passion; apt to

scold; cross; snappish; ugly; unruly; <as>as, a

<ex>fractious</ex> man; a <ex>fractious</ex> horse.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Snappish; peevish; waspish; cross; irritable;

perverse; pettish.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Frac"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>v.</pos> --

<wf>Frac"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Frac"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or consequent on, a fracture.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Frac"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fractura</ets>, fr. <ets>frangere</ets>, <ets>fractum</ets>,

to break: cf. F. <ets>fracture</ets>. See

<er>Fraction</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of breaking or

snapping asunder; rupture; breach.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The breaking of a bone.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The texture of a freshly

broken surface; <as>as, a compact <ex>fracture</ex>; an even,

hackly, or conchoidal <ex>fracture</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>Comminuted fracture</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a

fracture in which the bone is broken into several parts.</cd> --

<col>Complicated fracture</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a

fracture of the bone combined with the lesion of some artery,

nervous trunk, or joint.</cd> -- <col>Compound fracture</col>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a fracture in which there is an open

wound from the surface down to the fracture.</cd> -- <col>Simple

fracture</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a fracture in which the

bone only is ruptured. It does not communicate with the surface

by an open wound.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fracture</er>, <er>Rupture</er>.</syn>

<usage>These words denote different kinds of <xex>breaking</xex>,

according to the objects to which they are applied.

<xex>Fracture</xex> is applied to hard substances; as, the

<xex>fracture</xex> of a bone. <xex>Rupture</xex> is oftener

applied to soft substances; as, the <xex>rupture</xex> of a blood

vessel. It is also used figuratively. \'bdTo be an enemy and once

to have been a friend, does it not embitter the

<xex>rupture</xex>?\'b8</usage>



<au>South.</au>



<-- p. 592 -->



<hw>Frac"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fractured</er> <pr>(#;

135)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>.

<er>Fracturing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fracturer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cause a fracture or

fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate

the continuous parts of; <as>as, to <ex>fracture</ex> a bone; to

<ex>fracture</ex> the skull.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8Fr\'91n"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fr\'91nula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L.

<ets>fraenum</ets> a bridle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A

fr\'91num.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fr\'91"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Fre"num</hw> 

}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Fr\'91nums</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Fr\'91na</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[L., a bridle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A connecting

fold of membrane serving to support or restrain any part; <as>as,

the <ex>fr\'91num</ex> of the tongue</as>.</def>



<hw>Frag"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fragilis</ets>, from <ets>frangere</ets> to break; cf. F.

<ets>fragile</ets>. See <er>Break</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Frail</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Easily broken; brittle;

frail; delicate; easily destroyed.</def>



<q>The state of ivy is tough, and not <qex>fragile</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Brittle; infirm; weak; frail; frangible;

slight.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Frag"ile*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fra*gil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fragilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fragilit\'82</ets>. Cf.

<er>Frailty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition or

quality of being fragile; brittleness; frangibility.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Weakness; feebleness.</def>



<q>An appearance of delicacy, and even of <qex>fragility</qex>,

is almost essential to it [beauty].</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liability to error and sin; frailty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>fragility</qex> and youthful folly of Qu. Fabius.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Frag"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fragmentum</ets>, fr. frangere to break: cf. F.

<ets>fragment</ets>. See <er>Break</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect

part; <as>as, a <ex>fragment</ex> of an ancient

writing</as>.</def>



<q>Gather up the <qex>fragments</qex> that remain.</q>

<qau>John vi. 12.</qau>



<hw>Frag*men"tak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Fragmentary.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Consisting of the pulverized

or fragmentary material of rock, as conglomerate, shale,

etc.</def>



<hw>Frag*men"tal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A

fragmentary rock.</def>



<hw>Frag"men*ta*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

a fragmentary manner; piecemeal.</def>



<hw>Frag"men*ta*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

property of being in fragnebts, or broken pieces, incompleteness;

want of continuity.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Frag"men*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fragmentaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Composed of

fragments, or broken pieces; disconnected; not complete or

entire.</def>



<au>Donne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Composed of the fragments of

other rocks.</def>



<hw>Frag"ment*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Broken

into fragments.</def>



<hw>Frag"ment*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer of fragments;

<as>as, the <ex>fragmentist</ex> of Wolfenb\'81ttel</as>.

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fra"gor</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

breaking to pieces, fr. <ets>frangere</ets> to break.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A loud and sudden sound; the report of anything

bursting; a crash.</def>



<au>I. Watts.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <note>[Due to confusion with

<xex>fragrant</xex>.]</note> <def>A strong or sweet scent.</def>

<mark>[Obs. & Illegitimate.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fra"grance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fra"gran*cy</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fragrantia</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>fragrance</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet

smell; a pleasing odor; perfume.</def>



<q>Eve separate he spies,

Veiled in a cloud of <qex>fragrance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The goblet crowned,

Breathed aromatic <qex>fragrancies</qex> around.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Fra"grant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>[<???/L.

<xex>fragrans</xex>. -<xex>antis</xex>, p.pr. of

<xex>fragrare</xex> to emit a smell of fragrance: cf. OF.

<xex>fragrant</xex>. Affecting the olfactory nerves agreeably;

sweet of smell; odorous; having or emitting an agreeable

perfume.</def>



<q><qex>Fragrant</qex> the fertile earth

After soft showers.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; swetacented;

redolent; ambrosial; balmy; spicy; aromatic. --

<wordforms><wf>Fra"grant*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></syn></wordforms>



<hw>Fraight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Fraught</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Frail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fraiel</ets>, <ets>fraile</ets>, OF. <ets>fraiel</ets>,

<ets>freel</ets>, <ets>frael</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>fraellum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A basket made of rushes, used

chiefly for containing figs and raisins.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quantity of raisins -- about thirty-two,

fifty-six, or seventy-five pounds, -- contained in a frail.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A rush for weaving baskets.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Frail</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Frailer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl</pos>.

<er>Frailest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>frele</ets>,

<ets>freile</ets>, OF. <ets>fraile</ets>, <ets>frele</ets>, F.

<ets>fr\'88le</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fragilis</ets>. See

<er>Fragile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Easily broken; fragile;

not firm or durable; liable to fail and perish; easily destroyed;

not tenacious of life; weak; infirm.</def>



<q>That I may know how <qex>frail</qex> I am.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxix. 4.</qau>



<q>An old bent man, worn and <qex>frail</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Deep indignation and compassion.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liable to fall from virtue or be led into sin;

not strong against temptation; weak in resolution; also,

unchaste; -- often applied to fallen women.</def>



<q>Man is <qex>frail</qex>, and prone to evil.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Frail"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Weakly; infirmly.</def>



<hw>Frail"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Frailty.</def>



<hw>Frail"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Frailties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>frelete</ets>, <ets>freilte</ets>, OF.

<ets>frailet\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fragilitas</ets>. See

<er>Frail</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Fragility</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition quality of being frail,

physically, mentally, or morally, frailness; infirmity; weakness

of resolution; liableness to be deceived or seduced.</def>



<q>God knows our <qex>frailty</qex>, [and] pities our

weakness.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fault proceeding from weakness; foible; sin of

infirmity.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Frailness; fragility; imperfection; failing.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Frai"scheur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.; F

<ets>fraicheur</ets>, fr. <ets>frais</ets>, fem.

<ets>fra<?/che</ets>, fresh; of German origin. See

<er>Frash</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Freshness;

coolness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fraise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Froise</er>.]</ety> <def>A large and thick pancake, with

slices of bacon in it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fraise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fraise</ets>, orig., a ruff, cf. F. <ets>frise</ets> frieze,

E. <ets>frieze</ets> a coarse stuff.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A defense consisting of pointed stakes

driven into the ramparts in a horizontal or inclined

position.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A fluted reamer for enlarging

holes in stone; a small milling cutter.</def>



<hw>Fraise</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To

protect, as a line of troops, against an onset of cavalry, by

opposing bayonets raised obliquely forward.</def>



<au>Wilhelm.</au>



<hw>Fraised</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fortified with

a fraise.</def>



<hw>Frak"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

freckle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A few <qex>fraknes</qex> in his face.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Fram"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being framed.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fram*b\'91"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

& NL., fr. F. <ets>framboise</ets> raspberry.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The yaws. See <er>Yaws</er>.</def>



<hw>Frame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Framed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Framing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>framen</ets>, <ets>fremen</ets>, to execute,

build, AS. <ets>fremman</ets> to further, perform, effect, fr.

<ets>fram</ets> strong, valiant; akin to E. <ets>foremost</ets>,

and prob. to AS. <ets>fram</ets> from, Icel. <ets>fremja</ets>,

<ets>frama</ets>, to further, <ets>framr</ets> forward, G.

<ets>fromm</ets> worthy, excellent, pious. See <er>Foremost</er>,

<er>From</er>, and cf. <er>Furnish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld> <def>To construct by fitting and

uniting the several parts of the skeleton of any structure;

specifically, in woodwork, to put together by cutting parts of

one member to fit parts of another. See <er>Dovetail</er>,

<er>Halve</er>, <xex>v. t.</xex>, <er>Miter</er>, <er>Tenon</er>,

<er>Tooth</er>, <er>Tusk</er>, <er>Scarf</er>, and

<er>Splice</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To originate; to plan; to devise; to contrive;

to compose; in a bad sense, to invent or fabricate, as something

false.</def>



<q>How many excellent reasonings are <qex>framed</qex> in the

mind of a man of wisdom and study in a length of years.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fit to something else, or for some specific

end; to adjust; to regulate; to shape; to conform.</def>



<q>And <qex>frame</qex> my face to all occasions.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>We may in some measure <qex>frame</qex> our minds for the

reception of happiness.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<q>The human mind is <qex>framed</qex> to be influenced.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause; to bring about; to produce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Fear <qex>frames</qex> disorder, and disorder wounds.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To support.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>



<q>That on a staff his feeble steps did <qex>frame</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To provide with a frame, as a picture.</def>



<hw>Frame</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shape; to

arrange, as the organs of speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Judg. xii. 6.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To proceed; to go.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The bauty of this sinful dame

Made many princes thither <qex>frame</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Frame</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything composed

of parts fitted and united together; a fabric; a structure; esp.,

the constructional system, whether of timber or metal, that gives

to a building, vessel, etc., its model and strength; the skeleton

of a structure.</def>



<q>These are thy glorius works, Parent of good,

Almighty! thine this universal <qex>frame</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The bodily structure; physical constitution;

make or build of a person.</def>



<q>Some bloody passion shakes your very <qex>frame</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>No <qex>frames</qex> could be strong enough to endure it.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of open case or structure made for

admitting, inclosing, or supporting things, as that which

incloses or contains a window, door, picture, etc.; that on which

anything is held or stretched</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

skeleton structure which supports the boiler and machinery of a

locomotive upon its wheels</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A molding box or flask, which being

filled with sand serves as a mold for castings</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The ribs and stretchers of an umbrella or other

structure with a fabric covering</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A

structure of four bars, adjustable in size, on which cloth, etc.,

is stretched for quilting, embroidery, etc.</def> <sd>(e)</sd>

<fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A glazed portable structure for

protecting young plants from frost</def>. <sd>(f)</sd>

<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A stand to support the type cases for

use by the compositor.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A term applied, especially in

England, to certain machines built upon or within framework;

<as>as, a stocking <ex>frame</ex>; lace <ex>frame</ex>; spinning

<ex>frame</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Form; shape; proportion; scheme; structure;

constitution; system; <as>as, a <ex>frame</ex>of

government</as>.</def>



<q>She that hath a heart of that fine <qex>frame</qex>

To pay this debt of love but to a brother.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Put your discourse into some <qex>frame</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Particular state or disposition, as of the mind;

humor; temper; mood; <as>as, to be always in a happy

<ex>frame</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Contrivance; the act of devising or

scheming.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>John the bastard

Whose spirits toil in <qex>frame</qex> of villainies.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Balloon frame</col>, <col>Cant

frames</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Balloon</er>,

<er>Cant</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Frame</col> <col>building

<or/ house</col>, <cd>a building of which the form and support is

made of framed timbers.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Frame

level</col></mcol>, <cd>a mason's level.</cd> -- <col>Frame

saw</col>, <cd>a thin saw stretched in a frame to give it

rigidity.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fram"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who frames;

<as>as, the <ex>framer</ex> of a building; the <ex>framers</ex>

of the Constitution.</as></def>



<hw>Frame"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The work of framing, or the completed work; the frame or

constructional part of anything; <as>as, the <ex>framework</ex>

of society</as>.</def>



<q>A staunch and solid piece of <qex>framework</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Work done in, or by means of, a frame or

loom.</def>



<hw>Fram"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act,

process, or style of putting together a frame, or of constructing

anything; a frame; that which frames.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld> <def>A framework, or a

sy<?/ of frames.</def>



<cs><col>Framing chisel</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy

chisel with a socket shank for making mortises.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fram"pel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fram"poid</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Also written

<ets>frampul</ets>, <ets>frampled</ets>,

<ets>framfold</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>fframfol</ets>

passionate, <ets>ffrom</ets> angry, fretting; or perh. akin to E.

<ets>frump</ets>.]</ety> <def>Peevish; cross; vexatious;

quarrelsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Is Pompey grown so malapert, so <qex>frampel</qex>?</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Franc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>franc</ets> a Franc. See <er>Frank</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A silver coin of France, and since 1795

the unit of the French monetary system. It has been adopted by

Belgium and Swizerland. It is equivalent to about nineteen cents,

or ten pence, and is divided into 100 centimes.</def>



<hw>Fran"chise</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>franc</ets>, fem. <ets>franche</ets>, free.

See <er>Frank</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom;

liberty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(LAw)</fld> <def>A particular privilege

conferred by grant from a sovereign or a government, and vested

in individuals; an imunity or exemption from ordinary

jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or privilege,

esp. the right to vote.</def>



<q>Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the

Constitution, is the one crowning <qex>franchise</qex> of the

American people.</q>

<qau>W. H. Seward.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The district or jurisdiction to which a

particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence,

an asylum or sanctuary.</def>



<q>Churches and mobasteries in Spain are <qex>franchises</qex>

for criminals.</q>

<qau>London Encyc.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness;

nobility.</def> \'bd<xex>Franchise</xex> in woman.\'b8

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Elective franchise</col>, <cd>the privilege or right of

voting in an election of public officers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fran"chise</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Franchised</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Franchising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>franchir</ets> to free, F., to cross.]</ety> <def>To make

free; to enfranchise; to give liberty to.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fran"chise*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>franchissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Release; deliverance;

freedom.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fran"cic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frank</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the

Franks, or their language; Frankish.</def>



<hw>Fran*cis"can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>Franciscus</ets> Francis: cf. F.

<ets>franciscain</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>

<def>Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the

Franciscans.</def>



<cs><col>Franciscan Brothers</col>, <cd>pious laymen who devote

themselves to useful works, such as manual labor schools, and

other educational institutions; -- called also <altname>Brothers

of the Third Order of St. Francis</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Franciscan Nuns</col>, <cd>nuns who follow the rule of t.

Francis, esp. those of the Second Order of St. Francis, -- called

also <altname>Poor Clares</altname> or

<altname>Minoresses</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Franciscan

Tertiaries</col>, <cd>the Third Order of St. Francis.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fran*cis"can</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A

monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis, a large and zealous

order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St. Francis of

Assisi. They are called also <altname>Friars Minor</altname>; and

in England, <altname>Gray Friars</altname>, because they wear a

gray habit.</def>



<hw>Fran"co*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.; cf.

It. <ets>francolino</ets>, Sp. <ets>francolin</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spurred partidge of the genus

<spn>Francolinus</spn> and allied genera, of Asia and Africa. The

common species (<spn>F. vulgaris</spn>) was formerly common in

southern Europe, but is now nearly restricted to Asia.</def>



<hw>Fran"co*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of apatite from Wheal

<ets>Franco</ets> in Devonshire.</def>



<hw>Fran"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frangens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>frangere</ets>. See

<er>Fraction</er>.]</ety> <def>Causing fracture; breaking.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>H. Walpole.</au>



<hw>Fran`gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>frangibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality

of being frangible.</def>



<au>Fox.</au>



<hw>Fran"gi*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>frangible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being broken;

brittle; fragile; easily broken.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fran"gi*pane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>frangipane</ets>; supposed to be called so from the

inventor, the Marquis <ets>Frangipani</ets>, major general under

Louis XIV.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A perfume of jasmine;

frangipani.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A species of pastry, containing cream and

almonds.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fran`gi*pan"i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Fran`gi*pan"ni</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Another spelling of <ets>frangipane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

perfume derived from, or imitating the odor of, the flower of the

red jasmine, a West Indian tree of the genus

<spn>Plumeria</spn>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fran*gu"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fran`gu*lin"ic</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or drived from, frangulin, or a species

(<spn>Rhamnus Frangula</spn>) of the buckthorn.</def>



<cs><col>Frangulinic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow

crystalline substance, resembling alizarin, and obtained by the

decomposition of frangulin.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fran"gu*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline dyestuff, regarded

as a glucoside, extracted from a species (<spn>Rhamnus

Frangula</spn>) of the buckthorn; -- called also

<altname>rhamnoxanthin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fran"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. from F.

<ets>fain\'82ant</ets> an idler.]</ety> <def>A paramour; a loose

woman; also, a gay, idle fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Frank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>franc</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pigsty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Frank</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shut up in a frank or

sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to fatten.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Frank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

common heron; -- so called from its note.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<-- p. 593 -->



<hw>Frank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar</pos> <er>Franker</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Frankest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>franc</ets> free, frank, L. <ets>Francus</ets> a Frank, fr.

OHG. <ets>Franko</ets> the name of a Germanic people on the

Rhine, who afterward founded the French monarchy; cf. AS.

<ets>franca</ets> javelin, Icel. <ets>frakka</ets>. Cf.

<er>Franc</er>, <er>French</er>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<er>Franchise</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdIt is of <xex>frank</xex> gift.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not

reserved; using no disguise; candid; ingenuous; <as>as, a

<ex>frank</ex> nature, conversation, manner, etc.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liberal; generous; profuse.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Frank</qex> of civilities that cost them nothing.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Unrestrained; loose; licentious; -- used in a

bad sense.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved;

undisguised; sincere. See <er>Candid</er>,

<er>Ingenuous</er>.</syn>



<hw>Frank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Franked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Franking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To send by

public conveyance free of expense.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter,

package, or packet, etc.</def>



<hw>Frank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Frank</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The privilege of sending letters or

other mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the

sign, mark, or signature denoting that a letter or other mail

matter is to free of postage.</def>

<-- = franking privelege -->



<q>I have said so much, that, if I had not a <qex>frank</qex>, I

must burn my letter and begin again.</q>

<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Frank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>franc</ets>. See

<er>Frank</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A member of one of the German tribes

that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul, and

established the kingdom of France.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a

European; -- a term used in the Levant.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A French coin. See <er>Franc</er>.</def>



<hw>Frank`al*moigne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>franc</ets> free + Norm. F. <ets>almoigne</ets> alma, for

<ets>almosne</ets>, F. <ets>aum\'93ne</ets>. See <er>Frank</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and <er>Almoner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>

<def>A tenure by which a religious corporation holds lands given

to them and their successors forever, usually on condition of

praying for the soul of the donor and his heirs; -- called also

<altname>tenure by free alms</altname>.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Frank"-chase`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>chase</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>The liberty or franchise of having a chase; free

chase.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Frank"-fee`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>fee</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A species of tenure in fee simple, being the

opposite of ancient demesne, or copyhold.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Frank"fort black`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>. A black pigment

used in copperplate printing, prepared by burning vine twigs, the

lees of wine, etc.</def>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Frank"in*cense</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>franc</ets> free, pure + <ets>encens</ets> incense.]</ety>

<def>A fragrant, aromatic resin, or gum resin, burned as an

incense in religious rites or for medicinal fumigation. The best

kinds now come from East Indian trees, of the genus

<spn>Boswellia</spn>; a commoner sort, from the Norway spruce

(<spn>Abies excelsa</spn>) and other coniferous trees. The

frankincense of the ancient Jews is still unidentified.</def>



<hw>Frank"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>

<def>A method of forming a joint at the intersection of

window-sash bars, by cutting away only enough wood to show a

miter.</def>



<hw>Frank"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like, or pertaining to,

the Franks.</def>



<hw>Frank"-law`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>law</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>The liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror

or witness; one of the ancient privileges of a freeman; free and

common law; -- an obsolete expression signifying substantially

the same as the American expression <altname>civil

rights</altname>.</def>



<au>Abbot.</au>



<hw>Frank"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>frankelein</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>franchilanus</ets>. See

<er>Frank</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>An English freeholder,

or substantial householder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>The <qex>franklin</qex>, a small landholder of those days.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Stephen.</qau>



<hw>Frank*lin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Benjamin Franklin.</def>



<cs><col>Franklinic electricity</col>, <cd>electricity produced

by friction; called also <altname>statical

electricity</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frank"lin*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of mineral of the spinel

group.</def>



<hw>Frank"lin stove`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>. A kind of open stove

introduced by Benjamin <ets>Franklin</ets>, the peculiar feature

of which was that a current of heated air was directly supplied

to the room from an air box; -- now applied to other varieties of

open stoves.</def>



<hw>Frank"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a frank manner;

freely.</def>



<q>Very <qex>frankly</qex> he confessed his treasons.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Openly; ingenuously; plainly; unreservedly;

undisguisedly; sincerely; candidly; artlessly; freely; readily;

unhesitatingly; liberally; willingly.</syn>



<hw>Frank"-mar"riage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>marriage</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A certain tenure in tail special; an

estate of inheritance given to a man his wife (the wife being of

the blood of the donor), and descendible to the heirs of their

two bodies begotten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Frank"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

frank; candor; openess; ingenuousness; fairness;

liberality.</def>



<hw>Frank"pledge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>pledge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O.

Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pledge or surety for the good

behavior of freemen, -- each freeman who was a member of an

ancient decennary, tithing, or friborg, in England, being a

pledge for the good conduct of the others, for the preservation

of the public peace; a free surety</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

tithing itself</def>.



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<q>The servants of the crown were not, as now, bound in

<qex>frankpledge</qex> for each other.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Fran"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>frentik</ets>, <ets>frenetik</ets>, F. <ets>frentique</ets>,

L. <ets>phreneticus</ets>, from Gr. <?/. See <er>Frenzy</er>, and

cf. <er>Frenetic</er>, <er>Phrenetic</er>.]</ety> <def>Mad;

raving; furious; violent; wild and disorderly; distracted.</def>



<q>Die, <qex>frantic</qex> wretch, for this accursed deed!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Torrents of <qex>frantic</qex> abuse.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fran"tic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Fran"tic*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Shak.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fran"tic*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Frap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Frapped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Frapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>frapper</ets>

to strike, to seize ropes. Cf. <er>Affrap</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To draw together; to bind

with a view to secure and strengthen, as a vessel by passing

cables around it; to tighten; as a tackle by drawing the lines

together.</def>



<au>Tottem.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To brace by drawing together, as the cords of a

drum.</def>



<au>Knoght.</au>



<hw>Frape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>frap</ets>, and Prov. E. <ets>frape</ets> to scold.]</ety>

<def>A crowd, a rabble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>ares.</au>



<hw>Frap"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blusterer; a

rowdy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Unpolished, a <qex>frapler</qex>, and base.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Fra"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a brother.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A monk; also, a frater house.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<cs><col>Frater house</col>, <cd>an apartament in a convent used

as an eating room; a refectory; -- called also a

<altname>fratery</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fra*ter"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[F.

<ets>fraternel</ets>, LL. <ets>fraternalis</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>fraternus</ets>, fr. <ets>frater</ets> brother. See

<er>Brother</er>.]</ety> <def>Pf, pertaining to, or involving,

brethren; becoming to brothers; brotherly; <as>as,

<ex>fraternal</ex> affection; a <ex>fraternal</ex>

embrace.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fra*ter"nal*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>An abhorred, a cursed, a <qex>fraternal</qex> war.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Fraternal</qex> love and friendship.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Fra*ter"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

fraternize; to hold fellowship.</def>



<au>Jefferson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fra`ter*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Fra"ter*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Fraternization.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Jefferson.</au>



<hw>Fra*ter"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fraternities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>fraternit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>fraternitas</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality of being fraternal or

brotherly; brotherhood.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A body of men associated for their common

interest, business, or pleasure; a company; a brotherhood; a

society; in the Roman Catholic Chucrch, an association for

special religious purposes, for relieving the sick and destitute,

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Men of the same class, profession, occupation,

character, or tastes.</def>



<q>With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak of their

own <qex>fraternity</qex>!</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Fra`ter*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.</def>



<q>I hope that no French <qex>fraternization</qex> . . . could so

change the hearts of Englishmen.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Fra"ter*nize</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fraternized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>. <er>Fraternizing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fraterniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To associate or hold

fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupation or

character; to have brotherly feelings.</def>



<hw>Fra"ter*nize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bring into

fellowship or brotherly sympathy.</def>



<q>Correspondence for <qex>fraternizing</qex> the two

nations.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Frat"er*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who fraternizes.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Fra"ter*y</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frater</ets> brother: cf. It. <ets>frateria</ets> a

brotherhood of monks. See <er>Friar</er>.]</ety> <def>A frater

house. See under <er>Frater</er>.</def>



<-- Frat house.  Short for fraternity house, a building owned by

a college fraternity in which members may live. -->



<hw>Fra"trage</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>frater</ets> a brother.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>A sharing among brothers, or brothers' kin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fra`tri*cel"li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[It. <ets>fraticelli</ets>, lit., little brothers, dim. fr.

<ets>frate</ets> brother, L. <ets>frater</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The name which St.

Francis of Assisi gave to his followers, early in the 13th

century.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sect which seceded from the

Franciscan Order, chiefly in Italy and Sicily, in 1294,

repudiating the pope as an apostate, maintaining the duty of

celibacy and poverty, and discountenancing oaths. Called also

<altname>Fratricellians</altname> and

<altname>Fraticelli</altname>.</def>



<hw>Frat"ri*ci`dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to fratricide; of the nature of fratricide.</def>



<hw>Frat"ri*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fratricidium</ets> a brother's murder, fr.

<ets>fratricida</ets> a brother's murderer; <ets>frater</ets>,

<ets>fratris</ets>, brother + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill: cf. F.

<ets>fratricide</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one who

murders or kills his own brother.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[L. <ets>fratricida</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fratricide</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who murders or kills his

own brother.</def>



<hw>Fraud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fraude</ets>, L. <ets>fraus</ets>, <ets>fraudis</ets>; prob.

akin to Skr. <ets>dh<?/rv</ets> to injure, <ets>dhv<?/</ets> to

cause to fall, and E. <ets>dull</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an

unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or

interest of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit;

trick.</def>



<q>If success a lover's toil attends,

Few ask, if <qex>fraud</qex> or force attained his ends.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An intentional perversion of

truth for the purpose of obtaining some valuable thing or promise

from another.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A trap or snare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To draw the proud King Ahab into <qex>fraud</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Constructive fraud</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an act,

statement, or omission which operates as a fraud, although

perhaps not intended to be such.</cd> <au>Mozley & W.</au> --

<col>Pious fraud</col> <fld>(Ch. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a fraud

contrived and executed to benefit the church or accomplish some

good end, upon the theory that the end justified the means.</cd>

-- <col>Statute of frauds</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an English

statute (1676), the principle of which is incorporated in the

legislation of all the States of this country, by which writing

with specific solemnities (varying in the several statutes) is

required to give efficacy to certain dispositions of

property.</cd></cs>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife;

circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See

<er>Deception</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fraud"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

fraud, deceit, or treachery; trickish; treacherous; fraudulent;

-- applied to persons or things.</def>



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fraud"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fraud"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from fraud.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fraud"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fraud"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fraud"u*lence</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>,

<hw>Fraud"u*len*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>fraudulentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of

being fraudulent; deliberate deceit; trickishness.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Fraud"u*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fraudulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>fraus</ets>,

<ets>fraudis</ets>, frand: cf. F. <ets>fraudulent</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Using fraud; trickly; deceitful;

dishonest.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by,, founded on, or proceeding

from, fraund; <as>as, a <ex>fraudulent</ex> bargain</as>.</def>



<q>He, with serpent tongue, . . . 

His <qex>fraudulent</qex> temptation thus began.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Obtained or performed by artifice; <as>as,

<ex>fraudulent</ex> conquest</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Deceitful; fraudful; guileful; crafty; wily;

cunning; subtle; deceiving; cheating; deceptive; insidious;

treacherous; dishonest; designing; unfair.</syn>



<hw>Frau"u*lent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

fraudulent manner.</def>



<hw>Fraught</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE.<ets>fraight</ets>, <ets>fraght</ets>; akin to Dan.

<ets>fragt</ets>, Sw. <ets>frakt</ets>, D. <ets>vracht</ets>, G.

<ets>fracht</ets>, cf. OHG. <ets>fr<?/ht</ets> merit, reward;

perh. from corresponding to E. <ets>for</ets> + The root of E.

<ets>own</ets>. Cf. <er>Freight</er>.]</ety> <def>A freight; a

cargo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fraught</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Freighted; laden; filled;

stored; charged.</def>



<q>A vessel of our country richly <qex>fraught</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A discourse <qex>fraught</qex> with all the commending

excellences o<?/speech.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>Enterprises <qex>fraught</qex> with world-wide benefits.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Fraught</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fraughted</er> or <er>Fraught</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Fraughting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Dan.

<ets>fragte</ets>, Sw. <ets>frakta</ets>, D.

<ets>bevrachten</ets>, G. <ets>frachten</ets>, cf. OHG.

<ets>fr<emac/ht<omac/n</ets> to deserve. See <er>Fraught</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To freight; to load; to burden; to

fill; to crowd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Upon the tumbling billows <qex>fraughted</qex> ride

The armed ships.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Fraught"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Freight; loading; cargo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fraught"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Constituting the freight

or cargo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>fraughting</xex>

souls within her.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fraun"ho*fer lines`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Physics.)</fld>

<def>The lines of the spectrun; especially and properly, the dark

lines of the solar spectrum, so called because first accurately

observed and interpreted by <xex>Fraunhofer</xex>, a German

physicist.</def>



<hw>Frax"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fraxinus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless

crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and found in the

bark of the ash (<spn>Fraxinus</spn>) and along with esculin in

the bark of the horse-chestnut. It shows a delicate fluorescence

in alkaline solutions; -- called also

<altname>paviin</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Frax"i*nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., the

ash tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of deciduous

forest trees, found in the north temperate zone, and including

the true ash trees.</def>



<note><hand/ <spn>Fraxinus excelsior</spn> is the European ash;

<spn>F. Americana</spn>, the white ash; <spn>F.

sambucifolia</spn>, the black ash or water ash.</note>



<hw>Fray</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated from

<ets>affray</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affray; broil; contest;

combat.</def>



<q>Who began this bloody <qex>fray</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fray</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Frayed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See 1st <er>Fray</er>, and

cf. <er>Affray</er>.]</ety> <def>To frighten; to terrify; to

alarm.</def>



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<q>What <qex>frays</qex> ye, that were wont to comfort me

affrayed?</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fray</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>fraier</ets>.

See <er>Defray</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To bear the

expense of; to defray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients

<qex>frayed</qex>, I shall acknowledge myself amply

satisfied.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<hw>Fray</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>freier</ets>,

<ets>fraier</ets>, <ets>froier</ets>, to rub. L.

<ets>fricare</ets>; cf. <ets>friare</ets> to crumble, E.

<ets>friable</ets>; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ to anoint, <?/ an

anointing, Skr. <ets>gh<?/sh</ets> to rub, scratch. Cf.

<er>Friction</er>.]</ety> <def>To rub; to wear off, or wear into

shreds, by rubbing; to fret, as cloth; <as>as, a deer is said to

<ex>fray</ex> her head</as>.</def>



<hw>Fray</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub.</def>



<q>We can show the marks he made

When 'gainst the oak his antlers <qex>frayed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury

by rubbing, as when the threads of the warp or of the woof wear

off so that the cross threads are loose; to ravel; <as>as, the

cloth <ex>frays</ex> badly</as>.</def>



<q>A suit of <qex>frayed</qex> magnificience.</q>

<qau>tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Fray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fret or chafe, as in cloth; a

place injured by rubbing.</def>



<hw>Fray"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

skin which a deer frays from his horns.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Freak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Freaked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Freaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to OE.

<ets>frakin</ets>, <ets>freken</ets>, freckle, Icel.

<ets>freknur</ets>, pl., Sw. <ets>fr\'84kne</ets>, Dan.

<ets>fregne</ets>, Gr. <?/ dark-colored, Skr.

<ets>p<rsdot/<cced/ni</ets> variegated. Cf. <er>Freckle</er>,

<er>Freck</er>.]</ety> <def>To variegate; to checker; to

streak.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Freaked</qex> with many a mingled hue.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Freak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from OE.

<ets>frek</ets> bold, AS. <ets>frec</ets> bold, greedly; akin to

OHG. <ets>freh</ets> greedly, G. <ets>frech</ets> insolent, Icel.

<ets>frekr</ets> greedly, Goth. <ets>fa\'a1hufriks</ets>

avaricious.]</ety> <def>A sudden causeless change or turn of the

mind; a whim of fancy; a capricious prank; a vagary or

caprice.</def>



<q>She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a

<qex>freak</qex> will instantly change her habitation.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Whim; caprice; folly; sport. See

<er>Whim</er>.</syn>



<hw>Freak"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Freakish.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pepys.</au>



<hw>Freak"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to change the mind

suddenly; whimsical; capricious.</def>



<q>It may be a question whether the wife or the woman was the

more <qex>freakish</qex> of the two.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q><qex>Freakish</qex> when well, and fretful when she's

sick.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Freak"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Freak"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Freck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Freak</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Freckle</er>.]</ety>

<def>To checker; to diversify.</def> <mark>[R. & Poet.]</mark>



<q>The painted windows, <qex>frecking</qex> gloom with glow.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<hw>Freck"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim., from

the same root as <ets>freak</ets>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small yellowish or brownish spot in the skin,

particularly on the face, neck, or hands.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any small spot or discoloration.</def>



<hw>Frec"kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Freckled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Freckling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

spinkle or mark with freckle or small discolored spots; to

spot.</def>



<-- p. 594 -->



<hw>Frec"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become

covered or marked with freckles; to be spotted.</def>



<hw>Frac"kled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked with

freckles; spotted.</def> \'bdThe <xex>freckled</xex> trout.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>The <qex>freckled</qex> cowslip, burnet, and green clover.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Frec"kled*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being freckled.</def>



<hw>Frec"kly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of or

marked with freckles; sprinkled with spots; freckled.</def>



<hw>Fred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fri<?/</ets> peace. See <er>Frith</er> inclosure.]</ety>

<def>Peace; -- a word used in composition, especially in proper

names; <as>as, Al<ex>fred</ex>; <ex>Fred</ex>eric.</as></def>



<hw>Fred"stole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Fridstol</er>.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Free</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Freer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Freest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>fre</ets>, <ets>freo</ets>, AS.

<ets>fre\'a2</ets>, <ets>fr\'c6</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>vrij</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>fr\'c6</ets>, G.

<ets>frei</ets>, Icel. <ets>fr\'c6</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>fri</ets>, Goth. <ets>freis</ets>, and also to Skr.

<ets>prija</ets> beloved, dear, fr. <ets>pr\'c6</ets> to love,

Goth. <ets>frij<?/n</ets>. Cf. <er>Affray</er>, <er>Belfry</er>,

<er>Friday</er>, <er>Friend</er>, <er>Frith</er>

inclosure.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exempt from subjection to the

will of others; not under restraint, control, or compulsion; able

to follow one's own impulses, desires, or inclinations;

determining one's own course of action; not dependent; at

liberty.</def>



<q>That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is

that alone which is or is not <qex>free</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not under an arbitrary or despotic government;

subject only to fixed laws regularly and fairly administered, and

defended by them from encroachments upon natural or acquired

rights; enjoying political liberty.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from

the control of parents, guardian, or master.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not confined or imprisoned; released from

arrest; liberated; at liberty to go.</def>



<q>Set an unhappy prisoner <qex>free</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity;

capable of voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; --

said of the will.</def>



<q>Not <qex>free</qex>, what proof could they have given sincere

Of true allegiance, constant faith, or love.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Clear of offense or crime; guiltless;

innocent.</def>



<q>My hands are guilty, but my heart is <qex>free</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Unconstrained by timidity or distrust;

unreserved; ingenuous; frank; familiar; communicative.</def>



<q>He was <qex>free</qex> only with a few.</q>

<qau>Milward.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; --

used in a bad sense.</def>



<q>The critics have been very <qex>free</qex> in their

censures.</q>

<qau>Felton.</qau>



<q>A man may live a <qex>free</qex> life as to wine or women.</q>

<qau>Shelley.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open-handed;

lavish; <as>as, <ex>free</ex> with his money</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not

encumbered or troubled with; <as>as, <ex>free</ex> from pain;

<ex>free</ex> from a burden</as>; -- followed by <xex>from</xex>,

or, rarely, by <xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>Princes declaring themselves <qex>free</qex> from the

obligations of their treaties.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Characteristic of one acting without restraint;

charming; easy.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>Ready; eager; acting without spurring or

whipping; spirited; <as>as, a <ex>free</ex> horse</as>.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>Invested with a particular freedom or

franchise; enjoying certain immunities or privileges; admitted to

special rights; -- followed by <xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>He therefore makes all birds, of every sect,

<qex>Free</qex> of his farm.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be

enjoyed without limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed,

engrossed, or appropriated; open; -- said of a thing to be

possessed or enjoyed; <as>as, a <ex>free</ex> school</as>.</def>



<q>Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as <qex>free</qex>

For me as for you?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>Not gained by importunity or purchase;

gratuitous; spontaneous; <as>as, <ex>free</ex> admission; a

<ex>free</ex> gift.</as></def>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty;

defending individual rights against encroachment by any person or

class; instituted by a free people; -- said of a government,

institutions, etc.</def>



<sn>17.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Certain or honorable;

the opposite of <xex>base</xex>; <as>as, <ex>free</ex> service;

<ex>free</ex> socage.</as></def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>18.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Privileged or individual; the

opposite of <xex>common</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>free</ex> fishery; a

<ex>free</ex> warren.</as></def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>19.</sn> <def>Not united or combined with anything else;

separated; dissevered; unattached; at liberty to escape; <as>as,

<ex>free</ex> carbonic acid gas; <ex>free</ex> cells.</as></def>



<cs><col>Free agency</col>, <cd>the capacity or power of choosing

or acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the

will.</cd> -- <col>Free bench</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a

widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband, corresponding

to <xex>dower<xex> in freeholds.</cd> -- <col>Free board</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a vessel's side between water line and

gunwale.</cd> -- <col>Free bond</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an

unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence,

of an atom or radical.</cd> -- <col>Free-borough men</col>

<fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Friborg</er>.</cd> --

<col>Free chapel</col> <fld>(Eccles.)</fld>, <cd>a chapel not

subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded

by the king or by a subject specially authorized.</cd>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Bouvier.</au> -- <col>Free charge</col>

<fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a charge of electricity in the free or

statical condition; free electricity.</cd> -- <col>Free

church</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A church whose sittings are for

all and without charge.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An ecclesiastical

body that left the Church of Scotland, in 1843, to be free from

control by the government in spiritual matters.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Free city</col>, <or/ <col>Free town</col></mcol>,

<cd>a city or town independent in its government and franchises,

as formerly those of the Hanseatic league.</cd> -- <col>Free

cost</col>, <cd>freedom from charges or expenses.</cd>

<au>South.</au> -- <col>Free and easy</col>, <cd>unconventional;

unrestrained; regardless of formalities.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdSal and her <xex>free and easy<xex>

ways.\'b8 <au>W. Black.</au> -- <col>Free goods</col>, <cd>goods

admitted into a country free of duty.</cd> -- <col>Free

labor</col>, <cd>the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that

of slaves.</cd> -- <col>Free port</col>. <fld>(Com.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A port where goods may be received and shipped

free of custom duty.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A port where goods of

all kinds are received from ships of all nations at equal rates

of duty.</cd> -- <col>Free public house</col>, <cd>in England, a

tavern not belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to

brew his own beer or purchase where he chooses.</cd>

<au>Simmonds.</au> -- <col>Free school</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on

an equal footing.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A school supported by

general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing

for tuition; a public school.</cd> -- <col>Free services</col>

<fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>such feudal services as were not

unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform;

as, to serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money,

etc.</cd> <au>Burrill.</au> -- <col>Free ships</col>, <cd>ships

of neutral nations, which in time of war are free from capture

even though carrying enemy's goods.</cd> -- <col>Free

socage</col> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a feudal tenure held by

certain services which, though honorable, were not military.</cd>

<au>Abbott.</au> -- <col>Free States</col>, <cd>those of the

United States before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased

to exist, or had never existed.</cd> -- <col>Free stuff</col>

<fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>timber free from knots; clear stuff.</cd>

-- <col>Free thought</col>, <cd>that which is thought

independently of the authority of others.</cd> -- <col>Free

trade</col>, <cd>commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff

regulations.</cd> -- <col>Free trader</col>, <cd>one who believes

in free trade.</cd> -- <col>To make free with</col>, <cd>to take

liberties with; to help one's self to.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To sail free</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail with the yards not braced in as

sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the

wind.</cd></cs>



<hw>Free</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Freely; willingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I as <qex>free</qex> forgive you

As I would be forgiven.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without charge; <as>as, children admitted

<ex>free</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Free</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Freed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Freeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>freen</ets>,

<ets>freoien</ets>, AS. <ets>fre\'a2gan</ets>. See <er>Free</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make free; to set at

liberty; to rid of that which confines, limits, embarrasses,

oppresses, etc.; to release; to disengage; to clear; -- followed

by <xex>from</xex>, and sometimes by <xex>off</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>free</ex> a captive or a slave; to be <ex>freed</ex> of these

inconveniences.</as></def>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<q>Our land is from the rage of tigers <qex>freed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Arise, . . . <qex>free</qex> thy people from their yoke.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To remove, as something that confines or bars;

to relieve from the constraint of.</def>



<q>This master key

<qex>Frees</qex> every lock, and leads us to his person.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To frank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Free"boot`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>vrijbuiter</ets>, fr. <ets>vrijbuiten</ets> to plunder;

<ets>vrij</ets> free + <ets>buit</ets> booty, akin to E.

<ets>booty</ets>. See <er>Free</er>, and <er>Booty</er>, and cf.

<er>Filibuster</er>.]</ety> <def>One who plunders or pillages

without the authority of national warfare; a member of a

predatory band; a pillager; a buccaneer; a sea robber.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Free"boot`er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act,

practice, or gains of a freebooter; freebooting.</def>



<au>Booth.</au>



<hw>Free"boot`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Robbery; plunder; a

pillaging.</def>



<hw>Free"boot`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Acting the freebooter;

practicing freebootery; robbing.</def>



<q>Your <qex>freebooting</qex> acquaintance.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Free"boot`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Freebootery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Free"born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Born free;

not born in vasssalage; inheriting freedom.</def>



<hw>Free"-den`i*zen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

make free.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Freed"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Freedmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man who has been

a slave, and has been set free.</def>



<hw>Free"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fre\'a2d<?/m</ets>; <ets>fre\'a2</ets>free +

<ets>-dom</ets>. See <er>Free</er>, and <er>-dom</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being free; exemption from the

power and control of another; liberty; independence.</def>



<q>Made captive, yet deserving <qex>freedom</qex> more.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Privileges; franchises; immunities.</def>



<q>Your charter and your caty's <qex>freedom</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exemption from necessity, in choise and action;

<as>as, the <ex>freedom</ex> of the will</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Ease; facility; <as>as, he speaks or acts with

<ex>freedom</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Frankness; openness; unreservedness.</def>



<q>I emboldened spake and <qex>freedom</qex> used.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of

decorum; license.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Generosity; liberality.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Freedom fine</col>, <cd>a sum paid on entry to

incorporations of trades.</cd> -- <col>Freedom of the city</col>,

<cd>the possession of the rights and privileges of a freeman of

the city; formerly often, and now occasionally, conferred on one

not a resident, as a mark of honorary distinction for public

services.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Liberty</er>.</syn>



<hw>Freed"stool`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Fridstol</er>.</def>



<hw>Free"-hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Done by the

hand, without support, or the guidance of instruments; <as>as,

<ex>free-hand</ex> drawing</as>. See under

<er>Drawing</er>.</def>



<hw>Free"-hand`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Open-handed;

liberal.</def>



<hw>Free"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Open;

frank; unreserved; liberal; generous; <as>as,

<ex>free-hearted</ex> mirth</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Free"-heart`ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Free"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Free"hold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(LAw)</fld>

<def>An estate in real property, of inheritance (in fee simple or

fee tail) or for life; or the tenure by which such estate is

held.</def>



<au>Kent. Burrill.</au>



<cs><col>To abate into a freehold</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Abate</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Free"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The possessor of a freehold.</def>



<hw>Free"-liv`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gratifies his appetites without stint; one given to indulgence in

eating and drinking.</def>



<hw>Free"-liv`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Unrestrained

indulgence of the appetites.</def>



<hw>Free"-love`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrine or practice of consorting with the opposite sex, at

pleasure, without marriage.</def>



<hw>Free"-lov`er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who believes in or

practices free-love.</def>



<hw>Freel"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Frailty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Free"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fre\'a2lice</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a free manner; without

restraint or compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously.</def>



<q>Of every tree of the garden thou mayst <qex>freely</qex>

eat.</q>

<qau>Gen. ii. 16.</qau>



<q><qex>Freely</qex> ye have received, <qex>freely</qex>

give.</q>

<qau>Matt. x. 8.</qau>



<q><qex>Freely</qex> they stood who stood, and fell who fell.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Freely</qex> we serve

Because we <qex>freely</qex> love.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously;

unconditionally; unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally;

generously; bounteously; munificently; bountifully; abundantly;

largely; copiously; plentifully; plenteously.</syn>



<hw>Free"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Freemen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS.

<ets>fre\'a2man</ets>; <ets>fre\'a2</ets>free + <ets>mann</ets>

man.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who enjoys liberty, or who is

not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or

vassal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of a corporation, company, or city,

possessing certain privileges; a member of a borough, town, or

State, who has the right to vote at elections. See

<er>Liveryman</er>.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<q>Both having been made <qex>freemen</qex> on the same day.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Free"-mar`tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An imperfect female calf, twinborn

with a male.</def>



<hw>Free"ma`son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of an

ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been

at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now

consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and

mutual assistance.</def>



<hw>Free`ma*son"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the institutions or the

practices of freemasons; <as>as, a <ex>freemasonic</ex>

signal</as>.</def>



<hw>Free"ma`son*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

institutions or the practices of freemasons.</def>



<hw>Free"-mill`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Yielding

free gold or silver; -- said of certain ores which can be reduced

by crushing and amalgamation, without roasting or other chemical

treatment.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Free"-mind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not

perplexed; having a mind free from care.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Free"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being free; freedom; liberty; openness; liberality;

gratuitousness.</def>



<hw>Fre"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who frees,

or sets free.</def>



<hw>Free"-soil`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or advocating, the non-extension of slavery; -- esp. applied

to a party which was active during the period 1846-1856.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Free"soil`er</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> --

<wf>Free"-soil`ism</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Free"-spo`ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Accustomed to speak without reserve.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Free"-spo`ken-ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Free"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stone

composed of sand or grit; -- so called because it is easily cut

or wrought.</def>



<hw>Free"stone`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the flesh readily

separating from the stone, as in certain kinds of peaches.</def>



<hw>Free"-swim`ming</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Swimming in the open sea; -- said of

certain marine animals.</def>



<hw>Free"think`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

speculates or forms opinions independently of the authority of

others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms opinions

independently of the authority of revelation or of the church; an

unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists and skeptics in the

eighteenth century.</def>



<q>Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a

<qex>freethinker</qex>, child.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See

<er>Infidel</er>.</syn>



<hw>Free"think`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Undue boldness of

speculation; unbelief.</def> <au>Berkeley.</au>

-- <def2><pos>a.</pos> <def>Exhibiting undue boldness of

speculation; skeptical.</def></def2>



<hw>Free"-tongued`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Speaking

without reserve.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Free will</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A will free

from improper coercion or restraint.</def>



<q>To come thus was I not constrained, but did

On my <qex>free will</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power asserted of moral beings of willing or

choosing without the restraints of physical or absolute

necessity.</def>



<hw>Free"will`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to free will; voluntary; spontaneous; <as>as, a

<ex>freewill</ex> offering</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Frewill Baptists</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Baptist</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Freez"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being frozen.</def>



<hw>Freeze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>A frieze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Freeze</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos>

<er>Froze</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Frozen</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Freezing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fresen</ets>,

<ets>freosen</ets>, AS. <ets>fre\'a2san</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>vriezen</ets>, OHG. <ets>iosan</ets>, G. <ets>frieren</ets>,

Icel. <ets>frjsa</ets>, Sw. <ets>frysa</ets>, Dan.

<ets>fryse</ets>, Goth. <ets>frius</ets> cold, frost, and prob.

to L. <ets>prurire</ets> to itch, E. <ets>prurient</ets>, cf. L.

<ets>prna</ets> a burning coal, <ets>pruina</ets> hoarfrost, Skr.

<ets>prushv\'be</ets> ice, <ets>prush</ets> to spirt. <?/ 18. Cf.

<er>Frost</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become congealed by

cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the

abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid

body.</def>



<note><hand/ Water <xex>freezes</xex> at 32<deg/ above zero by

Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury <xex>freezes</xex> at 40<deg/

below zero.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to

suffer loss of animation or life by lack of heat; <as>as, the

blood <ex>freezes</ex> in the veins</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To freeze up</col> (<mark>Fig<mark>.), <cd>to become

formal and cold in demeanor. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Freeze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To congeal; to

harden into ice; to convert from a fluid to a solid form by cold,

or abstraction of heat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack

of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill.</def>



<q>A faint, cold fear runs through my veins,

That almost <qex>freezes</qex> up the heat of life.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Freeze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of congealing, or the

state of being congealed.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Freez"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, cools or freezes, as a refrigerator, or the tub and

can used in the process of freezing ice cream.</def>



<hw>Freez"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to freeze; for

freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Frrez"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Freezing machine</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ice

machine</cref>, under <er>Ice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Freezing

mixture</col>, <cd>a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical

salts) for producing intense cold.</cd> -- <col>Freezing

point</col>, <cd>that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid

begins to freeze; -- applied particularly to water, whose

<ex>freezing point<ex> is at 32<deg/ Fahr., and at 0<deg/

Centigrade.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frei"es*le`ben*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Named after the German chemist

<ets>Freiesleben</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sulphide of antimony, lead,

and silver, occuring in monoclinic crystals.</def>



<hw>Freight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fret</ets>, OHG. <ets>fr<?/ht</ets> merit, reward. See

<er>Fraught</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That with

which anything in fraught or laden for transportation; lading;

cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.;

<as>as, a <ex>freight</ex> of cotton; a full

<ex>freight</ex>.</as></def>



<-- p. 595 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The sum paid by a

party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the use of what is thus

hired.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The price paid a common carrier

for the carriage of goods.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Freight transportation, or freight line.</def>



<hw>Freight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Employed in the

transportation of freight; having to do with freight; <as>as, a

<ex>freight</ex> car</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Freight agent</col>, <cd>a person employed by a

transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver

goods.</cd> -- <col>Freight car</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Car</er>.</cd> -- <col>Freight train</col>, <cd>a railroad

train made up of freight cars; -- called in England <xex>goods

train</xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Freight</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Freighted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Freighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>freter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To load with goods, as a ship, or

vehicle of any kind, for transporting them from one place to

another; to furnish with freight; <as>as, to <ex>freight</ex> a

ship; to <ex>freight</ex> a car.</as></def>



<hw>Freight"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Charge for transportation; expense of carriage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The transportation of freight.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.</def>



<hw>Freight"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a

ship.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One employed in receiving and forwarding

freight.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One for whom freight is transported.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A vessel used mainly to carry freight.</def>



<hw>Freight"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

freight.</def>



<hw>Frel"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Frailty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fremd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Frem"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE., from AS. <ets>fremede</ets>,

<ets>fremde</ets>; akin to G. <ets>fremd</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Strange; foreign.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>frenne</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>forrene</ets> foreign. See

<er>Foreign</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A stranger.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>French</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>frencisc</ets>, LL. <ets>franciscus</ets>, from L.

<ets>Francus</ets> a Frank: cf. OF. <ets>franceis</ets>,

<ets>franchois</ets>, <ets>fran<?/ois</ets>, F. fran<?/ais. See

<er>Frank</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Frankish</er>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants.</def>



<cs> <col>French bean</col> (<fld>Bot</fld>.), <cd>the common

kidney bean (<spn>Phaseolus vulgaris</spn>).</cd> -- <col>French

berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the berry of a species of

buckthorn (<spn>Rhamnus catharticus</spn>), which affords a

saffron, green or purple pigment.</cd> -- <col>French

casement</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>French

window</cref>, under <er>Window</er>.</cd> -- <col>French

chalk</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of granular talc; --

used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under

<er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>French cowslip</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>The <spn>Primula Auricula</spn>. See

<er>Bear's-ear</er>.</cd> -- <col>French fake</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a mode of coiling a rope by running it

backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run

freely.</cd> -- <col>French honeysuckle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Hedysarum</spn> (<spn>H.

coronarium</spn>); -- called also <altname>garland

honeysuckle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>French horn</col>, <cd>a

metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into

circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the

end at which the sound issues; -- called in France <altname>cor

de chasse</altname>.</cd> -- <col>French leave</col>, <cd>an

informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place

without paying one's debts.</cd> -- <col>French pie</col>

<ety>[<ets>French</ets> (here used in sense of \'bdforeign\'b8) +

<ets>pie</ets> a magpie (in allusion to its black and white

color)]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European great

spotted woodpecker (<spn>Dryobstes major</spn>); -- called also

<altname>wood pie</altname>.</cd> -- <col>French polish</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A preparation for the surface of woodwork,

consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or

shellac with other gums added.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The glossy

surface produced by the application of the above.</cd> --

<col>French purple</col>, <cd>a dyestuff obtained from lichens

and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid

of mordants. <au>Ure</au>.</cd> -- <col>French red</col>

<cd>rouge.</cd> -- <col>French rice</col>, <cd>amelcorn.</cd> --

<col>French roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a modified form of

mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope.</cd>

-- <col>French tub</col>, <cd>a dyer's mixture of protochloride

of tin and logwood; -- called also <altname>plum

tub</altname>.</cd> <au>Ure</au>. -- <col>French window</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Window</er>.</def></cd></cs>



<hw>French</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The language

spoken in France.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Collectively, the people of France.</def>



<hw>French"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Frenchified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Frenchifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>French</ets> +

<ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make French; to infect or imbue

with the manners or tastes of the French; to Gallicize.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>French"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A French

mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar to the French

language.</def>



<au>Earle.</au>



<hw>French"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Frenchmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A native or one

of the people of France.</def>



<hw>Fre*net"ir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frantic</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Distracted; mad;

frantic; phrenetic.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fre*net"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Frenetic;

frantic; frenzied.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Frenet"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fre"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Frenums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Frena</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a bridle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cheek stripe of color.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Fr\'91num</er>.</def>



<hw>Fren"zi*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Frantic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Orrery.</au>



<hw>Fren"zied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<def>Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fren"zied-ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>The people <qex>frenzied</qex> by centuries of oppression.</q>

<qau>Buckle.</qau>



<q>Up starting with a <qex>frenzied</qex> look.</q>

<qau>Sir W Scott.</qau>



<hw>Fren"zy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Frenzies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>frenesie</ets>, <ets>fransey</ets>, F.

<ets>fr\'82n\'82sie</ets>, L. <ets>phrenesis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ 

for <?/ disease of the mind, phrenitis, fr. <?/ mind. Cf.

<er>Frantic</er>, <er>Phrenitis</er>.]</ety> <def>Any violent

agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and

temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness;

rage.</def>



<q>All else is towering <qex>frenzy</qex> and distraction.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>The poet's eye in a fine <qex>frenzy</qex> rolling.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangment; alienation;

aberration; delirium. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fren"zy</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mad; frantic.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>They thought that some <qex>frenzy</qex> distemper had got

into his head.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<hw>Fren"zy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To affect with frenzy; to

drive to madness</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Frenzying</xex>

anguish.\'b8



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Fre"quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frequency</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A crowd; a throng; a

concourse.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Frequency; abundance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Fre"quen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Frequencies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>frequentia</ets> numerous attendance, multitude: cf. F.

<ets>fr\'82quence</ets>. See <er>Frequent</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition of returning frequently;

occurrence often repeated; common occurence; <as>as, the

<ex>frequency</ex> of crimes; the <ex>frequency</ex> of

miracles.</as></def>



<q>The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a

place of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the

<qex>frequencies</qex> of ladies' visits.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A crowd; a throng.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Fre"quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frequens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, crowded, frequent, akin

to <ets>farcire</ets> to stuff: cf. F. <ets>fr\'82quent</ets>.

Cf. <er>Farce</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Often

to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or

occurring; <as>as, <ex>frequent</ex> visits</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Frequent</xex> feudal towers.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to

indulge in any practice; habitual; persistent.</def>



<q>He has been loud and <qex>frequent</qex> in declaring himself

hearty for the government.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Full; crowded; thronged.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>'T is C\'91sar's will to have a <qex>frequent</qex>

senate.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Often or commonly reported.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>'T is <qex>frequent</qex> in the city he hath subdued

The Catti and the Daci.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<hw>Fre*quent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Frequented</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Frequenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>frequentare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fr\'82quenter</ets>. See

<er>Frequent</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To visit

often; to resort to often or habitually.</def>



<q>He <qex>frequented</qex> the court of Augustus.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make full; to fill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With their sighs the air

<qex>Frequenting</qex>, sent from hearts contrite.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Fre*quent"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Accessible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sidney.</au>



<hw>Fre*quent"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice or habit of frequenting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Fre"quen*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frequentatio</ets> a crowding together,

<ets>frequency</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fr\'82quentation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act or habit of frequenting or visiting often;

resort.</def>



<au>Chesterfield.</au>



<hw>Fre*quent"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frequentativus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fr\'82quentatif</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>

<def>Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action;

<as>as, a <ex>frequentative</ex> verb</as>.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A frequentative verb.</def></def2>



<hw>Fre*quent*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

frequents; one who often visits, or resorts to customarily.</def>



<hw>Fre*quent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At

frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly;

commonly.</def>



<hw>Fre"quent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

frequent.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fr\'8are</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Friar</er>.]</ety> <def>A friar.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fres"cade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fresco</er>, <er>Fresh</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A cool

walk; shady place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Maunder.</au>



<hw>Fres"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Frescoes</plw> or <plw>Frescos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[It., fr. <ets>fresco</ets> fresh; of German origin. See

<er>Fresh</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness;

coolness; shade.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The art of

painting on freshly spread plaster, before it dries.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to

painting on plaster in any manner.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A

painting on plaster in either of senses <sd>a</sd> and

<sd>b</sd>.</def>



<hw>Fres"co</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Frescoed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Frescoing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To paint in

fresco, as walls.</def>



<hw>Fresh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Fresher</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;

<pos>superl</pos>. <er>Freshest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fresch</ets>, AS. <ets>fersc</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>versch</ets>, G. <ets>frisch</ets>, OHG. <ets>frisc</ets>,

Sw. <ets>frisk</ets>, Dan. <ets>frisk</ets>, <ets>fersk</ets>,

Icel. <ets>fr<?/skr</ets> frisky, brisk, <ets>ferskr</ets> fresh;

cf. It. <ets>fresco</ets>, OF. <ets>fres</ets>, <ets>freis</ets>,

fem. <ets>freske</ets>, <ets>fresche</ets>, F. <ets>frais</ets>,

fem. <ets>fra<?/che</ets>, which are of German origin. Cf.

<er>Fraischeur</er>, <er>Fresco</er>, <er>Frisk</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessed of original life and vigor; new and

strong; unimpaired; sound.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>New; original; additional.</def> \'bdFear of

<xex>fresh</xex> mistakes.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<q>A <qex>fresh</qex> pleasure in every fresh posture of the

limbs.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for

market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or

tainted; in good condition; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> vegetables,

flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.</as>; recently made or obtained;

occurring again; repeated; <as>as, a <ex>fresh</ex> supply of

goods; <ex>fresh</ex> tea, raisins, etc.</as>; lately come or

made public; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> news</as>; recently taken

from a well or spring; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> water</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Youthful; florid; <as>as, these <ex>fresh</ex>

nymphs</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated;

uncultured; unpracticed; <as>as, a <ex>fresh</ex> hand on a

ship</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for

action; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> for a combat</as>; hence, tending

to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk; <as>as, a

<ex>fresh</ex> wind</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Not salt; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> water, in

distinction from that which is from the sea, or brackish;

<ex>fresh</ex> meat, in distinction from that which is pickled or

salted.</as></def>



<cs><col>Fresh breeze</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a breeze

between a moderate and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty

miles an hour.</cd> -- <col>Fresh gale</col>, <cd>a gale blowing

about forty-five miles an hour.</cd> -- <col>Fresh

way</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>increased

speed.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid;

sweet; good: inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively;

vigorous; strong.</syn>



<hw>Fresh</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Freshes</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stream or spring of

fresh water.</def>



<q>He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where

the quick <qex>freshes</qex> are.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flood; a freshet.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers

or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or

into the sea.</def>



<au>Beverly.</au>



<hw>Fresh</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To refresh; to

freshen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>Fresh"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Freshened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Freshening</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make fresh; to

separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt;

<as>as, to <ex>freshen</ex> water, fish, or flesh</as>.</def>

<--  "less *salt*" is in original; also, below "to lose saltness"

-->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To refresh; to revive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To relieve, as a rope, by

change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the

material used to prevent chafing; <as>as, to <ex>freshen</ex> a

hawse</as>.</def>



<au> Totten.</au>



<cs><col>To freshen ballast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to

shift Or restore it.</cd> -- <col>To freshen the hawse</col>,

<cd>to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on

another part.</cd> -- <col>To freshen the way</col>, <cd>to

increase the speed of a vessel.</cd></cs>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Fresh"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To grow fresh; to lose saltness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grow brisk or strong; <as>as, the wind

<ex>freshens</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Fresh"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fresche</ets> flood + <ets>-et</ets>. See <er>Fresh</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stream of fresh

water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by

heavy rains or melted snow; a sudden inundation.</def>



<q>Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers

When the <qex>freshet</qex> is at highest.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Fresh"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fresh manner;

vigorously; newly, recently; brightly; briskly; coolly; <as>as,

<ex>freshly</ex> gathered; <ex>freshly</ex> painted; the wind

blows <ex>freshly</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Looks he as freshly as he did?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fresh"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Freshmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>novice; one in the

rudiments of knowledge; especially, a student during his fist

year in a college or university.</def>



<q>He drank his glass and cracked his joke,

And <qex>freshmen</qex> wondered as he spoke.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<cs><col>Freshman class</col>, <cd>the lowest of the four classes

in an American college. <mark>[ U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fresh"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being a

freshman.</def>



<hw>Fresh"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Refreshment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fresh"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

fresh.</def>



<q>The Scots had the advantage both for number and

<qex>freshness</qex>

of men.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<q>And breathe the <qex>freshness</qex> of the open air.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Her cheeks their <qex>freshness</qex> lose and wonted

grace.</q>

<qau>Granville.</qau>



<hw>Fresh"-new`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Unpracticed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fresh"-wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; <as>as,

<ex>fresh-water</ex> geological deposits; a <ex>fresh-water</ex>

fish; <ex>fresh-water</ex> mussels.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Accustomed to sail on fresh water only;

unskilled as a seaman; <as>as, a <ex>fresh-water</ex>

sailor</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Unskilled; raw.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

\'bd<qex>Fresh-water</qex> soldiers.\'b8



<au>Knolles.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fres`nel" lamp"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fres'nel'

lan'tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>.}</mhw> <ety>[From <ets>Fresnel</ets>

the inventor, a French physicist.]</ety> <def>A lantern having a

lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.</def>



<hw>Fres`nel" lens"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See <er>Fresnel

lamp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>See under

<er>Lens</er>.</def>



<hw>Fret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See 1st <er>Frith</er>.</def>



<hw>Fret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fretted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Fretting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>freten</ets> to eat, consume; AS. <ets>fretan</ets>, for

<ets>foretan</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>etan</ets> to

eat; akin to D. <ets>vreten</ets>, OHG. <ets>frezzan</ets>, G.

<ets>fressen</ets>, Sw. <ets>fr\'84ta</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fra-itan</ets>. See <er>For</er>, and <er>Eat</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To devour.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The sow <qex>frete</qex> the child right in the cradle.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to

gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; <as>as, to <ex>fret</ex>

cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm

<ex>frets</ex> the plants of a ship.</as></def>



<q>With many a curve my banks I <qex>fret</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To impair; to wear away; to diminish.</def>



<q>By starts

His <qex>fretted</qex> fortunes give him hope and fear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to

ripple; <as>as, to <ex>fret</ex> the surface of water</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To tease; to irritate; to vex.</def>



<q><qex>Fret</qex> not thyself because of evil doers.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxvii. 1.</qau>



<hw>Fret</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be worn away;

to chafe; to fray; <as>as, a wristband <ex>frets</ex> on the

edges</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To eat in; to make way by corrosion.</def>



<q>Many wheals arose, and <qex>fretted</qex> one into another

with great excoriation.</q>

<qau>Wiseman.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to

rankle; <as>as, rancor <ex>frets</ex> in the malignant

breast</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be

angry; to utter peevish expressions.</def>



<q>He <qex>frets</qex>, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the

ground.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fret</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The agitation of

the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling

on the surface of water.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Agitation of mind marked by complaint and

impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; <as>as, he keeps

his mind in a continual <ex>fret</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Yet then did Dennis rave in furious <qex>fret</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Herpes; tetter.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The worn

sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them,

accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate

to the miners the locality of the veins.</def>



<hw>Fret</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fretten</ets> to

adorn, AS. <ets>fr\'91twan</ets>, <ets>fr\'91twian</ets>; akin to

OS. <ets>fratah<?/n</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>us-fratwjan</ets> to

make wise, also AS. <ets>fr\'91twe</ets> ornaments, OS.

<ets>fratah\'c6</ets> adornment.]</ety> <def>To ornament with

raised work; to variegate; to diversify.</def>



<q> Whose skirt with gold was <qex>fretted</qex> all about.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Yon gray lines,

That <qex>fret</qex> the clouds, are messengers of day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fret</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ornamental work in

relief, as carving or embossing. See <er>Fretwork</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament consisting of

smmall fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right

angles, as in classical designs, or at obilique angles, as often

in Oriental art.</def>



<q>His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the <qex>fret</qex>,

ceiling, and chimney-piece with . . . carving.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<-- p. 596 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold

or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their

hair.</def>



<q>A <qex>fret</qex> of gold she had next her hair.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<cs><col>Fret saw</col>, <cd>a saw with a long, narrow blade,

used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole

saw; a compass saw.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>frette</ets> a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim.

of L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron. For sense 2, cf. also E.

<ets>fret</ets> to rub.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>A saltire interlaced with a mascle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short piece of wire, or

other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a

similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be

placed.</def>



<hw>Fret</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish with frets, as an

instrument of music.</def>



<hw>Fret"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

<er>Fret</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposed to fret; ill-humored;

peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; <as>as, a

<ex>fretful</ex> temper</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fret"ful-ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fret"ful-ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<syn>Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable;

waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate;

angry.</syn> -- <usage><er>Fretful</er>, <er>Peevish</er>,

<er>Cross</er>. These words all indicate an unamiable working and

expression of temper. <xex>Peevish<xex> marks more especially the

inward spirit: a <xex>peevish<xex> man is always ready to find

fault. <xex>Fretful<xex> points rather to the outward act, and

marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be

<xex>fretful<xex>. <xex>Crossness<xex> is peevishness mingled

with vexation or anger.</usage>



<hw>Frett</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

<er>Fret</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The worn side of

the bank of a river. See 4th <er>Fret</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

4.</def>



<hw>Frett</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Frit</er>.] <def>A

vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of

lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.</def>



<hw>Fret"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <ety>[From

2d <er>Fret</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Rubbed or worn away; chafed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Agitated; vexed; worried.</def>



<hw>Fret"ted</hw>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <ety>[See 5th

<er>Fret</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ornamented with fretwork;

furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the

surface.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Interlaced one with another;

-- said of charges and ordinaries.</def>



<hw>Fret"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[The old p. p.

of fret to rub.]</ety> <def>Rubbed; marked; <as>as,

pock-<ex>fretten</ex>, marked with the smallpox</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Fret"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, frets.</def>



<hw>Fret"ty</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See 5th

<er>Fret</er>.]</ety> <def>Adorned with fretwork.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fre"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Freta</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>L</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A strait, or arm of the sea.</def>



<hw>Fret"work</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[6th

<ets>fret + work</ets>.]</ety> <def>Work adorned with frets;

ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and

minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play of light andshade,

dark and light, or the like.</def>



<q>Banqueting on the turf in the <qex>fretwork</qex> of shade and

sunshine.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Frey"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>Freyja</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>The

daughter of Nj\'94rd, aud goddess of love and beauty; the

Scandinavian Venus; -- in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga,

but in Scandinavian, distinct.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Frea</asp>, <asp>Fraying</asp>, and

<asp>Ereyja</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fri"a*bii"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>friabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being

friable; friableness.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Fri"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>[<???/L.

<xex>friabilis</xex>, fr. <xex>friare</xex> to rub, break, or

crumble into small pieces, cf. <xex>fricare</xex> to rub, E.

<xex>fray</xex>. cf. F. <xex>friable</xex>.) Easily crumbled,

pulverized, or reduced to powder.</def> \'bdFriable ground.\'b8

<au>Evelyn.</au> \'bdSoft and friable texture.\'b8

<au>Paley</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Fri'a-ble-ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fri"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OR.

<ets>frere</ets>, F. <ets>fr\'8are</ets> brother,

<ets>friar</ets>, fr. L. <ets>frater</ets> brother. See

<er>Brother</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>

<def>A brother or member of any religious order, but especially

of one of the four mendicant orders</def>, viz: <stype>(a)

Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans.</stype> <stype>(b)

Augustines</stype>. <stype>(c) Dominicans or Black

Friars.</stype> <stype>(d) White Friars or Carmelites.</stype>

See these names in the Vocabulary.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A white or pale patch on a

printed page.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American fish; the

silversides.</def>



<cs><col>Friar bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an

Australian bird (<spn>Tropidorhynchus corniculatus</spn>), having

the head destitute of feathers; -- called also

<altname>coldong</altname>, <altname>leatherhead</altname>,

<altname>pimlico</altname>; <altname>poor soldier</altname>, and

<altname>four-o'clock</altname>.</cd> The name is also applied to

several other species of the same genus. -- <col>Friar's

balsam</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a stimulating application for

wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin,

styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of

benzoin.</cd> <au>Brande & C.</au> -- <col>Friar's cap</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the monkshood.</cd> -- <col>Friar's

cowl</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an arumlike plant 

(<spn>Arisarum vulgare</spn>) with a spathe or involucral leaf

resembling a cowl.</cd> -- <col>Friar's lantern</col>, <cd>the

ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp.</cd> <au>Milton</au>. --

<col>Friar skate</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European

white or sharpnosed skate (<spn>Raia alba</spn>); -- called also

<altname>Burton skate</altname>, <altname>border ray</altname>,

<altname>scad</altname>, and <altname>doctor</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fri"ar*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a friar;

inexperienced.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fri"ar*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Friar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Like a friar;

pertaining to friars or to a convent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>Fri"ar*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>frerie</ets>,

<ets>frairie</ets>, fr. <ets>fr\'8are</ets>. See

<er>Friar</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A monastery; a convent of

friars.</def>



<au>Drugdale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The institution or praactices of friars.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Fri*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Friable</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of breaking up or

pulverizing.</def>



<hw>Frib"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>frivole</ets>, L. <ets>frivolus</ets>, or E.

<ets>frippery</ets>.]</ety> <def>Frivolous; trifling; sily.</def>



<hw>Frib"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A frivolous, contemptible

fellow; a fop.</def>



<q>A pert <qex>fribble</qex> of a peer.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Frib"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To act in a

trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.</def>



<q>The fools that are <qex>fribbling</qex> round about you.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To totter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Frib"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A trifler; a

fribble.</def>



<hw>Frib"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Frivolous;

trining; toolishly captious.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fri"borg</hw> , <hw>Fri"borgh</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>fri<?/borh</ets>,

lit., peace PLAGE; <ets>fri<?/</ets> peace + <ets>borh</ets>,

<ets>borg</ets>, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the

word was confused with <ets>free</ets>, the last part, with

borough.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The pledge and

tithing, afterwards called by the Normans <xex>frankpledge</xex>.

See <er>Frankpledge</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>friburgh</asp> and <asp>fribourg</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Burril.</au>



<hw>Fric"ace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fricassee</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Meat sliced and

dressed with strong sauce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>King.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the

unguent.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Fri"can`deau`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Fric"*an*do</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>fricandeau</ets>; cf. Sp.

<ets>fricand\'a2</ets>.]</ety> <def>A ragout or fricassee of

veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned turkey, served as an

<it>entr\'82e</it>, -- called also

<altname>fricandel</altname>.</def>



<au>A. J. Cooley.</au>



<hw>Fric"as*see`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fricass\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>fricasser</ets> to

<ets>fry</ets>, <ets>fricassee</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>fricare</ets>,

perh. for <ets>frictare</ets>, <ets>fricare</ets>,

<ets>frictum</ets>, to rub. Cf. <er>Fry</er>,

<er>Friction</er>.]</ety> <def>A dish made of fowls, veal, or

other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a

gravy.</def><-- (cooking) -->



<hw>Frlc"as*see`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Fricassed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &. vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fricasseeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dress like a

fricassee.</def>



<hw>Fri*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fricatio</ets>, fr. <ets>fricare</ets>, <ets>fricatum</ets>,

to rub. ]</ety> <def>Friction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Fric"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frication</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Produced by

the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated,

through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered

through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the

organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or

prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as

<xex>f</xex>, <xex>v</xex>, <xex>s</xex>, <xex>z</xex>,

etc.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A fricative consonant

letter or sound. See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>,

<sect/<sect/ 197-206, etc.</def></def2>



<hw>Fric"a*trice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>frictrix</ets>, fr. <ets>fricare</ets> to rub.]</ety> <def>A

lewd woman; a harlot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Fric"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bushel

basket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ftic"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frictio</ets>, fr. <ets>fricare</ets>, <ets>frictum</ets>,to

rub: cf. F. <ets>friction</ets>. See <er>Fray</er> to rub, arid

cf. <er>Dentifrice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

rubbing the surface of one body against that of another;

attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand,

with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy

action.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The resistance which a body

meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be

resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A clashing between two persons or parties in

opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard

progress.</def>



<cs><col>Angle of friction</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the

angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a

horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the

plane.</cd> <note>This angle varies for different bodies, and for

planes of different materials.</note> -- <col>Anti-friction

wheels</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>wheels turning freely on

small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their

circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to

relieve it of friction; -- called also <altname>friction

wheels</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Friction balls</col>, or

<col>Friction rollers</col>, <cd>balls or rollers placed so as to

receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve

friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel.</cd> -- <col>Friction

brake</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a form of dynamometer for

measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving

shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its

friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing

the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the

shaft; a Prony brake.</cd> -- <col>Friction chocks</col>,

<cd>brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of

guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when

the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back.</cd>

<au>Earrow</au>. -- <mcol><col>Friction clutch</col>,

<col>Friction coupling</col></mcol>, <cd>an engaging and

disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by

friction</cd>; esp.:  <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A device in which a piece

on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on

another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the

illustration, the cone <it>a</it> on one shaft, when thrust

forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone <it>b</it> on the

other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold

the friction of the conical surfaces gives.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made

fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping,

under excessive strain or in starting.</cd> -- <col>Friction drop

hammer</col>, <cd>one in which the hammer is raised for striking

by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer

rod.</cd> -- <col>Friction gear</col></mcol>. <cd>See

<cref>Frictional gearing</cref>, under <er>Frictional</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Friction machine</col>, <cd>an electrical machine,

generating electricity by friction.</cd> -- <col>Friction

meter</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring friction, as in

testing lubricants.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Friction powder</col>,

<col>Friction composition</col></mcol>, <cd>a composition of

chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily

ignites by friction.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Friction primer</col>,

<col>Friction tube</col></mcol>, <cd>a tube used for firing

cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the

friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled --

<col>Friction wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

wheels in frictional gearing. See under

<er>Frictional</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fric"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; <as>as,

<ex>frictional</ex> electricity</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Frictional gearing</col>, <cd>wheels which transmit

motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are

sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease

friction, as required.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fric"tion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

friction.</def>



<hw>Fri"day</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>friged\'91g</ets>, fr. <ets>Frigu</ets>, the gooddes of

marriage; <ets>friqu</ets> love + <ets>d\'91g</ets> day; cf.

Icel. <ets>Frigg</ets> name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or

Wodan, OHG. <ets>Fr\'c6atag</ets>, Isel. <ets>Frj\'bedagr</ets>.

AS. <ets>frigu</ets> is prob. from the root of E.

<ets>friend</ets>, <ets>free</ets>. See <er>Free</er>, and

<er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>The sixth day of the week, following

Thursday and preceding Saturday.</def>



<hw>Fridge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>frician</ets> to dance, from <ets>free</ets> bold. Cf.

<er>Freak</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To rub; to fray.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sterne.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Frid"stol`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Frith`stool"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fri<?/st<?/</ets>l. See <er>Fred</er>, and

<er>Stool</er>.]</ety> <def>A seat in churches near the altar, to

which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary.</def>

<altsp>[Written variously <asp>fridstool</asp>,

<asp>freedstool</asp>, etc.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Fry</er>.</def>



<hw>Friend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OR.

<ets>frend</ets>, <ets>freond</ets>, AS. <ets>fre\'a2nd</ets>,

prop. p. pr. of <ets>fre\'a2n</ets>, <ets>fre\'a2gan</ets>, to

love; akin to D. <ets>vriend</ets> friend, OS. <ets>friund</ets>

friend, <ets>friohan</ets> to love, OHG. <ets>friunt</ets>

friend, G. <ets>freund</ets>, Icel. <ets>fr\'91ndi</ets> kinsman,

Sw. <ets>fr\'84nde</ets>. Goth. <ets>frij<?/nds</ets> friend,

<ets>frij<?/n</ets> to love. <root/83. See <er>Free</er>, and cf.

<er>Fiend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who entertains for

another suo<???/] sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection

that he scens hie society aud welfare; a wellwisher; an intimate

associate; sometimes, an attendant.</def>



<q>Want gives to know the flatterer from the

<qex>friend</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>A <qex>friend</qex> that sticketh closer than a brother.</q>

<qau>Prov. xviii. 24.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or

enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose

friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as

a term of friendly address.</def>



<q><qex>Friend</qex>, how camest thou in hither?</q>

<qau>Matt. xxii. 12.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who looks propitiously on a cause, an

institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter;

<as>as, a <ex>friend</ex> to commerce, to poetry, to an

institution</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of a religious sect characterized by disuse

of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress

and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at

peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers.</def>



<q>America was first visited by <qex>Friends</qex> in 1656.</q>

<qau>T. Chase.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A paramour of either sex.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>A friend</col> <col>at court <or/ in court</col>,

<cd>one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special

opportunity or influence.</cd> -- <col>To be friends with</col>,

<cd>to have friendly relations with. \'bdHe's . . . <xex>friends

with<xex> C\'91sar.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>To make friends

with</col>, <cd>to become reconciled to or on friendly terms

with.</cd> \'bdHaving now <xex>made friends with<xex> the

Athenians.\'b8 <au>Jowett (Thucyd. )</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Friend</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Friended</er>; <pos>p. pr, & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Friending</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To act as the friend of; to

favor; to countenance; to befriend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Fortune <qex>friends</qex> the bold.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Friend"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having

friends;</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Iuclined to love; well-disposed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Friend"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Friendliness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Friend"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fre\'a2ndle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destitute of friends;

forsaken.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Friend"less*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Friend"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

friendly manner.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Friend"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition or

quality of being friendly.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Friend"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fre\'82ndl<imac/ce</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the

temper and disposition of a friend; disposed to promote the good

of another; kind; favorable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Appropriate to, or implying, friendship;

befitting friends; amicable.</def>



<q>In <qex>friendly</qex> relations with his moderate

opponents.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not hostile; <as>as, a <ex>friendly</ex> power

or state</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Promoting the good of any person; favorable;

propitious; serviceable; <as>as, a <ex>friendly</ex> breeze or

gale</as>.</def>



<q>On the first <qex>friendly</qex> bank he throws him down.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable.

See <er>Amicable</er>.</syn>



<hw>Friend"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of

friends; amicably; like friends.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>In whom all graces that can perfect beauty

Are <qex>friendly</qex> met.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Friend"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fre\'a2ndscipe</ets>. See <er>Friend</er>, and

<er>-ship</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being

friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a person, or

between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and good

will; friendliness; amity; good will.</def>



<q>There is little <qex>friendship</qex> in the world.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>There can be no <qex>friendship</qex> without confidence, and

no confidence without integrity.</q>

<qau>Rambler.</qau>



<q>Preferred by <qex>friendship</qex>, and not chosen by

sufficiency.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Kindly aid; help; assistance,</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Some <qex>friendship</qex> will it [a hovel] lend you gainst

the tempest.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony;

correspondence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Those colors . . . have a <qex>friendship</qex> with each

other.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Fri"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fries.</def>



<hw>Friese</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Friesic</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Fries"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Friesland, a province in the northern part of the

Netherlands.</def>



<hw>Fries"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language of the

Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly occupying a large part of

the coast of Holland and Northwestern Germany. The modern

dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the province of

Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of Germany

and Denmark.</def>



<hw>Fries"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Friesic.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Frieze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. the same

word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf. <er>Friz</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of the entablature

of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a

flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and

often enriched with figures and other ornaments of

sculpture.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any sculptured or richly

ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of

furniture. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Column</er>.</def>



<q>Cornice or <qex>frieze</qex> with bossy sculptures graven.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Frieze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>frise</ets>, perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff from

<ets>Friesland</ets> (F. <ets>Frise</ets>); cf. LL. <ets>frisii

panni</ets> and <ets>frissatus pannus</ets>, a shaggy woolen

cloth, F. <ets>friser</ets> to friz, curl. Cf.

<er>Friz</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff

with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side.</def>

\'bdRobes of <xex>frieze</xex>.\'b8



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Frieze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make a nap on (cloth);

to friz. See <er>Friz</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <sn>2</sn>.</def>



<cs><col>Friezing machine</col>, <cd>a machine for friezing

cloth; a friezing machine.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 597 -->



<hw>Friezed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gathered, or

having the map gathered, into little tufts, knots, or

protuberances. Cf. <er>Frieze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and

<er>Friz</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <sn>2</sn>.</def>



<hw>Frie"zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, friezes or frizzes.</def>



<hw>Frig"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fr\'82gate</ets>, It. <ets>fregata</ets>, prob. contracted

fr. L. <ets>fabricata</ets> something constructed or. built. See

<er>Fabricate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Originally, a vessel

of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French,

about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750

it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate

between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about

1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck

with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty

guns. After the application of steam to navigation <xex>steam

frigates</xex> of largely increased size and power were built,

and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about

1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them.</def>

<altsp>[Formerly spelled <asp>frigat</asp> and

<asp>friggot</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any small vessel on the water.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<cs><col>Frigate bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

web-footed rapacious bird, of the genus <spn>Fregata</spn>; --

called also <altname>man-of-war bird</altname>, and

<altname>frigate pelican</altname>. Two species are known; that

of the Southern United States and West Indies is <spn>F.

aquila</spn>. They are remarkable for their long wings and

powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by

robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are

related to the pelicans.</cd> -- <col>Frigate mackerel</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an oceanic fish (<spn>Auxis

Rochei</spn>) of little or no value as food, often very abundant

off the coast of the United States.</cd> -- <col>Frigate

pelican</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Frigate

bird</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frig"ate-built"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Built like a frigate with a raised

quarter-deck and forecastle.</def>



<hw>Frig"a*toon`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>fregatone</ets>: cf. F.<ets>fr\'82gaton</ets>. See

<er>Frigate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A Venetian

vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast, jigger mast,

and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship-rigged.</def>



<hw>Frig"e*fac`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frigere</ets> to be cold + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety>

<def>The act of making cold. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> </def>



<hw>Frig"e*fac`tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cooling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Frig"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>e. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frigerare</ets>, fr. <ets>frigus</ets> cold.]</ety> <def>To

make cool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Frigg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Frig"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>Frigg</ets>. See

<er>Friday</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>The wife

of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno of

the Valhalla. Cf. <er>Freya</er>.</def>



<hw>Fright</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>frigt</ets>, <ets>freyht</ets>, AS. <ets>fyrhto</ets>,

<ets>fyrhtu</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>forhta</ets>, OHG.

<ets>forhta</ets>, <ets>forahta</ets>, G. <ets>furcht</ets>, Dan.

<ets>frygt</ets>, Sw. <ets>fruktan</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fa\'a3rhtei</ets> fear, <ets>fa\'a3rhts</ets> timid.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A state of terror excited by the sudden

appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short

duration; a sudden alarm.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a

feeling of alarm or aversion.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See

<er>Alarm</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fright</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Frighted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos>. <er>Frighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>frigten</ets> to fear, frighten, AS. <ets>fyrhtan</ets> to

frighten, <ets>forhtian</ets> to fear; akin to OS.

<ets>forhtian</ets>, OHG. <ets>furihten</ets>,

<ets>forahtan</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81rchten</ets>, Sw.

<ets>frukta</ets>, Dan. <ets>frygte</ets>, Goth.

<ets>faurhtjan</ets>. See <er>Fright</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Frighten</er>.]</ety> <def>To alarm suddenly; to shock by

causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare.</def>



<q>Nor exile or danger can <qex>fright</qex> a brave spirit.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.</syn>



<hw>Fright"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[>imp.<pos>pos> <er>Frightened</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Frightening</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fright</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To disturb with fear; to throw into a state

of alarm or fright; to affright; to terrify.</def>



<q>More <qex>frightened</qex> than hurt.</q>

<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>



<hw>Fright"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of fright; affrighted; frightened.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>See how the <qex>frightful</qex> herds run from the wood.</q>

<qau>W. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of that which causes fright; exciting

alarm; impressing terror; shocking; <as>as, a <ex>frightful</ex>

chasm, or tempest; a <ex>frightful</ex> appearance.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific;

awful; horrid; horrible; shocking.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Frightful</er>, <er>Dreadful</er>, <er>Awful</er>. These

words all express fear. In <xex>frightful</xex>, it is a sudden

emotion; in <xex>dreadful</xex>, it is deeper and more prolonged;

in <xex>awful</xex>, the fear is mingled with the emotion of awe,

which subdues us before the presence of some invisible power. An

accident may be <xex>frightful</xex>; the approach of death is

<xex>dreadful</xex> to most men; the convulsions of the

earthquake are <xex>awful</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Fright"ful*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.</def>



<hw>Fright"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

frightful.</def>



<hw>Fright"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from fright;

fearless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fright"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fear;

terror.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Frig"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frigidus</ets>, fr. <ets>frigere</ets> to be cold; prob.

akin to Gr. <?/ to shudder, or perh. to <?/ cold. Cf.

<er>Frill</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cold; wanting heat or

warmth; of low temperature; <as>as, a frigid climate</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity,

etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff

and formal; <as>as, a <ex>frigid</ex> constitution; a

<ex>frigid</ex> style; a <ex>frigid</ex> look or manner;

<ex>frigid</ex> obedience or service.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to

excite the generative power; impotent.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<cs><col>Frigid zone</col>, <cd>that part of the earth which lies

between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23<?/ 28<?/

from the pole. See the Note under <er>Arctic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Frig"i*da`ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Frigidaria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.,

neut. of <ets>frigidarium</ets> cooling.]</ety> <def>The cooling

room of the Roman therm\'91, furnished with a cold bath.</def>



<hw>Pri*gid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frigiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frigidit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition or quality of being frigid;

coldness; want of warmth.</def>



<q>Ice is water congealed by the <qex>frigidity</qex> of the

air.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.;

coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and

formality; <as>as, <ex>frigidity</ex> of a reception, of a bow,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Want of heat or vigor; <as>as, the

<ex>frigidity</ex> of old age</as>.</def>



<hw>Frig"id*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.</def>



<hw>Frig"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection; coldness;

dullness.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Frig"o*rif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Frig"o*rif`ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>frigorificus</ets>; <ets>frigus</ets>,

<ets>frigoris</ets>, cold + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F.

<ets>frigorifique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing cold; producing or

generating cold.</def>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<hw>Frill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Frilled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Frilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>friller</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>frigidulus</ets> somewhat cold, dim. of

<ets>frigidus</ets> cold; akin to F. <ets>frileux</ets>

chilly.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shake or shiver as with cold;

<as>as, the hawk <ex>frills</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To wrinkle; -- said of the

gelatin film.</def>



<hw>Frill</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To provide or decorate with

a frill or frills; to turn back. in crimped plaits; <as>as, to

<ex>frill</ex> a cap</as>.</def>



<hw>Frill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Frill</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

ruffing of a bird's feathers from cold</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, of hairs, or of

feathers, around the neck of an animal</def>. See <cref>Frilled

lizard</cref> (below). <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A similar ruffle around

the legs or other appendages of animals</def>. <sd>(d)</sd>

<def>A ruffled varex or fold on certain shells.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A border or edging secured at one edge and left

free at the other, usually fluted or crimped like a very narrow

flounce.</def>



<hw>Frilled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

a frill or frills.</def>



<cs><col>Frilled lizard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large

Australian lizard (<spn>Chlamydosaurus Kingii</spn>) about three

feet long, which has a large, erectile frill on each side of the

neck.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>freme</ets> good, bold, and E. <ets>frame</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Flourishing; thriving; fresh; in good case; vigorous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdFrim pastures.\'b8



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fri"maire`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>frimas</ets> hoarfrost.]</ety> <def>The third month of the

French republican calendar. It commenced November 21, and ended

December 20., See <er>Vend\'82miaire</er>.</def>



<hw>Fringe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF,

<ets>fringe</ets>, F. <ets>frange</ets>, prob. fr. L.

<ets>fimbria</ets> fiber, thread, fringe, cf. <ets>fibra</ets>

fiber, E. <ets>fiber</ets>, <ets>fimbriate</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece

of stuff, originally consisting of the ends of the warp,

projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more commonly made

separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting ends,

twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of

wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or the

like.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a

line of objects along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a

margin; a confine.</def>



<q>The confines of grace and the <qex>fringes</qex> of

repentance.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>One of a number of light or

dark bands, produced by the interference of light; a diffraction

band; --  called also interference fringe.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The peristome or fringelike

appendage of the capsules of most mosses. See

<er>Peristome</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Fringe tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small tree

(<spn>Chionanthus Virginica</spn>), growing in the Southern

United States, and having snow-white flowers, with long pendulous

petals.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fringe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fringed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

a.</pos> <er>Fringing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn the edge

of with a fringe or as with a fringe.</def>



<q>Precipices <qex>fringed</qex> with grass.</q>

<qau> Bryant.</qau>



<cs><col>Fringing reef</col>. <cd>See <cref>Coral reefs</cref>,

under <er>Coral</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fringed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

a fringe.</def>



<cs><col>Fringed lear</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf edged

with soft parallel hairs.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fringe"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no fringe.</def>



<hw>Frin"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Encircling

like a fringe; bordering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe

fringent air.\'b8



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Frin*gil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>fringilla</ets> a <ets>chaffinch</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds, with a short,

conical, pointed bill. It formerly included all the sparrows and

finches, but is now restricted to certain European finches, like

the chaffinch and brambling.</def>



<hw>Frin`gil*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Fringilline.</def>



<hw>Frin*gil"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the family

<spn>Fringillid\'91</spn>; characteristic of finches;

sparrowlike.</def>



<hw>Frin"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Aborned with

fringes.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Frip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fripier</ets>, fr. <ets>friper</ets> to rumple, fumble,

waste.]</ety> <def>One who deals in frippery or in old

clothes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Frip"per*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fripper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Frip"per*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>friperie</ets>, fr. <ets>fruper</ets>. See

<er>Fripper</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Coast-off

clothes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry

decoration; affected elegance.</def>



<q>Fond of gauze and French <qex>frippery</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>The gauzy <qex>frippery</qex> of a French translation.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place where old clothes are sold.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The trade or traffic in old clothes.</def>



<hw>Frip"per*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Trifling;

contemptible.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fri"seur'</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>friser</ets> to curl, frizzle. See <er>Frizzle</er>.]</ety>

<def>A hairdresser.</def>



<hw>Fri"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands;

Friesic.</def>



<hw>Fri"sian</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of

Friesland; also, the language spoken in Friesland. See

<er>Friesic</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Frisk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>frieque</ets>, cf. OHG. <ets>frise</ets> lively, brisk,

fresh, Dan. & Sw. <ets>frisk</ets>, Icel. <ets>friskr</ets>. See

<er>Fresh</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Lively; brisk;

frolicsome; frisky.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Frisk</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A frolic; a fit of wanton

gayety; a gambol: a little playful skip or leap.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Frisk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Frisked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Frisking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To leap, skip,

dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety.</def>



<q>The <qex>frisking</qex> satyrs on the summits danced.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Frisk"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A leap or

caper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Frisker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who frisks;

one who leaps of dances in gayety; a wanton; an inconstant or

unsettled person.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>Fris"ket</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>frisguette</ets>. Perh. so named from the velocity or

frequency of its motion. See <er>Frisk</er> <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The light frame which holds the sheet of

paper to the tympan in printing.</def>



<hw>Frisk"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Brisk;

lively; frolicsome.</def>



<hw>Frisk"i*ly'</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

frisky manner.</def>



<hw>Frisk"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or quality of

being frisky.</def>



<hw>Frisk"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to frisk;

frolicsome; gay.</def>



<q>He is too <qex>frisky</qex> for an old man.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<hw>Fris"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>[<???/Cf.

<er>Fraise</er> a kind of defense; also <er>Friz</er>.) A kind of

small ruffle.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Frist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fristen</ets>, <ets>firsten</ets>, to lend, give respite,

postpone, AS. <ets>firstan</ets> to give respite to; akin to

first time, G. <ets>frist</ets>, Icel. <ets>frest</ets>

delay.]</ety> <def>To sell upon credit, as goods.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fri"sure`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The dressing of the hair by crisping or

curling.</def>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<hw>Frit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fritte</ets>, fr. <ets>frit</ets> fried, p. p. of

<ets>frire</ets> to fry. See <er>Far</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>The

material of which glass is made, after having been calcined or

partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a

composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other

ingredients.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Ceramics)</fld> <def>The material for glaze of

pottery.</def>



<cs><col>Frit brick</col>, <cd>a lump of calcined glass

materials, brought to a pasty condition in a reverberatory

furnace, preliminary to the perfect vitrification in the melting

pot.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fritted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fritting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To prepare by heat (the

materials for making glass); to fuse partially.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Frit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fritter; -- with

away.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>



<hw>Frith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>firth</ets>, Icel. <ets>fj\'94r<?/r</ets>; akin to Sw.

<ets>fj\'84rd</ets>, Dan. <ets>fiord</ets>, E. <ets>ford</ets>.

<root/78. See <er>Ford</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Firth</er>, <er>Fiord</er>, <er>Fret</er> a frith,

<er>Port</er> a harbor.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A narrow arm of the sea; an

estuary; the opening of a river into the sea; <as>as, the

<ex>Frith</ex> of Forth</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of weir for catching fish.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Carew.</au>



<hw>Frith</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>frith</ets> peace,

protection, land inclosed for hunting, park, forest, AS.

<ets>fri<?/</ets> peace; akin to <ets>freno<?/</ets> peace,

protection, asylum, G. <ets>friede</ets> peace, Icel.

<ets>fri<?/r</ets>, and from the root of E. free, friend. See

<er>Free</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Affray</er>,

<er>Defray</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A forest; a woody

place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small field taken out of a common, by

inclosing it; an inclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir J. Wynne.</au>



<hw>Frith"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Woody.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Skelton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Frit"il*la`ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fritillus</ets> dicebox: cf. F.

<ets>fritillaire</ets>. So named from the checkered markings of

the petals.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of liliaceous

plants, of which the crown-imperial (<spn>Fritillaria

imperialis</spn>) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower

(<spn>F. Meleagris</spn>) another. See

<er>Crown-imperial</er>.</def>



<hw>Frit"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with checkered petals, of the

genus Fritillaria: the Guinea-hen flower. See

<er>Fritillaria</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of

butterflies belonging to <spn>Argynnis</spn> and allied genera;

-- so called because the coloring of their wings resembles that

of the common <spn>Fritillaria</spn>. See

<er>Aphrodite</er>.</def>



<hw>Frit"i*nan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fritinnire</ets> to twitter.] <def>A chirping or creaking,

as of a cricket. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> </def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Frit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OR.

<ets>fritour</ets>, <ets>friture</ets>, pancake, F.

<ets>friture</ets> frying, a thing fried, from <ets>frire</ets>

to fry. See <er>Far</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a

frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the

substance inclosed in the batter; <as>as, apple

<ex>fritters</ex>, clam <ex>fritters</ex>, oyster

<ex>fritters</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fragment; a shred; a small piece.</def>



<q>And cut whole giants into <qex>fritters</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<cs><col>Corn fritter</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Corn</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frit"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Frittered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Frittering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break into small pieces or fragments.</def>



<q>Break all nerves, and <qex>fritter</qex> all their sense.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>To fritter away</col>, <cd>to diminish; to pare off; to

reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to

waste piecemeal; as, <xex>to fritter away<xex> time, strength,

credit, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frit"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frit</er> to expose to heat.]</ety> <def>The formation of

frit or slag by heat with but incipient fusion.</def>



<hw>Friv"o*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Frivolity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Pristley.</au>



<hw>Fri*vol"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Frivolities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cg. F.

<ets>frivolit\'82</ets>. See <er>Frivolous</er>.]</ety> <def>The

condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or habits of

trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.</def>



<-- p. 598 -->





<hw>Friv"o*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frivolus</ets>; prob. akin to <ets>friare</ets> to rub,

crumble, E. <ets>friable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frivole</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of little weight or importance; not worth

notice; slight; <as>as, a <ex>frivolous</ex> argument</as>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming

levity; silly; interested especially in trifling matters.</def>



<q>His personal tastes were low and <qex>frivolous</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Friv"o*lous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Friv"o*lous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Friz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Frizzed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Frizzing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>friser</ets> to

curl, crisp, <ets>frizzle</ets>, to raise the nap (on certain

stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. <ets>frisle</ets> hair of the head.

Cf. <er>Frieze</er> kind of cloth.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>frizz</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To curl or form into

small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp.</def>



<q>With her hair <qex>frizzed</qex> short up to her ears.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or

tufts, as the nap of cloth.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Leather Manufacture)</fld> <def>To soften and

make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice stone or a

blunt instrument.</def>



<cs><col>Frizzing machine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Fabrics)</fld> <cd>A machine for frizzing the surface of

cloth.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Wood Working)</fld> <cd>A bench

with a revolving cutter head slightly protruding above its

surface, for dressing boards.</cd></cs>



<hw>Friz</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frizzes</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>That which is frizzed; anything

crisped or curled, as a wig; a frizzle.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>frizz</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his

face and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed,

well-curled <qex>friz</qex> of words would be no less becoming to

his thoughts.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<hw>Frize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>See 1st <er>Frieze</er>.</def>



<hw>Friz"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>A movable furrowed piece of steel

struck by the flint, to throw sparks into the pan, in an early

form of flintlock.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Fri*zette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>frisette</ets> curl.]</ety> <def>A curl of hair or silk; a

pad of frizzed hair or silk worn by women under the hair to stuff

it out.</def>



<hw>Frizz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Friz</er>, <pos>v. t. & n.</pos></def>



<hw>Friz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Frizzled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Frizzling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. of <er>friz</er>.]</ety>

<def>To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to crinkle.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<cs><col>To frizzle up</col>, <cd>to crinkle or crisp

excessively.</cd></cs>



<hw>Friz"zle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A curl; a lock of hair

crisped.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Friz"zlez`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

frizzles.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Friz"zly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Friz"zy</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Curled or crisped;

<as>as, <ex>frizzly</ex>, hair</as>.</def>



<hw>Fro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fra</ets>, <ets>fro</ets>, adv. & prep., Icel.

<ets>fr<?/</ets>, akin to Dan. <ets>fra</ets> from, E.

<ets>from</ets>. See <er>From</er>.]</ety> <def>From; away; back

or backward; -- now used only in oppositionto the word

<xex>to</xex>, in the phrase to and <xex>fro</xex>, that is,

<xex>to and from</xex>. See <er>To and fro</er> under

<er>To</er>.</def>



<au>Millon.</au>



<hw>Fro</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>From.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Frock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>froc</ets> a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL.

<ets>frocus</ets>, <ets>froccus</ets>, <ets>flocus</ets>,

<ets>floccus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>floccus</ets> a flock of wool;

hence orig., a flocky cloth or garment;cf. L. <ets>flaccus</ets>

flabby, E. <ets>flaccid</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loose

outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European

modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse hirtlike

garment worn by some workmen over their ther clothes; a smock

frock; <as>as, a marketman's <ex>frock</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and

supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments.

It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and

is girded by a cord.</def>



<cs><col>Frock coat</col>, <cd>a body coat for men, usually

doublebreasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body,

but sewed on so as to be somewhat full.</cd> -- <col>Smock

frock</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To clothe in a

frock.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a monk of. Cf. <er>Unfrock</er>.</def>



<hw>Frocked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clothed in a

frock.</def>



<hw>Frock"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

a frock.</def>



<hw>Froe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frow</er>.]</ety> <def>A dirty woman; a slattern; a

frow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdRaging frantic

<xex>froes</xex>.\'b8



<au>Draylon.</au>



<hw>Froe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Frow</er> the

tool]</ety> <def>An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Frog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>froggu</ets>, <ets>frocga</ets> a frog (in sensel); akin to

D. <ets>vorsch</ets>, OHG. <ets>frosk</ets>, G.

<ets>frosch</ets>, Icel. <ets>froskr</ets>, <ets>fraukr</ets>,

Sw. & Dan. <ets>fr\'94</ets>.]</ety> <def>1.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> An amphibious animal of the genus

<spn>Rana</spn> and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim

rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter

loud notes in the springtime.</def>



<note><hand/ The edible frog of Europe (<spn>Rana

esculenta</spn>) is extensively used as food; the American

bullfrog (<spn>R. Catesbiana</spn>) is remarkable for its great

size and loud voice.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Perh. akin to E. <ets>fork</ets>, cf.

<ets>frush</ets> frog of a horse.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the

sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the

fourchette.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <def>A supporting plate having

raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the

wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <ets>fraco</ets> of wool or silk, L.

<ets>floccus</ets>, E. <ets>frock</ets>.]</ety> <def>An oblong

cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a

loop instead of a button hole.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or

sword.</def>



<cs><col>Cross frog</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a frog

adapted for tracks that cross at right angles.</cd> -- <col>Frog

cheese</col>, <cd>a popular name for a large puffball.</cd> --

<col>Frog eater</col>, <cd>one who eats frogs; -- a term of

contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of

English.</cd> -- <col>Frog fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Frog</er> hopper.</cd> -- <col>Frog hopper</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, leaping, hemipterous insect

living on plants.  The larv\'91 are inclosed are frothy liquid

called <xex>cuckoo spit</xex> or <xex>frog spit</xex>.</cd> -- 

<col>Frog lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the yellow water lily

(<spn>Nuphar</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Frog spit</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the frothy exudation of the <cref>frog

hopper</cref>; -- called also <altname>frog spittle</altname>.

See <cref>Cuckoo spit</cref>, under <er>Cuckoo</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To ornament or

fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See <er>Frog</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<hw>Frog"bit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European plant (<spn>Hydrocharis

Morsus-ran\'91</spn>), floating on still water and propagating

itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and small white

flowers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American plant

(<spn>Limnobium Spongia</spn>), with similar habits.</def>



<hw>Frog"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Angler</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An oceanic fish of the

genus <spn>Antennarius</spn> or <spn>Pterophrynoides</spn>; --

called also mousefish and toadfish.</def>



<hw>Frogged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Provided or

ornamented with frogs; <as>as, a <ex>frogged</ex> coat</as>. See

<er>Frog</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>



<hw>Frog"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in

frogs.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Frog"mouth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of Asiatic and

East Indian birds of the genus <spn>Batrachostomus</spn>  (family

<spn>Podargid\'91</spn>); -- so called from their very broad,

flat bills.</def>



<hw>Frog"s`-bit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Frogbit.</def>



<hw>Frog"shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous species of marine

gastropod shells, belonging to <spn>Ranella</spn> and allied

genera.</def>



<hw>Froise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>froise</ets> cf. F. <ets>froisser</ets> to bruise, E.

<ets>frush</ets> to bruise,]</ety> <def>A kind of pancake. See

1st <er>Fraise</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>fraise</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Frol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>vroolijk</ets>; akin to G. <ets>fr\'94lich</ets>, fr.

<ets>froh</ets>, OHG. <ets>fr<?/</ets>, Dan. <ets>fro</ets>, OS.

<ets>fr<?/h</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>fr<?/r</ets> swift; all perh.

akin to Skr. <ets>pru</ets> to spring up.]</ety> <def>Full of

levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks;

frolicsome; gay; merry.</def>



<q>The <qex>frolic</qex> wind that breathes the spring.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The gay, the <qex>frolic</qex>, and the loud.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<hw>Frol"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wild prank; a

flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth.</def>



<q>He would be at his <qex>frolic</qex> once again.</q>

<qau>Roscommon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play,

or in dancing; a merrymaking.</def>



<hw>Frol"ic</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Frolicked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Frolicking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play wild

pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge

in frolicsome play; to sport.</def>



<q>Hither, come hither, and <qex>frolic</qex> and play.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Frol"ic*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Frolicsome.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Frol"ick*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Frolicsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Richardson.</au>



<hw>Frol"ic*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a frolicsome manner;

with mirth and gayety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Frol"ic*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive.</def>



<q>Old England, who takes a <qex>frolicsome</qex> brain fever

once every two or three years, for the benefit of her

doctors.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Frol"ic*some*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Frol"ic*some*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>From</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fram</ets>, <ets>from</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fram</ets>

out, OHG. & Icel. <ets>fram</ets> forward, Sw. <ets>fram</ets>,

Dan. <ets>frem</ets>, Goth. <ets>fram</ets> from, prob. akin to

E. <ets>forth</ets>. <?/202. Cf. <er>Fro</er>,

<er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <def>Out of the neighborhood of;

lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of;

out of; by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out,

commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or

procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be

expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of

space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as

setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the

cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the

aritithesis and correlative of <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, it, is one

hundred miles <ex>from</ex> Boston to Springfield; he took his

sword <ex>from</ex> his side; light proceeds from the sun;

separate the coarse wool <ex>from</ex> the fine; men have all

sprung <ex>from</ex> Adam, and often go <ex>from</ex> good to

bad, and <ex>from</ex> bad to worse; the merit of an action

depends on the principle <ex>from</ex> which it proceeds; men

judge of facts <ex>from</ex> personal knowledge, or <ex>from</ex>

testimony.</as></def>



<q>Experience <qex>from</qex> the time past to the time

present.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The song began <qex>from</qex> Jove.</q>

<qau>Drpden.</qau>



<q><qex>From</qex> high M\'91onia's rocky shores I came.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>If the wind blow any way <qex>from</qex> shore.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>From</xex> sometimes denotes <xex>away

from</xex>, <xex>remote from</xex>, <xex>inconsistent with</xex>.

\'bdAnything so overdone is <xex>from</xex> the purpose of

playing.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. <xex>From</xex>, when joined with

another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for

abbreviating the sentence. \'bdThere followed him great

multitudes of people . . . <xex>from</xex> [the land]

<xex>beyond</xex> Jordan.\'b8 <au>Math. iv. 25</au>. In certain

constructions, as <xex>from forth</xex>, <xex>from out</xex>,

etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the

sense being more distinctly <xex>forth from</xex>, <xex>out

from</xex> -- <xex>from</xex> being virtually the governing

preposition, and the word the adverb. See <cref>From off</cref>,

under <er>Off</er>, <pos>adv.</pos>, and <cref>From afar</cref>,

under <er>Afar</er>, <pos>adv.</pos></note>



<q>Sudden partings such as press

The life <qex>from out</qex> young hearts.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>From"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>From"wards</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>framweard</ets> about to depart. Cf. <er>Froward</er>]</ety>

<def>A way from; -- the contrary of toward.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Towards or <qex>fromwards</qex> the zenith.</q>

<qau>Cheyne.</qau>



<hw>Frond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frons</ets>, <ets>frondis</ets>, a leafy branch,

foliage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The organ formed by the

combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often

bearing the fructification; <as>as, the <ex>frond</ex> of a fern

or of a lichen or seaweed</as>; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm

tree.</def>



<hw>Fron*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frondatio</ets>, from <ets>frons</ets>. See

<er>Frond</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of stripping, as trees, of

leaves or branches; a kind of pruning.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fronde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(F. Hist.)</fld> <def>A political party in France, during

the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made

war upon the court party.</def>



<hw>Frond"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

fronds.</def> \'bdFronded palms.\'b8



<au>Whittier.</au>



<hw>Fron"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frondens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>frondere</ets> to put forth

leaves. See <er>Frond</er>.]</ety> <def>Covered with leaves;

leafy; <as>as, a <ex>frondent</ex> tree</as>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fron*desce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frondescere</ets>, inchoative fr. <ets>frondere</ets>. See

<er>Frondent</er>.]</ety> <def>To unfold leaves, as plants.</def>



<hw>Fron*des"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The time at which each

species of plants unfolds its leaves.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

act of bursting into leaf.</def>



<au>Milne.  Martyn.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fron"deur`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(F. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of the

Fronde.</def>



<hw>Fron*dif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frondifer frons</ets> a leafy branch + ferre to bear: cf. F.

<ets>frondifere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing fronds.</def>



<hw>Frond"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A very small frond, or distinct portion of a compound

frond.</def>



<hw>Fron*dose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frondosus</ets> leafy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Frond bearing; resembling a frond; having a simple expansion

not separable into stem and leaves.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Leafy.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Fron"dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Frondose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Frons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

<ets>front</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anal.)</fld> <def>The forehead;

the part of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex.</def>



<hw>Front</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>frant</ets> forehead, L. <ets>frons</ets>,

<ets>frontis</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>brow</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The forehead or brow, the part of the face above

the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face.</def>



<q>Bless'd with his father's <qex>front</qex>, his mother's

tongue.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled

<qex>front</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>His <qex>front</qex> yet threatens, and his frowns

command.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The forehead, countenance, or personal presence,

as expressive of character or temper, and especially, of boldness

of disposition, sometimes of impudence; seeming; <as>as, a bold

<ex>front</ex>; a hardened <ex>front.</ex></as></def>



<q>With smiling <qex>fronts</qex> encountering.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The inhabitants showed a bold <qex>front</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The part or surface of anything which seems to

look out, or to be directed forward; the fore or forward part;

the foremost rank; the van; -- the opposite to back or rear;

<as>as, the <ex>front</ex> of a house; the <ex>front</ex> of an

army</as>.</def>



<q>Had he his hurts before?

Ay, on the <qex>front</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A position directly before the face of a person,

or before the foremost part of a thing; <as>as, in <ex>front</ex>

of un person, of the troops, or of a house</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The most conspicuous part.</def>



<q>The very head and <qex>front</qex> of my offending.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which covers the foremost part of the head:

a front piece of false hair worn by women.</def>



<q>Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The beginning.</def> \'bdSummer's

<xex>front</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Bastioned front</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a curtain

connerting two half bastions.</cd> -- <col>Front door</col>,

<cd>the door in the front wall of a building, usually the

principal entrance.</cd> -- <col>Front of fortification</col>,

<cd>the works constructed upon any one side of a polygon.</cd>

<au>Farrow</au>. -- <col>Front of operations</col>, <cd>all that

part of the field of operations in front of the successive

positions occupied by the army as it moves forward.</cd>

<au>Farrow</au>. -- <col>To come to the front</col>, <cd>to

attain prominence or leadership.</cd></cs>



<hw>Front</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating to the front or

forward part; having a position in front; foremost; <as>as, a

<ex>front</ex> view</as>.</def>



<hw>Front</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fronted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fronting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To oppose face

to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner.</def>



<q>You four shall <qex>front</qex> them in the narrow lane.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To appear before; to meet.</def>



<q>[Enid] daily <qex>fronted</qex> him

In some fresh splendor.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To face toward; to have the front toward; to

confront; <as>as, the house <ex>fronts</ex> the

street</as>.</def>



<q>And then suddenly <qex>front</qex> the changed reality.</q>

<qau>J. Morley.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against

as, his house fronts the church.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To adorn in front; to supply a front to; <as>as,

to <ex>front</ex> a house with marble; to <ex>front</ex> a head

with laurel</as>.</def>



<q>Yonder walls, that pertly <qex>front</qex> your town.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Front</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To have or turn the face or

front in any direction; <as>as, the house <ex>fronts</ex> toward

the east</as>.</def>



<hw>Front"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The front

part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.</def>



<hw>Fron"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>frontal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the front part;

being in front</def>; esp. <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <def>Of or

pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the roof of

the brain case; <as>as, the <ex>frontal</ex> bones</as>.</def>



<hw>Fron"tal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>frontal</ets>,

<ets>fronteau</ets>, OF. <ets>Frontel</ets>, <ets>frontal</ets>,

L. <ets>frontale</ets> an ornament for the forehead, frontlet.

See <er>Front</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something worn on the

forehead or face; a frontlet</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An

ornamental band for the hair</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The metal face guard of a soldier.</def>



<-- p. 599 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A little pediment over a door

or window.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A movable, decorative member

in metal, carved wood, or, commonly, in rich stuff or in

embroidery, covering the front of the altar. Frontals are usually

changed according to the different ceremonies.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicament or application

for the forehead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The frontal bone, or one of

the two frontal bones, of the cranium.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Frontal</col> <col>hammer <or/ helve</col></mcol>,

<cd>a forge hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a \'bdtongue\'b8

immediately in front of the hammer head.</cd></cs>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fron"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fron'ta*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Growing broader and

broader, as a leaf; truncate.</def>



<hw>Front"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed with a

front; drawn up in line.</def> \'bdFronted brigades.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fron"tier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fronti\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>frontaria</ets>. See

<er>Front</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That part of a country

which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the

marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country,

bordering on another country; the border of the settled and

cultivated part of a country; <as>as, the <ex>frontier</ex> of

civilization</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An outwork.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Palisadoes, <qex>frontiers</qex>, parapets.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fron"tier</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Lying on the

exterior part; bordering; conterminous; <as>as, a

<ex>frontier</ex> town</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or relating to a frontier.</def> \'bdFrontier

experience.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<hw>Fron"tier</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To constitute or form a

frontier; to have a frontier; -- with on.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>



<hw>Fron"tiered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Placed

on the frontiers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Floa"tiers*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Frontiersmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man living

on the frontier.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Fron`ti*gnac"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Fron`ti`gnan"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[So called from <ets>Frontignan</ets>, a town in Southern

France.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sweet muscadine wine made in

Frontignan (Languedoc), France.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grape of many varieties and

colors.</def>



<hw>Front"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

fronting or facing position; opposingly.</def>



<hw>Fron`tin*iac"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Frontignac</er>.</def>



<hw>Fron"tis*piece</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>frontispice</ets>, LL. <ets>frontispicium</ets> beginning,

front of a church, fr. L. <ets>frons</ets> front +

<ets>spicere</ets>, <ets>specere</ets>, to look at, view: cf. It.

<ets>frontispizio</ets>. See <er>Front</er> and

<er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <def>The part which first meets the

eye</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The principal

front of a building</def>. <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first

page, or titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage

itself.</def>



<hw>Front"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without face

or front; shameless; not diffident; impudent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Frontless</xex> vice.\'b8

<au>Dryden</au>. \'bd<xex>Frontless</xex> flattery.\'b8

<au>Pope</au>.



<hw>Front"less*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Shamelessly;

impudently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Front"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

frontelet brow band, dim. of <ets>frontel</ets>,

<ets>frontal</ets>. See <er>Frontal</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on

the forehead.</def>



<q>They shall be as <qex>frontlets</qex> between thine eyes.</q>

<qau>Deut. vi. 8.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A frown (likened to a frontlet).</def> <mark>[R.

& Poetic]</mark>



<q>What makes that <qex>frontlet</qex> on? Methinks you are too

much of late i' the frown.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The margin of the head,

behind the bill of birds, often bearing rigid bristles.</def>



<hw>Fron"to-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>frons</ets>,

<ets>frontis</ets>, the forehead.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>A combining form signifying <xex>relating to the

forehead</xex> or <xex>the frontal bone</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>fronto-</ex>parietal, relating to the frontal and the

parietal bones; <ex>fronto-</ex>nasal, etc.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8Fron`ton"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

pediment. See <er>Front</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same

as <er>Frontal</er>, 2.</def>

<--2. a jai-alai fronton -->



<hw>Frop"pish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Frap</er>, <er>Frape</er>.]</ety> <def>Peevish;

froward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<hw>Frore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frorn</er>.]</ety> <def>Frostily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The parching air

Burns <qex>frore</qex>, and cold performs the effect of fire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Frorn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>froren</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fre\'a2sun</ets> to freeze. See

<er>Freeze</er>.]</ety> <def>Frozen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Well nigh <qex>frorn</qex> I feel.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Fro"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fre\'a2rig</ets>. See <er>Frorn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Frozen; stiff with cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Covered with a froth like hoarfrost.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The foaming steed with <qex>frory</qex> bit to steer.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Frost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>frost</ets>, <ets>forst</ets>, AS. <ets>forst</ets>,

<ets>frost</ets>. fr. <ets>fre\'a2san</ets> to freeze; akin to D.

<ets>varst</ets>, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. <ets>frost</ets>.

\'fb18. See <er>Freeze</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of freezing; -- applied chiefly to the congelation

of water; congelation of fluids.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or temperature of the air which

occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or

freezing weather.</def>



<q>The third bay comes a <qex>frost</qex>, a killing

<qex>frost</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Frozen dew; -- called also

<altname>hoarfrost</altname> or <altname>white

frost</altname>.</def>



<q>He scattereth the <qex>frost</qex> like ashes.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxlvii. 16.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity

of character.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>It was of those moments of intense feeling when the

<qex>frost</qex> of the Scottish people melts like a snow

wreath.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>Black frost</col>, <cd>cold so intense as to freeze

vegetation and cause it to turn black, without the formation of

hoarfrost.</cd> -- <col>Frost bearer</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>,

<cd>a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of water

in a vacuum; a cryophous.</cd> -- <col>Frost grape</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American grape, with very small, acid

berries.</cd> -- <col>Frost lamp</col>, <cd>a lamp placed below

the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold

nights; -- used especially in lighthouses.</cd> <au>Knight</au>.

-- <col>Frost nail</col>, <cd>a nail with a sharp head driven

into a horse's shoe to keen him from slipping.</cd> -- <col>Frost

smoke</col>, <cd>an appearance resembling smoke, caused by

congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe

cold.</cd>



<q>The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black

obscurity: it is the <qex>frost</qex> smoke of arctic

winters.</q>

<qau>Kane.</qau>



-- <col>Frost valve</col>, <cd>a valve to drain the portion of a

pipe, hydrant, pump, etc., where water would be liable to

freeze.</cd> -- <col>Jack Frost</col>, <cd>a popular

personification of frost.</cd></cs>



<hw>Frost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Frostted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Frosting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface

resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass.</def>



<q>While with a hoary light she <qex>frosts</qex> the ground.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or

calks of horseshoes, so as to fit them for frosty weather.</def>



<hw>Frost"bird</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The golden plover.</def>



<hw>Frost"bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as

the ears or nose.</def>



<au>Kane.</au>



<hw>Frost`bite"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To expose to the

effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with

frost.</def>



<q>My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to

<qex>frostbite</qex> themselves.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<hw>Frost`-bit"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos>

<def>Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or freezing.</def>



<hw>Frost`-blite"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Atriplex</spn>; orache.</def> <au>Gray</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The lamb's-quarters (<spn>Chenopodium album</spn>).</def>



<au>Dr. Prior.</au>



<hw>Frost"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with hoarfrost or

anything resembling hoarfrost; ornamented with frosting; also,

frost-bitten; <as>as, a <ex>frosted</ex> cake; <ex>frosted</ex>

glass</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Frosted</qex> work is introduced as a foil or contrast to

burnished work.</q>

<qau>Knight.</qau>



<hw>Frost`fish"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The tomcod; -- so called

because it is abundant on the New England coast in autumn at

about the commencement of frost. See <er>Tomcod</er>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The smelt</def>. <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A name applied in New Zealand to the scabbard

fish (<spn>Lepidotus</spn>) valued as a food fish.</def>



<hw>Frost"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

frosty manner.</def>



<hw>Frost"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or quality of

being frosty.</def>



<hw>Frost"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A composition

of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover or ornament cake, pudding,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the

process of producing such a finish.</def>



<hw>Frost"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from frost; <as>as,

a <ex>frostless</ex> winter</as>.</def>



<hw>Frost"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American species of rockrose

(<spn>Helianthemum Canadense</spn>), sometimes used in medicine

as an astringent or aromatic tonic.</def>



<note><hand/ It has large yellow flowers which are often sterile,

and later it has abundant but inconspicuous flowers which bear

seed. It is so called because, late in autumn, crystals of ice

shoot from the cracked bark at the root; -- called also

frostwort.</note>



<hw>Frost`work"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which moisture

sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a

flagstone.</def>



<hw>Frost`wort"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Frostweed</er>.</def>



<hw>Frost"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>fyrstig</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Attended with, or

producing, frost; having power to congeal water; cold; freezing;

<as>as, a <ex>frosty</ex> night</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Covered with frost; <as>as, the grass is

<ex>frosty</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Chill in affection; without warmth of affection

or courage.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white;

gray-haired; <as>as, a <ex>frosty</ex> head</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Frote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>frotter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rub or wear by rubbing; to

chafe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Fro"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

frotes; one who rubs or chafes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Froth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>frothe</ets>, Icel. <ets>fro\'eba</ets>; akin to Dan.

<ets>fraade</ets>, Sw. <ets>fradga</ets>, AS.

<ets>\'befreo\'eban</ets> to froth.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by

fermentation or agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva

caused by disease or nervous excitement.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence;

rhetoric without thought.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<q>It was a long speech, but all <qex>froth</qex>.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Light, unsubstantial matter.</def>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<cs><col>Froth insect</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cuckoo

spit or frog hopper; -- called also <altname>froth

spit</altname>, <altname>froth worm</altname>, and <altname>froth

fly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Froth spit</col>. <cd>See

<cref>Cuckoo spit</cref>, under Cuckoo.</cd></cs>



<hw>Froth</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Frothed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos>. <er>Frothing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cause to foam.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spit, vent, or eject, as froth.</def>



<q>He . . . <qex>froths</qex> treason at his mouth.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Is your spleen <qex>frothed</qex> out, or have ye more?</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cover with froth; <as>as, a horse

<ex>froths</ex> his chain</as>.</def>



<hw>Froth</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To throw up or out spume,

foam, or bubbles; to foam; as beer <xex>froths</xex>; a horse

<xex>froths</xex>.</def>



<hw>Froth"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

frothy manner.</def>



<hw>Froth"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or quality of

being frothy.</def>



<hw>Froth"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Exaggerated declamation;

rant.</def>



<hw>Froth"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from froth.</def>



<hw>Froth"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Frothier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Frothiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light

bubbles; spumous; foamy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not firm or solid; soft; unstable.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of the nature of froth; light; empty;

unsubstantial; <as>as, a <ex>frothy</ex> speaker or

harangue</as>.</def>



<au>Tillotson.</au>



<hw>Frounce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Frounced</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Frouncing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>frouncen</ets>,

<ets>fronsen</ets>, to told, wrinkle, OF. <ets>froncier</ets>, F.

<ets>froncer</ets>, perh. fr. an assumed LL. <ets>frontiare</ets>

to wrinkle the forehead, L. <ets>frons</ets> forehead. See

<er>Front</er>, and cf. <er>Flounce</er> part of a dress.]</ety>

<def>To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form

wrinkles in or upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair.</def>



<q>Not tricked and <qex>frounced</qex>, as she was wont.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Frounce</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form wrinkles in the

forehead; to manifest displeasure; to frown.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The Commons <qex>frounced</qex> and stormed.</q>

<qau> Holland.</qau>



<hw>Frounce</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wrinkle,

plait, or curl; a flounce; -- also, a frown.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An affection in hawks, in which white spittle

gathers about the hawk's bill.</def>



<au>Booth.</au>



<hw>Frounce"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without frounces.</def>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>Frou"zy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>frouzy</ets> froward, peevish, offensive to the eye or

smell; cf. <ets>froust</ets> a musty smell, frouse to rumple,

frouze to curl, and E. <ets>frounce</ets>,

<ets>frowy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and

offensive to the smell or sight; slovenly; dingy. See

<er>Frowzy</er>.</def> \'bdPetticoats in <xex>frouzy</xex>

heaps.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Frow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>vrouw</ets>; akin to G. <ets>frau</ets> woman, wife, goth,

<ets>fr\'a0uja</ets> master, lord, AS. <ets>fre\'a0</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A woman; especially, a Dutch or German

woman.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dirty woman; a slattern.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Frow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Frower</er>.]</ety> <def>A cleaving tool with handle at right

angles to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from

the block; a frower.</def>



<hw>Frow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Brittle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Fro"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fro</ets> + <ets>-ward</ets>. See <er>Fro</er>, and

cf. <er>Fromward</er>.]</ety> <def>Not willing to yield or compIy

with what is required or is reasonable; perverse; disobedient;

peevish; <as>as, a <ex>froward</ex> child</as>.</def>



<q>A <qex>froward</qex> man soweth strife.</q>

<qau>Prov. xvi. 28.</qau>



<q>A <qex>froward</qex> retention of custom is as turbulent a

thing as innovation.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable:

refractory; obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See

<er>Perverse</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fro"ward*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- 

<wf>Fro"ward*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Frow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>frow</ets> a frower, and Prov. E,

<ets>frommard</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tool. See 2d

<er>Frow</er>.</def>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Frow"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frow</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>

<def>Working smoothly, or without splitting; -- said of

timber.</def>



<hw>Frown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. &, p. p.</pos> <er>Frowned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Frowning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>froignier</ets>,

F. <ets>frogner</ets>, <ets>in se refrogner</ets>, <ets>se

renfrogner</ets>, to knit the brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic

origin; cf. It. <ets>in frigno</ets> wrinkled, frowning, Prov.

It. <ets>frignare</ets> to cringe the face, to make a wry face,

dial. Sw. <ets>fryna</ets> to make a wry face,]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To contract the brow in displeasure, severity, or sternness;

to scowl; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look.</def>



<q>The <qex>frowning</qex> wrinkle of her brow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to

look with disfavor or threateningly; to lower; <as>as, polite

society <ex>frowns</ex> upon rudeness</as>.</def>



<q>The sky doth <qex>frown</qex> and lower upon our army.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Frown</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To repress or repel by

expressing displeasure or disapproval; to rebuke with a look;

<as>as, <ex>frown</ex> the impudent fellow into

silence</as>.</def>



<hw>Frown</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wrinkling of the

face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a sour, severe, or stere look;

a scowl.</def>



<q>His front yet threatens, and his <qex>frowns</qex>

command.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<q>Her very <qex>frowns</qex> are fairer far

Than smiles of other maidens are.</q>

<qau>H. Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any expression of displeasure; <as>as, the

<ex>frowns</ex> of Providence; the <ex>frowns</ex> of

Fortune.</as></def>



<hw>Frown"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a frowning

manner.</def>



<hw>Frown"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Frowning;

scowling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Her <qex>frowny</qex> mother's ragged shoulder.</q>

<qau>Sir F. Palgrave.</qau>



<hw>Frow"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Frowzy</er>, <er>Frouzy</er>.]</ety> <def>Musty. rancid;

<as>as, <ex>frowy</ex> butter</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Frowy</xex>

feed.\'b8



<au>Spenser</au>



<hw>Frow"zy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frouzy</er>.]</ety> <def>Slovenly; unkempt; untidy;

frouzy.</def> \'bdWith head all <xex>frowzy</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>The <qex>frowzy</qex> soldiers' wives hanging out clothes.</q>

<qau>W. D. Howells.</qau>



<hw>Froze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Freeze</er>.</def>



<hw>Fro"zen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; <as>as, a

<ex>frozen</ex> brook</as>.</def>



<q>They warmed their <qex>frozen</qex> feet.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold;

chilly; <as>as, the <ex>frozen</ex> north; the <ex>frozen</ex>

zones.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Be not ever <qex>frozen</qex>, coy.</q>

<qau>T. Carew.</qau>



<hw>Fro"zen*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of being

frozen.</def>



<hw>Frub"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Furbish</er>.]</ety> <def>To rub up: to furbish.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. c& Et.</au>



<hw>Fruc"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fructus</ets> fruit. See <er>Fruit</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bearing fruit; -- said of a tree or plant

so represented upon an escutcheon.</def>



<au>Cussans.</au>



<hw>Fruc*tes"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fructus</ets> fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

maturing or ripening of fruit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Martyn.</au>



<hw>Fruc*tic"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fruitful; full of fruit.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fruc`ti`dor"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. L. <ets>fructus</ets> fruit.]</ety> <def>The twelfth month of

the French republican calendar; -- commencing August 18, and

ending September 16. See <er>Vend\'82miaire</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fruc*tif"er*uos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fructifer</ets>; <ets>fructus</ets> fruit + <ets>ferre</ets>

to bear; cf. F. <ets>fructif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or

producing fruit.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>fructificatio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fructification</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or rendering

productive of fruit; fecundation.</def>



<q>The prevalent <qex>fructification</qex> of plants.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Brown.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The collective

organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or

reproductive spores.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The process of

producing fruit, or seeds, or spores.</def>



<-- p. 600 -->



<--p. 600 -->



<hw>Fruc"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fructifier</ets>, L. <ets>fructificare</ets>;

<ets>fructus</ets> fruit + <ets>ficare</ets> (only in comp.),

akin to L. <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fruit</er>, and

<er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>To bear fruit.</def> \'bdCauseth the

earth to <xex>fructify</xex>.\'b8



<au>Beveridge.</au>



<hw>Fruc"ti*fy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fructified</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Fructifying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make

fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; <as>as, to

<ex>fructify</ex> the earth</as>.</def>



<hw>Fruc*tose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fructus</ets> fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Fruit

sugar; levulose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fruc"tu*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fructuaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>fructuarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who enjoys the profits,

income, or increase of anything.</def>



<q>Kings are not proprietors nor <qex>fructuaries</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prynne.</qau>



<hw>Fruc"tu*a`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Produce;

fruit,</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fruc"tu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fructuosus</ets>: cf, F. <ets>fructueux</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Fruitful; productive; profitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Nothing <qex>fructuous</qex> or profitable.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fruc"tu*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- 

<wf>Fruc"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Fruc"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frui</ets>, <ets>p. p. fructus</ets>, to enjoy. See

<er>Fruit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Use; fruition;

enjoyment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Frue" van"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A moving, inclined,

endless apron on which ore is concentrated by a current of water;

a kind of buddle.</def>



<hw>Fru"gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frugalis</ets>, fr. <ets>frugi</ets>, lit., for

<ets>fruit</ets>; hence, fit for food, useful, proper, temperate,

the dative of <ets>frux</ets>, <ets>frugis</ets>, fruit, akin to

E. <ets>fruit</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frugal</ets>. See

<er>Fruit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Economical

in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish;

wise in the expenditure or application of force, materials, time,

etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving;

<as>as, a <ex>frugal</ex> housekeeper; <ex>frugal</ex> of

time.</as></def>



<q>I oft admire

How Nature, wise and <qex>frugal</qex>, could commit

Such disproportions.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; <as>as,

a frugal fortune</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Frugal</xex> fare.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fru*gal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Frugalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>frugalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frugalit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being frugal; prudent economy;

that careful management of anything valuable which expends

nothing unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable

purpose; thrift; --- opposed to <xex>extravagance</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Frugality</qex> is founded on the principle that all

riches have

limits.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sparing use; sparingness; <as>as, frugality of

praise</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Economy; parsimony. See <er>Economy</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fru"gal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Thriftily;

prudently.</def>



<hw>Fru"gal*ness</hw><def>, <pos>n.</pos> Quality of being

frugal; frugality.</def>



<hw>Fru*gif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frugifer</ets>; <ets>frux</ets>, <ets>frugis</ets>, fruit +

<ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>frugifere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fru*giv"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Frugivorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The fruit bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the

bats which live on fruits. See <cref>Eruit bat</cref>, under

<er>Fruit</er>.</def>



<hw>Fru*giv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frux</ets>, <ets>frugis</ets>, fruit + <ets>vorare</ets> to

devour.: cf. F. <ets>frugivore</ets>.]</ety> <def>Feeding on

fruit, as birds and other animals.</def>



<au>Pennant.</au>



<hw>Fruit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fruit</ets>, <ets>frut</ets>, F. <ets>fruit</ets>, from L.

<ets>fructus</ets> enjoyment, product, fruit, from

<ets>frui</ets>, p. p. <ets>fructus</ets>, to enjoy; akin to E.

<ets>brook</ets>, <pos>v. t.</pos> See <er>Broook</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Fructify</er>, <er>Frugal</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Whatever is produced for the nourishment or

enjoyment of man or animals by the processes of vegetable growth,

as corn, grass, cotton, flax, etc.; -- commonly used in the

plural.</def>



<q>Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the

<qex>fruits</qex> thereof.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxiii. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The pulpy, edible seed

vessels of certain plants, especially those grown on branches

above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes, melons, berries, etc.

See 3.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ripened ovary of a

flowering plant, with its contents and whatever parts are

consolidated with it.</def>



<note><hand/ Fruits are classified as <xex>fleshy</xex>,

<xex>drupaceous</xex>, and -<xex>dry</xex>. <xex>Fleshy

fruits</xex> include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike

fruita and pomes; <xex>drupaceous fruits</xex> are stony within

and fleshy without, as peaches, plums, and chercies;and <xex>dry

fruits</xex> are further divided into <xex>achenes</xex>,

<xex>follicles</xex>, <xex>legumes</xex>, <xex>capsules</xex>,

<xex>nuts</xex>, and several other kinds.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spore cases or

conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of ferns, mosses, algae,

etc., with the spores contained in them.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The produce of animals; offspring; young;

<as>as, the fruit of the womb, of the loins, of the

body</as>.</def>



<q>King Edward's <qex>fruit</qex>, true heir to the English

crown.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which is produced; the effect or

consequence of any action; advantageous or desirable product or

result; disadvantageous or evil consequence or effect; <as>as,

the fruits of labor, of self-denial, of intemperance</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>fruit</qex> of rashness.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>What I obtained was the <qex>fruit</qex> of no bargain.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>They shall eat the <qex>fruit</qex> of their doings.</q>

<qau>Is. iii 10.</qau>



<q>The <qex>fruits</qex> of this education became visible.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Fruit</xex> is frequently used adjectively,

signifying <xex>of</xex>, <xex>for</xex>, <xex>or pertaining

to</xex> a <xex>fruit</xex> or <xex>fruits</xex>; as,

<xex>fruit</xex> bud; <xex>fruit</xex> frame; <xex>fruit</xex>

jar; <xex>fruit</xex> knife; <xex>fruit</xex> loft;

<xex>fruit</xex> show; <xex>fruit</xex> stall; <xex>fruit</xex>

tree; etc.</note>



<cs><col>Fruit bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

Frugivora; -- called also <altname>fruit-eating

bat</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fruit bud</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a bud that produces fruit; -- in most oplants the same as the

power bud.</cd> <col>Fruit dot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

collection of fruit cases, as in ferns.</cd> See <er>Sorus</er>.

-- <col>Fruit fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small

dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Drosophila</spn>, which lives

in fruit, in the larval state.</cd> -- <col>Fruit jar</col>,

<cd>a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of glass or

earthenware.</cd> -- <col>Fruit pigeon</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of pigeons of

the family <spn>Carpophagid\'91</spn>, inhabiting India,

Australia, and the Pacific Islands. They feed largely upon fruit.

and are noted for their beautiful colors.</cd> -- <col>Fruit

sugar</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of sugar occurring,

naturally formed, in many ripe fruits, and in honey; levulose.

The name is also, though rarely, applied to <xex>invert

sugar</xex>, or to the natural mixture or dextrose and levulose

resembling it, and found in fruits and honey.</cd> -- <col>Fruit

tree</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>a tree cultivated for its

edible fruit.</cd> -- <col>Fruit worm</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of insect

larv\'91: which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly

small species of Lepidoptera and Diptera.</cd> -- <col>Small

fruits</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>currants, raspberries,

strawberries, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fruit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bear

fruit.</def>



<au>Chesterfield.</au>



<hw>Fruit"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fruitage</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fruit, collectively;

fruit, in general; fruitery.</def>



<q>The trees . . . ambrosial <qex>fruitage</qex> bear.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Product or result of any action; effect, good or

ill.</def>



<hw>Fruit"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A ship for

carrying fruit.</def>



<hw>Fruit"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fruitier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who deals in fruit; a seller

of fruits.</def>



<hw>Fruit"er*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who sells

fruit.</def>



<hw>Fruit"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fruiteries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>fruiterie</ets> place where fruit is kept, in OF. also,

<ets>fruitage</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage.</def>



<au>J. Philips.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A repository for fruit.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fruit"es*tere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fruiteress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ftuit"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results; prolific;

fertile; liberal; bountiful; <as>as, a <ex>fruitful</ex> tree, or

season, or soil; a <ex>fruitful</ex> wife.</as></def> --

<wordforms><wf>Fruit"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fruit"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Be <qex>fruitful</qex> and multiply and replenish the

earth.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 28.</qau>



<q>[Nature] By disburdening grows

More <qex>fruitful</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The great <qex>fruitfulness</qex> of the poet's fancy.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful;

rich; abundant; plenteous. See <er>Fertile</er>.</syn>



<hw>Fruit"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or

producing, fruit.</def>



<hw>Fruit"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bearing of

fruit.</def>



<hw>Fru*i"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fruition</ets>, L. <ets>fruitio</ets>, enjoyment, fr. L.

<ets>frui</ets>, p. p. <ets>fruitus</ets>, to use or enjoy. See

<er>Fruit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Use or possession of

anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or

satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use.

\'bdCapacity of <xex>fruition</xex>.\'b8 <xex>Rogers</xex>.

\'bdGodlike <xex>fruition</xex>.\'b8 <xex>Milton</xex>.</def>



<q>Where I may have <qex>fruition</qex> of her love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fru"i*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fruition</er>.]</ety> <def>Eujoying; possessing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Fruit"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of

offspring; <as>as, a <ex>fruitless</ex> tree or shrub; a

<ex>fruitless</ex> marriage.</as></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain;

idle; useless; unprofitable; <as>as, a <ex>fruitless</ex>

attempt; a <ex>fruitless</ex> controversy.</as></def>



<q>They in mutual accusation spent

The <qex>fruitless</qex> hours.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive;

ineffectual; vain; idle; profitless. See <er>Useless</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fruit"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fruit"lness*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fruit'y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also, fruitful.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Fru"men*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frumentaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>frumentum</ets> corn or grain,

from the root of <ets>frux</ets> fruit: cf. F.

<ets>frumentac\'82</ets>. See <er>Frugal</er>.]</ety> <def>Made

of, or resembling, wheat or other grain.</def>



<hw>Fru`men*ta"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

frumentarius.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to wheat or

grain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coles.</au>



<hw>Fru`men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frumentatio</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A

largess of grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when

uneasy.</def>



<hw>Fru"men*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>froment\'82e</ets>, fr. L. <ets>frumentum</ets>. See

<er>Frumentaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>Food made of hulled wheat

boiled in milk, with sugar, plums, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>furmenty</asp> and <asp>furmity</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Frump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.

<ets>frumple</ets> to wrinkle, ruffle, D.

<ets>frommelen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To insult; to flout; to mock;

to snub.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Frump</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A contemptuous

speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old

woman; a gossip.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Frump"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

mocker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Frump"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Cross-tempered; scornful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress.</def>



<q>Our Bell . . . looked very <qex>frumpish</qex>.</q>

<qau>Foote.</qau>



<hw>Frush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>froisser</ets> to bruise. Cf. <er>Froise</er>.]</ety>

<def>To batter; to break in pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I like thine armor well;

I'll <qex>frush</qex> it and unlock the rivets all.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Frush</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Easily broken; brittle;

crisp.</def>



<hw>Frush</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Noise; clatter; crash.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Frush</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>frosch</ets>,

<ets>frosk</ets>, a frog (the animal), G. <ets>frosch</ets> frog

(the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See

<er>Frog</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.]</ety>  <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The frog of a horse's foot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from

the frog of a horse's foot; -- also caled

<altname>thrush.</altname></def>



<hw>Frus"tra*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frustrabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frustable</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of beeing frustrated or defeated.</def>



<hw>Frus*tra"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Frustrate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Vain; useless;

unprofitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Frus"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frustratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>frustrare</ets>,

<ets>frustrari</ets>, to deceive, frustrate, fr.

<ets>frustra</ets> in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob. for

<ets>frudtra</ets> and akin to <ets>fraus</ets>, E.

<ets>fraud</ets>.]</ety> <def>Vain; ineffectual; useless;

unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect.</def> \'bdOur

<xex>frustrate</xex> search.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Frus"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Frustrated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Frustrating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring to

nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to

defeat; to baffle; <as>as, to <ex>frustrate</ex> a plan, design,

or attempt; to <ex>frustrate</ex> the will or purpose.</as></def>



<q>Shall the adversary thus obtain

His end and <qex>frustrate</qex> thine ?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or

of no effect; <as>as, to <ex>frustrate</ex> a conveyance or

deed</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.</syn>



<hw>Frus"trate*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

vain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Vicars.</au>



<hw>Frus*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frustratio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>frustration</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the

<xex>frustration</xex> of one's designs</def>



<hw>Frus"tra*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

to defeat; fallacious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<hw>Frus"tra*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frustrotorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frustratoire</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Making void; rendering null; <as>as, a frustratory

appeal</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Frus"tule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frustulum</ets>, dim. fr. <ets>frustum</ets> a piece: cf. F.

<ets>frustule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The siliceous

shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves, one overlapping

the other, like a pill box and its cover.</def>



<hw>Frus"tu*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frustulentus</ets>. See <er>Frustule</er>.]</ety>

<def>Abounding in fragments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Frus"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Frusta</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Frustums</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>fruslum</ets> piece,

bit.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The part of a solid next the

base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid,

as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be

either parallel or inclined to each other.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the drums of the shaft

of a column.</def>



<hw>Frut"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Fruitage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A picture of fruit;

decoration by representation of fruit.</def>



<q>The cornices consist of <qex>frutages</qex> and festoons.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A confection of fruit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Fru*tes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>frulex</ets>, <ets>fruticis</ets>, shrub, bush: cf. F.

<ets>frutescent</ets>, L. <ets>fruticescens</ets>, <ets>p.

pr.</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Somewhat shrubby in

character; imperfectly shrubby, as the American species of

Wistaria.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fru"tex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant having a woody, durable stem, but

less than a tree; a shrub.</def>



<hw>Fru"ti*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fruticans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>fruticare</ets>,

to become bushy, fr. <ets>frutex</ets>, fruticis, shrub.]</ety>

<def>Full of shoots.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Fru"ti*cose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fruticosus</ets>, from frutex, <ets>fruticis</ets>,

shrub]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a shrub or

shrubs; branching like a shrub; shrubby; shrublike; <as>as, a

<ex>fruticose</ex> stem</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Fru"ti*cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fruticose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fru*tic"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Dim.

fr. L. <ets>fruticosus</ets> bushy: cf. F.

<ets>fruticuleux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like, or

pertaining to, a small shrub.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Fry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Fried</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Frying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>frien</ets>, F. <ets>frire</ets>, fr. L. frigere to roast,

parch, <ets>fry</ets>, cf. Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>bhrajj</ets>. Cf.

<er>Fritter</er>.]</ety> <def>To cook in a pan or on a griddle

(esp. with the use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over

a fire; to cook in boiling lard or fat; <as>as, to <ex>fry</ex>

fish; to <ex>fry</ex> doughnuts.</as></def>



<hw>Fry</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To undergo the

process of frying; to be subject to the action of heat in a

frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To simmer; to boil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With crackling flames a caldron <qex>fries</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden</qau>



<q>The frothy billows <qex>fry</qex>.</q>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To undergo or cause a disturbing action

accompanied with a sensation of heat.</def>



<q>To keep the oil from <qex>frying</qex> in the stomach.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be agitated; to be greatly moved.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What kindling motions in their breasts do <qex>fry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Ery</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A dish of anything

fried.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of excitement; <as>as, to be in a

fry</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>fri</ets>,

<ets>fry</ets>, seed, descendants, cf. OF. <ets>froye</ets>

spawning, spawn of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L.

<ets>fricare</ets> tosub (see <er>Friction</er>), but cf. also

Icel. <ets>fr\'91</ets>, <ets>frj\'d3</ets>, seed, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>fr\'94</ets>, Goth. <ets>fraiw</ets> seed,

descendants.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The young of any

fish.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes;

young or small things in general.</def>



<q>The <qex>fry</qex> of children young.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>To sever . . . the good fish from the other

<qex>fry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small

<qex>fry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<hw>Fry"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process denoted by the

verb <xex>fry</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Frying pan</col>, <cd>an iron pan with a long handle,

used for frying meat. vegetables, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fu"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Fumage</er>.</def>



<hw>Fu"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Feuar</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Fub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fubs</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fob</er> a

pocket.]</ety> <def>A plump young person or child.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Fub</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[The same word as

<ets>fob</ets> to cheat.]</ety> <def>To put off by trickery; to

cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I have been <qex>fubbed</qex> off, and <qex>fubbed</qex> off,

and fabbed off, from this day to that day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fub"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cheating;

deception.</def>



<au>Marston.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fub"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fub"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a

<xex>fubsy</xex> sofa.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>fubsy</qex>, good-humored, silly . . . old maid.</q>

<qau>Mme. D'Arblay.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fu"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fu"ca*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>fucatus</ets>,

p. p. of <ets>fucare</ets> to color, paint, fr.

<ets>fucus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Painted; disguised with paint, or

with false show.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fuchs</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., prop., a

fox.]</ety> <fld>(German Univ.)</fld> <def>A student of the first

year.</def>



<hw>Fuch"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Fuchsias</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Fuchsl\'91</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. Named after Leonard

<ets>Fuchs</ets>, a German botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers,

with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single

pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America.

Double-flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.</def>



<-- p. 601 -->



<hw>Fuch"sine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named by the

French inventor, from <ets>Fuchs</ets> a fox, the German

equivalent of his own name, <ets>Renard</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Aniline red; an artificial coal-tar

dyestuff, of a metallic green color superficially, resembling

cantharides, but when dissolved forming a brilliant dark red. It

consists of a hydrochloride or acetate of rosaniline. See

<er>Rosaniline</er>.</def>



<hw>Fu*civ"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fucus</ets> + L. <ets>vorare</ets> to eat.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating fucus or other seaweeds.</def>



<hw>Fu"coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fucus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Properly, belonging to an

order of alga: (<spn>Fucoide\'91</spn>) which are blackish in

color, and produce o\'94spores which are not fertilized until

they have escaped from the conceptacle. The common rockweeds and

the gulfweed (<spn>Sargassum</spn>) are fucoid in

character.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a vague sense, resembling

seaweeds, or of the nature of seaweeds.</def>



<hw>Fu"coid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant,

whether recent or fossil, which resembles a seaweed. See

<er>Fucoid</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Fu*coid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fucoid.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Containing impressions of

fossil fucoids or seaweeds; <as>as, fucoidal

sandstone</as>.</def>



<hw>Fu"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fuci</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. rock lichen, orchil,

used as a red dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A paint; a dye; also, false show.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tough, leathery

seaweeds, usually of a dull brownish green color; rockweed.</def>



<note><hand/ Formerly most marine alg? were called

<xex>fuci</xex>.</note>



<hw>Fu"cu*sol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fucus</ets> + L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid, resembling, and possibly

identical with, furfurol, and obtained from fucus, and other

seaweeds.</def>



<hw>Fud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain

origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The tail of a hare, coney,

etc.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and

shoddy.</def>



<hw>Fud"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fodder</er>, a weight.</def>



<hw>Fuad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.,</pos> <er>Fuddled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fuddling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. formed as a kind of dim.

of full. Cf. <er>Fuzzle</er>.]</ety> <def>To make foolish by

drink; to cause to become intoxicated.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>I am too <qex>fuddled</qex> to take care to observe your

orders.</q>

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<hw>Fud"dle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drink to excess.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Fud"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

drunkard.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Baxter.</au>



<hw>Fudge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. F.

<ets>fuche</ets>, <ets>feuche</ets>, an interj. of

contempt.]</ety> <def>A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug;

-- often an exclamation of contempt.</def>



<hw>Fudge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fudged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fudging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make up; to

devise; to contrive; to fabricate.</def>



<q><qex>Fudged</qex> up into such a smirkish liveliness.</q>

<qau>N. Fairfax.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To foist; to interpolate.</def>



<q>That last \'bdsuppose\'b8 is <qex>fudged</qex> in.</q>

<qau>Foote</qau>.



<hw>Fudge" wheel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Shoemaking)</fld>

<def>A tool for ornamenting the edge of a sole.</def>



<hw>Fu*e"gi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Terra del Fuego.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A native of Terra del Fuego.</def></def2>



<hw>Fu"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fouail</ets>, <ets>fuail</ets>, or <ets>fouaille</ets>,

<ets>fuaille</ets>, LL. <ets>focalium</ets>, <ets>focale</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>focus</ets> hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See

<er>Focus</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also

<asp>fewel.</asp>]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> Any matter used to produce

heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used

for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that serves to feed or increase passion

or excitement.</def>



<cs><col>Artificial fuel</col>, <cd>fuel consisting of small

particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps

or blocks.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fa"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feed with

fuel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Never, alas I the dreadful name,

That <qex>fuels</qex> the infernal flame.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To store or furnish with fuel or firing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Well watered and well <qex>fueled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Fu"el*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, supplies fuel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>fueller</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fu*e"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr.

L. <ets>forum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Sp. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A code; a charter; a grant of privileges.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A custom having the force of law.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A

declaration by a magistrate.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A place

where justice is administered.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The

jurisdiction of a tribunal.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Fuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[Of

imitative origin. Cf. <er>Puff</er>.]</ety> <def>To puff.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng. A Local, U. S.]</mark>



<au>Halliwel.</au>



<hw>Fuff"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Light; puffy.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fu"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A fugue.</def>



<hw>Fu*ga"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fugax</ets>, <ets>fugacis</ets>, from <ets>fugere</ets>: cf.

F. <ets>fugace</ets>. See <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a

short time; volatile.</def>



<q>Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so

uncertain purchase.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Fleeting; lasting but a short

time; -- applied particularly to organs or parts which are

short-lived as compared with the life of the individual.</def>



<hw>Fu*ga"cious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fugacity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fu*gac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L

<ets>fugacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fugacit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness;

volatility; <as>as, <ex>fugacity</ex> of spirits</as>.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Uncertainty; instability.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Fu"ga*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Banishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fu*ga"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>in the gugue style, but not strictly like

a fugue.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A composition

resembling a fugue.</def></def2>



<hw>Fugh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>An

exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fu*ghet"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>a short, condensed

fugue.</def>



<au>Grove.</au>



<hw>Fu"gi*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fugitif</ets>, F. <ets>fugitif</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>fugitivus</ets>, fr. <ets>fugere</ets> to flee. See

<er>Bow</er> to bend, and cf. <er>Feverfew</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc.,

escaping, from service, duty etc.; <as>as, a <ex>fugitive</ex>

solder; a <ex>fugitive</ex> slave; <ex>a fugitive</ex>

debtor.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>fugitive</qex> Parthians follow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Can a <qex>fugitive</qex> daughter enjoy herself while her

parents are in tear?</q>

<qau>Richardson</qau>



<q>A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or

fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; --

applied to material and immaterial things; <as>as,

<ex>fugitive</ex> colors; a <ex>fugitive</ex> idea.</as></def>



<q>The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of

vegatables.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<cs><col>Fugitive compositions</col>, <cd>Such as are short and

occasional, and so published that they quickly escape

notice.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile;

fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.</syn>



<hw>Fu"gi*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service,

duty, etc.; a deserter; <as>as, a <ex>fugitive</ex> from

justice</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something hard to be caught or detained.</def>



<q>Or Catch that airy <qex>fugitive</qex> called wit.</q>

<qau>Harte.</qau>



<cs><col>Fugitive from justice</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one

who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or

escapes into another to avoid punishment.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fu"gi*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fugitive

manner.</def>



<hw>Fu"gi*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

condition of being fugitive; evanescence; volatility; fugacity;

instability.</def>



<hw>Fu"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To maneuver;

to move hither and thither.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and <qex>fugling</qex>

in the

air.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Fu"gle*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fuglemen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[G.

<ets>fl\'81gelmann</ets> file leader; <ets>fl\'81gel</ets> wing

(akin to E. fly) + <ets>mann</ets> man. Cf.

<er>Flugrelman</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A

soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his place

in front of a military company, as a guide for the others in

their exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of

the right wing.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>flugelman</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, one who leads the way.</def>

<mark>[Jocose]</mark>



<hw>Fugue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. It.

<ets>fuga</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fuga</ets> a fleeing, flight, akin

to <ets>fugere</ets> to fiee. See <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A polyphonic composition, developed from a

given theme or themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules.

The theme is first given out by one voice or part, and then,

while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the

interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts

have answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and

interweaving them in one complex progressive whole, in which the

theme is often lost and reappears.</def>



<q>All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like

the parts of a <qex>fugue</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Fu"guist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>A musician who composes or performs fugues.</def>



<au>Busby.</au>



<hw>-ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See <er>Full</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying <xex>full of</xex>,

<xex>abounding with</xex>; <as>as, boast<ex>ful</ex>,

harm<ex>ful</ex>, woe<ex>ful</ex></as>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Fu"lahs`</hw><def>, <hw>Foo"lahs`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing. <singw>Fulah</singw>,

<singw>Foolan</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>

A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from

the negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western

Soudan. Their color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are

Mohammedans. Called also <altname>Fellatahs</altname>,

<altname>Foulahs</altname>, and <altname>Fellani</altname>. Fulah

is also used adjectively; <as>as, <ex>Fulah</ex> empire, tribes,

language</as>.</def>



<hw>Ful"be</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Fulahs</er>.</def>



<hw>Ful"d*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulcire</ets> to prop.]</ety> <def>Capable of being propped

up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>Ful"ci*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulcimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>fulcire</ets> to prop.]</ety>

<def>A prop; a fulcrum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>



<hw>Ful"cra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fulcrum</er>.</def>



<hw>Ful"crate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fulcrum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Propped; supported by accessory organs.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Furnished with fulcrums.</def>



<hw>Ful"crum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Fulcra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Fulcrums</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., bedpost, fr. <ets>fulcire</ets> to

prop.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A prop or support.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>That by which a lever is

sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a

body.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An accessory organ such as a

tendril, stipule, spine, and the like.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horny

inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the small, spiniform scales found on the

front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid

fishes.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The connective tissue

supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.</def>



<hw>Ful*fill"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fulfilled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fulfilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fulfillen</ets>,

<ets>fulfullen</ets>, AS. <ets>fulfyllan</ets>; <ets>ful</ets>

full + <ets>fyllan</ets> to fill. See</pos> <er>Full</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and <er>Fill</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>fulfil.</asp>]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To fill up; to make full or complete.</def>

<mark>[>Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Fulfill</xex> her week\'b8



<au>Gen. xxix. 27.</au>



<q>Suffer thou that the children be <qex>fulfilled</qex> first,

for it is not good to take the bread of children and give to

hounds.</q>

<qau>Wyclif (Mark vii. 27).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To accomplish or carry into effect, as an

intention, promise, or prophecy, a desire, prayer, or

requirement, etc.; to complete by performance; to answer the

requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a purpose or design; to

effectuate.</def>



<q>He will, <qex>fulfill</qex> the desire of them fear him.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxlv. 199.</qau>



<q>Here Nature seems <qex>fulfilled</qex> in all her ends.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Servants must their masters' minds <qex>fulfill</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ful*fill"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fulfills.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Ful*fill"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written

also <ets>fulfilment</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of fulfilling; accomplishment;

completion; <as>as, the <ex>fulfillment</ex> of

prophecy</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Execution; performance; <as>as, the

<ex>fulfillment</ex> of a promise</as>.</def>



<hw>Fulgen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>Brightness; splendor; glitter;

effulgence.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ful"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulgens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of

<ets>fulgere</ets> to flash, glitter, shine, akin to Gr. <?/ to

burn. See <er>Phlox</er>, <er>Flagrant</er>.]</ety>

<def>Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent.</def>



<q>Other Thracians . . . <qex>fulgent</qex> morions wore.</q>

<qau>Glower.</qau>



<hw>Ful"gent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Dazzlingly;

glitteringly.</def>



<hw>Ful"gid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulgidus</ets>. See <er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>Shining;

glittering; dazzling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Ful*gid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Splendor;

resplendence; effulgence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ful"gor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulgor</ets>, fr. <ets>fulgere</ets> to shine.]</ety>

<def>Dazzling brightness; splendor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ful"gu*rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulgurans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of

<ets>fulgurare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lightening.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ful"gu*ra"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Electricity)</fld> <def>A spectro-electric

tube in which the decomposition of a liquid by the passage of an

electric spark is observed.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Ful"gu*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulguratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fulgurare</ets> to flash,

fr. <ets>fulgur</ets> lightning, fr. <ets>fulgere</ets> to shine.

See <er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>To flash as lightning.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ful"gu*ra`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling lightning; -- used to describe

intense lancinating painsaccompanying locomotor ataxy.</def>



<hw>Ful"gu*ra`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulguratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fulguration</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of lightening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Donne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Assaying)</fld> <def>The sudden brightening of

a fused globule of gold or silver, when the last film of the

oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface; -- also called

<altname>blick.</altname></def>



<q>A phenomenon called, by the old chemists,

<qex>fulguration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ure.</qau>



<hw>Ful"gu*rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulguritus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fulgurire</ets> to strike

with lightning, fr. <ets>fulgur</ets> lightning: cf. F.

<ets>fulgurite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vitrified sand tube produced

by the striking of lightning on sand; a lightning tube; also, the

portion of rock surface fused by a lightning discharge.</def>



<hw>Ful"gu*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulgur</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lightning.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ful"ham</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named

because supposed to have been chiefly made at Fulham, in

Middlesex, Eng.) A false die.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>fullam</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>fuliginosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or

quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter deposited by

smoke.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fu*lig"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fuliginosus</ets>, from fuligo soot: cf. F. fuligineux. See

<er>Fume</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to soot; sooty;

dark; dusky.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.</def>



<hw>Fu*lig"i*nous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a smoky

manner.</def>



<hw>Fu"li*mart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Foumart</er>.</def>



<hw>Full</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Fuller</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

superl. <er>Fullest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. & AS.

<ets>ful</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>ful</ets>, D. <ets>vol</ets>,

OHG. <ets>fol</ets>, G. <ets>voll</ets>, Icel. <ets>fullr</ets>,

Sw. <ets>full</ets>, Dan. <ets>fuld</ets>, Goth.

<ets>fulls</ets>, L. <ets>plenus</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr.

<ets>p<?/rna full</ets>, <ets>pr<?/</ets> to fill, also to Gr.

<?/ much, E. <ets>poly-</ets>, pref., G. <ets>viel</ets>, AS.

<ets>fela</ets>. <root/80. Cf. <er>Complete</er>, <er>Fill</er>,

<er>Plenary</er>, <er>Plenty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Filled

up, having within its limits all that it can contain; supplied;

not empty or vacant; -- said primarily of hollow vessels, and

hence of anything else; <as>as, a cup <ex>full</ex> of water; a

house <ex>full</ex> of people.</as></def>



<q>Had the throne been <qex>full</qex>, their meeting would not

have been regular.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in.

quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample;

adequate; <as>as, a <ex>full</ex> meal; a <ex>full</ex> supply; a

<ex>full</ex> voice; a <ex>full</ex> compensation; a house

<ex>full</ex> of furniture.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not wanting in any essential quality; complete,

entire; perfect; adequate; <as>as, a <ex>full</ex> narrative; a

person of <ex>full</ex> age; a <ex>full</ex> stop; a

<ex>full</ex> face; the <ex>full</ex> moon.</as></def>



<q>It came to pass, at the end of two <qex>full</qex> years, that

Pharaoh

dreamed.</q>

<qau>Gen. xii. 1.</qau>



<q>The man commands

Like a <qex>full</qex> soldier.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I can not

Request a <qex>fuller</qex> satisfaction

Than you have freely granted.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Sated; surfeited.</def>



<q>I am <qex>full</qex> of the burnt offerings of rams.</q>

<qau>Is. i. 11.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with

knowledge; stored with information.</def>



<q>Reading maketh a <qex>full</qex> man.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed

in any matter, and the feelings more or less excited by it,

<as>as, to be <ex>full</ex> of some project</as>.</def>



<q>Every one is <qex>full</qex> of the miracles done by cold

baths on decayed and weak constitutions.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Filled with emotions.</def>



<q>The heart is so <qex>full</qex> that a drop overfills it.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Impregnated; made pregnant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ilia, the fair, . . . <qex>full</qex> of Mars.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>At full</col>, <cd><cd>when full or complete.</cd>

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>Full age</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<cd>the age at which one attains full personal rights; majority;

-- in England and the United States the age of 21 years.

<au>Abbott</au>.</cd> -- <col>Full and by</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>sailing closehauled, having all the sails

<xex>full</xex>, and lying as near the wind as poesible.</cd> --

<col>Full band</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a band in which all

the instruments are employed.</cd> -- <col>Full binding</col>,

<cd>the binding of a book when made wholly of leather, as

distinguished from half binding.</cd> -- <col>Full bottom</col>,

<cd>a kind of wig <xex>full</xex> and large at the bottom.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Full</col> <col>brother <or/ sister</col></mcol>,

<cd>a brother or sister having the same parents as another.</cd>

-- <col>Full cry</col> <fld>(Hunting)</fld>, <cd>eager chase; --

said of hounds that have caught the scent, and give tongue

together.</cd> -- <col>Full dress</col>, <cd>the dress prescribed

by authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of

ceremony.</cd> -- <col>Full hand</col> <fld>(Poker)</fld>,

<cd>three of a kind and a pair.</cd> -- <col>Full moon</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as

when opposite to the sun.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The time when the

moon is full.</cd> -- <col>Full organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>,

<cd>the organ when all or most stops are out.</cd> -- <col>Full

score</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a score in which all the parts

for voices and instruments are given.</cd> -- <col>Full

sea</col>, <cd>high water.</cd> -- <col>Full swing</col>,

<cd>free course; unrestrained liberty; \'bdLeaving corrupt nature

to . . . the <xex>full swing</xex> and freedom of its own

extravagant actings.\'b8 South (<mark>Colloq</mark>.)</cd> --

<col>In full</col>, <cd>at length; uncontracted; unabridged;

written out in words, and not indicated by figures.</cd> --

<col>In full blast</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blast</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 602 -->



<hw>Full</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Complete measure;

utmost extent; the highest state or degree.</def>



<q>The swan's-down feather,

That stands upon the swell at <qex>full</qex> of tide.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Full of the moon</col>, <cd>the time of full

moon.</cd></cs>



<hw>Full</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Quite; to the same degree;

without abatement or diminution; with the whole force or effect;

thoroughly; completely; exactly; entirely.</def>



<q>The pawn I proffer shall be <qex>full</qex> as good.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The diapason closing <qex>full</qex> in man.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q><qex>Full</qex> in the center of the sacred wood.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<note><hand/ Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to

heighten or strengthen their signification. \'bdFull sad.\'b8

<au>Milton</au>. \'bdMaster of a <xex>full</xex> poor cell.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>. \'bd<xex>Full</xex> many a gem of purest ray

serene.\'b8 <au>T. Gray</au>.



<xex>Full</xex> is also prefixed to participles to express utmost

extent or degree; as, <xex>full</xex>-bloomed,

<xex>full</xex>-blown, <xex>full</xex>-crammed

<xex>full</xex>-grown, <xex>full</xex>-laden,

<xex>full</xex>-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part,

are self-defining.</note>



<hw>Full</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become full or wholly

illuminated; <as>as, the moon fulls at midnight</as>.</def>



<hw>Full</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fulled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fulling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fullen</ets>, OF.

<ets>fuler</ets>, <ets>fouler</ets>, F. <ets>fouler</ets>, LL.

<ets>fullare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fullo</ets> fuller, cloth fuller,

cf. Gr. <?/ shining, white, AS. <ets>fullian</ets> to whiten as a

fuller, to baptize, <ets>fullere</ets> a fuller. Cf.

<er>Defile</er> to foul, <er>Foil</er> to frustrate,

<er>Fuller</er>. <pos>n.</pos> ]</ety> <def>To thicken by

moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make

compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.</def>



<hw>Full</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become fulled or

thickened; <as>as, this material <ex>fulls</ex> well</as>.</def>



<hw>Full"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The money or

price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ful"lam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A false die.

See <er>Fulham</er>.</def>



<hw>Full"-blood`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a full supply of blood.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of pure blood; thoroughbred; <as>as, a

<ex>full-blooded</ex> horse</as>.</def>



<hw>Full"-bloomed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

perfect blossom.</def> \'bd<xex>Full-bloomed</xex> lips.\'b8



<au>Crashaw.</au>



<hw>Full"-blown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Fully expanded, as a blossom; <as>as, a <ex>full-bloun</ex>

rose</as>.</def>



<au>Denham.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fully distended with wind, as a sail.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Full"-bot"tomed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil

officers in Great Britain.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Of great capacity below the

water line.</def>



<hw>Full"-butt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

direct and violentop position; with sudden collision.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Full`-drive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

full speed.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Full"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>fullere</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fullo</ets>. See <er>Full</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>One whose occupation is to full

cloth.</def>



<cs><col>Fuller's earth</col>, <cd>a variety of clay, used in

scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease.</cd> --

<col>Fuller's herb</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the soapwort

(<spn>Saponaria officinalis</spn>), formerly used to remove

stains from cloth.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fuller's thistle <or/

weed</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the teasel

(<spn>Dipsacus fullonum</spn>) whose burs are used by fullers in

dressing cloth. See <er>Teasel</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Full"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Full</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Blacksmith's Work)</fld> <def>A die; a

half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading

iron; -- called also a <altname>creaser</altname>.</def>



<hw>Full"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form a groove or

channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; <as>as, to <ex>fuller</ex>

a bayonet</as>.</def>



<hw>Full"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Fulleries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>The place or the works

where the fulling of cloth is carried on.</def>



<hw>Full"-formed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full in

form or shape; rounded out with flesh.</def>



<q>The <qex>full-formed</qex> maids of Afric.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Full"-grown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

reached the limits of growth; mature.</def>

\'bd<xex>Full-grown</xex> wings.\'b8



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Full"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

courage or confidence.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Full"-hot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Very

fiery.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Full"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process of cleansing,

shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and

pressure.</def>



<cs><col>Fulling mill</col>, <cd>a mill for fulling cloth as by

means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and

rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and

fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.</cd></cs>



<hw>Full"-manned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.</def>



<hw>Full"mart"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Foumart</er>.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Full"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being full,

or of abounding; abundance; completeness.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>fulness</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>\'bdIn thy presence is fullness of joy.\'b8</q>

<qau>Ps. xvi. 11.</qau>



<hw>Ful*lon"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fullonicus</ets>, from fullo a cloth fuller.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to a fuller of cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Full"-orbed`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full

moon.</def>



<hw>Full"-sailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or

reservation.</def>



<au>Massinger.</au>



<hw>Full"-winged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having large and strong or complete wings.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Beady for flight; eager.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Ful"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a full

manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect;

adequately; satisfactorily; <as>as, to be fully persuaded of the

truth of a proposition</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Fully committed</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>committed to

prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for

examination.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifuly;

abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently;

perfectly.</syn>



<hw>Ful"mar</hw> <pr>(f<ucr/lm<aum/r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Icel. <ets>f<umac/lm<amac/r</ets>. See <er>foul</er>, and

<er>Man</er> a gull.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

several species of sea birds, of the family

<spn>procellariid\'91</spn>, allied to the albatrosses and

petrels. Among the well-known species are the arctic fulmar

(<spn>Fulmarus glacialis</spn>) (called also <stype>fulmar

petrel</stype>, <stype>malduck</stype>, and

<stype>mollemock</stype>), and the giant fulmar (<spn>Ossifraga

gigantea</spn>).</def>



<hw>Ful"mi*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulminans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>fulminare</ets>

to lighten: cf. F. <ets>fulminant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Thundering;

fulminating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ful"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fulminated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fulminating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fulminare</ets> to lighten,

strike with lightning, fr. <ets>fulmen</ets> thunderbolt, fr.

<ets>fulgere</ets> to shine. See <er>Fulgent</er>, and cf.

<er>Fulmine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To thunder; hence, to

make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent

report.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To issue or send forth decrees or censures with

the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth

menaces.</def>



<hw>Ful"mi*nate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause

to explode.</def>



<au>Sprat.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter or send out with denunciations or

censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by

ecclesiastical authority.</def>



<q>They <qex>fulminated</qex> the most hostile of all

decrees.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Ful"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. P.

<ets>fulminate</ets>. See <er>Fulminate</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A salt of

fulminic acid. See under <er>Fulminic</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A fulminating powder.</def>



<cs><col>Fulminate of gold</col>, <cd>an explosive compound of

gold; -- called also <altname><xex>fulminating<xex>

gold</altname>, and <altname>aurum

<xex>fulminans<xex></altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ful"mi*na"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent

manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hurling denunciations, menaces, or

censures.</def>



<cs><col>Fulminating oil</col>, <cd>nitroglycerin.</cd> --

<col>Fulminating powder</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> any violently

explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as

mercuric fulminate.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ful"mi*na`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulminatio</ets> a darting of lightning: cf. F.

<ets>fulmination</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

fulminating or exploding; detonation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of thundering forth threats or censures,

as with authority.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is fulminated or thundered forth;

vehement menace or censure.</def>



<q>The <qex>fulminations</qex> from the Vatican were turned into

ridicule.</q>

<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>



<hw>Ful"mi*na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fulminatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Thundering; striking

terror.</def>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Ful"mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fulminer</ets>. See <er>Fulminate</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To thunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser. Milton.</au>



<hw>Ful"mine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shoot; to dart like

lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or

vehemence.</def>



<q>She <qex>fulmined</qex> out her scorn of laws Salique.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Ful*min"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

fulmen thunder.]</ety> <def>Of, or concerning thunder.</def>



<hw>Ful*mia"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fulminique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to fulmination;

detonating; specifically <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, pertaining to,

derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; <as>as, fulminic

acid</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Fulminic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a complex

acid, <chform>H2C2N2O2</chform>, isomeric with cyanic and

cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a

large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these,

mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter,

to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. -- Fulminic acid

is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ful"mi*nu"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fulminic</ets> + cyanuric.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating

an acid so called.</def>



<cs><col>Fulminuric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white,

crystalline, explosive subatance, <chform>H3C3N3O3</chform>,

forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulnunates. It is

isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric

acid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fal"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fullness</er>.</def>



<hw>Ful*sam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fulsome</er>.]</ety> <def>Fulsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ful"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Full</ets>, a. + <ets>-some</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew

<qex>fulsome</qex>, fair, and fresh.</q>

<qau>Golding.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess,

or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from

excess of praise; <as>as, fulsome flattery</as>.</def>



<q>And lest the <qex>fulsome</qex> artifice should fail

Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to

obscenity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdFulsome ewes.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ful"some*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ful"some*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Ful"vid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>fulvidus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fulvus</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Fulvous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Ful"vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fulvus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture

of gray and brown.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<hw>Fum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play upon a

fiddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Follow me, and <qex>fum</qex> as you go.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Fu*ma"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

Fume.]</ety> <def>Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to

smoking tobacco.</def>



<mhw><hw>Fu*made"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fu*ma"do</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fumades</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <plw>Fumadoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp.

<ets>fumodo</ets> smoked, p. p. of <ets>fumar</ets> to smoke, fr.

L. <ets>fumare</ets>. See <er>Fume</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.</def>



<hw>Fu"mage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fumage</ets>, <ets>fumaige</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fumus</ets>

smoke.]</ety> <def>Hearth money.</def>



<q><qex>Fumage</qex>, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke

farthings.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Fu"ma*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of fumaric acid.</def>



<hw>Fu*mar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (<spn>Fumaria

officinalis</spn>).</def>



<cs><col>Fumaric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a widely

occurring organic acid, exttracted from fumitory as a white

crystallline substance, <chform>C2H2(CO2H)2</chform>, and

produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of

malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland

moss, and hence was also called <altname>lichenic

acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fu"ma*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fumus</ets> smoke, fume.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An

alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline

substance.</def>



<hw>Fu"ma*role</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>fumaruola</ets>, fr. <ets>fumo</ets> smoke, L.

<ets>fumus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fumerolle</ets>,

<ets>fumarolle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hole or spot in a volcanic or

other region, from which fumes issue.</def>



<hw>Fu"ma*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fumitory</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fumbled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fumbling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>fommelen</ets>

to crumple, fumble, Sw. <ets>fumla</ets> to fusuble,

<ets>famla</ets> to grope, Dan. <ets>famle</ets> to grope,

<ets>fumble</ets>, Icel. <ets>falme</ets>, AS. <ets>folm</ets>

palm of the hand. See <er>Feel</er>, and cf. <er>Fanble</er>,

<er>Palm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feel or grope about; to

make awkward attempts to do or find something.</def>



<q>Adams now began to <qex>fumble</qex> in his pockets.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly;

<as>as, to <ex>fumble</ex> for an excuse</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>My understanding flutters and my memory

<qex>fumbles</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<q>Alas! how he <qex>fumbles</qex> about the domains.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over

and over.</def>



<q>I saw him <qex>fumble</qex> with the sheets, and play with

flowers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fum"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To handle or manage

awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fum"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

fumbles.</def>



<hw>Fum"bling*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

manner of one who fumbles.</def>



<hw>Fume</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fumus</ets>; akin to Skr. <ets>dh<?/ma</ets> smoke,

<ets>dh<?/</ets> to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. <?/ to sacrifice,

storm, rage, <?/, <?/, thyme, and perh. to E. dust: cf. OF.

<ets>fum</ets> smoke, F. <ets>fum\'82e</ets>. Cf. <er>Dust</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Femerell</er>, <er>Thyme</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor

or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; <as>as,

the fumes of tobacco</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>fumes</qex> of new shorn hay.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<q>The <qex>fumes</qex> of undigested wine.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of

self-control; <as>as, the fumes of passion</as>.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or' airy;

idle conceit; vain imagination.</def>



<q>A show of fumes and fancies.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The incense of praise; inordinate

flattery.</def>



<q>To smother him with <qex>fumes</qex> and eulogies.</q>

<qau>Burton.</qau>



<cs><col>In a fume</col>, <cd>in ill temper, esp. from

impatience.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fume</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fumed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fumer</ets>, L.

<ets>fumare</ets> to smoke. See <er>Fume</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To smoke; to throw off

fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as

vapor.</def>



<q>Where the golden altar <qex>fumed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Silenus lay,

Whose constant cups lay <qex>fuming</qex> to his brain.</q>

<qau>Roscommon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be as in a mist; to be dulled and

stupefied.</def>



<q>Keep his brain <qex>fuming</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass off in fumes or vapors.</def>



<q>Their parts pre kept from <qex>fuming</qex> away by their

fixity.</q>

<qau>Cheyne.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be in a rage; to be hot with anger.</def>



<q>He frets, he <qex>fumes</qex>, he stares, he stamps the

ground.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>While her mother did fret, and her father did

<qex>fume</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>To tame away</col>, <cd>to give way to excitement and

displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fume</hw>, <pos>e. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To expose to the

action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; <as>as, to

bleach straw by <ex>fuming</ex> it with sulphur</as>; to fill

with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room.</def>



<q>She <qex>fumed</qex> the temple with an odorous flame.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To praise inordinately; to flatter.</def>



<q>They demi-deify and <qex>fume</qex> him so.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of

vapor.</def>



<q>The heat will <qex>fume</qex> away most of the scent.</q>

<qau>Montimer.</qau>



<q>How vicious hearts <qex>fume</qex> frenzy to the brain!</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Fume"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from fumes.</def>



<hw>Fum"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

that fumes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who makes or uses perfumes.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Embroiderers, feather makers, <qex>fumers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Fu"mer*ell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Femerell</er>.</def>



<hw>Fu"met</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fumier</ets> dung, OF. <ets>femier</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>fimus</ets> dung.]</ety> <def>The dung of deer.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fu"met</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <hw>\'d8Fu*mette"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>fumet</ets>

odor, <ets>fume</ets> of wine or meat, fr. L. <ets>fumus</ets>

smoke. See <er>Fume</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The stench or

high flavor of game or other meat when kept long.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Fu"me*tere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Fumitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fu"mid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fumidus</ets>, fr. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke. See

<er>Fume</er>.]</ety> <def>Smoky; vaporous.</def>



<au>Sir T. Broune.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fu*mid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fu"mid*ness</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being fumid;

smokiness.</def>



<hw>Fu*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fumifer</ets>; <ets>fumus</ets> smoke + <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear.]</ety> <def>Producing smoke.</def>



<hw>Fu*mif"u*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fumus</ets> smoke + <ets>fugare</ets> to put to flight,

fugere to flee.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, drives away

smoke or fumes.</def>



<hw>Fu"mi*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fume</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To subject to

the action of smoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fu"mi*gant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fumigans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>fumigare</ets>.

See <er>Fumigate</er>.]</ety> <def>Fuming.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fu"mi*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fumigated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fumigating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fumigate</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>fumigare</ets> to fumigate, fr. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke. See

<er>Fume</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To apply

smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from

infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To smoke; to perfume.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Fum`iga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fumigation</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or

vapor, as for disinfection.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.</def>



<hw>Fu"mi*ga`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.</def>



<hw>Fu"mi*ga*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fumigatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of

purifying by smoke.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<-- p. 603 -->



<hw>Fum"l*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Smokily;

with fume.</def>



<hw>Fum"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Producing fumes, or

vapors.</def>



<cs><col>Cadet's fuming liquid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>alkarsin.</cd> -- <col>Fuming liquor of Libsvius</col>

<fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>stannic chloride; the chloride of

tin, <chform>SnCl4</chform>, forming a colorless, mobile liquid

which fumes in the air.</cd> Mixed with water it solidifies to

the so-called <xex>butter of tin</xex>. -- <col>Fuming sulphuric

acid</col></mcol>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Same as

<xex>Disulphuric acid<xex>, uder <er>Disulphuric</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fum"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fuming manner;

angrily.</def> \'bdThey answer <xex>fumingly</xex>.\'b8



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Fam"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Smoky; hot; choleric.</def>



<hw>Fum"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Choler; fretfulness;

passion.</def>



<hw>Fu"mi*tez`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Fumitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fu"mi*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fumetere</ets>, F. <ets>fumeterre</ets>, prop., smoke of the

ground, fr. L. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke + <ets>terra</ets> earth.

See <er>Fume</er>, and <er>Terrace</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria,

annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and

small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. <spn>F.

officinalis</spn> is a common species, and was formerly used as

an antiscorbutic.</def>



<cs><col>Climbing fumitory</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

Alleghany vine (<spn>Adlumia cirrhosa</spn>); a biennial climbing

plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty

white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fum"mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hinny.</def>



<hw>Fu*mos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>fumosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The fumes of drink.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fum"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fumosus</ets>, fr. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke: cf. F.

<ets>fumeux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Producing smoke;

smoky.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Producing fumes; full of fumes.</def>



<q>Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things.</q>

<qau>Barough (1625).</qau>



<hw>Fum"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Producing fumes;

fumous.</def> \'bdDrowned in <xex>fumy</xex> wine.\'b8



<au>H. Brooke.</au>



<hw>Fun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. of Celtic

origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>fonn</ets> pleasure.]</ety>

<def>Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement.</def> \'bdOddity,

frolic, and <xex>fun</xex>.\'b8



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<cs><col>To make fan of</col>, <cd>to hold up to, or turn into,

ridicule.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fu*nam"bu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Funambulo</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk or to dance on a

rope.</def>



<hw>Fu*nam"bu*la`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Ropedancing.</def>



<hw>Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Performing like a ropedancer.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.</def>



<q>This funambulatory track.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Fu*nam"bu*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

ropewalker or ropedancer.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Fu*nam"bu*lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Fu*nam"bu*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp. <ets>funambulo</ets>, or It. <ets>funambolo</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>funambulus</ets>; funis rope (perh. akin to E.

<ets>bind</ets>) + <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See

<er>Amble</er>, and cf. <er>Funambulist</er>.]</ety> <def>A

ropewalker or ropedancer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Func"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>functio</ets>, fr. <ets>fungi</ets> to perform, execute,

akin to Skr. <ets>bhuj</ets> to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F.

<ets>fonction</ets>. Cf. <er>Defunct</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or

calling; per formance.</def> \'bdIn the <xex>function</xex> of

his public calling.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The appropriate action of

any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism;

<as>as, the <ex>function</ex> of the heart or the limbs; the

<ex>function</ex> of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of

the <ex>functions</ex> of the various organs and parts of the

body.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The natural or assigned action of any power or

faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an

energy of some determinate kind.</def>



<q>As the mind opens, and its <qex>functions</qex> spread.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The course of action which peculiarly pertains

to any public officer in church or state; the activity

appropriate to any business or profession.</def>



<q>Tradesmen . . . going about their <qex>functions</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The malady which made him incapable of performing his

regal <qex>functions.</qex></q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity so connected with

another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter

there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each

quantity is said to be a <xex>function</xex> of the other. Thus,

the circumference of a circle is a <xex>function</xex> of the

diameter. If <it>x</it> be a symbol to which different numerical

values can be assigned, such expressions as x<exp>2</exp>,

3<exp>x</exp>, Log. <it>x</it>, and Sin. <it>x</it>, are all

<ex>functions</ex> of <it>x</it>.</def>



<cs><col>Algebraic function</col>, <cd>a quantity whose

connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that

involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction,

multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and

extracting a given root; -- opposed to <xex>transcendental

function</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Arbitrary function</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Arbitrary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of

functions</col>. <cd>See under <er>Calculus</er>.</cd> --

<col>Carnot's function</col> <fld>(Thermo-dynamics)</fld>, <cd>a

relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of

heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately

equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by

the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air

thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion.</cd> --

<col>Circular functions</col>. <cd>See <cref>Inverse

trigonometrical functions</cref> (below). -- Continuous function,

a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real

values, as the variable changes between any specified

limits.</cd> -- <col>Discontinuous function</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Discontinuous</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elliptic functions</col>,

<cd>a large and important class of functions, so called because

one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse

to the straight lines connected therewith.</cd> -- <col>Explicit

function</col></mcol>, <cd><cd>a quantity directly expressed in

terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the

equations <mathex>y = 6x<exp>2</exp><mathex>, <mathex>y = 10

-x<exp>3</exp><mathex>, the quantity <it>y<it> is an explicit

function of <it>x.<it></cd> -- <col>Implicit function</col>,

<cd>a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed

indirectly by an equation; thus, <it>y<it> in the equation

<mathex>x<exp>2</exp> + y<exp>2</exp> = 100<mathex> is an

implicit function of <it>x.<it></cd></cd> -- <mcol><col>Inverse

trigonometrical functions</col>, <or/ <col>Circular

function</col><cd></mcol>, <cd>the lengths of arcs relative to

the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD,

and (if the length of BD is <xex>x<xex>) is written <fexp>sin

<exp>-1</exp>x<fexp>, and so of the other lines. See

<cref>Trigonometrical function</cref> (below). Other

transcendental functions are the <xex>exponential functions<xex>,

the <xex>elliptic functions<xex>, the <xex>gamma functions<xex>,

the <xex>theta functions<xex>, etc.</cd></cd> --

<mcol><col>One-valued function</col>, <cd>a quantity that has

one, and only one, value for each value of the variable.</cd> --

<col>Transcendental functions</col>, <cd>a quantity whose

connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic

operations; thus, <it>y</it> in the equation <mathex>y =

10<exp>x</exp></mathex> is a transcendental function of

<it>x.</it> See <cref>Algebraic function</cref> (above).</cd> --

<col>Trigonometrical function</col></mcol>, <cd>a quantity whose

relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain

straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the

length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in

a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let

OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel

to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine

of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is

the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the

versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the

length of AB be represented by <it>x<it> (OA being unity) then

the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the

trigonometrical functions of <it>x<it>, and are written <fexp>sin

x</fexp>, <fexp>cos x</fexp>, <fexp>tan x</fexp> (or <fexp>tang

x</fexp>), <fexp>cot x</fexp>, <fexp>sec x</fexp>, <fexp>cosec

x</fexp>, <fexp>versin x</fexp>, <fexp>coversin x</fexp>. These

quantities are also considered as functions of the angle

BOA.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Func"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Func"tion*ate</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To execute or perform

a function; to transact one's regular or appointed

business.</def>



<hw>Func"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty;

official.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the function

of an organ or part, or to the functions in general.</def>



<cs><col>Functional disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any

appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an

organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself

opposed to <xex>organic disease<xex>, in which the organ itself

is affected.</cd></cs>



<hw>Func"tion*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

assign to some function or office.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Func"tion*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a functional

manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.</def>



<q>The organ is said to be <qex>functionally</qex>

disordered.</q>

<qau>Lawrence.</qau>



<hw>Func"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Functionaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fonctionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>One charged with the

performance of a function or office; <as>as, a public

<ex>functionary</ex>; secular <ex>functionaries</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Func"tion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.</def>



<hw>Fund</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>font</ets>, <ets>fond</ets>, nom. <ets>fonz</ets>, bottom,

ground, F. <ets>fond</ets> bottom, foundation, <ets>fonds</ets>

fund, fr. L. <ets>fundus</ets> bottom, ground, foundation, piece

of land. See <er>Found</er> to establish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies

are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining

existence.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated

as the foundation of some commercial or other operation

undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which

expenses and credit are supported; <as>as, the <ex>fund</ex> of a

bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation,

etc</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The stock of a national debt;

public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to

government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals;

-- called also <altname>public funds</altname>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a

specific object; <as>as, the <ex>fund</ex> of an ecclesiastical

society; a <ex>fund</ex> for the maintenance of lectures or poor

students</as>; also, money systematically collected to meet the

expenses of some permanent object.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A store laid up, from which one may draw at

pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; <as>as, a

<ex>fund</ex> of wisdom or good sense</as>.</def>



<q>An inexhaustible <qex>fund</qex> of stories.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Sinking fund</col>, <cd>the aggregate of sums of money

set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the

extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation,

by the accumulation of interest.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fund</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Funded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Funding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To provide and

appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the

interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a

pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of

or principal of; <as>as, to <ex>fund</ex> government

notes</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place in a fund, as money.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing

regular interest; <as>as, to <ex>fund</ex> the floating

debt</as>.</def>



<hw>Fund"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into

bonds.</def>



<hw>Fun"da*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fundament</ets>, <ets>fundement</ets>, <ets>fondement</ets>,

OF. <ets>fundement</ets>, <ets>fondement</ets>, F.

<ets>fondement</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fundamentum</ets> foundation,

fr. <ets>fundare</ets> to lay the bottom, to found, fr.

<ets>fundus</ets> bottom. See <er>Fund</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Foundation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The part of the body on which one sits; the

buttocks; specifically <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, the anus.</def>



<au>Hume.</au>



<hw>Fun`da*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fondamental</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the foundation

or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an

element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary;

<as>as, a <ex>fundamental</ex> truth; a <ex>fundamental</ex>

axiom.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>fundamental</qex> reasons of this war.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Some <qex>fundamental</qex> antithesis in nature.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<cs><col>Fundamental bass</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the root

note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones

of the chords.</cd> -- <col>Fundamental chord</col>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a chord, the lowest tone of which is its

root.</cd> -- <col>Fundamental colors</col>, <cd>red, green, and

violet-blue. See <cref>Primary colors</cref>, under

<er>Color</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fun"da*men`tal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A leading or primary

principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork

of a system; essential part, <as>as, the <ex>fundamentals</ex> of

the Christian faith</as>.</def>



<hw>Fun`da*men"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Primarily;

originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin

or constituents.</def> \'bd<xex>Fundamentally</xex>

defective.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Fund"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest;

<as>as, <ex>funded</ex> debt</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Invested in public funds; <as>as, funded

money</as>.</def>



<hw>Fund"hold"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>One who

has money invested in the public funds.</def>



<au>J. S. Mill.</au>



<hw>Fund"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Providing a

fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a

debt.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Investing in the public funds.</def>



<cs><col>Funding system</col>, <cd>a system or scheme of finance

or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or

principal of a public debt.</cd></cs>



<hw>Funu"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of funds.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fun"dus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

bottom.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bottom or base of any

hollow organ; <as>as, the <ex>fundus</ex> of the bladder; the

<ex>fundus</ex> of the eye.</as></def>



<hw>Fu*ne"bri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>funebris</ets> belonging to a funeral, fr. <ets>funus</ets>

funeral.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a funeral or funerals;

funeral; funereal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>funebral</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fu*ne"bri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Funebrial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fu"ner*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>funeralia</ets>, prop. neut. pl. of <ets>funeralis</ets> of

a funeral, fr. L. <ets>funus</ets>, <ets>funeris</ets>, funeral:

cf. F. <ets>fun\'82railles</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body,

whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise;

esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies;

burial; -- formerly used in the plural.</def>



<q>King James his <qex>funerals</qex> were performed very

solemnly in the

collegiate church at Westminster.</q>

<qau>Euller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The procession attending the burial of the dead;

the show and accompaniments of an interment.</def> \'bdThe long

<xex>funerals</xex>.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A funeral sermon; -- usually in the

plural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his <qex>funerals</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Fu"ner*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>funeralis</ets>.

See <er>Funeral</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Per. taining to a

funeral; used at the interment of the dead; <as>as,

<ex>funeral</ex> rites, honors, or ceremonies</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Funeral pile</col>, <cd>a structure of combustible

material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to

ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre.</cd></cs>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fu"ner*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Fu"ner*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>funeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>funerare</ets> to funerate,

fr. <ets>funus</ets>. See <er>Funeral</er>.]</ety> <def>To bury

with funeral rites.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>Fu`ner*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>funeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of burying with funeral

rites.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Knatchbull.</au>



<hw>Fu*ne"re*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>funereus</ets>, fr. <ets>fentus</ets> a funeral.]</ety>

<def>Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence:

Dark; dismal; mournful.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<q>What seem to us but sad <qex>funereal</qex> tapers May be

heaven's distant lamps.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fu*ne"re*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fu*nest"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>funestus</ets>, fr. <ets>funus</ets> a funeral, destruction:

cf. F. <ets>funeste</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lamentable; doleful.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Funest</xex> and direful deaths.\'b8



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<q>A forerunner of something very <qex>funest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Fun"gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to fungi.</def>



<hw>Fun"gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fongate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of

fungic acid.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also

<asp>fungiate</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Funge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fungus</ets> mushroom, dolt.]</ety> <def>A blockhead; a

dolt; a fool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Fun"gi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Fungus</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fun"gi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

L. <ets>fungus</ets> mushroom: cf. F. <ets>fongie</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so

called because they are usually flat and circular, with radiating

plates, like the gills of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen

inches in diameter.</def>



<hw>Fun"gi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

<spn>Fungid\'91</spn>, a family of stony corals.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

<spn>Fungid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>



<hw>Fun"gi*bles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[LL.

(<ets>res</ets>) <ets>fungibiles</ets>, probably fr. L.

<ets>fungi</ets> to discharge. \'bdA barbarous term, supposed to

have originated in the use of the words <ets>functionem

recipere</ets> in the Digeste.\'b8 <ets>Bouvier</ets>. \'bdCalled

<ets>fungibiles</ets>, <ets>quia una alterius</ets> vice

fungitur.\'b8 <ets>John Taylor</ets> (1755). Cf.

<er>Function</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld>

<def>Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as

distinguished from specific things; -- called also

<altname>fungible things</altname>.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Movable goods which may

be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those

which must be judged of individually.</def>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Fun"gic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fungus</ets> mushroom: cf. F. <ets>fungique</ets>,

<ets>fongique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to, or obtained from, mushrooms; <as>as, fungic acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Fun"gi*cide`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fungi</ets> + <ets>-cide</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>Anything that kills

fungi.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fun`gi*ci"dal</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Fun"gi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Eungus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fongiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a fungus or

mushroom.</def>



<cs><col>Fungiform papill\'91</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,

<cd>numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the

tongue.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fun*gil"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped

like a small fungus.</def>



<hw>Fun"gin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fungus</ets> mushroom: cf. F, <ets>fongine</ets>,

<ets>fungine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A name

formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and

mushrooms.</def>



<hw>Fun"gite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fungus</ets> mushroom: cf. F. <ets>pongite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil coral resembling Fungia.</def>



<hw>Fun*giv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fungus + vorare</ets> to eat freedily: cf. F.

<ets>fangivore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating

fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.</def>



<hw>Fun"goid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fungus</ets> + <ets>-oil</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fongo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a fungus; fungous;

spongy.</def>



<hw>Fun*gol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

mycologist.</def>



<hw>Fun*gol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fungus</ets> + --<ets>logy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Mycology.</def>



<hw>Fun*gos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fungosit\'82</ets>, <ets>fongosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Fun"gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fungosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fungueux</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of the nature of fungi; spongy.</def>



<-- p. 604 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Growing suddenly, but not substantial or

durable.</def>



<hw>Fun"gus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Fungi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Funguses</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a

doubtful Gr. <?/ sponge, for <?/ ;if so, cf. E.

<ets>sponge</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any

one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes

of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts,

mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.</def>



<note><hand/ The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and,

therefore, to be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live

as saprophytes or parasites. They range in size from single

microscopic cells to systems of entangled threads many feet in

extent, which develop reproductive bodies as large as a man's

head. The vegetative system consists of septate or rarely

unseptate filaments called hyph<ae/; the aggregation of hyph<ae/

into structures of more or less definite form is known as the

mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A spongy, morbid growth or

granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds.</def>



<au>Hoblyn.</au>



<hw>Fu"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Funicular.</def>



<hw>Fu"ni*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>funiculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>funis</ets> cord, rope: cf. F.

<ets>funicule</ets> funicle (in sense 2). Cf.

<er>Funambulo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

small cord, ligature, or fiber.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The little stalk that attaches

a seed to the placenta.</def>



<hw>Fu*nic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>funiculaire</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of a small cord or fiber.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dependent on the tension of a cord.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a funiculus;

made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; <as>as, a

funicular ligament</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Funicular action</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the force

or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to

which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in

a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow.</cd>

-- <col>Funicular curve</col>. <cd>Same as

<er>Catenary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Funicular machine</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>an apparatus for illustrating certain

principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at

one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a

pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights

are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support

and the pulley.</cd> -- <col>Funicular polygon</col></mcol>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the polygonal figure assumed by a cord

fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different

points.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fu*nic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Forming a

narrow ridge.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fu*nic"u*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Funiculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a little cord.

See <er>Funicle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>(Anat.) A cord,

baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of the small bundles of

fibers, of which large nerves are made up; applied also to

different bands of white matter in the brain and spinal

cord.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A short cord

which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the

amnion.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In Bryozoa, an organ extending

back from the stomach. See <er>Bryozoa</er>, and

<er>Phylactolema</er>.</def>



<hw>Fu*nil"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>funis</ets> rope + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling a cord in toughness and

flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fu"nis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a rope.

]</ety> <def>A cord; specifically, the umbilical cord or navel

string.</def>



<hw>Funk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>funke</ets> a little fire; akin to Prov. E. <ets>funk</ets>

touchwood, G. <ets>funke</ets> spark, and perh. to Goth.

<ets>f<?/n</ets> fire.]</ety> <def>An offensive smell; a

stench.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<hw>Funk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To envelop with an offensive

smell or smoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>King.</au>



<hw>Funk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit an

offensive smell; to stink.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch;

<as>as, to funk at the edge of a precipice</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<cs><col>To funk out</col>, <cd>to back out in a cowardly

fashion. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<q>To <qex>funk</qex> right out o' political strife.</q>

<qau>Lowell (Biglow Papers).</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Funk</hw>, <hw>Funk"ing</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A shrinking back through fear.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

\'bdThe horrid panic, or <xex>funk</xex> (as the men of Eton call

it).\'b8



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Funk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

or characterized by, great fear, or funking.</def> <mark>[Colloq.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Fun"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>funel</ets>, <ets>fonel</ets>, prob. through OF. fr, L.

<ets>fundibulum</ets>, <ets>infundibulum</ets>, funnel, fr.

<ets>infundere</ets> to pour in; in in + <ets>fundere</ets> to

pour; cf. Armor. <ets>founil</ets> funnel, W. <ets>ffynel</ets>

air hole, chimney. See <er>Fuse</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow

cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids

into a close vessel; a tunnel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing

substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney

of a steamship or the like.</def>



<cs><col>Funnel box</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>an apparatus

for collecting finely crushed ore from water.</cd>

<au>Knight</au>. -- <col>Funnel stay</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's

funnel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fun"nel*form`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel;

that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the

corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.</def>



<hw>Fun"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Funnier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Funniest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Fun</er>.]</ety> <def>Droll; comical; amusing;

laughable.</def>



<cs><col>Funny bone</col>. <cd>See <cref>crazy bone</cref>, under

<er>Crazy</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fun"ny</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Funnies</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for

sculling.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Fur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>furre</ets>, OF.  <ets>forre</ets>, <ets>fuerre</ets>,

sheatth, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>fuotar</ets>

lining, case, G. <ets>futter</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>f<?/<?/r</ets> lining, Goth. <ets>f<?/dr</ets>, scabbard;

cf. Skr. <ets>p<?/tra</ets> vessel, dish. The German and Icel.

words also have the sense, <ets>fodder</ets>, but this was

probably a different word originally. Cf. <er>Fodder</er> food,

<er>Fother</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Forel</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals,

growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which

is longer and coarser.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The skins of certain wild animals with the fur;

peltry; <as>as, a cargo of furs</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on

garments for warmth or for ornament.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Articles of clothing made of

fur; <as>as, a set of <ex>furs</ex> for a lady (a collar, tippet,

or cape, muff, etc</as>.).</def>



<q>Wrapped up in my <qex>furs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lady M. W. Montagu.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any coating considered as resembling fur</def>;

as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A coat of morbid matter collected on the

tongue in persons affected with fever</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The deposit formed on the interior of boilers

and other vessels by hard water.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of several patterns or

diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according

to some writers, only six.</def>



<au>See Tincture.</au>



<hw>Fur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

furs; bearing or made of fur; <as>as, a <ex>fur</ex> cap; the

<ex>fur</ex> trade.</as></def>



<cs><col>Fur seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>one of several

species of seals of the genera <spn>Callorhinus</spn> and

<spn>Arclocephalus</spn>, inhabiting the North Pacific and the

Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is

highly prized. The northern fur seal (<spn>Callorhinus

ursinus</spn>) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands,

off the coast of Alaska; -- called also <altname>sea

bear</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fur</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Furred</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Furring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To line, face, or

cover with fur; <as>as, <ex>furred</ex> robes</as>.</def> \'bdYou

<xex>fur</xex> your gloves with reason.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with morbid matter, as the

tongue.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>(Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger

scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or

boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the

plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of

protection against damp.</def>



<au>Gwill.</au>



<hw>Fu*ra"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furax</ets>, <ets>-racis</ets> thievish, from <ets>fur</ets>

thief.]</ety> <def>Given to theft; thievish.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fu*rac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

furacitas.]</ety> <def>Addictedness to theft; thievishness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fur"be*low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. F.

<ets>farbala</ets>, equiv. to F. <ets>falbala</ets>, It.

<ets>falbal\'85</ets>.]</ety> <def>A plaited or gathered flounce

on a woman's garment.</def>



<hw>Fur"he*low</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Furbelowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Furbelowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put a

furbelow on; to ornament.</def>



<hw>Fur"bish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Furbished</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Furbishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forbischen</ets>, OF. <ets>forbir</ets>, <ets>furbir</ets>,

<ets>fourbir</ets>, F. <ets>fourbir</ets>, fr. OHG.

<ets>furban</ets> to clean. See <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <def>To rub

or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; <as>as, to furbish

a sword or spear</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q><qex>Furbish</qex> new the name of John a Gaunt.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fur"bish*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being furbished.</def>



<hw>Fur"bish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fourbisseur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who furbishes; esp., a

sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar

weapons.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fur"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fur"ca*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>furca</ets>

fork. See <er>Fork</er>.]</ety> <def>Forked; branching like a

fork; <as>as, furcate twigs</as>.</def>



<hw>Fur*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A branching

like a. fork.</def>



<hw>Fur*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furcifer</ets> yoke bearer, scoundrel; <ets>furca</ets>

fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment +

<ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Rascally; scandalous.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Furciferous</xex> knaves.\'b8



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fur"cu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

forked prop, dim. of <ets>furca</ets> a fork.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A forked process; the wishbone or

furculum.</def>



<hw>Fur"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped like

a fork; furcate.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fur"cu*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

dim. of L. <ets>furca</ets> a fork.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united

clavicles.</def>



<hw>Fur"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fardel</er>, and cf. <er>Furl</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw up

into a bundle; to roll up.</def> <mark>[Ods.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Fur"fur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>Scurf; dandruff.</def>



<hw>Fur"fu*ra"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furfuraceus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Made of bran; like bran;

scurfy.</def>



<hw>Fur"fu*ran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furfur</ets> bran.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

colorless, oily substance, <chform>C4H4O</chform>, obtained by

distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of

pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also

<altname>tetraphenol</altname>.</def><-- = furan -->



<hw>Fur"fu*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furfur</ets> bran, scurf.]</ety> <def>Falling of scurf from

the head; desquamation.</def>



<hw>Fur"fu*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline base, obtained

indirectly from furfurol.</def>



<hw>Fur"fu*rol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furfur</ets> bran + <ets>ole</ets>um oil.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oily liquid,

<chform>C4H3O.CHO</chform>, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the

distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde

derivative of furfuran; -- called also

<altname>furfural</altname>.</def>



<hw>Fur"fu*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of

bran; furfuraceous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Furfurous</xex> bread.\'b8



<au>Sydney Smith.</au>



<hw>Fu"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furialis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>furial</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Furious; raging; tormenting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Fu`ri*bun"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furibundus</ets>, fr. <ets>furere</ets> to rage.]</ety>

<def>Full of rage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>G. Harvey.</au>



<hw>Fu"ries</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Fury</er>, 3.</def>



<hw>Fu"rile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Fur</ets>furol + ben<ets>zile</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline substance,

<chform>(C4H3O)2.C2O2</chform>, obtained by the oxidation of

furoin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>furil</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Fu*ril"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; <as>as,

<ex>furilic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Fu"ri*o"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.& adv.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With great force or

vigor; vehemently.</def>



<hw>Fu"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>furia</ets> rage, fury: cf. F.

<ets>furieux</ets>. See <er>Fury</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; <as>as, a

furious animal</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence;

<as>as, a <ex>furious</ex> stream; a <ex>furious</ex> wind or

storm.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent;

tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Fu"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Fu"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Furl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Furld</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Furling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>furdle</ets>, fr. <ets>fardel</ets> bundle:

cf. F. <ets>ferler</ets> to furl, OF. <ets>fardeler</ets> to

pack. See <er>Furdle</er>, <er>Fardel</er>, and cf.

<er>Farl</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw up or gather into close

compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or

mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it

there by a gasket or line. Totten.</def>



<hw>Fur"long</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>furlong</ets>, <ets>furlang</ets>, AS. <ets>furlang</ets>,

<ets>furlung</ets>, prop., the length of a furrow;

<ets>furh</ets> furrow + <ets>lang</ets> long. See

<er>Furrow</er>, and <er>Long</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A

measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two

hundred and twenty yards.</def>



<hw>Fur"lough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr. D.

<ets>verlof</ets>, fr. a prefix akin to E. <ets>for</ets> + the

root of E. <ets>lief</ets>, and akin to Dan. <ets>forlov</ets>,

Sw. <ets>f\'94rlof</ets>, G. v<ets>erlaub</ets> permission. See

<er>Life</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Leave

of abserice; especially, leave given to an offcer or soldier to

be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document

granting leave of absence.</def>



<hw>Fur"lough</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Furloughed</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Furloughing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as

to an offcer or soldier.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fur"mon*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fur"mi*ty</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Frumenty</er>.</def>



<hw>Fur"nace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fornais</ets>, <ets>forneis</ets>, OF. <ets>fornaise</ets>,

F. <ets>fournaise</ets>, from L. <ets>fornax</ets>; akin to

furnus oven, and prob. to E. <ets>forceps</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inclosed place in which heat is produced by

the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals,

for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; <as>as, an iron

<ex>furnace</ex>; a hot-air <ex>furnace</ex>; a glass

<ex>furnace</ex>; a boiler <ex>furnace</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<note><hand/ Furnaces are classified as <xex>wind</xex> or

<xex>air</xex>. <xex>furnaces</xex> when the fire is urged only

by the natural draught; as <xex>blast furnaces</xex>, when the

fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current

of air; and as <xex>reverberatory furnaces</xex>, when the flame,

in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof

upon the materials operated upon.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place or time of punishment, affiction, or

great trial; severe experience or discipline.</def>



<au>Deut. iv. 20.</au>



<cs><col>Bustamente furnace</col>, <cd>a shaft furnace for

roasting quicksilver ores.</cd> -- <col>Furnace bridge</col>,

<cd>Same as <cref>Bridge wall</cref>.</cd> See <er>Bridge</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 5. -- <mcol><col>Furnace</col> <col>cadmiam <or/

cadmia</col><mcol>, <cd>the oxide of zinc which accumulates in

the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores.</cd>

<au>Raymond</au>. -- <col>Furnace hoist</col> <fld>(Iron

Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the

mouth of a blast furnace.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fur"nace</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw out,

or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<q>He <qex>furnaces</qex>

The thick sighe from him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Fur"ni*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fourniment</ets>. See <er>Furnish</er>.]</ety>

<def>Furniture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Fur"nish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Furnished</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Furnishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>furnir</ets>,

<ets>fornir</ets>, to <ets>furnish</ets>, <ets>finish</ets>, F.

<ets>fournir</ets>; akin to Pr. <ets>formir</ets>,

<ets>furmir</ets>, <ets>fromir</ets>, to accomplish, satisfy, fr.

OHG. <ets>frumjan</ets> to further, execute, do, akin to E.

<ets>frame</ets>. See <er>Frame</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and

<er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To supply with anything

necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit

out, or fit up; to adorn; <as>as, to furnish a family with

provisions; to <ex>furnish</ex> one with arms for defense; to

<ex>furnish</ex> a Cable; to <ex>furnish</ex> the mind with

ideas; to <ex>furnish</ex> one with knowledge or principles; to

<ex>furnish</ex> an expedition or enterprise, a room or a

house.</as></def>



<q>That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly

<qex>furnished</qex>

unto all good works.</q>

<qau>2 Tim. iii. 17,</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To offer for use; to provide (something); to

give (something); to afford; <as>as, to furnish food to the

hungry: to furnish arms for defense</as>.</def>



<q>Ye are they . . . that <qex>furnish</qex> the drink offering

unto that

number.</q>

<qau>Is. lxv. 11.</qau>



<q>His writings and his life <qex>furnish</qex> abundant proofs

that he was not a man of strong sense.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Fur"nish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is furnished as

a specimen; a sample; a supply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Greene.</au>



<hw>Fur"nish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

supplies or fits out.</def>



<hw>Fur"nish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Daniel.</au>



<hw>Fur"ni*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fourniture</ets>. See <er>Furnish</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That with which anything is

furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.</def>



<q>The form and all the <qex>furniture</qex> of the earth.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<q>The thoughts which make the <qex>furniture</qex> of their

minds.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Articles used for convenience or decoration in a

house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets,

curtains, pictures, vases, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The necessary appendages to anything, as to a

machine, a carriage, a ship, etc.</def> <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The masts and rigging of a ship</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The mountings of a gun</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Builders' hardware such as locks, door and

window trimmings</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Print)</fld>

<def>Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type,

placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the

quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the

chase</def>.



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A mixed or compound stop in an

organ; -- sometimes called <xex>mixture</xex>.</def>



<hw>Fu"ro*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Furfurol</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless,

crystalline substance, <chform>C10H8O4</chform>, from

furfurol.</def>



<hw>Fu*ro"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<def>Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.</def>



<-- p. 605 -->



<hw>Fur"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fourreur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dealer in furs; one who makes

or sells fur goods.</def>



<hw>Fur"ri*er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Furs, in general.</def>



<au>Tooke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The business of a furrier; trade in furs.</def>



<hw>Fur"ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Carp.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The leveling of a surface,

or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or

of larger pieces. See <er>Fur</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 3.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The strips thus laid on.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Double planking of a

ship's side.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A deposit from water, as on the inside of a

boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.</def>



<hw>Fur"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>forow</ets>, <ets>forgh</ets>, <ets>furgh</ets>, AS.

<ets>furh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>voor</ets>, OHG.

<ets>furuh</ets>, G. <ets>furche</ets>, Dan. <ets>fure</ets>, Sw.

<ets>f<?/ra</ets>, Icel. for drain, L. <ets>porca</ets> ridge

between two furrows.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A trench in the

earth made by, or as by, a plow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or

metal; a wrinkle on the face; <as>as, the furrows of

age</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Farrow weed</col> <cd>a weed which grows on plowed

land.</cd> <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>To draw a straight

furrow</col>, <cd>to live correctly; not to deviate from the

right line of duty. <au>Lowell</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fur"row</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Furrowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Furrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Furrow</er>, <pos>n.</pos>; cf. AS. <ets>fyrian</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow;

<as>as, to furrow the ground or sea</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark with channels or with wrinkles.</def>



<q>Thou canst help time to <qex>furrow</qex> me with age.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Fair cheeks were <qex>furrowed</qex> with hot tears.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Fur"row*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Furrowed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Fur"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fur</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered with fur; dressed

in fur.</def> \'bd<xex>Furry</xex> nations.\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of fur; <as>as, furry

spoils</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Resembling fur.</def>



<hw>Fur"ther</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[A

comparative of forth; OE. <ets>further</ets>, <ets>forther</ets>,

AS. <ets>fur<?/or</ets>, <ets>far<?/ur</ets>; akin to G.

<ets>f\'81rder</ets>. See <er>Forth</er>, <pos>adv.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See

<er>Farther</er>.</def>



<q>Carries us, I know not how much <qex>further</qex>, into

familiar company.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<q>They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no

<qex>further</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</qau>



<cs><col>Further off</col>, <cd>not so near; apart by a greater

distance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fur"ther</hw>, <pos>a. compar.</pos> <wordforms>[<it>Positive

wanting</it>; <pos>superl.</pos> <er>Furthest</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>More remote; at a greater distance; more in

advance; farther; <as>as, the further end of the field</as>. See

<er>Farther</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Beyond; additional; <as>as, a <ex>further</ex>

reason for this opinion; nothing <ex>further</ex> to

suggest.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The forms <xex>further</xex> and <xex>farther</xex>

are in general not differentiated by writers, but

<xex>further</xex> is preferred by many when application to

quantity or degree is implied.</note>



<hw>Fur"ther"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Furthered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Furthering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>furthren</ets>, <ets>forthren</ets>, AS.

<ets>fyr<edh/ran</ets>, <ets>fyr<edh/rian</ets>. See

<er>Further</er>, <pos>adv.</pos>]</ety> <def>To help forward; to

promote; to advance; to forward; to help or assist.</def>



<q>This binds thee, then, to <qex>further</qex> my design.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>I should nothing <qex>further</qex> the weal public.</q>

<qau>Robynsom (More's Utopia).</qau>



<hw>Fur"ther*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement;

progress.</def>



<q>I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your

<qex>furthersnce</qex> and joy of faith.</q>

<qau>Phil. i. 25.</qau>



<q>Built of <qex>furtherance</qex> and pursuing, Not of spent

deeds, but of doing.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Far"ther*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Fur"ther*more"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>or

conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.</def>



<hw>Fur"ther*most"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Most

remote; furthest.</def>



<hw>Fur"ther*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>You will not find it <qex>furthersome</qex>.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Fur"thest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>superl. Most

remote; most in advance; farthest. See <er>Further</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Fur"thest</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At the greatest

distance; farthest.</def>



<hw>Fur"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furtivus</ets>, fr. <ets>furtum</ets> theft, fr.

<ets>fur</ets> thief, akin to <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F.

<ets>furtif</ets>. See <er>Fertile</er>.]</ety> <def>Stolen;

obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy;

<as>as, a furtive look</as>.</def>



<au>Prior.</au>



<q>A hasty and furtive ceremony.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>Fur"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Stealthily by

theft.</def>



<au>Lover.</au>



<hw>Fu"run*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>furunculus</ets> a petty thief, a boil, dim. of

<ets>fur</ets> thief: cf. F. <ets>furoncle</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A superficial, inflammatory tumor,

suppurating with a central core; a boil.</def>



<hw>Fa*run"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the presence of

furuncles.</def>



<hw>Fu"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Have an eye to your plate, for there be <qex>furies</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Fleteher.</qau>



<hw>Fu"ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Furies</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>furia</ets>, fr.

<ets>furere</ets> to rage: cf. F. <ets>furie</ets>. Cf.

<er>Furor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Violent or extreme

excitement; overmastering agitation or enthusiasm. Her wit began

to be with a divine fury inspired.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes

applied to inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity;

violence.</def> \'bd<xex>Fury</xex> of the wind.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>I do oppose my patience to his <qex>fury</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>pl. <fld>(Greek Myth.)</fld> The avenging

deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Meg\'91ra; the Erinyes or

Eumenides.</def>



<q>The <qex>Furies</qex>, they said, are attendants on justice,

and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path would punish

him.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of the Parc\'91, or Fates, esp.

Atropos.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Comes the blind <qex>Fury</qex> with the abhorred shears,

And slits the thin-spun life.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a

vixen; a virago; a termagant.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage;

vehemence; violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See

<er>Anger</er>.</syn>



<hw>Furze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>firs</ets>, As. <ets>fyrs</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A thorny evergreen shrub (<spn>Ulex Europ\'91us</spn>), with

beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the plains and hills

of Great Britain; -- called also <altname>gorse</altname>, and

<altname>whin</altname>. The dwarf furze is <spn>Ulex

nanus</spn>.</def>



<hw>Furze"chat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The whinchat; -- called also

<altname>furzechuck</altname>.</def>



<hw>Furze"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An English warbler (<spn>Melizophilus

provincialis</spn>); -- called also <altname>furze

wren</altname>, and <altname>Dartford warbler</altname>.</def>



<hw>Furz"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furzy;

gorsy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Furz"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. a.</pos><def>bounding in,

or overgrown with, furze; characterized by furze.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<hw>\'d8Fu"sain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., the

spindle tree; also, charcoal made from it.]</ety> <fld>(Eine

Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Fine charcoal of willow wood, used

as a drawing implement.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drawing made

with it. See <er>Charcoal</er>, <pos>n.</pos> 2, and

<cref>Charcoal drawing</cref>, under <er>Charcoal</er>.</def>



<hw>Fu"sa*role</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fusarolle</ets>, fr. It. <ets>fusaruolo</ets>, fr.

<ets>fuso</ets> spindle, shaft of a column. See <er>Fusee</er> a

conical wheel.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A molding generally

placed under the echinus or quarter round of capitals in the

Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.</def>



<hw>Fus*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fuscare</ets>, <ets>fuscatum</ets>, to make dark, fr.

<ets>fuscus</ets> dark.]</ety> <def>A darkening; obscurity;

obfuscation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Fus"cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fuscus</ets> dark-colored, tawny.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>A brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the

retinal epithelium; a variety of melanin.</def>



<hw>Fus"cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal

oil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fus"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fuscus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brown or grayish black;

darkish.</def>



<q>Sad and <qex>fuscous</qex> colors, as black or brown, or deep

purple

and the like.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Fuse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fused</er>

<pr>(fuzd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fusus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>fundere</ets> to pour, melt, cast. See <er>Foundo</er> to

cast, and cf. <ets>Futile</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

liquefy by heat; to render fiuid; to dissolve; to melt.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite or blend, as if melted together.</def>



<q>Whose fancy <qex>fuses</qex> old and new.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Fuse</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be reduced

from a solid to a Quid state by heat; to be melted; to

melt.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be blended, as if melted together.</def>



<cs><col>Fusing point</col>, <cd>the degree of temperature at

which a substance melts; the point of fusion.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fuse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>fusee</ets>,

<ets>fusil</ets>. See 2d <er>Fusil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gunnery,

Mining, etc.)</fld> <def>A tube or casing filled with combustible

matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in

blasting; -- called also <altname>fuzee</altname>. See

<er>Fuze</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Fuse hole</col>, <cd>the hole in a shell prepared for

the reception of the fuse.</cd> <au>Farrow.</au></cs>



<hw>Fu*see"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

<er>Fusil</er>, and cf. <er>Fuse</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A flintlock gun. See 2d <er>Fusil</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fuse. See <er>Fuse</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of match for lighting a pipe or

cigar.</def>



<-- 4. A red signal flare.  It is used esp. as a warning signal

for trains or road vehicles, indicating an obstruction or

accident ahead.



   5. <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A small packet of explosive

material with wire appendages allowing it to be conveniently

attached to a railroad track.  It will explode with a loud report

when run over by a train, and is used to provide a warning signal

to the engineer.</def> -->



<hw>Fu*see"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>

<def>The track of a buck.</def>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<hw>Fu*see"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>fus\'82e</ets> a

spindleful, fusee, LL. <ets>fusata</ets>, fr. <ets>fusare</ets>

to use a spindle, L. <ets>fusus</ets> spindle.]</ety>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cone or conical wheel of a watch or clock,

designed to equalize the power of the mainspring by having the

chain from the barrel which contains the spring wind in a spiral

groove on the surface of the cone in such a manner that the

diameter of the cone at the point where the chain acts may

correspond with the degree of tension of the spring.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A similar wheel used in other machinery.</def>



<mhw><hw>Fu"sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <hw>Fu"sel

oil</hw></mhw>. <ety>[G. <ets>fusel</ets> bad liquor.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying

many alcoholic liquors (as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as

an undesirable ingredient, and consisting of several of the

higher alcohols and compound ethers, but particularly of amyl

alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl alcohol.</def>



<hw>Fu"si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fusibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being

fusible.</def>



<hw>Fu"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fusible</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>CapabIe of being melted or liquefied.</def>



<cs><col>Fusible metal</col>, <cd>any alloy of different metals

capable of being easily fused, especially an alloy of five parts

of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which melts at a

temperature below that of boiling water.</cd> <au>Ure</au>. --

<col>Fusible plug</col> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld>, <cd>a piece of

easily fusible alloy, placed in one of the sheets and intended to

melt and blow off the steam in case of low water.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fu"si*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fusus</ets> spindle + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>fusiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a spindle; tapering

at each end; <as>as, a <ex>fusiform</ex> root; a

<ex>fusiform</ex> cell.</as></def>



<hw>Fu"sil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fusilis</ets> molten, fluid, fr. <ets>fundere</ets>,

<ets>fusum</ets>, to pour, cast. See <er>Fuse</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being melted or

rendered fluid by heat; fusible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdA

kind of <xex>fusil</xex> marble\'b8



<au>Woodward.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Running or flowing, as a liquid.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>fusil</xex> sea.\'b8



<au>J. Philips.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast;

founded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fu"sil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fusil</ets>, LL. <ets>fosile</ets> a steel for kindling

fire, from L. <ets>focus</ets> hearth, fireplace, in LLL. fire.

See <er>Focus</er>, and cf. <er>Fusee</er> a firelock.]</ety>

<def>A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.</def>



<hw>Fu"sil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 3d

<er>Fusee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing of a

rhomboidal figure; -- named from its shape, which resembles that

of a spindle.</def>



<note><hand/ It differs from a lozenge in being longer in

proportion to its width.</note>



<hw>Fu"sile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Fusil</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fu"sil*eer"</hw>, <hw>Fu"sil*ier"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>fusilier</ets>, fr.

<ets>fusil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the

plural:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A title now borne by some

regiments and companies; <as>as, \'bdThe Royal

<ex>Fusiliers</ex>,\'b8 etc</as>.</def>



<hw>Fu"sil*lade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fusillade</ets>, cf. It. <ets>fucilata</ets>. See

<er>Fusil</er> a firelock.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A

simultaneous discharge of firearms.</def>



<hw>Fu"sil*lade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Fusillader</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Fusillading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of

firearms.</def>



<hw>Fu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fusio</ets>, fr. <ets>fundere</ets>, <ets>fusum</ets> to

pour, melt: cf. F. <ets>fusion</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, aud cf, <er>Foison</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat; the act

of melting together; <as>as, the fusion of metals</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being melted or dissolved by heat;

a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; <as>as,

metals in fusion</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The union or blending together of things,

<as>as, melted together</as>.</def>



<q>The universal <qex>fusion</qex> of races, languages, and

customs . . . 

had produced a corresponding <qex>fusion</qex> of creeds.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<cs><col>Watery fusion</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>the melting

of certain crystals by heat in their own water of

crystallization.</cd></cs>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The union, or binding

together, of adjacent parts or tissues.</def>



<hw>Fu"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>f<?/san</ets> to hasten, fr. <ets>f<?/s</ets> ready, prompt,

quick; akin to OS. <ets>f<?/s</ets>, OHG. <ets>funs</ets>, Icel.

<ets>fuss</ets> willing; prob. from the root of E.

<ets>find</ets>.]</ety> <def>Handy; reat; handsome;

notable.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Fuss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Fusome</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tumult; a bustle;

unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<q>Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of <qex>fuss</qex>

or noise</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is unduly anxious about trifles.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I am a <qex>fuss</qex> and I don't deny it.</q>

<qau>W. D. Howell.</qau>



<hw>Fuss</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Fussed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Fussing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be overbusy or unduly

anxious about trifles; to make a bustle or ado.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Fuss"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a fussy

manner.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Fuss"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

fussy.</def>



<hw>Fuss"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Fussier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl</pos> <er>Fussiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Making a

fuss; disposed to make an unnecessary ado about trifles;

overnice; fidgety.</def>



<q>Not at all <qex>fussy</qex> about his personal appearance.</q>

<qau>R. G. White.</qau>



<hw>Fast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>fust</ets>, F. <ets>f<?/t</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fustis</ets>

stick staff.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The shaft of a

column, or trunk of pilaster.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Fust</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>fust</ets> cask, F.

<ets>f<?/t</ets> cask, taste or smell of the caak,

<ets>fustiness</ets>, cf. sentir le <ets>f<?/t</ets> to taste of

the cask. See <er>1st Fust</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong, musty

smell; mustiness.</def>



<hw>Fust</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become moldy; to smell

ill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fust"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moldy; ill-smelling.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Fus"ter*ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The coloring

matter of fustet.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Fus"tet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fustet</ets> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>fustete</ets>), LL.

<ets>fustetus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fustis</ets> stick, in LL.,

tree, See <er>1st Fust</er>, and cf. <er>Fustic</er>.]</ety>

<def>The wood of the Rhus Cptinus or Venice sumach, a shrub of

Southern Europe, which yields a fine orange color, which,

however, is not durable without a mordant.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Fus"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>fustan</ets>, <ets>fustian</ets>, OF. <ets>fustaine</ets>,

F. <ets>futaine</ets>, It. <ets>fustagno</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>fustaneum</ets>, <ets>fustanum</ets>; cf. Pr.

<ets>fustani</ets>, Sp. <ets>fustan</ets>. So called from

<ets>Fust\'bet</ets>, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and

linen stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing

in which high-sounding words are used,' above the dignity of the

thoughts or subject; bombast.</def>



<q>Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched

<qex>fustian</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Fus"tian</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Made of

fustian.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated;

bombastic; <as>as, fustian history</as>.</def>



<au>Walpole.</au>



<hw>Fus"tian*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer of

fustian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Fus"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>fustoc</ets>, Sp. <ets>fustoc</ets>. Cf.

<er>Fustet</er>.]</ety> <def>The wood of the <spn>Maclura

tinctoria</spn>, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in

dyeing yellow; -- called also <altname>old

fustic</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>fustoc</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ Other kinds of yellow wood are often called

<xex>fustic</xex>; as that of species of <spn>Xanthoxylum</spn>,

and especially the <spn>Rhus Cotinus</spn>, which is sometimes

called <xex>young</xex> fustic to distinguish it from the

<spn>Maclura</spn>. See <er>Fustet</er>.</note>



<hw>Fus"ti*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fustigare</ets>, fr. <ets>fustis</ets> stick. See <er>1st

Fust</er>.]</ety> <def>To cudgel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Fus"ti*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>fustigation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A punishment by beating with

a stick or club; cudgeling.</def>



<q>This satire, composed of actual <qex>fustigation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<hw>Fas"ti*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Fusty</er>.]</ety> <def>A low fellow; a stinkard; a

scoundrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Fus"ti*lug`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <hw>Fus"ti*lugs`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Fusty</ets> +

<ets>lug</ets> someting heavy, to be drawn or carried.]</ety>

<def>A gross, fat, unwieldy person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>F. Junius.</au>



<hw>Fus"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fusty

state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an ill smell from

moldiness.</def>



<hw>Fusty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar</pos>. <er>Fustier</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>superl</pos> <er>Fustiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>2d Fust</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moldy; musty;

ill-smelling; rank.</def> \'bdA <xex>fusty</xex> plebeians.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moping.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>A melancholy, <qex>fusty</qex> humor.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<hw>Fus"sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>fusura</ets>, fr. <ets>fundere</ets>, <ets>fusum</ets>. See

<er>Fuse</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Act of fusing;

fusion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<-- p. 606 -->



<hw>Futch"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The jaws

between which the hinder end of a carriage tongue is

inserted.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Fu"tile</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>futilis</ets> that easily pours out, that easily lets loose,

vain, worthless, from the root of <ets>fundere</ets> to pour out:

cf. F. <ets>futile</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Talkative; loquacious; tattling.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Talkers and <qex>futile</qex> persons.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of no importance; answering no useful end;

useless; vain; worthless.</def> \'bd<xex>Futile</xex>

theories.\'b8



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<q>His reasoning . . . was singularly <qex>futile</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Fu"tile*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a futile

manner.</def>



<hw>Fu"til`i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>futilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>futilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being talkative; talkativeness;

loquaciousness; loquacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of producing no valuable effect, or

of coming to nothing; uselessness.</def>



<q>The <qex>futility</qex> of this mode of philosophizing.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Fu"til*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Futile;

trifling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Fu"ttock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

corrupted fr. <ets>foothook</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>One of the crooked timbers which are scarfed together to

form the lower part of the compound rib of a vessel; one of the

crooked transverse timbers passing across and over the

keel.</def>



<cs><col>Futtock plates</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>plates of

iron to which the dead-eyes of the topmast rigging are

secured.</cd> -- <col>Futtock shrouds</col>, <cd>short iron

shrouds leading from the upper part of the lower mast or of the

main shrouds to the edge of the top, or through it, and

connecting the topmast rigging with the lower mast.</cd></cs>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Fu"tur*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being future; possible to occur.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Not only to things future, but <qex>futurable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Fu"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>futur</ets>, L.  <ets>futurus</ets>, used as fut. p. of

<ets>esse</ets> to be, but from the same root as E.

<ets>be</ets>. See <er>Be</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>That

is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the

present; <as>as, the next moment is <ex>future</ex>, to the

present</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Future tense</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the tense or

modification of a verb which expresses a future act or

event.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fu"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. 

<ets>futur</ets>. See <er>Future</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Time to come; time subsequent to the present

(as, the <xex>future</xex> shall be as the present);

collectively, events that are to happen in time to come.</def>

\'bdLay the <xex>future</xex> open.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The possibilities of the future; -- used

especially of prospective success or advancement; <as>as, he had

great <ex>future</ex> before him</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A future tense.</def>



<cs><col>To deal in futures</col>, <cd>to speculate on the future

values of merchandise or stocks. <mark>[Brokers'

cant]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Fu"ture*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without prospect of

betterment in the future.</def>



<au>W. D. Howells.</au>



<hw>Fu"ture*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In time to come.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Fu"tur*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One whose

chief interests are in what is to come; one who anxiously,

eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an

expectant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who believes or

maintains that the fulfillment of the prophecies of the Bible is

to be in the future.</def>



<hw>Fu`tu*ri"tial</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to what is to come; pertaining to futurity;

future.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Fu`tu*ri"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>futurition</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being future;

futurity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Nothing . . . can have this imagined <qex>futurition</qex>,

but as it is decreed.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Fu*tu"ri*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Futurities</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>State of being that is yet to come; future

state.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Future time; time to come; the future.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Event to come; a future event.</def>



<q>All <qex>futurities</qex> are naked before the All-seeing

Eye.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Fuze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tube, filled

with combustible matter, for exploding a shell, etc. See

<er>Fuse</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<cs><col>Chemical fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze in which substances

separated until required for action are then brought into

contact, and uniting chemically, produce explosion.</cd> --

<col>Concussion fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze ignited by the striking of

the projectile.</cd> -- <col>Electric fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze

which is ignited by heat or a spark produced by an electric

current.</cd> -- <col>Friction fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze which is

ignited by the heat evolved by friction.</cd> -- <col>Percussion

fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze in which the ignition is produced by a

blow on some fulminating compound.</cd> -- <col>Time fuze</col>,

<cd>a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the character of

its composition, to burn a certain time before producing an

explosion.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fuzz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

drunk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wood.</au>



<hw>Fuzz</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>fuzzy</ets>

that ravels (of silk or cotton), D. <ets>voos</ets> spongy,

fungous, G. <ets>faser</ets> filament. E. <ets>feaze</ets> to

untwist.]</ety> <def>Fine, light particles or fibers; loose,

volatile matter.</def>



<cs><col>Fuzz ball</col>, <cd>a kind of fungus or mushroom,

which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a

puffball.</cd></cs>



<hw>Fuzz</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fly off in minute

particles.</def>



<hw>Fuz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG.

<ets>fuseln</ets> to drink common liquor, fr. <ets>fusel</ets>

bad liquor.]</ety> <def>To make drunk; to intoxicate; to

fuddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Fuzz"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fuzz</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not firmly

woven; that ravels.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>fozy</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz;

<as>as, the <ex>fuzzy</ex> skin of a peach</as>.</def>



<hw>-fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Through French verbs in

<ets>-fier</ets>, L. <ets>-ficare</ets>, akin to

<ets>facere</ets> to do, make. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>A

suffix signifying <xex>to make</xex>, <xex>to form into</xex>,

etc.; <as>as, aceti<ex>fy</ex>, ampli<ex>fy</ex>,

dandi<ex>fy</ex>, Frenchi<ex>fy</ex>, etc</as>.</def>



<hw>Fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Fie</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word which

expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or

contempt. See <er>Fie</er>.</def>



<hw>Fyke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>fuik</ets> a bow net.]</ety> <def>A long bag net distended

by hoops, into which fish can pass easily, without being able to

return; -- called also <altname>fyke net</altname>.</def>



<au>Cozzens.</au>



<hw>Fyl"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. fr. AS.

<ets>fy<?/erf<?/te</ets>, <ets>fierf<?/te</ets>,

<ets>fe\'a2werf<?/te</ets>. See <er>Four</er>, and <er>Foot</er>,

n.]</ety> <def>A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret emblem,

and a common ornament. It is also called

<altname>gammadion</altname>, and

<altname>swastika</altname>.</def>

<-- Illustr. of two types of fyllot. -->



<mhw><hw>Fyrd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Fyr"dung</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.; akin to E.

<ets>fare</ets>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Old. Eng.

Hist.)</fld> <def>The military force of the whole nation,

consisting of all men able to bear arms.</def>



<q>The national <qex>fyrd</qex> or militia.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<hw>Fytte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Fit</er>

a song.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<centered><point26>G.</point26></centered>



<hw>G</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <sn>1.</sn> <def>G is the seventh letter

of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two

sounds; one simple, as in <xex>gave</xex>, <xex>go</xex>,

<xex>gull</xex>; the other compound (like that of <it>j</it>), as

in <xex>gem</xex>, <xex>gin</xex>, <xex>dingy</xex>. See

<xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/ 231-6, 155, 176,

178, 179, 196, 211, 246.</def>



<note>The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it

first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the

Latin, and probably comes to us through the French.

Etymologically it is most closely related to a <xex>c</xex> hard,

<xex>k y</xex>, and <xex>w</xex>; as in <xex>c</xex>orn,

<xex>g</xex>rain, <xex>k</xex>ernel; <xex>k</xex>in L.

<xex>g</xex>enus, Gr. <?/; E. <xex>g</xex>arden, <xex>y</xex>ard;

dra<xex>g</xex>, dra<xex>w</xex>; also to <xex>ch</xex> and

<xex>h</xex>; as in <xex>g</xex>et, pre<xex>h</xex>ensile;

<xex>g</xex>uest, <xex>h</xex>ost (an army); <xex>g</xex>all,

<xex>ch</xex>oler; <xex>g</xex>ust, <xex>ch</xex>oose. See

<er>C</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>G is the name of the fifth

tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also

<altname>sol</altname> by the Italians and French. It was also

originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed

into the character represented in the margin. See <er>Clef</er>.

G<sharp/ (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.</def>



<hw>Gab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gaff</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>The hook on

the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See.

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Eccentric</er>.</def>



<hw>Gab</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gabbe</ets> gabble,

mocking, fr. Icel. <ets>gabb</ets> mocking, mockery, or OF.

<ets>gab</ets>, <ets>gabe</ets>; perh. akin to E.

<ets>gape</ets>, or <ets>gob</ets>. Cf. <er>Gab</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>, <er>Gibber</er>.]</ety> <def>The mouth; hence, idle

prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Gift of gab</col>, <cd>facility of expression.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Gab</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gabben</ets> to

jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. <ets>gabba</ets> to mock, or

OF. <ets>gaber</ets>. See 2d <er>Gab</er>, and cf.

<er>Gabble</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deceive; to

lie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To talk idly; to prate; to chatter.</def>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<hw>Gab"ar*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

coarse cloth for packing goods.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>Gab`ar*dine"</hw>, <hw>Gab`er*dine"</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>gabardina</ets>; cf. It.  <ets>gavardina</ets>, OF.

<ets>galvardine</ets>, <ets>calvardine</ets>,

<ets>gavardine</ets>, <ets>galeverdine</ets>; perh. akin to Sp. &

OF. <ets>gaban</ets> a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather,

F. <ets>caban</ets> great coat with a hood and sleeves, It.

<ets>gabbano</ets> and perh. to E. <ets>cabin</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews;

a mean dress.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

liar; a deceiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One addicted to idle talk.</def>



<hw>Gab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gabbled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gabbling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>gab</ets>. See

<er>Gab</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To talk

fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity;

<as>as, <ex>gabbling</ex> fowls</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gab"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Loud or rapid

talk without meaning.</def>



<q>Forthwith a hideous <qex>gabble</qex> rises loud

Among the builders.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of

fowls.</def>



<hw>Gab"bier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gabbles; a prater.</def>



<hw>Gab"bro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A name originally given by the Italians

to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and

now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock

consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with

sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).</def>



<hw>Ga"bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gabelle</ets>, LL. <ets>gabella</ets>, <ets>gabulum</ets>,

<ets>gablum</ets>; of uncertain origin. Cf.<er>Gavel</er>

tribute.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A rent, service,

tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<q>He enables St. Peter to pay his <qex>gabel</qex> by the

ministry of a fish.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Ga"bel*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O. Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A collector of gabels or taxes.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ga`belle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Gabel</er>.]</ety> <def>A tax, especially on salt.</def>

<mark>[France]</mark>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ga*belle"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

gabeler.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Gab`er*dine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gabardine</er>.</def>



<hw>Gab"er-lun`zie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>gabair</ets> talker + <ets>lunndair</ets> idler.]</ety>

<def>A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Gab"ert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf.F.<ets>gabare</ets>, Arm. <ets>kobar</ets>,

<ets>gobar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lighter, or vessel for inland

navigation.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Ga"bi*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F., from It.

<ets>gabbione</ets> a large cage, gabion, from <ets>gabbia</ets>

cage, L. <ets>cavea</ets>. See <er>Cage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a

basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and

filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an

enemy's fire.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>An openwork frame,

as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a

bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.</def>



<hw>Ga`bi*on*ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gabionnade</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>

<def>A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their

flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core

for a sand bar in harbor improvements.</def>



<hw>Ga"bi*on*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gabionnage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The part of

a fortification built of gabions.</def>



<hw>Ga"bi*oned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with gabions.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ga`bion`nade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gabionade</er>.</def>



<hw>Ga"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cable.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Ga"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gable</ets>,

<ets>gabil</ets>, F. <ets>gable</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>gabalum</ets>

front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG.

<ets>gibil</ets>, G. <ets>giebel</ets> gable, Icel.

<ets>gafl</ets>, Goth. <ets>gibla</ets> pinnacle; perh. akin to

Gr. <?/ head, and E. <ets>cephalic</ets>, or to G.

<ets>gabel</ets> fork, AS. <ets>geafl</ets>, E.

<ets>gaffle</ets>, L. <ets>gabalus</ets> a kind of

gallows.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The vertical

triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of

the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar

end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the

like.</def> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The end wall of a building,

as distinguished from the front or rear side.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable,

such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway.</def>



<cs><col>Bell gable</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd> --

<col>Gable roof</col>, <cd>a double sloping roof which forms a

gable at each end.</cd> -- <col>Gable wall</col>. <cd>Same as

<er>Gable</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.<er></cd> -- <col>Gable window</col>,

<cd>a window in a gable.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ga"blet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a

tabernacle, niche, etc.</def>



<hw>Gab"lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gavelock</er>.]</ety> <def>A false spur or gaff, fitted on

the heel of a gamecock.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Ga"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>gapi</ets> a rash, reckless man. Cf. <er>Gafe</er>.]</ety>

<def>A simpleton; a dunce; a lout.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gad</ets>, Icel. <ets>gaddr</ets> goad, sting; akin to Sw.

<ets>gadd</ets> sting, Goth. <ets>gazds</ets>, G.

<ets>gerte</ets> switch. See <er>Yard</er> a measure.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal,

as a steel wedge used in mining, etc.</def>



<q>I will go get a leaf of brass,

And with a <qex>gad</qex> of steel will write these words.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in

<qex>gads</qex>.</q>

<qau>Moxon.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring

rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.

Local, U.S.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell. Bartlett.</au>



<cs><col>Upon the gad</col>, <cd>upon the spur of the moment;

hastily. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAll this done <xex>upon the

gad!<xex>\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gad</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gadded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gadding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>gad</ets>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and orig. meaning <ets>to drive

about</ets>.]</ety> <def>To walk about; to rove or go about,

without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>gadding</xex> vine.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Why <qex>gaddest</qex> thou about so much to change thy

way?</q>

<qau>Jer. ii. 36.</qau>



<hw>Gad"a*bout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

gadder</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gad"bee`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gadfly.</def>



<hw>Gad"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who roves

about idly, a rambling gossip.</def>



<hw>Gad"ding</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Going about much,

needlessly or without purpose.</def>



<q>Envy is a <qex>gadding</qex> passion, and walketh the

streets.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The good nuns would check her <qex>gadding</qex> tongue.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Gadding car</col>, <cd>in quarrying, a car which carries

a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of

holes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gad"ding*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

roving, idle manner.</def>



<hw>Gad"dish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed to

gad.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gad"dish*nes</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

\'bdGaddishness and folly.\'b8



<au>Abp. Leighton.</au></wordforms>



<hw>Gade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Cod the

fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small

British fish (<spn>Motella argenteola</spn>) of the Cod

family.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pike, so called at Moray Firth;

-- called also <altname>gead</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<-- p. 607 -->



<mhw><hw>Gad"er*e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gad"re</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To gather.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gad"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gadflies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Gad</ets> +

<ets>fly</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any dipterous

insect of the genus <spn>Oestrus</spn>, and allied genera of

botflies.</def>



<note><hand/ The sheep <xex>gadfly</xex> (<spn>Oestrus

ovis</spn>) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the

larv\'91 develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which

infests cattle (<spn>Hypoderma bovis</spn>) deposits its eggs

upon or in the skin where the larv\'91 or bots live and produce

sores called <xex>wormels</xex>. The <xex>gadflies</xex> of the

horse produce the intestinal parasites called <xex>bots</xex>.

See <er>Botfly</er>, and <er>Bots</er>. The true horseflies are

often erroneously called <xex>gadflies</xex>, and the true

<xex>gadflies</xex> are sometimes incorrectly called <xex>breeze

flies</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Gadfly petrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of

several small petrels of the genus

<spn>Oestrelata</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gadhel"ic</hw> <pr>(g<amac/l"<icr/k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Gaelic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to that

division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish,

Gaelic, and Manx.</def>



<au>J. Peile.</au>



<hw>Gad"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (<spn>Gadus</spn>);

-- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz.,

<xex>gadic</xex> acid.</def>



<hw>Gad`i*ta`ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Gaditanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Gades</ets> Cadiz.]</ety> <def>Of

or relating to Cadiz, in Spain.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.</def></def2>



<hw>Gad"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gad</ets>, n. + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Medi\'91val Armor)</fld> <mark>[R.]</mark> <def>See

<er>Gad</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<hw>Gad"ling</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gad</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Gadding about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gad"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A roving vagabond.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>Gadman</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gadsman.</def>



<hw>Ga"doid</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>gadus</ets> cod + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gado\'8bde</ets> gadoid, Gr. <?/ a sort of fish, F.

<ets>gade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the family of fishes (<spn>Gadid\'91</spn>) which

includes the cod, haddock, and hake.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>One of the <spn>Gadid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>gadid</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gad`o*lin"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Gadolinite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare earth,

regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium,

by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium,

ytterbium, etc.</def>



<hw>Gad`o*lin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or containing

gadolinium.</def>



<hw>Gad"o*lin*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after <ets>Gadolin</ets>, a Russian chemist.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a nearly black color and

vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of

yttrium, cerium, and iron.</def>



<hw>Gad`o*lin"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Gadolinite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed

rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found

associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality

and properties have not yet been determined.</def>



<hw>Gads"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who uses a

gad or goad in driving.</def>



<hw>Gad"u*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[NL.

<ets>gadus</ets> codfish.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow

or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in

cod-liver oil.</def>



<hw>Gad"wall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gad</ets> to walk about + <ets>well</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large duck (<spn>Anas

strepera</spn>), valued as a game bird, found in the northern

parts of Europe and America; -- called also <altname>gray

duck</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gaddwell</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gael</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.sing. & pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gaelic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A Celt or the

Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch

Highlander of Celtic origin.</def>



<hw>Gael"ic</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>G\'85idhealach</ets>, <ets>Gaelach</ets>, from

<ets>G\'85idheal</ets>, <ets>Gael</ets>, a Scotch

Highlander.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to

the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; <as>as, the

<ex>Gaelic</ex> language</as>.</def>



<hw>Gael"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>Gaelig</ets>, <ets>G\'85ilig</ets>.]</ety> <def>The language

of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch

of the Celtic.</def>



<hw>Gaff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gaffe</ets>, F. <ets>gaffe</ets> an iron hook with which

seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir.

<ets>gaf</ets>, <ets>gafa</ets> hook; perh. akin to G.

<ets>gabel</ets> fork, Skr. <ets>gabhasti</ets>. CF.

<er>Gaffle</er>, <er>Gable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A barbed

spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing

heavy fish.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The spar upon which the upper

edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Gaffle</er>, 1.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Gaff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gaffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gaffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike with a gaff or

barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; <as>as, to

<ex>gaff</ex> a salmon</as>.</def>



<hw>Gaf"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Possibly

contr. fr. <ets>godfather</ets>; but prob. fr. <ets>gramfer</ets>

for <ets>grandfather</ets>. Cf. <er>Gammer</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An old fellow; an aged rustic.</def>



<q>Go to each <qex>gaffer</qex> and each goody.</q>

<qau>Fawkes.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Gaffer</xex> was originally a respectful title,

now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when

addressed to an aged man in humble life.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A foreman or overseer of a gang of

laborers.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gaf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>geafl</ets> fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. <ets>gaffel</ets>, G.

<ets>gabel</ets>, W. <ets>gafl</ets>, Ir. & Gael.

<ets>gabhal</ets>. Cf. <er>Gaff</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lever to bend crossbows.</def>



<hw>Gaff`-top"sail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small triangular sail having its foot

extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.</def>



<hw>Gag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Gagged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Gagging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob.

fr. W. <ets>cegio</ets> to choke or strangle, fr. <ets>ceg</ets>

mouth, opening, entrance.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stop the

mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking;

hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow

freedom of speech to.</def>



<au>Marvell.</au>



<q>The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be

<qex>gagged</qex>, and reason to be hood winked.</q>

<qau>Maccaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pry or hold open by means of a gag.</def>



<q>Mouths <qex>gagged</qex> to such a wideness.</q>

<qau>Fortescue (Transl. ).</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to heave with nausea.</def>



<hw>Gag</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To heave with

nausea; to retch.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To introduce gags or interpolations. See

<er>Gag</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Cornill Mag.</au>



<hw>Gag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sometimes thrust

into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit;

<as>as, a <ex>gag</ex> of mutton fat</as>.</def>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an

actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of

some seasonable or local allusion.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<cs><col>Gag rein</col> <fld>(Harness)</fld>, <cd>a rein for

drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth.</cd> -- <col>Gag

runner</col> <fld>(Harness)</fld>, <cd>a loop on the throat latch

guiding the gag rein.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gag"ate</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gagates</ets>. See <er>Jet</er> a black mineral.]</ety>

<def>Agate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Gage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gage</ets>, LL. <ets>gadium</ets>, <ets>wadium</ets>; of

German origin; cf. Goth. <ets>wadi</ets>, OHG. <ets>wetti</ets>,

<ets>weti</ets>, akin to E. <ets>wed</ets>. See <er>Wed</er>, and

cf. <er>Wage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pledge

or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the

performance of some act by the person depositing it, and

forfeited by nonperformance; security.</def>



<q>Nor without <qex>gages</qex> to the needy lend.</q>

<qau>Sandys.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as

a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the

challenge; a challenge; a defiance.</def> \'bdThere I throw my

<xex>gage</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called because

an English family named <ets>Gage</ets> imported the greengage

from France, in the last century.]</ety> <def>A variety of plum;

<as>as, the <ex>greengage</ex>; also, the blue <ex>gage</ex>,

frost <ex>gage</ex>, golden <ex>gage</ex>, etc., having more or

less likeness to the greengage. See

<er>Greengage</er>.</as></def>



<hw>Gage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gaged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gaging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gager</ets>. See <er>Gage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, a

pledge.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give or deposit as a pledge or

security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A moiety competent

Was <qex>gaged</qex> by our king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.</def>



<q>Great debts

Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal,

Hath left me <qex>gaged</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gage</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A measure or standart. See

<er>Gauge</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Gage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To measure. See

<er>Gauge</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<q>You shall not <qex>gage me</qex>

<qex>By what we do to-night</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ga"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A measurer. See

<er>Gauger</er>.</def>



<hw>Gag"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who gags.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A piece of iron imbedded

in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.</def>



<hw>Gag"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gaggled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gaggling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. D.

<ets>gaggelen</ets>, <ets>gagelen</ets>, G. <ets>gackeln</ets>,

<ets>gackern</ets>, MHG. <ets>g<?/gen</ets>, E.

<ets>giggle</ets>, <ets>cackle</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a noise

like a goose; to cackle.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Gag"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gaggle</er> <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flock of wild

geese.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Gag"tooth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Gagteeth</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <def>A projecting

tooth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gag"-toothed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

gagteeth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gahn"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after

<ets>Gahn</ets>, a Swedish chemist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Zinc spinel; automolite.</def>



<hw>Ga*id"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

earth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to hypogeic

acid; -- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.</def>



<hw>Gai"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Gayety</er>.</def>



<hw>Gail"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A jailer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gail`lard"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Galliard</er>.]</ety> <def>Gay; brisk; merry; galliard.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gail*liarde"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Galliard</er> a dance.]</ety> <def>A lively French and

Italian dance.</def>



<hw>Gai"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gay</er>.]</ety> <def>Merrily; showily. See

<er>gaily</er>.</def>



<hw>Gain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>gan</ets> a mortise.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A square

or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other

timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of

the floor beam.</def>



<hw>Gain</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gein</ets>,

<ets>gain</ets>, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. <ets>gegn</ets>

ready, serviceable, and <ets>gegn</ets>, adv., against, opposite.

CF. <er>Ahain</er>.]</ety> <def>Convenient; suitable; direct;

near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap;

respectable.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gain</ets>, <ets>gein</ets>, <ets>ga<?/hen</ets>, gain,

advantage, Icel. <ets>gagn</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>gagn</ets>,

Dan. <ets>gavn</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>gageigan</ets> to gain. The

word was prob. influenced by F. <ets>gain</ets> gain, OF.

<ets>gaain</ets>. Cf. <er>Gain</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as

increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to

<xex>loss</xex>.</def>



<q>But what things were <qex>gain</qex> to me, those I counted

loss for Christ.</q>

<qau>Phil. iii. 7.</qau>



<q>Godliness with contentment is great <qex>gain</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. vi. 6.</qau>



<q>Every one shall share in the <qex>gains</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable

possessions; acquisition; accumulation.</def> \'bdThe lust of

<xex>gain</xex>.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Gain</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gained</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>gain</ets>,

<pos>n.</pos> but. prob. influenced by F. <ets>gagner</ets> to

earn, gain, OF. <ets>gaaignier</ets> to cultivate, OHG.

<ets>weidin<?/n</ets>, <ets>weidinen</ets> to pasture, hunt, fr.

<ets>weida</ets> pasturage, G. <ets>weide</ets>, akin to Icel.

<ets>vei<?/r</ets> hunting, AS. <ets>wa<?/u</ets>, cf. L.

<ets>venari</ets> to hunt, E. <ets>venison</ets>. See

<er>Gain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, profit.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or

acquire by effort or labor; <as>as, to <ex>gain</ex> a good

living</as>.</def>



<q>What is a man profited, if he shall <qex>gain</qex> the whole

world, and lose his own soul?</q>

<qau>Matt. xvi. 26.</qau>



<q>To <qex>gain</qex> dominion, or to keep it

<qex>gained</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>For fame with toil we <qex>gain</qex>, but lose with ease.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come off winner or victor in; to be

successful in; to obtain by competition; <as>as, to <ex>gain</ex>

a battle; to <ex>gain</ex> a case at law; to <ex>gain</ex> a

prize.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To draw into any interest or party; to win to

one's side; to conciliate.</def>



<q>If he shall hear thee, thou hast <qex>gained</qex> thy

brother.</q>

<qau>Matt. xviii. 15.</qau>



<q>To gratify the queen, and <qex>gained</qex> the court.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; <as>as, to

<ex>gain</ex> the top of a mountain; to <ex>gain</ex> a good

harbor.</as></def>



<q>Forded Usk and <qex>gained</qex> the wood.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or

damage.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Ironical]</mark>



<q>Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have

<qex>gained</qex> this harm and loss.</q>

<qau>Acts xxvii. 21.</qau>



<cs><col>Gained day</col>, <cd>the calendar day gained in sailing

eastward around the earth.</cd> -- <col>To gain ground</col>,

<cd>to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail;

to acquire strength or extent.</cd> -- <col>To gain over</col>,

<cd>to draw to one's party or interest; to win over.</cd> --

<col>To gain the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to reach the

windward side of another ship.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain;

achieve.</syn> <usage> See <er>Obtain</er>. -- <er>To Gain</er>,

<er>Win</er>. <xex>Gain</xex> implies only that we get something

by exertion; <xex>win</xex>, that we do it in competition with

others. A person <xex>gains</xex> knowledge, or <xex>gains</xex>

a prize, simply by striving for it; he <xex>wins</xex> a victory,

or <xex>wins</xex> a prize, by taking it in a struggle with

others.</usage>



<hw>Gain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To have or

receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to

advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress;

<as>as, the sick man <ex>gains</ex> daily</as>.</def>



<q>Thou hast greedily <qex>gained</qex> of thy neighbors by

extortion.</q>

<qau>Ezek. xxii. 12.</qau>



<cs><col>Gaining twist</col>, <cd>in rifled firearms, a twist of

the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the

muzzle.</cd>  <mcol><col>To gain on</col> <or/

<col>upon</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To encroach on; <as>as,

the ocean <ex>gains on<ex> the land</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To obtain influence with.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To win ground

upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To get the better of; to have the advantage

of.</cd>



<q>The English have not only <qex>gained upon</qex> the Venetians

in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>

</cs>



<q>My good behavior had so far <qex>gained on</qex> the emperor,

that I began to conceive hopes of liberty.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Gain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF. F.

<ets>gagnable</ets>. See <er>Gain</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Capable of being obtained or reached.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Gain"age</hw> <pr>(?, 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gaignage</ets> pasturage, crop, F. <ets>gaignage</ets>

pasturage. See <er>Gain</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(O.

Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horses, oxen, plows, wains

or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The profit made by tillage; also, the land

itself.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Gain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gains.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gain"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Profitable;

advantageous; lucrative.</def> \'bdA <xex>gainful</xex>

speculation.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Gain"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Gain"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gain"giv`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Again</er>, and <er>Give</er>.]</ety> <def>A misgiving.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gain"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not producing gain;

unprofitable.</def> <au>Hammond</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Gain"less/ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gain"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gain</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Handily; readily; dexterously;

advantageously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Gain"pain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.

<ets>gagner</ets> to gain + <ets>pain</ets> bread.]</ety>

<def>Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the

sword of a hired soldier.</def>



<hw>Gain`say"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gainsaid</er> <pr>(? <or/

?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gainsaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>geinseien</ets>,

<ets>ageinseien</ets>. See <er>Again</er>, and <er>Say</er> to

utter.]</ety> <def>To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to

dispute; to forbid.</def>



<q>I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries

shall not be able to <qex>gainsay</qex> nor resist.</q>

<qau>Luke xxi. 15.</qau>



<q>The just gods <qex>gainsay</qex>

That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother,

My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword

Be drained.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gain`say"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gainsays, contradicts, or denies.</def> \'bdTo convince the

<xex>gainsayers</xex>.\'b8



<au>Tit. i. 9.</au>



<hw>Gain"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Gainful.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Prepossessing; well-favored.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Massinger.</au>



<hw>'Gainst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>A

contraction of <er>Against</er>.</def>



<hw>Gain"stand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gainstood</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>gainstanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Again</er>, and <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>To withstand; to

resist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Durst . . . <qex>gainstand</qex> the force of so many enraged

desires.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Gain"strive`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Again</er>, and <er>Strive</er>.]</ety> <def>To

strive or struggle against; to withstand.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gair"fowl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Garefowl</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gair"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<hw>Gair"ish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>, <hw>Gair"ish/ness</hw>,

<pos>n.</pos></mhw> <def>Same as <er>Garish</er>,

<er>Garishly</er>, <er>Garishness</er>.</def>



<hw>Gait</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gate</er>

a way.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A going; a walk; a march; a

way.</def>



<q>Good gentleman, go your <qex>gait</qex>, and let poor folks

pass.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or

carriage while moving.</def>



<q>'T is Cinna; I do know him by his <qex>gait</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gait"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having (such) a

gait; -- used in composition; <as>as, slow-<ex>gaited</ex>;

heavy-<ex>gaited</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Gait"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gu\'88tre</ets>, cf. Armor. <ets>gweltren</ets>; or perh. of

German origin, and akin to E. <ets>wear</ets>, v.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and

instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting

down upon the shoe.</def>



<-- p. 608 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and

covering the ankle.</def>



<hw>Gai"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dress

with gaiters.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gai"tre</hw>, <hw>Gay"tre</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. Cf. <er>Gatten tree</er>.]</ety> <def>The

dogwood tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ga"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gala</ets> show, pomp, fr. It. <ets>gala</ets> finery, gala;

of German origin. See <er>Gallant</er>.]</ety> <def>Pomp, show,

or festivity.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<cs><col>Gala day</col>, <cd>a day of mirth and festivity; a

holiday.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ga*lac"ta-gogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, milk + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An

agent exciting secretion of milk.</def>



<hw>Ga*lac"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

milky, fr. <?/, <?/, milk. See <er>Galaxy</er>, and cf.

<er>Lactic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to

milk; got from milk; <as>as, <ex>galactic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky

Way.</def>



<cs><col>Galactic circle</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the

great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy

most nearly conforms. <au>Herschel</au>.</cd> -- <col>Galactic

poles</col>, <cd>the poles of the galactic circle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ga*lac"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, milk. Cf. <er>Lactin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing

nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles

peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or

emulsifying agent.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A white waxy substance

found in the sap of the South American cow tree

(<spn>Galactodendron</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An

amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the

seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several

sugars, including galactose.</def>



<hw>Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ + E. <ets>densimeter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same

as <er>Galactometer</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal`ac*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, milk + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>galactom\'8atre</ets>. Cf. <er>Lactometer</er>.]</ety>

<def>An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk

(<it>i.e.</it>, its richness in cream) by determining its

specific gravity; a lactometer.</def>



<hw>Gal`ac*toph"a*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, milk + <?/ to eat: cf. <?/ to live on milk.]</ety>

<def>One who eats, or subsists on, milk.</def>



<hw>Gal`ac*toph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/: cf. F. <ets>galactophade</ets>.]</ety> <def>Feeding on

milk.</def>



<hw>Gal`ac*toph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ to bear: cf. F.

<ets>galactophore</ets>. Cf. <er>Lactiferous</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to

the ducts of mammary glands.</def>



<hw>Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ capable of making; fr. <?/ to

make.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Increasing the flow of milk;

milk-producing. -- <pos>n.</pos> A galactopoietic

substance.</def>



<hw>Ga*lac"tose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline sugar,

<chform>C6H12O6</chform>, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the

decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When

oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also

<altname>lactose</altname> (though it is not lactose

proper).</def><-- lactose is a dimeric form of galactose,

converted to galactose by acid or enzymatic activity

(beta-galactosidase) -->



<hw>Ga*lage"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Obs.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Galoche</er>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ga*la"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Galagos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Native name.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of African lemurs, including

numerous species.</def>



<note><hand/ The <stype>grand galago</stype> (<spn>Galago

crassicaudata</spn>) is about the size of a cat; the <stype>mouse

galago</stype> (<spn>G. murinus</spn>)is about the size of a

mouse.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ga*lan"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ga*lan"gal</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE.

<ets>galingale</ets>, OF. <ets>galingal</ets>,

<ets>garingal</ets>, F. <ets>galanga</ets> (cf. Sp.

<ets>galanga</ets>), prob. fr. Ar. <ets>khalanj<?/n</ets>.

]</ety> <def>The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain

East Indian or Chinese species of <spn>Alpinia</spn> (<spn>A.

Galanga</spn> and <spn>A. officinarum</spn>) and of the

<spn>K\'91mpferia Galanga</spn>), -- all of the Ginger

family.</def>



<hw>Gal"an*tine</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>galantine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dish of veal, chickens, or

other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served

cold.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Gal"a*pee` tree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The West Indian <spn>Sciadophyllum Brownei</spn>, a tree

with very large digitate leaves.</def>



<hw>Ga*la"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or

inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls

who settled in Asia Minor.</def>



<hw>Gal"ax*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Galaxies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>galaxie</ets>, L. <ets>galaxias</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/

circle), fr. <?/, <?/, milk; akin to L. <ets>lac</ets>. CF.

<er>Lacteal</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Milky Way; that

luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across

the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so

distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the

telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of

stars.</def>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A splendid assemblage of persons or

things.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gal"ban</hw>, <hw>Gal"ba*num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>galbanum</ets>, Gr. <?/,

prob. from Heb. <ets>klekb'n<?/h</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>galbanum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gum resin exuding from the

stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of

<spn>Ferula</spn>. The <spn>Bubon Galbanum</spn> of South Africa

furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter

taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical

purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of

varnish.</def>



<hw>Gale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. of Scand..

origin; cf. Dan. <ets>gal</ets> furious, Icel. <ets>galinn</ets>,

cf. Icel. <ets>gala</ets> to sing, AS. <ets>galan</ets> to sing,

Icel. <ets>galdr</ets> song, witchcraft, AS. <ets>galdor</ets>

charm, sorcery, E. nightin<ets>gale</ets>; also, Icel.

<ets>gj</ets><?/<ets>la</ets> gust of wind, <ets>gola</ets>

breeze. Cf. <er>Yell</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A strong

current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane.

The most violent gales are called <xex>tempests</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Gales</xex> have a velocity of from about

eighteen (\'bdmoderate\'b8) to about eighty (\'bdvery heavy\'b8)

miles an our.</note>



<au>Sir. W. S. Harris.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A moderate current of air; a breeze.</def>



<q>A little <qex>gale</qex> will soon disperse that cloud.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And winds of gentlest <qex>gale</qex> Arabian odors fanned

From their soft wings.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A state of excitement, passion, or

hilarity.</def>



<q>The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in

New England, is sometimes called a <qex>gale</qex>.</q>

<qau>Brooke (Eastford).</qau>



<cs><col>Topgallant gale</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one in

which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>To sale, or sail fast.</def>



<hw>Gale</hw>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gal</ets>. See

<er>Gale</er> wind.]</ety> <def>A song or story.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Toone.</au>



<hw>Gale</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>galan</ets>. See

1st <er>Gale</er>.]</ety> <def>To sing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdCan he cry and <xex>gale</xex>.\'b8



<au>Court of Love.</au>



<hw>Gale</hw>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>gagel</ets>, akin to

D. <ets>gagel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the

genus <spn>Myrica</spn>, growing in wet places, and strongly

resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (<spn>Myrica Gale</spn>)

is found both in Europe and in America.</def>



<hw>Gale</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gabel</er>.]</ety>

<def>The payment of a rent or annuity.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<cs><col>Gale day</col>, <cd>the day on which rent or interest is

due.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ga"le*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L., a

helmet. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The upper lip

or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A kind of bandage for the

head.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Pathol.)</fld> <def>Headache extending all over

the head.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil echini,

having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior, outer

process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain

insects.</def>



<hw>Gal"e*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Galleass</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ga"le*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ga"le*a`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>galeatus</ets>,

p.p. of <ets>galeare</ets> helmet.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a

helmet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Helmeted; having a helmetlike

part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ga"le*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. <ets>Galeus</ets>, name of one genus, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of

shark.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That division of

elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks.</def>



<hw>Ga*le"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>galena</ets> lead ore, dross that remains after melting

lead: cf. F. <ets>gal\'8ane</ets> sulphide of lead ore, antidote

to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy or antidose for

poison; theriaca.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Parr.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lead sulphide; the principal

ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster,

and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage.</def>



<cs><col>False galena</col>. <cd>See <er>Blende</er>.</cd></cs>



<mhw><hw>Ga*len"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ga*len"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or

containing, galena.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ga*len"ic</hw>, <hw>Ga*len"ic*al</hw></mhw>,

<pos>an.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>Galen</ets>, the physician.]</ety>

<def>Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of

treating diseases.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<cs><col>Galenic pharmacy</col>, <cd>that branch of pharmacy

which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion,

decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically

prepared.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ga"len*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrines of Galen.</def>



<hw>Ga*len*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A follower of

Galen.</def>



<hw>Ga*le"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Galena; lead ore.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ga`le-o*pi*the"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a weasel + <?/ an ape.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of flying Insectivora,

formerly called <xex>flying lemurs</xex>. See

<er>Colugo</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal`er*ic"u-late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>galericulum</ets>, dim. of <ets>galerum</ets> a hat or cap,

fr. <ets>galea</ets> helmet.]</ety> <def>Covered as with a hat or

cap.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Gal"er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>galerum</ets> a hat, cap: cf. F.

<ets>gal\'82rite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A

cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus

<spn>Galerites</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ga*li"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.

<ets>Galiciano</ets>, <ets>Gallego</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>Gallaecus</ets>, <ets>Gallaicus</ets>, fr.

<ets>Gallaeci</ets> a people in Western Spain.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of

Austrian Poland.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of

Galicia in Spain; -- called also

<altname>Gallegan</altname>.</def></def2>



<hw>Gal`i*le"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Galileo; <as>as, the <ex>Galilean</ex>

telescope</as>. See <er>Telescope</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal`i*le"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Galilaeus</ets>, fr. <ets>Galilaea</ets> Galilee, Gr. <?/:

cf. F. <ets>galil\'82en</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to

Galilee.</def>



<hw>Gal`i*le"an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or

inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under

the Romans.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the party among

the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; --

called also <altname>Gaulonite</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A Christian in general; -- used as a term of

reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Gal"i*lee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Supposed to

have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural \'bdGalilee of

the Gentiles.\'b8 cf. OF. <ets>galil\'82e</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A porch or waiting room, usually at the

west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on

returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to

interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom

they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently

applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham

cathedrals.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Gal`i*ma"tias</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning

talk; confused mixture.</def>



<q>Her dress, like her talk, is a <qex>galimatias</qex> of

several countries.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<hw>Gal"in*gale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Galangal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the

Sedge family (<spn>Cyperus longus</spn>) having aromatic roots;

also, any plant of the same genus.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Meadow, set with slender <qex>galingale</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Gal"i*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>galiote</ets>, F. <ets>galiote</ets>. See

<er>Galley</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly

for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast,

and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast

and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.</def>



<hw>Gal"i*pot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>galipot</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>garipot</ets> the wild pine or

pitch tree.]</ety> <def>An impure resin of turpentine, hardened

on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of

its essential oil. When purified, it is called <xex>yellow

pitch</xex>, <xex>white pitch</xex>, or <xex>Burgundy

pitch</xex>.</def>



<hw>Gall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE.

<ets>galle</ets>, <ets>gal</ets>, AS. <ets>gealla</ets>; akin to

D.  <ets>gal</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>galla</ets>, Icel.

<ets>gall</ets>, SW. <ets>galla</ets>, Dan. <ets>galde</ets>, L.

<ets>fel</ets>, Gr. <?/, and prob. to E. <ets>yellow</ets>. <?/

See <er>Yellow</er>, and cf.  <er>Choler</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid

found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the

secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous

membrane of the gall bladder.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The gall bladder.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything extremely bitter; bitterness;

rancor.</def>



<q>He hath . . . compassed me with <qex>gall</qex> and

travail.</q>

<qau>Lam. iii. 5.</qau>



<q>Comedy diverted without <qex>gall</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Impudence; brazen assurance.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<cs><col>Gall bladder</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the

membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as

secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of

<xex>Digestive apparatus<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Gall duct</col>,

<cd>a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic

duct.</cd> -- <col>Gall sickness</col>, <cd>a remitting bilious

fever in the Netherlands. <au>Dunglison</au>.</cd> -- <col>Gall

of the earth</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herbaceous composite

plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the

<spn>Prenanthes serpentaria</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>galle</ets>, noix de <ets>galle</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>galla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by

insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small

Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their

eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls

are due to aphids, mites, etc. See <er>Gallnut</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>galls</xex>, or <xex>gallnuts</xex>, of

commerce are produced by insects of the genus <spn>Cynips</spn>,

chiefly on an oak (<spn>Quercus infectoria</spn> or

<spn>Lusitanica</spn>) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They

contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that

article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in

medicine.</note>



<cs><col>Gall insect</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any insect

that produces galls.</cd> -- <col>Gall midge</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small dipterous insect that

produces galls.</cd> -- <col>Gall oak</col>, <cd>the oak

(<spn>Quercus infectoria</spn>) which yields the galls of

commerce.</cd> -- <col>Gall of glass</col>, <cd>the neutral salt

skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also

<altname>glass gall</altname> and

<altname>sandiver</altname>.</cd> <au>Ure.</au>-- <col>Gall

wasp</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Gallfly</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gall</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>To

impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Gall</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Galled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Galling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gallen</ets>; cf.

F. <ets>galer</ets> to scratch, rub, <ets>gale</ets> scurf, scab,

G. <ets>galle</ets> a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence

under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf.

<er>Gall</er> gallnut.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fret and wear

away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to

chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; <as>as, a saddle

<ex>galls</ex> the back of a horse; to <ex>gall</ex> a mast or a

cable.</as></def>



<q>I am loth to <qex>gall</qex> a new-healed wound.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fret; to vex; <as>as, to be <ex>galled</ex>

by sarcasm</as>.</def>



<q>They that are most <qex>galled</qex> with my folly,

They most must laugh.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To injure; to harass; to annoy; <as>as, the

troops were <ex>galled</ex> by the shot of the enemy</as>.</def>



<q>In our wars against the French of old, we used to

<qex>gall</qex> them with our longbows, at a greater distance

than they could shoot their arrows.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Gall</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To scoff; to jeer.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gall</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wound in the skin made by

rubbing.</def>



<hw>Gal"lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gallant</ets>, prop. <ets>p. pr.</ets> of OF.

<ets>galer</ets> to rejoice, akin to OF. <ets>gale</ets>

amusement, It. <ets>gala</ets> ornament; of German origin; cf.

OHG. <ets>geil</ets> merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. <ets>geil</ets>

lascivious, akin to AS. <ets>g<?/l</ets> wanton, wicked, OS.

<ets>g<?/l</ets> merry, Goth. <ets>gailjan</ets> to make to

rejoice, or perh. akin to E. <ets>weal</ets>. See <er>Gala</er>,

<er>Galloon</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay;

well-dressed.</def>



<q>The town is built in a very <qex>gallant</qex> place.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<q>Our royal, good and <qex>gallant</qex> ship.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Noble in bearing or spirit; brave;

high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; <as>as, a

<ex>gallant</ex> youth; a <ex>gallant</ex> officer.</as></def>



<q>That <qex>gallant</qex> spirit hath aspired the clouds.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The gay, the wise, the <qex>gallant</qex>, and the grave.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Gallant</er>, <er>Courageous</er>,

<er>Brave</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Courageous</xex> is generic,

denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear;

<xex>brave</xex> is more outward, marking a spirit which braves

or defies danger; <xex>gallant</xex> rises still higher, denoting

bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A

<xex>courageous</xex> man is ready for battle; a <xex>brave</xex>

man courts it; a <xex>gallant</xex> man dashes into the midst of

the conflict.</usage>



<hw>Gal*lant"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Polite

and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.</def>



<hw>Gal*lant"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young

blood.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One fond of paying attention to ladies.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad

sense, a seducer.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<note><hand/ In the first sense it is by some ortho\'89pists (as

in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.</note>



<hw>Gal*lant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gallanted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gallanting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To attend or wait on, as a lady; <as>as, to <ex>gallant</ex>

ladies to the play</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To handle with grace or in a modish manner;

<as>as, to <ex>gallant</ex> a fan</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Gal*lant"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.</def>



<hw>Gal"lant*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

gallant manner.</def>



<hw>Gal"lant*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being gallant.</def>



<-- p. 609 -->



<hw>Gal"lant*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gallantries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>galanterie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Splendor of

appearance; ostentatious finery.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Guess the <qex>gallantry</qex> of our church by this . . .

when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of

silver.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bravery; intrepidity; <as>as, the troops behaved

with great <ex>gallantry</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed

sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from

a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female

virtue; intrigue.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Gallant persons, collectively.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Helenus, Antenor, and all the <qex>gallantry</qex> of

Troy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Courage</er>, and <er>Heroism</er>.</syn>



<hw>Gal"late</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gallate</ets>. See <er>Gall</er> gallnut.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of gallic acid.</def>



<hw>Gal"la*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

L. <ets>gallus</ets> a cock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.</def>



<hw>Gal"le*ass</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gal</ets>\'82<ets>asse</ets>, <ets>gal\'82ace</ets>; cf. It.

<ets>galeazza</ets>, Sp. <ets>galeaza</ets>; LL. <ets>galea</ets>

a galley. See <er>Galley</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside

guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe

in the 16th and 17th centuries. See <er>Galleon</er>, and

<er>Galley</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written variously

<asp>galeas</asp>, <asp>gallias</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe <xex>galleasses</xex> . . . were a third

larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred

galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure

at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in

front, with seats for the rowers amidships.\'b8</note>



<au>Motley.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gal*le"gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gal*le"go</hw>

<pr>(? or ?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>Gallego</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of

Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.</def>



<hw>Gal"le*\'8bn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pyro<ets>gallo</ets>l + phthal<ets>e\'8bn</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by

heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.</def>



<hw>Gal"le*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>galeon</ets>, cf. F. <ets>galion</ets>; fr. LL.

<ets>galeo</ets>, <ets>galio</ets>. See <er>Galley</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A sailing vessel of the 15th and

following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used

for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately

applied to any large sailing vessel.</def>



<q>The <qex>gallens</qex> . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy

vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at

stem and stern, like castels.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<hw>Gal"le*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Galiot</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal"ler*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl

<plw>Galleries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>galerie</ets>, It. <ets>galleria</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>galeria</ets> gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall,

banquetting hall; cf. OF. <ets>galerie</ets> a rejoicing, fr.

<ets>galer</ets> to rejoice. Cf. <er>Gallant</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long and narrow corridor,

or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one

room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a

boring or burrowing animal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A room for the exhibition of works of art;

<as>as, a picture <ex>gallery</ex></as>; hence, also, a large or

important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A long and narrow platform attached to one or

more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and

supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be

occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to

increase the capacity of the hall.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A frame, like a balcony,

projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called

<xex>stern galery</xex> or <xex>quarter gallry</xex>, -- seldom

found in vessels built since 1850.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Any communication which is

covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for

defense, it is a <xex>defensive galery</xex>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A working drift or

level.</def>



<cs><col>Whispering gallery</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Whispering</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gal"le*tyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gallytile</ets>. Cf. <er>Gallipot</er>.]</ety> <def>A little

tile of glazed earthenware. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe substance

of <xex>galletyle</xex>.\'bd</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Gal"ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Galleys</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>gale</ets>,

<ets>galeie</ets> (cf. OF. <ets>galie</ets>, <ets>gal\'82e</ets>,

LL. <ets>galea</ets>, LGr. <?/; of unknown origin.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel propelled by oars,

whether having masts and sails or not</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in

the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other

ancient vessels propelled by oars</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A

light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers,

press gangs, and also for pleasure</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>One

of the small boats carried by a man-of-war.</def>



<note><hand/ The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one

hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on

each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails,

carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand

to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval

walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and

quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of

a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the

<xex>caboose</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oblong oven or muffle with

a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>gal\'82e</ets>; the same word as E.

<ets>galley</ets> a vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright

sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up,

etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A proof sheet taken from type while

on a galley; a galley proof.</def>



<cs><col>Galley slave</col>, <cd>a person condemned, often as a

punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley.

\'bdTo toil like a <xex>galley slave<xex>.\'b8</cd>

<au>Macaulay.</au>-- <col>Galley slice</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>,

<cd>a sliding false bottom to a large galley.</cd>

<au>Knight.</au></cs>



<hw>Gal"ley-bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European green

woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gal"ley-worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. so

called because the numerous legs along the sides move

rhythmically like the oars of a galley.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chilognath myriapod of the genus

<spn>Iulus</spn>, and allied genera, having numerous short legs

along the sides; a milliped or \'bdthousand legs.\'b8 See

<er>Chilognatha</er>.</def>



<hw>Gall"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gallflies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions

galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus <spn>Cynips</spn>

and allied genera. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Gall</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal`ly*am"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>galliambus</ets> a song used by the priests of Cybele;

<ets>Gallus</ets> (a name applied to these priests) +

<ets>iambus</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Consisting of

two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final

syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.</def>



<hw>Gal"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gallic</er>.]</ety> <def>Gallic; French.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gal"liard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE., fr. F.

<ets>gaillard</ets>, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael.

<ets>galach</ets> valiant, or AS. <ets>gagol</ets>,

<ets>geagl</ets>, wanton, lascivious.]</ety> <def>Gay; brisk;

active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gal"liard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A brisk, gay man.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Selden is a <qex>galliard</qex> by himself.</q>

<qau>Cleveland.</qau>



<hw>Gal"liard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>gaillarde</ets>,

cf. Sp. <ets>gallarda</ets>. See <er>Galliard</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A gay, lively dance. Cf.

<er>Gailliarde</er>.</def>



<q>Never a hall such a <qex>galliard</qex> did grace.</q>

<qau>Sir. W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Gal`liard*ise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gaillardise</ets>. See <er>Galliard</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Excessive gayety; merriment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The mirth and <qex>galliardise</qex> of company.</q>

<qau>Sir. T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Gal"liard*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gayety.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gayton.</au>



<hw>Gal"li*ass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Galleass</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gallium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,

or containing, gallium.</def>



<hw>Gal"lic</hw> <pr>(277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gall</er> the excrescence.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like.</def>



<cs><col>Gallic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic

acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being

found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced

artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance,

<chform>C6H2(HO)3.CO2H</chform>, with an astringent taste, and is

a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is

usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with

iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the

essential ingredients of common black ink.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gal"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Gallicus</ets> belonging to the Gauls, fr. <ets>Galli</ets>

the Gauls, <ets>Gallia</ets> Gaul, now France: cf. F.

<ets>gallique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Gaul or France;

Gallican.</def>



<hw>Gal"li*can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Gallicanus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gallican</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; <as>as, the

<ex>Gallican</ex> church or clergy</as>.</def>



<hw>Gal"li*can</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adherent to, and

supporter of, Gallicanism.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Gal"li*can*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman

Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict

the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the

national church.</def>



<au>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</au>



<hw>Gal"li*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gallicisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mode of speech peculiar to

the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or

custom.</def>



<hw>Gal"li*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gallicized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gallicizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To conform to the French mode or

idiom.</def>



<hw>Gal"lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Worried; flurried; frightened.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Gal"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like the Gallinae (or

<spn>Galliformes</spn>) in structure.</def>



<hw>Gal`li*gas"kins</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Prob. corrupted fr. It. <ets>Grechesco</ets> Grecian, a

name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been

afterwards confused with <ets>Gascony</ets>, as if they came from

Gascony.]</ety> <def>Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards.

The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gal`li*ma"ti*a</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Senseless talk. <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> See

<er>Galimatias</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal`li*mau"fry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gallimaufries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>galimafr\'82e</ets> a sort of ragout or mixed hash of

different meats.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hash of various kinds

of meats, a ragout.</def>



<q>Delighting in hodge-podge, <qex>gallimaufries</qex>, forced

meat.</q>

<qau>King.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.</def>



<q>The Mahometan religion, which, being a <qex>gallimaufry</qex>

made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Gal"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A substance obtained by the reduction of galle\'8bn.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gal"li*nace*ae</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Gallinaceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Gallinae</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal`li*na"cean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous

birds.</def>



<hw>Gal`li*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>gallinaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>gallina</ets> hen, fr.

<ets>gallus</ets> cock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or

pertaining to the Gallinae.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gal*li"nae</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gallina</ets> a hen,

<ets>gallus</ets> a cock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants,

grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called

<spn>Rasores</spn>.</def>



<hw>Gall"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fitted to gall

or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Gall"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gal"li*nip`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A large

mosquito.</def>



<hw>Gal"li*nule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gallinula</ets> chicken, dim. of <ets>gallina</ets> hen: cf.

F. <ets>gallinule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal

shield, belonging to the family <spn>Rallidae</spn>. They are

remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating

plants. The purple gallinule of America is <spn>Ionornis

Martinica</spn>, that of the Old World is <spn>Porphyrio

porphyrio</spn>. The common European gallinule (<spn>Gallinula

chloropus</spn>) is also called <altname>moor hen</altname>,

<altname>water hen</altname>, <altname>water rail</altname>,

<altname>moor coot</altname>, <altname>night bird</altname>, and

erroneously <altname>dabchick</altname>. Closely related to it is

the Florida gallinule (<spn>Gallinula galeata</spn>).</def>



<note><hand/ The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was

formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and

for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the

ancients.</note>



<hw>Gal"li*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Galiot</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal*lip"o*li oil`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An inferior kind of

olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy.</def>



<hw>Gal"li*pot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr.

OD. <ets>gleypot</ets>, the first part of which is possibly akin

to E. <ets>glad</ets>. See <er>Glad</er>, and

<er>Pot</er>.]</ety> <def>A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by

druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.</def>



<hw>Gal"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L.

<ets>Gallia</ets> France.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare

metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard,

and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low

melting point (86<?/ F., 30<?/C). Symbol Ga. Atomic weight

69.9.</def>



<note><hand/ The element was predicted with most of its

properties, under the name <xex>ekaluminium</xex>, by the Russian

chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This

prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist

Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet

lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the

Pyrenees.</note>



<hw>Gal"li*vant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gallant</er>.]</ety> <def>To play the beau; to wait upon the

ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite

plan.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Gal"li*vat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Prob. fr.

Pg. <ets>galeota</ets>; cf. E. <ets>galiot</ets>,

<ets>galley</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small armed

vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the Malabar coast.</def>



<au>A. Chalmers.</au>



<hw>Gal"li*wasp`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West Indian lizard

(<spn>Celestus occiduus</spn>), about a foot long, imagined by

the natives to be venomous.</def>



<hw>Gall"nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A round gall produced on the leaves

and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See <er>Gall</er>,

and <er>Nutgall</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal`lo*ma"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Galli</ets> Gauls + <ets>mania</ets> madness.]</ety> <def>An

excessive admiration of what is French.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gal"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF

<ets>galon</ets>, <ets>jalon</ets>, LL. <ets>galo</ets>,

<ets>galona</ets>, fr. <ets>galum</ets> a liquid measure; cf. F.

<ets>jale</ets> large bowl. Cf. <er>Gill</er> a measure.]</ety>

<def>A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for

the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry

measure.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>standart gallon</xex> of the Unites States

contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of

distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at

30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of

seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the

same as the old English <xex>wine gallon</xex>. The <xex>beer

gallon</xex>, now little used in the United States, contains 282

cubic inches. The English <xex>imperial gallon</xex> contains 10

pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62<?/ of Fahrenheit, and

barometer at 30 inches, equal to 277.274 cubic inches.</note>



<hw>Gal*loon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From F. or

Sp. <ets>galon</ets>. See <er>Gala</er>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc.,

-- sometimes made ornamental.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A similar bordering or binding of rich material,

such as gold lace.</def>



<q>Silver and gold <qex>galloons</qex>, with the like glittering

gewgaws.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Gal*looned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

or adorned with galloon.</def>



<hw>Gal"lop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Galloped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Galloping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>galopen</ets>, F.

<ets>galoper</ets>, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth.

<ets>ga-hlaupan</ets> to run, OHG. <ets>giloufen</ets>, AS.

<ets>gehle\'a0pan</ets> to leap, dance, fr. root of E.

<ets>leap</ets>, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. <ets>walop</ets> a

gallop. See <er>Leap</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Wallop</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a

horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed.</def>



<q>But <qex>gallop</qex> lively down the western hill.</q>

<qau>Donne.</qau>



<-- p. 610 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ride a horse at a gallop.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making

a hasty examination.</def>



<q>Such superficial ideas he may collect in <qex>galloping</qex>

over it.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Gal"lop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to

gallop.</def>



<hw>Gal"lop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>galop</ets>.

See <er>Gallop</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Galop</er>.]</ety> <def>A mode of running by a quadruped,

particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and

the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds.</def>



<cs><col>Hand gallop</col>, <cd>a slow or gentle

gallop.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gal"lo*pade`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>galopade</ets>. See <er>Gallop</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of

gallop.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a

galop.</def>



<hw>Gal`lo*pade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gallopaded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gallopading</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To gallop, as on horseback.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perform the dance called gallopade.</def>



<hw>Gal"lop*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, gallops.</def>



<sn>2.<sn>  <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A carriage on which very small

guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts,

without a limber.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<cs><col>Galloper gun</col>, <cd>a light gun, supported on a

galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry

regiments.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gal"lo*pin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.

<ets>galopin</ets>. See <er>Gallop</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<def>An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's

errand boy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Gal"lop*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Going at a

gallop; progressing rapidly; <as>as, a <ex>galloping</ex>

horse</as>.</def>



<hw>Gal`lo*tan"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gall</ets> nutgall + <ets>tannic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the tannin or

nutgalls.</def>



<cs><col>Gallotannic acid</col>. <cd>See <cref>Tannic

acid</cref>, under <er>Tannic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>\'begelwan</ets> to stupefy.]</ety> <def>To fright or

terrify. See <er>Gally</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gal"lo*way</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small horse of a breed raised at

<xex>Galloway</xex>, Scotland; -- called also

<altname>garran</altname>, and <altname>garron</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gal"low*glass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir.

<ets>galloglach</ets>. Cf. <er>Gillie</er>.]</ety> <def>A

heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in

the time of Edward <?/</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gal"lows</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gallowses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <or/ <plw>Gallows</plw></plu>.

<ety>[OE. <ets>galwes</ets>, pl., AS. <ets>galga</ets>,

<ets>gealga</ets>, gallows, cross; akin to D. <ets>galg</ets>

gallows, OS. & OHG. <ets>galgo</ets>, G. <ets>galgen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>g\'belgi</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>galge</ets>, Goth.

<ets>galga</ets> a cross. Etymologically and historically

considered, <ets>gallows</ets> is a noun in the plural number,

but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by

<ets>a</ets>; <as>as, <ex>a gallows</ex></as>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A frame from which is suspended the rope with which

criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two

upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for

suspending anything.</def>



<q>So they hanged Haman on the <qex>gallows</qex>.</q>

<qau>Esther vii. 10.</qau>



<q>If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of <qex>gallows</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>O, there were desolation of gaolers and

<qex>gallowses<?/</qex></q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wretch who deserves the gallows.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The rest for the tympan when

raised.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A pair of suspenders or

braces.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Gallows bird</col>, <cd>a person who deserves the

gallows.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Gallows bitts</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one of two or more frames amidships on

deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also

<altname>gallows</altname>, <altname>gallows top</altname>,

<altname>gallows frame</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gallows

frame</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The frame supporting the beam of an

engine.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Gallows

bitts.</cd> -- <col>Gallows</col>, <or/ <col>Gallow tree</col>,

<cd>the gallows.</cd></cs>



<q> At length him nail\'82d on a <qex>gallow tree</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Gall"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary

passages. See <er>Calculus</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>



<hw>Gal"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gallow</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To frighten; to

worry.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>T. Brown.</au>



<hw>Gall"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like gall;

bitter as gall.</def>



<au>Cranmer.</au>



<hw>Gal"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Galley</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<hw>Gal`ly*gas"kins</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Galligaskins</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ga*loche"</hw>, <hw>Ga*loshe"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<ety>[OE. <ets>galoche</ets>, <ets>galache</ets>,

<ets>galage</ets>, shoe, F. <ets>galoche</ets> galoche, perh.

altered fr. L. <ets>gallica</ets> a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL.

<ets>calopedia</ets> wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr.

<?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, a shoemaker's last; <?/ wood + <?/

foot.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A clog or patten.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his <qex>galoche</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of

the shoe and part of the leg.</def>



<hw>Ga*loot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A noisy,

swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Gal"op</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also,

the music to the dance.</def>



<hw>Ga*lore"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>gelore</ets>, <ets>gilore</ets>, <ets>galore</ets>, fr.

<ets>Gael</ets>. <ets>gu le\'95r</ets>, enough; <ets>gu-</ets>

to, also an adverbial prefix + <ets>le\'95r</ets>,

<ets>le\'95ir</ets>, enough; or fr. Ir. <ets>goleor</ets>, the

same word.]</ety> <def>Plenty; abundance; in abundance.</def>



<hw>Ga*loshe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Galoche</er>.</def>



<hw>Galpe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gape,; to

yawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gal"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gall</ets> bitterness + <ets>some</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Angry; malignant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Morton.</au>



<hw>Galt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gault</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Gault</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal*van"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Galvani</ets>, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on

account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of

dynamical or current electricity: cf. F.

<ets>galvanique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or

exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing

electrical currents.</def>



<cs><col>Galvanic battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>an

apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action

of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called

<altname>voltaic battery</altname>. See <er>Battery</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Galvanic</col> <col>circuit <or/ circle</col></mcol>.

<fld>(Elec.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Circuit</er>.</cd> --

<col>Galvanic pile</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>the voltaic

pile. See under <er>Voltaic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gal"va*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Galvani</ets>: cf. F. <ets>galvanisme</ets>. See

<er>Galvani</er>c.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids

and metals; dynamical electricity.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity,

or the properties and effects of electrical currents.</def>



<note><hand/ The words <xex>galvanism</xex> and

<xex>galvanic</xex>, formerly in very general use, are now rarely

employed. For the latter, <xex>voltaic</xex>, from the name of

<xex>Volta</xex>, is commonly used.</note>



<hw>Gal"va*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed

in galvanism.</def>



<hw>Gal"va*niza`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of process of galvanizing.</def>



<hw>Gal"va*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Galvanized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Galvanizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>galvaniser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To affect with

galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means

of electricity.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To restore to consciousness by galvanic action

(as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or

excite to a factitious animation or activity.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To coat, as iron, with zinc. See

<cref>Galvanized iron</cref>.</def>



<cs><col>Galvanized iron</col>, <cd>formerly, iron coated with

zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated

with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its

surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute

acid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gal"va*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, galvanize.</def>



<hw>Gal*van`o*caus"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>caustic</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic,

especially in medicine.</def>



<hw>Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cautery effected by a knife or needle

heated by the passage of a galvanic current.</def>



<hw>Gal`va*nog"ly*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + Gr. <?/ to engrave.]</ety> <def>Same

as <er>Glyphography</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal*van"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>A copperplate produced by the method

of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a

plate.</def>



<hw>Gal*van`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to galvanography.</def>



<hw>Gal`va*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The art or process of depositing metals by

electricity; electrotypy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A method of producing by means of electrotyping

process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from

in the same manner as engraved plates.</def>



<hw>Gal`va*nol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on

galvanism.</def>



<hw>Gal`va*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.</def>



<hw>Gal`va*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>galvanom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An

instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an

electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic

needle.</def>



<cs><col>Differential galvanometer</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Differental</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <mcol><col>Sine

galvanometer</col>, <col>Cosine galvanometer</col>, <col>Tangent

galvanometer</col></mcol> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a galvanometer

in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle

through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the

strength of the current passed through the instrument.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gal*van`o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.</def>



<hw>Gal`va*nom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.</def>



<hw>Gal*van`o*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing,

or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; <as>as, a

<ex>galvano-plastic</ex> copy of a medal or the like</as>.</def>



<hw>Gal*van"o*plas`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>galanoplastie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of

electrotypy.</def>



<hw>Gal*van`o*punc"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Electro-puncture</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal*van`o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>galvanoscope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An

instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical

currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.</def>



<hw>Gal*van`o*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a galvanoscope.</def>



<hw>Gal`va*nos"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The use of galvanism in physiological

experiments.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gal`va*not"o*nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>galvanic</ets> + GR. <?/ to tone.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Electrotonus</er>.</def>



<hw>Gal`va*not"ro*pism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + Gr. <?/ to turn.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tendency of a root to place its axis

in the line of a galvanic current.</def>



<hw>Gal"wes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gallows.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ga"ma grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From <ets>Gama</ets>, a

cluster of the Maldive Islands.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

species of grass (<spn>Tripsacum dactyloides</spn>) tall, stout,

and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies,

Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage

grass; -- called also <altname>sesame grass</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ga*mash"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gamaches</ets>.]</ety> <def>High boots or buskins; in

Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the

other clothing.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gam"ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A viola da

gamba.</def>



<hw>Gam*ba"does</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[I. or

Sp. <ets>gamba</ets> leg. See <er>Gambol</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Gamashes</er>.</def>



<q>His thin legs tenanted a pair of <qex>gambadoes</qex> fastened

at the side with rusty clasps.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Gam"be*son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Gambison</er>.</def>



<hw>Gam"bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Fr.

<ets>gambette</ets>, or It. <ets>gambetta</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genuis

<xex>Totanus</xex>. See <er>Tattler</er>.</def>



<hw>Gam"bier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Malayan.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The inspissated juice of

a plant (<spn>Uncaria Gambir</spn>) growing in Malacca. It is a

powerful astringent, and, under the name of <spn>Terra

Japonica</spn>, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is

exported for tanning and dyeing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Catechu.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gambeer</asp> and

<asp>gambir</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gam"bi*son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gambeson</ets>, <ets>gambaison</ets>, fr.

<ets>gambais</ets>, <ets>wambais</ets>, of German origin: cf.

MHG. <ets>wambeis</ets>, G. <ets>wams</ets> doublet, fr. OHG.

w<ets>amba</ets>, stomach. See <er>Womb</er>.]</ety> <def>A

defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth

stuffed and quilted.</def>



<hw>Gam"bist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>gamba</ets> leg.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A performer

upon the <xex>viola di gamba</xex>. See under

<er>Viola</er>.</def>



<hw>Gam"bit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gambit</ets>, cf. It. <ets>gambitto</ets> gambit, a tripping

up. See <er>Gambol</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Chess

Playing)</fld> <def>A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn

is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.</def>

<-- Hence, Fig. any stratagem; in conversation, a remark, often

prepared in advance, calculated to provoke discussion, amuse, or

make a point = a conversational gambit --> 



<hw>Gam"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gambled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gambling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>game</ets>. See 2d

<er>Game</er>.]</ety> <def>To play or game for money or other

stake.</def>



<hw>Gamble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lose or squander by

gaming; -- usually with <xex>away</xex>.</def> \'bdBankrupts or

sots who have <xex>gambled</xex> or slept away their estates.\'b8



<au>Ames.</au>



<hw>Gam"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gambles.</def>



<hw>Gam*boge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A concrete

juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in

Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or

cylindrical rolls, from <xex>Cambodia</xex>, or

<xex>Cambogia</xex>, -- whence its name. The best kind is of a

dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking

internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>camboge</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are

derived from species of <spn>Garcinia</spn>, a genus of trees of

the order <spn>Guttifer\'91</spn>. The best Siam gamboge is

thought to come from <spn>Garcinia Hanburii</spn>. Ceylon gamboge

is from <spn>G. Morella</spn>. <spn>G. pictoria</spn>, of Western

India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called <xex>gamboge

butter</xex>.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gam*bo"gi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gambogic</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

resembling, or containing, gamboge.</def>



<hw>Gam"bol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gambolde</ets>, <ets>gambaulde</ets>, F. <ets>gambade</ets>,

gambol, fr. It. <ets>gambata</ets> kick, fr. L. <ets>gamba</ets>

leg, akin to F. <ets>jambe</ets>, OF. also, <ets>gambe</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>gamba</ets>, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. <?/ a binding,

winding, W., Ir. & Gael. <ets>cam</ets> crooked; perh. akin to E.

<ets>chamber</ets>: cf.F. <ets>gambiller</ets> to kick about. Cf.

<er>Jamb</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Gammon</er> ham,

<er>Gambadoes</er>.]</ety> <def>A skipping or leaping about in

frolic; a hop; a sportive prank.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gam"bol</hw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gamboled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, or <er>Gambolled</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gamboling</er> or

<er>Gambolling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dance and skip about in

sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or

lambs.</def>



<hw>Gam"brel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gambe</ets>, <ets>jambe</ets> leg, F. <ets>jambe</ets>. Cf.

<er>Cambrel</er>, <er>Chambrel</er>, and see <er>Gambol</er>.

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The hind leg of a

horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used

by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals.</def>



<cs><col>Gambrel roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a curb roof

having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope

and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in

form.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gam"brel</hw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To truss or hang up by

means of a gambrel.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Gam*broon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

twilled linen cloth for lining.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Game</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>cam</ets> crooked, and E. <ets>gambol</ets>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Crooked; lame; <as>as, a <ex>game</ex>

leg</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Game</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>game</ets>,

<ets>gamen</ets>, AS. <ets>gamen</ets>, <ets>gomen</ets>, play,

sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. <ets>gaman</ets>, Dan.

<ets>gammen</ets> mirth, merriment, OSw. <ets>gamman</ets> joy.

Cf. <er>Gammon</er> a game, <er>Backgammon</er>, <er>Gamble</er>

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sport of any kind; jest,

frolic.</def>



<q>We have had pastimes here, and pleasant <qex>game</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A contest, physical or mental, according to

certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake;

<as>as, a <ex>game</ex> of chance; <ex>games</ex> of skill; field

<ex>games</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<q>But war's a <qex>game</qex>, which, were their subject wise,

Kings would not play at.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<note><hand/ Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and

Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of

strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the

government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such

were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian

<xex>games</xex>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The use or practice of such a game; a single

match at play; a single contest; <as>as, a <ex>game</ex> at

cards</as>.</def>



<q>Talk the <qex>game</qex> o'er between the deal.</q>

<qau>Lloyd.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is gained, as the stake in a game;

also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win

a game; <as>as, in short whist five points are

<ex>game</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>In some games, a point

credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the

highest.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an

object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of

operations; plan; project.</def>



<q>Your murderous <qex>game</qex> is nearly up.</q>

<qau>Blackw. Mag.</qau>



<q>It was obviously Lord Macaulay's <qex>game</qex> to blacken

the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to

attack.</q>

<qau>Saintsbury.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild

meats designed for, or served at, table.</def>



<q>Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by

the well-known appellation of <qex>game</qex>.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<cs><col>Confidence game</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Confidence</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make game of</col>, <cd>to

make sport of; to mock.</cd></cs>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Game</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a resolute,

unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last;

plucky.</def>



<q>I was <qex>game</qex> . . . .I felt that I could have fought

even to the death.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted

for game, or to the act or practice of hunting.</def>



<cs><col>Game bag</col>, <cd>a sportsman's bag for carrying small

game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken.</cd> --

<col>Game bird</col>, <cd>any bird commonly shot for food, esp.

grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the

shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew,

and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to

birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns.</cd> -- <col>Game

egg</col>, <cd>an egg producing a gamecock.</cd> -- <col>Game

laws</col>, <cd>laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking

game for food or for sport.</cd> -- <col>Game preserver</col>,

<cd>a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate

with a view to its increase.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>To

be game</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To show a brave, unyielding

spirit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be victor in a game.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To die game</col>, <cd>to maintain

a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 611 -->



<hw>Game</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gamed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gaming</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>gamen</ets>, <ets>game<?/en</ets>, to rejoice, AS.

<ets>gamenian</ets> to play. See <er>Game</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rejoice; to be pleased;

-- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>God loved he best with all his whole hearte

At alle times, though him <qex>gamed</qex> or smarte.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To play at any sport or diversion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To play for a stake or prize; to use cards,

dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain

rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the

issue of the contest; to gamble.</def>

<-- sic!? -->



<hw>Game"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male game fowl.</def>



<hw>Game" fowl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great

courage and pugnacity of the males.</def>



<hw>Game"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of game

or games.</def>



<hw>Game"keep`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Game"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of game.</def>



<hw>Game"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a plucky manner;

spiritedly.</def>



<hw>Game"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Endurance; pluck.</def>



<hw>Game"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gay;

sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Gladness of the <qex>gamesome</qex> crowd.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Game"some*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Game"some*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Game"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Game</ets> + <ets>-ster</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A merry, frolicsome person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who plays at games; esp., one

accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in

games.</def>



<q>When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest

<qex>gamester</qex> is the soonest winner.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A prostitute; a strumpet.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or

resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the

male and female elements.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gam"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street

Arab.</def>



<q>In Japan, the <qex>gamins</qex> run after you, and say, 'Look

at the Chinaman.'</q>

<qau>L. Oliphant.</qau>



<hw>Gam"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.</def>



<hw>Gam"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The third letter

(<?/, <?/ = Eng. <xex>G</xex>) of the Greek alphabet.</def>



<hw>Gam*ma"di*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cross

formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious

ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See

<er>Fylfot</er>.</def>



<hw>Gam"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Possibly

contr. fr. <ets>godmother</ets>; but prob. fr. <ets>grammer</ets>

for <ets>grandmother</ets>. Cf. <er>Gaffer</er>.]</ety> <def>An

old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of <xex>gaffer</xex>, an

old man.</def>



<hw>Gam"mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gambon</ets>, F. <ets>jambon</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>gambe</ets>

leg, F. <ets>jambe</ets>. See <er>Gambol</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and

cf. <er>Ham</er>.]</ety> <def>The buttock or tight of a hog,

salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gameed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gameing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make bacon of; to salt and

dry in smoke.</def>



<hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

<er>Game</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Backgammon.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An imposition or hoax; humbug.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat in

the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get

his \'bdmen\'b8 or counters home and withdraw any of them from

the board; <as>as, to <ex>gammon</ex> a person</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To impose on; to hoax; to cajole.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Hood.</au>



<hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. unknown.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a

vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Gam"mon*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From 5th

<er>Gammon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lashing or

iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the

stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays.</def>



<cs><col>Gammoning fashion</col>, <cd>in the style of gammoning

lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed.</cd> --

<col>Gammoning hole</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a hole cut

through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of

gammoning the bowsprit.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gam"mon*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From 4th

<er>Gammon</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of imposing upon or hoaxing

a person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Gam`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ marriage + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The production of offspring by the union

of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the

opposite of <xex>agamogenesis</xex>.</def>



<hw>Gam`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to gamogenesis.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gam`o*mor"phism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ marriage + <?/ form, shape.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which

the reproductive elements are generated and matured in

preparation for propagating the species.</def>



<hw>Gam`o*pet"al*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ marriage + E. <ets>petalous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gamop\'82tale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup;

monopetalous.</def>



<hw>Ga*moph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ marriage + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed

of leaves united by their edges (coalescent).</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Gam`o*sep"al*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ marriage + E. <ets>sepal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.</def>



<hw>Gam"ut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>gamme +

ut</ets> the name of a musical note. F. <ets>gamme</ets> is fr.

the name of the Greek letter <?/, which was used by Guido

d'Arezzo to represent the first note of his model scale. See

<er>Gamma</er>, and <er>Ut</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>The scale.</def>



<hw>Gam"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Having the flavor of game, esp. of game

kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting;

high-flavored.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>Showing an unyielding

spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; <as>as, a

<ex>gamy</ex> trout</as>.</def>



<-- NOTE irregular format for pos ### -->

<hw>Gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. <of/ <er>Gin</er></pos>.

<ety>[See <er>Gin</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>Began;

commenced.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Gan</xex> was formerly used with the infinitive

to form compound imperfects, as <xex>did</xex> is now employed.

<xex>Gan</xex> regularly denotes the singular; the plural is

usually denoted by <xex>gunne</xex> or <xex>gonne</xex>.</note>



<q>This man <qex>gan fall</qex> (<it>i.e.</it>, fell) in great

suspicion.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>The little coines to their play <qex>gunne hie</qex>

(<it>i.e.</it>, hied).</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<note>Later writers use <xex>gan</xex> both for singular and

plural.



<q>Yet at her speech their rages <qex>gan</qex> relent.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau></note>



<hw>Ganch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ganche</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>, also Sp. & Pg.

<ets>gancho</ets> hook, It. <ets>gancio</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks

dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.</def>



<q><qex>Ganching</qex>, which is to let fall from on high upon

hooks, and there to hang until they die.</q>

<qau>Sandys.</qau>



<hw>Gan"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gandra</ets>, <ets>ganra</ets>, akin to Prov. G.

<ets>gander</ets>, <ets>ganter</ets>, and E. <ets>goose</ets>,

<ets>gannet</ets>. See <er>Goose</er>.]</ety> <def>The male of

any species of goose.</def>



<hw>Gane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Yawn</er>.]</ety> <def>To yawn; to gape.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ga*ne"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Hind.

Myth.)</fld> <def>The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.</def>



<note><hand/ He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man,

with a large belly and the head of an elephant.</note>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Gang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gangan</ets>, akin to OS. & OHG. <ets>gangan</ets>, Icel.

<ets>ganga</ets>, Goth. <ets>gaggan</ets>; cf. Lith.

<ets><?/engti</ets> to walk, Skr. <ets>ja<?/gha</ets> leg.

<root/48. CF. <er>Go</er>.]</ety> <def>To go; to walk.</def>



<note><hand/ Obsolete in English literature, but still used in

the North of England, and also in Scotland.</note>



<hw>Gang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gangr</ets> a

going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. <ets>gang</ets> a going,

Goth. <ets>gaggs</ets> street, way. See <er>Gang</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A going; a course.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A number going in company; hence, a company, or

a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group

of laborers under one foreman; a squad; <as>as, a <ex>gang</ex>

of sailors; a chain <ex>gang</ex>; a <ex>gang</ex> of

thieves.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A combination of similar implements arranged so

as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; <as>as, a

<ex>gang</ex> of saws, or of plows</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A set; all required for an

outfit; <as>as, a new <ex>gang</ex> of stays</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gangue</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a

gangue.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Gang board</col>, <or/ <col>Gang

plank</col></mcol>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A board

or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to

enter or leave a vessel.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A plank within or

without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to

walk on.</cd> -- <col>Gang cask</col>, <cd>a small cask in which

to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Gang cultivator</col>, <col>Gang plow</col></mcol>,

<cd>a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to

one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same

time.</cd> -- <col>Gang days</col>, <cd>Rogation days; the time

of perambulating parishes. See <cref>Gang week</cref>

(below).</cd> -- <col>Gang drill</col>, <cd>a drilling machine

having a number of drills driven from a common shaft.</cd> --

<col>Gang master</col>, <cd>a master or employer of a gang of

workmen.</cd> -- <col>Gang plank</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gang

board</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Gang plow</col>. <cd>See

<cref>Gang cultivator</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Gang

press</col>, <cd>a press for operating upon a pile or row of

objects separated by intervening plates.</cd> -- <col>Gang

saw</col>, <cd>a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of

saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances

apart.</cd> -- <col>Gang tide</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gang

week</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Gang tooth</col>, <cd>a

projecting tooth. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Halliwell</au>.</cd> --

<col>Gang week</col>, <cd>Rogation week, when formerly

processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes.

<au>Halliwell</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Live gang</col>, <or/

<col>Round gang</col></mcol>, <cd>the Western and the Eastern

names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log

into boards at one operation. <au>Knight</au>.</cd> --

<col>Slabbing gang</col>, <cd>an arrangement of saws which cuts

slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick

beam.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gang"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

oversees a gang of workmen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Mayhew.</au>



<hw>Gan*get"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; <as>as, the <ex>Gangetic</ex>

shark</as>.</def>



<hw>Gang"-flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common English milkwort (<spn>Polygala

vulgaris</spn>), so called from blossoming in <xex>gang</xex>

week.</def>



<au>Dr. Prior.</au>



<hw>Gan"gion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A short line attached to a trawl. See

<er>Trawl</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gan"gli*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gan"gli*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gan"gli*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gan"gli*a`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Furnished with ganglia; <as>as, the <ex>gangliated</ex>

cords of the sympathetic nervous system</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gan"gli*form`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gan"gli*o*form`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ganglion</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a ganglion.</def>



<hw>Gan"gli*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Ganglia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Ganglions</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ganglion</ets> a sort of

swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>ganglion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mass or knot of nervous matter, including

nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a

nerve</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A node, or gland in the lymphatic

system; <as>as, a lymphatic <ex>ganglion</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A globular, hard, indolent

tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the

effusion of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also

<altname>weeping sinew</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Ganglion cell</col>, <cd>a nerve cell. See

<xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Bipolar</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gan"gli*on*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ganglionnarie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Ganglionic.</def>



<hw>Gan`gli*on"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ganglionique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or

ganglion cells; <as>as, a <ex>ganglionic</ex> artery; the

<ex>ganglionic</ex> columns of the spinal cord.</as></def>



<hw>Gan"grel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gang</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Wandering;

vagrant.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Gan"gre*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

gangrene.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gan"grene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gangr\'8ane</ets>, L. <ets>gangraena</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ to gnaw, eat; cf. Skr. <ets>gras</ets>, <ets>gar</ets>, to

devour, and E. <ets>voracious</ets>, also <ets>canker</ets>,

<pos>n.</pos>, in sense 3.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A term

formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which

has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality;

but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any

stage.</def>



<hw>Gan"grene</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Gangrened</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Gangrening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gangr\'82ner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To produce gangrene in; to

be affected with gangrene.</def>



<hw>Gan`gre*nes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Tending to mortification or gangrene.</def>



<hw>Gan"gre*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gangr\'82neux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affected by, or produced

by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.</def>



<hw>Gangue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gangue</ets>, fr. G. <ets>gang</ets> a metallic vein, a

passage. See <er>Gang</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The mineral or earthy substance

associated with metallic ore.</def>



<hw>Gang"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gang</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A passage

or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way

of access formed of planks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle

across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly

either with the government or with the opposition.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The opening through the

bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of the spar deck of

a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the

forecastle; -- more properly termed the <xex>waist</xex>.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<cs><col>Gangway ladder</col>, <cd>a ladder rigged on the side of

a vessel at the gangway.</cd> -- <col>To bring to the

gangway</col>, <cd>to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the

gangway.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gan"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A kind of brittle limestone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<mhw><hw>Gan"is*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gan"nis*ter</hw></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>

<def>A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground

siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining

Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.</def>



<hw>Gan"ja</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>g\'benjh\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>The dried hemp plant, used

in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and

intoxicating.</def><-- marijuana, hashish -->



<hw>Gan"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gant</ets>, AS. <ets>ganet</ets>, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen

duck; akin to D. <ets>gent</ets> gander, OHG. <ets>ganazzo</ets>.

See <er>Gander</er>, <er>Goose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of several species of sea birds of the genus

<spn>Sula</spn>, allied to the pelicans.</def>



<note><hand/ The common gannet of Europe and America (<spn>S.

bassana</spn>), is also called <altname>solan goose</altname>,

<altname>chandel goose</altname>, and

<altname>gentleman</altname>. In Florida the wood ibis is

commonly called <xex>gannet</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Booby gannet</col>. <cd>See <er>Sula</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Gan`o*ceph"a*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ brightness + <?/ head.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A group of fossil amphibians allied to

the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured

plates, as in some ganoid fishes.</def>



<hw>Gan`o*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Ganocephala.</def>



<hw>Ga"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

brightness + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- <pos>n.</pos> One of the

Ganoidei.</def>



<cs><col>Ganoid scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one kind

of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of

bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so

arranged as to form a coat of mail.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ga*noid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ganoid.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ga*noi"de*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Ganoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone

and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by

a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or

with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales.</def>



<note><hand/ They were numerous, and some of them of large size,

in early geological periods; but they are represented by

comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh

waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish,

and sturgeon.</note>



<hw>Ga*noid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ganoid.</def>



<hw>Ga"no*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar bony tissue beneath the

enamel of a ganoid scale.</def>



<hw>Gan"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Ganza</er>.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Gant"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<wordforms>[<it>Gantlet</it> is corrupted fr.

<ets>gantlope</ets>; <ets>gantlope</ets> is for

<ets>gatelope</ets>, Sw. <ets>gatlopp</ets>, orig., a running

down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to

l\'94pa to run. See</pos> <er>Gate</er> a way, and

<er>Leap</er>.]</wordforms> <def>A military punishment formerly

in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of

men facing one another, who struck him as he passed.</def>



<cs><col>To run the gantlet</col>, <cd>to suffer the punishment

of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe

criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many

hands.</cd></cs>



<q>Winthrop ran the <qex>gantlet</qex> of daily slights.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<note><hand/ Written also, but less properly,

<xex>gauntlet</xex>.</note>



<hw>Gant"let</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A glove. See

<er>Gauntlet</er>.</def>



<hw>Gant"line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A line

rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.</def>



<-- p. 612 -->



<hw>Gant"lope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gantlet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gan"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gauntree</er>.</def>



<hw>Gan"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>gansa</ets>, <ets>ganso</ets>, goose; of Gothic origin. See

<er>Gannet</er>, <er>Goose</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of wild

goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to

the lunar world.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>gansa</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Gaol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Jail</er>.]</ety> <def>A place of confinement, especially for

minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail.</def>

<altsp>[Preferably, and in the United States usually, written

<asp>jail</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Commission of general gaol delivery</col>, <cd>an

authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for

trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges,

upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and

for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict.</cd>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Gaol delivery</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld>

<cd>See <cref>Jail delivery</cref>, under

<er>Jail</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gaol"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The keeper of a

jail. See <er>Jailer</er>.</def>



<hw>Gap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gap</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>gap</ets> an empty space, Sw.

<ets>gap</ets> mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. <ets>gab</ets> mouth,

opening, AS. <ets>geap</ets> expanse; as adj., wide, spacious.

See <er>Gape</er>.]</ety> <def>An opening in anything made by

breaking or parting; <as>as, a <ex>gap</ex> in a fence</as>; an

opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a

breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain

pass.</def>



<q>Miseries ensued by the opening of that <qex>gap</qex>.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<q>It would make a great <qex>gap</qex> in your own honor.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Gap lathe</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a turning lathe

with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object

of large diameter.</cd> -- <col>To stand in the gap</col>, <cd>to

expose one's self for the protection of something; to make

defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a

fallen defender or supporter.</cd> -- <col>To stop a gap</col>,

<cd>to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To notch, as a

sword or knife.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make an opening in; to breach.</def>



<q>Their masses are <qex>gapp'd</qex> with our grape.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Gape</hw> <pr>(?; <it>in Eng, commonly</it> ?; 277)</pr>,

<pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Gaped</er> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gaping</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gapen</ets>, AS. 

<ets>geapan</ets> to open; akin to D. <ets>gapen</ets> to gape,

G. <ets>gaffen</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>gapa</ets>, Dan.

<ets>gabe</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>jabh</ets> to snap at, open the

mouth. Cf. <er>Gaby</er>, <er>Gap</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To open the mouth wide</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Expressing a desire for food; <as>as, young birds

<ex>gape</ex></as>.</def> <au>Dryden.</au><sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.</def>



<q>She stretches, <qex>gapes</qex>, unglues her eyes,

And asks if it be time to rise.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise,

astonishment, expectation, etc.</cd>



<q>With <qex>gaping</qex> wonderment had stared aghast.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or

overcome.</cd>



<q>They have <qex>gaped</qex> upon me with their mouth.</q>

<qau>Job xvi. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap,

fissure, or hiatus.</def>



<q>May that ground <qex>gape</qex> and swallow me alive!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for

something; -- with <xex>for</xex>, <xex>after</xex>, or

<xex>at</xex>.</def>



<q>The hungry grave for her due tribute <qex>gapes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See <er>Gaze</er>.</syn>



<hw>Gape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of gaping;

a yawn.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The width of the mouth

when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc.</def>



<hw>The gapes</hw>. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fit of yawning</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A disease of young poultry and other birds,

attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode

worm (<spn>Syngamus trachealis</spn>), in the windpipe, which

obstructs the breathing. See <er>Gapeworm</er>.</def>



<hw>Gap"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who gapes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European

fish. See 4th <er>Comber</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large

edible clam (<spn>Schizoth\'91rus Nuttalli</spn>), of the Pacific

coast; -- called also <altname>gaper clam</altname>.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>An East Indian bird of the genus

<spn>Cymbirhynchus</spn>, related to the broadbills.</def>



<hw>Gape"seed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any strange

sight.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Gapes"ing</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

gazing about; sightseeing.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gape"worm`</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The parasitic worm that causes the

gapes in birds. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Gap"ing*stock`</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.</def>



<q>I was to be a <qex>gapingstock</qex> and a scorn to the young

volunteers.</q>

<qau>Godwin.</qau>



<hw>Gap"-toothed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

interstices between the teeth.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. AS.

<ets>g\'ber</ets> dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the

fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head.

Cf. <er>Goad</er>, <er>Gore</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any slender marine fish

of the genera <spn>Belone</spn> and <spn>Tylosurus</spn>. See

<er>Garfish</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The gar pike. See

<cref>Alligator gar</cref> (under <er>Alligator</er>), and

<cref>Gar pike</cref>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Gar pike</col>, <or/ <col>Garpike</col></mcol>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, elongated ganoid fish of the

genus <spn>Lepidosteus</spn>, of several species, inhabiting the

lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Of Scand. origin. See

<er>Gear</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To cause; to make.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gar"an*cin</hw> <pr>(?; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>garance</ets> madder, LL. <ets>garantia</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An extract of madder by sulphuric acid.

It consists essentially of alizarin.</def>



<hw>Garb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>garbe</ets> looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG.

<ets>garaw\'c6</ets>, <ets>garw\'c6</ets>, ornament, dress. akin

to E. <ets>gear</ets>. See <er>Gear</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Clothing in general.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any

person, especially when indicating rank or office; <as>as, the

<ex>garb</ex> of a clergyman or a judge</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>Costume; fashion; <as>as, the <ex>garb</ex> of a gentleman

in the 16th century</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>External appearance, as expressive of the

feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of

speech.</def>



<q>You thought, because he could not speak English in the native

<qex>garb</qex>, he could not therefore handle an English

cudgel.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Garb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gerbe</ets>, OF. also <ets>garbe</ets>, OHG.

<ets>garba</ets>, G. <ets>garbe</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>grbh</ets>

to seize, E. <ets>grab</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A

sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).</def>



<hw>Garb</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To clothe; array;

deck.</def>



<q>These black dog-Dons

<qex>Garb</qex> themselves bravely.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Gar"bage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. also

<ets>garbash</ets>, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed

away; cf. OF. <ets>garber</ets> to make fine, neat, OHG. 

<ets>garawan</ets> to make ready, prepare, akin to E.

<ets>garb</ets> dress; or perh. for <ets>garbleage</ets>, fr.

<ets>garble</ets>; or cf. OF. <ets>garbage</ets> tax on sheaves,

E. <ets>garb</ets> sheaf.]</ety> <def>Offal, as the bowels of an

animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen;

hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome.</def>



<au>Grainger.</au>



<hw>Gar"bage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strip of the bowels;

to clean.</def> \'bdPilchards . . . are <xex>garbaged</xex>.\'b8



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Garbed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dressed;

habited; clad.</def>



<hw>Gar"bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Garboard</er>.</def>



<hw>Gar"bel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Garble</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Anything sifted, or from which the

coarse parts have been taken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gar"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Garbled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Garbling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Formerly, to pick out,

sort, OF. <ets>grabeler</ets>, for <ets>garbeler</ets> to examine

precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. <ets>garbellare</ets> to sift;

cf. Sp. <ets>garbillar</ets> to sift, <ets>garbillo</ets> a

coarse sieve, L. <ets>cribellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>cribrum</ets>

sieve, akin to <ets>cernere</ets> to separate, sift (cf. E.

<er>Discern</er>); or perh. rather from Ar.

<ets>gharb\'bel</ets>, <ets>gharbil</ets>, sieve.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or

valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros

or dirt; <as>as, to <ex>garble</ex> spices</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pick out such parts of as may serve a

purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; <as>as, to <ex>garble</ex> a

quotation; to <ex>garble</ex> an account.</as></def>



<hw>Gar"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Refuse;

rubbish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wolcott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Impurities separated from

spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called

<altname>garblings</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gar"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

garbles.</def>



<hw>Gar"board</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a

garboard strake.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Garboard strake</col> <or/

<col>streak</col></mcol>, <cd>the first range or strake of planks

laid on a ship's bottom next the keel.</cd>



<au>Totten.</au></cs>



<hw>Gar"boil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>garbouil</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>garbullo</ets>, It.

<ets>garbuglio</ets>; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh.

fr. L. <ets>bullire</ets> to boil, E. <ets>boil</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Tumult; disturbance; disorder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gar*cin"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants,

including the mangosteen tree (<spn>Garcinia Mangostana</spn>),

found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so called in

honor of Dr. <ets>Garcin</ets>.</def>



<hw>Gard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Garde</er>, <er>Yard</er>]</ety> <def>Garden.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTrees of the <xex>gard</xex>.\'b8



<au>F. Beaumont.</au>



<hw>Gard</hw>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>See <er>Guard</er>.</def>



<hw>Gar"dant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Guardant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Turning the head

towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or

other beast.</def>



<hw>Gar"den</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gardin</ets>, OF. <ets>gardin</ets>, <ets>jardin</ets>, F.

<ets>jardin</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>garto</ets>,

G. <ets>garten</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>geard</ets>. See

<er>Yard</er> an inclosure.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of

ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers,

or vegetables.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of

country.</def>



<q>I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy,

The pleasant <qex>garden</qex> of great Italy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Garden</xex> is often used adjectively or in

self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>garden</xex> flowers,

<xex>garden</xex> tools, <xex>garden</xex> walk,

<xex>garden</xex> wall, <xex>garden</xex> house or

<xex>garden</xex>house.</note>



<cs><col>Garden balsam</col>, <cd>an ornamental plant

(<spn>Impatiens Balsamina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Garden

engine</col>, <cd>a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering

gardens.</cd> -- <col>Garden glass</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bell

glass for covering plants.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A globe of

dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding

objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany.</cd>

-- <col>Garden house</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A summer house.</cd>

<au>Beau & Fl</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A privy.</cd>

<mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Garden

husbandry</col></mcol>, <cd>the raising on a small scale of

seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Garden</col> <col>mold <or/ mould</col></mcol>,

<cd>rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden.

<au>Mortimer</au>.</cd> -- <col>Garden nail</col>, <cd>a cast

nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls.

<au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Garden net</col>, <cd>a net for

covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from

birds.</cd> -- <col>Garden party</col>, <cd>a social party held

out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private

residence.</cd> -- <col>Garden plot</col>, <cd>a plot

appropriated to a garden.</cd> <col>Garden pot</col>, <cd>a

watering pot.</cd> -- <col>Garden pump</col>, <cd>a garden

engine; a barrow pump.</cd> -- <col>Garden shears</col>,

<cd>large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Garden spider</col>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the diadem spider (<spn>Epeira diadema</spn>), common in

gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web.

See <cref>Geometric spider</cref>, and <cref>Spider

web</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Garden stand</col>, <cd>a stand for

flower pots.</cd> -- <col>Garden stuff</col>, <cd>vegetables

raised in a garden.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Garden

syringe</col></mcol>, <cd>a syringe for watering plants,

sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc.</cd>

-- <col>Garden truck</col>, <cd>vegetables raised for the

market.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Garden ware</col>,

<cd>garden truck. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Mortimer.</au> -- 

 <mcol><col>Bear garden</col>, <col>Botanic garden</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc. See under <er>Bear</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hanging

garden</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hanging</er>.</cd> --

<col>Kitchen garden</col>, <cd>a garden where vegetables are

cultivated for household use.</cd> -- <col>Market garden</col>,

<cd>a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold

in the markets for table use.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gar"den</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gardened</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Gardening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lay out or

cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice

horticulture.</def>



<hw>Gar"den</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cultivate as a

garden.</def>



<hw>Gar"den*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.</def>



<hw>\'d8Garde"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, some

species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape

jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander

<xex>Garden</xex>.</def>



<hw>Gar"den*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of

occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens;

horticulture.</def>



<hw>Gar"den*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute

of a garden.</def>



<au>Shelley.</au>



<hw>Gar"den*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

garden.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>W. Marshall.</au>



<hw>Gar"den*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Horticulture.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gar"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European cyprinoid fish; the

id.</def>



<hw>Gar`dy*loo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gare l'eau</ets> beware of the water.]</ety> <def>An old cry

in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in

Edingburgh.</def>



<au>Sir. W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Gare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gear</er>.]</ety> <def>Coarse wool on the legs of

sheep.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Gare"fowl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great auk; also, the razorbill.

See <er>Auk</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gairfowl</asp>,

and <asp>gurfel</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gar"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European marine fish (<spn>Belone

vulgaris</spn>); -- called also <altname>gar</altname>,

<altname>gerrick</altname>, <altname>greenback</altname>,

<altname>greenbone</altname>, <altname>gorebill</altname>,

<altname>hornfish</altname>, <altname>longnose</altname>,

<altname>mackerel guide</altname>, <altname>sea needle</altname>,

and <altname>sea pike</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of

several species of similar fishes of the genus

<spn>Tylosurus</spn>, of which one species (<spn>T.

marinus</spn>) is common on the Atlantic coast. <spn>T.

Caribb\'91us</spn>, a very large species, and <spn>T.

crassus</spn>, are more southern; -- called also

<altname>needlefish</altname>. Many of the common names of the

European garfish are also applied to the American species.</def>



<hw>Gar"ga*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gargle</er>, <er>Gargarize</er>.]</ety> <def>To gargle; to

rinse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Gar"ga*ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European duck (<spn>Anas

querquedula</spn>); -- called also <altname>cricket

teal</altname>, and <altname>summer teal</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gar*gan"tu*an</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From <ets>Gargantua</ets>, an allegorical hero of

Rabelais.]</ety> <def>Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic,

wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.</def>



<hw>Gar"ga*rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gargarisme</ets>, L. <ets>gargarisma</ets>. See

<er>Gargarize</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A gargle.</def>



<hw>Gar"ga*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gargarizare</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To gargle; to

rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Garget</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>garget</ets>, <ets>gargate</ets>, throat, OF.

<ets>gargate</ets>. Cf. <er>Gorge</er>. The etymol. of senses 2,

3, & 4 is not certain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The throat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A diseased condition of the udders of cows,

etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and

loss of appetite.</def>



<au>Youatt.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Poke</er>.</def>



<hw>Gar"gil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Garget</er>, <er>Gargoyle</er>.]</ety> <def>A distemper in

geese, affecting the head.</def>



<hw>Gar"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Gargoyle</er>.</def>



<hw>Gar"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Garggled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Gargling</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>gargouiller</ets> to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf.

<er>Gargoyle</er>, <er>Gurgle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter,

agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an

expulsion of air from the lungs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To warble; to sing as if gargling</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Waller.</au>



<hw>Gar"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A liquid, as water or some

medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat,

especially for a medical effect.</def>



<hw>Gar"gol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gargil</er>.]</ety> <def>A distemper in swine; garget.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gar`gou*lette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A water cooler or jug with a handle and

spout; a gurglet.</def>



<au>Mollett.</au>



<hw>Gar"goyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>garguilie</ets>, <ets>gargouille</ets>, cf. Sp.

<ets>g\'a0rgola</ets>, prob. fr. the same source as F.

<ets>gorge</ets> throat, influenced by L. <ets>gargarizare</ets>

to gargle. See <er>Gorge</er> and cf. <er>Gargle</er>,

<er>Gargarize</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A spout

projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved

grotesquely.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gargle</asp>,

<asp>gargyle</asp>, and <asp>gurgoyle</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gar"gyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Gargoyle</er>.</def>



<hw>Ga`ri*bal"di</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in

shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot

<xex>Garibaldi</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California market fish

(<spn>Pomancentrus rubicundus</spn>) of a deep scarlet

color.</def>



<hw>Gar"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>gauren</ets> to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf.

<er>gairish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Showy; dazzling;

ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>garish</xex> sun.\'b8 \'bdA <xex>garish</xex> flag.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>. \'bd<xex>In</xex> . . . <xex>garish</xex>

colors.\'b8 <au>Asham</au>. \'bd<xex>The garish</xex> day.\'b8

<au>J. H. Newman</au>.



<q><qex>Garish</qex> like the laughters of drunkenness.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gay to extravagance; flighty.</def>



<q>It makes the mind loose and <qex>garish</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Gar"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Garish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Gar"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>garland</ets>, <ets>gerlond</ets>, OF. <ets>garlande</ets>,

F. <ets>guirlande</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG.

<ets>wiara</ets>, <ets>wiera</ets>, crown, pure gold, MHG.

<ets>wieren</ets> to adorn.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The crown of a king.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Graffon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers,

or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the

head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<-- p. 613 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The top; the thing most prized.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an

anthology.</def>



<q>They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies

under the name of <qex>garlands</qex>.</q>

<qau>Percy.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sort of netted

bag used by sailors to keep provision in.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience

in handling.</def>



<hw>Gar"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Garlanded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Garlanding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deck

with a garland.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Gar"land*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of a

garland.</def>



<au>Shelley.</au>



<hw>Gar"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>garlek</ets>, AS. <ets>g\'berle\'a0c</ets>; <ets>gar</ets>

spear, lance + <ets>le\'a0c</ets> leek. See <er>Gar</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and <er>Leek</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Allium</spn>

(<spn>A. sativum</spn> is the cultivated variety), having a

bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste.

Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called <xex>cloves

of garlic</xex>, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily

separable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of jig or farce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Taylor (1630).</au>



<cs><col>Garlic mustard</col>, <cd>a European plant of the

Mustard family (<spn>Alliaria officinalis</spn>) which has a

strong smell of garlic.</cd> -- <col>Garlic pear tree</col>,

<cd>a tree in Jamaica (<spn>Crat\'91va gynandra</spn>), bearing a

fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning

taste.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gar"lick*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like or

containing garlic.</def>



<hw>Gar"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>garnement</ets>, OF. <ets>garnement</ets>,

<ets>garniment</ets>, fr. <ets>garnir</ets> to garnish. See

<er>Garnish</er>.]</ety> <def>Any article of clothing, as a coat,

a gown, etc.</def>



<q>No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old

<qex>garment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. ix. 16.</qau>



<hw>Gar"ment*ed</hw>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Having on a garment;

attired; enveloped, as with a garment.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>A lovely lady <qex>garmented</qex> in light

From her own beauty.</q>

<qau>Shelley.</qau>



<hw>Gar"men*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Clothing;

dress.</def>



<hw>Gar"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>garner</ets>, <ets>gerner</ets>, <ets>greiner</ets>, OF.

<ets>gernier</ets>, <ets>grenier</ets>, F. <ets>grenier</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>granarium</ets>, fr. <ets>granum</ets>. See 1st

<er>Grain</er>, and cf. <er>Granary</er>.]</ety> <def>A granary;

a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.</def>



<hw>Gar"ner</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Garnered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Garnering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather for

preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gar"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gernet</ets>, <ets>grenat</ets>, OF.

<ets>grenet</ets>,<ets>grenat</ets>, F. <ets>grenat</ets>, LL.

<ets>granatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>granatum</ets> pomegranate,

<ets>granatus</ets> having many grains or seeds, fr.

<ets>granum</ets> grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in

color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See

<er>Grain</er>, and cf. <er>Grenade</er>,

<er>Pomegranate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral

having many varieties differing in color and in their

constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and

conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest

color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater

than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the

common forms.</def>



<note><hand/ There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and

black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being

aluminia lime (<xex>grossularite</xex>, <xex>essonite</xex>, or

<xex>cinnamon stone</xex>), or aluminia magnesia

(<xex>pyrope</xex>), or aluminia iron (<xex>almandine</xex>), or

aluminia manganese (<xex>spessartite</xex>), or iron lime

(<xex>common garnet</xex>, <xex>melanite</xex>,

<xex>allochroite</xex>), or chromium lime (<xex>ouvarovite</xex>,

color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as

gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients.

Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate.</note>



<cs><col>Garnet berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the red

currant; -- so called from its transparent red color.</cd> --

<col>Garnet brown</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an artificial

dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance

with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt

of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gar"net</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. unknown.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A tackle for hoisting cargo in our

out.</def>



<cs><col>Clew garnet</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Clew</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gar`net*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[1st

<ets>garnet + -ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Containing garnets.</def>



<hw>Gar"ni*er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after the French geologist <ets>Garnier</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An amorphous mineral of apple-green color;

a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore

of nickel.</def>



<hw>Gar"nish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Garnished</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Garnishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>garnischen</ets>, <ets>garnissen</ets>, OF.

<ets>garnir</ets> to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn,

F. <ets>garnir</ets> to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German

origin; cf. OHG. <ets>warn\'d3n</ets> to provide, equip; akin to

G. <ets>wahren</ets> to watch, E. <ets>aware</ets>,

<ets>ware</ets>, <ets>wary</ets>, and cf. also E.

<ets>warn</ets>. See <er>Wary</er>, <er>-ish</er>, and cf.

<er>Garment</er>, <er>Garrison</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to

embellish.</def>



<q>All within with flowers was <qex>garnished</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To ornament, as a dish,

with something laid about it; <as>as, a dish <ex>garnished</ex>

with parsley</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish; to supply.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fit with fetters.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To warn by garnishment; to give

notice to; to garnishee. See <er>Garnishee</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos></def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Gar"nish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something added

for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments,

especially such as are showy or decorated.</def>



<q>So are you, sweet,

Even in the lovely <qex>garnish</qex> of a boy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Matter and figure they produce;

For <qex>garnish</qex> this, and that for use.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Something set round or upon

a dish as an embellishment. See <er>Garnish</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, 2.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fetters.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly

an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a

newcomer.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<au>Fielding.</au>



<cs><col>Garnish bolt</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a bolt with a

chamfered or faceted head.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Gar`nish*ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who is garnished; a person upon whom

garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a

debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or

owing him money.</def>



<note><hand/ The order by which warning is made is called a

<xex>garnishee order</xex>.</note>



<hw>Gar`nish*ee"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Garnisheed</er> <pr>(-<emac/d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Garnisheeing</er>.]</wordforms>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make (a person) a

garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by

garnishment); to trustee.</def>



<hw>Gar"nish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, garnishes.</def>



<hw>Gar"nish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>garnissement</ets> protection, guarantee, warning.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Ornament; embellishment; decoration.</def>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Warning, or legal

notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any

matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Warning to a person in whose

hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money

or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and

give information as garnishee.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fee. See <er>Garnish</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

4.</def>



<hw>Gar"ni*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>garniture</ets>. See <er>Garnish</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>That which garnishes; ornamental appendage;

embellishment; furniture; dress.</def>



<q>The pomp of groves and <qex>garniture</qex> of fields.</q>

<qau>Beattie.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ga*roo"kuh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.</def>



<hw>Ga"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Garum</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling,

garum.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<mhw><hw>Gar" pike`</hw> <or/ <hw>Gar"pike`</hw></mhw>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Gar</er>.</def>



<hw>Gar"ran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>garr\'a0n</ets>, <ets>gearr\'a0n</ets>, gelding, work horse,

hack.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Galloway</er>.</def> <altsp>[Scot. <asp>garron</asp> or

<asp>gerron</asp>. <au>Jamieson</au>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gar"ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>garite</ets>, <ets>garette</ets>, watchtower, place of

lookout, OF. <ets>garite</ets>, also meaning, a place of refuge,

F. <ets>gu\'82rite</ets> a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box,

fr. OF. <ets>garir</ets> to preserve, save, defend, F.

<ets>gu\'82rir</ets> to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG.

<ets>werian</ets> to protect, defend, hinder, G.

<ets>wehren</ets>, akin to Goth. <ets>warjan</ets> to hinder, and

akin to E. <ets>weir</ets>, or perhaps to <ets>wary</ets>. See

<er>Weir</er>, and cf. <er>Guerite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A turret; a watchtower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He saw men go up and down on the <qex>garrets</qex> of the

gates and walls.</q>

<qau>Ld. Berners.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of a house which is on the upper

floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic.</def>



<q>The tottering <qex>garrets</qex> which overhung the streets of

Rome.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Gar"ret*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Protected by

turrets.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>R. Carew.</au>



<hw>Gar`ret*eer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Gar"ret*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Small

splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse

masonry.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>Gar"ri*son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>garnisoun</ets>, F. <ets>garnison</ets> garrison, in OF. &

OE. also, provision, munitions, from <ets>garnir</ets> to

garnish. See <er>Garnish</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A body of troops stationed in a fort or

fortified town.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fortified place, in

which troops are quartered for its security.</def>



<cs><col>In garrison</col>, <cd>in the condition of a garrison;

doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gar"ri*son</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Garrisoned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Garrisoning</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To place troops in, as a fortification, for its

defense; to furnish with soldiers; <as>as, to <ex>garrison</ex> a

fort or town</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To secure or defend by

fortresses manned with troops; <as>as, to <ex>garrison</ex> a

conquered territory</as>.</def>



<hw>Gar"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Garran</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gar"rot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf.

<er>Garrote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A stick or small

wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to

compress the arteries of a limb.</def>



<hw>Gar"rot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

European golden-eye.</def>



<hw>Gar*rote"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>garrote</ets>, from <ets>garra</ets> claw, talon, of Celtic

origin; cf. Armor. & W. <ets>gar</ets> leg, ham, shank. Cf.

<er>Garrot</er> stick, <er>Garter</er>.]</ety> <def>A Spanish

mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed

to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct;

also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is

inflicted.</def>



<hw>Gar*rote"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Garroted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Garroting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strangle with the

garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view

to strangle and rob.</def>



<hw>Gar*rot"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to

strangle and rob him.</def>



<hw>Gar*ru"li*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>garrulitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>garrulit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Talkativeness; loquacity.</def>



<hw>Gar"ru*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>garrulus</ets>, fr. <ets>garrire</ets> to chatter, talk; cf.

Gr. <?/ voice, <?/ to speak, sing. Cf. <er>Call</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Talking much, especially about commonplace or

trivial things; talkative; loquacious.</def>



<q>The most <qex>garrulous</qex> people on earth.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a loud, harsh note;

noisy; -- said of birds; <as>as, the <ex>garrulous</ex>

roller</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Garrulous</er>, <er>Talkative</er>,

<er>Loquacious</er>.</syn> <usage> A <xex>garrulous</xex> person

indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and

lengthened details; <xex>talkative</xex> implies simply a great

desire to talk; and <xex>loquacious</xex> a great flow of words

at command. A child is <xex>talkative</xex>; a lively woman is

<xex>loquacious</xex>; an old man in his dotage is

<xex>garrulous</xex>.</usage>



-- <wordforms><wf>Gar"ru*lous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Gar"ru*lous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gar*ru"pa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr.

Pg. <ets>garupa</ets> crupper. Cf. <er>Grouper</er> the

fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of

California market fishes, of the genus <spn>Sebastichthys</spn>;

-- called also <altname>rockfish</altname>. See

<er>Rockfish</er>.</def>



<hw>Gar"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gartier</ets>, F. <ets>jarreti\'8are</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>garet</ets> bend of the knee, F. <ets>jarret</ets>; akin to

Sp. <ets>garra</ets> claw, Prov. <ets>garra</ets> leg. See

<er>Garrote</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A band used to prevent

a stocking from slipping down on the leg.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The distinguishing badge of the highest order of

knighthood in Great Britain, called the <xex>Order of the

Garter</xex>, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order

itself.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Bendlet</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Garter fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of

the genus <spn>Lepidopus</spn>, having a long, flat body, like

the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish.</cd> -- <col>Garter

king-at-arms</col>, <cd>the chief of the official heralds of

England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often

abbreviated to <altname>Garter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Garter

snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several harmless

American snakes of the genus <spn>Eut\'91nia</spn>, of several

species (esp. <spn>E. saurita</spn> and <spn>E. sirtalis</spn>);

one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous

stripes of color.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gar"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gartered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gartering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bind with a

garter.</def>



<q>He . . . could not see to <qex>garter</qex> his hose.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To invest with the Order of the Garter.</def>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Garth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>gar<?/r</ets> yard. See <er>Yard</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; <as>as, a cloister

<ex>garth</ex></as>.</def>



<q>A clapper clapping in a <qex>garth</qex>

To scare the fowl from fruit.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dam or weir for catching fish.</def>



<hw>Garth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<er>Girth</er>.]</ety> <def>A

hoop or band.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ga"rum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the

ancients.</def>



<hw>Gar"vie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spart; -- called also

<altname>garvie herring</altname>, and

<altname>garvock</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &

Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gases</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Invented by the

chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An a\'89riform fluid; -- a term used at first by

chemists as synonymous with <xex>air</xex>, but since restricted

to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen,

hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which

become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage,

since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by

cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original

signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or

a\'89riform state.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Popular Usage)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

complex mixture of gases, of which the most important

constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen,

artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas

coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a

brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for

illuminating purposes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Laughing

gas.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Any irrespirable a\'89riform

fluid.</def>



<-- 3. gasoline. -->



<note><hand/ <xex>Gas</xex> is often used adjectively or in

combination; as, <xex>gas</xex> fitter or <xex>gas</xex>fitter;

<xex>gas</xex> meter or <xex>gas</xex>-meter, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Air gas</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of gas made

by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter

petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to

be a convenient illuminating and heating agent.</cd> -- <col>Gas

battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a form of voltaic battery,

in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active

agents.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gas carbon</col>, <col>Gas

coke</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Carbon</er>,

<er>Coke</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gas coal</col>, <cd>a bituminous

or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile

matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of

illuminating gas. <au>R. W. Raymond</au>.</cd> -- <col>Gas

engine</col>, <cd>an engine in which the motion of the piston is

produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of

gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of

gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there

by a gas flame or an electric spark.</cd><-- = internal

combustion engine --> -- <col>Gas fitter</col>, <cd>one who lays

pipes and puts up fixtures for gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas

fitting</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The occupation of a gas

fitter.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <cd>The appliances

needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters,

pipes, burners, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gas fixture</col>, <cd>a device

for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to

the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or

drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are

adjusted.</cd> -- <col>Gas generator</col>, <cd>an apparatus in

which gas is evolved</cd>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>a retort in which

volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat</cd>; <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid

hydrocarbon; a carburetor</cd>; <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>a machine for

the production of carbonic acid gas, for a\'89rating water,

bread, etc.</cd> <au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Gas jet</col>,

<cd>a flame of illuminating gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas machine</col>,

<cd>an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating

gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas meter</col>, <cd>an instrument for

recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a

particular place.</cd> -- <col>Gas retort</col>, <cd>a retort

which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas

is generated, in the manufacture of gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas

stove</col>, <cd>a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by

gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas tar</col>, <cd>coal tar.</cd> -- <col>Gas

trap</col>, <cd>a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th

<er>Trap</er>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Gas washer</col> <fld>(Gas

Works)</fld>, <cd>an apparatus within which gas from the

condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water,

to precipitate the tar remaining in it.</cd> <au>Knight</au>. --

<col>Gas water</col>, <cd>water through which gas has been passed

for purification; -- called also <altname>gas liquor</altname>

and <altname>ammoniacal water</altname>, and used for the

manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian

blue.</cd> <au>Tomlinson</au>. -- <col>Gas well</col>, <cd>a deep

boring, from which natural gas is discharged.</cd>

<au>Raymond</au>. -- <col>Gas works</col>, <cd>a manufactory of

gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas

is generated for lighting cities.</cd> -- <col>Laughing

gas</col>. <cd>See under <er>Laughing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh

gas</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a light, combustible, gaseous

hydrocarbon, <chform>CH4</chform>, produced artificially by the

dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a

natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its

name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas,

and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also

<altname>methane</altname>, and in coal mines, <altname>fire

damp</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Natural gas</col>, <cd>gas obtained

from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and

largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly

derived from the Coal Measures.</cd> -- <col>Olefiant gas</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Ethylene</er>.</cd> -- <col>Water

gas</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of gas made by forcing

steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of

hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating

power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is

charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as

gasoline.<-- = <altname>synthesis gas</altname> --></cd></cs>



<-- p. 614 -->



<hw>Gas`a*lier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formed

from <ets>gas</ets>, in imitation of

chande<ets>lier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chandelier arranged to burn

gas.</def>



<hw>Gas"-burn`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The jet

piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from

one or more minute orifices.</def>



<hw>Gas"coines</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gaskins</er>, 1.</def>



<au>Lyly.</au>



<hw>Gas"con</hw> <pr>(?; F. ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or

to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully.

See <er>Gasconade</er>.</def></def2>



<hw>Gas`con*ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gasconnade</ets>, from <ets>Gascon</ets> an inhabitant of

Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.]</ety>

<def>A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging;

braggodocio.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Gas`con*ade"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Gasconaded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gasconading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To boast; to brag; to

bluster.</def>



<hw>Gas`con*ad"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A great

boaster; a blusterer.</def>



<hw>Gas"coynes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>Gaskins.</def>



<au>Beau & Fl.</au>



<hw>Gas*e"i*ty</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State

of being gaseous.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>



<au>Eng. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Gas"e*ous</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Gas</er>. Cf. F. <ets>gazeux</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an

a\'89riform fluid.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous.</def>

\'bdUnconnected, <xex>gaseous</xex> information.\'b8



<au>Sir J. Stephen.</au>



<hw>Gash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gashed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gashing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[For older <ets>garth</ets> or <ets>garse</ets>, OF.

<ets>garser</ets> to scarify, F. <ets>gercer</ets> to chap, perh.

from an assumed LL. <ets>carptiare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>carpere</ets>, <ets>carptum</ets>, to pluck, separate into

parts; cf. LL. <ets>carptare</ets> to wound. Cf.

<er>Carpet</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a gash, or long, deep

incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh.</def>



<q>Grievously <qex>gashed</qex> or gored to death.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<hw>Gash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A deep and long cut; an

incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in

flesh.</def>



<hw>Gash"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

gashes; hideous; frightful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA

<xex>gashful</xex>, horrid, ugly shape.\'b8



<au>Gayton.</au>



<hw>Gas`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gasify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of converting

into gas.</def>



<hw>Gas"i*form</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a form of gas;

gaseous.</def>



<hw>Gas"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gasified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gasifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Gas</ets> +

<ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into gas, or an

a\'89riform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical

processes.</def>



<hw>Gas"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become

gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state.</def>



<au>Scientific American.</au>



<hw>Gas"ket</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>garcette</ets>, It. <ets>gaschetta</ets>, Sp.

<ets>cajeta</ets> caburn, <ets>garceta</ets> reef point.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A line or band used to lash a

furled sail securely. <stype>Sea gaskets</stype> are common

lines; <stype>harbor gaskets</stype> are plaited and decorated

lines or bands. Called also <altname>casket</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The plaited hemp

used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its

pumps.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any ring or washer of

packing.</def>



<hw>Gas"kins</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Galligaskins</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Loose hose or

breeches; galligaskins.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Packing of hemp.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A horse's thighs.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Gas"light`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating

gas.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gas jet or burner.</def>



<hw>Gas"o*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gas</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for

impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile

liquid.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant,

or for charging illuminating gas.</def>



<hw>Gas`o*lene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gasoline</er>.</def>



<hw>Gas`o*lier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Gasalier</er>.</def>



<hw>Gas"o*line</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained

from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal.

It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to

water gas. See <er>Carburetor</er>.</def><-- used as a fuel for

most automobiles and for other vehicles with a gasoline-powered

internal combustion engine -->



<hw>Gas*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gas</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>. Cf. F.

<ets>gazom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for holding and

measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at

one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it

is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it

contains, or the pressure required.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gas`o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>,

<hw>Gas`o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; <as>as,

<ex>gasometric</ex> analysis</as>.</def>



<hw>Gas*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which

treats of the nature and properties of these elastic

fluids.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>Gas"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gas</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a

gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.</def>



<hw>Gasp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gasped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gasping</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>gaspen</ets>, <ets>gaispen</ets>, to yawn, gasp,

Icel. <ets>geispa</ets> to yawn; akin to Sw. <ets>g\'84spa</ets>,

Dan. <ets>gispe</ets> to gasp.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To open

the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious

respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to

pant violently.</def>



<q>She <qex>gasps</qex> and struggles hard for life.</q>

<qau>Lloyd.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pant with eagerness; to show vehement

desire.</def>



<q>Quenching the <qex>gasping</qex> furrows' thirst with

rain.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Gasp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To emit or utter with gasps;

-- with <xex>forth</xex>, <xex>out</xex>, <xex>away</xex>,

etc.</def>



<q>And with short sobs he <qex>gasps</qex> away his breath.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Gasp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of opening the mouth

convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a

painful catching of the breath.</def>



<cs><col>At the last gasp</col>, <cd>at the point of

death.</cd></cs>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Gas"per*eau</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The alewife.</def> <mark>[Local,

Canada]</mark>



<hw>Gas*se"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to Casserio (L. <it>Gasserius</it>), the discover of the

Gasserian ganglion.</def>



<cs><col>Gasserian ganglion</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a large

ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial,

nerve.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gas"sing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>The process of passing cotton goods

between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of

gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of

singeing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Boasting; insincere or empty talk.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Gas"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of gas;

like gas. Hence: <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> Inflated; full of

boastful or insincere talk.</def>



<hw>Gast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gasten</ets>, <ets>g<?/sten</ets> to frighten, akin to Goth.

<ets>usgaisjan</ets>. See <er>Aghast</er>, <er>Ghastly</er>, and

cf. <er>Gaze</er>.]</ety> <def>To make aghast; to frighten; to

terrify. See <er>Aghast</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Shak.</au>



<hw>Gast"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

gast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ stomach + <?/ a mushroom.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An order of fungi, in which the spores are

borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the

puffballs.</def>



<hw>Gas"ter*o*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gastropod</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas`te*rop`o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gastropoda</er>.</def>



<hw>Gas`ter*op"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gastropodous</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gast"ful</hw>, <hw>Gast"ly</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>a.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Ghastful</er>,

<er>Ghastly</er>.</def>



<hw>Gas"tight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>So tightly

fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas.</def>



<hw>Gast"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ghastness</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Gas*tor"nis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from <ets>Gaston</ets> M. Plante, the discover + Gr. <?/

bird.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large eocene

birds from the Paris basin.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas*tr\'91"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/, <?/, the stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A

primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according

to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in

the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a

two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have

descended. This idea constitutes the <xex>Gastr\'91a theory</xex>

of Haeckel. See <er>Gastrula</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas*tral"gi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric

disorders.</def>



<hw>Gas"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/,

stomach: cf. F. <ets>gastrique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining

to, or situated near, the stomach; <as>as, the <ex>gastric</ex>

artery</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Gastric digestion</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the

conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into

soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric

juice.</cd> -- <col>Gastric fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied

to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal

inflammation of the stomach attended with fever.</cd> --

<col>Gastric juice</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a thin,

watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set

of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It

consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment

pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but

acts only on proteid foods.</cd> -- <col>Gastric remittent

fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a form of remittent fever with

pronounced stomach symptoms.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gas*tril"o*quist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gasth`r</grk>, <grk>gastro`s</grk>, stomach + L.

<xex>loqui</xex> to speak.]</ety> <def>One who appears to speak

from his stomach; a ventriloquist.</def>



<hw>Gas*tril"o*quous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ventriloquous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gas*tril"o*quy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A voice

or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach;

ventriloquy.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas*tri"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its

mucuos membrane.</def>



<hw>Gas"tro-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form from the

Gr. <?/, <?/, the stomach, or belly; as in

<xex>gastro</xex>colic, <xex>gastro</xex>cele,

<xex>gastro</xex>tomy.</def>



<hw>Gas`troc*ne"mi*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/ the calf of the leg.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the

leg.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*col"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>colic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to both the stomach and the

colon; <as>as, the <ex>gastrocolic</ex>, or great,

omentum</as>.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*disc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>disc</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That part of blastoderm where the

hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the

epibladst.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-duodenal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum;

<as>as, the <ex>gastroduodenal</ex> artery</as>.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Gastroduodenal</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum.

It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + Gr <?/ sheath + <?/ a cutting]</ety>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of cutting into the upper

part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the

peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a

substitute for the C\'91sarean operation, and less

dangerous.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*en*te"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-enteric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat. & Med.)</fld> <def>Gastrointestinal.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Gastroenrteric</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the lining membrane of the

stomach and the intestines.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-epiploic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the stomach and

omentum.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*he*pat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-hepatic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and liver;

hepatogastric; <as>as, the <ex>gastrohepatic</ex>, or lesser,

omentum</as>.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + GR. <?/ womb + <ets><?/</ets> to

cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>C\'91sarean section. See

under <er>C\'91sarean</er>.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-intestinal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat. & Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the stomach

and intestines; gastroenteric.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*lith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Crab's eyes</cref>, under

<er>Crab</er>.</def>



<hw>Gas*trol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr <?/;

<?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ discourse: cf. F.

<ets>gastrologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of

the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the

stomach.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ softness, fr. <?/

soft.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A softening of the coats of

the stomach; -- usually a post-morten change.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*man"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gastromancy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered

from the stomach.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of

divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent

vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by

magic art.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas`tro*my"ces</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/, <?/, a fungus.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The fungoid growths sometimes found in

the stomach; such as Torula, etc.</def>



<hw>Gas"tro*myth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to say, speak.]</ety> <def>One

whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a

ventriloquist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gas"tro*nome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gas*tron"o*mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>gastronome</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/

law, <?/ to distribute.]</ety> <def>One fond of good living; an

epicure.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<mhw><hw>Gas`tro*nom"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gas`tro*nom"ic*al</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gastronomique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

gastromony.</def>



<hw>Gas*tron"o*mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

gastromomer.</def>



<hw>Gas*tron"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/:

cf. F. <ets>gastronomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or science of

good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*phren"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-phrenic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm;

<as>as, the <ex>gastrophrenic</ex> ligament</as>.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>pneumatic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the alimentary canal and

air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; <as>as,

the <ex>gastropneumatic</ex> mucuos membranes</as>.</def>



<hw>Gas"tro*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Gastropoda.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>gasteropod</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Gas*trop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>,

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of Mollusca, of

great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and

the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of

a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body.

The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See

<er>Mollusca</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Gasteropoda</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses;

viz.: (<stype>a</stype>) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including

the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda.

(<stype>b</stype>) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and

Opisthobranchia. (<stype>c</stype>) The Amphineura, including the

Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.</note>



<hw>Gas*trop"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Gastropoda.</def>



<hw>Gas*tror"a*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/;

<?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ a sewing, fr. <?/ to sew: cf. F.

<ets>gastrorrhaphie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The

operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen.</def>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<hw>Gas"tro*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for viewing or examining the

interior of the stomach.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to gastroscopy.</def>



<hw>Gas*tros"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as

with the gastroscope.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*splen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>splenic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and spleen;

<as>as, the <ex>gastrosplenic</ex> ligament</as>.</def>



<hw>Gas*tros"tege</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ roof.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the large scales on the belly

of a serpent.</def>



<hw>Gas*tros"to*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ mouth.]</ety>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of making a permanent

opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.</def>



<hw>Gas*trot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut: cf. F.

<ets>gastrotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A cutting

into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas*trot"ri*cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>,

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ belly + <?/, <?/, hair.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of small wormlike animals,

having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an

ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and

annelids.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas*trot"ro*cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ a wheel.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A form of annelid larva having cilia

on the ventral side.</def>



<hw>Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-vascular</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the structure, or performing

the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; <as>as,

the <ex>gastrovascular</ex> cavity of c<oe/lenterates</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas"tru*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Gastrul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[NL.,

dim. fr. Gr. <?/ the stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An

embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing

in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the

<xex>blastosphere</xex>) on one side, thus giving rise to a

double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the

<xex>blastopore</xex>) which leads into the cavity (the

<xex>archenteron</xex>) lined by the inner wall (the

<xex>hypoblast</xex>). See <xex>Illust</xex>. under

<er>Invagination</er>. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in

embryonic development. See <er>Gastr\'91a</er>.</def> --

<def2><pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a

gastrula.</def></def2>



<-- p. 615 -->



<hw>Gas`tru*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The process of invagination, in embryonic

development, by which a gastrula is formed.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gas*tru"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ belly + <?/ tail.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Stomatopoda</er>.</def>



<hw>Gas*tru"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Gastrura.</def>



<hw>Gat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Get</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<?/<ets>et</ets>, <ets><?/eat</ets>, <ets>giat</ets>, gate, door,

AS. <ets>geat</ets>, <ets>gat</ets>, gate, door; akin to OS., D.,

& Icel. <ets>gat</ets> opening, hole, and perh. to E.

<ets>gate</ets> a way, <ets>gait</ets>, and <ets>get</ets>, v.

Cf. <er>Gate</er> a way in the wall, 3d <er>Get</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A large door or passageway in the wall of a

city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.;

also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the

passage can be closed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An opening for passage in any inclosing wall,

fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or

opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance

or of exit.</def>



<q>Knowest thou the way to Dover?

Both stile and <qex>gate</qex>, horse way and footpath.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Opening a <qex>gate</qex> for a long war.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the

passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>The places which command

the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power;

might.</def>



<q>The <qex>gates</qex> of hell shall not prevail against it.</q>

<qau>Matt. xvi. 18.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of

the bolt to pass through or into.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The channel

or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the

ingate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The waste piece of metal cast in

the opening; a sprue or sullage piece.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>geat</asp> and <asp>git</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Gate chamber</col>, <cd>a recess in the side wall of a

canal lock, which receives the opened gate.</cd> -- <col>Gate

channel</col>. <cd>See <er>Gate</er>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Gate

hook</col>, <cd>the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge.</cd> --

<col>Gate money</col>, <cd>entrance money for admission to an

inclosure.</cd> -- <col>Gate tender</col>, <cd>one in charge of a

gate, as at a railroad crossing.</cd> -- <col>Gate valva</col>,

<cd>a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords

a straight passageway when open.</cd> -- <col>Gate vein</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the portal vein.</cd> -- <col>To break

gates</col> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld>, <cd>to enter a college

inclosure after the hour to which a student has been

restricted.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To stand in the</col> <col>gate,

<or/ gates</col></mcol>, <cd>to occupy places or advantage,

power, or defense.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To supply with a

gate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>(Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within

the gates at an earlier hour than usual.</def>



<hw>Gate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gata</ets>; akin to

SW. <ets>gata</ets> street, lane, Dan. <ets>gade</ets>, Goth.

<ets>gatw\'94</ets>, G. <ets>gasse</ets>. Cf. <er>Gate</er> a

door, <er>Gait</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A way; a path; a

road; a street (as in High<xex>gate</xex>).</def> <mark>[O. Eng.

& Scot.]</mark>



<q>I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very

day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my

<qex>gate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Manner; gait.</def> <mark>[O. Eng. &

Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gat"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

gates.</def>



<au>Young.</au>



<hw>Gate"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house

connected or associated with a gate.</def>



<hw>Gate"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no gate.</def>



<hw>Gate"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gate keeper;

a gate tender.</def>



<hw>Gate"post`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also

<altname>swinging <or/ hinging post</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A post against which a gate closes; -- called

also <altname>shutting post</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gate"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A passage

through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in

which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate

designed for ornament or defense.</def>



<hw>Gate"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

manner of a gate.</def>



<q>Three circles of stones set up <qex>gatewise</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Gath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gathered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gathering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gaderen</ets>,

AS. <ets>gaderian</ets>, <ets>gadrian</ets>, fr.

<ets>gador</ets>, <ets>geador</ets>, together, fr.

<ets>g\'91d</ets> fellowship; akin to E. <ets>good</ets>, D.

<ets>gaderen</ets> to collect, G. <ets>gatte</ets> husband, MHG.

<ets>gate</ets>, also companion, Goth. <ets>gadiliggs</ets> a

sister's son. <root/29. See <er>Good</er>, and cf.

<er>Together</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring together; to collect, as a number of

separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to

assemble; to muster; to congregate.</def>



<q>And Belgium's capital had <qex>gathered</qex> them

Her beauty and her chivalry.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>When he had <qex>gathered</qex> all the chief priests and

scribes of the people together.</q>

<qau>Matt. ii. 4.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pick out and bring together from among what

is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull;

to pick off; to pluck.</def>



<q>A rose just <qex>gathered</qex> from the stalk.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Do men <qex>gather</qex> grapes of thorns, or figs of

thistles?</q>

<qau>Matt. vii. 16.</qau>



<q><qex>Gather</qex> us from among the heathen.</q>

<qau>Ps. cvi. 47.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To accumulate by collecting and saving little by

little; to amass; to gain; to heap up.</def>



<q>He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he

shall <qex>gather</qex> it for him that will pity the poor.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxviii. 8.</qau>



<q>To pay the creditor . . . he must <qex>gather</qex> up money

by degrees.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bring closely together the parts or particles

of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or

plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth

by a thread; to pucker; to plait; <as>as, to <ex>gather</ex> a

ruffle</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Gathering</qex> his flowing robe, he seemed to stand

In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to

collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or

arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude.</def>



<q>Let me say no more<?/

<qex>Gather</qex> the sequel by that went before.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To gain; to win.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He <qex>gathers</qex> ground upon her in the chase.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To bring together, or nearer

together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is

rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To haul in; to take up;

<as>as, to <ex>gather</ex> the slack of a rope</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To be gathered</col> <col>to one's people, <or/ to one's

fathers</col></mcol> <cd>to die. <au>Gen. xxv. 8</au>.</cd> --

<col>To gather breath</col>, <cd>to recover normal breathing

after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest.

<au>Spenser</au>.</cd> -- <col>To gather one's self

together</col>, <cd>to collect and dispose one's powers for a

great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap.</cd> --

<col>To gather way</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to begin to

move; to move with increasing speed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled;

to congregate.</def>



<q>When small humors <qex>gather</qex> to a gout.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Tears from the depth of some divine despair

Rise in the heart, and <qex>gather</qex> to the eyes.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grow larger by accretion; to increase.</def>



<q>Their snowball did not <qex>gather</qex> as it went.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore,

and generate pus; <as>as, a boil has

<ex>gathered</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To collect or bring things together.</def>



<q>Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and

<qex>gather</qex> where I have not strewed.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxv. 26.</qau>



<hw>Gath"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A plait or fold

in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Carriage Making)</fld> <def>The inclination

forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working

outward.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The soffit or under surface

of the masonry required in <xex>gathering</xex>. See

<er>Gather</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 7.</def>



<hw>Gath"er*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Godwin.</au>



<hw>Gath"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who gathers or collects.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Sewing Machine)</fld> <def>An attachment for

making gathers in the cloth.</def>



<hw>Gath"er*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

collecting or bringing together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is gathered, collected, or brought

together</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A crowd; an assembly; a

congregation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A charitable contribution;

a collection.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A tumor or boil suppurated

or maturated; an abscess.</def>



<hw>Gath"er*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Assembling; collecting;

used for gathering or concentrating.</def>



<cs><col>Gathering board</col> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld>, <cd>a

table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to

form a book.</cd> <au>Knight</au>. -- <col>Gathering coal</col>,

<cd>a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about

which kindling wood is gathered in the morning.</cd> --

<col>Gathering hoop</col>, <cd>a hoop used by coopers to draw

together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be

slipped over them.</cd> -- <col>Gathering peat</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to

preserve a fire.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In Scotland, a fiery peat

which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the

fiery cross was by the Highlanders.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gat"ling gun`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[From the inventor,

R.J. <ets>Gatling</ets>.]</ety> <def>An American machine gun,

consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a

crank, are automatically loaded and fired.</def>



<note><hand/ The improved <xex>Gatling gun</xex> can be fired at

the rate of 1,200 shots per minute.</note>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<hw>Gat"ten tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.

<ets>gatter bush</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name

given to the small trees called guelder-rose (<spn>Viburnum

Opulus</spn>), cornel (<spn>Cornus sanguinea</spn>), and spindle

tree (<spn>Euonymus Europ\'91us</spn>).</def>



<hw>Gat"-toothed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gat</ets> goat + <ets>tooth</ets>. See <er>Goat</er> the

animal.]</ety> <def>Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth;

lustful; wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Gauche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Winding; twisted; warped; --

applied to curves and surfaces.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gauche`rie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An awkward action; clumsiness;

boorishness.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gau"cho</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <plu>pl.

<plw>Gauchos</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>On of the

native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent.

They live mostly by rearing cattle.</def>



<hw>Gaud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gaude</ets> jest, trick, <ets>gaudi</ets> bead of a rosary,

fr. L. <ets>gaudium</ets> joy, gladness. See <er>Joy</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Trick; jest; sport.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deceit; fraud; artifice; device.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a

trinket.</def> \'bdAn idle <xex>gaud</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gaud</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. se <ets>gaudir</ets>

to rejoice, fr. L. <ets>gaudere</ets>. See <er>Gaud</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To sport or keep festival.</def> 

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Gauding</xex> with his familiars.

\'b8 <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. North.</au>



<hw>Gaud</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gauded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gauding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bedeck gaudily; to

decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdNicely <xex>gauded</xex> cheeks.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gaud"-day`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gaudy</er>, a feast.</def>



<hw>Gaud"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Finery;

ornaments; ostentatious display.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bdTarnished <xex>gaudery</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gaud"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Joyful;

showy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gaud"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a gaudy

manner.</def>



<au>Guthrie.</au>



<hw>Gaud"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

gaudy.</def>



<au>Whitlock.</au>



<hw>Gaud"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gaudy.</def>

\'bd<xex>Gaudish</xex> ceremonies.\'b8



<au>Bale.</au>



<hw>Gaud"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

ornament.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gaud"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Gaudier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Gauidiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or

meretricious.</def>



<q>Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,

But not expressed in fancy; rich, not <qex>gaudy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gay; merry; festal.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>Let's have one other <qex>gaudy</qex> night.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gaud"y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gaudies</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu> <ety>[See <er>Gaud</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>One of the large beads in the rosary at which the

paternoster is recited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Gaud"y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A feast or festival; --

called also <altname>gaud-day</altname> and <altname>gaudy

day</altname>.</def> <mark>[Oxford Univ.]</mark>



<au>Conybeare.</au>



<hw>Gaud"y*green`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. <or/ n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>gaude grene</ets>.]</ety> <def>Light green.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gauf"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gaufrer</ets> to figure cloth, velvet, and other stuffs, fr.

<ets>gaufre</ets> honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See

<er>Waffle</er>, <er>Wafer</er>, and cf. <er>Goffer</er>,

<er>Gopher</er> an animal.]</ety> <def>To plait, crimp, or flute;

to goffer, as lace. See <er>Goffer</er>.</def>



<hw>Gauf"fer*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mode of

plaiting or fluting.</def>



<cs><col>Gauffering iron</col>, <cd>a kind of fluting iron for

fabrics.</cd> -- <col>Gauffering press</col> <fld>(Flower

Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a press for crimping the leaves and petals

into shape.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Gauf"fre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gopher</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gopher, esp.

the pocket gopher.</def>



<hw>Gauge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gauged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gauging</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>gaugier</ets>, F.

<ets>jauger</ets>, cf. OF. <ets>gauge</ets> gauge, measuring rod,

F. <ets>jauge</ets>; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L.

<ets>qualificare</ets> to determine the qualities of a thing (see

<er>Qualify</er>); but cf. also F. <ets>jalon</ets> a measuring

stake in surveying, and E. <ets>gallon</ets>.]</ety>

<def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>gage</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To measure or determine with a gauge.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To measure or to ascertain the contents or the

capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To measure the dimensions of,

or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a

gunlock.</def>



<q>The vanes nicely <qex>gauged</qex> on each side.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To draw into equidistant gathers by running a

thread through it, as cloth or a garment.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To measure the capacity, character, or ability

of; to estimate; to judge of.</def>



<q>You shall not <qex>gauge</qex> me

By what we do to-night.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gauge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written also

<ets>gage</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A measure; a standard of

measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or

capacity; a standard.</def>



<q>This plate must be a <qex>gauge</qex> to file your worm and

groove to equal breadth by.</q>

<qau>Moxon.</qau>



<q>There is not in our hands any fixed <qex>gauge</qex> of

minds.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Measure; dimensions; estimate.</def>



<q>The <qex>gauge</qex> and dimensions of misery, depression, and

contempt.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach. & Manuf.)</fld> <def>Any instrument for

ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a

templet or template; <as>as, a button maker's

<ex>gauge</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Any instrument or apparatus

for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its

numerical elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some

particular instrument; <as>as, a rain <ex>gauge</ex>; a steam

<ex>gauge</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relative

positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind;

<as>as, a vessel has the weather <ex>gauge</ex> of another when

on the windward side of it, and the lee <ex>gauge</ex> when on

the lee side of it</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The depth to

which a vessel sinks in the water.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The distance between the rails of a

railway.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>standard gauge</xex> of railroads in most

countries is four feet, eight and one half inches.

<xex>Wide</xex>, or <xex>broad</xex>, <xex>gauge</xex>, in the

United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally

any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard

gauge is now called <xex>narrow gauge</xex>. It varies from two

feet to three feet six inches.</note>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Plastering)</fld> <def>The quantity of plaster

of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its

setting.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Building)</fld> <def>That part of a shingle,

slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also,

one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Gauge of a carriage</col>, <col>car</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc., the distance between the wheels; -- ordinarily called

the <xex>track<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Gauge cock</col>, <cd>a stop

cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water

level in a steam boiler.</cd> -- <col>Gauge concussion</col>

<fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>the jar caused by a car-wheel flange

striking the edge of the rail.</cd> -- <col>Gauge glass</col>,

<cd>a glass tube for a water gauge.</cd> -- <col>Gauge

lathe</col>, <cd>an automatic lathe for turning a round object

having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a

templet or gauge.</cd> -- <col>Gauge point</col>, <cd>the

diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents

equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a term used in

gauging casks, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gauge rod</col>, <cd>a graduated

rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc.</cd> --

<col>Gauge saw</col>, <cd>a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the

depth of cut. <au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Gauge stuff</col>,

<cd>a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices,

moldings, etc., by means of a templet.</cd> -- <col>Gauge

wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to

determine the depth of the furrow.</cd> -- <col>Joiner's

gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument used to strike a line parallel to

the straight side of a board, etc.</cd> -- <col>Printer's

gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument to regulate the length of the

page.</cd> -- <col>Rain gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for

measuring the quantity of rain at any given place.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Salt gauge</col>, or <col>Brine gauge</col></mcol>,

<cd>an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of

saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of

ocean steamers.</cd> -- <col>Sea gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument

for finding the depth of the sea.</cd> -- <col>Siphon

gauge</col>, <cd>a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury,

-- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of

rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other

vacuum; a manometer.</cd> -- <col>Sliding gauge</col>.

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A templet or pattern for

gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain

parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A gauge used only for testing other similar

gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the

working gauges.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <cd>See

Note under <er>Gauge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Star

gauge</col> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld>, <cd>an instrument for

measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of

its length.</cd> -- <col>Steam gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for

measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler.</cd> --

<col>Tide gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for determining the

height of the tides.</cd> -- <col>Vacuum gauge</col>, <cd>a

species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of

the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air.</cd> --

<col>Water gauge</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A contrivance for

indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler;

as by a gauge cock or glass.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The height of

the water in the boiler.</cd> -- <col>Wind gauge</col>, <cd>an

instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given

surface; an anemometer.</cd> -- <col>Wire gauge</col>, <cd>a

gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of

sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under

<er>Wire</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 616 -->



<hw>Gauge"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being gauged.</def>



<hw>Gauged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Tested or

measured by, or conformed to, a gauge.</def>



<cs><col>Gauged brick</col>, <cd>brick molded, rubbed, or cut to

an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work.</cd> --

<col>Gauged mortar</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gauge stuff</cref>, under

<er>Gauge</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Gau"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who gauges;

an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of

casks.</def>



<hw>Gau"ger-ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

gauger.</def>



<hw>Gau"ging rod`</hw>. <def>See <er>Gauge rod</er>, under

<er>Gauge</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Gaul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Gaule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Gallia</ets>, fr. <ets>Gallus</ets>

a Gaul.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The Anglicized form of

<xex>Gallia</xex>, which in the time of the Romans included

France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Gaul.</def>



<hw>Gaul"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gault</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Norw.

<ets>gald</ets> hard ground, Icel. <ets>gald</ets> hard

snow.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A series of beds of clay and

marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower

greensand of the Cretaceous period.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gaul*the"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ericaceous

shrubs with evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It

includes the American winter-green (<spn>Gaultheria

procumbens</spn>), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern

America (<spn>Gaultheria Shallon</spn>).</def>



<hw>Gaunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Norw.

<ets>gand</ets> a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W.

<ets>gwan</ets> weak.]</ety> <def>Attenuated, as with fasting or

suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>gaunt</xex> mastiff.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding <qex>gaunt</qex>

and fleshless across our land.</q>

<qau>Nichols.</qau>



<hw>Gaunt"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Gantlet</er>.</def>



<hw>Gaunt"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gantelet</ets>, dim. of <ets>gant</ets> glove, LL.

<ets>wantus</ets>, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. <ets>want</ets>,

Sw. & Dan. <ets>vante</ets>, Icel. <ets>v\'94ttr</ets>, for

<ets>vantr</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A glove of such

material that it defends the hand from wounds.</def>



<note><hand/ The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of

chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates,

scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century,

became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and

covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the

fingers.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A long glove, covering the wrist.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope on which hammocks or

clothes are hung for drying.</def>



<cs><col>To take up the gauntlet</col>, <cd>to accept a

challenge.</cd> -- <col>To throw down the gauntlet</col>, <cd>to

offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down

by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who

accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gaunt"lett*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a

gauntlet.</def>



<hw>Gaunt"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a gaunt manner;

meagerly.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gaun"tree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gaun"try</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>chantier</ets>,

LL. <ets>cantarium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canterius</ets> trellis,

sort of frame.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A frame for supporting

barrels in a cellar or elsewhere.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A scaffolding or frame

carrying a crane or other structure.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gaur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian species of

wild cattle (<spn>Bibos gauris</spn>), of large size and an

untamable disposition.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also

<asp>gour</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gaure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gaze; to

stare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gauze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gaze</ets>; so called because it was first introduced from

Gaza, a city of Palestine.]</ety> <def>A very thin, slight,

transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling

silk gauze; <as>as, wire <ex>gauze</ex>; cotton

<ex>gauze</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>Gauze dresser</col>, <cd>one employed in stiffening

gauze.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gauze</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the qualities of gauze;

thin; light; <as>as, <ex>gauze</ex> merino

underclothing</as>.</def>



<hw>Gauz"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

of being gauzy; flimsiness.</def>



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<hw>Gauz"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.</def>



<hw>Gave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Give</er>.</def>



<hw>Gav"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gable.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Gav"el</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>gavelle</ets>, F.

<ets>javelle</ets>, prob. dim. from L. <ets>capulus</ets> handle,

fr. <ets>capere</ets> to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W.

<ets>gafael</ets> hold, grasp. Cf. <er>Heave</er>.]</ety> <def>A

small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Gav"el</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The mallet of the presiding officer in a

legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mason's setting maul.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Gav"el</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>gavel</ets>, AS.

<ets>gafol</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>gifan</ets> to give. See

<er>Give</er>, and cf. <er>Gabel</er> tribute.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Tribute; toll; custom. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

See <er>Gabel</er>.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Gav"el*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gavel</er> tribute.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An

ancient special kind of <xex>cessavit</xex> used in Kent and

London for the recovery of rent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gav"el*kind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gavelkynde</ets>, <ets>gavelkende</ets>. See <er>Gavel</er>

tribute, and <er>Kind</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A tenure by which land descended from the father

to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother,

dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still

prevails in the county of Kent.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Gav"e*loche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Gavelock</er>.</def>



<hw>Gav"e*lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gaveloc</ets> a dart, AS. <ets>gafeluc</ets>; cf. Icel.

<ets>gaflok</ets>, MHG. <ets>gabil<?/t</ets>, OF.

<ets>gavelot</ets>, <ets>glavelot</ets>, F. <ets>javelot</ets>,

Ir. <ets>gabhla</ets> spear, W. <ets>gaflach</ets> fork, dart, E.

<ets>glave</ets>, <ets>gaff</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A spear

or dart.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An iron crow or lever.</def> <mark>[Scot. &

North of Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Ga"ver*ick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European red gurnard (<spn>Trigla

cuculus</spn>).</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ga"vi\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>gavia</ets> a sea mew.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The division of birds which includes the gulls and

terns.</def>



<hw>Ga"vi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>ghariu<?/l</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gavial</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large Asiatic crocodilian

(<spn>Gavialis Gangeticus</spn>); -- called also

<altname>nako</altname>, and <altname>Gangetic

crocodile</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>gavial</xex> has a long, slender muzzle,

teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It

inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also

applied to several allied fossil species.</note>



<hw>Gav"ot</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gavotte</ets>, fr. <ets>Gavots</ets>, a people inhabiting a

mountainous district in France, called <ets>Gap</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune,

the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains

in common time, each played twice over.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>gavotte</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gaw"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A baby; a

dunce.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gawk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gok</ets>, <ets>gowk</ets>, cuckoo, fool, Icel.

<ets>gaukr</ets> cuckoo; akin to OHG. <ets>gouh</ets>, G.

<ets>gauch</ets> cuckoo, fool, AS. <ets>g\'82ac</ets> cuckoo, Sw.

<ets>g\'94k</ets>, Dan. <ets>gi\'94g</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A cuckoo.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A simpleton; a booby; a gawky.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Gawk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act like a gawky.</def>



<hw>Gawk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Gawkier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Gawkiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Foolish

and awkward; clumsy; clownish; <as>as, <ex>gawky</ex>

behavior</as>. -- <pos>n.</pos> A fellow who is awkward from

being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.</def>



<hw>Gawn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted fr.

<ets>gallon</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small tub or lading

vessel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Gawn"tree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gauntree</er>.</def>



<hw>Gay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Gayer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Gayest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>gai</ets>, perhaps fr. OHG. <ets>g<?/hi</ets> swift, rapid,

G. <ets>g\'84h</ets>, <ets>j\'84h</ets>, steep, hasty; or cf.

OHG. <ets>w<?/hi</ets> beatiful, good. Cf. <er>Jay</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness

or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry.</def>



<q>Belinda smiled, and all the world was <qex>gay</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q><qex>Gay</qex> hope is theirs by fancy fed.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly

dressed.</def>



<q>Why is my neighbor's wife so <qex>gay</qex>?</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>A bevy of fair women, richly <qex>gay</qex>

In gems and wanton dress<?/</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Loose; dissipated; lewd.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly,

sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous;

joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.</syn>



<hw>Gay</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An ornament</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Gay"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Southern Asiatic

species of wild cattle (<spn>Bibos frontalis</spn>).</def>



<hw>\'d8Gay"di*ang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel of Anam, with two or three

masts, lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat

resembling a Chinese junk.</def>



<hw>Gay"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gayeties</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gaiety</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>gaiet\'82</ets>. See

<er>Gay</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by,

or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the plural; <as>as,

the <ex>gayeties</ex> of the season</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Finery; show; <as>as, the <ex>gayety</ex> of

dress</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee;

blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See

<er>Liveliness</er>.</syn>



<hw>Gay"lus-site`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after <ets>Gay-Lussac</ets>, the French chemist.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellowish white, translucent mineral,

consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water.</def>



<hw>Gay"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Finely; splendidly; showily; <as>as, ladies

<ex>gayly</ex> dressed; a flower <ex>gayly</ex>

blooming.</as></def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Gayne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gain</er>.]</ety> <def>To avail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gay"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gayety;

finery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gay"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

gayety. <xex>Mir</xex>. <xex>for Mag</xex>.</def>



<hw>Gay"tre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gaitre</er>.]</ety> <def>The dogwood tree.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gaze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gazed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gazing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>gasen</ets>, akin to dial. Sw. <ets>gasa</ets>,

cf. Goth. us-<ets>gaisjan</ets> to terrify, us-<ets>geisnan</ets>

to be terrified. Cf. <er>Aghast</er>, <er>Ghastly</er>,

<er>Ghost</er>, <er>Hesitate</er>.]</ety> <def>To fixx the eyes

in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or

curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious

attention.</def>



<q>Why stand ye <qex>gazing</qex> up into heaven?</q>

<qau>Acts i. 11.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To gape; stare; look.</syn> <usage> -- To

<er>Gaze</er>, <er>Gape</er>, <er>Stare</er>. To <xex>gaze</xex>

is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by

excited interest or elevated emotion; to <xex>gape</xex> is to

look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to

<xex>stare</xex> is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of

idiocy. The lover of nature <xex>gazes</xex> with delight on the

beauties of the landscape; the rustic <xex>gapes</xex> with

wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot

<xex>stares</xex> on those around with a vacant look.</usage>



<hw>Gaze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To view with attention; to

gaze on .</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>And <qex>gazed</qex> a while the ample sky.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Gaze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fixed look; a

look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of

attention.</def>



<q>With secret <qex>gaze</qex>

Or open admiration him behold.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The object gazed on.</def>



<q>Made of my enemies the scorn and <qex>gaze</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>At gaze</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <cd>With

the face turned directly to the front; -- said of the figures of

the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon

an escutcheon.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In a position expressing

sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to

describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and

gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence,

standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing.</cd></cs>



<q>I that rather held it better men should perish one by one,

Than that earth should stand at <qex>gaze</qex> like Joshua's

moon in Ajalon!</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Ga*zee"bo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Humorously

formed from <ets>gaze</ets>.]</ety> <def>A summerhouse so

situated as to command an extensive prospect.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gaze"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gazing.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gaze"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hound

that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Ga"zel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The black

currant; also, the wild plum.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Ga*zel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gazelle</er>.</def>



<hw>Ga*zelle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gazelle</ets>, OF. also, <ets>gazel</ets>; cf. Sp.

<ets>gacela</ets>, Pr. <ets>gazella</ets>, It.

<ets>gazella</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>ghaz<?/l</ets> a wild

goat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several small,

swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus

<spn>Gazella</spn>, esp. <spn>G. dorcas</spn>; -- called also

<altname>algazel</altname>, <altname>corinne</altname>,

<altname>korin</altname>, and <altname>kevel</altname>. The

gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of

their eyes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gazel</asp>.]</altsp>



<-- subtypes -->

<note><hand/ The common species of Northern Africa (<spn>Gazella

dorcas</spn>); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (<spn>G.

Arabica</spn>); the mohr of West Africa (<spn>G. mohr</spn>); the

Indian (<spn>G. Bennetti</spn>); the <stype>ahu</stype> or

Persian (<spn>G. subgutturosa</spn>); and the springbok or tsebe

(<spn>G. euchore</spn>) of South Africa, are the best

known.</note>



<hw>Gaze"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>View.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gaz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gazes.</def>



<hw>Ga*zet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It..

<ets>gazeta</ets>, <ets>gazzetta</ets>, prob. dim. of L.

<ets>gaza</ets> royal treasure.]</ety> <def>A Venetian coin,

worth about three English farthings, or one and a half

cents.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ga*zette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gazette</ets>, It. <ets>gazzetta</ets>, perh. from

<ets>gazetta</ets> a Venetian coin (see <er>Gazet</er>), said to

have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice;

or perh. dim. of <ets>gazza</ets> magpie, a name perh. applied to

the first newspaper; cf. OHG. <ets>agalstra</ets> magpie, G.

<ets>elster</ets>.]</ety> <def>A newspaper; a printed sheet

published periodically; esp., the official journal published by

the British government, and containing legal and state

notices.</def>



<hw>Ga*zette"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gazetted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gazetting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To announce or publish in a

gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of

bankruptcy.</def>



<hw>Gaz`et*teer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gazetier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A writer of news, or

an officer appointed to publish news by authority.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A newspaper; a gazette.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A geographical dictionary; a book giving the

names and descriptions, etc., of many places.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An alphabetical descriptive list of

anything.</def>



<hw>Gaz"ing*stock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of

curiosity or contempt.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Gaz"o*gene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gazog\'8ane</ets>; <ets>gaz</ets> gas + <ets>-g\'8ane</ets>,

E. <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A portable apparatus for making

soda water or a\'89rated liquids on a small scale.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Ga*zon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gazon</ets> turf, fr. OHG. <ets>waso</ets>, G.

<ets>wasen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>One of the

pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of

earthworks.</def>



<hw>Ge-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See

<er>Y-</er>.</def>



<hw>Geal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>geler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gelare</ets>, fr. <ets>gelu</ets>.

See <er>Gelid</er>.]</ety> <def>To congeal.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>guigne</ets> the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG.

<ets>w\'c6hsila</ets>, G. <ets>weichsel</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of cherry tree common in Europe

(<spn>Prunus avium</spn>); also, the fruit, which is usually

small and dark in color.</def>



<hw>Ge`an*ti*cli"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ the earth + E. <ets>anticlinal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An upward bend or flexure of a

considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the

formation of a class of mountain elevations called

<xex>anticlinoria</xex>; -- opposed to

<xex>geosynclinal</xex>.</def>



<hw>Gear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gere</ets>, <ets>ger</ets>, AS. <ets>gearwe</ets> clothing,

adornment, armor, fr. <ets>gearo</ets>, <ets>gearu</ets>, ready,

yare; akin to OHG. <ets>garaw\'c6</ets>, <ets>garw\'c6</ets>

ornament, dress. See <er>Yare</er>, and cf. <er>Garb</er>

dress.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Clothing; garments;

ornaments.</def>



<q>Array thyself in thy most gorgeous <qex>gear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Goods; property; household stuff.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Homely <qex>gear</qex> and common ware.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia)</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Whatever is prepared for use or wear;

manufactured stuff or material.</def>



<q>Clad in a vesture of unknown <qex>gear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Warlike accouterments.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Manner; custom; behavior.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Business matters; affairs; concern.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thus go they both together to their <qex>gear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A toothed wheel,

or cogwheel; <as>as, a spur <ex>gear</ex>, or a bevel

<ex>gear</ex></as>; also, toothed wheels, collectively.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for performing a special function;

gearing; <as>as, the feed <ex>gear</ex> of a lathe</as>.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Engagement of parts with each other; <as>as, in

<ex>gear</ex>; out of <ex>gear</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>9.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See 1st

<er>Jeer</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense;

rubbish.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<q>That servant of his that confessed and uttered this

<qex>gear</qex> was an honest man.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<cs><col>Bever gear</col>. <cd>See <er>Bevel gear</er>.</cd> --

<col>Core gear</col>, <cd>a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See

<cref>Mortise wheel</cref>, under <er>Mortise</er>.</cd> --

<col>Expansion gear</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the

arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of

the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively;

the cut-off. See under <er>Expansion</er>.</cd> -- <col>Feed

gear</col>. <cd>See <cref>Feed motion</cref>, under

<er>Feed</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Gear cutter</col>,

<cd>a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by

cutting.</cd> -- <col>Gear wheel</col>, <cd>any cogwheel.</cd> --

<col>Running gear</col>. <cd>See under <er>Running</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To throw</col> <col>in, <or/ out of</col>,

<col>gear</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>to connect or

disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of,

working relation.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 617 -->



<hw>Gear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Geared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Gearing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

dress; to put gear on; to harness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To provide with

gearing.</def>



<cs><col>Double geared</col>, <cd>driven through twofold compound

gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a

machine.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gear</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To be in,

or come into, gear.</def>



<hw>Gear"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Harness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The parts by which motion

imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to

another, considered collectively; <as>as, the valve

<ex>gearing</ex> of locomotive engine; belt

<ex>gearing</ex></as>; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting

and varying motion in machinery.</def>



<cs><col>Frictional gearing</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Frictional</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gearing chain</col>, <cd>an

endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to

another. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Chain wheel</er>.</cd> --

<col>Spur gearing</col>, <cd>gearing in which the teeth or cogs

are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface

(properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting

motion between parallel shafts, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gea"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gesen</ets>, <ets>geson</ets>, rare, scanty, AS.

<ets>g<?/sne</ets> barren, wanting. Cf. <er>Geest</er>.]</ety>

<def>Rare; wonderful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Geat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gate</er>

a door.]</ety> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The channel or spout

through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>git</asp>, <asp>gate</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ge`car*cin"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ earth + <?/ crab.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A land

crab of the genus <spn>Gecarcinus</spn>, or of allied

genera.</def>



<hw>Geck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>gek</ets>

fool, fop; akin to G. <ets>geck</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>gikkr</ets>

a pert, rude person.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Scorn, derision, or

contempt.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To become the <qex>geck</qex> and scorn

O'the other's villainy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Geck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>ghecken</ets>,

G. <ets>gecken</ets>. See <er>Geck</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To deride; to scorn; to mock.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cheat; trick, or gull.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Geck</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To jeer; to show

contempt.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Geck"o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Geckoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. & G.

<ets>gecko</ets>; -- so called from the sound which the animal

utters.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any lizard of the

family <spn>Geckonid\'91</spn>. The geckoes are small,

carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and

vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded,

and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over

walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a

few species are found in Europe and the United States. See

<er>Wall gecko</er>, <er>Fanfoot</er>.</def>



<hw>Geck*o"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gecko.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ged</hw>, <hw>Gedd</hw></mhw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The European pike.</def>



<hw>Gee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Geed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Geeing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To agree;

to harmonize.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Forby.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>j\'81</ets>, interj., used in

calling to a horse, It. gi\'95, F. <ets>dia</ets>, used to turn a

horse to the left.]</ety> <def>To turn to the off side, or from

the driver (<it>i.e.</it>, in the United States, to the right

side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the

imperative, often with <xex>off</xex>, by drivers of oxen, in

directing their teams, and opposed to <xex>haw</xex>, or

<xex>hoi</xex>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>jee</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand

side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side.

In all cases, however, <xex>gee</xex> means to turn

<xex>from</xex> the driver, and <xex>haw</xex> to turn

<xex>toward</xex> him.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Gee ho</col>, <or/ <col>Gee whoa</col></mcol>.

<cd>Same as <er>Gee</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gee</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gee</er> to

turn.]</ety> <def>To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or

from the driver.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>jee</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw><hw>Geer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Geer"ing</hw></mhw>.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gear</er>,

<er>Gearing</er>.</def>



<hw>Geese</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def><pos>pl.</pos>

of <er>Goose</er>.</def>



<hw>Geest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG.

<ets>geest</ets>, <ets>geest</ets>land, sandy, dry and, OFries.

<ets>g<emac/st</ets>, <ets>g<amac/st</ets>,

<ets>g<emac/st</ets>lond, <ets>g<amac/st</ets>lond, fr. Fries.

<ets>g<amac/st</ets> barren. Cf. <er>Geason</er>.]</ety>

<def>Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent

origin.</def>



<au>R. Jameson.</au>



<hw>Geet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Jet</er>.]</ety> <def>Jet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Geez</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The original

native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See

<er>Ethiopic</er>.</def>



<hw>Ge*hen"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Gehenna</ets>, Gr. <?/, Heb. <ets>G<?/

Hinn<?/m</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>The valley

of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites

sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was

afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a

receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being

kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New

Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to

<xex>Hell</xex>.</def>



<q>The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence

And black <qex>Gehenna</qex> called, the type of Hell.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ge"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

earth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived

from, earthy or vegetable mold.</def>



<cs><col>Geic acid</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Humin</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ge"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

earth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Humin</er>.</def>



<hw>Geis"sler tube`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A

glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some

gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an

electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the

name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also

<altname>Pl\'81cker tube</altname>, from the German physicist who

devised it.</def>



<hw>Gei"to*nog"a*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ neighbor + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the

same plant.</def>



<hw>Gel"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gelare</ets> to congeal: cf. F. <ets>gelable</ets>. See

<er>Geal</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being congealed; capable of

being converted into jelly.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gel"a*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A baboon (<spn>Gelada Ruppelli</spn>)

of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck

and shoulders of the adult male.</def>



<hw>Ge*las"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

inclined to laugh, from <?/ to laugh.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

laughter; used in laughing.</def> \'bd<xex>Gelastic</xex>

muscles.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gelatin</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets>. (in comp.) to

make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>

<def>The formation of gelatin.</def>



<hw>Gel`a*tig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gelatin</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Producing, or yielding, gelatin;

gelatiniferous; <as>as, the <ex>gelatigeneous</ex>

tissues</as>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gel"a*tin</hw><def>, <hw>Gel"a*tine</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82latine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gelare</ets> to congeal. See

<er>Geal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> Animal jelly; glutinous

material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling.

Specifically <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, a nitrogeneous colloid,

not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the

hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various

kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.).

Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water,

and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of

calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but

its nutritious qualities are of a low order.</def>



<note><hand/ Both spellings, gela<xex>tin</xex> and

gela<xex>tine</xex>, are in good use, but the tendency of writers

on physiological chemistry favors the form in -<xex>in</xex>, as

in the United States Dispensatory, the United States

Pharmacop\'d2ia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's

Dictionary.</note>



<cs><col>Blasting gelatin</col>, <cd>an explosive, containing

about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of

collodion.</cd> -- <col>Gelatin process</col>, <cd>a name applied

to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of

gelatin.</cd> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <cd>A

dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for

collodion as the sensitized material.</cd> This is the dry-plate

process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are

produced by it.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <cd>A

method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings,

printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can

be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of

the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or

electrotype plates.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Print. or

Copying)</fld> <cd>A method of producing facsimile copies of an

original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence

transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from

which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper.</cd> --

<col>Vegetable gelatin</col>. <cd>See <er>Gliadin</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ge*lat"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gelatinated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gelatinating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To convert into gelatin,

or into a substance resembling jelly.</def>



<hw>Ge*lat"i*nate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be converted

into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.</def>



<q>Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but

<qex>gelatinates</qex> with the mineral acids.</q>

<qau>Kirwan.</qau>



<hw>Ge*lat`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like

jelly.</def>



<hw>Gel"a*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Gelatin</er>.</def>



<hw>Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gelatin</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Yielding gelatin on boiling with

water; capable of gelatination.</def>



<hw>Gel`a*tin"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the form of gelatin.</def>



<hw>Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Gelatination</er>.</def>



<hw>Ge*lat"i*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as

<er>Gelatinate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To coat, or otherwise

treat, with gelatin.</def>



<hw>Ge*lat"i*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Gelatinate</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>



<hw>Ge*lat"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82latineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature and

consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly;

viscous.</def>



<hw>Ge*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gelatio</ets> a freezing, fr. <ets>gelare</ets> to

freeze.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The process of becoming

solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying.</def>



<hw>Geld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gild</ets>, <ets>gield</ets>, <ets>geld</ets>, tribute,

payment, fr. <ets>gieldan</ets> to pay, render. See

<er>Yield</er>.]</ety> <def>Money; tribute; compensation;

ransom.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ This word occurs in old law books in composition, as

in dane<xex>geld</xex>, or dane<xex>gelt</xex>, a tax imposed by

the Danes; were<xex>geld</xex>, compensation for the life of a

man, etc.</note>



<hw>Geld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gelded</er> or Gelt

(<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gelding</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Icel. <ets>gelda</ets> to castrate; akin to Dan.

<ets>gilde</ets>, Sw. <ets>g\'84lla</ets>, and cf. AS.

<ets>gilte</ets> a young sow, OHG. <ets>galt</ets> dry, not

giving milk, G. <ets>gelt</ets>, Goth. <ets>gilpa</ets>

siclke.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To castrate; to emasculate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deprive of anything essential.</def>



<q>Bereft and <qex>gelded</qex> of his patrimony.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deprive of anything exceptionable; <as>as, to

<ex>geld</ex> a book, or a story</as>; to expurgate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Geld"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being gelded.</def>



<hw>Geld"a*ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Geld</er>

money.]</ety> <def>Liable to taxation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Geld"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who gelds

or castrates.</def>



<hw>Gel"der-rose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Guelder-rose</er>.</def>



<hw>Geld"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>gelding</ets> a gelding, akin to <ets>geldingr</ets> wether,

eunuch, Sw. <ets>g\'84lling</ets> gelding, Dan.

<ets>gilding</ets> eunuch. See <er>Geld</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a

horse, but formerly used also of the human male.</def>



<q>They went down both into the water, Philip and the

<qex>gelding</qex>, and Philip baptized him.</q>

<qau>Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).</qau>



<hw>Geld"ing</hw>, <pos>p. pr. a. & vb. n..</pos> <def>from

<er>Geld</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Gel"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gelidus</ets>, fr. <ets>gelun</ets> frost, cold. See

<er>Cold</er>, and cf. <er>Congeal</er>, <er>Gelatin</er>,

<er>Jelly</er>.]</ety> <def>Cold; very cold; frozen.</def>

\'bd<xex>Gelid</xex> founts.\'b8



<au>Thompson.</au>



<hw>Ge*lid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being gelid.</def>



<hw>Gel"id*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a gelid

manner; coldly.</def>



<hw>Gel"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

gelid; gelidity.</def>



<hw>Gel"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Jelly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ge*los"copy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to

laugh + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of

laughter.</def>



<hw>Ge*lose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gelatin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An amorphous,

gummy carbohydrate, found in <xex>Gelidium</xex>, agar-agar, and

other seaweeds.</def>



<hw>Gel*se"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Gelseminic.</def>



<hw>Gel"se*mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the yellow

jasmine (<spn>Gelsemium sempervirens</spn>), as a bitter white

semicrystalline substance; -- called also

<altname>gelsemia</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gel`se*min"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the

yellow jasmine (<spn>Gelsemium sempervirens</spn>); <as>as,

<ex>gelseminic</ex> acid, a white crystalline substance

resembling esculin</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gel*se"mium</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. It. <ets>gelsomino</ets> jasmine.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of climbing plants. The yellow

(false) jasmine (<spn>Gelsemium sempervirens</spn>) is a native

of the Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously

fragrant flowers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of the yellow

jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.</def>



<hw>Gelt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Geld</er>.]</ety> <def>Trubute, tax.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all

<qex>gelts</qex> and payments, in a most full and ample

manner.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Gelt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gelt</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A gelding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Gelt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gilding; tinsel.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gemme</ets> precious stone, F. <ets>gemme</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>gemma</ets> a precious stone, bud.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A bud.</def>



<q>From the joints of thy prolific stem

A swelling knot is raised called a <qex>gem</qex>.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby,

emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when

cut and polished for ornament; a jewel.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything of small size, or expressed within

brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty

or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise

saying.</def>



<cs><col>Artificial gem</col>, <cd>an imitation of a gem, made of

glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. <er>Paste</er>, and

<er>Strass</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gem</hw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Gemmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gemming</er>]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put forth in

the form of buds.</def> \'bd<xex>Gemmed</xex> their blossoms.\'b8

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adorn with gems or precious stones.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To embellish or adorn, as with gems; <as>as, a

foliage <ex>gemmed</ex> with dewdrops</as>.</def>



<q>England is . . . <qex>gemmed</qex> with castles and

palaces.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Ge*ma"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.]</ety>

<fld>(Jewish Law)</fld> <def>The second part of the Talmud, or

the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or

text).</def>



<hw>Ge*mar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

the Gemara.</def>



<hw>Ge*ma"rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed

in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.</def>



<hw>Gem"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gemel</ets> twin, F. <ets>jumeau</ets>, L.

<ets>gemellus</ets> twin, doubled, dim. of <ets>geminus</ets>.

See <er>Gemini</er>, and cf. <er>Gimmal</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Coupled; paired.</def>



<cs><col>Bars gemel</col> <fld>(Her.)<fld>, <cd>two barrulets

placed near and parallel to each other.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gem"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

of the twins.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Heb.)</fld> <def>One of the barrulets placed

parallel and closed to each other. Cf. <xex>Bars gemel</xex>,

under <er>Gemel</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<q>Two <qex>gemels</qex> silver between two griffins passant.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<cs><col>Gemel hinge</col> <fld>(Locksmithing)</fld>, <cd>a hinge

consisting of an eye or loop and a hook.</cd> -- <col>Gemel

ring</col>, <cd>a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See

<er>Gimbal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gemel window</col>, <cd>a window

with two bays.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gem`el*lip"a-rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gemellipara</ets>, fem., <ets>gemellus</ets> twin +

<ets>parere</ets> to bear, produce.]</ety> <def>Producing

twins.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Gem"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>geminus</ets> twin.]</ety> <def>A pair.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Gem"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>geminatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>genimare</ets> to double. See

<er>Gemini</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>In pairs or

twains; two together; binate; twin; <as>as, <ex>geminate</ex>

flowers</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Gem"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

double.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Gem`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>geminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A doubling; duplication;

repetition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gem"i*ni</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

twins, pl. of <ets>geminus</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>j<?/mi</ets>

related as brother or sister.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A

constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars

<xex>Castor</xex> and <xex>Pollux</xex>; also, the third sign of

the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.</def>



<hw>Gem`i*ni*flo"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>geminus</ets> twin + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>,

flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the flowers arranged

in pairs.</def>



<hw>Gem"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>geminus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Double; in pairs.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Gemi*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gemini</er>.]</ety> <def>Twins; a pair; a couple.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gem`i*to"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gemere</ets>, <ets>gemitum</ets>, to sign,

moan.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds

including the true pigeons.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gem"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gemm\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a bud.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leaf bud, as distinguished

from a flower bud.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A bud spore; one of the small

spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which

separate one at a time from the parent cell.</def>



<hw>Gem*ma"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to gems or to gemm\'91; of the nature of, or

resembling, gems or gemm\'91.</def>



<hw>Gem"ma*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gemmarius</ets>. See <er>Gem</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to gems.</def>



<-- p. 618 -->



<hw>Gem"ma*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A receptacle

for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems,

collectively.</def>



<hw>Gem"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gemmatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gemmare</ets> to put forth

buds, fr. <ets>gemma</ets> bud.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having buds; reproducing by buds.</def>



<hw>Gem"ma*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having buds;

adorned with gems or jewels.</def>



<hw>Gem*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gemmation</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The formation of a new

individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding;

an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See

<er>Budding</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of buds on the

stalk; also, of leaves in the bud.</def>



<hw>Gem"me*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gemmeus</ets>. See <er>Gem</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems.</def>



<au>Pennant.</au>



<hw>Gem*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gemma</ets> bud + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gemmif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing gems or

buds</def>; <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>multiplying by buds.</def>



<hw>Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gemma</ets> bud + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See

<er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The production of a

bud or gem.</def>



<hw>Gem`mi*flo"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gemma</ets> bud + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>,

flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having flowers like

buds.</def>



<hw>Gem"mi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Gem*mip"a*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

<hw>\'d8Gem*mip"a*res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gemma</ets> bud + <ets>parere</ets> to

produce.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Animals which increase

by budding, as hydroids.</def>



<hw>Gem`mi*par"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See

<er>Budding</er>.</def>



<hw>Gem*mip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gemmipare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Producing

buds; reproducing by buds. See <er>Gemmation</er>, 1.</def>



<hw>Gem*mos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gemmosus</ets> set with jewels. See <er>Gem</er>.]</ety>

<def>The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Gem`mu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.

<ets>gemmula</ets>, dim. of <ets>gemma</ets> bud.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gemmation</er>.</def>



<hw>Gem"mule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gemmula</ets>, dim. of <ets>gemma</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gemmule</ets>. See <er>Gem</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A little leaf bud, as the

plumule between the cotyledons</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of

the buds of mosses</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the

reproductive spores of alg\'91</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An

ovule.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bud produced

in generation by gemmation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the

imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's

hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from

every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system,

and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division

and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were

derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to

the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state

during many generations and are then developed. See

<er>Pangenesis</er>.</def>



<hw>Gem`mu*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gemmule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.</def>



<hw>Gem"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gem</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of gems; bright; glittering like a

gem.</def>



<q>The <qex>gemmy</qex> bridle glittered free.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Spruce; smart.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Ge*mote"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[As.

<ets>gem<?/t</ets> an assembly. See <er>Meet</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(AS. Hist.)</fld> <def>A meeting; -- used in

combination, <as>as, Witena<ex>gemote</ex>, an assembly of the

wise men</as>.</def>



<hw>Gems</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chamois.</def>



<hw>Gems"bok</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.; akin to

G. <ets>gemsbock</ets> the male or buck of the chamois;

<ets>gemse</ets> chamois, goat of the Alps + <ets>bock</ets>

buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African antelope

(<spn>Oryx Capensis</spn>), having long, sharp, nearly straight

horns.</def>



<hw>Gems"-horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., prop.,

chamois horn.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An organ stop with

conical tin pipes.</def>



<hw>Ge*mul"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American deer

(<spn>Furcifer Chilensis</spn>), with simple forked horns.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>guemul</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>-gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[(1) From Gr. <grk>-gen-</grk>,

from the same root as <grk>ge`nos</grk> race, stock (see

<er>Genus</er>). (2) From Gr. suffix <grk>-genh`s</grk> born. Cf.

F. <ets>-g\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A suffix used in

scientific words in the sense of <xex>producing</xex>,

<xex>generating</xex>: as, amphi<xex>gen</xex>,

amido<xex>gen</xex>, halo<xex>gen</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A suffix meaning <xex>produced</xex>,

<xex>generated</xex>; <as>as, exo<ex>gen</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ge"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[L., the cheek.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cheek; the feathered

side of the under mandible of a bird.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are

attached.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ge*nappe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Genappe</ets>, in Belgium.]</ety> <def>A worsted yarn or

cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid,

fringe, etc.</def> <au>Simmonds</au>.



<hw>\'d8Gen`darme"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gendarmes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, or <plw>Gens

d'armes</plw></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of a body of heavy cavalry.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <mark>[France]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An armed policeman in France.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Gen*darm"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gendarmerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The body of gendarmes.</def>



<hw>Gen"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>genre</ets>, <ets>gendre</ets> (with excrescent

<ets>d</ets>.), F.<ets>genre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>genus</ets>,

<ets>generis</ets>, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the

root of <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to beget, in

pass., to be born, akin to E. <ets>kin</ets>. See <er>Kin</er>,

and cf. <er>Generate</er>, <er>Genre</er>, <er>Gentle</er>,

<er>Genus</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Kind; sort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdOne

<xex>gender</xex> of herbs.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sex, male or female.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A classification of nouns,

primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some

fancied or imputed quality associated with sex.</def>



<q><qex>Gender</qex> is a grammatical distinction and applies to

words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living

objects.</q>

<qau>R. Morris.</qau>



<note><hand/ Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender

when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to

which they refer.</note>



<hw>Gen"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gendered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gendering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>gendrer</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>generare</ets>. See <er>Gender</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To beget; to engender.</def>



<hw>Gen"der</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To copulate; to

breed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gen"der*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no gender.</def>



<hw>Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ race + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Alternate generation. See under <er>Generation</er>.</def>



<hw>Gen`e*a*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Genealogical.</def>



<hw>Gen`e*a*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>g\'82n\'82alogique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

genealogy; <as>as, a <ex>genealogical</ex> table;

<ex>genealogical</ex> order.</as></def> --

<wordforms><wf>Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Genealogical tree</col>, <cd>a family lineage or

genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its

branches.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gen`e*al"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82n\'82alogiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who traces

genealogies or the descent of persons or families.</def>



<hw>Gen`e*al"o*gize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

investigate, or relate the history of, descents.</def>



<hw>Gen`e*al"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Genealogies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>genealogi</ets>, <ets>genelogie</ets>, OF.

<ets>genelogie</ets>, F. <ets>g\'82n\'82alogie</ets>, L.

<ets>genealogia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ birth, race, descent

(akin to L. <ets>genus</ets>) + <?/ discourse.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An account or history of the descent of a person

or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their

children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Regular descent of a person or family from a

progenitor; pedigree; lineage.</def>



<hw>Gen"e*arch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ race + <?/ a leader.]</ety> <def>The chief of a family or

tribe.</def>



<hw>Gen"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Genus</er>.</def>



<hw>Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Capability of being generated.</def>



<au>Johnstone.</au>



<hw>Gen"er*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>generabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being generated or

produced.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>Gen"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82n\'82ral</ets>, fr. L. <ets>generalis</ets>. See

<er>Genus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to a genus or

kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; <as>as, a

<ex>general</ex> law of animal or vegetable economy</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Comprehending many species or individuals; not

special or particular; including all particulars; <as>as, a

<ex>general</ex> inference or conclusion</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not restrained or limited to a precise import;

not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; <as>as, a

loose and <ex>general</ex> expression</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Common to many, or the greatest number; widely

spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; <as>as, a

<ex>general</ex> opinion; a <ex>general</ex> custom.</as></def>



<q>This <qex>general</qex> applause and cheerful s<?/out

Argue your wisdom and your love to Richard.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having a relation to all; common to the whole;

<as>as, Adam, our <ex>general</ex> sire</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>As a whole; in gross; for the most part.</def>



<q>His <qex>general</qex> behavior vain, ridiculous.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Usual; common, on most occasions; <as>as, his

<ex>general</ex> habit or method</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The word <xex>general</xex>, annexed to a name of

office, usually denotes <xex>chief</xex> or <xex>superior</xex>;

as, attorney-<xex>general</xex>; adjutant <xex>general</xex>;

commissary <xex>general</xex>; quartermaster <xex>general</xex>;

vicar-<xex>general</xex>, etc.</note>



<cs><col>General agent</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an agent whom

a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular

kind, or to act in his affairs generally.</cd> -- <col>General

assembly</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Assembly</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>General average</col>, <col>General

Court</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Average</er>,

<er>Court</er>.</cd> -- <col>General court-martial</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the highest military and naval judicial

tribunal.</cd> -- <col>General dealer</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>,

<cd>a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use.</cd> --

<col>General demurrer</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a demurrer

which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient,

without specifying the defects. <au>Abbott</au>.</cd> --

<col>General epistle</col>, <cd>a canonical epistle.</cd> --

<col>General guides</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>two sergeants

(called the <xex>right<xex>, and the <xex>left<xex>, <xex>general

guide<xex>) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an

infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching.

<au>Farrow</au>.</cd> -- <col>General hospitals</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>hospitals established to receive sick and

wounded sent from the field hospitals.</cd> <au>Farrow</au>. 

<col>General issue</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an issue made by a

general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment

at once, without offering any special matter to evade it.

<au>Bouvier</au>. <au>Burrill</au>.</cd> -- <col>General

lien</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a right to detain a chattel,

etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general

account.</cd> -- <col>General officer</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,

<cd>any officer having a rank above that of colonel.</cd> --

<col>General orders</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>orders from

headquarters published to the whole command.</cd> -- <col>General

practitioner</col>, <cd>in the United States, one who practices

medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any

specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as

surgeon.</cd> -- <col>General ship</col>, <cd>a ship not

chartered or let to particular parties.</cd> -- <col>General

term</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a term which is the sign of a

general conception or notion.</cd> -- <col>General verdict</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil

actions, \'bdfor the plaintiff\'b8 or \'bdfor the defendant\'b8.

<au>Burrill</au>.</cd> -- <col>General warrant</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend

suspected persons, without naming individuals.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. <er>General</er>, <er>Common</er>,

<er>Universal</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Common</xex> denotes

primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is

often met with. <xex>General</xex> is stronger, denoting that

which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a

<xex>genus</xex>, or whole. <xex>Universal</xex>, that which

pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write

is so <xex>common</xex> an attainment in the United States, that

we may pronounce it <xex>general</xex>, though by no means

<xex>universal</xex>.</usage>



<syn>Gen"er*al <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82n\'82ral</ets>. See <er>General</er>.,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> The whole; the total; that which comprehends or

relates to all, or the chief part; -- opposed to

<xex>particular</xex>.



<q>In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by

degrees to <qex>generals</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the chief military

officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of

a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the

highest military rank next below field marshal.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States the office of <xex>General of

the Army</xex> has been created by temporary laws, and has been

held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H.

Sheridan. <-- = 5-star general. Eisenhower? MacArthur? Pershing?

-->Popularly, the title <xex>General</xex> is given to various

<xex>general officers</xex>, as General, Lieutenant general,

Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See

<er>Brigadier general</er>, <er>Lieutenant general</er>,

<er>Major general</er>, in the Vocabulary.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The roll of the drum which

calls the troops together; <as>as, to beat the

<ex>general</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The chief of an order of

monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same

rule.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The public; the people; the vulgar.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>In general</col>, <cd>in the main; for the most

part.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Gen`e*ra"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Neut. pl., fr. L. <ets>generalis</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Generalities; general terms.</def>



<au>J. S. Mill.</au>



<hw>Gen`er*al*is"si*mo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It., superl. of <ets>generale</ets> general. See

<er>General</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The chief commander

of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army

consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate

commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries.</def>



<hw>Gen`er*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Generalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>generalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82ralit\'82</ets>.

Cf. <er>Generalty</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being general; the quality of

including species or particulars.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is general; that which lacks

specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague

statement or phrase.</def>



<q>Let us descend from <qex>generalities</qex> to

particulars.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<q>The glittering and sounding <qex>generalities</qex> of natural

right which make up the Declaration of Independence.</q>

<qau>R. Choate.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The main body; the bulk; the greatest part;

<as>as, the <ex>generality</ex> of a nation, or of

mankind</as>.</def>



<hw>Gen"er*al*i`za*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form

of statement, or brought under a general rule.</def>



<q>Extreme cases are . . . not <qex>generalizable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge</qau>



<hw>Gen`er*al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82ralisation</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of generalizing; the act of

bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class;

deduction of a general principle from particulars.</def>



<q><qex>Generalization</qex> is only the apprehension of the one

in the many.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A general inference.</def>



<hw>Gen"er*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Generalized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Generalizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82n\'82raliser</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring under a genus or under genera; to view

in relation to a genus or to genera.</def>



<q>Copernicus <qex>generalized</qex> the celestial motions by

merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton

<qex>generalized</qex> them still more by referring this last to

the motion of a stone through the air.</q>

<qau>W. Nicholson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To apply to other genera or classes; to use with

a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all

special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or

rule.</def>



<q>When a fact is <qex>generalized</qex>, our discontent is

quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an

explanation.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a

general principle) from particulars.</def>



<q>A mere conclusion <qex>generalized</qex> from a great

multitude of facts.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Gen"er*al*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form into a

genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to

take general or comprehensive views.</def>



<hw>Gen"er*al*ized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Comprising structural characters which

are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; <as>as, a

<ex>generalized</ex> type</as>.</def>



<hw>Gen"er*al*i`zer</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who takes general or comprehensive views</def>.



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>Gen"er*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In

general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most

frequently.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a general way, or in general relation; in the

main; upon the whole; comprehensively.</def>



<q><qex>Generally</qex> speaking, they live very quietly.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Collectively; as a whole; without

omissions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I counsel that all Israel be <qex>generally</qex> gathered

unto thee.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xvii. ll.</qau>



<hw>Gen"er*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition or

quality of being general; frequency; commonness.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Gen"er*al*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general;

-- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a

general.</def>



<q>Your <qex>generalship</qex> puts me in mind of Prince

Eugene.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Military skill in a general officer or

commander.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Leadership; management.</def>



<q>An artful stroke of <qex>generalship</qex> in Trim to raise a

dust.</q>

<qau>Sterne.</qau>



<hw>Gen"er*al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Generality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Gen"er*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>generans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of

<ets>generare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Generative; producing</def>;

esp. <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <def>acting as a generant.</def>



<hw>Gen"er*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

generates.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A generatrix.</def>



<hw>Gen"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Generated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Generating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>generatus</ets>,

p. p. of <ets>generare</ets> to generate, fr. <ets>genus</ets>.

See <er>Genus</er>, <er>Gender</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce

(a being similar to the parent); to engender; <as>as, every

animal <ex>generates</ex> its own species</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to be; to bring into life.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To originate, especially by a vital or chemical

process; to produce; to cause.</def>



<q>Whatever <qex>generates</qex> a quantity of good chyle must

likewise <qex>generate</qex> milk.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To trace out, as a line,

figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of

inferior order.</def>



<-- p. 619 -->



<hw>Gen`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>generacioun</ets>, F. <ets>g\'82n\'82ration</ets>, fr.L.

<ets>generatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Origination by some process, mathematical,

chemical, or vital; production; formation; <as>as, the

<ex>generation</ex> of sounds, of gases, of curves,

etc</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is generated or brought forth;

progeny; offspiring.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A single step or stage in the succession of

natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body

of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an

ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the

average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which

one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child,

usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age.</def>



<q>This is the book of the <qex>generations</qex> of Adam.</q>

<qau>Gen. v. 1.</qau>



<q>Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long

season, namely, seven <qex>generations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Baruch vi. 3.</qau>



<q>All <qex>generations</qex> and ages of the Christian

church.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Race; kind; family; breed; stock.</def>



<q>Thy mother's of my <qex>generation</qex>; what's she, if I be

a dog?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The formation or production

of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by

the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or

a magnitude; <as>as, the <ex>generation</ex> of a line or curve

by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a

semicircle, etc</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The aggregate of the

functions and phenomene which attend reproduction.</def>



<note><hand/ There are four modes of generation in the animal

kingdom: <xex>scissiparity</xex> or by fissiparous generation,

<xex>gemmiparity</xex> or by budding, <xex>germiparity</xex> or

by germs, and <xex>oviparity</xex> or by ova.</note>



<cs><col>Alternate generation</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>,

<cd>alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the

products of one process differ from those of the other, -- a form

of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In

the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation

produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These,

however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their

impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more

complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced

agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and

these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a

generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the

original form is reproduced.</cd> -- <col>Spontaneous

generation</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the fancied production

of living organisms without previously existing parents from

inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion

which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gen"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82n\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power of

generating, propagating, originating, or producing.</def>

\'bdThat <xex>generative</xex> particle.\'b8



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>Gen"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, generates, begets,

causes, or produces.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed

from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a

steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid

gas, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The principal sound or sounds

by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the

common chord; -- called also <altname>generating

tone</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gen`er*a"trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Generatrices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Generatrixes</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>That

which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which,

by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface,

or solid; -- called also <altname>describent</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge*ner"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ge*ner"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>genus</ets>,

<ets>generis</ets>, race, kind: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82n\'82rique</ets>. See <er>Gender</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a genus or

kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from

another genus; <as>as, a <ex>generic</ex> description; a

<ex>generic</ex> difference; a <ex>generic</ex> name.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to

large classes or their characteristics; -- opposed to

<ant>specific</ant>.</def>



<hw>Ge*ner"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With regard to a

genus, or an extensive class; <as>as, an animal

<ex>generically</ex> distinct from another, or two animals or

plants <ex>generically</ex> allied</as>.</def>



<hw>Ge*ner"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being generic.</def>



<hw>Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>genus</ets> kind, class + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to

make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

generalizing.</def>



<q>Out of this the universal is elaborated by

<qex>generification</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Gen`er*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>generositas</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82n\'82rosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Noble

birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Harris (Voyages).</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of being noble;

noble-mindedness.</def>



<q><qex>Generosity</qex> is in nothing more seen than in a candid

estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liberality in giving; munificence.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Magnanimity; liberality.</syn>



<hw>Gen"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82n\'82reux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>generous</ets> of noble

birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. <ets>genus</ets> birth,

race: cf. It. <ets>generoso</ets>. See 2d <er>Gender</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of honorable birth or origin; highborn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>generous</qex> and gravest citizens.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly

reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable;

magnanimous; spirited; courageous.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>generous</xex> critic.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>. \'bdHis

<xex>generous</xex> spouse.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>. \'bdA

<xex>generous</xex> pack [of hounds].\'b8 <au>Addison</au>.



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Open-handed; free to give; not close or

niggardly; munificent; <as>as, a <ex>generous</ex> friend or

father</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Characterized by generosity; abundant;

overflowing; <as>as, a <ex>generous</ex> table</as>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Full of spirit or strength; stimulating;

exalting; <as>as, <ex>generous</ex> wine</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See <er>Liberal</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Gen"er*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Gen"er*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gen`e*see" ep"och</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the

American Devonian system; -- so called because the formations of

this period crop out in <xex>Genesee</xex>, New York.</def>



<hw>Ge*ne"sial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to generation.</def>



<hw>Ge*ne`si*ol"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

birth + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or science of

generation.</def>



<hw>Gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from Gr.

<?/, fr. the root of <?/ to beget, be born; akin to L.

<ets>genus</ets> birth, race. See <er>Gender</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of producing, or giving birth or origin

to anything; the process or mode of originating; production;

formation; origination.</def>



<q>The origin and <qex>genasis</qex> of poor Sterling's club.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The first book of the Old Testament; -- so

called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history

of the creation of the world and of the human race.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Generation</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gen"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ge*nette"</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>genette</ets>, Sp.

<ets>gineta</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>jarnei</ets><?/.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of

small Carnivora of the genus <spn>Genetta</spn>, allied to the

civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a

pouch.</def>



<note><hand/ The common genet (<spn>Genetta vulgaris</spn>) of

Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray,

spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white.

The Cape genet (<spn>G. felina</spn>), and the berbe (<spn>G.

pardina</spn>), are related African species.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fur of the common genet (<spn>Genetta

vulgaris</spn>); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this

fur.</def>



<hw>Gen"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Jennet</er>.]</ety> <def>A small-sized, well-proportioned,

Spanish horse; a jennet.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ge*neth"li*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>genethliacus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ belonging to one's

birth, <?/ birth, fr. <?/ to be born.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars

at one's birth.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Ge*neth"li*ac</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A birthday

poem.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One skilled in genethliacs.</def>



<hw>Gen`eth*li"a*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Genethliac.</def>



<hw>Ge*neth"li*acs</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future

events of life from the stars which preside at birth.</def>



<au>Jhonson.</au>



<hw>Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ astrology; <?/ birth + <?/ discourse.]</ety> <def>Divination

as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting

nativities; astrology.</def>



<hw>Ge*neth`li*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who calculates nativities.</def>



<au>Sir W. Drummond.</au>



<hw>Ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Genetical</er>.</def>



<hw>Ge*net"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Genesis</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, concerned with, or

determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of

production or development.</def>



<q>This historical, <qex>genetical</qex> method of viewing prior

systems of philosophy.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<hw>Ge*net"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a genetical

manner.</def>



<hw>Ge*ne"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The chief city

of Switzerland.</def>



<cs><col>Geneva Bible</col>, <cd>a translation of the Bible into

English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva

(Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible

printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the

first which recognized the division into verses, and the first

which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and

soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called

also <altname>Genevan Bible</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Geneva

convention</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an agreement made by

representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and

signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation

regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of

those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military

hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects

physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great

Britain signed the convention in 1865.</cd> -- <col>Geneva

cross</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a red Greek cross on a white

ground; -- the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva

convention.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ge*ne"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>geni\'8avre</ets> juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF.

<ets>geneivre</ets> juniper, fr. L. <ets>juniperus</ets> the

juniper tree: cf. D. <ets>jenever</ets>, fr. F.

<ets>geni\'8avre</ets>. See <er>Juniper</er>, and cf.

<er>Gin</er> a liquor.]</ety> <def>A strongly alcoholic liquor,

flavores with juniper berries; -- made in Holland; Holland gin;

Hollands.</def>



<hw>Ge*ne"van</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.</def>



<hw>Ge*ne"van</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or

inhabitant of Geneva.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A supported of Genevanism.</def>



<hw>Ge*ne"van*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Geneva</ets>, where Calvin resided.]</ety> <def>Strict

Calvinism.</def>



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Gen`e*vese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>Genevensis</ets>, F. <ets>g\'82nevois</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan.</def> --

<def2><pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>  <def>A native or inhabitant of

Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of

Geneva.</def></def2>



<hw>Ge*ni"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Genian</er>.</def>



<hw>Gen"ial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>genialis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>genial</ets>. See

<er>Genius</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Contributing to, or

concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative;

productive.</def> \'bdThe <xex>genial</xex> bed.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Creator Venus, <qex>genial</qex> power of love.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the

enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial

and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy;

enlivening; kindly; <as>as, she was of a cheerful and

<ex>genial</ex> disposition</as>.</def>



<q>So much I feel my <qex>genial</qex> spirits droop.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Belonging to one's genius or natural character;

native; natural; inborn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Natural incapacity and <qex>genial</qex> indisposition.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Denoting or marked with genius<?/ belonging to

the higher nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their

less <qex>genial</qex> works.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<cs><col>Genial gods</col> <fld>(Pagan Mythol.)</fld>, <cd>the

powers supposed to preside over marriage and

generation.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ge`ni*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>genialitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being genial;

sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and

manners.</def>



<hw>Gen"ial*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>By genius or nature; naturally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Some men are <qex>genially</qex> disposed to some

opinions.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gayly; cheerfully.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Gen"ial*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

genial.</def>



<hw>Ge*ni"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ chin;

akin to <?/ under jaw. Cf. <er>Chin</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the chin; mental;

<as>as, the <ex>genian</ex> prominence</as>.</def>



<hw>Ge*nic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>geniculatus</ets>, fr. <ets>geniculum</ets> little knee,

knot or joint, dim. of <ets>genu</ets> knee. See

<er>Knee</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent abruptly at an angle, like the

knee when bent; <as>as, a <ex>geniculate</ex> stem; a

<ex>geniculate</ex> ganglion; a <ex>geniculate</ex> twin

crystal.</as></def>



<hw>Ge*nic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Geniculated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Geniculating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form joints or knots

on.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>Ge*nic"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Geniculate</er>.</def>



<hw>Ge*nic`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>geniculatio</ets> a kneeling.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of kneeling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being bent abruptly at an

angle.</def>



<hw>\'d8G\'82`nie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Genius</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ge"ni*o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See

<er>Genius</er>.]</ety> <def>A man of a particular turn of

mind.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Tatler.</au>



<hw>Ge`ni*o*hy"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

the chin + E. <ets>hyoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of

or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; <as>as, the

<ex>geniohyoid</ex> muscle</as>.</def>



<hw>Gen"i*pap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (<spn>Genipa

Americana</spn>) of the order <spn>Rubiace\'91</spn>. It is oval

in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color,

and with dark purple juice.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ge*nis"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

broom.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including

the common broom of Western Europe.</def>



<hw>Gen"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>genitalis</ets>, fr. <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>,

to beget: cf. F. <ets>g\'82nital</ets>. See

<er>Gender</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to generation, or to the

generative organs.</def>



<cs><col>Genital cord</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a cord

developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian

and M\'81llerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital

passages in both sexes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gen"i*tals</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Genital</er>, <pos>a.</pos>: cf. L.

<ets>genitalia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The organs of generation; the

sexual organs; the private parts.</def>



<hw>Gen"i*ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Jenneting</er>.]</ety> <def>A species of apple that ripens

very early.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Gen`i*ti"val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Possessing

genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case;

<as>as, a <ex>genitival</ex> adverb</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Gen`i*ti"val*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gen"i*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>genitivus</ets>, fr. <ets>gignere</ets>, <ets>genitum</ets>,

to beget: cf. F. <ets>g\'82nitif</ets>. See

<er>Gender</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining

to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which

expresses source or possession.  It corresponds to the possessive

case in English.</def>



<hw>Gen"i*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The

genitive case.</def>



<cs><col>Genitive absolute</col>, <cd>a construction in Greek

similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See <cref>Ablative

absolute</cref>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gen`i*to*cru"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Genit</ets>al + <ets>crural</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the genital organs and the

thigh; -- applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.</def>



<hw>Gen"i*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who begets; a generator; an

originator.</def>



<au>Sheldon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The genitals.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Genit</ets>al + <ets>urinary</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Urogenital</er>.</def>



<hw>Gen"i*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>genitura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>g\'82niture</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Generation; procreation; birth.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gen"ius</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Geniuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; <xex>in sense 1</xex>, L.

<plw>Genii</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>genius</ets>,

prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in

everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person

or place, taste, talent, genius, from <ets>genere</ets>,

<ets>gignere</ets>, to beget, bring forth. See <er>Gender</er>,

and cf. <er>Engine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A good or evil

spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a

man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a

spirit, good or bad. Cf. <er>Jinnee</er>.</def>



<q>The unseen <qex>genius</qex> of the wood.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The

<qex>genius</qex> of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn

by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity.</q>

<qau>Tylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each

individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of

mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for

certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit;

special taste, inclination, or disposition; <as>as, a

<ex>genius</ex> for history, for poetry, or painting</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a

nation, a religion, a language.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon

intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or

origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; <as>as,

a man of <ex>genius</ex></as>.</def>



<q><qex>Genius</qex> of the highest kind implies an unusual

intensity of the modifyng power.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man

of superior intellectual faculties; <as>as, Shakespeare was a

rare <ex>genius</ex></as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Genius</er>, <er>Talent</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Genius</xex> implies high and peculiar gifts of nature,

impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort,

and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc.

<xex>Talent</xex> supposes general strength of intellect, with a

peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific

employments and valuable ends and purposes. <xex>Genius</xex> is

connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and

reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. <xex>Talent</xex>

depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of

all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we

speak of a <xex>genius</xex> for poetry, painting. etc., and a

<xex>talent</xex> for business or diplomacy. Among English

orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his

<xex>genius</xex>; William Pitt for his pre\'89minent

<xex>talents</xex>, and especially his unrivaled

<xex>talent</xex> for debate.</usage>



<-- p. 620 -->



<cs><col>\'d8Genius loci</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[L.]</ety>,

<cd>the genius or presiding divinity of a place; hence, the

pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a college,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gen`o*ese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.

sing. & pl.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Genoa;

collectively, the people of Genoa.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Ge*nouil`l\'8are"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>A metal plate covering

the knee.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>That part of a parapet which

lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an

embrasure.</def>



<hw>-ge*nous</hw>. <ety>[<ets>-gen</ets> +

<ets>-ous</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying

<xex>producing</xex>, <xex>yielding</xex>; <as>as,

alkali<ex>genous</ex>; endo<ex>genous</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8Genre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Gender</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A style of

painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates

everyday life and manners.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gens</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gentes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See

<er>Gentle</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Hist.)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A clan or family connection, embracing several

families of the same stock, who had a common name and certain

common religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or

tribe</def>.



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A minor subdivision of a

tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a

common descent, and bear the same totem.</def>



<hw>Gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gent</ets>, fr. L. <ets>genitus</ets> born, or (less prob.)

fr. <ets>gentilis</ets>. See <er>Genteel</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Gentle; noble; of gentle birth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All of a knight [who] was fair and <qex>gent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Neat; pretty; fine; elegant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Her body <qex>gent</qex> and small.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Gen*teel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gentil</ets> noble, pretty, graceful. See

<er>Gentle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing or exhibiting

the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and

breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior;

adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred;

<as>as, <ex>genteel</ex> company, manners, address</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance,

dress, or manner; <as>as, the lady has a <ex>genteel</ex>

person</as>. <xex>Law</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman;

<as>as, to live in a <ex>genteel</ex> allowance</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.</syn>



<hw>Gen*teel"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat genteel.</def>



<hw>Gen*teel"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a genteel

manner.</def>



<hw>Gen*teel"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

genteel.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gen"ter*ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gen"trie</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. See

<er>Gentry</er>.]</ety> <def>Nobility of birth or of character;

gentility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gen"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>genciane</ets>, F. <ets>gentiane</ets>, L.

<ets>gentiana</ets>, fr. <ets>Gentius</ets>, an Illyrian king,

said to have discovered its properties.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Any one of a genus (<spn>Gentiana</spn>) of herbaceous

plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed

corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Capsule</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ Many species are found on the highest mountains of

Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty,

as the Alpine (<spn>Gentiana verna</spn>, <spn>Bavarica</spn>,

and <spn>excisa</spn>), and the American fringed gentians

(<spn>G. crinita</spn> and <spn>G. detonsa</spn>). Several are

used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of <spn>Gentiana

lutea</spn>, the officinal gentian of the

pharmacop<oe/ias.</note>



<cs><col>Horse gentian</col>, <cd>fever root.</cd> -- <col>Yellow

gentian</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the officinal gentian

(<spn>Gentiana lutea</spn>). See <er>Bitterwort</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gen`tian*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of

plants (<spn>Gentianace\'91</spn>) of which the gentian is the

type.</def>



<hw>Gen`tian*el"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gentian</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of blue color.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Gen`ti*an"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to or derived from the gentian; <as>as, <ex>gentianic</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Gen"tian*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter, crystallizable substance

obtained from gentian.</def>



<hw>Gen"tian*ose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystallizable, sugarlike substance,

with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.</def>



<hw>Gen"til</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>Gentle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gen"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gentilis</ets> belonging to the same clan, stock, race,

people, or nation; in opposition to <ets>Roman</ets>, a

foreigner; in opposition to <ets>Jew</ets> or

<ets>Christian</ets>, a heathen: cf. F. <ets>gentil</ets>. See

<er>Gentle</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>One of a non-Jewish

nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false

gods; a heathen.</def>



<note><hand/ The Hebrews included in the term

<xex>g\'d3yim</xex>, or nations, all the tribes of men who had

not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The

Christians translated <xex>g\'d3yim</xex> by the L.

<xex>gentes</xex>, and imitated the Jews in giving the name

<xex>gentiles</xex> to all nations who were neither Jews nor

Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all

nations who were not Romans.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Pagan; heathen. See <er>Pagan</er>.</syn>



<hw>Gen"tile</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging to

the nations at large, as distinguished from the <xex>Jews</xex>;

ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Denoting a race or country;

<as>as, a <ex>gentile</ex> noun or adjective</as>.</def>



<hw>Gen"tile-fal`con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Falcon-gentil</er>.</def>



<hw>Gen`ti*lesse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gentilesse</ets>, <ets>gentelise</ets>, F.

<ets>gentillesse</ets>. See <er>Gentle</er>. <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gen"til*ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heathenish;

pagan.</def>



<hw>Gen"til*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gentilisme</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false

gods.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tribal feeling; devotion to one's

<xex>gens</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gen`ti*li"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gen`ti*li"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>gentilitius</ets>. See <er>Gentile</er>.]</ety>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Peculiar to a people; national.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hereditary; entailed on a family.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Gen*til"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gentilitas</ets> the relationship of those who belong to the

same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. <ets>gentilit\'82</ets>

heathenism. See <er>Gentile</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Good extraction; dignity of birth.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>He . . . mines my <qex>gentility</qex> with my education.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality or qualities appropriate to those

who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy,

politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior,

etc.; good breeding.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The class in society who are, or are expected to

be, genteel; the gentry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Paganism; heathenism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Gen"til*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gentile</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To live like a gentile or heathen.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To act the gentleman; -- with <xex>it</xex> (see

<er>It</er>, 5).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gen"til*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To render gentile or

gentlemanly; <as>as, to <ex>gentilize</ex> your unworthy

sones</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sylvester.</au>



<hw>Gen"til*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gentil</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>In a gentle or hoble

manner; frankly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gen`ti*o*pi"krin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gentian</ets> + Gr. <?/ bitter.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance,

regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.</def>



<hw>Gen"ti*sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A tasteless, yellow, crystalline

substance, obtained from the gentian; -- called also

<altname>gentianin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gen"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Gentler</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Gentlest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>gentil</ets>, F. <ets>gentil</ets> noble, pretty,

graceful, fr. L. <ets>gentilis</ets> of the same clan or race,

fr. <ets>gens</ets>, <ets>gentis</ets>, tribe, clan, race, orig.

that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of

<ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to beget; hence

<ets>gentle</ets>, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good

or noble birth. See <er>Gender</er>, and cf. <er>Genteel</er>,

<er>Gentil</er>, <er>Gentile</er>, <er>Gentoo</er>,

<er>Jaunty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Well-born; of a good

family or respectable birth, though not noble.</def>



<q>British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and

yeomanry, and families are either noble, <qex>gentle</qex>, or

simple.</q>

<qau>Johnson's Cyc.</qau>



<q>The studies wherein our noble and <qex>gentle</qex> youth

ought to bestow their time.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh,

or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; <as>as, a

<ex>gentle</ex> nature, temper, or disposition; a <ex>gentle</ex>

manner; a <ex>gentle</ex> address; a <ex>gentle</ex>

voice.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A compellative of respect, consideration, or

conciliation; <as>as, <ex>gentle</ex> reader</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Gentle</xex> sirs.\'b8  \'bd<xex>Gentle</xex> Jew.\'b8 

\'bd<xex>Gentle</xex> servant.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and

docile; tame; peaceable; <as>as, a <ex>gentle</ex>

horse</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or

disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; <as>as, a <ex>gentle</ex>

touch; a <ex>gentle</ex> gallop.</def> \'bd<xex>Gentle</xex>

music.\'b8</as>



<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>



<q>O sleep! it is a <qex>gentle</qex> thing.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<cs><col>The gentle craft</col>, <cd>the art or trade of

shoemaking.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful;

pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile.</syn>  --

<usage><er>Gentle</er>, <er>Tame</er>, <er>Mild</er>,

<er>Meek</er>. <xex>Gentle</xex> describes the natural

disposition; <xex>tame</xex>, that which is subdued by training;

<xex>mild</xex> implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily

provoked; <xex>meek</xex>, a spirit which has been schooled to

mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is

<xex>gentle</xex>; the domestic fowl is <xex>tame</xex>; John,

the Apostle, was <xex>mild</xex>; Moses was

<xex>meek</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Gen"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One well born; a

gentleman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Gentles</qex>, methinks you frown.</q>

<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trained falcon. See

<er>Falcon-gentil</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dipterous larva used as

fish bait.</def>



<hw>Gent"le</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable.</def>

<mark>[R. or Poet.]</mark>



<q>To <qex>gentle</qex> life's descent,

We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make kind and docile, as a horse.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>Gen"tle*folk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gen"tle*folks`</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Persons of gentle or

good family and breeding. <ety>[Generally in the United States in

the plural form.]</ety>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gen"tle-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a kind or gentle disposition.</def> <au>Shak</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gen"tle*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gentlemen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>gentilman</ets> nobleman; <ets>gentil</ets> noble +

<ets>man</ets> man; cf. F. <ets>gentilhomme</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man well born; one of good family; one above

the condition of a yeoman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred

man.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One who bears arms, but has no

title.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The servant of a man of rank.</def>



<q>The count's <qex>gentleman</qex>, one Cesario.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp.

in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular

assemblies, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ In Great Britain, the term <xex>gentleman</xex> is

applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who

are without a title, and, in this sense, <xex>gentlemen</xex>

hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more

extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman,

comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is

applied to men of education and good breeding of every

occupation.</note>



<cs><col>Gentleman commoner</col>, <cd>one of the highest class

of commoners at the University of Oxford.</cd> -- <col>Gentleman

usher</col>, <cd>one who ushers visitors into the presence of a

sovereign, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gentleman usher of the black

rod</col>, <cd>an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter,

whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House

of Lords.</cd> -- <col>Gentlemen-at-arms</col>, <cd>a band of

forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions;

formerly called <xex>gentlemen pensioners<xex>.

<mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Gen"tle*man*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

qualities or condition of a gentleman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gen"tle*man*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gen"tle*man*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman;

well-behaved; courteous; polite.</def>



<hw>Gen"tle*man*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners.</def>



<hw>Gen"tle*man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The carriage or

quality of a gentleman.</def>



<hw>Gen"tle*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.;

gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.;

mildness.</def>



<hw>Gen"tle*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The deportment or

conduct of a gentleman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ascham.</au>



<hw>Gent"lesse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gentilesse;

gentleness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gen"tle*wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gentlewomen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A woman of good family or of good breeding; a

woman above the vulgar.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A woman who attends a lady of high rank.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gen"tly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a gentle

manner.</def>



<q>My mistress <qex>gently</qex> chides the fault I made.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Gen*too"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gentoos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Pg.

<ets>gentio</ets> gentile, heathen. See <er>Gentile</er>.]</ety>

<def>A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Gen"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>genterie</ets>, <ets>gentrie</ets>, noble birth, nobility,

cf. <ets>gentrise</ets>, and OF. <ets>gentelise</ets>,

<ets>genterise</ets>, E. <ets>gentilesse</ets>, also OE.

<ets>genteleri</ets> high-mindedness. See <er>Gent</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, <er>Gentle</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Birth; condition; rank by birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdPride of <xex>gentrie</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>She conquers him by high almighty Jove,

By knighthood, <qex>gentry</qex>, and sweet friendship's

oath.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>People of education and good breeding; in

England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and

the yeomanry.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Courtesy; civility; complaisance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To show us so much <qex>gentry</qex> and good will.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gen"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From F.

<ets>gentil</ets>. Cf. <er>Jaunty</er>.]</ety> <def>Neat;

trim.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ge"nu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. 

<plw>Genua</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., the knee.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The knee.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of

the brain.</def>



<hw>Gen`u*flect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Genuflected</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Genuflecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Genuflection</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend the knee, as in

worship.</def>



<hw>Gen`u*flec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82nuflexion</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>genuflexio</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>genu</ets> knee + <ets>flexio</ets> a bending, fr.

<ets>flectere</ets>, <ets>flexum</ets>, to bend. See

<er>Knee</er>, <er>Flexible</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of bending

the knee, particularly in worship.</def>



<au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au>



<hw>Gen"u*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>genuinus</ets>, fr. <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>,

to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. <ets>g\'82nuine</ets>. See

<er>Gender</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or proceeding from,

the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious,

false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure;

<as>as, a <ex>genuine</ex> text; a <ex>genuine</ex> production;

<ex>genuine</ex> materials.</as></def> \'bdTrue,

<xex>genuine</xex> night.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed;

unadulterated. See <er>Authentic</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Gen"u*ine*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Gen"u*ine*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>The evidence, both internal and external, against the

<qex>genuineness</qex> of these letters, is overwhelming.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ge"nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Genera</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., birth, race,

kind, sort; akin to Gr. <?/. See <er>Gender</er>, and cf.

<er>Benign</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A class of objects divided

into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a

species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of

the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An assemblage of species,

having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in

the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common

substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable

group of species, for it may often be divided into several

subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is

<xex>natural</xex> genus; if its definition can not be made

clear, it is more or less an <xex>artificial</xex> genus.</def>



<note><hand/ Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger,

cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in

the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus.

Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum

(<it>Nightshade</it>) and Carex (<it>Sedge</it>), others by few,

and some by only one known species.</note>



<cs><col>Subaltern genus</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a genus

which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by

<xex>quadruped<xex>, which is also a species of

<xex>mammal<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Summum genus</col> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>the highest genus; a genus which can not

be classed as a species, as <xex>being<xex> .</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ge"nys</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ the under jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Conys</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`o*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ge`o*cen"tric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ center: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82ocentrique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having reference to the earth as center; in

relation to or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to

<xex>heliocentric</xex>, as seen from the sun; <as>as, the

<ex>geocentric</ex> longitude or latitude of a planet</as>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having reference to the center of the

earth.</def>



<cs><col>Geocentric latitude</col><cd> (of place) the angle

included between the radius of the earth through the place and

the plane of the equator, in distinction from

<xex>geographic<xex> latitude. It is a little less than the

geographic latitude.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

geocentric manner.</def>



<hw>Ge*oc"ro*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth + <?/ Saturn, the alchemistic name of lead: cf. G.

<ets>geokronit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A lead-gray

or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of

sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of

arsenic.</def>



<hw>Ge`o*cyc"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth + <?/ circle .]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the

revolutions of the earth; <as>as, a <ex>geocyclic</ex>

machine</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Circling the earth periodically.</def>



<hw>Ge"ode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82ode</ets>, L. <ets>geodes</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ earthlike;

<?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined

with crystals or mineral matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

cavity in such a nodule.</def>



<-- p. 621 -->



<hw>Ge`o*deph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, earth + <?/ eating one's fill; gluttonous.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Living in the earth; -- applied to the

ground beetles.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`o*des"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ge`o*des"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82od\'82sique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to geodetic.</def>



<hw>Ge`o*des"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A geodetic line or

curve.</def>



<hw>Ge*od"e*sist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed

in geodesy.</def>



<hw>Ge*od"e*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to divide: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82od\'82sie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That

branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of

observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large

portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and

dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which

the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the

surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`o*det"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ge`o*det"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy;

engaged in geodesy; geodesic; <as>as, <ex>geodetic</ex>

surveying; <ex>geodetic</ex> observers.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Geodetic line</col> <or/ <col>curve</col></mcol>,

<cd>the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the

elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given

surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point

shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that

can be drawn on any surface between any two points.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a geodetic

manner; according to geodesy.</def>



<hw>Ge`o*det"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Geodesy</er>.</def>



<hw>Ge`o*dif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Geode</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Producing geodes; containing geodes.</def>



<hw>Ge"o*duck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[American

Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gigantic clam

(<spn>Glycimeris generosa</spn>) of the Pacific coast of North

America, highly valued as an article of food.</def>



<hw>Ge`og*no"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Geognosy</er>.]</ety> <def>Knowledge of the earth.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Ge"og*nost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82ognoste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in geognosy; a

geologist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`og*nos"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ge`og*nos"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82ognostique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the

earth; geological.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ge*og"no*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth + <?/ knowing, knowledge, fr. <?/ to know: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82ognosie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of geology which

treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general

exterior and interior constitution.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`o*gon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ge`o*gon"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82ogonique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

geogony, or to the formation of the earth.</def>



<hw>Ge*og"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth + <?/ generation, birth, fr. the root of <?/ to be

born: cf. F. <ets>g\'82ogonie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of

science which treats of the formation of the earth.</def>



<hw>Ge*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in geography.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ge`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>geographicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82ographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

geography.</def>



<cs><col>Geographical distribution</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Distribution</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geographic latitude</col><cd>

(of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or

normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and

the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric

latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure

and a true sphere.</cd> -- <col>Geographical mile</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Mile</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geographical variation</col>,

<cd>any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or

other geographical conditions.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

geographical manner or method; according to geography.</def>



<hw>Ge*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Geographies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82ographie</ets>, l. <ets>geographia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/;

<?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ description, fr. <?/ to write,

describe. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a

description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including

its structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the

people by whom it is inhabited.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A treatise on this science.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Astronomical</col>, <col>or

Mathematical</col></mcol>, <cd>geography treats of the earth as a

planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and

longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's

diurnal and annual motions.</cd> -- <col>Physical

geography</col><cd> treats of the conformation of the earth's

surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals,

plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to

the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Political geography</col><cd> treats of the

different countries into which earth is divided with regard to

political and social and institutions and conditions.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ge*ol"a*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>The worship of the

earth.</def>



<au>G. W. Cox.</au>



<caption><er>The Geological Series</er>.

<note><hand/ The science of geology, as treating of the history

of the globe, involves a description of the different strata

which compose its crust, their order of succession,

characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The

principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important

strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the

following diagram.</note></caption>

<-- illustration of geological periods, with rock layers, takes

one column from top to bottom of the page here -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge*ol"o*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ge`o*lo"gi*an</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A geologist.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ge`o*log"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82ologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

geology, or the science of the earth.</def>



<hw>Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a geological

manner.</def>



<hw>Ge*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>G\'82ologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in the science

of geology.</def>



<hw>Ge*ol"o*gize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Geologized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Geologizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To study geology or make

geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a

geologist.</def>



<q>During midsummer <qex>geologized</qex> a little in

Shropshire.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Ge*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Geologies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the

earth + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>g\'82ologie</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The science which treats: <sd>(a)</sd> Of the

structure and mineral constitution of the globe; <xex>structural

geology</xex>. <sd>(b)</sd> Of its history as regards rocks,

minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.;

<xex>historical geology</xex>. <sd>(c)</sd> Of the causes and

methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions

have been produced; <xex>dynamical geology</xex>. See Chart of

<er>The Geological Series</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A treatise on the science.</def>



<hw>Ge*om"a*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth + <?/ a leveling.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth,

to the force of gravitation.</def>



<hw>Ge"o*man`cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

practices, or is versed in, geomancy.</def>



<hw>Ge"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>geomance</ets>, <ets>geomancie</ets>, F.

<ets>g\'82omance</ets>, <ets>g\'82omancie</ets>, LL.

<ets>geomantia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/

divination.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination by means of figures

or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the

earth, and latterly on paper.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`o*man"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ge`o*man"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82omantique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining or

belonging to geomancy.</def>



<hw>Ge*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82om\'8atre</ets>, L. <ets>geometres</ets>,

<ets>geometra</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/

measure. See <er>Meter</er> measure.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician.</def>



<au>I. Watts.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of geometrid

moth; a geometrid.</def>



<hw>Ge*om"e*tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82om\'82tral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

geometry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ge`o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>geometricus</ets>; Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82om\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by

geometry; <as>as, a <ex>geometrical</ex> solution of a

problem</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Geometric</xex> is often used, as opposed to

<xex>algebraic</xex>, to include processes or solutions in which

the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather

than those of algebra.</note>



<note><hand/ <xex>Geometrical</xex> is often used in a limited or

strictly technical sense, as opposed to <xex>mechanical</xex>;

thus, a construction or solution is <xex>geometrical</xex> which

can be made by ruler and compasses, <xex>i</xex>. <xex>e</xex>.,

by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or

solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line

or circle as would generate any other curve, is not

<xex>geometrical</xex>, but <xex>mechanical</xex>. By another

distinction, a <xex>geometrical</xex> solution is one obtained by

the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is

exact; while a <xex>mechanical</xex> solution is one obtained by

trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is

only approximate and empirical.</note>



<cs><col>Geometrical curve</col>. <cd>Same as <xex>Algebraic

curve<xex>; -- so called because their different points may be

constructed by the operations of elementary geometry.</cd> --

<col>Geometric lathe</col>, <cd>an instrument for engraving bank

notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; --

called also <altname>cycloidal engine</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Geometrical pace</col>, <cd>a measure of five feet.</cd> --

<col>Geometric pen</col>, <cd>an instrument for drawing geometric

curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a

revolving arm of ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by

changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm.</cd> --

<col>Geometrical plane</col> <fld>(Persp.)</fld>, <cd>the same as

<altname>Ground plane</altname> .</cd> -- <mcol><col>Geometrical

progression</col>, <col>proportion</col>,

<col>ratio</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Progression</er>,

<er>Proportion</er> and <er>Ratio</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geometrical

radius</col>, <cd>in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a

cogwheel.</cd> <au>Knight</au>. -- <col>Geometric spider</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of many species of spiders, which

spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to <spn>Epeira</spn>

and allied genera, as the garden spider. See <er>Garden

spider</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geometric square</col>, <cd>a portable

instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining

distances and heights by measuring angles.</cd> --

<col>Geometrical staircase</col>, <cd>one in which the stairs are

supported by the wall at one end only.</cd> -- <col>Geometrical

tracery</col>, <cd>in architecture and decoration, tracery

arranged in geometrical figures.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 622 -->



<hw>Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>According to the rules or laws of geometry.</def>



<hw>Ge*om`e*tri"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.</def>



<hw>Ge*om"e*trid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining or belonging to the

<xex>Geometrid\'91</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ge*om"e*trid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family

<xex>Geometrid\'91</xex>; -- so called because their larv\'91

(called <xex>loopers</xex>, <xex>measuring worms</xex>,

<xex>spanworms</xex>, and <xex>inchworms</xex>) creep in a

looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are

injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.</def>



<hw>Ge*om"e*trize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Geometrized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Geometrizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To investigate or apprehend

geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical

constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of

geometry.</def>



<q>Nature <qex>geometrizeth</qex>, and observeth order in all

things.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Ge*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>; <plu>pl</plu>.

<plw>Geometries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82om\'82trie</ets>, L. <ets>geometria</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ to measure land; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to measure. So

called because one of its earliest and most important

applications was to the measurement of the earth's surface. See

<er>Geometer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That branch of

mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and

measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science

which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the

science of the relations of space.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A treatise on this science.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Analytical, <or/ Co\'94rdinate</col>,

<col>geometry</col></mcol>, <cd>that branch of mathematical

analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of

the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes.</cd> --

<col>Descriptive geometry</col>, <cd>that part of geometry which

treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three

dimensions.</cd> -- <col>Elementary geometry</col>, <cd>that part

of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight

lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces,

the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone.</cd> -- <col>Higher

geometry</col>, <cd>that pert of geometry which treats of those

properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less

simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the

second and higher degrees.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ge*oph"a*gism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, earth + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>The act or habit of eating

earth. See <cref>Dirt eating</cref>, under <er>Dirt</er>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ge*oph"a*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.</def>



<hw>Ge*oph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Earth-eating.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ge*oph"i*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr.<?/, <?/, earth + <?/ to love.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Mollusca which

includes the land snails and slugs.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge`o*pon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ge`o*pon"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/,

earth + <?/ toilsome, fr. <?/ labor: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82oponique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to tillage of

the earth, or agriculture.</def>



<hw>Ge`o*pon"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/:

cf. F. <ets>g\'82oponique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or science

of cultivating the earth; agriculture.</def>



<au>Evelin.</au>



<hw>Ge`o*ra"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth + <?/ sight, view, <?/ to see, view: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82orama</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hollow globe on the inner

surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined

by one standing inside.</def>



<hw>Geor"die</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name given

by miners to <xex>George</xex> Stephenson's safety lamp.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>George</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>George</ets>, or <ets>Georges</ets>, a proper name, fr. Gr.

<?/ husbandman, laborer; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to work; akin

to E. <ets>work</ets>. See <er>Work</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A figure of St. George (the patron saint of

England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the

Garter. See <er>Garter</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of brown loaf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>George" no`ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from the

image of St. <ets>George</ets> on it.]</ety> <def>A gold noble of

the time of Henry VIII. See <er>Noble</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Geor"gi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of

the United States.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or relating to the reigns of the four

Georges, kings of Great Britan; <as>as, the <ex>Georgian</ex>

era</as>.</def>

<-- five? -->



<hw>Geor"gi*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of, or dweller

in, Georgia.</def>



<hw>Geor"gic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>georgicum</ets> (sc. <ets>carmen</ets>), and

<ets>georgica</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/, and <?/: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82orgiques</ets>, pl. See <er>Georgic</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A rural poem; a poetical composition on

husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; <as>as,

the <ex>Georgics</ex> of Virgil</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Geor"gic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Geor"gic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>georgicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ tillage, agriculture: cf.

F. <ets>g\'82orgique</ets>. See <er>George</er>.]</ety>

<def>Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.</def>



<hw>\'d8Geor"gi*um Si`dus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[NL., the star

of <ets>George</ets> (III. of England).]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The planet Uranus, so named by its

discoverer, Sir W. Herschel.</def>



<hw>Ge*os"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth + <ets>-scopy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>g\'82oscopie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Knowledge of the earth,

ground, or soil, obtained by inspection.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>Ge`o*se*len"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ moon.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the

earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations

of the earth and moon; <as>as, <ex>geoselenic</ex>

phenomena</as>.</def>



<hw>Ge`o*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, earth + E. <ets>static</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil

Engin.)</fld> <def>Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or

similar substance.</def>



<cs><col>Geostatic arch</col>, <cd>an arch having a form adapted

to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth.</cd></cs>



<au>Rankine.</au>



<hw>Ge`o*syn*cli"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, the earth + E. <ets>synclinal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>the downward bend or subsidence of the

earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of

sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a

mountain range; -- opposed to <xex>geanticlinal</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + E. <ets>thermometer</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A thermometer specially constructed for

measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the

ground.</def>



<hw>Ge*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/,

the earth.]</ety> <def>Belonging to earth; terrestrial.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ge`o*trop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Geotropism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to,

or showing, geotropism.</def>



<hw>Ge*ot"ro*pism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A

disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence

of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an

organ.</def>



<note><hand/ In plants, organs which grow towards the center of

the earth are said to be <xex>positively geotropic</xex>, and

those growing in the opposite direction <xex>negatively

geotropic</xex>. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to

have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of

division of the ovum.</note>



<hw>\'d8Ge*phyr"e*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a dam, a bridge.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marine Annelida, in which

the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and

is mostly without set\'91.</def>



<hw>Ge*phyr"e*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Gephyrea. --

<pos>n.</pos> One of the Gerphyrea.</def>



<hw>Ge*phyr"e*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gephyrea</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Gephyrean.</def>



<hw>Ge*pound"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gipoun</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ge"rah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>g<?/rah</ets>, lit., a bean.]</ety> <fld>(Jewish

Antiq.)</fld> <def>A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a

shekel.</def>



<note><hand/ The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth

about three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight

equivalent to about thirteen grains.</note>



<hw>Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of

pants (<spn>Geraniace\'91</spn>) which includes the genera

Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ge*ra"ni*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ger"a*nine</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Geranium</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A valuable astringet obtained

from the root of the <spn>Geranium maculatum</spn> or

crane's-bill.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid terpene, obtained

from the crane's-bill (<spn>Geranium maculatum</spn>), and having

a peculiar mulberry odor.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>geranium</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ge*ra"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/, from <?/ crane: cf. F. <ets>g\'82ranium</ets>. See

<er>Crane</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants having a

beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are

arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints.

Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called

sometimes <xex>crane's-bill</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Floriculture)</fld> <def>A cultivated

pelargonium.</def>



<note><hand/ Many plants referred to the genus

<spn>Geranium</spn> by the earlier botanists are now separated

from it under the name of <spn>Pelargonium</spn>, which includes

all the commonly cultivated \'bdgeraniums\'b8, mostly natives of

South Africa.</note>



<hw>Ge"rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82rant</ets>.]</ety> <def>The manager or acting partner

of a company, joint-stock association, etc.</def>



<hw>Gerbe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., prop. a

sheaf.]</ety> <fld>(Pyrotechny)</fld> <def>A kind of ornamental

firework.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ger"bil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Ger`bille"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>gerbille</ets>.

Cf. <er>Jerboa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus

<spn>Gerbillus</spn>. In their leaping powers they resemble the

jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.</def>



<hw>Ger*bo"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The jerboa.</def>



<hw>Gere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gear.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ge"rent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gerens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>gerere</ets> to

bear, manage.]</ety> <def>Bearing; carrying.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ger"fal`con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gyrfalcon</er>.</def>



<hw>Ger"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>girer</ets> to twirl, E. <ets>gyrate</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Changeable; capricious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw><hw>Ger"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ger"lond</hw></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A garland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ger"lind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A salmon returning from the sea the

second time.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Germ</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>germe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>germen</ets>, <ets>germinis</ets>,

sprout, but, germ. Cf. <er>Germen</er>, <er>Germane</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That which is to develop a

new individual; <as>as, the <ex>germ</ex> of a fetus, of a plant

or flower, and the like</as>; the earliest form under which an

organism appears.</def>



<q>In the entire process in which a new being originates . . .

two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of

generation by which the <qex>germ</qex> is produced; and the act

of development, by which that <qex>germ</qex> is evolved into the

complete organism.</q>

<qau>Carpenter.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That from which anything springs; origin; first

principle; <as>as, the <ex>germ</ex> of civil liberty</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Disease germ</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a name

applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such

as <xex>Anthrax bacillus<xex> and the <spn>Micrococcus</spn> of

fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of

certain diseases. See <cref>Germ theory</cref> (bellow).</cd> --

<col>Germ cell</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the germ, egg,

spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time

a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and

by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of

cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent.

See <er>Ovum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Germ gland</col>.

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gonad</er>.</cd> -- <col>Germ

stock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a special process on which

buds are developed in certain animals. See

<er>Doliolum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Germ theory</col>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the theory that living organisms can be

produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or

seeds. See <er>Biogenesis</er>, and <er>Abiogenesis</er>. As

applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the

zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and

multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which

are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred

through the air or water. See <cref>Fermentation

theory</cref>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Germ</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

germinate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>J. Morley.</au>



<hw>Ger*main"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Germane</er>.</def>



<hw>Ger"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>german</ets>, <ets>germain</ets>, F. <ets>germain</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>germanus</ets> full, own (said of brothers and sisters

who have the same parents); akin to <ets>germen</ets> germ. Cf.

<er>Germ</er>, <er>Germane</er>.]</ety> <def>Nearly related;

closely akin.</def>



<q>Wert thou a leopard, thou wert <qex>german</qex> to the

lion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Brother german</col>. <cd>See <er>Brother

german</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cousins german</col>. <cd>See the Note

under <er>Cousin</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ger"man</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl</plu>.

<plw>Germans</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[L. <ets>Germanus</ets>,

prob. of Celtis origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or one

of the people of Germany.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The German language.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A round dance, often with a waltz

movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A social party at which the german is

danced.</def>



<cs><col>High German</col>, <cd>the Teutonic dialect of Upper or

Southern Germany, -- comprising <xex>Old High German<xex>, used

from the 8th to the 11th century; <xex>Middle H. G<xex>., from

the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or <xex>New H. G<xex>.,

the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German

literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the

modern literary language, are often called <xex>Middle

German<xex>, and the Southern German dialects <xex>Upper

German<xex>; but <xex>High German<xex> is also used to cover both

groups.</cd> -- <col>Low German</col>, <cd>the language of

Northern Germany and the Netherlands, -- including

<stype>Friesic</stype>; <stype>Anglo-Saxon</stype> or

<stype>Saxon</stype>; <stype>Old Saxon</stype>;

<stype>Dutch</stype> or <stype>Low Dutch</stype>, with its

dialect, <stype>Flemish</stype>; and <stype>Plattdeutsch</stype>

(called also <altname>Low German</altname>), spoken in many

dialects.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ger"man</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Germanus</ets>. See

<er>German</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Germany.</def>



<cs><col>German Baptists</col>. <cd>See <er>Dunker</er>.</cd> --

<col>German bit</col>, <cd>a wood-boring tool, having a long

elliptical pod and a scew point.</cd> -- <col>German carp</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the crucian carp.</cd> -- <col>German

millet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of millet

(<spn>Setaria Italica</spn>, var.), whose seed is sometimes used

for food.</cd> -- <col>German paste</col>, <cd>a prepared food

for caged birds.</cd> -- <col>German process</col>

<fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the process of reducing copper ore in a

blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary.

<au>Raymond</au>.</cd> -- <col>German sarsaparilla</col>, <cd>a

substitute for sarsaparilla extract.</cd> -- <col>German

sausage</col>, <cd>a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly

cooked.</cd> -- <col>German silver</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and

ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel,

copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made

from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is

sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially

identical with the Chinese alloy <altname>packfong</altname>. It

was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames,

cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded

by other white alloys.</cd> -- <col>German steel</col>

<fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a metal made from bog iron ore in a

forge, with charcoal for fuel.</cd> -- <col>German text</col>

<fld>(Typog.)</fld>, <cd>a character resembling modern German

type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as

in the words,



<note><hand/ <germantype><point10>This line is German

Text.</point10></germantype></note>

</cd>



-- <col>German tinder</col>. <cd>See <er>Amadou</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ger*man"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>germaunder</ets>, F. <ets>germandr\'82e</ets>, It.

<ets>calamandrea</ets>, L. <ets>chamaedrys</ets>, fr. Gr.<?/; <?/

on the earth or ground + <?/ tree. See <er>Humble</er>, and

<er>Tree</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Teucrium</spn> (esp. <spn>Teucrium Cham\'91drys</spn> or

wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs.</def>



<cs><col>American germander</col>, <cd><spn>Teucrium

Canadense</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Germander chickweed</col>,

<cd><spn>Veronica agrestis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Water

germander</col>, <cd><spn>Teucrium Scordium</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Wood germander</col>, <cd><spn>Teucrium

Scorodonia</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ger*mane"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>German</er> akin, nearly related.]</ety> <def>Literally, near

akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting;

relevant.</def>



<q>The phrase would be more <qex>germane</qex> to the matter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>[An amendment] must be <qex>germane</qex>.</q>

<qau>Barclay (Digest).</qau>



<hw>Ger*man"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing,

germanium.</def>



<hw>Ger*man"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Germanicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>germanique</ets>. See

<er>German</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to Germany; <as>as, the <ex>Germanic</ex>

confederacy</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Teutonic.</def> <mark>[A loose sense]</mark>



<hw>Ger"man*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>germanisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An idiom of the

German language.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A characteristic of the Germans; a

characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism.</def>



<au>J. W. Alexander.</au>



<hw>Ger*ma"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

L. <ets>Germania</ets> Germany.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore

(<xex>argyrodite</xex>) at Freiberg. It is a brittle,

silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals

and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with

the predicted <xex>ekasilicon</xex>. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight

72.3.</def>



<hw>Ger`man*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of Germanizing.</def>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<hw>Ger"man*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Germanized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.  & vb. n.</pos> <er>Germanizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To make German, or like what is

distinctively German; <as>as, to <ex>Germanize</ex> a province, a

language, a society</as>.</def>



<hw>Ger"man*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To reason or write

after the manner of the Germans.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ger*ma"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Germ</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An organ in

which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.</def>



<-- p. 623 -->



<hw>Ger"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Germens</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Germina</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Germ</er>.</def>



<hw>Ger"mi*ci`dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Germicide.</def>



<hw>Ger"mi*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Germ</ets> +L. <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Destructive to germs; -- applied to any

agent which has a destructive action upon living germs,

particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered

the cause of many infectious diseases.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A germicide agent.</def></def2>



<hw>Ger"mi*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Germ</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining or belonging to a germ;

<as>as, the <ex>germinal</ex> vesicle</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Germinal layers</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the two

layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form

respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A

third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and

lies between these two, is sometimes included.</cd> --

<col>Germinal membrane</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>Same as

<er>Blastoderm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Germinal spot</col>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the nucleolus of the ovum.</cd> --

<col>Germinal vesicle</col>, <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>, the nucleus

of the ovum of animals.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ger`mi*nal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Germ</er> .]</ety> <def>The seventh month of the French

republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended

April 19. See <er>Vend\'90miaire</er>.</def>



<hw>Ger"mi*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>germinans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets>]</ety> <def>Sprouting;

sending forth germs or buds.</def>



<hw>Ger"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Germinated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Germinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>germinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>germinare</ets> to sprout,

fr. <ets>germen</ets>. See <er>Germ</er>.]</ety> <def>To sprout;

to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed;

to begin to develop, as a germ.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ger"mi*nate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to

sprout.</def>



<au>Price (1610).</au>



<hw>Ger`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>germinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>germination</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or

growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either

animal or vegetable.</def>



<cs><col>Germination apparatus</col>, <cd>an apparatus for

malting grain.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ger"mi*na*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>germinatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to germination;

having power to bud or develop.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Germinative spot</col>, <col>Germinative

vesicle</col></mcol>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>Same as

<xex>Germinal spot<xex>, <xex>Germinal vesicle<xex>, under

<er>Germinal</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ger`mi*par"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Germ</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to produce.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction by means of germs.</def>



<hw>Germ"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without germs.</def>



<hw>Ger"mo*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Germ</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A polynuclear mass of

protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain

ova are developed.</def> <au>Balfour</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

primitive cell in certain embryonic forms.</def>

<au>Balfour</au>.



<hw>Germ" plasm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Plasmogen</er>, and <er>Idioplasm</er>.</def>



<hw>Germ"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. fr.

<ets>germ</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small

germ.</def>



<hw>Gern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Grin</er>.]</ety> <def>To grin or yawn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did

<xex>gern</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ger"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A garner.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ger`o*co"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Gerocomy</er>.</def>



<hw>Ger`o*com"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to gerocomy.</def>



<au>Dr. John Smith.</au>



<hw>Ge*roc"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82rocomie</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ an old man + <?/ to take

care of.]</ety> <def>That part of medicine which treats of

regimen for old people.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ge*ron"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld>

<def>Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings,

constituted the supreme civil authority.</def>



<hw>Ger`on*toc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, an old man + <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>Government by old

men.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gladstone.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ger`o*pig"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>geropiga</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mixture composed of

unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of

wines.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jerupigia</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>-ger*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>-ger</ets>, fr.

<ets>gerere</ets> to bear, carry. See <er>Jest</er>.]</ety>

<def>A suffix signifying <xex>bearing</xex>,

<xex>producing</xex>; <as>as, calci<ex>gerous</ex>;

denti<ex>gerous</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Ger`ry*man"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gerrymandered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gerrymandering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To divide (a State)

into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural

and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an

advantage over its opponent.</def> <mark>[Political Cant, U.

S.]</mark>



<note><hand/ This was done in Massachusetts at a time when

Elbridge <xex>Gerry</xex> was governor, and was attributed to his

influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was

opposed to the measure.</note>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Ger"und</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gerundium</ets>, fr. <ets>gerere</ets> to bear, carry,

perform. See <er>Gest</er> a deed, <er>Jest</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Lat. Gram.)</fld>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of verbal noun, having only the four

oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a

participle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(AS. Gram.)</fld> <def>A verbal noun ending in

-<xex>e</xex>, preceded by <xex>to</xex> and usually denoting

<xex>purpose</xex> or <xex>end</xex>; -- called also the

<altname>dative infinitive</altname>; <as>as, \'bdIc h\'91bbe

mete t\'93 <ex>etanne</ex>\'b8 (I have meat to

<ex>eat</ex></as>.) In Modern English the name has been applied

to verbal or participal nouns in -<xex>ing</xex> denoting a

transitive action; <it>e. g.</it>, by <xex>throwing</xex> a

stone.</def>



<hw>Ge*run"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or resembling, a gerund; <as>as, a <ex>gerundial</ex>

use</as>.</def>



<hw>Ge*run"dive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gerundivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or partaking

of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Lat. Gram.)</fld> <def>The future

passive participle; <as>as, <ex>amandus</ex>, <it>i. e.</it>, to

be loved</as>.</def></def2>



<hw>Ge*run"dive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a

gerund; <as>as, or in place of, a gerund</as>.</def>



<hw>Ger"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gerful</er>.]</ety> <def>Changeable; fickle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ges"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

gosling.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gesse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To

guess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A guest.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>geste</ets> exploit. See <er>Jest</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Something done or achieved; a deed or an action;

an adventure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An action represented in sports, plays, or on

the stage; show; ceremony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mede.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock

story.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Gesture; bearing; deportment.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Through his heroic grace and honorable <qex>gest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Gest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gist</er>

a resting place.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging

in a journey or progress; a rest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Kersey.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A roll recting the several stages arranged for a

royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's

office.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hanmer.</au>



<hw>Ges"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gestans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of

<ets>gestare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing within; laden; burdened;

pregnant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdClouds <xex>gestant</xex>

with heat.\'b8



<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>



<hw>Ges*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gestatio</ets> a bearing, carrying, fr. <ets>gestare</ets>

to bear, carry, intens. fr. <ets>gerere</ets>, <ets>gestum</ets>,

to bear: cf. F. <ets>gestation</ets>. See <er>Gest</er> deed,

<er>Jest</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments).</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of carrying young in the womb from

conception to delivery; pregnancy.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on

horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own

powers; passive exercise.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ges"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gestatorius</ets> that serves for carrying: cf. F.

<ets>gestatoire</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being carried or worn.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<hw>Geste</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To tell

stories or gests.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ges"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gest</er> a deed, <er>Gesture</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms;

legendary.</def>



<q>And the gay grandsire, skilled in <qex>gestic</qex> lore.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to bodily motion; consisting of

gestures; -- said especially with reference to dancing.</def>



<q>Carried away by the enthusiasm of the <qex>gestic</qex>

art.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Ges*tic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gesticulated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gesticulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>gesticulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gesticulari</ets> to

gesticulate, fr. <ets>gesticulus</ets> a mimic gesture,

gesticulation, dim. of <ets>gestus</ets> gesture, fr.

<ets>gerere</ets>, <ets>gestum</ets>, to bear, carry, peform. See

<er>Gestic</er>.]</ety> <def>To make gestures or motions, as in

speaking; to use postures.</def>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Ges*tic"u*late</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To represent by

gesture; to act.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Ges*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gesticulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gesticulation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to

express passion or enforce sentiments.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in

speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing

arguments and sentiments.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Antic tricks or motions.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Ges*tic"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who gesticulates.</def>



<hw>Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Representing by, or belonging to, gestures.</def>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Ges"tour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gest</er> a deed.]</ety> <def>A reciter of gests or legendary

tales; a story-teller.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Minstrels and <qex>gestours</qex> for to tell tales.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Ges"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

gesture.</def>



<hw>Ges"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>gestura</ets> mode of action, fr. L. <ets>gerere</ets>,

<ets>gestum</ets>, to bear, behave, perform, act. See

<er>Gest</er> a deed.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Manner of carrying

the body; position of the body or limbs; posture.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a <qex>gesture</qex>

used by many nations.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A motion of the body or limbs expressive of

sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express

an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument,

assertion, or opinion.</def>



<q>Humble and reverent <qex>gestures</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye,

In every <qex>gesture</qex> dignity and love.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ges"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gestured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Gesturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To accompany or

illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate.</def>



<q>It is not orderly read, nor <qex>gestured</qex> as

beseemeth.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<hw>Ges"ture</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make gestures; to

gesticulate.</def>



<q>The players . . . <qex>gestured>/qex> not undecently

withal.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Ges"ture*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from

gestures.</def>



<hw>Ges"ture*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

making gestures; gesturing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Get</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Jet, the

mineral.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Get</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>get</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fashion; manner;

custom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Artifice; contrivance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Get</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Got</er> <pr>(?)</pr>

(<mark>Obs</mark>. <er>Gat</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>); <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Got</er> (<mark>Obsolescent</mark> <er>Gotten</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Getting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>geten</ets>, AS.

<ets>gitan</ets>, <ets>gietan</ets> (in comp.); akin to Icel.

<ets>geta</ets>, Goth. bi<ets>gitan</ets> to find, L.

pre<ets>hendere</ets> to seize, take, Gr. <?/ to hold, contain.

Cf. <er>Comprehend</er>, <er>Enterprise</er>, <er>Forget</er>,

<er>Impregnable</er>, <er>Prehensile</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to

acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to

win, by almost any means; <as>as, to <ex>get</ex> favor by

kindness; to <ex>get</ex> wealth by industry and economy; to

<ex>get</ex> favor by kindness; to <ex>get</ex> wealth by

industry and economy; to <ex>get</ex> land by purchase,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, with <xex>have</xex> and <xex>had</xex>,

to come into or be in possession of; to have.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<q>Thou hast <qex>got</qex> the face of man.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To beget; to procreate; to generate.</def>



<q>I had rather to adopt a child than <qex>get</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to

commit to memory; to memorize; as to <xex>get</xex> a lesson;

also with <xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>get</ex> out one's Greek

lesson</as>.</def>



<q>It being harder with him to <qex>get</qex> one sermon by

heart, than to pen twenty.</q>

<qau>Bp. Fell.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.</def>



<q><qex>Get</qex> him to say his prayers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state

or condition; -- with a following participle.</def>



<q>Those things I bid you do; <qex>get</qex> them dispatched.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive

use.</def>



<q><qex>Get</qex> thee out from this land.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxxi. 13.</qau>



<q>He . . . <qex>got</qex> himself . . . to the strong town of

Mega.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Get</xex>, as a transitive verb, is combined

with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the

effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion

indicated by the preposition; thus, <xex>to get in</xex>, to

cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, <xex>to get in</xex>

the hay; <xex>to get out</xex>, to make come forth, to extract;

<xex>to get off</xex>, to take off, to remove; <xex>to get

together</xex>, to cause to come together, to collect.</note>



<cs><col>To get by heart</col>, <cd>to commit to memory.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To get the better of</col>, <col>To get the best

of</col></mcol>, <cd>to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to

subdue.</cd> -- <col>To get up</col>, <cd>to cause to be

established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to

invent; as, <xex>to get up<xex> a celebration, a machine, a book,

an agitation.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See

<er>Obtain</er>.</syn>



<hw>Get</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to

be increased.</def>



<q>We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily

<qex>get</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state,

condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with a

following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject

of the verb; <as>as, to <ex>get</ex> sober; to <ex>get</ex>

awake; to <ex>get</ex> beaten; to <ex>get</ex>

elected.</as></def>



<q>To <qex>get</qex> rid of fools and scoundrels.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>His chariot wheels <qex>get</qex> hot by driving fast.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<note><hand/ It [<it>get</it>] gives to the English language a

middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither

active nor passive. Thus we say to <xex>get</xex> acquitted,

beaten, confused, dressed.

<au>Earle.</au></note>



<note><hand/ <xex>Get</xex>, as an intransitive verb, is used

with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate,

on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the

kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general

sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to

arrive, etc.; as, <xex>to get away</xex>, to leave to escape; to

disengage one's self from; <xex>to get down</xex>, to descend,

esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation;

<xex>to get along</xex>, to make progress; hence, to prosper,

succeed, or fare; <xex>to get in</xex>, to enter; <xex>to get

out</xex>, to extricate one's self, to escape; <xex>to get

through</xex>, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; <xex>to

get to</xex>, to arrive at, to reach; <xex>to get off</xex>, to

alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come

off clear; <xex>to get together</xex>, to assemble, to

convene.</note>



<cs><col>To get ahead</col>, <cd>to advance; to prosper.</cd> --

<col>To get along</col>, <cd>to proceed; to advance; to

prosper.</cd> -- <col>To get a mile</col><cd> (or other

distance), to pass over it in traveling.</cd> -- <col>To get

among</col>, <cd>to go or come into the company of; to become one

of a number.</cd> -- <col>To get asleep</col>, <cd>to fall

asleep.</cd> -- <col>To get astray</col>, <cd>to wander out of

the right way.</cd> -- <col>To get at</col>, <cd>to reach; to

make way to.</cd> <col>To get away with</col>, <cd>to carry off;

to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat.</cd> --

<col>To get back</col>, <cd>to arrive at the place from which one

departed; to return.</cd> -- <col>To get before</col>, <cd>to

arrive in front, or more forward.</cd> -- <col>To get

behind</col>, <cd>to fall in the rear; to lag.</cd> -- <col>To

get between</col>, <cd>to arrive between.</cd> -- <col>To get

beyond</col>, <cd>to pass or go further than; to exceed; to

surpass. \'bdThree score and ten is the age of man, a few

<xex>get beyond<xex> it.\'b8 <au>Thackeray</au>.</cd> -- <col>To

get clear</col>, <cd>to disengage one's self; to be released, as

from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from

danger or embarrassment.</cd> -- <col>To get drunk</col>, <cd>to

become intoxicated.</cd> -- <col>To get forward</col>, <cd>to

proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth.</cd>

-- <col>To get home</col>, <cd>to arrive at one's dwelling, goal,

or aim.</cd> -- <col>To get into</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

enter, as, \'bdshe prepared <xex>to get into<xex> the coach.\'b8

<au>Dickens</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pass into, or reach;

as, \'bd as, \'bd a language has <xex>got into<xex> the inflated

state.\'b8 <au>Keary</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To get</col>

<col>loose <or/  free</col></mcol>, <cd>to disengage one's self;

to be released from confinement.</cd> -- <col>To get near</col>,

<cd>to approach within a small distance.</cd> -- <col>To get

on</col>, <cd>to proceed; to advance; to prosper.</cd> -- <col>To

get over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pass over, surmount, or

overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

recover from, as an injury, a calamity.</cd> -- <col>To get

through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pass through something.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To finish what one was doing.</cd> -- <col>To

get up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To rise; to arise, as from a bed,

chair, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To ascend; to climb, as a hill,

a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Get</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Offspring; progeny; <as>as, the

<ex>get</ex> of a stallion</as>.</def>



<hw>Get"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.

p.</pos> of <er>Get</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Geth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>the original <pos>third pers.

sing. pres.</pos> of Go.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Get"-pen`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something

which gets or gains money; a successful affair.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Get"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may be

obtained.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Get"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who gets,

gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates.</def>



<hw>Get"ter*up`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who contrives,

makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book, a machine,

etc.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>A diligent <qex>getter-up</qex> of miscellaneous works.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Get"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.</def>



<q>With all thy <qex>getting</qex>, get understanding.</q>

<qau>Prov. iv. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is got or obtained; gain;

profit.</def>



<hw>Get"-up</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>General

composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing

are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>H. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Gew"gaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gigawe</ets>, <ets>gugawe</ets>, <ets>gewgaude</ets>, prob.

the same word as OE. <ets>givegove</ets> gewgaw, apparently a

reduplicated form fr. AS. <ets>gifan</ets> to give; cf. also F.

<ets>joujou</ets> plaything, and E. <ets>gaud</ets>,

<pos>n.</pos> See <er>Give</er>, and cf.

<er>Giffgaff</er>.]</ety> <def>A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid

plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble.</def>



<q>A heavy <qex>gewgaw</qex> called a crown.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Gew"gaw</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Showy; unreal;

pretentious.</def>



<q>Seeing his <qex>gewgaw</qex> castle shine.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Gey"ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>geysir</ets>, fr. <ets>geysa</ets> to rush furiously, fr.

<ets>gj<?/sa</ets> to gush. Cf. <er>Gush</er>.]</ety> <def>A

boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of

water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of

steam.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Geysers</xex> were first known in Iceland, and

later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United

States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful,

throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet.

They are grouped in several areas called <xex>geyser

basins</xex>. The mineral matter, or <xex>geyserite</xex>, with

which geyser water is charged, forms <xex>geyser cones</xex>

about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.</note>



<-- p. 624 -->



<hw>Gey"ser*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Geyser</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A loose hydrated

form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary

cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and

geysers.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ghar"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>g\'be<?/i</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any wheeled cart or

carriage.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<hw>Ghast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gasten</ets>. See <er>Ghastly</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To strike aghast; to affright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Ghasted</qex> by the noise I made.

Full suddenly he fled.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ghast"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ghastly</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Fit to make one

aghast; dismal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>Ghast"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ghast"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being ghastly; a deathlike look.</def>



<hw>Ghast"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Ghastlier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Ghastliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gastlich</ets>, <ets>gastli</ets>, fearful, causing fear,

fr. <ets>gasten</ets> to terrify, AS. <ets>g\'91stan</ets>. Cf.

<er>Aghast</er>, <er>Gast</er>, <er>Gaze</er>,

<er>Ghostly</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like a ghost in

appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal.</def>



<q>Each turned his face with a <qex>ghastly</qex> pang.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<q>His face was so <qex>ghastly</qex> that it could scarcely be

recognized.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.</def>



<q>Mangled with <qex>ghastly</qex> wounds through plate and

mail.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ghast"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a ghastly manner;

hideously.</def>



<q>Staring full <qex>ghastly</qex> like a strangled man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ghast"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ghastliness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<qau>Shak.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ghat Ghaut</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. <ets>gh\'bet</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A pass through a mountain.</def>

<mark>[India]</mark>



<au>J. D. Hooker.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A range of mountains.</def>



<au>Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a

wharf.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<au>Malcom.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gha*wa"zi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Egyptian dancing girls, of a

lower sort than the almeh.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ghe"ber Ghe"bre</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pers. <ets>ghebr</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>Gu\'8abre</ets>. Cf. <er>Giaour</er>.]</ety> <def>A

worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.</def>



<hw>Ghee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>gh\'c6</ets> clarified butter, Skr.

<ets>gh<?/ta</ets>.]</ety> <def>Butter clarified by boiling, and

thus converted into a kind of oil.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<au>Malcom.</au>



<hw>Gher"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>agurkje</ets>, a dim. akin to G. <ets>gurke</ets>, Dan.

<ets>ag<?/rke</ets>; cf. Pol. <ets>og\'a2rek</ets>, Bohem.

<ets>okurka</ets>, LGr. <?/ watermelon, Ar.

<ets>al-khiy\'ber</ets>, Per. <ets>khiy\'ber</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of small, prickly

cucumber, much used for pickles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sea

gherkin</er>.</def>



<hw>Ghess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Guess</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ghet"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<def>The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.</def>



<q>I went to the <qex>Ghetto</qex>, where the Jews dwell.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<-- 2. by extension, any section of a town inhabited

predominantly by members of a specific ethnic, national or racial

group, such segregation usually arising from social or economic

pressure.  3. (fig.) any isolated group of people. 4. (fig) any

group isolated by external pressures, with an implication of

inferiority.



Ghettoize v.  -->



<hw>Ghib"el*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>Ghibellino</ets>; of German origin.]</ety> <fld>(It.

Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th

centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the

Guelfs, or adherents of the poses.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ghole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ghoul</er>.</def>



<hw>Ghost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gast</ets>, <ets>gost</ets>, soul, spirit, AS.

<ets>g\'best</ets> breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS.

<ets>g<?/st</ets> spirit, soul, D. <ets>geest</ets>, G.

<ets>geist</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>gaze</ets>,

<ets>ghastly</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The spirit; the soul of man.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Then gives her grieved <qex>ghost</qex> thus to lament.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a

deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a

specter.</def>



<q>The mighty <qex>ghosts</qex> of our great Harrys rose.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I thought that I had died in sleep,

And was a blessed <qex>ghost</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial

image; a phantom; a glimmering; <as>as, not a <ex>ghost</ex> of a

chance; the <ex>ghost</ex> of an idea.</as></def>



<q>Each separate dying ember wrought its <qex>ghost</qex> upon

the floor.</q>

<qau>Poe.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A false image formed in a telescope by

reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses.</def>



<cs><col>Ghost moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large

European moth <spn>(Hepialus humuli)</spn>; so called from the

white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; --

called also <altname>great swift</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Holy

Ghost</col>, <cd>the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter;

<fld>(Theol.)</fld> the third person in the Trinity.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To</col> <col>give up <or/ yield up</col> <col>the

ghost</col></mcol>, <cd>to die; to expire.</cd></cs>



<q>And he <qex>gave up the ghost</qex> full softly.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Jacob . . . <qex>yielded up the ghost</qex>, and was gathered

unto his people</q>.

<qau>Gen. xlix. 33.</qau>



<hw>Ghost</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To die; to expire.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Ghost</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To appear to or haunt in

the form of an apparition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ghost"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pale ubspotted variety of the

wrymouth.</def>



<hw>Ghost"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without life or

spirit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ghost"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

ghost; ghastly.</def>



<hw>Ghost"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

ghostly.</def>



<hw>Ghost"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gastlich</ets>,

<ets>gostlich</ets>, AS. <ets>g\'bestlic</ets>. See

<er>Ghost</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to the soul; not

carnal or secular; spiritual; <as>as, a <ex>ghostly</ex>

confessor</as>.</def>



<q>Save and defend us from our <qex>ghostly</qex> enemies.</q>

<qau>Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ]</qau>



<q>One of the <qex>gostly</qex> children of St. Jerome.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to apparitions.</def>



<au>Akenside.</au>



<hw>Ghost"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Spiritually;

mystically.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ghost*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ghost

lore.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing

of <qex>ghostology</qex> and witchcraft.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Ghoul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.

<ets>gh<?/l</ets> an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour

men and animals: cf. Ar. <ets>gh<?/l</ets>, F.

<ets>goule</ets>.]</ety> <def>An imaginary evil being among

Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human

bodies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ghole</asp> .]</altsp>



<au>Moore.</au>



<hw>Ghoul"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characteristic of a ghoul;

vampirelike; hyenalike.</def>



<hw>Ghyll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A ravine. See

<er>Gill</er> a woody glen.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &

Scot.]</mark>



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gial`lo*li"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,

from <ets>giallo</ets> yellow, prob. fr. OHG. <ets>gelo</ets>, G.

<ets>gelb</ets>; akin to E. <ets>yellow</ets>.]</ety> <def>A term

variously employed by early writers on art, though commonly

designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<hw>Giam"beux</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Jambeux</er>.]</ety> <def>Greaves; armor for the legs.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gi"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>giant</ets>, <ets>geant</ets>, <ets>geaunt</ets>, OF.

<ets>jaiant</ets>, <ets>geant</ets>, F. <ets>g\'82ant</ets>, L.

<ets>gigas</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, from the root of E.

<ets>gender</ets>, <ets>genesis</ets>. See <er>Gender</er>, and

cf. <er>Gigantic</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.</def>



<q><qex>Giants</qex> of mighty bone and bold emprise.</q>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person of extraordinary strength or powers,

bodily or intellectual.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary

size or power.</def>



<cs><col>Giant's Causeway</col>, <cd>a vast collection of

basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast

of Ireland.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gi"ant</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a giant; extraordinary

in size, strength, or power; <as>as, <ex>giant</ex> brothers; a

<ex>giant</ex> son.</as></def>



<cs><col>Giant cell</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Myeloplax</er>.</cd> -- <col>Giant clam</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bivalve shell of the genus

<spn>Tridacna</spn>, esp. <spn>T. gigas</spn>, which sometimes

weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to

contain holy water.</cd> -- <col>Giant heron</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large African heron

(<spn>Ardeomega goliath</spn>). It is the largest heron

known.</cd> -- <col>Giant kettle</col>, <cd>a pothole of very

large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers.

See <er>Pothole</er>.</cd> -- <col>Giant powder</col>. <cd>See

<er>Nitroglycerin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Giant puffball</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fungus (<spn>Lycoperdon

giganteum</spn>), edible when young, and when dried used for

stanching wounds.</cd> -- <col>Giant salamander</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large aquatic salamander

(<spn>Megalobatrachus maximus</spn>), found in Japan. It is the

largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long.</cd> --

<col>Giant squid</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several

species of very large squids, belonging to

<spn>Architeuthis</spn> and allied genera. Some are over forty

feet long.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gi"ant*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman of extraordinary

size.</def>



<hw>Gi"ant*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>g\'82antiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To play the giant.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Gi"ant*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Appropriate to a

giant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Usher.</au>



<hw>Gi"ant*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The race of

giants.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Gi"ant*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state, personality,

or character, of a giant; -- a compellation for a giant.</def>



<q>His <qex>giantship</qex> is gone somewhat crestfallen</q>.

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Giaour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.

<ets>giaur</ets> an infidel, Per. <ets>gawr</ets>, another form

of <ets>ghebr</ets> fire worshiper. Cf. <er>Kaffir</er>,

<er>Gheber</er> .]</ety> <def>An infidel; -- a term applied by

Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion, especially

Christrians.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Gib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated fr.

<ets>Gilbert</ets>, the name of the cat in the old story of

\'bdReynard the Fox\'b8. in the \'bdRomaunt of the Rose\'b8,

etc.]</ety> <def>A male cat; a tomcat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gib</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act like a cat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Gib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched

or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts in

place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; --

usually held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or

screw.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Gib and key</col>, <or/ <col>Gib and

cotter</col></mcol> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the fixed

wedge or <xex>gib<xex>, and the driving wedge,<xex>key<xex>, or

<xex>cotter<xex>, used for tightening the strap which holds the

brasses at the end of a connecting rod.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gib</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gibbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gibbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To secure or fasten with a

gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs.</def>



<cs><col>Gibbed lathe</col>, <cd>an engine lathe in which the

tool carriage is held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a

weight.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To balk. See

<er>Jib</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>



<au>Youatt.</au>



<hw>Gib*bar"tas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ar.

<ets>jebb\'ber</ets> giant; or L. <ets>gibber</ets> humpbacked:

cf. F. <ets>gibbar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; -- called also

<altname>Jupiter whale</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>jubartas</asp>, <asp>gubertas</asp>,

<asp>dubertus</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gib"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gib</er> to balk.]</ety> <def>A balky horse.</def>



<au>Youatt.</au>



<hw>Gib"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gibbered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gibbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to <ets>jabber</ets>,

and <ets>gabble</ets>.]</ety> <def>To speak rapidly and

inarticulately.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gib"ber*ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gibber</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Rapid and

inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning words;

jargon.</def>



<q>He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go;

All kinds of <qex>gibberish</qex> he had learnt to known.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<q>Such <qex>gibberish</qex> as children may be heard amusing

themselves with.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Gib"ber*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unmeaning; <as>as,

<ex>gibberish</ex> language</as>.</def>



<hw>Gib"bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gibet</ets>, F. <ets>gibet</ets>, in OF. also club, fr. LL.

<ets>gibetum</ets>;; cf. OF. <ets>gibe</ets> sort of sickle or

hook, It. <ets>giubbetto</ets> gibbet, and <ets>giubbetta</ets>,

dim. of <ets>giubba</ets> mane, also, an under waistcoat,

doublet, Prov. It. <ets>gibba</ets> (cf. <er>Jupon</er>); so that

it perhaps originally signified a halter, a rope round the neck

of malefactors; or it is, perhaps, derived fr. L.

<ets>gibbus</ets> hunched, humped, E. <ets>gibbous</ets>; or cf.

E. <ets>jib</ets> a sail.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm

projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were

hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa

warning.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The projecting arm of a crane, from which the

load is suspended; the jib.</def>



<hw>Gib"bet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gibbeted</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Gibbeting</er>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To hang and expose on a gibbet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expose to infamy; to blacken.</def>



<q>I'll <qex>gibbet</qex> up his name.</q>

<qau>Oldham.</qau>



<hw>Gib"bier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gibier</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wild fowl; game.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Gib"bon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gibbon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any arboreal

ape of the genus <spn>Hylobates</spn>, of which many species and

varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are

tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms,

adapted for climbing.</def>



<-- common subtypes -->

<note><hand/ The white-handed gibbon (<spn>Hylobates lar</spn>),

the crowned (<spn>H. pilatus</spn>), the wou-wou or singing

gibbon (<spn>H. agilis</spn>), the siamang, and the hoolock. are

the most common species.</note>



<hw>Gib" boom`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Jib

boom</er>.</def>



<hw>Gib*bose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gibbosus</ets>, fr. <ets>gibbus</ets>, <ets>gibba</ets>,

hunch, hump. Cf. <er>Gibbous</er>.]</ety> <def>Humped;

protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one or more

large elevations.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Gib*bost"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gibbosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being gibbous

or gibbose; gibbousness.</def>



<hw>Gib"bous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gibbeux</ets>. See <er>Gibbose</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Swelling by a regular curve or surface;

protuberant; convex; <as>as, the moon is <ex>gibbous</ex> between

the half-moon and the full moon</as>.</def>



<q>The bones will rise, and make a <qex>gibbous</qex> member.</q>

<qau>Wiseman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hunched; hump-backed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Gib"bous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Gib"bous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gibbs"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after

George <ets>Gibbs</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrate

of alumina.</def>



<hw>Gib"-cat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A male cat,

esp. an old one. See lst <er>Gib</er>. <pos>n.</pos></def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gibe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gibed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gibing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. Prov. F. <ets>giber</ets>, equiv. to F.

<ets>jouer</ets> to play, Icel. <ets>geipa</ets> to talk

nonsense, E. <ets>jabber</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cast reproaches

and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic

words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff.</def>



<q>Fleer and <qex>gibe</qex>, and laugh and flout.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Gibe</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To reproach with

contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock.</def>



<q>Draw the beasts as I describe them,

 From their features, while I <qex>gibe</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Gibe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An expression of sarcastic

scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer.</def>



<q>Mark the fleers, the <qex>gibes</qex>, and notable scorns.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>With solemn <qex>gibe</qex> did Eustace banter me.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Gib"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>gibel</ets>, <ets>giebel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A kind of carp (<spn>Cyprinus gibelio</spn>); -- called also

<altname>Prussian carp</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gib"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who utters

gibes.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Gib"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The male of

the salmon.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Gib"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

gibing manner; scornfully.</def>



<hw>Gib"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of

giblets; <as>as, a <ex>giblet</ex> pie</as>.</def>



<hw>Gib"lets</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gibelet</ets>, OF. <ets>gibelet</ets> game: cf. F.

<ets>gibelotte</ets> stewed rabbit. Cf. <er>Gibbier</er>.]</ety>

<def>The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver,

etc.), of poultry.</def>



<hw>Gib"staff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>gib</ets> a hooked stick + E. <ets>staff</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A staff to guage water, or to push a boat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the

stage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Gid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Giddy</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A disease of sheep,

characterized by vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the

presence of the C<?/nurus, a larval tapeworm, in the brain. See

<er>C<?/nurus</er>.</def>



<hw>Gid"di*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a giddy

manner.</def>



<hw>Gid"di*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being giddy.</def>



<hw>Gid"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Giddier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Giddiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gidi</ets> mad, silly, AS. <ets>gidig</ets>, of unknown

origin, cf. Norw. <ets>gidda</ets> to shake, tremble.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having in the head a sensation of whirling or

reeling about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of

the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall;

lightheaded; dizzy.</def>



<q>By <qex>giddy</qex> head and staggering legs betrayed.</q>

<qau>Tate.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Promoting or inducing giddiness; <as>as, a

<ex>giddy</ex> height; a <ex>giddy</ex> precipice.</as></def>



<au>Prior.</au>



<q>Upon the <qex>giddy</qex> footing of the hatches.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running

round with celerity; gyratory; whirling.</def>



<q>The <qex>giddy</qex> motion of the whirling mill.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Characterized by inconstancy; unstable;

changeable; fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless.

\'bd<xex>Giddy</xex>, foolish hours.\'b8 <xex>Rowe</xex>.

\'bd<xex>Giddy</xex> chance.\'b8 <xex>Dryden</xex>.</def>



<q>Young heads are <qex>giddy</qex> and young hearts are

warm.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Gid"dy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To reel; to whirl.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Gid"dy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make dizzy or

unsteady.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gid"dy-head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Gid"dy-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Thoughtless; unsteady.</def>



<hw>Gid"dy-paced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moving

irregularly; flighty; fickle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To guide. See

<er>Gye</er> .</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Gier"-ea`gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>gier</ets> vulture, G. <ets>gier</ets>, and E.

<ets>gyrfalcon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird

referred to in the Bible (<au>Lev. xi. 18</au>and <au>Deut. xiv.

17</au>) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (<spn>Neophron

percnopterus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Gier"-fal`con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gier-eagle</er>, <er>Gyrfalcon</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gyrfalcon.</def>



<hw>Gie"seck*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after Karl <ets>Giesecke</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a

greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after

el\'91olite.</def>



<hw>Gif</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos> <ety>[AS. See

<er>If</er>.]</ety> <def>If.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ <xex>Gif</xex> is the old form of <xex>if</xex>, and

frequently occurs in the earlier English writers. See

<er>If</er>.</note>



<-- p. 625 -->



<hw>Gif"fard in*ject"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld>

<def>See under <er>Injector</er>.</def>



<hw>Giff"gaff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Reduplicated

fr. <ets>give</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mutial accommodation; mutual

giving.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gif"fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Jiffy</er>.</def>



<hw>Gift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gift</ets>, <ets>yift</ets>, <ets>yeft</ets>, AS.

<ets>gift</ets>, fr. <ets>gifan</ets> to give; akin to D. & G.

<ets>gift</ets>, Icel. <ets>gift</ets>, <ets>gipt</ets>, Goth.

<ets>gifts</ets> (in comp.). See <er>Give</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything given; anything

voluntarily transferred by one person to another without

compensation; a present; an offering.</def>



<q>Shall I receive by <qex>gift</qex>, what of my own, . . .

I can command ?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing;

<as>as, the office is in the <ex>gift</ex> of the

President</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bribe; anything given to corrupt.</def>



<q>Neither take a <qex>gift</qex>, for a <qex>gift</qex> doth

blind the eyes of the wise.</q>

<qau>Deut. xvi. 19.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a

pre\'89minent and special talent or aptitude; power; faculty;

<as>as, the <ex>gift</ex> of wit; a <ex>gift</ex> for

speaking.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A voluntary transfer of real or

personal property, without any consideration. It can be perfected

only by deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual

delivery of possession.</def>



<au>Bouvier. Burrill.</au>



<cs><col>Gift rope</col> <fld>(Naut)</fld>, <cd>a rope extended

to a boat for towing it; a guest rope.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction;

boon; bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty.</syn> <usage>

-- <er>Gift</er>, <er>Present</er>, <er>Donation</er>. These

words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted

to another out of one's property. A <xex>gift</xex> is something

given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually

designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A

<xex>present</xex> is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is

always intended as a compliment or expression of kindness.

<xex>Donation</xex> is a word of more dignity, denoting,

properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made

either to some public institution, or to an individual on account

of his services to the public; as, a <xex>donation</xex> to a

hospital, a charitable society, or a minister.</usage>



<hw>Gift</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gifted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gifting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To endow with some power or

faculty.</def>



<q>He was <qex>gifted</qex> . . . with philosophical

sagacity.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Gift"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

gifted.</def>



<au>Echard.</au>



<hw>Gid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>gigue</ets>. See <er>Jig</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A

fiddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr. L.

<ets>gignere</ets> to beget.]</ety> <def>To engender.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gig</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of spear or harpoon. See

<er>Fishgig</er>.</def>



<hw>Gig</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fish with a gig.</def>



<hw>Gig</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gigge</ets>. Cf.

<er>Giglot</er>.]</ety> <def>A playful or wanton girl; a

giglot.</def>



<hw>Gig</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>g<?/gja</ets>

fiddle, MHG. <ets>g<?/ge</ets>, G. <ets>geige</ets>, Icel.

<ets>geiga</ets> to take a wrong direction, rove at random, and

E. <ets>jig</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A top or whirligig;

any little thing that is whirled round in play.</def>



<q>Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy

<qex>gig</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn

by one horse; a kind of chaise.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A long, light rowboat,

generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to be fast; a boat

appropriated to the use of the commanding officer; <as>as, the

captain's <ex>gig</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A rotatory cylinder, covered

with wire teeth or teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Gig machine</col>, <col>Gigging machine</col>,

<col>Gig mill</col>, <or/ <col>Napping machine</col></mcol>.

<cd>See <er>Gig</er>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Gig saw</col>. <cd>See

<er>Jig saw</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gi`gan*te"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>giganteus</ets>, fr. <ets>gigas</ets>, <ets>antis</ets>. See

<er>Giant</er>.]</ety> <def>Like a giant; mighty; gigantic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Gi`gan*tesque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Befitting a giant; bombastic;

magniloquent.</def>



<q>The sort of mock-heroic <qex>gigantesque</qex>

With which we bantered little Lilia first.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Gi*gan"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gigas</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, giant. See

<er>Giant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of extraordinary size;

like a giant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Such as a giant might use, make, or cause;

immense; tremendous; extraordinarly; <as>as, <ex>gigantic</ex>

deeds; <ex>gigantic</ex> wickedness.</as></def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>When descends on the Atlantic

The <qex>gigantic</qex>

Strom wind of the equinox.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Gi*gan"tic*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bulky, big.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Burton</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Gi*gan"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gi*gan"ti*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[.

<ets>gigas</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, giant + <ets>caedere</ets>

to kill.]</ety> <def>The act of killing, or one who kills, a

giant.</def>



<au>Hallam.</au>



<hw>Gi*gan"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Gigantic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bullokar.</au>



<hw>Gi`gan*tol"og*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, giant + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gigantologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>An account or description of

giants.</def>



<hw>Gi`gan*tom"a*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gigantoma<?/hia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, giant + <?/

battle: cf. F. <ets>gigantomachie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A war of

giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants against

heaven.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Guide</hw></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>guide</ets>,

<ets>guiche</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The

leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across

the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder.</def>



<au>Meyrick (Ancient Armor).</au>



<hw>\'d8Gi*ge"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gigeria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L.

<ets>gigeria</ets>, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of

birds.</def>



<hw>Gig"get</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Gigot</er>.</def>



<q>Cut the slaves to <qex>giggets</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Gig"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Giggled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Giggling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to <ets>gaggle</ets>: cf.

OD. <ets>ghichelen</ets>, G. <ets>kichern</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a

light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with childish

levity.</def>



<q><qex>Giggling</qex> and laughing with all their might

At the piteous hap of the fairy wight.</q>

<qau>J. R. Drake.</qau>



<hw>Gig"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a light, silly

laugh.</def>



<hw>Gig"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

giggles or titters.</def>



<hw>Gig"gly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Prone to

giggling.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Gig"got</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gigot</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Gig"gyng</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gige</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of fastending the gige or

leather strap to the shield.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Gigging</xex> of shields.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gig"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gig"let</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>gikkr</ets> a pert, rude person, Dan. <ets>giek</ets> a

fool, silly man, AS. <ets>gagol</ets>, <ets>g\'91gl</ets>,

lascivious, wanton, MHG. <ets>gogel</ets> wanton,

<ets>giege</ets> fool, and E. <ets>gig</ets> a wanton

person.]</ety> <def>A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy

girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>giglet</qex> is willful, and is running upon her

fate.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Gig"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giddi; light;

inconstant; wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdO

<xex>giglot</xex> fortune!\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw><hw>Gig"ot</hw>, <hw>Gig"got</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>gigue</ets> fiddle; -- on

account of the resemblance in shape. See <er>Jig</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A leg of mutton.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small piece of flesh; a slice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The rest in <qex>giggots</qex> cut, they spit.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Gi"la mon"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large tuberculated lizard (<spn>Heloderma suspectum</spn>)

native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the

only lizard known to have venomous teeth.</def>



<hw>Gild</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gilded</er> or

<er>Gilt</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gilding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gyldan</ets>, from

<ets>gold</ets> gold. <root/234. See <er>Gold</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to

cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold.</def>

\'bd<xex>Gilded</xex> chariots.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>No more the rising sun shall <qex>gild</qex> the morn.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.</def>



<q>Let oft good humor, mild and gay,

<qex>Gild</qex> the calm evening of your day.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance

to; to embellish; <as>as, to <ex>gild</ex> a lie</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make red with drinking.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This grand liquior that hath <qex>gilded</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gild"ale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gilgan</ets> to pay + E. <ets>ale</ets>. See <er>Yield</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>, and <er>Ale</er>.]</ety> <def>A drinking bout

in which every one pays an equal share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gild"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gilded.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Gild"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who gilds;

one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.</def>



<hw>Gil"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Dutch coin.

See <er>Guilder</er>.</def>



<hw>Guild"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold

leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which

resembles gold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application

to any surface.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any superficial coating or appearance, as

opposed to what is solid and genuine.</def>



<cs><col>Gilding metal</col>, <cd>a tough kind of sheet brass

from which cartridge shells are made.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Guile</er>.]</ety> <def>Guile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan.

<ets>gi\'91lle</ets>, <ets>gelle</ets>; akin to Sw.

<ets>g\'84l</ets>, Icel. <ets>gj\'94lnar</ets> gills; cf. AS.

<ets>geagl</ets>, <ets>geahl</ets>, jaw.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An organ for aquatic respiration; a

branchia.</def>



<q>Fishes perform respiration under water by the

<qex>gills</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Gills</xex> are usually lamellar or filamentous

appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it

is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In

vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either

side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various

situations.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a

mushroom.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fleshy flap that hangs

below the beak of a fowl; a wattle.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The flesh under or about the chin.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>One of the combs of

closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber

or wool into fewer parallel filaments. <ety>[Prob. so called from

F. <ets>aiguilles</ets>, needles. <au>Ure</au>.]</ety>



<cs><mcol><col>Gill arches</col>, <col>Gill bars</col></mcol>.

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Branchial

arches</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Gill clefts</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<cd>Same as <cref>Branchial clefts</cref>. See under

<er>Branchial</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gill cover</col>,

<col>Gill lid</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Operculum</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Gill frame</col>, <or/ <col>Gill head</col></mcol>

<fld>(Flax Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a spreader; a machine for

subjecting flax to the action of gills. <au>Knight</au>.</cd> --

<col>Gill net</col>, <cd>a flat net so suspended in the water

that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the

gills when they seek to extricate themselves.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Gill opening</col>, <or/ <col>Gill slit</col></mcol>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>an opening behind and below the head of

most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the

gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on

each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on

each side.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gill rakes</col>, <or/ <col>Gill

rakers</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>horny filaments, or

progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes,

which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into

gill cavities.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>

<def>A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A leech.</def> <altsp>[Also

<asp>gell</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jameison.</au>



<hw>Gill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gil</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gille</ets>, <ets>gelle</ets>, a sort of measure for wine,

LL. <ets>gillo</ets>, <ets>gello</ets>., Cf.

<er>Gallon</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of capacity, containing

one fourth of a pint.</def>



<hw>Gill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. from

<ets>Gillian</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A young woman; a

sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl.</def> \'bdEach Jack with

his <xex>Gill</xex>.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ground ivy (<spn>Nepeta

Glechoma</spn>); -- called also <altname>gill over the

ground</altname>, and other like names.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy.</def>



<cs><col>Gill ale</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Ale flavored with

ground ivy.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<cd>Alehoof.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gill"-flirt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Gill"house`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shop where gill is

sold.</def>



<q>Thee shall each alehouse, thee each <qex>gillhouse</qex>

mourn.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Gil"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>Gillian</ets>, a woman's name, for <ets>Julian</ets>,

<ets>Juliana</ets>. Cf. <er>Gill</er> a girl.]</ety> <def>A girl;

esp., a wanton; a gill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gil"lie Gil"ly</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael. <ets>gille</ets>, <ets>giolla</ets>,

boy, lad.]</ety> <def>A boy or young man; a manservant; a male

attendant, in the Scottish Highlands.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Gil"ly*flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gilofre</ets>, <ets>gilofer</ets>, clove, OF.

<ets>girofre</ets>, <ets>girofle</ets>, F. <ets>girofle</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>girofl\'82e</ets> gillyflower, fr.

<ets>girofle</ets>, Gr. <?/ clove tree; <?/ nut + <?/ leaf, akin

to E. <ets>foliage</ets>. Cf. <er>Caryophyllus</er>,

<er>July-flower</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

name given by old writers to the clove pink (<spn>Dianthus

Caryophyllus</spn>) but now to the common stock (<spn>Matthiola

incana</spn>), a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant

blossoms, usually purplish, but often pink or white.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape,

purplish red color, and having a large core.</def>



<altsp>[Written also <asp>gilliflower</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Clove gillflower</col>, <cd>the clove pink.</cd> --

<col>Marsh gillyflower</col>, <cd>the ragged robin (<spn>Lychnis

Flos-cuculi</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Queen's, <or/

Winter</col>, <col>gillyflower</col></mcol>, <cd>damewort.</cd>

-- <col>Sea gillyflower</col>, <cd>the thrift (<spn>Armeria

vulgaris</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Wall gillyflower</col>, <cd>the

wallflower (<spn>Cheiranthus Cheiri</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Water

gillyflower</col>, <cd>the water violet.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gil"our</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.]</ety>

<def>A guiler; deceiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gilse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.

<ets>gleisiad</ets>, fr. <ets>glas</ets> blue.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grilse</er>.</def>



<hw>Gilt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Geld</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A female pig, when young.</def>



<hw>Gilt</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Gild</er>.</def>



<hw>Gilt</hw>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <def>Gilded; covered with

gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow.</def>

\'bd<xex>Gilt</xex> hair\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gilt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Gold, or that which

resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe

<xex>gilt</xex> of France.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gilt"-edge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gilt"-edged`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a

gilt edge; <as>as, <ex>gilt-edged</ex> paper</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable

paper, etc.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Gilt"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine fish</def>. The name is

applied to two species: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The <spn>Pagrus, <or/

Chrysophrys, auratus</spn>, a valuable food fish common in the

Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); -- called

also <altname>giltpoll</altname></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

<spn>Crenilabrus melops</spn>, of the British coasts; -- called

also <altname>golden maid</altname>, <altname>conner</altname>,

<altname>sea partridge</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gilt"if</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>gilti</ets>, by confusion with <ets>-if</ets>,

<ets>-ive</ets>, in French forms. See <er>Guilty</er>.]</ety>

<def>Guilty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gilt"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

yellow-tailed worm or larva.</def>



<hw>Gim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gimp</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Neat; spruce.</def>

<mark>[Prov.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>Gim"bal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Gim"bals</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gimmal</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A contrivance for permitting a body to

incline freely in all directions, or for suspending anything, as

a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will

remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the

rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can

turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring

itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a

diameter at right angles to the first.</def>



<cs><col>Gimbal joint</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a universal

joint embodying the principle of the gimbal.</cd> -- <col>Gimbal

ring</col>, <cd>a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of

the upper millstone is supported on the spindle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gim"blet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gimlet</er>.</def>



<hw>Gim"crack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., a

spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce girl, prob. fr.

<ets>gim + crack</ets> lad, boaster.]</ety> <def>A trivial

mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Gim"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Also written

and pronounced <asp>gimbled</asp> <pr>(<?/)</pr>]</altsp>

<ety>[OF. <ets>guimbelet</ets>, <ets>guibelet</ets>, F.

<ets>gibelet</ets>, prob. fr. OD. <ets>wimpel</ets>,

<ets>weme</ets>, a bore, <ets>wemelen</ets> to bore, to wimble.

See <er>Wimble</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A small tool for

boring holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross

handle.</def>



<cs><col>Gimlet eye</col>, <cd>a squint-eye.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <au>Wright</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gim"let</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gimleted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gimleting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pierce or

make with a gimlet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To turn round (an anchor) by

the stock, with a motion like turning a gimlet.</def>



<hw>Gim"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. the same

word as <ets>gemel</ets>. See <er>Gemel</er>, and cf.

<er>Gimbal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Joined work whose parts

move within each other; a pair or series of interlocked

rings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gom"mal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made or consisting of

interlocked ring<?/ or links; <as>as, <ex>gimmal</ex>

mail</as>.</def>



<q>In their pale dull mouths the <qex>gimmal</qex> bit

Lies foul with chewed grass.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Gimmal joint</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gimbal joint</cref>,

under <er>Gimbal</er>.</cd></cs>



<mhw><hw>Gim"mer</hw>, <hw>Gim"mor</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gimmal</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a

gimcrack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>  <au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 626 -->



<hw>Gimp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[W.

<ets>gwymp</ets> fair, neat, comely.]</ety> <def>Smart; spruce;

trim; nice.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gimp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>guimpe</ets>,

<ets>guimple</ets>, a nun's wimple, F. <ets>guimpe</ets>, OHG.

<ets>wimpal</ets> a veil G. <ets>wimpel</ets> pennon, pendant.

See <er>Wimple</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A narrow

ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a

metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; --

used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc.</def>



<q>Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.</q>



<hw>Gimp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To notch; to indent; to

jag.</def>



<hw>Gin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ge</ets>\'a0<pos>n.</pos> See <er>Again</er>.]</ety>

<def>Against; near by; towards; <as>as, <ex>gin</ex>

night</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>A. Ross (1778).</au>



<hw>Gin</hw>, <pos>conj.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gin</er>,

<ets>prep</ets>.]</ety> <def>If.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Gin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Gan</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Gon</er> (<?/), <or/

<er>Gun</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ginning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ginnen</ets>, AS.

<ets>ginnan</ets> (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf.

OHG. in<ets>ginnan</ets> to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin

to AS. <ets>g\'c6nan</ets> to yawn, and E. <ets>yawn</ets>. <?/

See <er>Yawn</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Begin</er>.]</ety> <def>To begin; -- often followed by an

infinitive without <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, <ex>gan</ex> tell</as>.

See</def> <er>Gan</er>. <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark> \'bdHe

<xex>gan</xex> to pray.</def>\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. from

<ets>Geneva</ets>. See 2d <er>Geneva</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong

alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored

with juniper berries; -- also called <altname>Hollands</altname>

and <altname>Holland gin</altname>, because originally, and still

very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually

flavored with turpentine.</def>



<hw>Gin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A contraction of

<ets>engine</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare.</def>



<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A machine for raising or moving

heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at

the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a

whim.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A machine for separating the seeds from cotton;

a cotton gin.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is also given to an instrument of torture

worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails.</note>



<cs><col>Gin block</col>, <cd>a simple form of tackle block,

having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also

<altname>whip gin</altname>, <altname>rubbish pulley</altname>,

and <altname>monkey wheel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gin

power</col>, <cd>a form of horse power for driving a cotton

gin.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gin race</col>, <or/ <col>Gin

ring</col></mcol>, <cd>the path of the horse when putting a gin

in motion.</cd> <au>Halliwell</au>. -- <col>Gin saw</col>, <cd>a

saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid,

leaving the seed in the hopper.</cd> -- <col>Gin wheel</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber

through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>the drum of a

whim.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Ginned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ginning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To catch in a

trap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To clear of seeds by a machine; <as>as, to

<ex>gin</ex> cotton</as>.</def>



<hw>Ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Gang</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There is a knot, a <qex>ging</qex>, a pack, a conspiracy

against me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gin*gal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Jingal</er>.</def>



<hw>Gin"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ginger</ets>, <ets>gingever</ets>, <ets>gingivere</ets>, OF.

<ets>gengibre</ets>, <ets>gingimbre</ets>, F.

<ets>gingembre</ets>, L. <ets>zingiber</ets>,

<ets>zingiberi</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; of Oriental origin; cf. Ar. &

Pers. <ets>zenjeb\'c6l</ets>, fr. Skr.

<ets><?/<?/<?/gav\'89ra</ets>, prop., hornshaped;

<ets><?/<?/<?/ga</ets> horn + <ets>v\'89ra</ets> body.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Zingiber</spn>, of the East and West Indies. The species

most known is <spn>Z. officinale</spn>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The hot and spicy rootstock of <spn>Zingiber

officinale</spn>, which is much used in cookery and in

medicine.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Ginger</col> <col>beer <or/ ale</col></mcol>,

<cd>a mild beer impregnated with ginger.</cd> -- <col>Ginger

cordial</col>, <cd>a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon

rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy.</cd> --

<col>Ginger pop</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ginger beer</cref>

(above).</cd> -- <col>Ginger wine</col>, <cd>wine impregnated

with ginger.</cd> -- <col>Wild ginger</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>an American herb (<spn>Asarum Canadense</spn>) with two

reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong

taste of ginger.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gin"ger*bread`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind

of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in

fanciful shapes. <xex>Gingerbread</xex> that was full fine.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Gingerbread tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the doom

palm; -- so called from the resemblance of its fruit to

gingerbread. See <er>Doom Palm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gingerbread

work</col>, <cd>ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of

a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gin"ger*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>ginger</ets> brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw.

<ets>gingla</ets>, <ets>g\'84ngla</ets>, to go gently, totter,

akin to E. <ets>gang</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cautiously; timidly;

fastidiously; daintily.</def>



<q>What is't that you took up so <qex>gingerly</qex> ?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gin"ger*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cautiousness;

tenderness.</def>



<hw>Ging"ham</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>guingan</ets>; cf. Jav. <ets>ginggang</ets>; <ets>or

perh</ets>. <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>Guingamp</ets>, in France.]</ety>

<def>A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or

checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; --

distinguished from printed cotton or prints.</def>



<hw>Ging"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent

caving.</def>



<hw>Gin"gi*val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gingiva</ets> the gum.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

gums.</def>



<au>Holder.</au>



<hw>Gin"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Jingle</er>.</def>



<hw>Gin"gly*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Ginglymoid.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gin`gly*mo"di</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.;

cf. Gr. <?/ ginglymoid. See <er>Ginglymoid</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes, including

the modern gar pikes and many allied fossil forms. They have

rhombic, ganoid scales, a heterocercal tail, paired fins without

an axis, fulcra on the fins, and a bony skeleton, with the

vertebr\'91 convex in front and concave behind, forming a ball

and socket joint. See <er>Ganoidel</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gin"gly*moid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gin`gly*moid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ ginglymus + <?/ form: cf. F.

<ets>ginglymoide</ets>, <ets>ginglymo\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a

ginglymus, or hinge joint; ginglyform.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gin"gly*mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ginglymi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a

hingelike joint, a ball and socket joint.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A hinge joint; an articulation, admitting

of flexion and extension, or motion in two directions only, as

the elbow and the ankle.</def>



<hw>Gin"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A building

where cotton is ginned.</def>



<hw>Gink"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ginkgoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Chin., silver

fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large ornamental tree

(<spn>Ginkgo biloba</spn>) from China and Japan, belonging to the

Yew suborder of <spn>Conifer\'91</spn>. Its leaves are so like

those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the

<altname>maidenhair tree</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gin"nee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ginn</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>See

<er>Jinnee</er>.</def>



<hw>Gin"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Genet</er>, a horse.</def>



<hw>Gin"ning</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gin</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Beginning.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gin"ny-car`riage</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a

railroad.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gin"seng</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Chinese.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Aralia</spn>, the root of which is highly valued as a

medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (<spn>Aralia

Schinseng</spn>) has become so rare that the American (<spn>A.

quinquefolia</spn>) has largely taken its place, and its root is

now an article of export from America to China. The root, when

dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste

somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight

aromatic bitterness.</def>



<hw>Gin"shop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shop or

barroom where gin is sold as a beverage.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To take out the

entrails of (herrings).</def>



<hw>Gip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A servant. See

<er>Gyp</er>.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Gi*poun"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Jupon</er>.]</ety> <def>A short cassock.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>gepoun</asp>, <asp>gypoun</asp>,

<asp>jupon</asp>, <asp>juppon</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gip"ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gip"sire</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gibeci\'8are</ets> a game pouch or game pocket. Cf.

<er>Gibbier</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of pouch formerly worn at

the girdle.</def>



<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>



<q>A <qex>gipser</qex> all of silk,

Hung at his girdle, white as morn\'82 milk.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Gip"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. a..</pos> <def>See

<er>Gypsy</er>.</def>



<hw>Gip"sy*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gypsyism</er>.</def>



<hw>Gi*raffe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>girafe</ets>, Sp. <ets>girafa</ets>, from Ar.

<ets>zur\'befa</ets>, <ets>zar\'befa</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African ruminant

(<spn>Camelopardalis giraffa</spn>) related to the deers and

antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It

is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the

hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore

legs are much longer than its hind legs.</def>



<hw>Gir"an*dole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Gyrate</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An ornamental branched candlestick.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of

branching form.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Pyrotechny)</fld> <def>A kind of revolving

firework.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A series of chambers in

defensive mines.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>girasole</ets>, or F.

<ets>girasol</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gyrare</ets> to turn around +

<ets>sol</ets> sun.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Heliotrope</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of opal which is

usually milk white, bluish white, or sky blue; but in a bright

light it reflects a reddish color.</def>



<hw>Gird</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Yard</er>

a measure.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a

twinge; a pang.</def>



<q>Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful <qex>girds</qex>

and twinges which the atheist feels.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a

sneer.</def>



<q>I thank thee for that <qex>gird</qex>, good Tranio.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gird</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gird</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Girde</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike; to smite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To slay him and to <qex>girden</qex> off his head.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.</def>



<q>Being moved, he will not spare to <qex>gird</qex> the

gods.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gird</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gibe; to sneer; to break

a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms.</def>



<q>Men of all sorts take a pride to <qex>gird</qex> at me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gird</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Girt</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or

<er>Girded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Girding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>girden</ets>,

<ets>gurden</ets>, AS. <ets>gyrdan</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>gurdian</ets>, D. <ets>gorden</ets>, OHG. <ets>gurten</ets>,

G. <ets>g\'81rten</ets>, Icel. <ets>gyr<?/a</ets>, Sw.

<ets>gjorda</ets>, Dan. <ets>giorde</ets>, Goth.

<ets>biga\'a1rdan</ets> to begird, and prob. to E.

<ets>yard</ets> an inclosure. Cf. <er>Girth</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &

<pos>v.</pos>, <er>Girt</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To encircle or bind with any flexible band.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a

cord, girdle, bandage, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To surround; to encircle, or encompass.</def>



<q>That Nyseian isle,

<qex>Girt</qex> with the River Triton.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To clothe; to swathe; to invest.</def>



<q>I <qex>girded</qex> thee about with fine linen.</q>

<qau>Ezek. xvi. 10.</qau>



<q>The Son . . . appeared

<qex>Girt</qex> with omnipotence.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To prepare; to make ready; to equip; <as>as, to

<ex>gird</ex> one's self for a contest</as>.</def>



<q>Thou hast <qex>girded</qex> me with strength.</q>

<qau>Ps. xviii. 39.</qau>



<cs><col>To gird on</col>, <cd>to put on; to fasten around or to

one securely, like a girdle; as, <xex>to gird on<xex> armor or a

sword.</cd>



<q>Let not him that <qex>girdeth on</qex> his harness boast

himself as he that putteth it off.</q>

<qau>1 Kings xx. 11.</qau>



-- <col>To gird up</col>, <cd>to bind tightly with a girdle; to

support and strengthen, as with a girdle.</cd>



<q>He <qex>girded up</qex> his loins, and ran before Ahab.</q>

<qau>1 Kings xviii. 46.</qau>



<q><qex>Gird up</qex> the loins of your mind.</q>

<qau>1 Pet. i. 13.</qau>



-- <col>Girt up</col>; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or

for work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long

flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it before any

exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or constantly active;

strenuous; striving. \'bdA severer, more <xex>girt-up</xex> way

of living.\'b8 <au>J. C. Shairp.</au></cs>



<hw>Gird"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gird</er> to sneer at.]</ety> <def>One who girds; a

satirist.</def>



<hw>Gird"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Gird</er> to

encircle.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, girds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld> <def>A main beam; a

stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such

as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member

discharging the same office, technically called a <xex>compound

girder</xex>. See <xex>Illusts</xex>. of <er>Frame</er>, and

<cref>Doubleframed floor</cref>, under <er>Double</er>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Bowstring girder</col>, <col>Box

girder</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bowstring</er>,

<er>Box</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Girder bridge</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Bridge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lattice girder</col>, <cd>a

girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal

crossing bars.</cd> -- <col>Half-lattice girder</col>, <cd>a

girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by

a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite

directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a

series of triangles.</cd> <au>Knight</au>. -- <col>Sandwich

girder</col>, <cd>a girder consisting of two parallel wooden

beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together

by iron bolts.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gird"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That with which one is

girded; a girdle.</def>



<q>Instead of a stomacher, a <qex>girding</qex> of sackcloth.</q>

<qau>Is. iii. 24.</qau>



<hw>Gir"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

griddle.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gir"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gurdel</ets>,

<ets>girdel</ets>, AS. <ets>gyrdel</ets>, fr. <ets>gyrdan</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>gordel</ets>, G. <ets>g\'81rtel</ets>, Icel.

<ets>gyr<?/ill</ets>. See <er>Gird</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, to

encircle, and cf. <er>Girth</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a

circumference; a belt; esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress

encircling the body usually at the waist; a cestus.</def>



<q> Within the <qex>girdle</qex> of these walls.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Their breasts girded with golden <qex>girdles</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rev. xv. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The zodiac; also, the equator.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>From the world's <qex>girdle</qex> to the frozen pole.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>That gems the starry <qex>girdle</qex> of the year.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Jewelry)</fld> <def>The line ofgreatest

circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped

by the setting. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Brilliant</er>.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A thin bed or stratum of

stone.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The clitellus of an

earthworm.</def>



<cs><col>Girdle bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the

sphenethmoid. See under <er>Sphenethmoid</er>.</cd> --

<col>Girdle wheel</col>, <cd>a spinning wheel.</cd> -- <col>Sea

girdle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a ctenophore. See

<cref>Venus's girdle</cref>, under <er>Venus</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Shoulder</col>, <col>Pectoral</col>, <and/

<col>Pelvic</col>, <col>girdle</col></mcol>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>Pectoral</er>, and <er>Pelvic</er>.</cd> --

<col>To have under the girdle</col>, <cd>to have bound to one,

that is, in subjection.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gir"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Girdled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Girdling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To bind with a belt or sash; to gird.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inclose; to environ; to shut in.</def>



<q>Those sleeping stones,

That as a waist doth <qex>girdle</qex> you about.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree,

etc.) through the bark and alburnum, thus killing it.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Gir"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who girdles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A maker of girdles.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American longicorn

beetle (<spn>Oncideres cingulatus</spn>) which lays its eggs in

the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch by gnawing

a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food for

the larv\'91.</def>



<hw>Gir"dle*stead</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Girdle</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> place.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>That part of the body where the girdle is

worn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Sheathed, beneath his <qex>girdlestead</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The lap.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>There fell a flower into her <qex>girdlestead</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swinburne.</qau>



<hw>Gire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Gyre</er>.</def>



<hw>Gir"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Gherkin</er>.</def>



<hw>Girl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>girle</ets>, <ets>gerle</ets>, <ets>gurle</ets>, a girl (in

sense 1): cf. LG. <ets>g\'94r</ets> child.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A young person of either sex; a child.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A female child, from birth to the age of

puberty; a young maiden.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A female servant; a maidservant.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A roebuck two years

old.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Girl"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or time

of being a girl.</def>



<hw>Girl"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like, or characteristic of,

a girl; of or pertaining to girlhood; innocent; artless;

immature; weak; <as>as, <ex>girlish</ex> ways; <ex>girlish</ex>

grief.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Girl"ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Girl"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gir"lond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Garland</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A garland; a

prize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Girn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Grin</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To grin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gi*ron"dist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Girondiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A member of the moderate

republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in

1791. The Girondists were so called because their leaders were

deputies from the department of La Gironde.</def>



<hw>Gi*ron"dist</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Girondists.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Girondin</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gir"rock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. F.

<ets>chicarou</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

garfish.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Girt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Gird</er>.</def>



<hw>Girt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Girted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Girting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Girt</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, cf. <er>Girth</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>To

gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the

girth of; <as>as, to <ex>girt</ex> a tree</as>.</def>



<q>We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk,

And <qex>girt</qex> thee with the sword.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Girt</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Bound by a

cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she

swings against one of the cables by force of the current or

tide.</def>



<-- p. 627 -->



<hw>Girt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Girth</er>.</def>



<hw>Girth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>gj\'94r<?/</ets> girdle, or <ets>ger<?/</ets> girth; akin to

Goth. <ets>ga\'a1rda</ets> girdle. See <er>Gird</er> to girt, and

cf. <er>Girdle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A band

or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which a

saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The measure round the body, as at the waist or

belly; the circumference of anything.</def>



<q>He's a lu

sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the

<qex>girth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small horizontal brace or girder.</def>



<hw>Girth</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Girth</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, cf. <er>Girt</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To

bind as with a girth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Girt"line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A gantline.</def>



<cs><col>Hammock girtline</col>, <cd>a line rigged for hanging

out hammocks to dry.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gis*arm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gisarme</ets>, <ets>guisarme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Medi\'91val

Armor)</fld> <def>A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a

separate long sharp point, mounted on a long staff and carried by

foot soldiers.</def>



<hw>Gise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Agist</er>.]</ety> <def>To feed or pasture.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Guise;

manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gis"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>g\'c6sel</ets>; akin to G. <ets>geisel</ets>, Icel.

<ets>g\'c6sl</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pledge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Gibson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gis*mon"dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gis*mon"dite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the name of the

discoverer, <ets>Gismondi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash, first

noticed near Rome.</def>



<hw>Gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>giste</ets> abode, lodgings, F. <ets>g\'8cte</ets>, fr.

<ets>g\'82sir</ets> to lie, L. <ets>jac<?/re</ets>, prop., to be

thrown, hence, to lie, fr. <ets>jac</ets><?/<ets>re</ets> to

throw. In the second sense fr. OF. <ets>gist</ets>, F.

<ets>g\'8ct</ets>, 3d pers. sing. ind. of <ets>g\'82sir</ets> to

lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l\'85 que <ets>g\'8ct</ets> le

li\'8avre, it is there that the hare lies, <ets>i</ets>.

<ets>e</ets>., that is the point, the difficulty. See

<er>Jet</er> a shooting forth, and cf. <er>Agist</er>,

<er>Joist</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Gest</er> a stage in

traveling.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A resting place.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>These quails have their set <qex>gists</qex>; to wit, ordinary

resting and baiting places.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The main point, as of a question; the point on

which an action rests; the pith of a matter; <as>as, the

<ex>gist</ex> of a question</as>.</def>



<hw>Git</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Founding)</fld>

<def>See <er>Geat</er>.</def>



<hw>Gite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gown.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She came often in a <qex>gite</qex> of red.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Gith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E., corn

cockle; cf. W. <ets>gith</ets> corn cockle.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The corn cockle; also anciently applied to

the <xex>Nigella</xex>, or fennel flower.</def>



<hw>Git"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>giterne</ets>, OF. <ets>guiterne</ets>, ultimately from same

source as E. <ets>guitar</ets>. See <er>Guitar</er>, and cf.

<er>Cittern</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument like a guitar.</def>

\'bdHarps, lutes, and <xex>giternes</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Git"tern</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play on

gittern.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Git"tith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.]</ety>

<def>A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some

to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained by

David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii., lxxxi., and

lxxxiv.</def>



<au>Dr. W. Smith.</au>



<hw>Guist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>Same as <er>Joust</er>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gius"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It., fr.

L. <ets>justus</ets>. See <er>Just</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In just, correct, or suitable time.</def>



<hw>Give</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Gave</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Given</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Giving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>given</ets>,

<ets>yiven</ets>, <ets>yeven</ets>, AS. <ets>gifan</ets>,

<ets>giefan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>geven</ets>, OS.

<ets>g<?/an</ets>, OHG. <ets>geban</ets>, Icel. <ets>gefa</ets>,

Sw. <ets>gifva</ets>, Dan. <ets>give</ets>, Goth.

<ets>giban</ets>. Cf. <er>Gift</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To bestow without receiving a return; to confer

without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as

authority or permission; to yield up or allow.</def>



<q>For generous lords had rather <qex>give</qex> than pay.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as

property, in exchange for something; to pay; <as>as, we

<ex>give</ex> the value of what we buy</as>.</def>



<q>What shall a man <qex>give</qex> in exchange for his soul

?</q>

<qau>Matt. xvi. 26.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit;

<as>as, flint and steel <ex>give</ex> sparks</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings,

etc.; to pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a

judgment, a sentence, a shout, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To grant power or license to; to permit; to

allow; to license; to commission.</def>



<q>It is <qex>given</qex> me once again to behold my friend.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<q>Then <qex>give</qex> thy friend to shed the sacred wine.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To exhibit as a product or result; to produce;

to show; <as>as, the number of men, divided by the number of

ships, <ex>gives</ex> four hundred to each ship</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote

or apply one's self; <as>as, the soldiers <ex>give</ex>

themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in

the past participle; <as>as, the people are <ex>given</ex> to

luxury and pleasure</as>; the youth is <ex>given</ex> to

study.</as></def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Logic & Math.)</fld> <def>To set forth as a

known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to

reason; -- used principally in the passive form

<xex>given</xex>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To allow or admit by way of supposition.</def>



<q>I <qex>give</qex> not heaven for lost.</q>

<qau>Mlton.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.</def>



<q>I don't wonder at people's <qex>giving</qex> him to me as a

lover.</q>

<qau>Sheridan.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation;

<as>as, to <ex>give</ex> offense; to <ex>give</ex> pleasure or

pain.</as></def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>To pledge; <as>as, to <ex>give</ex> one's

word</as>.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive;

<as>as, to <ex>give</ex> one to understand, to know,

etc</as>.</def>



<q>But there the duke was <qex>given</qex> to understand

That in a gondola were seen together

Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To give away</col>, <cd>to make over to another; to

transfer.</cd>



<q>Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is

<qex>given away</qex> from ourselves.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



-- <col>To give back</col>, <cd>to return; to restore.</cd>

<au>Atterbury</au>. -- <col>To give the bag</col>, <cd>to

cheat.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I fear our ears have <qex>given</qex> us <qex>the

bag</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Webster.</qau>



-- <col>To give birth to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bear or bring

forth, as a child.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To originate; to give

existence to, as an enterprise, idea.</cd> -- <col>To give

chase</col>, <cd>to pursue.</cd> -- <col>To give ear to</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Ear</er>.</cd> -- <col>To give forth</col>,

<cd>to give out; to publish; to tell. <au>Hayward</au>.</cd> --

<col>To give ground</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ground</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>To give the hand</col>, <cd>to pledge

friendship or faith.</cd> -- <col>To give the hand of</col>,

<cd>to espouse; to bestow in marriage.</cd> -- <col>To give the

head</col>. <cd>See under <er>Head</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> --

<col>To give in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To abate; to deduct.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To declare; to make known; to announce; to

tender; as, <xex>to give in</xex> one's adhesion to a party.</cd>

-- <col>To give the lie to</col> <cd>(a person), to tell (him)

that he lies.</cd> -- <col>To give line</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Line</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To give off</col>, to emit, as

steam, vapor, odor, etc.</cd> -- <col>To give one's self

away</col>, <cd>to make an inconsiderate surrender of one's

cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the

like. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To give out</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To utter publicly; to report; to announce or

declare.</cd>



<q>One that <qex>gives out</qex> himself Prince Florizel.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Give out</qex> you are of Epidamnum.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a

substance <xex>gives out</xex> steam or odors.</cd> -- <col>To

give over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To yield completely; to quit;

to abandon.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To despair of.</cd>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To addict, resign, or apply (one's self).</cd>



<q>The Babylonians had <qex>given</qex> themselves

<qex>over</qex> to all manner of vice.</q>

<au>Grew.</au>



-- <col>To give place</col>, <cd>to withdraw; to yield one's

claim.</cd> -- <col>To give points</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In

games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain

advantage; to allow a handicap.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To give

useful suggestions. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To give

rein</col>. <cd>See under <er>Rein</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> --

<col>To give the sack</col> <cd>. Same as <xex>To give the

bag</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To give and take</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To average gains and losses.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc.</cd> -- <col>To give

time</col> <sd>(Law)</sd>, <cd>to accord extension or forbearance

to a debtor. <au>Abbott</au>.</cd> -- <col>To give the time of

day</col>, <cd>to salute one with the compliment appropriate to

the hour, as \'bdgood morning.\'b8 \'bdgood evening\'b8,

etc.</cd> -- <col>To give tongue</col>, <cd>in hunter's phrase,

to bark; -- said of dogs.</cd> -- <col>To give up</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To abandon; to surrender. \'bdDon't <xex>give

up</xex> the ship.\'b8</cd>



<q>He has . . . <qex>given up</qex>

For certain drops of salt, your city Rome.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make public; to reveal.</cd>



<q>I'll not state them

By <qex>giving up</qex> their characters.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>(Used also reflexively.</cd>) -- <col>To give up

the ghost</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ghost</er>.</cd> -- <col>To

give one's self up</col>, <cd>to abandon hope; to despair; to

surrender one's self.</cd> -- <col>To give way</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To withdraw; to give place.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding <xex>gave

way</xex>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To begin to

row; or to row with increased energy.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd>

<fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>. <cd>To depreciate or decline in

value; as, railroad securities <xex>gave way</xex> two per

cent.</cd> -- <col>To give way together</col>, <cd>to row in

time; to keep stroke.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Give</er>, <er>Confer</er>,

<er>Grant</er>.</syn> <usage> To <xex>give</xex> is the generic

word, embracing all the rest. To <xex>confer</xex> was originally

used of persons in power, who gave permanent grants or

privileges; as, to <xex>confer</xex> the order of knighthood; and

hence it still denotes the giving of something which might have

been withheld; as, to <xex>confer</xex> a favor. To

<xex>grant</xex> is to give in answer to a petition or request,

or to one who is in some way dependent or inferior.</usage>



<hw>Give</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

give a gift or gifts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to

become less rigid; <as>as, the earth <ex>gives</ex> under the

feet</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To become soft or moist.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon .</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To move; to recede.</def>



<q>Now back he <qex>gives</qex>, then rushes on amain.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To shed tears; to weep.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Whose eyes do never <qex>give</qex>

But through lust and laughter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To have a misgiving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My mind <qex>gives</qex> ye're reserved

To rob poor market women.</q>

<qau>J. Webster.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To open; to lead.</def> <mark>[A

Gallicism]</mark>



<q>This, yielding, <qex>gave</qex> into a grassy walk.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>To give back</col>, <cd>to recede; to retire; to

retreat.</cd>



<q>They <qex>gave back</qex> and came no farther.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



-- <col>To give in</col>, <cd>to yield; to succumb; to

acknowledge one's self beaten; to cease opposition.</cd>



<q>The Scots battalion was enforced to <qex>give in</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<q>This consideration may induce a translator to <qex>give

in</qex> to those general phrases.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



-- <col>To give off</col>, <cd>to cease; to forbear.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Locke</au>. -- <col>To give</col> <col>on

<or/ upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To rush; to fall upon.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have a view of; to be in

sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to

face.</cd> <mark>[A Gallicism: <plain>cf. Fr.</plain> donner

sur.]</mark>



<q>Rooms which <qex>gave upon</qex> a pillared porch.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>The gloomy staircase <qex>on</qex> which the grating

<qex>gave</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



-- <col>To give out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To expend all one's

strength.</cd> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cease from exertion; to

fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being <xex>to give out</xex>;

the flour has <xex>given out</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To give

over</col>, <cd>to cease; to discontinue; to desist.</cd>



<q>It would be well for all authors, if they knew when <qex>to

give over</qex>, and to desist from any further pursuits after

fame.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



-- <col>To give up</col>, <cd>to cease from effort; to yield; to

despair; as, he would never <xex>give up</xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Giv"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p. & a.</pos> from

<er>Give</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math. & Logic)</fld> <def>Granted; assumed;

supposed to be known; set forth as a known quantity, relation, or

premise.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disposed; inclined; -- used with an

<pos>adv.</pos>; <as>as, virtuously <ex>given</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Stated; fixed; <as>as, in a <ex>given</ex>

time</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Given name</col>, <cd>the Christian name, or name

<xex>given<xex> by one's parents or guardians, as distinguished

from the <xex>surname<xex>, which is inherited.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Giv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who gives; a

donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or

distributes.</def>



<q>It is the <qex>giver</qex>, and not the gift, that engrosses

the heart of the Christian.</q>

<qau>Kollock.</qau>



<hw>Gives</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Give</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Fetters.</def>



<hw>Giv"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gift; a benefaction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of softening, breaking, or

yielding.</def> \'bdUpon the first <xex>giving</xex> of the

weather.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<cs><col>Giving in</col>, <cd>a falling inwards; a collapse.</cd>

-- <col>Giving out</col>, <cd>anything uttered or asserted; an

outgiving.</cd></cs>



<q>His <qex>givings out</qex> were of an infinite distance

From his true meant design.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Giz"zard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>g\'82sier</ets>, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of

poultry. Cf. <er>Gigerium</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The second, or true, muscular

stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after

being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of

the esophagus; the gigerium.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thick

muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates

or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks.</def>



<cs><col>Gizzard shad</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an

American herring (<spn>Dorosoma cepedianum</spn>) resembling the

shad, but of little value.</cd> -- <col>To fret the

gizzard</col>, <cd>to harass; to vex one's self; to worry.

<mark>[Low]</mark> <au>Hudibras</au>.</cd> -- <col>To stick in

one's gizzard</col>, <cd>to be difficult of digestion; to be

offensive. <mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Gla*bel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Glabell<?/</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L.

<ets>glabellus</ets> hairless, fr. <ets>glaber</ets> bald.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The space between the eyebrows, also

including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the

mesophryon.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gla*bel"lar</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Gla*bel"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Glabella</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See

<er>Glabella</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The median,

convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See

<er>Trilobite</er>.</def>



<hw>Gla"brate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glabrare</ets>, fr. <ets>glaber</ets> smooth.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Becoming smooth or glabrous from

age.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gla"bre*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gla"bri*ate</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Glabrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To make smooth, plain, or

bare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Glab"ri*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glabritas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Smoothness; baldness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gla"brous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glaber</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ hollow, smooth, <?/ to

hollow.]</ety> <def>Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any

unevenness.</def>



<hw>Gla"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glacialis</ets>, from <ets>glacies</ets> ice: cf. F.

<ets>glacial</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to ice or

to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy; esp., pertaining

to glaciers; <as>as, <ex>glacial</ex> phenomena</as>.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Resembling ice; having the

appearance and consistency of ice; -- said of certain solid

compounds; <as>as, <ex>glacial</ex> phosphoric or acetic

acids</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Glacial acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid of

such strength or purity as to crystallize at an ordinary

temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic or carbolic acid.</cd>

-- <col>Glacial drift</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>earth and

rocks which have been transported by moving ice, land ice, or

icebergs; bowlder drift.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Glacial</col> epoch

<or/ <col>period</mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a period during

which the climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and

ice covered large portions of the northern hemisphere to the

mountain tops.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Glacial</col> <col>theory <or/

hypothesis</col></mcol>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Glacier

theory</cref>, under <er>Glacier</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gla"cial*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who attributes the

phenomena of the drift, in geology, to glaciers.</def>



<hw>Gla"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glaciatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>glaciare</ets> to freeze, fr.

<ets>glacies</ets> ice.]</ety> <def>To turn to ice.</def>



<hw>Gla"ci*ate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To convert

into, or cover with, ice.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To produce glacial effects

upon, as in the scoring of rocks, transportation of loose

material, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Glaciated rocks</col>, <cd>rocks whose surfaces have

been smoothed, furrowed, or striated, by the action of

ice.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gla`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Act of freezing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is formed by freezing; ice.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The process of glaciating, or the state of being

glaciated; the production of glacial phenomena.</def>



<hw>Gla"cier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>glacier</ets>, fr. <ets>glace</ets> ice, L.

<ets>glacies</ets>.]</ety> <def>An immense field or stream of

ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly

down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over an

extended area, as in Greenland.</def>



<note><hand/ The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of

a glacier is called the <xex>firn</xex>, or

<xex>n\'82v\'82</xex>; the glacier proper consist of solid ice,

deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope

or direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it

accumulations of stones and dirt called <xex>moraines</xex>,

which are designated, according to their position, as

<xex>lateral</xex>, <xex>medial</xex>, or <xex>terminal</xex>

(see <er>Moraine</er>). The common rate of flow of the Alpine

glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in summer, and

about half that in winter.</note>



<cs><col>Glacier theory</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the theory

that large parts of the frigid and temperate zones were covered

with ice during the <xex>glacial<xex>, or <xex>ice<xex>,

<xex>period<xex>, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose

materials on the earth's surface, called <xex>drift<xex> or

<xex>diluvium<xex>, were transported and accumulated.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gla"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Gla"cis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>glacis</ets>; -- so named from its smoothness. See

<er>Glacier</er>.]</ety> <def>A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently

sloping bank; especially <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, that slope of earth

which inclines from the covered way toward the exterior ground or

country (see <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Ravelin</er>).</def>



<-- p. 628 -->



<hw>Glad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Gladder</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Gladdest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>gl\'91d</ets> bright, glad; akin to D.

<ets>glad</ets> smooth, G. <ets>glatt</ets>, OHG. <ets>glat</ets>

smooth, shining, Icel. <ets>gla<?/r</ets> glad, bright, Dan. &

Sw. <ets>glad</ets> glad, Lith. <ets>glodas</ets> smooth, and

prob. to L. <ets>glaber</ets>, and E. <ets>glide</ets>. Cf.

<er>Glabrous</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; --

opposed to <xex>sorry</xex>, <xex>sorrowful</xex>, or

<xex>unhappy</xex>; -- said of persons, and often followed by

<xex>of</xex>, <xex>at</xex>, <xex>that</xex>, or by the

infinitive, and sometimes by <xex>with</xex>, introducing the

cause or reason.</def>



<q>A wise son maketh a <qex>glad</qex> father.</q>

<qau>Prov. x. 1.</qau>



<q>He that is <qex>glad</qex> at calamities shall not be

unpunished.</q>

<qau>Prov. xvii. 5.</qau>



<q>The Trojan, <qex>glad</qex> with sight of hostile blood.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>He, <qex>glad</qex> of her attention gained.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>As we are now <qex>glad</qex> to behold your eyes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Glad</qex> am I that your highness is so armed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Glad on 't</col>, <cd>glad of it.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <au>Shak.</au></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing

or exciting joy; producing gladness; exhilarating.</def>



<q>Her conversation

More <qex>glad</qex> to me than to a miser money is.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q><qex>Glad</qex> evening and <qex>glad</qex> morn crowned the

fourth day.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated;

delighted; happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering;

exhilarating; pleasing; animating.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Glad</er>, <er>Delighted</er>, <er>Gratified</er>.

<xex>Delighted</xex> expresses a much higher degree of pleasure

than <xex>glad</xex>. <xex>Gratified</xex> always refers to a

pleasure conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is

modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another.

A person may be <xex>glad</xex> or <xex>delighted</xex> to see a

friend, and <xex>gratified</xex> at the attention shown by his

visits.</usage>



<hw>Glad</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gladded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gladding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gladian</ets>. See

<er>Glad</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Gladden</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to

exhilarate.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>That which <qex>gladded</qex> all the warrior train.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Each drinks the juice that <qex>glads</qex> the heart of

man.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Glad</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be glad; to

rejoice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Massinger.</au>



<hw>Glad"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gladdened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gladdening</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Glad</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make glad; to cheer; to please; to

gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate.</def>



<q>A secret pleasure <qex>gladdened</qex> all that saw him.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Glad"den</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be or become glad; to

rejoice.</def>



<q>The vast Pacific <qex>gladdens</qex> with the freight.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Glad"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes

glad.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Glade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. of Scand.

origin, and akin to <ets>glad</ets>, a.; cf. also W.

<ets>golead</ets>, <ets>goleuad</ets>, a lighting, illumination,

fr. <ets>goleu</ets> light, clear, bright, <ets>goleu fwlch</ets>

glade, lit., a light or clear defile.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or

cleared space in a forest.</def>



<q>There interspersed in lawns and opening <qex>glades</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An everglade.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a

place left unfrozen; also, smooth ice.</def> <mark>[Local, U.

S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Bottom glade</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bottom</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Glade net</col>, <cd>in England, a net used for catching

woodcock and other birds in forest glades.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gla"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gl\'91dene</ets>, cf. L. <ets>gladius</ets> a sword. Cf.

<er>Gladiole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Sword grass; any

plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the European <spn>Iris

f\'d2tidissima</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gladwyn</asp>, <asp>gladdon</asp>, and

<asp>glader</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Glad"eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European yellow-hammer.</def>



<hw>Glad"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

gladness; joyful; glad.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>Glad"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>It followed him with <qex>gladful</qex> glee.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Glad"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gladius</ets> sword.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the

iris, or of the gladiolus.</def>



<hw>Glad"i*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>gladius</ets> sword. See <er>Glaive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with

weapons in public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony,

or in the arena, for public amusement.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who engages in any fierce combat or

controversy.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glad`i*a*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Glad`i*a*to"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants

in general.</def>



<hw>Glad"i*a`tor*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

art or practice of a gladiator.</def>



<hw>Glad"i*a`tor*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Conduct, state, or

art, of a gladiator.</def>



<hw>Glad"i*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gladiatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gladiatorial.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Glad"i*a*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gladiatura</ets>.]</ety> <def>Swordplay; fencing;

gladiatorial contest.</def>



<au>Gayton.</au>



<hw>Glad"i*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gladiolus</ets> a small sword, the sword lily, dim. of

<ets>gladius</ets> sword. See <er>Glaive</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lilylike plant, of the genus

<spn>Gladiolus</spn>; -- called also <altname>corn

flag</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gla*di"o*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Gladioli</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Gladioluses</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Gladiole</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants having

bulbous roots and gladiate leaves, and including many species,

some of which are cultivated and valued for the beauty of their

flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle portion of the

sternum in some animals; the mesosternum.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gla"di*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gladii</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a sword.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The internal shell, or pen, of

cephalopods like the squids.</def>



<hw>Glad"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Glad</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Preferably; by choice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully;

eagerly.</def>



<q>The common people heard him <qex>gladly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mark xii. 37.</qau>



<hw>Glad"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gl\'91dnes</ets>.]</ety> <def>State or quality of being

glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness.</def>



<q>They . . . did eat their meat with <qex>gladness</qex> and

singleness of heart.</q>

<qau>Acts ii. 46.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Gladness</xex> is rarely or never equivalent to

<xex>mirth</xex>, <xex>merriment</xex>, <xex>gayety</xex>, and

<xex>triumph</xex>, and it usually expresses less than

<xex>delight</xex>. It sometimes expresses great joy.</note>



<q>The Jews had joy and <qex>gladness</qex>, a feast and a good

day.</q>

<qau>Esther viii. 17.</qau>



<hw>Glad"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gl\'91dscipe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A state of gladness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Glad"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pleased; joyful; cheerful.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having

the appearance of gayety; pleasing.</def>



<q>Of opening heaven they sung, and <qex>gladsome</qex> day.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Glad"some*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Glad"some*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Hours of perfect <qex>gladsomeness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Glad"stone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after

Wm. E. <ets>Gladstone</ets>.]</ety> <def>A four-wheeled pleasure

carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver

and footman.</def>



<hw>Glad"wyn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Gladen</er>.</def>



<hw>Glair</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>glaire</ets>, <ets>glaire</ets> d'<?/uf, the glair of an

egg, prob. fr. L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear, bright. See

<er>Clear</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The white of egg. It is used as a size or a

glaze in bookbinding, for pastry, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling

the white of an egg.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of

halberd.</def>



<hw>Glair</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Glaired</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Glairing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smear with the

white of an egg.</def>



<hw>Glaire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Glair</er>.</def>



<hw>Glair"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Glairy;

covered with glair.</def>



<hw>Glair"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A glairy

viscous substance, which forms on the surface of certain mineral

waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; -- called also

<altname>baregin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Glair"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like glair, or

partaking of its qualities; covered with glair; viscous and

transparent; slimy.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Glaive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>glaive</ets>, L. <ets>gladius</ets>; prob. akin to E.

<ets>claymore</ets>. Cf. <er>Gladiator</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on

the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a

light lance with a long sharp-pointed head.</def>



<au>Wilhelm.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sword; -- used poetically and loosely.</def>



<q>The <qex>glaive</qex> which he did wield.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Gla"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.;cf. Gr.

<?/, L. <ets>gramiae</ets>, Gr. <?/ blear-eyed.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A copious gummy secretion of the humor of

the eyelids, in consequence of some disorder; blearedness;

lippitude.</def>



<hw>Gla"mour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>glamour</ets>, <ets>glamer</ets>; cf. Icel.

<ets>gl\'a0meggdr</ets> one who is troubled with the glaucoma

(?); or Icel. <ets>gl\'bem-s<?/ni</ets> weakness of sight,

glamour; <ets>gl\'bemr</ets> name of the moon, also of a ghost +

<ets>s<?/ni</ets> sight akin to E. <ets>see</ets>. Perh.,

however, a corruption of E. <ets>gramarye</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear

different from what they really are.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Witchcraft; magic; a spell.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of haze in the air, causing things to

appear different from what they really are.</def>



<q>The air filled with a strange, pale <qex>glamour</qex> that

seemed to lie over the broad valley.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any artificial interest in, or association with,

an object, through which it appears delusively magnified or

glorified.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Glamour gift</col>, <col>Glamour

might</col></mcol>, <cd>the gift or power of producing a glamour.

The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination

peculiar to women.</cd></cs>



<q>It had much of <qex>glamour might</qex>

To make a lady seem a knight.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Glam"ou*rie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Glamour.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Glance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D.

<ets>glans</ets> luster, brightness, G. <ets>glanz</ets>, Sw.

<ets>glans</ets>, D. <ets>glands</ets> brightness, glimpse. Cf.

<er>Gleen</er>, <er>Glint</er>, <er>Glitter</er>, and

<er>Glance</er> a mineral.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden flash of light or splendor.</def>



<q>Swift as the lightning <qex>glance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual

look; a swift survey; a glimpse.</def>



<q>Dart not scornful <qex>glances</qex> from those eyes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An incidental or passing thought or

allusion.</def>



<q>How fleet is a <qex>glance</qex> of the mind.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given to some

sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which have a brilliant metallic

luster, as the sulphide of copper, called <xex>copper

glance</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Glance coal</col>, <cd>anthracite; a mineral composed

chiefly of carbon.</cd> -- <col>Glance cobalt</col>,

<cd>cobaltite, or gray cobalt.</cd> -- <col>Glance copper</col>,

<cd>c<?/alcocite.</cd> -- <col>Glance wood</col>, <cd>a hard wood

grown in Cuba, and used for gauging instruments, carpenters'

rules, etc. <xex>McElrath<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glance</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Glanced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Glancing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.</def>



<q>From art, from nature, from the schools,

Let random influences <qex>glance</qex>,

Like light in many a shivered lance,

That breaks about the dappled pools.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike and fly off in an oblique direction;

to dart aside. \'b8Your arrow hath <xex>glanced</xex>\'b8.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>On me the curse aslope

<qex>Glanced</qex> on the ground.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to

snatch a momentary or hasty view.</def>



<q>The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,

Doth <qex>glance</qex> from heaven to earth, from earth to

heaven.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make an incidental or passing reflection; to

allude; to hint; -- often with <xex>at</xex>.</def>



<q>Wherein obscurely

C\'91sar\'b6s ambition shall be <qex>glanced</qex> at.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He <qex>glanced</qex> at a certain reverend doctor.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To move quickly, appearing and disappearing

rapidly; to be visible only for an instant at a time; to move

interruptedly; to twinkle.</def>



<q>And all along the forum and up the sacred seat,

His vulture eye pursued the trip of those small

<qex>glancing</qex> feet.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Glance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a

moment; <as>as, to <ex>glance</ex> the eye</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In company I often <qex>glanced</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Glan"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Shooting, as light.</def>



<q>When through the <qex>gancing</qex> lightnings fly.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Flying off (after striking) in an oblique

direction; <as>as, a <ex>glancing</ex> shot</as>.</def>



<hw>Glan"cing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a glancing manner;

transiently; incidentally; indirectly.</def>



<au>Hakewill.</au>



<hw>Gland</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>glande</ets>, L. <ets>glans</ets>, <ets>glandis</ets>,

acorn; akin to Gr. <?/ for <?/, and <?/ to cast, throw, the acorn

being the dropped fruit. Cf. <er>Parable</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An organ for

secreting something to be used in, or eliminated from, the body;

<as>as, the sebaceous <ex>glands</ex> of the skin; the salivary

<ex>glands</ex> of the mouth.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An

organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true, gland, as the

ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and pituitary <xex>glands</xex>, the

functions of which are very imperfectly known.</def>



<note><hand/ The true secreting glands are, in principle, narrow

pouches of the mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with

a continuation of the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells

of which produce the secretion from the blood. In the larger

glands, the pouches are tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled,

as in the sweat glands, or subdivided and branched, making

compound and racemose glands, such as the pancreas.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A special organ

of plants, usually minute and globular, which often secretes some

kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Any very small prominence.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Steam Mach.)</fld> <def>The movable part of a

stuffing box by which the packing is compressed; -- sometimes

called a <xex>follower</xex>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<cref>Stuffing box</cref>, under <er>Stuffing</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The crosspiece of a bayonet

clutch.</def>



<hw>Glan"dage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>glandage</ets>. See <er>Gland</er>.]</ety> <def>A feeding on

nuts or mast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Glan"dered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected

with glanders; <as>as, a <ex>glandered</ex> horse</as>.</def>



<au>Yu<?/att.</au>



<hw>Glan"der*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders.</def>



<au>Youatt.</au>



<hw>Glan"ders</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gland</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A highly contagious

and very destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc.,

characterized by a constant discharge of sticky matter from the

nose, and an enlargement and induration of the glands beneath and

within the lower jaw. It may transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep,

and to human beings.</def>



<hw>Glan*dif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glandifer</ets>; <ets>glans</ets>, <ets>glandis</ets>, acorn

+ <ets>ferre</ets> to bear; cf. F.

<ets>glandif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing acorns or other

nuts; <as>as, <ex>glandiferous</ex> trees</as>.</def>



<hw>Gland"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glans</ets>, <ets>glandis</ets>, acorn + <ets>-form</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>glandiforme</ets> .]</ety> <def>Having the form of a

gland or nut; resembling a gland.</def>



<hw>Glan"du*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glandulaire</ets>. See <er>Glandule</er>.]</ety>

<def>Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands;

pertaining to glands.</def>



<hw>Glan`du*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glandulation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants.</def>



<au>Martyn.</au>



<q><qex>Glandulation</qex> respects the secretory vessels, which

are either glandules, follicles, or utricles.</q>

<qau>J. Lee.</qau>



<hw>Glan"dule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glandula</ets>, dim. of <ets>glans</ets>,

<ets>glandis</ets>, acorn: cf. F. <ets>glandule</ets>. See

<er>Gland</er>.]</ety> <def>A small gland or secreting

vessel.</def>



<hw>Glan`du*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glandula</ets> gland + <ets>-ferous</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>glandulif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing glandules.</def>



<hw>Glan"du*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Glandulous</er>.</def>



<hw>Glan`du*los"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Glan"du*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glandulosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glanduleux</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to

glands; resembling glands.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glans</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Glandes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See

<er>Gland</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The vascular body which forms

the apex of the penis, and the extremity of the clitoris.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The acorn or mast of the oak

and similar fruits.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Goiter.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pessary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Glare</hw> <pr>(gl<acir/r)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Glaring</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>glaren</ets>, <ets>gloren</ets>; cf. AS.

<ets>gl\'91r</ets> amber, LG. <ets>glaren</ets> to glow or burn

like coals, D. <ets>gloren</ets> to glimmer; prob. akin to E.

<ets>glass</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To shine with a bright, dazzling light.</def>



<q>The cavern glares with new-admitted light.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare

earnestly, angrily, or fiercely.</def>



<q>And eye that scorcheth all it <qex>glares</qex> upon.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to

be ostentatiously splendid or gay.</def>



<q>She <qex>glares</qex> in balls, front boxes, and the ring.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Glare</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shoot out, or emit, as a

dazzling light.</def>



<q>Every eye

<qex>Glared</qex> lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Glare</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bright, dazzling

light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a confusing and

bewildering light.</def>



<q>The frame of burnished steel that cast a <qex>glare</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fierce, piercing look or stare.</def>



<q>About them round,

A lion now he stalks with fiery <qex>glare</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A viscous, transparent substance. See

<er>Glair</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A smooth, bright, glassy surface; <as>as, a

<ex>glare</ex> of ice</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S. ]</mark>



<hw>Glare</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Glary</er>, and

<er>Glare</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Smooth and bright or

translucent; -- used almost exclusively of ice; <as>as, skating

on <ex>glare</ex> ice</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark><-- used

generally of reflections of the sun -->



<-- p. 629 -->



<hw>Glar"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glaireux</ets>. See <er>Glair</er>.]</ety>

<def>Glairy.</def>



<au>John Georgy (1766).</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glar"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Glar"ing*ness</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dazzling luster or brilliancy.</def>



<hw>Glar"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clear; notorious; open and

bold; barefaced; <as>as, a <ex>glaring</ex> crime</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Glar"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Glar"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a dazzling

luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.</def>



<q>Bright, crystal glass is <qex>glary</qex>.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<hw>Glass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>glas</ets>, <ets>gles</ets>, AS. <ets>gl\'91s</ets>; akin to

D., G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>glas</ets>, Icel. <ets>glas</ets>,

<ets>gler</ets>, Dan. <ets>glar</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>gl\'91r</ets>

amber, L. <ets>glaesum</ets>. Cf. <er>Glare</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Glaze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly

transparent substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal

fracture, and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime,

potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes and

mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and

various articles of ornament.</def>



<note><hand/ Glass is variously colored by the metallic oxides;

thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or

(cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary

yellow; iron, green or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque

white; chromium, emerald green; antimony, yellow.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any substance having a

peculiar glassy appearance, and a conchoidal fracture, and

usually produced by fusion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything made of glass</def>. Especially:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A looking-glass; a mirror</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an

hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is

exhausted of its sand</def>.



<q>She would not live

The running of one <qex>glass</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence,

the contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors;

as, he took a <xex>glass</xex> at dinner</def>. <sd>(d)</sd>

<def>An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural,

spectacles; as, a pair of <xex>glasses</xex>; he wears

<xex>glasses</xex></def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A weatherglass; a

barometer</def>.



<note><hand/ <xex>Glass</xex> is much used adjectively or in

combination; as, <xex>glass</xex> maker, or

<xex>glass</xex>maker; <xex>glass</xex> making or

<xex>glass</xex>making; <xex>glass</xex> blower or

<xex>glass</xex>blower, etc.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Bohemian glass</col>, <col>Cut glass</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc. See under <er>Bohemian</er>, <er>Cut</er>, etc.</cd> --

<col>Crown glass</col>, <cd>a variety of glass, used for making

the finest plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of

silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of lead;

the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass;

-- so called from a crownlike shape given it in the process of

blowing.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Crystal glass</col>, <or/ <col>Flint

glass</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Flint glass</er>, in the

Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder glass</col>, <cd>sheet glass

made by blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then

split longitudinally, opened out, and flattened.</cd> --

<col>Glass of antimony</col>, <cd>a vitreous oxide of antimony

mixed with sulphide.</cd> -- <col>Glass blower</col>, <cd>one

whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass.</cd> -- <col>Glass

blowing</col>, <cd>the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat

to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube.</cd> --

<col>Glass cloth</col>, <cd>a woven fabric formed of glass

fibers.</cd> -- <col>Glass coach</col>, <cd>a coach superior to a

hackney-coach, hired for the day, or any short period, as a

private carriage; -- so called because originally private

carriages alone had glass windows. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd>

<au>Smart.</au>



<q><qex>Glass coaches</qex> are [allowed in English parks from

which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which

is never used in America, hired carriages that do not go on

stands.

<qau>J. F. Cooper.</qau>



-- <col>Glass cutter</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One who cuts sheets

of glass into sizes for window panes, ets.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and

polishing.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A tool, usually with a diamond

at the point, for cutting glass.</cd> -- <col>Glass

cutting</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The act or process of dividing

glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The act or process of shaping the surface of

glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand,

emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied; especially

of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and the

like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said

to be <xex>engraved</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Glass metal</col>,

<cd>the fused material for making glass.</cd> -- <col>Glass

painting</col>, <cd>the art or process of producing decorative

effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining

the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other

metal. In common parlance, <xex>glass painting</xex> and

<xex>glass staining</xex> (see <cref>Glass staining</cref>,

below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in

windows, and the like.</cd> -- <col>Glass paper</col>, <cd>paper

faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes.</cd>

-- <col>Glass silk</col>, <cd>fine threads of glass, wound, when

in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders.</cd> --

<col>Glass silvering</col>, <cd>the process of transforming plate

glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a

deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Glass

soap</col>, <or/ <col>Glassmaker's soap</col></mcol>, <cd>the

black oxide of manganese or other substances used by glass makers

to take away color from the materials for glass.</cd> --

<col>Glass staining</col>, <cd>the art or practice of coloring

glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors,

in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf.

<xex>Glass painting</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Glass tears</col>.

<cd>See <er>Rupert's drop</er>.</cd> -- <col>Glass works</col>,

<cd>an establishment where glass is made.</cd> -- <col>Heavy

glass</col>, <cd>a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of

a borosilicate of potash.</cd> -- <col>Millefiore glass</col>.

<cd>See <er>Millefiore</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plate glass</col>,

<cd>a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened by

heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows.</cd> --

<col>Pressed glass</col>, <cd>glass articles formed in molds by

pressure when hot.</cd> -- <col>Soluble glass</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a silicate of sodium or potassium, found

in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved

as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics

incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called

also <altname>water glass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Spun

glass</col>, <cd>glass drawn into a thread while liquid.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Toughened glass</col>, <col>Tempered

glass</col></mcol>, <cd>glass finely tempered or annealed, by a

peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil,

melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name of

the inventor of the process, <altname>Bastie

glass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Water glass</col>.

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Soluble glass</cref>,

above.</cd> -- <col>Window glass</col>, <cd>glass in panes

suitable for windows.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glass</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Glassed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Glassing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively.</def>



<q>Happy to <qex>glass</qex> themselves in such a mirror.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<q>Where the Almighty's form <qex>glasses</qex> itself in

tempests.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To case in glass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by

rubbing it with a glass burnisher.</def>



<hw>Glass"-crab`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larval state

(<spn>Phyllosoma</spn>) of the genus <spn>Palinurus</spn> and

allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines,

thinness, and transparency. See <er>Phyllosoma</er>.</def>



<hw>Glass"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Glassy;

glazed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And pursues the dice with <qex>glassen</qex> eyes.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Glass"eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the great lakes; the

wall-eyed pike.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A species of blindness in

horses in which the eye is bright and the pupil dilated; a sort

of amaurosis.</def>



<au>Youatt.</au>



<hw>Glass"-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Mirror-faced; reflecting the sentiments of another.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>glass-faced</xex> flatterer.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Glass"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Glassfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The contents of a

glass; as much of anything as a glass will hold.</def>



<hw>Glass"ful</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Glassy; shining like

glass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdMinerva's

<xex>glassful</xex> shield.\'b8



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Glass"-gaz`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to

viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Glass"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house

where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in

glassware.</def>



<hw>Glass"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to

resemble glass.</def>



<hw>Glass"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

glassy.</def>



<hw>Glass"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member of a

Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by John

<xex>Glass</xex>, a minister of the Established Church of

Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is \'bdno more than a

simple assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the

understanding.\'b8 The English and American adherents of this

faith are called <xex>Sandemanians</xex>, after Robert

<xex>Sandeman</xex>, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass.</def>



<mhw><hw>Glass" mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/

<hw>Glass"mak`er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes, or

manufactures, glass.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Glass" mak`ing</wf>,

<or/ <wf>Glass"mak`ing</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Glass"-rope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the

genus <spn>Hyalonema</spn>, first brought from Japan. It has a

long stem, consisting of a bundle of long and large, glassy,

siliceous fibers, twisted together.</def>



<hw>Glass"-snail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, transparent, land snail, of

the genus <spn>Vitrina</spn>.</def>



<hw>Glass"-snake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long, footless lizard

(<spn>Ophiosaurus ventralis</spn>), of the Southern United

States; -- so called from its fragility, the tail easily breaking

into small pieces. It grows to the length of three feet. The name

is applied also to similar species found in the Old World.</def>



<hw>Glass"-sponge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A siliceous sponge, of the genus

<spn>Hyalonema</spn>, and allied genera; -- so called from their

glassy fibers or spicules; -- called also <altname>vitreous

sponge</altname>. See <er>Glass-rope</er>, and

<er>Euplectella</er>.</def>



<hw>Glass"ware</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ware, or

articles collectively, made of glass.</def>



<hw>Glass"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Manufacture

of glass; articles or ornamentation made of glass.</def>



<hw>Glass"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A seashore plant of the Spinach family

(<spn>Salicornia herbacea</spn>), with succulent jointed stems;

also, a prickly plant of the same family (<spn>Salsola

Kali</spn>), both formerly burned for the sake of the ashes,

which yield soda for making glass and soap.</def>



<hw>Glass"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Made of glass; vitreous; <as>as, a <ex>glassy</ex>

substance</as>.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling glass in its properties, as in

smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; <as>as, a

<ex>glassy</ex> stream; a <ex>glassy</ex> surface; the

<ex>glassy</ex> deep.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said

of the eyes.</def> \'bdIn his <xex>glassy</xex> eye.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<cs><col>Glassy feldspar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety

of orthoclase; sanidine.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glass"ton*bur*y thorn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A variety of the common hawthorn.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<hw>Glas"ynge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Glazing or

glass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Glau"ber*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Glauber</ets>, a German chemist, died 1668: cf. F.

<ets>glaub\'82rite</ets>, G. <ets>glauberit</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of

soda and lime.</def>



<mhw><hw>Glau"ber's salt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <or/ <hw>Glau"ber's

salts`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>. <ety>[G.

<ets>glaubersalz</ets>, from <ets>Glauber</ets>, a German chemist

who discovered it. See <er>Glauberite</er>.]</ety> <def>Sulphate

of soda, a well-known cathartic. It is a white crystalline

substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly

called \'bd<xex>salts</xex>.\'b8</def>



<note><hand/ It occurs naturally and abundantly in some mineral

springs, and in many salt deposits, as the mineral

<xex>mirabilite</xex>. It is manufactured in large quantities as

an intermediate step in the \'bdsoda process,\'b8 and also for

use in glass making.</note>



<hw>Glau*ces"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Glaucous</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a somewhat glaucous

appearance or nature; becoming glaucous.</def>



<hw>Glau"cic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to the <xex>Glaucium</xex> or horned poppy;

-- formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be

fumaric acid.</def>



<hw>Glau"cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Glaucous or

glaucescent.</def>



<hw>Glau"cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>An alkaloid obtained from the plant <xex>Glaucium</xex>, as

a bitter, white, crystalline substance.</def>



<hw>Glau"co*dot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

silvery, gray + <?/ to give.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and containing

cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glau*co"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ light gray, blue gray.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of

transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media

of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with

marked increase of tension within the eyeball.</def>



<hw>Glau*co"ma*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the nature of glaucoma.</def>



<hw>Glau*com"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gleucometer</er>.</def>



<hw>Glau"co*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glauconite</ets>, <ets>glauconie</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>glaucus</ets>. See <er>Glaucous</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The green mineral characteristic of the

greensand of the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous

silicate of iron and potash. See <er>Greensand</er>.</def>



<hw>Glau"co*phane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

silvery, gray + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is

characteristic of certain crystalline rocks.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glau*co"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Glaucoma</er>.</def>



<hw>Glau"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glaucus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing

into grayish blue.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with a fine bloom or

fine white powder easily rubbed off, as that on a blue plum, or

on a cabbage leaf.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Glau"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., sea

green.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

nudibranchiate mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming

in the open sea. These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue

and silvery white.</def>



<hw>Glaum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>To grope with the hands, as in the

dark.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<cs><col>To glaum at</col>, <cd>to grasp or snatch at; to aspire

to.</cd></cs>



<q>Wha <qex>glaum'd at</qex> kingdoms three.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<hw>Glave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Glaive</er>.</def>



<hw>Glav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Of Celtic

origin; cf. W. <ets>glafr</ets> flattery.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To prate; to jabber; to babble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Here many, clepid filosophirs, <qex>glavern</qex>

diversely.</q>

<qau>Wyclif.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To flatter; to wheedle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Some slavish, <qex>glavering</qex>, flattering parasite.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Glav"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

flatterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mir. for Mag.</au>



<hw>Glay"more`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

claymore.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Glase</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glased</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Glazing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>glasen</ets>, <ets>glazen</ets>, fr.

<ets>glas</ets>. See <er>Glass</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease,

etc.) with glass.</def>



<q>Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and

<qex>glazed</qex> with crystalline glass.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin

surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; <as>as, to

<ex>glaze</ex> earthenware</as>; hence, to render smooth,

glasslike, or glossy; <as>as, to <ex>glaze</ex> paper, gunpowder,

and the like</as>.</def>



<q>Sorrow's eye <qex>glazed</qex> with blinding tears.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>To apply thinly a

transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to

modify the effect.</def>



<hw>Glaze</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become glazed of

glassy.</def>



<hw>Glaze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The vitreous

coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or

color in glazing. See <er>Glaze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 3.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Broth reduced by boiling to

a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A glazing oven. See <er>Glost oven</er>.</def>



<hw>Glaz"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gl\'91sen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling glass; glasslike;

glazed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Glaz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who

gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or

smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing,

smoothing, etc.; amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel

covered with emery, or having a band of lead and tin alloy, for

polishing cutlery, etc.</def>



<hw>Gla"zier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Glaze</er>.]</ety> <def>One whose business is to set

glass.</def>



<cs><col>Glazier's diamond</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Diamond</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glaz"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a

vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering

glossy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame.

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with

which any surface is incrusted or overlaid; <as>as, the

<ex>glazing</ex> of pottery or porcelain, or of paper</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Transparent, or

semitransparent, colors passed thinly over other colors, to

modify the effect.</def>



<hw>Glaz"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a glazed

appearance; -- said of the fractured surface of some kinds of pin

iron.</def>



<hw>Glead</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A live coal. See

<er>Gleed</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Gleam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>glem</ets> birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E.

<ets>englaimed</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To

disgorge filth, as a hawk.</def>



<hw>Gleam</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>glem</ets>,

<ets>gleam</ets>, AS. <ets>gl\'91m</ets>, prob. akin to E.

<ets>glimmer</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/ warm, <?/ to warm. Cf.

<er>Glitter</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a

beam; a ray; a glimpse.</def>



<q>Transient unexpected <qex>gleams</qex> of joi.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>At last a <qex>gleam</qex>

Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste

His [Satan's] traveled steps.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A glimmer, and then a <qex>gleam</qex> of light.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Brightness; splendor.</def>



<q>In the clear azure <qex>gleam</qex> the flocks are seen.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Gleam</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gleamed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Gleaming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

shoot, or dart, as rays of light; <as>as, at the dawn, light

<ex>gleams</ex> in the east</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shine; to cast light; to glitter.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Gleam</er>, <er>Glimmer</er>,

<er>Glitter</er>.</syn> <usage> To <xex>gleam</xex> denotes a

faint but distinct emission of light. To <xex>glimmer</xex>

describes an indistinct and unsteady giving of light. To

<xex>glitter</xex> imports a brightness that is intense, but

varying. The morning light <xex>gleams</xex> upon the earth; a

distant taper <xex>glimmers</xex> through the mist; a dewdrop

<xex>glitters</xex> in the sun. See <er>Flash</er>.</usage>



<hw>Gleam</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shoot out (flashes of

light, etc.).</def>



<q>Dying eyes <qex>gleamed</qex> forth their ashy lights.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gleam"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Darting beams of light;

casting light in rays; flashing; coruscating.</def>



<q>In brazed arms, that cast a <qex>gleamy</qex> ray,

Swift through the town the warrior bends his way.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<-- p. 630 -->



<hw>Glean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gleaned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gleaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glenen</ets>, OF.

<ets>glener</ets>, <ets>glaner</ets>, F. <ets>glaner</ets>, fr.

LL. <ets>glenare</ets>; cf. W. <ets>glan</ets> clean,

<ets>glanh<?/u</ets> to clean, purify, or AS. <ets>gelm</ets>,

<ets>gilm</ets>, a hand<?/ul.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To gather after a reaper; to collect in

scattered or fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper,

or grapes left after the gathering.</def>



<q>To <qex>glean</qex> the broken ears after the man

That the main harvest reaps.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is

left.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To collect with patient and minute labor; to

pick out; to obtain.</def>



<q>Content to <qex>glean</qex> what we can from . . .

experiments.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Glean</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To gather

stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.</def>



<q>And she went, and came, and <qex>gleaned</qex> in the field

after the reapers.</q>

<qau>Ruth ii. 3.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pick up or gather anything by degrees.</def>



<q>Piecemeal they this acre first, then that;

<qex>Glean</qex> on, and gather up the whole estate.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Glean</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A collection made by

gleaning.</def>



<q>The <qex>gleans</qex> of yellow thyme distend his thighs.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Glean</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cleaning; afterbirth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Glean"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who gathers after reapers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who gathers slowly with labor.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Glean"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of gathering after

reapers; that which is collected by gleaning.</def>



<q><qex>Glenings</qex> of natural knowledge.</q>

<qau>Cook.</qau>



<hw>Glebe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gl\'8abe</ets>, L. <ets>gleba</ets>, <ets>glaeba</ets>,

clod, land, soil.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lump; a clod.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Turf; soil; ground; sod.</def>



<q>Fertile of corn the <qex>glebe</qex>, of oil, and wine.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The land belonging, or

yielding revenue, to a parish church or ecclesiastical

benefice.</def>



<hw>Glebe"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no glebe.</def>



<hw>Gle*bos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being glebous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gleb"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gleb"y</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>glaebosus</ets> cloddy.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the glebe;

turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful.</def> \'bd<xex>Gleby</xex>

land.\'b8



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Glede</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>glida</ets>, akin to Icel. <ets>gle<?/a</ets>,, Sw.

<ets>glada</ets>. Cf. <er>Glide</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European kite (<spn>Milvus

ictinus</spn>). This name is also sometimes applied to the

buzzard.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>glead</asp>,

<asp>gled</asp>, <asp>gleed</asp>, <asp>glade</asp>, and

<asp>glide</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Glede</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gleed</er>.]</ety>

<def>A live coal.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The cruel ire, red as any <qex>glede</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Glee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gle</ets>, <ets>gleo</ets>, AS. <ets>gle\'a2w</ets>,

<ets>gle\'a2</ets>, akin to Icel. <ets>gl<?/</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/

joke, jest.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Music; minstrelsy; entertainment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the

mirth enjoyed at a feast.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An unaccompanied part song for

three or more solo voices. It is not necessarily gleesome.</def>



<hw>Gleed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gl<?/d</ets>, fr. <ets>gl<?/wan</ets> to glow as a fire;

akin to D. <ets>gloed</ets>, G. <ets>glut</ets>, Icel.

<ets>gl<?/<?/</ets>. See <er>Glow</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A live or glowing coal; a glede.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Glee"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Merry; gay;

joyous.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gleek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr. Icel.

<ets>leika</ets> to play, play a trick on, with the prefix

<ets>ge-</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>gel\'becan</ets>, Sw.

<ets>leka</ets> to play, Dan. <ets>lege</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A jest or scoff; a trick or deception.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his

<qex>gleeks</qex> ?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Glicke</er>]</ety> <def>An enticing

look or glance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A pretty <qex>gleek</qex> coming from Pallas' eye.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Gleek</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make sport; to gibe; to

sneer; to spend time idly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gleek</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>glic</ets>, G.

<ets>gl\'81ck</ets>, fortune. See <er>Luck</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A game at cards, once popular, played by three

persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pepys. Evelyn.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Three of the same cards held in the same hand;

-- hence, three of anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Glee"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gleemen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Glee</ets> +

<ets>man</ets>; AS. <ets>gle\'a2man</ets>.]</ety> <def>A name

anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.</def>



<hw>Gleen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Glance</er>, <er>Glint</er>.]</ety> <def>To glisten; to

gleam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Glee"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Merry;

joyous; gleeful.</def>



<hw>Gleet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>glette</ets>, <ets>glet</ets>, <ets>glat</ets>, mucus, pus,

filth, OF. <ets>glete</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the urethra,

commonly an effect of gonorrhea.</def>



<au>Hoblyn.</au>



<hw>Gleet</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To flow in a

thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To flow slowly, as water.</def>



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<hw>Gleet"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ichorous; thin;

limpid.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Gleg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>gl\'94ggr</ets>.]</ety> <def>Quick of perception; alert;

sharp.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<mhw><hw>Gleire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gleyre</hw></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> See <er>Glair</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Glen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Celtic origin;

cf. W. <ets>glyn</ets> a deep valley, Ir. & Gael.

<ets>gleann</ets> valley, glen.]</ety> <def>A secluded and narrow

valley; a dale; a depression between hills.</def>



<q>And wooes the widow's daughter of the <qex>glen</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glen*liv"at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Glen*liv"et</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of Scotch whisky,

named from the district in which it was first made.</def>



<au>W. E. Aytoun.</au>



<hw>Gle"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

socket of a joint + <?/ form; cf. F.

<ets>gl\'82no\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having

the form of a smooth and shallow depression; sock<?/tlike; --

applied to several articular surfaces of bone; <as>as, the

<ex>glenoid</ex> cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the

head of the humerus articulates</as>.</def>



<hw>Gle*noid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Glenoid.</def>



<hw>Glent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Glint</er>.</def>



<hw>Gleu*com"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

must + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gleucom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the quantity of

sugar contained in must.</def>



<hw>Glew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Glue</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gli<?/en</ets>, <ets>glien</ets>, <ets>gleien</ets>, to

shine, to squint; cf. Icel. <ets>glj\'be</ets> to glitter.]</ety>

<def>To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Gley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Asquint;

askance; obliquely.</def>



<hw>Gli"a*din</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glue: cf. F. <ets>gliadine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the

constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous

substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin.</def>



<hw>Glib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Glibber</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Glibbest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Prob. fr. D. <ets>glibberen</ets>, <ets>glippen</ets>, to

slide, <ets>glibberig</ets>, <ets>glipperig</ets>, glib,

slippery.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Smooth; slippery; <as>as, ice is

<ex>glib</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant

rapidity; fluent; voluble; <as>as, a <ex>glib</ex> tongue; a

<ex>glib</ex> speech.</as></def>



<q>I want that <qex>glib</qex> and oily art,

To speak and purpose not.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.</syn>



<hw>Glib</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make glib.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Glib</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir. & Gael. <ets>glib</ets> a

lock of hair.]</ety> <def>A thick lock of hair, hanging over the

eyes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long

<qex>glibs</qex>, which is a thick curied bush of hair hanging

down over their eyes, and monstrously disguising them.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Their wild costume of the <qex>glib</qex> and mantle.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>Glib</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. O. & Prov. E.

<ets>lib</ets> to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. <ets>live</ets>, LG.

& OD. <ets>lubben</ets>.]</ety> <def>To castrate; to geld; to

emasculate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gilb"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Slippery; changeable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My love is <qex>glibbery</qex>; there is no hold on't.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moving easily; nimble; voluble.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thy lubrical and <qex>glibbery</qex> muse.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Glib"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a glib manner; <as>as,

to speak <ex>glibly</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Glib"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

glib.</def>



<hw>Glicke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gleek</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2, and Ir. & Gael. <ets>glic</ets>

wise, cunning, crafty.]</ety> <def>An ogling look.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Glid"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.

p.</pos> of <er>Glide</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glid"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Glid"der*y</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Glide</er>.]</ety> <def>Giving no sure footing; smooth;

slippery.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<q>Shingle, slates, and <qex>gliddery</qex> stones.</q>

<qau>R. D. Blackmore.</qau>



<hw>Glide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The glede or kite.</def>



<hw>Glide</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Glided</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gliding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl\'c6dan</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>glijden</ets>, OHG. <ets>gl\'c6tan</ets>, G.

<ets>gleiten</ets>, Sw. <ets>glida</ets>, Dan. <ets>glide</ets>,

and prob. to E. <ets>glad</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To move gently and smoothly; to pass along

without noise, violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and

easily, or with a smooth, silent motion, as a river in its

channel, a bird in the air, a skater over ice.</def>



<q>The river <qex>glideth</qex> at his own sweet will.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>To pass with a glide, as the

voice.</def>



<hw>Glide</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or manner

of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or

obstruction.</def>



<q>They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts,

With rapid <qex>glide</qex>, along the leaning line.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<q>Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself,

And with indented <qex>glides</qex> did slip away.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A transitional sound in

speech which is produced by the changing of the mouth organs from

one definite position to another, and with gradual change in the

most frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end

of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or consonant

to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other of a

double or diphthongal consonant (see <xex>Guide to

Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/ 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell

and others), the vanish (or brief final element) or the brief

initial element, in a class of diphthongal vowels, or the brief

final or initial part of some consonants (see <xex>Guide to

Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/ 18, 97, 191).</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>on-glide</xex> of a vowel or consonant is

the glidemade in passing to it, the <xex>off-glide</xex>, one

made in passing from it. Glides of the other sort are

distinguished as <xex>initial</xex> or <xex>final</xex>, or

<xex>fore-glides</xex> and <xex>after-glides</xex>. For

<xex>voice-glide</xex>, see <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>,

<sect/<sect/ 17, 95.</note>



<hw>Glid"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.

p.</pos> of <er>Glide</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Glid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, glides.</def>



<hw>Glid"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a gliding

manner.</def>



<hw>Gliff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>gliffen</ets>, <ets>gliften</ets>, to look with fear

at.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A transient glance; an unexpected

view of something that startles one; a sudden fear.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A moment: as, for a <xex>gliff</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Glike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gleek</er> a jest.]</ety> <def>A sneer; a flout.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Glim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Brightness; splendor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A light or candle.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<cs><col>Douse the glim</col>, <cd>put out the light.

<mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Glim"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glimmered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Glimmering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to G.

<ets>glimmer</ets> a faint, trembling light, mica,

<ets>glimmern</ets> to glimmer, <ets>glimmen</ets> to shine

faintly, glow, Sw. <ets>glimma</ets>, Dan. <ets>glimre</ets>, D.

<ets>glimmen</ets>, <ets>glimpen</ets>. See <er>Gleam</er> a ray,

and cf. <er>Glimpse</er>.]</ety> <def>To give feeble or scattered

rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint, unsteady light;

<as>as, the <ex>glimmering</ex> dawn; a <ex>glimmering</ex>

lamp.</as></def>



<q>The west yet <qex>glimmers</qex> with some streaks of day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See <er>Gleam</er>,

<er>Flash</er>.</syn>



<hw>Glim"mer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A faint,

unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a

gleam.</def>



<q>Gloss of satin and <qex>glimmer</qex> of pearls.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mica. See <er>Mica</er>.</def>



<au>Woodsward.</au>



<cs><col>Glimmer gowk</col>, <cd>an owl. <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Glim"mer*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Faint,

unsteady light; a glimmer.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an

inkling.</def>



<hw>Glimpse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>glimse</ets>, from the root of <ets>glimmer</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden flash; transient luster.</def>



<q>LIght as the lightning <qex>glimpse</qex> they ran.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A short, hurried view; a transitory or

fragmentary perception; a quick sight.</def>



<q>Here hid by shrub wood, there by <qex>glimpses</qex> seen.</q>

<qau>S. Rogers.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A faint idea; an inkling.</def>



<hw>Glimpse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glimpsed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Glimpsing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>to appear by glimpses; to

catch glimpses.</def>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Glimpse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To catch a glimpse of; to

see by glimpses; to have a short or hurried view of.</def>



<q>Some <qex>glimpsing</qex> and no perfect sight.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Glint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>glent</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glimpse, glance, or gleam.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark> \'bdHe saw a <xex>glint</xex> of light.\'b8



<au>Ramsay.</au>



<hw>Glint</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Glinted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Glinting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glenten</ets>. Cf.

<er>Glance</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, <er>Glitter</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from

the bud; to glitter.</def>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Glint</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To glance; to turn; <as>as,

to <ex>glint</ex> the eye</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gli*o"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/  glue + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the

brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous

system.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gli"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

dormice.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of mammals;

the Rodentia.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gli"rine</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Glis`sade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>glisser</ets> to slip.]</ety> <def>A sliding, as down a snow

slope in the Alps.</def>



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>Glis*san"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos> <ety>[As if

It. = Fr. <ets>glissant</ets> sliding.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>A gliding effect; gliding.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glis*sette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>glisser</ets> to slip.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<def>The locus described by any point attached to a curve that

slips continuously on another fixed curve, the movable curve

having no rotation at any instant.</def>



<hw>Glist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Glisten</er>.]</ety> <def>Glimmer; mica.</def>



<hw>Glis"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glistened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Glistening</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glistnian</ets>, akin

to <ets>glisnen</ets>, <ets>glisien</ets>, AS.

<ets>glisian</ets>, <ets>glisnian</ets>, akin to E.

<ets>glitter</ets>. See <er>Glitter</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and

cf. <er>Glister</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To sparkle or

shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful

luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; <as>as,

the <ex>glistening</ex> stars</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Flash</er>.</syn>



<hw>Glis"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glistered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Glistering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glistren</ets>;

akin to G. <ets>glistern</ets>,<ets>glinstern</ets>, D.

<ets>glinsteren</ets>, and E. <ets>glisten</ets>. See

<er>Glisten</er>.]</ety> <def>To be bright; to sparkle; to be

brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter.</def>



<q>All that <qex>glisters</qex> is not gold.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Glis"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Glitter; luster.</def>



<hw>Glis"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>glistere</ets>.]</ety> Same as <er>Clyster</er>.



<hw>Glis"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a glistering

manner.</def>



<hw>Glit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glittered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Glittering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gliteren</ets>;

akin to Sw. <ets>glittra</ets>, Icel. <ets>glitra</ets>,

<ets>glita</ets>, AS. <ets>glitenian</ets>, OS.

<ets>gl\'c6tan</ets>, OHG. <ets>gl\'c6zzan</ets>, <ets>G</ets>.

<ets>gleissen</ets>, Goth. <ets>glitmunjan</ets>, and also to E.

<ets>glint</ets>, <ets>glisten</ets>, and prob.

<ets>glance</ets>, <ets>gleam</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant

and broken light or showy luster; to gleam; <as>as, a

<ex>glittering</ex> sword</as>.</def>



<q>The field yet <qex>glitters</qex> with the pomp of war.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence

attractive; <as>as, the <ex>glittering</ex> scenes of a

court</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to

glare. See <er>Gleam</er>, <er>Flash</er>.</syn>



<hw>Glit"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bright, sparkling light;

brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy; <as>as, the

<ex>glitter</ex> of arms; the <ex>glitter</ex> of royal

equipage.</as></def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Glit"ter*and</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Glittering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Glit"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a glittering

manner.</def>



<hw>Gloam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gloom</er>, <er>Glum</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.</def>



<sn>2.<sn> <def>To be sullen or morose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gloam</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The twilight; gloaming.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Keats.</au>



<hw>Gloam"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gloom</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Twilight; dusk; the fall

of the evening.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng., and in

poetry.]</mark>



<au>Hogg.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sullenness; melancholy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Still.</au>



<hw>Gloar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OD. gloeren,

glueren, gluyeren. Cf. <er>Glower</er>.]</ety> <def>To squint; to

stare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gloat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gloated</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Gloating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to

Icel. <ets>glotta</ets> to smile scornfully, G.

<ets>glotzen</ets> to gloat.]</ety> <def>To look steadfastly; to

gaz<?/ earnestly; -- usually in a bad sense, to gaze with malig

nant satisfaction, passionate desire, lust, or avarice.</def>



<q>In vengeance <qex>gloating</qex> on another's pain.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Glo"bard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>globerde</ets>, from <ets>glow</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

glowworm.</def> <mark>[>Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glo"bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Glo"ba*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>globatus</ets>,

p. p. of <ets>globare</ets> to make into a ball, fr.

<ets>globus</ets> ball.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a globe;

spherical.</def>



<hw>Globe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>globus</ets>, perh. akin to L. <ets>glomus</ets> a ball of

yarn, and E. <ets>clump</ets>, <ets>golf</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>globe</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a

body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center;

a ball; a sphere.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which is nearly spherical or globular

in shape; <as>as, the <ex>globe</ex> of the eye; the

<ex>globe</ex> of a lamp.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually

preceded by the definite article.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A round model of the world; a spherical

representation of the earth or heavens; <as>as, a terrestrial or

celestial <ex>globe</ex></as>; -- called also <altname>artificial

globe</altname>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up

in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans,

answering to the modern infantry square.</def>



<q>Him round

A <qex>globe</qex> of fiery seraphim inclosed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Globe amaranth</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of

the genus <spn>Gomphrena</spn> (<spn>G. globosa</spn>), bearing

round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color

when gathered.</cd> -- <col>Globe animalcule</col>, <cd>a small,

globular, locomotive organism (<spn>Volvox globator</spn>), once

throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of

microscopic alg\'91.</cd> -- <col>Globe of compression</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of mine producing a wide crater; --

called also <altname>overcharged mine</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Globe daisy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant or flower

of the genus <spn>Globularing</spn>, common in Europe. The

flowers are minute and form globular heads.</cd> -- <col>Globe

sight</col>, <cd>a form of front sight placed on target

rifles.</cd> -- <col>Globe slater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>an isopod crustacean of the genus <spn>Spheroma</spn>.</cd>

-- <col>Globe thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a thistlelike

plant with the flowers in large globular heads (<spn>Cynara

Scolymus</spn>); also, certain species of the related genus

<spn>Echinops</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Globe valve</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A ball valve.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A valve inclosed in a

globular chamber.</cd> <au>Knight</au>.</cs>



<-- p. 631 -->



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Globe</er>, <er>Sphere</er>, <er>Orb</er>,

<er>Ball</er>.</syn> <usage> -- <xex>Globe</xex> denotes a round,

and usually a solid body; <xex>sphere</xex> is the term applied

in astronomy to such a body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs

of the old astronomers; <xex>orb</xex> is used, especially in

poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a

heavenly body; <xex>ball</xex> is applied to the heavenly bodies

concieved of as impelled through space.</usage>



<hw>Globe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Globed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Globing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

gather or form into a globe.</def>



<hw>Globe"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A plectognath fish of the genera

<spn>Diodon</spn>, <spn>Tetrodon</spn>, and allied genera. The

globefishes can suck in water or air and distend the body to a

more or less globular form. Called also <altname>porcupine

fish</altname>, and <altname>sea hedgehog</altname>. See

<er>Diodon</er>.</def>



<hw>Globe"flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Trollius</spn> (<spn>T. Europ\'91us</spn>), found in the

mountainous parts of Europe, and producing handsome globe-shaped

flowers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American plant <spn>Trollius

laxus</spn>.</def>



<cs><col>Japan globeflower</col>. <cd>See

<er>Corchorus</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Globe"-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped

like a globe.</def>



<hw>Glo*bif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Globe</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a round or globular tip.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glo*big`e*ri"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Globigerin<ae/</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>globus</ets> a round body + <ets>gerere</ets> to

bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small

Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or near the surface of the

sea. Their dead shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large

part of the soft mud, generally found in depths below 3,000 feet,

and called <xex>globigerina ooze</xex>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Foraminifera</er>.</def>



<hw>Glo*bose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>globosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a rounded form resembling

that of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Glo*bose"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a globular manner;

globularly.</def>



<hw>Glo*bos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>globositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>globosit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Sphericity.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Glo"bous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Globose</er>.]</ety> <def>Spherical.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Glob"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>globulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Globe-shaped; having the form

of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; <as>as,

<ex>globular</ex> atoms</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>Globular chart</col>, <cd>a chart of the earth's surface

constructed on the principles of the globular projection.</cd> --

<col>Globular projection</col> <fld>(Map Projection)</fld>, <cd>a

perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere upon a

plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight

being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the

opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere

into the sine of 45<deg/.</cd> -- <col>Globular sailing</col>,

<cd>sailing on the arc of a great circle, or so as to make the

shortest distance between two places; circular sailing.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glob`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being globular; globosity; sphericity.</def>



<hw>Glob"u*lar*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Spherically.</def>



<hw>Glob"u*lar*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sphericity;

globosity.</def>



<hw>Glob"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>globulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>globus</ets> globe: cf. F.

<ets>globule</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A little globe; a

small particle of matter, of a spherical form.</def>



<q><qex>Globules</qex> of snow.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<q>These minute <qex>globules</qex> [a mole's eyes] are sunk . .

. deeply in the skull.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A minute spherical or rounded

structure; as blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles, minute fungi,

spores, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A little pill or pellet used by

homeopathists.</def>



<hw>Glob"u*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little

globule.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Glob`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Globule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a

variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are

isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture of

the rock.</def>



<hw>Glob`u*lim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Globule</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the number

of red blood corpuscles in the blood.</def>



<note><hand/ The method depends on the differences of tint

obtained by mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate

solution.</note>



<hw>Glob"u*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Globule</er>: cf. F. <ets>globuline</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Phisiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous body, insoluble in

water, but soluble in dilute solutions of salt. It is present in

the red blood corpuscles united with h\'91matin to form

h\'91moglobin. It is also found in the crystalline lens of the

eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called

<xex>crystallin</xex>. In the plural the word is applied to a

group of proteid substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen,

etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt

solutions.</def>



<hw>Glob"u*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Globule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rudimentary

form of crystallite, spherical in shape.</def>



<hw>Glob"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>globuleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Globular; spherical;

orbicular.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Glob"u*lous*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Glob"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling, or

pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>globy</xex> sea.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Glo*chid"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

point of an arrow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having barbs;

<as>as, <ex>glochidiate</ex> bristles</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Glo*chid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Glochidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

the point of an arrow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a parasite

upon the parent's gills.</def>



<hw>Glode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Glide</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glombe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Glome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gloom; to look gloomy, morose,

or sullen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Surrey.</au>



<hw>Glome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gloom.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Glome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glomus</ets> a ball. Cf. <er>Globe</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the two prominences at the

posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's foot.</def>



<hw>Glom"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glomeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>glomerare</ets> to

glomerate, from <ets>glomus</ets>. See 3d <er>Glome</er>.]</ety>

<def>Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster;

conglomerate.</def>



<hw>Glom"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glomerated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Glomerating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather or wind into a ball; to

collect into a spherical form or mass, as threads.</def>



<hw>Glom`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glomeratio</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of forming or gathering into a ball or

round mass; the state of being gathered into a ball;

conglomeration.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is formed into a ball; a ball.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Glom"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glomerosus</ets>, fr. <ets>glomus</ets>. See 3d

<er>Glome</er>.]</ety> <def>Gathered or formed into a ball or

round mass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Glom"er*ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. fr.

L. <ets>glomus</ets> ball.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A head or dense cluster of

flowers, formed by condensation of a cyme, as in the flowering

dogwood.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A glomerulus.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glo*mer"u*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Glomeruli</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L.

<ets>glomus</ets>. See 3d <er>Glome</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bunch of looped capillary blood

vessels in a Malpighian capsule of the kidney.</def>



<hw>Glom`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glomus</ets> a ball + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having small clusters of minutely

branched coral-like excrescences.</def>



<au>M. C. Cooke.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glon"o*in</hw> <hw>Glon"o*ine</hw> }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Gl</ets>ycerin +

<ets>o</ets>xygen + <ets>n</ets>itrogen + <ets>-in</ets>,

<ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Nitroglycerin</er>; -- called also

<altname>oil of glonoin</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A dilute solution of

nitroglycerin used as a neurotic.</def>



<hw>Gloom</hw> <pr>(gl<oomac/m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gl<omac/m</ets> twilight, from the root of E.

<ets>glow</ets>. See <er>Glow</er>, and cf. <er>Glum</er>,

<er>Gloam</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Partial or total darkness; thick shade;

obscurity; <as>as, the <ex>gloom</ex> of a forest, or of

midnight</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.</def>



<q>Before a <qex>gloom</qex> of stubborn-shafted oaks.</q>

<qau>Tennyson .</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy;

aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness.</def>



<q>A sullen <qex>gloom</qex> and furious disorder prevailed by

fits.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness;

depression; melancholy; dejection; sadness. See

<er>Darkness</er>.</syn>



<hw>Gloom</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gloomed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Glooming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal,

gloomy, or sad; to come to the evening twilight.</def>



<q>The black gibbet <qex>glooms</qex> beside the way.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>[This weary day] . . . at last I see it <qex>gloom</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Gloom</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render

gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.</def>



<q>A bow window . . . <qex>gloomed</qex> with limes.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<q>A black yew <qex>gloomed</qex> the stagnant air.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or

sullen.</def>



<q>Such a mood as that which lately <qex>gloomed</qex>

Your fancy.</q>

<qau>Tennison.</qau>



<q>What sorrows <qex>gloomed</qex> that parting day.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Gloom"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

gloomy manner.</def>



<hw>Gloom"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

gloomy.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Gloom"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gloaming</er>.]</ety> <def>Twilight (of morning or evening);

the gloaming.</def>



<q>When the faint <qex>glooming</qex> in the sky

First lightened into day.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<q>The balmy <qex>glooming</qex>, crescent-lit.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Gloomth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gloom.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Walpole.</au>



<hw>Gloom"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Gloomier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Gloomiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or

darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; <as>as, the cavern was

<ex>gloomy</ex></as>.</def> \'bdThough hid in

<xex>gloomiest</xex> shade.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy;

dejected; <as>as, a <ex>gloomy</ex> temper or

countenance</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen;

morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected;

disheartened.</syn>



<hw>Glop"pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>glopnen</ets> to be frightened, frighten: cf. Icel.

<ets>gl<?/pna</ets> to look downcast.]</ety> <def>To surprise or

astonish; to be startled or astonished.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Glore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gloar</er>.]</ety> <def>To glare; to glower.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>\'d8Glo"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

glory.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A doxology

(beginning <xex>Gloria Patri</xex>, Glory be to the Father), sung

or said at the end of the Psalms in the service of the Roman

Catholic and other churches.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A portion of

the Mass (<xex>Gloria in Excelsis Deo</xex>, Glory be to God on

high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the

Episcopal Church the version in English is used.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The musical setting of a gloria.</def>



<hw>Glo`ri*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gloriatio</ets>, from <ets>gloriari</ets> to glory, boast,

fr. <ets>gloria</ets> glory. See <er>Glory</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Boast; a triumphing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Richardson.</au>



<q>Internal <qex>gloriation</qex> or triumph of the mind.</q>

<qau>Hobbes.</qau>



<hw>Glo"ried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Glory</er>.]</ety> <def>Illustrious; honorable; noble.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glorificatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glorification</ets>. See

<er>Glorify</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of glorifyng or

of giving glory to.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being glorifed; <as>as, the

<ex>glorification</ex> of Christ after his

resurrection</as>.</def>



<hw>Glo"ri*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glorified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Glorifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>glorifier</ets>,

L. <ets>glorificare</ets>; <ets>gloria</ets> glory +

<ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to

confer honor and distinction upon; to elevate to power or

happiness, or to celestial glory.</def>



<q>Jesus was not yet <qex>glorified</qex>.</q>

<qau>John vii. 39.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make glorious in thought or with the heart,

by ascribing glory to; to asknowledge the excellence of; to

render homage to; to magnify in worship; to adore.</def>



<q>That we for thee may <qex>glorify</qex> the Lord.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Glo"ri*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gloriola</ets> a small glory, dim. of <ets>gloria</ets>

glory.]</ety> <def>An aureole.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Msr. Browning.</au>



<hw>\'d8Glo`ri*o"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Nl.,

fr. L. <ets>gloriosus</ets>. See <er>Glorious</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of climbing plants with very showy

lilylike blossoms, natives of India.</def>



<hw>Glo`ri*o"ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.

<ets>gloriosus</ets> boastful.]</ety> <def>A boaster.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Greene.</au>



<hw>\'d8Glo`ri*o"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A boaster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Glo"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>glorios</ets>, <ets>glorious</ets>, F. <ets>glorieux</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>gloriosus</ets>. See <er>Glory</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that

are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent;

splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; <as>as,

<ex>glorious</ex> deeds</as>.</def>



<q>These are thy <qex>glorious</qex> works, Parent of good !</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Eager for glory or distinction; haughty;

boastful; ostentatious; vainglorious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Most miserable

Is the desire that's <qex>glorious</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>kings may be blest, but Tam was <qex>glorious</qex>,

O'er all the ills of life victorious.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<q>During his office treason was no crime,

The sons of Belial had a <qex>glorious</qex> time.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious;

celebrated; magnificent; grand; splendid.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Glo"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Glo"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Udall.</au>



<q>Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed

<qex>gloriously</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ex. xv. 21.</qau>



<q>I speak it not <qex>gloriously</qex>, nor out of

affectation.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Glo"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>glorie</ets>, OF. <ets>glorie</ets>, <ets>gloire</ets>, F.

<ets>gloire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gloria</ets>; prob. akin to Gr.

<?/, Skr. <ets><?/ravas</ets> glory, praise, <ets><?/ru</ets> to

hear. See <er>Loud</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction,

accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation;

honorable fame; renown.</def>



<q><qex>Glory</qex> to God in the highest.</q>

<qau>Luke ii. 14.</qau>



<q>Spread his <qex>glory</qex> through all countries wide.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That quality in a person or thing which secures

general praise or honor; that which brings or gives renown; an

object of pride or boast; the occasion of praise; excellency;

brilliancy; splendor.</def>



<q>Think it no <qex>glory</qex> to swell in tyranny.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q>Jewels lose their <qex>glory</qex> if neglected.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Your sex's <qex>glory</qex> 't is to shine unknown.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.</def>



<q>In <qex>glory</qex> of thy fortunes.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The presence of the Divine Being; the

manifestations of the divine nature and favor to the blessed in

heaven; celestial honor; heaven.</def>



<q>Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me

to <qex>glory</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxiii. 24.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An emanation of light supposed to proceed from

beings of peculiar sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of

gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by a

disk, or a mere line.</def>



<note><hand/ This is the general term; when confined to the head

it is properly called <xex>nimbus</xex>; when encircling the

whole body, <xex>aureola</xex> or <xex>aureole</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Glory hole</col>, <cd>an opening in the wall of a glass

furnace, exposing the brilliant white light of the interior.

<au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Glory pea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the name of two leguminous plants (<spn>Clianthus

Dampieri</spn> and <spn>C. puniceus</spn>) of Australia and New

Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers.</cd> --

<col>Glory tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to

several species of the verbenaceous genus

<spn>Clerodendron</spn>, showy flowering shrubs of tropical

regions.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glo"ry</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gloried</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Glorying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>glorien</ets>, OF. <ets>glorier</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>gloriari</ets>, fr. <ets>gloria</ets> glory. See

<er>Glory</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To exult with joy; to rejoice.</def>



<q><qex>Glory</qex> ye in his holy name.</q>

<qau>Ps. cv.<?/</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To boast; to be proud.</def>



<q>God forbid that I should <qex>glory</qex>, save in the cross

of our Lord Jesus Christ.</q>

<qau>Gal. vi. 14</qau>



<q>No one . . . should <qex>glory</qex> in his prosperity.</q>

<qau>Richardson.</qau>



<hw>Glose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gloze</er>.</def>



<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Glos"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Glosser</er>.</def>



<hw>Gloss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>glossi</ets> a blaze, <ets>glys</ets> finery, MHG.

<ets>glosen</ets> to glow, G. <ets>glosten</ets> to glimmer;

perh. akin to E. <ets>glass</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Bbrightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth

surface; polish; <as>as, the <ex>gloss</ex> of silk; cloth is

calendered to give it a <ex>gloss</ex>.</as></def>



<q>It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any

fairer <qex>gloss</qex> than the naked truth doth afford.</q>



<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A specious appearance; superficial quality or

show.</def>



<q>To me more dear, congenial to my heart,

One native charm than all the <qex>gloss</qex> of art.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Gloss</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Glossed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Glossing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give a

superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining;

<as>as, to <ex>gloss</ex> cloth</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>glossed</qex> and gleamy wave.</q>

<qau>J. R. Drake.</qau>



<hw>Gloss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>glose</ets>, F.

<ets>glose</ets>, L. <ets>glossa</ets> a difficult word needing

explanation, fr. Gr. <?/ tongue, language, word needing

explanation. Cf. <er>Gloze</er>, <er>Glossary</er>,

<er>Glottis</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon

word requiring explanation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An interpretation, consisting of one or more

words, interlinear or marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a

running commentary.</def>



<q>All this, without a <qex>gloss</qex> or comment,

He would unriddle in a moment.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<q>Explaining the text in short <qex>glosses</qex>.</q>

<qau>T. Baker.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A false or specious explanation.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<-- p. 632 -->



<hw>Gloss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to explain;

to annotate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a specious appearance to; to render

specious and plausible; to palliate by specious

explanation.</def>



<q>You have the art to <qex>gloss</qex> the foulest cause.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<hw>Gloss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

make comments; to comment; to explain.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make sly remarks, or insinuations.</def>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>\'d8Glos"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gloss<?/</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

the tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tongue, or

lingua, of an insect. See <er>Hymenoptera</er>.</def>



<hw>Glos"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the tongue; lingual.</def>



<hw>Glos*san"thrax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

tongue + E. <ets>anthrax</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>glossanthrax</ets>.]</ety> <def>A disease of horses and

cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the mouth and on the

tongue.</def>



<hw>Glos*sa"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a

glossary.</def>



<hw>Glos*sa"ri*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of

a glossary.</def>



<hw>Glos"sa*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer

of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast.</def>



<au>Tyrwhitt.</au>



<hw>Glos"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gossaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>glossarium</ets>, fr. <ets>glossa</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>glossaire</ets>. See 3d <er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A

collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages of a

work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an author, a

dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical, or other

uncommon words.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glos*sa"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Glossa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

Lepidoptera.</def>



<hw>Glos*sa"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. See 3d

<er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A writer of glosses or comments; a

commentator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe . . .

<xex>glossators</xex> of Aristotle.\'b8



<au>Milman.</au>



<hw>Gloss"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See lst

<er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A polisher; one who gives a

luster.</def>



<hw>Gloss"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 3d

<er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a

commentator.</def>



<au>L. Addison.</au>



<hw>Glos"sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glossa</ets> a word requiring a gloss. See 3d

<er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A system of phonetic spelling based

upon the present values of English letters, but invariably using

one symbol to represent one sound only.</def>



<q>Ingglish <qex>Glosik</qex> konvai<?/z hwotev<?/er

proanusiai<?/shon iz inten<?/ded bei dhi reiter.</q>

<qau>A. J. Ellis.</qau>



<hw>Gloss"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

glossy manner.</def>



<hw>Gloss"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Glossy</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being

glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Gloss"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer of

comments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Glos*si"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/ tongue + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Inflammation of the tongue.</def>



<hw>Gloss"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Like gloss;

specious.</def>



<au>Cowley.</au>



<hw>\'d8Glos*soc"o*mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of case.]</ety> <def>A kind of hoisting

winch.</def>



<hw>Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ tongue + E. <ets>epiglottic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis;

<as>as, <ex>glossoepiglottic</ex> folds</as>.</def>



<hw>Glos"sog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ tongue + <?/ to write. See 3d <er>Gloss</er>.]</ety>

<def>A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast.</def>



<au>Hayward.</au>



<hw>Glos`so*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to glossography.</def>



<hw>Glos"sog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Glossographer</er>.]</ety> <def>The writing of glossaries,

glosses, or comments for illustrating an author.</def>



<hw>Glos`so*hy"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

the tongue + the letter <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; --

applied to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many

fishes. -- <pos>n.</pos> The glossohyal bone or cartilage;

lingual bone; entoglossal bone.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Glos`so*la"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Glos*sol"a*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ tongue + <?/ talk: cf. F.

<ets>glossolalie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The gift of tongues.

<xex>Farrar</xex>.</def>



<hw>Glos`so*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to glossology.</def>



<hw>Glas*sol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

defines and explains terms; one who is versed in

glossology.</def>



<hw>Glos*sol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

tongue + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glossologie</ets>. See 3d

<er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The definition and

explanation of terms; a glossary.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The science of language; comparative philology;

linguistics; glottology.</def>



<hw>Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ the tongue + E. <ets>pharyngeal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to both the tongue and the

pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial

nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue. --

<pos>n.</pos> One of the glossopharyngeal nerves.</def>



<hw>Gloss"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Glossier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Glossiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Gloss</er> luster.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Smooth and

shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly

polished; lustrous; <as>as, <ex>glossy</ex> silk; a

<ex>glossy</ex> surface.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Smooth; specious; plausible; <as>as,

<ex>glossy</ex> deceit</as>.</def>



<hw>Glost" ov`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An oven in which glazed

pottery is fired; -- also called <altname>glaze kiln</altname>,

or <altname>glaze</altname>.</def>



<hw>Glot"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic.</def>



<cs><col>Glottal catch</col>, <cd>an effect produced upon the

breath or voice by a sudden opening or closing of the

glotts.</cd> <au>Sweet</au>.</cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glot"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Glot*tid"e*an</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the

glottis; glottal.</def>



<hw>Glot"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/, <?/, from <?/, <?/, the tongue. See <er>Gloss</er> an

explanatory remark.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The opening

from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See

<er>Larynx</er>.</def>



<hw>Glot`to*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to glottology.</def>



<hw>Glot*tol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

linguist; a philologist.</def>



<hw>Glot*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the tongue + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of

tongues or languages; comparative philology; glossology.</def>



<hw>Glout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Scot. Cf.

<er>Gloat</er>.]</ety> <def>To pout; to look sullen.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Garth.</au>



<hw>Glout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To view

attentively; to gloat on; to stare at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Glove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>glove</ets>, <ets>glofe</ets>, AS. <ets>gl<?/f</ets>; akin

to Icel. <ets>gl<?/fi</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>l<?/fa</ets> palm of

the hand, Icel. <ets>l<?/fi</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist,

with a separate sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic

distinguishes the <xex>glove</xex> from the

<xex>mitten</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A boxing glove.</def>



<cs><col>Boxing glove</col>. <cd>See under <er>Boxing</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Glove fight</col>, <cd>a pugilistic contest in wich the

fighters wear boxing gloves.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Glove</col>

<col>money <or/ silver</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A tip or

gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law.)</fld> <cd>A reward given to

officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a country

to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no

offenders to be executed.</cd> -- <col>Glove sponge</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fine and soft variety of commercial

sponges (<spn>Spongia officinalis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>To be hand

and glove with</col>, <cd>to be intimately associated or on good

terms with. \'bd<xex>Hand and glove with<xex> traitors.\'b8

<au>J. H. Newman</au>.</cd> -- <col>To handle without

gloves</col>,<-- with the gloves off, to take the gloves off -->

<cd>to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly

with.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To take up the

glove</col></mcol>, <cd>to accept a challenge or adopt a

quarrel.</cd> -- <col>To throw down the glove</col>, <cd>to

challenge to combat.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glove</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gloved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gloving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with, or as with, a

glove.</def>



<hw>Glov"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose trade

it is to make or sell gloves.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Glover's</col> <col>suture <or/

stitch</col></mcol>, <cd>a kind of stitch used in sewing up

wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately through each

side from within outward.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Glowing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>gl<?/wan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>gloeijen</ets>,

OHG. <ets>gluoen</ets>, G. <ets>gl\'81hen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>gl<?/a</ets>, Dan. <ets>gloende</ets> glowing. <?/. Cf.

<er>Gloom</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To shine with an intense or white heat; to give

forth vivid light and heat; to be incandenscent.</def>



<q><qex>Glows</qex> in the stars, and blossoms in the trees.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be

brilliant, as if with heat; to be bright or red with heat or

animation, with blushes, etc.</def>



<q>Clad in a gown that <qex>glows</qex> with Tyrian rays.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>And <qex>glow</qex> with shame of your proceedings.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of

the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.</def>



<q>Did not his temples <qex>glow</qex>

In the same sultry winds and acrching heats?</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>The cord slides swiftly through his <qex>glowing</qex>

hands.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as

by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; <as>as,

the heart <ex>glows</ex> with love, zeal, or

patriotism</as>.</def>



<q>With pride it mounts, and with revenge it

<qex>glows</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Burns with one love, with one resentment <qex>glows</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Glow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make hot; to flush.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>Fans, whose wind did seem

To <qex>glow</qex> the delicate cheeks which they did cool.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Glow</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>White or red heat;

incandscence.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy

flush; <as>as, the <ex>glow</ex> of health in the

cheeks</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or

heat of passion; ardor.</def>



<q>The red <qex>glow</qex> of scorn.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that

produced by exercise, etc.</def>



<hw>Glow"bard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Globard</er>.]</ety> <def>The glowworm.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Glow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glowered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Glowering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gloar</er>.]</ety>

<def>to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Glow"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion.</def>



<hw>Glow"lamp`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An aphlogistic lamp. See

<er>Aphlogistic</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Elect.)</fld> <def>An incandescent lamp. See

<er>Incandescent</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Glow"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A coleopterous insect of the genus

<spn>Lampyris</spn>; esp., the wingless females and larv\'91 of

the two European species (<spn>L. noctiluca</spn>, and <spn>L.

splendidula</spn>), which emit light from some of the abdominal

segments.</def>



<q>Like a <qex>glowworm</qex> in the night,

The which hath fire in darkness, none in light.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted

by the light of the female. In America, the luminous larv\'91 of

several species of fireflies and fire beetles are called

<xex>glowworms</xex>. Both sexes of these are winged when mature.

See <er>Firefly</er>.</note>



<hw>\'d8Glox*in"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>American genus of

herbaceous plants with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; --

named after B. P. <xex>Gloxin</xex>, a German botanist.</def>



<hw>Gloze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glozed</er><pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Glozing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>glosen</ets>, F. <ets>gloser</ets>. See

<er>gloss</er> explanation.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk

smoothly.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>A false, <qex>glozing</qex> parasite.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>So <qex>glozed</qex> the tempter, and his proem tuned.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a specious or false meaning; to

ministerpret.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gloze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To smooth over; to

palliate.</def>



<q>By <qex>glozing</qex> the evil that is in the world.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Gloze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Flattery;

adulation; smooth speech.</def>



<q>Now to plain dealing; lay these <qex>glozes</qex> by.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specious show; gloss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Gloz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

flatterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gifford (1580).</au>



<hw>Glu"cic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sweet.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained

from, sugar; <as>as, <ex>glucic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Glu*ci"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glycine</ets>, <ets>glucine</ets>. So called because it

forms sweet salts. See <er>Glucinum</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white or gray tasteless powder, the

oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called

<xex>glucine</xex>.</def>



<hw>Glu*cin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or

containing, glucinum; <as>as, <ex>glucinic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>



<hw>Glu*ci"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glucinium</ets>, <ets>glycium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, sweet. Cf.

<er>Glycerin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic

element, of a silver white color, and low specific gravity (2.1),

resembling magnesium. It never occurs naturally in the free

state, but is always combined, usually with silica or alumina, or

both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl, beryl or

emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide

glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated.

Symbol Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also

<altname>beryllium</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also

<asp>glucinium</asp>.]</altsp><-- modern name Beryllium, symbol

Be -->



<hw>Glu"co*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Glycogen</er>.</def>



<hw>Glu`co*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Glycogenesis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Glu*con"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or derived from, glucose.</def>



<cs><col>Gluconic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic

acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid, by the oxidation of

glucose; -- called also <altname>maltonic acid</altname>, and

<altname>dextronic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glu"cose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sweet. Cf. <er>Glycerin</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A variety of sugar occurring in nature very

abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in

great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and

acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also

<altname>dextrose</altname>, <altname>grape sugar</altname>,

<altname>diabetic sugar</altname>, and <altname>starch

sugar</altname>. See <er>Dextrose</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a large class of

sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose,

galactose, etc.</def><-- ?Now only one is called glucose -- when

did this usage diappear? = hexose-->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an

uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and

containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also

maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of

sirups, beers, etc.</def>



<hw>Glu"co*side</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Glucose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a large

series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very

widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as

influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars.

They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of

ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into

some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole,

or alkaloid) and <xex>glucose</xex> (or some other sugar); hence

the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers,

and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glu`co*su"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>glucose</ets> + Gr. <?/ urine.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition in which glucose is discharged

in the urine; diabetes mellitus.</def>



<hw>Glue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>glu</ets>, L. <ets>glus</ets>, akin to <ets>gluten</ets>,

from <ets>gluere</ets> to draw together. Cf.

<er>Gluten</er>.]</ety> <def>A hard brittle brownish gelatin,

obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of

animals. When gently heated with water, it becomes viscid and

tenaceous, and is used as a cement for uniting substances. The

name is also given to other adhesive or viscous substances.</def>



<cs><col>Bee glue</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bee</er>.</cd> --

<col>Fish glue</col>, <cd>a strong kind of glue obtained from

fish skins and bladders; isinglass.</cd> -- <col>Glue plant</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fucoid seaweed (<spn>Gloiopeltis

tenax</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Liquid glue</col>, <cd>a fluid

preparation of glue and acetic acid oralcohol.</cd> --

<col>Marine glue</col>, <cd>a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha,

with shellac, used in shipbuilding.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Glued</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gluing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gluer</ets>. See

<er>Glue</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To join with glue or a

viscous substance; to cause to stick or hold fast, as if with

glue; to fix or fasten.</def>



<q>This cold, congealed blood

That <qex>glues</qex> my lips, and will not let me speak.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Glue"pot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A utensil for

melting glue, consisting of an inner pot holding the glue,

immersed in an outer one containing water which is heated to

soften the glue.</def>



<hw>Glu"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who cements

with glue.</def>



<hw>Glu"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Viscous;

glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.</def>



<hw>Glu"ey*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Viscidity.</def>



<hw>Glu"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat gluey.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Glum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gloom</er>.]</ety> <def>Sullenness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Skelton.</au>



<hw>Glum</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moody; silent; sullen.</def>



<q>I frighten people by my <qex>glun</qex> face.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Glum</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To look sullen; to be of a

sour countenance; to be glum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hawes.</au>



<hw>Glu*ma"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glumanc\'82</ets>. See <er>Glume</er>.]</ety> <def>Having

glumes; consisting of glumes.</def>



<hw>Glu"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a

glume.</def>



<hw>Glume</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gluma</ets> hull, husk, fr. <ets>glubere</ets> to bark or

peel: cf. F. <ets>glume</ets> or <ets>gloume</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bracteal covering of the flowers or

seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a

spikelt.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glu*mel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Glu"melle</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>glumelle</ets>,

dim. of <ets>glume</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of

the pelets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets of

grasses.</def>



<hw>Glum"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a glum

manner; sullenly; moodily.</def>



<hw>Glum"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gloom</er>.]</ety> <def>dark; gloomy; dismal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Glum"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Moodiness;

sullenness.</def>



<hw>Glump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Glum</er>.]</ety> <def>To manifest sullenness; to sulk.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<-- p. 633 -->



<hw>Glump"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Glum; sullen;

sulky.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdHe was <xex>glumpy</xex>

enough.\'b8



<au>T. Hook.</au>



<hw>Glunch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Glump</er>.]</ety> <def>Frowning; sulky; sullen.</def>

<au>Sir W. Scott</au>. -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A sullen,

angry look; a look of disdain or dislike.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.

& Scot.]</mark></def2>



<hw>Glut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glutted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Glutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>glotten</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>glotir</ets>,

<ets>gloutir</ets>, L. <ets>glutire</ets>, <ets>gluttire</ets>;

cf. Gr. <?/ to eat, Skr. <ets>gar</ets>. Cf. <er>Gluttion</er>,

<er>Englut</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To swallow, or to

swallow greedlly; to gorge.



<q>Though every drop of water swear against it,

And gape at widest to <qex>glut</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire

or craving of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy.</def>



<q>His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice,

Torn from his breast, to <qex>glut</qex> the tyrant's eyes.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to

<qex>glut</qex> the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded

populace.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<cs><col>To glut the market</col>, <cd>to furnish an oversupply

of any article of trade, so that there is no sale for

it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glut</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To eat gluttonously or to

satiety.</def>



<q>Like three horses that have broken fence,

And <qex>glutted</qex> all night long breast-deep in corn.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Glut</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is

swallowed.</def>



<au>Milton</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply;

hence, often, a supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over

abundance; <as>as, a <ex>glut</ex> of the market</as>.</def>

<-- "of", not "on" the market! -->



<q>A <qex>glut</qex> of those talents which raise men to

eminence.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something that fills up an opening; a

clog.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wooden wedge used in splitting

blocks.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A piece of wood used to fill up behind

cribbing or tubbing. <spn>Raymond</spn>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<fld>(Bricklaying)</fld> <def>A bat, or small piece of brick,

used to fill out a course. <au>Knight.</au></def> <sd>(d)</sd>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An arched opening to the ashpit of a

klin.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A block used for a fulcrum.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The broad-nosed eel

(<spn>Anguilla latirostris</spn>), found in Europe, Asia, the

West Indies, etc.</def>



<hw>Glu`ta*con"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glut</ets>aric + <ets>acon</ets>itic.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid

intermediate between glutaric and aconitic acids.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glu*t\'91"us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Gluteal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The great

muscle of the buttock in man and most mammals, and the

corresponding muscle in many lower animals.</def>



<note><hand/ In man, the <xex>glut\'91us</xex> is composed of

three distinct parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help

support the body in standing.</note>



<hw>Glu*tam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glut</ets>en + <ets>-amic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to gluten.</def>



<cs><col>Glutamic acid</col>, <cd>a nitrogenous organic acid

obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also

<altname>amido-glutaric acid</altname>.</cd></cs><-- one of the

natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins

<chform>C5H9NO4</chform>. -->



<hw>Glu*tar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glut</ets>amic + tart<ets>aric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an

acid so called; <as>as, <ex>glutaric</ex> ethers</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Glutaric acid</col>, <cd>an organic acid obtained as a

white crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; --

called also <altname>normal pyrotartaric

acid</altname>.</cd></cs><-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino

acids found in many proteins -->



<hw>Glu"ta*zine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy,

sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of

pyridine.</def>



<hw>Glu"te*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[G. <?/ rump,

pl., the buttocks.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,

or in the region of, the glut\'91us.</def>



<hw>Glu"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., glue: cf.

F. <ets>gluten</ets>. See <er>Glue</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The viscid, tenacious substance which

gives adhesiveness to dough.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Gluten</xex> is a complex and variable mixture

of glutin or gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily

material, etc., and ia a very nutritious element of food. It may

be separated from the flour of grain by subjecting this to a

current of water, the starch and other soluble matters being thus

washed out.</note>



<cs><col>Gluten bread</col>, <cd>bread containing a large

proportion of gluten; -- used in cases of diabetes.</cd> --

<col>Gluten casein</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a vegetable

proteid found in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark,

amorphous, earthy mass.</cd> -- <col>Gluten fibrin</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a vegetable proteid found in the cereal

grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow

substance.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Glu*te"us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Glut<ae/us</er>.</def>



<hw>Glu"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gluten</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Gliadin</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sometimes synonymous with

<er>Gelatin</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Glu"ti*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Glutinated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Glutinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>glutinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>glutinare</ets> to glue, fr.

<ets>gluten</ets> glue.]</ety> <def>To unite with glue; to

cement; to stick together.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Glu`ti*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glutinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glutination</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of uniting with glue; sticking together.</def>



<hw>Glu"ti*na*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glutinativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glutinatif</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous;

glutinous.</def>



<hw>Glu`ti*nos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glutinosit\'82</ets> .]</ety> <def>The quality of being

glutinous; viscousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Glu"ti*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>glutinosus</ets>, fr. <ets>gluten</ets> glue: cf. F.

<ets>glutineux</ets>. See <er>Gluten</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous;

viscid; adhesive; gluey.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Havig a moist and adhesive or

sticky surface, as a leaf or gland.</def>



<hw>Glu"ti*nous*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being glutinous.</def>



<hw>Glut"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>glotoun</ets>, <ets>glotun</ets>, F. <ets>glouton</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>gluto</ets>, <ets>glutto</ets>. See <er>Glut</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a

gormandizer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: One who gluts himself.</def>



<q><qex>Gluttons</qex> in murder, wanton to destroy.</q>

<qau>Granville.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous mammal

(<spn>Gulo luscus</spn>), of the family <spn>Mustelid\'91</spn>,

about the size of a large badger. It was formerly believed to be

inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene. It is a

native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia.</def>

<-- in 1996, spelled Wolverine, and spn = Gulo gulo -->



<cs><col>Glutton bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the giant

fulmar (<spn>Ossifraga gigantea</spn>); -- called also

<altname>Mother Carey's goose</altname>, and

<altname>mollymawk</altname>.</cd></cs>

<-- glutton for punishment = one persistent in an effort in spite

of harmful results -->



<hw>Glut"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gluttonous;

greedy; gormandizing.</def> \'bd<xex>Glutton</xex> souls.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>A <qex>glutton</qex> monastery in former ages makes a hungry

ministry in our days.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Glut"ton</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To glut; to eat

voraciously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Gluttoned</qex> at last, return at home to pine.</q>

<qau>Lovelace.</qau>



<q>Whereon in Egypt <qex>gluttoning</qex> they fed.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Glut"ton*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gluttonous;

greedy.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Glut"ton*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gluttonized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gluttonizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To eat to excess; to eat

voraciously; to gormandize.</def>



<au>Hallywell.</au>



<hw>Glut"ton*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to

gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the appetite; voracious;

<as>as, a <ex>gluttonous</ex> age</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Glut"ton*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Glut"ton*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Glut"ton*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gluttonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>glotonie</ets>, OF. <ets>glotonie</ets>,

<ets>gloutonnie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excess in eating; extravagant

indulgence of the appetite for food; voracity.</def>



<q>Their sumptuous <qex>gluttonies</qex>, and gorgeous

feasts.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Glyc"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of glyceric acid.</def>



<hw>Gly*cer"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from,

glycerin.</def>



<cs><col>Glyceric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic

acid, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycerin, as a thick

liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative of propionic acid, and has

both acid and alcoholic properties.</cd></cs>



<hw>Glyc"er*ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Glycerin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound

ether (formed from <xex>glycerin</xex>). Some glycerides exist

ready formed as natural fats, others are produced

artificially.</def>



<mhw><hw>Glyc"er*in</hw>, <hw>Glyc"er*ine</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>glyc\'82rine</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>glykero`s</grk>,

<grk>glyky`s</grk>, sweet. Cf. <er>Glucose</er>,

<er>Licorice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily,

viscous liquid, <chform>C3H5(OH)3</chform>, colorless and

odorless, and with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural

fats and oils as the base, combined with various acids, as oleic,

margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol, and

hence is also called <altname>glycerol</altname>. See Note under

<er>Gelatin</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a

large scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is used as an

ointment, as a solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an

adulterant in wine, beer, etc.</note>



<hw>Glyc"er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicinal preparation made by mixing or

dissolving a substance in glycerin.</def>



<hw>Glyc"er*ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Glycerin</er>.</def>



<hw>Clyc"er*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>glyc\'82rol\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Glycerite</er>.</def>



<hw>Glyc"er*yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glycer</ets>in + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical,

<chform>C3H5</chform>, regarded as the essential radical of

glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also

<altname>propenyl</altname>.</def>



<hw>Glyc"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glyc</ets>eric + anhydr<ets>ide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid, obtained from certain

derivatives of glycerin, and regarded as a partially dehydrated

glycerin; -- called also <altname>glycidic

alcohol</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gly*cid"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide;

<as>as, <ex>glycidic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Gly"cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>glyky`s</grk> sweet.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Glycocoll</er>.</def>



<hw>Gly`co*cho"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glyco</ets>coll + <ets>chol</ets>ic.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of glycocholic acid;

<as>as, sodium <ex>glycocholate</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Gly`co*chol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of,

glycocoll and cholic acid.</def>



<cs><col>Glycocholic acid</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>a conjugate acid, composed of glycocoll and cholic acid,

present in bile in the form of a sodium salt. The acid commonly

forms a resinous mass, but can be crystallized in long, white

needles.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gly"co*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glycoc</ets>oll + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Glycocoll</er>.</def>



<hw>Gly"co*coll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>glyky`s</grk> sweet + <grk>ko`lla</grk> glue.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, nitrogenous

substance, with a sweet taste, formed from hippuric acid by

boiling with hydrochloric acid, and present in bile united with

cholic acid. It is also formed from gelatin by decomposition with

acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic acid. Called also

<altname>glycin</altname>, and <altname>glycocin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gly"co*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sweet + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glycog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, amorphous, tasteless

substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent

fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and

in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in

the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with

dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of

amylolytic ferments.</def>

<-- polysaccharide, used as a sugar storage substance in animals

-->



<hw>Gly`co*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; <as>as, the

<ex>glycogenic</ex> function of the liver</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gly*cog"e*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gly`co*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The production or formation of sugar

from gycogen, as in the liver.</def>



<hw>Gly"col</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glycerin</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>. See

<er>Glycerin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

thick, colorless liquid, <chform>C2H4(OH)2</chform>, of a

sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene

compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary

ethyl alcohol and glycerin.</def> <-- usu. called ethylene glycol

--><sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any one of the large class of diacid

alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.<-- diol --></def>



<hw>Gly*col"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol;

<as>as, <ex>glycolic</ex> ether; <ex>glycolic</ex>

acid.</as></def>



<cs><col>Glycolic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic

acid, found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the

wild grape (<spn>Ampelopsis quinquefolia</spn>), and produced

artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of

<xex>glycol<xex>, -- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or white

crystalline, substance, <chform>HO.CH2.CO2H</chform>, has the

properties both of an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the

hydroxy acids; -- called also <altname>hydroxyacetic

acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gly"co*lide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glycol</ets> + anhydr<ets>ide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous powder,

<chform>C4H4O</chform>, obtained by heating and dehydrating

glycolic acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>glycollide</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gly`co*lu"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glycol</ets> + <ets>uric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, glycol and

urea; <as>as, <ex>glycoluric</ex> acid, which is called also

<ex>hydantoic acid</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Gly`co*lu"ril</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glycol</ets>yl + <ets>ur</ets>ic.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous

substance, obtained by the reduction of allanto\'8bn.</def>



<hw>Gly"co*lyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Glycol</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A divalent, compound radical,

<chform>CO.CH2</chform>, regarded as the essential radical of

glycolic acid, and a large series of related compounds.</def>



<hw>Gly*co"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>Glyconic.</def>



<hw>Gly*con"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

kind of verse, so called from its inventor,

<ets>Glycon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Consisting of a

spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; -- applied to a kind of verse

in Greek and Latin poetry.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A glyconic verse.</def></def2>



<hw>Gly"co*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An emulsion

of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used as an ointment, as a

vehicle for medicines, etc.</def>



<hw>Gly"co*sine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base, <chform>C6H6N4</chform>,

produced artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the

action of ammonia on glyoxal.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gly`co*su"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gluoosuria</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Glyc`yr*rhi"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ sweet + <?/ root. Cf. <er>Licorice</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of papilionaceous

herbaceous plants, one species of which (<spn>G. glabra</spn>),

is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a bittersweet

mucilaginous taste.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of <spn>Glycyrrhiza

glabra</spn> (liquorice root), used as a demulcent, etc.</def>



<hw>Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>From, or pertaining to, glycyrrhizin;

<as>as, <ex>glycyrrhizimic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Gly*cyr"rhi*zin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glycyrrhizine</ets>. See <er>Glycyrrhiza</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in licorice root

(<spn>Glycyrrhiza</spn>), in monesia bark

(<spn>Chrysophyllum</spn>), in the root of the walnut, etc., and

extracted as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet

taste.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Glyn</hw>, <hw>Glynne</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A glen. See <er>Glen</er>.

<note>[<mark>Obs.</mark> singly, but occurring often in locative

names in Ireland, as <xex>Glen</xex> does in

Scotland.]</note></def>



<q>He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up

within those narrow corners and <qex>glyns</qex> under the

mountain's foot.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Gly*ox"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gly</ets>col + <ets>ox</ets>alic +

<ets>al</ets>dehyde.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white,

amorphous, deliquescent powder, <chform>(CO.H)2</chform>,

obtained by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double

aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic acid.</def>



<hw>Gly`ox*al"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an

aldehyde acid, intermediate between glycol and oxalic acid.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>glyoxylic</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gly*ox"a*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, organic base,

<chform>C3H4N2</chform>, produced by the action of ammonia on

glyoxal, and forming the origin of a large class of derivatives

hence, any one of the series of which glyoxaline is a type; --

called also <altname>oxaline</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gly*ox"ime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gly</ets>oxal + <ets>oxime</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous

substance, produced by the action of hydroxylamine on glyoxal,

and belonging to the class of <xex>oximes</xex>; also, any one of

a group of substances resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it

is a type. See <er>Oxime</er>.</def>



<hw>Glyph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ carving,

fr. <?/ to carve: cf. F. <ets>glyphe</ets>. Cf. <er>Cleave</er>

to split.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A sunken channel or

groove, usually vertical. See <er>Triglyph</er>.</def>



<hw>Glyph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of or

for carving.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining

to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to glyphs.</def>



<hw>Glyph"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plate

made by glyphography, or an impression taken from such a

plate.</def>



<hw>Glyph`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to glyphography.</def>



<hw>Gly*phog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ to engrave + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A process

similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic electricity, a

raised copy of a drawing is made, so that it can be used to print

from.</def>



<hw>Glyp"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Glyph</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to gem engraving.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Figured; marked as with

figures.</def>



<hw>Glyp"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>glyptique</ets>. See <er>Glyph</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of

engraving on precious stones.</def>



<hw>Glyp"to*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

carved, engraved + <?/, <?/, tooth. See <er>Glyph</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct South American quaternary

mammal, allied to the armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was

covered with tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<-- p. 634 -->



<hw>Glyp"to*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of a family

(<spn>glyptodontid\'91</spn>) of extinct South American

edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About twenty species

are known.</def>



<hw>Glyp`to*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>glyptographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to

glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Glyp*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ carved + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>glyptographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of

engraving on precious stones.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Glyp`to*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ carved + <?/ case, box.]</ety> <def>A

building or room devoted to works of sculpture.</def>



<hw>Glys"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Clyster</er>.</def>



<hw>Gmel"in*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after the German chemist <ets>Gmelin</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related

in form and composition to chabazite.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gna*pha"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Nl.,

from Gr. <?/ wool of the teasel.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and

persistent involucres; a kind of everlasting.</def>



<hw>Gnar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>knarre</ets>, <ets>gnarre</ets>, akin to OD.

<ets>knor</ets>, G. <ets>knorren</ets>. Cf. <er>Knar</er>,

<er>Knur</er>, <er>Gnarl</er>.]</ety> <def>A knot or gnarl in

wood; hence, a tough, thickset man; -- written also

<xex>gnarr</xex>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>He was . . . a thick <qex>gnarre</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Gnar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gnarred</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gnarring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Gnarl</er>.]</ety>

<def>To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also

<xex>gnarr</xex>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>At them he gan to rear his bristles strong,

And felly <qex>gnarre</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>A thousand wants

<qex>Gnarr</qex> at the heels of men.</q>

<qau>Tennison.</qau>



<hw>Gnarl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gnarled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gnarling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From older <ets>gnar</ets>,

prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. <ets>knarren</ets>,

<ets>knurren</ets>. D. <ets>knorren</ets>, Sw. <ets>knorra</ets>,

Dan. <ets>knurre</ets>.]</ety> <def>To growl; to snarl.</def>



<q>And wolves are <qex>gnarling</qex> who shall gnaw thee

first.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gnarl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gnar</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>a knot in wood; a large or hard knot,

or a protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree.</def>



<hw>Gnarled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Knotty; full of

knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.</def>



<q>The unwedgeable and <qex>gnarl\'82d</qex> oak.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gnarl"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of knots;

knotty; twisted; crossgrained.</def>



<hw>Gnash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gnashed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gnashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gnasten</ets>,

<ets>gnaisten</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>gnastan</ets> a gnashing,

<ets>gn<?/sta</ets> to gnash, Dan.<ets>knaske</ets>, Sw.

<ets>gnissla</ets>, D. <ets>knarsen</ets>, G.

<ets>knirschen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strike together, as in anger

or pain; <as>as, to <ex>gnash</ex> the teeth</as>.</def>



<hw>Gnash</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grind or strike the

teeth together.</def>



<q>There they him laid,

<qex>Gnashing</qex> for anguish, and despite, and shame.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Gnash"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With gnashing.</def>



<hw>Gnat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gn\'91t</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus

<spn>Culex</spn>, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The

females have a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for

penetrating the skin of animals. These are wanting in the males.

In America they are generally called <xex>mosquitoes</xex>. See

<er>Mosquito</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits;

esp., in America, a small biting fly of the genus

<spn>Simulium</spn> and allies, as the buffalo gnat, the black

fly, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Gnat catcher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of

several species of small American singing birds, of the genus

<spn>Polioptila</spn>, allied to the kinglets.</cd> -- <col>Gnat

flower</col>, <cd>the bee flower.</cd> -- <col>Gnat hawk</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European goatsucker; -- called

also <altname>gnat owl</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gnat snapper</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird that catches gnats.</cd> --

<col>Gnat strainer</col>, <cd>a person ostentatiously punctilious

about trifles. Cf. <au>Matt. xxiii. 24</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gnath"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the

jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

jaw.</def>



<cs><col>Gnathic index</col>, <cd>in a skull, the ratio of the

distance from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the basion

(taken equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to the

middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; -- called also

<altname>alveolar index</altname>.</cd></cs>



<q>Skulls with the <qex>gnathic index</qex> below 98 are

orthognathous, from 98 to 103 mesognathous, and above 103 are

prognathous.</q>

<qau>Flower.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Gna*thid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gnathidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ramus of the lower

jaw of a bird as far as it is naked; -- commonly used in the

plural.</def>



<hw>Gnath"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the

jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of the mouth

appendages of the Arthropoda. They are known as mandibles,

maxill\'91, and maxillipeds.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gna*thon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gna*thon"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Gnatho</ets>,

name of a parasite in the \'bdEunuchus\'b8 of Terence, Gr. <?/;

hence, a parasite in general.]</ety> <def>Flattering;

deceitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gnath"o*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

the jaw + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

gnathopodite or maxilliped. See <er>Maxilliped</er>.</def>



<hw>Gna*thop"o*dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l,)</fld> <def>Any leglike appendage of a crustacean,

when modified wholly, or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of

the maxillipeds.</def>



<hw>Gna*thas"te*gite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ the jaw + <?/ a roof.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer maxillipeds

of crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth organs.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gna*thos"to*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the jaw + <?/, <?/, the mouth.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive division of

vertebrates, including all that have distinct jaws, in contrast

with the leptocardians and marsipobranchs

(<spn>Cyclostoma</spn>), which lack them.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>Gnathostomata</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Gnath`o*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gnathothec\'92</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/ the jaw + <?/ a box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

horney covering of the lower mandible of a bird.</def>



<hw>Gnat"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small gnat.</def>



<hw>Gnat"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called

also, colloquially, <xex>wiggler</xex>.</def>



<hw>Gnaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gnawed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gnawing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>gnawen</ets>, AS. <ets>gnagan</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>knagen</ets>, OHG. <ets>gnagan</ets>, <ets>nagan</ets>, G.

<ets>nagen</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>gnaga</ets>, Dan.

<ets>gnave</ets>, <ets>nage</ets>. Cf. <er>Nag</er> to

tease.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bite, as something hard or

tough, which is not readily separated or crushed; to bite off

little by little, with effort; to wear or eat away by scraping or

continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at.</def>



<q>His bones clean picked; his very bones they

<qex>gnaw</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bite in agony or rage.</def>



<q>They <qex>gnawed</qex> their tongues for pain.</q>

<qau>Rev. xvi. 10.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To corrode; to fret away; to waste.</def>



<hw>Gnaw</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use the teeth in biting;

to bite with repeated effort, as in eating or removing with the

teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or unmanageable.</def>



<q>I might well, like the spaniel, <qex>gnaw</qex> upon the chain

that ties me.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Gnaw"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, gnaws.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rodent.</def>



<hw>Gneiss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A crystalline rock, consisting, like

granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these

materials, especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it

breaks rather easily into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende

sometimes takes the place of the mica, and it is then called

<stype>hornblendic <or/ syenitic gneiss</stype>. Similar

varieties of related rocks are also called gneiss.</def>



<hw>Gneis"sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to,

or resembling, gneiss; consisting of gneiss.</def>



<hw>Gneis"soid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gneiss</ets>+ <ets>-old</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling

gneiss; having some of the characteristics of gneiss; -- applied

to rocks of an intermediate character between granite and gneiss,

or mica slate and gneiss.</def>



<hw>Gneis"sose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

structure of gneiss.</def>



<hw>Gnew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Gnaw</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gnide</hw> <pr>(n<imac/d)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gn<imac/dan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rub; to bruise; to break

in pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but

improperly. The woed, though common in Old English, does not

occur in Chaucer.</note>



<au>T. R. Lounsbury.</au>



<hw>Gnof</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Churl;

curmudgeon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gnome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gnome</ets>, prob. fr. Gr. <?/ one that knows, a guardian,

<ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., of the treasures in the inner parts

of the earth, or fr. <?/ intelligence, both fr. <?/, <?/, to

know. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An imaginary

being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of

the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or

misshapen features, or of strange appearance.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small owl

(<spn>Glaucidium gnoma</spn>) of the Western United States.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A brief reflection or

maxim.</def>



<au>Peacham.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gnom"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gnom"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf.

F. <ets>gnomique</ets>. See <er>Gnome</er> maxim.]</ety>

<def>Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking

detached thoughts; aphoristic.</def>



<q>A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and

<qex>gnomic</qex> poetry.</q>

<qau>G. R. Lewes.</qau>



<cs><col>Gnomic Poets</col>, <cd>Greek poets, as Theognis and

Solon, of the sixth century <sc>B. C.</sc>, whose writings

consist of short sententious precepts and reflections.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gnom"ic*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gnomon</er>.]</ety> <def>Gnomonical.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Gnom"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a gnomic,

didactic, or sententious manner.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gno`mo*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gno`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or

resembling, a gnomology.</def>



<hw>Gno*mol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ judgment, maxim + <?/ discourse: cf. F.

<ets>gnomologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A collection of, or a treatise

on, maxims, grave sentences, or reflections.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Gno"mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gnomon</ets>, Gr. <?/ one that knows, the index of a

sundial. See <er>Gnome</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>The style or pin, which by

its shadow, shows the hour of the day. It is usually set parallel

to the earth's axis.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A style or column erected

perpendicularly to the horizon, formerly used in astronomocal

observations. Its principal use was to find the altitude of the

sun by measuring the length of its shadow.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The space included between

the boundary lines of two similar parallelograms, the one within

the other, with an angle in common; <as>as, the <ex>gnomon</ex>

<it>bcdefg</it> of the parallelograms <it>ac</it> and

<it>af</it></as>. The parallelogram <it>bf</it> is the complement

of the parallelogram <it>df.</it></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The index of the hour circle of a globe.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gno*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gno*mon"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gnomonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>gnomonique</ets>. See

<er>Gnomon</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or

the art of dialing.</def>



<cs><col>Gnomonic projection</col>, <cd>a projection of the

circles of the sphere, in which the point of sight is taken at

the center of the sphere, and the principal plane is tangent to

the surface of the sphere. \'bdThe <xex>gnomonic projection<xex>

derives its name from the connection between the methods of

describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon or

dial.\'b8 <au>Cyc. of Arts & Sciences</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gno*mon"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>According to the principles of the gnomonic

projection.</def>



<hw>Gno*mon"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gnomonic</er>.]</ety> <def>The art or science of dialing, or

of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow

of a gnomon.</def>



<hw>Gno"mon*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled

in gnomonics.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Gno`mon*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gnomon</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>. Cf.

<er>Gnomonology</er>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on gnomonics.</def>



<hw>Gnos"co*pine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gignw`skein</grk> to know + E. <ets>opium</ets>?]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid existing in small quantities

in opium.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gno"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <grk>gnw^sis</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The

deeper wisdom; knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was claimed

by the Gnostics.</def>



<hw>Gnos"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Knowing; wise; shrewd.</def> <mark>[Old Slang]</mark>



<q>I said you were a <qex>gnostic</qex> fellow.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to

Gnosticism or its adherents; <as>as, the <ex>Gnostic</ex>

heresy</as>.</def>



<hw>Gnos"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>gnosticus</ets>,

Gr. <?/ good at knowing, sagacious; as a n., man that claims to

have a deeper wisdom, fr. <grk>gignw`skein</grk> to know: cf. F.

<ets>gnostique</ets>. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the so-called philosophers in the first

ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical

interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined

Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of

Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible,

intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by

successive emanations, which they called <xex>Eons</xex>.</def>



<hw>Gnos"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The system

of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.</def>



<hw>Gnow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>

<mord>of <er>Gnaw</er></mord>. <def>Gnawed.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gnu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hottentot

<ets>gnu</ets>, or <ets>nju</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gnou</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of two species of large South

African antelopes of the genus <spn>Catoblephas</spn>, having a

mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>gnoo</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ The <xex>common gnu</xex> or <xex>wildebeest</xex>

(<spn>Catoblephas gnu</spn>) is plain brown; the <xex>brindled

gnu</xex> or <xex>blue wildebeest</xex> (<spn>C. gorgon</spn>) is

larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and

shoulders.</note>



<hw>Go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>p. p.</pos>

<mord>of <er>Go</er></mord>. <def>Gone.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Go</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos>

<er>Went</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Gone</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Going</er>.

<xex>Went</xex> comes from the AS, <xex>wendan</xex>. See

<er>Wend</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gan</ets>, gon, AS. <ets>g\'ben</ets>, akin to D.

<ets>gaan</ets>, G. <ets>gehn</ets>, <ets>gehen</ets>, OHG.

<ets>g<?/n</ets>, <ets>g\'ben</ets>, SW. <ets>g<adeg/</ets>, Dan.

<ets>gaae</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to reach, overtake, Skr.

<ets>h\'be</ets> to go, AS. <ets>gangan</ets>, and E.

<ets>gang</ets>. The past tense in AS., <ets>eode</ets>, is from

the root <ets>i</ets> to go, as is also Goth. <ets>iddja</ets>

went. <root/47<it>a</it>.  Cf. <er>Gang</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>,

<er>Wend</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass from one place to another; to be in

motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proced; to

advance; to make progress; -- used, in various applications, of

the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever

means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively

applied.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk;

also, to walk step by step, or leisurely.</def>



<note><hand/ In old writers <xex>go</xex> is much used as opposed

to <xex>run</xex>, or <xex>ride</xex>. \'bdWhereso I

<xex>go</xex> or <xex>ride</xex>.\'b8</note>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>You know that love

Will creep in service where it can not <qex>go</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that

<qex>going</qex> will scarce serve the turn.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He fell from running to <qex>going</qex>, and from

<qex>going</qex> to clambering upon his hands and his knees.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<note><hand/ In Chaucer <xex>go</xex> is used frequently with the

pronoun in the objective used reflexively; as, he

<xex>goeth</xex> him home.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to

circulate; hence, with <xex>for</xex>, to have currency; to be

taken, accepted, or regarded.</def>



<q>The man <qex>went</qex> among men for an old man in the days

of Saul.</q>

<qau>1 Sa. xvii. 12.</qau>



<q>[The money] should <qex>go</qex> according to its true

value.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare;

to move on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue

or result; to succeed; to turn out.</def>



<q>How <qex>goes</qex> the night, boy ?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I think, as the world <qex>goes</qex>, he was a good sort of

man enough.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<q>Whether the cause <qex>goes</qex> for me or against me, you

must pay me the reward.</q>

<qau>I Watts.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence,

or product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail;

to apply; to contribute; -- often with the infinitive; <as>as,

this <ex>goes</ex> to show</as>.</def>



<q>Against right reason all your counsels <qex>go</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>To master the foul flend there <qex>goeth</qex> some

complement knowledge of theology.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To apply one's self; to set one's self; to

undertake.</def>



<q>Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator,

he <qex>went</qex> not to denial, but to justify his cruel

falsehood.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Go</xex>, in this sense, is often used in the

present participle with the auxiliary verb <xex>to be</xex>,

before an infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to

denote design; as, I was <xex>going</xex> to say; I am

<xex>going</xex> to begin harvest.</note>



<-- p. 635 -->



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in

mind or by an act of the memory or imagination; -- generally with

<xex>over</xex> or <xex>through</xex>.</def>



<q>By <qex>going</qex> over all these particulars, you may

receive some tolerable satisfaction about this great subject.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To be with young; to be pregnant; to

gestate.</def>



<q>The fruit she <qex>goes</qex> with,

I pray for heartily, that it may find

Good time, and live.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To move from the person speaking, or from the

point whence the action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave;

to depart; -- in opposition to <xex>stay</xex> and

<xex>come</xex>.</def>



<q>I will let you <qex>go</qex>, that ye may sacrifice to the

Lord your God; . . . only ye shall not <qex>go</qex> very far

away.</q>

<qau>Ex. viii. 28.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or

ruined; to perish; to decline; to decease; to die.</def>



<q>By Saint George, he's <qex>gone</qex>!

That spear wound hath our master sped.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To reach; to extend; to lead; <as>as, a line

<ex>goes</ex> across the street; his land <ex>goes</ex> to the

river; this road <ex>goes</ex> to New York.</as></def>



<q>His amorous expressions <qex>go</qex> no further than virtue

may allow.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>To have recourse; to resort; <as>as, to

<ex>go</ex> to law</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Go</xex> is used, in combination with many

prepositions and adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated

by the preposition or adverb, in which, and not in the verb, lies

the principal force of the expression; as, to <xex>go

against</xex> to <xex>go into</xex>, to <xex>go out</xex>, to

<xex>go aside</xex>, to <xex>go astray</xex>, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Go to</col>, <cd>come; move; go away; -- a phrase of

exclamation, serious or ironical.</cd> -- <col>To go

a-begging</col>, <cd>not to be in demand; to be undesired.</cd>

-- <col>To go about</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To set about; to

enter upon a scheme of action; to undertake. \'bdThey <xex>went

about<xex> to slay him.\'b8</cd>



<au>Acts ix. 29.</au>



<q>They never <qex>go about</qex> . . . to hide or palliate their

vices.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To tack; to turn the head of

a ship; to wear.</cd> -- <col>To go abraod</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To go to a foreign country.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go out

of doors.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To become public; to be published

or disclosed; to be current.</cd>



<q>Then <qex>went</qex> this saying <qex>abroad</qex> among the

brethren.</q>

<qau>John xxi. 23.</qau>



-- <col>To go against</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To march against;

to attack.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be in opposition to; to be

disagreeable to.</cd> -- <col>To go ahead</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To go in advance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go on; to make

progress; to proceed.</cd> -- <col>To go and come</col>. <cd>See

<cref>To come and go</cref>, under <er>Come</er>.</cd> -- <col>To

go aside</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To withdraw; to retire.</cd>



<q>He . . . <qex>went aside</qex> privately into a desert

place.</q>

<qau>Luke. ix. 10.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go from what is right; to err.</cd> <au>Num.

v. 29.</au>-- <col>To go back on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

retrace (one's path or footsteps).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

abandon; to turn against; to betray. <mark>[Slang, U.

S.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To go below</col> <sd>(Naut)</sd>, <cd>to

go below deck.</cd> -- <col>To go between</col>, <cd>to interpose

or mediate between; to be a secret agent between parties; in a

bad sense, to pander.</cd> -- <col>To go beyond</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Beyond</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go by</col>, <cd>to pass

away unnoticed; to omit.</cd> -- <col>To go by the board</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to fall or be carried overboard; as, the

mast <xex>went by the board</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To go down</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To descend.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go below

the horizon; as, the sun has <xex>gone down</xex>.</cd>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To sink; to founder; -- said of ships, etc.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To be swallowed; -- used literally or

figuratively. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd>



<q>Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it <qex>goes down</qex> whole

with him for truth.</q>

<qau>L' Estrange.</qau>



-- <col>To go far</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go to a

distance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have much weight or

influence.</cd> -- <col>To go for</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go

in quest of.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To represent; to pass

for.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To favor; to advocate.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To attack; to assault.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To sell for; to be parted with for (a

price).</cd> -- <col>To go for nothing</col>, <cd>to be parted

with for no compensation or result; to have no value, efficacy,

or influence; to count for nothing.</cd> -- <col>To go

forth</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To depart from a place.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be divulged or made generally known; to

emanate.</cd>



<q>The law shall <qex>go forth</qex> of Zion, and the word of the

Lord from Jerusalem.</q>

<qau>Micah iv. 2.</qau>



-- <col>To go hard with</col>, <cd>to trouble, pain, or

endanger.</cd> -- <col>To go in</col>, <cd>to engage in; to take

part. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To go in and out</col>,

<cd>to do the business of life; to live; to have free access.

<au>John x. 9</au>.</cd> -- <col>To go in for</col>.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go for; to favor or

advocate (a candidate, a measure, etc.).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor, preferment,

etc.)</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To complete for (a reward, election,

etc.).</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To make the object of one's labors,

studies, etc.</cd>



<q>He was as ready <qex>to go in for</qex> statistics as for

anything else.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



-- <mcol><col>To go in to</col> <or/ <col>unto</col></mcol>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To enter the presence of.</cd> <au>Esther iv.

16.</au><sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have sexual intercourse with.

<mark>[Script.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To go into</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a

question, subject, etc.).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To participate in

(a war, a business, etc.).</cd> -- <col>To go large</col>.

<sd>(Naut)</sd> <cd>See under <er>Large</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go

off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go away; to depart.</cd>



<q>The leaders . . . will not <qex>go off</qex> until they hear

you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness

<xex>went off</xex>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To die.</cd>

<au>Shak</au>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To explode or be discharged; --

said of gunpowder, of a gun, a mine, etc.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd>

<cd>To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of.</cd>

<sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To pass off; to take place; to be

accomplished.</cd>



<q>The wedding <qex>went off</qex> much as such affairs do.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Caskell.</qau>



-- <col>To go on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To proceed; to advance

further; to continue; as, <xex>to go on</xex> reading.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat

will not <xex>go on</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To go all fours</col>,

<cd>to correspond exactly, point for point.</cd>



<q>It is not easy to make a simile <qex>go on all

fours</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



-- <col>To go out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To issue forth from a

place.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go abroad; to make an excursion

or expedition.</cd>



<q>There are other men fitter <qex>to go out</qex> than I.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>What <qex>went</qex> ye <qex>out</qex> for to see ?</q>

<qau>Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad,

as news, fame etc.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To expire; to die; to

cease; to come to an end; as, the light has <xex>gone

out</xex>.</cd>



<q>Life itself <qex>goes out</qex> at thy displeasure.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



-- <col>To go over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To traverse; to cross,

as a river, boundary, etc.; to change sides.</cd>



<q>I must not <qex>go over</qex> Jordan.</q>

<qau>Deut. iv. 22.</qau>



<q>Let me <qex>go over</qex>, and see the good land that is

beyond Jordan.</q>

<qau>Deut. iii. 25.</qau>



<q>Ishmael . . . departed <qex>to go over</qex> to the

Ammonites.</q>

<qau>Jer. xli. 10.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To read, or study; to examine; to review; as,

<xex>to go over</xex> one's accounts.</cd>



<q>If we <qex>go over</qex> the laws of Christianity, we shall

find that . . . they enjoin the same thing.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To transcend; to surpass.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd>

<cd>To be postponed; as, the bill <xex>went over</xex> for the

session.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>To be converted

(into a specified substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur

<xex>goes over</xex> into orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose

<xex>goes over</xex> into dextrose and levulose.</cd> -- <col>To

go through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To accomplish; as, <xex>to go

through</xex> a work.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To suffer; to endure

to the end; as, <xex>to go through</xex> a surgical operation or

a tedious illness.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To spend completely; to

exhaust, as a fortune.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To strip or despoil

(one) of his property.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> <sd>(e)</sd>

<cd>To botch or bungle a business.</cd> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> --

<col>To go through with</col>, <cd>to perform, as a calculation,

to the end; to complete.</cd> -- <col>To go to ground</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted

fox.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To fall in battle.</cd> -- <col>To go

to naught</col> (<mark>Colloq</mark>.), <cd>to prove abortive, or

unavailling.</cd> -- <col>To go under</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

set; -- said of the sun.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be known or

recognized by (a name, title, etc.</cd>). <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To be

overwhelmed, submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb.</cd>

-- <col>To go up</col>, <cd>to come to nothing; to prove

abortive; to fail.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To go

upon</col>, <cd>to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis.</cd>

-- <col>To go with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To accompany.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To coincide or agree with.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>To suit; to harmonize with.</cd> -- <col>To go</col>

(<col>well</col>, <col>ill</col>, <or/ <col>hard</col>)

<col>with</col>, <cd>to affect (one) in such manner.</cd> --

<col>To go without</col>, <cd>to be, or to remain, destitute

of.</cd> -- <col>To go wrong</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take a

wrong road or direction; to wander or stray.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To depart from virtue.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To happen

unfortunately.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To miss success.</cd> --

<col>To let go</col>, <cd>to allow to depart; to quit one's hold;

to release.</cd>



<hw>Go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become

responsible for; to bear a part in.</def>



<q>They to <qex>go</qex> equal shares in the booty.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bet or wager; <as>as, I'll <ex>go</ex> you a

shilling</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>To go halves</col>, <cd>to share with another

equally.</cd> -- ><col>To go it</col>, <cd>to behave in a wild

manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to make

progress.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To go it

alone</col></mcol> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to play a hand

without the assistance of one's partner.<-- to do anything

without the assistance of one's former associates --></cd> --

<col>To go it blind</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To act in a rash,

reckless, or headlong manner. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <cd>To bet without having

examined the cards.<-- = to bet in the blind --></cd> -- <col>To

go one's way</col>, <cd>to set forth; to depart.</cd></cs>



<hw>Go</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act; working;

operation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So gracious were the <qex>goes</qex> of marriage.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A circumstance or occurrence; an incident.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<q>This is a pretty <qex>go</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The fashion or mode; <as>as, quite the

<ex>go</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Noisy merriment; <as>as, a high

<ex>go</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A glass of spirits.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Power of going or doing; energy; vitality;

perseverance; push; <as>as, there is no <ex>go</ex> in

him</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Cribbage)</fld> <def>That condition in the

course of the game when a player can not lay down a card which

will not carry the aggregate count above thirty-one.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Great go</col>, <col>Little go</col></mcol>,

<cd>the final and the preliminary examinations for a degree.</cd>

<mark>[Slang, Eng. Univ.]</mark> -- <col>No go</col>, <cd>a

failure; a fiasco. <mark>[Slang]</mark> <au>Thackeray</au>.</cd>

-- <col>On the go</col>, <cd>moving about; unsettled.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Go"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A species of antelope (<spn>Procapra picticauda</spn>),

inhabiting Thibet.</def>



<hw>Goad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>g\'bed</ets>; perh. akin to AS. <ets>g\'ber</ets> a dart,

and E. <ets>gore</ets>. See <er>Gore</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A pointed instrument used to urge on a

beast; hence, any necessity that urges or stimulates.</def>



<q>The daily <qex>goad</qex> urging him to the daily toil.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Goad</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Goaded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Goading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To prick; to drive with a

goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything pungent,

severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate.</def>



<q>That temptation that doth <qex>goad</qex> us on.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate;

incite; instigate.</syn>



<hw>Goaf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>; <plu>n</xex>.; <xex>pl.

<plw>Goafs</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> or <plw>Goaves</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. lst <er>Gob</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>That part of a mine from which the

mineral has been partially or wholly removed; the waste left in

old workings; -- called also <altname>gob</altname> .</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To work the goaf</col> <or/ <col>gob</col></mcol>,

<cd>to remove the pillars of mineral matter previously left to

support the roof, and replace them with props.

<au>Ure</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Goal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gaule</ets> pole, Prov. F. <ets>waule</ets>, of German

origin; cf. Fries. <ets>walu</ets> staff, stick, rod, Goth.

<ets>walus</ets>, Icel. <ets>v\'94lr</ets> a round stick; prob.

akin to E. <ets>wale</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The mark set to bound a race, and to or around

which the constestants run, or from which they start to return to

it again; the place at which a race or a journey is to end.</def>



<q>Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the <qex>goal</qex>

With rapid wheels.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The final purpose or aim; the end to which a

design tends, or which a person aims to reach or attain.</def>



<q>Each individual seeks a several <qex>goal</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A base, station, or bound used in various games;

in football, a line between two posts across which the ball must

pass in order to score; also, the act of kicking the ball over

the line between the goal posts.</def>



<cs><col>Goal keeper</col>, <cd>the player charged with the

defense of the goal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Go"a pow"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from

<ets>Goa</ets>, on the Malabar coast, whither it was shipped from

Portugal.]</ety> <def>A bitter powder (also called

<altname>araroba</altname>) found in the interspaces of the wood

of a Brazilian tree (<spn>Andira araroba</spn>) and used as a

medicine. It is the material from which chrysarobin is

obtained.</def>



<hw>Goar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as lst

<er>Gore</er>.</def>



<hw>Goar"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Patched; mean.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl. </au>



<hw>Goat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE

<ets>goot</ets>, <ets>got</ets>, <ets>gat</ets>, AS.

<ets>g\'bet</ets>; akin to D. <ets>geit</ets>, OHG.

<ets>geiz</ets>, G. <ets>geiss</ets>, Icel. <ets>geit</ets>, Sw.

<ets>get</ets>, Dan. <ets>ged</ets>, Goth. <ets>gaits</ets>, L.

<ets>haedus</ets> a young goat, kid.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus <spn>Capra</spn>, of

several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (<spn>C.

hircus</spn>), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and

skin.</def>



<note><hand/ The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have

long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The

wild or bezoar goat (<spn>Capra \'91gagrus</spn>), of Asia Minor,

noted for the bezoar stones found in its stomach, is supposed to

be one of the ancestral species ofthe domestic goat. The Rocky

Montain goat (<spn>Haplocercus montanus</spn>) is more nearly

related to the antelopes. See <er>Mazame</er>.</note>



<cs><col>Goat antelope</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>one of

several species of antelopes, which in some respects resemble a

goat, having recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs, and a

short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara.</cd>

-- <col>Goat fig</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the wild fig.</cd>

-- <col>Goat house</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A place for keeping

goats.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A brothel.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

-- <col>Goat moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth of

the genus <spn>Cossus</spn>, esp. the large European species

(<spn>C. ligniperda</spn>), the larva of which burrows in oak and

willow trees, and requires three years to mature. It exhales an

odor like that of the he-goat.</cd> -- <col>Goat weed</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus

<spn>Capraria</spn> (<spn>C. biflora</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Goat's

bane</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a poisonous plant

(<spn>Aconitum Lucoctonum</spn>), bearing pale yellow flowers,

introduced from Switzerland into England; wolfsbane.</cd> --

<col>Goat's beard</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the

genus <spn>Tragopogon</spn>; -- so named from the long silky

beard of the seeds. One species is the salsify or oyster

plant.</cd> -- <col>Goat's foot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

kind of wood sorrel (<spn>Oxalis caprina</spn>) growing at the

Cape of Good Hope.</cd> -- <col>Goat's rue</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous plant (<spn>Galega

officinalis</spn> of Europe, or <spn>Tephrosia Virginiana</spn>

in the United States).</cd> -- <col>Goat's thorn</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a thorny leguminous plant (<spn>Astragalus

Tragacanthus</spn>), found in the Levant.</cd> -- <col>Goat's

wheat</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the genus

<spn>Tragopyrum</spn> (now referred to

<spn>Atraphaxis</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Goat`ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A part of a

man's beard on the chin or lower lip which is allowed to grow,

and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a goat.</def>



<hw>Goat"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus

<spn>Upeneus</spn>, inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico. It is allied

to the surmullet.</def>



<hw>Goat"herd`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

tends goats.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Goat"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characteristic of a goat;

goatlike.</def>



<q>Give your chaste body up to the embraces

Of <qex>goatish</qex> lust.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Goat"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Goat"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Goat"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a goat;

goatish.</def>



<hw>Goat"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The skin of

a goat, or leather made from it.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos>

<def>Made of the skin of a goat.</def></def2>



<hw>Goat"suck`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of

insectivorous birds, belonging to <spn>Caprimulgus</spn> and

allied genera, esp. the European species (<spn>Caprimulgus

Europ\'91us</spn>); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it

sucks goats. The European species is also <xex>goat-milker</xex>,

<xex>goat owl</xex>, <xex>goat chaffer</xex>, <xex>fern

owl</xex>, <xex>night hawk</xex>, <xex>nightjar</xex>, <xex>night

churr</xex>, <xex>churr-owl</xex>, <xex>gnat hawk</xex>, and

<xex>dorhawk</xex> .</def>



<hw>Goaves</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Goaf</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Old

workings. See <er>Goaf</er>.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Gob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Goaf</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Goaf</er>.</def>



<hw>Gob</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>gob</ets> morsel; cf.

F. <ets>gobe</ets>, <ets>gobbe</ets>, a poisoned morsel, poison

ball, <ets>gobet</ets> a piece swallowed, <ets>gober</ets> to

swallow greedily and without tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir.

<ets>gob</ets> mouth, snout, W. <ets>gwp</ets> a bird's head and

neck. Cf. <er>Gobble</er>, <er>Job</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a

mouthful.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The mouth.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.or Low]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Gob"bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. & F.

<ets>gobet</ets>. See 2d <er>Gob</er>.]</ety> <def>A mouthful; a

lump; a small piece.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>[He] had broken the stocks to small <qex>gobbets</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wyclif.</qau>



<hw>Gob"bet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To swallow greedily; to

swallow in gobbets.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Gob"bet*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In pieces.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<hw>Gob"bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See lst

<er>Gob</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

refuse thrown back into the excavation after removing the

coal</def>. It is called also <altname>gob stuff</altname>.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The process of packing with waste rock;

stowing</def>.



<hw>Gob"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gobbled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gobbling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of 2d

<ets>gob</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to

gulp.</def>



<q>Supper <qex>gobbled</qex> up in haste.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.</def>



<q>He . . . <qex>gobbles</qex> out a note of

self-approbation.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<cs><col>To gobble up</col>, <cd>to capture in a mass or in

masses; to capture suddenly. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Gob"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To eat

greedily.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a noise like that of a turkey

cock.</def>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Gob"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A noise made in the

throat.</def>



<q>Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant

<qex>gobble</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Gore.</qau>



<hw>Gob"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A turkey cock;

a bubbling Jock.</def>



<hw>Gob"e*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

tapestry produced in the so-called <xex>Gobelin</xex> works,

which have been maintained by the French Government since

1667.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gobe`mouche"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who

keeps his mouth open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.</def>



<hw>Gob"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gobbet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Go"-be*tween`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; -- usually in a

disparaging sense.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Go"bi*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>Gobius + -oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like,

or pertaining to, the goby, or the genus <spn>Gobius</spn>.</def>

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A gobioid fish.</def></def2>



<hw>Gob"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gobelet</ets>, LL. <ets>gobeletus</ets>,

<ets>gobellus</ets>; cf. L. <ets>cupa</ets> tub, cask. See

<er>Cupel</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of cup or drinking vessel

having a foot or standard, but without a handle.</def>



<q>We love not loaded boards and <qex>goblets</qex> crowned.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<hw>Gob"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gobelin</ets>, F. <ets>gobelin</ets>, LL.

<ets>gobelinus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ knave, a mischievous goblin; or

cf. G. <ets>kobold</ets>, E. <ets>kobold</ets>,

<ets>cobalt</ets>, Armor. <ets>gobilin</ets> an ignis fatuus,

goblin.]</ety> <def>An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or

malicious elf; a frightful phantom; a gnome.</def>



<q>To whom the <qex>goblin</qex>, full of wrath, replied.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<-- p. 636 -->



<hw>Gob"line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>One of the ropes or chains serving as stays for the dolphin

striker or the bowsprit; -- called also

<altname>gobrope</altname> and <altname>gaubline</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gob"lin*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

transform into a goblin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Go"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gobies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>gobie</ets>,

L. <ets>gobius</ets>, <ets>gobio</ets>, Gr. <?/ Cf.

<er>Gudgeon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

several species of small marine fishes of the genus

<spn>Gobius</spn> and allied genera.</def>



<hw>Go"-by`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A passing

without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting away; a shifting

off; adieu; <as>as, to give a proposal the

<ex>go-by</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Some songs to which we have given the <qex>go-by</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<hw>Go"cart`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A framework

moving on casters, designed to support children while learning to

walk.</def>



<hw>God</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Good.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>God</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>god</ets>; akin to OS. & D. <ets>god</ets>, OHG.

<ets>got</ets>, G. <ets>gott</ets>, Icel. <ets>gu<?/</ets>,

<ets>go<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>gud</ets>, Goth.

<ets>gup</ets>, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root appearing in Skr.

<ets>h<?/</ets>, p. p. <ets>h<?/ta</ets>, to call upon, invoke,

implore. <?/ Cf. <er>Goodbye</er>, <er>Gospel</er>,

<er>Gossip</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A being conceived of as

possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by

sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of

worship; an idol.</def>



<q>He maketh a <qex>god</qex>, and worshipeth it.</q>

<qau>Is. xliv. 15.</qau>



<q>The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down

To bestial <qex>gods</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite

Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe;

Jehovah.</def>



<q><qex>God</qex> is a Spirit; and they that worship him must

worship him in spirit and in truth.</q>

<qau>John iv. 24.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person or thing deified and honored as the

chief good; an object of supreme regard.</def>



<q>Whose <qex>god</qex> is their belly.</q>

<qau>Phil. iii. 19.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Figuratively applied to one who wields great or

despotic power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Act of God</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Act</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gallery gods</col>, <cd>the occupants

of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>God's acre</col>, <col>God's

field</col></mcol>, <cd>a burial place; a churchyard. See under

<er>Acre</er>.</cd> -- <col>God's house</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>An almshouse. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

church.</cd> -- <col>God's penny</col>, <cd>earnest penny.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Beau. & Fl</au>.</cd> -- <col>God's

Sunday</col>, <cd>Easter.</cd></cs>



<hw>God</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat as a god; to

idolize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>God"child`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One for whom

a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he promises to see

educated as a Christian; a godson or goddaughter. See

<er>Godfather</er>.</def>



<hw>God"daugh`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>goddohtor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female for whom one becomes

sponsor at baptism.</def>



<hw>God"dess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex.</def>



<q>When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd

of <qex>goddesses</qex>, she was distinguished by her graceful

stature and superior beauty.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A woman of superior charms or excellence.</def>



<hw>Gode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Good.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gode"lich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Goodly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>God"fa`ther</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>godf\'91der</ets>. Cf. <er>Gossip</er>.]</ety> <def>A man

who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a

surety for its Christian training and instruction.</def>



<q>There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they

can be had, two <qex>Godfathers</qex> and one Godmother; and for

every Female, one <qex>Godfather</qex> and two Godmothers; and

Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired.</q>

<qau>Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ).</qau>



<hw>God"fa`ther</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To act as godfather

to; to take under one's fostering care.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>God"-fear`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

reverential and loving feeling towards God; religious.</def>



<q>A brave <qex>good-fearing</qex> man.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>God"head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>godhed</ets>. See <er>-head</er>, and cf.

<er>Godhood</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Godship; deity;

divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.</def>



<q>The imperial throne

Of <qex>Godhead</qex>, fixed for ever.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A god or goddess; a divinity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Adoring first the genius of the place,

The nymphs and native <qex>godheads</qex> yet unknown.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>God"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>God</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>. Cf.

<er>Godhead</er>.]</ety> <def>Divine nature or essence; deity;

godhead.</def>



<hw>God"ild</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A corruption of <xex>God

yield</xex>, i. e., God reward or bless.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>God"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having, or acknowledging,

no God; without reverence for God; impious; wicked.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>God"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>God"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>God"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>God</ets> + <ets>like.</ets> Cf.

<er>Godly</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling or befitting a god or God;

divine; hence, preeminently good; <as>as, <ex>godlike</ex>

virtue</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>God"like`ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>God"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Righteously.</def>



<au>H. Wharton.</au>



<hw>God"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Godly</er>.]</ety> <def>Careful observance of, or conformity

to, the laws of God; the state or quality of being godly;

piety.</def>



<q><qex>Godliness</qex> is profitable unto all things.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. iv. 8.</qau>



<hw>God"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A diminutive

god.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>God"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>God</ets>,

<pos>n.</pos> + <ets>-ly</ets>. Cf.</pos> <er>Godlike</er>,

<er>Like</er>.]</ety> <def>Pious; reverencing God, and his

character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love

for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law;

devout; righteous; <as>as, a <ex>godly</ex> life</as>.</def>



<q>For <qex>godly</qex> sorrow worketh repentance.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. vii. 10.</qau>



<hw>God"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Piously;

devoutly; righteously.</def>



<q>All that will live <qex>godly</qex> in Christ Jesus shall

suffer persecution.</q>

<qau>2. Tim. iii. 12.</qau>



<hw>God"ly*head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Goodlyhead</er>.]</ety> <def>Goodness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>God"moth`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>godm<?/dor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who becomes sponsor

for a child in baptism. See <er>Godfather</er></def>



<hw>Go*down"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corruption of

Malay <ets>g\'bedong</ets> warehouse.]</ety> <def>A

warehouse.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>



<hw>Go*droon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>godron</ets> a round plait, godroon.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament produced by notching or

carving a rounded molding.</def>



<hw>God"send`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something

sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or piece of good

fortune.</def>



<hw>God"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>God</ets>, n. +

<ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The rank or character of a god;

deity; divinity; a god or goddess.</def>



<q>O'er hills and dales their <qex>godships</qex> came.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>God"sib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gossip.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>God"son`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>godsunu</ets>.]</ety> <def>A male for whom one has stood

sponsor in baptism. See <er>Godfather</er>.</def>



<hw>God"speed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Success;

prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the phrase,

\'bd<xex>God speed</xex> you.\'b8 </def> <altsp>[Written also as

two separate words.]</altsp>



<q>Receive him not into house, neither bid him <qex>God

speed</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 John 10.</qau>



<hw>God"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward

God.</def>



<au>2 Cor. iii. 4.</au>



<hw>God"wit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from AS.

<ets>g<?/d</ets> good + <ets>wiht</ets> creature, wight.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of long-billed,

wading birds of the genus <spn>Limosa</spn>, and family

<spn>Tringid\'91</spn>. The European black-tailed godwit

(<spn>Limosa limosa</spn>), the American marbled godwit (<spn>L.

fedoa</spn>), the Hudsonian godwit (<spn>L. h\'91mastica</spn>),

and others, are valued as game birds. Called also

<altname>godwin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Go"el</hw> <pr>(g<omac/"<ecr/l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Yellow</er>. <root/49.]</ety> <def>Yellow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Go`\'89`land"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>go\'89land</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A white

tropical tern (<spn>Cygis candida</spn>).</def>



<hw>\'d8Go`\'89`min"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>go\'89mon</ets> seaweed.]</ety> <def>A complex mixture of

several substances extracted from Irish moss.</def>



<hw>Go"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of Go.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Go"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Go.]</ety>

<def>One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker</def>; as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A foot</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chapman</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A horse, considered in

reference to his gait; <as>as, a good <ex>goer</ex>; a safe

<ex>goer</ex></as></def>.</def>



<q>This antechamber has been filled with comers and

<qex>goers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Go"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

witchcraft, from <?/ to bewitch, <?/ sorcerer: cf. F.

<ets>go\'82tie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Invocation of evil spirits;

witchcraft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hallywell.</au>



<hw>Goff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>goffe</ets> ill-made, awkward, It. <ets>goffo</ets>, Sp.

<ets>gofo</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>goff</ets> a blockhead, Gr. <?/

stupid.]</ety> <def>A silly clown.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Goff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A game. See

<er>Golf</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Gof"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Goffered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Goffering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Gauffer</er>.]</ety> <def>To plait, flute, or crimp. See

<er>Gauffer</er>.</def>



<au>Clarke.</au>



<hw>Gog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>agog</ets>, F. <ets>gogue</ets> sprightliness, also W.

<ets>gogi</ets> to agitate, shake.]</ety> <def>Haste; ardent

desire to go.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Gog"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Goggled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Goggling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>gog</ets> a

nod, slight motion.]</ety> <def>To roll the eyes; to stare.</def>



<q>And wink and <qex>goggle</qex> like an owl.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>Gog"gle</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full and rolling, or

staring; -- said of the eyes.</def>



<q>The long, sallow vissage, the <qex>goggle</qex> eyes.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Gog"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Goggle</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A strained or affected rolling of the eye.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of

spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of

which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold,

dust, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Colored glasses for relief

from intense light.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A disk with a small

aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or

without a slit for seeing through.</def>



<hw>Gog"gled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Prominent;

staring, as the eye.</def>



<hw>Gog"gle-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of two or more

species of American fresh-water fishes of the family

<spn>Centrarchid\'91</spn>, esp. <spn>Ch\'91nobryttus

antistius</spn>, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and

<spn>Ambloplites rupestris</spn>, of the Great Lakes and

Mississippi Valley; -- so called from their prominent eyes.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The goggler.</def>



<hw>Gog"gle-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

prominent and distorted or rolling eyes.</def>



<au>Ascham.</au>



<hw>Gog"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carangoid oceanic fish

(<spn>Trachurops crumenophthalmus</spn>), having very large and

prominent eyes; -- called also <altname>goggle-eye</altname>,

<altname>big-eyed scad</altname>, and

<altname>cicharra</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gog"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>gorgoleta</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Gurglet</er>.</def>



<hw>Go"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of moving in any manner; traveling; <as>as, the

<ex>going</ex> is bad</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Departure.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing.</def>



<au>Crew.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Course of life; behavior;

doings; ways.</def>



<q>His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his

<qex>goings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Job xxxiv. 21.</qau>



<cs><col>Going barrel</col>. <fld>(Horology)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its

periphery to drive the train.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A device for

maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is

being wound up.</cd> -- <col>Going forth</col>.

<fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Outlet; way of exit.

\'bdEvery <xex>going forth<xex> of the sanctuary.\'b8 <au>Ezek.

xliv. 5.</au></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A limit; a border. \'bdThe

<xex>going forth<xex> thereof shall be from the south to

Kadesh-barnea.\'b8 <au>Num. xxxiv. 4</au>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Going out</col>, <or/ <col>Goings out</col></mcol>.

<fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The utmost extremity or

limit.</cd> \'bdThe border shall go down to Jordan, and the

<xex>goings out<xex> of it shall be at the salt sea.\'b8 <au>Num.

xxxiv. 12</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Departure or journeying. \'bdAnd

Moses wrote their <xex>goings out<xex> according to their

journeys.\'b8 <au>Num. xxxiii. 2</au>.</cd> -- <col>Goings

on</col>, <cd>behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad

sense.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Goi"ter</hw> <hw>Goi"tre</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>go\'8ctre</ets>, L. <ets>guttur</ets>

throat, cf. tumidum <ets>guttur</ets> goiter,

<ets>gutturosus</ets> goitered. See <er>Guttural</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on

the anterior part of the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently

associated with cretinism, and is most common in mountainous

regions, especially in certain parts of Switzerland.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Goi"tered</hw>, <hw>Goi"tred</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected with goiter.</def>



<hw>Goi"trous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>go\'8ctreux</ets>, L. <ets>gutturosus</ets>. See

<er>Goiter</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the goiter; affected

with the goiter; of the nature of goiter or bronchocele.</def>



<q>Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants

in general are either <qex>goitrous</qex> or idiots.</q>

<qau>W. Coxe.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Golde</hw>,

<hw>Goolde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An old English name of some yellow flower,

-- the marigold (<spn>Calendula</spn>), according to Dr. Prior,

but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.</def>



<hw>Gold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gold</ets>; akin to D. <ets>goud</ets>, OS. & G.

<ets>gold</ets>, Icel. <ets>gull</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>guld</ets>, Goth. <ets>gulp</ets>, Russ. & OSlav.

<ets>zlato</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>yellow</ets>. <?/. See

<er>Yellow</er>, and cf. <er>Gild</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic element,

constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial

medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one

of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is

soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by

heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well

suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au

(<xex>Aurum</xex>). Atomic weight 196.7.</def>



<note><hand/ Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent

of silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver

increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity

lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in the sands of many

rivers, but in very small quantity. It usually occurs in quartz

veins (gold quartz), in slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand

and alluvial soil, resulting from the disintegration of such

rocks. It also occurs associated with other metallic substances,

as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the

minerals <xex>petzite</xex>, <xex>calaverite</xex>,

<xex>sylvanite</xex>, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary

use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the

latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See

<er>Carat</er>.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment

<xex>purple of Cassius</xex>, and in the chloride, which is used

as a toning agent in photography.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Money; riches; wealth.</def>



<q>For me, the <qex>gold</qex> of France did not seduce.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A yellow color, like that of the metal; <as>as,

a flower tipped with <ex>gold</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Figuratively, something precious or pure;

<as>as, hearts of <ex>gold</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Age of gold</col>. <cd>See <cref>Golden age</cref>,

under <er>Golden</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dutch gold</col>,

<col>Fool's gold</col>, <col>Gold dust</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See

under <er>Dutch</er>, <er>Dust</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gold

amalgam</col>, <cd>a mineral, found in Columbia and California,

composed of gold and mercury.</cd> -- <col>Gold beater</col>,

<cd>one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf.</cd> --

<col>Gold beater's skin</col>, <cd>the prepared outside membrane

of the large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves

of metal during the process of gold-beating.</cd> -- <col>Gold

beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small gold-colored

beetle of the family <spn>Chrysomelid\'91</spn>; -- called also

<altname>golden beetle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gold

blocking</col>, <cd>printing with gold leaf, as upon a book

cover, by means of an engraved block. <au>Knight</au>.</cd> --

<col>Gold cloth</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cloth of gold</cref>, under

<er>Cloth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gold Coast</col>, <cd>a part of the

coast of Guinea, in West Africa.</cd> -- <col>Gold cradle</col>.

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cradle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

7.</cd> -- <col>Gold diggings</col>, <cd>the places, or region,

where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it

is separated by washing.</cd> -- <col>Gold end</col>, <cd>a

fragment of broken gold or jewelry.</cd> -- <col>Gold-end

man</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A buyer of old gold or jewelry.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A goldsmith's apprentice.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>An itinerant jeweler. \'bdI know him not: he looks like a

<xex>gold-end man<xex>.\'b8  <au>B. Jonson</au>.</cd> --

<col>Gold fever</col>, <cd>a popular mania for gold hunting.</cd>

-- <col>Gold field</col>, <cd>a region in which are deposits of

gold.</cd> -- <col>Gold finder</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One who

finds gold.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One who empties privies.

<mark>[Obs. & Low]</mark> <au>Swift</au>.</cd> -- <col>Gold

flower</col>, <cd>a composite plant with dry and persistent

yellow radiating involucral scales, the <spn>Helichrysum

St\'d2chas</spn> of Southern Europe. There are many South African

species of the same genus.</cd> -- <col>Gold foil</col>, <cd>thin

sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others. See <er>Gold

leaf</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gold</col> <col>knobs <or/

knoppes</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>buttercups.</cd> --

<col>Gold lace</col>, <cd>a kind of lace, made of gold

thread.</cd> -- <col>Gold latten</col>, <cd>a thin plate of gold

or gilded metal.</cd> -- <col>Gold leaf</col>, <cd>gold beaten

into a film of extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is

much thinner than gold foil.</cd> -- <col>Gold lode</col>

<fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a gold vein.</cd> -- <col>Gold

mine</col>, <cd>a place where gold is obtained by mining

operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted

by washing. Cf. <xex>Gold diggings<xex> (above).</cd> --

<col>Gold nugget</col>, <cd>a lump of gold as found in gold

mining or digging; -- called also a

<altname>pepito</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gold paint</col>. <cd>See

<cref>Gold shell</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gold <or/

Golden</col>, <col>pheasant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Pheasant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gold plate</col>, <cd>a

general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of

gold.</cd><-- now usu. referring to objects made of a base metal

with a layer of gold on the surface. --> -- <col>Gold of

pleasure</col>. <ety>[Name perhaps translated from Sp.

<ets>oro-de-alegria<ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A plant of

the genus <spn>Camelina</spn>, bearing yellow flowers. <spn>C.

sativa</spn> is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its

seeds.</cd> -- <col>Gold shell</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum

water and spread on shells, for artists' use; -- called also

<altname>gold paint</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A bivalve shell (<spn>Anomia

glabra</spn>) of the Atlantic coast; -- called also

<altname>jingle shell</altname> and <altname>silver

shell</altname>. See <er>Anomia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gold

size</col>, <cd>a composition used in applying gold leaf.</cd> --

<col>Gold solder</col>, <cd>a kind of solder, often containing

twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper.</cd> --

<col>Gold stick</col>, <cd>the colonel of a regiment of English

lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so

called from the gilt rod presented to him by the sovereign when

he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment.</cd>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Gold thread</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk,

with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold.</cd> <au>Ure</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A small evergreen plant

(<spn>Coptis trifolia</spn>), so called from its fibrous yellow

roots. It is common in marshy places in the United States.</cd>

-- <col>Gold tissue</col>, <cd>a tissue fabric interwoven with

gold thread.</cd> -- <col>Gold tooling</col>, <cd>the fixing of

gold leaf by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental

impression so made.</cd> -- <col>Gold washings</col>, <cd>places

where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by

washing.</cd> -- <col>Gold worm</col>, <cd>a glowworm.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Jeweler's gold</col>, <cd>an alloy

containing three parts of gold to one of copper.</cd><-- 18K gold

--> -- <col>Mosaic gold</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Mosaic</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 637 -->



<hw>Gold"-beat`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Gilded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gold"-beat`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art

or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves, by beating

with a hammer.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Gold"-bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Encompassed with gold.</def>



<hw>Gold"crest`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European golden-crested kinglet

(<spn>Regulus cristatus</spn>, or <spn>R. regulus</spn>); --

called also <altname>golden-crested wren</altname>, and

<altname>golden wren</altname>. The name is also sometimes

applied to the American golden-crested kinglet. See

<er>Kinglet</er>.</def>



<hw>Gold"cup`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The cuckoobud.</def>



<hw>Gold"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>golden</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>gulden</ets>, AS.

<ets>gylden</ets>, from <ets>gold</ets>. See <er>Gold</er>, and

cf. <er>Guilder</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Made of gold; consisting of gold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the color of gold; <as>as, the

<ex>golden</ex> grain</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Very precious; highly valuable; excellent;

eminently auspicious; <as>as, <ex>golden</ex>

opinions</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Golden age</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The fabulous age of

primeval simplicity and purity of manners in rural employments,

followed by the <xex>silver<xex>, <xex>bronze<xex>, and <xex>iron

ages<xex>. <au>Dryden</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Roman

Literature)</fld> <cd>The best part (<sc>B. C.</sc> 81 -- <sc>A.

D.</sc> 14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when

Cicero, C\'91sar, Virgil, etc., wrote</cd>. Hence: <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>That period in the history of a literature, etc., when it

flourishes in its greatest purity or attains its greatest glory;

as, the Elizabethan age has been considered the <xex>golden

age<xex> of English literature.</cd> -- <col>Golden balls</col>,

<cd>three gilt balls used as a sign of a pawnbroker's office or

shop; -- originally taken from the coat of arms of Lombardy, the

first money lenders in London having been Lombards.</cd> --

<col>Golden bull</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bull</er>, an

edict.</cd> -- <col>Golden chain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

shrub <spn>Cytisus Laburnum</spn>, so named from its long

clusters of yellow blossoms.</cd> -- <col>Golden club</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aquatic plant (<spn>Orontium

aquaticum</spn>), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow

flowers.</cd> -- <col>Golden cup</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

buttercup.</cd> -- <col>Golden eagle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a large and powerful eagle (<spn>Aquila Chrysa\'89tos</spn>)

inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. It is so called from

the brownish yellow tips of the feathers on the head and neck. A

dark variety is called the <xex>royal eagle<xex>; the young in

the second year is the <xex>ring-tailed eagle<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Golden fleece</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mythol.)</fld>

<cd>The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken from the ram

that bore Phryxus through the air to Colchis, and in quest of

which Jason undertook the Argonautic expedition.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <cd>An order of knighthood

instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; --

called also <altname>Toison d'Or</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Golden

grease</col>, <cd>a bribe; a fee.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> --

Golden hair</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a South African shrubby

composite plant with golden yellow flowers, the <spn>Chrysocoma

Coma-aurea</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Golden Horde</col>

<fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran

and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th century.</cd> --

<col>Golden Legend</col>, <cd>a hagiology (the \'bd<xex>Aurea

Legenda<xex>\'b8) written by James de Voragine, Archbishop of

Genoa, in the 13th century, translated and printed by Caxton in

1483, and partially paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus

entitled.</cd> -- <col>Golden marcasite</col> <cd>tin.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Golden mean</col>, <cd>the way of

wisdom and safety between extremes; sufficiency without excess;

moderation.</cd>



<q>Angels guard him in the <qex>golden mean</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



-- <col>Golden mole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>one of

several South African Insectivora of the family

<spn>Chrysochlorid\'91</spn>, resembling moles in form and

habits. The fur is tinted with green, purple, and gold.</cd> --

<col>Golden number</col> <fld>(Chronol.)</fld>, <cd>a number

showing the year of the lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned

from 1 to 19, and is so called from having formerly been written

in the calendar in gold.</cd> -- <col>Golden oriole</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Oriole</er>.</cd> --

<col>Golden pheasant</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pheasant</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Golden pippin</col>, <cd>a kind of apple, of a bright

yellow color.</cd> -- <col>Golden plover</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of plovers, of

the genus <spn>Charadrius</spn>, esp. the European (<spn>C.

apricarius</spn>, or <spn>pluvialis</spn>; -- called also

<altname>yellow, black-breasted hill, <and/ whistling,

plover</altname>. The common American species (<spn>C.

dominicus</spn>) is also called <altname>frostbird</altname>, and

<altname>bullhead</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Golden robin</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Baltimore oriole</er>, in

Vocab.</cd> -- <col>Golden rose</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>,

<cd>a gold or gilded rose blessed by the pope on the fourth

Sunday in Lent, and sent to some church or person in recognition

of special services rendered to the Holy See.</cd> -- <col>Golden

rule</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The rule of doing as we would have

others do to us. Cf. <au>Luke vi. 31.</au></cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>The rule of proportion, or rule of three.</cd> -- <col>Golden

samphire</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a composite plant

(<spn>Inula crithmoides</spn>), found on the seashore of

Europe.</cd> -- <col>Golden saxifrage</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a low herb with yellow flowers (<spn>Chrysosplenium

oppositifolium</spn>), blossoming in wet places in early

spring.</cd> -- <col>Golden seal</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

perennial ranunculaceous herb (<spn>Hydrastis Canadensis</spn>),

with a thick knotted rootstock and large rounded leaves.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Golden sulphide</col>, <or/

<mcol><col>sulphuret</col></mcol>, <col>of antimony</col></mcol>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden

or orange yellow powder.</cd> -- <col>Golden warbler</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common American wood warbler

(<spn>Dendroica \'91stiva</spn>); -- called also

<altname>blue-eyed yellow warbler</altname>, <altname>garden

warbler</altname>, and <altname>summer yellow

bird</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Golden wasp</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright-colored hymenopterous insect,

of the family <spn>Chrysidid\'91</spn>. The colors are golden,

blue, and green.</cd> -- <col>Golden wedding</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Wedding</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gold"en-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A duck (<spn>Glaucionetta

clangula</spn>), found in Northern Europe, Asia, and America. The

American variety (var. <spn>Americana</spn>) is larger. Called

<altname>whistler</altname>, <altname>garrot</altname>,

<altname>gowdy</altname>, <altname>pied widgeon</altname>,

<altname>whiteside</altname>, <altname>curre</altname>, and

<altname>doucker</altname>. Barrow's golden-eye of America

(<spn>G. Islandica</spn>) is less common.</def>



<hw>God"en *ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In golden terms or a

golden manner; splendidly; delightfully.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gold"en-rod`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall herb (<spn>Solidago

Virga-aurea</spn>), bearing yellow flowers in a graceful

elongated cluster. The name is common to all the species of the

genus <spn>Solidago</spn>.</def>



<cs><col>Golden-rod tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrub

(<spn>Bosea Yervamora</spn>), a native of the Canary

Isles.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gold"finch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>goldfinc</ets>. See <er>Gold</er>, and

<er>Finch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

beautiful bright-colored European finch (<spn>Carduelis

elegans</spn>). The name refers to the large patch of yellow on

the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright red; the

nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; -- called also

<altname>goldspink</altname>, <altname>goldie</altname>,

<altname>fool's coat</altname>, <altname>drawbird</altname>,

<altname>draw-water</altname>, <altname>thistle finch</altname>,

and <altname>sweet William</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

yellow-hammer.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small American finch

(<spn>Spinus tristis</spn>); the thistle bird.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is also applied to other yellow finches,

esp. to several additional American species of

<spn>Spinus</spn>.</note>



<hw>Gold"fin`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of two or more species of European

labroid fishes (<spn>Crenilabrus melops</spn>, and

<spn>Ctenolabrus rupestris</spn>); -- called also

<altname>goldsinny</altname>, and

<altname>goldney</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gold"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small domesticated

cyprinoid fish (<spn>Carassius auratus</spn>); -- so named from

its color. It is native of China, and is said to have been

introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament,

in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called

also <altname>golden fish</altname>, and <altname>golden

carp</altname>. See <cref>Telescope fish</cref>, under

<er>Telescope</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A California marine

fish of an orange or red color; the garibaldi.</def>



<hw>Gold"-ham`mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

yellow-hammer.</def>



<hw>Gold"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gold</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

European goldfinch.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

yellow-hammer.</def>



<hw>Gold"i*locks`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Goldylocks</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gold"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gold"ing</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ety>[From

the golden color of the blossoms.]</ety> <def>A conspicuous

yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold (<spn>Chrysanthemum

segetum</spn>).</def> <altsp>[This word is variously corrupted

into <asp>gouland</asp>, <asp>gools</asp>, <asp>gowan</asp>,

etc.]</altsp>



<hw>Gold"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

gold.</def>



<hw>Gold"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gilthead</er>.</def>



<hw>Gold"seed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Dog's-tail grass.</def>



<hw>Gold"sin`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Goldfinny</er>.</def>



<hw>Gold"smith`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

goldsmi<?/. See <er>Gold</er>., and <er>Smith</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An artisan who manufactures vessels and

ornaments, etc., of gold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A banker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on

deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely.</note>



<cs><col>Goldsmith beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

large, bright yellow, American beetle (<spn>Cotalpa

lanigera</spn>), of the family

<spn>Scarab\'91id\'91</spn></cd></cs>



<hw>Gold"tit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Verdin</er>.</def>



<hw>Gold"y*locks`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of several species of the genus

<spn>Chrysocoma</spn>; -- so called from the tufts of yellow

flowers which terminate the stems; also, the <spn>Ranunculus

auricomus</spn>, a kind of buttercup.</def>



<hw>Go"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

gullet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Go"let</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

California trout. See <er>Malma</er>.</def>



<hw>Golf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>kolf</ets> club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an

inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. <ets>kolben</ets>

club, but end, Icel. <ets>k<?/lfr</ets> tongue of a bell. bolt,

Sw. <ets>kolf</ets> bolt, dart, but end, Dan. <ets>kolv</ets>

bolt, arrow. Cf. <er>Club</er>, <er>Globe</er>.]</ety> <def>A

game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the

lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small

holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the

fewest strokes is the winner.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Strutt.</au>



<hw>Golf"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who plays

golf.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gol"go*tha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Calvary. See

the Note under <er>Calvary</er>.</def>



<hw>Gol"iard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From OF.

<ets>goliart</ets> glutton, buffoon, riotous student, Goliard,

LL. <ets>goliardus</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>gula</ets> throat.

Cf. <er>Gules</er>.]</ety> <def>A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who

attended rich men's tables to make sport for the guests by ribald

stories and songs.</def>



<hw>Gol"iard*er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards.</def>



<au>Milman.</au>



<hw>Go*li"ath bee"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From

<ets>Goliath</ets>, the Philistine giant.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Goliathus</spn>, a

genus of very large and handsome African beetles.</def>



<hw>Goll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A hand, paw, or claw.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Go*loe"-shoe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

galoche.</def>



<hw>Go*lore"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Galore</er>.</def>



<hw>Go*loshe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Galoche</er>.</def>



<hw>Golt"schut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A small ingot of gold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.</def>



<hw>Gol"yard*eys</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A buffoon.

See <er>Gollard</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Go"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr.

<ets>good man</ets>; but cf. also AS. <ets>gumman</ets> a man,

OHG. <ets>gomman</ets> man, husband.]</ety> <def>A husband; a

master of a family.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Go"mar*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Go"mar*ite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.-Hist.)</fld>

<def>One of the followers of Francis <xex>Gomar</xex> or

<xex>Gomarus</xex>, a Dutch disciple of Calvin in the 17th

century, who strongly opposed the Arminians.</def>



<hw>Gom"bo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gumbo</er>.</def>



<hw>Gome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>guma</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>guma</ets>, L.

<ets>homo</ets>. See <er>Bridegroom</er>.]</ety> <def>A

man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>P. Plowman.</au>



<hw>Gome</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>gormr</ets>

ooze, mud.]</ety> <def>The black grease on the axle of a cart or

wagon wheel; -- called also <altname>gorm</altname>. See

<er>Gorm</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Go"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Hebrew

measure. See <er>Homer</er>.</def>



<hw>Go"mer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A conical

chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy ordnance, especially

in mortars; -- named after the inventor.</def>



<hw>Gom"me*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gommeline</ets>, from <ets>gomme</ets> gum.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dextrin</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gom*phi"a*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ toothache or gnashing of teeth, fr. <?/ a grinder

tooth, from <?/ a bolt.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease

of the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall out of their

sockets.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gom*pho"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, prop., a bolting together, fr. <?/ to fasten with

bolts or nails, <?/ bolt, nail: cf. F.

<ets>gomphose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of

union or immovable articulation where a hard part is received

into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.</def>



<hw>Go*mu"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malayan

<ets>gumuti</ets>.]</ety> <def>A black, fibrous substance

resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds

of palms, <spn>Metroxylon Sagu</spn>, and <spn>Arenga

saccharifera</spn>, of the Indian islands. It is used for making

cordage. Called also <altname>ejoo</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Go</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gon"ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gonads</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ that which

generates.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the masses of

generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving

rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ

gland.</def>



<au>Wiedersheim.</au>



<hw>Go"na*kie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>An African timber tree (<spn>Acacia Adansonii</spn>).</def>



<hw>\'d8Go`nan*gi"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

L. <plw>Gonangia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Gonangiums</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/

vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Gonotheca</er>.</def>



<hw>Gon"do*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., dim. of

<ets>gonda</ets> a gondola; cf. LL. <ets>gandeia</ets> a kind of

boat, Gr. <?/ a drinking vessel; said to be a Persian word; cf.

F. <ets>gondole</ets> gondola, cup.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern,

used in the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by

one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by poling. A

gondola for passengers has a small open cabin amidships, for

their protection against the sun or rain. A sumptuary law of

Venice required that gondolas should be painted black, and they

are customarily so painted now.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flat-bottomed boat for freight.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A long platform car, either having no sides or

with very low sides, used on railroads.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Gon"do*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>gondoletta</ets>, dim. of <ets>gondola</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

small gondola.</def>



<au>T. Moore.</au>



<hw>Gon`do*lier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>gondoliere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gondolier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

man who rows a gondola.</def>



<hw>Gone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Go</er>.</def>



<hw>Gone"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of exhaustion;

faintness, especially as resulting from hunger.</def>

<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gon"fa*lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gon"fa*non</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gonfanoun</ets>, OF. <ets>gonfanon</ets>, F.

<ets>gonfalon</ets>, the same word as F. <ets>confalon</ets>,

name of a religious brotherhood, fr. OHG. <ets>gundfano</ets> war

flag; <ets>gund</ets> war (used in comp., and akin to AS.

<ets>g\'d4\'eb</ets>) + <ets>fano</ets> cloth, flag; akin to E.

<ets>vane</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>g\'d4\'ebfana</ets>. See

<er>Vane</er>, and cf. <er>Confalon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states,

such as the medi\'91val republics of Italy, and in more recent

times by the pope.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A name popularly given to any flag which hangs

from a crosspiece or frame instead of from the staff or the mast

itself.</def>



<q>Standards and <qex>gonfalons</qex>, 'twixt van and rear,

Stream in the air.

<qau>Milton</qsu>.



<-- p. 638 -->



<hw>Gon`fa*lon*ier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gonfalonier</ets>: cf. It. <ets>gonfaloniere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer</def>; as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An officer at Rome who bears the standard of

the Church</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chief magistrate of any

one of several republics in medi\'91veal Italy</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A Turkish general, and standard keeper.</def>



<hw>Gong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gong</ets>, <ets>gang</ets>, a going, passage, drain. See

<er>Gang</er>.]</ety> <def>A privy or jakes.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Gong farmer</col>, <col>Gong man</col></mcol>,

<cd>a cleaner of privies. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Gong</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <ety>[Malayan (Jav.)

<ets>g<omac/ng</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument, first used in

the East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk

with upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and

resounding noise.</def>



<q>O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar <qex>gong</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A flat saucerlike bell, rung

by striking it with a small hammer which is connected with it by

various mechanical devices; a stationary bell, used to sound

calls or alarms; -- called also <altname>gong

bell</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Gong metal</col>, <cd>an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22

of tin), from which Oriental gongs are made.</cd></cs>



<hw>Go"ni*a*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

angle.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of an extinct genus

of fossil cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest

forms are found in the Devonian formation, the latest, in the

Triassic.</def>



<hw>Go*nid"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing,

gonidia.</def>



<hw>Go*nid"i*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of

or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; <as>as, a

<ex>gonidial</ex> groove of an actinian</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Go*nid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ angle.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A

special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of

many Anthozoa.</def>



<hw>\'d8Go*nid"i*um</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gonidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

that which generates.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A component

cell of the yellowish green layer in certain lichens.</def>



<hw>\'d8Go*nim"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ productive, fr. <?/ that which

generates.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bluish green granules

which occur in certain lichens, as <spn>Collema</spn>,

<spn>Peltigera</spn>, etc., and which replace the more usual

gonidia.</def>



<hw>Gon"i*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that

part of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing

cells.</def>



<hw>Go`ni*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

angle + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>goniom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring

angles, especially the angles of crystals, or the inclination of

planes.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Contact, <or/ Hand</col>,

<col>goniometer</col></mcol>, <cd>a goniometer having two movable

arms (<it>ab<it>, <it>cd<it>), between which (at <it>ab<it>) the

faces of the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed

point, which is the center of the graduated circle or semicircle

upon which the angle is read off.</cd> -- <col>Reflecting

goniometer</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the angles of

crystals by determining through what angular space the crystal

must be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces

successively shall have the same direction; -- called also

<altname>Wollaston's goniometer</altname>, from the

inventor.</cd></cs>



<mhw><hw>Go`ni*o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Go`ni*o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer;

trigonometric.</def>



<hw>Go`ni*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>goniom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The art

of measuring angles; trigonometry.</def>



<hw>Gon`o*blas"tid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gonoblastidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Gonoblastidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/ to bud.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A blastostyle.</def>



<hw>Gon`o*ca"lyx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

offspring + E. <ets>calyx</ets>,]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The bell of a sessile gonozooid.</def>



<hw>Gon`o*cho"rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

offspring + <?/ to separate.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Separation

of the sexes in different individuals; -- opposed to

<xex>hermaphroditism</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In ontogony,

differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos

having the same rudimentary sexual organs.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species

previously hermaphrodite or sexless.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gon`o*coc"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ semen, the genitals + NL. & E.

<ets>coccus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vegetable

micro\'94rganism of the genus <spn>Micrococcus</spn>, occurring

in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed by some to

constitute the cause of this disease.</def><-- now Neisseria

gonnorrhoeae -->



<hw>Gon"oph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr. Heb.

<ets>gann\'bebh</ets> thief.]</ety> <def>A pickpocket or

thief.</def> <mark>[Eng. Slang]</mark><-- also ganef, gonif,

goniff -->



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Gon"o*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

offspring, seed + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid

bud upon a hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa,

sometimes remaining attached. See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and

<xex>Illusts</xex>. of <er>Athecata</er>, <er>Campanularian</er>,

and <er>Gonosome</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lengthened receptacle,

bearing the stamens and carpels in a conspicuous manner.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gon`or*rhe"a</hw>, <hw>Gon`or*rh\'d2"a</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>gonorrhoea</ets>, Gr.

<?/; <?/ that which begets, semen, the genitals + <?/ to flow:

cf. F. <ets>gonorrh\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract,

affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by

a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee;

clap.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gon`or*rhe"al</hw>, <hw>Gon`or*rh\'d2"al</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to gonorrhea; <as>as, <ex>gonorrheal</ex>

rheumatism</as>.</def>



<hw>Gon"o*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

offspring + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony,

collectively.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gon`o*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gonothec<?/</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

offspring + <?/ box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A capsule

developed on certain hydroids (<spn>Thecaphora</spn>), inclosing

the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or gonophores are

developed; -- called also <altname>gonangium</altname>, and

<altname>teleophore</altname>. See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Campanularian</er>.</def>



<hw>Gon`o*zo"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

offspring + E. <ets>zooid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore.

See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Campanularian</er>.</def>



<hw>Go*nyd"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's

beak.</def>



<hw>\'d8Go"nys</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Genys</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The keel or

lower outline of a bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are

united.</def>



<hw>Goo"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A peanut.</def>

<mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Good</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Better</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Best</er> <pr>(?)</pr>. These words,

though used as the comparative and superlative of

<xex>good</xex>, are from a different root.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>G<omac/d</ets>, akin to D. <ets>goed</ets>, OS.

<ets>g<omac/d</ets>, OHG. <ets>guot</ets>, G. <ets>gut</ets>,

Icel. <ets>g<omac/<edh/r</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>god</ets>, Goth.

<ets>g<omac/ds</ets>; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together,

and akin to E. <ets>gather</ets>. <root/29 Cf.

<er>Gather</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to

answer the end designed; promoting success, welfare, or

happiness; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable;

commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive, or

troublesome, etc.</def>



<q>And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was

very <qex>good</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 31.</qau>



<q><qex>Good</qex> company, <qex>good</qex> wine, <qex>good</qex>

welcome.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous;

pious; religious; -- said of persons or actions.</def>



<q>In all things showing thyself a pattern of <qex>good</qex>

works.</q>

<qau>Tit. ii. 7.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious;

polite; propitious; friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by

<xex>to</xex> or <xex>toward</xex>, also formerly by

<xex>unto</xex>.</def>



<q>The men were very <qex>good</qex> unto us.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xxv. 15.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use;

to be relied upon; -- followed especially by

<xex>for</xex>.</def>



<q>All quality that is <qex>good</qex> for anything is founded

originally in merit.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; --

followed especially by <xex>at</xex>.</def>



<q>He . . . is a <qex>good</qex> workman; a very <qex>good</qex>

tailor.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Those are generally <qex>good</qex> at flattering who are

<qex>good</qex> for nothing else.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not

fallacious; valid; in a commercial sense, to be depended on for

the discharge of obligations incurred; having pecuniary ability;

of unimpaired credit.</def>



<q>My reasons are both <qex>good</qex> and weighty.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>My meaning in saying he is a <qex>good</qex> man is . . . that

he is sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases <xex>in

good earnest</xex>; <xex>in good sooth</xex>.</def>



<q>Love no man in <qex>good</qex> earnest.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Not small, insignificant, or of no account;

considerable; esp., in the phrases <xex>a good deal</xex>, <xex>a

good way</xex>, <xex>a good degree</xex>, <xex>a good share</xex>

or <xex>part</xex>, etc.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.</def>



<q><qex>Good</qex> measure, pressed down, and shaken together,

and running over.</q>

<qau>Luke vi. 38.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable;

unsullied; as in the phrases <xex>a good name</xex>, <xex>a good

report</xex>, <xex>good repute</xex>, etc.</def>



<q>A <qex>good</qex> name is better than precious ointment</q>.

<qau>Eccl. vii. 1.</qau>



<cs><col>As good as</col>. <cd>See under <er>As</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>For good</col>, <or/ <col>For good and

all</col></mcol>, <cd>completely and finally; fully; truly.</cd>



<q>The good woman never died after this, till she came to die

<qex>for good and all</qex>.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



-- <col>Good breeding</col>, <cd>polite or polished manners,

formed by education; a polite education.</cd>



<q>Distinguished by good humor and <qex>good breeding</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



-- <col>Good cheap</col>, <cd>literally, good bargain; reasonably

cheap.</cd>



-- <col>Good consideration</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A consideration of blood or of natural love and affection.

<au>Blackstone</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A valuable

consideration, or one which will sustain a contract.</cd> --

<col>Good fellow</col>, <cd>a person of companionable

qualities.</cd> <mark>[Familiar]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Good

folk</col>, <col>or Good people</col></mcol>, <cd>fairies;

brownies; pixies, etc. <mark>[Colloq. Eng. & Scot.]</mark></cd>

-- <col>Good for nothing</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Of no value;

useless; worthless.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Used substantively, an

idle, worthless person.</cd>



<q>My father always said I was born to be a <qex>good for

nothing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>



-- <col>Good Friday</col>, <cd>the Friday of Holy Week, kept in

some churches as a fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or

suffering; the anniversary of the crucifixion.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Good humor</col>, <or/ <col>Good-humor</col></mcol>,

<cd>a cheerful or pleasant temper or state of mind.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Good nature</col>, <or/ <col>Good-nature</col></mcol>,

<cd>habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition;

amiability; state of being in good humor.</cd>



<q>The <qex>good nature</qex> and generosity which belonged to

his character.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The young count's <qex>good nature</qex> and easy

persuadability were among his best characteristics.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



-- <col>Good people</col>. <cd>See <cref>Good folk</cref>

(above).</cd> -- <col>Good speed</col>, <cd>good luck; good

success; godspeed; -- an old form of wishing success. See

<er>Speed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Good turn</col>, <cd>an act of

kidness; a favor.</cd> -- <col>Good will</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>The custom of any trade or business; the

tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and others, to

resort to an established place of business; the advantage

accruing from tendency or inclination.</cd></cs>



<q>The <qex>good will</qex> of a trade is nothing more than the

probability that the old customers will resort to the old

place.</q>

<qau>Lord Eldon.</qau>



-- <col>In good time</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Promptly;

punctually; opportunely; not too soon nor too late.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>Correctly; in proper

time.</cd> -- <col>To hold good</col>, <cd>to remain true or

valid; to be operative; to remain in force or effect; as, his

promise <xex>holds good</xex>; the condition still <xex>holds

good</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To make good</col>, <cd>to fulfill; to

establish; to maintain; to supply (a defect or deficiency); to

indemmify; to prove or verify (an accusation); to prove to be

blameless; to clear; to vindicate.</cd>



<q>Each word <qex>made good</qex> and true.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Of no power <qex>to make</qex> his wishes <qex>good</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I . . . would by combat <qex>make</qex> her

<qex>good</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Convenient numbers <qex>to make good</qex> the city.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



-- <col>To think good</col>, <cd>to approve; to be pleased or

satisfied with; to consider expedient or proper.</cd>



<q>If ye <qex>think good</qex>, give me my price; and if not,

forbear.</q>

<qau>Zech. xi. 12.</qau></cs>



<note><hand/ <xex>Good</xex>, in the sense of <xex>wishing

well</xex>, is much used in greeting and leave-taking; as,

<xex>good</xex> day, <xex>good</xex> night, <xex>good</xex>

evening, <xex>good</xex> morning, etc.</note>



<hw>Good</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success, welfare,

or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind, benevolent,

etc.; -- opposed to <xex>evil</xex>.</def>



<q>There be many that say, Who will show us any <qex>good</qex>

?</q>

<qau>Ps. iv. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare;

prosperity; advantage; benefit; -- opposed to <xex>harm</xex>,

etc.</def>



<q>The <qex>good</qex> of the whole community can be promoted

only by advancing the <qex>good</qex> of each of the members

composing it.</q>

<qau>Jay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Wares; commodities; chattels;

-- formerly used in the singular in a collective sense. In law, a

comprehensive name for almost all personal property as

distinguished from land or real property.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<q>He hath made us spend much <qex>good</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Thy lands and <qex>goods</qex>

Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate

Unto the state of Venice.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Dress goods</col>, <col>Dry goods</col>,

etc.</mcol> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Goods

engine</col>, <cd>a freight locomotive.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

-- <col>Goods train</col>, <cd>a freight train.</cd>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Goods wagon</col>, <cd>a freight car

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> See the Note under <er>Car</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd></cs>



<hw>Good</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Well, -- especially in the

phrase <xex>as good</xex>, with a following <xex>as</xex>

expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as

little harm as possible.</def>



<q>As <qex>good</qex> almost kill a man as kill a good book.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>As good as</col>, <cd>in effect; virtually; the same

as.</cd></cs>



<q>They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do <qex>as good

as</qex> bid ye suppress yourselves.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Good</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make good; to

turn to good.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To manure; to improve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Good`-by"</hw>, <hw>Good`-bye"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. <or/ interj.</pos> <ety>[A contraction of

<ets>God be with ye</ets> (<ets>God be w<icr/ ye</ets>, <ets>God

bw' ye</ets>, <ets>God bwye</ets>).]</ety> <def>Farewell; a form

of address used at parting. See the last Note under <er>By</er>,

<pos>prep.</pos></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Good`-den"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupt. of <ets>good e'en</ets>, for <ets>good

evening</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of salutation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Good`-fel"low*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Agreeable companionship; companionableness.</def>



<hw>Good"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Gudgeon</er>, 5.</def>



<hw>Good`-hu"mored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-tempered. See

<er>Good-natured</er>.</def>



<hw>Good`-hu"mored*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a cheerful

spirit; in a cheerful or good-tempered manner.</def>



<hw>Good"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rather good

than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable.</def>



<q><qex>Goodish</qex> pictures in rich frames.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<hw>Good"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no goods.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Good"lich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Goodly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Good"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Goodly</er>.]</ety> <def>Beauty of form; grace; elegance;

comeliness.</def>



<q>Her <qex>goodliness</qex> was full of harmony to his eyes.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Good"-look`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Handsome.</def>



<hw>Good"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Excellently.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Good"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Goodlier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Goodliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>godlich</ets>,

AS. <ets>g<?/dlic</ets>. See <er>Good</er>, and

<er>Like</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.</def>



<q>We have many <qex>goodly</qex> days to see.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of pleasing appearance or character; comely;

graceful; <as>as, a <ex>goodly</ex> person; <ex>goodly</ex>

raiment, houses.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>goodliest</qex> man of men since born.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Large; considerable; portly; <as>as, a

<ex>goodly</ex> number</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Goodly</qex> and great he sails behind his link.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Good"ly*head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Good"ly*hood</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Goodness; grace;

goodliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Good"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Good</ets> + <ets>man</ets>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent

to \'bdMy friend\'b8, \'bdGood sir\'b8, \'bdMister;\'b8 --

sometimes used ironically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With you, <qex>goodman</qex> boy, an you please.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A husband; the master of a house or family; --

often used in speaking familiarly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Say ye to the <qex>goodman</qex> of the house, . . . Where is

the guest-chamber ?</q>

<qau>Mark xiv. 14.</qau>



<-- p. 639 -->



<note><hand/ In the early colonial records of New England, the

term <xex>goodman</xex> is frequently used as a title of

designation, sometimes in a respectful manner, to denote a person

whose first name was not known, or when it was not desired to use

that name; in this use it was nearly equivalent to <xex>Mr</xex>.

This use was doubtless brought with the first settlers from

England.</note>



<hw>Good`-na"tured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Good-natured</er>, <er>Good-tempered</er>,

<er>Good-humored</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Good-natured</xex>

denotes a disposition to please and be pleased.

<xex>Good-tempered</xex> denotes a habit of mind which is not

easily ruffied by provocations or other disturbing influences.

<xex>Good-humored</xex> is applied to a spirit full of ease and

cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and in

social intercourse. A <xex>good-natured</xex> man recommends

himself to all by the spirit which governs him. A

<xex>good-humored</xex> man recommends himself particularly as a

companion. A <xex>good-tempered</xex> man is rarely betrayed into

anything which can disturb the serenity of the social

circle.</usage>



<hw>Good`-na"tured*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With maldness of

temper.</def>



<hw>Good"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>g<?/dnes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being good in any

of its various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence;

<as>as, the <ex>goodness</ex> of timber, of a soil, of food;

<ex>goodness</ex> of character, of disposition, of conduct,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Good" now"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An exclamation of wonder,

surprise, or entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Goods</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Good</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<hw>Good"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Favor; grace.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Good`-tem"pered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a good temper; not easily vexed. See <er>Good-natured</er>.</def>



<hw>Good"wife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The mistress

of a house.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Robynson (More's Utopia).</au>



<hw>Good"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Goodies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the

<pluf>pl.</pluf></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American fish; the

lafayette or spot.</def>



<hw>Good"y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Goodies</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Prob. contr. from

<ets>goodwife</ets>.]</ety> <def>Goodwife; -- a low term of

civility or sport.</def>



<hw>Gode"-year</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Goujere</er>.]</ety> <def>The venereal disease; -- often used

as a mild oath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Good"y-good`y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mawkishly or weakly

good; exhibiting goodness with silliness.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Good"y*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

a goody or goodwife</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>



<au>Hudibraus.</au>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Goo*roo"</hw>, <hw>Gu*ru"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. <ets>gur<?/</ets> a spiritual parent or

teacher, Skr. <ets>guru</ets> heavy, noble, venerable, teacher.

Cf. <er>Grief</er>.]</ety> <def>A spiritual teacher, guide, or

confessor amoung the Hindoos.</def>



<au>Malcom.</au>



<hw>Goos"an`der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gossander</ets>, a tautological word formed fr. <ets>goose +

gander</ets>. Cf. <er>Merganser</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of merganser (<spn>M.

merganser</spn>) of Northern Europe and America; -- called also

<altname>merganser</altname>, <altname>dundiver</altname>,

<altname>sawbill</altname>, <altname>sawneb</altname>,

<altname>shelduck</altname>, and <altname>sheldrake</altname>.

See <er>Merganser</er>.</def>



<hw>Goose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Geese</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>gos</ets>,

AS. <ets>g<?/s</ets>, pl. <ets>g<?/s</ets>; akin to D. & G.

<ets>gans</ets>, Icel. <ets>g\'bes</ets>, Dan. <ets>gaas</ets>,

Sw. <ets>g<?/s</ets>, Russ. <ets>guse</ets>. OIr.

<ets>geiss</ets>, L. <ets>anser</ets>, for <ets>hanser</ets>, Gr.

<?/, Skr. <ets>hamsa</ets>. <root/233. Cf. <er>Gander</er>,

<er>Gannet</er>, <er>Ganza</er>, <er>Gosling</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily

<spn>Anserin\'91</spn>, and belonging to <spn>Anser</spn>,

<spn>Branta</spn>, <spn>Chen</spn>, and several allied genera.

See <er>Anseres</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The common domestic goose is believed to have been

derived from the European graylag goose (<spn>Anser anser</spn>).

The bean goose (<spn>A. segetum</spn>), the American wild or

Canada goose (<spn>Branta Canadensis</spn>), and the bernicle

goose (<spn>Branta leucopsis</spn>) are well known species. The

American white or snow geese and the blue goose belong to the

genus <spn>Chen</spn>. See <er>Bernicle</er>, <xex>Emperor

goose</xex>, under <er>Emperor</er>, <er>Snow goose</er>,

<er>Wild goose</er>, <er>Brant</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any large bird of other related families,

resembling the common goose.</def>



<note><hand/ The Egyptian or fox goose (<spn>Alopochen

\'92gyptiaca</spn>) and the African spur-winged geese

(<spn>Plectropterus</spn>) belong to the family

<spn>Plectropterid\'91</spn>. The Australian semipalmated goose

(<spn>Anseranas semipalmata</spn>) and Cape Barren goose

(<spn>Cereopsis Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>) are very different

from northern geese, and each is made the type of a distinct

family. Both are domesticated in Australia.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its

handle, which resembles the neck of a goose.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A silly creature; a simpleton.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A game played with counters on a board divided

into compartments, in some of which a goose was depicted.</def>



<q>The pictures placed for ornament and use,

The twelve good rules, the royal game of <qex>goose</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<cs><col>A wild goose chase</col>, <cd>an attempt to accomplish

something impossible or unlikely of attainment.</cd> -- <col>Fen

goose</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Goose

barnacle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any pedunculated

barnacle of the genus <spn>Anatifa</spn> or <spn>Lepas</spn>; --

called also <altname>duck barnacle</altname>. See

<er>Barnacle</er>, and <er>Cirripedia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Goose

cap</col>, <cd>a silly person.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Beau.

& </au>. -- <col>Goose corn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse

kind of rush (<spn>Juncus squarrosus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Goose

feast</col>, <cd>Michaelmas.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark> --

<col>Goose flesh</col>, <cd>a peculiar roughness of the skin

produced by cold or fear; -- called also <altname>goose

skin</altname>.</cd><-- and <altname>goose pimples</altname> and

<altname>goose bumps</altname> --> -- <col>Goose grass</col>.

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A plant of the genus

<spn>Galium</spn> (<spn>G. Aparine</spn>), a favorite food of

geese; -- called also <altname>catchweed</altname> and

<altname>cleavers</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A species of

knotgrass (<spn>Polygonum aviculare</spn>).</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>The annual spear grass (<spn>Poa annua</spn>).</cd> --

<col>Goose neck</col>, <cd>anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe,

curved like the neck of a goose; specially <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, an

iron hook connecting a spar with a mast.</cd> -- <col>Goose

quill</col>, <cd>a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen

made from it.</cd> -- <col>Goose skin</col>. <cd>See

<altname>Goose flesh</altname>, above.</cd> -- <col>Goose

tongue</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a composite plant

(<spn>Achillea ptarmica</spn>), growing wild in the British

islands.</cd> -- <col>Sea goose</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Phalarope</er>.</cd> -- <col>Solan goose</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gannet</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Goose"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl</plu>.

<plw>Gooseberries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <ety>[Corrupted for

<ets>groseberry</ets> or <ets>groiseberry</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>groisele</ets>, F. <ets>groseille</ets>, -- of German

origin; cf. G. <ets>krausbeere</ets>, <ets>kr\'84uselbeere</ets>

(fr. <ets>kraus</ets> crisp), D. <ets>kruisbes</ets>,

<ets>kruisbezie</ets> (as if <ets>crossberry</ets>, fr.

<ets>kruis</ets> cross; for <ets>kroesbes</ets>,

<ets>kroesbezie</ets>, fr. <ets>kroes</ets> crisp), Sw.

<ets>krusb\'84r</ets> (fr. <ets>krus</ets>, <ets>krusing</ets>,

crisp). The first part of the word is perh. akin to E.

<ets>curl</ets>. Cf. <er>Grossular</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any thorny shrub of the genus

<spn>Ribes</spn>; also, the edible berries of such shrub. There

are several species, of which <spn>Ribes Grossularia</spn> is the

one commonly cultivated.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A silly person; a goose cap.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<cs><col>Barbadoes gooseberry</col>, <cd>a climbing prickly shrub

(<spn>Pereskia aculeata</spn>) of the West Indies, which bears

edible berries resembling gooseberries.</cd> -- <col>Coromandel

gooseberry</col>. <cd>See <er>Carambola</er>.</cd> --

<col>Gooseberry fool</col>. <cd>See lst <er>Fool</er>.</cd> --

<col>Gooseberry worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva

of a small moth (<spn>Dakruma convolutella</spn>). It destroys

the gooseberry by eating the interior.</cd></cs>



<hw>Goose"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Z\'94ll.)</fld> <def>See <er>Angler</er>.</def>



<hw>Goose"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs (<spn>Chenopodium</spn>)

mostly annual weeds; pigweed.</def>



<hw>Goos"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gooseries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

place for keeping geese.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The characteristics or actions of a goose;

silliness.</def>



<q>The finical <qex>goosery</qex> of your neat sermon actor.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Goose"wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the clews or lower corners of a

course or a topsail when the middle part or the rest of the sail

is furled.</def>



<hw>Goose"winged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a

\'bdgoosewing.\'b8</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Said of a fore-and-aft

rigged vessel with foresail set on one side and mainsail on the

other; wing and wing.</def>



<hw>Goos"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a goose;

foolish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Goost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ghost;

spirit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Goot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A goat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Go"-out`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sluice in

embankments against the sea, for letting out the land waters,

when the tide is out.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gowt</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Go"pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gaufre</ets> waffle, honeycomb. See <er>Gauffer</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of several North

American burrowing rodents of the genera <spn>Geomys</spn> and

<spn>Thomomys</spn>, of the family <spn>Geomyid\'91</spn>; --

called also <altname>pocket gopher</altname> and <altname>pouched

rat</altname>. See <er>Pocket gopher</er>, and

<er>Tucan</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The name was originally given by French settlers to

many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of several western American species of the

genus <spn>Spermophilus</spn>, of the family

<spn>Sciurid\'91</spn>; as, the gray gopher (<spn>Spermophilus

Franklini</spn>) and the striped gopher (<spn>S.

tridecemlineatus</spn>); -- called also <altname>striped prairie

squirrel</altname>, <altname>leopard marmot</altname>, and

<altname>leopard spermophile</altname>. See

<er>Spermophile</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A large land tortoise (<spn>Testudo

Carilina</spn>) of the Southern United States, which makes

extensive burrows.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A large burrowing snake (<spn>Spilotes

Couperi</spn>) of the Southern United States.</def>



<cs><col>Gopher drift</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>an irregular

prospecting drift, following or seeking the ore without regard to

regular grade or section.  <xex>Raymond<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Go"pher wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Heb.

<ets>g<omac/pher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A species of wood used in the

construction of Noah's ark.</def>



<au>Gen. vi. 14.</au>



<hw>\'d8Go*rac"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A paste

prepared from tobacco, and smoked in hookahs in Western

India.</def>



<hw>Go"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An Indian goat antelope (<spn>Nemorhedus goral</spn>),

resembling the chamois.</def>



<hw>Go"ra*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gourami</er>.</def>



<hw>Gor"-bel`lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bog-bellied.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gor"-bel`ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Gore</ets> filth,

dirt + <ets>belly</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prominent belly; a

big-bellied person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gorce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gort</ets>, nom. <ets>gorz</ets>, gulf, L. <ets>gurges</ets>

whirlpool, gulf, stream. See <er>Gorge</er>.]</ety> <def>A pool

of water to keep fish in; a wear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<-- "wear" here is in the sense of "weir".  But why the

less-common word? -->



<hw>Gor"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from

<ets>gore</ets> blood.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The moor

cock, or red grouse. See <er>Grouse</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gor"crow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gor</ets> dung, dirt. See <er>Gore</er> blood, dirt.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The carrion crow; -- called also

<altname>gercrow</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gourd</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Perh. hollow, and so named in

allusion to a <ets>gourd</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument of

gaming; a sort of dice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gor`di*a"ce*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Gordian</er>, 1.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A division of nematoid worms, including the hairworms or

hair eels (<spn>Gordius</spn> and <spn>Mermis</spn>). See

<er>Gordius</er>, and <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Gor"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to <xex>Gordius</xex>, king of Phrygia, or to a

knot tied by him; hence, intricate; complicated;

inextricable.</def>



<cs><col>Gordian knot</col>, <cd>an intricate knot tied by

Gordius in the thong which connected the pole of the chariot with

the yoke. An oracle having declared that he who should untie it

should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted the ill

omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it with his sword.

Hence, a <xex>Gordian knot<xex> is an inextricable difficulty;

and to <xex>cut the Gordian knot<xex> is to remove a difficulty

by bold and energetic measures.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the

Gordiacea.</def>



<hw>Gor"di*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of the Gordiacea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gor"di*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Gordian</er>, 1.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

long, slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects until near

maturity, when they leave the insect, and live in water, in which

they deposit their eggs; -- called also <altname>hair

eel</altname>, <altname>hairworm</altname>, and <altname>hair

snake</altname>, from the absurd, but common and widely diffused,

notion that they are metamorphosed horsehairs.</def>



<hw>Gore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gor</ets> dirt, dung; akin to Icel. <ets>gor</ets>, SW.

<ets>gorr</ets>, OHG. <ets>gor</ets>, and perh. to E.

<ets>cord</ets>, <ets>chord</ets>, and <ets>yarn</ets>; cf. Icel.

<ets>g\'94rn</ets>, <ets>garnir</ets>, guts.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Dirt; mud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Fisher.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has

become thick or clotted.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Gore</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gore</ets>,

<ets>gare</ets>, AS. <ets>g<?/ra</ets> angular point of land, fr.

<ets>g<?/r</ets> spear; akin to D. <ets>geer</ets> gore, G.

<ets>gehre</ets> gore, <ets>ger</ets> spear, Icel.

<ets>geiri</ets> gore, <ets>geir</ets> spear, and prob. to E.

<ets>goad</ets>. Cf. <er>Gar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Garlic</er>, and <er>Gore</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth,

canvas, etc., sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater

width at a particular part.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small traingular piece of land.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the abatements. It is

made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse

point.</def>



<note><hand/ It is usually on the sinister side, and of the

tincture called <xex>tenn\'82</xex>. Like the other abatements it

is a modern fancy and not actually used.</note>



<hw>Gore</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Goring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gar</ets> spear, AS.

<ets>g<?/r</ets>. See 2d <er>Gore</er>.]</ety> <def>To pierce or

wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as

a spear; to stab.</def>



<q>The low stumps shall <qex>gore</qex>

His daintly feet.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Gore</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut in a traingular form;

to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; <as>as, to

<ex>gore</ex> an apron</as>.</def>



<hw>Gore"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2d

<ets>gore + bill</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

garfish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gor"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gorflies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Gore</ets>

(AS. <ets>gor</ets>) dung + <ets>fly</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dung fly.</def>



<hw>Gorge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gorge</ets>, LL. <ets>gorgia</ets>, throat, narrow pass, and

<ets>gorga</ets> abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. <ets>gurgea</ets>

whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf. Skr. <ets>gargara</ets> whirlpool,

<ets>g\'f0</ets> to devour. Cf. <er>Gorget</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food

passes to the stomach.</def>



<q>Wherewith he gripped her <qex>gorge</qex> with so great

pain.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Now, how abhorred! . . . my <qex>gorge</qex> rises at it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrow passage or entrance</def>; as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A defile between mountains</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; --

usually synonymous with <xex>rear</xex>. See <xex>Illust</xex>.

of <er>Bastion</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by

a hawk or other fowl.</def>



<q>And all the way, most like a brutish beast,<

e spewed up his <qex>gorge</qex>, that all did him detest.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A filling or choking of a passage or channel by

an obstruction; <as>as, an ice <ex>gorge</ex> in a

river</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A concave molding; a

cavetto.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The groove of a pulley.</def>



<cs><col>Gorge circle</col> <fld>(Gearing)</fld>, <cd>the outline

of the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of

revolution.</cd> -- <col>Gorge hook</col>, <cd>two fishhooks,

separated by a piece of lead.  <au>Knight</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gorge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gorged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gorging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>gorger</ets>. See <er>Gorge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To swallow; especially, to swallow with

greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities.</def>



<q>The fish has <qex>gorged</qex> the hook.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To glut; to fill up to the throat; to

satiate.</def>



<q>The giant <qex>gorged</qex> with flesh.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q><qex>Gorge</qex> with my blood thy barbarous appetite.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Gorge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To eat greedily and to

satiety.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Gorged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a gorge or throat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bearing a coronet or ring

about the neck.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Glutted; fed to the full.</def>



<hw>Gor"ge*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small gorget, as of a humming

bird.</def>



<hw>Gor"geous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gorgias</ets> beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF.

<ets>gorgias</ets> ruff, neck handkerchief, and F.

<ets>gorge</ets> throat, and <ets>se pengorger</ets> to assume

airs. Cf. <er>Gorge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Imposing

through splendid or various colors; showy; fine;

magnificent.</def>



<q>Cloud-land, <qex>gorgeous</qex> land.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<q><qex>Gogeous</qex> as the sun at midsummer.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Gor"geous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Gor"geous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Gor`ge*rin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>gorge</ets> neck.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In some

columns, that part of the capital between the termination of the

shaft and the annulet of the echinus, or the space between two

neck moldings; -- called also <altname>neck of the

capital</altname>, and <altname>hypotrachelium</altname>. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Column</er>.</def>



<hw>Gor"get</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gorgete</ets>, dim. of <ets>gorge</ets> throat. See

<er>Gorge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of

armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the throat

and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double

breastplate of the 14th century.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of plate armor covering the same parts

and worn over the buff coat in the 17th century, and without

other steel armor.</def>



<q>Unfix the <qex>gorget's</qex> iron clasp.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small ornamental plate, usually

crescent-shaped, and of gilded copper, formerly hung around the

neck of officers in full uniform in some modern armies.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A ruff worn by women.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cutting

instrument used in lithotomy.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A grooved

instrunent used in performing various operations; -- called also

<altname>blunt gorget</altname>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<-- p. 640 -->



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crescent-shaped, colored

patch on the neck of a bird or mammal.</def>



<cs><col>Gorget hummer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a humming

bird of the genus <spn>Trochilus</spn>. See

<er>Rubythroat</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gor"gon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Gorgo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/

terrible.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of

three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with snaky

hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the

beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to

Medusa.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything very ugly or horrid.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brindled gnu. See

<er>Gnu</er>.</def>



<hw>Gor"gon</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a Gorgon; very ugly or

terrific; <as>as, a <ex>Gorgon</ex> face</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gor`go*na"ce*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Gorgoniacea</er>.</def>



<hw>Gor*go"ne*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gorgonian</er>, 1.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gor`go*ne"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gorgoneia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<grk>Gorgo`neios</grk>, equiv. to <grk>Gorgei^os</grk> belonging

to a Gorgon.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A mask carved in

imitation of a Gorgon's head.</def>



<au>Elmes.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gor*go"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

coral which hardens in the air.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive,

but now restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan

(<spn>Gorgonia flabellum</spn>), sea plume (<spn>G.

setosa</spn>), and other allied species having a flexible, horny

axis.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any slender branched gorgonian.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Gorgonia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including

those forms which have a firm and usually branched axis, covered

with a porous crust, or c<?/nenchyma, in which the polyp cells

are situated.</def>



<note><hand/ The axis is commonly horny, but it may be solid and

stony (composed of calcium carbonate), as in the red coral of

commerce, or it may be in alternating horny and stony joints, as

in Isis. See <er>Alcyonaria</er>, <er>Anthozoa</er>,

<er>C<?/nenchyma</er>.</note>



<hw>Gor*go"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Gorgoneus</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon;

terrifying into stone; terrific.</def>



<q>The rest his look

Bound with <qex>Gorgonian</qex> rigor not to move.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the

Gorgoniacea; <as>as, <ex>gorgonian</ex> coral</as>.</def>



<hw>Gor*go"ni*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the Gorgoniacea.</def>



<hw>Gor"gon*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To have

the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn into stone; to

petrify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gor"hen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gor-</ets> as in <ets>gorcock</ets> +

<ets>hen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of

the gorcock.</def>



<hw>Go*ril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[An African

word; found in a Greek translation of a treatise in Punic by

Hanno, a Carthaginian.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large,

arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man,

and is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles,

which give it enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy,

more than that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles

that of man.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gor"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, or <hw>Gor"ing cloth`</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>, <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.</def>



<hw>Gorm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Axle grease. See

<er>Gome</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gorm</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To daub, as the hands or

clothing, with gorm; to daub with anything sticky.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gor"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The European cormorant.</def>



<hw>Gor"mand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gourmand</ets>; cf. Prov. F. <ets>gourmer</ets> to sip, to

lap, <ets>gourmacher</ets> to eat improperly, F.

<ets>gourme</ets> mumps, glanders, Icel. <ets>gormr</ets> mud,

mire, Prov. E. <ets>gorm</ets> to smear, daub; all perh. akin to

E. <ets>gore</ets> blood, filth. Cf. <er>Gourmand</er>.]</ety>

<def>A greedy or ravenous eater; a <er>luxurious feeder</er>;

<er>a gourmand</er>.</def>



<hw>Gor"mand</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gluttonous;

voracious.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Gor"mand*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gormand</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gor"mand*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Gluttony.</def>



<hw>Gor"mand*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gormandized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gormandizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gourmandise</ets>

gluttony. See <er>Gormand</er>.]</ety> <def>To eat greedily; to

swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a glutton.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gor"mand*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.</def>



<hw>Go*roon" shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell (<spn>Triton

femorale</spn>).</def>



<hw>Gorse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. & AS.

<ets>gorst</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>grow</ets>,

<ets>grass</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furze. See

<er>Furze</er>.</def>



<q>The common, overgrown with fern, and rough

With prickly <qex>gorse</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<cs><col>Gorse bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European

linnet; -- called also <altname>gorse hatcher</altname>.</cd>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Gorse chat</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the winchat.</cd> -- <col>Gorse

duck</col>, the corncrake; -- called also <altname>grass

drake</altname>, <altname>land drake</altname>, and <altname>corn

drake</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gor"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gore</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered with gore or clotted blood.</def>



<q>Thou canst not say I did it; never shake

Thy <qex>gory</qex> locks at me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bloody; murderous.</def> \'bd<xex>Gory</xex>

emulation.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gos"hawk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>g<?/shafuc</ets>, lit., goosehawk; or Icel.

<ets>g\'beshaukr</ets>. See <er>Goose</er>, and <er>Hawk</er> the

bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large hawk of the

genus <spn>Astur</spn>, of which many species and varieties are

known. The European (<spn>Astur palumbarius</spn>) and the

American (<spn>A. atricapillus</spn>) are the best known species.

They are noted for their powerful flight, activity, and courage.

The Australian goshawk (<spn>A. Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>) is

pure white.</def>



<hw>Gos"herd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gosherde</ets>. See <er>Goose</er>, and <er>Herd</er> a

herdsman.]</ety> <def>One who takes care of geese.</def>



<hw>Gos"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of pygmy geese,

of the genus <spn>Nettepus</spn>. They are about the size of a

teal, and inhabit Africa, India, and Australia.</def>



<hw>Gos"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>g<?/s</ets> goose + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A young or unfledged goose.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A catkin on nut trees and pines.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Gos"pel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gospel</ets>, <ets>godspel</ets>, AS. <ets>godspell</ets>;

<ets>god</ets> God + <ets>spell</ets> story, tale. See

<er>God</er>, and <er>Spell</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Glad tidings; especially, the good news

concerning Christ, the Kingdom of God, and salvation.</def>



<q>And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their

synagogues, and preaching the <qex>gospel</qex> of the

kingdom.</q>

<qau>Matt. iv. 23.</qau>



<q>The steadfast belief of the promises of the

<qex>gospel</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<note><hand/ It is probable that <xex>gospel</xex> is from. OE.

<xex>godspel</xex>, God story, the narrative concerning God; but

it was early confused with <xex>god spell</xex>, good story, good

tidings, and was so used by the translators of the Authorized

version of Scripture. This use has been retained in most cases in

the Revised Version.</note>



<q>Thus the literal sense [of <qex>gospel</qex>] is the

\'bdnarrative of God,\'b8 <it>i. e.</it>, the life of Christ.</q>

<qau>Skeat.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the four narratives of the life and death

of Jesus Christ, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A selection from one of the gospels, for use in

a religious service; <as>as, the <ex>gospel</ex> for the

day</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any

system of political doctrine or social philosophy; <as>as, this

political <ex>gospel</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly

true; <as>as, they took his words for <ex>gospel</ex></as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only

ask him to read <qex><OE/dipus</qex>, instead of taking the

traditional witticisms about Lee for <qex>gospel</qex>.</q>

<qau>Saintsbury.</qau>



<hw>Gos"pel</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Accordant with, or relating

to, the gospel; evangelical; <as>as, <ex>gospel</ex>

righteousness</as>.</def>



<au>Bp. Warburton.</au>



<hw>Gos"pel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To instruct in the

gospel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gos"pel*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>godspellere</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gospeller</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the four

evangelists.</def>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<q>Mark the <qex>gospeler</qex> was the ghostly son of Peter in

baptism.</q>

<qau>Wyclif.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A follower of Wyclif, the first English

religious reformer; hence, a Puritan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Latimer.</au>



<q>The persecution was carried on against the

<qex>gospelers</qex> with much fierceness by those of the Roman

persuasion.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the

altar during the communion service.</def>



<q>The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being

the dean, and the <qex>gospeler</qex> the Bishop of Sydney.</q>

<qau>Pall Mall Gazette.</qau>



<hw>Gos"pel*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gospelized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gospelizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also

<ets>gospellize</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To form according to the gospel; <as>as, a

command <ex>gospelized</ex> to us</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize;

<as>as, to <ex>gospelize</ex> the savages</as>.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Goss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gorse</er>.]</ety> <def>Gorse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gos"sa*mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gossomer</ets>, <ets>gossummer</ets>, <ets>gosesomer</ets>,

perh. for <ets>goose summer</ets>, from its downy appearance, or

perh. for <ets>God's summer</ets>, cf. G. <ets>mariengarr</ets>

gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the Virgin Mary.

Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the gossamer was the

remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from

her when she was taken up to heaven. For the use of

<ets>summer</ets> in the sense of film or threads, cf. G.

<ets>M\'84dchensommer</ets>, <ets>Altweibersommer</ets>,

<ets>fliegender Sommer</ets>, all meaning, gossamer.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating

in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is

seen in stubble fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed

by small spiders.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin

waterproof stuff.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An outer garment, made of waterproof

gossamer.</def>



<cs><col>Gossamer spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any

small or young spider which spins webs by which to sail in the

air. See <er>Ballooning spider</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gos"sa*mer*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like

gossamer; flimsy.</def>



<q>The greatest master of <qex>gossamery</qex> affectation.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Gos"san</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous (owing to

oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic

vein.</def>



<hw>Gos`san*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gossan</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing or producing gossan.</def>



<hw>Gos"sat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small British marine fish

(<spn>Motella tricirrata</spn>); -- called also

<altname>whistler</altname> and <altname>three-bearded

rockling</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gos"sib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gossip.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gos"sip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gossib</ets>, <ets>godsib</ets>, a relation or sponsor in

baptism, a relation by a religious obligation, AS.

<ets>godsibb</ets>, fr. <ets>god + sib</ets> alliance, relation;

akin to G. <ets>sippe</ets>, Goth. <ets>sibja</ets>, and also to

Skr. <ets>sabh\'be</ets> assembly.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.</def>



<q>Should a great lady that was invited to be a

<qex>gossip</qex>, in her place send her kitchen maid, 't would

be ill taken.</q>

<qau>Selden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and

customary acquaintance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My noble <qex>gossips</qex>, ye have been too prodigal.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who runs house to house, tattling and

telling news; an idle tattler.</def>



<q>The common chat of <qex>gossips</qex> when they meet.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.</def>



<q>Bubbles o'er like a city with <qex>gossip</qex>, scandal, and

spite.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Gos"sip</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stand sponsor

to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gos"sip</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gossiped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Gossiping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

make merry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prate; to chat; to talk much.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To run about and tattle; to tell idle

tales.</def>



<hw>Gos"sip*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One given to

gossip.</def>



<au>Beaconsfield.</au>



<hw>Gos"sip*rede</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Kindred</er>.]</ety> <def>The relationship between a person

and his sponsors.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gos"sip*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special

intimacy.</def>



<au>Bale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Idle talk; gossip.</def>



<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>



<hw>Gos"sip*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of, or

given to, gossip.</def>



<hw>Gos*soon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>garson</ets> an attendant, fr. F. <ets>gar\'87on</ets>, OF.

<ets>gars</ets>.]</ety> <def>A boy; a servant.</def>

<mark>[Ireland]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Gos*syp"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>gossypion</ets>, <ets>gossipion</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants which yield the cotton

of the arts. The species are much confused. <xex>G</xex>.

<xex>herbaceum</xex> is the name given to the common cotton

plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by

<xex>G</xex>. <xex>Barbadense</xex>, a shrubby variety. There are

several other kinds besides these.</def>



<hw>Got</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Get</er>. See <er>Get</er>.</def>



<hw>Gote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG.

<ets>gote</ets>, <ets>gaute</ets>, canal, G. <ets>gosse</ets>;

akin to <ets>giessen</ets> to pour, shed, AS.

<ets>ge\'a2tan</ets>, and E. <ets>fuse to</ets> melt.]</ety>

<def>A channel for water.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Crose.</au>



<hw>Go"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>a gutter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Goth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Gothi</ets>, pl.; cf. Gr. <?/]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of an ancient Teutonic

race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early

part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important

part in subverting the Roman empire.</def>



<note><hand/ Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of

Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and

came to be known as <xex>Ostrogoths</xex> and

<xex>Visigoths</xex>, or <xex>East</xex> and <xex>West</xex>

Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the

Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took

possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called

<xex>Moesogoths</xex>. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia,

at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled

<xex>Suiogoths</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a

rude, ignorant person.</def>



<au>Chesterfield.</au>



<hw>Go"tham*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wiseacre;

a person deficient in wisdom; -- so called from Gotham, in

Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant blunders.</def>



<au>Bp. Morton.</au>



<hw>Go"tham*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A gothamist.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inhabitant of New York city.</def>

<mark>[Jocular]</mark>



<au>Irving.</au>



<hw>Goth"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Gothicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gothique</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the Goths; <as>as, <ex>Gothic</ex>

customs</as>; also, rude; barbarous.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a style

of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large

in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in

proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western Europe

from about 1200 to 1475 <er>a</er>. <er>d</er>. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Abacus</er>, and

<er>Capital</er>.</def>



<hw>Goth"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The language of

the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths

who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See

<er>Goth</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the

Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The

portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known

literary document in any Teutonic language.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of square-cut type, with no hair

lines.</def>



<note><hand/ <gothictype>This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.</gothictype>

</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The style described in

<er>Gothic</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>Goth"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A Gothic idiom.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conformity to the Gothic style of

architecture.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.</def>



<hw>Goth"i*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gothicized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gothicizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To make Gothic; to bring back to

barbarism.</def>



<mhw><hw>G\'94"thite</hw>, <it>or</it> <hw>Goe"thite</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[After the poet

<ets>G\'94the</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous

oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive,

with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color

varies from yellowish to blackish brown.</def>



<hw>Got"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Get</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gouache</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., It.

<ets>guazzo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A method of painting with opaque

colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a

preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.</def>



<hw>Goud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>gaide</ets>, F. <ets>gu\'8ade</ets>, fr. OHG.

<ets>weit</ets>; or cf. F. <ets>gaude</ets> weld. Cf.

<er>Woad</er>.]</ety> <def>Woad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Gou`dron"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

tar.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>a small fascine or fagot,

steeped in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for

igniting buildings or works, or to light ditches and

ramparts.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<hw>Gouge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gouge</ets>. LL. <ets>gubia</ets>, <ets>guvia</ets>,

<ets>gulbia</ets>, <ets>gulvia</ets>, <ets>gulvium</ets>; cf.

Bisc. <ets>gubia</ets> bow, <ets>gubioa</ets> throat.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical

blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in

wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for

turning wood.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or

gilding, having a face which forms a curve.</def>



<-- p. 641 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for

gloves, envelopes, etc.. from leather, paper, etc.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Soft material lying between

the wall of a vein aud the solid vein.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with

a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a

cheat; a trickish person.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Gouge bit</col>, <cd>a boring bit, shaped like a

gouge.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bouge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gouged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gouging</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To scoop out with a

gouge.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to

force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb.</def> <mark>[K

S.]</mark>



<note><hand/ A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly

practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the

United States.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cheat in a bargain; to chouse.</def>

<mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Gou"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Plum Gouger</er>.</def>



<hw>Gouge"shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell,

of the genus <spn>Vermetus</spn>; also, the pinna. See

<er>Vermetus</er>.</def>



<hw>Gou"jere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gouge</ets> prostitute, a camp trull. Cf.

<er>Good-year</er>.]</ety> <def>The venereal disease.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gou"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Golding</er>.</def>



<hw>Gou*lard"s" ex"tract"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Named after

the introducer, Thomas <ets>Goulard</ets>, a French

surgeon.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An aqueous solution of the

subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation.

Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract.</def>



<hw>Gour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Giaour</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fire worshiper; a

Gheber or Gueber.</def>



<au>Tylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Koulan</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gou"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of large,

crested ground pigeons of the genus <spn>Goura</spn>, inhabiting

New Guinea and adjacent islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon

(<spn>Goura Victoria</spn>) and the crowned pigeon (<spn>G.

coronata</spn>) are among the beat known species.</def>



<hw>Gou"ra*mi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very largo East Indian freshwater

fish (<spn>Osphromenus gorami</spn>), extensively reared in

artificial ponds in tropical countries, and highly valued as a

food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce

it into Southern Europe.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>goramy</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gourd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gourde</ets>, OF. <ets>cougourde</ets>,

<ets>gouhourde</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cucurbita</ets> gourd (cf. NPr.

<ets>cougourdo</ets>); perh. akin to corbin basket, E.

<ets>corb</ets>. Cf. <er>Cucurbite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit,

as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order

<spn>Cucurbitace\'91</spn>; and especially the bottle gourd

(<spn>Lagenaria vulgaris</spn>) which occurs in a great variety

of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for

bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of

a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Bitter gourd</col>, <cd>colocynth.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gourd</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A false die. See

<er>Gord</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gourd</hw>, <hw>Gourde</hw>  }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp. <ets>gordo</ets> large.]</ety> <def>A silver dollar; -- 

so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Gourd"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gourdy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The state of being

gourdy.</def>



<hw>Gourd" tree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree

(the <spn>Crescentia Cujete</spn>, or calabash tree) of the West

Indies and Central America.</def>



<hw>Gourd"worm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fluke of sheep. See

<er>Fluke</er>.</def>



<hw>Gourd"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Either fr.

<er>gourd</er>, or fr. F. <ets>gourd</ets> benumbed.]</ety>

<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Swelled in the legs.</def>



<hw>Gour"mand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See

<er>Gormand</er>.</def>



<q>That great <qex>gourmand</qex>, fat Apicius</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Gour"met"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an

epicure.</def>



<hw>Gour"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish. See <er>Gurnet</er>.</def>



<hw>Gout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>goutte</ets> a drop, the gout, the disease being considered

as a defluxion, fr. L. <ets>gutta</ets> drop.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A drop; a clot or coagulation.</def>



<q>On thy blade and dudgeon <qex>gouts</qex> of blood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A constitutional disease,

occurring by paroxysms. It constists in an inflammation of the

fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always

attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after

which, it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended

with various sympathettic phenomena, particularly in the

digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the

stomach, the intestines, etc.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A disease of cornstalks. See <cref>Corn

fly</cref>, under <er>Corn</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Cout stones</col>. <cd>See <er>Chalkstone</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Co\'96t</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>gustus</ets> taste. See <er>Gusto</er>.]</ety> <def>Taste;

relish.</def>



<hw>Gout"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a gouty

manner.</def>



<hw>Gout"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

gouty; gout.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gout"weed`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <hw>Gout"wort`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from having

been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe

(<spn>\'92gopodium Podagraria</spn>); -- called also

<altname>bishop's weed</altname>, <altname>ashweed</altname>, and

<altname>herb gerard</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gout"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; <as>as, a

<ex>gouty</ex> person; a <ex>gouty</ex> joint.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the gout.</def>

\'bd<xex>Gouty</xex> matter.\'b8



<au>Blackmore.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Swollen, as if from gout.</def>



<au>Derham.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Boggy; <as>as, gouty land</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<cs><col>Gouty bronchitis</col>, <cd>bronchitis arising as a

secondary disease during the progress of gout.</cd> -- <col>Gouty

concretions</col>, <cd>calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the

joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout.</cd> -- <col>Gouty

kidney</col>, <cd>an affection occurring during the progress of

gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate

of sodium.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Also

<ets>goaf</ets>, <ets>goof</ets>, <ets>goff</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

mow; a rick for hay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Gov"ern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Governed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Governing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>governer</ets>,

F. <ets>gouverner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gubernare</ets> to steer,

pilot, govern, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Gubernatorial</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To direct and control, as the actions or conduct

of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to

regulate by authority.</def> \'bdFit to <xex>govern</xex> and

rule multitudes.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To regulate; to influence; to direct; to

restrain; to manage; <as>as, to <ex>govern</ex> the life; to

<ex>govern</ex> a horse.</as></def>



<q><qex>Govern</qex> well thy appetite.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To require to be in a

particular case; <as>as, a transitive verb <ex>governs</ex> a

noun in the objective case</as>; or to require (a particular

case); <as>as, a transitive verb <ex>governs</ex> the objective

case</as>.</def>



<hw>Gov"ern</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To exercise authority; to

administer the laws; to have the control.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Governableness.</def>



<hw>Gov"ern*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gouvernable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being governed, or

subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Gov"ern*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being governable; manageableness.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gov"ern*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gov"ern*ail</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gouvernail</ets> helm, rudder, L.

<ets>gubernaculum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Management; mastery.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gov"ern*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

gouvernance.]</ety> <def>Exercise of authority; control;

government; arrangement.</def>



<au>Chaucer. J. H. Newman.</au>



<hw>Gov"ern*ante"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gouvernante</ets>. See <er>Govern</er>.]</ety> <def>A

governess.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Gov"ern*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>governeresse</ets>. See <er>Governor</er>.]</ety> <def>A

female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and

direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction

of children, -- usually in their homes.</def>



<hw>Gov"ern*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Holding the

superiority; prevalent; controlling; <as>as, a <ex>governing</ex>

wind; a <ex>governing</ex> party in a state.</as></def>



<au>Jay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Requiring a particular

case.</def>



<hw>Gov"ern*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gouvernement</ets>. See <er>Govern</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the

administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; <as>as,

civil, church, or family government</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The mode of governing; the system of polity in a

state; the established form of law.</def>



<q>That free <qex>government</qex> which we have so dearly

purchased, free commonwealth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The right or power of governing;

authority.</def>



<q>I here resign my <qex>goverment</qex> to thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The person or persons authorized to administer

the laws; the ruling powe; the administratian.</def>



<q>When we, in England, speak of the <qex>government</qex>, we

generally

understand the ministers of the crown for the time being.</q>

<qau>Mozley & W.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The body politic governed by one authority; a

state; <as>as, the governments of Europe</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Management of the limbs or body.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The influence of a word in

regard to construction, requiring that another word should be in

a particular case.</def>



<hw>Gov"ern*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gouveernemental</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to government;

made by government; <as>as, governmental duties</as>.</def>



<hw>Gov"ern*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>governor</ets>, <ets>governour</ets>, OF.

<ets>governeor</ets>, F. <ets>gouverneur</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>gubernator</ets> steersman, ruler, governor. See

<er>Govern</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who governs;

especially, one who is invested with the supreme executive

authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; <as>as, the

governor of Pennsylvania</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>governor</xex>

of the town.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who has the care or guardianship of a young

man; a tutor; a guardian.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A pilot; a steersman.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance applied to

steam engines, water wheels, and other machinery, to maintain

nearly uniform speed when the resistances and motive force are

variable.</def>



<caption>

<note><hand/ The illustration shows a form of <xex>governor</xex>

commonly used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve

(<it>a</it>) sliding on a rapidly revolving spindle (<it>b</it>),

driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed

varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (<it>c

c</it>) to which it is connected by links (<it>d d</it>), the

balls being attached to arms (<it>e e</it>) which are jointed to

the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle

valve or cut-off through a lever (<it>f</it>), and its motion

produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too

slowly and a less supply when too fast.</note></caption>



<cs><col>Governor cut-off</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a

variable cut-off gear in which the governor acts in such a way as

to cause the steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at

points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed.</cd> --

<col>Hydraulic governor</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a governor

which is operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a

cataract.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gov"ern*or gen"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A governor who

has lieutenant or deputy governors under him; <as>as, the

<ex>governor general</ex> of Canada, of India</as>.</def>



<hw>Gov"ern*or*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

governor.</def>



<hw>Gow"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot., fr.

Gael. <ets>gugan</ets> bud, flower, daisy.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The daisy, or mountain daisy.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>And pu'd the <qex>gowans</qex> fine.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Decomposed granite.</def>



<hw>Gow"an*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having,

abounding in, or decked with, daisies.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>Sweeter than <qex>gowany</qex> glens or new-mown hay.</q>

<qau>Ramsay.</qau>



<hw>Gowd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gold</er>.]</ety> <def>Gold; wealth.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>The man's the <qex>gowd</qex> for a' that.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<hw>Gowd"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Golden.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gow"die</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dragont</er>.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gowd"nook"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The saury pike; -- called also

gofnick.</def>



<hw>Gowk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gawk</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a, booby of one); to

stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Gowk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gawk</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The European cuckoo; --

called also gawky.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.</def>



<hw>Gowl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gaulen</ets>, <ets>goulen</ets>. Cf. <er>Yawl</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To howl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Gown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>goune</ets>, prob. from W. <ets>gwn</ets> gown, loose robe,

akin to Ir. <ets>gunn</ets>, Gael. <ets>g\'97n</ets>; cf. OF.

<ets>gone</ets>, prob. of the same origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A loose, flowing upper garment</def>; especially:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The ordinary outer dress of a woman; <as>as, a

calico or silk <ex>gown</ex></as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as

university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.;

hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in

distinction from military</def>.



<q>He Mars deposed, and arms to <qex>gowns</qex> made yield.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors;

a dressing gown</def>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any sort of dress or garb.</def>



<q>He comes . . . in the <qex>gown</qex> of humility.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gowned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Dressed in a

gown; clad.</def>



<q><qex>Gowned</qex> in pure white, that fitted to the shape.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<mhw><hw>Gowns"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gown"man</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw>

<pr>(-men)</pr></plu>. <def>One whose professional habit is a

gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an

English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a

soldier.</def>



<hw>Goz"zard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gosherd</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Graaf"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier

de Graaf, a Dutch physician.</def>



<cs><col>Graafian follicles</col><cd> or vesicles, small cavities

in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by

the bursting of which they are discharged.</cd></cs>



<hw>Graal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See Grail., a

dish.</def>



<hw>Grab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. & Hind.

<ets>ghur<?/b</ets> crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel used on the Malabar coast,

having two or three masts.</def>



<hw>Grab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grabbed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Grabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Sw.

<ets>grabba</ets> to grasp. Cf. <er>Grabble</er>,

<er>Grapple</er>, <er>Grasp</er>.]</ety> <def>To gripe suddenly;

to seize; to snatch; to clutch.</def>



<hw>Grab</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden grasp or

seizure.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for clutching objects for the

purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for

withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are

drilled, bored, or driven.</def>



<cs><col>Grab hag</col>, <cd>at fairs, a bag or box holding small

articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of

a small sum. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Grab game</col>, a

theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece

of property. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Grab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who seizes

or grabs.</def>



<hw>Grab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grabbled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Grabbling</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>grab</ets>; cf.

D. <ets>grabbelen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grope; to

feel with the hands.</def>



<q>He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a

<qex>grabbling</qex> and fumbling.</q>

<qau>Selden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the

ground; to grovel.</def>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<hw>Grace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gr\'83ce</ets>, L. <ets>gratia</ets>, from <ets>gratus</ets>

beloved, dear, agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ to rejoice, <?/

favor, grace, Skr. <ets>hary</ets> to desire, and E. yearn. Cf.

<er>Grateful</er>, <er>Gratis</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit

or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred.</def>



<q>To bow and sue for <qex>grace</qex>

With suppliant knee.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The divine favor toward man;

the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any

benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of

acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor.</def>



<q>And if by <qex>grace</qex>, then is it no more of works.</q>

<qau>Rom. xi. 6.</qau>



<q>My <qex>grace</qex> is sufficicnt for thee.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. xii. 9.</qau>



<q>Where sin abounded, <qex>grace</qex> did much more abound.</q>

<qau>Rom. v. 20.</qau>



<q>By whom also we have access by faith into this

<qex>grace</qex> wherein we stand.</q>

<qau>Rom. v.2</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The prerogative of

mercy execised by the executive, as pardon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable

relief through chancery.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with

<xex>hard</xex> or <xex>sorry</xex> when it means

misfortune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Inherent excellence; any endowment or

characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or

benefit.</def>



<q>He is complete in feature and in mind.

With all good <qex>grace</qex> to grace a gentleman.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's

style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and

full of those <qex>graces</qex> which a flowery imagination

diffuses over writing.</q>

<qau>Blair.</qau>



<-- p. 642 -->



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral;

loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of

form.</def>



<q><qex>Grace</qex> in women gains the affections sooner, and

secures them longer, than any thing else.</q>

<qau>Hazlitt.</qau>



<q>I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the

<qex>grace</qex> of the gift.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>Graceful and

beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient

writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of

Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely,

Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the

inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom,

love, and social intercourse.</def>



<q>The <qex>Graces</qex> love to weave the rose.</q>

<qau>Moore.</qau>



<q>The Loves delighted, and the <qex>Graces</qex> played.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The title of a duke, a duchess, or an

archbishop, and formerly of the king of England.</def>



<q>How fares your <qex>Grace</qex> !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Commonly pl.)</fld> <def>Thanks.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Yielding <qex>graces</qex> and thankings to their lord

Melibeus.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or

thanks rendered, before or after a meal.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Ornamental

notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or

indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are

called <xex>grace notes</xex>, <xex>appeggiaturas</xex>,

<xex>turns</xex>, etc.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <def>An act, vote, or

decree of the government of the institution; a degree or

privilege conferred by such vote or decree.</def>



<au>Walton.</au>



<sn>13.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A play designed to promote or

display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop

from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands

of each. Called also <altname>grace hoop</altname> or

<altname>hoops</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Act of grace</col>. <cd>See under <er>Act</er>.</cd> --

<col>Day of grace</col></mcol> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the time

of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and

may be accepted.</cd>



<q>That day of <qex>grace</qex> fleets fast away.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



-- <col>Days of grace</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>the days

immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due,

which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. 

In Great Britain and the United States, the <xex>days of

grace</xex> are <xex>three</xex>, but in some countries more, the

usages of merchants being different.</cd> -- <col>Good

graces</col></mcol>, <cd>favor; friendship.</cd> -- <col>Grace

cup</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A cup or vessel in which a health is

drunk after grace.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A health drunk after

grace has been said.</cd>



<q>The <qex>grace</qex> cup follows to his sovereign's

health.</q>

<qau>Hing.</qau>



-- <col>Grace drink</col>, <cd>a drink taken on rising from the

table; a grace cup.</cd>



<q>To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of

the <qex>grace drink</qex>, she having established it as a rule

at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was

rewarded with a bumper.</q>

<qau>Encyc. Brit.</qau>



-- <col>Grace hoop</col>, <cd>a hoop used in playing graces. See

<er>Grace</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 13.</cd> -- <col>Grace note</col>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an appoggiatura. See

<er>Appoggiatura</er>, and def. 11 above.</cd> -- <col>Grace

stroke</col>, <cd>a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de

grace.</cd> -- <col>Means of grace</col>, <cd>means of securing

knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the

gospel, etc.</cd> --  <col>To do grace</col>, <cd>to reflect

credit upon.</cd>



<q>Content to do the profession some <qex>grace</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



-- <col>To say grace</col>, <cd>to render thanks before or after

a meal.</cd> -- <col>With a good grace</col>, <cd>in a fit and

proper manner grace fully; graciously.</cd> -- <col>With a bad

grace</col></mcol>, <cd>in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory

manner; ungraciously.</cd>



<q>What might have been done with a good <qex>grace</qex> would

at least

be done with a bad grace.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness;

mercy.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Grace</er>, <er>Mercy</er>. These

words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and

peculiar meaning. <xex>Grace</xex>, in the strict sense of the

term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is

kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the

<xex>grace</xex> of God that opened a way for the exercise of

<xex>mercy</xex> toward men. See <er>Elegance</er>.</usage>



<hw>Grace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Graced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gracing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To adorn; to

decorate; to embellish and dignify.</def>



<q>Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>We are <qex>graced</qex> with wreaths of victory.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to

honor.</def>



<q>He might, at his pleasure, <qex>grace</qex> or disgrace whom

he would

in court.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To supply with heavenly grace.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>(Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc.,

to.</def>



<hw>Graced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Endowed with

grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Grace"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Displaying

grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in

appearance; <as>as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker, air,

act, speech</as>.</def>



<q>High o'er the rest in arms the <qex>graceful</qex> Turnus

rode.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Grace"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<wf>Grace"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Grace"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wanting in

grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace;

hence, depraved; corrupt.</def> \'bdIn a <xex>graceless</xex>

age.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unfortunate. Cf. <er>Grace</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

4.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Grace"less*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Grace"less-ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw>{ <hw>Grac"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Grac"il*lent</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>gracilis</ets>,

<ets>gracilentus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Slender; thin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Gra*cil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

gracilitas; cf.  F. <ets>gracilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>State of

being gracilent; slenderness.</def> <au>Milman</au>. \'bdYouthful

<xex>gracility</xex>.\'b8



<au>W.  D. Howells.</au>



<hw>Gra"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gracieux</ets>, L. <ets>gratiosus</ets>. See

<er>Grace</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Abounding in grace or

mercy; manifesting love,. or bestowing mercy; characterized by

grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor;

condescending; <as>as, his most <ex>gracious</ex>

majesty</as>.</def>



<q>A god ready to pardon, <qex>gracious</qex> and merciful.</q>

<qau>Neh.  ix. 17.</qau>



<q>So hallowed and so <qex>gracious</qex> in the time.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability;

graceful; excellent.</def>



<q>Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . 

There was not such a <qex>gracious</qex> creature born.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Produced by divine grace; influenced or

controlled by the divine influence; <as>as, gracious

affections</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent;

benignant; merciful.</syn>



<hw>Gra"cious*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fortunately; luckily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gra"cious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

gracious.</def>



<hw>Grac"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>graculus</ets> jackdaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several American blackbirds, of the

family <spn>Icterid\'91</spn>; <subtypes>as, the rusty grackle

(<spn>Scolecophagus Carolinus</spn>); the boat-tailed grackle

(see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (<spn>Quiscalus

quiscula</spn>, or <spn>Q. versicolor</spn>).</subtypes> See

<cref>Crow blackbird</cref>, under <er>Crow</er></def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An Asiatic bird of the genus

<spn>Gracula</spn>. See <er>Myna</er>.</def>



<hw>Gra"date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grade or arrange

(parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.), so that they shall

harmonize.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To bring to a certain

strength or grade of concentration; <as>as, to gradate a saline

solution</as>.</def>



<hw>Gra*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <ety>[L.

<ets>gradatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gradation</ets>. See

<er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of progressing by

regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded

or arranged in ranks; <as>as, the gradation of castes</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of bringing to a certain

grade.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any degree or relative position in an order or

series.</def>



<q>The several <qex>gradations</qex> of the intelligent

universe.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A gradual passing from

one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in

painting or drawing.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A diatonic ascending or

descending succession of chords.</def>



<hw>Gra*da"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form with

gradations.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gra*da"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>By

regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.</def>



<hw>Grad"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Proceeding step by step,

or by gradations; gradual.</def>



<q>Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their

progress . . . could this <qex>gradatory</qex> apostasy have been

shown us.</q>

<qau>A. Seward.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Suitable for walking; --

said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on

land.</def>



<hw>Grad"a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>gradatarium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A series

of steps from a cloister into a church.</def>



<hw>Grade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>grade</ets>, L. <ets>gradus</ets> step, pace, grade, from

<ets>gradi</ets> to step, go. Cf. <er>Congress</er>,

<er>Degree</er>, <er>Gradus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A step

or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position

or standing; <as>as, <ex>grades</ex> of military rank; crimes of

every <ex>grade</ex>; <ex>grades</ex> of flour.</as></def>



<q>They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure,

teachers of every <qex>grade</qex>.</q>

<qau>Buckle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>In a railroad or highway</fld>: <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a

level surface to an inclined plane; -- usually stated as so many

feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of

horizontal distance; <as>as, a heavy <ex>grade</ex></as>; a

<xex>grade</xex> of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A graded ascending, descending, or level

portion of a road; a gradient.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>The result of

crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed

have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called

high grade.</def>



<cs><col>At grade</col>, <cd>on the same level; -- said of the

crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when

they are on the same level at the point of crossing.</cd> --

<col>Down grade</col>, <cd>a descent, as on a graded

railroad.</cd> -- <col>Up grade</col>, <cd>an ascent, as on a

graded railroad.</cd> -- <col>Equating for grades</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Equate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grade crossing</col>, <cd>a

crossing at grade.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grade</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Graded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Grading</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To arrange in

order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reduce to a level, or to an evenly

progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>To cross with some

better breed; to improve the blood of.</def>



<hw>Grade"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>grad</ets>

grade, step, order, fr. L. <ets>gradus</ets>. See

<er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <def>Decent; orderly.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark> <au>Halliwell</au>. -- <def2><pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Decently; in order.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></def2>



<hw>Grad"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who grades,

or that by means of which grading is done or facilitate.



<-- 2. A vehicle used for levelling earth, esp. one with a plow

blade suspended from the center, used specifically for grading

roads. -->



<hw>Gra"di*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gradiens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>gradi</ets> to

step, to go. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving

by steps; walking; <as>as, gradient automata</as>.</def>



<au>Wilkins.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rising or descending by regular degrees of

inclination; <as>as, the gradient line of a railroad</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain

birsds.</def>



<hw>Gra"di*ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The rate of

regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A part of a road which slopes upward or

downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The rate of increase or decrease of a variable

magnitude, or the curve which represents it; <as>as, a

thermometric gradient</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Gradient post</col>, <cd>a post or stake indicating by

its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or

embankment, etc., at that spot.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Gra"din</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gra*dine"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>gradin</ets>,

<ets>dim</ets>. <ets>of grade</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Any member like a step, as the raised

back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>gradines</xex> of the amphitheeater.\'b8



<au>Layard.</au>



<hw>Gra*dine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gradine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A toothed chised by

sculptors.</def>



<hw>Grad"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the

surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gra*di"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gradinos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A step or raised shelf, as above a

sideboard or altar. Cf. <er>Superaltar</er>, and

<er>Gradin</er>.</def>



<hw>Grad"u*al"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf; F.

<ets>graduel</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>, and cf. <er>Gradual</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Proceeding by steps or degrees;

advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one

state to another; regularly progressive; slow; <as>as, a

<ex>gradual</ex> increase of knowledge; a <ex>gradual</ex>

decline.</as></def>



<q>Creatures animate with <qex>gradual</qex> life

Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Grad"u*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>graduale</ets> a

gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. <ets>gradus</ets> step: cf. F.

<ets>graduel</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>, and cf. <er>Grail</er> a

gradual.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass,

which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the

steps.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A service book containing the

musical portions of the Mass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A series of steps.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Grad"u*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being gradual; gradualness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Grad"u*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In a gradual manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In degree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Human reason doth not only <qex>gradually</qex>, but

specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<hw>Grad"u*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being gradual; regular progression or gradation;

slowness.</def>



<q>The <qex>gradualness</qex> of this movement.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<q>The <qex>gradualness</qex> of growth is a characteristic which

strikes the simplest observer.</q>

<qau>H. Drummond.</qau>



<hw>Grad"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Graduated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr> <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Graduating</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>graduer</ets>. See

<er>Graduate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Grade</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark with degrees; to divide into regular

steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a

scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To admit or elevate to a certain grade or

degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close

of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma;

<as>as, he was graduated at Yale College</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or

modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the

degrees of; <as>as, to graduate the heat of an oven</as>.</def>



<q>Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts.</q>

<qau>Browne.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To bring to a certain degree

of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid.</def>



<cs><col>Graduating engine</col>, <cd>a dividing engine. See

<cref>Dividing</cref> engine, under <er>Dividing</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grad"u*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass by

degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; <as>as, sandstone

which <ex>graduates</ex> into gneiss; carnelian sometimes

<ex>graduates</ex> into quartz.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To taper, as the tail of

certain birds.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take a degree in a college or university; to

become a graduate; to receive a diploma.</def>



<q>He <qex>graduated</qex> at Oxford.</q>

<qau>Latham.</qau>



<q>He was brought to their bar and asked where he had

<qex>graduated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Grad"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>graduatus</ets>, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr.

L. <ets>gradus</ets> grade. See <er>Grade</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who has received an

academical or professional degree; one who has completed the

prescribed course of study in any school or institution of

learning.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring

glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under

<er>Graduated</er>.</def>



<hw>Grad"u*ate</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Graduate</er>,

<pos>n.</pos> & <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>Arrangei by successive

steps or degrees; graduated.</def>



<q>Beginning with the genus, passing through all the

<qex>graduate</qex>

and subordinate stages.</q>

<qau>Tatham.</qau>



<hw>Grad"u*a"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into

grades.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Tapered; -- said of a

bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others

successively longer.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Graduated</col> <col>tube, bottle, cap, <or/

glass</col>, <cd>a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal

marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the

contents at the several levels.</cd> -- <col>Graduated

spring</col></mcol> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a combination of

metallic and rubber springs.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grad"u*ate*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being a

graduate.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Grad"u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F. graduation division into

degrees.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of graduating, or the state of being

graduated; <as>as, <ex>graduation</ex> of a scale;

<ex>graduation</ex> at a college; graduation in color;

<ex>graduation</ex> by evaporation; the <ex>graduation</ex> of a

bird's tail, etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate

degrees or quantity; a scale.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to

the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.</def>



<hw>Grad"u*a"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who determines or indicates graduation; <as>as, a

graduator of instruments</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for dividing any line, right or

curve, into small, regular intervals.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine

or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gra"dus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.

gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.]</ety> <def>A dictionary

of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin

poetry.</def>



<q>He set to work . . . without <qex>gradus</qex> or other

help.</q>

<qau>T. Hughes.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Graf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G. Cf.

<er>-grave</er>.]</ety> <def>A German title of nobility,

equivalent to earl in English, or count in French. See

<er>Earl</er>.</def>



<hw>Graff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>grafe</ets>, <ets>greife</ets>, <ets>greive</ets>. Cf.

<er>Margrave</er>.]</ety> <def>A steward; an overseer.</def>



<q>[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or

<qex>graff</qex>, and not the head, which is a title belonging

only to Christ.</q>

<qau>John Knox.</qau>



<hw>Graff</hw> <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See <er>Graft</er>.</def>



<hw>Graff"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Grave,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The scarp of a ditch or moat.</def>

\'bdTo clean the <xex>graffages</xex>.\'b8



<au>Miss Mitford.</au>



<hw>Graf"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

Greffier.]</ety> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>a notary or

scrivener.</def>



<au>Bowvier.</au>



<-- p. 643  -->



<hw>\'d8Graf*fi"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[It., pl. of <ets>graffito</ets> scratched]</ety>

<def>Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of

ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at

Pompeii.</def>



<hw>Graft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>graff</ets>, F. <ets>greffe</ets>, originally the same word

as OF. <ets>grafe</ets> pencil, L. <ets>graphium</ets>, Gr. <?/,

<?/, fr. <?/ to write; prob. akin to E. <ets>carve</ets>. So

named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed

pencil. Cf. <er>Graphic</er>, <er>Grammar.</er>]</ety>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in

another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it.

The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the

kind of fruit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A branch or portion of a

tree growing from such a shoot. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>

<def>A portion of living tissue used in the operation of

autoplasty.</def>



<hw>Graft</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Grafted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Grafting</er>.] <ety>[F. <ets>greffer</ets>. See

<er>Graft</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To insert

(a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by

insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon.</def>

<altsp>[Formerly written <asp>graff</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.<sn>  <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To implant a portion of

(living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic

union.</def>



<sn>3.<sn>  <def>To join (one thing) to another as if by

grafting, so as to bring about a close union.</def>



<q>And <qex>graft</qex> my love immortal on thy fame !</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.<sn>  <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cover, as a ring bolt,

block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or

rope-yarns.</def>



<hw>Graft</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To insert scions from one

tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice

grafting.</def>



<hw>Graft"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit

by ingrafting.</def>



<sn>2.<sn>  <def>An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The original tree from which a scion has been

taken for grafting upon another tree.</def>



<au>Shak</au>.



<hw>Graft"ing</hw> <pos>n.</pos> 1. <fld>(Hort.)</fld> The act,

art, or process of inserting grafts.



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The act or method of weaving

a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The transplanting of a

portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A scarfing or endwise

attachment of one timber to another.</def>



<cs><col>Cleft grafting</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <cd>a method of

grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the

stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a

manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Crown, <or/ Rind, grafting</col></mcol>, <cd>a method

of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and

between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut

slantwise.</cd> -- <col>Saddle grafting</col>, <cd>a mode of

grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by

two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made  wedge-shaped

to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it

saddlewise.</cd> -- <col>Side grafting</col>, <cd>a mode of

grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so

as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside

of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the

cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock.</cd> --

<col>Skin grafting</col>. <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Autoplasty.</er></cd> -- <col>Splice grafting</col>

<fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>a method of grafting by cutting the ends

of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a

manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the

ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and

securing them by tying or otherwise.</cd> -- <col>Whip

grafting</col>, <cd>tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting,

except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and

stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the

sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put

together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the

other.</cd> -- <col>Grafting scissors</col>, <cd>a surgeon's

scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc.</cd> --

<col>Grafting tool</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any tool used in

grafting.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A very strong curved spade used

in digging canals.</cd> -- <col>Grafting wax</col>, <cd>a

composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up

the wounds of newly grafted trees.</cd></cs> 



<hw>Gra"ham bread"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From Sylvester

<ets>Graham</ets>, a lecturer on dietetics.]</ety> <def>Bread

made of unbolted wheat flour.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Gra"ham*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Graham bread</er>.]</ety> <def>One who follows the dietetic

system of Graham.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> 



<hw>Grail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>greel</ets>, LL. <ets>gradale.</ets> See <er>Gradual</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A book of offices in the Roman Catholic

Church; a gradual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<q>Such as antiphonals, missals, <qex>grails</qex>,

processionals, etc.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<hw>Grail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>graal</ets>,

<ets>greal</ets>, greet, F. <ets>graal</ets>, <ets>gr?al</ets>,

LL. <ets>gradalis</ets>, <ets>gradale</ets>, prob. derived fr. L.

<ets>crater</ets> bowl, mixing vessel, Gr. <grk>krath`r</grk>. 

See <er>Crater.</er>]</ety> <def>A broad, open dish; a chalice;

-- only used of the Holy Grail.</def>



<note><hand/The <xex>Holy Grail</xex>, according to some legends

of the Middle Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing

the wine at the last supper; and  according to others, the

platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the last Passover

observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the legend, if

appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would be

borne away and vanish from the sight. The <xex>quest </xex> of

the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was

perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.</note]>



<hw>Grail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>gr<ecir/le</ets>

hail, from <ets>gr\'90s</ets> grit, OHG. <ets>griex</ets>,

<ets>grioz</ets>, G. <ets>gries</ets>, gravel, grit. See

<er>Grit.</er>]</ety> <def>Small particles of earth;

gravel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Lying down upon the sandy <qex>grail.</qex></q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Grail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>graite</ets> slender, F. <ets>gr<ecir/te</ets>.]</ety>

<def>One of the small feathers of a hawk.</def>



<hw>Graille</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gr<ecir/le</ets> a sort of file.]</ety> <def>A halfround

single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight

face, -- used by comb makers.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Grain</hw>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>See <er>Groan.</er></def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Grain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>grain</ets>, L. <ets>granum</ets>, grain, seed, small

kernel, small particle. See <er>Corn</er>, and cf.

<er>Garner</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Garnet</er>, <er>Gram</er>

the chick-pea, <er>Granule</er>, <er>Kernel.</er>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially

of  those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for

food.</def> 



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the

chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants

themselves; -- used collectively.</def>



<q>Storehouses crammed with <qex>grain.</qex></q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar,

salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; <as>as, a

<ex>grain</ex> of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of

wit, etc.</as></def> 



<q>I . . . with a <qex>grain</qex> of manhood well resolved.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The unit of the English system of weights; -- so

called because considered equal to the average of grains taken

from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the

pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy.  A grain is

equal to .0648 gram. See <er>Gram.</er> </def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or

kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson,

scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to

<cref>Tyrian purple</cref>.</def> 



<q>All in a robe of darkest <qex>grain.</qex></q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in

colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of

crimson in <qex>grain.</qex></q>

<qau>Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The composite particles of any substance; that

arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its

comparative roughness or hardness; texture; <as>as, marble,

sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine <ex>grain</ex></as>.</def> 



<q>Hard box, and linden of a softer grain.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the

fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.</def>



<q>Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap,

Infect the sound pine and divert his <qex>grain</qex>

Tortive and errant from his course of growth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The fiber which forms the substance of wood or

of any fibrous material.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The <xex>hair</xex> side of a piece of leather,

or the marking on that side.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The remains of grain, etc.,

after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called

<altname>draff.</altname></def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rounded prominence on the

back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See <er>Grained</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, 4.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>Temper; natural disposition; inclination.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> 



<q>Brothers . . . not united in <qex>grain.</qex></q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>A sort of spice, the grain of paradise.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> 



<q>He cheweth <qex>grain</qex> and licorice,

To smellen sweet.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>





<cs><col>Against the grain</col>, <cd>against or across the

direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes;

unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty.</cd>

<au>Swift.</au><au>Saintsbury.</au>-- <col>A grain of

allowance</col>, <cd>a slight indulgence or latitude a small

allowance.</cd> -- <col>Grain binder</col>, <cd>an attachment to

a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves.</cd> --

<col>Grain colors</col>, <cd>dyes made from the coccus or kermes

in sect.</cd> -- <col>Grain leather</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>Dressed horse hides.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Goat, seal, and

other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes,

etc.</cd>  -- <col>Grain moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>one of several small moths, of the family

<spn>Tineid\'91</spn> (as <spn>Tinea granella</spn> and

<spn>Butalis cereAlella</spn>), whose larv\'91 devour grain in

storehouses.</cd> -- <col>Grain side</col> <fld>(Leather)</fld>,

<cd>the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been

removed; -- opposed to <contr>flesh side.</contr></cd> --

<col>Grains of paradise</col>, <cd>the seeds of a species of

amomum.</cd> -- <col>grain tin</col>, <cd>crystalline tin ore

metallic tin smelted with charcoal.</cd> -- <col>Grain

weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small red weevil

(Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and othar

grain, by eating out the interior.</cd> -- <col>Grain worm</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the grain moth. See

<cref>grain moth</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>In grain</col>,

<cd>of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine.</cd>

\'bdAnguish in grain.\'b8 <au>Herbert.</au>-- <col>To dye in

grain</col>, <cd>to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or

kermes grain [see <er>Grain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 5]; hence, to

dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See

under <er>Dye.</er></cd>



<q>The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . 

Likce crimson dyed in <qex>grain.</qex></q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



-- <col>To go against the grain of</col> (a person), <cd>to be

repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.</cd>



<hw>Grain</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Grained</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Graining.</er>]



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To paint in imitation of the grain of wood,

marble, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take the hair off (skins); to soften and

raise the grain of (leather, etc.).</def>



<hw>Grain</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>grainer</ets>,

<ets>grener.</ets> See <er>Grain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To yield fruit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as

the result of crystallization; to granulate.</def>



<hw>Grain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Groin</er> a part of the body.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a

plant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>G. Douglas.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tine, prong, or fork.</def> Specifically:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One the branches of a valley or of a

river.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An iron first

speak or harpoon, having four or more barbed points.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A blade of a sword, knife, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A thin piece of metal,

used in a mold to steady a core.</def>



<hw>Grained</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains;

showing the grain; hence, rough.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dyed in grain; ingrained.</def>



<q>Persons lightly dipped, not <qex>grained</qex>, in generous

honesty, are but pale in goodness. </q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of

wood, marble, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having tubercles or grainlike

processes, as the petals or sepals of some flowers.</def>



<hw>Grain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the

effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; -- called also

<altname>grains</altname> and <altname>bate.</altname></def> 



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A knife for taking the hair off skins.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who paints in imitation of the grain of

wood, marble, etc.; also, the brush or tool used in

graining.</def>



<hw>Grain"field`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A field

where grain is grown.</def>



<hw>Grain"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Indentation;

roughening; milling, as on edges of coins.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A process in dressing leather, by which the skin

is softened and the grain raised.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain

of  wood, atone, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Soap Making)</fld> <def>The process of

separating soap from spent lye, as with salt.</def>



<hw>Grain"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); - called

also dobule, and dace.</def>



<hw>Grains</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>See 5th <er>Grain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pigeon's dung used in tanning.  See

<er>Grainer.</er> <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>



<hw>Grain"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling

grains; granular.</def>



<hw>Graip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. akin to

grope, gripe.]</ety> <def>A dungfork.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Graith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Greith.</er></def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Graith</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Furniture; apparatus or

accouterments for work, traveling, war, etc.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Gra"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grackle.</er></def>



<hw>\'d8Gral"l\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>grallae</ets> stilts, for

<ets>gradulae</ets>, fr. <ets>gradus.</ets>  See

<er>Grade.</er>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of

birds which formerly included all the waders.  By later writers

it is usually restricted to the sandpipers, plovers, and allied

forms; -- called also <altname>Grallatores.</altname></def>



<hw>\'d8Gral"la*to"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. from L. <ets>grallator</ets> one who runs on

stilts.]</ety> <fld>(Zol.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Grall\'91</er>.</def> 



<mhw><hw>Gral`la*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gral"la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,<mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Grallatores,

or waders.</def>



<hw>Gral"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Grall\'91.</def>



<hw>Gral"line</hw> <pr>(l<imac/n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Grall\'91.</def>



<hw>Gral"loch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Offal of a

deer.</def> -- <def2><pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To remove the offal

from (a deer).</def></def2>



<hw>-gram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. ? a thing drawn or

written, a letter, fr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to draw, write. See

<er>Graphic.</er>]</ety> <def>A suffix indicating something drawn

or written, a drawing, writing; -- as, monogram, telegram,

chronogram.</def>



<hw>Gram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. gram; akin to

E. grim. <root/35.]</ety> <def>Angry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Havelok, the Dane.</au>



<hw>Gram</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg. <ets>gr?o</ets> grain. See

<er>Grain.</er>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The East Indian

name of the chick-pea (<spn>Cicer arietinum</spn>) and its seeds;

also, other similar seeds there used for food.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gram</hw>, <hw>Gramme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>gramme</ets>, from Gr. ? that which

is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See

<er>Graphic.</er>]</ety> <def>The unit of weight in the metric

system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly,

equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of

pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains.

See <er>Grain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<cs><col>Gram degree</col>, <or/ <col>Gramme degree</col></mcol>

<fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a unit of heat, being the amount of

heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water

one degree centigrade.</cd> -- <col>Gram equivalent</col>

<fld>(Electrolysis)</fld>, <cd>that quantity of the metal which

will replace one gram of hydrogen.</cd>



<hw>Gra"ma grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>grama</ets> a

sort of grass.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several

kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp.

the <spn>Bouteloua oligostachya</spn>.</def>



<hw>Gram"a*rye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gramer</ets>, <ets>grameri</ets>, <ets>gramori</ets>,

grammar, magic, OF. <ets>gramaire</ets>, F. <ets>grammaire.</ets> 

See <er>Grammar.</er>]</ety> <def>Necromancy; magic.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Gra*mash"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gamashes.</er>]</ety> <def>Gaiters reaching to the knee;

leggings.</def>



<q>Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Grame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gram</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anger;

wrath; scorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sorrow; grief; misery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gra*mer"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>grand-merci</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>, and

<er>Mercy.</er>]</ety> <def>A word formerly used to express

thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.</def>



<q>Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<-- p. 644 -->



<hw>Gram"i*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gramen</ets>, <ets>graminis</ets>, grass.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous;

<as>as, <ex>graminaceous</ex> plants</as>.</def>



<hw>Gra*min"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Gramineous.</def>



<hw>Gra*min"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gramineus</ets>, fr. <ets>gramen</ets>, <ets>graminis</ets>,

grass.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like, Or pertaining to,

grass. See <er>Grass</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gramen</ets>, <ets>graminis</ets>, grass + <ets>folium</ets>

leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing leaves resembling

those of grass.</def>



<hw>Gram"i*niv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gramen</ets>, <ets>graminis</ets>, grass + <ets>vorare</ets>

to eat greedily.]</ety> <def>Feeding or subsisting on grass, and

the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other

animals.</def>



<hw>Gram"ma*logue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gra`mma</grk> letter + <grk>lo`gos</grk> word. Cf.

<er>Logogram</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Phonography)</fld>

<def>Literally, a <it>letter word</it>; a word represented by a

logogram; <as>as, <it>it</it>, represented by |, that is, t</as>.

pitman.</def>



<hw>Gram"mar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gramere</ets>, OF. <ets>gramaire</ets>, F.

<ets>grammaire</ets> Prob. fr. L. <ets>gramatica</ets> Gr <?/,

fem. of <?/ skilled in grammar, fr. <?/ letter. See

<er>Gramme</er>, <er>Graphic</er>, and cf. <er>Grammatical</er>,

<er>Gramarye</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The science which

treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of

speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned

with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in

speaking or writing.</def>



<note><hand/ The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the

classifying of words according to their function in the

sentence.</note>



<au>Bain.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of speaking or writing with correctness

or according to established usage; speech considered with regard

to the rules of a grammar.</def>



<q>The original bad <qex>grammar</qex> and bad spelling.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A treatise on the principles of language; a book

containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking

or writing.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>treatise on the elements or principles of any

science; <as>as, a grammar of geography</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Comparative grammar</col>, <cd>the science which

determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and

comparing their grammatical forms.</cd> -- <col>Grammar

school</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A school, usually endowed, in

which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies

preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby

<xex>Grammar School</xex>. This use of the word is more common in

England than in the United States.</cd></cs>



<q>When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred

families or householders, they shall set up a <qex>grammar</qex>

school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as

they may be fitted for the University.</q>

<qau>Mass. Records (1647).</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In the American system of graded common schools

an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high

school, in which the principles of English grammar are

taught.</cd><-- now = primary school -->



<hw>Gram"mar</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To discourse according

to the rules of grammar; to use grammar.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Gram*ma"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>grammairien</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One versed in

grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist.</def>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe term was used by the classic ancients as a

term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned

in any art or faculty whatever.\'b8 <au>Brande & C.</au></note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.</def>



<hw>Gram*ma"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gram"mar*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without

grammar.</def>



<hw>Gram"mates</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[From

Gr. <?/ letters, written rules.]</ety> <def>Rudiments; first

principles, as of grammar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ford.</au>



<hw>Gram*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Grammatical.</def>



<hw>Gram*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>grammaticus</ets>, <ets>grammaticalis</ets>; Gr. <?/ skilled

in grammar, knowing one's letters, from <?/ a letter: cf. F.

<ets>grammatical</ets>. See <er>Grammar</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar;

<as>as, a grammatical rule</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>According to the rules of grammar; grammatically

correct; <as>as, the sentence is not <ex>grammatical</ex>; the

construction is not <ex>grammatical.</ex></as></def>



--<wordforms><wf>Gram*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Gram*mat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gram*mat"icas"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or

pretender.</def>



<q>My noble Neophite, my little <qex>grammaticaster</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Gram*mat"i*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

principle of grammar; a grammatical rule.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dalgarno.</au>



<hw>Gram*mat"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A point

or principle of grammar.</def>



<au>Abp. Leighton.</au>



<hw>Gram*mat"i*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grammaticized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Grammaticizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To render grammatical.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Gram"ma*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>grammatista</ets> schoolmaster, Gr. <?/, from <?/ to teach

the letters, to be a scribe: cf. F. <ets>grammatiste</ets>. See

<er>Grammatical</er>.]</ety> <def>A petty grammarian.</def>

<mark>[R]</mark>



<au>Tooke.</au>



<hw>Gramme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as Gram the

weight.</def>



<hw>Gramme" ma*chine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld>

<def>A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its

French inventor, M. <xex>Gramme</xex>.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Gram"pus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Grampuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Probably corrupted

from It. <ets>gran pesce</ets> great fish, or Sp. <ets>gran

pez</ets>, or Pg. <ets>gran peixe</ets>, all fr. L. <ets>grandis

piscis</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>, and <er>Fish</er>. the

animal.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A toothed

delphinoid cetacean, of the genus <spn>Grampus</spn>, esp.

<spn>G. griseus</spn> of Europe and America, which is valued for

its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is

gray with white streaks. Called also <altname>cowfish</altname>.

The California grampus is <spn>G. Stearnsii</spn>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of tongs used in a bloomery.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gra*nade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gra*na"do</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Grenade</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Grana*dil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

dim. of <ets>granada</ets> pomegranate. See <er>Grenade</er>,

<er>Garnet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of

certain species of passion flower (esp. <spn>Passiflora

quadrangularis</spn>) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is

as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The

fruit of <spn>Passiflora edulis</spn> is used for flavoring

ices.</def>



<hw>Gran"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Granaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>granarium</ets>, fr. <ets>granum</ets> grain. See

<er>Garner</er>.]</ety> <def>A storehouse or repository for

grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also

(<mark>Fig</mark>.), a region fertile in grain.<-- in this sense,

equivalent to "breadbasket", used figuratively --></def>



<q>The exhaustless <qex>granary</qex> of a world.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Gran"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Garnet</er>.</def>



<hw>Gra*na"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>granatum</ets> the pomegranate.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Mannite; -- so called because found in the

pomegranate.</def>



<hw>Gran"a*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Staurolite</er>.</def>



<hw>Grand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Grander</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Grandest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>grant</ets>, <ets>grount</ets>, OF. <ets>grant</ets>, F.

<ets>grand</ets>, fr. L. <ets>grandis</ets>; perh. akin to gravis

heavy, E. <ets>grave</ets>, a.  Cf. <er>Grandee</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of large size or extent; great; extensive;

hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; <as>as, a

<ex>grand</ex> mountain; a <ex>grand</ex> army; a <ex>grand</ex>

mistake.</as></def> \'bdOur <xex>grand</xex> foe, Satan.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Making so bold . . . to unseal

Their <qex>grand</qex> commission.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Great in size, and fine or imposing in

appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said

of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of

things); <as>as, a <ex>grand</ex> monarch; a <ex>grand</ex> lord;

a <ex>grand</ex> general; a <ex>grand</ex> view; a <ex>grand</ex>

conception.</as></def>



<q>They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached

masters of the <qex>grand</qex> style.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold. </qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or

importance than other persons or things of the same name; <as>as,

a <ex>grand</ex> lodge; a <ex>grand</ex> vizier; a <ex>grand</ex>

piano, etc.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Standing in the second or some more remote

degree of parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition;

<as>as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc</as>.</def>



<q>What cause

Mov'd our <qex>grand</qex> parents, in that happy state,

Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off

From their Creator.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Grand action</col>, <cd>a pianoforte action, used in

grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain

perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the

string.</cd> -- <col>Grand Army of the Republic</col>, <cd>an

organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union

army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order

has chapters, called <xex>Posts</xex>, throughout the country. --

<col>Grand cross</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The highest rank of

knighthood in the Order of the Bath.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

knight grand cross.</cd> -- <col>Grand cordon</col>, <cd>the

cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in

certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that

grade.</cd> -- <col>Grand days</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>,

<cd>certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in

the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John

Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also <altname>Dies non

juridici</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Grand duchess</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The wife or widow of a grand duke</cd>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her

own right.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>In Russia, a daughter of the

Czar.</cd> -- <col>Grand duke</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A sovereign

duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of

Tuscany.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In Russia, a son of the Czar.</cd>

<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The European great horned

owl or eagle owl (<spn>Bubo maximas</spn>).</cd> --

<mcol><col>Grand-guard</col>, <or/ <col>Grandegarde</col></mcol>,

<cd>a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra

protection for the left shoulder and breast.</cd> -- <col>Grand

juror</col>, <cd>a member of a grand jury.</cd> -- <col>Grand

jury</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a jury of not less than twelve

men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private

session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with

crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of

indictment against them, to be presented to the court; -- called

also <altname>grand inquest</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Grand

juryman</col>, <cd>a grand juror.</cd> -- <col>Grand

larceny</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Larceny</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grand lodge</col>, <cd>the chief

lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret

orders.</cd> -- <col>Grand master</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The

head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the

Templars, Hospitallers, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The head of

the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc.</cd><-- (c) The

highest rank for a chess player, awarded by a national or

international organization of chess players as a result of

winning games of chess against other ranked players in chess

tournaments officially sanctioned by that chess organization,

such as FIDE. By extension, (Figuratively) a person with the

highest level of expertise in some field.  Also "grandmaster".

--> -- <col>Grand paunch</col>, <cd>a glutton or gourmand.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Holland</au>. -- <col>Grand

pensionary</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pensionary</er>.</cd> --

<col>Grand piano</col> <cd><fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a large piano,

usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally

triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is

introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size

of the instrument.</cd> -- <col>Grand relief</col>

<cd><fld>(Sculp.)</fld>, alto relievo.</cd> -- <col>Grand

Seignior</col>. <cd>See under <er>Seignior</er>.</cd> --

<col>Grand stand</col>, <cd>the principal stand, or erection for

spectators, at a, race course, etc.</cd> -- <col>Grand

vicar</col> <cd><fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, a principal vicar; an

ecclesiastical delegate in France.</cd> -- <col>Grand

vizier</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Vizier</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated;

stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble.</syn> <usage> --

Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. <xex>Grand</xex>, in reference to

objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a

sense of vastness and majesty; <xex>magnificent</xex> is applied

to anything which is imposing from its splendor;

<xex>sublime</xex> describes that which is awful and elevating. A

cataract is <xex>grand</xex>; a rich and varied landscape is

<xex>magnificent</xex>; an overhanging precipice is sublime.

\'bd<xex>Grandeur a</xex>dmits of degrees and modifications; but

<xex>magnificence</xex> is that which has already reached the

highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object

in question.\'b8</usage>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Gran"dam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>grande</ets>, fem. of grand + dame. See <er>Grand</er>, and

<er>Dame</er>.]</ety> <def>An old woman; specifically, a

grandmother.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Grand"aunt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>grand'tante</ets>.]</ety> <def>The aunt of one's father or

mother.</def>



<hw>Grand"child"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A son's or

daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.</def>



<hw>Grand"daugh"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

daughter of one's son or daughter.</def>



<hw>Gran*dee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>grande</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>.]</ety> <def>A man of

elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the

first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence.</def>



<hw>Gran*dee"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The rank or estate of

a grandee; lordship.</def>



<au>H. Swinburne.</au>



<hw>Gran"deur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>grand</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or

quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor;

magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of

thought or expression; nobility of action.</def>



<q>Nor doth this <qex>grandeur</qex> and majestic show

Of luxury . . . allure mine eye.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness;

loftiness. See <er>Sublimity</er>.</syn>



<hw>Gran*dev"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>grandaevitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Great age; long life.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Gran*de"vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>grandaevus</ets>; grandig grand+ <ets>aevum</ets> lifetime,

age.]</ety> <def>Of great age; aged; longlived.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Grand"-du"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a grand duke.</def>



<au>H. James.</au>



<hw>Grand"fa"ther</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above

the father or mother in lineal ascent.</def>



<cs><col>Grandfather longlegs</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Dady longlegs</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grand"fa"ther*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a grandfather

in age or manner; kind; benignant; indulgent.</def>



<q>He was a <qex>grandfatherly</qex> sort of personage.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Gran*dif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>grandificus</ets>; grandis <ets>grand</ets> + facere to

make.]</ety> <def>Making great.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Gran*dil"o*quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a bad

sense.</def>



<q>The sin of <qex>grandiloquence</qex> or tall talking.</q>

<qau>Thackeray,</qau>



<hw>Gran*dil"o*quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>grandis</ets> grand + <ets>logui</ets> to speak.]</ety>

<def>Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.</def>



<hw>Gran*dil"o*quous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>grandiloquus</ets>; grandis grand + <ets>loqui</ets> to

apeak.]</ety> <def>Grandiloquent.</def>



<hw>Gran"di*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>grandinosus</ets>, fr. <ets>qrando</ets>,

<ets>grandinis</ets>, hail.]</ety> <def>Consisting of hail;

abounding in hail.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Gran"di*ose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>grandiose</ets>, It. <ets>grandioso</ets>. See

<er>Grand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Impressive or elevating

in effect; vimposing; splendid; striking; -- in a good

sense.</def>



<q>The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order

not to impair the <qex>grandiose</qex> effect of the whole.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<q>The <qex>grandiose</qex> red tulips which grow wild.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by affectation of grandeur or

splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense;

<as>as, a grandiose style</as>.</def>



<hw>Gran"di*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>grandiosit\'82</ets>, It. <ets>grandiosit\'85</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The state or quality of being grandiose,</def>



<hw>Grand"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>granditas</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>granit\'82</ets>. See

<er>Grand</er>.]</ety> <def>Grandness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>Graud"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grand manner.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Grand"ma"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Grand"mam*ma"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A grand mother.</def>



<-- Grandmaster. See grand master. -->



<hw>Grand" mer"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Gramercy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Grand"moth"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

mother of one's father or mother.</def>



<hw>Grand"moth"er*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a grandmother

in age or manner; kind; indulgent.</def>



<hw>Grand"neph"ew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

grandson of one's brother or sister.</def>



<hw>Grand"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Grandeur.</def>



<au>Wollaston.</au>



<hw>Grand"niece"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

granddaughter of one's brother or sister.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Grand"pa"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Grand"pa*pa"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A grandfather.</def>



<hw>Grand"sire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>grantsire</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>, and

<er>Sire</er>.]</ety> <def>Specifically, a grandfather; more

generally, any ancestor.</def>



<hw>Grand"son"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A son's or

daughter's son.</def>



<hw>Graad"un"cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>grand-oncle</ets>.]</ety> <def>father's or mother's

uncle.</def>



<hw>Grane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Groan</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Grange</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>grange</ets> barn, LL. <ets>granea</ets>, from L.

<ets>granum</ets> grain. See <er>Grain</er> a kernel.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A building for storing grain; a granary.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings

for farming purposes.</def>



<q>And eke an officer out for to ride,

To see her <qex>granges</qex> and her bernes wide.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Nor burnt the <qex>grange</qex>, nor bussed the milking

maid.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and

tithes, paid in grain, were deposited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a

distance from neighbors.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An association of farmers, designed to further

their interests, aud particularly to bring producers and

consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial

relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The

first grange was organized in 1867.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Gran"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

farm steward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of a grange.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Gran"ger*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called

from the Rev. James <ets>Granger</ets>, whose \'bdBiographical

History of England\'b8 (1769) was a favorite book for

illustration in this manner.]</ety> <def>The practice of

illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other

books.</def>



<hw>Gran"ger*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of

one book.</def>



<hw>Gran"ger*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To

collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other

books.</def>



<au>G. A. Sala. </au>



<hw>Gra*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>qranifer</ets>; <ets>granum</ets> grain + <ets>ferre</ets>

to bear: cf. F. <ets>granif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing

grain, or seeds like grain.</def>



<au>Humble.</au>



<hw>Gran"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>granum</ets> grain + <ets>-form</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>graniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed like of corn.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gra*nil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

small seed.]</ety> <def>Small grains or dust of cochineal or the

coccus insect.</def>



<hw>Gran"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>granito</ets> granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of

<ets>granire</ets> to make grainy, fr. L. <ets>granum</ets>

grain; cf. F. <ets>granit</ets>. See <er>Grain</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, granular rock, consisting

of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish,

or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica

in planes, and therefor in being destitute of a schistose

structure.</def>



<note><hand/ Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also

the <er>Note</er> under <er>Mica</er>.</note>



<-- p. 645  -->



<cs><col>Gneissoid granite</col>, <cd>granite in which the mica

has traces of a regular arrangement.</cd> -- <col>Graphic

granite</col>, <cd>granite consisting of quartz and feldspar

without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the

transverse section like oriental characters.</cd> --

<col>Porphyritic granite</col>, <cd>granite containing feldspar

in distinct crystals.</cd> -- <col>Hornblende granite</col>, or

<col>Syenitic granite</col>, <cd>granite containing hornblende as

well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende

replacing the mica.</cd> -- <col>Granite ware</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A kind of stoneware.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A Kind of

ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gra*nit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

granitique.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like granite in composition,

color, etc.; having the nature of granite; <as>as, granitic

texture</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of granite; <as>as, granitic

mountains</as>.</def>



<hw>Gra*nit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Granitic.</def>



<hw>Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Granite</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to

make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or the process of

forming into granite.</def>



<au>Humble.</au>



<hw>Gra*nit"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Granite</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Resembling granite in structure or

shape.</def>



<hw>Gran"i*toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Granite</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>granito\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling granite in

granular appearance; <as>as, <ex>granitoid</ex> gneiss; a

<ex>granitoid</ex> pavement.</as></def>



<hw>Gra*niv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>granum</ets> grain + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour: cf. F.

<ets>granivore</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eating grain; feeding or

subsisting on seeds; <as>as, granivorous birds</as>.</def>

<-- seed-eating.

   not same as graminivorous? = feeding on grass or the seeds of

grass.  latter is for beasts. -->



<au>Gay.</au>



<hw>Gran"nam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

grandam.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gran"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A grandmother;

a grandam; familiarly, an old woman.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Granny's bend</col>, <or/ <col>Granny's

knot</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of insecure knot

or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gran`o*lith"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>granum</ets> a grain (or E. <ets>granite</ets>) + <ets>-lith

+ -ic</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of hard artificial stone, used

for pavements.</def>



<hw>Grant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Granted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Granting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>graunten</ets>, <ets>granten</ets>, OF. <ets>graanter</ets>,

<ets>craanter</ets>, <ets>creanter</ets>, to promise, yield, LL.

<ets>creantare</ets> to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.)

credentare to make believe, fr. L. <ets>credens</ets>, <ets>p.

pr.</ets> of credere to believe. See <er>Creed</er>,

<er>Credit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give over; to make

conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; --

usually in answer to petition.</def>



<q><qex>Grant</qex> me the place of this threshing floor.</q>

<qau>1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bestow or confer, with or without

compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to

give.</def>



<q>Wherefore did God <qex>grant</qex> me my request.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily

proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.</def>



<q><qex>Grant</qex> that the Fates have firmed by their

decree.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit;

allow; concede. See <er>Give</er>.</def><syn>



<hw>Grant</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To assent; to

consent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Grant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>grant</ets>,

<ets>graunt</ets>, OF. <ets>graant</ets>, <ets>creant</ets>,

promise, assurance. See <er>Grant</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring;

concession; allowance; permission.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The yielding or admission of something in

dispute.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The thing or property granted; a gift; a

boon.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A transfer of property by deed

or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by

the government; <as>as, a <ex>grant</ex> of land or of

money</as>; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is

made.</def>



<note><hand/ Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically

applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant

estates, and letters patent from government and such is its

present application in some of the United States. But now, in

England the usual mode of transferring realty is by

<xex>grant</xex>; and so, in some of the United States, the term

<xex>grant</xex> is applied to conveyances of every kind of real

property.</note>



<au>Bouvier. Burrill.</au>



<hw>Grant"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being granted.</def>



<hw>Gran*tee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.</def>



<q>His grace will not survive the poor <qex>grantee</qex> he

despises.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Grant"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

grants.</def>



<hw>Grant"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.</def>



<hw>Gran"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>granulaire</ets>. See <er>Granule</er>.]</ety>

<def>Consisting of, or resembling, grains; <as>as, a granular

substance</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Granular limestone</col>, <cd>crystalline limestone, or

marble, having a granular structure.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gran"u*lar*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

granular form.</def>



<hw>Gran"u*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Granular.</def>



<hw>Gran"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Granulated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Granulating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Granule</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To form into grains or small masses; <as>as, to

granulate powder, sugar, or metal</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To raise in granules or small asperities; to

make rough on the surface.</def>



<hw>Gran"u*late</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To collect or be

formed into grains; <as>as, cane juice <ex>granulates</ex> into

sugar</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gran"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gran"u*la`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting

of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular;

<as>as, <ex>granulated</ex> sugar</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having numerous small elevations, as

shagreen.</def>



<cs><col>Granulated steel</col>, <cd>a variety of steel made by a

particular process beginning with the granulation of pig

iron.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gran`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>granulation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of forming or crystallizing into grains; <as>as, the

<ex>granulation</ex> of powder and sugar</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being granulated.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the small,

red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of

wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of

healing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act or process of the

formation of such prominences.</def>



<hw>Gran"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>granulum</ets>, dim. of granum grain: cf. F.

<ets>granule</ets>. See <er>Grain</er> a kernel.]</ety> <def>A

little grain a small particle; a pellet.</def>



<hw>Gran`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Granule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full

of granulations.</def>



<hw>Gra*nu"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Granule</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having a granular structure; granular;

<as>as, granuliform limestone</as>.</def>



<hw>Gran"u*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Granule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A whitish,

granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately

mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.</def>



<hw>Gran"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Granule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The

main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction

from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored

blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by

boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.</def>



<hw>Gran"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>granuleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of grains; abounding with

granular substances; granular.</def>



<hw>Grape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>grape</ets>, <ets>crape</ets>, bunch or cluster of grapes,

F. <ets>grappe</ets>, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG.

chrapfo hook, G. <ets>krapfen</ets>, akin to E. <ets>cramp</ets>.

The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf.

<er>Agraffe</er>, <er>Cramp</er>, <er>Grapnel</er>,

<er>Grapple</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on

the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp,

and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for

making wine and raisins.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant which bears this

fruit; the grapevine.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A mangy tumor on the leg of a

horse.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Grapeshot.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Grape borer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Vine borer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grape curculio</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld><cd>, a minute black weevil (<spn>Craponius

in\'91qualis</spn>) which in the larval state eats the interior

of grapes.</cd> -- <col>Grape flower</col>, <or/ <col>Grape

hyacinth</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a liliaceous plant

(<spn>Muscari racemosum<spn>) with small blue globular flowers in

a dense raceme.</cd> -- <col>Grape fungus</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fungus (<spn>Oidium Tuckeri</spn>) on

grapevines; vine mildew.</cd> -- <col>Grape hopper</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Small yellow and red hemipterous

insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine.</cd>

-- <col>Grape moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small moth

(<spn>Eudemis botrana</spn>), which in the larval state eats the

interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk.</cd>

-- <col>Grape of a cannon</col>, <cd>the cascabel or knob at the

breech.</cd> -- <col>Grape sugar</col>. <cd>See

<er>Glucose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grape worm</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the grape moth.</cd> --

<col>Soar grapes</col>, <cd>things which persons affect to

despise because they can not possess them; -- in allusion to

<AE/sop's fable of the fox and the grapes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grape" fruit`</hw>. <def>The shaddock.</def>



<hw>Grape"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wanting grapes or the

flavor of grapes.</def>



<hw>Grap"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A building or

inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.</def>



<hw>Grape"shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A cluster, usually nine in number, of

small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular

plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central

connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon.

Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.</def>



<hw>Grape"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A seed of

the grape.</def>



<hw>Grape"vine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus

<spn>Vitis</spn>, having small green flowers and lobed leaves,

and bearing the fruit called <xex>grapes</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ The common grapevine of the Old World is <spn>Vitis

vinifera</spn>, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety

is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called <spn>Zante

currants</spn>. The northern <xex>Fox grape</xex> of the United

States is the <spn>V. Labrusca</spn>, from which, by cultivation,

has come the <spn>Isabella</spn> variety. The southern <xex>Fox

grape</xex>, or <xex>Muscadine</xex>, is the <spn>V.

vulpina</spn>. The <xex>Frost grape</xex> is <spn>V.

cordifolia</spn>, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens

after the early frosts.</note>



<hw>-graph</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[From Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk>

to write. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> A suffix signifying

<xex>something written</xex>, <xex>a writing</xex>; also, <xex>a

writer</xex>; as auto<xex>graph</xex>, crysto<xex>graph</xex>,

tele<xex>graph</xex>, photo<xex>graph</xex>.



<mhw>{ <hw>Graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Graph"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>graphicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to write; cf. F.

<ets>graphique</ets>. See</pos> <er>Graft</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and

drawing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the art of writing.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Written or engraved; formed of letters or

lines.</def>



<q>The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works,

not graphical, or composed of letters.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne. </qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Well delineated; clearly and vividly

described.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having the faculty of, or characterized by,

clear and impressive description; vivid; <as>as, a gruphic

writer</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Graphic algebra</col><cd>, a branch of algebra in which,

the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and

straight lines.</cd> -- <col>Graphic arts</col>, <cd>a name given

to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a fiat

surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc.,

and also from sculpture.</cd> -- <col>Graphic formula</col>.

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Formula</er>.</cd> --

<col>Graphic granite</col>. <cd>See under <er>Granite</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Graphic method</col>, <cd>the method of scientific

analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws

involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means

of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by

means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of

the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of

temperature.</cd> -- <col>Graphical statics</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a branch of statics, in which the

magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by

straight lines -- <col>Graphic tellurium</col>.</cd> <cd>See

<er>Sylvanite</er>.</cd>></cs>



<hw>Graph"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

graphic manner; vividly.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Graph"ic*ness</hw>, <hw>Graph"ic*al*ness</hw>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being graphic.</def>



<hw>Graph"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or

the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical

rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.</def>



<hw>Graph"i*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Graphoscope</er>.</def>



<hw>Graph"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to

write: cf. F. <ets>graphite</ets>. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also

foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster,

and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils

(improperly called <xex>lead pencils</xex>), for crucibles, and

as a lubricator, etc. Often called <xex>plumbago</xex> or

<xex>black lead</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Graphite battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a voltaic

battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other

exciting liquid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gra*phit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite.</def>



<cs><col>Graphitic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic

acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; --

usually called mellitic acid.</cd> -- <col>Graphitic

carbon</col></mcol>, <cd>in iron or steel, that portion of the

carbon which is present as graphite.</cd></cs>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Graph"i*toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Graph"i*toid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Resembling graphite or plumbago.</def>



<hw>Graph"o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to write + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>grapholithe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any species of slate suitable

to be written on.</def>



<hw>Gra*phol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to write + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>graphologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of judging of a

person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his

handwriting.</def>



<hw>Graph"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to write + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An optical instrument

for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one

large lens and two smaller ones.</def>



<hw>Graph"o*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to write + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>A

process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that

it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is

pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design

is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface

wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or

brushed, leaving the lines in relief.</def>



<hw>-gra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ write. See

<er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix denoting the art of

writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a

treatise; <as>as, calligraphy, biography, geography</as>.</def>



<hw>Grap"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>grapenel</ets>, dim. fr. F. <ets>grappin t</ets>he grapple

of a ship; of German origin. See <er>Grape</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small anchor, with four or five flukes

or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any

instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab;

-- written also <xex>grapline</xex>, and

<xex>crapnel</xex>.</def>



<hw>Grap"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grappled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Grappling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>grappiller</ets>, OF.

<ets>graypil</ets> the grapple of a ship, fr. <ets>graper</ets>

to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See

<er>Grape</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To seize; to lay fast

hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an

antagonist.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join

indissolubly.</def>



<q>The gallies were <qex>grappled</qex> to the Centurion.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<q><qex>Grapple</qex> them to thy soul with hoops of steel.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Grap"ple</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use a grapple; to

contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple,

as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another.</def>



<cs><col>To grapple with</col>, <cd>to enter into contest with,

resolutely and courageously.</cd></cs>



<q>And in my standard bear the arms of York,

To <qex>grapple</qex> with the house of Lancaster.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Grap"ple</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See Grapple, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, and cf. Crapple.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A seizing or

seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument, usually with hinged

claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A grappling iron.</def>



<q>The iron hooks and <qex>grapples</qex> keen.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<cs><col>Grapple plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a South

African herb (<spn>Herpagophytum leptocarpum</spn>) having the

woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which

they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance.</cd> --

<col>Grapple shot</col> <fld>(Life-saving Service)</fld>, <cd>a

projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a

ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; -- called also

<altname>anchor shot</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grapple*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

grappling; close fight or embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<-- p. 646 -->



<hw>Grap"pling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is

seized and held, a grapnel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grapple; a struggle.  A match for yards in

fight, in grappling for the bear.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>Grappling iron</col>, <cd>a hooked iron used for

grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object.</cd> --

<col>Grappling tongs</col>, <cd>broad-mouthed tongs for gathering

oysters.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grap"soid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL. Grapsus

+ <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to the genus Grapsus or the family <er>Grapsid\'91</er>.</def> -- 

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A grapsoid crab.</def></def2>



<hw>Grap"to*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL,

Graptolithus, from Gr.  <?/ is engraved, written (<?/ to write) +

<?/  stone.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of numerous

species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus

<spn>Graptolites</spn> and allied genera, found in the Silurian

rocks. They belong to an extinct group (<spn>Graptolithina</spn>)

supposed to be hydroids.</def>



<hw>Grap"to*lit`ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; <as>as, a

graptolitic slate</as>.</def>



<hw>Grap"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Composed of, or

resembling, grapes.</def>



<q>The <qex>grapy</qex> clusters.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Grasp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grasper</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Qraspine</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>graspen</ets>;

prob.  akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope.  Cf. <er>Grab</er>,

<er>Grope</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To seize and hold by

clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take

possession of.</def>



<q>Thy hand is made to <qex>grasp</qex> a palmer's staff.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lay hold of with the mind; to become

thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.</def>



<hw>Grasp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To effect a grasp; to make

the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive.</def>



<q>As one that <qex>grasped</qex> And tugged for life and was by

strength subdued.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To grasp at</col>, <cd>to catch at; to try to seize; as,

Alexander grasped at universal empire,</cd></cs>



<hw>Grasp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A gripe or seizure

of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the

arms.</def> \'bdThe grasps of love.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing

and holding; <as>as, it was beyond his grasp</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Forcible possession; hold.</def>



<q>The whole space that's in the tyrant's <qex>grasp</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend

subjects and hold them under survey.</def>



<q>The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of

<qex>grasp</qex>, equal to their predecessors.</q>

<qau>Z. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The handle of a sword or of an oar.</def>



<hw>Grasp"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being grasped.</def>



<hw>Graap"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who grasps

or seizes; one who catches or holds.</def>



<hw>Grasp"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Seizing;

embracing; catching.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close;

miserly; <as>as, he is a grasping man</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Grasp"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>  --

<wf>Grasp"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Grasp"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a grasp;

relaxed.</def>



<q>From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Grass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gras</ets>, <ets>gres</ets>, <ets>gers</ets>, AS,

<ets>qr<?/s</ets>, <ets>g<?/rs</ets>; akin to OFries.

<ets>gres</ets>, <ets>gers</ets>, OS., D., G., Icel., &  Goth.

<ets>gras</ets>, Dan. <ets>gr<?/s</ets>, Sw. <ets>gr<?/s</ets>,

and prob. to Z. <ets>grcen</ets>, grow. Cf.

<er>Graze</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Popularly: Herbage; the

plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts;

pasture.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An endogenous plant having

simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or

glumes in pairs, and the seed single.</def>



<note><hand/ This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley,

etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are

commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous

family of plants.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The season of fresh grass; spring.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Two years old next <qex>grass</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lathsm.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Metaphorically used for what is

transitory.</def>



<q>Surely the people is <qex>grass</qex>.</q>

<qau>Is. xl. 7.</qau>



<note><hand/ The following list includes most of the grasses of

the United States of special interest, except cereals.  Many of

these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See

Illustrations in Appendix.</note>



<subtypes>

<stype>Barnyard grass</stype>, <cd>for hay. South. <spn>Panicum

Grus-galli</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Bent</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. <spn>Agrostis</spn>,

several species.</cd>



<stype>Bermuda grass</stype>, <cd>pasture. South. <spn>Cynodon

Dactylon</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Black bent</stype>. <cd>Same as <xex>Switch grass<xex>

(below).</cd>



<stype>Blue bent</stype>, <cd>hay. North and West.

<spn>Andropogon provincialis</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Blue grass</stype>, <cd>pasture. <spn>Poa

compressa</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Blue joint</stype>, <cd>hay. Northwest. <spn>Aqropyrum

glaucum</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Buffalo grass</stype>, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd><spn>Buchlo\'89 dectyloides</spn></cd>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same as <cref>Grama grass</cref> (below).</cd>

<-- here spelled "gramma" in original -->



<stype>Bunch grass</stype>, <cd>grazing. Far West.

<spn>Eriocoma</spn>, <spn>Festuca</spn>, <spn>Stips</spn>,

etc.</cd>



<mstype><stype>Chess</stype>, <or/ <stype>Cheat</stype></mstype>,

<cd>a weed. <spn>Bromus secalinus</spn>, etc.</cd>



<stype>Couch grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <spn>Quick grass</spn>

(below).</cd>



<stype>Crab grass</stype>, <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Hay, in South. A

weed, in North. <spn>Panicum sanguinale</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>Pasture and hay. South. <spn>Eleusine Indica</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Darnel</stype> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Bearded, a noxious weed.

<spn>Lolium temulentum</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Common. Same

as <spn>Rye grass</spn> (below).</cd>



<stype>Drop seed</stype>, <cd>fair for forage and hay.

<spn>Muhlenbergia</spn>, several species.</cd>



<stype>English grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <spn>Redtop</spn>

(below).</cd>



<stype>Fowl meadow grass</stype>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Pasture and

hay. <spn>Poa serotina</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Hay, on moist

land. <spn>Gryceria nervata</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Gama grass</stype>, <cd>cut fodder. South. <spn>Tripsacum

dactyloides</spn>.</cd>



<-- spelled here (as in modern dictionaries) "Grama" in original,

but references are to "gramma" -->

<stype>Grama grass</stype>, <cd>grazing. West and Pacific slope.

<spn>Bouteloua oligostachya</spn>, etc.</cd>



<stype>Great bunch grass</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. Far West.

<spn>Festuca scabrella</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Guinea grass</stype>, <cd>hay. South. <spn>Panicum

jumentorum</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Herd's grass</stype>, <cd>in New England

<xex>Timothy<xex>, in Pennsylvania and South

<xex>Redtop<xex>.</cd>



<stype>Indian grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <xex>Wood grass<xex>

(below).</cd>



<stype>Italian rye grass</stype>, <cd>forage and hay. <spn>Lolium

Italicum</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Johnson grass</stype>, <cd>grazing aud hay. South and

Southwest. <spn>Sorghum Halepense</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Kentucky blue grass</stype>, <cd>pasture. <spn>Poa

pratensis</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Lyme grass</stype>, <cd>coarse hay. South.

<spn>Elymus</spn>, several species.</cd>



<stype>Manna grass</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay.

<spn>Glyceria</spn>, several species.</cd>



<stype>Meadow fescue</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. <spn>Festuca

elatior</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Meadow foxtail</stype>, <cd>pasture, hay, lawn. North.

<spn>Alopecurus pratensis</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Meadow grass</stype>, <cd>pasture, hay, lawn.

<spn>Poa</spn>, several species.</cd>



<mstype><stype>Mesquite, <or/ Muskit</stype>

<stype>grass</stype></mstype>. <cd>Same as <cref>Grama

grass</cref> (above).</cd>

<-- here spelled "gramma" in original -->



<stype>Nimble Will</stype>, <cd>a kind of drop seed.

<spn>Muhlenbergia diffsa</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Orchard grass</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. <spn>Dactylis

glomerata</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Porcupine grass</stype>, <cd>troublesome to sheep.

Northwest. <spn>Stipa spartea</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Quaking grass</stype>, <cd>ornamental. <spn>Briza

media</spn> and <spn>maxima</spn>.</cd>



<mstype><stype>Quitch</stype>, <stype>or Quick</stype>,

<stype>grass</stype></mstype>, <cd>etc., a weed. <spn>Agropyrum

repens</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Ray grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <cref>Rye grass</cref>

(below).</cd>



<stype>Redtop</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. <spn>Agrostis

vulgaris</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Red-topped buffalo grass</stype>, <cd>forage. Northwest.

<spn>Poa tenuifolia</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Reed canary grass</stype>, <cd>of slight value.

<spn>Phalaris arundinacea</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Reed meadow grass</stype>, <cd>hay. North. <spn>Glyceria

aquatica</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Ribbon grass</stype>, <cd>a striped leaved form of

<cref>Reed canary grass</cref>.</cd>



<stype>Rye grass</stype>, <cd>pasture, hay. <spn>Lolium

perenne</spn>, <it>var.<it></cd>



<stype>Seneca grass</stype>, <cd>fragrant basket work, etc.

North. <spn>Hierochloa borealis</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Sesame grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <cref>Gama grass</cref>

(above).</cd>



<stype>Sheep's fescue</stype>, <cd>sheep pasture, native in

Northern Europe and Asia. <spn>Festuca ovina</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Small reed grass</stype>, <cd>meadow pasture and hay.

North. <spn>Deyeuxia Canadensis</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Spear grass</stype>, <cd>Same as <cref>Meadow grass</cref>

(above).</cd>



<stype>Squirrel-tail grass</stype>, <cd>troublesome to animals.

Seacoast and Northwest. <spn>Hordeum jubatum</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Switch grass</stype>, <cd>hay, cut young. <spn>Panicum

virgatum</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Timothy</stype>, <cd>cut young, the best of hay. North.

<spn>Phleum pratense</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Velvet grass</stype>, <cd>hay on poor soil. South.

<spn>Holcus lanatus</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Vernal grass</stype>, <cd>pasture, hay, lawn.

<spn>Anthoxanthum odoratum</spn>.</cd>



<stype>Wire grass</stype>, <cd>valuable in pastures. <spn>Poa

compressa</spn>.</cd>



<mstype><stype>Wood grass</stype>, <stype>Indian

grass</stype></mstype>, <cd>hay. <spn>Chrysopogon

nutans</spn>.</cd>

</subtypes>



<note><hand/ Many plants are popularly called grasses which are

not true grasses botanically considered, such as black

<ex>grass</ex>, goose <ex>grass</ex>, star <ex>grass</ex>,

etc.</note>



<cs><col>Black grass</col>, <cd>a kind of small rush (<spn>Juncus

Gerardi</spn>), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt

hay.</cd>  -- <col>Grass of the Andes</col>, <cd>an oat grass,

the <spn>Arrhenatherum avenaceum</spn> of Europe.</cd>--

<col>Grass of Parnassus</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus

<spn>Parnassia</spn> growing in wet ground. The European species

is <spn>P. palustris</spn>; in the United States there are

several species.</cd> -- <col>Grass bass</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the calico bass.</cd> -- <col>Grass

bird</col>, <cd>the dunlin.</cd> -- <col>Grass cloth</col>, <cd>a

cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant.</cd>

-- <col>Grass-cloth plant</col>, <cd>a perennial herb of the

Nettle family (<spn>B\'d2hmeria nivea or Urtica nivea</spn>),

which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has

fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes.</cd>  --

<col>Grass finch</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> A

common American sparrow  (<spn>Po\'94c\'91tes gramineus</spn>);

-- called also <cref>vesper sparrow</cref> and <cref>bay-winged

bunting</cref>. <sd>(b)</sd> Any Australian finch, of the genus

<spn>Po\'89phila</spn>, of which several species are known.</cd> 

-- <col>Grass lamb</col>, <cd>a lamb suckled by a dam running on

pasture land and giving rich milk.</cd>-- <col>Grass land</col>,

<cd>land kept in grass and not tilled.</cd> --  <col>Grass

moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of many small moths of

the genus <spn>Crambus</spn>, found in grass.</cd> -- <col>Grass

oil</col>, <cd>a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in

India from grasses of the genus <spn>Andropogon</spn>, etc.; --

used in perfumery under the name of

<altname>citronella</altname>, <altname>ginger grass

oil</altname>, <altname>lemon grass oil</altname>,

<altname>essence of verbena</altname> etc.</cd> -- <col>Grass

owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, a <cd>South African owl 

(<spn>Strix Capensis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Grass parrakeet</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, a<cd>ny of several species of Australian

parrots, of the genus <spn>Euphemia</spn>; --  also applied to

the zebra parrakeet.</cd> -- <col>Grass plover</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, t<cd>he upland or field plover.</cd> --

<col>Grass poly</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, a <cd>species of

willowwort (<spn>Lythrum Hyssopifolia</spn>).

<au>Johnson</au>.</cd> -- <col>Crass quit</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, o<cd>ne of several tropical American

finches of the genus <spn>Euetheia</spn>. The males have most of

the head and chest black and often marked with yellow.</cd>--

<col>Grass snake</col>.  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>The common English, or ringed, snake (<spn>Tropidonotus

natrix</spn>).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The common green snake of

the Northern United States. See <cref>Green snake</cref>, under

<er>Green</er>.</cd>  -- <col>Grass snipe</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pectoral sandpiper (<spn>Tringa

maculata</spn>) -- called also <altname>jacksnipe</altname> in

America.</cd> -- <col>Grass spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a common spider (<spn>Agelena n\'91via</spn>), which spins

flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew.</cd> --

<col>Grass sponge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an inferior

kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas.</cd> -- 

<col>Grass table</col>. <cd><fld>(Arch.)</fld> See <cref>Earth

table</cref>, under <er>Earth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grass

vetch</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, a vetch (<spn>Lathyrus

Nissolia</spn>), with narrow grasslike leaves.</cd> -- <col>Grass

widow</col>.  <ety>[Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G.

<ets>strohwittwe</ets> a mock widow, Sw.  <ets>gr\'84senka</ets>

a grass widow.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An unmarried woman who is

a mother. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A woman

separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a

woman living apart from her husband. <mark>[Slang.]</mark></cd>

-- <col>Grass wrack</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>eelgrass.</cd> --

<col>To bring to grass</col> <fld>(Mining.)</fld>, <cd>to raise,

as ore, to the surface of the ground.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put

to grass</col>, <col>To put out to grass</col></mcol>, <cd>to put

out to graze a season, as cattle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grassed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Grassing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with

grass or with turf.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching,

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bring to the grass or ground; to land;

<as>as, to grass a fish</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Grass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To produce

grass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Tusser>/au>.



<hw>Gras*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>grassatio</ets>, from grassari to go about.]</ety> <def>A

wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting.</def>

<mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Grass"-green`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Green with grass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the color of grass; clear and vivid

green.</def>



<hw>Grass"-grown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Overgrown

with grass; <as>as, a grass-grown road</as>.</def>



<hw>Grass"hop`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of

the families <spn>Acridid\'91</spn> and <spn>Locustid\'91</spn>.

The species and genera are very numerous.  The former family

includes the Western grasshopper or locust (<spn>Caloptenus

spretus</spn>), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the

region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the

red-legged (<spn>Caloptenus femurrubrum</spn> and <spn>C.

atlanis</spn>) are closely related species, but their ravages are

less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts

of the Old World. See <er>Locust</er>.</def>

<-- atlanis in original. Atlantis? -->



<note><hand/ The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the

<spn>Locustid\'91</spn>. They have long antenn\'91, large

ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in

the male. The European great green grasshopper (<spn>Locusta

viridissima</spn>) belongs to this family. The common American

green species mostly belong to <spn>Xiphidium</spn>,

<spn>Orchelimum</spn>, and <spn>Conocephalus</spn>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In ordinary square or upright pianos of London

make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken

out and replaced with the key; -- called also the

<altname>hopper.</altname></def>



<au>Grove.</au>



<cs><col>Grasshopper engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine having a

working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at

the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate

point.</cd> -- <col>Grasshopper lobster</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a young lobster.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.

S.]</mark> -- <col>Grasshopper warbler</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>cricket bird.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grass"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

Grassy.]</ety> <def>The state of abounding with grass; a grassy

state.</def>



<hw>Grass"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of grass.</def>



<hw>Grass"plot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plot or

space covered with grass; a lawn.</def> \'bdHere on this

grassplot.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Grass" tree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An Australian plant of the genus

<spn>Xanthorrh\'d2a</spn>, having a thick trunk crowned with a

dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of

which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower

spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are

often called \'bdblackboys\'b8 from the large trunks denuded and

blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called

<cref>Botany-bay gum</cref>, and <cref>Gum

Acaroides</cref>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A similar Australian

plant (<spn>Kingia australis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Grass"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Covered with grass; abounding with grass; <as>as, a grassy

lawn</as>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling grass; green.</def>



<hw>Grate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. gratus

agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf.

Agree.]</ety> <def>Serving to gratify; agreeable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Grate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.. grata, fr. L. crates

hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate,

Hurdle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A structure or frame containing

parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework,

such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters.</def>

\'bdA secret grate of iron bars.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars,

for holding fuel while burning.</def>



<cs><col>Grate surface</col> <fld>(Steam, Boiler)</fld> <cd>the

area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the

furnace.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Grated</er>; <pos>p. pr. &. vb. n.</pos>

<er>Grating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with grates; to

protect with a grating or crossbars; <as>as, to grate a

window</as>.</def>



<hw>Grate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF <ets>grater</ets> to

scrape, scratch, F. <ets>gratter</ets>, LL. <ets>gratare</ets>,

<ets>cratare</ets>; of German origin; cf. OHG.

<ets>chrazz<omac/n</ets> G. <ets>kratzen</ets>, D.

<ets>krassen</ets>, Sw. <ets>Kratta</ets>, and perh. E.

<ets>scratch.</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub roughly or

harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound;

<as>as, to <ex>grate</ex> the teeth</as>; to produce (a harsh

sound) by rubbing.</def>



<q>On their hinges <qex>grate</qex>

Harsh thunder.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reduce to small particles by rubbing with

anything rough or indented; <as>as, to <ex>grate</ex> a

nutmeg</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fret; to irritate; to offend.</def>



<q>News, my good lord Rome . . . <qex>grates</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Grate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a harsh

sound by friction.</def>



<q>I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned,

Or a dry wheel <qex>grate</qex> on the exletree.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard

rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To

produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression

or importunity.</def>



<q>This <qex>grated</qex> harder upon the hearts of men.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<-- p. 647  this page badly done

 -- in need of careful proofing -->



<hw>Grat"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 2d

<er>Grate</er>.]</ety> <def>Furnished with a grate or grating;

<as>as, <ex>grated</ex> windows</as>.</def>



<hw>Grate"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Grate</ets>, <pos>a</pos>. + <ets>full</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>gr\'82</ets> thanks, good will, fr. L. <ets>gratum</ets>,

neut. of <ets>gratus</ets> agreeable, grateful. See

<er>Grate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a

due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from

whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay,

or give thanks for, benefits; <as>as, a <ex>grateful</ex>

heart</as>.</def>



<q>A <qex>grateful</qex> mind

By owing, owes not, but still pays.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses;

gratifying; delicious; <as>as, a <ex>grateful</ex> present; food

<ex>grateful</ex> to the palate; <ex>grateful</ex>

sleep</as>.</def>



<q>Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine,

And <qex>grateful</qex> clusters swell.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying;

agreeable; welcome; delightful; delicious.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Grate"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Grate"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Grat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From Qrate,

v.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, grates; especially, an

instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing

off small particles of any substance; <as>as a <ex>grater</ex>

for nutmegs</as>.</def>



<hw>Gra*tic"u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>graticulation</ets>, <ets>craticulation</ets>, fr.

<ets>graticuler</ets>, <ets>craticuler</ets>, to square, fr.

<ets>graticule</ets>, <ets>craticule</ets>, graticule, L.

<ets>craticula</ets>, dim. of <ets>crates</ets> wickerwork. See

2d <er>Grate</er>.]</ety> <def>The division of a design or

draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in

larger or smaller dimensions.</def>



<hw>Grat"i*cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Graticulation.</er>]</ety> <def>A design or draught which has

been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other

dimensions.</def>



<hw>Grat"i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or

the appetite; <as>as, the <ex>gratification</ex> of the palate,

of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the

heart</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which affords pleasure; satisfaction;

enjoyment; fruition: delight.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. </def>



<au>Bp. Morton.</au>



<hw>Glat"i*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pleased;

indulged according to desire.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Glad; pleased. See <er>Glad.</er></syn>



<hw>Grat"i*fi"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gratifies or pleases.</def>



<hw>Grat"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gratified</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>. <er>Gratifying</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gratifier</ets>, L.

<ets>gratificari</ets>; <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing +

<ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to

soothe; to indulge; <as>as, to <ex>gratify</ex> the taste, the

appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc</as>.</def>



<q>For who would die to <qex>gratify</qex> a foe?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To requite; to recompense.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It remains . . . 

To <qex>gratify</qex> his noble service.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite;

recompense.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Gratify</er>,

<er>Indulge</er>, <er>Humor.</er> <xex>Gratify</xex>, is the

generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure

communicated. To <xex>indulge</xex> a person implies that we

concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could

not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To

<xex>humor</xex> is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and,

perhaps, caprices, of others.  We <xex>gratify</xex> a child by

showing him the sights of a large city; we <xex>indulge</xex> him

in some extra expense on such an occasion; we <xex>humor</xex>

him when he is tired and exacting.</usage>



<hw>Grat"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

Grate.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A partition, covering, or frame of

parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate;

<as>as, the <ex>grating</ex> of a prison or convent</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>(Optics) A system of close equidistant and

parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a

polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; --

called also <altname>diffraction grating</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to

cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice

used for the flooring of boats.</def>



<hw>Grat"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See Grate to rub

harshy.]</ety> <def>That grates; making a harsh sound;

harsh.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Grat"ing*ly</wf>, adv.</wordforms>



<hw>Grat"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A harsh sound caused by

attrition.</def>



<hw>Gra*ti"o*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the essential principles of the

hedge hyssop (<spn>Gratiola officinalis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Gra"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L., contr.

fr. <ets>gratiis</ets> out of favor or kindness, without

recompense, for nothing, fr. <ets>gratia</ets> favor. See

<er>Grace.</er>]</ety> <def>For nothing; without fee or

recompense; freely; gratuitously.</def>



<hw>Grat"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gratitude</ets>, LL. <ets>gratitudo</ets>, from

<ets>gratus</ets> agreeable, grateful. See <er>Grate</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The state of being grateful; warm and

friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a

favor received; thankfulness.</def>



<q>The debt immense of endless <qex>gratitude.</qex></q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Gra*tu"i*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gratuitus</ets>, from <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing. See

<er>Grate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Gratis.</er>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Given without an equivalent or recompense;

conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or

without claim or merit; not required by justice.</def>



<q>We mistake the <qex>gratuitous</qex> blessings of Heaven for

the fruits of our own industry.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not called for by the circumstances; without

reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good

ground; <as>as, a <ex>gratuitous</ex> assumption</as>.</def>



<q>Acts of <qex>gratuitous</qex> self-humiliation.</q>

<qau>De Quincye.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Gra*tu"i*tous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Gra*tu"i*tous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gra*tu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gtratuities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>gratuit\'82</ets>, or LL. <ets>gratuitas</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Something given freely or without recompense; a

free gift; a present.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something voluntarily given in return for a

favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment.</def>

<-- usually money.  In particular, the money given to a waiter,

cab driver, bellhop, etc. as a reward for good service  = tip -->



<hw>Grat"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grqatulated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gratulating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>gratulatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>gratulari</ets> to congratulate, fr. <ets>gratus</ets>

pleasing, agreeable. See <er>Grate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Grat"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Worthy of

gratulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There's more behind that is more <qex>gratulate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Grat"u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

gratulatio.]</ety> <def>The act of gratulating or felicitating;

congratulation.</def>



<q>I shall turn my wishes into <qex>gratulations.</qex></q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Grat"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

gratulatorius.]</ety> <def>Expressing gratulation or joy;

congratulatory.</def>



<q>The usual groundwork of such <qex>gratulatory</qex> odes.</q>

<qau>Bp. Horsley.</qau>



<hw>Graunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Grant.</er>

<au>Chaucer.</au></def>



<hw>\'d8Grau"wack*e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[G.]</ety> <def>Graywacke.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gra*va"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Gravamina </plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Gravamens</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>gravare</ets> to load,

burden, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy, weighty. See <er>Grave</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The grievance

complained of; the substantial cause of the action; also, in

general, the ground or essence of a complaint. Bouvier.</def>



<hw>-grave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A final syllable signifying a

ruler, as in landgrave, margrave. See <er>Margrave.</er></def>



<hw>Grave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>(Naut.) To

clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay

it over with pitch; -- so called because <xex>graves</xex> or

<xex>greaves</xex> was formerly used for this purpose.</def>



<hw>Grave</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Graver</er> <pr>(gr<amac/v"<etil/r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Gravest.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>gravis</ets>

heavy; cf. It. & Sp. <ets>grave</ets> heavy, grave. See

<er>Grief.</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of great weight; heavy;

ponderous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His shield <qex>grave</qex> and great.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential;

sedate; serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; <as>as,

<ex>grave</ex> deportment, character, influence, etc</as>.</def>



<q>Most potent, <qex>grave</qex>, and reverend seigniors.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A <qex>grave</qex> and prudent law, full of moral equity.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; <as>as,

a <ex>grave</ex> color; a <ex>grave</ex> face</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>(Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; --

said of sound; <as>as, a <ex>grave</ex> note or key</as>.</def>



<q>The thicker the cord or string, the more <qex>grave</qex> is

the note or tone.</q>

<qau>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Slow and solemn in movement.</def>



<cs><col>Grave accent</col>. <cd>(Pron.) See the Note under

<er>Accent</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure;

thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important.</syn> <usage>

--  <er>Grave</er>, <er>Sober</er>, <er>Serious</er>,

<er>Solemn.</er> <xex>Sober</xex> supposes the absence of all

exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to <ref>gay</ref> or

<ref>flighty</ref>; <as>as, <ex>sober</ex> thought</as>.

<xex>Serious</xex> implies considerateness or reflection, and is

opposed to <ref>jocose</ref> or <ref>sportive</ref>; <as>as,

<xex>serious</xex> and important concerns</as>. <xex>Grave</xex>

denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the

pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to

<ref>hilarity</ref> of feeling or <ref>vivacity</ref> of manner;

<as>as, a <ex>qrave</ex> remark; <ex>qrave</ex> attire</as>.

<xex>Solemn</xex> is applied to a case in which gravity is

carried to its highest point; <as>as, a <ex>solemn</ex>

admonition; a <ex>solemn</ex> promise</as>.</usage>



<hw>Grave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos>

<er>Graved</er> <pr>(gr<amac/vd)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Graven</er> <pr>(gr<amac/v"'n)</pr> or <er>Graved</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Graving</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS.  <ets>grafan</ets> to dig, grave, engrave; akin to

OFries. <ets>greva</ets>, D. <ets>graven</ets>, G.

<ets>graben</ets>, OHG. & Goth. <ets>graban</ets>, Dan. 

<ets>grabe</ets>, Sw. <ets>gr<aum/fva</ets>, Icel.

<ets>grafa</ets>, but prob. not to Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to

write, E. <ets>graphic.</ets> Cf. <er>Grave</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Grove</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To dig. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> Chaucer.</def>



<q>He hath <qex>graven</qex> and digged up a pit.</q>

<qau>Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer). </qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some

hard substance; to engrave.</def>



<q>Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and <qex>grave</qex> on them

the names of the children of Israel.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxviii. 9.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a

chisel; to sculpture; <as>as, to <ex>grave</ex> an

image</as>.</def>



<q>With gold men may the hearte <qex>grave</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix

indelibly.</def>



<q>O! may they graven in thy heart remain.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn>  <def>To entomb; to bury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Lie full low, <qex>graved</qex> in the hollow ground.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Grave</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To write or delineate on

hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice

engraving.</def>



<hw>Grave</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>gr?f</ets>, fr.

<ets>grafan</ets> to dig; akin to D. & OS. <ets>graf</ets>, G.

<ets>grab</ets>, Icel. <ets>gr\'94f</ets>, Russ. <ets>grob'</ets>

grave, coffin. See <er>Grave</er> to carve.]</ety> <def>An

excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of

interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.</def>



<q>He bad lain in the <qex>grave</qex> four days.</q>

<qau>John xi. 17.</qau>



<cs><col>Grave wax</col>, <cd>adipocere</cd>.</cs>



<hw>Grave"clothes`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.</def>



<hw>Grave"dig`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A digger of graves.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Burying

beetle</cref>, under <er>Bury</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Grav"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gravele</ets>, akin to F. <ets>gr?ve</ets> a sandy shore,

strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. <ets>grouan</ets> gravel, W.

<ets>gro</ets> coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr.

<ets>gr<amac/van</ets> stone.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Small

stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often

intermixed with particles of sand.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A deposit of small calculous

concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also,

the disease of which they are a symptom.</def>



<cs><col>Gravel powder</col>, <cd>a coarse gunpowder; pebble

powder.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grav"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Graveled</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Gravelled</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Graveling</er> or

<er>Gravelling</er>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with gravel; <as>as, to gravel a

walk</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to

run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.</def>



<q>When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they

<qex>graveled</qex> the ship.</q>

<qau>Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).</qau>



<q>Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be

<qex>graveled</qex>; and one of his feet stuck so fast in the

sand that he fell to the ground.</q>

<qau>Camden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To check or stop; to embarrass; to

perplex.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>When you were <qex>graveled</qex> for lack of matter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The physician was so <qex>graveled</qex> and amazed withal,

that he had not a word more to say.</q>

<qau>Sir T. North.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged

between the shoe and foot.</def>



<hw>Grave"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

grave; unburied.</def>



<mhw><hw>Grav"el*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, or

<hw>Grav"el*ling</hw></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of covering with gravel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A layer or coating of gravel (on a path,

etc.).</def>



<mhw><hw>Grav"el*ing</hw>, or <hw>Grav"el*ling</hw></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A salmon one or two

years old, before it has gone to sea.</def>



<hw>Grav"el*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State

of being gravelly.</def>



<hw>Grav"el*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding

with gravel; consisting of gravel; <as>as, a <ex>gravelly</ex>

soil</as>.</def>



<hw>Grav"el-stone"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.</def>



<hw>Grave"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grave

manner.</def>



<hw>Grav"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Grave</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Carved.</def>



<cs><col>Graven image</col>, <cd>an idol; an object of worship

carved from wood, stone, etc. \'bdThou shalt not make unto thee

any <xex>graven image</xex>.\'b8 <au>Ex. xx. 4</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grave"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

grave.</def>



<q>His sables and his weeds,

Importing health and <qex>graveness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gra"ven*stein"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So

called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig.

Downing.]</ety> <def>A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of

deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.</def>



<hw>Gra*ve"o*lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>graveolentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>grav\'82olence.</ets> See

<er>Graveolent.</er>]</ety> <def>A strong and offensive smell;

rancidity. <mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Bailey.</au></def>



<hw>Gra*ve"o*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>graveolens</ets>; <ets>gravis</ets> heavy + <ets>olere</ets>

to smell.]</ety> <def>Having a rank smell. <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au></def>



<hw>Graver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te

cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.</def>



<hw>Grav"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act,

process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.</def>



<q>Either of picture or <qex>gravery</qex> and embossing.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Graves</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The sediment

of melted tallow. Same as <er>Greaves.</er></def>



<hw>Graves"' dis*ease"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called after

Dr. <ets>Graves</ets>, of Dublin.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Basedow's disease</er>.</def>



<hw>Grave"stone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stone

laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an inscription,

to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.</def>



<hw>Grave"yard"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A yard or

inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.</def>



<hw>Grav"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

or causing, gravitation; <as>as, <ex>gravic</ex> forces;

<ex>gravic</ex> attraction.</as></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Grav"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gravidus</ets>, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy, loaded. See

<er>Grave</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Being with child; heavy

with young; pregnant; fruitful; <as>as, a <ex>gravid</ex> uterus;

<ex>gravid</ex> piety</as>.</def> \'bd His <xex>gravid</xex>

associate.\'b8 <au>Sir T. Herbert</au>.



<hw>Grav"i*da"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gravidatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gravidare</ets> to load,

impregnate. See <er>Gravid</er>.]</ety> <def>Made pregnant; big.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Barrow.</au></def>



<hw>Grav"i*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Gravidity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gra*vid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>graviditas.</ets>]</ety> <def>The state of being gravidated;

pregnancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Grav"i*grade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. gravis

heavy + gradus step.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Slow-paced.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

pachyderms</def>.</def2>



<hw>Gra*vim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gravis</ets> heavy + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gravim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Physics) An instrument for

ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.</def>



<hw>Grav"i*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to measurement by

weight; measured by weight.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

adv.</wordforms>



<cs><col>Gravimetric analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>analysis in which the amounts of the coastituents are

determined by weight;  -- in distinction from <cref>volumetric

analysis</cref>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grav"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Grave to

clean.]</ety> <def>The act of cleaning a ship's bottom.</def>



<cs><col>Graving dock</col>. <cd>(Naut.) See under

Dock.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grav"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Grave to dig.]</ety>

<sn>l.</sn> <def>The act or art of carving figures in hard

substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is graved or carved.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Skillful to . . . <qex>grave</qex> any manner of

<qex>graving</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Chron. ii. 14.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Impression, as upon the mind or heart.</def>



<q>New <qex>gravings</qex> upon their souls.</q>

<qau>Eikon Basilike</qau>



<hw>Grav"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gravitated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gravitating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>graviter.</ets> See

<er>Gravity.</er>]</ety> <def>To obey the law of gravitation; to

exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence

of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any

object.</def>



<q>Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies

<qex>gravitate</qex> toward each other.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<q>Politicians who naturally <qex>gravitate</qex> towards the

stronger party.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Grav"i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

gravitation. See Gravity.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

gravitating.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>(Pysics) That species of attraction or force by

which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend

toward each other; called also <altname>attraction of

gravitation</altname>, <altname>universal gravitation</altname>,

and <altname>universal gravity</altname>. See

<er>Attraction</er>, and <er>Weight.</er></def>



<cs><col>Law of gravitatian</col>, <cd>that law in accordance

with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or

portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a

force proportional directly to the quantity of matter they

contain, and inversely to the squares of their

distances.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grav`i*tation*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the force of

gravity; <as>as, <ex>gravitational</ex> units</as>.</def>



<hw>Gravi*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing

to gravitate; tending to a center.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Grav"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gravities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>gravitas</ets>, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy; cf. F.

<ets>gravit\'82</ets>. See <er>Grave</er>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<er>Grief</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of having

weight; beaviness; <as>as, the <ex>gravity</ex> of

lead</as>.</def>





<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sobriety of character or demeanor.</def> \'bdMen

of <xex>gravity</xex> and learning.\'b8<



<au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof

- especially italicized words (aso in etymologies) are not

properly marked-->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence,

seriousness; enormity; <as>as, the <ex>gravity</ex> of an

offense</as>.</def>



<q>They derive an importance from . . . the <qex>gravity</qex> of

the place where they were uttered.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The tendency of a mass of

matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a

body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial

gravitation.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Lowness of tone; -- opposed to

acuteness.</def>



<cs><col>Center of gravity</col> <cd>See under

<er>Center</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gravity battery</col>, <cd>See

<er>Battery</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Specific

gravity</col>, <cd>the ratio of the weight of a body to the

weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the

standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and

liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of

gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen

times as heavy as water.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gra"vy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gravies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. greavie; prob.

fr. greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See

<er>Greaves</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The juice or other

liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a

dressing for the food when served up.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables,

etc.</def>



<hw>Gray</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Grayer</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Grayest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. gray,

grey, AS. gr?g, gr?g; akin to D.  graauw OHG. gr?o, G. grau, Dan.

graa, Dw. gr?, Icel.  grdr.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>grey</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>White mixed with

black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair

whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; <as>as, the soft

gray eye of a dove</as>.</def>



<q>These <qex>gray</qex> and dun colors may be also produced by

mixing whites and blacks.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color;

hoary.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Old; mature; <as>as, gray experience</as>.

Ames.</def>



<cs><col>Gray antimony</col> (<fld>Min.</fld>),

<cd>stibnite.</cd> -- <col>Gray buck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the chickara.</cd> -- <col>Gray cobalt</col>

(<fld>Min.</fld>), <cd>smaltite.</cd> -- <col>Gray copper</col> 

(<fld>Min.</fld>), <cd>tetrahedrite.</cd> -- <col>Gray duck</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gadwall; also applied to the

female mallard.</cd> -- <col>Gray falcon</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>the peregrine falcon.</cd> -- <col>Gray

Friar</col>. <cd>See <er>Franciscan</er>, and

<er>Friar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray hen</col>

(<fld>Zo\'94l.</fld>), <cd>the female of the blackcock or black

grouse. See <er>Heath grouse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray mill or

millet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of several plants of

the genus <spn>Lithospermum</spn>; gromwell.</cd> -- <col>Gray

mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>any one of the numerous

species of the genus <spn>Mugil</spn>, or family

<spn>Mugilid<ae/</spn>, found both in the Old World and America;

as the European species (<spn>M. capito</spn>, and <spn>M.

auratus</spn>), the American striped mullet (<spn>M.

albula</spn>), and the white or silver mullet (<spn>M.

Braziliensis</spn>). See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray

owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd> the European tawny or brown

owl (<spn>Syrnium aluco</spn>). The great gray owl (<spn>Ulula

cinerea</spn>) inhabits arctic America.</cd> -- <col>Gray

parrot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a parrot (<spn>Psittacus

erithacus</spn>), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its

aptness in learning to talk.</cd> -- <col>Gray pike</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sauger</er>.</cd> --  <col>Gray

snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Florida fish; the sea

lawyer. See <er>Snapper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray snipe</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the dowitcher in winter plumage.</cd>

-- <col>Gray whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a rather

large and swift California whale (<spn>Rhachianectes

glaucus</spn>), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays; --

called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A gray color; any

mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish

tint.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a

badger, or a kind of salmon.</def>



<q>Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day.

That coats thy life, my gallant gray.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Gray"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The California gray

whale.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The redbreasted sandpiper or

knot</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The dowitcher</def>. <sd>(d)</sd>

<def>The body louse.</def>



<hw>Gray"beard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An old

man.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gray"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The trumpet fly.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Gray"hound`</hw> <pr>(-hound`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Greyhound</er>.</def>



<hw>Gray"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat gray.</def>



<hw>Gray"lag`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common wild gray goose (<spn>Anser

anser</spn>) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the

domestic goose. See <it>Illust</it>. of <er>Goose</er>.</def>



<hw>Gray"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Gray</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Thymallus

vulgaris</spn>), allied to the trout, but having a very broad

dorsal fin; -- called also <altname>umber</altname>.  It inhabits

cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish.</def>



<q>And here and there a lusty trout,

And here and there a grayling.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American fish of the

genus <spn>Thymallus</spn>, having similar habits to the above;

one species (<spn>T. Ontariensis</spn>), inhabits several streams

in Michigan; another  (<spn>T. montanus</spn>), is found in the

Yellowstone region.</def>



<hw>Gray"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

gray.</def>



<hw>Gtray"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A grayish or greenish compact rock,

composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.</def>



<hw>Gray"wacke`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>grauwacke</ets>; <ets>grau</ets> gray + <ets>wacke</ets>

wacke. See <er>Gray</er>, and <er>Wacke</er>, and cf.

<er>Grauwacke</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A conglomerate

or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles sand firmly united

together.</def>



<note><hand/ This term, derved from the <xex>grauwacke</xex> of

German miners, was formerly applied in geology to different grits

and slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom

used.</note>



<hw>Graze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[<ets>imp. &

p. p.</ets> Grazed (<?/); <ets>p. pr. & vb. n.</ets>

Grazing.]</ety> <ety>[OE. grasen, AS. grasian, fr.  gr?s grass.

See Grass.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feed or supply (cattle,

sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for.</def>



<q>A field or two to <qex>graze</qex> his cows.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat

grass from (a pasture); to browse.</def>



<q>The lambs with wolves shall <qex>graze</qex> the verdant

mead.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.</def>



<q>When Jacob <qex>grazed</qex> his uncle Laban's sheep.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing)

in passing; <as>as, the bullet grazed the wall</as>.</def>



<hw>Graze</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To eat grass;

to feed on growing herbage; <as>as, cattle graze on the

meadows</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To yield grass for grazing.  The ground

cortinueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose.</def>



<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To touch something lightly in passing.</def>



<hw>Graze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

grazing; the cropping of grass.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Turning him out for a grace on the common.</q>

<qau>T. Hughes. </qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A light touch; a slight scratch.</def>



<hw>Graz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One that

grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage.</def>



<q>The cackling goose,

Close <qex>grazer</qex>, finds wherewith to ease her want.</q>

<qau>J. Philips. </qau>



<hw>Gra"zier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

pastures cattle, and rears them for market.</def>



<q>The inhabitants be rather . . . <qex>graziers</qex> than

plowmen.</q>

<qau>Stow.</qau>



<hw>Graz"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of one who, or that which, grazes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pasture; growing grass.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gra"zi*o"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[It.,

adj. See Gracious.]</ety> (<fld>Mus.</fld>) <def>Gracefully;

smoothly; elegantly.</def>



<hw>Gre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Gree</er>,

a step.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gre</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Gree</er>, good

will</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Grease</hw> <pr>(gres)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. grese,

grece, F. graisse; akin to gras fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus

thick, fat, gross, L. <ets>crassus</ets>. Cf.

<er>Crass</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Animal fat, as tallow or

lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of

any kind.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of a horse's

heels, suspending the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and

producing dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration,

and fungous excrescences.</def>



<cs><col>Grease bush</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as

<cref>Grease wood</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Grease moth</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a pyralid moth (<spn>Aglossa

pinguinalis</spn>) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc.</cd> --

<col>Grease wood</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a scraggy, stunted,

and somewhat prickly shrub (<spn>Sarcobatus vermiculatus</spn>)

of the Spinach family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the

upper Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other

plants of the same family, as several species of

<spn>Atriplex</spn> and <spn>Obione</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grease</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Greased</er> <pr>(grezd

or gresd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Greasing</er>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat;

to lubricate; <as>as, to grease the wheels of a wagon</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bribe; to corrupt with presents.</def>



<q>The <qex>greased</qex> advocate that grinds the poor.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cheat or cozen; to overreach.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl. </au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>(Ear.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the

disease.</def>



<cs><col>To grease in the hand</col>, <cd>to corrupt by

bribes.</cd></cs>



<au>Usher.</au>



<hw>Greas"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person

employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines,

carriages, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a

Mexican of the lowest type.</def> <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Greas"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> In a greasy manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a gross or indelicate manner.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>You talk <qex>greasily</qex>; your lips grow foul.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Greas"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness.</def>



<hw>Greas"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Compar.

Greasier (<?/); superl. Greasiest.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous;

<as>as, a greasy dish</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Smeared or defiled with grease.</def>



<q>With <qex>greasy</qex> aprons, rules, and hammers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous

to the touch, as is mineral soapstone.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fat of body; bulky</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Gross; indelicate; indecent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Marston.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Affected with the disease

called <cref>grease</cref>; as, the heels of a horse. See

<er>Grease</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>Great</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Greater</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Greatest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gret</ets>, great, AS. <ets>gre?t</ets>; akin to OS. & LG.

<ets>gr?t</ets>, D. <ets>groot</ets>, OHG. <ets>gr?z</ets>, G.

<ets>gross</ets>. Cf. <er>Groat</er> the coin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous;

expanded; -- opposed to small and little; <as>as, a

<ex>great</ex> house, ship, farm, plain, distance,

length</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Large in number; numerous; <as>as, a great

company, multitude, series, etc</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Long continued; lengthened in duration;

prolonged in time; <as>as, a <ex>great</ex> while; a

<ex>great</ex> interval.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to

thoughts, actions, and feelings.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly

gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful;

mighty; noble; <as>as, a great hero, scholar, genius,

philosopher, etc</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty:

eminent; distingushed; formost; principal; <as>as, <ex>great</ex>

men; the <ex>great</ex> seal; the <ex>great</ex> marshal,

etc.</as></def>



<q>He doth object I am too <qex>great</qex> of birth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty;

important; <as>as, a <ex>great</ex> argument, truth, or

principle</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Pregnant; big (with young).</def>



<q>The ewes <qex>great</qex> with young.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxviii. 71.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>More than ordinary in degree; very considerable

in degree; <as>as, to use <ex>great</ex> caution; to be in

<ex>great</ex> pain</as>.</def>



<q>We have all

<qex>Great</qex> cause to give <qex>great</qex> thanks.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>(Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by

single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one

degree more remote in the direct line of de scent; <as>as,

great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grand-  mother's father),

great-grandson, etc</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Great bear</col> (<fld>Astron.</fld>), the constellation

Ursa Major. --  <col>Great cattle</col> (<fld>Law</fld>), all

manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. <au>Wharton</au>. --

<col>Great charter</col> (<fld>Eng. Hist.</fld>), Magna Charta.

-- <col>Great circle of a sphere</col>, a circle the plane of

which passes through the center of the sphere. -- <col>Great

circle sailing</col>, the process or art of conducting a ship on

a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two

places. -- <col>Great go</col>, the final examination for a

degree at the University of Oxford, England; -- called also

<altname>greats</altname>.  <au>T. Hughes</au>. -- <col>Great

guns</col>. (Naut.) See under Gun. -- <col>The Great Lakes</col>

the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron,

Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the

United States. -- <col>Great master</col>.  Same as <cref>Grand

master</cref>, under <er>Grand</er>. -- <col>Great organ</col> 

(Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand

organ (the others being the <xex>choir organ</xex> and the

<xex>swell</xex>, and sometimes the <xex>pedal organ</xex> or

foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has

the middle position. -- <col>The great powers</col> (of Europe),

in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria,

Russia, and Italy. -- <col>Great primer</col>. See under

<er>Type</er>. --  <col>Great scale</col> (<fld>Mus.</fld>), the

complete scale; -- employed to designate the entire series of

musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- <col>Great sea</col>,

the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the

Mediterranean seas are so called. -- <col>Great seal</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The principal seal of a kingdom or state.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In Great Britain, the lord chancellor  (who is

custodian of this seal); also, his office.</cd><-- #sp in

original, "Britain" was "Britian" --> -- <col>Great tithes</col>.

<cd>See under Tithes.</cd> -- <col>The great</col>, <cd>the

eminent, distinguished, or powerful.</cd> -- <col>The Great

Spirit</col>, <cd>among the North American Indians, their chief

or principal deity.</cd>  -- <col>To be great</col> (with one),

<cd>to be intimate or familiar (with him).

<au>Bacon</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Great</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The whole.; the

gross; <as>as, a contract to build a ship by the

great</as>.</def>



<hw>Great"-bel`lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant; teeming.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Great"coat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

overcoat.</def>



<hw>Great"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to

expand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A minister's [business] is to <qex>greaten</qex> and exalt

[his king].</q>

<qau>Ken.</qau>



<hw>Great"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become large; to

dilate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>My blue eyes <qex>greatening</qex> in the looking-glass.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning. </qau>



<hw>Great"-grand"child`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

child of one's grandson or granddaughter.</def>



<hw>Great"-grand"daugh`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Great</er>, 10.]</ety> <def>A daughter of one's

grandson or granddaughter.</def>



<hw>Great"-grand"fa`ther</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Great</er>, 10.]</ety> <def>The father of one's

grandfather or grandmother.</def>



<hw>Great"-grand"moth`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.</def>



<hw>Great"-grand"son`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Great</er>, 10.]</ety> <def> A son of one's grandson or

granddaughter.</def>



<hw>Great"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>High-spirited; fearless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Generous; magnanimous; noble.</def>



<hw>Great"-heart`ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.</def>



<hw>Great"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a great

degree; much.</def>



<q>I will <qex>greatly</qex> multiply thy sorrow.</q>

<qau>Gen. iii. 16.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously</def>.



<q>By a high fate thou <qex>greatly</qex> didst expire.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Great"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gre\'a0tnes</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state,

condition, or quality of being great; <as>as, <ex>greatness</ex>

of size, <ex>greatness</ex> of mind, power, etc</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pride; haughtiness. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def



<q>It is not of pride or <qex>greatness</qex> that he cometh not

aboard your ships.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Greave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A grove.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Greave</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. greees; cf. Sp.

grevas.]</ety> <def>Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually

in the plural.</def>



<hw>Greave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Greaved</er> <pr>(gr<emac/vd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.  &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Greaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

Greaves.]</ety> (<fld>Naut.</fld>) <def>To clean  (a ship's

bottom); to grave.</def>



<hw>Greaves</hw> <pr>(gr<emac/vz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. dial. Sw. <ets>grevar</ets> greaves, LG.

<ets>greven</ets>, G. <ets>griebe</ets>, also AS.

<ets>greofa</ets> pot. Cf. <er>Gravy.</er>]</ety> <def>The

sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food.

In Scotland it is called <altname>cracklings</altname>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>graves</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Grebe</hw> <pr>(gr<emac/b)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gr?be</ets>, fr. Armor. <ets>krib</ets> comb; akin to

<ets>kriben</ets> crest, W. <ets>crib</ets> comb, crest.  So

called in allusion to the crest of one species.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several swimming birds or

divers, of the genus <spn>Colymbus</spn> (formerly

<spn>Podiceps</spn>), aud allied genera, found in the northern

parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp

bills, and lobate toes.</def>



<hw>Gre"cian"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Greek.</er>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Greece;

Greek.</def>



<cs><col>Grecian bend</col>, <cd>among women, an affected

carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward.</cd>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark> -- <col>Grecian fire</col></mcol>. <cd>See

<cref>Greek fire</cref>, under <er>Greek</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gre"cian</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or

naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist.</def>



<au>Acts vi. 1.</au>



<note><hand/ The Greek word rendered <xex>Grecian</xex> in the

Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated

<xex>Grecian Jew</xex> in the Revised Version.</note>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>One well versed in the Greek language,

literature, or history.</def>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Gre"cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gr\'82cisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An idiom of the Greek

language; a Hellenism.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<-- p. 649  most of page has no marks in etymology or in "as"

sections (italics not marked) -->



<hw>Gre"cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grecized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Grecizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gr\'82ciser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render

Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to

take a Greek form; <as>as, the name is

<ex>Grecized</ex></as>.</def>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To translate into Greek.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gre"cize</hw>, <hw>Gre"cian*ize</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To conform to the

Greek custom, especially in speech.</def>



<hw>Gre"co-Ro"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; <as>as,

<ex>Greco-Roman</ex> architecture</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Grecque</hw> <pr>(gr<ecr/k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin,

esp. a fret or meander,</def>



<hw>Gree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gr\'82</ets>. See Grateful, and cf. <er>Agree.</er>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; --

used esp. in such phrases as: to take in <ex>gree</ex>; to accept

in <ex>gree</ex>; that is, to take favorably.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Accept in <qex>gree</qex>, my lord, the words I spoke.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rank; degree; position.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Scot.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>He is a shepherd great in <qex>gree</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spnser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The prize; the honor of the day; <as>as, to bear

the <ex>gree</ex>, <it>i. e.</it>, to carry off the

prize</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gree</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Agree.</er>]</ety>

<def>To agree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Gree</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Grees</plw>

<pr>(gr<emac/z)</pr>; obs. plurals <plw>Greece</plw>

<pr>(gr<emac/s)</pr> <plw>Grice</plw> <pr>(gr?s or gr?s)</pr>,

<plw>Grise</plw>, <plw>Grize</plw> <pr>(gr?z or gr?z)</pr>,

etc.</plu> <ety>[OF. <ets>gr\'82</ets>, F. <ets>grade.</ets> See

<er>Grade.</er>]</ety> <def>A step.</def>



<hw>Greece</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gree</er> a step.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Greed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to Goth.

gr?dus hunger, Icel. <ets>gr<amac/<edh/r</ets>. <root/34. See

<er>Greedy.</er>]</ety> <def>An eager desire or longing;

greediness; <as>as, a <ex>greed</ex> of gain</as>.</def>



<hw>Greed"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, adv. In a greedy

manner.</def>



<hw>Greed"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS gr?dignes.]</ety>

<def>The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish

desire.</def>



<q>Fox in stealth, wolf in <qex>greediness.</qex></q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn.-- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.</syn>



<hw>Greed"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Greedier</er>

<pr>(-<icr/-<etil/r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Greediest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gredi</ets>, AS.

<ets>gr?dig</ets>, <ets>gr?dig</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>gretig</ets>, OS. <ets>gr?dag</ets>, OHG. <ets>gr?tag</ets>,

Dan. <ets>graadig</ets>, OSw. <ets>gradig</ets>,

<ets>gr?dig</ets>, Icel. <ets>gra?ugr</ets>, Goth.

<ets>gr?dags</ets> greedy, <ets>gr?d?n</ets> to be hungry; cf.

Skr. <ets>grdh</ets> to be greedy. Cf. <er>Greed.</er>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a keen appetite for food or drink;

ravenous; voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; <as>as, a

lion that is <ex>greedy</ex> of his prey</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently

desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; <as>as, <er>greedy</er> of

gain</as>.</def>



<hw>Greed"y-gut"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

glutton.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>Todd.</au>



<hw>Gree"gree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An African

talisman or Gri'gri' charm.</def>



<cs><col>A greegree man</col>, <cd>an African magician or fetich

priest.</cd></cs>



<hw>Greek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>grec</ets>, L. <ets>Graecus</ets>, Gr. ?: cf. F.

<ets>grec</ets>. Cf. <er>Grecian</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian.</def>



<cs><col>Greek calends</col>. <cd>See under Calends.</cd> --

<col>Greek Church</col> (<fld>Eccl. Hist.</fld>), <cd>the Eastern

Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman

or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great

bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the

established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek

Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine

Church.</cd> -- <col>Greek cross</col>. <cd>See <it>Illust</it>.

(10) Of <er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Greek Empire</col>. <cd>See

<er>Byzantine Empire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Greek fire</col>, <cd>a

combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents

of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur.</cd>

<au>Ure</au>. -- <col>Greek rose</col></mcol>, <cd>the flower

campion.</cd></cs>



<hw>Greek</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native, or one

of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of

Greece.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A swindler; a knave; a cheat.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<q>Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . .

. offer many chances for the <qex>Greek.</qex></q>

<qau>Sat. Rev.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something unintelligible; <as>as, it was all

<qex>Greek</qex> to me</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Greek"ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

Greek.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Greek"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>Gr<emac/cisc</ets>.]</ety> <def>Peculiar to Greece.</def>



<hw>Greek"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little

Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions.</def>



<au>B. Jonson. </au>



<hw>Green</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Greener</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Greenest.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>grene</ets>, AS. <ets>gr?ne</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>groen</ets>, OS. <ets>gr?ni</ets>, OHG. <ets>gruoni</ets>,

G. <ets>gr?n</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>gr?n</ets>, Icel. 

<ets>gr?nn</ets>; fr. the root of E. <ets>grow.</ets>  See

<er>Grow.</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the color of grass

when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar

spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant;

emerald.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a sickly color; wan.</def>



<q>To look so green and pale.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new;

recent; <as>as, a <ex>green</ex> manhood; a <ex>green</ex>

wound.</as></def>



<q>As valid against such an old and beneficent government as

against . . . the <qex>greenest</qex> usurpation.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened;

<as>as, <ex>green</ex> fruit, corn, vegetables, etc</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not roasted; half raw.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>We say the meat is <qex>green</qex> when half roasted.</q>

<qau>L. Watts. </qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not

trained; awkward; <as>as, <ex>green</ex> in years or

judgment</as>.</def>



<q>I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that

its <qex>green</qex> conceptions can instruct my gray hairs.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott. </qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural

juices; <as>as, green wood, timber, etc</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Green brier</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a thorny

climbing shrub (<spn>Emilaz rotundifolia</spn>) having a

yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of

flowers, common in the United States; -- called also <altname>cat

brier</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green con</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pollock.</cd> -- <col>Green

crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an edible, shore crab

(<spn>Carcinus menas</spn>) of Europe and America; -- in New

England locally named <altname>joe-rocker</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Green crop</col>, <cd>a crop used for food while in a

growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root

crop, etc.</cd> -- <col>Green diallage</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Diallage, a variety of pyroxene.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Smaragdite.</cd> -- <col>Green dragon</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a North American herbaceous plant

(<spn>Aris\'91ma Dracontium</spn>), resembling the Indian turnip;

-- called also <altname>dragon root</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green

earth</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of glauconite, found

in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a

pigment by artists; -- called also <altname>mountain

green</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green ebony</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A south American tree (<spn>Jacaranda ovalifolia</spn>),

having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work,

and in dyeing.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The West Indian green

ebony.</cd> See <er>Ebony</er>. -- <col>Green fire</col>

(<fld>Pyrotech.</fld>), <cd>a composition which burns with a

green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with

some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of

the flame is due.</cd> --  <col>Green fly</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any green species of plant lice or

aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants.</cd> --

<col>Green gage</col>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Greengage</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Green

gland</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a pair of large

green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They

have their outlets at the bases of the larger antenn\'91.</cd> --

<col>Green hand</col>, <cd>a novice. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd>

-- <col>Green heart</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the wood of a

lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America,

used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and

Guiana is the <spn>Nectandra Rodi\'d2i</spn>, that of Martinique

is the <spn>Colubrina ferruginosa</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Green iron

ore</col>  (<fld>Min.</fld>) <cd>dufrenite.</cd> -- <col>Green

laver</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an edible seaweed  (<spn>Ulva

latissima</spn>); -- called also <altname>green

sloke</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green lead ore</col>

(<fld>Min.</fld>), <cd>pyromorphite.</cd> -- <col>Green

linnet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the greenfinch.</cd> --

<col>Green looper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

cankerworm.</cd> -- <col>Green marble</col> (<fld>Min.</fld>),

<cd>serpentine.</cd> -- <col>Green mineral</col>, <cd>a carbonate

of copper, used as a pigment. See <er>Greengill</er>.</cd> --

<col>Green monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a West African

long-tailed monkey (<spn>Cercopithecus callitrichus</spn>), very

commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced

into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become

very abundant there.</cd> -- <col>Green salt of Magnus</col>

(<fld>Old Chem.</fld>), <cd>a dark green crystalline salt,

consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of

platinum.</cd> -- <col>Green sand</col> (<fld>Founding</fld>) 

<cd>molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not

dried before the cast is made.</cd> -- <col>Green sea</col>

(<fld>Naut.</fld>), <cd>a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a

vessel's deck.</cd> --  <col>Green sickness</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>chlorosis.</cd> -- <col>Green snake</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of two harmless American snakes

(<spn>Cyclophis vernalis</spn>, and <spn>C. \'91stivus</spn>).

They are bright green in color.</cd> -- <col>Green turtle</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an edible marine turtle. See

<er>Turtle</er>.</cd> --  <col>Green vitriol</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Sulphate of iron; a light green

crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation

of inks, dyes, mordants, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> (<fld>Min.</fld>)

<cd>Same as <altname>copperas</altname>,

<altname>melanterite</altname> and <altname>sulphate of

iron</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green ware</col>, <cd>articles of

pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked.</cd>  -- <col>Green

woodpecker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common European

woodpecker (<spn>Picus viridis</spn>); -- called also

<altname>yaffle</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Green</hw> <pr>(gren)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum

intermediate between the yellow and the blue.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground

covered with verdant herbage; <as>as, the village

<ex>green</ex></as>.</def>



<q>O'er the smooth enameled <qex>green</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other

plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural.</def>



<q>In that soft season when descending showers

Call forth the <qex>greens</qex>, and wake the rising

flowers.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as

spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for

food.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any substance or pigment of a green color.</def>



<cs><col>Alkali green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an alkali

salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye,

resembling emerald green; -- called also <altname>Helvetia

green</altname>.</cd>-- <col>Berlin green</col><cd>.

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> See under <er>Berlin</er>.</cd> --

<col>Brilliant green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a complex

aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition.</cd> --

<col>Brunswick green</col><cd> an oxychloride of copper.</cd> --

<col>Chrome green</col><cd>. See under <er>Chrome</er>.</cd> --

<col>Emerald green</col><cd>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> (a) A complex

basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green

crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and

mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; -- called also

<altname>aldehyde green</altname>, <altname>acid green</altname>,

<altname>malachite green</altname>, <altname>Victoria

green</altname>, <altname>solid green</altname>, etc. It is

usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an

oxalate. (b) See <cref>Paris green</cref> (below).</cd> --

<col>Gaignet's green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>a green pigment

employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting

essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium.</cd> -- <col>Methyl

green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an artificial rosaniline

dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow

luster; -- called also light-green.</cd> -- <col>Mineral

green</col><cd>. See under <er>Mineral</er>.</cd> --

<col>Mountain green</col><cd>. See <cref>Green earth</cref>,

under <er>Green</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Paris

green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a poisonous green powder,

consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate

and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a

pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but

particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; --

called also <altname>Schweinfurth green</altname>,

<altname>imperial green</altname>, <altname>Vienna

green</altname>, <altname>emerald qreen</altname>, and

<altname>mitis green</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Scheele's

green</col></mcol> <fld><cd>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a green pigment,

consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called

also <altname>Swedish green</altname>. It may enter into various

pigments called <altname>parrot green</altname>, <altname>pickel

green</altname>, <altname>Brunswick green</altname>,

<altname>nereid green</altname>, or <altname>emerald

green</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Green</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Greened</er> <pr>(great)</pr>: <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Greening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make

green.</def>



<q>Great spring before

<qex>Greened</qex> all the year.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<-- THe Greening of America [Reich] -->



<hw>Green</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become or grow

green.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>By <qex>greening</qex> slope and singing flood.</q>

<qau>Whittier.</qau>



<hw>Green"back"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862,

and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to

prevent alterations and counterfeits.</def>



<hw>Green"back"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of

those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the

resumption of specie payments.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Green"bone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named

because the bones are green when boiled.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any garfish

(<spn>Belone</spn> or <spn>Tylosurus</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The European eelpout.</def>



<hw>Green"-broom`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Genista</spn>

(<spn>G. tinctoria</spn>); dyer's weed; -- called also

<altname>greenweed.</altname>



<hw>Green"cloth`</hw> <pr>(-kl<ocr/th`; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting

house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord

steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of

justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and

keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two

hundred yards beyond the gatees.</def>



<hw>Green"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Green

plants; verdure.</def>



<q>A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in

<qex>greenery</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Ingelow.</qau>



<hw>Green"-eyed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having green eyes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Seeing everything through a medium which

discolors or distorts.</def> \'bd<xex>Green-eyed</xex>

jealousy.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Green"finch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A European finch

(<spn>Ligurinus chloris</spn>);  -- called also <altname>green

bird</altname>, <altname>green linnet</altname>, <altname>green

grosbeak</altname>, <altname>green olf</altname>,

<altname>greeny</altname>, and <altname>peasweep</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The Texas sparrow  (<spn>Embernagra

rufivirgata</spn>), in which the general color is olive green,

with four rufous stripes on the head.</def>



<hw>Green"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bluefish</er>, and

<er>Pollock</er>.</def>



<hw>Green"gage`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of plum of medium size, roundish

shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in

France <altname>Reine Claude</altname>, after the queen of

Francis I. See <er>Gage</er>.</def>



<hw>Green"gill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An oyster which has the gills tinged

with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of

the blood.</def>



<hw>Green"gro`cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green

state.</def>



<hw>Green"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The mallard.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The striped bass. See <er>Bass</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Green"head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Green"hood</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of greenness;

verdancy.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Green"horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raw,

inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon.</def>



<au>W. Irving.  </au>



<hw>Green"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house in

which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the

weather.</def>



<hw>Green"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A greenish apple, of

several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the

best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent

keeping quality.</def>



<hw>Green"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat green; having a

tinge of green; <as>as, a <ex>greenish</ex> yellow</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Green"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Green"land*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native

of Greenland.</def>



<hw>Green"-leek`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian parrakeet

(<spn>Polytelis Barrabandi</spn>); -- called also the

<altname>scarlet-breasted parrot</altname>.</def>



<hw>Green"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>l.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> One of numerous species of small American

singing birds, of the genus <spn>Vireo</spn>, as the solitary, or

blue-headed (<spn>Vireo solitarius</spn>); the brotherly-love 

(<spn>V. Philadelphicus</spn>); the warbling greenlet (<spn>V.

gilvus</spn>); the yellow-throated greenlet (<spn>V.

flavifrons</spn>) and others. See <er>Vireo</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>(Zo\'94l,) Any species of <spn>Cyclorhis</spn>,

a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.</def>



<hw>Green"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a green color;

newly; freshly, immaturely.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

a green color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2>



<hw>Green"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>gr?nnes</ets>.

See <er>Green.</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being

green; viridity; verdancy; <as>as, the <ex>greenness</ex> of

grass, or of a meadow</as>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Freshness; vigor; newness.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Immaturity; unripeness; <as>as, the

<ex>greenness</ex> of fruit</as>; inexperience; <as>as, the

<ex>greenness</ex> of youth</as>.</def>



<hw>Green"ock*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after Lord <ets>Greenock</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow

hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.</def>



<hw>Green"room`</hw> (gr<emac/n"room`), <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.</def>



<hw>Green"sand`</hw> <pr>(-s<?/nd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A variety of sandstone, usually

imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a

silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and

a trace of phosphate of lime.</def>



<note> <hand/Greensand is often called <altname>marl</altname>,

because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the

American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.</note>



<hw>Green"shank`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European sandpiper or snipe

(<spn>Totanus canescens</spn>); -- called also <altname>greater

plover<altname>.</def>



<hw>Green"-stall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stall

at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.</def>



<hw>Green"stone`</hw> <pr>(gr<emac/n"st<omac/n`)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from a tinge of green in the

color.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A name formerly applied

rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including

diorite, diabase, etc.</def>



<hw>Green"sward`</hw> <pr>(-sward')</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Turf

green with grass.</def>



<hw>Greenth</hw> <pr>(gr<emac/nth)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

Growth.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being green;

verdure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>greenth</qex> of summer.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<hw>Green"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Greenbroom</er>.</def>



<hw>Green"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A forest as

it appears is spring and summer.</def>



<hw>Green"wood`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to a

greenwood; <as>as, a <ex>greenwood</ex> shade</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Greet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Great.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Greet</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>greten</ets>, AS.

<ets>gr?tan</ets>, <ets>gr?lan</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>grata</ets>, Sw. <ets>gi?ta</ets>, Dan. <ets>gr?de</ets>,

Goth. <ets>gr?ctan</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>hr?d</ets> to sound,

roar. <root/50.]</ety> <def>To weep; to cry; to lament.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>greit</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Greet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Mourning.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Greet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Greeted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Greeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>greten</ets>, AS.

<ets>gr</ets>?<ets>tan</ets> to address, approach; akin to OS.

<ets>gr<?/tian</ets>, LG\'3e <ets>gr\'94ten</ets>, D.

<ets>groeten</ets>, OHG. <ets>gruozzen</ets>, G.

<ets>gr\'81ssen</ets>. <root/50.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to

salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay

respects or compliments to, either personally or through the

intervention of another, or by writing or token.</def>



<q>My lord, the mayor of London comes to <qex>greet</qex>

you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come upon, or meet, as with something that

makes the heart glad.</def>



<q>In vain the spring my senses <qex>greets</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To accost; to address.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other

italics are not marked -->



<hw>Greet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To meet and

give salutations.</def>



<q>There <qex>greet</qex> in silence, as the dead are wont, And

sleep in peace.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Greet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Greeting.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>F. Beaumont.  </au>



<hw>Greet"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who greets

or salutes another.</def>



<hw>Greet"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who weeps or

mourns.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Greet"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Expression of kindness or

joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent.</def>



<q>Write to him . . . gentle adieus and <qex>greetings.</qex></q>

<qau>Shak.</q>



<syn>Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.</syn>



<hw>Greeve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Grieve</er>, an overseer.</def>



<hw>Greeze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A step. See

<er>Gree</er>, a step.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The top of the ladder, or first <qex>greeze</qex>, is

this.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Gref"fi*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from

LL. <ets>grafarius</ets>, <ets>graphiarius</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>graphium</ets>, a writing style; cf. F.  <ets>greffe</ets> a

record office. See <er>Graft</er>, and cf.

<er>Graffer.</er>]</ety> <def>A registrar or recorder; a

notary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Gre"gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. gregalis,

fr. grex, gregis, herd.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or like, a

flock.</def>



<q>For this gregal conformity there is an excuse.</q>

<qau>W. S. Mayo.</qau>



<hw>Gre*ga"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort;

common.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdThe gregarian

soldiers.\'b8



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>\"d8<cd>Greg`a*ri"n\"91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Gregarina</ets> the typical genus, fr. L.

<ets>gregarius</ets>.  See <er>Gregarious</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Protozoa, allied to the

Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm,

lobster, etc.   When adult, they have a small, wormlike body

inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the

young stages, they are am\'d2biform; -- called also

<altname>Gregarinida</altname>, and

<altname>Gregarinaria</altname>.</def></cs>



<hw>Greg"a*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Gregarin\'91.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

Gregarin\'91.</def></def2>



<hw>\"d8Greg`a*rin"i*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

<def>Gregarin\'91.</def>



<hw>Gre*ga"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gregarius</ets>, fr. <ets>grex</ets>, <ets>gregis</ets>,

herd; cf. Gr. <?/ to assemble, Skr. <ets>jar</ets> to approach.

Cf. <er>Congregate</er>, <er>Egregious</er>.]</ety>

<def>Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to

flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living

alone.</def> <au>Burke</au>.



<q>No birds of prey are <qex>gregarious</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<-- 2. (of people) enjoying companionship; sociable; not

solitary.



  3. (of plants) growing in clusters. -->



-- <wordforms><wf>Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw><hw>Grege</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Greg"ge<hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. gregier to

burden.]</ety> <def>To make heavy; to increase.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Greg"goe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gre"go</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr, It.

<ets>Greco</ets> Greek, or Sp. <ets>Griego</ets>, or Pg.

<ets>Grego</ets>.]</ety> <def>A short jacket or cloak, made of

very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the

Greeks and others in the Levant.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>griego</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gre*go"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>gr\'82gorien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or originated

by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of

that name.</def>



<cs><col>Gregorian calendar</col>, <cd>the calendar as reformed

by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting

the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar,

and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable

feasts by means of epochs. See <cref>Gregorian year</cref>

(below).</cd> -- <col>Gregorian chant</col>

<fld>(Mus.<cd>)</fld>, plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of

unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes,

as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called \'bdthe

Great\'b8) in the 6th century.</cd>  -- <col>Gregorian

modes</col>, <cd>the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the

Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian,

Lydian, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gregorian telescope</col>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a form of reflecting telescope, named from

Prof. James <xex>Gregory</xex>, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in

1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope,

having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector,

transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole

in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it.</cd> -- 

<col>Gregorian year</col>, <cd>the year as now reckoned according

to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current

reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100

aud not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See

<er>Bissextile</er>, and Note under <er>Style</er>, <pos>n.<pos>,

7.</cd></cs>



<hw>Greil"lade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for

reduction by the Catalan process.</def>



<hw>Grei"sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in

the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.</def>



<hw>Greit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Greet</er>, to weep.</def>



<hw>Greith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>grct?a</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>ger?dan</ets> to arrange; pref.

<ets>ge-</ets> + <ets>r<?/de</ets> ready. Cf.

<er>Ready.</er>]</ety> <def>To make ready; -- often used

reflexively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Greith</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>grci?i</ets>. See

<er>Greith</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>Goods;

furniture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <note>See

<er>Graith</er>.</note>



<hw>Gre"mi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. gremium

lap, bosom.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the lap or

bosom.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gre"mi*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bosom

friend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Ecol.)</fld> <def>A cloth, often adorned with

gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in

celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests.</def>



<hw>Gre*nade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>grenade</ets> a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp.

<ets>granada</ets>; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the

resemblanse of its shape to a pomegranate. See <er>Carnet</er>,

<er>Grain</er> a kernel, and cf. <er>Pomegranate</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with

powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown

from the hand among enemies.</def>



<cs><col>Hand grenade</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small grenade of

iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter,

to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches,

covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a

glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the

flames. Called also <altname>fire grenade</altname>.</cd>

<col>Rampart grenades</col>, <cd>grenades of various sizes,

which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a

trough.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gren`a*dier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

grenadier. See <er>Grenade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw

grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment

or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a

peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment

or corps; <as>as, a <ex>grenadier</ex> of the guard of Napoleon

I.</as> one of the regiment of <ex>Grenadier</ex> Guards of the

British army, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine fish of the

genus <spn>Macrurus</spn>, in which the body and tail taper to a

point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also

<altname>onion fish</altname>, and <altname>rat-tail

fish</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bright-colored South

African grosbeak (<spn>Pyromelana orix</spn>), having the back

red and the lower parts black.</def>



<hw>Gren`a*dil"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

granadillo.]</ety> <def>A handsome tropical American wood, much

used for making flutes and other wind instruments; -- called also

<altname>Grenada cocos</altname>, or <altname>cocus</altname>,

and <altname>red ebony</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gren`a*dine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for

women's wear.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting

essentially of impure fuchsine.</def>



<-- 3. a liqueur -->



<hw>Gre*na"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Grenade</er>.</def>



<hw>Grene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Green.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gres</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Grass.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gres*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Gres*so"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>gressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gradi</ets> to step,

go.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Adapted for walking;

anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See

<it>Illust</it>. under <er>Aves</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Grete</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Great.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gret"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Greet</er>, to salute.</def>



<hw>Greve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A grove.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Grew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of Grow.</def>



<mhw><hw>Grew"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>,

<hw>Grue'some</hw></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From a word akin to

Dan. <ets>gru</ets> horror, terror + <ets>-some</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>gruwzaam</ets>, G. <ets>grausam</ets>. Cf.

<er>Grisly</er>.]</ety> <def>Ugly; frightful.</def>



<q><qex>Grewsome</qex> sights of war.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<hw>Grey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See <er>Gray</er>

(the correct orthography).</def>



<hw>Grey"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>graihund</ets>, <ets>greihound</ets>, <ets>greahund</ets>,

<ets>grihond</ets>, Icel. <ets>greyhundr</ets>; grey greyhound +

<ets>hundr</ets> dog; cf. AS. <ets>gr?ghund</ets>. The origin of

the first syllable is unknown.]</ety> <def>A slender, graceful

breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one

of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian

monuments.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>grayhound</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Grey"lag`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See Graylag.</def>



<hw>Grib"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.

grib to bite.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine

isopod crustacean (<spn>Limnoria lignorum</spn> or <spn>L.

terebrans</spn>), which burrows into and rapidly destroys

submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe

and America.</def>



<hw>Grice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gris</ets>, <ets>grise</ets>; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.

<ets>gr?ss</ets>, Sw.  <ets>gris</ets>, Dan. <ets>grus</ets>,

also Gr. ?, Skr.  <ets>ghrshvi</ets>, boar. Cf. <er>Grise</er>,

<er>Griskin</er>.]</ety> <def>A little pig.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>grise</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Grice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gree</er>, a step.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Grid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A grating of thin

parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.</def>



<hw>Grid"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gredil</ets>, <ets>gredl</ets>, <ets>gridel</ets>, of Celtic

origin; cf.  W. <ets>greidell</ets>, Ir. <ets>greideal</ets>,

<ets>greideil</ets>, griddle, gridiron, <ets>greadaim</ets> I

burn, scorch. Cf. <er>Gridiron</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sieve with a wire bottom, used by

miners.</def>



<hw>Grid"dle*cake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cake

baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of

buckwheat or common flour.</def>



<hw>Gride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>e. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grided</er>; <pos>p. pr.

&  vb. n.</pos> <er>Griding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For gird,

properly, to strike with a rod. See <er>Yard</er> a measure, and

cf. <er>Grid</er> to strike, sneer.]</ety> <def>To cut with a

grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; <as>as,

the griding sword</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>That through his thigh the mortal steel did

<qex>gride</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Grade</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A harsh scraping or cutting; a

grating.</def>



<q>The <qex>grade</qex> of hatchets fiercely thrown.

On wigwam log, and tree, and stone.</q>

<qau>Whittier.</qau>



<hw>Grid"e*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gris de lin</ets> gray of flax, flax gray.]</ety> <def>A

color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>gredaline</asp>,

<asp>grizelin</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Grid"i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gredire</ets>, <ets>gredirne</ets>, from tthe same source as

E. <ets>griddle</ets>, but the ending wass confused with E.

<ets>iron</ets>. See <er>Griddle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An openwork frame on which

vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs.</def>



<-- <sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Sport)</fld> <def>A football field.</def>

-->



<cs><col>Gridiron pendulum</col>. <cd>See under Pendulum.</cd> --

<col>Gridiron valve</col></mcol> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a

slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to

openings in the seat on which the valve moves.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grief</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>grief</ets>, <ets>gref</ets>, OF. <ets>grief</ets>,

<ets>gref</ets>, F. <ets>grief</ets>, L. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy;

akin to Gr. ?, Skr. <ets>guru</ets>, Goth. <ets>ka?rus</ets>. Cf.

<er>Barometer</er>, <er>Grave</er>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<er>Grieve</er>, <er>Gooroo.</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pain of

mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering

arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends,

misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.</def>



<q>The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . .

that she died for <qex>grief</qex> of it.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or

distresses; trial; grievance.</def>



<q>Be factious for redress of all these <qex>griefs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>This <qex>grief</qex> (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of

that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot.</q>

<qau>Wood.</qau>



<cs><col>To come to grief</col>, <cd>to meet with calamity,

accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out

badly.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial;

grievance.</syn>  <usage><er>Grief</er>, <er>Sorrow</er>,

<er>Sadness</er>. <xex>Sorrow</xex> is the generic term; grief is

sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least,

in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind.

<xex>Sorrow</xex> is transient in many cases; but the

<xex>grief</xex> of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too

often turns into habitual sadness. \'bd<xex>Grief</xex> is

sometimes considered as synonymous with <xex>sorrow</xex>; and in

this case we speak of the transports of <xex>grief</xex>. At

other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful

affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities,

particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the

distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we

love and value.\'b8 <au>Cogan.</au>See

<er>Affliction</er>.</usage>



<hw>Grief"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of grief

or sorrow.</def>



<au>Sackvingle.</au>



<hw>Grief"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without grief.</def>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<hw>Grie"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Greggoe</er>.</def>



<hw>Griev"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Lamentable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Griev'ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

grcvance. See <er>Grieve</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong

done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or

resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.;

injury.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Grieving; grief; affliction.</def>



<q>The . . . <qex>grievance</qex> of a mind unreasonably

yoked.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.</syn>



<hw>Griev"an*cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Petition . . . against the bishops as grand

<qex>grievancers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<mhw><hw>Grieve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Greeve</hw></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>ger<?/fa</ets>. Cf. <er>Reeve</er>

an officer.]</ety> <def>A manager of a farm, or overseer of any

work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>Their children were horsewhipped by the <qex>grieve</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Grieve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grieved</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Grieving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>greven</ets>, OF.

<ets>grever</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gravare</ets> to burden, oppress,

fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy.  See <er>Grief.</er>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities

of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to

try.</def>



<q><qex>Grieve</qex> not the Holy Spirit of God.</q>

<qau>Eph. iv. 30.</qau>



<q>The maidens <qex>grieved</qex> themselves at my concern.</q>

<qau>Cowper,</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sorrow over; <as>as, to <ex>grieve</ex> one's

fate</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Grieve</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To feel grief; to be in

pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often

followed by <xex>at</xex>, <xex>for</xex>, or

<xex>over.</xex></def>



<q>Do not you <qex>grieve</qex> at this.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Griev"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, grieves.</def>



<hw>Griev"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sad; sorrowful; causing

grief.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of causing

grief; the state of being grieved.</def></def2>



 -- <wordforms><wf>Griev'ing-ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Griev"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF. grevous,

grevos, LL. gravosus. See <er>Grief</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear;

offensive; harmful.</def>



<q>The famine was <qex>grievous</qex> in the land.</q>

<qau>Gen. xii. 10.</qau>



<q>The thing was very <qex>grievous</qex> in Abraham's sight.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxi 11.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by great atrocity; heinous;

aggravated; flagitious; <as>as, a <ex>grievous</ex>

sin</as>.</def>



<au>Gen. xviii. 20.  </au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great

sorrow or affliction; <as>as, a <ex>grievous</ex> cry</as>.</def> 

-- <wordforms><wf>Griev"ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Griev"ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Griff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gripe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Grasp; reach.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A vein of gold ore within one spade's <qex>griff</qex>.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a

grasping.]</ety> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>An arrangement of

parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp

threads in a loom for weaving figured goods.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Griffe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a

mulatto.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Grif"fin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe.</def>



<au>H. Kingsley.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Grif"fin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Grif"fon</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>griffin</ets>,

<ets>griffon</ets>, <ets>griffoun</ets>, F. <ets>griffon</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>gryphus</ets>, equiv to <ets>gryps</ets>, Gr. <?/; --

so called because of the hooked beak, and akin to <?/ curved,

hook-nosed.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous monster, half lion

and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman

works of art.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A representation of this

creature as an heraldic charge.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of large vulture

(<spn>Gyps fulvus</spn>) found in the mountainous parts of

Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; -- called also

<altname>gripe</altname>, and <altname>grype</altname>. It is

supposed to be the \'bd<xex>eagle</xex>\'b8 of the Bible. The

bearded griffin is the lammergeir.</def> <altsp>[Written also

gryphon.]</altsp>



<-- p. 651 -->



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An English early apple.</def>



<hw>Grig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.

<ets>kr\'84k</ets> little creature, reptile; or D.

<ets>kriek</ets> cricket, E. <ets>cricket</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cricket or

grasshopper.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Any small eel</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The broad-nosed eel

See <er>Glut</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heath.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Audrey.</au>



<cs><col>As merry as a grig</col><cd> <ety>[etymology

uncertain]</ety>, a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of

\'bdAs merry as a Greek; \'b8 by others, to be an allusion to the

cricket.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gril</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gril</ets> harsh; akin to G. <ets>grell</ets> offending the

ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. <ets>grel</ets> angry; cf. AS.

<ets>gallan</ets> to provoke.]</ety> <def>Harah; hard; severe;

stern; rough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rom. of R.  </au>



<hw>Grill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>gril</ets>. See

<er>Grill</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

gridiron.</def>



<q>[They] make <qex>grills</qex> of [wood] to broil their

meat.</q>

<qau>Cotton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat,

fish, etc.</def>



<hw>Grill</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Grilled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &  vb.

n.</pos> <er>Grilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>griller</ets>, fr. <ets>gril</ets> gridiron, OF. 

<ets>gra\'8bl</ets>, L. <ets>craticulum</ets> for

<ets>craticula</ets> fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of

crates hurdle. See <er>Grate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To broil on a grill or gridiron.  Boiling of men

in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons.</def>



<au>Marvell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To torment, as if by broiling.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Gril*lade"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Grill</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act of grilling;

also, that which is grilled.</def>



<hw>Gril"lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Hydraulic Eagin.)</fld> <def>A framework of sleepers and

crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous

soil.</def>



<hw>\'d8Grille</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Grill</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A lattice or

grating.</def>



<q>The <qex>grille</qex> which formed part of the gate.</q>

<qau>L. Oliphant.  </qau>



<hw>Gril"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Grill</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To broil; to grill;

hence, To harass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Grilse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Etymol</ets>. <ets>uncertain</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon after its first return

from the sea.</def>



<hw>Grim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Grimmer</er> <pr>(-mer)</pr>;

superl. <er>Grimmest</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>grim</ets>; akin to G. <ets>grimm</ets>, equiv.  to G. & D.

<ets>grimmig</ets>, Dan. <ets>grim</ets>, <ets>grum</ets>, Sw.

<ets>grym</ets>, Icel.  grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile;

cf. Gr. <?/, a crushing sound, <?/ to neigh.]</ety> <def>Of

forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel;

frightful; horrible.</def>



<q>Whose <qex>grim</qex> aspect sets every joint a-shaking.</q>

<qau>Shak</qau>.



<q>The ridges of <qex>grim</qex> war.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible;

frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.</syn>



<hw>Gri*mace"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., prob. of

Teutonic origin; cf. AS. <ets>gr<?/ma</ets> mask, specter, Ical.

<ets>gr<?/ma</ets> mask, hood, perh. akin to E.

<ets>grin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A distortion of the countenance,

whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad occasional,

to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation,

complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face.</def>



<q>Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every

feature of it appeared under a different distortion.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<note><hand/ \'bdHalf the French words used affectedly by

Melantha in Dryden's \'bd<xex>Marriage a-la-Mode</xex>,\'b8 as

innovations in our language, are now in common usa:

<xex>chagrin</xex>, <xex>double</xex>--<xex>entendre</xex>,

<xex>\'82claircissement</xex>, <xex>embarras</xex>,

<xex>\'82quivoque</xex>, <xex>foible</xex>, <xex>grimace</xex>,

<xex>na\'8bvete</xex>, <xex>ridicule</xex>. All these words,

which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common

use.\'b8</note>



<au>I. Disraeli. </au>



<hw>Gri*mace"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make grimaces; to

distort one's face; to make faces.</def>



<au>H. Martineau.</au>



<hw>Gri*maced"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Distorted;

crabbed.</def>



<hw>Gri*mal"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

graymalkin; <ets>gray + malkin</ets>.]</ety> <def>An old cat,

esp. a she-cat.</def>



<au>J. Philips.  </au>



<hw>Grime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan. grim,

griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. <ets>gr<?/ma</ets> mask,

sort of hood, OD. <ets>grijmsel</ets>, <ets>grimsel</ets>, soot,

smut, and E. <ets>grimace</ets>.]</ety> <def>Foul matter; dirt,

rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.</def>



<hw>Grime</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sully or soil deeply; to

dirt.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Grim"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grimy

manner.</def>



<hw>Grim"i*ness</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

grimy.</def>



<hw>Grim"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Grim; hideous;

stern.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>In glided Margaret's <qex>grimly</qex> ghost,

And stood at William's feet.</q>

<qau>D. Mallet.  </qau>



<hw>Grim"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grim manner;

fiercely.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Grimme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

grimme.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African antelope

(<spn>Cephalophus rufilotus</spn>) of a deep bay color, with a

broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called also

<altname>conquetoon</altname>.</def>



<hw>Grim"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

grimnes.]</ety> <def>Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness;

forbiddingness.</def>



<hw>Grim"sir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stern

man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Grim"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Grimier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

superl. Grimiest.]</wordforms> <def>Full of grime; begrimed;

dirty; foul.</def>



<hw>Grin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>grin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A snare; a gin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Like a bird that hasteth to his <qex>grin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Remedy of Love.</qau>



<hw>Grin</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Grinned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &  vb.

n.</pos> <er>Grinning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>grinnen</ets>, <ets>grennen</ets>, AS. <ets>grennian</ets>,

Sw. <ets>grina</ets>; akin to D. <ets>grijnen</ets>, G.

<ets>greinen</ets>, OHG. <ets>grinan</ets>, Dan.

<ets>grine</ets>. <?/35. Cf. <er>Groan</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set the teeth together and open the lips, or

to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to

show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain.</def>



<q>The pangs of death do make him <qex>grin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Grin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To express by

grinning.</def>



<q><qex>Grinned</qex> horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.</q>



<hw>Grin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of closing the teeth

and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the

teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile.</def>



<au>I.Watts.</au>



<q>He showed twenty teeth at a <qex>grin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Grind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ground</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Grinding</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>grindan</ets>; perh. akin to L.

<ets>frendere</ets> to gnash, grind. Cf. <er>Grist</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill,

or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as

by the action of millstones.</def>



<q>Take the millstones, and <qex>grind</qex> meal.</q>

<qau>Is. xivii. 2.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction;

to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill;

to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.</def>



<q>To <qex>grind</qex> the subject or defraud the prince.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To study hard for examination.</def>

<mark>[College Slang]</mark>



<hw>Grind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the

millstones.</def>



<q>Send thee

Into the common prison, there to <qex>grind</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become ground or pulverized by friction;

<as>as, this corn <ex>grinds</ex> well</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To become polished or sharpened by friction;

<as>as, glass <ex>grinds</ex> smooth; steel <ex>grinds</ex> to a

sharp edge.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To move with much difficulty or friction; to

grate.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To perform hard aud distasteful service; to

drudge; to study hard, as for an examination.

<au>Farrar.</au></def>



<hw>Grind</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp.,

hard and uninteresting study.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>T. Hughes.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hard student; a dig.</def> <mark>[College

Slang]</mark>



<hw>Grind"ed</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>p. p.</pos> <mord>of

<er>Grind</er><mord>. <def>Ground.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.  </au>



<hw>\'d8Grin*de"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

Named after D. H. <ets>Grindel</ets>, a Russian.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The dried stems and leaves of tarweed

(<spn>Grindelia</spn>), used as a remedy in asthma and

bronchitis.</def>



<hw>Grind"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, grinds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the double teeth, used to grind or

masticate the food; a molar.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The restless flycatcher

(<spn>Seisura inquieta</spn>)  of Australia; -- called also

<altname>restless thrush</altname> and <altname>volatile

thrush</altname>. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to

which the name alludes.</def>



<cs><col>Grinder's asthma, phthisis, <or/ rot</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a lung disease produced by the mechanical

irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the

operation of grinding.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grind"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Leather

workers' materials.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<cs><col>Grindery warehouse</col>, <cd>a shop where leather

workers' materials and tools are kept on sale.

<mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Grind"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from Grind.</def>



<cs><col>Grinding frame</col>, <cd>an English name for a cotton

spinning machine. -- <col>Grinding mill</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

mill for grinding grain.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A lapidary's

lathe.</cd></cs>



<hw>Grind"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grinding

manner.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Grin"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bowfin; -- called also

<altname>Johnny Grindle</altname>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Grin"dle stone"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A grindstone.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Grind"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

drain.</def>



<hw>Grind"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flat,

circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening

tools, or shaping or smoothing objects.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To</col> <col>hold, pat, <or/ bring</col>

<col>one's nose to the grindstone</col></mcol>, <cd>to oppress

one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.</cd></cs>



<q>They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the

Laced\'91monians to <qex>hold their noses to the

grindstone</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir T. North.</qau>



<hw>Grin"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

grins.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Grin"ning*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grinning

manner.</def>



<hw>Grint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>3d pers. sing. pres.</pos>

of <er>Grind</er>, <ety>contr. from

<ets>grindeth</ets></ety>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Grin"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Grin</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, 1.</def>



<q>[He] <qex>grinte</qex> with his teeth, so was he wroth.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Grint"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Grinding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Grip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gryps</ets>, <ets>gryphus</ets>. See <er>Griffin</er>,

<er>Grype</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

griffin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Grip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>grip</ets>

furrow, hitch, D. <ets>greb</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small ditch or

furrow.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Grip</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To trench; to drain.</def>



<hw>Grip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>gripe</ets>. Cf.

<er>Grip</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Gripe</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An energetic or tenacious grasp;

a holding fast; strength in grasping.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which

members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another;

<as>as, a masonic <ex>grip</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That by which anything is grasped; a handle or

gripe; <as>as, the grip of a sword</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A device for grasping or holding fast to

something.</def>



<hw>Grip</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Grip</er> a grasp;

or P. <ets>gripper</ets> to seize; -- of German origin. See

<er>Gripe</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To give a grip to;

to grasp; to gripe.</def>



<hw>Gripe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Grype</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A vulture; the

griffin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Like a white hind under the <qex>gripe's</qex> sharp

claws.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Gripe's egg</col>, <cd>an alchemist's vessel.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>E. Jonson. </au>



<hw>Gripe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Griped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Griping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gripan</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>grijpen</ets>, G. <ets>greifen</ets>, OHG.

<ets>gr<?/fan</ets>, Icel. <ets>gripa</ets>, Sw.

<ets>gripe</ets>, Dan. <ets>gribe</ets>, Goth.

<ets>greipan</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>graibyti</ets>, Russ.

<ets>grabite</ets> to plunder, Skr. <ets>grah</ets>,

<ets>grabh</ets>, to seize. Cf. <er>Grip</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,

<er>Grope</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with

the fingers; to clutch.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To seize and hold fast; to embrace

closely.</def>



<q>Wouldst thou <qex>gripe</qex> both gain and pleasure ?</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause

pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects

of certain purgative or indigestible substances.</def>



<q>How inly sorrow <qex>gripes</qex> his soul.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gripe</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To clutch,

hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a

gripe.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To suffer griping pains.</def>



<au>Jocke.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To tend to come up into the

wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires

constant labor at the helm.</def>



<au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au>



<-- 4. to complain -->



<hw>Gripe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Grasp; seizure;

fast hold; clutch.</def>



<q>A barren scepter in my <qex>gripe</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a

grip; <as>as, the <ex>gripe</ex> of a sword</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A device for grasping or

holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching

distress; <as>as, the gripe of poverty</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines;

-- chiefly used in the plural.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The piece of

timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the

forefoot.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The compass or sharpness of a

ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep

a good wind.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An

assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts

in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands

passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent

swinging.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Gripe penny</col>, <col>a</col></mcol><cd> miser;

a niggard<-- ; a pinchpenny? -->.</cd></cs>



<au>D. L. Mackenzie. </au>



<hw>Gripe"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed to

gripe; extortionate.</def>



<hw>Grip"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>One who gripes;

an oppressor; an extortioner.</def>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Grip"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

griping or oppressive manner.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Gri"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The man who

manipulates a grip.</def>



<hw>Grippe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The influenza or epidemic catarrh.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Grip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, grips or seizes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In printing presses, the

fingers or nippers.</def>



<hw>Grip"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A grasp; a

gripe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Grip"ple</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Dim. fr. gripe.]</ety>

<def>Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Grip"ple*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

gripple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Grip"sack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A traveler's

handbag.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Gris</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF. & F., fr.

LL. <ets>griseus</ets>; of German origin; cf. MHG.

<ets>gris</ets>, G. <ets>greis</ets>, hoary. Cf.

<er>Grizzle</er>.]</ety> <def>Gray.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gris</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., fr.

<ets>gris</ets> gray. Cf. G. <ets>grauwerk</ets>  (lit. gray

work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel.  See <er>Gris</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A costly kind of fur.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gris</hw> <pr>(gr<icr/s)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Grice</er> a pig.]</ety> <def>A little pig.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gri"saille`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

from gris gray.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>

<def>Decorative painting in gray monochrome; -- used in English

especially for painted glass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of French fancy dress goods.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Gris"am`ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ambergris</er>.]</ety> <def>Ambergris.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Grise</hw> <pr>(gr<imac/s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Grice</er>, a pig.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Grise</hw> <pr>(gr<imac/s <or/ gr<emac/s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Prop. pl. of <ets>gree</ets> a step.]</ety> <def>A step (in

a flight of stairs); a degree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Every <qex>grise</qex> of fortune

Is smoothed by that below.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gris"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>griseus</ets>. See <er>Gris</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a light

color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or

grizzly.</def>



<au>Maunder.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gri*sette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. <ets>gris</ets> gray. Grisettes

were so called because they wore gray gowns made of this stuff. 

See <er>Gars</er>.]</ety> <def>A French girl or young married

woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman

who is fond of gallantry.</def>



<au>Sterne.</au>



<hw>Gris"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Grise a

<ets>pig + -kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>The spine of a hog.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gri"sled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Obs.]</ety>

<def>See Grizzled.</def>



<hw>Gris"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or state of being grisly; horrid.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Gris"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE,

<ets>grisly</ets>, <ets>grislich</ets>, AS. <ets>grislic</ets>,

<ets>gryslic</ets>, fr. <ets>gr<?/san t</ets>o shudder; cf. OD.

<ets>grijselick</ets> horrible, OHG.

<ets>grisenl</ets>?<ets>ch</ets>, and also AS.

<ets>gre</ets>?<ets>san</ets> to frighten, and E.

<ets>gruesome</ets>.]</ety> <def>Frightful; horrible; dreadful;

harsh; <as>as, <ex>grisly</ex> locks; a <ex>grisly</ex>

specter.</as></def> \'bdGrisly to behold.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>A man of <qex>grisly</qex> and stern gravity.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<cs><col>Grisly bear</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Grizzly</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gri"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>grison</ets> gray, gray-haired, <ets>gris</ets> gray. See

<er>Gris</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

South American animal of the family Mustelidae (<spn>Galictis

vittata</spn>). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail.

Its under parts are black. Also called <altname>South American

glutton</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> A South American monkey

(<spn>Lagothrix infumatus</spn>), said to be gluttonous.</def>



<hw>Gri"sons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Geog.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Inhabitants of the eastern

Swiss Alps</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <singf>sing.</singf> <def>The

largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.</def>



<hw>Grist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>grist</ets>, fr. <ets>grindan</ets>. See

<er>Grind</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Ground corn; that which is ground at one time;

as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal

it produces.</def>



<q>Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store.</q>

<qau>Tusser. Q.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Supply; provision.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In rope making, a given size of rope,

<xex>common grist</xex> being a rope three inches in

circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three

strands.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>All is grist that comes to his mill</col>, <cd>all that

he has anything to do with is a source of profit.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To bring grist to the maill</col>,

<cd>to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source

of profit. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <au>Ayliffe</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gris"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gristel</ets>, <ets>gristil</ets>, AS. <ets>gristl</ets>;

akin to OFries. <ets>gristel</ets>, <ets>grestel</ets>. Perh. a

dim. of <ets>grist</ets> but cf. OHG. <ets>krustila</ets>,

<ets>krostela</ets>. Cf. <er>Grist</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Cartilage. See <er>Cartilage</er>.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Gris"tly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle;

cartilaginous.</def>



<hw>Grist"mill"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mill for

grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or

portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom

mill.</def>



<hw>Grit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE,

<ets>greet</ets>, <ets>greot</ets>, sand, gravel, AS.

<ets>gre\'a2t</ets> grit, sant, dust; akin to OS

<ets>griott</ets>, OFries. <ets>gret</ets> gravel, OHG.

<ets>grioz</ets>, G. <ets>griess</ets>, Icel.

<ets>grj\'d3t</ets>, and to E. <ets>groats</ets>,

<ets>grout</ets>. See <er>Groats</er>, <er>Grout</er>, and cf.

<er>Grail</er> gravel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sand or gravel;

rough, hard particles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The coarse part of meal.</def>



<-- p. 652 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Grain, esp. oats or wheat,

hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked

wheat smaller than groats.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A hard, coarse-grained

siliceous sandstone; <as>as, millstone <ex>grit</ex></as>; --

called also <altname>gritrock</altname> and

<altname>gritstone.</altname>  The name is also applied to a

finer sharp-grained sandstone; <as>as, grindstone

<ex>grit</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen;

<as>as, a hone of good <ex>grit</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding

courage; fortitude.</def>



<au>C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.  </au>



<hw>Grit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give forth a

grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind.</def>



<q>The sanded floor that <qex>grits</qex> beneath the tread.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Grit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gritted</er>; <pos>p. pr. &, vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gritting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grind; to rub harshly

together; to grate; <as>as, to grit the teeth</as>.</def>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<hw>Grith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gri\'eb</ets> peace; akin to Icel. <ets>grid</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Peace; security; agreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Grit"rock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Grit"stone`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Grit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<hw>Grit"ti*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being gritty.</def>



<hw>Grit"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit;

full of hard particles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Spirited; resolute; unyielding.</def>

<mark>[Colloq., U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Griv"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>grivet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A monkey of

the upper Nile and Abyssinia (<spn>Cercopithecus

griseoviridis</spn>), having the upper parts dull green, the

lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known

to the ancient Egyptians. Called also

<altname>tota</altname>.</def>



<hw>Grize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>2d

Grise</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Griz"e*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gridelin</er>.</def>



<hw>Griz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gris</ets>: cf. <ets>grisaille</ets> hair partly gray, fr.

<ets>gris</ets> gray. See <er>Gris</er>, and cf.

<er>Grisaille</er>.]</ety> <def>Gray; a gray color; a mixture of

white and black.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Griz"zled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gray;

grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and

black.</def>



<q><qex>Grizzled</qex> hair flowing in elf locks.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Grlz"zly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat gray;

grizzled.</def>



<q>Old squirrels that turn <qex>grizzly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<cs><col>Grizzly bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large

and ferocious bear  (<spn>Ursus horribilis</spn>) of Western

North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the

great length of its claws.</cd></cs>



<hw>Griz"zly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Grizzlies</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

grizzly bear. See under <er>Grizzly</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In hydraulic mining, gratings

used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices.</def>

<mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Groan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Groaned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Groaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gronen</ets>,

<ets>granen</ets>, <ets>granien</ets>, AS. <ets>gr<?/nian</ets>,

fr.  the root of grennian to grin. \'fb35. See <er>2d Grin</er>,

and cf. <er>Grunt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give forth a

low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in

sorrow, or in derision; to moan.</def>



<q>For we . . . do <qex>groan</qex>, being burdened.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. v. 4.</qau>



<q>He heard the <qex>groaning</qex> of the oak.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott. </qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strive after earnestly, as with groans.</def>



<q>Nothing but holy, pure, and clear,

Or that which groaneth to be so.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<hw>Groan</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To affect by groans.</def>



<hw>Groan</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A low, moaning sound; usually,

a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress;

sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; <as>as, the

remark was received with <ex>groans</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Such <qex>groans</qex> of roaring wind and rain.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The wretched animal heaved forth such <qex>groans</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Groan"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Agonizing;

sad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Groat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LG.

<ets>gr\'d3te</ets>, orig., great, that is, a great piece of

coin, larger than other coins in former use. See

<er>Great</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An old English silver

coin, equal to four pence.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any small sum of money.</def>



<hw>Groats</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>grot</ets>, AS. <ets>gr\'betan</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>grautr</ets> porridge, and to E. <ets>gritt</ets>,

<ets>grout</ets>. See <er>Grout</er>.]</ety> <def>Dried grain, as

oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling,

cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits.</def>



<cs><col>Embden groats</col>, <cd>crushed oats.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gro"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly

written grosser, orig., one who sells by the <ets>gross</ets>, or

deals by wholesale, fr. F. <ets>grossier</ets>, marchand

grossier, fr. <ets>gros</ets> large, great. See

<er>Gross</er>.]</ety> <def>A trader who deals in tea, sugar,

spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities.</def>



<cs><col>Grocer's itch</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease of

the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gro"cer*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Groceries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>grosserie</ets> wholesale. See <er>Grocer</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee,

spices, etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural

form, in this sense.</def>



<q>A deal box . . . to carry <qex>groceries</qex> in.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood

bought <qex>grocery</qex> and millinery.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A retail grocer's shop or store.

<mark>[U.s.]</mark>;</def>



<hw>Grog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named fronm

\'bdOld <ets>Grog</ets>\'b8 a nickmname given to Admiral Vernon,

in allusion to his wearing a <ets>grogram</ets> cloak in foul

weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of

the sailors (about 1745).]</ety> <def>A mixture of spirit and

water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor.</def>



<cs><col>Grog blossom</col>, <cd>a redness on the nose or face of

persons who drink ardent spirits to excess.

<mark>[Collog.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Grog"ger*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Groggeries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. A grogshop</plu>.

<mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Grog"gi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>State of being groggy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>Tenderness or stiffness in the

foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling

manner.</def>



<hw>Grog"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of

pugilists.</def> <mark>[Cant or Slang]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>Moving in a hobbling manner,

owing to ten der feet; -- said of a horse.</def>



<au>Youatt.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Grog"ram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Grog"ran</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gros-grain</ets>, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See

<er>Gross</er>, and <er>Grain</er> a kernel, and cf.

<er>Grog</er>.]</ety> <def>A coarse stuff made of silk and

mohair, or of coarse silk.</def>



<hw>Grog"shop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shop or

room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.</def>



<hw>Groin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>groin</ets>, fr. <ets>grogner</ets> to grunt, L. 

<ets>grunnire</ets>.]</ety> <def>The snout of a swine.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Groin</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>grogner</ets> to

grunt, grumble.]</ety> <def>To grunt to growl; to snarl; to

murmur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Bears that <qex>groined</qex> coatinually.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Groin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>grein</ets>

distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. <ets>gren</ets>,

branch, space between the legs, Icel.  <ets>greina</ets> to

distinguish, divide, Sw. <ets>grena</ets> to branch, straddle.

Cf. <er>Grain</er> a branch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The line between the lower part of the

abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the

inguen.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The projecting solid angle

formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it

approaches the summit.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The surface formed by two

such vaults.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate

and retain shingle.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>Groin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Groined</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.  & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Groining</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>To fashion into groins; to build with groins.</def>



<q>The hand that rounded Peter's dome,

And <qex>groined</qex> the aisles of Christian Rome,

Wrought in a sad sincerity.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Groined</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>Built with groins; <as>as, a <ex>groined</ex> ceiling; a

<ex>groined</ex> vault</as>.</def>



<-- Illustr. of Groined Arch.  -->



<hw>Grom"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Grommet</er>.</def>



<hw>Grom"ill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Gromwell</er>.</def>



<hw>Grom"met</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gourmette</ets> curb, curb chain, fr. <ets>gourmer</ets> to

curb, thump, beat; cf.  Armor. <ets>gromm</ets> a curb,

<ets>gromma</ets> to curb.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A ring formed

by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a

metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written

<asp>grummet</asp>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A ring of rope used as a wad

to hold a cannon ball in place.</def>



<hw>Grom"well</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Called also

<ets>gromel</ets>, <ets>grommel</ets>, <ets>graymill</ets>, and

<ets>gray</ets> millet, all prob. fr. F.

<ets>gr</ets>?<ets>mil</ets>, cf. W.  <ets>cromandi</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Lithospermum</spn> (<spn>L. arvense</spn>), anciently used,

because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The

<stype>German gromwell</stype> is the

<stype>Stellera</stype>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gromill</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Grond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>obs. <pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Grind</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gron"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>obs. <pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Groan</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer</au>.



<hw>Groom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Scot.

<ets>grome</ets>, <ets>groyme</ets>, <ets>grume</ets>,

<ets>gome</ets>, <ets>guym</ets>, man, lover, OD. <ets>grom</ets>

boy, youth; perh. the <ets>r</ets> is an insertion as in

<ets>E</ets>. <ets>bridegroom</ets>, and the word is the same as

AS. guma man. See <er>Bridegroom</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy

who has charge of horses, or the stable.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of several officers of the English royal

household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; <as>as,

the <ex>groom</ex> of the chamber; the <ex>groom</ex> of the

stole.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A man recently married, or about to be married;

a bridegroom.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>Groom porter</col>, <cd>formerly an officer in the

English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the

king's lodgings and had certain privileges.</cd></cs>



<hw>Groom</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Groomed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.  & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Grooming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tend or care

for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.</def>



<hw>Groom"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a

flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.</def>



<hw>Grooms"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Groomsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A male attendant

of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of

bridesmaid<-- = best man -->.</def>



<hw>Groop"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grouper</er>.</def>



<hw>Groove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>groef</ets>, <ets>groeve</ets>; akin to E. 

<ets>grove</ets>. See <er>Grove</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by

cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water,

or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or

affairs; fixed routine.</def>



<q>The gregarious trifling of life in the social

<qex>groove</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Morley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Grove</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>A shaft or excavation.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Groove</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Grooved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Groving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut a groove or

channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.</def>



<hw>Groov"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who or that which grooves.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A miner.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Holloway.</au>



<hw>Groov"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of

grooves.</def>



<-- Groovy [colloq] = marvelous, wonderful, excellent; hip -->



<hw>Grope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Groped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Groping</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>gropen</ets>, <ets>gropien</ets>,

<ets>grapien</ets>, AS. <ets>gr<?/pian</ets> to touch, grope, fr.

<ets>gr<?/pan</ets> to gripe.  See <er>Gripe</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To feel with or use the hands; to handle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To search or attempt to find something in the

dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about

hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as

with the hands, when one can not see.</def>



<q>We <qex>grope</qex> for the wall like the blind.</q>

<qau>Is. lix. 10.</qau>



<q>To <qex>grope</qex> a little longer among the miseries and

sensualities ot a worldly life.</q>

<qau>Buckminster.</qau>



<hw>Grope</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To search out

by feeling in the dark; <as>as, we groped our way at

midnight</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To examine; to test; to sound.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Felix <qex>gropeth</qex> him, thinking to have a bribe.</q>

<qau>Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).</qau>



<hw>Grop"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who gropes;

one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.</def>



<hw>Grop"ing-ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a groping

manner.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gros</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Gross</er>.]</ety> <def>A heavy silk with a dull finish;

<as>as, <ex>gros</ex> de Naples; <ex>gros</ex> de

Tours.</as></def>



<hw>Gros"beak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gross</ets> + beak: cf. F. 

<ets>gros-bec</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common

European grosbeak or hawfinch is <xex>Coccothraustes

vulgaris</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ Among the best known American species are the

rose-breasted (<spn>Habia Ludoviciana</spn>); the blue

(<spn>Guiraca c\'d2rulea</spn>); the pine (<spn>Pinicola

enucleator</spn>); and the evening grosbeak. See

<er>Hawfinch</er>, and <cref>Cardinal grosbeak</cref>,

<cref>Evening grosbeak</cref>, under <er>Cardinal</er> and

<er>Evening</er>.</note> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>grossbeak</asp>.]</altsp>



<-- illustr. Rose-breasted Grosbeak, (<spn>Habia

Ludoviciana</spn>).  -->



<hw>\'d8Grosch"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A small silver coin and money of account of

Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new

monetary system of the empire.</def>



<hw>Gros"grain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf.

<er>Grogram</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a coarse texture; -- applied to

silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.</def>



<hw>Gross</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Grosser</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Grossest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>gros</ets>, L. <ets>grossus</ets>, perh. fr. L.

<ets>crassus</ets> thick, dense, fat, E. <ets>crass</ets>, cf.

Skr. <ets>grathita</ets> tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf.

<er>Engross</er>, <er>Grocer</er>, <er>Grogram</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size;

excessively large.</def> \'bdA <xex>gross</xex> fat man.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>A <qex>gross</qex> body of horse under the Duke.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in

perception or feeling; dull; witless.</def>



<q>Tell her of things that no <qex>gross</qex> ear can hear.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual

appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.</def>



<q>The terms which are delicate in one age become

<qex>gross</qex> in the next.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Thick; dense; not attenuated; <as>as, a gross

medium</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful;

<as>as, a <ex>gross</ex> mistake; <ex>gross</ex> injustice;

<ex>gross</ex> negligence.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Whole; entire; total; without deduction; <as>as,

the <ex>gross</ex> sum, or <ex>gross</ex> amount, the

<ex>gross</ex> weight</as>; -- opposed to

<contr>net.</contr></def>



<cs><col>Gross adventure</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>the loan of

money upon bottomry, <it>i. e.</it>, on a mortgage of a

ship.</cd> -- <col>Gross average</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that

kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of

ship, cargo, and freight; -- commonly called <altname>general

average</altname>.</cd> <au>Bouvier</au>. <au>Burrill</au>. --

<col>Gross receipts</col>, <cd>the total of the receipts, before

they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; --

distinguished from <xex>net profits</xex>.</cd> <au>Abbott</au>.

-- <col>Gross weight</col> <cd>the total weight of merchandise or

goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; --

distinguished from <xex>neat<xex>, or <xex>net<xex>,

<xex>weight<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gross</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>gros</ets> (in sense

1), <ets>grosse</ets> (in sense 2)  See <er>Gross</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The main body; the chief

part, bulk, or mass.</def> \'bdThe gross of the enemy.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>For the <qex>gross</qex> of the people, they are considered as

a mere herd of cattle.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pos>sing. & pl.</pos> <def>The number of twelve

dozen; twelve times twelve; <as>as, a <ex>gross</ex> of bottles;

ten <ex>gross</ex> of pens.</as></def>



<cs><col>Advowson in gross</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an

advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor.</cd> --

<col>A great gross</col>, <cd>twelve gross; one hundred and

forty-four dozen.</cd> -- <col>By the gross</col>, <cd>by the

quantity; at wholesale.</cd> -- <col>Common in gross</col>.

<fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Common</er>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<mcol><col>In the gross</col>, <col>In gross</col></mcol>, <cd>in

the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken

together.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gross"beak`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grosbeak</er>.</def>



<hw>Gross"-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Thick-skulled; stupid.</def>



<hw>Gross`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gross</ets> + L.  <ets>ficare</ets> (in comp.) to

make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of making

gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The swelling of the ovary of

plants after fertilization. Henslow.</def>



<hw>Gross"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a gross manner;

greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully;

disgracefully.</def>



<hw>Gross"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness;

shamefulness.</def>



<q>Abhor the swinish <qex>grossness</qex> that delights to wound

the' ear of delicacy.</q>

<qau>Dr. T. Dwight. </qau>



<hw>Gros"su*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>grossularius</ets>, from <ets>Grossularia</ets> a subgenus

of <ets>Ribes</ets>, including the gooseberry, fr. F.

<ets>groseille</ets>. See <er>Gooseberry</er>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; <as>as,

<ex>grossular</ex> garnet</as>.</def>



<hw>Gros"su*lar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Grossular</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A translucent garnet

of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also

<altname>grossularite</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gros`su*la"ria</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Grossular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Grossular</er>.</def>



<hw>Gros"su*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Grossular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A vegetable

jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (<spn>Ribes

Grossularia</spn>) and other fruits.</def>



<-- p. 653 -->



<hw>Grot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>grotte</ets>, It. <ets>grotta</ets>. See

<er>Grotto</er>.]</ety> <def>A grotto.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<mhw><hw>Grot</hw>, <hw>Grote</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A groat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gro*tesgue"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

It. <ets>grottesco</ets>, fr. <ets>grotta</ets> grotto. See

<er>Grotto</er>.]</ety> <def>Like the figures found in ancient

grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical;

extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic;

ludicrous; antic.</def> \'bd<xex>Grotesque</xex> design.\'b8

<au>Dryden</au>. \'bd<xex>Grotesque</xex> incidents.\'b8

<au>Macaulay</au>.



<hw>Gro*tesque</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A whimsical

figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and

grottoes.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Artificial grotto-work.</def>



<hw>Gro*tesque"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grotesque

manner.</def>



<hw>Gro*tesque"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

grotesque.</def>



<hw>Grot"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Grottoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Formerly

<ets>grotta</ets>, fr. It. <ets>grotta</ets>, LL.

<ets>grupta</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crypta</ets> a con cealed

subterranran passage vault, cavern, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ concealed,

fr. <?/ to conceal. Cf. <er>Grot</er>, <er>Crypt</er>.]</ety>

<def>A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an

artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.</def>



<hw>Grot"to-work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a

grotto.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Ground</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ground</ets>, <ets>grund</ets>, AS. <ets>grund</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>grond</ets>, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. <ets>grund</ets>,

Icel. <ets>grunnr</ets> bottom, Goth. <ets>grundus</ets> (in

composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh.

akin to E. <ets>grind</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The surface

of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite

portion of it.</def>



<q>There was not a man to till the <qex>ground</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. ii. 5.</qau>



<q>The fire ran along upon the <qex>ground</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ex. ix. 23. </qau>



Hence: <def>A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the

earth</def>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any definite portion of the earth's surface;

region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to,

or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of

action; <as>as, a hunting or fishing <ex>ground</ex>; a play

<ex>ground</ex>.</as></def>



<q>From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from

Syrian <qex>ground</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Land; estate; possession; field; esp.

(<pluf>pl.</pluf>), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging

to a homestead; <as>as, the <ex>grounds</ex> of the estate are

well kept</as>.</def>



<q>Thy next design is on thy neighbor's <qex>grounds</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden. 4. </qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The basis on which anything rests; foundation.

Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a

premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of

existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; <as>as, the

<ex>ground</ex> of my hope</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Paint. & Decorative Art)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>That surface upon which the figures of a composition are

set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of

one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another;

<as>as, crimson Bowers on a white <ex>ground</ex></as></def>. See

<er>Background</er>, <er>Foreground</er>, and

<er>Middle-ground</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In sculpture, a flat

surface upon which figures are raised in relief</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>In point lace, the net of small meshes upon

which the embroidered pattern is applied; <as>as, Brussels

<ex>ground</ex></as>. See <cref>Brussels lace</cref>, under

<er>Brussels</er>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Etching)</fld> <def>A gummy composition spread

over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid

from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the pieces of wood,

flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached;

-- usually in the plural.</def>



<note><hand/ Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering

floated flush with them.</note>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A composition in

which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is

continually repeated to a varying melody.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.</def>



<au>Moore (Encyc.).</au>



<q>On that <qex>ground</qex> I'll build a holy descant.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A conducting connection with

the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical

circuit.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Sediment at the bottom of

liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; <as>as, coffee

grounds</as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>The pit of a theater.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson. </au>



<cs><col>Ground angling</col>, <cd>angling with a weighted line

without a float.</cd> -- <col>Ground annual</col> <fld>(Scots

Law)</fld>, <cd>an estate created in land by a vassal who instead

of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent,

which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land.</cd> --

<col>Ground ash</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Groutweed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground bailiff</col>

<fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a superintendent of mines.

<au>Simmonds</au>.</cd>  -- <col>Ground bait</col>, <cd>bits of

bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to

collect the fish, <au>Wallon</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ground

bass</col> <or/ <col>base</col></mcol> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>,

<cd>fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to

a varied melody.</cd> --  <col>Ground beetle</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of carnivorous

beetles of the family <spn>Carabid\'91</spn>, living mostly in

burrows or under stones, etc.</cd> -- <col>Ground chamber</col>,

<cd>a room on the ground floor.</cd> --  <col>Ground

cherry</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A genus 

(<spn>Physalis</spn>) of herbaceous plants having an inflated

calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato  (<spn>P.

Alkekengi</spn>). See <er>Alkekengl</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

European shrub (<spn>Prunus Cham\'91cerasus</spn>), with small,

very acid fruit.</cd> -- <col>Ground cuckoo</col>. 

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chaparral cock</er>.</cd> --

<col>Ground cypress</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Lavender

cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground dove</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several small American pigeons

of the genus <spn>Columbigallina</spn>, esp. <spn>C.

passerina</spn> of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They

live chiefly on the ground.</cd> -- <col>Ground fish</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any fish which constantly lives on the

botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut.</cd> --

<col>Ground floor</col>, <cd>the floor of a house most nearly on

a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in

England, the <altname>first floor</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ground

form</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the stem or basis of a word,

to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation.

It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root.<-- = lemma

--></cd> -- <col>Ground furze</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low

slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (<spn>Ononis arvensis</spn>) of

Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also

<altname>rest-harrow</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ground game</col>,

<cd>hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game.</cd>

-- <col>Ground hele</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a perennial herb

(<spn>Veronica officinalis</spn>) with small blue flowers, common

in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative

properties.</cd> -- <col>Ground of the heavens</col>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the surface of any part of the

celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as

projected.</cd> -- <col>Ground hemlock</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the yew (<spn>Taxus baccata</spn> var.

<spn>Canadensisi</spn>) of eastern North America, distinguished

from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems.</cd> --

<col>Ground hog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The

woodchuck or American marmot (<spn>Arctomys monax</spn>). See

<er>Woodchuck</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The aardvark.</cd> --

<col>Ground hold</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>ground

tackle.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser</au>. -- <col>Ground

ice</col>, <cd>ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before

it forms on the surface.</cd> -- <col>Ground ivy</col>.

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A trailing plant; alehoof. See

<er>Gill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground joist</col>, <cd>a joist for a

basement or ground floor; a. sleeper.</cd> -- <col>Ground

lark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European pipit. See

<er>Pipit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground laurel</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Trailing arbutus</er>, under

<er>Arbutus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground line</col>

<fld>(Descriptive Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the line of intersection of

the horizontal and vertical planes of projection.</cd> --

<col>Ground liverwort</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a flowerless

plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on

peduncled and radiated receptacles (<spn>Marchantia

polymorpha</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ground mail</col>, <cd>in

Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard.</cd> --

<col>Ground mass</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the fine-grained

or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its

constituents are embedded.</cd> -- <col>Ground parrakeet</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several Australian parrakeets,

of the genera <spn>Callipsittacus</spn> and

<spn>Geopsittacus</spn>, which live mainly upon the ground.</cd>

-- <col>Ground pearl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an insect

of the family <spn>Coccid\'91</spn> (<spn>Margarodes

formicarum</spn>), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and

having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made

into necklaces by the natives.</cd> -- <col>Ground pig</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, burrowing, African rodent

(<spn>Aulacodus Swinderianus</spn>) about two feet long, allied

to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; --

called also <altname>ground rat</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ground

pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species

of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the

tooth-billed pigeon (<spn>Didunculus strigirostris</spn>), of the

Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See

<er>Goura</er>, and <er>Ground dove</er> (<it>above</it>).</cd>

-- <col>Ground pine</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

blue-flowered herb of the genus <spn>Ajuga</spn> (<spn>A.

Cham\'91pitys</spn>), formerly included in the genus

<spn>Teucrium</spn> or germander, and named from its resinous

smell. <au>Sir L. Hill</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A long,

creeping, evergreen plant of the genus <spn>Lycopodium</spn>

(<spn>L. clavatum</spn>); -- called also <altname>club

moss</altname>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A tree-shaped evergreen

plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (<spn>L.

dendroideum</spn>) found in moist, dark woods in the northern

part of the United States. <au>Gray</au>.</cd> -- <col>Ground

plan</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a plan of the ground floor of

any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation

or perpendicular section.</cd> -- <col>Ground plane</col>,

<cd>the horizontal plane of projection in perspective

drawing.</cd> -- <col>Ground plate</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>One of the chief pieces of framing of a

building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to

support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <cd>A bed plate for sleepers

or ties; a mudsill.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld> <cd>A

metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric

current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main

is usual in cities. <au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Ground

plot</col>, <cd>the ground upon which any structure is erected;

hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan.</cd> --

<col>Ground plum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous plant

(<spn>Astragalus caryocarpus</spn>) occurring from the

Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped

pod.</cd> -- <col>Ground rat</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Ground pig</er> (<it>above</it>).</cd> -- <col>Ground

rent</col>, <cd>rent paid for the privilege of building on

another man's land.</cd> -- <col>Ground robin</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chewink</er>.</cd> --

<col>Ground room</col>, <cd>a room on the ground floor; a lower

room. <au>Tatler</au>.</cd> -- <col>Ground sea</col>, <cd>the

West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm

weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy

roaring billows; -- called also <altname>rollers</altname>, and

in Jamaica, <altname>the North sea</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ground

sill</col>. <cd>See <er>Ground plate</er> (<it>a</it>)

(<it>above</it>).</cd> -- <col>Ground snake</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small burrowing American snake

(<spn>Celuta am\'d2na</spn>). It is salmon colored, and has a

blunt tail.</cd> -- <col>Ground squirrel</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One of numerous species of

burrowing rodents of the genera <spn>Tamias</spn> and

<spn>Spermophilus</spn>, having cheek pouches. The former genus

includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied

Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or

striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species.

See <er>Chipmunk</er>, and <er>Gopher</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>Any species of the African genus <spn>Xerus</spn>, allied to

<spn>Tamias</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Ground story</col>. <cd>Same as

<cref>Ground floor</cref> (<it>above</it>).</cd> -- <col>Ground

substance</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the intercellular

substance, or matrix, of tissues.</cd> -- <col>Ground

swell</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>The plant

groundsel. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Holland</au>.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean,

caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote

distance after the gale has ceased.</cd> -- <col>Ground

table</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See Earth table, under

Earth.</cd> -- <col>Ground tackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor.

<au>Totten</au>.</cd> -- <col>Ground thrush</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of

bright-colored Oriental birds of the family

<spn>Pittid\'91</spn>. See <er>Pitta</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground

tier</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The lowest tier of water casks in a

vessel's hold. <au>Totten</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The lowest

line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold.</cd>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The lowest range of boxes in a theater.</cd> --

<col>Ground timbers</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <cd>the

timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson;

floor timbers. <au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Ground tit</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ground wren</er>

(<it>below</it>).</cd> -- <col>Ground wheel</col>, <cd>that wheel

of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the

ground, drives the mechanism.</cd> -- <col>Ground wren</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small California bird

(<spn>Cham\'91a fasciata</spn>) allied to the wrens and titmice.

It inhibits the arid plains. Called also <altname>gronnd

tit</altname>, and <xex>wren lit</xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To

bite the ground</col>, <col>To break ground</col></mcol>. <cd>See

under <er>Bite</er>, <er>Break</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To come

to the ground</col>, <col>To fall to the ground</col></mcol>,

<cd>to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry.</cd> -- <col>To

gain ground</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To advance; to proceed

forward in confict; as, an army in battle <ex>gains

ground</ex>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To obtain an advantage; to

have some success; as, the army <xex>gains ground<xex> on the

enemy.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To gain credit; to become more

prosperous or influential.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To get</col>, <or/

<col>To gather</col>, <col>ground</col></mcol>, <cd>to gain

ground. <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdEvening mist . . . <xex>gathers

ground<xex> fast.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.</cd>



<q>There is no way for duty to prevail, and <qex>get ground</qex>

of them, but by bidding higher.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



-- <col>To give ground</col>, <cd>to recede; to yield

advantage.</cd>



<q>These nine . . . began <qex>to give</qex> me

<qex>ground</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



--<col>To lose ground</col>, <cd>to retire; to retreat; to

withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to

lose credit or reputation; to decline.</cd> -- <col>To stand

one's ground</col>, <cd>to stand firm; to resist attack or

encroachment. <au>Atterbury</au>.</cd>  -- <col>To take the

ground</col> <cd>to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a

ship.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ground</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grounded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Grounding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To lay, set, or run, on the ground.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation,

reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix

firmly.</def>



<q>Being rooted and <qex>grounded</qex> in love.</q>

<qau>Eph. iii. 17.</qau>



<q>So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a

God, would, on the contrary, <qex>ground</qex> even an argument

to his negation.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton </qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To instruct in elements or first

principles.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>To connect with the ground so

as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To cover with a ground,

as a copper plate for etching (see <er>Ground</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform

tint as a preparation for ornament.</def>



<hw>Ground</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To run aground; to strike

the bottom and remain fixed; <as>as, the ship grounded on the

bar</as>.</def>



<hw>Ground</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Grind</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Ground cock</col>, <cd>a cock, the plug of which is

ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression

cock.</cd> <au>Knight</au>. -- <col>Ground glass</col>, <cd>glass

the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its

surface roughened by grinding.</cd> -- <col>Ground

joint</col></mcol>, <cd>a close joint made by grinding together

two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine

sand and water.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ground"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A local tax

paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in

port.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Ground"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grounded or

firmly established manner.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Ground"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.

p.</pos> of <er>Grind</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ground"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act, method, or

process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary

instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of

color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.</def>



<hw>Ground"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>grundle\'a0s</ets> bottomless.]</ety> <def>Without ground or

foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized;

false; <as>as, <ex>groundless</ex> fear; a <ex>groundless</ex>

report or assertion.</as></def> --

<wordforms><wf>Ground"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>  --

<pos>Ground"less*ness</pos>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ground"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Ground</ets> +

<ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spectator in the pit of a theater, which

formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches.</def>



<q>No comic buffoon to make the <qex>groundlings</qex> laugh.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Ground"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Solidly; deeply;

thoroughly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Those whom princes do once <qex>groundly</qex> hate, Let them

provide to die as sure us fate.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Ground"nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fruit of the Arachis

hypog\'91a (native country uncertain); the peanut; the

earthnut.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A leguminous, twining plant 

(<spn>Apios tuberosa</spn>), producing clusters of dark purple

flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste.

</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The dwarf ginseng (<spn>Aralia

trifolia</spn>). <mark>[U. S.]</mark> <au>Gray</au>. </def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A European plant of the genus Bunium (<spn>B.

flexuosum</spn>) having an edible root of a globular shape aud

sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth chestnut,

hawknut, and pignut.</def>



<hw>Ground"sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>grundswilie</ets>, AS. <ets>gpundeswylige</ets>,

<ets>grundeswelge</ets>, earlier gundiswilge; <ets>gund</ets>

matter, pus + <ets>swelgan</ets> to swallow. So named as being

good for a running from the eye. See <er>Swallow</er>,

<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual composite

plant (<spn>Senecio vulgaris</spn>) one of the most common, and

widely distributed weeds on the globe.</def>



<hw>Ground"sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ground</ets> + <ets>sill</ets>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Ground</er></def>



<hw>Ground"sill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, plate <sd>(a)</sd>,

under <er>Ground</er>.</def>



<hw>Ground"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which

forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the

essential or fundamental part; first principle.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Group</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F

<ets>groupe</ets>, It. <ets>gruppo</ets>, <ets>groppo</ets>,

cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. <ets>origin</ets>: cf. G.

<ets>krepf</ets> craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See <er>Crop</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cluster, crowd, or

throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected

without any regular form or arrangement; <as>as, a <ex>group</ex>

of men or of trees; a <ex>group</ex> of isles</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assemblage of objects in a certain order or

relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic;

<as>as, groups of strata</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A variously limited

assemblage of animals or planta, having some resemblance, or

common characteristics in form or structure. The term has

different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a

genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several

orders.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A number of eighth, sixteenth,

etc., notes joined at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely

applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.</def>



<hw>Group</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Grouped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Grouping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>grouper</ets>. See <er>Group</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in

groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best

effect; to form an assemblage of.</def>



<q>The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the

painters term it, in <qex>grouping</qex> such a multitude of

different objects.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<cs><col>Grouped columns</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>three or

moro columns placed upon the same pedestal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Group"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted fr.

Pg. <ets>garupa</ets> crupper. Cf. <er>Garbupa</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several species of

valuable food fishes of the genus <spn>Epinephelus</spn>, of the

family <spn>Serranid\'91</spn>, as the red grouper, or brown

snapper  (<spn>E. morio</spn>), and the black grouper, or warsaw

(<spn>E. nigritus</spn>), both from Florida and the Gulf of

Mexico.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tripletail

(<spn>Lobotes</spn>)</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In California, the

name is often applied to the rockfishes.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>groper</asp>, <asp>gruper</asp>, and

<asp>trooper</asp>.]</altsp>



<-- p. 654 -->



<hw>Group"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Fine

Arts)</fld> <def>The disposal or relative arrangement of figures

or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in

ornamental design.</def>



<hw>Grouse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<ety>[Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier

<ets>grice</ets>, OF. <ets>griesche</ets> meor hen: cf. F.

<ets>piegri\'8ache</ets> shrike.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.<def>)</fld> Any of the numerous species of

gallinaceous birds of the family <spn>Tetraonid\'91</spn>, and

subfamily <spn>Tetraonin\'91</spn>, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and

North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered

legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the

ptarmigans (<spn>Lagopus</spn>), having feathered feet.</def>



<note><hand/ Among the European species are the red grouse

(<spn>Lagopus Scoticus</spn>) and the hazel grouse (<spn>Bonasa

betulina</spn>). See <er>Capercaidzie</er>, <er>Ptarmigan</er>,

and <er>Heath grouse</er>. Among the most important American

species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge

(<spn>Bonasa umbellus</spn>); the sharp-tailed grouse

(<spn>Pedioc\'91tes phasianellus</spn>) of the West; the dusky

blue, or pine grouse (<spn>Dendragapus obscurus</spn>) of the

Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (<spn>D.

Canadensis</spn>). See also <er>Prairie hen</er>, and <er>Sage

cock</er>. The Old World sand grouse (<spn>Pterocles</spn>,

<it>etc.</it>) belong to a very different family. See

<er>Pterocletes</er>, and <cref>Sand grouse</cref>.</note>



<hw>Grouse</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To seek or shoot

grouse.</def>



<hw>Grou"ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>(<er>Dredging</er>, <er>Pile Driving</er>, <it>etc.</it>) A

pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to

thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.</def>



<hw>Grout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>grut</ets>; akin to <ets>grytt</ets>, G.

<ets>gr\'81tze</ets>, <ets>griess</ets>, Icel. <ets>grautr</ets>,

Lith. <ets>grudas</ets> corn, kernel, and Z.

<ets>groats</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Coarse meal; ground

malt; pl. groats.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formerly, a kind of beer or ale.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Lees; dregs; grounds.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>  \'bd<xex>Grouts</xex> of tea.\'b8



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the

joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in

finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt.</def>



<hw>Grout</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Grouted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Grouting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fill up or finish with

grout, as the joints between stones.</def>



<hw>Graut"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Growthead</er>.</def>



<hw>Grout"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process of filling in

or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Grout"nol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Groat</er>, and <er>Noll</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Same as <er>Growthead.</er></def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.  </au>



<hw>Grout"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cross; sulky;

sullen.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Grove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>graf</ets>, fr. <ets>grafan</ets> to dig. <def>The original

sense seems to have been <it>a lane cut through trees</it>. See

<er>Grave</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, and cf. <er>Groove</er>.]</ety> A

smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood,

planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of

small extent.</def>



<note><hand/ The Hebrew word <it>Asherah</it>, rendered

<it>grove</it> in the Authorized Version of the Bible, is left

untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern

interpreters agree that by <it>Asherah</it> an idol or image of

some kind is intended.</note>



<hw>Grov"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Groveled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Grovelled</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Groveling</er> or <er>Grovelling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[From OE. <ets>grovelinge</ets>, <ets>grufelinge</ets>,

<pos>adv.</pos>, on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a

p. pr.; cf.  OE. <ets>gruf</ets>, <ets>groff</ets>, in the same

sense; of Scand. origin, cf.  Icel. <ets>gr<umac/fa</ets>, in

<ets><amac/ gr<umac/fu</ets> on the face, prone,

<ets>gr<umac/fa</ets> to grovel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To creep

on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or

move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat

on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl.</def>



<q>To creep and <qex>grovel</qex> on the ground.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual

or base; to be low, abject, or mean.</def>



<hw>Grov"el*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

grovels; an abject wretch.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<au>groveller</au>.]</altsp>



<hw>Grov"el*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lying prone; low;

debased.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>grovelling</asp>.]</altsp> \'bdA <xex>groveling</xex>

creature.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Grov"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting,

groves.</def>



<au>Dampier.</au>



<hw>Grow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Grew</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Grown </er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Growing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>grawan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>groeijen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>groa</ets>, Dan. <ets>groe</ets>, Sw. <ets>gro</ets>. Cf.

<er>Green</er>, <er>Grass</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in

bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living

organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their

organs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To increase in any way; to become larger and

stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to

accrue.</def>



<q>Winter began to <qex>grow</qex> fast on.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<q>Even just the sum that I do owe to you

Is <qex>growing</qex> to me by Antipholus.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To spring up and come to matturity in a natural

way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish;

<as>as, rice <ex>grows</ex> in warm countries</as>.</def>



<q>Where law faileth, error <qex>groweth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To pass from one state to another; to result as

an effect from a cause; to become; <as>as, to <ex>grow</ex>

pale</as>.</def>



<q>For his mind

Had <qex>grown</qex> Suspicion's sanctuary.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To become attached of fixed; to adhere.</def>



<q>Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they

<qex>grow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Growing cell</col>, or <col>Growing slide</col>,

<cd>a device for preserving alive a minute object in water

continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be

watched under the microscope.</cd> -- <col>Grown over</col>,

<cd>covered with a growth.</cd> -- <col>To grow out of</col>,

<cd>to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from

the main stem; to result from.</cd>



<q>These wars have <qex>grown out of</qex> commercial

considerations.</q>

<qau>A. Hamilton. </qau>



-- <cs><col>To grow up</col>, <cd>to arrive at full stature or

maturity; as, <ex>grown up</ex> children.</cd> -- <-- ##error

here in original: duplication of: To grow up --> <col>To grow

together</col>, <cd>to close and adhere; to become united by

growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed.</cd>

<au>Howells.</au></syn



<syn>Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve;

expand; extend.</def>



<hw>Grow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to

grow; to cultivate; to produce; <as>as, to <ex>grow</ex> a crop;

to <ex>grow</ex> wheat, hops, or tobacco.</as></def>



<au>Macaulay.</syn



<syn>Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See <er>Raise</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, 3.</def>



<hw>Grow"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

growth.</def>



<hw>Grow"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Arm.

<ets>grouan gravel</ets>, Corn. <ets>grow gravel</ets>,

sand.]</ety> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A decomposed granite,

forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall.</def>



<hw>Grow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who grows

or produces; <as>as, a <ex>grower</ex> of corn</as>; also, that

which grows or increases; <as>as, a vine may be a rank or a slow

<ex>grower</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Growl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Growled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. e.</pos>

<er>Growling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>grollen t</ets>o

grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. <ets>grollen</ets> to be

angry.]</ety> <def>To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry

dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<hw>Growl</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To express by

growling.</def>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>Growl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The deep, threatening sound

made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.</def>



<hw>Growl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who growls.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The large-mouthed black

bass.</def> <mark>[Local]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A four-wheeled cab.</def> <mark>[Slang,

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Growl"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a growling

manner.</def>



<hw>Grown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Grow</er>.</def>



<hw>Growse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>gruesome</ets>, <ets>grcwsome</ets>, and G.

<ets>grausen</ets> to make shudder, shiver.]</ety> <def>To

shiver; to have chills.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Growth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. gro<?/r,

gr<?/<?/i. See <er>Grow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The process

of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable

body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or

maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.;

augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence;

<as>as, the <ex>growth</ex> of trade; the <ex>growth</ex> of

power; the <ex>growth</ex> of intemperance.  Idle weeds are fast

in <ex>growth</ex>.</as></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which has grown or is growing; anything

produced; product; consequence; effect; result.</def>



<q>Nature multiplies her fertile <qex>growth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Growt"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Lit.,

<ets>greathead</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lazy person; a

blockhead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Growth"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

capacity of growth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>J. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Groyne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Groin</er>.</def>



<hw>Gro"zing i"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tool

with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond

for cutting glass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Plumbing)</fld> <def>A tool for smoothing the

solder joints of lead pipe.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Grub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grubbed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Grubbing</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>grubbin</ets>., cf.

E. <ets>grab</ets>, <ets>grope</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is

difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drudge; to do menial work.</def>



<au>Richardson.</au>



<hw>Grub</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dig; to dig

up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed by up;

<as>as, to <ex>grub</ex> up trees, rushes, or sedge</as>.</def>



<q>They do not attempt to <qex>grub</qex> up the root of sin.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To supply with food.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Grub</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called

also grubworm. See <it>Illust.</it> of <cref>Goldsmith

beetle</cref>, under <er>Goldsmith</er>.</def>



<q>Yet your butterfly was a <qex>grub</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A short, thick man; a dwarf.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Carew.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Victuals; food.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Grub ax</col> <or/ <col>axe</col>, <cd>a kind of

mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc.</cd> -- <col>Grub

breaker</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Grub hook</er>

(<xex>below</xex>).</cd> -- <col>Grub hoe</col>, <cd>a heavy hoe

for grubbing.</cd> -- <col>Grub hook</col>, <cd>a plowlike

implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc.</cd> --

<col>Grub saw</col>, <cd>a handsaw used for sawing marble.</cd>

-- <col>Grub Street</col>, <cd>a street in London (now called

<altname>Milton Street</altname>), described by Dr. Johnson as

\'bdmuch inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries,

and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called

<xex>grubstreet<xex>.\'b8 As an adjective, suitable to, or

resembling the production of, Grub Street.</cd></cs>



<q>I 'd sooner ballads write, and <qex>grubstreet</qex> lays.</q>

<qau>Gap.</qau>



<hw>Grub"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,

grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax,

.grub hook, etc.</def>



<hw>Grub"bla</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[Freq.

of <ets>grub</ets>, but cf. <ets>grabble</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

feel or grope in the dark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Grub"by</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Grub</er>.]</ety>

<def>Dirty; unclean.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>grubby</qex> game of marbles.</q>

<qau>Lond. Sat. Rev.</qau>



<hw>Grub"by</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any

species of <spn>Cottus</spn>; a sculpin.</def> <mark>[Local, U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Grub"worm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grub</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

1.</def>



<q>And gnats and <qex>grubworms</qex> crowded on his view.</q>

<qau>C. Smart.</qau>



<hw>Grucche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Grudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To murmur; to grumble.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What aileth you, thus for <qex>grucche</qex> and groan.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Grudge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grudger</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Grudging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>grutchen</ets>,

<ets>gruchen</ets>, <ets>grochen</ets>, to murmur, grumble, OF.

<ets>grochier</ets>, <ets>grouchier</ets>, <ets>grocier</ets>,

<ets>groucier</ets>; cf.  Icel. <ets>krytja</ets> to murmur,

<ets>krutr</ets> a murmur, or E. <ets>grunt</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To look upon with desire to possess or to

appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to

covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; --

followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and

indirect objects.</def>



<q>Tis not in thee To <qex>grudge</qex> my pleasures, to cut off

my train.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not

<qex>grudge</qex> us our employments.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>They have <qex>grudged</qex> us contribution.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or

purpose; to cherish enviously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Perish they

That <qex>grudge</qex> one thought against your majesty !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Grudge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to

complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.</def>



<q>Grudge not one against another.</q>

<qau>James v. 9. </qau>



<q>He eats his meat without grudging.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To feel compunction or grief.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Fisher.  </au>



<hw>Grudge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sullen malice or

malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an

old cause of hatred or quarrel.</def>



<q>Esau had conceived a mortal <qex>grudge</qex> and eumity

against hie brother Jacob.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a

<qex>grudge</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor. </qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Slight symptom of disease.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat

the <qex>grudges</qex> of more dreaded calamities.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite.

See <er>Pique</er>.</syn>



<hw>Grudge"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

grudge; envious.</def> \'bd<xex>Grudgeful d</xex>iscontent.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<mhw><hw>Grud"geons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gur"geons</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from P.

<ets>grugir</ets> to craunch; cf. D. <ets>gruizen</ets> to crush,

<ets>grind</ets>, and E. <ets>grout</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coarse

meal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gruddg"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

grudges.</def>



<hw>Grudg"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grudging

manner.</def>



<hw>Grudg"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness.</def>



<hw>Gru"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>gruel</ets>, F. <ets>gruau</ets>; of German origin; cf. OHG.

<ets>gruzzi</ets> groats, G. <ets>gr\'81tze</ets>, As.

<ets>grut</ets>. See <er>Grout</er>.]</ety> <def>A light, liquid

food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or fiour in water

or milk; thin porridge.</def>



<hw>Gru"el*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like gruel; of the

consistence of gruel.</def>



<hw>Grue"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Grewsome</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Gruf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Grovel</er>.]</ety> <def>Forwards; with one's face to the

ground.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They fellen <qex>gruf</qex>, and cryed piteously.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Gruff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Gruffer</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Gruffest</er>.]</ety> <ety>[D.

<ets>grof</ets>; akin to G. <ets>grob</ets>, OHG.

<ets>gerob</ets>, grob, Dan. <ets>grov</ets>, Sw.

<ets>grof</ets>, perh. akin to AS. <ets>rc\'a2fan</ets> to break,

Z. <ets>reavc</ets>, rupture, <ets>g-</ets> standing for the AS.

prefix <ets>ge-</ets>, Goth. <ets>ga-</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a

rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly;

severe; harsh.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<q><qex>Gruff</qex>, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Gruff"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>  --

<wf>Gruff"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gru"gru palm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See <cref>Macaw

tree</cref>, under <er>Macaw</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>grigri palm</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gru"gru worm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The larva or grub of a large South American beetle

(<spn>Calandra palmarum</spn>), which lives in the pith of palm

trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a

delicacy.</def>



<hw>Grum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.

<ets>grum</ets> furious, Sw. <ets>grym</ets>, AS.

<ets>gram</ets>, and E. <ets>grim</ets>, and <ets>grumble</ets>.

<?/35.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Morose; severe of countenance;

sour; surly; glum; grim.</def> \'bdNick looked sour and

<xex>grum</xex>.\'b8



<au>Arbuthnof.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling;

as,</def>



<hw>Grum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grunbled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Grumbling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>grummeln</ets>,

<ets>grumman</ets>, D. <ets>grommelen</ets>, <ets>grommen</ets>,

and F. <ets>grommeler</ets>, of German origin; cf. W.

<ets>grwm</ets>, murmur, grumble, surly. <root/35. Cf.

<er>Grum</er>, <er>Grim</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To murmur

or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a

low voice and a surly manner.</def>



<q>L'Avare, not using half his store,

Still grumbles that he has no more.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To growl; to snarl in deep tones; <as>as, a lion

grumbling over his prey</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy

sound; to mutter; <as>as, the distant thunder

grumbles</as>.</def>



<hw>Grum"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To express or utter with

grumbling.</def>



<hw>Grum"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The noise of

one that grumbles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grumbling, discontented disposition.</def>



<q>A bad case of <qex>grumble</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mrs. H. H. Jacksn. </qau>



<hw>Grum"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

grumbles.</def>



<hw>Grum"bling*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grumbling

manner.</def>



<hw>Grume</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>grume</ets>, cf. F. <ets>grumeau</ets> a little heap, clot

of blood, dim. fr. L. <ets>grumus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick,

viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood.</def>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<hw>Grumb"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grum

manner.</def>



<hw>Gru*mose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.</def>



<hw>Gru"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>grumeleux</ets>. See <er>Grume</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted;

<as>as, grumous blood</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grumose</er>.</def>



<hw>Gru"mous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

grumous.</def>



<hw>gRUMPI*LY</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>ADV.</pos> <def>In a surly

manner; sullenly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>gRUMPY</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Grumblle</er>, and <er>Grum</er>.]</ety> <def>Surly;

dissatisfied; grouty.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<au>Ferby.</au>



<hw>Grun"del</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Groundling</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

groundling (fish).</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Grundsel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Grounsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Grunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Grunted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Grunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>grunten</ets>; akin to As. <ets>grunian</ets>, G.

<ets>grunzen</ets>, Dan. <ets>grynte</ets>, Sw.

<ets>grymta</ets>; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E.

<ets>groan</ets>.]</ety> To make a deep, short noise, as a hog;

to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound.



<q>Who would fardels bear,

To <qex>grunt</qex> and sweat under a weary life.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Grunting ox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

yak.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 655 -->



<hw>Grunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species

of American food fishes, of the genus <spn>H\'91mulon</spn>,

allied to the snappers, <as>as, the black grunt (<spn>A. 

Plumieri</spn>), and the redmouth grunt  (<spn>H.

aurolineatus</spn>), of the Southern United States; -- also

applied to allied species of the genera <spn>Pomadasys</spn>,

<spn>Orthopristis</spn>, and <spn>Pristopoma</spn>. Called also

pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise

it makes when taken.</def>



<hw>Grunt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog.</def>

\'bdBristled grunters.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several American

marine fishes. See <er>Sea robin</er>, and <er>Grunt</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Brass Founding)</fld> <def>A hook used in

lifting a crucible.</def>



<hw>Grunt"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a grunting

manner.</def>



<hw>Grua"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Freq. of

<ets>grunt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To grunt; to grunt

repeatedly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Grunt"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young

hog.</def>



<hw>Grutch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Grudge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gru"y\'8are` cheese</hw><def>\'b6 (<?/). A kind of cheese

made at <xex>Gruy\'8are</xex>, <xex>Switzerland</xex>. It is a

firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is known in the United

States as <xex>Schweitzerk\'84se</xex>.</def>



<hw>Gry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr <?/ syllable,

bit.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A measure equal to one tenth of a

line.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything very small, or of little value.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gryde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gride. See

<er>Gride</er>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gryf"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Griffin</er>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gryl"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

<ets>locust</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

insects including the common crickets.</def>



<hw>Grype</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To gripe.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Gripe</er>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Grype</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gry`f</grk>,

<grk>grypo`s</grk>, griffin. See <er>Griffin</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A vulture; the griffin.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>gripe</asp>.]</altsp>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Gry*ph\'91"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. I <ets>gryphus</ets>, or <ets>qryps</ets>, gen.

<ets>gryphis</ets>, a <ets>griffin</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of cretaceous fossil shells

allied to the oyster.</def>



<hw>Gryph"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. 

<ets>gryphite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A shell of

the genus Gryphea.</def>



<hw>Gryph"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The griffin vulture.</def>



<hw>\'d8Grys"bok</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. 

<ets>grijs</ets> gray + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South African antelope

(<spn>Neotragus melanotis</spn>).  It is speckled with gray and

chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gua*cha"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.

<ets>gu\'a0charo</ets> sickly, dropsical, <ets>guacharaca</ets> a

sort of bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A nocturnal bird

of South America and Trinidad (<spn>Steatornis Caripensis</spn>,

or <spn>S. steatornis</spn>); -- called also

<altname>oilbird.</altname></def>



<note><hand/ It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but

feeds on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place

of butter, is extracted from the young by the natives.</note>



<hw>Gua"cho</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Guachos</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[Spanish American.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian)

inhabitants of the pampas of South America; a mestizo.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An Indian who serves as a messenger.</def>



<hw>Gua"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant (<spn>Aristolochia

anguicida</spn>) of Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent

bites.</def> <au>Lindley</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Mikania

Guaco</spn>, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.</def>



<hw>Gua"iac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Guaiacum</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling,

guaiacum.</def> --  <wordforms><pos>n.</pos>

<wf>Guaiacum</wf>.</wordforms>



<hw>Gua"ia*cum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Sp. <ets>guayaco</ets>, from native name in Hayti.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of small, crooked

trees, growing in tropical America.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The heart wood or the resin of the <spn>Guaiacum

offinale</spn> or lignum-vit\'91, a large tree of the West Indies

and Central America. It is much used in medicine.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>guaiac</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Guan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>((Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of

Certal and South America, belonging to <spn>Penelope</spn>,

<spn>Pipile</spn>, <spn>Ortalis</spn>, and allied genera. Several

of the species are often domesticated.</def>



<hw>Gua"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Iguana</er>.</def>



<hw>Gua*na"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Guanacos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.  <ety>[Sp.

<ets>guanaco</ets>, Peruv. <ets>huanacu</ets>. Cf.

<er>Huanaco</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South

American mammal (<spn>Auchenia huanaco</spn>), allied to the

llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the

southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the

llama in a wild state.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>huanaco</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gua"ni*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>A strongly alkaline base,

<chform>CN3H5</chform>, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and

also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of

creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and

ammonia.</def><-- NH2.CNH.NH2 -->



<hw>Gua*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Guano</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding

guano.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Gua"nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline substance

(<chform>C5H5N5O</chform>) contained in guano. It is also a

constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in

mammals.</def>



<hw>Gua"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Guanos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>guano</ets>,

fr. Peruv. <ets>huanu</ets> dung.]</ety> <def>A substance found

in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea

fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in

phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful

fertilizer.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gua"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Braz.

<ets>guar\'a0</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The scarlet ibis. See <er>Ibis</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A large-maned wild dog of South America (<spn>Canis

jubatus</spn>) -- named from its cry.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gua"ra*na`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pg.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A preparation from the

seeds of <spn>Paullinia sorbilis</spn>, a woody climber of

Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and also in the cure

of headache.</def>



<hw>Gua"ra*nine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same

as <er>Caffeine</er>.</def>



<hw>Guar`an*tee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Guarantees</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[For guaranty,

prob. influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See

<er>Guaranty</er>, and cf. <er>Warrantee</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment

of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the

failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable

to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or

insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security.

Same as Guaranty.</def>



<q>His interest seemed to be a <qex>guarantee</qex> for his

zeal.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who binds himself to see an undertaking of

another performed; a guarantor.</def>



<qau>South.</qau>



<note><hand/ Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom a guaranty

is made; --  the correlative of guarantor.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Guarantee</er>, <er>Warranty.</er> <usage>A

guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not

done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities

or title of a thing at the time of the engagement.</usage>



<hw>Guar"an*tee`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>guaranteed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p, pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Guaranteeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Guarantee</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>In law and common

usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the

performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure

(a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified

contingency, or at all avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to

engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to

warrant; <as>as, to <ex>guarantee</ex> the execution of a

treaty</as>.</def>



<q>The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union

a republican form of government.</q>

<qau>Constitution of the U. S.</qau>



<hw>Guar"an*tor`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Guaranty</er>, and cf. <er>Warrantor</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who makes or gives a

guaranty; a warrantor; a surety.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who

engages to secure another in any right or possession.</def>



<hw>Guar"an*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Guaranies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OF.

<ets>guarantie</ets>, <ets>garantie</ets>, F.

<ets>garantie</ets>, OF. <ets>guarantir</ets>,

<ets>garantir</ets>, to warrant, to <ets>guaranty</ets>, E.

<ets>garantir</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>guarant</ets>,

<ets>garant</ets>, a warranter, F. <ets>garant</ets>; of German

origin, and from the same word as warranty. See <er>Warrant</er>,

and cf. <er>Warranty</er>, <er>Guarantee</er>.]</ety> <def>In law

and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the payment of

some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of

another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform;

a guarantee; a warranty; a security.</def>



<hw>Guar"an*ty</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Guarantied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Guarantying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Guaranty</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>In law and common

usage: To undertake or engage that another person shall perform

(what he hass stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the

debt or default of another); to engage to answer for the

performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a

failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure

(something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See

<er>Guarantee</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Guaranty</xex> agrees in form with

<xex>warranty</xex>. Both <xex>guaranty</xex> and

<xex>guarantee</xex> are well authorized by legal writers in the

United States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is

<xex>guarantee</xex>.</note>



<hw>Guard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Guarded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

&, vb. n.</pos> <er>Gurding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>guarder</ets>, <ets>garder</ets>, warder, F.

<ets>garder</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>wart<?/n</ets> to be on the

watch, await, G. <ets>marten</ets>. See <er>Ward</er>,

<pos>v.</pos> & <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Guard</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To protect from danger; to

secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to

defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect

by attendance; toaccompany for protection; to vare for.</def>



<q>For Heaven still <qex>guards</qex> the right.</q>



<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape

or restrain from acts of violence, or the like.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental

border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.</def>



<-- (<xex?  Spelling bad in this section -- look -->

<q>The body of your discourse it sometime <qex>guarded</qex> with

fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fasten by binding; to gird.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.</syn>



<hw>Guard</hw> <pr>(g<aum/rd)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in a

state or position of defense or safety; <as>as, careful persons

<ex>guard</ex> against mistakes</as>.</def>



<hw>Guard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>guarde</ets>, F.

<ets>garde</ets>; of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>wart</ets>,

<ets>marto</ets>, one who watches, <ets>mata</ets> a watching,

Goth. <ets>wardja</ets> watchman. See <er>Guard</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, guards from injury,

danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection.</def>



<q>His greatness was no <qex>guard</qex> to bar heaven's

shaft.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or

control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel.</def>



<q>The <qex>guard</qex> which kept the door of the king's

house.</q>

<qex>Kings xiv. 27.</qex>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway

train; a conductor.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or

secure against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or

loss</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a sword hilt which

protects the hand</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Ornamental lace or hem

protecting the edge of a garment</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A chain

or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress</def>.

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A fence or rail to prevent falling from the

deck of a vessel</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>An extension of the

deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam

vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which curves out on

each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft

against collision.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A plate of metal,

beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having

a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger</def>. <sd>(g)</sd>

<fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>An interleaved strip at the back,

as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when

filled.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet

and saber exercise.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An expression or admission intended to secure

against objections or censure.</def>



<q>They have expressed themselves with as few <qex>guards</qex>

and restrictions as I.</q>

<qau>Atterbury. </qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Watch; heed; care; attention; <as>as, to keep

guard</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fibrous sheath which

covers the phragmacone of the Belemnites.</def>



<note><hand/ Guard is often used adjectively or in combination;

as, guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard

duty.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Advanced guard</col>, <col>Coast guard</col>,

etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Advanced</er>, <er>Coast</er>,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Grand guard</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one of

the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance

posts of an army. <au>Mahan</au>.</cd> -- <col>Guard boat</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships

of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good

lookout.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A boat used by harbor authorities

to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations.</cd> --

<col>Guard cells</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the bordering cells

of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain

chlorophyll.</cd> -- <col>Guard chamber</col>, <cd>a

guardroom.</cd> -- <col>Guard detail</col> (<fld>Mil.</fld),

<cd>men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard

duty.</cd> -- <col>Guard duty</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the

duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or

sentinels.</cd> -- <col>Guard lock</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>,

<cd>a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin.</cd> --

<col>Guard of honor</col> <fld>(Mil.</cd>)</fld>, <cd>a guard

appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons.</cd> --

<col>Guard rail</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a rail placed

on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a

safeguard against derailment.</cd> -- <col>Guard ship</col>,

<cd>a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a

harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till

they can be distributed among their respective ships.</cd> --

<col>Life guard</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a body of select

troops attending the person of a prince or high officer.</cd> --

<col>Off one's guard</col>, <cd>in a careless state; inattentive;

unsuspicious of danger.</cd> -- <col>On guard</col>, <cd>serving

in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel;

watching.</cd> -- <col>On one's guard</col>, <cd>in a watchful

state; alert; vigilant.</cd> -- <col>To mount guard</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to go on duty as a guard or sentinel.</cd>

-- <col>To run the guard</col><cd>/mcol>, <cd>to pass the watch

or sentinel without leave.</cd></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy;

escort; care; attention; watch; heed.</syn>



<hw>Guard"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gardable</ets>. See <er>Guard</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Capable of being guarded or protected.</def>



<hw>Guard"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>wardage</ets>. See <er>Guard</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Wardship</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Guard"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>guardant</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>guard<?/</ets>.

See <er>Guard</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Acting as guardian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Gardant</er>.</def>



<hw>Guard"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A guardian.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Guard"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cautious; wary;

circumspect; <as>as, he was <ex>guarded</ex> in his

expressions</as>; framed or uttered with caution; <as>as, his

expressions were <ex>guarded</ex></as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Guard"edly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Guard"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Guard"en*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Guardianship.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark> \'bd His

tuition and guardenage.\'b8



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Guard"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

guards.</def>



<hw>Guard"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The garfish.</def>



<hw>Guard"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cautions;

wary; watchful.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic.]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>Guard"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Guard"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A building which is occupied by the guard,

and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a

lock-up.</def>



<hw>Guard"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>guardain</ets>, <ets>gardien</ets>, F. <ets>gardien</ets>,

LL. <ets>guardianus</ets>. See <er>Guard</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,

and cf. <er>Wasden</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who guards,

preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is

committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury;

a warden.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who has, or is entitled to,

the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor

without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own

affairs.</def>



<q>Of the several species of <qex>guardians</qex>, the first are

<qex>guardians</qex> by nature. -- viz., the father and (in some

cases) the mother of the child.</q>

<qau>Blockstone.</qau>



<cs><col>Guardian ad litem</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a

particular suit.</cd> -- <col>Guardians of the poor</col>,

<cd>the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the

relief of the poor within a township, or district.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 656 -->



<hw>Guard"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Performing,

or appropriate to, the office of a protector; <as>as, a

<ex>guardian</ex> care</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Feast of Guardian Angels</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>

<cd>a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated

on October 2d.</cd> -- <col>Guardian angel</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of

the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each

human being from birth.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Hence, a protector

or defender in general. <au>O. W. Holmes</au>.</cd> --

<col>Guardian spirit</col>, <cd>in the belief of many pagan

nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that

presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a

region.</cd></cs>



<hw>Guard"i*an*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Guardianship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Guard"i*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Guardianship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Guard"i*an*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

guardian.</def>



<q>I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Guard"i*an*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

guardian.</def>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Guard"i*an*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office, duty, or

care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch.</def>



<hw>Guard"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

guard or defense; unguarded.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Guard"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The room occupied by the guard during its

term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.</def>



<hw>Guards</hw> <pr>(g<aum/rdz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A

body of picked troops; <as>as, \'bdThe Household

<xex>Guards.</xex>\'b8</as></def>



<hw>Guard"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Care; protection.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Guards"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Guardsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who guards; a guard.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member, either officer or private, of any

military body called Guards.</def>



<hw>Guar"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>guarir</ets>, <ets>garir</ets>, F. 

<ets>gu\'82rir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To heal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Gua`te*ma"la grass"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Teosinte</er>.</def>



<hw>Gua"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>guayaba</ets> the guava fruit, <ets>guayabo</ets> the guava

tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.]</ety> <def>A

tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus <spn>Psidium.</spn> Two

varieties are well known, the <spn>P. pyriferum</spn>, or

<altname>white guava</altname>, and <spn>P. pomiferum</spn>, or

<altname>red guava</altname>.  The fruit or berry is shaped like

a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent,

but makes a delicious jelly.</def>



<hw>Gu"ber*nance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Government.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gu"ber*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gubernatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gubernare</ets>. See

<er>Govern</er>.]</ety> <def>To govern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>Gu"ber*na`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gubernatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of governing;

government</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>I. Watts.  </au>



<hw>Gu"ber*na*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Governing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

gubernator governor. See <er>Gabernate</er>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to a governor, or to government.</def>



<hw>Gud"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. gojon, F.

goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr.  <?/ Cf.  <er>1st Goby</er>.

]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European

freshwater fish (<spn>Gobio fluviatilis</spn>), allied to the

carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait.

In America the killifishes or minnows are often called

<altname>gudgeons.</altname></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>What may be got without skill or merit.</def>



<q>Fish not, with this melancholy bait,

For this fool <qex>gudgeon</qex>, this opinion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person easily duped or cheated.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The pin of iron fastened in

the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly,

any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a

hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A metal eye or socket

attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the

rudder.</def>



<cs><col>Ball gudgeon</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Ball</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gud"geon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To deprive fraudulently;

to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>To be <qex>gudgeoned</qex> of the opportunities which had been

given you.</q>

<qau>Sir IV. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Gue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sharper; a

rogue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Webstar.  </au>



<mhw><hw>Gue"ber</hw> <hw>Gue"bre</hw></mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Gheber</er>.</def>



<hw>Guel"der*rose'</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Supposed to be brought from <ets>Guelderland</ets>; hence,

D. <ets>Geldersche roos</ets>, G. <ets>Gelderische rose</ets>, F.

<ets>rose de Gueldre</ets>, It. <ets>rose di Gueldra</ets>, Sp.

<ets>rosa de Gueldres</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

cultivated variety of a species of <spn>Viburnum</spn> (<spn>V.

Opulus</spn>), bearing large bunches of white flowers; -- called

also <altname>snowball tree</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Guelph</hw>, <hw>Guelf</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>Guelfo</ets>, from <ets>Welf</ets>,

the name of a German family.]</ety> <fld>(Hist.)</fld> <def>One

of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th

centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and

opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Guelph"ic</hw>, <hw>Guelf"ic</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the family

or the facttion of the Guelphs.</def>



<hw>\'d8Guenon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several long-tailed Oriental

monkeys, of the genus <spn>Cercocebus</spn>, as the green monkey

and grivet.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gue`parde"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. 

<ets>gu\'82pard</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

cheetah.</def>



<hw>Guer"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>guerdon</ets>, <ets>guerredon</ets>, LL.

<ets>widerdonum</ets> (influenced by L. <ets>donum</ets> gift,

cf. <er>Donation</er> ), fr. OHG. <ets>widarl<?/n</ets>;

<ets>widar</ets> again, against (G. <ets>wider</ets>

<ets>wieder</ets>) + <ets>l<omac/n</ets> reward, G.

<ets>lohn</ets>, akin to AS. <ets>le\'a0n</ets> Goth.

<ets>laun</ets>. See <er>Withers</er>.]</ety> <def>A reward;

requital; recompense;  -- used in both a good and a bad

sense.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>So young as to regard men's frown or smile

As loss or <qex>guerdon</qex> of a glorious lot.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just

<qex>guerdon</qex> of all his former villainies.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<hw>Guer"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

guerdonner, guerredonner. See <er>Guerdon</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a

recompense for.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Him we gave a costly bribe

To <qex>guerdon</qex> silence.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Guer"don*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>guerredonable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of reward.</def>



<au>Sir G. Buck.  </au>



<hw>Guer"don*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without reward or

guerdon.</def>



<hw>Gue*re"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful Abyssinian monkey

(<spn>Colobus guereza</spn>), having the body black, with a

fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides, and a tuft of

the same at the end of the tail.  The frontal band, cheeks, and

chin are white.</def>



<hw>Gue*ril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Guerrilla</er>.</def>



<hw>Guer"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gu\'82rite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A

projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of

works, or the acute angles of bastions.</def>



<hw>Guern"sey lil"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

South African plant (<spn>Nerine Sarniensis</spn>) with handsome

lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.</def>



<hw>Guer*ril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., lit.,

a little war, skirmish, dim. of <ets>guerra</ets> war, fr. OHG.

<ets>werra</ets> discord, strife. See <er>War</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the

constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of

Spain during the Peninsular war.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who carries on, or assists in carrying on,

irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band

engaged in predatory excursions in war time.</def>



<note><hand/ The term <xex>guerrilla</xex> is the diminutive of

the Spanish word <it>guerra</it>, war, and means <xex>petty

war</xex>, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally

in the mountains.  . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular

band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able,

according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on

what the law terms a <xex>regular war</xex>.



<au>F. Lieder.</au>

</note>



<hw>Guer*ril"la</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or

engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent

bands; <as>as, a <ex>guerrilla</ex> party; <ex>guerrilla</ex>

warfare.</as></def>



<hw>Guess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Guessed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Guessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gessen</ets>; akin

to Dan. <ets>gisse</ets>, Sw. <ets>gissa</ets>, Icel.

<ets>gizha</ets>, D. <ets>gissen</ets>: cf. Dan.

<ets>giette</ets> to guess, Icel. <ets>geta</ets> to get, to

guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and akin to E.

<ets>get</ets>. See <er>Get</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form

an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge;

to judge of at random; to conjecture.</def>



<q>First, if thou canst, the harder reason <qex>guess</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons

that seem preponderating, but are not decisive.</def>



<q>We may then guess how far it was from his design.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress,

To be Taxallan enemies I <qex>guess</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture

rightly; <as>as, he who <ex>guesses</ex> the riddle shall have

the ring; he has <ex>guessed</ex> my designs</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To hit upon or reproduce by memory.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Tell me their words, as near as thou canst <qex>guess</qex>

them.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- 

followed by an objective clause.</def>



<q>Not all together; better far, I <qex>guess</qex>,

That we do make our entrance several ways.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>But in known images of life I <qex>guess</qex>

The labor greater.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine;

think; imagine; fancy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Guess</er>,

<er>Think</er>, <er>Reckon</er>. <xex>Guess</xex> denotes, to

attempt to hit upon at random; <as>as, to <ex>guess</ex> at a

thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on

hidden or very slight grounds: as, to <ex>guess</ex> a riddle; to

<ex>guess</ex> out the meaning of an obscure passage</as>. The

use of the word <ex>guess</ex> for think or believe, although

abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as

antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may

properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used

respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no

uncertainty; <as>as, I <ex>guess</ex> I 'll go to

bed</as>.</usage>



<hw>Guess</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a guess or random

judgment; to conjecture; -- with at, about, etc</def>



<q>This is the place, as well as I may <qex>guess</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Guess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An opinion as to anything,

formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an

attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture;

a surmise.</def>



<q>A poet must confess

His art 's like physic -- but a happy <qex>guess</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Guess"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being guessed.</def>



<hw>Guess"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of

knowing.</def>



<hw>Guess"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of

conjecture.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Guess"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Conjectural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Guess" rope"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

guess warp.</def>



<hw>Guess" warp"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; -- so

called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be

carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant

object.</def>



<hw>Guess"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work

performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.</def>



<hw>Guest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gest</ets>, AS. <ets>g\'91st</ets>, <ets>gest</ets>; akin to

OS., D., & G. <ets>gust</ets>, Icel <ets>gestr</ets>, Sw.

<ets>g\'84st</ets>, Dan. <ets>Gj\'84st</ets>, Goth.

<ets>gast</ets>, Russ. <ets>goste</ets>, and to L.

<ets>hostis</ets> enemy, stranger; the meaning

<ets>stranger</ets> is the older one, but the root is unknown.

Cf. <er>Host</er> an army, <er>Hostile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house

or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay.</def>



<q>To cheer his <qex>gueste</qex>, whom he had stayed that

night.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest.

Welcome the coming, speed the parting <qex>guest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Guest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To receive or

entertain hospitably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sylvester.</au>



<hw>Guest</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be, or act the part of,

a guest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And tell me, best of princes, who he was

That <qex>guested</qex> here so late.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Guest" rope"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The

line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.  </au>



<hw>Guest"wise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

manner of a guest.</def>



<hw>Gue'vi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of several very small species and varieties of African

antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or

kleeneboc (C. pyg. <xex>m\'91a</xex>); -- called also pygmy

antelope.</def>



<hw>Guf*faw"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A loud burst

of laughter, a horse laugh.</def> \'bdA hearty low

<xex>guffaw</xex>.\'b8



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Guf"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The eelpout; guffer eel.</def>



<hw>Gug"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gurgle</er>.</def>



<hw>Guhr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A

loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts

of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a

mixture of clay or ocher.</def>



<qau>P. Cleaveland.</qau>



<hw>Gui"ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Guaiac</er>.</def>



<hw>Gui"a*col</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Guiac</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid,

<chform>C6H4,OCH3.OH</chform><-- ##comma in original. error? -->,

resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar

creosote, aud produced by the dry distillation of guaiac

resin.</def>



<hw>Gui"a*cum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Guaiacum</er>.</def>



<hw>Guib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A West African antelope  (<spn>Tragelaphus scriptus</spn>),

curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn

ground, and hence called <altname>harnessed antelope</altname>;

-- called also <altname>guiba.</altname></def>



<hw>\'d8Gui"co*war</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>[Mahratta <ets>g<amac/ekw<amac/r</ets>, prop., a cowherd.] 

The title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; --

generally called the <altname>Guicowar of Baroda</altname>, which

is the capital of the country.</def>



<hw>Guid"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being guided; willing to be guided or counseled.</def>



<au>Sprat.</au>



<hw>Guid"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<ets>Guide</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The reward given to a

guide for services.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Guidance; lead; direction.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Guid"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Guide</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or result of guiding; the

superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government;

a leading.</def>



<q> His studies were without <qex>guidance</qex> and without

plan.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Guide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Guided</er>; <pos>p. pr. 

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Guiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>guiden</ets>, <ets>gyden</ets>, F. <ets>guiaer</ets>, It. 

<ets>guidare</ets>; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth.

<ets>ritan</ets> to watch over, give heed to, Icel.

<ets>viti</ets> signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant,

to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf.

<er>Wit</er>, <er>Guy</er> a rope, <er>Gye.</er>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a

course or path; to pilot; <as>as, to guide a traveler</as>.</def>



<q>I wish . . . you 'ld <qex>guide</qex> me to your sovereign's

court.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to

superintend the training or education of; to instruct and

influence intellectually or morally; to train.</def>



<q>He will <qex>guide</qex> his affairs with discretion.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxii. 5.</qau>



<q>The meek will he guide in judgment.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxv. 9.  </qau>



<hw>Guide</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>giae</ets>, F.

<ets>guide</ets>, It. <ets>guida</ets>. See <er>Guide</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person who leads or

directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one

who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also,

that which guides; a guidebook.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, directs another in his

conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator.</def>



<q>He will be our <qex>guide</qex>, even unto death.</q>

<qau>Ps. xlviii. 14.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any contrivance, especially one having a

directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the

motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a

machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an

operator</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Water Wheels)</fld> <def>A

blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel

buckets</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Surgery)</fld> <def>A grooved

director for a probe or knife</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>

<fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A strip or device to direct the

compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A noncommissioned officer or

soldier placed on the directiug flank of each subdivision of a

column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots,

formations, marches, and alignments in tactics.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<cs><col>Guide bar</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a

steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the

motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being

a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called also

<altname>guide</altname>, and <altname>slide bar</altname>.</cd>

-- <col>Guide block</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a block

attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide

bar.</cd> --  <col>Guide meridian</col>. <fld>(Surveying)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>Meridian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Guide pile</col>

<fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a pile driven to mark a place, as a

point to work to.</cd> -- <col>Guide pulley</col>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a pulley for directing or changing the

line of motion of belt; an idler. <au>Knight</au>.</cd>  --

<col>Guide rail</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>an additional

rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on

the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep

gradients.</cd></cs>



<hw>Guide"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A board,

as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or information as

to the road.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Guide"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A book of

directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc.</def>



<hw>Guide"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a guide.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Guide"post`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A post at

the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to direct

travelers.</def>



<hw>Guid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A guide; a

director.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Guid"er*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

guide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Guid"guid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American ant bird of the genus

<spn>Hylactes</spn>; -- called also <altname>barking

bird</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gui"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>guidon</ets>, It. <ets>guidone</ets>. See <er>Guide</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small flag or

streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end

and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the

movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also,

the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service,

each company of cavalry has a guidon.</def>



<q>The pendants and <qex>guidons</qex> were carried by the

officer of the army.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<-- p. 657 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who carries a flag.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of a community established at Rome, by

Charlemagne, to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land.</def>



<hw>Gulge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Gige</er>.</def>



<hw>Guild</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gilds</ets>, AS. <ets>gild</ets>, <ets>gield</ets>,

<ets>geld</ets>, tribute, a society or company where payment was

made for its charge and support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay.

See <er>Yield</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in

kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a

business fraternity or corporation; <as>as, the Stationers'

<ex>Guild</ex>; the Ironmongers' <ex>Guild</ex></as>. They were

originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special

privileges and authority.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A guildhall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A religious association or society, organized

for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.</def>



<hw>Guild"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Liable to a

tax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Guil"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>gulden</ets>, orig., <ets>golden</ets>. Cf.

<er>Golden</er>.]</ety> <def>A Dutch silver coin worth about

forty cents; -- called also <altname>florin</altname> and

<altname>gulden</altname>.</def>



<hw>Guild"hall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hall

where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a townhall.</def>



<hw>Guile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>guile</ets>, <ets>gile</ets>, OF. <ets>guile</ets>; of

German origin, and the same word as E. <ets>wile</ets>. See

<er>Wile</er>.]</ety> <def>Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice;

duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery.</def>



<q>Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no

<qex>guile</qex>.</q>

<qau>John i. 47.</qau>



<q>To wage by force or <qex>guile</qex> eternal war.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Guile</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>guiler</ets>. See

<er>Guile</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To disguise or conceal;

to deceive or delude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Guile"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery;

guilty.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Guile"ful*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Guile"ful*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Guile"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from guile;

artless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Guile"less*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <wf>Guile"less*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Guil"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>guileor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A deceiver; one who deludes, or

uses guile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Guil"le*met`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A quotation mark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Guil"le*mot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several northern sea birds,

allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and

are expert divers and swimmers.</def>



<note><hand/ The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the

genus <spn>Uria</spn> (as <spn>U. troile</spn>); the black or

foolish guillemot (<spn>Cepphus grylle</spn>, formerly <xex>Uria

grylle</xex>), is called also sea <altname>pigeon</altname> and

<altname>eligny</altname>. See <er>Murre</er>.</note>



<hw>Guil`le*vat"</hw> <pr>[?]</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>guilloire</ets> (fr. <ets>guiller</ets> to work, ferment)+

<ets>E</ets>. <ets>vat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vat for fermenting

liquors.</def>



<hw>\'d8Guil"loche`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>guillochis</ets>; -- said to be fr. <ets>Guillot</ets>, the

inventor of a machine for carving it.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings

twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving circular

openings which are filled with round ornaments.</def>



<hw>Guil*loched"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Waved or

engine-turned.</def>



<au>Mollett.</au>



<hw>Guil"lo*tine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from

<ets>Guillotin</ets>, a French physician, who proposed, in the

Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with the ax

or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine Louis, and

was called at first <ets>Louison</ets> or <ets>Louisette</ets>.

Similar machines, however, were known earlier.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax

or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord,

and let fall upon the neck of the victim.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any machine or instrument for cutting or

shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.</def>



<hw>Guil"lo*tine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Guillotined</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Guillotining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>guillotiner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To behead with the

guillotine.</def>



<hw>Guilt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gilt</ets>, <ets>gult</ets>, AS. <ets>gylt</ets>, crime;

probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an

offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS.

<ets>gieldan</ets> to pay, E. <ets>yield</ets>. See

<er>Yield</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting from

willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; teh

state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime;

criminality; offense against right.</def>



<q>Satan had not answer, but stood struck

With <qex>guilt</qex> of his own sin.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exposure to any legal penalty or

forfeiture.</def>



<q>A ship incurs <qex>guilt</qex> by the violation of a

blockade.</q>

<qau>Kent.</qau>



<hw>Guilt"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

guilty manner.</def>



<hw>Guilt"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being guilty.</def>



<hw>Guilt"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Free from

guilt; innocent.</def>



<q>The Lord will not hold him <qex>guiltless</qex> that taketh

his name in vain.</q>

<qau>Ex. xx. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without experience or trial; unacquainted

(with).</def>



<q>Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude,

Guiltless of fire, had formed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Guilt"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Guilt"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Guilt"-sick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made sick

by consciousness of guilt.</def> \'bdA <xex>guilt-sick</xex>

conscience.\'b8



<au>Beau. c& El. </au>



<hw>Guilt"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Gultier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Guiltiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>gyltig</ets> liable. See <er>Guilt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked;

chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly

exposed to penalty; -- used with <xex>of</xex>, and usually

followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment.</def>



<q>They answered and said, He is <qex>guilty</qex> of death.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvi. 66.</qau>



<q>Nor he, nor you, were <qex>guilty</qex> of the strife.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt;

<as>as, a <ex>guilty</ex> look; a <ex>guilty</ex> act; a

<ex>guilty</ex> feeling.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Conscious; cognizant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson. </au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Condemned to payment.</def> <mark>[Obs. &

R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Guilt"y*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Guiltily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Guin"ea</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its

export of gold and slaves) after which the <xex>Guinea

fowl</xex>, <xex>Guinea grass</xex>, <xex>Guinea peach</xex>,

etc., are named.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gold coin of England current for twenty-one

shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since

the issue of sovereigns in 1817.</def>



<q>The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it

was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty

shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one

shillings.</q>

<qau>Pinkerton.</qau>



<cs><col>Guinea corn</col><cd>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> See

<er>Durra</er>.</cd> -- <col>Guinea Current</col>

<fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting

southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.</cd>--

<col>Guinea dropper</col><cd> one who cheats by dropping

counterfeit guineas. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Gay</au>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Guinea fowl</col>, <col>Guinea hen</col></mcol>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African gallinaceous bird, of the

genus <spn>Numida</spn>, allied to the pheasants. The common

domesticated species (<spn>N. meleagris</spn>), has a colored

fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray

color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl

(<spn>N. cristata</spn>) is a finer species.</cd>-- <col>Guinea

grains</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>grains of Paradise, or

amomum. See <er>Amomum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Guinea grass</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall strong forage grass (<spn>Panicum

jumentorum</spn>) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies

and Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Guinea-hen flower</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a liliaceous flower (<spn>Fritillaria

Meleagris</spn>) with petals spotted like the feathers of the

Guinea hen.</cd> -- <col>Guinea peach</col><cd>. See under

<er>Peach</er>.</cd> -- <col>Guinea pepper</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the pods of the <spn>Xylopia

aromatica</spn>, a tree of the order <spn>Anonace\'91</spn>,

found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name

of <spn>Piper \'92thiopicum</spn>.</cd> --<col>Guinea

pig</col><cd>. <note>[Prob. a mistake for <xex>Guiana

pig</xex>.]</note> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> A small

Brazilian rodent (<spn>Cavia cobaya</spn>), about seven inches in

length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and

black.<-- called also cavy -- used commonly as an experimental

animal in laboratory research. (c). metaphorically, any animal or

person used in an experiment; -- often applied to people who are

unwillingly or unknowingly subjected by authorities to policies

or procedures which might cause bodily or mental harm. -->

<sd>(b)</sd> A contemptuous sobriquet. <au>Smollett</au><-- obs

in this sense now. -->.</cd> -- <col>Guinea plum</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of <spn>Parinarium

excelsum</spn>, a large West African tree of the order

<spn>Chrysobalane\'91</spn>, having a scarcely edible fruit

somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called <altname>gray

plum</altname> and <altname>rough-skin plum</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Guinea worm</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long

and slender African nematoid worm (<spn>Filaria Medinensis</spn>)

of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath

the skin, and produces painful sores.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gui*pure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a

lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or

mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads

called <xex>bars</xex> or <xex>brides</xex>.</def>



<hw>Guir"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Garland</er>.</def>



<hw>Guise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>guise</ets>, <ets>gise</ets>, way, manner, F.

<ets>guise</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>w\'c6sa</ets>, G.

<ets>weise</ets>. See <er>Wise</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Customary way of speaking or acting; custom;

fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used

formerly in such phrases as: <as>at his own <ex>guise</ex>; that

is, in his own fashion, to suit himself</as>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>The swain replied, \'bdIt never was our <qex>guise</qex>

To slight the poor, or aught humane despise.\'b8</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>External appearance in manner or dress;

appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape.</def>



<q>As then the <qex>guise</qex> was for each gentle swain.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>A . . . specter, in a far more terrific <qex>guise</qex> than

any which

ever yet have overpowered the imagination.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cover; cloak; <as>as, under the <ex>guise</ex>

of patriotism</as>.</def>



<hw>Guis"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Guise</er>.]</ety> <def>A person in disguise; a masker; a

mummer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Gui*tar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>guitare</ets>; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg.<ets>guitarra</ets>, It.

<ets>chitarra</ets>; all fr. Gr. <?/; cf. L. <ets>cithara</ets>.

Cf. <er>Cittern</er>, <er>Gittern</er>.]</ety> <def>A stringed

instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but

larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver

wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.</def>



<hw>Guit"guit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called

from its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several

species of small tropical American birds of the family

<spn>C\'d2rebid\'91</spn>, allied to the creepers; -- called also

<altname>quit</altname>. See <er>Quit</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gu"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Gul\'92</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Gulas</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., the throat, gullet.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The upper

front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plate which in most insects supports the

submentum.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A capping molding. Same as

<er>Cymatium</er>.</def>



<hw>Gu"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gulaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to the gula or throat; <as>as, <ex>gular</ex> plates</as>. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Bird</er>, and <er>Bowfin</er>.</def>



<hw>Gu"laund</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>gul-\'94nd</ets>.]</ety> <def>An arctic sea bird.</def>



<hw>Gulch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act

of gulching or gulping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A glutton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent

when dry; a gully.</def>



<hw>Gulch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gulchen</ets>;

cf. dial. Sw. <ets>g\'94lka</ets> to <ets>gulch</ets>, D.

<ets>gulzig</ets> greedy, or E. <ets>gulp</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

swallow greedily; to gulp down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Guid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flower. See

<er>Gold</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gul"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Guilder</er>.</def>



<hw>Gule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give the

color of gules to.</def>



<hw>Gule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The throat; the

gullet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Throats so wide and <qex>gules</qex> so gluttonous.</q>

<qau>Gauden.</qau>



<hw>Gules</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>goules</ets>, F. <ets>gueules</ets>, the same word as gueule

throat, OF. <ets>gole</ets>, <ets>goule</ets>, L.

<ets>gula</ets>. So named from the red color of the throat. See

<er>Gullet</er>, and cf. <er>Gula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of

escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically

for a red color or that which is red.</def>



<q>His sev'n-fold targe a field of <qex>gules</qex> did stain

In which two swords he bore; his word,

\'bdDivide and reign.\'b8</q>

<qau>P. Fletcher. </qau>



<q>Follow thy drum;

With man's blood paint the ground; <qex>gules</qex>,

<qex>gules</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Let's march to rest and set in <qex>gules</qex>, like

suns.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Gulf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>golfe</ets>, It. <ets>golfo</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>

bosom, bay, gulf, LGr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hollow

place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin,</def>



<q>He then surveyed

Hell and the <qex>gulf</qex> between.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed.</q>

<qau>Luke xvi. 26.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which swallows; the gullet.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool;

a sucking eddy.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>A <qex>gulf</qex> of ruin, swallowing gold.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A portion of an ocean or sea

extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; <as>as, the

<ex>Gulf</ex> of Mexico</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A large deposit of ore in a

lode.</def>



<cs><col>Gulf Stream</col> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>the warm ocean

current of the North Atlantic.</cd> <note>It originates in the

westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected

northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows

parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the

island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about

two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or

<xex>Kuro-Siwo</xex>, is sometimes called the <xex>Gulf

Stream</xex> of the Pacific.</note> -- <col>Gulf

weed</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a branching seaweed

(<spn>Sargassum bacciferum</spn>, or sea grape), having numerous

berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the

Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gulf"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

whirlpools or gulfs.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Gul"gul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>galgal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cement made in India from sea

shells, pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's

bottom, to prevent the boring of worms.</def>



<hw>Gu"list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gulo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glutton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gull</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gulled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gulling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>gull</ets> the bird; but cf. OSw.

<ets>gylla</ets> to deceive, D. <ets>kullen</ets>, and E.

<ets>cullibility</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deceive; to cheat; to

mislead; to trick; to defraud.</def>



<q>The rulgar, <qex>gulled</qex> into rebellion, armed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>I'm not <qex>gulling</qex> him for the emperor's service.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Gull</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cheating or

cheat; trick; fraud.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One easily cheated; a dupe.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Gull</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn.

<ets>gullan</ets>, W. <ets>gwylan</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of many species of long-winged sea

birds of the genus <spn>Larus</spn> and allied genera.</def>



<note><hand/ Among the best known American species are the

herring gull (<spn>Larus argentatus</spn>), the great

black-backed gull (<spn>L. murinus</spn>) the laughing gull

(<spn>L. atricilla</spn>), and Bonaparte's gull (<spn>L.

Philadelphia</spn>). The common European gull is <spn>Larus

canus</spn>.</note>



<cs><col>Gull teaser</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the jager;

-- also applied to certain species of terns.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gull"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of being

gulled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Had you no quirk.

To avoid <qex>gullage</qex>, sir, by such a creature?</q>

<qau>B. Jonson</qau>



<hw>Gull"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who gulls;

a deceiver.</def>



<hw>Gull"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An act, or

the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>  \'bdA mere <xex>gullery</xex>.\'b8



<au>Selden.</au>



<hw>Gul"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>golet</ets>, OF. <ets>Goulet</ets>, dim. of <ets>gole</ets>,

<ets>goule</ets>, <ets>throat</ets>, F. <ets>gueule</ets>, L.

<ets>gula</ets>; perh. akin to Skr. <ets>gula</ets>, G.

<ets>kenle</ets>; cf. F. <ets>goulet</ets> the neck of a bottle,

<ets>goulotte</ets> channel gutter. Cf. <er>Gules</er>,

<er>Gully</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The

tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the

stomach; the esophagus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something shaped like the food passage, or

performing similar functions</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

channel for water</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A

preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width

for the passage of earth wagons</def>.  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A

concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.</def>



<-- p. 658 -->



<hw>Gul"let*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A system of excavating by means of

gullets or channels.</def>



<hw>Gul"li*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Easily

gulled; that may be duped.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Gul"li*bii`i*ty</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Gull"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Foolish;

stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<wordforms><wf>Gull"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Gul"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gulles</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Etymol</ets>.

<ets>uncertain</ets>]</ety> <def>A large knife.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.  </au>



<hw>Gul"ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gullies</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Formerly gullet</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a

current of water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when

dry.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grooved iron rail or tram plate.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<cs><col>Gully gut</col>, <cd>a glutton.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chapman</au>. -- <col>Gully hole</col>, <cd>the opening

through which gutters discharge surface water.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gul"ly</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gullied</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &  vb.

n</pos>. <er>Gullying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wear into a

gully or into gullies.</def><-- = wear down, not wear as

clothing! -->



<hw>Gul"ly</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To flow noisily.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Gu*los"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gulositas</ets>, fr. <ets>gulosus</ets> gluttonous. See

<er>Gullet</er>.]</ety> <def>Excessive appetite; greediness;

voracity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.  </au>



<hw>Gulp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gulped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gulping</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[D. <ets>gulpen</ets>, cf. OD. <ets>golpe gulf</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to

take down at one swallow.</def>



<q>He does not swallow, but he <qex>gulps</qex> it down.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>The old man . . . glibly <qex>gulped</qex> down the whole

narrative.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<cs><col>To gulp up</col>, <cd>to throw up from the stomach; to

disgorge.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gulp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of taking a

large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is awallowed at

once.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A disgorging.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gulph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Gulf</er>.</def>



<hw>Gult</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Guilt. See

<er>Guilt</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gult"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Guilty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gul"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining

to gules; red.</def> \'bdThose fatal <xex>guly</xex> dragons.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Gum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gome</ets>, AS. <ets>gama</ets> palate; akin Co G.

g<ets>aumen</ets>, OHG. <ets>goumo</ets>, <ets>guomo</ets>, Icel.

<ets>g<?/mr</ets>, Sw.  <ets>gom</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to

gape.]</ety> <def>The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and

cover the adjacent parts of the jaws.</def>



<cs><col>Gum rash</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>strophulus in a

teething child; red gum.</cd> -- <col>Gum stick</col>, <cd>a

smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while

teething.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gum</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To deepen and enlarge the

spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See

<er>Gummer</er>.</def>



<hw>Gum</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>gomme</ets>,

<ets>gumme</ets>, F. <ets>gomme</ets>, L. <ets>gummi</ets> and

commis, fr. Gr. <?/, prob. from an Egyptian form

<ets>kam<?/</ets>; cf. It. <er>gomma</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens

when it exudes, but is soluble in water; <as>as, <ex>gum</ex>

arabic; <ex>gum</ex> tragacanth; the <ex>gum</ex> of the cherry

tree</as>. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not

soluble in water; <as>as, <ex>gum</ex> copal and <ex>gum</ex>

sandarac, which are really resins</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gum tree</er>,

<er>below</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree;

hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a

hollow log.</def> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A rubber overshoe.</def> <mark>[Local, U.

S.]</mark>



<cs><mcol><col>Black gum</col>, <col>Blue gum</col>, <col>British

gum</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Black</er>,

<er>Blue</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gum Acaroidea</col>, <cd>the

resinous gum of the Australian grass tree

(<spn>Xanlhorrh\'d2a</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Gum animal</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the galago of West Africa; -- so

called because it feeds on gums. See <er>Galago</er>.</cd> --

<col>Gum animi or anim\'82</col>. <cd>See <er>Anim\'82</er>.</cd> 

-- <col>Gum arabic</col><cd>, a gum yielded mostly by several

species of <spn>Acacia</spn> (chiefly <spn>A. vera</spn> and

<spn>A. Arabica</spn>) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; --

called also <altname>gum acacia</altname>. East Indian gum arabic

comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant

apple.</cd> -- <col>Gum butea</col>, <cd>a gum yielded by the

Indian plants <spn>Butea frondosa</spn> and <spn>B.

superba</spn>, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating

indigo.</cd> --  <col>Gum cistus</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus

<spn>Cistus</spn> (<spn>Cistus ladaniferus</spn>), a species of

rock rose.</cd>-- <col>Gum dragon</col>. <cd>See

<er>Tragacanth</er>.</cd>  -- <mcol><col>Gum elastic</col>,

<col>Elastic gum</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Caoutchouc</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Gum elemi</col>. <cd>See <er>Elemi</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum

juniper</col>. <cd>See <er>Sandarac</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum

kino</col>. <cd>See under <er>Kino</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum

lac</col>. <cd>See <er>Lac</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum

Ladanum</col><cd>, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental

species of Cistus or rock rose.</cd> -- <col>Gum passages</col>,

<cd>sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain

plants (<spn>Amygdalace\'91</spn>, <spn>Cactace\'91</spn>, etc.),

and affording passage for gum.</cd> -- <col>Gum pot</col><cd>, a

varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other

ingredients.</cd> -- <col>Gum resin</col>, <cd>the milky juice of

a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated

saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a

resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter.</cd>

-- <col>Gum sandarac</col>. <cd>See <er>Sandarac</er>.</cd> --

<col>Gum Senegal</col><cd>, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded

by trees (<spn>Acacia Verek</spn> and <spn>A. Adansoni\'84</spn>)

growing in the Senegal country, West Africa.</cd> -- <col>Gum

tragacanth</col>. <cd>See <er>Tragacanth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum

tree</col>, <cd>the name given to several trees in America and

Australia</cd>: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The black gum (<spn>Nyssa

multiflora</spn>), one of the largest trees of the Southern

States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the

opossum.</cd> Most of the large trees become hollow. <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A tree of the genus <spn>Eucalyptus.</spn></cd> See

<er>Eucalpytus.</er> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The sweet gum tree of the

United States (<spn>Liquidambar styraciflua</spn>), a large and

beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike

fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice.</cd> -- <col>Gum

water</col>, <cd>a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in

water.</cd> -- <col>Gum wood</col>, <cd>the wood of any gum tree,

esp. the wood of the <spn>Eucalyptus piperita</spn>, of New South

Wales.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gum</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &. p.</pos>

<er>Gummed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gumming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smear with gum; to close

with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to

make sticky with a gumlike substance.</def>



<q>He frets likke a <qex>gummed</qex> velvet.Shak.</q>



<hw>Gum</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To exude or from gum; to

become gummy.</def>



<hw>Gum"bo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written aalso

<ets>gombo</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A soup thickened with

the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The okra plant or its pods.</def>



<hw>Gum"boil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gum"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gummata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. So called from

its gummy contents See <er>Gum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic origin.</def>



<hw>Gum*ma"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.</def>



<hw>Gum"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>2d

Gum</er>.]</ety> <def>A punch-cutting tool, or machine for

deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn

saw.</def>



<hw>Gum*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

gummi <ets>gum</ets>  + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing

gum; gum-bearing.</def>



<hw>Gum"mi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being gummy; viscousness.</def>



<hw>Gum"mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called

because it occurs in rounded or flattened pieces which look like

gum.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellow amorphous mineral,

essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the

alteration of uraninite.</def>



<hw>Gum*mos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gumminess;

a viscous or adhesive quality or nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Floyer.</au>



<hw>Gum"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gummosus</ets>; cf. F.  <ets>gommeux</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a

gumma.</def>



<hw>Gum"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Compar.

<er>Gummer</er> (<?/); superl. <er>Gummirst</er>.]</ety>

<def>Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or

containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling

gum.</def>



<q>Kindles the <qex>gummy</qex> bark of fir or pine.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Then rubs his <qex>gummy</qex> eyes.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Gummy tumor</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

gumma.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw. & Dan.

<ets>gump</ets> buttocks, rump, Icel. <ets>gumprg</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A dolt; a dunce.</def> <mark>[Low.]</mark>



<au>Holloway.</au>



<hw>Gump"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gom</ets>, <ets>gome</ets>, attention; akin to AS.

<ets>ge\'a2mian</ets>, <ets>gyman</ets>, to regard, observe,

<ets>gyme</ets> care, OS. <ets>gomean</ets> to heed, Goth.

<ets>gaumjan</ets> to see, notice.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capacity; shrewdness; common sense.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark><-- in MW10 marked as chiefly dial. -->



<q>One does not have <qex>gumption</qex> till one has been

properly cheated.</q>

<qau>Lord Lytton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The art of

preparing colors.</def> <au>Sir W. Scott. </au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Megilp</def>. <au>Fairholt.</au>



<-- 3. initiative = primary modern usage -->



<hw>Gun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gonne</ets>, <ets>gunne</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir.,

<er>Gael</er>.) A LL. <ets>gunna</ets>, W. <ets>gum</ets>;

possibly (like cannon) fr. L. <ets>canna</ets> reed, tube; or

abbreviated fr. OF. <ets>mangonnel</ets>, E. <ets>mangonel</ets>,

a machine for hurling stones.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A weapon

which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or

instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of

gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in

which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind,

which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and

fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called

<stype>small arms</stype>.  Larger guns are called

<stype>cannon</stype>, <stype>ordnance</stype>,

<stype>fieldpieces</stype>, <stype>carronades</stype>,

<stype>howitzers</stype>, etc. See these terms in the

Vocabulary.</def>



<q>As swift as a pellet out of a gunne

When fire is in the powder runne.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>The word <qex>gun</qex> was in use in England for an engine to

cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found

out.</q>

<qau>Selden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A piece of heavy ordnance; in

a restricted sense, a cannon.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Violent

blasts of wind.</def>



<note><hand/ Guns are classified, according to their construction

or manner of loading as <stype>rifled</stype> or

<stype>smoothbore</stype>, <stype>breech-loading</stype> or

<stype>muzzle-loading</stype>, <stype>cast</stype> or

<stype>built-up guns</stype>; or according to their use, as

<stype>field</stype>, <stype>mountain</stype>,

<stype>prairie</stype>, <stype>seacoast</stype>, and <stype>siege

guns</stype>.</note>



<cs><col>Armstrong gun</col>, <cd>a wrought iron breech-loading

cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William

<xex>Armstrong</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Great gun</col>, <cd>a piece

of heavy ordnance</cd>; hence  (Fig.), <cd>a person superior in

any way.</cd> -- <col>Gun barrel</col>, <cd>the barrel or tube of

a gun.</cd> -- <col>Gun carriage</col>, <cd> the carriage on

which a gun is mounted or moved.</cd> -- <col>Gun cotton</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a general name for a series of explosive

nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric

and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances

containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble

ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with

explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and

open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of

cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction

from the highest (<xex>pyroxylin<xex>) which is soluble. See

<er>Pyroxylin</er>, and cf. <er>Xyloidin</er>. The gun cottons

are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making

celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety

(<xex>pyroxylin<xex>) for making collodion. See

<er>Celluloid</er>, and <er>Collodion</er>. Gun cotton is

frequenty but improperly called <xex>nitrocellulose<xex>. It is

not a <it>nitro<it> compound, but an <it>ethereal salt<it> of

nitric acid.</cd> -- <col>Gun deck</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Deck</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gun fire</col>, <cd>the time at which

the morning or the evening gun is fired. -- <col>Gun metal</col>,

<cd>a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one

of tin, used for cannon, etc.  The name is also given to certain

strong mixtures of cast iron.</cd> -- <col>Gun port</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an opening in a ship through which a

cannon's muzzle is run out for firing.</cd> -- <col>Gun

tackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the blocks and pulleys

affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to

and from the gun port.</cd> -- <col>Gun tackle purchase</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a tackle composed of two single blocks

and a fall. <au>Totten</au>.</cd> -- <col>Krupp gun</col>, <cd>a

wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German

inventor, Herr Krupp.</cd> -- <col>Machine gun</col>, <cd>a

breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage

or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges

which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid

succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by

turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute

with accurate aim. The <stype>Gatling gun</stype>, <stype>Gardner

gun</stype>, <stype>Hotchkiss gun</stype>, and <stype>Nordenfelt

gun</stype>, named for their inventors, and the French

<stype>mitrailleuse</stype>, are <ex>machine guns</ex>.</cd> --

<col>To blow great guns</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to blow a

gale. See <er>Gun</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To practice

fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in participial form;

<as>as, to go gunning</as>.</def>



<-- gun for = pursue with the intent to kill; Fig., to make

effort to harm someone, also used humorously; (MW10: "to aim at

or go after with determination or effort") -->



<hw>\'d8Gu"na</hw> <pr>(g<oomac/"n<adot/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Skr. <ets>guna</ets> quality.]</ety> <def>In Sanskrit

grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels <it>a</it>,

<it>i</it>, <it>e</it>, by prefixing an <it>a</it> element. The

term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other

languages.</def>



<hw>Gu"nar*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gynarchy</er>.</def>



<hw>Gun"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Nav.)</fld>

<def>A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.</def>



<hw>Gun"cot`ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Gun</er>.</def>



<hw>Gun"de*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gondola</er>.</def>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Gun"flint`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sharpened

flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge. It was in

common use before the introduction of percussion caps.</def>

<-- used in the flintlock -->



<hw>\'d8Gun"jah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ganja</er>.</def>



<hw>Gun"lock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The lock of a

gun, for producing the discharge. See <er>Lock</er>.</def>



<hw>Gun"nage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The number of

guns carried by a ship of war.</def>



<hw>Gun"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gunwale</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A gunwale.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, eel-shaped,

marine fish of the genus Mur\'91noides; esp., M. gunnellus of

Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock

eel.</def>



<hw>Gun"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A warrant officer in the navy having charge of

the ordnance on a vessel.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The great

northern diver or loon. See <er>Loon</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The sea bream.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or Irish]</mark>



<cs><col>Gunner's daughter</col>, <cd>the gun to which men or

boys were lashed for punishment. <mark>[Sailor's

slang]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>W. C. Russell.</au>



<hw>Gun"ner*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That branch

of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles,

and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.</def>



<hw>Gun"nie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining.)</fld>

<def>Space left by the removal of ore.</def>



<hw>Gun"ning</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun.</def>



<q>The art of <qex>gunning</qex> was but little practiced.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<mhw><hw>Gun"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <hw>Gun"ny

cloth`</hw></mhw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[Hind. <ets>gon</ets>,

<ets>gon<?/</ets>,, a sack, sacking.]</ety> <def>A strong, coarse

kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants

of the genus <spn>Corchorus</spn> (<spn>C. olitorius</spn> and

<spn>C. capsularis</spn>), of India. The fiber is also used in

the manufacture of cordage.</def>



<cs><col>Gunny bag</col>, <cd>a sack made of gunny, used for

coarse commodities.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gu*noc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gyneocracy</er>.</def>



<hw>Gun"pow`der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A black, granular, explosive substance,

consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal,

and sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting.</def>



<note><hand/ Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of

niter, with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients.

Its explosive energy is due to the fact that it contains the

necessary amount of oxygen for its own combustion, and liberates

gases (chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), which occupy a

thousand or fifteen hundred times more space than the powder

which generated them.</note>



<cs><col>Gunpowder pile driver</col>, <cd>a pile driver, the

hammer of which is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder.</cd>

-- <col>Gunpowder plot</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a plot

to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal

laws against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the

conspirators, was about to fire the mine, which was placed under

the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is

known in England as <altname>Guy Fawkes Day</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Gunpowder tea</col>, <cd>a species of fine green tea, each

leaf of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gun"reach`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The reach or

distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.</def>



<hw>Gun"room`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An apartment on the after end of the

lower gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom

by the commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called

wardroom in the United States navy.</def>



<hw>Gun"shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Act of firing a gun; a shot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The distance to which shot can be thrown from a

gun, so as to be effective; the reach or range of a gun.</def>



<q>Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be

out of <qex>gunshot</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Gun"shot`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made by the shot of a gun:

as. a <xex>gunshot</xex> wound.</def>



<hw>Gun"smith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose

occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gunsmith`er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gun"smith`

ing</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or business of a

gunsmith.</def>



<hw>Gun"stick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stick to

ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or ramrod.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gun"stock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The stock or

wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is fastened.</def>



<hw>Gun"stome`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cannon

ball; -- so called because originally made of stone.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 659 -->



<hw>Gun"ter rig`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily slide

up and down the lower mast.</def>



<hw>Gun"ter's chain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Surveying)</fld>

<def>The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See

<er>Chain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4, and <er>Gunter's

scale</er>.</def>



<hw>Gun"ter's line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A logarithmic line on

Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and

division of numbers mechanically by the dividers; -- called also

<altname>line of lines</altname>, and <altname>line of

numbers</altname>.</def>



<hw>Gun"ter's quad`rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A thin quadrant,

made of brass, wood, etc., showing a stereographic projection on

the plane of the equator. By it are found the hour of the day,

the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See

<er>Gunter's scale</er>.</def>



<hw>Gun"ter's scale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A scale invented by

the Rev. Edmund <xex>Gunter</xex> (1581-1626), a professor of

astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also

<cref>Gunter's chain</cref>, and <cref>Gunter's

quadrant</cref>.</def>



<note><hand/ Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on

one side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords,

sines, tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of

logarithms of these various parts, by means of which many

problems in surveying and navigation may be solved, mechanically,

by the aid of dividers alone.</note>



<hw>Gun"wale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gun</ets> + <ets>wale</ets>. So named because the

upper guns were pointed from it.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost

wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of

timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the

forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper

works of the hull.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gunnel</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gurge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gurges</ets>.]</ety> <def>A whirlpool.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge

Boils out from under ground.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Gurge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See Gorge.]</ety> <def>To

swallow up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gur"geons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Grudgeons</er>.</def>



<hw>Gur"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gurgled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gurgling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>gorgogliare</ets>

to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. <ets>gurgulio</ets> gullet. Cf.

<er>Gargle</er>, <er>Gorge</er>.]</ety> <def>To run or flow in a

broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a

small stream among pebbles or stones.</def>



<q>Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace,

And waste their music on the savage race.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Gur"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of gurgling; a

broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling gurgles."</def>



<au>W. Thompson.</au>



<hw>Gur"glet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Goglet</er>.]</ety> <def>A porous earthen jar for cooling

water by evaporation.</def>



<hw>Gur"gling-ly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

gurgling manner.</def>



<hw>Gur"goyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gargoyle</er>.</def>



<hw>Gur"jun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thin balsam

or wood oil derived from the <xex>Diptcrocarpus l\'91vis</xex>,

an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute

for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.</def>



<hw>Gurl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young person of

either sex. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Girl</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gur"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>

<def>A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Gur"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>A level; a working.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gur"nard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gur"net</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>gornal</ets>,

<ets>gournal</ets>, <ets>gornart</ets>, perh. akin to F.

<ets>grogner</ets> to <ets>grunt</ets>; cf. Ir.

<ets>guirnead</ets> gurnard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla

and allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed

cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The

name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>gournet</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Plyling gurnard</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Flying</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gur"ni*ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gwiniad</er>.</def>



<hw>Gur"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An alvine

evacuation; also, refuse matter.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Local]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Gur"ry`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>garh\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small fort</def>.

<mark>[India]</mark>



<hw>Gurt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a

working drift.</def>



<au>Page.</au>



<hw>Gurts</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Grout</er>.]</ety> <def>Groatts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gushed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Gushing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>guschen</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>gusa</ets> and

<ets>gjsa</ets>, also D. <ets>gucsen</ets>; perh. akin to AS.

<ets>ge\'a2tan</ets> to pour, G. <ets>giessen</ets>, Goth.

<ets>giutan</ets>, E. <ets>gut</ets>. Cf. <er>Found</er> to

cast.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid;

to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow

copiously.</def>



<q>He smote the rock that the waters <qex>gushed</qex> out.</q>

<qau>Ps ixxviii 20.</qau>



<q>A sea of blood <qex>gushed</qex> from the gaping wound.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of

affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative

manner.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gush</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden and

violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a

liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus

emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; <as>as, a <ex>gush</ex>

of song from a bird</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>gush</qex> of springs,

An fall of lofty foundains.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sentimental exhibition of affection or

enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment.</def>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<hw>Gush"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gushes.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gush"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rushing forth

with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; <as>as,

<ex>gushing</ex> waters.</def> \'bd<ex>Gushing</ex>

blood</as>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly

and unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection;

sentimental.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gush"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In a gushing manner; copiously.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Weakly; sentimentally; effusively.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Gus"set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gousset</ets> armpit, fob, <ets>gusset</ets>, dim. of

<ets>gousse</ets> pod, husk; cf. It. <ets>guscio</ets> shell, or

W. cwysed <ets>gore</ets>, gusset.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of

strengthening some part or giving it a tapering

enlargement.</def>



<q>Seam and <qex>gusset</qex> and band.</q>

<qau>Hood.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything resembling a gusset in a garment</def>;

as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Armor)</fld> <def>A small piece of chain

mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A kind of bracket, or

angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to

give strength or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and

the fire box of a locomotive boiler.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An abatement or mark of

dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling a gusset.</def>



<hw>Gust</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>gustr</ets> a cool breeze. Cf. <er>Gush</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a

sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail,

stormy gust and flaw.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden violent burst of passion.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Gust</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>gustus</ets>; cf. It.

& Sp. <ets>gusto</ets>. <root/46.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish;

gusto.</def>



<q>An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much

<qex>gust</qex> and appetite.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gratification of any kind, particularly that

which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment.</def>



<q>Destroy all creatures for thy sport or <qex>gust.</qex></q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Intellectual taste; fancy.</def>



<q>A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of

the ancients.</q>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gust</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>gustare</ets>,

It. <ets>gustare</ets>, Sp. <ets>gustar</ets>. See <er>GUST</er>

a relish.]</ety> <def>To taste; to have a relish for.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gust"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gust</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being tasted; tastable.</def>



<q>This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall

bitter; whereas there is nothing <qex>gustable</qex> sweeter.</q>

<qau>Harvey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.</def>



<q>A <qex>gustable</qex> thing, seen or smelt, excites the

appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the mouth.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<hw>Gust"a*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything that can be

tasted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gus"tard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great bustard.</def>



<hw>Gus*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gustatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gustation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

act of tasting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne. </au>



<hw>Gusta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; <as>as, the gustatory

nerve which supplies the front of the tongue</as>.</def>



<hw>Gust"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tasteful;

well-tasted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Sir K. Digby</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Gust"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Gust"ful</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gusty.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>gustful</qex> April morn.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Gust"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tasteless; insipid.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gus"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. or Sp., fr.

L. <ets>gustus</ets>; akin to E. <ets>choose</ets>. Cf. 2d

<er>GUST</er>, <er>GOUR</er>.]</ety> <def>Nice or keen

appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gus*to"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Tasteful; in a tasteful,

agreeable manner.</def>



<hw>Gust"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Subject to, or

characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy;

tempestuous.</def>



<q>Upon a raw and <qex>gusty</qex> day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Gut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gut</ets>, <ets>got</ets>, AS. <ets>gut</ets>, prob. orig.,

a channel, and akin to <ets>ge\'a2tan</ets> to pour. See

<er>FOUND</er> to cast.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A narrow passage of water; <as>as, the

<ex>Gut</ex> of Canso</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary

canal; the enteron; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) bowels; entrails.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp.

of a sheep, used for various purposes. See <er>Catgut</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when

ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into

a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as

the snood of a fish line.</def>



<cs><col>Blind gut</col>. <cd>See <er>C\'92cum</er>,

<pos>n.</pos> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gut</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gutted</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gutting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take out the

bowels from; to eviscerate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the

interior or contents of; <as>as, a mob <ex>gutted</ex> the

bouse</as>.</def>



<q>Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having <qex>gutted</qex> a

proper

name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Gut"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gutt\'92</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A drop.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of a series of ornaments,

in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of

the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the

Doric order; -- called also <altname>campana</altname>, and

<altname>drop</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Gutta serena</col> <ety>[L., lit. serene or clear

drop]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>amaurosis.</cd> --

<col>Gutt\'91 band</col>> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the listel or

band from which the gutt\'91 hang.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gut"ta-per`cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay

<ets>gutah</ets> gum + <ets>pertja</ets> the tree from which is

it procured.]</ety> <def>A concrete juice produced by various

trees found in the Malayan archipelago, especially by the

<spn>Isonandra, <or/  Dichopsis, Gutta</spn>. It becomes soft,

and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water, and, on

cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers,

but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles

caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical

purposes. The <spn>Mimusops globosa</spn> of Guiana also yields

this material.</def>



<hw>Gut"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>guttatus</ets>. Cf. <er>Gutty</er>.]</ety> <def>Spotted, as

if discolored by drops.</def>



<hw>Gut"ta*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Guttate</er>.]</ety> <def>Besprinkled with drops, or droplike

spots.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Gut"ta*trap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

inspissated juice of a tree of the genus <spn>Artocarpus</spn>

(<spn>A. incisa</spn>, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in

making birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.</def>



<hw>Gut"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gotere</ets>, OF. <ets>goutiere</ets>, F.

<ets>goutti\'8are</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>gote</ets>,

<ets>goute</ets>, drop, F. <ets>goutte</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>gutta</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying

away the rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to

lead off surface water.</def>



<q><qex>Gutters</qex> running with ale.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any narrow channel or groove; <as>as, a gutter

formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated

firing</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Gutter member</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an

architectural member made by treating the outside face of the

gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments,

regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement.</cd> --

<col>Gutter plane</col>, <cd>a carpenter's plane with a rounded

bottom for planing out gutters.</cd> -- <col>Gutter

snipe</col></mcol>, <cd>a neglected boy running at large; a

street Arab. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd> -- <col>Gutter stick</col>

<fld>(Printing)</fld>, <cd>one of the pieces of furniture which

separate pages in a form.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gut*ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Guttered</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Guttering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut

or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To supply with a gutter or gutters.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gut"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become channeled, as a

candle when the flame flares in the wind.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gut"ti*fer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>gutta</ets> drop+ <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant that exudes gum or resin.</def>



<hw>Gut*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Yielding gum or resinous

substances.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to a natural order

of trees and shrubs (<spn>Guttifer\'91</spn>) noted for their

abounding in a resinous sap.</def>



<hw>Gut"ti*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gutta</ets> a drop + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.</def>



<hw>Gut"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>GUT</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To put into the gut; to

swallow greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

L'Estrange.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Gut"tler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A greedy

eater; a glutton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gut"tu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>guttula</ets> a little drop, dim. of <ets>gutta</ets>

drop.]</ety> <def>In droplike form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In its [hail's] <qex>guttulous</qex> descent from the air.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Gut"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>guttur</ets> throat: cf. F. <ets>gutural</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat;

relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the

throat.</def>



<q>Children are occasionally born with <qex>guttural</qex>

swellings.</q>

<qau>W. Guthrie.</qau>



<q>In such a sweet, <qex>guttural</qex> accent.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>Gut"tur*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sound formed in the

throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid of the back of the

tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also, a letter

representing such a sound.</def>



<hw>Gut"tur*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being guttural; <as>as, the <ex>gutturalism</ex> of A

[in the 16th cent</as>.]</def>



<au>Earle.</au>



<hw>Gut"tur*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being guttural.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe old

<xex>gutturality</xex> of k.\'b8



<au>Earle.</au>



<hw>Gut"tur*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.</def>



<hw>Gut"tur*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a guttural

manner.</def>



<hw>Gut"tur*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

guttural.</def>



<hw>Gut"tur*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>guttur</ets> throat.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the

throat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdGutturine tumor.\'b8



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Gut"tur*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>guttur</ets> throat.]</ety> <def>To make in the throat; to

gutturalize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>For which the Germans gutturize a sound.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Gut"tur*o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form denoting

relation to the throat; <as>as, <ex>gutturo</ex>-nasal, having

both a guttural and a nasal character;

<ex>gutturo</ex>-palatal.</as></def>



<hw>Gut"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gutta</ets> drop: cf. F. <ets>goutt\'82</ets>. Cf.

<er>Guttated</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Charged or

sprinkled with drops.</def>



<hw>Gut"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant, <spn>Globularia Alypum</spn>, a violent purgative,

found in Africa.</def>



<hw>Guy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>guia</ets> guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships

to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and

the same word as E. <ets>guide</ets>. See <er>Guide</er>, and cf.

<er>Gye</er>.]</ety> <def>A rope, chain, or rod attached to

anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object

which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place

the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope

connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to

prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a

structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the

ground, where it is fastened.</def>



<hw>Guy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Guyed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Guying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To steady or guide with a

guy.</def>



<hw>Guy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A grotesque effigy,

like that of <xex>Guy</xex> Fawkes, dressed up in England on the

fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot.</def>



<q>The lady . . . who dresses like a <qex>guy</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. S.  Gilbert.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person of queer looks or dress.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Guy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fool; to baffle; to make

(a person) an object of ridicule.</def> <mark>[Local & Collog

U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Guyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

guile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<-- p. 660 -->



<hw>Guze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Gules</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A roundlet of

tincture <xex>sanguine</xex>, which is blazoned without mention

of the tincture.</def>



<hw>Guz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Guzzled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Guzzling</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OP. <ets>gosillier</ets>,

prob.  orig., to pass through the throat; akin to F.

<ets>gosier</ets> throat; cf. It. <ets>gozzo</ets> a bird's

crop.]</ety> <def>To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or

frequently.</def>



<q>Those that came to <qex>guzzle</qex> in his wine cellar.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise,

Who, while she <qex>guzzles</qex>, chats the doctor's praise.</q>

<qau>Roscommon.</qau>



<q>To fat the <qex>guzzling</qex> hogs with floods of whey.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<hw>Guz"zle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To swallow much or often;

to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or

continually; <as>as, one who guzzles beer</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Guz"zle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An insatiable thing or

person.</def>



<q>That sink of filth, that <qex>guzzle</qex> most impure.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Guz"zler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An immoderate

drinker.</def>



<hw>Gwin"i*ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.

<ets>gwyniad</ets> a whiting, the name of various fishes, fr.

gwyn white.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A fish (<spn>Coregonus

ferus</spn>) of North Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the

lake whitefish; -- called also <altname>powan</altname>, and

<altname>schelly</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gwyniad</asp>, <asp>guiniad</asp>,

<asp>gurniad</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gy"all</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Gayal</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Gyb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gybe</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Jib</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gybe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gibe</er>.</def>



<hw>Gybe</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Gybed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.  & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gybing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Jibe</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To shift from one side of a vessel to the

other; -- said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel

is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite

side.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>jibe</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Gye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>guier</ets>; of German origin.  See <er>Guide</er>, and cf.

<er>Guy</er>.]</ety> <def>To guide; to govern.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Discreet enough his country for to <qex>gye</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Gyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>guiller</ets> to ferment. Cf. <er>Guillevat</er>.]</ety>

<def>Fermented wort used for making vinegar.</def>



<cs><col>Gyle tan</col> <fld>(Brewing)</fld>, <cd>a large vat in

which wort ferments.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gym"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Gimmal</er>.</def>



<hw>Gym*na"si*arch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gymnasiarchus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to govern:  cf. F.

<ets>gymnasiarque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An

Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the

oil and other necessaries at his own expense.</def>



<hw>Gym*na"si*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E. 

<plw>Gymnasiums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Gymnasia</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr.  <?/, fr. <?/ to exercise

(naked), fr. <?/  naked.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place or

building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for

gymnastics.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A school for the higher branches of literature

and science; a <xex>preparatory</xex> school for the university;

-- used esp. of German schools of this kind.</def>



<q>More like ordinary schools of <qex>gymnasia</qex> than

universities.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>Gym"nast</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

trainer of athletes: cf. F. <ets>gymnaste</ets>. See

<er>Gymnasium</er>.]</ety> <def>One who teaches or practices

gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an

athlete.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gym*nas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gym*nas"tic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gymnasticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>gymnastique</ets>.

See <er>Gymnasium</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to athletic

exercises intended for health, defense, or diversion; -- said of

games or exercises, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the

discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary

exercises for the intellect; athletic; <as>as, <ex>gymnastic</ex>

exercises, contests, etc.</as></def>



<hw>Gym*nas"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gymnast.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gym*nas"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a gymnastic

manner.</def>



<hw>Gym*nas"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Athletic

or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing gymnastic

exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect or

character.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gym"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gym"nic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>gymnicus</ets>,

Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>gymnique</ets>. See

<er>Gymmasium</er>.]</ety> <def>Athletic; gymnastic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Have they not swordplayers, and every sort

Of <qex>gymnic</qex> artists, wrestlers, riders, runners ?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Gym"nic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Athletic exercise.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Gym"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

naked. So called as coming from the Bare Hills, Maryland.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous silicate of magnesia.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym"no*blas`te*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.  fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ to

sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Athecata; -- so

called because the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a

capsule.</def>



<hw>Gym"no*blas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Gymnoblastea.</def>



<hw>Gym`no*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to

the perianth.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gym*noch"ro*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ skin,

body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Hydroidea

including the hydra. See <er>Hydra</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym*noc"la*dus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ a

branch.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous

plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The leaves are cathartic, and

the seeds a substitute for coffee.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym"no*co`pa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ an oar.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of transparent, free-swimming

Annelida, having <xex>setae</xex> only in the cephalic

appendages.</def>



<hw>Gym"no*cyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gymno`s</grk> nake + <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety>

<def>(Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a

nucleus.</def>



<au>Haeckel.</au>



<hw>Gym"no*cy`tode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + E. <ets>cytode</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A cytode without either a cell wall or a

nucleus.</def>



<au>Haeckel.</au>



<hw>Gym"no*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety>

<fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>One of a group of plectognath fishes

(<spn>Gymnodontes</spn>), having the teeth and jaws consolidated

into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts and

tetradonts. See <er>Bur fish</er>, <er>Globefish</er>,

<er>Diodon</er>.</def>



<hw>Gym"no*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of a class of plants, so called by

Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by direct contact of

the pollen. Same as <er>Gymnosperm</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym"no*glos`sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ tongue.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of gastropods in which the

odontophore is without teeth.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Gym"no*l\'91`ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Gym*no*l\'91"ma*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[Nl., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/  the

throat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Bryozoa,

having no epistome.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym"no*no`ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.  fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ the

back.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of fishes which

includes the Gymnotus or electrical eel. The dorsal fin is

wanting.</def>



<hw>Gym`no*p\'91d"ic</hw> <pr>((?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/, <?/, a child.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having young that are naked when

hatched; psilop\'91dic;  -- said of certain birds.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym`no*phi"o*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ 

serpentlike.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of

Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body. See

<er>Ophiomorpha</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ the eye.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of acalephs, including the

naked-eyed medus\'91; the hydromedus\'91. Most of them are known

to be the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.</def>



<hw>Gym"no*plast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>pla`ssein</grk> to shape,

mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A cell or mass of protoplasm

devoid of an envelope, as a white blood corpuscle.</def>



<hw>Gym"no*rhi`nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. 

<grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/, <?/, the nose.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having unfeathered nostrils, as

certain birds.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym`no*so"ma*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/, <?/, the

body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of

Pteropoda.  They have no shell.</def>



<hw>Gym*nos"o*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ philosopher; cf. F.

<ets>gymnosophisle</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a sect of

philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the

Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh,

renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the

contemplation of nature.</def>



<hw>Gym*nos"o*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrines of the Gymnosophists.</def>



<au>Good.</au>



<hw>Gym"no*sperm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e.,

seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock.

Cf. <er>Angiosperm</er>.</def>



<hw>Gym"no*sper`mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. 

<grk>gymno`spermos</grk>; <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked +

<grk>spe`rma</grk> seed:  cf. F. <ets>gymnosperme</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having naked seeds, or seeds

not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Belonging to the class of plants consisting of

gymnosperms.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym*not"o*ka</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ a bringing

forth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Athecata.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gym*no"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/  the back: cf.  F.

<ets>gymnote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

South American fresh-water fishes, including the <spn>Gymnotus

electricus</spn>, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like

body, and is possessed of electric power.</def>



<q>One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the

electric blow of the <qex>gymnotus</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Gyn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To begin

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Gin</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Gyn`\'91*ce"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Gyn`\'91*ci"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ women's apartments, fr. <?/ a woman.]</ety>

<def>The part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively

appropriated to women.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>gyneceum</asp>, <asp>gynecium</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Gy*n\'91"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>The same

as <er>Gynecian</er>.</def>



<hw>Gy`n\'91"co*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ the women's apartments + <?/ to bear.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ventral canal or groove, in which

the males of some dioecious trematodes carry the female. See

Illust. of <er>H\'91matozoa</er>.</def>



<hw>Gy*nan"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gynandrian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant having

the stamens inserted in the pistil.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gy*nan"dri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Gynandrian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A class of plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow

out of, or are united with, the pistil.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Gy*nan"dri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Gy*nan"drous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gy`nandros</grk> of doubtful sex; <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman +

<?/, <?/, man: cf. F. <ets>gynandre</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having stamens inserted in the pistil;

belonging to the class <xex>Gynandria</xex>.</def>



<hw>Gy*nan"dro*morph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal affected with

gynandromorphism,</def>



<hw>Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman, female + <?/, <?/, a man,

male + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An abnormal

condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external

characters of the male, and the other those of the female.</def>



<hw>Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Affected, with gynandromorphism.</def>



<hw>Gy*nan"ther*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + E. <ets>anther</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the

flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils.</def>



<au>A. Brown.</au>



<hw>Gyn"ar*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gynh`</grk> a woman+  <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Government by a woman.</def>



<au>Chesterfield.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gyn"e*ce`um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gyn\'91ceum</er>.</def>



<hw>Gy*ne"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to women.</def>



<hw>Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. 

<?/; <grk>gynh`</grk>, <grk>gynaiko`s</grk>, a woman + <?/ to

rule: cf. F.  <ets>gyn\'82cocratie</ets>. Cf.

<er>Gynocracy</er>.]</ety> <def>Government by a woman, female

power; gyneocracy.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to gynecology.</def>



<hw>Gyn"e*col`o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>gynh`</grk>, <grk>gynaiko`s</grk>, a woman+

<ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the

structure and diseases of women.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Gyn`e*col"o*gist</wf>.</wordforms>



<hw>Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gynecocracy</er>.</def>



<hw>Gyn`e*ol"a*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a woman + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>The adoration or worship of

woman.</def>



<q>The sentimental <qex>gyneolatry</qex> of chivalry, which was

at best but skin-deep.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Gyn`e*pho"bi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a woman + <?/ fear.]</ety> <def>Hatred of

women; repugnance to the society of women.</def>



<au>Holmes.</au>



<hw>Gyn"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To begin. See

<er>Gin</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Gyn"o*base</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

woman, female + E. <ets>base</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular

ovary.</def>



<hw>Gyn"o*ba`sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or having, a

gynobase.</def>



<hw>Gy*noc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gynecocracy</er>.]</ety> <def>Female government;

gynecocracy.</def>



<q>The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute

despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate

stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even

<qex>gynocracy</qex>; for I myself remember Alsatia governed for

nearly nine months by an old fishwoman.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Gy"no*di*\'d2`cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ a woman + E. <ets>di<?/cious</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dioecious, but having some hermaphrodite

or perfect flowers on an individual plant which bears mostly

pistillate flowers.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gy*n\'d2"ci*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr.  Gr. <?/ a woman + <?/ house.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pistils of a flower, taken

collectively. See Illust. of <er>Carpophore</er>.</def>



<hw>Gyn"o*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

woman, female  + <?/ to bear, produce: cf. F.

<ets>gynophore</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens,

as in the passion flower.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the branches

bearing the female gonophores, in certain Siphonophora.</def>



<hw>Gyp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Said to be a

sportive application of Gr. <?/ a vulture.]</ety> <def>A college

servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a

<xex>scout</xex>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<hw>Gypse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Gypsum</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pococke.</au>



<hw>Gyp"se*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gypseus</ets>. See <er>Gypsum</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling

or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.</def>



<hw>Gyp"sey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gypsy. See

<er>Gypsy</er>.</def>



<hw>Gyp*sif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gypsum</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gypsif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing gypsum.</def>



<hw>Gyp'sine</hw> <pr>((?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Gypseous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>Gyp*sog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gypsum</ets> +  <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

act or art of engraving on gypsum.</def>



<hw>Gyp"so*plast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gypsum</ets> + Gr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <def>A cast

taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.</def>



<hw>Gyp"sum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gypsum</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf.  Ar. <ets>jibs</ets> plaster,

mortar, Per. <ets>jabs<?/n</ets> lime.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime

(calcium). When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is

a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white,

massive variety.</def>



<hw>Gyp"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gypsies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>Gypcyan</ets>, F. <ets>gyptien</ets> Egyptian,

<ets>gypsy</ets>, L. <ets>Aegyptius</ets>. See

<er>Egyptian</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also spelled <ets>gipsy</ets>

and <ets>gypsey</ets>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of a

vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India,

entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered over

Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft,

fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf.

<er>Bohemian</er>, <er>Romany</er>.</def>



<q>Like a right <qex>gypsy</qex>, hath, at fast and loose,

Beguiled me to the very heart of loss.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language used by the gypsies.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dark-complexioned person.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A cunning or crafty person</def>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Gyp"sy</hw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or suitable

for, gypsies.</def>



<cs><col>Gypsy hat</col>, <cd>a woman's or child's broad-brimmed

hat, usually of straw or felt.</cd> -- <col>Gypsy winch</col>,

<cd>a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a

ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 661 -->



<hw>Gyp"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the

gypsy; to picnic in the woods.</def> <mark>Mostly</mark>.

<wordforms><wf>Gyp"sy*ing</wf>, <pos>vb. n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gyp"sy*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception;

cheating; flattery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of a gypsy.</def>



<hw>Gyp"sy*wort"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A labiate plant (the <spn>Lycopus

Europ\'91us</spn>). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its

juice.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gyr`a*can"thus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr, <?/ round + <?/ spine.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil fishes, found in

Devonian and carboniferous strata;  -- so named from their round,

sculptured spines.</def>



<hw>Gy"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gyre</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving in a circular path

or way; whirling; gyratory.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a gyrus, or

convolution.</def>



<hw>Gy"rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gyrating.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gy"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gyratus</ets> made in a circular form, p. p. of

<ets>gyrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Winding or coiled round; curved

into a circle; taking a circular course.</def>



<hw>Gy"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Gyrated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Gyrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>gyratus</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>gyrare</ets> to <ets>gyrate</ets>. See <er>Gyre</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To revolve round a central point; to

move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve.</def>



<hw>Gy*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a

circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation;

revolution.</def>



<q>The <qex>gyrations</qex> of an ascending balloon.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<q>If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with

<qex>gyrations</qex> continually repeated, the whole circle will

appear like fire.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton. </qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the whorls of a

spiral univalve shell.</def>



<cs><col>Center of gyration</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Center</er>.</cd> -- <col>Radius of gyration</col><cd>

the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center

of gyration. <au>Rankine</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Gy"ra*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moving in a

circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.</def>



<hw>Gyre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gyrus</ets>, Gr. <?/, cf. <?/ round.]</ety> <def>A circular

motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or

revolution; a circuit.</def>



<q>Quick and more quick he spins in giddy <qex>gyres</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Still expanding and ascending <qex>gyres</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning. </qau>



<hw>Gyre</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>gyrer</ets>, <ets>girer</ets>. See <er>Gyrate</er>.]</ety>

<def>To turn round; to gyrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall. Drayton.  </au>



<hw>Gyre"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in

gyres.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Gyr"en*ceph`a*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.  fr. Gr. <?/ round+ <?/ the brain.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The higher orders of Mammalia, in

which the cerebrum is convoluted.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Gyr"fal`con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>gerfaucon</ets>, OF. <ets>gerfaucon</ets>, LL.

<ets>gyrofalco</ets>, perh. fr.  L. <ets>gyrus</ets> circle +

falco <ets>falcon</ets>, and named from its circling flight; or

cf. E. gier-eagle. See <er>Gyre</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Falcon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several

species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. <spn>Falco

rusticolus</spn> and the white species <spn>F. Islandicus</spn>,

both of which are circumpolar.  The black and the gray are

varieties of the former. See Illust. of <er>Accipiter</er>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>gerfalcon</asp>, <asp>gierfalcon</asp>,

and <asp>jerfalcon</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Gy"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gyrus</er>.</def>



<hw>Gyr"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Garland</er>.]</ety> <def>To garland.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Gyr"o*dus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ round + <?/ tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A

genus of extinct o\'94litic fishes, having rounded teeth in

several rows adapted for crushing.</def>



<hw>Gy*rog"o*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

circle, ring + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The

petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of stonewort. See

<er>Stonewort</er>.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<hw>Gy*roid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

circle + <ets>-oid  + -al</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Spiral

in arrangement or action.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having the planes

arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or

left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain hemihedral

forms.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Turning the plane of

polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gy*rol"e*pis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/  round + <?/ scale.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>

<def>A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red

sandetone, and the lias bone beds.</def>



<au>Agassiz.</au>



<hw>\'d8Gy*ro"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ to round, bend, fr. <?/ round.]</ety> <def>A turning

round.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Gyr"o*man"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 

ring, circle + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>gyromancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination performed

by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it.</def>



<au>Brande & C.  </au>



<hw>Gy"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>giron</ets>; of German origin. See <er>Gore</er> a piece of

cloth,]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A subordinary of triangular

form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite

aide at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron

on the shield it is bounded by two linea drawn from the fess

point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter

chief corner.</def>



<hw>Gy"ron*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>gironn<?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Covered with

gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an

escutcheon.</def>



<hw>Gy"ro*pi"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>gyrare</ets> to revolve + E. <ets>pigeon</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when

projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in

shooting matches.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Gy"ro*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

ring, circle + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the

dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc.

It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it

was called the rotascope.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A form of the above apparatus, invented by M.

Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation

of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to

preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the

earth's motion.</def>



<hw>Gy"ro*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the

gyroscope.</def>



<hw>Gy-rose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Gyre</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turned round like a

crook, or bent to and fro.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<hw>Gy"ro*stat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

ring, circle + <?/ to cause to stand.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld>

<def>A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a

fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin

flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in

studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.</def>



<hw>Gy"ro*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to

gyrostatics.</def>



<hw>Gy"ro*stat"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat,

or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.</def>



<hw>\'d8Gy"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Gyri</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Gyre</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A convoluted ridge between grooves; a

convolution; <as>as, the <ex>gyri</ex> of the brain; the

<ex>gyri</ex> of brain coral</as>.  See <er>Brain</er>.</def>



<hw>Gyse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Guise.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Gyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Delirious;

senselessly extravagant; <as>as, the man is clean

gyte</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.  </au>



<hw>Gyve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Celtic origin;

cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael. geimheal.]</ety> <def>A

shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>give</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>Like a poor prisoner in his twisted <qex>gyves</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>With <qex>gyves</qex> upon his wrist.</q>

<qau>Hood.</qau>



<hw>Gyve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[<ets>imp. & p. p.</ets>

<er>Gyved</er> (<?/); <ets>p. pr. & vb. n.</ets>

<er>Gyving</er>.]</ety> <def>To fetter; to shackle; to

chain.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>I will <qex>gyve</qex> thee in thine own courtship.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>





<centered><point26>H.</point26></centered>





<hw>H</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, the eighth letter of the English

alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the

mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding

vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs

representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as

<xex>sh</xex>, <xex>th</xex>, <xex>th</xex>, as in shall, thing,

thine (for <it>zh</it> see <sect/274); also, to modify the sounds

of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the

former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh,

as in charm (written also <xex>tch</xex> as in catch), with the

latter, the sound of f, as in <it>phase</it>, <it>phantom</it>.

In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign

languages, <it>h</it> following <it>c</it> and <it>g</it>

indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before

<it>e</it>, <it>i</it>, and <it>y</it>, as in

<xex>chemistry</xex>, <xex>chiromancy</xex>, <xex>chyle</xex>,

<xex>Ghent</xex>, <xex>Ghibelline</xex>, etc.; in some others,

<it>ch</it> has the sound of <it>sh</it>, as in chicane. See

<er>Guide to Pronunciation</er>, <sect/<sect/ 153, 179, 181-3,

237-8.</def>



<note>   The name (aitch) is from the French <it>ache</it>; its

form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used

as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it

came to represent the long vowel, Gr. <eta/. The Greek H is from

Ph\'d2nician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian.

Etymologically H is most closely related to <it>c</it>; as in E.

<it>h</it>orn, L. <it>c</it>ornu, Gr. <grk>ke`ras</grk>; E.

<it>h</it>ele, <pos>v. t.</pos>, con<it>c</it>eal; E.

<it>h</it>ide, L. <it>c</it>utis, Gr. <grk>ky`tos</grk>; E.

<it>h</it>undred, L. <it>c</it>entum, Gr. <grk>'e-kat-on</grk>,

Skr. <it><csdot/</it>ata.</note>



<cs><col>H piece</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the part of a

plunger pump which contains the valve.</cd></cs>



<hw>H</hw> <pr>(h<add/)</pr>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The seventh

degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B

natural. See <er>B</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha</hw> <pr>(h<add/)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>

<ety>[AS.]</ety> <def>An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or

grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great

variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When

repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction,

or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is

equivalent to  \'bdWell, it is so.\'b8</def>



<q><qex>Ha</qex>-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical

rebuke.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Haaf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Scand. origin;

cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E.

haven.]</ety> <def>The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk,

off the Shetland Isles.</def>



<hw>Haak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A sea fish. See <er>Hake</er>.</def>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Haar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hoar</er>.]</ety> <def>A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a

chill wind.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>T. Chalmers.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ha"be*as corpus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. you may have

the body.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ having for its

object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one

to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention

by another, with the view to protect the right to personal

liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a

pending trial.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ha*ben"dum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

<ets>that</ets> must be <ets>had</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>That part of a deed which follows the part called the

<xex>premises</xex>, and determines the extent of the interest or

estate granted; -- so called because it begins with the word

<ets>Habendum.</ets></def>



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>Hab"er*dash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Haberdasher</er>.]</ety> <def>To deal in small wares.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>To <qex>haberdash</qex> in earth's base ware.</q>

<qau>Quarles.</qau>



<hw>Hab"er*dash"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

fr. Icel. <ets>hapurtask</ets> trumpery, trifles, perh. through

French. It is possibly akin to E. <ets>haversack</ets>, and to

Icel. <ets>taska</ets> trunk, chest, pocket, G. <ets>tasche</ets>

pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins,

needles, and thread; also, a hatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>haberdasher</qex> heapeth wealth by hats.</q>

<qau>Gascoigne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dealer in drapery goods of various

descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.</def>



<hw>Hab"er*dash"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.),

trifles.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Hab"er*dine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>abberdaan</ets>, <ets>labberdaan</ets>; or a French form,

cf. OF. <ets>habordeau</ets>, from the name of a Basque district,

cf. F. <ets>Labourd</ets>, adj. <ets>Labourdin.</ets>  The

<it>l</it> was misunderstood as the French article.]</ety> <def>A

cod salted and dried.</def>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<hw>Ha*ber"ge*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>haubergeon</ets> a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. 

haubert. See Hauberk.]</ety> <def>Properly, a short hauberk, but

often used loosely for the hauberk.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hab"i*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes.</def>



<au>Ld. Lytton.  </au>



<hw>Hab"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>habile</ets>, L. <ets>habilis</ets>. See <er>Able</er>,

<er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit; qualified; also, apt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ha*bil"i*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit,

make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See

Habile.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A garment; an article of

clothing.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Dress, in general.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ha*bil"i*ment*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clothed. Taylor

(1630).</def>



<hw>Ha*bil"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>habilitatus</ets>, p. p. of habilitare to enable.]</ety>

<def>Qualified or entitled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ha*bil"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fit

out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ha*bil"i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

habilitatio: cf. F. <ets>habilitation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Equipment; qualification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ha*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ability</er>.]</ety> <def>Ability; aptitude.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Robynson. (More's Utopia).</au>



<hw>Hab"it</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>habit</ets>, <ets>abit</ets> fr.  <ets>habit</ets> fr. L.

<ets>habitus</ets> state, appearance, dress, fr.

<ets>habere</ets> to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E.

<ets>have.</ets> See <er>Have</er>, and cf. <er>Able</er>,

<er>Binnacle</er>, <er>Debt</er>, <er>Due</er>, <er>Exhibit</er>,

<er>Malady.</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The usual condition or

state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded

as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; <as>as, a

religious <ex>habit</ex>; his <ex>habit</ex> is morose; elms have

a spreading <ex>habit</ex></as>; esp., physical temperament or

constitution; <as>as, a full <ex>habit</ex> of body</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The general appearance and

manner of life of a living organism.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of

conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary

tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired

by their frequent repetition; <as>as, <ex>habit</ex> is second

nature</as>; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms

of behavior.</def>



<q>A man of very shy, retired <qex>habits</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a

garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies;

<as>as, a riding <ex>habit</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Costly thy <qex>habit</qex> as thy purse can buy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different

<qex>habits</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Habit</er>, <er>Custom.</er> <xex>Habit</xex> is a

disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and

with growing certainty, what we do often; <xex>custom</xex> is

external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the

same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The

<xex>custom</xex> of giving produces a habit of liberality;

<xex>habits</xex> of devotion promote the <xex>custom</xex> of

going to church. <xex>Custom</xex> also supposes an act of the

will, selecting given modes of procedure; <xex>habit</xex> is a

law of our being, a kind of \'bdsecond nature\'b8 which grows up

within us.</usage>



<q>How use doth breed a <qex>habit</qex> in a man !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute,</q>

<q>Consent, or <qex>custom.</qex></q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hab"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos.imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Habited</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Habiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>habiten</ets> to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L.

<ets>habitare</ets> to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr.

habere to have. See <er>Habit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To inhabit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In thilke places as they [birds] habiten.</q>

<au>Rom. of R. </au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dress; to clothe; to array.</def>



<q>They <qex>habited</qex> themselves lite those rural

deities.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To accustom; to habituate. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

Chapman.</def>



<hw>Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Habitableness.</def>



<hw>Hab"it*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<er>habitable</er>, L. <ets>habitbilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable

of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; <as>as,

the <ex>habitable</ex> world</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hab"it*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Hab"it*a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<-- p. 662 -->



<hw>Hab"ita*kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>habitacle</ets> dwelling place, binnacle, L.

<ets>habitaculum</ets> dwelling place. See <er>Binnacle</er>,

<er>Habit</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>A dwelling place.</def>



<au>Chaucer. Southey.</au>



<hw>Ha`bi`tan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Habitant</er>, 2.</def>



<q>General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the

feelings of the <qex>habitans</qex> or French yeomanry.</q>

<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>



<hw>Hab"it*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>habitance</ets>, LL. <ets>habitania</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Dwelling; abode; residence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Habi"it*an*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Inhabitancy</er>.</def>



<hw>Hab`it*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>habitant</ets>. See <er>Habit</er>,

<pos>v.</pos><ets>t</ets>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inhabitant; a dweller.</def>



<au>Milton. Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[F. <it>pron.</it> <pr>(<?/)</pr>]</ety> <def>An

inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting farmers

of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province

of Quebec; -- usually in plural.</def>



<q>The <qex>habitants</qex> or cultivators of the soil.</q>

<qau>Parkman.</qau>



<hw>Hab`i*tat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., it

dwells, fr. <ets>habitare</ets>. See <er>Habit</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The natural

abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Place where anything is commonly found.</def>



<q>This word has its <qex>habitat</qex> in Oxfordshire.</q>

<qau>Earle.</qau>



<hw>Hab`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>habitation</ets>, L.

<ets>habi</ets>(<?/)<ets>atio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being

inhabited; occupancy.</def>



<au>Denham.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence;

house.</def>



<q>The Lord . . . blesseth the <qex>habitation</qex> of the

just.</q>

<qau>Prov. iii. 33.</qau>



<hw>Hab"ita`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>A dweller; an inhabitant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Hab`it*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Clothed; arrayed; dressed; <as>as, he was

<ex>habited</ex> like a shepherd</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fixed by habit; accustomed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So <qex>habited</qex> he was in sobriety.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inhabited.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Another world, which is <qex>habited</qex> by the ghosts of

men and women.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Ha*bit"ual</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>habituel</ets>, LL. <ets>habituals</ets>. See

<er>Habit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Formed or

acquired by habit or use.</def>



<q>An <qex>habitual</qex> knowledge of certain rules and

maxims.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>According to habit; established by habit;

customary; constant; <as>as, the <ex>habiual</ex> practice of

sin</as>.</def>



<q>It is the distinguishing mark of <qex>habitual</qex> piety to

be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings.</q>

<qau>Buckminster.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted;

ordinary; regular; familiar.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ha*bit"u*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ha*bit"u*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ha*bit"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Habituated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Habituating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>habituatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>habituare</ets> to bring into a condition or habit of

body: cf. F. <ets>habituer</ets>. See <er>Habit</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make accustomed; to accustom; to

familiarize.</def>



<q>Our English dogs, who were <qex>habituated</qex> to a colder

clime.</q>

<qau>Sir K. Digby.</qau>



<q>Men are first corrupted . . . and next they

<qex>habituate</qex> themselves to their vicious practices.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To settle as an inhabitant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>



<hw>Ha*bit"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Firmly

established by custom; formed by habit; habitual.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Ha*bit`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>habituation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of habituating, or

accustoming; the state of being habituated.</def>



<hw>Hab"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>habitudo</ets> condition. See <er>Habit</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state

with reference to something else; established or usual

relations.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<q>The same ideas having immutably the same <qex>habitudes</qex>

one to another.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than

<?/heir <qex>habitudes</qex> of thinking.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Habitual association, intercourse, or

familiarity.</def>



<q>To write well, one must have frequent <qex>habitudes</qex>

with the best company.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Habit of body or of action.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>It is impossible to gain an exact <qex>habitude</qex> without

an infinite <?/umber of acts and perpetual practice.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ha`bi`tu`e"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., p.

p. of <ets>habituer</ets>. See <er>Habituate</er>.]</ety>

<def>One who habitually frequents a place; <as>as, an

<ex>habitu\'82</ex> of a theater</as>.</def>



<hw>Hab"i*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Habitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Hab"i*tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Habitude; mode of

life; general appearance.</def>



<hw>Ha"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Habile</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hab"nab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<altsp>[<er>Hobnob</er>.]</altsp> <def>By chance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hach"ure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>hacher</ets> to hack. See <er>Hatching</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A short line used in drawing and

engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces,

as in map drawing. See <er>Hatching</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ha`ci*en"da</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp., fr. OSp. <ets>facienda</ets> employment, estate, fr.

L. <ets>facienda</ets>, pl. of <ets>faciendum</ets> what is to be

done, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>

<def>A large estate where work of any kind is done, as

agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a

cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming

establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word used

in Spanish-American regions.</def>

<-- 2. The main residence of a hacienda <sn>1.</sn> -->



<hw>Hack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hatch</er> a half door.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A frame or

grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or

cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for

drying.</def>



<hw>Hack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hacked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hakken</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>hakken</ets>, G. <ets>hacken</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hakke</ets>, Sw. <ets>hacka</ets>, and perh. to E.

<ets>hew</ets>. Cf. <er>Hew</er> to cut, <er>Haggle</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut irregulary, without skill or definite

purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting

instrument; <as>as, to <ex>hack</ex> a post</as>.</def>



<q>My sword <qex>hacked</qex> like a handsaw.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To mangle in speaking.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cough faintly and

frequently, or in a short, broken manner; <as>as, a

<ex>hacking</ex> cough</as>.</def>



<hw>Hack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A notch; a

cut.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick

used in breaking stone.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken

cough.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Football)</fld> <def>A kick on the shins.</def>



<au>T. Hughes.</au>



<cs><col>Hack saw</col>, <cd>a handsaw having a narrow blade

stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Shortened fr.

<ets>hackney</ets>. See <er>Hackney</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire;

also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as

distinguished from hunting and carriage horses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly,

a a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney

coach.</def>



<q>On horse, on foot, in <qex>hacks</qex> and gilded

chariots.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort

of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge.</def>



<q>Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed,

Who long was a bookseller's <qex>hack</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A procuress.</def>



<hw>Hack</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hackneyed; hired;

mercenary.</def>



<au>Wakefield.</au>



<cs><col>Hack writer</col>, <cd>a hack; one who writes for hire.

\'bdA vulgar <xex>hack writer<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Hack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use as a

hack; to let out for hire.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to

render trite and commonplace.</def><-- = hackney? -->



<q>The word \'bdremarkable\'b8 has been so <xex>hacked</xex> of

late.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<hw>Hack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be exposed or

offered or to common use for hire; to turn prostitute.</def>



<au>Hanmer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To live the life of a drudge or hack.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Hack"a*more</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.

<ets>jaquima</ets> headstall of a halter.]</ety> <def>A halter

consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, -- used

for leading or tieing a pack animal.</def> <mark>[Western

U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Hack"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees (<spn>Celtis</spn>)

related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often

edible, pulp. <spn>C. occidentalis</spn> is common in the Eastern

United States.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Hack"bolt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>,

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The greater shearwater or hagdon. See

<er>Hagdon</er>.</def>



<hw>Hack"buss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hagbut</er>.</def>



<hw>Hack"ee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or

red squirrel.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Hack"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making

notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting

turpentine; a hack.</def>



<hw>Hack"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>chakr\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cart with wooden wheels,

drawn by bullocks.</def> <mark>[Bengal]</mark>



<au>Malcom.</au>



<hw>Hac"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Heckle</er>, and cf. <er>Hatchel</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a

hatchel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on

the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in

making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An artificial fly for angling, made of

feathers.</def>



<hw>Hac"kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hackled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hackling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the

fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or

hatchel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tear asunder; to break in pieces.</def>



<q>The other divisions of the kingdom being <qex>hackled</qex>

and torn to pieces.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Hac"kly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hackle</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rough or broken, as if

hacked.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having fine, short, and sharp

points on the surface; <as>as, the <ex>hackly</ex> fracture of

metallic iron</as>.</def>



<hw>Hack"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hackmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The driver of a

hack or carriage for public hire.</def>



<hw>Hack"ma*tack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of

American Indian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

American larch (<spn>Larix Americana</spn>), a coniferous tree

with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained

timber. Called also <altname>tamarack</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hack"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hackneys</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>haceney</ets>, <ets>hacenay</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>haquen\'82e</ets> a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also

<ets>haquen\'82e</ets>, Sp. <ets>hacanea</ets>, OSp. 

<ets>facanea</ets>, D. <ets>hakkenei</ets>, also OF.

<ets>haque</ets> horse, Sp. <ets>haca</ets>, OSp.

<ets>faca</ets>; perh akin to E. <ets>hack</ets> to cut, and

orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. <er>Hack</er> a horse,

<er>Nag</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A horse for riding or

driving; a nag; a pony.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A horse or pony kept for hire.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney

coach.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.</def>



<hw>Hack"ney</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Let out for hire; devoted

to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; <as>as,

<ex>hackney</ex> coaches; <ex>hackney</ex> authors.</as></def>

\'bd<xex>Hackney</xex> tongue.\'b8



<au>Roscommon.</au>



<-- also hackneyed -->



<hw>Hack"ney</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hackneyed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hackneying</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear

out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; <as>as, a

<ex>hackneyed</ex> metaphor or quotation</as>.</def>



<q>Had I lavish of my presence been,

So common-<qex>hackneyed</qex> in the eyes of men.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To carry in a hackney coach.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Hack"ney*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hackneymen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man who lets

horses and carriages for hire.</def>



<hw>Hack"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hack</er> to cut.]</ety> <def>A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an

assassin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hac"que*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Acton</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Had</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Have</er>. <ety>[OE.<ets>had</ets>, <ets>hafde</ets>,

<ets>hefde</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91fde</ets>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Have</er>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Had as lief</col>, <col>Had rather</col>, <col>Had

better</col>, <col>Had as soon</col></mcol>, etc., <cd>with a

nominative and followed by the infinitive without <xex>to<xex>,

are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction

was that of the dative with forms of <xex>be<xex>, followed by

the infinitive. See <cref>Had better</cref>, under

<er>Better</er>.</cd></cs>



<q>And <qex>lever me is</qex> be pore and trewe.

[And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.]</q>

<qau>C. Mundi (Trans. ).</qau>



<q><qex>Him had been lever</qex> to be syke.

[To him it had been preferable to be sick.]</q>

<qau>Fabian.</qau>



<q>For <qex>him was lever</qex> have at his bed's head

Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . . 

Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<note>Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative,

and <xex>had<xex> for the forms of <xex>be<xex>. During the

process of transition, the nominative with <xex>was<xex> or

<xex>were<xex>, and the dative with <xex>had<xex>, are

found.</note>



<q>Poor lady, <qex>she were better</qex> love a dream.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>You were best</qex> hang yourself.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<q><qex>Me rather had</qex> my heart might feel your love

Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>I hadde levere</qex> than my scherte,

That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q><qex>I had as lief</qex> not be as live to be

In awe of such a thing as I myself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>I had rather</qex> be a dog and bay the moon,

Than such a Roman.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>I had rather</qex> be a doorkeeper in the house of my

God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxxiv.10.</qau>



<hw>Had"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Heather;

heath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Burton</au>.



<hw>Had"die</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The haddock.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Had"dock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hadoc</ets>, <ets>haddok</ets>, of unknown origin; cf. Ir.

<ets>codog</ets>, Gael. <ets>adag</ets>, F.

<ets>hadot</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine food

fish (<spn>Melanogrammus \'91glefinus</spn>), allied to the cod,

inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a

dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just

back of the gills. Galled also <altname>haddie</altname>, and

<altname>dickie</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Norway haddock</col>, <cd>a marine edible fish

(<spn>Sebastes marinus</spn>) of Northern Europe and America. See

<er>Rose fish</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>heald</ets> inclined, bowed down, G. <ets>halde</ets>

declivity.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The descent of a hill.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The inclination or deviation

from the vertical of any mineral vein.</def>



<hw>Hade</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To

deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or

lode.</def>



<hw>Ha"des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/ + <?/ 

to see. Cf. <er>Un-</er>, <er>Wit</er>.]</ety> <def>The nether

world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades,

ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the

grave.</def>



<q>And death and <qex>Hades</qex> gave up the dead which were in

them.</q>

<qau>Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>



<q>Neither was he left in <qex>Hades</qex>, nor did his flesh see

corruption.</q>

<qau>Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.).</qau>



<q>And in <qex>Hades</qex> he lifted up his eyes, being in

torments.</q>

<qau>Luke xvi.23 (Rev. Ver.).</qau>



<hw>\'d8Hadj</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Ar.<ets>hajj</ets>, fr. <ets>hajja</ets> to set out, walk,

go on a pilgrimage.]</ety> <def>The pilgrimage to Mecca,

performed by Mohammedans.</def>



<hw>Hadj"i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>h\'bej<imac/</ets>. See <er>Hadj</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a

respectful salutation or a title of honor.</def>



<au>G. W. Curtis.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy

sepulcher at Jerusalem.</def>



<au>Heyse.</au>



<hw>\'d8Had`ro*sau"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"adro`s</grk> thick + <grk>say^ros</grk>

lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An American herbivorous

dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in

the Cretaceous formation.</def>



<hw>H\'91c*ce`i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[L.

<ets>h\'91cce</ets> this.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld>

<def>Literally, <xex>this-ness</xex>. A scholastic term to

express individuality or singleness; <as>as, <ex>this</ex>

book</as>.</def>



<mhw><hw>H\'91m"a-</hw> <pr>(<?/ or <?/)</pr>,

<hw>H\'91m"a*to-</hw> <pr>(<?/ or <?/)</pr>, <hw>H\'91m"o-</hw>

<pr>(<?/ or <?/)</pr></mhw>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>ai^"ma</grk>,

blood.]</ety> <def>Combining forms indicating <xex>relation or

resemblance to blood</xex>, <xex>association with blood</xex>;

<as>as, <ex>h\'91ma</ex>pod, <ex>h\'91mato</ex>genesis,

<ex>h\'91mo</ex>scope</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ Words from Gr. (<?/) are written <xex>hema</xex>-,

<xex>hemato</xex>-, <xex>hemo</xex>-, as well as

<xex>h\'91ma</xex>-, <xex>h\'91mato</xex>-,

<xex>h\'91mo</xex>-.</note>



<hw>H\'91m"a*chrome</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>Hematin.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*cy"a*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr.<?/ a dark blue substance.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance found in the blood

of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color.</def>



<note><hand/ When deprived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes

quickly blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called

<xex>oxyh\'91macyanin</xex>. A similar blue coloring matter has

been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and

in the bile.</note>



<hw>H\'91m`a*cy*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91ma</ets> + Gr. <?/ a hollow vessel +

<ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An apparatus

for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of

blood.</def>



<hw>H\'91"mad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + L. <ets>ad</ets> toward.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward the h\'91mal side; on the h\'91mal

side of; -- opposed to <xex>neurad</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>H\'91m`a*drom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>,

<hw>H\'91m`a*dre*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Hemadrometer</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>H\'91m`a*drom"e*try</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>,<hw>H\'91m`a*dro*mom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Hemadrometry</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*drom"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ course +

<ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An

instrument for registering the velocity of the blood.</def>



<mhw><hw>H\'91`ma*dy*nam"e*ter</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>

<hw>H\'91`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr></mhw>,

<def>Same as <er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91ma*dy*nam"ics</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Hemadynamics</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

blood.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels;

also, ventral. See <er>Hemal</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*ph\'91"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ dusky.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A brownish substance sometimes found

in the blood, in cases of jaundice.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"a*pod</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91ma</ets> + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An h\'91mapodous animal.</def>



<au>G. Rolleston.</au>



<-- p. 663 -->



<hw>H\'91*map"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the limbs on, or directed toward,

the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to

<xex>neuropodous</xex>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*poi*et"ic</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ productive.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bloodforming; <as>as, the

<ex>h\'91mapoietic</ex> function of the spleen</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8H\'91m`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Hemapophysis</er>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>H\'91m`a*po*phys"i*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>H\'91m`a*stat"ics</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hemastatics</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ swift +

<ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A form of

apparatus (somewhat different from the <xex>hemadrometer</xex>)

for measuring the velocity of the blood.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The measurement of the velocity of the

blood.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*tem"e*sis</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematemesis</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish

red.</def>



<cs><col>H\'91matic acid</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a

hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during

its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing

carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum.</cd></cs>



<au>Thudichum.</au>



<hw>H\'91m"a*tin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematin</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*ti*nom"e*ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematinometer</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*tin`o*met"ric</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematinometric</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"a*tite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematite</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*tit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of a blood-red color; crimson;

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> brownish red.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"a*to-</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>prefix.</pos>

<def>See <er>H\'91ma-</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"a*to*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the very minute, disk-shaped

bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white

corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to

be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; --

called also <altname>blood plaque</altname>, and <altname>blood

plate</altname>.</def><-- = hemocytoblast, hematocytoblast. 

Precursor of erythroblasts, lymphoblasts, and myeloblasts, found

mostly in bone marrow.  Hayem's hematoblast = a platelet -->



<hw>\'d8H\'91m`a*toc"ry*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as

<er>Hematocrya</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`*a*toc"ry*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cold-blooded.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*to*crys"tal*lin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematocrystallin</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*to*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The origin and

development of blood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The transformation

of venous arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*to*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to h\'91matogenesis.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*tog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Originating in the blood.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*to*glob"u*lin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematoglobin</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"a*toid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematoid</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*toid"in</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematoidin</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91*mat"o*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance formed from the

hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of

concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively

<xex>h\'91matoporphyrin</xex> and <xex>h\'91matolin</xex>, are

formed in a similar manner.</def>



<hw>H\'91*mat"o*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>H\'91matoin</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The science which treats of the blood. Same as

<er>Hematology</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as

<er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument

for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given

quantity of blood.</def>



<hw>\'d8H\'91m`a*to*ph*li"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. -gr. <?/, <?/, blood + <?/ to love.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Cheiroptera, including

the bloodsucking bats. See <er>Vampire</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"a*to*plast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to mold.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>H\'91matoblast</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*to*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Blood formative; -- applied to a

substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into

blood vessels.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*to*por"phy*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + Gr. <?/ purple.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>H\'91matoin</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"a*to*sac`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>sac</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A vascular sac connected, beneath the

brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"a*to*scope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

h\'91moscope.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*to"sin</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Hematin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8H\'91m`a*to"sis</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hematosis</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8H\'91m`a*to*ther"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hematotherma</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*to*ther"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*to*tho"rax</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hemothorax</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`a*tex"y*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>H\'91matoxylon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The

coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow

crystalline substance, <chform>C16H14O6</chform>, with a sweetish

taste. Formerly called also <altname>hematin</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8H\'91m`a*tox"y*lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ wood.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single

species, the <spn>H. Campechianum</spn> or logwood tree, native

in Yucatan.</def>



<hw>\'d8H\'91m`a*to*zo"\'94n</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>H\'91matozoa</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, blood + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A parasite inhabiting the blood</def>; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Certain species of nematodes of the genus

<spn>Filaria</spn>, sometimes found in the blood of man, the

horse, the dog, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The trematode,

<spn>Bilharzia h\'91matobia</spn>, which infests the inhabitants

of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.</def>



<hw>H\'91"mic</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr><def>, <?/. Pertaining to the

blood; hemal.</def>



<hw>H\'91"min</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hemin</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"o-</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>prefix.</pos> <def>See

<er>H\'91ma-</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"ochrome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>H\'91machrome</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*chro"mogen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mochrome</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A body obtained from hemoglobin,

by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*chro*mom`e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mochrome</ets> +  <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring the

amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution

of known strength and of normal color.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*cy"a*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>H\'91macyanin</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8H\'91m`o*cy*tol"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ hollow vessel + <?/ to loosen,

dissolve.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See

<er>H\'91mocytotrypsis</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*cy*tom"e*ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>H\'91macytometer</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8H\'91m`o*cy`to*tryp"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ hollow vessel+<?/ to rub,

grind.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A breaking up of the

blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from solution of

the corpuscles, or <xex>h\'91mcytolysis</xex>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*drom"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>H\'91madromograph</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91`mo*dy*nam"e*ter</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Hemadynamics</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*glo"bin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hemoglobin</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91moglobin</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Same as <er>Hemochromometer</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*lu"te*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mo-</ets> + corpus <ets>lute</ets>um.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hematoidin</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*ma*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mo-</ets> + <ets>manometer</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Same as <er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mo-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91"mo*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>H\'91monia</ets> a name of Thessaly, the land of

magic.]</ety> <def>A plant described by Milton as \'bdof

sovereign use against all enchantments.\'b8</def>



<hw>H\'91mo*plas"tic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>H\'91matoplastic</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"or*rhoid"al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hemorrhoidal</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m"o*scope</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>H\'91mo-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument devised by Hermann, for

regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for

spectroscopic examination.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same

<er>Hemostatic</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>H\'91matachometer</er>.</def>



<hw>H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>H\'91matachometry</er>.</def>



<hw>Haf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <mord>of

<er>Heave</er></mord>. <def>Hove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Haf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>haften</ets> to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop,

stammer.]</ety> <def>To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to

prevaricate.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Haft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'91ft</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>heft</ets>, Icel.

<ets>hepti</ets>, and to E. <ets>Heave</ets>, or <ets>have</ets>.

Cf. <er>Heft</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A handle; that part of

an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is

held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the

hilt.</def>



<q>This brandish'dagger

I'll bury to the <qex>haft</qex> in her fair breast.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dwelling.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Haft</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To set in, or furnish with,

a haft; <as>as, to <ex>haft</ex> a dagger</as>.</def>



<hw>Haft"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<?/f. G.

<ets>haften</ets> to cling or stick to, and E.

<ets>haffle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A caviler; a wrangler.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Baret.</au>



<hw>Hag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hagge</ets>, <ets>hegge</ets>, with, hag, AS.

<ets>h\'91gtesse</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hagazussa</ets>, G.

<ets>hexe</ets>, D. <ets>heks</ets>, Dan. <ets>hex</ets>, Sw.

<ets>h\'84xa</ets>. The first part of the word is prob. the same

as E. <ets>haw</ets>, <ets>hedge</ets>, and the orig. meaning was

perh., wood woman, wild woman. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd[Silenus] that old <xex>hag</xex>.\'b8



<au>Golding.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ugly old woman.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fury; a she-monster.</def>



<au>Grashaw.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An eel-like marine

marsipobranch (<spn>Myxine glutinosa</spn>), allied to the

lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a

single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order

Hyperotpeta. Called also <altname>hagfish</altname>,

<altname>borer</altname>, <altname>slime eel</altname>,

<altname>sucker</altname>, and

<altname>sleepmarken</altname>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hagdon or

shearwater.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An appearance of light and fire on a horse's

mane or a man's hair.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<cs><col>Hag moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a moth

(<spn>Phobetron pithecium</spn>), the larva of which has curious

side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees.</cd> -- <col>Hag's

tooth</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an ugly irregularity in the

pattern of matting or pointing.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hagged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hagging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To harass; to weary with

vexation.</def>



<q>How are superstitious men <qex>hagged</qex> out of their wits

with the fancy of omens.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<hw>Hag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot. <ets>hag</ets> to cut;

cf. E. <ets>hack</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small wood, or

part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for

felling, or which has been felled.</def>



<q>This said, he led me over hoults and <qex>hags</qex>;

Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has

been cut.</def>



<au>Dugdale.</au>



<hw>Hag"ber"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant of the genus <spn>Prunus</spn> (<spn>P.

Padus</spn>); the bird cherry.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Hag"born`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Born of a hag or

witch.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hag"but</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>haquebute</ets>, prob. a corruption of D.

<ets>haakbus</ets>; <ets>haak</ets> hook + <ets>bus gun

barrel</ets>. See <er>Hook</er>, and 2d <er>Box</er>, and cf.

<er>Arquebus</er>.]</ety> <def>A harquebus, of which the but was

bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>haguebut</asp> and

<asp>hackbuss</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hag"but*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A soldier

armed with a hagbut or arquebus.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hackbutter</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Froude.</au>



<hw>Hag"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of sea birds of

the genus <spn>Puffinus</spn>; esp., <spn>P. major</spn>, the

greater shearwarter, and <spn>P. Stricklandi</spn>, the black

hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also

<altname>hagdown</altname>, <altname>haglin</altname>, and

<altname>hag</altname>. See <er>Shearwater</er>.</def>



<hw>Hag*ga"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Haggadoth</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Rabbinic

<ets>hagg\'bedh\'be</ets>, fr. Heb. <ets>higg\'c6dh</ets> to

relate.]</ety> <def>A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud,

to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>hadaga</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hag"gard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hagard</ets>; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the

hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See <er>Hedge</er>, <er>1st

Haw</er>, and <er>-ard</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wild or

intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; <as>as, a

<ex>haggard</ex> or refractory hawk</as>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak</au></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[For <ets>hagged</ets>, fr. <ets>hag</ets> a

witch, influenced by <ets>haggard</ets> wild.]</ety> <def>Having

the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed;

having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in

appearance; <as>as, <ex>haggard</ex> features, eyes</as>.</def>



<q>Staring his eyes, and <qex>haggard</qex> was his look.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Hag"gard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Haggard</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A

young or untrained hawk or falcon.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fierce, intractable creature.</def>



<q>I have loved this proud disdainful <qex>haggard</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Haggard</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, 2.]</ety>

<def>A hag.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Garth.</au>



<hw>Hag"gard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>1st Haw</er>,

<er>Hedge</er>, and <er>Yard</er> an inclosed space.]</ety>

<def>A stackyard.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hag"gard*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a haggard

manner.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hag"ged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a hag;

lean; ugly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hag"gis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>hag</ets> to hack, chop, E. <ets>hack</ets>. Formed,

perhaps, in imitation of the F. <ets>hachis</ets> (E.

<ets>hash</ets>), fr. <ets>hacher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Scotch

pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or

lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned,

and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and

pluck.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>haggiss</asp>,

<asp>haggess</asp>, and <asp>haggies</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hag"gish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a hag;

ugly; wrinkled.</def>



<q>But on both did <qex>haggish</qex> age steal on.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hag"gish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a

hag.</def>



<hw>Hag"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Haggled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Haggling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of Scot. <ets>hag</ets>,

E. <ets>hack</ets>. See <er>Hack</er> to cut.]</ety> <def>To cut

roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an

unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; <as>as, a

boy <ex>haggles</ex> a stick of wood</as>.</def>



<q>Suffolk first died, and York, all <qex>haggled</qex> o'er,

Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hag"gle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be difficult in

bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to

higgle.</def>



<q>Royalty and science never <qex>haggled</qex> about the value

of blood.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<hw>Hag"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of

haggling.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Hag"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who forestalls a market; a middleman between

producer and dealer in London vegetable markets.</def>



<hw>Ha"gi*ar`chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sacred, holy + <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sacred

government; by holy orders of men.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

holy, and <?/ to govern.]</ety> <def>Government by a priesthood;

hierarchy.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ha`gi*og"ra*pha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc.<?/), fr. <?/ written by inspiration;

<?/ sacred, holy + <?/ to write.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The last

of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that

portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises

Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations,

Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and

Chronicles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The lives of the

saints.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*phal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, Pertaining to the

hagiographa, or to sacred writings.</def>



<hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of

the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the

saints.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?, 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same <er>Hagiographa</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha`gi*ol"a*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sacred + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>The invocation or worship of

saints.</def>



<hw>Ha`gi*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the

saints; a hagiographer.</def>



<au>Tylor.</au>



<q><qex>Hagiologists</qex> have related it without scruple.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>Ha`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sacred + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The history or description

of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the

lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints.</def>



<au>J. H. Newman.</au>



<hw>Ha"gi*o*scope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sacred + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An opening made in the

interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the

altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in architecture, a

<xex>squint</xex>.</def>



<au>Hook.</au>



<hw>Hag"-rid`den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ridden by

a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare.</def>



<au>Beattie. Cheyne.</au>



<-- p. 664 -->



<hw>Hag"seed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The offspring

of a hag.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hag"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or title of a

hag.</def>



<au>Middleton.</au>



<hw>Hag"-ta`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. 1st

<er>Hag</er>, and <er>Hig-taper</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The great woolly mullein (<spn>Verbascum

Thapsus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Hague"but</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hagbut</er>.</def>



<hw>Hah <?/</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Ha</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha-ha"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Haw-haw</er>.]</ety> <def>A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or

ditch, not visible till one is close upon it.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>haw-haw</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hai"ding*er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting of the arseniate of

lime; -- so named in honor of W. <xex>Haidinger</xex>, of

Vienna.</def>



<hw>Hai"duck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>haiduck</ets>, <ets>heiduck</ets>, fr. Hung.

<ets>hajdu</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier

in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an

attendant in German or Hungarian courts.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>hayduck</asp>, <asp>heiduc</asp>, <asp>heiduck</asp>,

and <asp>heyduk</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Haik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. <?/, fr.

<ets>h\'beik</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'beka</ets> to weave.]</ety>

<def>A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an

outer garment.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hyke</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Heyse.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hai"kal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The central

chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a Coptic church. It

contains the high altar, and is usually closed by an embroidered

curtain.</def>



<hw>Hail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hail</ets>, <ets>ha<?/el</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91gel</ets>;

akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>hagel</ets>; Icel.

<ets>hagl</ets>; cf. Gr.<?/ pebble.]</ety> <def>Small roundish

masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed

by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are

called <xex>hailstones</xex>.</def>



<q>Thunder mixed with <qex>hail</qex>,

<qex>Hail</qex> mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky.</q>

<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hail</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Halled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Halting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hailen</ets>, AS.

<ets>haqalian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pour down particles of ice,

or frozen vapors.</def>



<hw>Hail</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pour forcibly down, as

hail.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hail</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Healthy. See <er>Hale</er> (the

preferable spelling).</def>



<hw>Hail</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hailen</ets>,

<ets>heilen</ets>, Icel. <ets>heil</ets> hale, sound, used in

greeting. See <er>Hale</er> sound.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To name; to designate; to call.</def>



<q>And such a son as all men <qex>hailed</qex> me happy.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hail</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To declare, by

hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is

registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with

<xex>from</xex>; <as>as, the steamer <ex>hails</ex> from New

York</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To report as one's home or the place from whence

one comes; to come; -- with <xex>from</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>G. G. Halpine.</au>



<hw>Hail</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Hail</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>An exclamation of respectful or

reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar

greeting.</def> \'bd<xex>Hail</xex>, brave friend.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>All hail</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<col>Hail Mary</col>, <cd>a form of prayer made use of in the

Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See <er>Ave

Maria</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wish of health; a salutation;

a loud call.</def> \'bdTheir puissant <xex>hail</xex>.\'b8



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<q>The angel <qex>hail</qex> bestowed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hail"-fel`low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

intimate companion.</def>



<q><qex>Hail-fellow</qex> well met.</q>

<qau>Lyly.</qau>



<hw>Hailse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hailsen</ets>, Icel. <ets>heilsa</ets>. Cf. <er>Hall</er> to

call to.]</ety> <def>To greet; to salute.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>P. Plowman.</au>



<hw>Hail"shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Small

shot which scatter like hailstones.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hayward.</au>



<hw>Hail"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A single

particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet

of hail.</def>



<hw>Hail"storm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A storm

accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.</def>



<hw>Hai"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of hail.</def>

\'bd<xex>Haily</xex> showers.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Han</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.

<ets>h\'84gn</ets> hedge, inclosure, Dan. <ets>hegn</ets> hedge,

fence. See <er>Hedge</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose for mowing; to

set aside for grass.</def> \'bdA ground . . . <xex>hained</xex>

in.\'b8



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Hain't</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>. A contraction of <xex>have

not</xex> or <xex>has not</xex>; <as>as, I <ex>hain't</ex>, he

<ex>hain't</ex>, we <ex>hain't</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or

illiterate speech.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>han't</asp>.]</altsp><-- now ain't -->



<hw>Hair</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>her</ets>, <ets>heer</ets>, <ets>h\'91r</ets>, AS.

<ets>h<aemac/r</ets>; akin to OFries, <ets>h<emac/r</ets>, D. &

G. <ets>haar</ets>, OHG. & Icel. <ets>h<amac/r</ets>, Dan.

<ets>haar</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'86r</ets>; cf. Lith.

<ets>kasa</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The collection or mass

of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a

covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of

the body.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting,

in invertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free

and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin.</def>



<q>Then read he me how Sampson lost his <qex>hairs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>And draweth new delights with hoary <qex>hairs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hair (human or animal) used for various

purposes; <as>as, <ex>hair</ex> for stuffing cushions</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender outgrowth from

the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other

invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates

in structure, composition, and mode of growth.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one

or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or

stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow

frog lily (<spn>Nuphar</spn>).</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A spring device used in a hair-trigger

firearm.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A haircloth.</def> <mark>[Obc.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Any very small distance, or degree; a

hairbreadth.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hairs</xex> is often used adjectively or in

combination; as, <xex>hair</xex>brush or <xex>hair</xex> brush,

<xex>hair</xex> dye, <xex>hair</xex> oil, <xex>hair</xex>pin,

<xex>hair</xex> powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the

hair.</note>



<cs><col>Against the hair</col>, <cd>in a rough and disagreeable

manner; against the grain. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdYou go

<xex>against the hair<xex> of your professions.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>Hair bracket</col> <fld>(Ship

Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a molding which comes in at the back of, or

runs aft from, the figurehead.</cd> -- <col>Hair cells</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>cells with hairlike processes in the

sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Hair compass</col>, <col>Hair divider</col></mcol>,

<cd>a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means

of a screw.</cd> -- <col>Hair glove</col>, <cd>a glove of

horsehair for rubbing the skin.</cd> -- <col>Hair lace</col>,

<cd>a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head.

<au>Swift</au>.</cd> -- <col>Hair line</col>, <cd>a line made of

hair; a very slender line.</cd> -- <col>Hair moth</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth which destroys goods made of

hair, esp. <spn>Tinea biselliella</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Hair

pencil</col>, <cd>a brush or fine hair, for painting; --

generally called by the name of the hair used; <as>as, a camel's

<ex>hair pencil<ex>, a sable's <ex>hair pencil<ex>,

etc</as>.</cd> -- <col>Hair plate</col>, <cd>an iron plate

forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire.</cd> --

<col>Hair powder</col>, <cd>a white perfumed powder, as of flour

or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the

head, or on wigs.</cd> -- <col>Hair seal</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of eared

seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion.</cd> -- <col>Hair

seating</col>, <cd>haircloth for seats of chairs, etc.</cd> --

<col>Hair shirt</col>, <cd>a shirt, or a band for the loins, made

of horsehair, and worn as a penance.</cd> -- <col>Hair

sieve</col>, <cd>a strainer with a haircloth bottom.</cd> --

<col>Hair snake</col>. <cd>See <er>Gordius</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hair space</col> <fld>(Printing)</fld>, <cd>the thinnest

metal space used in lines of type.</cd> -- <col>Hair

stroke</col>, <cd>a delicate stroke in writing.</cd> -- <col>Hair

trigger</col>, <cd>a trigger so constructed as to discharge a

firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair.

<au>Farrow</au>.</cd> -- <col>Not worth a hair</col>, <cd>of no

value.</cd> -- <col>To a hair</col>, <cd>with the nicest

distinction.</cd> -- <col>To split hairs</col>, <cd>to make

distinctions of useless nicety.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hair"bell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Harebell</er>.</def>



<hw>Hair"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chipping sparrow.</def>



<hw>Hair"brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Harebrained</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Hair"breadth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hair's"breadth`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>. <def>The diameter

or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes,

definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch.</def>



<q>Every one could sling stones at an <qex>hairbreadth</qex> and

not miss.</q>

<qau>Judg. xx. 16</qau>



<hw>Hair"breadth`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the breadth of

a hair; very narrow; <as>as, a <ex>hairbreadth</ex>

escape</as>.</def>



<hw>Hair"-brown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a clear

tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of

equal proportions of red and green.</def>



<hw>Hair"brush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A brush for

cleansing and smoothing the hair.</def>



<hw>Hair"cloth`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stuff or cloth made

wholly or in part of hair.</def>



<hw>Hair"dress`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

dresses or cuts hair; a barber.</def>



<hw>Haired</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having hair.</def> \'bdA beast <xex>haired</xex> like a

bear.\'b8



<au>Purchas.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In composition: Having (such) hair; <as>as,

red-<ex>haired</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hai"ren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<?/ren</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hairy.</def> <mark>[Obc.]</mark>



<q>His <qex>hairen</qex> shirt and his ascetic diet.</q>

<qau>J. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Hair" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the <spn>Agrostis

scabra</spn>, and several species of <spn>Aira</spn> or

<spn>Deschampsia</spn>.</def>



<hw>Hair"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of abounding, or being covered, with hair.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Hair"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of hair.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hair"pin`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pin,

usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place,

-- used by women.</def>



<hw>Hair"-salt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

translation of G. <ets>haarsalz</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky

fibers.</def>



<hw>Hair"split`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one

who quibbles.</def> \'bdThe caviling <xex>hairsplitter</xex>.\'b8



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Hair"split`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making

excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning;

subtle.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or practice of

making trivial distinctions.</def></def2>



<q>The ancient <qex>hairsplitting</qex> technicalities of special

pleading.</q>

<qau>Charles Sumner.</qau>



<hw>Hair"spring`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Horology)</fld> <def>The slender recoil spring which

regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece.</def>



<hw>Hair"streak`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

butterfly of the genus <spn>Thecla</spn>; <as>as, the green

<ex>hairstreak</ex> (<spn>T. rubi</spn>).</as></def>



<hw>Hair"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of marine fishes of the

genus <spn>Trichiurus</spn>; esp., <spn>T. lepterus</spn> of

Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a

slender, pointed tail. Called also

<altname>bladefish</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hair"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

nematoid worm of the genus <spn>Gordius</spn>, resembling a hair.

See <er>Gordius</er>.</def>



<hw>Hair"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bearing or

covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair;

rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute.</def>



<q>His mantle <qex>hairy</qex>, and his bonnet sedge.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hai"ti*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Haytian</er>.</def><-- Now the preferred spelling. -->



<hw>Ha"ye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>hayya</ets> snake.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

Egyptian asp or cobra (<spn>Naja haje</spn>.) It is related to

the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of

inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is

supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra

committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called

<altname>Cleopatra's snake</altname> or <altname>asp</altname>.

See <er>Asp</er>.</def>



<hw>Hake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hatch</er> a half door.]</ety> <def>A drying shed, as for

unburned tile.</def>



<hw>Hake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Also

<asp>haak</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Akin to Norweg.

<ets>hake</ets>fisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. <ets>hake</ets>

hook, G. <ets>hecht</ets> pike. See <er>Hook</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of marine

gadoid fishes, of the genera <spn>Phycis</spn>,

<spn>Merlucius</spn>, and allies. The common European hake is

<spn>M. vulgaris</spn>; the American silver hake or whiting is

<spn>M. bilinearis</spn>. Two American species (<spn>Phycis

chuss</spn> and <spn>P. tenius</spn>) are important food fishes,

and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also

<altname>squirrel hake</altname>, and

<altname>codling</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To loiter; to

sneak.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Hake's"-dame`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Forkbeard</er>.</def>



<hw>Hak"e*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Acton</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ha*kim"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>hak\'c6m</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wise man; a physician, esp. a

Mohammedan.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ha"kim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>h\'bekim</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Mohammedan title for a ruler;

a judge.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<hw>Ha*la"cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl</plu>.

<plw>Halachoth</plw>(<?/) <ety>[Heb.

<ets>hal\'bech\'beh</ets>.]</ety> <def>The general term for the

Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition

in the Midrash. See <er>Midrash</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha-la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>An appearance as of a halo of light,

surround the edges of dark object<?/ in a photographic

picture.</def>



<hw>Hal"berd</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hallebarde</ets>; of German origin; cf. MHG.

<ets>helmbarte</ets>, G. <ets>hellebarte</ets>; prob. orig., an

ax to split a helmet, fr. G. <ets>barte</ets> a broad ax (orig.

from the same source as E. <ets>beard</ets>; cf. Icel.

<ets>bar<?/a</ets>, a kind of ax, <ets>skegg</ets> beard,

<ets>skeggia</ets> a kind of halberd) + <ets>helm</ets> helmet;

but cf. also MNG. <ets>helm</ets>, <ets>halm</ets>, handle, and

E. <ets>helve</ets>. See <er>Beard</er>, <er>Helmet</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An ancient long-handled weapon, of which

the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or

straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were

sometimes of very elaborate form.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>halbert</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hal`berd*ier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hallebardier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is armed with a

halberd.</def>



<au>Strype.</au>



<hw>Hal"berd-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hastate.</def>



<hw>Hal"cy*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>halcyon</ets>, <ets>alcyon</ets>, Gr.<?/: F.

<ets>halcyon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus

including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits,

as the sacred kingfisher (<spn>Halcyon sancta</spn>) of

Australia.</def>



<q>Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be

As <qex>halcyons</qex> brooding on a winter sea.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Hal"cy*on</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to,

or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her

eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about

the winter solstice.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed;

happy.</def> \'bdDeep, <xex>halcyon</xex> repose.\'b8



<au>De Quincy.</au>



<hw>Hal`cy*o"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Halcyon;

calm.</def>



<hw>Hal"cy*o*nold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Halcyon</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Alcyonoid</er>.</def>



<hw>Hale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Written also

<ets>heil</ets>, Icel. <ets>heill</ets>; akin to E.

<ets>whole</ets>. See <er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <def>Sound; entire;

healthy; robust; not impaired; <as>as, a <ex>hale</ex>

body</as>.</def>



<q>Last year we thought him strong and <qex>hale</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Hale</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Welfare.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All heedless of his dearest <qex>hale</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Hale</hw> <pr>(h<amac/l <or/ h<add/l; 277)</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Haled</er>

<pr>(h\'beld <or/ h<add/ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Haling</er>.]</wordforms><def> <ety>[OE. <ets>halen</ets>,

<ets>halien</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>holian</ets>, to acquire, get.

See <er>Haul</er>.]</ety> <def>To pull; to drag; to haul</def>. 

See <er>Haul</er>.



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Easier both to freight, and to <qex>hale</qex> ashore.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>As some dark priest <qex>hales</qex> the reluctant victim.</q>

<qau>Shelley.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ha*le"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of American

shrubs containing several species, called <xex>snowdrop

trees</xex>, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white

flowers, drooping on slender pedicels.</def>



<hw>Half</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>healf</ets>, <ets>half</ets>, half; as a noun, half, side,

part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. <ets>half</ets>, G.

<ets>halb</ets>, Sw. <ets>half</ets>, Dan. <ets>halv</ets>, Icel.

<ets>h\'belfr</ets>, Goth. <ets>halbs</ets>. Cf. <er>Halve</er>,

<er>Behalf</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of a moiety,

or half; <as>as, a <ex>half</ex> bushel; a <ex>half</ex> hour; a

<ex>half</ex> dollar; a <ex>half</ex> view.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The adjective and noun are often united to form a

compound.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling

a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial;

imperfect; <as>as, a <ex>half</ex> dream; <ex>half</ex>

knowledge.</as></def>



<q>Assumed from thence a <qex>half</qex> consent.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Half ape</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a lemur.</cd>

-- <col>Half back</col>. <fld>(Football)</fld> <cd>See under 2d

<er>Back</er>.</cd> -- <col>Half bent</col>, <cd>the first notch,

for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the

halfcock notch.</cd> -- <col>Half binding</col>, <cd>a style of

bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in

leather.</cd> -- <col>Half boarder</col>, <cd>one who boards in

part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes

dinner only.</cd> -- <col>Half-breadth plan</col>

<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>a horizontal plan of the half a

vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines.</cd> -- <col>Half

cadence</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a cadence on the

dominant.</cd> -- <col>Half cap</col>, <cd>a slight salute with

the cap. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>A half

cock</col>, <cd>the position of the cock of a gun when retained

by the first notch.</cd><-- half cocked: see below, halfcocked: =

unprepared, lacking forethought; -- as in go off half cocked -->

-- <col>Half hitch</col>, <cd>a sailor's knot in a rope; half of

a clove hitch.</cd> -- <col>Half hose</col>, <cd>short stockings;

socks.</cd> -- <col>Half measure</col>, <cd>an imperfect or weak

line of action.</cd> -- <col>Half note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>,

<cd>a minim, one half of a semibreve.</cd> -- <col>Half

pay</col>, <cd>half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an

officer on <xex>half pay<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Half price</col>,

<cd>half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced.</cd> --

<col>Half round</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>A

molding of semicircular section.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>Having one side flat and the other

rounded; -- said of a file.</cd> -- <col>Half shift</col>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a position of the hand, between the open

position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and

kindred instruments. See <er>Shift</er>.</cd> -- <col>Half

step</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a semitone; the smallest

difference of pitch or interval, used in music.</cd> -- <col>Half

tide</col>, <cd>the time or state of the tide equally distant

from ebb and flood.</cd> -- <col>Half time</col>, <cd>half the

ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the <xex>half-time<xex>

system.</cd> -- <col>Half tint</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>,

<cd>a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See

<er>Demitint</er>.</cd> -- <col>Half truth</col>, <cd>a statement

only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth.

<au>Mrs. Browning</au>.</cd> -- <col>Half year</col>, <cd>the

space of six moths; one term of a school when there are two terms

in a year.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 665 -->



<hw>Half</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an equal part or degree;

in some pa<?/ appro<?/mating a half; partially; imperfectly;

<as>as, <ex>half</ex>-colored, <ex>half</ex> done,

<ex>half</ex>-hearted, <ex>half</ex> persuaded, <ex>half</ex>

conscious</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Half</xex> loth and

<xex>half</xex> consenting.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>Their children spoke <qex>half</qex>in the speech of

Ashdod.</q>

<qau>Neh. xiii. 24</qau>



<hw>Half</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Halves</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>healf</ets>.

See <er>Half</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Part;

side; behalf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<q>The four <qex>halves</qex> of the house.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of two equal parts into which anything may

be divided, or considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by

<xex>of</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>half</ex> of an apple</as>.</def>



<q>Not <qex>half</qex> his riches known, and yet despised.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A friendship so complete

Portioned in <qex>halves</qex> between us.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Better half</col>. <cd>See under <er>Better</er>. --

<col>In half</col>, <cd>in two; an expression sometimes used

improperly instead of <xex>in <or/ into halves<xex>; as, to cut

<xex>in half<xex>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Dickens</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In, <or/ On</col>,

<col>one's half</col>, <cd>in one's behalf; on one's part.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To cry halves</col>, <cd>to claim an

equal share with another.</cd> -- <col>To go halves</col>, <cd>to

share equally between two.</cd></cs>



<hw>Half</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To halve.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Halve</er>.</def>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<hw>Half`-and-half"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mixture of two

malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Half"beak`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any slender, marine fish of the genus

<spn>Hemirhamphus</spn>, having the upper jaw much shorter than

the lower; -- called also <altname>balahoo</altname>.</def>



<hw>Half" blood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>The relation

between persons born of the same father or of the same mother,

but not of both; <as>as, a brother or sister of the <ex>half

blood</ex></as>. See <er>Blood</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2 and

4.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person so related to another.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person whose father and mother are of

different races; a half-breed.</def>



<note><hand/ In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a

hyphen.</note>



<hw>Half"-blood`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or

races; having only one parent of good stock; <as>as, a

<ex>half-blooded</ex> sheep</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Degenerate; mean.</def>



<hw>Half"-boot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boot with

a short top covering only the ankle. See <er>Cocker</er>, and

<xex>Congress boot</xex>, under <er>Congress</er>.</def>



<hw>Half"-bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Having

only the back and corners in leather, as a book.</def>



<hw>Half"-bred`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Half-blooded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of

good-breeding; not well trained.</def>



<au>Atterbury.</au>



<hw>Half"-breed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Half-blooded.</def>



<hw>Half"-breed`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person who is

blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially

of the American Indian and the white race.</def>



<hw>Half"-broth`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

brother by one parent, but not by both.</def>



<hw>Half"-caste`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One born

of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or

Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; <as>as,

<ex>half-caste</ex> parents</as>.</def>



<hw>Half"-clammed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Half-filled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Lions' <qex>half-clammed</qex> entrails roar food.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Half"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Halfcocked</er><pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Halfcocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set the cock of (a

firearm) at the first notch.</def>



<cs><col>To go off halfcocked</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be

discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; -- said

of a firearm.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To do or say something

without due thought or care. <mark>[Colloq. or

Low]</mark></cd></cs>

<-- now written half-cocked -->



<hw>Half"-cracked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Half-demented; half-witted.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Half"-deck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shell of the genus

<spn>Crepidula</spn>; a boat shell. See <er>Boat

shell</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <cref>Half deck</cref>, under

<er>Deck</er>.</def>



<hw>Half"-decked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partially

decked.</def>



<q>The <qex>half-decked</qex> craft . . . used by the latter

Vikings.</q>

<qau>Elton.</qau>



<hw>Half"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Half</er>.]</ety> <def>Wanting half its due qualities.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spencer.</au>



<hw>Half"en*deal`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>halfendele</ets>. See <er>Half</er>, and

<er>Deal</er>.]</ety> <def>Half; by the part.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>. -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A half part.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<qau>R. of Brunne.</qau>



<hw>Half"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who possesses or gives half only; one who shares.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A male fallow deer gelded.</def>



<au>Pegge (1814).</au>



<hw>Half"-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Showing

only part of the face; wretched looking; meager.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Half"-fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A salmon in its fifth year of

growth.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Half"-hatched`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Imperfectly hatched; <as>as, <ex>half-hatched</ex>

eggs</as>.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<hw>Half"-heard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Imperfectly or partly heard to the end.</def>



<q>And leave <qex>half-heard</qex> the melancholy tale.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Half"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm.</def>

<-- (of actions) not performed with full effort -->



<qau>H. James.</qau>



<hw>Half"-hour`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Done or

happening at intervals of half an hour.</def>



<hw>Half"-learned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Imperfectly learned.</def>



<hw>Half"-length`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of half

the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.</def>



<hw>Half"-mast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A point

some distance below the top of a mast or staff; <as>as, a flag a

<ex>half-mast</ex> (a token of mourning, etc</as>.).</def>



<hw>Half"-moon`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The moon at

the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The shape of a half-moon; a crescent.</def>



<q>See how in warlike muster they appear,

In rhombs, and wedges, and <qex>half-moons</qex>, and wings.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An outwork composed of two

faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon;

-- now called a <altname>ravelin</altname>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine, sparoid, food

fish of California (<spn>C\'91siosoma Californiense</spn>). The

body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also

<altname>medialuna</altname>.</def>



<hw>Half"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

of being half; incompleteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt

at <qex>halfness</qex>, or good for me that is not good for him,

my neighbor feels the wrong.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Half"pace`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A platform of a staircase where the stair

turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight.

See <er>Quarterpace</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ This term and <xex>quartepace</xex> are rare or

unknown in the United States, <altname>platform</altname> or

<altname>landing</altname> being used instead.</note>



<hw>Half"-pike`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A short pike, sometimes carried by

officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a

spontoon.</def>



<au>Tatler.</au>



<hw>Half"-port`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One half of a shutter made in two parts

for closing a porthole.</def>



<hw>Half"-ray`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A straight line considered as drawn from

a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete

ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both

directions.</def>



<hw>Half"-read`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Informed by

insufficient reading; superficial; shallow.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Half" seas` o`ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Half drunk.</def>

<mark>[Slang: used only predicatively.]</mark>



<au>Spectator.</au>



<hw>Half"-sight`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Seeing

imperfectly; having weak discernment.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Half"-sis`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sister

by one parent only.</def>



<hw>Half"-strained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Half-bred; imperfect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdA

<xex>half-strained</xex> villain.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Half"-sword`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Half the

length of a sword; close fight.</def> \'bdAt

<xex>half-sword</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Half"-tim`bered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Constructed of a timber frame, having the

spaces filled in with masonry; -- said of buildings.</def>



<hw>Half"-tounue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O.

Law)</fld> <def>A jury, for the trial of a fore foreigner,

composed equally of citizens and aliens.</def>



<hw>Half"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; <as>as, he

<ex>halfway</ex> yielded</as>.</def>



<q>Temples proud to meet their gods <qex>halfway</qex>.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Half"way`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Equally distant from the

extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway.</def>



<cs><col>Halfway covenant</col>, <cd>a practice among the

Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of

permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to

enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking

of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their

children for baptism.</cd> -- <col>Halfway house</col>, <cd>an

inn or place of call midway on a journey.</cd></cs>



<hw>Half"-wit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A foolish; a

dolt; a blockhead; a dunce.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Half"-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Weak in

intellect; silly.</def>



<hw>Half"-year`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Two in a

year; semiannual. -- <xex>adv</xex>. Twice in a year;

semiannually.</def>



<hw>Hal"i*but</hw> <pr>(?;277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hali</ets> holy + <ets>but</ets>, <ets>butte</ets>,

flounder; akin to D. <ets>bot</ets>, G. <ets>butte</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>heilbot</ets>, G. <ets>heilbutt</ets>. So named as being

eaten on holidays. See <er>Holy</er>, <er>Holiday</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, northern, marine flatfish

(<spn>Hippoglossus vulgaris</spn>), of the family

<spn>Pleuronectid\'91</spn>. It often grows very large, weighing

more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food

fish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>holibut</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Hal`i*chon"dri*\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, sea + <?/ cartilage.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of sponges, having simple

siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also

<altname>Keratosilicoidea</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hal"i*core</hw> <pr>(?; L.?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ sea + <?/ maiden.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Dugong</er>.</def>



<hw>Hal"i*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'beligd<?/m</ets> holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics;

<ets>h\'belig</ets> holy + <ets>-d<?/m</ets>, E. <ets>-dom</ets>.

See <er>Holy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Holiness; sanctity;

sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used chiefly in

oaths.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>So God me help and <qex>halidom</qex>.</q>

<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>



<q>By my <qex>halidom</qex>, I was fast asleep.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Holy doom; the Last Day.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<qau>Shipley.</qau>



<hw>Hal`i*eu"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>halieuticus</ets> pertaining to fishing, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<def>A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing;

ichthyology.</def>



<hw>Hal"mas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hallowmas</er>.]</ety> <def>The feast of All Saints;

Hallowmas.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ha`li*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who writes about or describes the sea.</def>



<hw>Ha`li*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ the sea + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Description of the

sea; the science that treats of the sea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ha`li*o"tis</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sea + <?/, <?/, ear.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine shells; the

ear-shells. See <er>Abalone</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha"li*o*toid`</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Haliots</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus

<spn>Haliotis</spn>; ear-shaped.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hal`i*sau"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/, <?/, sea + <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The Enaliosauria.</def>



<hw>Ha"lite</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

salt.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native salt; sodium

chloride.</def>



<hw>Ha*lit"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>halitus</ets> breath, vapor, fr. <ets>halare</ets> to

breathe: cf. F. <ets>halitueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Produced by, or

like, breath; vaporous.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Halk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nook; a

corner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>halle</ets>, <ets>hal</ets>, AS. <ets>heal</ets>,

<ets>heall</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hal</ets>, OS. & OHG.

<ets>halla</ets>, G. <ets>halle</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'94lt</ets>,

and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See

<er>Hell</er>, <er>Helmet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for

public purposes; <as>as, Westminster <ex>Hall</ex>, in

London</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chief room in a castle or manor

house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the

place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and

servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted

with the <xex>bower</xex>, which was the private or sleeping

apartment.</def>



<q>Full sooty was her bower and eke her <qex>hall</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall:

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more

elaborated buildings of later times.</def> Hence: <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>Any corridor or passage in a building</def>.



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A name given to many manor houses because the

magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief

mansion house.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A college in an English university (at Oxford,

an unendowed college).</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The apartment in which English university

students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; <as>as,

<ex>hall</ex> is at six o'clock</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an

exclamation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>hall</xex>! a

<xex>hall</xex>!\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See <er>Vestibule</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hall"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O. Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a

hall.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hal`le*lu"iah</hw>, <hw>Hal`le*lu"jah</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & interj.</pos> <ety>[Heb. See

<er>Alleluia</er>.]</ety> <def>Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the

Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or

thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or

adoration.</def>



<au>Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. ) </au>



<q>So sung they, and the empyrean rung

With <qex>Hallelujahs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,\'bdany one as he walked

in the fields, might hear the plowman at his

<qex>hallelujahs</qex>.\'b8</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<hw>Hal`le*lu*jat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hal"liard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Halyard</er>.</def>



<hw>Hal"li*dome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Halidom</er>.</def>



<hw>Hal"li*er</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hale</er> to pull.]</ety> <def>A kind of net for catching

birds.</def>



<hw>Hall"-mark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay

offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles,

attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as, a word or

phrase lacks the <xex>hall-mark</xex> of the best writers.</def>



<hw>Hal*loa"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Halloo</er>.</def>



<hw>Hal*loo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr.

<ets>ah + lo</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>eal\'be</ets>, G.

<ets>halloh</ets>, F. <ets>haler</ets> to set (a dog) on. Cf.

<er>Hollo</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>A loud

exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or

an animal; a shout.</def>



<q>List! List! I hear

Some far off <qex>halloo</qex> break the silent air.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hal*loo"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hallooed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Halloing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cry out; to

exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word

<xex>halloo</xex>.</def>



<q>Country folks <qex>hallooed</qex> and hooted after me.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Hal*loo"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To encourage

with shouts.</def>



<q>Old John <qex>hallooes</qex> his hounds again.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To chase with shouts or outcries.</def>



<q>If I fly . . . <qex>Halloo</qex> me like a hare.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To call or shout to; to hail.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hal*loo"</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>halow</ets>.

See <er>Halloo</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>An exclamation to

call attention or to encourage one.</def>



<hw>Hal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Hallowed</er><pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hallowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>halowen</ets>,

<ets>halwien</ets>, <ets>halgien</ets>, AS.

<ets>h\'belgian</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'belig</ets> holy. See

<er>Holy</er>.]</ety> <def>To make holy; to set apart for holy or

religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to

reverence.</def> \'bd<xex>Hallowed</xex> be thy name.\'b8



<au>Matt. vi. 9.</au>



<q><qex>Hallow</qex> the Sabbath day, to do no work therein.</q>

<qau>Jer. xvii. 24.</qau>



<q>His secret altar touched with <qex>hallowed</qex> fire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>In a larger sense . . . we can not <qex>hallow</qex> this

ground [Gettysburg].</q>

<qau>A. Lincoln.</qau>



<hw>Hal`low*een"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark><-- October 31 -->



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Hal"low*mas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Mass</er> the eucharist.]</ety> <def>The feast of All Saints,

or Allhallows.</def>



<q>To speak puling, like a beggar at <qex>Hallowmas</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hal*loy"site</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after Omalius d'<ets>Halloy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous

masses, of a whitish color.</def>



<hw>Hal"lu*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the hallux.</def>



<hw>Hal*lu"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hallucinatus</ets>, <ets>alucinatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>hallucinari</ets>, <ets>alucinari</ets>, to wander in mind,

talk idly, dream.]</ety> <def>To wander; to go astray; to err; to

blunder; -- used of mental processes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Hal*lu`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hallucinatio<?/</ets> cf. F.

<ets>hallucination</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a

blunder.</def>



<q>This must have been the <qex>hallucination</qex> of the

transcriber.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<-- p. 666 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The perception of objects

which have no reality, or of sensations which have no

corresponding external cause, arising from disorder or the

nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion.</def>



<q><qex>Hallucinations</qex> are always evidence of cerebral

derangement and are common phenomena of insanity.</q>

<qau>W. A. Hammond.</qau>



<hw>Hal*lu"ci*na`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One whose judgment and acts are affected by

hallucinations; one who errs on account of his

hallucinations.</def>



<au>N. Brit. Rev.</au>



<hw>Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hal"lux</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

L. <ets>hallex</ets>, <ets>allex</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb,

corresponding to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the

hind toe of birds.</def>



<hw>Halm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Haulm</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hal"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to leap.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Antiq.)</fld>

<def>The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most

important of the exercises of the Pentathlon.</def>



<hw>Ha"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Halos</plw>(<?/)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>halos</ets>, acc.

<ets>halo</ets>, Gr. <?/ a thrashing floor, also (from its round

shape) the disk of the sun or moon, and later a halo round it;

cf. Gr. <?/ to enfold, <?/ to roll round, L. <ets>volvere</ets>,

and E. <ets>voluble</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A luminous

circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and

supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals

of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often

white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same

atmospheric conditions.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A circle of light; especially, the bright ring

represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and

other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's

perception of, an object.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A colored circle around a nipple; an

areola.</def>



<hw>Ha"lo</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Haloed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Haloing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form, or surround with, a

halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo.</def>



<q>The fire

That <qex>haloed</qex> round his saintly brow.</q>

<qau>Sothey.</qau>



<hw>Ha"loed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Surrounded with

a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified.</def>



<q>Some <qex>haloed</qex> face bending over me.</q>

<qau>C. Bront\'82.</qau>



<hw>Hal"o*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf.

F. <ets>halog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An

electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a

metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and

iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See

<cref>Chlorine family</cref>, under <er>Chlorine</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha*log"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

nature of a halogen.</def>



<hw>Ha"loid</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk> salt + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf.

F. <ets>cal<?/<?/de</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds

consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical,

and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and

sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A haloid substance.</def></def2>



<hw>Hal"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alomancy</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha*lom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt +

<ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the

forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ha*lo"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a halo.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are

seen outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg

of the hen and other birds.</def>



<hw>Hal"o*phyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <?/ a plant.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant found growing in salt marshes, or

in the sea.</def>



<hw>Ha"lo*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Halo</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of

halos, parhelia, and the like.</def>



<hw>Hal*o*tri"chite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"a`ls</grk> sea + <grk>fri`x</grk>, <grk>tricho`s</grk>,

hair.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An iron alum occurring in

silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color.</def>



<hw>Ha*lox"y*line</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>,

<grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <grk>xy`lon</grk> wood.]</ety> <def>An

explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and

ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for

gunpowder.</def>



<hw>Halp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <mord>of

<er>Help</er></mord>. <def>Helped.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hal"pace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Haut pas</er>.</def>



<hw>Hals</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>heals</ets>; akin to D., G., & Goth. <ets>hals</ets>. See

<er>Collar</er>.]</ety> <def>The neck or throat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Do me hangen by the <qex>hals</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Halse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>healsian</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To embrace about the

neck; to salute; to greet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Each other kissed glad

And lovely <qex>halst</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adjure; to beseech; to entreat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>O dere child, I <qex>halse</qex> thee,

In virtue of the Holy Trinity.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Halse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Halsed</er> <pr>(h?lst)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Halsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Hawser</er>.]</ety> <def>To haul; to hoist.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hal"sen*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sounding

harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Carew.</au>



<hw>Hals"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hawser</er>.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Halt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>3d pers. sing. pres.</pos>

of <er>Hold</er>, contraction for <xex>holdeth</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Halt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly

<ets>alt</ets>, It. <ets>alto</ets>, G. <ets>halt</ets>, fr.

<ets>halten</ets> to hold. See <er>Hold</er>.]</ety> <def>A stop

in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of

progress.</def>



<q>Without any <qex>halt</qex> they marched.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<q>[Lovers] soon in passion's war contest,

Yet in their march soon make a <qex>halt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Davenant.</qau>



<hw>Halt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Halted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Halting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hold one's

self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for

a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand

still.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to

do; to h<?/sitate; to be uncertain.</def>



<q>How long <qex>halt</qex> ye between two opinions?</q>

<qau>1 Kings xviii. 21</qau>



<hw>Halt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>To cause to cease marching; to stop; <as>as, the general

<ex>halted</ex> his troops for refreshment</as>.</def>



<hw>Halt</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>healt</ets>; akin to

OS., Dan., & Sw. <ets>halt</ets>, Icel. <ets>haltr</ets>,

<ets>halltr</ets>, Goth. <ets>halts</ets>, OHG.

<ets>halz</ets>.]</ety> <def>Halting or stopping in walking;

lame.</def>



<q>Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the

<qex>halt</qex>, and the blind.</q>

<qau>Luke xiv. 21. </qau>



<hw>Halt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of limping;

lameness.</def>



<hw>Halt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>halten</ets>, AS.

<ets>healtian</ets>. See <er>Halt</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To walk lamely; to limp.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have an irregular rhythm; to be

defective.</def>



<q>The blank verse shall <qex>halt</qex> for it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Halt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who halts

or limps<?/ a cripple.</def>



<hw>Hal"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>halter</ets>, <ets>helter</ets>, <ets>helfter</ets>, AS.

<ets>h\'91lftre</ets>; akin to G. <ets>halfter</ets>, D.

<ets>halfter</ets>, <ets>halster</ets>, and also to E.

<ets>helve</ets>. See <er>Helve</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong strap

or cord. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> A rope or strap, with or

without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. <sd>(b)</sd> A

rope for hanging malefactors; a noose.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>No man e'er felt the <qex>halter</qex> draw

With good opinion of the law.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<hw>Hal"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Haltered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Haltering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tie by the neck

with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to

a hangman's halter.</def> \'bdA <xex>haltered</xex> neck.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hal*te"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ weights used in jumping, fr. <?/ to

leap.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Balancers; the

rudimentary hind wings of Diptera.</def>



<hw>Hal"ter-sack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A term of

reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Beau. & Fl.</au></def>



<hw>Halt"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

halting or limping manner.</def>



<hw>Hal"vans</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Impure ore; dirty ore.</def>



<hw>Hal"ve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A half.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Halve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Halved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Halving</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[From <er>Half</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To divide into

two equal parts; <as>as, to <ex>halve</ex> an apple</as>; to be

or form half of.</def>



<q>So far apart their lives are thrown

From the twin soul that <qex>halves</qex> their own.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To join, as two pieces of

timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the

joining place, and fitting together.</def>



<hw>Halved</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Appearing as if

one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate.</def>



<hw>Halves</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def><pos>pl.</pos>

of <er>Half</er>.</def>



<cs><col>By halves</col>, <cd>by one half at once; halfway;

fragmentarily; partially; incompletely.</cd></cs>



<q>I can not believe by <qex>halves</qex>; either I have faith,

or I have it not.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<cs><col>To go halves</col>. <cd>See under <er>Go</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hal"we</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., fr. AS.

<ets>h\'belga</ets>. See <er>Holy</er>.]</ety> <def>A

saint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Hal'yard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hale</ets>, <pos>v. t.</pos> + <ets>yard</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering

yards, sails, flags, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>halliard</asp>, <asp>haulyard</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Hal`y*si"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a chain.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of

Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See <cref>Chain

coral</cref>, under <er>Chain</er>.</def>



<hw>Ham</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Home.</def>

<mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ham</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ham</ets>; akin to D. <ets>ham</ets>, dial. G.

<ets>hamme</ets>, OHG. <ets>hamma</ets>. Perh. named from the

bend at the ham, and akin to E. <ets>chamber</ets>. Cf.

<er>Gammon</er> ham.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The region back of the knee

joint; the popliteal space; the hock.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh

of a hog cured by salting and smoking.</def>



<q>A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak

<qex>ham</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ham"a*dry`ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Hamadryads</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Hamadryades</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>Hamadryas</ets>,

<ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ together + <?/ oak, tree: cf. F.

<ets>hamadryade</ets>. See <er>Same</er>, and

<er>Tree</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A tree nymph whose

life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak,

which had been her abode.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large venomous East

Indian snake (<spn>Orhiophagus bungarus</spn>), allied to the

cobras.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ha*ma"dry*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

hamadryad. See <er>Hamadryad</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The sacred baboon of Egypt (<spn>Cynocephalus

Hamadryas</spn>).</def>



<hw>Ham`a*me"lis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ a kind of medlar or service tree; <?/ at the same time +

<?/ an apple, any tree fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (<spn>Hamamelis

Virginica</spn>), a preparation of which is used

medicinally.</def>



<hw>Ha"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hamatus</ets>, fr. <ets>hamus</ets> hook.]</ety>

<def>Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous.</def>



<hw>Ha"ma*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hooked, or

set with hooks; hamate.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ha*ma"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

L. <ets>hamatus</ets> hooked.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Unciform</er>.</def>



<hw>Ham"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hamelen</ets> to mutilate, AS. <ets>hamelian</ets>; akin to

OHG. <ets>hamal<?/n</ets> to mutilate, <ets>hamal</ets>

mutilated, <ets>ham</ets> mutilated, Icel. <ets>hamla</ets> to

mutilate. Cf.<er>Ham<?/er</er> to fetter.]</ety> <def>To

hamstring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ham"burg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A commercial

city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe.</def>



<cs><col>Black Hamburg grape</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hamburg <?/dging</col>, <cd>a kind

of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; --

used for trimming.</cd> -- <col>Hamburg lake</col>, <cd>a

purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Home.</def>

<mark>[Scot. & O. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Hame</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot. <ets>haims</ets>,

<ets>hammys</ets>, <ets>hems</ets>, OE. <ets>ham</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>haam</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the two curved pieces of wood

or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces

are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads

fitting the horse's neck attached to them.</def>



<hw>Ham"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Same as <er>Hamele</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hame"seck`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hame"suck`en</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'bems<?/cn</ets>. See <er>Home</er>, and

<er>Seek</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The felonious

seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Ha"mi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hamus</ets> hook + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Hook-shaped.</def>



<hw>Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; -- so named

from <xex>Hamilton</xex>, Madison Co., New York. It includes the

Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart

of <er>Geology</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ham`i*nu"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large edible river fish

(<spn>Erythrinus macrodon</spn>) of Guiana.</def>



<hw>Ha"mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>hamus</ets> hook.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil

cephalopod of the genus <spn>Hamites</spn>, related to the

ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike

form.</def>



<hw>Ham"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A descendant of

Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6-20.</def>



<hw>Ha*it"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

Ham or his descendants.</def>



<cs><col>Hamitic languages</col>, <cd>the group of languages

spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Som<acir/li Land,

and supposed to be allied to the Semitic.</cd></cs>



<au>Keith Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ham"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OWE.

<ets>hamelet</ets>, OF. <ets>hamelet</ets>, dim. of

<ets>hamel</ets>, F. <ets>hameau</ets>, LL. <ets>hamellum</ets>,

a dim. of German origin; cf. G. <ets>heim</ets> home. <root/220.

See <er>Home</er>.]</ety> <def>A small village; a little cluster

of houses in the country.</def>



<q>The country wasted, and the <qex>hamlets</qex> burned.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See <er>Village</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ham"let*ed</hw>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Confined to a

hamlet.</def>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Ham"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hamer</ets>, AS. <ets>hamer</ets>, <ets>hamor</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>hamer</ets>, G. & Dan. <ets>hammer</ets>, Sw.

<ets>hammare</ets>, Icel. <ets>hamarr</ets>, hammer, crag, and

perh. to Gr. <?/ anvil, Skr. <ets>a<?/man</ets> stone.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument for driving nails, beating metals,

and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron,

fixed crosswise to a handle.</def>



<q>With busy <qex>hammers</qex> closing rivets up.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something which in firm or action resembles the

common hammer</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a clock

which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the

wires, to produce the tones</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The malleus</def>. See under

<er>Ear</er>. <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>That part of a gunlock which

strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly,

however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket

and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming</def>.

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>Also, a person of thing that smites or

shatters; <as>as, St. Augustine was the <ex>hammer</ex> of

heresies.</as></def>



<q>He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the

\'bdmassive iron <qex>hammers</qex>\'b8 of the whole earth.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<cs><col>Atmospheric hammer</col>, <cd>a dead-stroke hammer in

which the spring is formed by confined air.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Drop hammer</col>, <col>Face hammer</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc. See under <er>Drop</er>, <er>Face</er>, etc.</cd> --

<col>Hammer fish</col>. <cd>See <er>Hammerhead</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hammer hardening</col>, <cd>the process of hardening metal

by hammering it when cold.</cd> -- <col>Hammer shell</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of <spn>Malleus</spn>, a

genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters,

having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a

hammer-shaped outline; -- called also <altname>hammer

oyster</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To bring to the hammer</col>,

<cd>to put up at auction.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ham"mer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hammered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hammering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; <as>as, to

<ex>hammer</ex> iron</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by

beating.</def> \'bd<xex>Hammered</xex> money.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To form in the mind; to shape by hard

intellectual labor; -- usually with <xex>out</xex>.</def>



<q>Who was <qex>hammering</qex> out a penny dialogue.</q>

<qau>Jeffry.</qau>



<hw>Ham"mer</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be busy

forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a

hammer.</def>



<q>Whereon this month I have <qex>hammering</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike repeated blows, literally or

figuratively.</def>



<q>Blood and revenge are <qex>hammering</qex> in my head.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ham"mer*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being formed or shaped by a hammer.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Ham"mer-b<?/<?/m`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Cothic Arch.)</fld> <def>A member of one description of

roof truss, called <xex>hammer-beam truss</xex>, which is so

framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each

principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and

to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam.</def>



<hw>Ham"mer*cloth`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Prob. fr. D. <ets>hemel</ets> heaven, canopy, tester (akin

to G. <ets>himmel</ets>, and perh. also to E. <ets>heaven</ets>)

+ E. <ets>cloth</ets>; or perh. a corruption of <ets>hamper

cloth</ets>.]</ety> <def>The cloth which covers a coach

box.</def>



<hw>Ham"mer-dressed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's

hammer; -- said of building stone.</def>



<hw>Ham"mer*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

works with a hammer.</def>



<hw>Ham"mer-hard`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state.</def>



<hw>Ham"mer*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shark of the genus

<spn>Sphyrna</spn> or <spn>Zyg\'91na</spn>, having the eyes set

on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a

hammer shape. The <spn>Sphyrna zyg\'91na</spn> is found in the

North Atlantic. Called also <altname>hammer fish</altname>, and

<altname>balance fish</altname>.</def>



<-- p. 667 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water fish; the

stone-roller.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African fruit bat

(<spn>Hypsignathus monstrosus</spn>); -- so called from its large

blunt nozzle.</def>



<hw>Ham"mer*kop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the Heron family; the

umber.</def>



<hw>Ham"mer-less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Firearms)</fld>

<def>Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun having a cock or

striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental

touch.</def>



<hw>Ham"mer*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hammermen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A hammerer; a

forgeman.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ham`mo*chry"sos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, sand + <grk>chryso`s</grk>

gold.]</ety> <def>A stone with spangles of gold color in

it.</def>



<hw>Ham"mock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A word of

Indian origin: cf. Sp. <ets>hamaca</ets>. Columbus, in the

Narrative of his first voyage, says: \'bdA great many Indians in

canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their

cotton, and <ets>hamacas</ets>, or nets, in which they

sleep.\'b8]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A swinging couch or bed,

usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended

by clews or cords at the ends.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually

covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; <as>as,

<ex>hammock</ex> land</as>.</def> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<cs><col>Hammock nettings</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>formerly,

nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a

trough on the rail, used for that purpose.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ha*mose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ha"mous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw><ety>[L. <ets>hamus</ets> hook.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the end hooked or curved.</def>



<hw>Ham"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr.

<ets>hanaper</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large basket, usually with a

cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; <as>as, a

<ex>hamper</ex> of wine; a clothes <ex>hamper</ex>; an oyster

<ex>hamper</ex>, which contains two bushels.</as></def>



<hw>Ham"per</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hampered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hampering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in a

hamper.</def>



<hw>Ham"per</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hamperen</ets>,

<ets>hampren</ets>, prob. of the same origin as E.

<ets>hamble</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put a hamper or fetter on; to

shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or

progress; to embarrass; to encumber.</def>

\'bd<xex>Hampered</xex> nerves.\'b8



<au>Blackmore.</au>



<q>A lion <qex>hampered</qex> in a net.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q>They <qex>hamper</qex> and entangle our souls.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<hw>Ham"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Hamper</er> to

shackle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A shackle; a fetter; anything

which impedes.</def>



<au>W. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Articles ordinarily

indispensable, but in the way at certain times.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<cs><col>Top hamper</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>unnecessary

spars and rigging kept aloft.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ham"shac`kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ham</ets> + <ets>shackle</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fasten

(an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs;

<as>as, to <ex>hamshackle</ex> a horse or cow</as>; hence, to

bind or restrain; to curb.</def>



<hw>Ham"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>hamster</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

European rodent (<spn>Cricetus frumentarius</spn>). It is

remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the

skin, and for its migrations.</def><-- often kept as a pet -->



<hw>Ham"string`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the great tendons situated in each

side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with

the muscles of the back of the thigh.</def>



<hw>Ham"string`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hamstrung</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hamstringing</er>. See <er>String</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to

hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable.</def>



<q>So have they <qex>hamstrung</qex> the valor of the subject by

seeking to effeminate us all at home.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ham"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hooked;

hooklike; hamate; <as>as, the <ex>hamular</ex> process of the

sphenoid bone</as>.</def>



<hw>Ham"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with a small hook; hook-shaped.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ham"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hamulus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little hook.</def>



<hw>Ham"u*lose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hamulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>hamus</ets> a hook.]</ety>

<def>Bearing a small hook at the end.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ham"u*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hamuli</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a little

hook.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A hook, or

hooklike process.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hooked barbicel of a

feather.</def>



<hw>Han</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>contr. <pos>inf. & plural

pres.</pos> of <er>Haven</er>.</ety> <def>To have; have.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<q>Him thanken all, and thus they <qex>han</qex> an end.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Han"ap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hanap</ets>. See <er>Hanaper</er>.]</ety> <def>A rich

goblet, esp. one used on state occasions.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Han"a*per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>hanaperium</ets> a large vase, fr. <ets>hanaus</ets> vase,

bowl, cup (whence F. <ets>hanap</ets>); of German origin; cf.

ONG. <ets>hnapf</ets>, G. <ets>napf</ets>, akin to AS.

<ets>hn\'91p</ets> cup, bowl. Cf. <er>Hamper</er>,

<er>Nappy</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A kind of basket,

usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying

of articles; a hamper.</def>



<cs><col>Hanaper office</col>, <cd>an office of the English court

of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the

public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper

or hamper.</cd></cs>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Hance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Enhance</er>.]</ety> <def>To raise; to elevate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Lydgate.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hanch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw><ety>[See <er>Hanse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hanse</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A sudden fall or break, as

the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway.</def>



<hw>Hand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hand</ets>, <ets>hond</ets>; akin to D., G., & Sw.

<ets>hand</ets>, OHG. <ets>hant</ets>, Dan. <ets>haand</ets>,

Icel. <ets>h\'94nd</ets>, Goth. <ets>handus</ets>, and perh. to

Goth. <ets>hinpan</ets> to seize (in comp.). Cf.

<er>Hunt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That part of the fore limb

below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the

corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See

<er>Manus</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which resembles, or to some extent performs

the office of, a human hand</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A limb

of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four

extremities of a monkey</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An index or

pointer on a dial; <as>as, the hour or minute <ex>hand</ex> of a

clock</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four

inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of

horses.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Side; part; direction, either right or

left.</def>



<q>On this <qex>hand</qex> and that <qex>hand</qex>, were

hangings.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxxviii. 15.</qau>



<q>The Protestants were then on the winning <qex>hand</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Power of performance; means of execution;

ability; skill; dexterity.</def>



<q>He had a great mind to try his <qex>hand</qex> at a

Spectator.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship;

agency; hence, manner of performance.</def>



<q>To change the <qex>hand</qex> in carrying on the war.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<q>Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my

<qex>hand</qex>.</q>

<qau>Judges vi. 36.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman,

trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer

more or less skillful; <as>as, a deck <ex>hand</ex>; a farm

<ex>hand</ex>; an old <ex>hand</ex> at speaking.</as></def>



<q>A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many

<qex>hands</qex>, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped

for.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>I was always reckoned a lively <qex>hand</qex> at a

simile.</q>

<qau>Hazlitt.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Handwriting; style of penmanship; <as>as, a

good, bad or running <ex>hand</ex></as>. Hence, a

signature.</def>



<q>I say she never did invent this letter;

This is a man's invention and his <qex>hand</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Some writs require a judge's <qex>hand</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burril.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Personal possession; ownership; hence, control;

direction; management; -- usually in the plural.</def>

\'bdReceiving in <xex>hand</xex> one year's tribute.\'b8



<au>Knolles.</au>



<q>Albinus . . . found means to keep in his <qex>hands</qex> the

goverment of Britain.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Agency in transmission from one person to

another; <as>as, to buy at first <ex>hand</ex>, that is, from the

producer, or when new; at second <ex>hand</ex>, that is, when no

longer in the producer's hand, or when not new</as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Rate; price.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdBusiness is bought at a dear <xex>hand</xex>, where there is

small dispatch.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>That which is, or may be, held in a hand at

once</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The

quota of cards received from the dealer</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Tobacco Manuf.)</fld> <def>A bundle of tobacco leaves tied

together.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>The small part of a

gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking

aim.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hand</xex> is used figuratively for a large

variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of

which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a

symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as:

<sd>(a)</sd> Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from

the <xex>head</xex>, which implies thought, and the

<xex>heart</xex>, which implies affection. \'bdHis

<xex>hand</xex> will be against every man.\'b8 <au>Gen. xvi.

12.</au><sd>(b)</sd> Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the

Scriptures. \'bdWith a mighty <xex>hand</xex> . . . will I rule

over you.\'b8 <au>Ezek. xx. 33.</au><sd>(c)</sd> <au>Fraternal

feeling; as, to give, or take, the <xex>hand</xex>; to give the

right <xex>hand</xex>. <sd>(d)</sd> Contract; -- commonly of

marriage; as, to ask the <xex>hand</xex>; to pledge the

<xex>hand</xex>.</note>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hand</xex> is often used adjectively or in

compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying <xex>performed

by the hand</xex>; as, <xex>hand</xex> blow or

<xex>hand</xex>-blow, <xex>hand</xex> gripe or

<xex>hand</xex>-gripe: <xex>used by</xex>, or <xex>designed

for</xex>, <xex>the hand</xex>; as, <xex>hand</xex> ball or

<xex>hand</xex>ball, <xex>hand</xex> bow, <xex>hand</xex> fetter,

<xex>hand</xex> grenade or <xex>hand</xex>-grenade,

<xex>hand</xex>gun or <xex>hand</xex> gun, <xex>hand</xex>loom or

<xex>hand</xex> loom, <xex>hand</xex>mill or <xex>hand</xex>

organ or <xex>hand</xex>organ, <xex>hand</xex>saw or

<xex>hand</xex> saw, <xex>hand</xex>-weapon: <xex>measured</xex>

or <xex>regulated by the hand</xex>; as, <xex>hand</xex>breadth

or <xex>hand's</xex> breadth, <xex>hand</xex> gallop or

<xex>hand</xex>-gallop. Most of the words in the following

paragraph are written either as two words or in

combination.</note>



<cs><col>Hand bag</col>, <cd>a satchel; a small bag for carrying

books, papers, parcels, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hand basket</col>,

<cd>a small or portable basket.</cd> -- <col>Hand bell</col>,

<cd>a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell.

<au>Bacon</au>.</cd> -- <col>Hand bill</col>, <cd>a small pruning

hook. See 4th <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand car</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Car</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand director</col>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument to aid in forming a good

position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand

guide.</cd> -- <col>Hand drop</col>. <cd>See <er>Wrist

drop</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand gallop</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Gallop</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand gear</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>,

<cd>apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine,

usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand.</cd> --

<col>Hand glass</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A glass or small glazed

frame, for the protection of plants.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

small mirror with a handle.</cd> -- <col>Hand guide</col>.

<cd>Same as <xex>Hand director<xex> (above).</cd> -- <col>Hand

language</col>, <cd>the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as

practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology.</cd> -- <col>Hand

lathe</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lathe</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand

money</col>, <cd>money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest

money.</cd> -- <col>Hand organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a

barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand.</cd> --

<col>Hand plant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <xex>Hand

tree<xex> (below). -- <er>Hand rail</er>, a rail, as in

staircases, to hold by. <au>Gwilt</au>.</cd> -- <col>Hand

sail</col>, <cd>a sail managed by the hand. <au>Sir W.

Temple</au>.</cd> -- <col>Hand screen</col>, <cd>a small screen

to be held in the hand.</cd> -- <col>Hand screw</col>, <cd>a

small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights;

<fld>(Carp.)</fld> a screw clamp.</cd> -- <col>Hand

staff</col><cd> (<plu>pl. <plw>Hand staves<plw></plu>), <cd>a

javelin. <au>Ezek. xxxix. 9.</au></cd> -- <col>Hand stamp</col>,

<cd>a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers,

envelopes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hand tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a lofty tree found in Mexico (<spn>Cheirostemon

platanoides</spn>), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the

form of a hand.</cd> -- <col>Hand vise</col>, <cd>a small vise

held in the hand in doing small work. <au>Moxon</au>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Hand work</col>, <or/ <col>Handwork</col></mcol>,

<cd>work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by

a machine; handiwork.</cd>  -- <col>All hands</col>,

<cd>everybody; all parties.</cd> -- <mcol><col>At all

hands</col>, <col>On all hands</col></mcol>, <cd>on all sides;

from every direction; generally.</cd> -- <mcol><col>At any

hand</col>, <col>At no hand</col></mcol>, <cd>in any (or no) way

or direction; on any account; on no account. \'bdAnd therefore

<xex>at no hand<xex> consisting with the safety and interests of

humility.\'b8 <au>Jer. Taylor</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>At first

hand</col>, <col>At second hand</col></mcol>. <cd>See def. 10

(above).</cd> -- <col>At hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Near in

time or place; either present and within reach, or not far

distant. \'bdYour husband is <xex>at hand<xex>; I hear his

trumpet.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Under the hand

or bridle. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHorses hot <xex>at

hand<xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>At the hand of</col>,

<cd>by the act of; as a gift from. \'bdShall we receive good

<xex>at the hand of<xex> God and shall we not receive evil?\'b8

<au>Job ii. 10.</au></cd> -- <col>Bridle hand</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Bridle</er>.</cd> -- <col>By hand</col>, <cd>with the

hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or

animals; as, to weed a garden <xex>by hand<xex>; to lift, draw,

or carry <xex>by hand<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Clean hands</col>,

<cd>freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in

money matters, or of bribe taking. \'bdHe that hath <xex>clean

hands<xex> shall be stronger and stronger.\'b8 <au>Job xvii.

9.</au></cd> -- <col>From hand to hand</col>, <cd>from one person

to another.</cd> -- <col>Hand in hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In

union; conjointly; unitedly. <au>Swift</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>Just; fair; equitable.</cd>



<q>As fair and as good, a kind of <qex>hand in hand</qex>

comparison.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



-- <mcol><col>Hand over hand</col>, <col>Hand over

fist</col></mcol>, <cd>by passing the hands alternately one

before or above another; as, to climb <xex>hand over hand</xex>;

also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase <xex>hand over

hand</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Hand over head</col>, <cd>negligently;

rashly; without seeing what one does. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon</au>.</cd> -- <col>Hand running</col>,

<cd>consecutively; as, he won ten times <xex>hand

running</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Hand off!</col> <cd>keep off!

forbear! no interference or meddling!</cd> -- <col>Hand to

hand</col>, <cd>in close union; in close fight; as, a <xex>hand

to hand</xex> contest. <au>Dryden</au>.</cd> -- <col>Heavy

hand</col>, <cd>severity or oppression.</cd> -- <col>In

hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Paid down. \'bdA considerable reward

<xex>in hand</xex>, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter.\'b8

<au>Tillotson</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In preparation; taking

place.</cd> <au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdRevels . . . in

<xex>hand</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Under

consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the

business <xex>in hand</xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In one's

hand</col> <or/ <col>hands</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In

one's possession or keeping.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>At one's risk,

or peril; as, I took my life <xex>in my hand</xex>.</cd> --

<col>Laying on of hands</col>, <cd>a form used in consecrating to

office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing

persons.</cd> -- <col>Light hand</col>, <cd>gentleness;

moderation.</cd> -- <col>Note of hand</col>, <cd>a promissory

note.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Off hand</col>, <col>Out of

hand</col></mcol>, <cd>forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or

difficulty; promptly. \'bdShe causeth them to be hanged up

<xex>out of hand</xex>.\'b8 <au>Spenser</au>.</cd> -- <col>Off

one's hands</col>, <cd>out of one's possession or care.</cd> --

<col>On hand</col>, <cd>in present possession; as, he has a

supply of goods <xex>on hand</xex>.</cd> -- <col>On one's

hands</col>, <cd>in one's possession care, or management.</cd> --

<col>Putting the hand under the thigh</col>, <cd>an ancient

Jewish ceremony used in swearing.</cd> -- <col>Right hand</col>,

<cd>the place of honor, power, and strength.</cd> -- <col>Slack

hand</col>, <cd>idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth.</cd>

-- <col>Strict hand</col>, <cd>severe discipline; rigorous

government.</cd> -- <col>To bear a hand</col> <sd>(Naut)</sd>,

<cd>to give help quickly; to hasten.</cd> -- <col>To bear in

hand</col>, <cd>to keep in expectation with false pretenses.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To be</col>

<col>hand and glove, <or/ in glove</col> <col>with</col></mcol>.

<cd>See under <er>Glove</er>.</cd> -- <col>To be on the mending

hand</col>, <cd>to be convalescent or improving.</cd> -- <col>To

bring up by hand</col>, <cd>to feed (an infant) without suckling

it.</cd> -- <col>To change hand</col>. <cd>See

<er>Change</er>.</cd> -- <col>To change hands</col>, <cd>to

change sides, or change owners. <au>Hudibras</au>.</cd> --

<col>To clap the hands</col>, <cd>to express joy or applause, as

by striking the palms of the hands together.</cd> -- <col>To come

to hand</col>, <cd>to be received; to be taken into possession;

as, the letter <xex>came to hand</xex> yesterday.</cd> -- <col>To

get hand</col>, <cd>to gain influence. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>



<q>Appetites have . . . <qex>got</qex> such a <qex>hand</qex>

over them.</q>

<qau>Baxter.</qau>



-- <col>To got one's hand in</col>, <cd>to make a beginning in a

certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business.</cd>

-- <col>To have a hand in</col>, <cd>to be concerned in; to have

a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed

in.</cd> -- <col>To have in hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To have

in one's power or control.</cd> <au>Chaucer</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To be engaged upon or occupied with.</cd> -- <col>To have

one's hands full</col>, <cd>to have in hand al that one can do,

or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor

or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To</col> <col>have, <or/ get</col>, <col>the (higher)

upper hand</col></mcol>, <cd>to have, or get, the better of

another person or thing.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To his hand</col>,

<col>To my hand</col>, etc.</mcol>, <cd>in readiness; already

prepared. \'bdThe work is made <xex>to his hands</xex>.\'b8

<au>Locke</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hold hand</col>, <cd>to compete

successfully or on even conditions. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>To lay hands on</col>, <cd>to seize;

to assault.</cd> -- <col>To lend a hand</col>, <cd>to give

assistance.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>lift, <or/ put

forth</col>, <col>the hand against</col></mcol>, <cd>to attack;

to oppose; to kill.</cd> -- <col>To live from hand to

mouth</col>, <cd>to obtain food and other necessaries as want

compels, without previous provision.</cd> -- <col>To make one's

hand</col>, <cd>to gain advantage or profit.</cd> -- <col>To put

the hand unto</col>, <cd>to steal.</cd> <au>Ex. xxii. 8.</au>--

<col>To put the</col> <col>last, <or/ finishing</col>, <col>hand

to</col>, <cd>to make the last corrections in; to complete; to

perfect.</cd> -- <col>To set the hand to</col>, <cd>to engage in;

to undertake.</cd>



<q>That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou

<qex>settest thine hand to</qex>.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxiii. 20.</qau>



-- <col>To stand one in hand</col>, <cd>to concern or affect

one.</cd> -- <col>To strike hands</col>, <cd>to make a contract,

or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior.</cd> --

<col>To take in hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To attempt or

undertake</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To seize and deal with; as, he

<xex>took</xex> him <xex>in hand</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To wash the

hands of</col>, <cd>to disclaim or renounce interest in, or

responsibility for, a person or action; as, <xex>to wash one's

hands of</xex> a business. <au>Matt. xxvii. 24.</au></cd> --

<col>Under the hand of</col>, <cd> authenticated by the

handwriting or signature of; <as>as, the deed is executed

<xex>under the hand</xex> and seal <xex>of</xex> the

owner.</as></cd></cs>



<hw>Hand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Handed</er>; <pos>p. pr. 

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Handing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

give, pass, or transmit with the hand; <as>as, he <ex>handed</ex>

them the letter</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to

conduct; <as>as, to <ex>hand</ex> a lady into a

carriage</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To manage; <as>as, I <ex>hand</ex> my

oar</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To seize; to lay hands on.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To pledge by the hand; to handfast.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To furl; -- said of a

sail.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<cs><col>To hand down</col>, <cd>to transmit in succession, as

from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables

are <xex>handed down<xex> from age to age; to forward to the

proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of

the Court of Appeals <xex>handed down<xex> its decision.</cd> --

<col>To hand over</col>, <cd>to yield control of; to surrender;

to deliver up.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hand</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To co\'94perate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Massinger.</au>



<hw>Hand"bar"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A frame or

barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand.</def>



<hw>Hand"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pruning hook.</def> <altsp>[Usually written

<asp>hand bill</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hand"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hand</ets> + <ets>book</ets>; cf. AS.

<ets>handb<?/c</ets>, or G. <ets>handbuch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a

guidebook.</def>



<hw>Hand"breadth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A space

equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm.</def>



<au>Ex. xxxvii. 12.</au>



<hw>Hand"cart`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cart drawn or pushed by

hand.</def>



<hw>Hand"cloth`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

handkerchief.</def>



<hw>Hand"craft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Handicraft</er>.</def>



<hw>Hand"crafts`man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>-men</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A

handicraftsman.</def>



<hw>Hand"cuff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>handcops</ets>; <ets>hand</ets> hand + <ets>cosp</ets>,

<ets>cops</ets>, fetter. The second part was confused with E.

<ets>cuffs</ets>,]</ety> <def>A fastening, consisting of an iron

ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on

the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural.</def>



<-- p. 668 -->



<hw>Hand"cuff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Handcuffed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Handcuffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To apply handcuffs to; to

manacle.</def>



<au>Hay (1754).</au>



<hw>Hand"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>With hands

joined; hand in hand.</def>



<q>Into their inmost bower,

<qex>Handed</qex> they went.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a peculiar or characteristic hand.</def>



<q>As poisonous tongued as <qex>handed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Handed</xex> is used in composition in the

sense of <xex>having</xex> (such or so many) <xex>hands</xex>;

as, bloody-<xex>handed</xex>; free-<xex>handed</xex>;

heavy-<xex>handed</xex>; left-<xex>handed</xex>;

single-<xex>handed</xex>.</note>



<hw>Hand"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who hands

over or transmits; a conveyer in succession.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hand"fast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Contract; specifically, espousal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hand"fast`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fast by contract;

betrothed by joining hands.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bale.</au>



<hw>Hand"fast`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Handfasted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Handfasting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pledge; to bind; to

betroth by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the

celebration of marriage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- ##?? to

allow cohabitation? -->



<hw>Hand"fast`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G. <ets>handfest</ets>;

<ets>hand</ets> hand + <ets>fest</ets> strong. See

<er>Fast</er>.]</ety> <def>Strong;

steadfast.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Hand"fast`ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a handfast or

publicly pledged manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<hw>Hand"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The frogfish.</def>



<hw>Hand"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hand

flus</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS.

<ets>handfull</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>As much as the hand

will grasp or contain.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hand's breadth; four inches.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Knap the tongs together about a <qex>handful</qex> from the

bottom.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small quantity.</def>



<q>This <qex>handful</qex> of men were tied to very hard

duty.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<cs><col>To have one's handful</col>, <cd>to have one's hands

full; to have all one can do. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<q>They <qex>had their handful</qex> to defend themselves from

firing.</q>

<qau>Sir. W. Raleigh.</qau>



<hw>Hand"-hole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Steam

Boilers)</fld> <def>A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of

the hand in cleaning, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Hand-hole plate</col>, <cd>the cover of a

hand-hole.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hand"i*cap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>hand in cap</ets>; -- perh. in reference to an old mode of

setting a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An allowance of a certain amount of time or

distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor

possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other

hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in

order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success;

<as>as, the <ex>handicap</ex> was five seconds, or ten pounds,

and the like</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A race, for horses or men, or any contest of

agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of

time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the

chances of the competitors.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An old game at cards.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pepys.</au>



<hw>Hand"i*cap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Handicapped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Handicapping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To encumber

with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at

disadvantage; <as>as, the candidate was heavily

<ex>handicapped</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hand"i*cap`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

determines the conditions of a handicap.</def>



<hw>Hand"i*craft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>handcraft</ets>, influenced by <ets>handiwork</ets>; AS.

<ets>handcr\'91ft</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A trade

requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man who earns his living by handicraft; a

handicraftsman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hand"i-crafts`man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>-men</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man skilled or

employed in handcraft.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Hand"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Handy</er>.]</ety> <def>In a handy manner; skillfully;

conveniently.</def>



<hw>Hand"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being handy.</def>



<hw>Hand"i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Andrion</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hand"i*work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>handiwerc</ets>, AS. <ets>handgeweorc</ets>; <ets>hand</ets>

hand + <ets>geweorc</ets> work; prefix <ets>ge-</ets> +

<ets>weorc</ets>. See <er>Work</er>.]</ety> <def>Work done by the

hands; hence, any work done personally.</def>



<q>The firmament showeth his <qex>handiwork</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. xix. 1.</qau>



<hw>Hand"ker*cher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

handkerchief.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Chapman (1654). Shak.</au>



<hw>Hand"ker*chief</hw> <pr>(h<acr/n"k<etil/r*ch<icr/f;

277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Hand</ets> +

<ets>kerchief</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of cloth,

usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the

face or hands.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to

be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.</def>



<hw>Han"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Handled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Handling</er>

.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>handlen</ets>, AS.

<ets>handian</ets>; akin to D. <ets>handelen</ets> to trade, G.

<ets>handeln</ets>. See <er>Hand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand.</def>



<q><qex>Handle</qex> me, and see; for a spirit hath not

flesh.</q>

<qau>Luke xxiv. 39.</qau>



<q>About his altar, <qex>handling</qex> holy things.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to

wield; often, to manage skillfully.</def>



<q>That fellow <qex>handles</qex> his bow like a crowkeeper.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take

care of, with the hands.</def>



<q>The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and

<qex>handle</qex> their colts six months every year.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To receive and transfer; to have pass through

one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; <as>as, a merchant

<ex>handles</ex> a variety of goods, or a large stock</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To deal with; to make a business of.</def>



<q>They that <qex>handle</qex> the law knew me not.</q>

<qau>Jer. ii. 8.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To treat; to use, well or ill.</def>



<q>How wert thou <qex>handled</qex> being prisoner.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To manage; to control; to practice skill

upon.</def>



<q>You shall see how I will <qex>handle</qex> her.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To use or manage in writing or speaking; to

treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection.</def>



<q>We will <qex>handle</qex> what persons are apt to envy

others.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<cs><col>To handle without gloves</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Glove</er>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Han"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use the

hands.</def>



<q>They have hands, but they <qex>handle</qex> not.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxv. 7.</qau>



<hw>Han"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>handle</ets>. See

<er>Hand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That part of vessels,

instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved,

as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That of which use is made; the instrument for

effecting a purpose; a tool.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<cs><col>To give a handle</col>, <cd>to furnish an occasion or

means.</cd></cs>



<hw>Han"dle*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being handled.</def>



<hw>Hand"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

hand.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Han"dling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>handlung</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A touching,

controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as

with the hands. See <er>Handle</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<q>The heavens and your fair <qex>handling</qex>

Have made you master of the field this day.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Drawing, Painting, etc.)</fld> <def>The mode of

using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<hw>Hand"made"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Manufactured

by hand; <as>as, <ex>handmade</ex> shoes</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hand"maid"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hand"maiden</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A maid that waits at

hand; a female servant or attendant.</def>



<hw>Hand"saw`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A saw used

with one hand.</def>



<hw>Hand"sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>hansel</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>handsal</ets>,

<ets>hansal</ets>, <ets>hansel</ets>, AS. <ets>hands<?/len</ets>a

giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. <ets>handsal</ets>;

<ets>hand</ets> hand + <ets>sal</ets> sale, bargain; akin to AS.

<ets>sellan</ets> to give, deliver. See <er>Sell</er>,

<er>Sale</er>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sale, gift, or delivery

into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or

using which is the first of a series, and regarded as on omen for

the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money

received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money

taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young

woman on her wedding day, etc.</def>



<q>Their first good <qex>handsel</qex> of breath in this

world.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>Our present tears here, not our present laughter,

Are but the <qex>handsels</qex> of our joys hereafter.</q>

<qau>Herrick.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Price; payment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<cs><col>Handsel Monday</col>, <cd>the first Monday of the new

year, when <xex>handsels<xex> or presents are given to servants,

children, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hand"sel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Handseled</er> <or/ <er>Handseled</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Handseling</er>

<or/ <er>Handselling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also

<ets>hansel</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[OE <ets>handsellen</ets>,

<ets>hansellen</ets>;cf. Isel. <ets>hadsala</ets>,

<ets>handselja</ets>. See <er>Handsel</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a handsel to.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to

make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally.</def>



<q>No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture

hath <qex>handseled</qex> it with prayer.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Hand"some</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Handsomer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Handsomest</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[<ets>Hand</ets> + <ets>-some</ets>. It at first meant,

dexterous; cf. D. <ets>handzaam</ets> dexterous, ready, limber,

manageable, and E. <ets>handy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to

things as persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and

<qex>handsome</qex> to be moved and turned about.</q>

<qau>Robynson (Utopia).</qau>



<q>For a thief it is so <qex>handsome</qex> as it may seem it was

first invented for him.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having

a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry

and dignity; comely; -- expressing more than <xex>pretty</xex>,

and less than <xex>beautiful</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>handsome</ex>

man or woman; a <ex>handsome</ex> garment, house, tree,

horse.</as></def><-- MW10 treats it as synonymous with beautiful

in this sense. -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety

and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; <as>as, a

<ex>handsome</ex> style, etc</as>.</def>



<q>Easiness and <qex>handsome</qex> address in writing.</q>

<qau>Felton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of

character; liberal; generous.</def>



<q><qex>Handsome</qex> is as <qex>handsome</qex> does.</q>

<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Ample; moderately large.</def>



<q>He . . . accumulated a <xex>handsome</xex> sum of money.</q>

<qau>V. Knox.</qau>



<cs><col>To do the handsome thing</col>, <cd>to act liberally.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Handsome</er>, <er>Pretty</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Pretty</xex> applies to things comparatively small, which

please by their delicacy and grace; as, a <xex>pretty</xex> girl,

a <xex>pretty</xex> flower, a <xex>pretty</xex> cottage.

<xex>Handsome</xex> rises higher, and is applied to objects on a

larger scale. We admire what is <xex>handsome</xex>, we are

pleased with what is <xex>pretty</xex>. The word is connected

with <xex>hand</xex>, and has thus acquired the idea of training,

cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely

into our conception of <xex>handsome</xex>. Thus Drayton makes

mention of <xex>handsome</xex> players, meaning those, who are

well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a

<xex>handsome</xex> address, which is the result of culture; of a

<xex>handsome</xex> horse or dog, which implies well proportioned

limbs; of a <xex>handsome</xex> face, to which, among other

qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are

essential; of a <xex>handsome</xex> tree, and a

<xex>handsome</xex> house or villa. So, from this idea of

proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different

application, the expressions, a <xex>handsome</xex> fortune, a

<xex>handsome</xex> offer.</usage>



<hw>Had"some</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To render

handsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Donne</au>



<hw>Hand"some*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a

handsome manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Carefully; in shipshape

style.</def>



<hw>Hand"some*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

handsome.</def>



<q><qex>Handsomeness</qex> is the mere animal excellence, beauty

the mere imaginative.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<hw>Hand"spike`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bar or

lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for

heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various

purposes.</def>



<hw>Hand"spring`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the

ground.</def>



<hw>Hand"-tight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>As tight as can be made by the

hand.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Hand"wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the

rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or

other part is adjusted.</def>



<hw>Hand"-winged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having wings that are like hands in

the structure and arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats.

See <er>Cheiroptera</er>.</def>



<hw>Hand"writ`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person;

chirography.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is written by hand; manuscript.</def>



<cs><col>The handwriting on the wall</col>, <cd>a doom

pronounced; an omen of disaster.</cd></cs>



<qau>Dan. v. 5.</qau>



<hw>Hand"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Handier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Handiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hendi</ets>, AS. <ets>hendig</ets> (in comp.), fr.

<ets>hand</ets> hand; akin to D. <ets>handig</ets>, Goth.

<ets>handugs</ets> clever, wise.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Performed by the hand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To draw up and come to <qex>handy</qex> strokes.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready;

adroit.</def> \'bdEach is <xex>handy</xex> in his way.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use

of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; <as>as,

my tools are <ex>handy</ex>; a <ex>handy</ex> volume.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Easily managed; obedient to

the helm; -- said of a vessel.</def>



<hw>Handy"y-dan`dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other

holds some small object, winning the object if right and

forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit.</def>



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<hw>Hand"y*fight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fight

with the hands; boxing.</def> \'bdPollux loves

<xex>handyfights</xex>.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Hand"y*gripe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Seizure

by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in

fighting.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Hand"y*stroke`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blow

with the hand.</def>



<hw>Hand"-work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Handiwork</er>.</def>



<hw>Hang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hanged</er>

<pr>(h?ngd)</pr> <or/ <er>Hung</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Hanging</er>. <usage>The use of

<xex>hanged</xex> is preferable to that of <xex>hung</xex>, when

reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is

also more common</usage>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hangen</ets>, <ets>hangien</ets>, <ets>v. t. & i.</ets>, AS.

<ets>hangian</ets>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, fr. <ets>h<?/n</ets>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> (imp. <ets>heng</ets>, p. p. <ets>hongen</ets>);

akin to OS. <ets>hang<?/n</ets>, <pos>v. i.</pos> D.

<ets>hangen</ets>, <ets>v. t. & i.</ets>, G. <ets>hangen</ets>,

<ets>v. i</ets>, <ets>h\'84ngen</ets>, <ets>v. t</ets>, Isel

<ets>hanga</ets>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, Goth. <ets>h\'behan</ets>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> (imp. <ets>ha\'a1hah</ets>),

<ets>h\'behan</ets>, <pos>v. i.</pos> (imp. <ets>hahaida</ets>),

and perh. to L. <ets>cunctari</ets> to delay. <root/37. ]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point

without support from below; -- often used with <xex>up</xex> or

<xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>hang</ex> a coat on a hook; to

<ex>hang</ex> up a sign; to <ex>hang</ex> out a

banner.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fasten in a manner which will allow of free

motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a

pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of

an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath,

or an ax to its helve.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a

form of capital punishment; <as>as, to <ex>hang</ex> a

murderer</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging

pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with

paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc.</def>



<q><qex>Hung</qex> be the heavens with black.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And <qex>hung</qex> thy holy roofs with savage spoils.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a

room.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined

manner or position instead of erect; to droop; <as>as, he

<ex>hung</ex> his head in shame</as>.</def>



<q>Cowslips wan that <qex>hang</qex> the pensive head.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>To hang down</col>, <cd>to let fall below the proper

position; to bend down; to decline; as, to <xex>hang down<xex>

the head, or, elliptically, to <xex>hang<xex> the head.</cd> --

<col>To hang fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to be slow in

communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun

<xex>hangs fire<xex>; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in

suspense.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hand</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be suspended

or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to

dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of

free motion on the point or points of suspension.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To die or be put to death by suspension from the

neck.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdSir Balaam

<xex>hangs</xex>.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To hold for support; to depend; to cling; --

usually with <xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>; <as>as, this

question <ex>hangs</ex> on a single point</as>.</def> \'bdTwo

infants <xex>hanging</xex> on her neck.\'b8



<au>Peacham.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be, or be like, a suspended weight.</def>



<q>Life <qex>hangs</qex> upon me, and becomes a burden.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; --

usually with <xex>over</xex>; <as>as, evils <ex>hang</ex> over

the country</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To lean or incline; to incline downward.</def>



<q>To decide which way <qex>hung</qex> the victory.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder <qex>hung</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To slope down; <as>as, <ex>hanging</ex>

grounds</as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in

suspense; to linger; to be delayed.</def>



<q>A noble stroke he lifted high,

Which <qex>hung</qex> not, but so swift with tempest fell

On the proud crest of Satan.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>To hang around</col>, <cd>to loiter idly about.</cd> --

<col>To hang back</col>, <cd>to hesitate; to falter; to be

reluctant. \'bdIf any one among you <xex>hangs back<xex>.\'b8

<au>Jowett (Thucyd.)</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hang by the

eyelids</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To hang by a very slight hold or

tenure.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be in an unfinished condition;

to be left incomplete.</cd> -- <col>To hang in doubt</col>,

<cd>to be in suspense.</cd> -- <col>To hang on</col><cd> (with

the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to

stick; to be persistent, as a disease.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To hang

on the lips</col>, <col>words, etc</col></mcol>., <cd>to be

charmed by eloquence.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To hang out</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be hung out so as to be displayed; to

project.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be unyielding; as, the juryman

<xex>hangs out</xex> against an agreement.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark><-- =hold out?--> (c) to lounge around a

particular place; as, teenageers tend to <xex>hang out</xex> at

the mall these days--> -- <col>To hang over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To project at the top.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To impend

over.</cd> -- <col>To hang to</col>, <cd>to cling.</cd> --

<col>To hang together</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To remain united;

to stand by one another.</cd> \'bdWe are all of a piece; we

<xex>hang together</xex>.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To be self-consistent; as, the story does not <xex>hang

together</xex>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To hang

upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To regard with passionate

affection.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To hover

around; as, <xex>to hang upon<xex> the flanks of a retreating

enemy.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The manner in which

one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another;

<as>as, the <ex>hang</ex> of a scythe</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Connection; arrangement; plan; <as>as, the

<ex>hang</ex> of a discourse</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<-- p. 669 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sharp or steep declivity or slope.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>To get the hang of</col>, <cd>to learn the method or

arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Hang"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The Baltimore oriole (<spn>Icterus

galbula</spn>); -- so called because its nest is suspended from

the limb of a tree. See <er>Baltimore oriole</er>.</def>



<hw>Hang"-by`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hang-bies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A dependent; a

hanger-on; -- so called in contempt.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Hag"dog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A base,

degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.</def>



<hw>Hang"dog`</hw><def>, Low; sneaking; ashamed.</def>



<q>The poor colonel went out of the room with a

<qex>hangdog</qex> look.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Hang"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That by which a thing is suspended</def>.

Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strap hung to the girdle, by

which a dagger or sword is suspended</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A part that suspends a journal box in

which shafting runs</def>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Countershaft</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A bridle

iron</def>.</def><-- (d) clothes hanger -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword

worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short,

curved sword.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A steep, wooded declivity.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Gilbert White.</au>



<hw>Hang"er-on`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hangers-on</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who hangs

on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one

who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Hang"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Requiring,

deserving, or foreboding death by the halter.</def> \'bdWhat a

<xex>hanging</xex> face!\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suspended from above; pendent; <as>as,

<ex>hanging</ex> shelves</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; <as>as,

the <ex>hanging</ex> post of a gate, the post which holds the

hinges</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hanging compass</col>, <cd>a compass suspended so that

the card may be read from beneath.</cd> -- <col>Hanging

garden</col>, <cd>a garden sustained at an artificial elevation

by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon.</cd> -- <col>Hanging

indentation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Indentation</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hanging rail</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>that rail of a

door or casement to which hinges are attached.</cd> --

<col>Hanging side</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the overhanging

side of an inclined or hading vein.</cd> -- <col>Hanging

sleeves</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Strips of the same stuff as the

gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>Loose, flowing sleeves.</cd> -- <col>Hanging stile</col>.

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>That stile of a door to which

hinges are secured.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>That upright of a

window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the

pulleys for sash windows are fastened.</cd> -- <col>Hanging

wall</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the upper wall of inclined

vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in

the vein.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hang"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

suspending anything; the state of being suspended.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Death by suspension; execution by a

halter.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is hung as lining or drapery for the

walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a

door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>



<q>Nor purple <qex>hangings</qex> clothe the palace walls.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Hang"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hangmen</plw>(<?/).</plu> <def>One who hangs another; esp.,

one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; --

sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to

office.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hang"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n..</pos> <def>The office or

character of a hangman.</def>



<hw>Hang"nail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corruption of <ets>agnail</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small piece or

silver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of finger

nail.</def>



<au>Holloway.</au>



<hw>Hang"nest`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bird which builds such a nest; a

hangbird.</def>



<hw>Hank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.

<ets>hank</ets> handle, Sw. <ets>hank</ets> a band or tie, Icel.

<ets>hanki</ets> hasp, clasp, <ets>h\'94nk</ets>,

<ets>hangr</ets>, hank, coil, skein, G. <ets>henkel</ets>,

<ets>henk</ets>, handle; ar prob. akin to E. <ets>hang</ets>. See

<er>Hang</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A parcel consisting of two

or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rope or withe for fastening a gate.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hold; influence.</def>



<q>When the devil hath got such a <qex>hank</qex> over him.</q>

<qau>Bp. Sanderson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A ring or eye of rope, wood,

or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a

stay.</def>



<hw>Hank</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hanken</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fasten with a rope, as a

gate.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form into hanks.</def>



<hw>Han"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hankered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hankering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>hang</ets>;

cf. D. <ets>hunkeren</ets>, <ets>hengelen</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To long (for) with a keen appetite and

uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with

<xex>for</xex> or <xex>after</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>hanker</ex>

after fruit; to <ex>hanker</ex> after the diversions of the

town.</as></def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>He was <qex>hankering</qex> to join his friend.</q>

<qau>J. A. Symonds.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To linger in expectation or with desire.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Han"ker*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hankering

manner.</def>



<hw>Han"key-pan"key</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Hocus-pocus</er>.]</ety> <def>Professional cant; the chatter

of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence,

jugglery.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Han`o*ve"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover

in England.</def>



<hw>Han`o*ve"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or

naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of

Hanover.</def>



<hw>Han" sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 2d

<er>Hanse</er>.</def>



<hw>Han"sard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An official

report of proceedings in the British Parliament; -- so called

from the name of the publishers.</def>



<hw>Han"sard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A merchant of one of the

Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d <er>Hanse</er>.</def>



<hw>Hanse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anse</ets> handle, <ets>anse de panier</ets> surbased arch,

flat arch, vault, and E. <ets>haunch</ets> hip.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of an elliptical or

many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately

adjoins the impost.</def>



<hw>Hanse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G. <ets>hanse</ets>, or F.

<ets>hanse</ets> (from German), OHG. & Goth. <ets>hansa</ets>;

akin to AS. <ets>h<?/s</ets> band, troop.]</ety> <def>An

association; a league or confederacy.</def>



<cs><col>Hanse towns</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>certain

commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the

protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy,

called also <altname>Hansa</altname> and <altname>Hanseatic

league</altname>, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained

for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised

eighty-five cities. Its remnants, L\'81beck, Hamburg, and Bremen,

are <stype>free cities</stype>, and are still frequently called

<xex>Hanse towns<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Han`se*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy.</def>



<cs><col>Hanseatic league</col>. <cd>See under 2d

<er>Hanse</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Han"sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Handsel</er>.</def>



<hw>Han"sel*ines</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sort of

breeches.</def> <mark>[Obs..]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw><hw>Han"som</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <hw>Han"som

cab`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>. <ety>[From the name of the

inventor.]</ety> <def>A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage

with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed

over the top.</def>



<q>He hailed a cruising <qex>hansom</qex> . . . \'bd 'Tis the

gondola of London,\'b8 said Lothair.</q>

<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>



<hw>Han't</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A contraction of

<xex>have</xex> not, or <xex>has</xex> not, used in illiterate

speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is

<xex>hain't</xex>.</def>



<hw>Han"u*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hoonoomaun</er>.</def>



<hw>Hap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[OE.<ets>happen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To clothe; to wrap.</def>



<q>The surgeon <qex>happed</qex> her up carefully.</q>

<qau>Dr. J. Brown.</qau>



<hw>Hap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hap</er> to

clothe.]</ety> <def>A cloak or plaid.</def> <mark>[O. Eng. &

Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Hap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>happ</ets>

unexpected good luck. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>That which happens

or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence

or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate;

luck; lot.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Whether art it was or heedless <qex>hap</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Cursed be good <qex>haps</qex>, and cursed be they that build

Their hopes on <qex>haps</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q>Loving goes by <qex>haps</qex>:

Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>happen</ets>. See

<er>Hap</er> chance, and cf. <er>Happen</er>.]</ety> <def>To

happen; to befall; to chance.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Sends word of all that <qex>haps</qex> in Tyre.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hap'"pen*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

half-penny.</def>



<hw>Hap"haz`ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hap</ets> + <ets>hazard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Extra

hazard; chance; accident; random.</def>



<q>We take our principles at <qex>haphazard</qex>, upon

trust.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Hap"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without hap or

luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; <as>as,

<ex>hapless</ex> youth; <ex>hapless</ex> maid.</as></def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hap"less*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hapless, unlucky

manner.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ha*plo"mi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ simple + <?/ shoulder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes,

cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.</def>



<hw>Hal`lo*stem"o*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ simple + <?/ a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper

number of petals; isostemonous.</def>



<hw>Hap"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By hap,

chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.</def>



<q>Lest <qex>haply</qex> ye be found even to fight against

God.</q>

<qau>Acts v. 39.</qau>



<hw>Happed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[From 1st

<er>Hap</er>.]</ety> <def>Wrapped; covered; cloaked.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>All <qex>happed</qex> with flowers in the green wood were.</q>

<qau>Hogg.</qau>



<hw>Hap"pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Happened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Happening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>happenen</ets>,

<ets>hapnen</ets>. See <er>Hap</er> to happen.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to

fall out.</def>



<q>There shall no evil <qex>happen</qex> to the just.</q>

<qau>Prov. xii. 21.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take place; to occur.</def>



<q>All these things which had <qex>happened</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke xxiv. 14.</qau>



<cs><col>To happen on</col>, <cd>to meet with; to fall or light

upon. \'bdI have <xex>happened on<xex> some other accounts.\'b8

<au>Graunt</au>.</cd> -- <col>To happen in</col>, <cd>to make a

casual call. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Hap"pi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Happy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>By chance; peradventure;

haply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.</def>



<q>Preferred by conquest, <qex>happily</qex> o'erthrown.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In a happy manner or state; in happy

circumstances; <as>as, he lived <ex>happily</ex> with his

wife</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>With address or dexterity; gracefully;

felicitously; in a manner to success; with success.</def>



<q>Formed by thy converse, <qex>happily</qex> to steer

From grave to gay, from lively to severe.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously;

contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.</syn>



<hw>Hap"pi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Happy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Good luck; good fortune;

prosperity.</def>



<q>All <qex>happiness</qex> bechance to thee in Milan!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul

arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind;

the possession of those circumstances or that state of being

which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy;

contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used

especially of language.</def>



<q>Some beauties yet no precepts can declare,

For there's a <qex>happiness</qex>, as well as care.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Happiness</er>, <er>Felicity</er>,

<er>Blessedness</er>, <er>Bliss</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Happiness</xex> is generic, and is applied to almost every

kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites;

<xex>felicity</xex> is a more formal word, and is used more

sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated

associations; <xex>blessedness</xex> is applied to the most

refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and

religious affections; <xex>bliss</xex> denotes still more exalted

delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated

in heaven.</usage>



<q>O <qex>happiness</qex>! our being's end and aim!</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Others in virtue place <qex>felicity</qex>,

But virtue joined with riches and long life;

In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>His overthrow heaped <qex>happiness</qex> upon him;

For then, and not till then, he felt himself,

And found the <qex>blessedness</qex> of being little.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hap"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Happier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Happiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Hap</er> chance.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Favored by hap,

luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous;

satisfying desire; <as>as, a <ex>happy</ex> expedient; a

<ex>happy</ex> effort; a <ex>happy</ex> venture; a <ex>happy</ex>

omen.</as></def>



<q>Chymists have been more <qex>happy</qex> in finding

experiments than the causes of them.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune;

having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being

or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace,

tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; <as>as, <ex>happy</ex>

hours, <ex>happy</ex> thoughts</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Happy</qex> is that people, whose God is the Lord.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxliv. 15.</qau>



<q>The learned is <qex>happy</qex> Nature to explore,

The fool is <qex>happy</qex> that he knows no more.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.</def>



<q>One gentleman is <qex>happy</qex> at a reply, another excels

in a in a rejoinder.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<cs><col>Happy family</col>, <cd>a collection of animals of

different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in

one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons

who are in fact mutually repugnant.</cd> --

<col>Happy-go-lucky</col>, <cd>trusting to hap or luck;

improvident; easy-going. \'bd<xex>Happy-go-lucky<xex>

carelessness.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>W. Black.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ha*pu"ku</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and valuable food fish

(<spn>Polyprion prognathus</spn>) of New Zealand. It sometimes

weighs one hundred pounds or more.</def>



<hw>Haque"but</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hagbut</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha"ra-ki`ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Jap.,

stomach cutting.]</ety> <def>Suicide, by slashing the abdomen,

formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in

the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; -- also

written, but incorrectly, <asp>hari-kari</asp>.</def>



<au>W. E. Griffis.</au>



<hw>Ha*rangue"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>harangue</ets>: cf. Sp. <ets>arenda</ets>, It.

<ets>aringa</ets>; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the

hustings, It. <ets>aringo</ets> arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr.

OHG. <ets>hring</ets> ring, anything round, ring of people, G.

<ets>ring</ets>. See <er>Ring</er>.]</ety> <def>A speech

addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud

address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech;

declamation; ranting.</def>



<q>Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed,

Assemble, and <qex>harangues</qex> are heard.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Harangue</er>, <er>Speech</er>,

<er>Oration</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Speech</xex> is generic; an

<xex>oration</xex> is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an

<xex>harangue</xex> is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a

noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an

<xex>harangue</xex> to his troops on the eve of a battle; a

demagogue <xex>harangues</xex> the populace on the subject of

their wrongs.</usage>



<hw>Ha*rangue"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Harangued</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Haranguing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>haranguer</ets>, It. <ets>aringare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

make an harangue; to declaim.</def>



<hw>Ha*rangue"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To address by an

harangue.</def>



<hw>Ha*rangue"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

harangue.</def>



<hw>Ha*rang"uer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer.</def>



<q>With them join'd all th' <qex>harangues</qex> of the throng,

That thought to get preferment by the tongue.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Har"ass</hw> <pr>(h<acr/r"<it>a</it>s)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Harassed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Harassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>harasser</ets>;

cf. OF. <ets>harace</ets> a basket made of cords,

<ets>harace</ets>, <ets>harasse</ets>,a very heavy and large

shield; or <ets>harer</ets> to set (a dog) on.]</ety> <def>To

fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to

weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure

excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by

<xex>out</xex>.</def>



<q>[Troops] <qex>harassed</qex> with a long and wearisome

march.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Nature oppressed and <qex>harass'd</qex> out with care.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Vext with lawyers and <qex>harass'd</qex> with debt.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease;

worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex;

molest; trouble; disturb; torment.</syn>



<hw>Har"ass</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Devastation;

waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Worry; harassment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Har"ass*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

harasses.</def>



<hw>Har"ass*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance;

anxiety.</def>



<q>Little <qex>harassments</qex> which I am led to suspect do

occasionally molest the most fortunate.</q>

<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>



<hw>Har"ber*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Harborous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly

appareled, <qex>harberous</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2)</qau>



<hw>Har"bin*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>herbergeour</ets>, OF. <ets>herbergeor</ets> one who

provides lodging, fr. <ets>herbergier</ets> to provide lodging,

F. <ets>h\'82berger</ets>, OF. <ets>herberge</ets> lodging, inn,

F. <ets>auberge</ets>; of German origin. See

<er>Harbor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who provides

lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household

who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and

prepare lodgings.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.</def>



<q>I knew by these <qex>harbingers</qex> who were coming.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>Har"bin*ger</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Harbingered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Harbingering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To usher in; to

be a harbinger of.</def> \'bdThus did the star of religious

freedom <xex>harbinger</xex> the day.\'b8



<au>Bancroft.</au>



<hw>Har"bor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>harbour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE <ets>herbor</ets>,

<ets>herberwe</ets>, <ets>herberge</ets>, Icel.

<ets>herbergi</ets> (cf. OHG. <ets>heriberga</ets>), orig., a

shelter for soldiers; <ets>herr</ets> army + <ets>bjarga</ets> to

save, help, defend; akin to AS. <ets>here</ets> army, G.

<ets>heer</ets>, OHG. <ets>heri</ets>, Goth. <ets>harjis</ets>,

and AS. <ets>beorgan</ets> to save, shelter, defend, G.

<ets>bergen</ets>. See <er>Harry</er>, <er>2d Bury</er>, and cf.

<er>Harbinger</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A station for rest

and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a

shelter.</def>



<q>[A grove] fair <qex>harbour</qex> that them seems.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>For <qex>harbor</qex> at a thousand doors they knocked.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specif.: A lodging place; an inn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The mansion of a heavenly

body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body

of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be

a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or

haven.</def>



<-- p. 670 -->



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Glass Works)</fld> <def>A mixing box

materials.</def>



<cs><col>Harbor dues</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>fees paid for

the use of a harbor.</cd> -- <col>Harbor seal</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common seal.</cd> -- <col>Harbor

watch</col>, <cd>a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor

watch.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har"bor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>harbour</asp>.]</altsp> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Harbored</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Harboring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>herberen</ets>, <ets>herberwen</ets>, <ets>herbergen</ets>;

cf. Icel. <ets>herbergja</ets>. See <er>Harbor</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To afford lodging to; to enter as

guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a

thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought).</def>



<q>Any place that <qex>harbors</qex> men.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The bare suspicion made it treason to <qex>harbor</qex> the

person suspected.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<q>Let not your gentle breast <qex>harbor</qex> one thought of

outrage.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<hw>Har"bor</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lodge, or abide for a

time; to take shelter, as in a harbor.</def>



<q>For this night let's <qex>harbor</qex> here in York.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Har"bor*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Shelter;

entertainment.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Where can I get me <qex>harborage</qex> for the night?</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Har"bor*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, harbors.</def>



<q>Geneva was . . . a <qex>harborer</qex> of exiles for

religion.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<hw>Har"bor*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a harbor;

shelterless.</def>



<hw>Har"bor mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An officer charged

with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of

a harbor.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Har"bor*ough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Har"brough</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw><ety>[See <er>Harbor</er>.]</ety> <def>A

shelter.</def> <mark>[Obs]</mark>.



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Har"bor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hospitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Harder</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Hardest</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[<er>OE</er>. <ets>heard</ets>, AS. <ets>heard</ets>; akin

to OS. & D. <ets>heard</ets>, G. <ets>hart</ets>, OHG.

<ets>harti</ets>, Icel. <ets>har<?/r</ets>, Dan.

<ets>haard</ets>, <ets>Sw</ets>. <ets>h</ets>\'86<ets>rd</ets>,

Goth. <ets>hardus</ets>, Gr.<?/ strong,

<ets><?/</ets>,<ets><?/</ets>, strength, and also <ets>to</ets>

E. <ets>-ard</ets>, as in <ets>coward</ets>, <ets>drunkard</ets>,

<ets>-crat</ets>, <ets>-cracy</ets> in auto<ets>crat</ets>,

demo<ets>cracy</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>kratu</ets> strength,

<ets><?/</ets> to do, make. Gf.<er>Hardy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not

yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to

material bodies, and opposed to <xex>soft</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>hard</ex> wood; <ex>hard</ex> flesh; a <ex>hard</ex>

apple.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily

apprehended, decided, or resolved; <as>as a <ex>hard</ex>

problem</as>.</q>



<q>The <qex>hard</qex> causes they brought unto Moses.</q>

<qau>Ex. xviii. 26.</qau>



<q>In which are some things <qex>hard</qex> to be understood.</q>

<qau>2 Peter iii. 16.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles;

laborious; fatiguing; arduous; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> task; a

disease <ex>hard</ex> to cure.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Difficult to resist or control; powerful.</def>



<q>The stag was too <qex>hard</qex> for the horse.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q> A power which will be always too <qex>hard</qex> for

them.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up

with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive;

distressing; unjust; grasping; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> lot;

<ex>hard</ex> times; <ex>hard</ex> fare; a <ex>hard</ex> winter;

<ex>hard</ex> conditions or terms.</as></def>



<q>I never could drive a <qex>hard</qex> bargain.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Difficult to please or influence; stern;

unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; <as>as, a

<ex>hard</ex> master; a <ex>hard</ex> heart; <ex>hard</ex> words;

a <ex>hard</ex> character.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff;

rigid; ungraceful; repelling; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex>

style</as>.</def>



<q>Figures <qex>harder</qex> than even the marble itself.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; <as>as,

<ex>hard</ex> cider</as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>(Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not

aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the

organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants,

as <xex>c</xex> in <xex>came</xex>, and <xex>g</xex> in

<xex>go</xex>, as distinguished from the same letters in

<xex>center</xex>, <xex>general</xex>, etc.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance;

harsh; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> tone</as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Rigid in the

drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of

composition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having disagreeable and

abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Hard cancer</col>, <col>Hard case</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc. See under <er>Cancer</er>, <er>Case</er>, etc.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Hard clam</col>, <or/ <col>Hard-shelled

clam</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the guahog.</cd> --

<col>Hard coal</col>, <cd>anthracite, as distinguished from

bituminous or <xex>soft<xex> coal.</cd> -- <col>Hard and

fast</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fast</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Hard finish</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a smooth

finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of

rough plastering.</cd> -- <col>Hard lines</col>, <cd>hardship;

difficult conditions.</cd> -- <col>Hard money</col>, <cd>coin or

specie, as distinguished from paper money.</cd>



-- <col>Hard oyster</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the northern

native oyster.</cd> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Hard

pan</col>, <cd>the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil;

hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or

quality of anything; as, the <xex>hard pan</xex> of character, of

a matter in dispute, etc. See <er>Pan</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hard

rubber</col>. <cd>See under <er>Rubber</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hard

solder</col>. <cd>See under <er>Solder</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hard

water</col>, <cd>water, which contains lime or some mineral

substance rendering it unfit for washing. See <er>Hardness</er>,

3.</cd>- <col>Hard wood</col>, <cd>wood of a solid or hard

texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction

from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.</cd>- <col>In hard

condition</col>, <cd>in excellent condition for racing; having

firm muscles;-said of race horses.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding;

stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe;

obdurate; rigid. See <er>Solid</er>, and <er>Arduous</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hard</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>harde</ets>, AS.

<ets>hearde</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>With pressure; with

urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.</def>



<q>And prayed so <qex>hard</qex> for mercy from the prince.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>My father

Is <qex>hard</qex> at study; pray now, rest yourself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With difficulty; <as>as, the vehicle moves

<ex>hard</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly.</def>



<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>So as to raise difficulties. \'bd The guestion

is <xex>hard</xex> set\'b8.</def>



<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>With tension or strain of the powers; violently;

with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically;

<as>as, to press, to blow, to rain <ex>hard</ex></as>; hence,

rapidly; <as>as, to run <ex>hard</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Close or near.</def>



<q>Whose house joined <qex>hard</qex> to the synagogue.</q>

<qau>Acts xviii.7.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Hard by</col>, <col>near by</col></mcol><cd>;

close at hand; not far off.</cd> \'bd<xex>Hard by<xex> a cottage

chimney smokes.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. -- <mcol><col>Hard

pushed</col>, <col>Hard run</col><mcol>, <cd>greatly pressed;

<as>as, he was <ex>hard pushed</ex> or <ex>hard run</ex> for

time, money, etc</as>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Hard

up</col>, <cd>closely pressed by want or necessity; without money

or resources; <as>as, <ex>hard up<ex> for amusements</as>.</cd>

<mark>[Slang]</mark></cs>



<note><hand/  <xex>Hard</xex> in nautical language is often

joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the

order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the

helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme

limit, as, <xex>Hard aport</xex>! <xex>Hard astarboard</xex>!

<xex>Hard alee</xex>! <xex>Hard aweather up</xex>!

   <xex>Hard</xex> is also often used in composition with a

participle; as, <xex>hard</xex>-baked; <xex>hard</xex>-earned;

<xex>hard</xex>-working; <xex>hard</xex>-won.</note>



<hw>Hard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To harden; to

make hard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A ford or passage across a

river or swamp.</def>



<hw>Hard"bake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sweetmeat

of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored

with orange or lemon juice, etc.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Hard"beam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A tree of the genus <spn>Carpinus</spn>, of compact, horny

texture; hornbeam.</def>



<hw>Hard"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hardened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hardening</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hardnen</ets>,

<ets>hardenen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make hard or

harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; <as>as, to

<ex>harden</ex> clay or iron</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with

constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm

in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable.</def>

\'bd<xex>Harden</xex> not your heart.\'b8



<au>Ps. xcv. 8.</au>



<q>I would <qex>harden</qex> myself in sorrow.</q>

<qau>Job vi. 10.</qau>



<hw>Hard"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become

hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; <as>as,

mortar <ex>hardens</ex> by drying</as>.</def>



<q>The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has

<qex>hardened</qex> into tradition.</q>

<qau>The Century.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a

good or a bad sense.</def>



<q>They, <qex>hardened</qex> more by what might most reclaim.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hard"ened</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made hard, or

compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate;

confirmed in error or vice.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling;

unsusceptible; insensible. See <er>Obdurate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hard"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools.</def>



<hw>Hard"en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Making hard

or harder.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which hardens, as a material used for

converting the surface of iron into steel.</def>



<hw>Har"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African mullet, salted for

food.</def>



<hw>Har*de"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A term applied to a lachrymal gland on

the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third

eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See <cref>Nictitating

membrane</cref>, under <er>Nictitate</er>.</def>



<hw>Hard"-fa`vored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hard-featured; ill-looking; <as>as, Vulcan was

<ex>hard-favored</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hard"fa`vored*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Coarseness of

features.</def>



<hw>Hard"-fea`tured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <def>Having

coarse, unattractive or stern features.</def>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<hw>Hard"fern`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A species of fern (<spn>Lomaria borealis</spn>), growing in

Europe and Northwestern America.</def>



<hw>Hard"-fist`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having hard or strong hands; <as>as, a <ex>hard-fisted</ex>

laborer</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Hard"-fought`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. Vigorously</pos>

<def>contested; <as>as, a <ex>hard-fought</ex> battle</as>.</def>



<hw>Hard" grass`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

name given to several different grasses, especially to the

<spn>Roltb\'94llia incurvata</spn>, and to the species of

<spn>\'92gilops</spn>, from one of which it is contended that

wheat has been derived.</def>



<hw>Hard"hack`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A very astringent shrub (<spn>Spir\'91a

tomentosa</spn>), common in pastures. The <spn>Potentilla

fruticosa</spn> in also called by this name.</def>



<hw>Hard"-hand`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

hard hands, as a manual laborer.</def>



<q><qex>Hard-handed</qex> men that work in Athens here.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hard"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Clash or collision of heads in contest.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The menhaden.

See <er>Menhaden</er>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Block's gurnard (<spn>Trigla gurnardus</spn>)

of Europe</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A California salmon; the

steelhead</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The gray whale</def>. See

<cref>Gray whale</cref>, under <er>Gray</er>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A

coarse American commercial sponge (<spn>Spongia

dura</spn>).</def>



<hw>Hard"-head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having sound judgment;

sagacious; shrewd.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hard"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hard"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hard"-heart`ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hard"di*head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hardihood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hard"di*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hardy</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <def>Boldness,

united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity;

also, audaciousness; impudence.</def>



<q>A bound of graceful <qex>hardihood</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>It is the society of numbers which gives <qex>hardihood</qex>

to iniquity.</q>

<qau>Buckminster.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness;

audacity; effrontery; impudence.</syn>



<hw>Har"di*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Same as

<er>Hardly</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Boldly; stoutly; resolutely.</def>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Har"di*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>hardement</ets>. See <er>Hardy</er>.]</ety> <def>Hardihood;

boldness; courage; energetic action.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Changing <qex>hardiment</qex> with great Glendower.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Har"di*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capability of endurance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever

Of hardiness is mother.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>They who were not yet grown to the <qex>hardiness</qex> of

avowing the contempt of the king.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hardship; fatigue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hard"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat

hard.</def>



<hw>Hard"-la`bored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wrought

with severe labor; elaborate; studied.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hard"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[AS.<ets>heardlice</ets>. See <er>Hand</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>In a hard or difficult manner; with

difficulty.</def>



<q>Recovering <qex>hardly</qex> what he lost before.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unwillingly; grudgingly.</def>



<q>The House of Peers gave so <qex>hardly</qex> thei<?/

consent.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly.</def>



<q>Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of

being thought good.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Severely; harshly; roughly.</def>



<q>He has in many things been <qex>hardly</qex> used.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Confidently; hardily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Certainly; surely; indeed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hard"-mouthed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not

sensible to the bit; not easily governed; <as>as, a

<ex>hard-mouthed</ex> horse</as>.</def>



<hw>Hard"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>heardness</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or

state of being hard, literally or figuratively.</def>



<q>The habit of authority also had given his manners some

peremptory <qex>hardness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The cohesion of the particles

on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch

another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a

scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The peculiar quality

exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such

water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit

for washing purposes.</def>



<note><hand/ This quality is caused by the presence of calcium

carbonate, causing <xex>temporary hardness</xex> which can be

removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing

<xex>permanent hardness</xex> which can not be so removed, but

may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.</note>



<hw>Har"dock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Hordock</er>.</def>



<hw>Hard"pan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hard

substratum. Same as <cref>Hard pan</cref>, under <er>Hard</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Hards</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>herdes</ets>, AS. <ets>heordan</ets>; <ets>akin to G</ets>.

<ets>hede</ets>.]</ety> <def>The refuse or coarse part of fiax;

tow.</def>



<hw>Hard"-shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising;

strict.</def> <mark>[Collog., U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Hard"ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is

hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hard"spun`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Firmly twisted in

spinning.</def>



<hw>Hard"-tack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name

given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea

bread.</def>



<hw>Hard"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jurel</er>.</def>



<hw>Hard"-vis`aged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a

harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Hard"ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ware made of

metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like;

ironmongery.</def>



<hw>Hard"ware`man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hardwaremen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who makes,

or deals in, hardware.</def>



<hw>Har"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Hardier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Hardiest</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F.<ets>hardi</ets>, p. p. fr. OF. <ets>hardir</ets> to make

bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. <ets>hertan</ets> to harden, G.

<ets>h\'84rten</ets>. See <er>Hard</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolu?e;

intrepid.</def>



<q>Hap helpeth <qex>hardy</qex> man alway.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense,

morally hardened; shameless.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Strong; firm; compact.</def>



<q>[A] blast may shake in pieces his <qex>hardy</qex> fabric.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable

of endurance; <as>as, a <ex>hardy</ex> veteran; a <ex>hardy</ex>

mariner.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Able to withstand the cold of winter.</def>



<note><hand/ Plants which are <xex>hardy</xex> in Virginia may

perish in New England. <xex>Half-hardy</xex> plants are those

which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate

frosts.</note>



<hw>Har"dy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blacksmith's fuller or

chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in

an anvil, called the <xex>hardy hole</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Harry</er>, <er>Harass</er>.]</ety> <def>To excite; to tease,

or worry; to harry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Hare</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hara</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>haas</ets>, G. <ets>hase</ets>, OHG. <ets>haso</ets>,

Dan. \'91 Sw. <ets>hare</ets>, Icel. <ets>h<?/ri</ets>, Skr.

<ets><?/a<?/a</ets>. <?/.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rodent of the genus

<spn>Lepus</spn>, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a

divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps,

and is remarkable for its fecundity.</def>



<note><hand/ The species of hares are numerous. The common

European hare is <spn>Lepustimidus</spn>. The northern or varying

hare of America (<spn>L. Americanus</spn>), and the prairie hare

(<spn>L. campestris</spn>), turn white in winter. In America, the

various species of hares are commonly called

<altname>rabbits</altname>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small constellation

situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus.</def>



<cs><col>Hare and hounds</col>, <cd>a game played by men and

boys, two, called <xex>hares<xex>, having a few minutes' start,

and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being

chased by the others, called the <xex>hounds<xex>, through a wide

circuit.</cd> -- <col>Hare kangaroo</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>.<cd>, a small Australian kangaroo

(<spn>Lagorchestes Leporoides</spn>), resembling the hare in size

and color,</cd> -- <col>Hare's lettuce</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Sonchus</spn>, or sow thistle; --

so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with

heat. <au>Dr. Prior</au>.</cd> -- <col>Jumping hare</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Jumping</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Little chief hare</col>, <or/ <col>Crying

hare</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chief

hare</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea hare</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Aplysia</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hare"bell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A small, slender, branching plant (<spn>Campanula

rotundifolia</spn>), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also,

<spn>Scilla nutans</spn>, which has similar flowers; -- called

also <altname>bluebell</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hairbell</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>E'en the light <qex>harebell</qex> raised its head.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott .</qau>



<-- p. 671 -->



<hw>Hare"'brained`'</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wild;

giddy; volatile; heedless. \'bdA mad <xex>hare-brained</xex>

fellow.\'b8 <au>North (Plutarch)</au></def>. <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hairbrained</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hare"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long, narrow foot, carried (that is,

produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Ochroma

Laqopus</spn>) of the West Indies, having the stamens united

somewhat in the form of a hare's foot.</def>



<cs><col>Harefoot clover</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species

of clover (<spn>Trifolium arvense</spn>) with soft and silky

heads.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hare"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Timorous; timid; easily frightened.</def>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<hw>Hare"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Harrier</er>.</def>



<au>A. Chalmers.</au>



<hw>Har"eld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The long-tailed duck.</def> See

<er>Old Squaw</er>.



<hw>Hare"lip`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lip,

commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular

division like that of a hare.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hare"lipped`</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ha"rem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos><ety>[Ar.<ets>haram</ets>, orig., anything forbidden

of sacred, fr. <ets>harama</ets> to forbid, prohibit.]</ety>

<ety>[Written also <ets>haram</ets> and <ets>hareem</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The apartments or portion of the house allotted

to females in Mohammedan families.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The family of wives and concubines belonging to

one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.</def>



<hw>Ha*ren"gi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hareng</ets> herring (LL.<ets>harengus</ets>) +

<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Herring-shaped.</def>



<hw>Hare's"-ear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Bupleurum

rotundifolium</spn> ); -- so named from the shape of its

leaves.</def>



<au>Dr. Prior.</au>



<hw>Hare's"-foot` fern`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A species of fern (<spn>Davallia Canariensis</spn>) with a

soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name.</def>



<hw>Hare's"-tail`</hw> <pr>(-t<amac/l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of grass (<spn>Eriophorum

vaginatum</spn>). See <cref>Cotton grass</cref>, under

<er>Cotton</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Hare's-tail grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species

of grass (<spn>Lagurus ovatus</spn>) whose head resembles a

hare's tail.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har"fang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hare</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and <er>Fang</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The snowy owl.</def>



<hw>Ha`ri*a"li grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The East Indian name of the <spn>Cynodon Dactylon</spn>;

dog's-grass.</def>



<hw>Har"i*cot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other

vegetables.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common

string bean (<spn>Phaseolus vulgaris</spn>), used as a vegetable.

Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of

haricots.</def>



<hw>Har"i*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Harrier</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha"ri*ka`ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hara-kiri</er>.</def>



<hw>Har`i*o*ia"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ariolation</er>.]</ety> <def>Prognostication;

soothsaying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>Har"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

hare.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<hw>Hark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>herken</ets>. See <er>Hearken</er>.]</ety> <def>To listen;

to hearken.</def> <mark>[Now rare, except in the imperative form

used as an interjection, Hark! listen.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Hark away!</col> <col>Hark back!</col> <col>Hark

forward!</col></mcol> <fld>(Sporting)</fld>, <cd>cries used to

incite and guide hounds in hunting.</cd> -- <col>To hark

back</col>, <cd>to go back for a fresh start, as when one has

wandered from his direct course, or made a digression.</cd>



<q>He must have overshot the mark, and must <qex>hark back</qex>.

<qex>Haggard</qex>.  He <qex>harked back</qex> to the

subject.</q>

<qau>W. E. Norris.</qau></cs>



<hw>Hark"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To

hearken.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Harl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OHG.

<ets>harluf</ets> noose, rope; E. <ets>hards</ets> refuse of

flax.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A filamentous substance;

especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of

a peacock or ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>herl</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Harle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The red-breasted merganser.</def>



<hw>Har"lech group`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[ So called from

<ets>Harlech</ets> in Wales.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A

minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in

Wales.</def>



<hw>Har"le*quin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arlequin</ets>,formerly written also <ets>harlequin</ets>

(cf. It, <ets>arlecchino</ets>), prob. fr. OF.

<ets>hierlekin</ets>, <ets>hellequin</ets>, goblin, elf, which is

prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. <ets>hel</ets> hell. Cf.

<er>Hell</er>, <er>Kin</er>.]</ety> <def>A buffoon, dressed in

party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking,

to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew;

originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy.</def>



<au>Percy Smith.</au>



<q>As dumb <qex>harlequin</qex> is exhibited in our theaters.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<cs><col>Harlequin bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Indian

bat (<spn>Scotophilus ornatus</spn>), curiously variegated with

white spots.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin beetle</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large South American beetle

(<spn>Acrocinus longimanus</spn>) having very long legs and

antenn\'91. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and

gray.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin cabbage bug</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Calicoback</er>.</cd> --

<col>Harlequin caterpillar</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

larva of an American bombycid moth <spn>(Euch\'91tes egle)</spn>

which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of

hair.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a North American duck (<spn>Histrionicus histrionicus</spn>).

The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white.</cd> --

<col>Harlequin moth</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Magpie Moth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin opal</col>. <cd>See

<er>Opal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin snake</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, poisonous snake (<spn>Elaps

fulvius</spn>), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern

United States.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har"le*quin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. i.</pos> <def>To play

the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.</def>



<hw>Har"le*quin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Toremove or conjure

away, as by a harlequin's trick.</def>



<q>And kitten,if the humor hit

Has <qex>harlequined</qex> away the fit.</q>

<qau>M. Green.</qau>



<hw>Har"le*quin*ade`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arleguinade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A play or part of play in

which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a

harlequin.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Har"lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Probably a

corruption either of <xex>charlock or hardock</xex>.</def>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Har"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE.<ets>harlot</ets>, <ets>herlot</ets>, a vagabond, OF.

<ets>harlot</ets>, <ets>herlot</ets>, <ets>arlot</ets>; cf. Pr.

<ets>arlot</ets>, Sp. <ets>arlote</ets>, It. <ets>arlotto</ets>;

of uncertain origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A churl; a common

man; a person, male or female, of low birth.</def>



<au><mark>[Obs.]</mark></au>



<q>He was a gentle <qex>harlot</qex> and a kind.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat;

a rascal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a

prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.</def>



<hw>Har"lot</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wanton; lewd; low;

base.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Har"lot</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the harlot; to

practice lewdness.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Har"lot*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

harlot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Warner.</au>



<hw>Har"lot*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Piers Plowman. Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual

or customary lewdness.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything meretricious; <as>as, <ex>harlotry</ex>

in art</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He sups to-night with <qex>a harlotry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Harm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE.<ets>harm</ets>, <ets>hearm</ets>, AS.<ets>hearm</ets>;

akin to OS. <ets>harm</ets>, G. <ets>harm</ets> grief, Icel.

<ets>harmr</ets>, Dan. <ets>harme</ets>, <ets>Sw</ets>.

<ets>harm</ets>; cf. OSlav. & Russ. <ets>sram'</ets> shame, Skr.

<ets>crama</ets> toil, fatigue.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Injury;

hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which causes injury, damage, or loss.</def>



<q>We, ignorant of ourselves,

Beg often our own <qex>harms</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See

<er>Mischief</er>.</syn>



<hw>Harm</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Harmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Harming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>harmen</ets>, AS.

<ets>hearmian</ets>. See <er>Harm</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong.</def>



<q>Though yet he never <qex>harmed</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>No ground of enmity between us known

Why he should mean me ill or seek to <qex>harm</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Har"ma*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>harmaline</ets> See <er>Harmel</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in the plant

<xex>Peganum harmala</xex>. It forms bitter, yellow salts.</def>



<hw>Har*mat"tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>harmattan</ets>, prob. of Arabic origin.]</ety> <def>A dry,

hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in

December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or

Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the

sun.</def>



<hw>Har"mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>harmal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of rue

(<spn>Ruta sylvestris</spn>) growing in India. At Lahore the

seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation.</def>



<hw>Harm"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of harm;

injurious; hurtful; mischievous.</def> \'bd Most

<xex>harmful</xex> hazards.\'b8



<au>Strype.</au>



--<wordforms><wf>Harm"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Harm"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Har"mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[See

<er>Harmaline</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid

accompanying harmaline (in the <spn>Peganum harmala</spn>), and

obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline

substance.</def>



<hw>Harm"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Free from harm; unhurt; <as>as, to give bond to save another

<ex>harmless</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Free from power or disposition to harm;

innocent; inoffensive.</def> \'bd The <xex>harmless</xex>

deer.\'b8



<au>Drayton</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive;

unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed.</syn>



--<wordforms><wf>Harm"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>-

<wf>Harm"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw><hw>Har*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Har*mon"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>harmonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. F. <ets>harmonique</ets>. See

<er>Harmony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Concordant; musical;

consonant; <as>as, <ex>harmonic</ex> sounds</as>.</def>



<q>Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Relating to harmony, -- as

<xex>melodic</xex> relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating

to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the

predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous

body.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Having relations or

properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical

consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions,

points, lines. motions, and the like.</def>



<cs><col>Harmonic interval</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the

distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant

notes.</cd> -- <col>Harmonical mean</col> <fld>(Arith. &

Alg.)</fld>, <cd>certain relations of numbers and quantities,

which bear an analogy to musical consonances.</cd> --

<col>Harmonic motion</col>, <-- reference to diagram of a circle

with radius having point P on the circle, and a diameter with

point A in the diameter. THe motion of point A, plotted over

time, will describe a sine wave!  --><cd>the motion of the point

A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in

the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly

upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is <xex>simple harmonic

motion</xex>. The combinations, in any way, of two more simple

harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion.  The

motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately

<xex>simple harmonic motion</xex>.</cd> --  <col>Harmonic

proportion</col>. <cd>See under <er>Proportion</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Harmonic series</col> <or/ 

<col>progression</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Progression</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spherical harmonic

analysis</col>, <cd>a mathematical method, sometimes referred to

as that of <xex>Laplace's Coefficients</xex>, which has for its

object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two

independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of

physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical

surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space.

The functions employed in this method are called <xex>spherical

harmonic functions</xex>.</cd> <au>Thomson & Tait</au>. --

<col>Harmonic suture</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>an

articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth

surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in

man; -- called also <altname>harmonic</altname>, and

<altname>harmony</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Harmonic triad</col>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the chord of a note with its third and

fifth; the common chord.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a

multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See

<er>Harmonics</er>.</def>



<hw>Har*mon"i*ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Fem. fr.

L. <ets>harmonicus</ets> harmonic. See <er>Harmonic</er>,

<pos>n.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A musical instrument,

consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by

touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the

tones.</def><-- NOTE: This is now called the "Glass harmonica". 

The modern hand instrument has reeds -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal

hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.</def>



<hw>Har* mon"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In an harmonical manner; harmoniously.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In respect to harmony, as distinguished from

<xex>melody</xex>; <as>as, a passage <ex>harmonically</ex>

correct</as></def>.



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In harmonical

progression.</def>



<hw>Har*mon"i*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small,

flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced

by the vibration of free metallic reeds.</def><-- now called the

harmonica. -->



<hw>Har*mon"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The doctrine or science of musical sounds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Secondary and

less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently

simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the

seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones

produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to

it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate;

overtones.</def>



<hw>Har*mo"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>harmonieux</ets>. See <er>Harmony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each

other; symmetrical.</def>



<q>God hath made the intellectual world <qex>harmonious</qex> and

beautiful without us.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Acting together to a common end; agreeing in

action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; <as>as, an

<ex>harmonious</ex> family</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably

consonant; symphonious.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Har*mo"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Har*mo"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Har*mon"i*phon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/

harmony + <?/ sound.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An obsolete

wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which

resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin

metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube</def>.



<hw>Har"mo*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>harmoniste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who shows the

agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different

authors, as of the four evangelists.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One who understands the

principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in

composition; a musical composer.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Har"mo*nist</hw>, <hw>Har"mo*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a

religious sect, founded in W\'81rtemburg in the last century,

composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all

their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled

in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established,

Harmony.</def>



<hw>Har*mo"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Harmony</er>. ]</ety> <def>A musical instrument, resembling a

small organ and especially designed for church music, in which

the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as

to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made

with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops.</def>



<hw>Har`mo*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of harmonizing.</def>



<hw>Har"mo*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Harmonized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Harmonizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>harmoniser</ets>.

]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To agree in action, adaptation, or

effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; <as>as, the

parts of a mechanism <ex>harmonize</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in peace and friendship, as individuals,

families, or public organizations.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a

concord; <as>as, the tones <ex>harmonize</ex>

perfectly</as>.</def>



<hw>Har"mo*nize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To adjust

in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of;

to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To accompany with harmony; to

provide with parts, as an air, or melody.</def>



<hw>Har"mo*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

harmonizes.</def>



<hw>Har`mo*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ harmony + <ets>meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>harmonometre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring

the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord

furnished with movable bridges.</def>



<hw>Har"mo*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Harmonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[

F.<ets>harmonic</ets>, L. <ets>harmonia</ets>, Gr. <?/ joint,

proportion, concord, fr. <?/ a fitting or joining. See

<er>Article</er>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The just adaptation of

parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or

in things, or things intended to form a connected whole; such an

agreement between the different parts of a design or composition

as to produce unity of effect; <as>as, the <ex>harmony</ex> of

the universe</as>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Concord or agreement in facts, opinions,

manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and

friendship; <as>as, good citizens live in

<ex>harmony</ex></as></def>.



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A literary work which brings together or

arranges systematically parallel passages of historians

respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or

consistency; <as>as, a <ex>harmony</ex> of the

Gospels</as></def>.



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A succession of

chords according to the rules of progression and

modulation</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The science which treats of

their construction and progression.</def>



<q>Ten thousand harps, that tuned

Angelic <qex>harmonies</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Harmonic

suture</cref>, under <er>Harmonic</er>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Close harmony</col>, <col>Dispersed

harmony</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Close</er>,

<er>Dispersed</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Harmony of the

spheres</col>. <cd>See <cref>Music of the spheres</cref>, under

<er>Music</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Harmony</er>, <er>Melody</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Harmony</xex> results from the concord of two or more

strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality.

<xex>Melody</xex> denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of

musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a

single verse or strain.</usage>



<-- p. 672 -->



<hw>Har"most</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>, fr. <?/  to join, arrange, command: cf. F.

<ets>harmoste</ets>. See <er>Harmony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr.

Antiq.)</fld> <def>A governor or prefect appointed by the

Spartans in the cities subjugated by them.</def>



<hw>Har"mo*tome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/  a

joint + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>harmotome</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta,

occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross-stone.</def>



<note><hand/ A related mineral, called <xex>lime harmotome</xex>,

and <xex>Phillipsite</xex>, contains lime in place of

baryta.</note>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>Har"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>harneis</ets>, <ets>harnes</ets>, OF.<ets>harneis</ets>, F.

<ets>harnais</ets>, <ets>harnois</ets>; of Celtic origin; cf.

Armor. <ets>harnez</ets> old iron, armor, W. <ets>haiarn</ets>

iron, Armor. <ets>houarn</ets>, Ir. <ets>iarann</ets>, Gael.

<ets>iarunn</ets>. Gf. <er>Iron</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military

sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor.</def>



<q>At least we 'll die witch <qex>harness</qex> on our back.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The equipment of a draught or carriage horse,

for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with

their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the

warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the

shuttle.</def>



<cs><col>To die in harness</col>, <cd>to die with armor on;

hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or

duty.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har"ness</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Harnessed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Harnessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>harneisen</ets>; cf. F. <ets>harnacher</ets>, OF.

<ets>harneschier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dress in

armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to

array.</def>



<q><qex>Harnessed</qex> in rugged steel.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<q>A gay dagger,

<qex>Harnessed</qex> well and sharp as point of spear.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense.</def>

<au>Dr. H. More</au>.



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make ready for draught; to equip with

harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively.</def>



<q><qex>Harnessed</qex> to some regular profession.</q>

<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>



<cs><col>Harnessed antelope</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Guib</er>.</cd> -- <col>Harnessed moth</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bombycid moth (<spn>Arctia

phalerata</spn> of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes

and bands of buff on a black ground.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har"ness cask`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions

for daily use; -- called also <altname>harness

tub</altname>.</def>



<au>W. C. Russell. </au>



<hw>Har"ness*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

harnesses.</def>



<hw>Harns</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Akin to

Icel.<ets>hjarni</ets>, Dan. <ets>hierne</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

brains.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Harp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>harpe</ets>, AS. <ets>hearpe</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>harp</ets>, G.<ets>harfe</ets>, OHG. <ets>harpha</ets>, Dan.

<ets>harpe</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>harpa</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A musical instrument consisting of a triangular

frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held

upright, and played with the fingers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation;

<xex>Lyra</xex>, or the Lyre.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A grain sieve.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<cs><col>\'92olian harp</col>. <cd>See under

<er>\'92olian</er>.</cd></cs>



<cs><col>Harp seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an arctic

seal (<spn>Phoca Gr\'d2nlandica</spn>). The adult males have a

light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each

side, and the face and throat black. Called also

<altname>saddler</altname>, and <altname>saddleback</altname>.

The immature ones are called <altname>bluesides</altname>. --

<col>Harp shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful

marine gastropod shell of the genus <spn>Harpa</spn>, of several

species, found in tropical seas. See <er>Harpa</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Harp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Harped</er> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Harping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hearpian</ets>. See

<er>Harp</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To play on

the harp.</def>



<q>I heard the voice of harpers, <qex>harping</qex> with their

harps.</q>

<qau>Rev. xiv. 2.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or

monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something

repeatedly or continually; -- usually with <xex>on</xex> or

<xex>upon</xex>.</def> \'bd<xex>Harpings</xex> upon old

themes.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<q><qex>Harping</qex> on what I am,

Not what he knew I was.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To harp on one string</col>, <cd>to dwell upon one

subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence.

<mark>[Collog.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Harp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To play on, as a harp; to

play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by

skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon.</def>



<q>Thou '<qex>harped</qex> my fear aright.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Har"pa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

harp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine

univalve shells; the harp shells; -- so called from the form of

the shells, and their ornamental ribs.</def>



<hw>Har"pa*gon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>harpago</ets>, Gr. <?/ hook, rake.]</ety> <def>A grappling

iron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Harp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hearpere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A player on the

harp; a minstrel.</def>



<q>The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . 

Stand like <qex>harpers</qex> hoar, with beards that rest on

their bosoms.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, --

formerly current in Ireland.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Harp"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

the harp; <as>as, <ex>harping</ex> symphonies</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Harp"ing i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.<ets>harper</ets>

to grasp strongly. See <er>Harpoon</er>.]</ety> <def>A

harpoon.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Harp"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The fore parts of the wales, which

encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the

stem.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>harpins</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Harp"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gf. F.

<ets>harpiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A player on the harp; a

harper.</def>



<au>W. Browne.</au>



<hw>Har*poon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>harpon</ets>, LL. <ets>harpo</ets>, perh. of Ger. origin,

fr. the <ets>harp</ets>; cf. F. <ets>harper</ets> to take and

grasp strongly, <ets>harpe</ets> a dog's claw, <ets>harpin</ets>

boathook (the sense of <ets>hook</ets> coming from the shape of

the harp); but cf. also Gr. <?/ the kite, sickle, and E.

<ets>harpy</ets>. Cf. <er>Harp</er>.]</ety> <def>A spear or

javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping

iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular

head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or

discharged from a gun.</def>



<cs><col>Harpoon fork</col>, <cd>a kind of hayfork, consisting of

bar with hinged barbs at one end a loop for a rope at the other

end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power.</cd> --

<col>Harpoon gun</col>, <cd>a gun used in the whale fishery for

shooting the harpoon into a whale.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har*poon"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Harpooned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Harpooning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike, catch,

or kill with a harpoon.</def>



<hw>Har`poon*eer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

harpooner.</def>



<au>Grabb.</au>



<hw>Har*poon`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gf. F.

<ets>harponneur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who throws the

harpoon.</def>



<hw>Harp`ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

harper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Harp"si*chon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

harpsichord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Harp"si*chord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>harpechorde</ets>, in which the <ets>harpe</ets> is of

German origin. See <er>Harp</er>, and <er>Chord</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A harp-shaped instrument of music set

horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire,

played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills,

instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now

superseded by the piano.</def>



<hw>Har"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Harpies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>harpie</ets>, L. <ets>harpyia</ets>, Gr. <?/, from the root

of <?/ to snatch, to seize. Gf. <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous winged

monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the

body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with

hunger. Some writers mention two, others three.</def>



<q>Both table and provisions vanished guite.

With sound of <qex>harpies'</qex> wings and talons heard.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is rapacious or ravenous; an

extortioner.</def>



<q>The <qex>harpies</qex> about all pocket the pool.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European

moor buzzard or marsh harrier (<spn>Circus

\'91ruginosus</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large and

powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle

(<spn>Thrasa\'89tus harpyia</spn>). It ranges from Texas to

Brazil.</def>



<cs><col>Harpy bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>An East Indian fruit bat of the genus <spn>Harpyia</spn>

(esp. <spn>H. cerphalotes</spn>), having prominent, tubular

nostrils.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small, insectivorous Indian bat

(<spn>Harpiocephalus harpia</spn>).</cd></cs>



<cs><col>Harpy fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the house

fly.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Har"que*bus</hw>, <hw>Har"que*buse</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Arquebus</er>.]</ety>

<def>A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in

the second half of the 15th century. the barrel was about forty

inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called

<xex>arquebus with matchlock</xex>.</def>



<hw>Har"rage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>v. t..</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Harry</er>.]</ety> <def>To harass; to plunder from.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Har"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., fr. AS.

<ets>heorr</ets>, <ets>hior</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hinge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Har"ri*dan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>haridelle</ets> a worn-out horse, jade.]</ety> <def>A

worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag.</def>



<q>Such a weak, watery, wicked old <qex>harridan</qex>,

substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Har"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hare</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting

hares.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>harier</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Har"ri*er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Harry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who harries.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of

hawks or buzzards of the genus <spn>Circus</spn> which fly low

and <xex>harry</xex> small animals or birds, -- as the European

marsh harrier (<spn>Circus \'91runginosus</spn>), and the hen

harrier (<spn>C. cyaneus</spn>).</def>



<cs><col>Harrier hawk</col><cd>(<?/), one of several species of

American hawks of the genus <spn>Micrastur</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>harowe</ets>, <ets>harwe</ets>, AS. <ets>hearge</ets>; cf.

D. <ets>hark</ets> rake, G. <ets>harke</ets>, Icel.

<ets>herfi</ets> harrow, Dan. <ets>harve</ets>, Sw.

<ets>harf</ets>. <ets><?/</ets><?/<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or

metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It

is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to

stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An obstacle formed by turning

an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried.</def>



<cs><col>Bush harrow</col>, <cd>a kind of light harrow made of

bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to

finish the work of a toothed harrow.</cd> -- <col>Drill

harrow</col>. <cd>See under 6th <er>Drill</er>.</cd> --

<col>Under the harrow</col>, <cd>subjected to actual torture with

a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or

oppression.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har"row</hw>, <pos>v. t..</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Harrowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Harrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>harowen</ets>, <ets>harwen</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>harve</ets>.

See <er>Harrow</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and

leveling the surface, or for covering seed; <as>as, to

<ex>harrow</ex> land</as>.</def>



<q>Will he <qex>harrow</qex> the valleys after thee?</q>

<qau>Job xxxix. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to

lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex.</def>



<q>My aged muscles <qex>harrowed</qex> up with whips.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<q>I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word

Would <qex>harrow</qex> up thy soul.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Har"row</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>harau</ets>,

<ets>haro</ets>; fr. OHG. <ets>hara</ets>, <ets>hera</ets>,

<ets>herot</ets>, or fr. OS. <ets>herod</ets> hither, akin to E.

<ets>here</ets>.]</ety> <def>Help! Halloo! An exclamation of

distress; a call for succor;-the ancient Norman hue and

cry.</def> \'bd<xex>Harrow</xex> and well away!\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q><qex>Harrow</qex>! alas! here lies my fellow slain.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Har"row</hw>, <pos>v. t..</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Harry</er>.]</ety> <def>To pillage; to harry; to

oppress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Meaning thereby to <qex>harrow</qex> his people.</q>

<qau>Bacon</qau>



<hw>Har"row*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

harrows.</def>



<hw>Har"row*er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who harries.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Har"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t..</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Harried</er><pr>(

?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Harrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>harwen</ets>,

<ets>herien</ets>, <ets>her<?/ien</ets>, AS. <ets>hergisn</ets>

to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. <ets>here</ets> army;

akin to G. <ets>here</ets> army; akin to G. <ets>heer</ets>,

<ets>Icel</ets>. <ets>herr</ets>, Goth. <ets>harjis</ets>, and

Lith. <ets>karas</ets> war. Gf. <er>Harbor</er>, <er>Herald</er>,

<er>Heriot</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To strip; to lay waste; <as>as, the Northmen

came several times and <ex>harried</ex> the land</as>.</def>



<q>To <qex>harry this beautiful region</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<q>A red squirrel had <qex>harried</qex> the nest of a wood

thrush.</q>

<qau>J. Burroughs.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to

harass.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease;

worry; annoy; harass.</syn>



<hw>Har"ry</hw>, <pos>v. i..</pos> <def>To make a predatory

incursion; to plunder or lay waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. &  Fl.</au>



<hw>Harsh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Harsher</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Harshest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>harsk</ets>; akin to G. <ets>harsch</ets>, Dan.

<ets>harsk</ets> rancid, Sw. <ets>h\'84rsk</ets>; from the same

source as E. <ets>hard</ets>. See <er>Hard</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rough; disagreeable;

grating; esp.:(a) To the touch.\'bd<xex>Harsh</xex> sand.\'b8

<xex>Boyle</xex>. <sd>(b)</sd> To the taste. \'bdBerries

<xex>harsh</xex> and crude.\'b8 <xex>Milton</xex>. (c) To the

ear. \'bd<xex>Harsh</xex> din.\'b8 <xex>Milton</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities;

austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.</def>



<q>Clarence is so <qex>harsh</qex>, so blunt.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Though <qex>harsh</qex> the precept, yet the charmed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Painting, Drawing, etc.)</fld> <def>Having

violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in

harmony.</def>



<hw>Harsh"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a harsh manner;

gratingly; roughly; rudely.</def>



<q>'T will sound <qex>harshly</qex> in her ears.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Harsh"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being harsh.</def>



<q>O, she is

Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed,

And he's composed of <qex>harshness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>'Tis not enough no <qex>harshness</qex> gives offense,

The sound must seem an echo to the sense.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness.

See <er>Acrimony</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hars"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Haslet</er>.</def>



<hw>Hart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE.<ets>hart</ets>, <ets>hert</ets>, <ets>heort</ets>, AS.

<ets>heort</ets>, <ets>heorot</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hert</ets>,

OHG. <ets>hiruz</ets>, <ets>hirz</ets>, <ets>G</ets>.

<ets>hirsch</ets>, Icel. <ets>hj\'94rtr</ets>, Dan. & Sw.

<ets>hjort</ets>, L. <ets>cervus</ets>, and prob. to Gr.<?/

horned, <?/ horn. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stag; the male of the red deer. See

the Note under <er>Buck</er>.</def>



<q>Goodliest of all the forest, <qex>hart</qex> and hind.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hart"beest`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>hertebeest</ets>. See <er>Hart</er>, and

<er>Beast</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South

African antelope (<spn>Alcelaphus caama</spn>), formerly much

more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with

black, the rump with white.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hartebeest</asp>, and <asp>hartebest</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hart"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hearten;

to encourage; to incite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hart"ford</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Hartford

grape, a variety of grape first raised at <xex>Hartford</xex>,

Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-colored

berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.</def>



<hw>Hart"s` clo`ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Melilot or sweet clover. See <er>Melilot</er>.</def>



<hw>Hart's`-ear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Asiatic species of <spn>Cacalia</spn>

(<spn>C. Kleinia</spn>), used medicinally in India.</def>



<hw>Harts"horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile

salts.</def>



<cs><col>Hartshorn plantain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an

annual species of plantain (<spn>Plantago Coronopus</spn>); --

called also <altname>duck's-horn</altname>.  <au>Booth</au>.</cd>

-- <col>Hartshorn shavings</col>, <cd>originally taken from the

horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the

bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly. 

<au>Hebert</au>.</cd> -- <col>Salt of hartshorn</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an impure solid carbonate of ammonia,

obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any

kind of bone; volatile salts.</cd> <au>Brande & C.</au>--

<col>Spirits of hartshorn</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly

obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation.

Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the

same name.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 673 -->



<hw>Hart"-tongue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A common British fern

(<spn>Scolopendrium vulgare</spn>), rare in America.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A West Indian fern, the <spn>Polypodium

Phyllitidis</spn> of Linn\'91us. It is also found in

Florida.</def>



<hw>Hart"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (<spn>Tordylium

maximum</spn>).</def>



<note><hand/ The name is often vaguely given to other plants of

the same order, as species of <spn>Seseli</spn> and

<spn>Bupleurum</spn>.</note>



<hw>Har"um-scar"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>hare</ets>,<pos>v. t.</pos>, and <ets>scare</ets>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Wild; giddy; flighty; rash;

thoughtless.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a

<qex>harum-scarum</qex> lad.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Haruspicy</er>.</def>



<au>Tylor.</au>



<hw>Ha*rus"pice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>haruspex</ets>.]</ety> <def>A diviner of ancient Rome. Same

as <er>Aruspice</er>.</def>



<hw>Ha*rus"pi*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or

practices of haruspices. See <er>Aruspicy</er>.</def>



<hw>Har"vest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>harvest</ets>, <ets>hervest</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91rfest</ets>

autumn; akin to LG. <ets>harfst</ets>, D. <ets>herfst</ets>, OHG.

<ets>herbist</ets>, G. <ets>herbst</ets>, and prob. to L.

<ets>carpere</ets> to pluck, Gr. <?/ fruit. Cf.

<er>Carpet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The gathering of a crop

of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of

gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn.</def>



<q>Seedtime and <qex>harvest</qex> . . . shall not cease.</q>

<qau>Gen viii. 22.</qau>



<q>At <qex>harvest</qex>, when corn is ripe.</q>

<qau>Tyndale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or

gath<?/<?/ed; a crop, as of grain (wheat, maize, etc.), or

fruit.</def>



<q>Put ye in the sickle, for the <qex>harvest</qex> is ripe.</q>

<qau>Joel iii. 13.</qau>



<q>To glean the broken ears after the man

That the main <qex>harvest</qex> reaps.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The product or result of any exertion or labor;

gain; reward.</def>



<q>The pope's principal <qex>harvest</qex> was in the

jubilee.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>The <qex>harvest</qex> of a quiet eye.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<cs><col>Harvest fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine

fish of the Southern United States (<spn>Stromateus

alepidotus</spn>); -- called <altname>whiting</altname> in

Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish.</cd> -- <col>Harvest

fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an hemipterous insect of the

genus <spn>Cicada</spn>, often called <altname>locust</altname>.

See <er>Cicada</er>.</cd> -- <col>Harvest lord</col>, <cd>the

head reaper at a harvest. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Tusser</au>.</cd> -- <col>Harvest mite</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a minute European mite (<spn>Leptus

autumnalis</spn>), of a bright crimson color, which is

troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals;

-- called also <altname>harvest louse</altname>, and

<altname>harvest bug</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Harvest moon</col>,

<cd>the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or

about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle

that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises

nearly at the same hour for several days.</cd> -- <col>Harvest

mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small European

field mouse (<spn>Mus minutus</spn>). It builds a globular nest

on the stems of wheat and other plants.</cd> -- <col>Harvest

queen</col>, <cd>an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried

about on the last day of harvest. <au>Milton</au>.</cd> --

<col>Harvest spider</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Daddy longlegs</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Har"vest</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Harvested</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Harvesting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To reap or gather, as any

crop.</def>



<hw>Har"vest*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain;

a reaper.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A harvesting ant.</def>



<hw>Har"vest-home"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of

harvest.</def>



<q>Showed like a stubble land at <qex>harvest-home</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The song sung by reapers at the feast made at

the close of the harvest; the feast itself.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in

the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in

the United States.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The opportunity of gathering treasure.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Har"vest-ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos><def>, from

<er>Harvest</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<cs><col>Harvesting ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any

species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many

species are known.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine

are <spn>Aphenogaster structor</spn> and <spn>A. barbara</spn>;

that of Texas, called <stype>agricultural ant</stype>, is

<spn>Pogonomyrmex barbatus</spn> or <spn>Myrmica

molifaciens</spn>; that of Florida is <spn>P. crudelis</spn>. See

<cref>Agricultural ant</cref>, under

<er>Agricultural</er>.</note>



<hw>Har"vest*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without harvest;

lacking in crops; barren.</def> \'bd<xex>Harvestless</xex>

autumns.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Har"vest*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Harvestmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>/def>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man engaged in harvesting.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Daddy

longlegs</er>, 1.</def>



<hw>Har"vest*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

harvesting; also, that which is harvested.</def>



<au>Swinburne.</au>



<hw>Har"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>harier</ets> to harass, or E. <ets>harry</ets>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To draw; to drag; to carry off by

vio<?/ence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Has</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>3d pers. sing. pres.</pos>

of <er>Have</er>.</def>



<hw>Has"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hazard.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hase</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Haze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Hash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly

<ets>hachey</ets>, <ets>hachee</ets>, F. <ets>hachis</ets>, <?/. 

<ets>hacher</ets> to hash; of German origin; cf. G.

<ets>hippe</ets> sickle, OHG. <ets>hippa</ets>, for

<ets>happia</ets>. Cf. <er>Hatchet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables,

especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small

pieces and mixed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A new mixture of old matter; a second

preparation or exhibition.</def>



<q>I can not bear elections, and still less the <qex>hash</qex>

of them over again in a first session.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<hw>Hash</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hashed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Hash</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>: cf. F. <ets>hacher</ets> to hash.]</ety> <def>To

<?/hop into small pieces; to mince and mix; <as>as, to

<ex>hash</ex> meat</as>.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hash"eesh</hw>, <hw>Hash"ish</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>hash\'c6sh</ets>.]</ety> <def>A slightly acrid gum resin

produced by the common hemp (<spn>Cannabis saltiva</spn>), of the

variety <spn>Indica</spn>, when cultivated in a warm climate;

also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is

obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for

its intoxicating effect. See <er>Bhang</er>, and

<er>Ganja</er>.</def>



<hw>Hask</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hassock</er>.]</ety> <def>A basket made of rushes or flags,

as for carrying fish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Has"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>h\'83telettes</ets> broil, for <ets>hastelettes</ets>, fr.

F. <ets>haste</ets> spit; cf. L. <ets>hasta</ets> spear, and also

OHG. <ets>harst</ets> gridiron.]</ety> <def>The edible viscera,

as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>harslet</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hasp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hasp</ets>, <ets>hesp</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91pse</ets>; akin

to G. <ets>haspe</ets>, <ets>h\'84spe</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>haspe</ets>, Icel. <ets>hespa</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently

fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a

staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic

hook for fastening a door.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk

on.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument for cutting the surface of grass

land; a scarifier.</def>



<hw>Hasp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hasped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hasping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'91psian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shut or fasten with a

hasp.</def>



<hw>Has"sock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>hassock</ets>, <ets>hassik</ets>, a besom, anything bushy, a

large, round turf used as a seat, OE. <ets>hassok</ets> sedgy

ground, W. <ets>hesgog</ets> sedgy, <ets>hesg</ets> sedge,

rushes; cf. Ir. <ets>seisg</ets>, and E. <ets>sedge</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock.</def>



<au>Forby.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for

kneeling on in church, or for home use.</def>



<q>And knees and <qex>hassocks</qex> are well nigh divorced.</q>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Hast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, 2<xex>d pers</xex>.

<xex>sing</xex>. <xex>pres</xex>. of. <er>Fave</er>, contr. of

<xex>havest</xex>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Has"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Has"ta*ted</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>hastatus</ets>, fr.

<ets>hasta</ets> spear. Cf. <er>Gad</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the

basal angles or lobes spreading; <as>as, a <ex>hastate</ex>

leaf</as>.</def>



<hw>Haste</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hast</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haast</ets>, G., Dan., Sw., &

OFries. <ets>hast</ets>, cf. OF. <ets>haste</ets>, F.

<ets>h\'83te</ets> (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root of

E. <ets>hate</ets> in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See

<er>Hate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Celerity of motion; speed;

swiftness; dispatch; expedition; -- applied only to voluntary

beings, as men and other animals.</def>



<q>The king's business required <qex>haste</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xxi. 8.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being urged or pressed by business;

hurry; urgency; sudden excitement of feeling or passion;

precipitance; vehemence.</def>



<q>I said in my <qex>haste</qex>, All men are liars.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxvi. 11.</qau>



<cs><col>To make haste</col>, <cd>to hasten.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition;

dispatch; hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Haste</er>, <er>Hurry</er>, <er>Speed</er>,

<er>Dispatch</er>. <xex>Haste</xex> denotes quickness of action

and a strong desire for getting on; <xex>hurry</xex> includes a

confusion and want of collected thought not implied in

<xex>haste</xex>; <xex>speed</xex> denotes the actual progress

which is made; <xex>dispatch</xex>, the promptitude and rapidity

with which things are done. A man may properly be in

<xex>haste</xex>, but never in a <xex>hurry</xex>.

<xex>Speed</xex> usually secures <xex>dispatch</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Haste</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hasted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hasten</ets>; akin

to G. <ets>hasten</ets>, D. <ets>haasten</ets>, Dan.

<ets>haste</ets>, Sw. <ets>hasta</ets>, OF. <ets>haster</ets>, F.

<ets>h\'83ter</ets>. See <er>Haste</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To hasten; to hurry.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>I 'll <qex>haste</qex> the writer.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>They were troubled and <qex>hasted</qex> away.</q>

<qau>Ps. xlviii. 5.</qau>



<hw>Has"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hastened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hastening</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To press; to drive or urge

forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate the movement

of; to expedite; to hurry.</def>



<q>I would <qex>hasten</qex> my escape from the windy storm.</q>

<qau>Ps. lv. 8.</qau>



<hw>Has"ten</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move celerity; to be

rapid in motion; to act speedily or quickly; to go quickly.</def>



<q>I <qex>hastened</qex> to the spot whence the noise came.</q>

<qau>D<?/ Foe.</qau>



<hw>Has"ten*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who hastens.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which hastens; especially, a stand or

reflector used for confining the heat of the fire to meat while

roasting before it.</def>



<hw>Has"tif</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF. See

<er>Hastive</er>.]</ety> <def>Hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Has"tif*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Has"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hasta</ets> a spear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Hastate</er>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Has"ti*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hasty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In haste; with speed or

quickness; speedily; nimbly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without due reflection; precipitately;

rashly.</def>



<q>We <qex>hastily</qex> engaged in the war.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Passionately; impatiently.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Has"ti*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of

temper.</def>



<hw>Has"tings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Haste</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>Early fruit or

vegetables; especially, early pease.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Has"tings sands"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>The lower group of the Wealden formation; -- so called from

its development around <xex>Hastings</xex>, in Sussex,

England.</def>



<hw>Has"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>hastif</ets>. See <er>Haste</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Hastif</er>.]</ety> <def>Forward; early; -- said of

fruits.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Has"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Hastier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Hastiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to

D. <ets>haastig</ets>, G., Sw., & Dan. <ets>hastig</ets>. See

<er>Haste</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Involving

haste; done, made, etc., in haste; <as>as, a <ex>hasty</ex>

sketch</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Demanding haste or immediate action.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>. \'bd<xex>Hasty</xex>

employment.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry;

hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash;

easily excited; eager.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Made or reached without deliberation or due

caution; <as>as, a <ex>hasty</ex> conjecture, inference,

conclusion, etc., a <ex>hasty</ex> resolution.</as></def>



<sn>5.<sn> <def>Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick

temper.</def>



<q>Take no unkindness of his <qex>hasty</qex> words.</q>

<qau>Shak</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Forward; early; first ripe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAs the <xex>hasty</xex> fruit before the

summer.\'b8



<qau>Is. xxviii. 4.</qau>



<hw>Has"ty pud"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thick

batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling water;

mush.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal,

stirred into boiling water or milk.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Hat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hot.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hat</hw>, <def><pos>sing. pres.</pos> of <er>Hote</er> to be

called. Cf.</def> <er>Hatte</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThat

one <xex>hat</xex> abstinence.\'b8



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<hw>Hat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'91t</ets>, <ets>h\'91tt</ets>; akin to Dan.

<ets>hat</ets>, Sw. <ets>hatt</ets>, Icel. <ets>hattr</ets> a

hat, <ets>h\'94ttr</ets> hood, D. <ets>hoed</ets> hat, G.

<ets>hut</ets>, OHG. <ets>huot</ets>, and prob. to L.

<ets>cassis</ets> helmet. <?/<?/<?/. Cf.<er>Hood</er>.]</ety>

<def>A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim,

made of various materials, and worn by men or women for

protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for

ornament.</def>



<cs><col>Hat block</col>, <cd>a block on which hats are formed or

dressed.</cd> -- <col>To pass around the hat</col>, <cd>to take

up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often

received in a hat. <mark>[Collog.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Hat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being, or deserving to be,

hated; odious; detestable.</def>



<hw>Hat"band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A band round

the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape,

etc., worn as a badge of mourning.</def>



<hw>Hat"box`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A box for a

hat.</def>



<hw>Hatch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hatched</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hatching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>hacher</ets> to

chop, hack. See <er>Hash</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cross

with lines in a peculiar manne<?/ in drawing and engraving. See

<er>Hatching</er>.</def>



<q>Shall win this sword, silvered and <qex>hatched</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<q>Those <qex>hatching</qex> strokes of the pencil.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His weapon <qex>hatched</qex> in blood.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hacchen</ets>,

<ets>hetchen</ets>; akin to G. <ets>hecken</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hekke</ets>; cf. MHG. <ets>hagen</ets> bull; perh. akin to

E. <ets>hatch</ets> a half door, and orig. meaning, to produce

under a hatch. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To produce, as

young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat;

to produce young from (eggs); <as>as, the young when

<ex>hatched</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Paley.</au>



<q>As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and <qex>hatcheth</qex> them

not.</q>

<qau>Jer. xvii. 11.</qau>



<q>For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in

a certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them

and <qex>hatch</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and

bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; <as>as,

to <ex>hatch</ex> mischief; to <ex>hatch</ex> heresy.</as></def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<q>Fancies <qex>hatched</qex>

In silken-folded idleness.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To produce young; -- said

of eggs; to come forth from the egg; -- said of the young of

birds, fishes, insects, etc.</def>



<hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

hatching.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Development; disclosure; discovery.</def>



<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The chickens produced at once or by one

incubation; a brood.</def>



<hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hacche</ets>, AS.

<ets>h\'91c</ets>, cf. <ets>haca</ets> the bar of a door, D.

<ets>hek</ets> gate, Sw. <ets>h\'84ck</ets> coop, rack, Dan.

<ets>hekke</ets> manger, rack. Prob. akin to E. <ets>hook</ets>,

and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf.

<er>Heck</er>, <er>Hack</er> a frame.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with

spikes on the upper edge.</def>



<q>In at the window, or else o'er the <qex>hatch</qex>.</q>



<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A frame or weir in a river, for catching

fish.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A flood gate; a a sluice gate.</def>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A bedstead.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a

warehouse which serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway;

also; a cover or door, or one of the covers used in closing such

an opening.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An opening into, or in

search of, a mine.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Booby hatch</col>, <col>Buttery hatch</col>,

<col>Companion hatch</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under

<er>Booby</er>, <er>Buttery</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>To batten

down the hatches</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lay tarpaulins

over them, and secure them with battens.</cd> -- <col>To be under

hatches</col>, <cd>to be confined below in a vessel; to be under

arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To close with a hatch or

hatches.</def>



<q>'T were not amiss to keep our door <qex>hatched</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak</qau>



<hw>Hatch"-boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel whose deck consists almost

wholly of movable hatches; -- used mostly in the fisheries.</def>



<hw>Hatch"el</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hechele</ets>, <ets>hekele</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>hekel</ets>, G. <ets>hechel</ets>, Dan. <ets>hegle</ets>,

Sw. <ets>h\'84kla</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>hook</ets>. See

<er>Hook</er>, and cf. <er>Hackle</er>, <er>Heckle</er>.]</ety>

<def>An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for

cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a

kind of large comb; -- called also <altname>hackle</altname> and

<altname>heckle</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hatch"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hatcheled</er> or <er>Hatchelled</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hatcheling</er> or

<er>Hatchelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hechelen</ets>,

<ets>hekelen</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hekelen</ets>, G.

<ets>hecheln</ets>, Dan. <ets>hegle</ets>, Sw.

<ets>h\'84kla</ets>. See <er>Hatchel</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax

or hemp, so as to separate the coarse and refuse parts from the

fine, fibrous parts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tease; to worry; to torment.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Hatch"el*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

uses a hatchel.</def>



<hw>Hatch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching

apparatus; an incubator.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who contrives or originates; a

plotter.</def>



<q>A great <qex>hatcher</qex> and breeder of business.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Hatch"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house for

hatching fish, etc.</def>



<hw>Hatch"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hachette</ets>, dim. of <ets>hache</ets> <?/. See 1st

<er>Hatch</er>, <er>Hash</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small ax

with a short handle, to be used with one hand.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a tomahawk.</def>



<q>Buried was the bloody <qex>hatchet</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<-- p. 674 -->



<cs><col>Hatchet face</col>, <cd>a thin, sharp face, like the

edge of a hatchet</cd>; hence: <col>Hatchet-faced</col>,

<cd>sharp-visaged.  <au>Dryden</au>.</cd> -- <col>To bury the

hatchet</col>, <cd>to make peace or become reconciled.</cd> --

<col>To take up the hatchet</col>, <cd>to make or declare war.

The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the

American Indians.</cd></cs>



<-- <hw>Hatchet man</hw> 1. A person hired to murder or

physically attack another; a hit man. 2. A person who

deliberately tries to ruin the reputation of another, often

unscrupulously, by slander or other malicious communication,

often with political motive, and sometimes for pay. -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Hatch"et*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hatch"et*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Named after the discoverer, Charles

<ets>Hatchett</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Mineral t<?/

low; a waxy or spermaceti-like substance, commonly of a greenish

yellow color.</def>



<hw>Hatch"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Hatch</er>.]</ety> <def>A mode of execution in engraving,

drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by

lines crossing each other at angles more or less acute; -- called

also <altname>crosshatching</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hatch"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupt.

fr. <ets>achievement</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A sort of panel, upon which

the arms of a deceased person are temporarily displayed, --

usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is lozenge-shaped or

square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in England as a means

of giving public notification of the death of the deceased, his

or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc. Called also

<altname>achievement</altname>.</def>



<q>His obscure funeral;

No trophy, sword, or <qex>hatchment</qex> o'er his bones.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sword or other mark of the profession of arms;

in general, a mark of dignity.</def>



<q>Let there be deducted, out of our main potation,

Five marks in <qex>hatchments</qex> to adorn this thigh.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Hatch"ure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hachure</er>.</def>



<hw>Hatch"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A square or

oblong opening in a deck or floor, affording passage from one

deck or story to another; the entrance to a cellar.</def>



<hw>Hate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hated</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>haten</ets>, <ets>hatien</ets>, AS. hatian; akin to OS.

<ets>hatan</ets>, <ets>hat<?/n</ets> to be hostile to, D.

<ets>haten</ets> to hate, OHG. <ets>hazz<?/n</ets>,

<ets>hazz<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>hassen</ets>, Icel. & Sw.

<ets>hata</ets>, Dan. <ets>hade</ets>, Goth. <ets>hatan</ets>,

<ets>hatian</ets>. <ets><?/<?/<?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Hate</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Heinous</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To have a great aversion to, with a strong

desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling

is directed; to dislike intensely; to detest; <as>as, to

<ex>hate</ex> one's enemies; to <ex>hate</ex>

hypocrisy.</as></def>



<q>Whosoever <qex>hateth</qex> his brother is a murderer.</q>

<qau>1 John iii. 15.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive,

or a substantive clause with <xex>that</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>hate</ex> to get into debt; to <ex>hate</ex> that anything

should be wasted.</as></def>



<q>I <qex>hate</qex> that he should linger here.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>To love less,

relatively.</def>



<au>Luke xiv. 26.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Hate</er>, <er>Abhor</er>, <er>Detest</er>,

<er>Abominate</er>, <er>Loathe</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Hate</xex> is the generic word, and implies that one is

inflamed with extreme dislike. We <xex>abhor</xex> what is deeply

repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We <xex>detest</xex>

what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments

that we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we

<xex>abominate</xex> does equal violence to our moral and

religious sentiments. What we <xex>loathe</xex> is offensive to

our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior is said

to have <xex>hated</xex> the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his

language shows that he <xex>loathed</xex> the lukewarmness of the

Laodiceans; he <xex>detested</xex> the hypocrisy of the scribes

and Pharisees; he <xex>abhorred</xex> the suggestions of the

tempter in the wilderness.</usage>



<hw>Hate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hate</ets>,

<ets>hete</ets>, AS. <ets>hete</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haat</ets>,

G. <ets>hass</ets>, Icel. <ets>hatr</ets>, SW. <ets>hat</ets>,

Dan. <ets>had</ets>, Goth. <ets>hatis</ets>. Cf. <er>Hate</er>,

<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>Strong aversion coupled with desire

that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is

directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike; hatred;

detestation; -- opposed to <xex>love</xex>.</def>



<q>For in a wink the false love turns to <qex>hate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Hate"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent.</def>

<mark>[Archaic or R.]</mark>



<q>And worse than death, to view with <qex>hateful</qex> eyes

His rival's conquest.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion,

or disgust; odious.</def>



<q>Unhappy, wretched, <qex>hateful</qex> day!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable;

loathsome; abhorrent; repugnant; malevolent.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hate"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hate"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hat"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hateful;

detestable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hates.</def>



<q>An enemy to God, and a <qex>hater</qex> of all good.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Hath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>3d pers. sing. pres.</pos>

<mord>of <er>Have</er>, contracted from <xex>haveth</xex></mord>.

<def>Has.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<hw>Hat"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

hat.</def>



<hw>Hat"rack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hatstand;

hattree.</def>



<hw>Ha"tred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hatred</ets>, <ets>hatreden</ets>. See <er>Hate</er>, and

cf. <er>Kindred</er>.]</ety> <def>Strong aversion; intense

dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something

regarded as evil.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity;

malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing;

abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See <er>Odium</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hat"stand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stand of

wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats,

etc.</def>



<hw>Hat`te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>pres. & imp. sing. &

pl.</pos> of <er>Hote</er>, to be called. See

<er>Hote</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>A full perilous place, purgatory it <qex>hatte</qex>.</q>

<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>



<hw>Hat"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with a

hat.</def>



<hw>Hat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.,

to entangle; cf. LG. ver<ets>haddern</ets>,

ver<ets>heddern</ets>, ver<ets>hiddern</ets>.]</ety> <def>To tire

or worry; -- <xex>out</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hat"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes or sells

hats.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hat*te"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A New Zealand lizard,

which, in anatomical character, differs widely from all other

existing lizards. It is the only living representative of the

order Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are

known; -- called also <altname>Sphenodon</altname>, and

<altname>Tuatera</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hat"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business

of making hats; also, stuff for hats.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hat"ti-sher`if</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Turk., fr. Ar. <ets>knatt</ets> a writing +

<ets>sher\'c6f</ets> noble.]</ety> <def>A irrevocable Turkish

decree countersigned by the sultan.</def>



<hw>Hat"tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

hatstand.</def>



<hw>Hau*ber"ge*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Habergeon</er>.</def>



<hw>Hau"berk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>hauberc</ets>, <ets>halberc</ets>, F.<ets>haubert</ets>,

OHG. <ets>halsberc</ets>; <ets>hals</ets> neck +

<ets>bergan</ets> to protect, G. <ets>bergen</ets>; akin to AS.

<ets>healsbeorg</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'belsbj\'94rg</ets>. See

<er>Collar</er>, and <er>Bury</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the

European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is

shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used

synonymously with <xex>habergeon</xex>. See

<er>Habergeon</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written variously

<asp>hauberg</asp>, <asp>hauberque</asp>, <asp>hawberk</asp>,

etc.]</altsp>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Helm, nor <qex>hawberk's</qex> twisted mail.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<hw>Hau"er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after

Von <ets>Hauer</ets>, of Vienna.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Native sulphide of manganese a reddish brown or brownish

black mineral.</def>



<hw>Haugh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Haw</er>

a hedge.]</ety> <def>A low-lying meadow by the side of a

river.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<q>On a <qex>haugh</qex> or level plain, near to a royal

borough.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Haught</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>High; elevated; hence, haughty;

proud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Haugh"ti*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>In a haughty manner;

arrogantly.</def>



<hw>Haugh"ti*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>hauteinness</ets>. See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>The

quality of being haughty; disdain; arrogance.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness;

superciliousness; loftiness.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Haughtiness</er>, <er>Arrogance</er>, <er>Disdain</er>.

<xex>Haughtiness</xex> denotes the expression of conscious and

proud superiority; <xex>arrogance</xex> is a disposition to claim

for one's self more than is justly due, and enforce it to the

utmost; <xex>disdain</xex> in the exact reverse of condescension

toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to feel

how far below ourselves we consider them. A person is

<xex>haughty</xex> in disposition and demeanor;

<xex>arrogant</xex> in his claims of homage and deference;

<xex>disdainful</xex> even in accepting the deference which his

<xex>haughtiness</xex> leads him <xex>arrogantly</xex> to

exact.</usage>



<hw>Haugh"ty</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Haughtier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Haughtiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hautein</ets>,

F. <ets>hautain</ets>, fr. <ets>haut</ets> high, OF. also

<ets>halt</ets>, fr. L. <ets>altus</ets>. See

<er>Altitude</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>High; lofty; bold.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Archaic]</mark>



<q>To measure the most <qex>haughty</qex> mountain's height.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Equal unto this <qex>haughty</qex> enterprise.</q>

<qau>Spenser</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant;

overbearing.</def>



<q>A woman of a <qex>haughty</qex> and imperious nature.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Indicating haughtiness; <as>as, a

<ex>haughty</ex> carriage</as></def>.



<q>Satan, with vast and <qex>haughty</qex> strides advanced,

Came towering.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Haul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hauled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hauling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>halen</ets>, <ets>halien</ets>, F. <?/aler, of

German or Scand. origin; akin to AS. <ets>geholian</ets> to

acquire, get, D. <ets>halen</ets> to fetch, pull, draw, OHG.

<ets>hol<?/n</ets>, <ets>hal<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>holen</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hale</ets> to haul, Sw. <ets>hala</ets>, and to L.

<ets>calare</ets> to call, summon, Gr. <?/ to call. Cf.

<er>Hale</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Claim</er>. <er>Class</er>,

<er>Council</er>, <er>Ecclesiastic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To pull or draw with force; to drag.</def>



<q>Some dance, some <qex>haul</qex> the rope.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q>Thither they bent, and <qex>hauled</qex> their ships to

land.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Romp-loving miss

Is <qex>hauled</qex> about in gallantry robust.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen;

<as>as, to <ex>haul</ex> logs to a sawmill</as>.</def>



<q>When I was seven or eight years of age, I began

<qex>hauling</qex> all the wood used in the house and shops.</q>

<qau>U. S. Grant.</qau>



<cs><col>To haul over the coals</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Coal</er>.</cd> -- <col>To haul the wind</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn the head of the ship nearer to

the point from which the wind blows.</cd></cs>



<hw>Haul</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>To change the direction of a ship by hauling the wind. See

under <er>Haul</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<q>I . . . <qex>hauled</qex> up for it, and found it to be an

island.</q>

<qau>Cook.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when

yoked.</def>



<cs><col>To haul around</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to shift to

any point of the compass; -- said of the wind.</cd> -- <col>To

haul off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail closer to the

wind, in order to get farther away from anything; hence, to

withdraw; to draw back.</cd></cs><-- haul off (b), to get ready

(usu. for violent action) -- used with "and" -- "hauled off and

punched him on the nose" -->



<hw>Haul</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pulling with

force; a violent pull.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A single draught of a net; <as>as, to catch a

hundred fish at a <ex>haul</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is caught, taken, or gained at once,

as by hauling a net.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Transportation by hauling; the distance through

which anything is hauled, as freight in a railroad car; <as>as, a

long <ex>haul</ex> or short <ex>haul</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Rope Making)</fld> <def>A bundle of about four

hundred threads, to be tarred.</def>



<hw>Haul"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

hauling; <as>as, the <ex>haulage</ex> of cars by an engine</as>;

charge for hauling.</def>



<hw>Haul"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hauls.</def>



<hw>Haulm</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>halm</ets>, AS. <ets>healm</ets>; akin to D., G., Dan., &

Sw. <ets>halm</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'belmr</ets>, L.

<ets>calamus</ets> reed, cane, stalk, Gr. <?/. Cf.

<er>Excel</er>, <er>Culminate</er>, <er>Culm</er>,

<er>Shawm</er>, <er>Calamus</er>.]</ety> <def>The denuded stems

or stalks of such crops as buckwheat and the cereal grains,

beans, etc.; straw.</def>



<hw>Haulm</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A part of a harness; a

hame.</def>



<hw>Hauls</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Hals</er>.</def>



<hw>Haulse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Halse</er>.</def>



<hw>Hault</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>hault</ets>, F. <ets>haut</ets>. See

<er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>Lofty; haughty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Through support of countenance proud and <qex>hault</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Haum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Haulm</er>, stalk.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Haunce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

enhance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Lydgate.</au>



<hw>Haunch</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hanche</ets>, of German origin; cf. OD. <ets>hancke</ets>,

<ets>hencke</ets>, and also OHG. <ets>ancha</ets>; prob. not akin

to E. <ets>ankle</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The hip; the

projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip

joint; the hind part.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of meats: The leg and loin taken together;

<as>as, a <ex>haunch</ex> of venison</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Haunch bone</col>. <cd>See <cref>Innominate bone</cref>,

under <er>Innominate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Haunches of an arch</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the parts on each side of the crown of an

arch. (See <er>Crown</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 11.) Each

<xex>haunch<xex> may be considered as from one half to two thirds

of the half arch.</cd></cs>



<hw>Haunched</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

haunches.</def>



<hw>Haunt</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Haunted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Haunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>hanter</ets>; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL.

<ets>ambitare</ets> to go about, fr. L. <ets>ambire</ets> (see

<er>Ambition</er>); or cf. Icel. <ets>heimta</ets> to demand,

regain, akin to <ets>heim</ets> home (see <er>Home</er>).

<root/36.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To frequent; to resort to

frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude

upon.</def>



<q>You wrong me, sir, thus still to <qex>haunt</qex> my

house.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Those cares that <qex>haunt</qex> the court and town.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as

a ghost or apparition.</def>



<q>Foul spirits <qex>haunt</qex> my resting place.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To practice; to devote one's self to.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That other merchandise that men <qex>haunt</qex> with fraud .

. . is cursed.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Leave honest pleasure, and <qex>haunt</qex> no good

pastime.</q>

<qau>Ascham.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To accustom; to habituate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Haunt</qex> thyself to pity.</q>

<qau>Wyclif.</qau>



<hw>Haunt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To persist in staying or

visiting.</def>



<q>I've charged thee not to <qex>haunt</qex> about my doors.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Haunt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place to which

one frequently resorts; <as>as, drinking saloons are the

<ex>haunts</ex> of tipplers; a den is the <ex>haunt</ex> of wild

beasts.</as></def>



<note><hand/ In Old English the place occupied by any one as a

dwelling or in his business was called a <xex>haunt</xex>.</note>



<note>   Often used figuratively.



<q>The household nook,

The <qex>haunt</qex> of all affections pure.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<q>The feeble soul, a <qex>haunt</qex> of fears.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The habit of resorting to a place.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>haunt</qex> you have got about the courts.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Practice; skill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Of clothmaking she hadde such an <qex>haunt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Haunt"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inhabited by, or subject to

the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.</def>



<q>All houses wherein men have lived and died

Are <qex>haunted</qex> houses.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Haunt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, haunts.</def>



<hw>Hau"ri*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hauriens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>haurire</ets> to

breathe.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In pale, with the head in

chief; -- said of the figure of a fish, as if rising for

air.</def>



<hw>Hau"sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large sturgeon (<spn>Acipenser

huso</spn>) from the region of the Black Sea. It is sometimes

twelve feet long.</def><-- syn = Huso huso, and also called

Beluga.  Provides the highest quality caviar -->



<hw>Hausse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A kind of graduated breech sight for a

small arm, or a cannon.</def>



<hw>\'d8Haus`tel*la"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. <ets>haustellum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>haurire</ets>,

<ets>haustum</ets>, to draw water, to swallow. See

<er>Exhaust</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An artificial

division of insects, including all those with a sucking

proboscis.</def>



<hw>Haus"tel*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Haustellata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Provided

with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Haustellata.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Haus*tel"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Haustella</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sucking proboscis of various

insects. See <er>Lepidoptera</er>, and <er>Diptera</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Haus*to"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Haustoria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL., a well, fr.

L. <ets>haurire</ets>, <ets>haustum</ets>, to drink.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the suckerlike rootlets of such

plants as the dodder and ivy.</def>



<au>R. Brown.</au>



<hw>Haut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>Haughty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdNations proud and <xex>haut</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Haut"boy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hautbois</ets>, lit., high wood; <ets>haut</ets> high +

<ets>bois</ets> wood. So called on account of its high tone. See

<er>Haughty</er>, <er>Bush</er>; and cf. <er>Oboe</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument, sounded

through a reed, and similar in shape to the clarinet, but with a

thinner tone. Now more commonly called <altname>oboe</altname>.

See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Oboe</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sort of strawberry

(<spn>Fragaria elatior</spn>).</def>



<hw>Haut"boy*ist</hw> <pr>(-<icr/st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hautbo\'8bste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A player on

the hautboy.</def>



<hw>Hau"tein</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Haughty; proud.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>High; -- said of the voice or flight of

birds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Hau`teur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>haut</ets> high. See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>Haughty

manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance.</def>



<hw>\'d8Haut`go\'96t"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>High relish or flavor; high seasoning.</def>



<hw>\'d8Haut`pas"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>haut</ets> high + <ets>pas</ets> step.]</ety> <def>A raised

part of the floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table

or throne. See <er>Dais</er>.</def>



<-- p. 675 -->



<hw>Ha"\'81y*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

French mineralogist <ets>Ha\'81y</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcani<?/

rocks. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with sulphate

of lime.</def>



<hw>Ha*van"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; <as>as,

an <ex>Havana</ex> cigar</as></def>; -- <altsp>formerly sometimes

written <asp>Havannah</asp>.</altsp> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>An Havana cigar.</def></def2>



<q>Young Frank Clavering stole his father's <qex>Havannahs</qex>,

and . . . smoked them in the stable.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Hav`an*ese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Havana, in Cuba.</def> -- <def2><pos>n. sing. &

pl.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant, or the people, of

Havana.</def></def2>



<hw>Have</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Had</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Having</er>. <pos>Indic.

present</pos>, I <er>have</er>, thou <er>hast</er>, he

<er>has</er>; we, ye, they <er>have</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>haven</ets>, <ets>habben</ets>, AS. <ets>habben</ets>

(imperf. <ets>h\'91fde</ets>, p. p. <ets>geh\'91fd</ets>); akin

to OS. <ets>hebbian</ets>, D. <ets>hebben</ets>, OFries,

<ets>hebba</ets>, OHG. <ets>hab<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>haben</ets>,

Icel. <ets>hafa</ets>, Sw. <ets>hafva</ets>, Dan.

<ets>have</ets>, Goth. <ets>haban</ets>, and prob. to L.

<ets>habere</ets>, whence F. <ets>avoir</ets>. Cf. <er>Able</er>,

<er>Avoirdupois</er>, <er>Binnacle</er>, <er>Habit</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To hold in possession or control; to own;

<as>as, he <ex>has</ex> a farm</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To possess, as something which appertains to, is

connected with, or affects, one.</def>



<q>The earth <qex>hath</qex> bubbles, as the water

<qex>has</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He <qex>had</qex> a fever late.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To accept possession of; to take or

accept.</def>



<q>Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou

<qex>have</qex> me?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To get possession of; to obtain; to get.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact;

to desire; to require.</def>



<q>It <qex>had</qex> the church accurately described to me.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>Wouldst thou <qex>have</qex> me turn traitor also?</q>

<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To bear, as young; <as>as, she has just

<ex>had</ex> a child</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To hold, regard, or esteem.</def>



<q>Of them shall I be <qex>had</qex> in honor.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. vi. 22.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To cause or force to go; to take. \'bdThe stars

<xex>have</xex> us to bed.\'b8 <xex>Herbert</xex>.

\'bd<xex>Have</xex> out all men from me.\'b8 <xex>2 Sam</xex>.

<xex>xiii</xex>. <xex>9</xex>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To take or hold (one's self); to proceed

promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the

pronoun; <as>as, to <ex>have</ex> after one; to <ex>have</ex> at

one or at a thing, <it>i. e.</it>, to aim at one or at a thing;

to attack; to <ex>have</ex> with a companion.</as></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To be under necessity or obligation; to be

compelled; followed by an infinitive.</def>



<q>Science <qex>has</qex>, and will long <qex>have</qex>, to be a

divider and a separatist.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<q>The laws of philology <qex>have</qex> to be established by

external comparison and induction.</q>

<qau>Earle.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To understand.</def>



<q>You <qex>have</qex> me, have you not?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>To put in an awkward position; to have the

advantage of; <as>as, that is where he <ex>had</ex>

him</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<note><hand/ <xex>Have</xex>, as an auxiliary verb, is used with

the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I

<xex>have</xex> loved; I shall <xex>have</xex> eaten. Originally

it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and

denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by

the participle; as, <xex>I have conquered him</xex>, I have or

hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this

independent significance, and is used with the participles both

of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing

past time. <xex>Had</xex> is used, especially in poetry, for

<xex>would have</xex> or <xex>should have</xex>.</note>



<q>Myself for such a face <qex>had</qex> boldly died.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>To have a care</col>, <cd>to take care; to be on one's

guard.</cd> -- <col>To have <plain>(a man)</plain>

out</col></mcol>, <cd>to engage (one) in a duel.</cd> -- <col>To

have done</col> (with). <cd>See under Do, <pos>v. i.</pos></cd>

-- <col>To have it out</col>, <cd>to speak freely; to bring an

affair to a conclusion.</cd> -- <col>To have on</col>, <cd>to

wear.</cd> -- <col>To have to do with</col>. <cd>See under Do,

<pos>v. t.</pos></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To possess; to own. See <er>Possess</er>.</syn>



<hw>Have"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having little or

nothing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Hav"e*lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Havelock</ets>, an English general distinguished in India in

the rebellion of 1857.]</ety> <def>A light cloth covering for the

head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from

sunstroke.</def>



<hw>Ha"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'91fene</ets>; akin to D. & LG. <ets>haven</ets>, G.

<ets>hafen</ets>, MNG. <ets>habe</ets>, Dan. <ets>havn</ets>,

Icel. <ets>h\'94fn</ets>, Sw. <ets>hamn</ets>; <ets>akin to

E</ets>. <ets>have</ets>, and hence orig., a holder; or to

<ets>heave</ets> (see <er>Heave</er>); or akin to AS.

<ets>h\'91f</ets> sea, Icel. & Sw. <ets>haf</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hav</ets>, which is perh. akin to E.

<ets>heave</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bay, recess, or inlet

of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and

shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port.</def>



<q>What shipping and what lading's in our <qex>haven</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Their <qex>haven</qex> under the hill.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The <qex>haven</qex>, or the rock of love.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<hw>Ha"ven</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shelter, as in a

haven.</def>



<au>Keats.</au>



<hw>Ha"ven*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Harbor dues;

port dues.</def>



<hw>Ha"vened</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Sheltered

in a haven.</def>



<q>Blissful <qex>havened</qex> both from joy and pain.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<hw>Ha"ven*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A harbor

master.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ha"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A possessor; a

holder.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hav"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>haver</ets>; akin to

G. <ets>haber</ets>.]</ety> <def>The oat; oats.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<cs><col>Haver bread</col>, <cd>oaten bread.</cd> -- <col>Haver

cake</col>, <cd>oaten cake. <xex>Piers Plowman<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Haver grass</col>, <cd>the wild oat.</cd> -- <col>Haver

meal</col>, <cd>oatmeal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ha"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>To maunder; to talk foolishly; to

chatter.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Hav"er*sack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>havresac</ets>, G. <ets>habersack</ets>, sack for oats. See

2d <er>Haver</er>, and <er>Sack</er> a bag.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A bag for oats or oatmeal.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which

a soldier carries his rations when on a march; -- distinguished

from <xex>knapsack</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A gunner's case or bag used carry cartridges

from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading.</def>



<hw>Ha*ver"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or discovered by, Clopton <xex>Havers</xex>, an English

physician of the seventeenth century.</def>



<cs><col>Haversian canals</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the small

canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Hav`il*dar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>In the

British Indian armies, a noncommissioned officer of native

soldiers, corresponding to a sergeant.</def>



<cs><col>Havildar major</col>, <cd>a native sergeant major in the

East Indian army.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hav"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Possession;

goods; estate.</def>



<q>I 'll lend you something; my <qex>having</qex> is not

much.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hav"ior</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>havour</ets>, a corruption of OF. <ets>aveir</ets>,

<ets>avoir</ets>, a having, of same origin as E. <ets>aver</ets>

a work horse. The <ets>h</ets> is due to confusion with E.

<ets>have</ets>.]</ety> <def>Behavior; demeanor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hav"oc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.

<ets>hafog</ets> devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E.

<ets>havoc</ets>, cf. OE. <ets>havot</ets>, or AS.

<ets>hafoc</ets> hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F.

<ets>hai</ets>, <ets>voux</ets>! a cry to hounds.]</ety>

<def>Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste.</def>



<q>As for Saul, he made <qex>havoc</qex> of the church.</q>

<qau>Acts viii. 3.</qau>



<q>Ye gods, what <qex>havoc</qex> does ambition make

Among your works!</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Hav"oc</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To devastate; to destroy;

to lay waste.</def>



<q>To waste and <qex>havoc</qex> yonder world.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hav"oc</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Havoc</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A cry in war as the signal for

indiscriminate slaughter.</def>



<au>Toone.</au>



<q>Do not cry <qex>havoc</qex>, where you should but hunt

With modest warrant.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Cry '<qex>havoc</qex>,' and let slip the dogs of war!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Haw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hawe</ets>, AS. <ets>haga</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haag</ets>

headge, G. <ets>hag</ets>, <ets>hecke</ets>, Icel.

<ets>hagi</ets> pasture, Sw. <ets>hage</ets>, Dan.

<ets>have</ets> garden. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Haggard</er>,

<er>Ha-ha</er>, <er>Haugh</er>, <er>Hedge</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard.</def>



<q>And eke there was a polecat in his <qex>haw</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fruit of the hawthorn.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Haw</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The third eyelid, or nictitating

membrane. See <cref>Nictitating membrane</cref>, under

<er>Nictitate</er>.</def>



<hw>Haw</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <ets>ha</ets> an

interjection of wonder, surprise, or hesitation.]</ety> <def>An

intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like

<xex>haw</xex>! also, the sound so made.</def> \'bdHums or

<xex>haws</xex>.\'b8



<au>Congreve.</au>



<hw>Haw</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To stop, in speaking, with a

sound like <xex>haw</xex>; to speak with interruption and

hesitation.</def>



<q>Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and <qex>haw</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<hw>Haw</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hawed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hawing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also

<ets>hoi</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Perhaps connected with

<ets>here</ets>, <ets>hither</ets>; cf., however, F.

<ets>huhau</ets>, <ets>hue</ets>, interj. used in turning a horse

to the right, G. <ets>hott</ets>, <ets>h\'81</ets>, interj. used

in calling to a horse.]</ety> <def>To turn to the near side, or

toward the driver; -- said of cattle or a team: a word used by

teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the

imperative. See <er>Gee</er>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To haw and gee</col>, <or/ <col>To haw and gee

about</col></mcol>, <cd>to go from one thing to another without

good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or

unstable. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Haw</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to turn, as a team,

to the near side, or toward the driver; <as>as, to <ex>haw</ex> a

team of oxen</as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To haw and gee</col>, <or/ <col>To haw and gee

about</col></mcol>, <cd>to lead this way and that at will; to

lead by the nose; to master or control.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Ha*wai"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to

Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii.</def>

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of Hawaii.</def></def2>



<hw>Hawe"bake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Probably,

the baked berry of the hawthorn tree, that is, coarse fare. See

1st <er>Haw</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Haw"finch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European grosbeak

(<spn>Coccothraustes vulgaris</spn>); -- called also

<altname>cherry finch</altname>, and

<altname>coble</altname>.</def>



<hw>Haw-haw"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Duplication

of <ets>haw</ets> a hedge.]</ety> <def>See <er>Ha-ha</er>.</def>



<hw>Haw*haw"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Of imitative

origin.]</ety> <def>To laugh boisterously.</def> <mark>[Colloq.

U. S.]</mark>



<q>We <qex>haw-haw'd</qex>, I tell you, for more than half an

hour.</q>

<qau>Major Jack Downing.</qau>



<hw>Hawk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hauk</ets> (prob. fr. Icel.), <ets>havek</ets>, AS.

<ets>hafoc</ets>, <ets>heafoc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>havik</ets>,

OHG. <ets>habuh</ets>, G. <ets>habicht</ets>, Icel.

<ets>haukr</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'94k</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'94g</ets>,

prob. from the root of E. <ets>heave</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous species and genera of

rapacious birds of the family <spn>Falconid\'91</spn>. They

differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and

notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings.

Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the

goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general

sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true

falcons, as the sparrow <xex>hawk</xex>, pigeon <xex>hawk</xex>,

duck <xex>hawk</xex>, and prairie <xex>hawk</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ Among the common American species are the red-tailed

hawk (<spn>Buteo borealis</spn>); the red-shouldered (<spn>B.

lineatus</spn>); the broad-winged (<spn>B. Pennsylvanicus</spn>);

the rough-legged (<spn>Archibuteo lagopus</spn>); the

sharp-shinned <spn>Accipiter fuscus</spn>). See

<er>Fishhawk</er>, <er>Goshawk</er>, <cref>Marsh hawk</cref>,

under <er>Marsh</er>, <cref>Night hawk</cref>, under

<er>Night</er>.</note>



<cs><col>Bee hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the honey

buzzard.</cd> -- <col>Eagle hawk</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Eagle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hawk eagle</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Asiatic bird of the genus

<spn>Spiz\'91tus</spn>, or <spn>Limn\'91tus</spn>, intermediate

between the hawks and eagles. There are several species.</cd> --

<col>Hawk fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a voracious fly of

the family <spn>Asilid\'91</spn>. See <cref>Hornet fly</cref>,

under <er>Hornet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hawk moth</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hawk moth</er>, in the

Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Hawk owl</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A northern owl (<spn>Surnia ulula</spn>) of

Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects

resembles the hawks.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An owl of India

(<spn>Ninox scutellatus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Hawk's bill</col>

<fld>(Horology)</fld>, <cd>the pawl for the rack, in the striking

mechanism of a clock.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hawk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hawked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hawking</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of

hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to

practice falconry.</def>



<q>A falconer Henry is, when Emma <qex>hawks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and

strike like a hawk; -- generally with <xex>at</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>hawk</ex> at flies</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>A falcon, towering in her pride of place,

Was by a mousing owl <qex>hawked</qex> at and killed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[W. <ets>hochi</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an

expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the

depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in

the removal of foreign substances.</def>



<hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To raise by hawking, as

phlegm.</def>



<hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W. <ets>hoch</ets>.]</ety>

<def>An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied

with noise.</def>



<hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D.

<ets>hauker</ets> a hawker, G. <ets>h\'94ken</ets>,

<ets>h\'94cken</ets>, to higgle, to retail, <ets>h\'94ke</ets>,

<ets>h\'94ker</ets>, a higgler, huckster. See

<er>Huckster</er>.]</ety> <def>To offer for sale by outcry in the

street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for

sale; to peddle; <as>as, to <ex>hawk</ex> goods or

pamphlets</as>.</def>



<q>His works were <qex>hawked</qex> in every street.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A small

board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar.</def>



<cs><col>Hawk boy</col>, <cd>an attendant on a plasterer to

supply him with mortar.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hawk"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sea turtle (<spn>Eretmochelys

imbricata</spn>), which yields the best quality of tortoise

shell; -- called also <altname>caret</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hawk"bit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The fall dandelion (<spn>Leontodon autumnale</spn>).</def>



<hw>Hawked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Curved like a

hawk's bill; crooked.</def>



<hw>Hawk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who sells

wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a

packman.</def>



<hw>Hawk"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sell goods by outcry

in the street.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Hawk"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>hafecere</ets>. See 1st <er>Hawk</er>.]</ety> <def>A

falconer.</def>



<hw>Hawk"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hockey</er>.</def>



<au>Holloway.</au>



<hw>Hawk"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning.</def>



<hw>Hawk" moth`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Any moth of the family <spn>Sphingid\'91</spn>, of which

there are numerous genera and species. They are large, handsome

moths, which fly mostly at twilight and hover about flowers like

a humming bird, sucking the honey by means of a long, slender

proboscis. The larv\'91 are large, hairless caterpillars

ornamented with green and other bright colors, and often with a

caudal spine. See <er>Sphinx</er>, also <xex>Tobacco worm</xex>,

and <xex>Tomato worm</xex>.</def>



<caption>Tobacco Hawk Moth (<spn>Macrosila Carolina</spn>), and

its Larva, the Tobacco Worm.</caption>



<note><hand/ The larv\'91 of several species of hawk moths feed

on grapevines. The elm-tree hawk moth is <spn>Ceratomia

Amyntor</spn>.</note>



<hw>Hawk"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Hieracium</spn>; --

so called from the ancient belief that birds of prey used its

juice to strengthen their vision.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant

of the genus <spn>Senecio</spn> (<spn>S.

hieracifolius</spn>).</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<hw>Hawm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Haulm</er>, straw.</def>



<hw>Hawm</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>

<def>To lounge; to loiter.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Hawse</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Orig. a

<ets>hawse hole</ets>, or hole in the ship; cf. Icel.

<ets>hals</ets>, <ets>h\'bels</ets>, neck, part of the bows of a

ship, AS. <ets>heals</ets> neck. See <er>Collar</er>, and cf.

<er>Halse</er> to embrace.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hawse

hole.</def>



<au>Harris.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The situation of

the cables when a vessel is moored with two anchors, one on the

starboard, the other on the port bow.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; <as>as, the

ship has a clear or open <ex>hawse</ex>, or a foul

<ex>hawse</ex>; to anchor in our <ex>hawse</ex>, or athwart

<ex>hawse</ex>.</as></def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>That part of a

vessel's bow in which are the hawse holes for the cables.</def>



<cs><col>Athwart hawse</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Athwart</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foul hawse</col>, <cd>a hawse in

which the cables cross each other, or are twisted together.</cd>

-- <col>Hawse block</col>, <cd>a block used to stop up a hawse

hole at sea; -- called also <altname>hawse plug</altname>.</cd>

-- <col>Hawse hole</col>, <cd>a hole in the bow of a ship,

through which a cable passes.</cd> -- <col>Hawse piece</col>,

<cd>one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the

hawse hole is cut.</cd> -- <col>Hawse plug</col>. <cd>Same as

<cref>Hawse block</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>To come in at the

hawse holes</col>, <cd>to enter the naval service at the lowest

grade.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>To freshen the

hawse</col>, <cd>to veer out a little more cable and bring the

chafe and strain on another part.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 676 -->



<hw>Haws"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From F.

<ets>hausser</ets> to <?/ft, raise (cf. OF.

<ets>hausser\'82e</ets> towpath, towing, F.

<ets>haussi\'8are</ets> hawser), LL. <ets>altiare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>altus</ets> high. See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>A large

rope made of three strands each containing many yarns.</def>



<note><hand/ Three hawsers twisted together make a cable; but it

nautical usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often

one of size rather than of manufacture.</note>



<cs><col>Hawser iron</col>, <cd>a calking iron.</cd></cs>



<hw>Haws"er-laid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made in

the manner of a hawser. Cf. <er>Cable-laid</er>, and see

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Cordage</er>.</def>



<hw>Haw"thorn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hagaborn</ets>, <ets>h\'91g<?/orn</ets>. See <er>Haw</er> a

hedge, and <er>Thorn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A thorny

shrub or tree (the <xex>Crat\'91gus oxyacantha</xex>), having

deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers,

and a fruit called <xex>haw</xex>. It is much used in Europe for

hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is

<xex>Crat\'91gus cordata</xex>, which has the leaves but little

lobed.</def>



<q>Gives not the <qex>hawthorn</qex> bush a sweeter shade

To shepherds?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hege</ets>: cf. F. <ets>haie</ets>, of German origin. See

<er>Haw</er> a hedge, <er>Hedge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

hedge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A net set around the haunt of an animal,

especially of a rabbit.</def>



<au>Rowe.</au>



<cs><col>To dance the hay</col>, <cd>to dance in a

ring.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hay</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lay snares for

rabbits.</def>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<hw>Hay</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hei</ets>, AS.

<ets>h<?/g</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kooi</ets>, OHG.

<ets>hewi</ets>, <ets>houwi</ets>, G. <ets>heu</ets>, Dan. & Sw.

<ets>h\'94</ets>, Icel. <ets>hey</ets>, <ets>ha</ets>, Goth.

<ets>hawi</ets> grass, fr. the root of E. <ets>hew</ets>. See

<er>Hew to cut</er>. ]</ety> <def>Grass cut and cured for

fodder.</def>



<q>Make <qex>hay</qex> while the sun shines.</q>

<qau>Camden.</qau>



<q><qex>Hay</qex> may be dried too much as well as too

little.</q>

<qau>C. L. Flint.</qau>



<cs><col>Hay cap</col>, <cd>a canvas covering for a haycock.</cd>

-- <col>Hay fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>nasal catarrh

accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of

dyspn\'d2a, to which some persons are subject in the spring and

summer seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay,

and to the pollen of certain plants. It is also called

<altname>hay asthma</altname>, <altname>hay cold</altname>, and

<altname>rose fever</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hay knife</col>,

<cd>a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or

mow.</cd> -- <col>Hay press</col>, <cd>a press for baling loose

hay.</cd> -- <col>Hay tea</col>, <cd>the juice of hay extracted

by boiling, used as food for cattle, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hay

tedder</col>, <cd>a machine for spreading and turning newmown

hay. See <er>Tedder</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hay</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cut and cure grass for

hay.</def>



<hw>Hay"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European spotted

flycatcher.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European blackcap.</def>



<hw>Hay"bote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hay</er> hedge, and <er>Bote</er>, and cf.

<er>Hedgebote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law.)</fld> <def>An

allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges or fences;

hedgebote. See <er>Bote</er>.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Hay"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A conical

pile or hear of hay in the field.</def>



<q>The tanned <qex>haycock</qex> in the mead.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hay"-cut`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A machine

in which hay is chopped short, as fodder for cattle.</def>



<hw>Hay"field`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A field

where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Hay"fork`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fork for

pitching and tedding hay.</def>



<cs><col>Horse hayfork</col>, <cd>a contrivance for unloading hay

from the cart and depositing it in the loft, or on a mow, by

horse power.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hay"loft`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A loft

or scaffold for hay.</def>



<hw>Hay"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who cuts and cures hay.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A machine for curing hay in rainy weather.</def>



<hw>Hay"mak`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The operation or work of

cutting grass and curing it for hay.</def>



<hw>Hay"mow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place in a barn where hay is

deposited.</def>



<hw>Hay"rack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A frame

mounted on the running gear of a wagon, and used in hauling hay,

straw, sheaves, etc.; -- called also <altname>hay

rigging</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hay"rake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rake for

collecting hay; especially, a large rake drawn by a horse or

horses.</def>



<hw>Hay"rick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A heap or pile

of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open

air.</def>



<hw>Hay"stack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stack or

conical pile of hay in the open air.</def>



<hw>Hay"stalk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stalk of

hay.</def>



<hw>Hay"thorn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hawthorn.</def>



<au>R. Scot.</au>



<hw>Hay"ti*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of pertaining

to Hayti.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of

Hayti.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Haitian</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hay"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hay</ets> a hedge + <ets>ward</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from

breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to

impound animals found running at large.</def>



<hw>Haz"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hazard</ets>, Sp. <ets>azar</ets> an unforeseen disaster or

accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar.

<ets>zahr</ets>, <ets>z\'ber</ets>, a die, which, with the

article <ets>al</ets> the, would give <ets>azzahr</ets>,

<ets>azz\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A game of chance

played with dice.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a

fortuitous event; chance; accident; casualty.</def>



<q>I will stand the <qex>hazard</qex> of the die.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Risk; danger; peril; <as>as, he encountered the

enemy at the <ex>hazard</ex> of his reputation and

life</as>.</def>



<q>Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a

condition of the utmost <qex>hazard</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rogers</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Billiards<?/)</fld> <def>Holing a ball, whether

the object ball (winning <xex>hazard</xex>) or the player's ball

(losing <xex>hazard</xex>).</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the

stakes in gaming.</def> \'bdYour latter <xex>hazard</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Hazard table</col>, <cd>a a table on which hazard is

played, or any game of chance for stakes.</cd> -- <col>To ru<?/

the hazard</col>, <cd>to take the chance or risk.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Danger; risk; chance. See <er>Danger</er>.</syn>



<hw>Haz"ard</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hazarded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. <?/</pos>

<er>Hazarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hazarder</ets>. See Hazard, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To expose to the operation of chance; to put in

danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk.</def>



<q>Men <qex>hazard</qex> nothing by a course of evangelical

obedience.</q>

<qau>John Clarke.</qau>



<q>He <qex>hazards</qex> his neck to the halter.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To venture to incur, or bring on.</def>



<q>I <qex>hazarded</qex> the loss of whom I loved.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>They <qex>hazard</qex> to cut their feet.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger.</syn>



<hw>Haz"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To try the

chance; to encounter risk or danger.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Haz"ard*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain; risky.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Such as can be hazarded or risked.</def>



<hw>Haz"ard*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A player at the game of hazard; a gamester.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who hazards or ventures.</def>



<hw>Haz"ard*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hazardous

attempt or situation; hazard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Herself had run into that <qex>hazardize</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Haz"ard*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hasardeux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exposed to hazard; dangerous;

risky.</def>



<q>To enterprise so <qex>hazardous</qex> and high!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous;

venturesome; precarious; uncertain.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Haz"ard*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Haz"ard*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Haz"ard*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rashness; temerity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Haze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>h\'94ss</ets> gray; akin to AS. <ets>hasu</ets>,

<ets>heasu</ets>, gray; or Armor. <ets>a\'82zen</ets>,

<ets>\'82zen</ets>, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.]</ety>

<def>Light vapor or smoke in the air which more or less impedes

vision, with little or no dampness; a lack of transparency in the

air; hence, figuratively, obscurity; dimness.</def>



<q>O'er the sky

The silvery <qex>haze</qex> of summer drawn.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>Above the world's uncertain <qex>haze</qex>.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<hw>Haze</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be hazy, or tick with

haze.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Haze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hazed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hazing</er>.]</wordforms> <altsp>[Also

<asp>haze</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>haza</ets> to

hamstring, fr. <ets>has</ets> hough, OD. <ets>h\'91ssen</ets>

ham.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To harass by exacting unnecessary,

disagreeable, or difficult work.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To harass or annoy by playing abusive or

shameful tricks upon; to humiliate by practical jokes; -- used

esp. of college students; <as>as, the sophomores <ex>hazed</ex> a

freshman</as>.</def>



<hw>Ha"zel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hasel</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91sel</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>hazelaar</ets>, G. <ets>hazel</ets>, OHG. <ets>hasal</ets>,

<ets>hasala</ets>, Icel. <ets>hasl</ets>, Dan & Sw.

<ets>hassel</ets>, L. <ets>corylus</ets>, for

<ets>cosylus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

shrub or small tree of the genus <spn>Corylus</spn>, as the

<spn>C. avellana</spn>, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a

mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are

<spn>C. Americana</spn>, which produces the common hazelnut, and

<spn>C. rostrata</spn>. See <er>Filbert</er>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A miner's name for freestone.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<cs><col>Hazel earth</col>, <cd>soil suitable for the hazel; a

fertile loam.</cd> -- <col>Hazel grouse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European grouse (<spn>Bonasa

betulina</spn>), allied to the American ruffed grouse.</cd> --

<col>Hazel hoe</col>, <cd>a kind of grub hoe.</cd> -- <col>Witch

hazel</col>. <cd>See <er>Witch-hazel</er>, and

<er>Hamamelis</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ha"zel</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of

hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to, or derived

from, the hazel; <as>as, a <ex>hazel</ex> wand</as>.</def>



<q>I sit me down beside the <qex>hazel</qex> grove.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut.</def>

\'bdThou hast <xex>hazel</xex> eyes.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Haze"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

haze.</def>



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>Ha"zel*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the color

of the hazelnut; of a light brown.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Ha"zel*nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'91selhnutu</ets>.]</ety> <def>The nut of the hazel.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ha"zel*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The asarabacca.</def>



<hw>Ha"zi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hazy

manner; mistily; obscurely; confusedly.</def>



<hw>Ha"zi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being hazy.</def>



<hw>Ha"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make dry;

to dry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ha"zy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Haze</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Thick with

haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or

transparent.</def> \'bdA tender, <xex>hazy</xex> brightness.\'b8



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Obscure; confused; not clear; <as>as, a

<ex>hazy</ex> argument; a <ex>hazy</ex> intellect.</as></def>



<au>Mrs. Gore.</au>



<hw>He</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>nom.</pos> <er>He</er>; <pos>poss.</pos>

<er>His</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>obj.</pos> <er>Him</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>pl. nom.</pos> <er>They</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>poss.</pos> <er>Their</er> or <er>Theirs</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>obj.</pos> <er>Them</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/</ets>, masc.,

<ets>he\'a2</ets>, fem., <ets>hit</ets>, neut.; pl.

<ets>h\'c6</ets>, or <ets>hie</ets>, <ets>hig</ets>; akin to

Ofries. <ets>hi</ets>, D. <ets>hij</ets>, OS. <ets>he</ets>,

<ets>hi</ets>, G. <ets>heute</ets> to-day, Goth.

<ets>himma</ets>, dat. masc., this, <ets>hina</ets>, accus.

masc., and <ets>hita</ets>, accus. neut., and prob. to L.

<ets>his</ets> this. <root/183. Cf. <er>It</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The man or male being (or object personified to

which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a

pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified

subject already indicated.</def>



<q>Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and <qex>he</qex> shall

rule over thee.</q>

<qau>Gen. iii. 16.</qau>



<q>Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; <qex>him</qex> shalt thou

serve.</q>

<qau>Deut. x. 20.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any one; the man or person; -- used

indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun.</def>



<q><qex>He</qex> that walketh with wise men shall be wise.</q>

<qau>Prov. xiii. 20.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense

used substantively.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>I stand to answer thee,

Or any <qex>he</qex>, the proudest of thy sort.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ When a collective noun or a class is referred to,

<xex>he</xex> is of common gender. In early English,

<xex>he</xex> referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in

the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In

composition, <xex>he</xex> denotes a male animal; as, a

<xex>he</xex>-goat.</note>



<hw>-head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>suffix.</pos> <def>A variant of

<er>-hood</er>.</def>



<hw>Head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hed</ets>, <ets>heved</ets>, <ets>heaved</ets>, AS.

<ets>he\'a0fod</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoofd</ets>, OHG.

<ets>houbit</ets>, G. <ets>haupt</ets>, Icel.

<ets>h\'94fu<?/</ets>, Sw. <ets>hufvud</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hoved</ets>, Goth. <ets>haubip</ets>. The word does not

corresponds regularly to L. <ets>caput</ets> head (cf. E.

<er>Chief</er>, <er>Cadet</er>, <er>Capital</er>), and its origin

is unknown.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The anterior or superior part

of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the

nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief

sensory organs; poll; cephalon.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The uppermost, foremost, or most important part

of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to

resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker,

or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or

thinner part, or from the point or edge; <as>as, the

<ex>head</ex> of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail,

a ship</as>; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a

hollow vessel; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> of a cask or a steam

boiler</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The place where the head should go; <as>as, the

<ex>head</ex> of a bed, of a grave, etc</as>.; the

<xex>head</xex> of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the

head.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The most prominent or important member of any

organized body; the chief; the leader; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex>

of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the

like</as>.</def> \'bdTheir princes and <xex>heads</xex>.\'b8



<au>Robynson (More's Utopia). </au>



<q>The <qex>heads</qex> of the chief sects of philosophy.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<q>Your <qex>head</qex> I him appoint.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The place or honor, or of command; the most

important or foremost position; the front; <as>as, the

<ex>head</ex> of the table; the <ex>head</ex> of a column of

soldiers.</as></def>



<q>An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke

Marlborough at the <qex>head</qex> of them.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Each one among many; an individual; -- often

used in a plural sense; <as>as, a thousand <ex>head</ex> of

cattle</as>.</def>



<q>It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres

for every <qex>head</qex>.</q>

<qau>Graunt.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The seat of the intellect; the brain; the

understanding; the mental faculties; <as>as, a good

<ex>head</ex>, that is, a good mind; it never entered his

<ex>head</ex>, it did not occur to him; of his own <ex>head</ex>,

of his own thought or will.</as></def>



<q>Men who had lost both <qex>head</qex> and heart.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as

of a stream or river; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> of the Nile</as>;

hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface,

as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it

issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from

motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; <as>as, a mill

or reservoir has a good <ex>head</ex> of water, or ten feet

<ex>head</ex></as>; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote

from the outlet or the sea.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A headland; a promontory; <as>as, Gay

<ex>Head</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a

theme to be expanded; a subdivision; <as>as, the <ex>heads</ex>

of a sermon</as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength;

force; height.</def>



<q>Ere foul sin, gathering <qex>head</qex>, shall break into

corruption.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last

grown to such a <qex>head</qex>, that it must quickly make an end

of me or of itself.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>Power; armed force.</def>



<q>My lord, my lord, the French have gathered

<qex>head</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>A headdress; a covering of the head; <as>as, a

laced <ex>head</ex>; a <ex>head</ex> of hair.</as></def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other

small cereals.</def>



<sn>15.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A dense cluster

of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a

cabbage or a lettuce plant.</def>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>The antlers of a deer.</def>



<sn>17.</sn> <def>A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of

beer or other effervescing liquor.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<sn>18.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Tiles laid at the eaves of a

house.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Head</xex> is often used adjectively or in

self-explaining combinations; as, <xex>head</xex> gear or

<xex>head</xex>gear, <xex>head</xex> rest. Cf. <er>Head</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></note>



<cs><col>A buck of the first head</col>, <cd>a male fallow deer

in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers.

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>By the head</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>By</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Elevator

head</col>, <col>Feed head</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under

<er>Elevator</er>, <er>Feed</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>From head to

foot</col>, <cd>through the whole length of a man; completely;

throughout. \'bdArm me, audacity, from <xex>head to

foot<xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>Head and ears</col>,

<cd>with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was

<xex>head and ears</xex> in debt or in trouble.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Head fast</col></mcol>.

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See 5th <er>Fast</er>.</cd> -- <col>Head

kidney</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the most anterior of the

three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most

vertebrates<?/ the pronephors.</cd> -- <col>Head money</col>,

<cd>a capitation tax; a poll tax. <au>Milton</au>.</cd> --

<col>Head pence</col>, <cd>a poll tax.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

-- <col>Head sea</col>, <cd>a sea that meets the head of a vessel

or rolls against her course.</cd> -- <col>Head and

shoulders</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>By force; violently; as, to

drag one, <xex>head and shoulders<xex>. \'bdThey bring in every

figure of speech, <xex>head and shoulders<xex>.\'b8

<au>Felton</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>By the height of the head and

shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as,

he is <xex>head and shoulders<xex> above them.</cd> -- <col>Head

or tail</col>, <cd>this side or that side; this thing or that; --

a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, guestion, or

stake, <xex>head<xex> being the side of the coin bearing the

effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face

on either side, that side which has the date on it), and

<xex>tail<xex> the other side.</cd> -- <col>Neither head nor

tail</col>, <cd>neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor

that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in speaking

of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made <xex>neither

head nor tail</xex> of the matter.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> --

<col>Head wind</col>, <cd>a wind that blows in a direction

opposite the vessel's course.</cd> -- <col>Out one's own

head</col>, <cd>according to one's own idea; without advice or

co\'94peration of another.</cd> <col>Over the head of</col>,

<cd>beyond the comprehension of. <au>M. Arnold</au>.</cd><-- go

over one's head = appeal to one's superior in line of command -->

-- <col>To be out of one's head</col>, <cd>to be temporarily

insane.</cd> -- <col>To come or draw to a head</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Come</er>, <er>Draw</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To give

(one) <col>the head</col>, <or/ <col>To give head</col></mcol>,

<cd>to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to

give license. \'bdHe <xex>gave<xex> his able horse <xex>the

head<xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bdHe has so long <xex>given<xex>

his unruly passions their <xex>head<xex>.\'b8

<au>South</au>.</cd> -- <col>To his head</col>, <cd>before his

face. \'bdAn uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an

obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an

enemy should storm his house or revile him <xex>to his

head<xex>.\'b8 <au>Jer. Taylor</au>.</cd> -- <col>To lay heads

together</col>, <cd>to consult; to conspire.</cd> -- <col>To lose

one's head</col>, <cd>to lose presence of mind.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To make head</col>, <or/ <col>To make head

against</col></mcol>, <cd>to resist with success; to

advance.</cd> -- <col>To show one's head</col>, <cd>to appear.

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>To turn head</col>, <cd>to turn the

face or front. \'bdThe ravishers <xex>turn head<xex>, the fight

renews.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 677 -->



<hw>Head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Principal; chief;

leading; first; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> master of a school; the

<ex>head</ex> man of a tribe; a <ex>head</ex> chorister; a

<ex>head</ex> cook.</as></def>



<hw>Head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Headed</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Heading</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to

direct; to act as leader to; <as>as, to <ex>head</ex> an army, an

expedition, or a riot</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a

head; <as>as, to <ex>head</ex> a nail</as>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To behead; to decapitate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cut off the top of; to lop off; <as>as, to

<ex>head</ex> trees</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as

to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain;

<as>as, to <ex>head</ex> a drove of cattle; to <ex>head</ex> a

person; the wind <ex>heads</ex> a ship.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To set on the head; <as>as, to <ex>head</ex> a

cask</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To head off</col>, <cd>to intercept; to get before; as,

an officer <xex>heads off<xex> a thief who is escaping.</cd> --

<col>To head up</col>, <cd>to close, as a cask or barrel, by

fitting a head to.</cd></cs>



<hw>Head</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To originate; to

spring; to have its <?/ourse, as a river.</def>



<q>A broad river, that <qex>heads</qex> in the great Blue

Ridge.</q>

<qau>Adair.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To go or point in a certain direction; to tend;

as, how does the ship <xex>head</xex>?</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To form a head; <as>as, this kind of cabbage

<ex>heads</ex> early</as>.</def>



<hw>Head"ache`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pain in the

head; ceph<?/lalgia.</def> \'bd<xex>Headaches</xex> and shivering

fits.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Head"ach`y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Afflicted with

headache.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Head"band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A fillet; a band for the head.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>headbands</xex> and the tablets.\'b8



<qau>Is. iii. 20.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The band at each end of the back of a

book.</def>



<hw>Head"beard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A board or

boarding which marks or forms the head of anything; <as>as, the

<ex>headboard</ex> of a bed; the <ex>headboard</ex> of a

grave.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Head"bor*ough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Head"bor*row</hw> 

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The chief of a

frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families;

-- called also <altname>borsholder</altname>,

<altname>boroughhead</altname>, <altname>boroughholder</altname>,

and sometimes <altname>tithingman</altname>. See

<er>Borsholder</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Modern Law)</fld> <def>A petty constable.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Head"-cheese</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dish

made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of swine, cut up

fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass.</def>



<hw>Head"dress`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire.</def>



<q>Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful

<qex>headdress</qex>, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of

feathers, or a natural little plume.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it,

whether with or without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc.</def>



<hw>Head"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Furnished with a

head (commonly as denoting intellectual faculties); -- used in

composition; <as>as, clear-<ex>headed</ex>, long-<ex>headed</ex>,

thick-<ex>headed</ex>; a many-<ex>headed</ex> monster.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formed into a head; <as>as, a <ex>headed</ex>

cabbage</as>.</def>



<hw>Head"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that

which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine for

heading.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob;

head; chief; leader.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A brick or stone

laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the

wall.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In framing, the piece of timber

fitted between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying

the ends of the tailpieces.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads

only.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a

bicycle, or in bathing; <as>as, to take a

<ex>header</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Head`first"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Head`fore"most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>With the head foremost.</def>



<hw>Head`fish"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sunfish (<spn>Mola</spn>).</def>



<mhw><hw>Head" gear`</hw>, <or/ <hw>Head"gear`</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Headdress.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or

deep well.</def>



<hw>Head"-hunt`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member

of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of

decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies.

The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head-hunters.</def>

<-- 2. (fig.) an executive personnel recruiter -->



-- <wordforms><wf>Head"-hunt`ing</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Head"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a heady

or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately.</def>



<hw>Head"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

heady.</def>



<hw>Head"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a

head.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which stands at the head; title; <as>as,

the <ex>heading</ex> of a paper</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Material for the heads of casks, barrels,

etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A gallery, drift, or adit

in a mine; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a

drift.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(sewing)</fld> <def>The extension of a line

ruffling above the line of stitch.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>That end of a stone or

brick which is presented outward.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>Heading course</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a course

consisting only of headers. See <er>Header</er>, <pos>n.</pos> 3

<sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Heading joint</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Carp.)</fld> <cd>A joint, as of two or more boards, etc.,

at right angles to the grain of the wood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Masonry)</fld> <cd>A joint between two roussoirs in the

same course.</cd></cs>



<hw>Head"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or

other expanse of water.</def> \'bdSow the <xex>headland</xex>

with wheat.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of

furrows, or near a fence.</def>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Head"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>he\'a0fodle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no

head; beheaded; <as>as, a <ex>headless</ex> body, neck, or

carcass</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute of a chief or leader.</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish;

rash; obstinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- = mindless -->



<q>Witless headiness in judging or <qex>headless</qex> hardiness

in condemning.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Head"light`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A light, with a powerful reflector,

placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw

light on the track at night, or in going through a dark

tunnel.</def>



<hw>Head"line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The line at the head or top of a

page.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Headrope</er>.</def>



<hw>Head"long`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hedling</ets>, <ets>hevedlynge</ets>; prob. confused with E.

<ets>long</ets>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>With the head foremost; <as>as, to fall

<ex>headlong</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Acts i. 18.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rashly; precipitately; without

deliberation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hastily; without delay or respite.</def>



<hw>Head"long</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rash;

precipitate; <as>as, <ex>headlong</ex> folly</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Steep; precipitous.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>Like a tower upon a <qex>headlong</qex> rock.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Head"-lugged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lugged or

dragged by the head.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe

<xex>head-lugged</xex> bear.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Head"man`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Headmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS.

<ets>he\'a0fodman</ets>.]</ety> <def>A head or leading man,

especially of a village community.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Head"mold" shot"</hw>, <hw>Head"mould` shot"</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An old name for the

condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are

<xex>shot</xex>, over each other at the sutures.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Head"most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Most

advanced; most forward; <as>as, the <ex>headmost</ex> ship in a

fleet</as>.</def>



<hw>Head"note`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A note at

the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an abstract of a

case, showing the principles involved and the opinion of the

court.</def>



<hw>Head"pan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>he\'a0fodpanne</ets>.]</ety> <def>The brainpan.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Head"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Head.</def>



<q>In his <qex>headpiece</qex> he felt a sore pain.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as

distinguished from the closed helmet of the Middle Ages.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Understanding; mental faculty.</def>



<q>Eumenes had the best <qex>headpiece</qex> of all Alexander's

captains.</q>

<qau>Prideaux.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter,

or of a page.</def>



<hw>Head"quar`ters</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[but

sometimes used as a <pos>n. sing.</pos>]</ety> <def>The quarters

or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general in

command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from

which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of

authority or order.</def>



<q>The brain, which is the <qex>headquarters</qex>, or office, of

intelligence.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<hw>Head"race`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Race</er>, a water course.</def>



<hw>Head"Rome`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Headway</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Head"rope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a boltrope which is sewed to

the upper edge or head of a sail.</def>



<hw>Head"sail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Any sail set forward of the

foremast.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Head`shake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of

denial.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Head"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Authority or dignity;

chief place.</def>



<hw>Heads"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Headsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>An executioner who

cuts off heads.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Head"spring`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fountain;

source.</def>



<q>The <qex>headspring</qex> of our belief.</q>

<qau>Stapleton.</qau>



<hw>Head"stall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That part

of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Head"stock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A part (usually separate from the bed or

frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a

machine</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of a lathe that

holds the revolving spindle and its attachments; -- also called

<altname>poppet head</altname>, the opposite corresponding part

being called a <xex>tailstock</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc.</def>



<hw>Head"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner

stone.</def>



<au>Ps. cxviii. 22.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The stone at the head of a grave.</def>



<hw>Head"strong`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate;

stubborn.</def>



<q>Not let <qex>headstrong</qex> boy my will control.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding

from obstinacy.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; unratable;

stubborn; unruly; venturesome; heady.</syn>



<hw>Head"strong`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Obstinacy.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gayton.</au>



<hw>Head"tire`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A headdress.</def> \'bdA <xex>headtire</xex> of fine

linen.\'b8



<au>1 Edras iii. 6.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The manner of dressing the head, as at a

particular time and place.</def>



<hw>Head"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or

success of any kind.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Clear space under an arch,

girder, and the like, sufficient to allow of easy passing

underneath.</def><-- = clearance, or headroom[Brit.] -->



<hw>Head"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Mental

labor.</def>



<hw>Head"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Head</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will

or passion; ungovernable.</def>



<q>All the talent required is to be hot, to be <qex>heady</qex>,

-- to be violent on one side or the other.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Apt to affect the head; intoxicating;

strong.</def>



<q>The liquor is too <qex>heady</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Violent; impetuous.</def> \'bdA <xex>heady</xex>

currance.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Heal</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Hele</er>.]</ety>

<def>To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the

like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Heal</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Healed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Healing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>helen</ets>,

<ets>h\'91len</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'d6lan</ets>, fr.

<ets>h\'bel</ets> hale, sound, whole; akin to OS.

<ets>h<emac/lian</ets>, D. <ets>heelen</ets>, G.

<ets>heilen</ets>, Goth. <ets>hailjan</ets>. See

<er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make hale, sound, or

whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to

restore to soundness or health.</def>



<q>Speak the word only, and my servant shall be

<qex>healed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. viii. 8.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to

cure; -- said of a disease or a wound.</def>



<q>I will <qex>heal</qex> their backsliding.</q>

<qau>Hos. xiv. 4.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To restore to original purity or

integrity.</def>



<q>Thus saith the Lord, I have <qex>healed</qex> these

waters.</q>

<qau>2 Kings ii. 21.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make

whole; to free from guilt; as, to <qex>heal</qex>

dissensions</def>.



<hw>Heal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow sound;

to return to a sound state; <as>as, the limb <ex>heals</ex>, or

the wound <ex>heals</ex></as>; -- sometimes with <xex>up</xex> or

<xex>over</xex>; <as>as, it will <ex>heal</ex> up, or

over</as>.</def>



<q>Those wounds <qex>heal</qex> ill that men do give

themselves.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Heal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/lu</ets>,

<ets>h<?/l</ets>. See <er>Heal</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Health.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Heal"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being healed.</def>



<hw>Heal"all`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A common herb of the Mint family (<spn>Brunela

vulgaris</spn>), destitute of active properties, but anciently

thought a panacea.</def>



<hw>Heald</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.

<er>Heddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A heddle.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Heal"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending or

serving to heal; healing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ecclus. xv. 3.</au>



<hw>Heal"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to cure; soothing;

mollifying; <as>as, the <ex>healing</ex> art; a <ex>healing</ex>

salve; <ex>healing</ex> words.</as></def>



<q>Here <qex>healing</qex> dews and balms abound.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<hw>Heal"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to heal or

cure.</def>



<hw>Health</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>helthe</ets>, AS. <ets>h</ets><?/lp, fr. <ets>h\'bel</ets>

hale, sound, whole. See <er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or

soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease

or pain.</def>



<q>There is no <qex>health</qex> in us.</q>

<qau>Book of Common Prayer.</qau>



<q>Though <qex>health</qex> may be enjoyed without gratitude, it

can not be sported with without loss, or regained by courage.</q>

<qau>Buckminster.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a

person in a toast.</def> \'bdCome, love and <xex>health</xex> to

all.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Bill of health</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Health lift</col>, <cd>a machine for exercise, so

arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a

spring of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the

muscles of the body are brought into gradual action; -- also

called <altname>lifting machine</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Health

officer</col>, <cd>one charged with the enforcement of the

sanitary laws of a port or other place.</cd> -- <col>To drink a

health</col>. <cd>See under <er>Drink</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Health"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole;

sound; healthy; <as>as, a <ex>healthful</ex> body or mind; <ex>a

healthful</ex> plant.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Serving to promote health of body or mind;

wholesome; salubrious; salutary; <as>as, a <ex>healthful</ex>

air, diet</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>healthful</qex> Spirit of thy grace.</q>

<qau>Book of Common Prayer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from,

health or soundness; <as>as, a <ex>healthful</ex>

condition</as>.</def>



<q>A mind . . . <qex>healthful</qex> and so

well-proportioned.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Well-disposed; favorable.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Gave <qex>healthful</qex> welcome to their shipwrecked

guests.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Health"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In health;

wholesomely.</def>



<hw>Health"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

healthful.</def>



<hw>Health"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

healthy manner.</def>



<hw>Health"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

healthy or healthful; freedom from disease.</def>



<hw>Health"less</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without

health, whether of body or mind; in firm.</def> \'bdA

<xex>healthless</xex> or old age.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not conducive to health; unwholesome.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Health"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

health<?/ess.</def>



<hw>Health"some</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wholesome;

salubrious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Healthsome</xex>

air.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Health"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>In

the direction of health; <as>as, a <ex>healthward</ex>

tendency</as>.</def>



<hw>Health"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Healthier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Healthiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound;

free from disease; <as>as, a <ex>healthy</ex> chid; a

<ex>healthy</ex> plant.</as></def>



<q>His mind was now in a firm and <qex>healthy</qex> state.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Evincing health; <as>as, a <ex>healthy</ex>

pulse; a <ex>healthy</ex> complexion.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious;

salutary; <as>as, a <ex>healthy</ex> exercise; a <ex>healthy</ex>

climate.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful;

wholesome; salutary.</syn>



<hw>Heam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

cid<ets>hamma</ets> womb, OD. <ets>hamme</ets> afterbirth, LG.

<ets>hamen</ets>.]</ety> <def>The afterbirth or secundines of a

beast.</def>



<hw>Heap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>heep</ets>, <ets>heap</ets>, heap, multitude, AS.

<ets>he\'a0p</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>h<?/p</ets>, D.

<ets>hoop</ets>, OHG. <ets>houf</ets>, <ets>h<?/fo</ets>, G.

<ets>haufe</ets>, <ets>haufen</ets>, Sw. <ets>hop</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hob</ets>., Icel. <ets>h<?/pr</ets> troop, flock, Russ.

<ets>kupa</ets> heap, crowd, Lith. <ets>kaupas</ets>. Cf.

<er>Hope</er>, in <ets>Forlorn hope</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of

persons.</def> <mark>[Now Low or Humorous]</mark>



<q>The wisdom of a <qex>heap</qex> of learned men.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>A <qex>heap</qex> of vassals and slaves.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>He had <qex>heaps</qex> of friends.</q>

<qau>W.Black.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A great number or large quantity of things not

placed in a pile.</def> <mark>[Now Low or Humorous]</mark>



<q>A vast <qex>heap</qex>, both of places of scripture and

quotations.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<q>I have noticed a <qex>heap</qex> of things in my life.</q>

<qau>R. L. Stevenson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a

body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation; <as>as, a

<ex>heap</ex> of earth or stones</as>.</def>



<q>Huge <qex>heaps</qex> of slain around the body rise.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<-- (Computer programming) The main segment of memory available

for dynamic assignment -->



<hw>Heap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Heaped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Heaping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>he\'a0pian</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To collect in

great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate; -- usually

with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>heap</ex> up

treasures</as>.</def>



<q>Though he <qex>heap</qex> up silver as the dust.</q>

<qau>Job. xxvii. 16.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to

pile; <as>as, to <ex>heap</ex> stones</as>; -- often with

<xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <xex>heap</xex> up earth</as>; or with

<xex>on</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>heap</ex> on wood or

coal</as>.</def>



<-- p. 678 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To form or round into a heap, as in measuring;

to fill (a measure) more than even full.</def>



<hw>Heap"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who heaps,

piles, or amasses.</def>



<hw>Heap"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lying in

heaps.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<hw>Hear</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Heard</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hearing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>heren</ets>, AS,. <ets>hi\'82ran</ets>,

<ets>h</ets><?/<ets>ran</ets>, <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>ran</ets>;

akin to OS. <ets>h<?/rian</ets>, OFries. <ets>hera</ets>,

<ets>hora</ets>, D. <ets>hooren</ets>, OHG. <ets>h<?/ren</ets>,

G. <ets>h\'94ren</ets>, Icel. <ets>heyra</ets>, Sw:

<ets>h\'94ra</ets>, Dan. <ets>hore</ets>, Goth.

<ets>hausjan</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/, E. <ets>acoustic</ets>.

Cf. <er>Hark</er>, <er>Hearken</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the

ear; <as>as, to <ex>hear</ex> sounds; to <ex>hear</ex> a voice;

to <ex>hear</ex> one call.</as></def>



<q>Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst

<qex>hear</qex> the tread of travelers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He had been <qex>heard</qex> to utter an ominous growl.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give audience or attention to; to listen to;

to heed; to accept the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to

examine; to try in a judicial court; <as>as, to <ex>hear</ex> a

recitation; to <ex>hear</ex> a class; the case will be

<ex>heard</ex> to-morrow.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To attend, or be present at, as hearer or

worshiper; <as>as, to <ex>hear</ex> a concert; to <ex>hear</ex>

Mass.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give attention to as a teacher or

judge.</def>



<q>Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of

the king to <qex>hear</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xv. 3.</qau>



<q>I beseech your honor to <qex>hear</qex> me one single

word.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen

to and answer favorably; to favor.</def>



<q>I love the Lord, because he hath <qex>heard</qex> my

voice.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxvi. 1.</qau>



<q>They think that they shall be <qex>heard</qex> for their much

speaking.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 7.</qau>



<cs><col>Hear him</col>. <cd>See Remark, under <er>Hear</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos></cd> -- <col>To hear a bird sing</col>, <cd>to

receive private communication. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hear say</col>, <cd>to hear one

say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Hear</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have the

sense or faculty of perceiving sound.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>Hearing</xex> ear.\'b8



<au>Prov. xx. 12.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use the power of perceiving sound; to

perceive or apprehend by the ear; to attend; to listen.</def>



<q>So spake our mother Eve, and Adam <qex>heard</qex>,

Well pleased, but answered not.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be informed by oral communication; to be

told; to receive information by report or by letter.</def>



<q>I have <qex>heard</qex>, sir, of such a man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I must <qex>hear</qex> from thee every day in the hour.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To hear ill</col>, <cd>to be blamed.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>



<q>Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he

<qex>heard ill</qex> for his temporizing and slow

proceedings.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



-- <col>To hear well</col>, <cd>to be praised.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hear</xex>, or <xex>Hear him</xex>, is often

used in the imperative, especially in the course of a speech in

English assemblies, to call attention to the words of the

speaker.</note>



<q><qex>Hear him</qex>, . . . a cry indicative, according to the

tone, of admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Heard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Hear</er>.</def>



<hw>Hear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who hears;

an auditor.</def>



<hw>Hear"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the faculty or

sense by which sound is perceived; <as>as, my <ex>hearing</ex> is

good</as>.</def>



<q>I have heard of thee by the <qex>hearing</qex> of the ear.</q>

<qau>Job xlii. 5.</qau>



<note><hand/ Hearing in a special sensation, produced by

stim<?/<?/ation of the auditory nerve; the stimulus (waves of

sound) acting not directly on the nerve, but through the medium

of the endolymph on the delicate epithelium cells, constituting

the peripheral terminations of the nerve. See

<er>Ear</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to

be heard; audience; <as>as, I could not obtain a

<ex>hearing</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake

of adjudication; a session of a court for considering proofs and

determining issues.</def>



<q>His last offenses to us

Shall have judicious <qex>hearing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Another <qex>hearing</qex> before some other court.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hearing</xex>, as applied to equity cases,

means the same thing that the word <xex>trial</xex> does at

law.</note>



<au>Abbot.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Extent within which sound may be heard; sound;

earshot.</def> \'bdShe's not within <xex>hearing</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>They laid him by the pleasant shore,

And in the <qex>hearing</qex> of the wave.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Heark"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hearkened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hearkening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hercnen</ets>,

<ets>hercnien</ets>, AS. <ets>hercnian</ets>,

<ets>heorcnian</ets>, fr. <ets>hi\'82ran</ets>,

<ets>h<?/ran</ets>, to hear; akin to OD. <ets>harcken</ets>,

<ets>horcken</ets>, LG. <ets>harken</ets>, <ets>horken</ets>, G.

<ets>horchen</ets>. See <er>Hear</er>, and cf.

<er>Hark</er>..]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To listen; to lend the

ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in

order to obey or comply.</def>



<q>The Furies <qex>hearken</qex>, and their snakes uncurl.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q><qex>Hearken</qex>, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the

judgments, which I teach you.</q>

<qau>Deut. iv. 1.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inquire; to seek information.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Hearken</xex> after their

offense.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See <er>Attend</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos></syn>



<hw>Heark"en</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hear by

listening.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>[She] <qex>hearkened</qex> now and then

Some little whispering and soft groaning sound.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give heed to; to hear attentively.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The King of Naples . . . <qex>hearkens</qex> my brother's

suit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To hearken out</col>, <cd>to search out.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<q>If you find none, you must <qex>hearken out</qex> a vein and

buy.</q>

<qau>B. Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Heark"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hearkens; a listener.</def>



<hw>Hear"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Rehearsal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hear"say`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Report;

rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another.</def>



<q>Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of

our great national poet originated in frivolous

<qex>hearsays</qex> of his life and conversation.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<cs><col>Hearsay evidence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that

species of testimony which consists in a a narration by one

person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few

exceptions, inadmissible as testimony.</cd></cs>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<hw>Hearse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A hind in the year of its age.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Hearse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Herse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A framework of wood or

metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and

covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights

and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during

the funeral ceremonies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral

monument.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdUnderneath this marble

<xex>hearse</xex>.\'b8



<au>B. Johnson.</au>



<q>Beside the <qex>hearse</qex> a fruitful palm tree grows.</q>

<qau>Fairfax</qau>



<q>Who lies beneath this sculptured <qex>hearse</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to

the grave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Set down, set down your honorable load,

It honor may be shrouded in a <qex>hearse</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A carriage specially adapted or used for

conveying the dead to the grave.</def>



<hw>Hearse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To inclose in a hearse; to

entomb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWould she were

<xex>hearsed</xex> at my foot.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hearse"cloth`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall.</def>



<au>Bp. Sanderson.</au>



<hw>Hearse"like"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suitable

to a funeral.</def>



<q>If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many

<qex>hearselike</qex> airs as carols.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Heart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>harte</ets>, <ets>herte</ets>, <ets>heorte</ets>, AS.

<ets>heorte</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>herta</ets>, OFies.

<ets>hirte</ets>, D. <ets>hart</ets>, OHG. <ets>herza</ets>, G.

<ets>herz</ets>, Icel. <ets>hjarta</ets>, Sw. <ets>hjerta</ets>,

Goth. <ets>ha\'a1rt<?/</ets>, Lith. <ets>szirdis</ets>, Russ.

<ets>serdtse</ets>, Ir. <ets>cridhe</ets>, L. cor, Gr. <?/, <?/

<?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Accord</er>, <er>Discord</er>,

<er>Cordial</er>, 4th <er>Core</er>, <er>Courage</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A hollow, muscular organ,

which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of

the blood.</def>



<q>Why does my blood thus muster to my <qex>heart</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ In adult mammals and birds, the heart is

four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely

separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood

flows from the systematic veins to the right auricle, thence to

the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then

returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left

ventricle, from which it is driven into the systematic arteries.

See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Aorta</er>. In fishes there are

but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from

the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence

returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the

separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in

reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less

completely.

   The so-called <xex>lymph hearts</xex>, found in many

amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump

the lymph into the veins.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The seat of the affections or sensibilities,

collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage,

and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; --

usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better

or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and

purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral

affections and character itself; the individual disposition and

character; <as>as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish

<ex>heart</ex></as>.</def>



<q><qex>Hearts</qex> are dust, <qex>hearts'</qex> loves

remain.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The nearest the middle or center; the part most

hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body

or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the

chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic

or efficient action; <as>as, the <ex>heart</ex> of a country, of

a tree, etc</as>.</def>



<q>Exploits done in the <qex>heart</qex> of France.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Peace subsisting at the <qex>heart</qex>

Of endless agitation.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.</def>



<q>Eve, recovering <qex>heart</qex>, replied.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The expelled nations take <qex>heart</qex>, and when they fly

from one country invade another.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Vigorous and efficient activity; power of

fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or

bad.</def>



<q>That the spent earth may gather <qex>heart</qex> again.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which resembles a heart in shape;

especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse

point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation,

-- used as a symbol or representative of the heart.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>One of a series of playing cards, distinguished

by the figure or figures of a heart; <as>as, <ex>hearts</ex> are

trumps</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Vital part; secret meaning; real

intention.</def>



<q>And then show you the <qex>heart</qex> of my message.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar

address.</def> \'bdI speak to thee, my <xex>heart</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<note><hand/ <ex>Heart</ex> is used in many compounds, the most

of which need no special explanation; as,

<ex>heart</ex>-appalling, <ex>heart</ex>-breaking,

<ex>heart</ex>-cheering, <ex>heart</ex>-chilled,

<ex>heart</ex>-expanding, <ex>heart</ex>-free,

<ex>heart</ex>-hardened, <ex>heart</ex>-heavy,

<ex>heart</ex>-purifying, <ex>heart</ex>-searching,

<ex>heart</ex>-sickening, <ex>heart</ex>-sinking,

<ex>heart</ex>-stirring, <ex>heart</ex>-touching,

<ex>heart</ex>-wearing, <ex>heart</ex>-whole,

<ex>heart</ex>-wounding, <ex>heart</ex>-wringing, etc.</note>



<cs><col>After one's own heart</col>, <cd>conforming with one's

inmost approval and desire; as, a friend <xex>after my own

heart<xex>.</cd>



<q>The Lord hath sought him a man <qex>after his own

heart</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xiii. 14.</qau>



-- <col>At heart</col>, <cd>in the inmost character or

disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is <xex>at heart</xex> a

good man.</cd> -- <col>By heart</col>, <cd>in the closest or most

thorough manner; as, to know or learn <xex>by heart</xex>.

\'bdComposing songs, for fools to get <xex>by heart</xex>\'b8

(that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly).

<au>Pope</au>.</cd> -- <col>For my heart</col>, <cd>for my life;

if my life were at stake. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI could not get

him <xex>for my heart</xex> to do it.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.</cd> --

<col>Heart bond</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>a bond in which

no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet

in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid

header fashion. <au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Heart and

hand</col>, <cd>with enthusiastic co\'94peration.</cd> --

<col>Heart hardness</col>, <cd>hardness of heart; callousness of

feeling; moral insensibility. <au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>Heart

heaviness</col>, <cd>depression of spirits. <au>Shak</au>.</cd>

-- <col>Heart point</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>the fess point.

See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heart rising</col>, <cd>a

rising of the heart, as in opposition.</cd> -- <col>Heart

shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any marine, bivalve shell

of the genus <spn>Cardium</spn> and allied genera, having a

heart-shaped shell; esp., the European <spn>Isocardia cor</spn>;

-- called also <altname>heart cockle</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Heart sickness</col>, <cd>extreme depression of

spirits.</cd> -- <col>Heart and soul</col>, <cd>with the utmost

earnestness.</cd> -- <col>Heart urchin</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any heartshaped, spatangoid sea

urchin. See <er>Spatangoid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heart wheel</col>,

<cd>a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See <er>Cam</er>.</cd> --

<col>In good heart</col>, <cd>in good courage; in good hope.</cd>

-- <col>Out of heart</col>, <cd>discouraged.</cd> -- <col>Poor

heart</col>, <cd>an exclamation of pity.</cd> -- <col>To break

the heart of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bring to despair or

hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bring almost to completion; to finish very

nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has <xex>broken

the heart</xex> of the task.</cd> -- <col>To find in the

heart</col>, <cd>to be willing or disposed. \'bdI could <xex>find

in my heart</xex> to ask your pardon.\'b8 <au>Sir P.

Sidney</au>.</cd> -- <col>To have at heart</col>, <cd>to desire

(anything) earnestly.</cd> -- <col>To have in the heart</col>,

<cd>to purpose; to design or intend to do.</cd> -- <col>To have

the heart in the mouth</col>, <cd>to be much frightened.</cd> --

<col>To lose heart</col>, <cd>to become discouraged.</cd> --

<col>To lose one's heart</col>, <cd>to fall in love.</cd> --

<col>To set the heart at rest</col>, <cd>to put one's self at

ease.</cd> -- <col>To set the heart upon</col>, <cd>to fix the

desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of.</cd> --

<col>To take heart of grace</col>, <cd>to take courage.</cd> --

<col>To take to heart</col>, <cd>to grieve over.</cd> -- <col>To

wear one's heart upon one's sleeve</col>, <cd>to expose one's

feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive.</cd> --

<col>With all one's whole heart</col>, <cd>very earnestly; fully;

completely; devotedly.</cd></cs>



<hw>Heart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give heart

to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My cause is <qex>hearted</qex>; thine hath no less reason.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Heart</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form a compact center or

heart; <as>as, a <ex>hearting</ex> cabbage</as>.</def>



<hw>Heart"ache`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>heortece</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental

pang.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Heart"break`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Crushing

sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Heart"break`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing overpowering

sorrow.</def>



<hw>Heart"bro`ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Overcome

by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved.</def>



<hw>Heart"burn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An uneasy, burning sensation in the

stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is

sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of often

complaints.</def>



<hw>Heart"burned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

heartburn.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Heart"burn`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing

discontent.</def>



<hw>Heart"burn`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Heartburn</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Discontent; secret enmity.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<q>The transaction did not fail to leave

<qex>heartburnings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<hw>Heart"dear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sincerely

beloved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Heart"deep`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rooted in

the heart.</def>



<au>Herbert.</au>



<hw>Heart"-eat`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Preying

on the heart.</def>



<hw>Heart"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a heart;

having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections,

disposition, or character).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shaped like a heart; cordate.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Landor.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Seated or laid up in the heart.</def>



<q>I hate the Moor: my cause is <qex>hearted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ This word is chiefly used in composition; as,

hard-<xex>hearted</xex>, faint-<xex>hearted</xex>,

kind-<xex>hearted</xex>, lion-<xex>hearted</xex>,

stout-<xex>hearted</xex>, etc. Hence the nouns

hard-<xex>hearted</xex>ness, faint-<xex>hearted</xex>ness,

etc.</note>



<hw>Heart"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Earnestness;

sincerity; heartiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<note><hand/ See also the Note under <er>Hearted</er>. The

analysis of the compounds gives <xex>hard-hearted</xex> +

-<xex>ness</xex>, rather than <xex>hard</xex> +

<xex>heartedness</xex>, etc.</note>



<hw>Heart"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To encourage; to animate;

to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden.</def>



<q><qex>Hearten</qex> those that fight in your defense.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To restore fertility or strength to, as to

land.</def>



<hw>Heart"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up.</def>



<au>W. Browne.</au>



<hw>Heart"felt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hearty;

sincere.</def>



<hw>Heart"grief`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Heartache;

sorrow.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hearth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>harthe</ets>, <ets>herth</ets>, <ets>herthe</ets>, AS.

<ets>heor<?/</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haard</ets>,

<ets>heerd</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84rd</ets>, G. <ets>herd</ets>; cf.

Goth. <ets>ha\'a3ri</ets> a coal, Icel. <ets>hyrr</ets> embers,

and L. <ets>cremare</ets> to burn.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on

which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a

corresponding part of a stove.</def>



<q>There was a fire on the <qex>hearth</qex> burning before

him.</q>

<qau>Jer. xxxvi. 22.</qau>



<q>Where fires thou find'st unraked and <qex>hearths</qex>

unswept.

There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its

inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Metal. & Manuf.)</fld> <def>The floor of a

furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest

part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material

settles.</def>



<cs><col>Hearth ends</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>fragments of

lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Hearth money</col>, <col>Hearth penny</col></mcol>

<ety>[AS. <ets>heor<edh/pening<ets>]</ety>, a <cd>tax formerly

laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the

church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called

also <altname>chimney money</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>



<q>He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them

from the . . . burden of the <qex>hearth money</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Hearth"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stone

forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home.</def>



<q>Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and

patriot grave to every living heart and

<qex>hearthstone</qex>.</q>

<qau>A. Lincoln.</qau>



<hw>Heart"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hearty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>From the heart; with all

the heart; with sincerity.</def>



<q>I <qex>heartily</qex> forgive them.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly;

cordially; <as>as, he <ex>heartily</ex> assisted the

prince</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To eat heartily</col>, <cd>to eat freely and with

relish.</cd></cs>



<au>Addison.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously;

actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly.</syn>



<-- p. 679 -->



<hw>Hear"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

of being hearty; <as>as, the <ex>heartiness</ex> of a

greeting</as>.</def>



<hw>Heart"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without a

heart.</def>



<q>You have left me <qex>heartess</qex>; mine is in your

bosom.</q>

<qau>J. Webster.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute of courage; spiritless;

despodent.</def>



<q><qex>Heartless</qex> they fought, and quitted soon their

ground.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q><qex>Heartless</qex> and melancholy.</q>

<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Destitute of feeling or affection;

unsympathetic; cruel.</def> \'bdThe <xex>heartless</xex>

parasites.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Heart"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Heart"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Heart"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n..</pos> <def>A little

heart.</def>



<hw>Heart"lings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>An

exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Heart"pea`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Heartseed</er>.</def>



<hw>Heart"quake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Trembling

of the heart; trepidation; fear.</def>



<q>In many an hour of danger and <qex>heartquake</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Heart"rend`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing

intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing.</def>



<hw>Heart"-rob`bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Depriving of thought; ecstatic.</def>

\'bd<xex>Heart-robbing</xex> gladness.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stealing the heart or affections; winning.</def>



<hw>Heart's"-ease`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or

feeling.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of violet

(<spn>Viola tricolor</spn>); -- called also

<altname>pansy</altname>.</def>



<hw>Heart"seed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A climbing plant of the genus

<spn>Cardiospermum</spn>, having round seeds which are marked

with a spot like a heart.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<hw>Heart"shaped`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the shape of a heart; cordate</def>.



<hw>Heart"sick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>heorise\'a2c</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sick at heart; extremely

depressed in spirits; very despondent.</def>



<hw>Heart"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Merry;

cheerful; lively.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Heart"-spoon`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A part of

the breastbone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He feeleth through the <qex>herte-spon</qex> the pricke.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Heart"strick`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Shocked; dismayed.</def>



<hw>Heart"strike`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

affect at heart; to shock.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe seek

to <xex>heartstrike</xex> us.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Heart"string`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nerve

or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Sobbing, as if a <qex>hearstring</qex> broke.</q>

<qau>Moore.</qau>



<hw>Heart"struck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind.</def> \'bdHis

<xex>heartstruck</xex> injuries.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed;

heartstricken.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Heart"swell`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Rankling in, or swelling, the heart.</def>

\'bd<xex>Heartswelling</xex> hate.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Heart"-whole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the heart or

affections free; not in love.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With unbroken courage; undismayed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of a single and sincere heart.</def>



<q>If he keeps <qex>heart-whole</qex> towards his Master.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<hw>Heart"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hard,

central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and

matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer

layers. It is technically known as <xex>duramen</xex>, and

distinguished from the softer <xex>sapwood</xex> or

<xex>alburnum</xex>.</def>



<hw>Heart"-wound`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wounded

to the heart with love or grief.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Heart"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Heartier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Heartiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial;

bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager;

<as>as, a <ex>hearty</ex> welcome; <ex>hearty</ex> in supporting

the government.</as></def>



<q>Full of <qex>hearty</qex> tears

For our good father's loss.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not

weak; <as>as, a <ex>hearty</ex> timber</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant;

<as>as, <ex>hearty</ex> food; a <ex>hearty</ex> meal.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial;

earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Hearty</er>, <er>Cordial</er>, <er>Sincere</er>.

<xex>Hearty</xex> implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and

manners; <xex>cordial</xex> refers to the warmth and liveliness

with which the feelings are expressed; <xex>sincere</xex> implies

that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the

heart. A man should be <xex>hearty</xex> in his attachment to his

friends, <xex>cordial</xex> in his reception of them to his

house, and <xex>sincere</xex> in his offers to assist

them.</usage>



<hw>Heart"y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hearties</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def> Comrade; boon companion; good fellow;

-- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Heart"y*hale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Good for

the heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Heat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hete</ets>, <ets>h\'91te</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/tu</ets>,

<ets>h<?/to</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'bet</ets> hot; akin to OHG.

<ets>heizi</ets> heat, Dan. <ets>hede</ets>, Sw.

<ets>hetta</ets>. See <er>Hot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but

especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which,

as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action,

chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through

the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion,

being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It

was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to

which was given the name <xex>caloric</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ As affecting the human body, heat produces different

sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or

sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or

amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sensation caused by the force or influence

of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the

human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire,

the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of <xex>cold</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>High temperature, as distinguished from low

temperature, or cold; <as>as, the <ex>heat</ex> of summer and the

cold of winter; <ex>heat</ex> of the skin or body in fever,

etc.</as></def>



<q>Else how had the world . . . 

Avoided pinching cold and scorching <qex>heat</qex>!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Indication of high temperature; appearance,

condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature;

redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which

something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or

otherwise.</def>



<q>It has raised . . . <qex>heats</qex> in their faces.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>The <qex>heats</qex> smiths take of their iron are a blood-red

<qex>heat</qex>, a white-flame <qex>heat</qex>, and a sparking or

welding <qex>heat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Moxon.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A single complete operation of heating, as at a

forge or in a furnace; <as>as, to make a horseshoe in a certain

number of <ex>heats</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A violent action unintermitted; a single effort;

a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses;

<as>as, he won two <ex>heats</ex> out of three</as>.</def>



<q>Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the

<qex>heats</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>[He] struck off at one <qex>heat</qex> the matchless tale of

\'bdTam o'Shanter.\'b8</q>

<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; <as>as, the

<ex>heat</ex> of battle or party</as>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>heat</xex> of their division.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement;

exasperation.</def> \'bdThe <xex>head</xex> and hurry of his

rage.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Animation, as in discourse; ardor;

fervency.</def>



<q>With all the strength and <qex>heat</qex> of eloquence.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Sexual excitement in animals.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Fermentation.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Animal heat</col>, <col>Blood heat</col>,

<col>Capacity for heat</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under

<er>Animal</er>, <er>Blood</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Atomic

heat</col> (<fld>Chem.</fld>), <cd>the product obtained by

multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific

heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant,

the mean value being 6.4.</cd> -- <col>Dynamical theory of

heat</col>, <cd>that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a

peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate

particles of matter.</cd> <col>Heat engine</col></mcol>, <cd>any

apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made

to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air

engine, or a steam engine.</cd> -- <col>Heat producers</col>.

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Food</er>.</cd> --

<col>Heat rays</col>, <cd>a term formerly applied to the rays

near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the

visible spectrum.</cd> -- <col>Heat weight</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the product of any quantity of heat by

the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute

temperature; -- called also <altname>thermodynamic

function</altname>, and <altname>entropy</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Mechanical equivalent of heat</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Equivalent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Specific heat of a

substance</col><cd> (at any temperature), the number of units of

heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the

substance at that temperature one degree.</cd> -- <col>Unit of

heat</col>, <cd>the quantity of heat required to raise, by one

degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a

certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is

that of 0<deg/ Centigrade, or 32<deg/ Fahrenheit.</cd></cs>



<hw>Heat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Heated</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Heating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>heten</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/tan</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'bet</ets>

hot. See <er>Hot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make hot; to

communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; <as>as, to

<ex>heat</ex> an oven or furnace, an iron, or the

like</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Heat</qex> me these irons hot.</q>

<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to

make feverish.</def>



<q>Pray, walk softly; do not <qex>heat</qex> your blood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to

excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.</def>



<q>A noble emulation <qex>heats</qex> your breast.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Heat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow warm or

not by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication

of heat; <as>as, the iron or the water <ex>heats</ex>

slow<?/y</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the

development of heat by chemical action; <as>as, green hay

<ex>heats</ex> in a mow, and manure in the dunghill</as>.</def>



<hw>Heat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Heat</er>.</ety> <def>Heated; <as>as, the iron though

<ex>heat</ex> red-hot</as></def>. <mark>[Obs. or Archaic.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Heat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, heats.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace,

stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat

to something, or to contain something to be heated.</def>



<cs><col>Feed heater</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Feed</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Heath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>heth</ets> waste land, the plant heath, AS.

<ets>h<?/<?/</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>heide</ets>, Icel.

<ets>hei<?/r</ets> waste land, Dan. <ets>hede</ets>, Sw.

<ets>hed</ets>, Goth. <ets>haipi</ets> field, L.

<ets>bucetum</ets> a cow pasture; cf. W. <ets>coed</ets> a wood,

Skr. <ets>ksh<?/tra</ets> field. <root/20.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A low shrub (<spn>Erica, <or/

Calluna, vulgaris</spn>), with minute evergreen leaves, and

handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain

for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It

is also called <altname>heather</altname>, and

<altname>ling</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Also, any

species of the genus <spn>Erica</spn>, of which several are

European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty.

See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Heather</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless

tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage.</def>



<q>Their stately growth, though bare,

Stands on the blasted <qex>heath</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton</qau>



<cs><col>Heath cock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

blackcock. See <cref>Heath grouse</cref> (below).</cd> --

<col>Heath grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of perennial

grass, of the genus <spn>Triodia</spn> (<spn>T. decumbens</spn>),

growing on dry heaths.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Heath grouse</col>,

<or/ <col>Heath game</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

European grouse (<spn>Tetrao tetrix</spn>), which inhabits heats;

-- called also <altname>black game</altname>, <altname>black

grouse</altname>, <altname>heath poult</altname>, <altname>heath

fowl</altname>, <altname>moor fowl</altname>. The male is called,

<altname>heath cock</altname>, and <altname>blackcock</altname>;

the female, <altname>heath hen</altname>, and <altname>gray

hen</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Heath hen</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Heath grouse</cref>

(above).</cd> -- <col>Heath pea</col> <fld>(bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

species of bitter vetch (<spn>Lathyris macrorhizus</spn>), the

tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor

whisky.</cd> -- <col>Heath throstle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring

ouzel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Heath"clad`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clad or

crowned with heath.</def>



<hw>Hea"then</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Heathens</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> or <xex>collectively</xex>

<plw>Heathen</plw></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hethen</ets>, AS.

<ets>h<?/<?/en</ets>, prop. an adj. fr. <ets>h<?/<?/</ets> heath,

and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the

heaths and in the woods (cf. <ets>pagan</ets>, fr.

<ets>pagus</ets> village); akin to OS. <ets>h<?/<?/in</ets>,

adj., D. <ets>heiden</ets> a heathen, G. <ets>heide</ets>, OHG.

<ets>heidan</ets>, Icel. <ets>hei<?/inn</ets>, adj., Sw.

<ets>heden</ets>, Goth. <ets>haipn<?/</ets>, <pos>n.</pos> fem.

See <er>Heath</er>, and cf. <er>Hoiden</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those

which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan;

an idolater.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An irreligious person.</def>



<q>If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and

they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted

<qex>heathens</qex>.</q>

<qau>V. Knox.</qau>



<cs><col>The heathen</col>, <cd>as the term is used in the

Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people

except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans.</cd></cs>



<q>Ask of me, and I shall give thee the <qex>heathen</qex> for

thine inheritance.</q>

<qau>Ps. ii. 8.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See <er>Pagan</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hea"then</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Gentile; pagan; <as>as, a <ex>heathen</ex>

author</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>heathen</xex> philosopher.\'b8 

\'bdAll in gold, like <xex>heathen</xex> gods.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Irreligious; scoffing.</def>



<hw>Hea"then*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<aemac/<edh/end<omac/m</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations,

considered collectively.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heathenism.</def>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Hea"then*esse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<aemac/<edh/ennes</ets>, i. e., heathenness.]</ety>

<def>Heathendom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Hea"then*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<aemac/<edh/enisc</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of

heathens.</def> \'bdWorse than <xex>heathenish</xex> crimes.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Irreligious; <as>as, a <ex>heathenish</ex> way

of living</as>.</def>



<hw>Hea"then*ish"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a heathenish

manner.</def>



<hw>Hea"then*ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being heathenish.</def> \'bdThe . . .

<xex>heathenishness</xex> and profaneness of most playbooks.\'b8



<au>Prynne.</au>



<hw>Hea"then*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry;

paganism.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The manners or morals usually prevalent in a

heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.</def>



<hw>Hea"then*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Heathenized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Heathenizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To render heathen or

heathenish.</def>



<au>Firmin.</au>



<hw>Hea"then*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Heathenesse</er>.]</ety> <def>State of being heathen or like

the heathen.</def>



<hw>Hea"then*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state, quality, or character of the heathen.</def>



<q>Your <qex>heathenry</qex> and your laziness.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heathendom; heathen nations.</def>



<hw>Heath"er</hw> <pr>(?; 277. This is the only pronunciation in

Scotland)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Heath</er>.]</ety>

<def>Heath.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>Gorse and grass

And <qex>heather</qex>, where his footsteps pass,

The brighter seem.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<cs><col>Heather bell</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather

(<spn>Erica Tetralix</spn>, and <spn>E. cinerea</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Heath"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heathy;

abounding in heather; of the nature of heath.</def>



<hw>Heath"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of heath;

abounding with heath; <as>as, <ex>heathy</ex> land;

<ex>heathy</ex> hills.</as></def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Heat"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That heats or

imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action;

stimulating; <as>as, <ex>heating</ex> medicines or

applications</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Heating surface</col> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld>,

<cd>the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated

products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are

exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also

<altname>fire surface</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Heat"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a heating manner;

so as to make or become hot or heated.</def>



<hw>Heat"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of heat;

cold.</def> <au>Beau. & Fl</au>.



<hw>Heave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Heaved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, or

<er>Hove</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Heaved</er>,

<er>Hove</er>, formerly <er>Hoven</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Heaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>heven</ets>, <ets>hebben</ets>, As. <ets>hebban</ets>; akin

to OS. <ets>hebbian</ets>, D. <ets>heffen</ets>, OHG.

<ets>heffan</ets>, <ets>hevan</ets>, G. <ets>heven</ets>, Icel.

<ets>h\'84fva</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'91ve</ets>, Goth.

<ets>hafjan</ets>, L. <ets>capere</ets> to take, seize; cf. Gr.

<?/ handle. Cf. <er>Accept</er>, <er>Behoof</er>,

<er>Capacious</er>, <er>Forceps</er>, <er>haft</er>,

<er>Receipt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to move upward

or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; --

often with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, the wave <ex>heaved</ex> the

boat on land</as>.</def>



<q>One <qex>heaved</qex> ahigh, to be hurled down below.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Heave</xex>, as now used, implies that the

thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used

in a less restricted sense.</note>



<q>Here a little child I stand,

<qex>Heaving</qex> up my either hand.</q>

<qau>Herrick.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or

colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; <as>as, to

<ex>heave</ex> the lead; to <ex>heave</ex> the log.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To force from, or into, any position; to cause

to move; also, to throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical

phrases; <as>as, to <ex>heave</ex> the ship ahead</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To raise or force from the breast; to utter with

effort; <as>as, to <ex>heave</ex> a sigh</as>.</def>



<q>The wretched animal <qex>heaved</qex> forth such groans.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or

bosom.</def>



<q>The glittering, finny swarms

That <qex>heave</qex> our friths, and crowd upon our shores.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<cs><col>To heave a cable short</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to

haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the

anchor.</cd> -- <col>To heave a ship ahead</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to warp her ahead when not under sail, as

by means of cables.</cd> -- <col>To heave a ship down</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to throw or lay her down on one side; to

careen her.</cd> -- <col>To heave a ship to</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to bring the ship's head to the wind, and

stop her motion.</cd> -- <col>To heave about</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to put about suddenly.</cd> -- <col>To

heave in</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to shorten (cable).</cd>

-- <col>To heave in stays</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to put a

vessel on the other tack.</cd> -- <col>To heave out a sail</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to unfurl it.</cd> -- <col>To heave

taut</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn a capstan, etc., till

the rope becomes strained. See <er>Taut</er>, and

<er>Tight</er>.</cd> -- <col>To heave the lead</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to take soundings with lead and

line.</cd> -- <col>To heave the log</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Log</er>.</cd> -- <col>To heave up anchor</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to raise it from the bottom of the sea or

elsewhere.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 680 -->



<hw>Heave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or

mound.</def>



<q>And the huge columns <qex>heave</qex> into the sky.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Where <qex>heaves</qex> the turf in many a moldering heap.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<q>The <qex>heaving</qex> sods of Bunker Hill.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the

lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on

the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to

swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to

struggle.</def>



<q>Frequent for breath his panting bosom <qex>heaves</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<q>The <qex>heaving</qex> plain of ocean.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make an effort to raise, throw, or move

anything; to strain to do something difficult.</def>



<q>The Church of England had struggled and <qex>heaved</qex> at a

reformation ever since Wyclif's days.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to

vomit.</def>



<cs><col>To heave at</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make an effort

at.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To attack, to oppose.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Fuller</au>.</cd> -- <col>To heave in

sight</col> <cd>(as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to

appear.</cd> -- <col>To heave up</col>, <cd>to vomit.

<mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Heave</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An effort to raise

something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something

heavy.</def>



<q>After many strains and <qex>heaves</qex>

He got up to his saddle eaves.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An upward motion; a rising; a swell or

distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the

waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like.</def>



<q>There's matter in these sighs, these profound

<qex>heaves</qex>,

You must translate.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>None could guess whether the next <qex>heave</qex> of the

earthquake would settle . . . or swallow them.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A horizontal dislocation in a

metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another

lode.</def>



<hw>Heav"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>heven</ets>, <ets>hefen</ets>, <ets>heofen</ets>, AS.

<ets>heofon</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hevan</ets>, LG.

<ets>heben</ets>, <ets>heven</ets>, Icel. <ets>hifinn</ets>; of

uncertain origin, cf. D. <ets>hemel</ets>, G. <ets>himmel</ets>,

Icel. <ets>himmin</ets>, Goth. <ets>himins</ets>; perh. akin to,

or influenced by, the root of E. <ets>heave</ets>, or from a root

signifying <ets>to cover</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>gaham<?/n</ets> to

put on, clothe one's self, G. <ets>hemd</ets> shirt, and perh. E.

<ets>chemise</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The expanse of space

surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the

earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the

place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the

plural in this sense.</def>



<q>I never saw the <qex>heavens</qex> so dim by day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the

sun in <qex>heaven</qex>.</q>

<qau>D. Webster.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of

bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death.</def>



<q>Unto the God of love, high <qex>heaven's</qex> King.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>It is a knell

That summons thee to <qex>heaven</qex> or to hell.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>New thoughts of God, new hopes of <qex>Heaven</qex>.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<note><hand/ In this general sense <xex>heaven</xex> and its

corresponding words in other languages have as various definite

interpretations as there are phases of religious belief.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly

of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as

in No. 2.</def>



<q>Her prayers, whom <qex>Heaven</qex> delights to hear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The will

And high permission of all-ruling <qex>Heaven</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort;

perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; <as>as,

a <ex>heaven</ex> of delight</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>heaven</xex>

of beauty.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bdThe brightest <xex>heaven</xex>

of invention.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>O bed! bed! delicious bed!

That <qex>heaven</qex> upon earth to the weary head!</q>

<qau>Hood.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Heaven</xex> is very often used, esp. with

participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no

special explanation; as, <xex>heaven</xex>-appeasing,

<xex>heaven</xex>-aspiring, <xex>heaven</xex>-begot,

<xex>heaven</xex>-born, <xex>heaven</xex>-bred,

<xex>heaven</xex>-conducted, <xex>heaven</xex>-descended,

<xex>heaven</xex>-directed, <xex>heaven</xex>-exalted,

<xex>heaven</xex>-given, <xex>heaven</xex>-guided,

<xex>heaven</xex>-inflicted, <xex>heaven</xex>-inspired,

<xex>heaven</xex>-instructed, <xex>heaven</xex>-kissing,

<xex>heaven</xex>-loved, <xex>heaven</xex>-moving,

<xex>heaven</xex>-protected, <xex>heaven</xex>-taught,

<xex>heaven</xex>-warring, and the like.</note>



<hw>Heav"en</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Heavened</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Heavening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To place in

happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>We are happy as the bird whose nest

Is <qex>heavened</qex> in the hush of purple hills.</q>

<qau>G. Massey.</qau>



<hw>Heav"en*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

render like heaven or fit for heaven.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Heav"en*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Heavenly</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being

heavenly.</def>



<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>



<hw>Heav"en*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>heofonic</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to,

resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; <as>as,

<ex>heavenly</ex> regions; <ex>heavenly</ex> music.</as></def>



<q>As is the <qex>heavenly</qex>, such are they also that are

<qex>heavenly</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. xv. 48.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness;

perfect; pure; supremely blessed; <as>as, a <ex>heavenly</ex>

race; the <ex>heavenly</ex>, throng.</as></def>



<q>The love of heaven makes one <qex>heavenly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Heav"en*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a manner

resembling that of heaven.</def> \'bdShe was <xex>heavenly</xex>

true.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>By the influence or agency of heaven.</def>



<q>Out <qex>heavenly</qex> guided soul shall climb.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Heav"en*ly*mind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable

for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious.</def>

<au>Milner</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Heav"en*ly*mind`ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Heav"en*ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a & adv.</pos>

<def>Toward heaven.</def>



<hw>Heave" of`fer*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Jewish

Antiq.)</fld> <def>An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated

before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See

<er>Wave offering</er>.</def>

<-- sic!? -->



<au>Ex. xxix. 27.</au>



<hw>Heav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks

in handling freight; <as>as, a coal <ex>heaver</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A bar used as a lever.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Heaves</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A disease of

horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the

flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken

wind.</def>



<hw>Heav"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From 2d

<er>Heavy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a heavy manner; with

great weight; <as>as, to bear <ex>heavily</ex> on a thing; to be

<ex>heavily</ex> loaded.</as></def>



<q><qex>Heavily</qex> interested in those schemes of

emigration.</q>

<qau>The Century.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and

laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or

suffering manner; sorrowfully.</def>



<q>And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them

<qex>heavily</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ex. xiv. 25.</qau>



<q>Why looks your grace so <qex>heavily</qex> to-day?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Heav"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness;

oppression; thickness.</def>



<hw>Heav"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lifting or

rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing.</def>



<qau>Addison. Shak.</qau>



<hw>Heav"i*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heavy;

dull.</def> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>



<hw>Heav"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

heaves.</def>



<hw>Heav"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Heavier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Heaviest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hevi</ets>, AS. <ets>hefig</ets>, fr. <ets>hebban</ets> to

lift, heave; akin to OHG. <ets>hebig</ets>, <ets>hevig</ets>,

Icel. <ets>h\'94figr</ets>, <ets>h\'94fugr</ets>. See

<er>Heave</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Heaved or lifted with

labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex>

stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects;

<as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> fall of rain or snow; a <ex>heavy</ex>

failure; <ex>heavy</ex> business transactions, etc.</as>; often

implying strength; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> barrier</as>; also,

difficult to move; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex>

draught</as>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard

to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; <as>as,

<ex>heavy</ex> yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news,

etc</as>.</def>



<q>The hand of the Lord was <qex>heavy</qex> upon them of

Ashdod.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. v. 6.</qau>



<q>The king himself hath a <qex>heavy</qex> reckoning to

make.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Sent hither to impart the <qex>heavy</qex> news.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>Trust him not in matter of <qex>heavy</qex> consequence.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered;

burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care,

grief, pain, disappointment.</def>



<q>The <qex>heavy</qex> [sorrowing] nobles all in council

were.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<q>A light wife doth make a <qex>heavy</qex> husband.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull,

inanimate, stupid; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> gait, looks, manners,

style, and the like; a <ex>heavy</ex> writer or book.</as></def>



<q>Whilst the <qex>heavy</qex> plowman snores.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Of a <qex>heavy</qex>, dull, degenerate mind.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Neither [is] his ear <qex>heavy</qex>, that it can not

hear.</q>

<qau>Is. lix. 1.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Strong; violent; forcible; <as>as, a

<ex>heavy</ex> sea, storm, cannonade, and the like</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Loud; deep; -- said of sound; <as>as,

<ex>heavy</ex> thunder</as>.</def>



<q>But, hark! that <qex>heavy</qex> sound breaks in once

more.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; --

said of the sky.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of

earth; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> road, soil, and the

like</as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Not raised or made light; <as>as, <ex>heavy</ex>

bread</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach;

not easily digested; -- said of food.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Having much body or strength; -- said of wines,

or other liquors.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>With child; pregnant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<cs><col>Heavy artillery</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison,

and seacoast guns.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Troops which serve heavy

guns.</cd> -- <col>Heavy cavalry</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Cavalry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heavy fire</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a continuous or destructive cannonading,

or discharge of small arms.</cd> -- <col>Heavy metal</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>large guns carrying balls of a large size;

also, large balls for such guns.</cd><-- a type of rock music

(1970's), with a hard beat, amplified electronically --> --

<col>Heavy metals</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Metal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heavy weight</col>, <cd>in

wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the

classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. <cref>Feather

weight</cref> <sd>(c)</sd>, under <er>Feather</er>.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ <xex>Heavy</xex> is used in composition to form many

words which need no special explanation; as,

<xex>heavy</xex>-built, <xex>heavy</xex>-browed,

<xex>heavy</xex>-gaited, etc.</note>



<hw>Heav"y</hw><def>, adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in

composition; <as>as, <ex>heavy</ex>-laden</as>.</def>



<hw>Heav"y</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make heavy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Heav"y-armed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying

heavy arms.</def>



<hw>Heav"y-had"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clumsy;

awkward.</def>



<hw>Heav"y-head"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dull;

stupid.</def> \'bdGross <xex>heavy-headed</xex> fellows.\'b8



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Heav"y spar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native

barium sulphate or barite, -- so called because of its high

specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic

minerals.</def>



<hw>Heb"do*mad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hebdomas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <grk>"ebdoma`s</grk>

the number seven days, fr. <?/ seventh, <?/ seven. See

<er>Seven</er>.]</ety> <def>A week; a period of seven days.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Heb*dom"a*dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Heb*dom"a*da*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>hebdomadalis</ets>, LL. <ets>hebdomadarius</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>hebdomadaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of seven

days, or occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly.</def>



<hw>Heb*dom"a*dal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

periods of seven days; weekly.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Heb*dom"a*da*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>hebdomadarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hebdomadier</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A member of a chapter or convent,

whose week it is to officiate in the choir, and perform other

services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the

superiors.</def>



<hw>Heb`do*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hebdomaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Weekly;

hebdomadal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>He"be</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<grk>"h`bh</grk> youth, <grk>"H`bh</grk> Hebe.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of youth,

daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power

of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African ape; the

hamadryas.</def>



<hw>Heb"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ebony.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Heb"e*non</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Henbane</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Heb"e*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hebetated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hebetating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>hebetatus</ets>,

p. p. of <ets>hebetare</ets> to dull. See <er>Hebete</er>.]</ety>

<def>To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; <as>as, to

<ex>hebetate</ex> the intellectual faculties</as>.</def>



<au>Southey</au>



<hw>Heb"e*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Obtuse; dull.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a dull or blunt and

soft point.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Heb`e*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hebetatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82b\'82tation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being blunted or dulled.</def>



<hw>He*bete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hebes</ets>, <ets>hebetis</ets>, dull, stupid, fr.

<ets>hebere</ets> to be dull.]</ety> <def>Dull; stupid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Heb"e*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hebetudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dullness; stupidity.</def>



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>He"bra"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hebraicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hebra\'8bque</ets>.

See <er>Hebrew</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hebrews,

or to the language of the Hebrews.</def>



<hw>He*bra"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>After

the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language.</def>



<hw>He"bra*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>h\'82bra\'8bsme</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression

or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The type of character of the Hebrews.</def>



<q>The governing idea of <qex>Hebraism</qex> is strictness of

conscience.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<hw>He"bra*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>h\'82bra\'8bste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in the Hebrew

language and learning.</def>



<hw>He`bra*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or

idiom.</def>



<hw>He`bra*is"tic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a Hebraistic sense or form.</def>



<q>Which is <qex>Hebraistically</qex> used in the New

Testament.</q>

<qau>Kitto.</qau>



<hw>He"bra*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to speak Hebrew: cf. F. <ets>h\'82bra\'8bser</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or

Hebraistic.</def>



<au>J. R. Smith.</au>



<hw>He"bra*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hebraized</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hebraizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To speak Hebrew,

or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to Hebrew customs.</def>



<hw>He"brew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>H\'82breu</ets>, L. <ets>Hebraeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Heb.

<ets>'ibhr\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An appellative of

Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob;

an Israelite; a Jew.</def>



<q>There came one that had escaped and told Abram the

<qex>Hebrew</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. xiv. 13.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the

Semitic family of languages.</def>



<hw>He"brew</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Hebrews; <as>as, the <ex>Hebrew</ex> language or

rites</as>.</def>



<hw>He"brew*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An Israelitish

woman.</def>



<hw>He*bri"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

Hebraist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>He*brid"e*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>He*brid"i*an</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the

islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of the

Hebrides.</def></def2>



<hw>Hec"a*tomb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hecatombe</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ hundred + <?/ ox: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82catombe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A

sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time; hence,

the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims.</def>



<q>Slaughtered <qex>hecatombs</qex> around them bleed.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>More than a human <qex>hecatomb</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Hec`a*tom"pe*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ hundred feet long, <?/ <?/ the Parthenon; <?/ hundred + <?/

foot.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A name given to the old

Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably

in the width across the stylobate.</def>



<hw>Hec"de*cane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

six + <?/ ten.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, semisolid,

spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, <chform>C16H34</chform>, of the

paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of

kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms

of carbon; -- called also <altname>hexadecane</altname>.</def>



<hw>Heck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hatch</er> a half door.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hack</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The bolt or latch of a

door.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rack for cattle to feed at.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A door, especially one partly of latticework; --

called also <altname>heck door</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A latticework contrivance for catching

fish.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>An apparatus for separating

the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel

from the bobbins, in a warping machine.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A bend or winding of a stream.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<cs><col>Half heck</col>, <cd>the lower half of a door.</cd> --

<col>Heck board</col>, <cd>the loose board at the bottom or back

of a cart.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Heck</col> <col>box <or/

frame</col></mcol>, <cd>that which carries the heck in

warping.</cd></cs>



<hw>Heck"i*mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European blue titmouse (<spn>Parus

c\'d2ruleus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>heckimel</asp>, <asp>hackeymal</asp>, <asp>hackmall</asp>,

<asp>hagmall</asp>, and <asp>hickmall</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hec"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hackle</er>.</def>



<hw>Hec"tare`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Gr.

<?/ hundred + F. <ets>are</ets> an are.]</ety> <def>A measure of

area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square

meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres.</def>



<hw>Hec"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hectique</ets>, Gr. <?/ habitual, consumptive, fr. <?/

habit, a habit of body or mind, fr. <?/ to have; akin to Skr.

<ets>sah</ets> to overpower, endure; cf. AS. <ets>sige</ets>,

<ets>sigor</ets>, victory, G. <ets>sieg</ets>, Goth.

<ets>sigis</ets>. Cf. <er>Scheme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow

waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; <as>as, a

<ex>hectic</ex> type in disease; a <ex>hectic</ex>

flush.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a hectic condition; having hectic fever;

consumptive; <as>as, a <ex>hectic</ex> patient</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hectic fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fever of

irritation and debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of

exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary consumption.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hec"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Hectic fever.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hectic flush.</def>



<q>It is no living hue, but a strange <qex>hectic</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<-- p. 681 -->



<hw>Hec`to*cot"y*lized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Changed into a hectocotylus; having a

hectocotylis.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hec`to*cot"y*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Hectocotyli</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a hundred + <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the arms of the male of most

kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various ways

to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the

greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after

receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and

attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes.</def>



<hw>Hec"to*gram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hectogramme</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ hundred + F.

<ets>gramme</ets> a gram.]</ety> <def>A measure of weight,

containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527 ounces

avoirdupois.</def>



<hw>Hec"to*gramme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The same as <er>Hectogram</er>.</def>



<hw>Hec"to*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hundred + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A contrivance for

multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with

glycerin.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hectograph</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hec"to*li`ter</hw>, <hw>Hec"to*li`tre</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>hectolitre</ets>, fr.

Gr. <?/ hundred + F. <ets>litre</ets> a liter.]</ety> <def>A

measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth

of a cubic meter, nearly 26<frac12/ gallons of wine measure, or

22.0097 imperial gallons. As a dry measure, it contains ten

decaliters, or about 2<frac56/ Winchester bushels.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hec"to*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Hec"to*me`tre</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <?/

<ets>hectom\'8atre</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ hundred + F.

<ets>m\'8atre</ets> a meter.]</ety> <def>A measure of length,

equal to a hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet.</def>



<hw>Hec"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

Trojan warrior <ets>Hector</ets>, the son of Priam.]</ety> <def>A

bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes

or provokes.</def>



<hw>Hec"tor</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hectored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hectoring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat with

insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to

tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hec"tor</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the bully; to

bluster; to be turbulent or insolent.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hec"to*rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hec"tor*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a hector;

blustering; insolent; taunting.</def> \'bd<xex>Hectorly</xex>,

ruffianlike swaggering or huffing.\'b8



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Hec"to*stere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hectost\'8are</ets>; Gr. <?/ hundred + F.

<ets>st\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measure of solidity,

containing one hundred cubic meters, and equivalent to 3531.66

English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet.</def>



<hw>Hed"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Heddles</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf.

<er>Heald</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>One of the sets

of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the

harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten

in a loom.</def>



<hw>Hed"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To draw (the warp thread)

through the heddle-eyes, in weaving.</def>



<hw>Hed"dle-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>The eye or loop formed in each heddle

to receive a warp thread.</def>



<hw>Hed"dling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>vb. n.</pos> <def>The act

of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of a weaver's

harness; the harness itself.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Hed`er*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hederaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>hedera</ets> ivy.]</ety> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, ivy.</def>



<hw>Hed"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to ivy.</def>



<hw>He*der"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or derived from, the ivy (<spn>Hedera</spn>); <as>as,

<ex>hederic</ex> acid, an acid of the acetylene

series</as>.</def>



<hw>Hed`er*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hedera</ets> ivy + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing

ivy; ivy-bearing.</def>



<hw>Hed"er*ose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hederosus</ets>, fr. <ets>hedera</ets> ivy.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy.</def>



<hw>Hedge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hegge</ets>, AS. <ets>hecg</ets>; akin to <ets>haga</ets> an

inclosure, E. <ets>haw</ets>, AS. <ets>hege</ets> hedge, E.

<ets>hay</ets>bote, D. <ets>hegge</ets>, OHG. <ets>hegga</ets>,

G. <ets>hecke</ets>. <root/12. See <er>Haw</er> a hedge.]</ety>

<def>A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such

a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land;

and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line

or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field

to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden.</def>



<q>The roughest berry on the rudest <qex>hedge</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Through the verdant maze

Of sweetbrier <qex>hedges</qex> I pursue my walk.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hedge</xex>, when used adjectively or in

composition, often means <xex>rustic</xex>,

<xex>outlandish</xex>, <xex>illiterate</xex>, <xex>poor</xex>, or

<xex>mean</xex>; as, <xex>hedge</xex> priest;

<xex>hedge</xex>born, etc.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Hedge bells</col>, <col>Hedge

bindweed</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing plant

related to the morning-glory (<spn>Convolvulus

sepium</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Hedge bill</col>, <cd>a long-handled

billhook.</cd> -- <col>Hedge garlic</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Alliaria</spn>. See <cref>Garlic

mustard</cref>, under <er>Garlic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hedge

hyssop</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a bitter herb of the genus

<spn>Gratiola</spn>, the leaves of which are emetic and

purgative.</cd> -- <col>Hedge marriage</col>, <cd>a secret or

clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge

priest.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Hedge mustard</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus

<spn>Sisymbrium</spn>, belonging to the Mustard family.</cd> --

<col>Hedge nettle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb, or under

shrub, of the genus <spn>Stachys</spn>, belonging to the Mint

family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite

harmless.</cd> -- <col>Hedge note</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The

note of a hedge bird.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Low, contemptible

writing. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Dryden</au>.</cd> -- <col>Hedge

priest</col>, <cd>a poor, illiterate priest. <au>Shak</au>.</cd>

-- <col>Hedge school</col>, <cd>an open-air school in the shelter

of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics.</cd> -- <col>Hedge

sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European warbler

(<spn>Accentor modularis</spn>) which frequents hedges. Its color

is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with

white. Called also <altname>chanter</altname>, <altname>hedge

warbler</altname>, <altname>dunnock</altname>, and

<altname>doney</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hedge writer</col>, <cd>an

insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Swift</au>.</cd> -- <col>To breast up a

hedge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breast</er>.</cd> -- <col>To hang

in the hedge</col>, <cd>to be at a standstill.</cd> \'bdWhile the

business of money <xex>hangs in the hedge</xex>.\'b8



<au>Pepys.</au>



<hw>Hedge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hedged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hedging</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence

with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees;

<as>as, to <ex>hedge</ex> a field or garden</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to

hinder from progress or success; -- sometimes with <xex>up</xex>

and <xex>out</xex>.</def>



<q>I will <qex>hedge</qex> up thy way with thorns.</q>

<qau>Hos. ii. 6.</qau>



<q>Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to

<qex>hedge</qex> out incursions from the north.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To surround for defense; to guard; to protect;

to hem (in).</def> \'bdEngland, <xex>hedged</xex> in with the

main.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To surround so as to prevent escape.</def>



<q>That is a law to <qex>hedge</qex> in the cuckoo.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<cs><col>To hedge a bet</col>, <cd>to bet upon both sides; that

is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus

guarding against loss.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hedge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shelter

one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if

by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk

obligations.</def>



<q>I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand

and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to

<qex>hedge</qex> and to lurch.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Betting)</fld> <def>To reduce the risk of a

wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet

on.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To use reservations and qualifications in one's

speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything

definite.</def>



<q>The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to

<qex>hedge</qex> between the parties than . . . to gain favor

from the Roundheads.</q>

<qau>Saintsbury.</qau>



<hw>Hedge"born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Born under

a hedge; of low birth.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hedge"bote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Haybote</er>.</def>



<hw>Hedge"hog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European insectivore

(<spn>Erinaceus Europ\'91us</spn>), and other allied species of

Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body

mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a

ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It

is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Canadian

porcupine.</def><mark>[U.S]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of

<spn>Medicago</spn> (<spn>M. intertexta</spn>), the pods of which

are armed with short spines; -- popularly so called.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A form of dredging machine.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>Hedgehog caterpillar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the hairy larv\'91 of several species of bombycid moths, as

of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed.

See <er>Woolly bear</er>, and <er>Isabella moth</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hedgehog fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any spinose

plectognath fish, esp. of the genus <spn>Diodon</spn>; the

porcupine fish.</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog grass</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a grass with spiny involucres, growing on

sandy shores; burgrass (<spn>Cenchrus tribuloides</spn>).</cd> --

<col>Hedgehog rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several

West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike

tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats

belong to <spn>Capromys</spn>, <spn>Plagiodon</spn>, and allied

genera.</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus

<spn>Murex</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog thistle</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the Cactus family, globular in

form, and covered with spines (<spn>Echinocactus</spn>).</cd> --

<col>Sea hedgehog</col>. <cd>See <er>Diodon</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hedge"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no hedge.</def>



<hw>Hedge"pig`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young

hedgehog.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hedg"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes

or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, <as>as, in

betting</as>.</def>



<hw>Hedge"row`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A row of

shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation of

fields.</def>



<q>By <qex>hedgerow</qex> elms and hillocks green.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hedg"ing bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A hedge bill. See

under <er>Hedge</er>.</def>



<hw>He*don"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ pleasure, <?/ sweet, pleasant.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to pleasure.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic

sect.</def>



<hw>Hed`o*nis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hedonic</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Heed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Heeded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Heeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>heden</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/dan</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>h</ets><?/<ets>dian</ets>, D. <ets>hoeden</ets>, Fries.

<ets>hoda</ets>, OHG. <ets>huoten</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81ten</ets>,

Dan. <ets>hytte</ets>.<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Hood</er>.]</ety>

<def>To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend

to; to observe.</def>



<q>With pleasure Argus the musician <qex>heeds</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To notice; regard; mind. See <er>Attend</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos></syn>



<hw>Heed</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To mind; to consider.</def>



<hw>Heed</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Attention; notice;

observation; regard; -- often with <xex>give</xex> or

<xex>take</xex>.</def>



<q>With wanton <qex>heed</qex> and giddy cunning.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Amasa took no <qex>heed</qex> to the sword that was in Joab's

hand.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xx. 10.</qau>



<q>Birds give more <qex>heed</qex> and mark words more than

beasts.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Careful consideration; obedient regard.</def>



<q>Therefore we ought to give the more earnest <qex>heed</qex> to

the things which we have heard.</q>

<qau>Heb. ii. 1.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A look or expression of heading.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>He did it with a serious mind; a <qex>heed</qex>

Was in his countenance.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Heed"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of heed;

regarding with care; cautious; circumspect; attentive;

vigilant.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Heed"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Heed"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Heed"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without heed or care;

inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unobservant.</def>



<q>O, negligent and <qex>heedless</qex> discipline!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The <qex>heedless</qex> lover does not know

Whose eyes they are that wound him so.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Heed"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Heed"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Heed"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heedful.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Heedy</xex> shepherds.\'b8

<au>Spenser</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Heed"i*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>Heed"i*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser.</au></wordforms>



<hw>Heel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>helden</ets> to lean, incline, AS. <ets>heldan</ets>,

<ets>hyldan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>halla</ets>, Dan.

<ets>helde</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84lla</ets> to tilt, pour, and

perh. to E. <ets>hill</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To

lean or tip to one side, as a ship; <as>as, the ship

<ex>heels</ex> aport; the boat <ex>heeled</ex> over when the

squall struck it.</as></def>



<cs><col>Heeling error</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a deviation

of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one

side or the other.</cd></cs>



<hw>Heel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hele</ets>,

<ets>heele</ets>, AS. <ets>h<emac/la</ets>, perh. for

<ets>h<omac/hila</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>h<emac/h</ets> heel (cf.

<er>Hough</er>); but cf. D. <ets>hiel</ets>, OFries.

<ets>heila</ets>, <ets>h<?/la</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'91ll</ets>,

Dan. <ets>h\'91l</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84l</ets>, and L.

<ets>calx</ets>. <root/12. Cf. <er>Inculcate</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the

whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds.</def>



<q>He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed,

His winged <qex>heels</qex> and then his armed head.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as

of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward

from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The latter or remaining part of anything; the

closing or concluding part.</def> \'bdThe <xex>heel</xex> of a

hunt.\'b8 <au>A. Trollope</au>. \'bdThe <xex>heel</xex> of the

white loaf.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Scott</au>.



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape;

a protuberance; a knob.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The part of a thing corresponding in position to

the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests;

especially</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The after

end of a ship's keel</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the

sternpost, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>In a

small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing

position</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The uppermost

part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt</def>.

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>The part of any tool next the tang or handle;

<as>as, the <ex>heel</ex> of a scythe</as></def>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>Management by the heel,

especially the spurred heel; <as>as, the horse understands the

<ex>heel</ex> well</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lower end of

a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States,

specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set

sloping</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cyma reversa; -- so called by

workmen.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<cs><col>Heel chain</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a chain passing

from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom.</cd> --

<col>Heel plate</col>, <cd>the butt plate of a gun.</cd> --

<col>Heel of a rafter</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Heel</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 7.</cd> -- <col>Heel ring</col>,

<cd>a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath.</cd> --

<col>Neck and heels</col>, <cd>the whole body.

<mark>(Colloq.)</mark></cd> -- <col>To be at the heels of</col>,

<cd>to pursue closely; to follow hard: as, hungry want <xex>is

at</xex> my <xex>heels</xex>. <au>Otway</au>.</cd> -- <col>To be

down at the heel</col>, <cd>to be slovenly or in a poor

plight.</cd> -- <col>To be out at the heels</col>, <cd>to have on

stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor

plight. <au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>To cool the heels</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Cool</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go heels over

head</col>, <cd>to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost;

hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner.</cd> --

<col>To have the heels of</col>, <cd>to outrun.</cd> -- <col>To

lay by the heels</col>, <cd>to fetter; to shackle; to imprison.

<au>Shak</au>. <au>Addison</au>.</cd> -- <col>To show the

heels</col>, <cd>to flee; to run from.</cd> -- <col>To take to

the heels</col>, <cd>to flee; to betake to flight.</cd> --

<col>To throw up another's heels</col>, <cd>to trip him.

<au>Bunyan</au>.</cd> -- <col>To tread upon one's heels</col>,

<cd>to follow closely. <au>Shak</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Heel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Heeled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Heeling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To perform by the

use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I cannot sing,

Nor <qex>heel</qex> the high lavolt.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To add a heel to; <as>as, to <ex>heel</ex> a

shoe</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To arm with a gaff, as a cock for

fighting.</def>



<hw>Heel"ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for

polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions.</def>



<hw>Heel"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a

political patron.</def> <mark>[Political Cant, U. S.]</mark>



<q>The army of hungry <qex>heelers</qex> who do their

bidding.</q>

<qau>The Century.</qau>



<hw>Heel"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a heel.</def>



<hw>Heel"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A piece of armor to protect the heels.</def>



<au>Chesterfield.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a

shoe.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The end.</def> \'bdThe <xex>heelpiece</xex> of

his book.\'b8



<au>Lloyd.</au>



<hw>Heel"post`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>(Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a propeller

shaft.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The post to which a gate or

door is hinged.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>The quoin post of a

lock gate.</def>



<hw>Heel"spur`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender bony or cartilaginous

process developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support

the wing membranes. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Cheiropter</er>.</def>



<hw>Heel"tap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small portion of liquor left in a glass after

drinking.</def> \'bdBumpers around and no

<xex>heeltaps</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sheridan.</au>



<hw>Heel"tap`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Heeltapped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Heeltapping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To add a piece

of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.)</def>



<hw>Heel"tool`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tool used

by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel near the

cutting end.</def>



<hw>Heep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hip of the

dog-rose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Heer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A yarn measure of six hundred yards or

<?/\'3c-- fr. 1/24--\'3e of a spindle. See

<er>Spindle</er>.</def>



<hw>Heer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Hair</er>.]</ety>

<def>Hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<-- p. 682 -->



<hw>Heft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Haft</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Waller.</au>



<hw>Heft</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Heave</er>: cf.

<ets>hefe</ets> weight. Cf. <er>Haft</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or effort of heaving<?/ violent strain or

exertion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He craks his gorge, his sides,

With violent <qex>hefts</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Weight; ponderousness.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>A man of his age and <qex>heft</qex>.</q>

<qau>T. Hughes.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The greater part or bulk of anything; <as>as,

the <ex>heft</ex> of the crop was spoiled</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<au>J. Pickering.</au>



<hw>Heft</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hefted</er> (<er>Heft</er>, <mark>obs</mark>.);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hefting</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To heave up; to raise aloft.</def>



<q>Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he <qex>heft</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prove or try the weight of by raising.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Heft"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moderately heavy.</def>

<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>He*ge"li*an</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to Hegelianism.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A follower of Hegel.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>He*ge"li*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>He"gel*ism</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The system of logic and

philosophy set forth by <xex>Hegel</xex>, a German writer

(1770-1831).</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Heg`e*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Heg`e*mon"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Hegemony</er>.]</ety> <def>Leading;

controlling; ruling; predominant.</def> \'bdPrincelike and

<xex>hegemonical</xex>.\'b8



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<hw>He*gem`o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ guide, leader, fr. <?/ to go before.]</ety>

<def>Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually

applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors

or confederates.</def>



<au>Lieber.</au>



<hw>Heg"ge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hedge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>He*gi"ra</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>hejira</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>hijrah</ets> flight.]</ety> <def>The flight of Mohammed from

Mecca, September 13, <sc>A. D.</sc> 622 (subsequently established

as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus

regarded as like that of Mohammed.</def>



<note><hand/ The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not

from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic

year, which corresponds to July 16, <sc>A. D.</sc> 622.</note>



<hw>Heif"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hayfare</ets>, AS. <ets>he\'a0hfore</ets>,

<ets>he\'a0fore</ets>; the second part of this word seems akin to

AS. <ets>fearr</ets> bull, ox; akin to OHG. <ets>farro</ets>, G.

<ets>farre</ets>, D. <ets>vaars</ets>, heifer, G.

<ets>f\'84rse</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/, <?/, calf,

heifer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young cow.</def>



<hw>Heigh"-ho</hw> <pr>(h<imac/"-h<omac/)</pr>,

<pos>interj.</pos> <def>An exclamation of surprise, joy,

dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Height</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hight</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>heighte</ets>,

<ets>heght</ets>, <ets>heighthe</ets>, AS.

<ets>he\'a0h<?/u</ets>, fr. <ets>heah</ets> high; akin to D.

<ets>hoogte</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'94jd</ets>, Dan.

<ets>h\'94ide</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'91<?/</ets>, Goth.

<ets>hauhipa</ets>. See <er>High</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The condition of being high; elevated position.</def>



<q>Behold the <qex>height</qex> of the stars, how high they

are!</q>

<qau>Job xxii. 12.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The distance to which anything rises above its

foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above

the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a

surface, as the floor or the ground, of animal, especially of a

man; stature.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>[Goliath's] <qex>height</qex> was six cubits and a span.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xvii. 4.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Degree of latitude either north or south.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same <qex>height</qex>

as Peru to the south.</q>

<qau>Abp. Abbot.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or

mountain; <as>as, Alpine <ex>heights</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in

power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank;

pre\'89minence or distinction in society; prominence.</def>



<q>Measure your mind's <qex>height</qex> by the shade it

casts.</q>

<qau>R. Browning.</qau>



<q>All would in his power hold, all make his subjects.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Progress toward eminence; grade; degree.</def>



<q>Social duties are carried to greater <qex>heights</qex>, and

enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our

religion.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy

or condition; <as>as, the <ex>height</ex> of a fever, of passion,

of madness, of folly; the <ex>height</ex> of a

tempest.</as></def>



<q>My grief was at the <qex>height</qex> before thou camest.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>On height</col>, <cd>aloud. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>



<q>[He] spake these same words, all <qex>on hight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau></cs>



<hw>Height"en</hw> <pr>(h<imac/t"'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>highten</asp>.]</altsp>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Heightened</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Heightening</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make high;

to raise higher; to elevate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to

augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous;

-- used of things, good or bad; <as>as, to <ex>heighten</ex>

beauty; to <ex>heighten</ex> a flavor or a tint.</as></def>

\'bdTo <xex>heighten</xex> our confusion.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>An aspect of mystery which was easily <qex>heightened</qex> to

the miraculous.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Height"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written

also <ets>hightener</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which,

heightens.</def>



<hw>Hei"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>ha\'8bnos</ets> hateful, F. <ets>haineux</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>ha\'8bne</ets> hate, F. <ets>haine</ets>, fr.

<ets>ha\'8br</ets> to hate; of German origin. See

<er>Hate</er>.]</ety> <def>Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant;

odious; atrocious; giving great great offense; -- applied to

deeds or to character.</def>



<q>It were most <qex>heinous</qex> and accursed sacrilege.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>How <qex>heinous</qex> had the fact been, how deserving

Contempt!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hei"nous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hei"nous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Heir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>heir</ets>, <ets>eir</ets>, <ets>hair</ets>, OF.

<ets>heir</ets>, <ets>eir</ets>, F. <ets>hoir</ets>, L.

<ets>heres</ets>; of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Hereditary</er>,

<er>Heritage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who inherits, or

is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after

the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or

property of another at the death of the latter.</def>



<q>I am my father's <qex>heir</qex> and only son.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who receives any endowment from an ancestor

or relation; <as>as, the <ex>heir</ex> of one's reputation or

virtues</as>.</def>



<q>And I his <qex>heir</qex> in misery alone.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Heir apparent</col>. <fld>(Law.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Apparent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heir at law</col>, <cd>one who,

after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his

intestate estate. <au>Wharton (Law Dict.)</au>.</cd> -- <col>Heir

presumptive</col>, <cd>one who, if the ancestor should die

immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the

inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or

by some other contingency.</cd></cs>



<hw>Heir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To inherit; to

succeed to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>One only daughter <qex>heired</qex> the royal state.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Heir"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

an heir; succession by inheritance.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Heir"ess</hw>, <pos>n</pos><def>, A female heir.</def>



<hw>Heir"less</hw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of an heir.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Heir"loom`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Heir</ets> + <ets>loom</ets>, in its earlier sense of

<it>implement</it>, <it>tool.</it> See <er>Loom</er> the

frame.]</ety> <def>Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel,

which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with

the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in

a family for several generations.</def>



<q>Woe to him whose daring hand profanes

The honored <qex>heirlooms</qex> of his ancestors.</q>

<qau>Moir.</qau>



<hw>Heir"ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state,

character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting.</def>



<cs><col>Heirship movables</col>, <cd>certain kinds of movables

which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate.

<mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>He*ji"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hegira</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Hek"tare`</hw>, <hw>Hek"to*gram</hw>,

<hw>Hek"to*li`ter</hw>, <and/ <hw>Hek"to*me`ter</hw></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Hectare</er>, <er>Hectogram</er>,

<er>Hectoliter</er>, and <er>Hectometer</er>.</def>



<hw>Hek"to*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hectograph</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hel*a*mys</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ fawn + <?/ mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<cref>Jumping hare</cref>, under <er>Hare</er>.</def>



<hw>Hel"co*plas`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a wound + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The

act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by

a plastic operation.</def>



<hw>Held</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Hold</er>.</def>



<hw>Hele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Heal</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Health; welfare.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdIn joy and perfyt <xex>hele</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hele</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>helan</ets>, akin

to D. <ets>helen</ets>, OHG. <ets>helan</ets>, G.

<ets>hehlen</ets>, L. <ets>celare</ets>. <root/17. See

<er>Hell</er>, and cf. <er>Conceal</er>.]</ety> <def>To hide; to

cover; to roof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Hide and <qex>hele</qex> things.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Hel"e*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.: cf. Sp.

<ets>helena</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <cref>St. Elmo's fire</cref>,

under <er>Saint</er>.</def>



<hw>Hel"e*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A neutral organic substance found in the root of the

elecampane (<spn>Inula helenium</spn>), and extracted as a white

crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste.</def>

<-- used to induce interferon -- contains RNA -->



<hw>He"li*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Heliacal.</def>



<hw>He*li"a*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

belonging to the sun, fr. <?/ the sun: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82liaque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Emerging

from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting

at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<note><hand/ The <xex>heliacal</xex> rising of a star is when,

after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it

emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before

sunrising. On the contrary, the <xex>heliacal</xex> setting of a

star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render

the star invisible.</note>



<hw>He*li"a*cal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a heliacal

manner.</def>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>He`li*an"thin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

fr. L. <ets>helianthes</ets>, or NL. <ets>helianthus</ets>,

sunflower, in allusion to its color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and

like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also

<altname>methyl orange</altname>.</def>



<hw>He`li*an"thoid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Helianthoidea.</def>



<hw>\'d8He`li*an"thoi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>helianthes</ets> sunflower +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of

Anthozoa; the Actinaria.</def>



<hw>Hel"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Helix</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or in the form

of, a helix; spiral; <as>as, a <ex>helical</ex> staircase; a

<ex>helical</ex> spring.</as></def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hel"i*cal*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Hel`i*chry"sum</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., the marigold, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of plant.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of composite plants, with shining,

commonly white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated

involucres, which are often called \'bdeverlasting

flowers.\'b8</def>



<hw>He*lic"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helix</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

form of a helix; spiral.</def>



<hw>Hel"i*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by

partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (<spn>Salix

Helix</spn> of Linn\'91us.)</def>



<hw>Hel"i*cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp.

to certain arteries of the penis.</def>



<hw>Hel"li*co*graph`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helix</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane.</def>



<hw>Hel"i*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/, <?/, spiral + <?/ shape: cf. F. <ets>h\'82lico\'8bde</ets>.

See <er>Helix</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve

shell.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a snail shell;

pertaining to the <spn>Helicid\'91</spn>, or Snail family.</def>



<cs><col>Helicoid parabola</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the

parabolic spiral.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hel"i*coid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A

warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving

in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a

uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line,

and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.</def>



<hw>Hel`i*coid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Helicoid</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hel`i*coid"al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hel"i*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>A mountain in B\'d2otia, in Greece, supposed by

the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.</def>



<q>From <qex>Helicon's</qex> harmonious springs

A thousand rills their mazy progress take.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Hel`i*co"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Helicon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

numerous species of <spn>Heliconius</spn>, a genus of tropical

American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with

green, crimson, and white.</def>



<hw>Hel`i*co"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Heliconius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to Helicon.</def> \'bd<xex>Heliconian</xex> honey.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the

butterflies of the genus <spn>Heliconius</spn>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hel`i*co"tre"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a helix + <?/ a hole.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The opening by which the two scal\'91

communicate at the top of the cochlea of the ear.</def>



<hw>He"li*o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form from Gr.

<grk>"h`lios</grk> <xex>the sun</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>He`li*o*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>He`li*o*cen"tric"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>centric</ets>,

<ets>centrical</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82liocentrique</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>pertaining to the sun's center, or

appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as

a center; -- opposed to <xex>geocentrical</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Heliocentric parallax</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Parallax</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Heliocentric place</col>,

<col>latitude</col>, <col>longitude</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. (of a

heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the

body as viewed from the sun.</cd></cs>



<hw>He"li*o*chrome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <def>A photograph

in colors.</def><-- now, just color photograph -->



<au>R. Hunt.</au>



<hw>He`li*o*chro"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.</def>



<hw>He"li*o*chro`my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art

of producing photographs in color.</def><-- color photography?

-->



<hw>He"li*o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>ets>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A picture taken by heliography; a

photograph.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for taking photographs of the

sun.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the

sun's rays. See <er>Heliotrope</er>, 3.</def>



<hw>He`li*o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by

heliography.</def>



<cs><col>Heliographic chart</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Chart</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>He`li*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Photography.</def>



<au>R. Hunt.</au>



<hw>He`li*o*grav"ure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>h\'82liogravure</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of

photographic engraving.</def>



<hw>He`li*ol"a*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ servant, worshiper.]</ety>

<def>A worshiper of the sun.</def>



<hw>He`li*ol"a*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ service, worship.]</ety>

<def>Sun worship. See <er>Sabianism</er>.</def>



<hw>He"li*o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil coral of the genus

<spn>Heliolites</spn>, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in

the Silurian rocks.</def>



<hw>He`li*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82liom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An

instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the

sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and

relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily

measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>He`li*o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>He`li*o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry.</def>



<hw>He`li*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies,

their relative distances, etc. See <er>Heliometer</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8He`li*op"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ the sun + <?/ a passage, pore.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian stony coral now known

to belong to the Alcyonaria; -- called also <altname>blue

coral</altname>.</def>



<hw>He"li*o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82lioscope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A

telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the

eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect

but a small portion of light.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>He`li*o*scop`ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>He"li*o*stat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ placed, standing, fr. <?/ to

place, stand: cf. F. <ets>h\'82liostate</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a

sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed

to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a

geodetic heliotrope.</def>



<hw>He"li*o*trope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>h\'82liotrope</ets>, L. <ets>heliotropium</ets>, Gr. <?/;

<?/ the sun + <?/ to turn, <?/ turn. See <er>Heliacal</er>,

<er>Trope</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Astron.)</fld>

<def>An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at

the tropics and equinoctial line.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Heliotropium</spn>; -- called also

<altname>turnsole</altname> and <altname>girasole</altname>.

<spn>H. Peruvianum</spn> is the commonly cultivated species with

fragrant flowers.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geodesy & Signal Service)</fld> <def>An

instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by

means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bloodstone</er>

<sd>(a)</sd>.</def>



<cs><col>Heliotrope purple</col>, <cd>a grayish purple

color.</cd></cs>



<hw>He"li*o*tro`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

person at a geodetic station who has charge of the

heliotrope.</def>



<hw>He`li*o*trop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward

the sun.</def>



<hw>He`li*ot"ro*pism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to turn.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The phenomenon of turning toward the

light, seen in many leaves and flowers.</def>



<hw>He"li*o*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A picture

obtained by the process of heliotypy.</def>



<hw>He`li*o*typ"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to, or obtained by, heliotypy.</def>



<hw>He"li*o*ty`py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A method

of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened

gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by

lithography.</def>



<hw>\'d8He`li*o*zo"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the sun + <?/ an animal.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fresh-water rhizopods

having a more or less globular form, with slender radiating

pseudopodia; the sun animalcule.</def>



<mhw><hw>Hel`i*spher"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hel`i*spher"ic*al</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Helix</ets> + <ets>spheric</ets>,

<ets>spherical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spiral.</def>



<cs><col>Helispherical line</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>. <cd>the

rhomb line in navigation. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>He"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/ the sun.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous element

found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare

minerals.</def><-- Symbol He, atomic number 2. A noble (or rare)

gas. -->



<-- p. 683 -->



<hw>He"lix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Helices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Helixes</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>helix</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr.

<?/ to turn round; cf. L. <ets>volvere</ets>, and E.

<ets>volute</ets>, <ets>voluble</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A nonplane curve whose tangents are all

equally inclined to a given plane. The common helix is the curve

formed by the thread of the ordinary screw. It is distinguished

from the <xex>spiral</xex>, all the convolutions of which are in

the plane.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A caulicule or little volute

under the abacus of the Corinthian capital.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The incurved margin or rim of

the external ear. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Ear</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of land snails,

including a large number of species.</def>



<note><hand/ The genus originally included nearly all shells, but

is now greatly restricted. See <er>Snail</er>,

<er>Pulmonifera</er>.</note>



<hw>Hell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hell</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hel</ets>, OHG.

<ets>hella</ets>, G. <ets>h\'94lle</ets>, Icel. <ets>hal</ets>,

Sw. <ets>helfvete</ets>, Dan. <ets>helvede</ets>, Goth.

<ets>halja</ets>, and to AS. <ets>helan</ets> to conceal.

<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Hele</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Conceal</er>,

<er>Cell</er>, <er>Helmet</er>, <er>Hole</er>,

<er>Occult</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The place of the dead, or of souls after death;

the grave; -- called in Hebrew <xex>sheol</xex>, and by the

Greeks <xex>hades</xex>.</def>



<q>He descended into <qex>hell</qex>.</q>

<qau>Book of Common Prayer.</qau>



<q>Thou wilt not leave my soul in <qex>hell</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. xvi. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place or state of punishment for the wicked

after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental

torment; anguish.</def> \'bdWithin him <xex>hell</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>It is a knell

That summons thee to heaven or to <qex>hell</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place where outcast persons or things are

gathered</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A dungeon or prison; also,

in certain running games, a place to which those who are caught

are carried for detention.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gambling

house.</def> \'bdA convenient little gambling <xex>hell</xex> for

those who had grown reckless.\'b8 <au>W. Black</au>. <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer

his broken type.</def> <au>Hudibras</au>.



<cs><col>Gates of hell</col>. <fld>(Script.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Gate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hell</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To overwhelm.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hel`la*nod"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/, <?/, a Greek + <?/ right, judgment.]</ety> <fld>(Gr.

Antiq.)</fld> <def>A judge or umpire in games or combats.</def>



<hw>Hell"bend`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large North American aquatic

salamander (<spn>Protonopsis horrida</spn> or <spn>Menopoma

Alleghaniensis</spn>). It is very voracious and very tenacious of

life. Also called <altname>alligator</altname>, and

<altname>water dog</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hell"born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Born in or

of hell.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hell`bred`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Produced in

hell.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hell"brewed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Prepared

in hell.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hell"broth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hell"-cat `</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A witch; a

hag.</def>



<au>Middleton.</au>



<hw>Hell`-div`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dabchick.</def>



<hw>Hell`doomed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Doomed to

hell.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hel"le*bore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>helleborus</ets>, <ets>elleborus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; cf. F.

<ets>hell\'82bore</ets>, <ets>ell\'82bore</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial herbs

(<spn>Helleborus</spn>) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having

powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. <spn>H.

niger</spn> is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose,

blossoming in winter or earliest spring. <spn>H.

officinalis</spn> was the officinal hellebore of the

ancients.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of several species

of the poisonous liliaceous genus <spn>Veratrum</spn>, especially

<spn>V. album</spn> and <spn>V. viride</spn>, both called

<xex>white hellebore</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hel`le*bo"re*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous glucoside accompanying

helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a

white crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a

strong action on the heart, resembling digitalin.</def>



<hw>Hel*leb"o*rin</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous glucoside found in several

species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline

substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential

virtues of the plant; -- called also

<altname>elleborin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hel"le*bo*rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine.</def>



<hw>Hel"lene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a

Greek.</def>



<au>Brewer.</au>



<hw>Hel*le"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks.</def>



<hw>Hel*len"ic</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, fr. <?/ the Greeks.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>Hellenic</xex> forces.\'b8



<au>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</au>



<hw>Hel*len"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The dialect, formed with

slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek

writers after the time of Alexander.</def>



<hw>Hel"len*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/:

cf. F. <ets>Hell\'82nisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A phrase

or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or

idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who

aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in

human well-being and perfection.</def>



<hw>Hel"len*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/:

cf. F. <ets>Hell\'82niste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person

of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother

tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt;

distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (<au>Acts vi.

1</au>).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One skilled in the Greek language and

literature; <as>as, the critical <ex>Hellenist</ex></as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hel`le*nis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hel`le*nis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Hell\'82nistique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining

to the Hellenists.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Hellenistic</col> <col>language, dialect, <or/

idiom</col></mcol>, <cd>the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who

lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the

Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According to

the Hellenistic manner or dialect.</def>



<au>J. Gregory.</au>



<hw>Hel"len*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to

Grecize.</def>



<hw>Hel"len*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>To give a Greek form or character to; to

Grecize; <as>as, to <ex>Hellenize</ex> a word</as>.</def>



<hw>Hel*len"o*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ivorytype</er>.</def>



<hw>Hel"les*pont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hellespontus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ the mythological Helle,

daughter of Athamas + <?/ sea.]</ety> <def>A narrow strait

between Europe and Asia, now called the

<altname>Daradanelles</altname>. It connects the \'92gean Sea and

the sea of Marmora.</def>



<hw>Hel`les*pon"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Hellespont.</def>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hell"ga*mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hell"gra*mite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect

(<spn>Corydalus cornutus</spn>), much used a fish bait by

anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera.</def>



<hw>Hell"hag`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hag of or

fit for hell.</def>



<au>Bp. Richardson.</au>



<hw>Hell"-haunt`ed</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Haunted by devils; hellish.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hell"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hellehund</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dog of hell; an agent of

hell.</def>



<q>A <qex>hellhound</qex>, that doth hunt us all to death.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hel"li*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hele</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>One who heles or

covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>heler</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Usher.</au>



<hw>Hell"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked;

detestable; diabolical.</def> \'bd<xex>Hellish</xex> hate.\'b8

<au>Milton</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Hell"ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Hell"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hell"kite`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kite of

infernal breed.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hel*lo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Halloo</er>.</def>



<hw>Hell"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward

hell.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Hell"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hell\'c6c</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hellish.</def>



<au>Anderson (1573).</au>



<hw>Helm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Haulm</er>, straw.</def>



<hw>Helm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>helme</ets>, AS. <ets>helma</ets> rudder; akin to D. & G.

<ets>helm</ets>, Icel. <ets>hj\'belm</ets>, and perh. to E.

<ets>helve</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The apparatus by which a ship

is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly

used of the tiller or wheel alone.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place or office of direction or

administration.</def> \'bdThe <xex>helm</xex> of the

Commonwealth.\'b8



<au>Melmoth.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One at the place of direction or control; a

steersman; hence, a guide; a director.</def>



<q>The <qex>helms</qex> o' the State, who care for you like

fathers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Helve</er>.]</ety> <def>A helve.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<cs><col>Helm amidships</col>, <cd>when the tiller, rudder, and

keel are in the same plane.</cd> -- <col>Helm aport</col>,

<cd>when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the

ship.</cd> -- <col>Helm astarboard</col>, <cd>when the tiller is

borne to the starboard side.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Helm alee</col>,

<col>Helm aweather</col></mcol>, <cd>when the tiller is borne

over to the lee or to the weather side.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Helm

hard alee</col> <or/ <col>hard aport</col>, <col>hard

astarboard</col></mcol>, etc., <cd>when the tiller is borne over

to the extreme limit.</cd> -- <col>Helm port</col>, <cd>the round

hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock

passes.</cd> -- <col>Helm down</col>, <cd>helm alee.</cd> --

<col>Helm up</col>, <cd>helm aweather.</cd> -- <col>To ease the

helm</col>, <cd>to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to

lessen the strain on the rudder.</cd> -- <col>To feel the

helm</col>, <cd>to obey it.</cd> -- <col>To right the helm</col>,

<cd>to put it amidships.</cd> -- <col>To shift the helm</col>,

<cd>to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the

opposite side of the vessel.</cd></cs>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Helm</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Helmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Helming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To steer; to guide; to

direct.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The business he hath <qex>helmed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A wild wave . . . overbears the bark,

And him that <qex>helms</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Helm</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. See

<er>Helmet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A helmet.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a

mountain.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Helm</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover or furnish with a

helm or helmet.</def> <mark>[Perh. used only as a <pos>past

part.</pos> or <pos>part. adj.</pos>]</mark>



<q>She that <qex>helmed</qex> was in starke stours.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Helm"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Guidance;

direction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Helm"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with a

helmet.</def>



<q>The <qex>helmed</qex> cherubim

Are seen in glittering ranks.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hel"met</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>helmet</ets>, a dim of <ets>helme</ets>, F.

<ets>heaume</ets>; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. <ets>helm</ets>,

akin to AS. & OS. <ets>helm</ets>, D. <ets>helm</ets>,

<ets>helmet</ets>, Icel. <ets>hj\'belmr</ets>, Sw.

<ets>hjelm</ets>, Dan. <ets>hielm</ets>, Goth. <ets>hilms</ets>;

and prob. from the root of AS. <ets>helan</ets> to hide, to hele;

cf. also Lith. <ets>szalmas</ets>, Russ. <ets>shleme</ets>, Skr.

<ets>\'87arman</ets> protection. <root/17. Cf. <er>Hele</er>,

<er>Hell</er>, <er>Helm</er> a helmet.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Armor)</fld> <def>A defensive covering for the head. See

<er>Casque</er>, <er>Headpiece</er>, <er>Morion</er>,

<er>Sallet</er>, and <xex>Illust.</xex> of <er>Beaver</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The representation of a helmet

over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by

modifications of form.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal,

or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of

soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a

protection from the heat of the sun.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which resembles a helmet in form, position,

etc.</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The upper

part of a retort</def>. <au>Boyle</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of

some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A naked shield or

protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird</def>.



<cs><col>Helmet beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

leaf-eating beetle of the family <spn>Chrysomelid\'91</spn>,

having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are

known.</cd> -- <col>Helmet shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells

belonging to <spn>Cassis</spn> and allied genera. Many of them

are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos,

and hence are called <altname>cameo shells</altname>. See

<er>King conch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Helmet shrike</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African wood shrike of the genus

<spn>Prionodon</spn>, having a large crest.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hel`met*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a

helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet-shaped part;

galeate.</def>



<hw>Hel"met-shaped`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Galeate</er>.</def>



<hw>Hel"minth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An intestinal

worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the

Helminthes.</def>



<hw>Hel*min"tha*gogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a worm + <?/ to drive.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

vermifuge.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hel*min"thes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal

kingdom. It is a large group including a vast number of species,

most of which are parasitic. Called also

<altname>Enthelminthes</altname>,

<altname>Enthelmintha</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ The following classes are included, with others of

less importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes,

etc.), Turbellaria (planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads),

Nematoidea (roundworms, trichina, gordius), Nemertina

(nemerteans). See <er>Plathelminthes</er>, and

<er>Nemathelminthes</er>.</note>



<hw>\'d8Hel`min*thi"a*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to suffer from worms, fr. <?/, <?/, a

worm.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in which worms are

present in some part of the body.</def>



<hw>Hel*min"thic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>helminthique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to worms, or

Helminthes; expelling worms.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A

vermifuge; an anthelmintic.</def></def2>



<hw>Hel*min"thite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>One of the sinuous

tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered

as worm trails.</def>



<hw>Hel*min"thoid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, a worm + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wormlike;

vermiform.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hel*min`tho*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>helminthologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

helminthology.</def>



<hw>Hel`min*thol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>helminthologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed

in helminthology.</def>



<hw>Hel`min*thol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, a worm + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>helminthologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The natural history, or

study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms.</def>



<hw>Helm"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Destitute of a helmet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without a helm or rudder.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Helms"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Helmsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The man at the

helm; a steersman.</def>



<hw>Helm"wind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wind

attending or presaged by the cloud called <xex>helm</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>He"lot</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Helotes</ets>, <ets>Hilotae</ets>, pl., fr. Gr.

<grk>E'e`lws</grk> and <grk>E'elw`ths</grk> a bondman or serf of

the Spartans; so named from <grk>'Elos</grk>, a town of Laconia,

whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to

<grk>e`lei^n</grk> to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of

<?/.]</ety> <def>A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf;

hence, a slave or serf.</def>



<q>Those unfortunates, the <qex>Helots</qex> of mankind, more or

less numerous in every community.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>He"lot*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery.</def>



<hw>He"lot*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Helots,

collectively; slaves; bondsmen.</def> \'bdThe <xex>Helotry</xex>

of Mammon.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Help</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Helped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>

(<mark>Obs</mark>. <pos>imp.</pos> <er>Holp</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Holpen</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Helping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>helpan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>helpan</ets>, D.

<ets>helpen</ets>, G. <ets>helfen</ets>, OHG. <ets>helfan</ets>,

Icel. <ets>hj\'belpa</ets>, Sw. <ets>hjelpa</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hielpe</ets>, Goth. <ets>hilpan</ets>; cf. Lith.

<ets>szelpti</ets>, and Skr. <ets>klp</ets> to be fitting.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish with strength or means for the

successful performance of any action or the attainment of any

object; to aid; to assist; <as>as, to <ex>help</ex> a man in his

work; to <ex>help</ex> one to remember</as>; -- the following

infinitive is commonly used without <it>to</it>; <as>as,

\'bd<ex>Help</ex> me scale yon balcony.\'b8</as></def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with the means of deliverance from

trouble; <as>as, to <ex>help</ex> one in distress; to

<ex>help</ex> one out of prison.</as></def> \'bdGod

<xex>help</xex>, poor souls, how idly do they talk!\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease;

to be of avail against; -- sometimes with <xex>of</xex> before a

word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a

word for the direct object.</def> \'bdTo <xex>help</xex> him of

his blindness.\'b8

<-- now, <it>in</it> is used for that function; -- "to help him

in his misery" -->



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The true calamus <qex>helps</qex> coughs.</q>

<qau>Gerarde.</qau>



<-- p. 684 -->



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To change for the better; to remedy.</def>



<q>Cease to lament for what thou canst not <qex>help</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches,

and who can <xex>help</xex> it?</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To forbear; to avoid.</def>



<q>I can not <qex>help</qex> remarking the resemblance betwixt

him and our author.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<-- often used with "but" -->



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving

and passing food.</def>



<cs><col>To help forward</col>, <cd>to assist in advancing.</cd>

-- <col>To help off</col>, <cd>to help to go or pass away, as

time; to assist in removing. <au>Locke</au>.</cd> -- <col>To help

on</col>, <cd>to forward; to promote by aid.</cd> -- <col>To help

out</col>, <cd>to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to

aid in completing a design or task.</cd>



<q>The god of learning and of light

Would want a god himself <qex>to help</qex> him

<qex>out</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



-- <col>To help over</col>, <cd>to enable to surmount; <as>as,

<ex>to help</ex> one <ex>over</ex> an obstacle</as>.</cd> --

<col>To help to</col>, <cd>to supply with; to furnish with; as,

<xex>to help</xex> one <xex>to</xex> soup.</cd> -- <col>To help

up</col>, <cd>to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as

after a fall, and the like. \'bdA man is well <xex>holp up</xex>

that trusts to you.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support;

sustain; befriend.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Help</er>,

<er>Aid</er>, <er>Assist</er>. These words all agree in the idea

of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties.

<xex>Help</xex> turns attention especially to the source of

relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for <xex>help</xex>; and he

who <xex>helps</xex> me out does it by an act of his own.

<xex>Aid</xex> turns attention to the other side, and supposes

co\'94peration on the part of him who is relieved; as, he

<xex>aided</xex> me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the

<xex>aid</xex> of a ladder which he brought. <xex>Assist</xex>

has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who

\'bdstands by\'b8 in order to relieve. It denotes both

<xex>help</xex> and <xex>aid</xex>. Thus, we say of a person who

is weak, I <xex>assisted</xex> him upstairs, or, he mounted the

stairs by my <xex>assistance</xex>. When <xex>help</xex> is used

as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the

source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with

<xex>aid</xex>. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the

<xex>help</xex> of my friend.</usage>



<hw>Help</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lend aid or

assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of

use; to assist.</def>



<q>A generous present <xex>helps</xex> to persuade, as well as an

agreeable person.</q>

<qau>Garth.</qau>



<cs><col>To help out</col>, <cd>to lend aid; to bring a

supply.</cd></cs>



<hw>Help</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>help</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>hulp</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81lfe</ets>, <ets>hilfe</ets>,

Icel. <ets>hj\'belp</ets>, Sw. <ets>hjelp</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hielp</ets>. See <er>Help</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Strength or means furnished toward promoting an

object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also,

the person or thing furnishing the aid; <as>as, he gave me a

<ex>help</ex> of fifty dollars</as>.</def>



<q>Give us <qex>help</qex> from trouble, for vain is the

<qex>help</qex> of man.</q>

<qau>Ps. lx. 11.</qau>



<q>God is . . . a very present <qex>help</qex> in trouble.</q>

<qau>Ps. xlvi. 1.</qau>



<q>Virtue is a friend and a <qex>help</qex> to nature.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Remedy; relief; <as>as, there is no

<ex>help</ex> for it</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew

hole force of hired helpers in any business.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Specifically, a domestic servant, man or

woman.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Help"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; <as>as, a lay

<ex>helper</ex> in a parish</as>.</def>



<q>Thou art the <qex>helper</qex> of the fatherless.</q>

<qau>Ps. x. 14.</qau>



<q>Compassion . . . oftentimes a <qex>helper</qex> of evils.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<hw>Help"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnishing

help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary.</def>



<q>Heavens make our presence and our practices

Pleasant and <qex>helpful</qex> to him!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Help"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Help"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Help"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute of

help or strength; unable to help or defend one's self; needing

help; feeble; weak; <as>as, a helpless infant</as>.</def>



<q>How shall I then your <qex>helpless</qex> fame defend?</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Beyond help; irremediable.</def>



<q>Some <qex>helpless</qex> disagreement or dislike, either of

mind or body.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bringing no help; unaiding.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Yet since the gods have been

<qex>Helpless</qex> foreseers of my plagues.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Unsupplied; destitute; -- with

<xex>of</xex>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Helpless</qex> of all that human wants require.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Help"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Help"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Help"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corruption of the \'bd<ets>help meet</ets> for him\'b8 of

<au>Genesis ii. 18.</au><au>Fitzedward Hall</au>.]</ety> <def>A

helper; a companion; specifically, a wife.</def>



<q>In Minorca the ass and the hog are common

<qex>helpmates</qex>, and are yoked together in order to turn up

the land.</q>

<qau>Pennant.</qau>



<q>A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable

<qex>helpmate</qex> for a parson.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Help"meet`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Helpmate</er>.]</ety> <def>A wife; a helpmate.</def>



<q>The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his

finding the want of a <qex>helpmeet</qex>, caused him to sleep,

and took one of his ribs and thence made woman.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<hw>Hel"ter-skel"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[An

onomat<?/poetic word. Cf. G. <ets>holter-polter</ets>, D.

<ets>holder de bolder</ets>.]</ety> <def>In hurry and confusion;

without definite purpose; irregularly.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q><qex>Helter-skelter</qex> have I rode to thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A wistaria vine running <qex>helter-skelter</qex> across the

roof.</q>

<qau>J. C. Harris.</qau>



<hw>Helve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>helve</ets>, <ets>helfe</ets>, AS. <ets>hielf</ets>,

<ets>helf</ets>, <ets>hylf</ets>, cf. OHG. <ets>halb</ets>; and

also E. <ets>halter</ets>, <ets>helm</ets> of a rudder.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Iron Working)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lever

at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting

on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.</def>



<hw>Helve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Helved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Helving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a helve, as

an ax.</def>



<hw>Hel*ve"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Helvetic</er>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A Swiss; a

Switzer.</def></def2>



<hw>Hel*ve"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Helveticus</ets>, fr. <ets>Helvetii</ets> the

Helvetii.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the

ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern

states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions; <as>as, the

<ex>Helvetic</ex> confederacy; <ex>Helvetic</ex>

states.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hel"vine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hel"vite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>helvus</ets> of

a light bay color.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a

yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina,

manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.</def>



<hw>Hem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <ety>[OE., fr. AS.

<ets>him</ets>, <ets>heom</ets>, dative pl. of. <ets>h<?/</ets>

he. See <er>He</er>, <er>They</er>.]</ety> <def>Them</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hem</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>An onomatopoetic word used

as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of

voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be

better expressed by <xex>hm</xex>.</def>



<q>Cough or cry <qex>hem</qex>, if anybody come.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hem</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An utterance or sound of the

voice, <xex>hem</xex> or <xex>hm</xex>, often indicative of

hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention.</def>

\'bdHis morning <xex>hems</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spectator.</au>



<hw>Hem</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Hem</er>,

<ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make the sound expressed by the

word <xex>hem</xex>; hence, to hesitate in speaking.</def>

\'bd<xex>Hem</xex>, and stroke thy beard.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hem</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hem</ets>, border,

margin; cf. Fries. <ets>h\'84mel</ets>, Prov. G.

<ets>hammel</ets> hem of mire or dirt.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and

sewed, to strengthen raveling.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Border; edge; margin.</def> \'bd<xex>Hem</xex>

of the sea.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling

over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp

edge.</def>



<hw>Hem</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hemmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hemming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form a hem or

border to; to fold and sew down the edge of.</def>



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To border; to edge</def>



<q>All the skirt about

Was <qex>hemmed</qex> with golden fringe.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To hem about</col>, <col>around</col>, <or/

<col>in</col></mcol>, <cd>to inclose and confine; to surround; to

environ.</cd>  \'bdWith valiant squadrons round <xex>about to

hem<xex>.\'b8 <au>Fairfax</au>. \'bd<xex>Hemmed in<xex> to be a

spoil to tyranny.\'b8 <au>Daniel</au>. -- <col>To hem out</col>,

<cd>to shut out.</cd>  \'bdYou can not <xex>hem<xex> me

<xex>out<xex> of London.\'b8  <au>J. Webster.</au></cs>



<hw>Hem"a-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Same as

<er>H\'91ma-</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem"a*chate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>haemachates</ets>; Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ agate.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A species of agate, sprinkled with spots

of red jasper.</def>



<hw>Hem"a*chrome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>H\'91machrome</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem"a*cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.]</ety> <def>A composition made from

blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for

making buttons, door knobs, etc.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hem`a*drom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hema-</ets> + Gr. <?/ course +

<ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An

instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves

in the arteries.</def><-- now hemodromometer -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Hem`a*drom`e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of measuring the velocity with

which the blood circulates in the arteries;

h\'91motachometry.</def>



<hw>He`ma*dy*nam"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hema-</ets> + <ets>dynamics</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The principles of dynamics in their

application to the blood; that part of science which treats of

the motion of the blood.</def>



<hw>He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hema-</ets> + <ets>dynamometr</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument by which the pressure of

the blood in the arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to

which it will raise a column of mercury; -- called also a

<altname>h\'91momanometer</altname>.</def>



<hw>He"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.]</ety> <def>Relating to the blood or

blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on

the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; -- opposed to

<xex>neural</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ As applied to vertebrates, <xex>hemal</xex> is the

same as <xex>ventral</xex>, the heart and great blood vessels

being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the

dorsal, side of the vertebral column.</note>



<cs><col>Hemal arch</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the ventral

arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton, formed by vertebral

processes or ribs.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hem`a*ph\'91"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>H\'91maph\'91in</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Hemapophyses</plw> </plu>. <ety>[NL. See

<er>H\'91ma-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The second element in each half of a

hemal arch, corresponding to the sternal part of a rib.</def>

<au>Owen</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Hem`a*po*phys"i*al</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hem`a*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hem`a*stat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a. &

n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Hemostatic</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*stat"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Laws relating to the equilibrium of

the blood in the blood vessels.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>H\'91matachometer</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*te"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, blood.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A reddish brown or

violet crystalline substance, <chform>C16H12O6</chform>, got from

hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to

the phthaleins.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`a*tem"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood

+ <?/ a vomiting, fr. <?/ to vomit.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A vomiting of blood.</def>



<hw>Hem"a*therm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + <?/ warm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A warm-blooded animal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hem`a*ther"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Warm-blooded; hematothermal.</def>

<mark>[R]</mark>



<hw>He*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>H\'91matic</er>.</def>



<hw>He*mat"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood.</def>



<hw>Hem"a*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Hematoxylin.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A bluish black,

amorphous substance containing iron and obtained from blood. It

exists the red blood corpuscles united with globulin, and the

form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the blood its red

color.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hematin</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A form of

hemoglobinometer.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the measurement of the

amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other

fluids.</def>



<hw>He*mat"i*non</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.]</ety> <def>A red

consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper

and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc.</def>



<hw>Hem"a*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>haematites</ets>, Gr. <?/ bloodlike, fr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>,

<grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An

important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the

red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral

crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red

ocher. Called also <altname>specular iron</altname>,

<altname>oligist iron</altname>, <altname>rhombohedral iron

ore</altname>, and <altname>bloodstone</altname>. See <cref>Brown

hematite</cref>, under <er>Brown</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*tit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.</def>



<hw>Hem"a*to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>H\'91ma-</er>.</def>



<hw>He*mat"o*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemato-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tumor: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82matoc\'8ale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

tumor filled with blood.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`a*toc"ry*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood

+ <grk>kry`os</grk> cold.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but the mammals and birds;

-- the antithesis to <contr>Hematotherma</contr>.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemato</ets> + <ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hemoglobin</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem"a*toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemato-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Resembling blood.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*toid"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from

iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and in old

hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in

the corpora lutea it is called

<altname>h\'91molutein</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemato-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

science which treats of the blood.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`a*to"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hema-</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood

beneath the skin.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`a*to*phil"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood

+ <?/ to love.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition

characterized by a tendency to profuse and uncontrollable

hemorrhage from the slightest wounds.</def><-- = hemophilia -->



<hw>Hem`a*to"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>The hematin of blood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Hem`a*to"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <grk>a"ima`twsis</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into

blood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The arterialization of the blood

in the lungs; the formation of blood in general;

h\'91matogenesis.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`a*to*ther"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>,

blood + <grk>thermo`s</grk> warm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and

birds; -- the antithesis to <xex>hematocrya</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hem"a*to*ther"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Warm-blooded.</def>



<hw>Hem`a*tox"y*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>H\'91matoxylin.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`a*tu"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hema-</er>, and <er>Urine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Passage of urine mingled with blood.</def>



<hw>Hem`au*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The obtaining of a curve similar to a

pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided

artery to strike against a piece of paper.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Hem*el"y*tron</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Hem*el"y*trum</hw> <pr>(-tr<ucr/m cf. <er>Elytron</er>,

277)</pr>, }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hemelytra</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hemi</er>, and

<er>Elytron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many

Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, the opposite of <?/; <?/ day + <?/ of

<?/. See <er>Nyctalopia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see

clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial

light; day sight.</def>



<note><hand/ Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite

sense, <it>i. e.</it>, day blindness. See

<er>Nyctalopia</er>.</note>



<hw>Hem`er*o"bi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

day + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A neuropterous

insect of the genus <spn>Hemerobius</spn>, and allied

genera.</def>



<hw>He*mer"o*bid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of relating to the hemerobians.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`e*ro*cal"lis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ day + <?/ beauty.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, some species of which

are cultivated for their beautiful flowers; day lily.</def>



<hw>Hem"i-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>"hmi-</grk>. See

<er>Semi-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying

<xex>half</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*al*bu"min</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>albumin</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Hemialbumose</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*al"bu"mose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>albumose</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous substance formed

in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids

on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone. Called

also <altname>hemialbumin</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`i*an`\'91s*the"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>an\'91sthesia</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An\'91sthesia upon one side of the

body.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`i*bran"chi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hemi-</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes having an

incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus. It includes the

sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`i*car"di*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hemi-</er>, and <er>Cardia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A lateral half of the heart, either the

right or left.</def>



<au>B. G. Wilder.</au>



<hw>Hem`i*carp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into

halves.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`i*cer"e*brum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>cerebrum</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A lateral half of the cerebrum.</def>



<au>Wilder.</au>



<hw>Hem`i*col"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>collin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Semiglutin</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`i*cra"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.:

cf. F. <ets>h\'82micr\'83nie</ets>. See <er>Cranium</er>, and

<er>Megrim</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pain that

affects only one side of the head.</def>



<hw>Hem"i*cra`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hemicranis.</def>



<hw>Hem"i*cy`cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hemicyclus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A half circle; a semicircle.</def>



<-- p. 685 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena,

or room, or part of a room.</def>



<q>The collections will be displayed in the <qex>hemicycle</qex>

of the central pavilion.</q>

<qau>London Academy.</qau>



<hw>Hem`i*dac"tyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hemi-</er>, and <er>Dactyl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Any species of Old World geckoes of the genus

<spn>Hemidactylus</spn>. The hemidactyls have dilated toes, with

two rows of plates beneath.</def>



<hw>Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>demi-semiquaver</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short note, equal to one fourth of a

semiquaver, or the sixty-fourth part of a whole note.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*di"tone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>ditone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr.

Mus.)</fld> <def>The lesser third.</def>



<qau>Busby.</qau>



<hw>He*mig"a*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having one of the two florets in the same

spikelet neuter, and the other unisexual, whether male or female;

-- said of grasses.</def>



<hw>Hem"i*glyph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a carving.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The half channel or groove in the edge of

the triglyph in the Doric order.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*he"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seat, base, fr. <?/ to

sit.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having half of the

similar parts of a crystals, instead of all; consisting of half

the planes which full symmetry would require, as when a cube has

planes only on <xex>half</xex> of its eight solid angles, or one

plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the case of a

tetrahedron, which is <xex>hemihedral</xex> to an octahedron, it

being contained under four of the planes of an octahedron.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hem`i*he"dral*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hem`i*he"drism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The property of crystallizing

hemihedrally.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*he"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid hemihedrally derived. The

tetrahedron is a <xex>hemihedron</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>holohedral</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Presenting hemihedral forms, in

which half the sectants have the full number of planes.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*mel*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>mellitic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having <xex>half</xex> as many

(<xex>three</xex>) carboxyl radicals as <xex>mellitic</xex> acid;

-- said of an organic acid.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`i*me*tab"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hemi-</er>, and <er>Metabola</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those insects which have an incomplete

metamorphosis.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an incomplete metamorphosis,

the larv\'91 differing from the adults chiefly in laking wings,

as in the grasshoppers and cockroaches.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*mor"phic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having the two ends modified with

unlike planes; -- said of a crystal.</def>



<hw>He"min</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

blood.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance, in

the form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals,

formed from dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and

common salt; -- called also <xex>Teichmann's</xex> crystals.

Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of hematin.</def>



<note><hand/ The obtaining of these small crystals, from old

blood clots or suspected blood stains, constitutes one of the

best evidences of the presence of blood.</note>



<hw>\'d8He*mi"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hemin\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A measure

of half a sextary.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A measure equal to about ten

fluid ounces.</def>



<hw>\'d8He*mi"o*nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a half ass, a mule.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Hem`i*o"pi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hem`i*op"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ half + Gr. <?/ sight.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A defect of vision in consequence of which

a person sees but half of an object looked at.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*or"tho*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ straight +

<ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Monoclinic</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*pep"tone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>peptone</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A product of the gastric and

pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter.</def>



<note><hand/ Unlike antipeptone it is convertible into leucin and

tyrosin, by the continued action of pancreatic juice. See

<er>Peptone</er>. It is also formed from hemialbumose and albumin

by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid.</note>



<hw>\'d8Hem`i*ple"gi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ half + <?/ a stroke; cf. F.

<ets>h\'82miplagie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A palsy

that affects one side only of the body.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hem`i"pleg"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hem"i*ple`gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hemiplegia.</def>



<hw>Hem"i*pode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus

<spn>Turnix</spn>. Various species inhabit Asia, Africa, and

Australia.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*pro"te*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>protein</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An insoluble, proteid substance,

described by Sch\'81tzenberger, formed when albumin is heated for

some time with dilute sulphuric acid. It is apparently identical

with antialbumid and dyspeptone.</def>



<hw>He*mip"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>h\'82mipt\'8ares</ets>, pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the Hemiptera.</def>



<hw>\'d8He*mip"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ half + <?/ wing, fr. <?/ to fly.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of hexapod insects having a

jointed proboscis, including four sharp stylets (mandibles and

maxill\'91), for piercing. In many of the species (Heteroptera)

the front wings are partially coriaceous, and different from the

others.</def>



<note><hand/ They are divided into the <xex>Heteroptera</xex>,

including the squash bug, soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the

<xex>Homoptera</xex>, including the cicadas, cuckoo spits, plant

lice, scale insects, etc.; the <xex>Thysanoptera</xex>, including

the thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the

<xex>Pediculina</xex> or true lice.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>He*mip"ter*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>He*mip"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Hemiptera.</def>



<hw>He*mip"ter*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Hemiptera; an

hemipter.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*sect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hemisected</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hemisecting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + L. <ets>secare</ets> to cut.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>To divide along the mesial plane.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*sec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A division along the mesial plane; also,

one of the parts so divided.</def>



<hw>Hem"i*sphere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hemisphaerium</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ half = <?/ sphere: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82misph\'8are</ets>. See <er>Hemi-</er>, and

<er>Sphere</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A half sphere; one half

of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its

center.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection

of the same in a map or picture.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The people who inhabit a hemisphere.</def>



<q>He died . . . mourned by a <qex>hemisphere</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. P. Peters.</qau>ten



<cs><col>Cerebral hemispheres</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Brain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Magdeburg hemispheres</col>

<fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>two hemispherical cups forming, when

placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by

an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So

called because invented by Otto von Guericke at

<xex>Magdeburg<xex>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hem`i*spher"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hem`i*spher"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82misph\'82rique</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; <as>as, a

<ex>hemispheric</ex> figure or form; a <ex>hemispherical</ex>

body.</as></def>



<hw>Hem`i*sphe"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>spheroid</ets>.]</ety> <def>A half

of a spheroid.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*sphe*roid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Resembling, or approximating to, a hemisphere in form.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*spher"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A half

spherule.</def>



<hw>Hem"i*stich</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hemistichium</ets>, Gr. <grk>"hmisti`chion</grk>;

<grk>"hmi-</grk> half + <grk>sti`chos</grk> row, line, verse: cf.

F. <ets>h\'82mistiche</ets>.]</ety> <def>Half a poetic verse or

line, or a verse or line not completed.</def>



<hw>He*mis"ti*chal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also, by, or

according to, hemistichs; <as>as, a <ex>hemistichal</ex> division

of a verse</as>.</def>



<hw>Hem`i*sys"to*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Contraction of only one ventricle of

the heart.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hemisystole</xex> is noticed in rare cases of

insufficiency of the mitral valve, in which both ventricles at

times contract simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this

condition alternating with contraction of the right ventricle

alone; hence, <xex>intermittent hemisystole</xex>.</note>



<hw>Hem"i*tone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hemitonium</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Semitone</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>He*mit"ro*pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>He*mit"ro*pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Hemitrope</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Turned half

round; half inverted.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the raphe terminating

about half way between the chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous;

-- said of an ovule.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Hem"i*trope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to turn: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82mitrope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Half turned round; half

inverted; <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> having a twinned

structure.</def>



<hw>Hem"i*trope</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is hemitropal

in construction; <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> a twin crystal having a

hemitropal structure.</def>



<hw>He*mit"ro*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Twin composition in crystals.</def>



<hw>Hem"lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hemeluc</ets>, <ets>humloc</ets>, AS. <ets>hemlic</ets>,

<ets>hymlic</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely cut

leaves and small white flowers, as the <spn>Cicuta

maculata</spn>, <spn>bulbifera</spn>, and <spn>virosa</spn>, and

the <spn>Conium maculatum</spn>. See <er>Conium</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The potion of <xex>hemlock</xex> administered to

Socrates is by some thought to have been a decoction of

<spn>Cicuta virosa</spn>, or <xex>water hemlock</xex>, by others,

of <spn>Conium maculatum</spn>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen tree common in

North America (<spn>Abies, <or/ Tsuga, Canadensis</spn>); hemlock

spruce.</def>



<q>The murmuring pines and the <qex>hemlocks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The wood or timber of the hemlock tree.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Ground hemlock</col>, <or/ <col>Dwarf

hemlock</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Ground</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hem"mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>hemmel</ets>, <ets>hammel</ets>, Prov. E. <ets>hemble</ets>

hovel, stable, shed, perh. allied to D. <ets>hemel</ets> heaven,

canopy, G. <ets>himmel</ets>; cf. E. <ets>heaven</ets>.

<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A shed or hovel for cattle.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Hem"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, hems with a needle</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under the

edge of a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it

down</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tool for turning over the edge of

sheet metal to make a hem.</def>



<hw>Hem"o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Same as <er>H\'91ma-</er>,

<er>H\'91mo-</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem"o*glo"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemo-</ets> + <ets>globe</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The normal coloring matter of the red

blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin

and globulin, and is also called

<altname>h\'91matoglobulin</altname>. In arterial blood, it is

always combined with oxygen, and is then called

<stype>oxyhemoglobin</stype>. It crystallizes under different

forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is called

<stype>h\'91matocrystallin</stype>. See <cref>Blood

crystal</cref>, under <er>Blood</er>.</def>



<hw>Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>H\'91mochromometer</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hem`o*phil"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hematophilia</er>.</def>



<hw>He*mop"ty*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ to spit: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82moptysie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The

expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the mucous

membrane of the lungs.</def>



<hw>Hem"or*rhage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>haemorrhagia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ blood + <?/ to break,

burst: cf. F. <ets>h\'82morriage</ets>,

<ets>h\'82morrhagie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any

discharge of blood from the blood vessels.</def>



<note><hand/ The blood circulates in a system of closed tubes,

the rupture of which gives rise to hemorrhage.</note>



<hw>Hem`or*rhag"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/: cf. F. <ets>h\'82morrhagique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining

or tending to a flux o<?/ blood; consisting in, or accompanied

by, hemorrhage.</def>



<hw>Hem`or*rhoid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>h\'82morro\'8bdal</ets>,

<ets>h\'82morrho\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

rectum; rectal; <as>as, the <ex>hemorrhoidal</ex> arteries,

veins, and nerves</as>.</def>



<hw>Hem"or*rhoids</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>haemorrhoidae</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/, sing., <?/ (sc. <?/),

pl., veins liable to discharge blood, hemorrhoids, fr. <?/

flowing with blood; <?/ blood + <?/ to flow: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82morro\'8bdes</ets>, <ets>h\'82morrho\'8bdes</ets>. See

<er>Rheum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Livid and painful

swellings formed by the dilation of the blood vessels around the

margin of, or within, the anus, from which blood or mucus is

occasionally discharged; piles; emerods. <usage>[The sing.

<singw>hemorrhoid</singw> is rarely used.]</usage></def>



<hw>Hem`o*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hemo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ causing to stand, fr. <?/ to

stand.]</ety>ets>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to stagnation

of the blood.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic.</def>



<hw>Hem`o*stat"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine or

application to arrest hemorrhage.</def>



<hw>Hemo"o*tho"rax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Hemo-</er>, and <er>Thorax</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>An effusion of blood into the cavity of the pleura.</def>



<hw>Hemp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hemp</ets>, AS. <ets>henep</ets>, <ets>h\'91nep</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>hennep</ets>, OHG. <ets>hanaf</ets>, G.

<ets>hanf</ets>, Icel. <ets>hampr</ets>, Dan. <ets>hamp</ets>,

Sw. <ets>hampa</ets>, L. <ets>cannabis</ets>,

<ets>cannabum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; cf. Russ. <ets>conoplia</ets>,

Skr. <?/<ets>a<?/a</ets>; all prob. borrowed from some other

language at an early time. Cf. <er>Cannabine</er>,

<er>Canvas</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant of the genus <spn>Cannabis</spn> (<spn>C. sativa</spn>),

the fibrous skin or bark of which is used for making cloth and

cordage. The name is also applied to various other plants

yielding fiber.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant,

prepared for spinning. The name has also been extended to various

fibers resembling the true hemp.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>African hemp</col>, <col>Bowstring

hemp</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>African</er>, and

<er>Bowstring</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bastard hemp</col>, <cd>the

Asiatic herb <spn>Datisca cannabina</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Canada

hemp</col>, <cd>a species of dogbane (<spn>Apocynum

cannabinum</spn>), the fiber of which was used by the

Indians.</cd> -- <col>Hemp agrimony</col>, <cd>a coarse,

composite herb of Europe (<spn>Eupatorium cannabinum</spn>), much

like the American boneset.</cd> -- <col>Hemp nettle</col>, <cd>a

plant of the genus <spn>Galeopsis</spn> (<spn>G. Tetrahit</spn>),

belonging to the Mint family.</cd> -- <col>Indian hemp</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Indian</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Manila

hemp</col>, <cd>the fiber of <spn>Musa textilis</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Sisal hemp</col>, <cd>the fiber of <spn>Agave

sisalana</spn>, of Mexico and Yucatan.</cd> -- <col>Sunn

hemp</col>, <cd>a fiber obtained from a leguminous plant

(<spn>Crotalaria juncea</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Water hemp</col>,

<cd>an annual American weed (<spn>Acnida cannabina</spn>),

related to the amaranth.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hemp"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Made of hemp; <as>as, a <ex>hempen</ex> cord</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like hemp.</def> \'bdBeat into a

<xex>hempen</xex> state.\'b8



<au>Cook.</au>



<hw>Hemp"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like hemp.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<mhw><hw>Hem*self"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hem*selve"</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <hw>Hem*selv"en</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>pron. pl</pos>. <ety>[See <er>Hem</er>,

<pos>pron</pos>.]</ety> <def>Themselves; -- used

reflexively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hem"stitch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hemstitched</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hemstitching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Hem</ets> +

<ets>stitch</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ornament at the head of a broad

hem by drawing out a few parallel threads, and fastening the

cross threads in successive small clusters; <as>as, to

<ex>hemstitch</ex> a handkerchief</as>.</def>



<hw>Hem"stitched</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

broad hem separated from the body of the article by a line of

open work; <as>as, a <ex>hemistitched</ex>

handkerchief</as>.</def>



<hw>He"muse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The roebuck in its third year.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Hen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>henn</ets>, <ets>hen</ets>, <ets>h\'91n</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>hen</ets>, OHG.  <ets>henna</ets>, G. <ets>henne</ets>,

Icel. <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>na</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'94na</ets>; the

fem. corresponding to AS. <ets>hana</ets> cock, D.

<ets>haan</ets>, OHG. <ets>hano</ets>, G. <ets>hahn</ets>, Icel.

<ets>hani</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>hane</ets>. Prob. akin to L.

<ets>canere</ets> to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf.

<er>Chanticleer</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse,

pheasants, or any kind of birds; <as>as, the heath <ex>hen</ex>;

the gray <ex>hen</ex>.</as></def>



<note><hand/ Used adjectively or in combination to indicate the

female; as, <xex>hen</xex> canary, <xex>hen</xex> eagle,

<xex>hen</xex> turkey, pea<xex>hen</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Hen clam</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

clam of the <spn>Mactra</spn>, and allied genera; the sea clam or

surf clam. See <er>Surf clam</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

California clam of the genus <spn>Pachydesma</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Hen driver</col>. <cd>See <cref>Hen harrier</cref>

(below).</cd> -- <col>Hen harrier</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a hawk (<spn>Circus cyaneus</spn>), found in Europe and

America; -- called also <altname>dove hawk</altname>,

<altname>henharm</altname>, <altname>henharrow</altname>,

<altname>hen driver</altname>, and usually, in America,

<altname>marsh hawk</altname>. See <er>Marsh hawk</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hen hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several

species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American

red-tailed hawk (<spn>Buteo borealis</spn>), the red-shouldered

hawk (<spn>B. lineatus</spn>), and the goshawk.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hen"bane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hen</ets> + <ets>bane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant of the genus <spn>Hyoscyamus</spn> (<spn>H.

niger</spn>). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the

leaves are used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is

poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name. Called also,

<altname>stinking nightshade</altname>, from the fetid odor of

the plant. See <er>Hyoscyamus</er>.</def>



<hw>Hen"bit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A weed of the genus <spn>Lamium</spn> (<spn>L.

amplexicaule</spn>) with deeply crenate leaves.</def>



<hw>Hence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hennes</ets>, <ets>hens</ets> (the <ets>s</ets> is prop. a

genitive ending; cf. <er>-wards</er>), also <ets>hen</ets>,

<ets>henne</ets>, <ets>hennen</ets>, <ets>heonnen</ets>,

<ets>heonene</ets>, AS. <ets>heonan</ets>, <ets>heonon</ets>,

<ets>heona</ets>, <ets>hine</ets>; akin to OHG.

<ets>hinn\'ben</ets>, G. <ets>hinnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>hina</ets>,

G. <ets>hin</ets>; all from the root of E. <ets>he</ets>. See

<er>He</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>From this place; away.</def>

\'bdOr that we <xex>hence</xex> wend.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Arise, let us go <qex>hence</qex>.</q>

<qau>John xiv. 31.</qau>



<q>I will send thee far <qex>hence</qex> unto the Gentiles.</q>

<qau>Acts xxii. 21.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>From this time; in the future; <as>as, a week

<ex>hence</ex></as>.</def> \'bdHalf an hour <xex>hence</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 686 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>From this reason; as an inference or

deduction.</def>



<q><qex>Hence</qex>, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear

of the Lord the beginning of wisdom.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>From this source or origin.</def>



<q>All other faces borrowed <qex>hence</qex>

Their light and grace.</q>

<qau>Suckling.</qau>



<q>Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not

<qex>hence</qex>, even of your lusts?</q>

<qau>James. iv. 1.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hence</xex> is used, elliptically and

imperatively, for <xex>go hence</xex>; <xex>depart hence</xex>;

<xex>away</xex>; <xex>be gone</xex>. \'bd<xex>Hence</xex> with

your little ones.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. -- <xex>From hence</xex>,

though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good

writers.</note><-- raus! -->



<q>An ancient author prophesied <qex>from hence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Expelled <qex>from hence</qex> into a world

Of woe and sorrow.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To send

away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Hence`forth"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>From

this time forward; henceforward.</def>



<q>I never from thy side <qex>henceforth</qex> to stray.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hence`for"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>From

this time forward; henceforth.</def>



<hw>Hench"boy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A page; a

servant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hench"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>-men</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>hencheman</ets>, <ets>henxman</ets>; prob. fr. OE. & AS.

<ets>hengest</ets> horse + E. <ets>man</ets>, and meaning, a

groom. AS. <ets>hengest</ets> is akin to D. & G.

<ets>hengst</ets> stallion, OHG. <ets>hengist</ets> horse,

gelding.]</ety> <def>An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now

chiefly used as a political cant term.</def>



<hw>Hen"coop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coop or

cage for hens.</def>



<hw>Hende</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE., near,

handy, kind, fr. AS. <ets>gehende</ets> near, fr. <ets>hand</ets>

hand. See <er>Handy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Skillful;

dexterous; clever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Friendly; civil; gentle; kind.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hen*dec"a*gon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

eleven + <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>hend\'82cagone</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven

angles.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>endecagon</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hen"de*cane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"e`ndeka</grk> eleven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

hydrocarbon, <chform>C11H24</chform>, of the paraffin series; --

so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule.

Called also <altname>endecane</altname>,

<altname>undecane</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables.</def>



<hw>Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>hendecasyllabus</ets>, Gr. <?/ eleven-syllabled;

<?/ eleven + <?/ syllable: cf. F.

<ets>hend\'82casyllabe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A metrical line of

eleven syllables.</def>



<au>J. Warton.</au>



<hw>Hen*dec`a*to"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hendecane</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Undecylic;

pertaining to, or derived from, hendecane; <as>as,

<ex>hendecatoic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Hen*di"a*dys</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ <?/ <?/ one by two.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A

figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected by

<xex>and</xex>, instead of by a noun and limiting adjective;

<as>as, we drink from <ex>cups and gold</ex>, for <ex>golden

cups</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hen"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Hende</er>.</def>



<hw>Hen"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Hence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hen"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine fish; the sea

bream.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A young bib. See <er>Bib</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>Heng</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>

<mord>of <er>Hang</er></mord>. <def>Hung.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hen"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cowardly;

timid; chicken-hearted.</def>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>Hen"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Henhouses</plw>.</plu> <def>A house or shelter for

fowls.</def>



<hw>Hen"hus`sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cotquean;

a man who intermeddles with women's concerns.</def>



<hw>He*ni"quen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Jeniquen</er>.</def>



<hw>Hen"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>hinn\'be</ets> alcanna (<spn>Lawsonia inermis</spn> or

<spn>alba</spn>). Cf. <er>Alcanna</er>, <er>Alkanet</er>,

<er>Orchanet</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A thorny tree or shrub of the

genus <spn>Lawsonia</spn> (<spn>L. alba</spn>). The fragrant

white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies.

The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the

East to stain the hails and fingers, the manes of horses,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The leaves of the henna plant,

or a preparation or dyestuff made from them.</def>



<hw>Hen"ner*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An inclosed

place for keeping hens.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Hen"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Hence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hen`no*tan"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Henna</ets> + <ets>tannic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a brown

resinous substance resembling tannin, and extracted from the

henna plant; <as>as, <ex>hennotannic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>He*nog"e* ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hen`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, masc., <?/, neut., one + root of <?/ to be

born.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Ontogeny</er>.</def>



<hw>Hen"o*the*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, one + E. <ets>theism</ets>.]</ety> <def>Primitive religion

in which each of several divinities is regarded as independent,

and is worshiped reference to the rest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>He*not"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ to unite, fr. <?/ one.]</ety> <def>Harmonizing; irenic.</def>



<au>Gladstone.</au>



<hw>Hen"peck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Henpecked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.</pos>

<er>Henpecking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To subject to petty

authority; -- said of a wife who thus treats her husband.

Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively).</def>



<hw>Hen"roost`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place

where hens roost.</def>



<hw>Hen"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Henrys</plw></plu>. <ety>[From Joseph <ets>Henry</ets>, an

American physicist.]</ety> <def>The unit of electric induction;

the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced

in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at

the rate of one amp\'8are a second.</def>



<hw>Hen's-foot`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Caucalis

daucoides</spn>).</def>



<hw>Hent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Hente</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Hent</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hente</ets>,

<ets>henten</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>hentan</ets>,

<ets>gehentan</ets>, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel.

<ets>henda</ets>, Goth. <ets>hinpan</ets> (in compos.), and E.

<ets>hunt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To seize; to lay hold on; to catch;

to get.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Piers Plowman. Spenser.</au>



<q>This cursed Jew him <qex>hente</qex> and held him fast.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>But all that he might of his friendes <qex>hente</qex>

On bookes and on learning he it spente.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Hen"ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A coarse, blackish seaweed. See <er>Badderlocks</er>.</def>



<hw>Henx"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Henchman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Hip</er>,

the fruit of the dog-rose.</def>



<hw>\'d8He"par</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hepar</ets>, <ets>hepatis</ets>, the liver, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Liver of sulphur; a

substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes used in medicine. It

is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp.

potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides.

Called also <altname>hepar sulphuris</altname>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any substance resembling hepar proper, in

appearance; specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called

also <altname>hepar sulphuris calcareum</altname> (<?/).</def>



<cs><col>Hepar antimonii</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <fld>(Old

Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a substance, of a liver-brown color, obtained

by fusing together antimony sulphide with alkaline sulphides, and

consisting of sulphantimonites of the alkalies; -- called also

<altname>liver of antimony</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>He*pat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hepaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the liver; akin to L.

<ets>jecur</ets>, Skr. <ets>yak<?/t</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82patique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to the liver; <as>as, <ex>hepatic</ex> artery; <ex>hepatic</ex>

diseases.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling the liver in color or in form;

<as>as, <ex>hepatic</ex> cinnabar</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling,

the plants called <spn>Hepatic\'91</spn>, or scale mosses and

liverworts.</def>



<cs><col>Hepatic duct</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>any biliary

duct; esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile

from the liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See

<xex>Illust<xex>., under <er>Digestive</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hepatic

gas</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sulphureted hydrogen

gas.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hepatic mercurial ore</col>, <or/

<col>Hepatic cinnabar</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Cinnabar</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8He*pat"i*ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hepatic\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See

<er>Hepatic</er>. So called in allusion to the shape of the lobed

leaves or fronds.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of pretty spring

flowers closely related to Anemone; squirrel cup.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant, usually procumbent

and mosslike, of the cryptogamous class <spn>Hepatic\'91</spn>;

-- called also <altname>scale moss</altname> and

<altname>liverwort</altname>. See <er>Hepatic\'91</er>, in the

Supplement.</def>



<hw>He*pat"ic*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hepatic.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hep"a*tite</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hepatitis</ets> an unknown precious stone, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/,

<?/, the liver: cf. F. <ets>h\'82patite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of barite emitting a fetid odor

when rubbed or heated.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hep`a*ti"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, liver + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the liver.</def>



<hw>Hep`a*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen

gas.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82patisation</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Conversion into a substance resembling the

liver; a state of the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so

that they are no longer pervious to the air.</def>



<hw>Hep"a*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hepatized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hepatizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to be like the liver, to

be liver-colored, fr. <?/, <?/, the liver: cf. E.

<ets>hepatite</ets>, and (for sense 2) F.

<ets>h\'82patiser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To impregnate

with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly called <xex>hepatic</xex>

gas.</def>



<q>On the right . . . were two wells of <qex>hepatized</qex>

water.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To gorge with effused matter, as the

lungs.</def>



<hw>He*pat"o*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the liver + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hernia

of the liver.</def>



<hw>Hep`a*to*cys"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepatic</ets> + <ets>cystic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the liver and gall

bladder; <as>as, the <ex>hepatocystic</ex> ducts</as>.</def>



<hw>Hep`a*to*gas"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepatic</ets> + <ets>gastric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gastrohepatic</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hep`a*to*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hep`a*tog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver +

root of <grk>gi`gnesthai</grk> to be born]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Arising from the liver; due to a condition

of the liver; <as>as, <ex>hepatogenic</ex> jaundice</as>.</def>



<hw>Hep`a*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver +

<ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the

liver; a treatise on the liver.</def>



<hw>Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + E.

<ets>pancreas</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called the

liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates.</def>



<hw>Hep`a*to*re"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepat</ets>ic + <ets>renal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the liver and

kidneys; <as>as, the <ex>hepatorenal</ex> ligament</as>.</def>



<hw>Hep`a*tos"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; fr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + <?/

to view: cf. F. <ets>h\'82patoscopie</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Divination by inspecting the liver of animals.</def>



<hw>Hep"pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>geh\'91p</ets> fit, Icel. <ets>heppinn</ets> lucky, E.

<ets>happy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Neat; fit; comfortable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hep"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon; a

parr.</def>



<hw>Hep"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See <er>Seven</er>.]</ety>

<def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk>, seven.</def>



<hw>Hep"ta*chord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"epta`xordos</grk> seven-stringed; <grk>"epta`</grk> seven +

<grk>xordh`</grk> chord: cf. F. <ets>heptacorde</ets>. See

<er>Seven</er>, and <er>Chord</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anc.

Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A system of seven sounds.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A lyre with seven chords.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Poet.)</fld> <def>A composition sung to

the sound of seven chords or tones.</def>



<au>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</au>



<hw>Hep"tad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>heptas</ets> the number seven. Gr. <?/, <?/, fr.

<grk>"epta`</grk> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An atom

which has a valence of seven, and which can be theoretically

combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, <xex>seven</xex>

monad atoms or radicals; <as>as, iodine is a <ex>heptad</ex> in

iodic acid</as>. Also used as an adjective.</def>



<hw>Hep"tade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>heptade</ets>. See <er>Heptad</er>.]</ety> <def>The sum or

number of seven.</def>



<hw>Hep"ta*glot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<grk>"epta`</grk> seven + 3, <?/, tongue, language.]</ety> <def>A

book in seven languages.</def>



<hw>Hep"ta*gon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sevencornered; <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <?/ angle: cf. F.

<ets>heptagone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane

figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles.</def>



<hw>Hep*tag"o*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>heptagonal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having seven angles or

sides.</def>



<cs><col>Heptagonal numbers</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the

numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate

numbers formed by adding successively the terms of the

arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Hep`ta*gyn"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <?/ woman, female:

cf. F. <ets>heptagunie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

Linn\'91an order of plants having seven pistils.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hep`ta*gyn"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hep*tag"y*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>heptagyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having seven pistils.</def>



<hw>Hep`ta*he"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seat, base, fr. <?/ to sit: cf.

F. <ets>hepta\'8adre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A

solid figure with seven sides.</def>



<hw>Hep*tam"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Consisting of seven parts, or having the parts in sets of

sevens.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hep*tan"dri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <?/, <?/, man, male:

cf. F. <ets>heptandrie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

Linn\'91an class of plants having seven stamens.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hep*tan"dri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hep*tan"drous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>heptandre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having seven stamens.</def>



<hw>Hep"tane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"epta`</grk> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one

of several isometric hydrocarbons, <chform>C7H16</chform>, of the

paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called

because the molecule has <xex>seven</xex> carbon atoms.

Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of

petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc.</def>



<hw>Hep*tan"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>heptangulaire</ets>. Cf. <er>Septangular</er>.]</ety>

<def>Having seven angles.</def>



<hw>Hep*taph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf: cf. F.

<ets>heptaphylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

seven leaves.</def>



<hw>Hep"tarch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Heptarchist</er>.</def>



<hw>Hep*tar"chic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>heptarchique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a

heptarchy; constituting or consisting of a heptarchy.</def>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Hep"tarch*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A ruler

of one division of a heptarchy.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>heptarch</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hep"tarch*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + <ets>-archy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>heptarchie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A government by seven persons;

also, a country under seven rulers.</def>



<note><hand/ The word is most commonly applied to England, when

it was divided into seven kingdoms; as, the Saxon

<xex>heptachy</xex>, which consisted of Kent, the South Saxons

(Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons (Essex), the East

Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland.</note>



<hw>Hep`ta*sper"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a seed.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seven seeds.</def>



<hw>Hep"ta*stich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <grk>sti`chos</grk> line,

verse.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A composition consisting of

seven lines or verses.</def>



<hw>Hep"ta*teuch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>heptateuchos</ets>, Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <?/ tool,

book; <?/ to prepare, make, work: cf. F.

<ets>heptateuque</ets>.]</ety> <def>The first seven books of the

Testament.</def>



<hw>Hep*tav"a*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, p. pr. See

<er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having seven

units of attractive force or affinity; -- said of

<xex>heptad</xex> elements or radicals.</def>



<hw>Hep"tene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"epta`</grk> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Heptylene</er>.</def>



<hw>Hep"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hept</ets>ane + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of unsaturated

metameric hydrocarbons, <chform>C7H12</chform>, of the acetylene

series.</def>



<hw>Hep*to"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; <as>as,

<ex>heptoic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Hep"tone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"epta`</grk> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid

hydrocarbon, <chform>C7H10</chform>, of the valylene

series.</def>



<hw>Hep" tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See <er>Hep</er>.]</ety>

<def>The wild dog-rose.</def>



<hw>Hep"tyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical,

<chform>C7H15</chform>, regarded as the essential radical of

heptane and a related series of compounds.</def>



<hw>Hep"tyl*ene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid hydrocarbon,

<chform>C7H14</chform>, of the ethylene series; also, any one of

its isomers. Called also <altname>heptene</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hep*tyl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or

heptane; <as>as, <ex>heptylic</ex> alcohol</as>. Cf.

<er><OE/nanthylic</er>.</def>



<hw>Her</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron. & a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hire</ets>, <ets>here</ets>, <ets>hir</ets>,

<ets>hure</ets>, gen. and dat. sing., AS. <ets>hire</ets>, gen.

and dat. sing. of <ets>h\'82o</ets> she. from the same root as E.

<ets>he</ets>. See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <def>The form of the

objective and the possessive case of the personal pronoun

<xex>she</xex>; <as>as, I saw <ex>her</ex> with <ex>her</ex>

purse out</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The possessive <xex>her</xex> takes the form

<xex>hers</xex> when the noun with which in agrees is not given,

but implied. \'bdAnd what his fortune wanted, <xex>hers</xex>

could mend.\'b8</note>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<mhw><hw>Her</hw>, <hw>Here</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>pron.

pl.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>here</ets>, <ets>hire</ets>, AS.

<ets>heora</ets>, <ets>hyra</ets>, gen. pl. of

<ets>h<emac/</ets>. See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <def>Of them;

their.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<q>On <qex>here</qex> bare knees adown they fall.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>He*rac"le*on*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Heracleon of Alexandria, a

Judaizing Gnostic, in the early history of the Christian

church.</def>



<hw>He*rak"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

Hercules.]</ety> <def>A picrate compound, used as an explosive in

blasting.</def>



<hw>Her"ald</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>herald</ets>, <ets>heraud</ets>, OF. <ets>heralt</ets>,

<ets>heraut</ets>, <ets>herault</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82raut</ets>,

LL. <ets>heraldus</ets>, <ets>haraldus</ets>, fr. (assumed) OHG.

<ets>heriwalto</ets>, <ets>hariwaldo</ets>, a (civil) officer who

serves the army; <ets>hari</ets>, <ets>heri</ets>, army +

<ets>waltan</ets> to manage, govern, G. <ets>walten</ets>; akin

to E. <ets>wield</ets>. See <er>Harry</er>,

<er>Wield</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>An

officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to

challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from

the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and

inviolable character.</def>



<-- p. 687 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the

above duties, and also with the care of genealogies, of the

rights and privileges of noble families, and especially of

armorial bearings. In modern times, some vestiges of this office

remain, especially in England. See <cref>Heralds' College</cref>

(below), and <er>King-at-Arms</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes

or announces; <as>as, the <ex>herald</ex> of another's

fame</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger.</def>



<q>It was the lark, the <qex>herald</qex> of the morn.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any messenger.</def> \'bdMy <xex>herald</xex> is

returned.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Heralds' College</col>, <cd>in England, an ancient

corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted or perhaps

recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the three

Kings-at-Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset,

Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This

retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings

of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and

kindred subjects; -- called also <altname>College of

Arms</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Her"ald</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Heralded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Heralding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>herauder</ets>, <ets>heraulder</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim; to

announce; to foretell; to usher in.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>He*ral"dic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>h\'82raldique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to heralds

or heraldry; <as>as, <ex>heraldic</ex> blazoning;

<ex>heraldic</ex> language.</as></def>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>He*ral"dic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

an heraldic manner; according to the rules of heraldry.</def>



<hw>Her"ald*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or

office of a herald; the art, practice, or science of recording

genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial; also, of

marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public ceremonies.</def>



<hw>Her"ald*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

herald.</def>



<au>Selden.</au>



<hw>Her"a*path*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after Dr. <ets>Herapath</ets>, the discoverer.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance

crystallizing in thin plates remarkable for their effects in

polarizing light.</def>



<hw>Her"aud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A herald.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Herb</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>herbe</ets>, <ets>erbe</ets>, OF. <ets>herbe</ets>,

<ets>erbe</ets>, F. <ets>herbe</ets>, L. <ets>herba</ets>; perh.

akin to Gr. <grk>forbh`</grk> food, pasture, <grk>fe`rbein</grk>

to feed.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A plant whose stem does not

become woody and permanent, but dies, at least down to the

ground, after flowering.</def>



<note><hand/ Annual herbs live but one season; biennial herbs

flower the second season, and then die; perennial herbs produce

new stems year after year.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Grass; herbage.</def>



<q>And flocks

Grazing the tender <qex>herb</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Herb bennet</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Bennet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Herb Christopher</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb (<spn>Act\'91a spicata</spn>),

whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name

is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the

wood betony, etc.</cd> -- <col>Herb Gerard</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the goutweed; -- so called in honor of St.

<xex>Gerard<xex>, who used to be invoked against the gout.

<au>Dr. Prior</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Herb grace</col>, <or/

<col>Herb of grace</col></mcol>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Rue</er>.</cd> -- <col>Herb Margaret</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the daisy. See <er>Marguerite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Herb

Paris</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Old World plant related to

the trillium (<spn>Paris quadrifolia</spn>), commonly reputed

poisonous.</cd> -- <col>Herb Robert</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a species of <spn>Geranium</spn> (<spn>G.

Robertianum</spn>.)</cd></cs>



<hw>Her*ba"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>herbaceus</ets> grassy. See <er>Herb</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to herbs; having the nature, texture, or

characteristics, of an herb; <as>as, <ex>herbaceous</ex> plants;

an <ex>herbaceous</ex> stem.</as></def>



<hw>Herb"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Herb</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass;

pasture.</def> \'bdThin <xex>herbage</xex> in the plaims.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>The liberty or right of

pasture in the forest or in the grounds of another man.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Herb"aged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with

grass.</def>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>Herb"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to herbs.</def>



<au>Quarles.</au>



<hw>Herb"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

book containing the names and descriptions of plants.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of specimens of plants, dried and

preserved; a hortus siccus; an herbarium.</def>



<au>Steele.</au>



<hw>Herb"al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

knowledge of herbs.</def>



<hw>Herb"al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled in the

knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs,

especially medicinal herbs.</def>



<hw>Herb"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An herb.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Her*ba"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

herbalist.</def>



<hw>Herb"a*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

herbalist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Her*ba"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Herbariums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Herbaria</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>herba</ets>. See

<er>Herb</er>, and cf. <er>Arbor</er>, <er>Herbary</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A collection of dried specimens of plants,

systematically arranged.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A book or case for preserving dried

plants.</def>



<hw>Herb"a*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Herborize</er>.</def>



<hw>Herb"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Herbarium</er>.]</ety> <def>A garden of herbs; a cottage

garden.</def>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Herb"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>herbier</ets>, LL. <ets>herbarium</ets>. See

<er>Herbarium</er>.]</ety> <def>A garden; a pleasure

garden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdInto an <xex>herber</xex>

green.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Her"berg*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Harborage</er>.]</ety> <def>Harborage; lodging; shelter;

harbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Her"ber*geour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Harbinger</er>.]</ety> <def>A harbinger.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw><hw>Her"bergh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Her"ber*we</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Harbor</er>.]</ety> <def>A harbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Her*bes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>herbescens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of

<ets>herbescere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Growing into herbs.</def>



<hw>Herb"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>herbidus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Covered with herbs.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Her*bif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Herb</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>herbif\'82re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing herbs or

vegetation.</def>



<hw>Herb"ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

herbalist.</def>



<hw>\'d8Her*biv"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>herba</ets> herb + <ets>vorare</ets> to

devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division

of Mammalia. It formerly included the Proboscidea, Hyracoidea,

Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by later writers it is

generally restricted to the two latter groups (Ungulata). They

feed almost exclusively upon vegetation.</def>



<hw>Her"bi*vore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>herbivore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

the Herbivora.</def>



<au>P. H. Gosse.</au>



<hw>Her*biv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating plants; of or pertaining to the

Herbivora.</def>



<hw>Herb"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

herbs or of vegetation.</def>



<au>J. Warton.</au>



<hw>Herb"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

herb.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Her"bo*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>herboriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A herbalist.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Her`bo*ri*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>herborisation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

herborizing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The figure of plants in minerals or

fossils.</def>



<hw>Her"bo*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Herborized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Herborizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>herboriser</ets>, for

<ets>herbariser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>herbarium</ets>. See

<er>Hebrarium</er>.]</ety> <def>To search for plants, or new

species of plants, with a view to classifying them.</def>



<q>He <qex>herborized</qex> as he traveled.</q>

<qau>W. Tooke.</qau>



<hw>Her"bo*rize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form the figures

of plants in; -- said in reference to minerals. See

<er>Arborized</er>.</def>



<q><qex>Herborized</qex> stones contain fine mosses.</q>

<qau>Fourcroy (Trans.)</qau>



<hw>Her"bor*ough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Harborough</er>, and <er>Harbor</er>.]</ety> <def>A

harbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Her*bose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Herb"ous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>herbosus</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>herbeux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abounding with

herbs.</def> \'bdFields poetically called <xex>herbose</xex>.\'b8



<au>Byrom.</au>



<hw>Herb"-wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Herb-women</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman that

sells herbs.</def>



<hw>Herb"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

nature of, pertaining to, or covered with, herbs or

herbage.</def> \'bd<xex>Herby</xex> valleys.\'b8



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Her*cog"a*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a fence + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not capable

of self-fertilization; -- said of hermaphrodite flowers in which

some structural obstacle forbids autogamy.</def>



<hw>Her*cu"le*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>herculeus</ets>, fr. <ets>Hercules</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hercul\'82en</ets>. See <er>Hercules</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very

great, difficult, or dangerous; <as>as, an <ex>Herculean</ex>

task</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having extraordinary strength or size; <as>as,

<ex>Herculean</ex> limbs</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Herculean</xex>

Samson.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Her"cu*les</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A hero, fabled to have been the son

of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp.

for the accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or

\'bdlabors.\'b8</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation in the

northern hemisphere, near Lyra.</def>



<cs><col>Hercules' beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any

species of <spn>Dynastes</spn>, an American genus of very large

lamellicorn beetles, esp. <spn>D. hercules</spn> of South

America, which grows to a length of six inches.</cd> --

<col>Hercules' club</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An

ornamental tree of the West Indies (<spn>Zanthoxylum

Clava-Herculis</spn>), of the same genus with the prickly

ash.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A variety of the common gourd

(<spn>Lagenaria vulgaris</spn>). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five

feet in length.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The Angelica tree. See

under <er>Angelica</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hercules powder</col>,

<cd>an explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used for

blasting.</cd></cs>



<hw>Her*cyn"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hercynia</ets> silva, <ets>Hercynius</ets> saltus, the

Hercynian forest; cf. Gr. <?/ <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining

to an extensive forest in Germany, of which there are still

portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains.</def>



<hw>Herd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Haired.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Herd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>herd</ets>, <ets>heord</ets>, AS. <ets>heord</ets>; akin to

OHG. <ets>herta</ets>,G. <ets>herde</ets>, Icel.

<ets>hj\'94r<?/</ets>, Sw. <ets>hjord</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hiord</ets>, Goth. <ets>ha\'a1rda</ets>; cf. Skr.

<ets>\'87ardha</ets> troop, host.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A number of beasts assembled together; <as>as, a

<ex>herd</ex> of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, deer,

or swine</as>; a particular stock or family of cattle.</def>



<q>The lowing <qex>herd</qex> wind slowly o'er the lea.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Herd</xex> is distinguished from

<xex>flock</xex>, as being chiefly applied to the larger animals.

A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a

<xex>drove</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A crowd of low people; a rabble.</def>



<q>But far more numerous was the <qex>herd</qex> of such

Who think too little and who talk too much.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>You can never interest the common <qex>herd</qex> in the

abstract question.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<cs><col>Herd's grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of several

species of grass, highly esteemed for hay. See under

<er>Grass</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Herd</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hirde</ets>,

<ets>herde</ets>, <ets>heorde</ets>, AS. <ets>hirde</ets>,

<ets>hyrde</ets>, <ets>heorde</ets>; akin to G. <ets>hirt</ets>,

<ets>hirte</ets>, OHG. <ets>hirti</ets>, Icel.

<ets>hir</ets><?/<ets>ir</ets>, Sw. <ets>herde</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hyrde</ets>, Goth. <ets>ha\'a1rdeis</ets>. See 2d

<er>Herd</er>.]</ety> <def>One who herds or assembles domestic

animals; a herdsman; -- much used in composition; <as>as, a

shep<ex>herd</ex>; a goat<ex>herd</ex>, and the like.</as></def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Herd</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Herded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Herding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See 2d <er>Herd</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run

together, or in company; <as>as, sheep <ex>herd</ex> on many

hills</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To associate; to ally one's self with, or place

one's self among, a group or company.</def>



<q>I'll <qex>herd</qex> among his friends, and seem

One of the number.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To act as a herdsman or a shepherd.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Herd</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form or put into a

herd.</def>



<hw>Herd"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A book

containing the list and pedigrees of one or more herds of choice

breeds of cattle; -- also called <altname>herd record</altname>,

or <altname>herd register</altname>.</def>



<hw>Herd"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

herdsman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Her"der*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after Baron von <ets>Herder</ets>, who discovered it.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small

white crystals.</def>



<hw>Herd"ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shepherdess;

a female herder.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>  <au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Herd"groom`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

herdsman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Her"dic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named from

Peter <ets>Herdic</ets>, the inventor.]</ety> <def>A kind of

low-hung cab.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Herd"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Herds"man</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The owner or keeper of a herd or of

herds; one employed in tending a herd of cattle.</def>



<hw>Herds"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

-<plw>women</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman who tends a

herd.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Here</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hair.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Here</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>See

<er>Her</er>, their.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Her; hers. See <er>Her</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Here</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>her</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/r</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>h<?/r</ets>, D. <ets>hier</ets>, OHG. <ets>hiar</ets>, G.

<ets>hier</ets>, Icel. & Goth. <ets>h<?/r</ets>, Dan.

<ets>her</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84r</ets>; fr. root of E.

<ets>he</ets>. See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In this

place; in the place where the speaker is; -- opposed to

<ant>there</ant>.</def>



<q>He is not <qex>here</qex>, for he is risen.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxviii. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the present life or state</def>.



<q>Happy <qex>here</qex>, and more happy hereafter.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To or into this place; hither.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> See <er>Thither</er>.</def>



<q><qex>Here</qex> comes Virgil.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>Thou led'st me <qex>here</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>At this point of time, or of an argument;

now.</def>



<q>The prisoner <qex>here</qex> made violent efforts to rise.</q>

<qau>Warren.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Here</xex>, in the last sense, is sometimes

used before a verb without subject; as, <xex>Here goes</xex>, for

Now (something or somebody) goes; -- especially occurring thus in

drinking healths. \'bd<xex>Here's</xex> [a health] to thee,

Dick.\'b8</note>



<au>Cowley.</au>



<cs><col>Here and there</col>, <cd>in one place and another; in a

dispersed manner; irregularly. \'bdFootsteps <xex>here and

there<xex>.\'b8 <au>Longfellow</au>.</cd> -- <col>It is neither,

here nor there</col>, <cd>it is neither in this place nor in

that, neither in one place nor in another; hence, it is to no

purpose, irrelevant, nonsense.</cd><-- mostly used to mean

"irrelevant" --> <au>Shak.</au></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Here"a-bout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Here"a*bouts`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>About this

place; in this vicinity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Concerning this.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Here*aft"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h</ets><?/<ets>r\'91fter</ets>.]</ety> <def>In time to come;

in some future time or state.</def>



<q><qex>Hereafter</qex> he from war shall come.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Here*aft"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A future existence or

state.</def>

<-- Syn. afterlife, the life to come, future life, eternal bliss,

eternal reward, -->



<q>'Tis Heaven itself that points out an

<qex>hereafter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Here*aft"er*ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Hereafter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thou shalt <qex>hereafterward</qex> . . . come.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Here-at"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At, or by

reason of, this; <as>as, he was offended

<ex>hereat</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Here*by"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>By means of this.</def>



<q>And <qex>hereby</qex> we do know that we know him.</q>

<qau>1 John ii. 3.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Close by; very near.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>State of being hereditable.</def>



<au>Brydges.</au>



<hw>He*red"i*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>hereditabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>hereditare</ets> to inherit,

fr. L. <ets>hereditas</ets> heirship inheritance,

<ets>heres</ets> heir: cf. OF. <ets>hereditable</ets>. See

<er>Heir</er>, and cf. <er>Heritable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capable of being inherited. See <er>Inheritable</er>.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Qualified to inherit; capable of

inheriting.</def>



<hw>He*red"i*ta*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

inheritance.</def>



<au>W. Tooke.</au>



<hw>Her`e*dit"a*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>hereditamentum</ets>. See <er>Hereditable</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any species of property that may be

inherited; lands, tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal,

real, personal, or mixed, that may descend to an heir.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<note><hand/ A <xex>corporeal hereditament</xex> is visible and

tangible; an <xex>incorporeal hereditament</xex> is not in itself

visible or tangible, being an hereditary right, interest, or

obligation, as duty to pay rent, or a right of way.</note>



<hw>He*red"i*ta*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

inheritance; in an hereditary manner.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>He*red"i*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hereditarius</ets>, fr. <ets>hereditas</ets> heirship,

inheritance, fr. <ets>heres</ets> heir: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82r\'82ditaire</ets>. See <er>Heir</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Descended, or capable of descending, from an

ancestor to an heir at law; received or passing by inheritance,

or that must pass by inheritance; <as>as, an <ex>hereditary</ex>

estate or crown</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as

a constitutional quality or condition from a parent to a child;

<as>as, <ex>hereditary</ex> pride, bravery, disease</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable.</syn>



<hw>He*red"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hereditas</ets> heirship.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical

qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by

which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their

descendants. See <er>Pangenesis</er>.</def>



<hw>Her"e*ford</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a

breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The

Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing

quality is excellent.</def>



<hw>Here"hence`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>From

hence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Here*in"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h</ets><?/<ets>rinne</ets>.]</ety> <def>In this.</def>



<q><qex>Herein</qex> is my Father glorified, that ye bear much

fruit.</q>

<qau>John xv. 8.</qau>



<hw>Here`in*aft"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

following part of this (writing, document, speech, and the

like).</def>



<hw>Here`in*be*fore"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the preceding

part of this (writing, document, book, etc.).</def>



<hw>Here`in*to"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Into

this.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Her"e*mit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Her"e*mite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hermit</er>.]</ety> <def>A hermit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Her`e*mit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a hermit; solitary; secluded from society.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Her"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of

hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Here*of"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Of this;

concerning this; from this; hence.</def>



<q><qex>Hereof</qex> comes it that Prince Harry is valiant.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Here*on"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>On or upon

this; hereupon.</def>



<hw>Here*out"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Out of

this.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Her"e*si*arch</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>haeresiarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ heresy + <?/ leader, <?/ to

lead: cf. F. <ets>h\'82r\'82siarque</ets>.]</ety> <def>A leader

in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics.</def>



<au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au>



<hw>Her"e*si*arch`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chief

or great heresy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of

<qex>heresiarchies</qex> against our blessed Savior.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Herbert.</qau>



<hw>Her`e*si*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Heresiography</er>.]</ety> <def>One who writes on

heresies.</def>



<hw>Her`e*si*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ heresy + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82r\'82siographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on

heresy.</def>



<hw>Her"e*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Heresies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>heresie</ets>, <ets>eresie</ets>, OF. <ets>heresie</ets>,

<ets>iresie</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82r\'82sie</ets>, L.

<ets>haeresis</ets>, Gr. <?/ a taking, a taking for one's self,

choosing, a choice, a sect, a heresy, fr. <?/ to take,

choose.]</ety>



<-- p. 688 -->



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An opinion held in opposition to the established

or commonly received doctrine, and tending to promote a division

or party, as in politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; --

usually, but not necessarily, said in reproach.</def>



<q>New opinions

Divers and dangerous, which are <qex>heresies</qex>,

And, not reformed, may prove pernicious.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the

philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many

questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased,

each several opinion was called a <qex>heresy</qex>; which

signified no more than a private opinion, without reference to

truth or falsehood.</q>

<qau>Hobbes.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Religious opinion opposed to

the authorized doctrinal standards of any particular church,

especially when tending to promote schism or separation; lack of

orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or erroneous belief in

regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth;

heterodoxy.</def>



<q>Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts,

From whence arise diversity of sects,

And hateful <qex>heresies</qex> by God abhor'd.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest

<qex>heresy</qex> in the world is a wicked life.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An offense against

Christianity, consisting in a denial of some essential doctrine,

which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately

maintained.</def>



<q>A second offense is that of <qex>heresy</qex>, which consists

not in a total denial of Christianity, but of some its essential

doctrines, publicly and obstinately avowed.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<note><hand/ \'bdWhen I call dueling, and similar aberrations of

honor, a moral <xex>heresy</xex>, I refer to the force of the

Greek <?/, as signifying a principle or opinion taken up by the

will for the will's sake, as a proof or pledge to itself of its

own power of self-determination, independent of all other

motives.\'b8</note>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Her"e*tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>haereticus</ets>, Gr. <?/ able to choose, heretical, fr. <?/

to take, choose: cf. F. <ets>h\'82r\'82tique</ets>. See

<er>Heresy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who holds to a

heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the

established faith or prevailing religion.</def>



<q>A man that is an <qex>heretic</qex>, after the first and

second admonition, reject.</q>

<qau>Titus iii. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One who having made a

profession of Christian belief, deliberately and pertinaciously

refuses to believe one or more of the articles of faith

\'bddetermined by the authority of the universal

church.\'b8</def>



<au>Addis & Arnold.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Heretic</er>, <er>Schismatic</er>,

<er>Sectarian</er>.</syn>  <usage>A <xex>heretic</xex> is one

whose errors are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character,

tending to subvert the true faith. A <xex>schismatic</xex> is one

who creates a <xex>schism</xex>, or division in the church, on

points of faith, discipline, practice, etc., usually for the sake

of personal aggrandizement. A <xex>sectarian</xex> is one who

originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a

<xex>sect</xex>, or distinct organization, which separates from

the main body of believers.</usage>



<hw>He*ret"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing

heresy; of the nature of, or characterized by, heresy.</def>



<hw>He*ret"i*cal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an heretical

manner.</def>



<hw>He*ret"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>haereticatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>haereticare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To decide to be heresy or a heretic; to denounce as a

heretic or heretical.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<q>And let no one be minded, on the score of my neoterism, to

<qex>hereticate</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Fitzed. Hall.</qau>



<hw>He*ret`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of hereticating or pronouncing heretical.</def>



<au>London Times.</au>



<hw>Here*to"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>To this;

hereunto.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Her"e*toch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Her"e*tog</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>heretoga</ets>, <ets>heretoha</ets>; <ets>here</ets> army + 

<ets>te\'a2n</ets> to draw, lead; akin to OS.

<ets>heritogo</ets>, OHG. <ets>herizogo</ets>, G.

<ets>herzog</ets> duke.]</ety> <fld>(AS. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The

leader or commander of an army; also, a marshal.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Here`to*fore"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Up to

this time; hitherto; before; in time past.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Here`un*to"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Unto

this; up to this time; hereto.</def>



<hw>Here`up*on"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>On this;

hereon.</def>



<hw>Here*with"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

this.</def>



<hw>Her"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hery</er>.]</ety> <def>To praise; to worship.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Her"i*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>heregeatu</ets> military equipment, heriot; <ets>here</ets>

army + <ets>geatwe</ets>, pl., arms, equipments.]</ety>

<fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Formerly, a payment or tribute of arms

or military accouterments, or the best beast, or chattel, due to

the lord on the death of a tenant; in modern use, a customary

tribute of goods or chattels to the lord of the fee, paid on the

decease of a tenant.</def>



<au>Blackstone. Bouvier.</au>



<cs><col>Heriot custom</col>, <cd>a heriot depending on

usage.</cd> -- <col>Heriot service</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a

heriot due by reservation in a grant or lease of lands.</cd></cs>



<au>Spelman. Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Her"i*ot*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Subject

to the payment of a heriot.</def>



<au>Burn.</au>



<hw>Her"is*son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>h\'82risson</ets>, prop., hedgehog.]</ety>

<fld>(fort.)</fld> <def>A beam or bar armed with iron spikes, and

turning on a pivot; -- used to block up a passage.</def>



<hw>Her`it*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being heritable.</def>



<hw>Her"it*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>h\'82ritable</ets>. See <er>Heritage</er>,

<er>Hereditable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being

inherited or of passing by inheritance; inheritable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of inheriting or receiving by

inheritance.</def>



<q>This son shall be legitimate and <qex>heritable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<cs><col>Heritable rights</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>,

<cd>rights of the heir; rights to land or whatever may be

intimately connected with land; realty.</cd></cs>



<au>Jacob (Law Dict.).</au>



<hw>Her"it*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>heritage</ets>, <ets>eritage</ets>, OF. <ets>heritage</ets>,

<ets>eritage</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82ritage</ets>, fr.

<ets>h\'82riter</ets> to inherit, LL. <ets>heriditare</ets>. See

<er>Hereditable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is

inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance.</def>



<q>Part of my <qex>heritage</qex>,

Which my dead father did bequeath to me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A possession; the

Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a flock under pastoral

charge.</def>



<qau>Joel iii. 2.</qau>  <qau>1 Peter v. 3.</qau>



<hw>Her"it*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>heritance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Heritage; inheritance.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Robbing their children of the <qex>heritance</qex>

Their fathers handed down</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>Her"it*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>her<?/ator</ets>, fr. L. <ets>heres</ets> an heir.]</ety>

<def>A proprietor or landholder in a parish.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Herl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Harl</er>, 2.</def>



<mhw><hw>Her"ling</hw>, <hw>Hir"ling</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The young of the sea trout.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Her"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Herm\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Hermes</er>, <sn>2.</sn></def>



<hw>Her*maph`ro*de"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hermaphrodism.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Her*maph"ro*dism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>hermaphrodisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Hermaphroditism</er>.</def>



<hw>Her*maph"ro*dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hermaphroditus</ets>, Gr. <?/, so called from the mythical

story that <ets>Hermaphroditus</ets>, son of Hermes and

Aphrodite, when bathing, became joined in one body with Salmacis,

the nymph of a fountain in Caria: cf. F.

<ets>hermaphrodite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An

individual which has the attributes of both male and female, or

which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having

the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains

both the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same

receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the

union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true

hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. in Appendix, under <xex>Helminths</xex>.</def>



<hw>Her*maph"ro*dite</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Including, or being

of, both sexes; <as>as, an <ex>hermaphrodite</ex> animal or

flower</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hermaphrodite brig</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Brig</er>.</cd></cs>



<au>Totten.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Her*maph`ro*dit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Partaking of the

characteristics of both sexes; characterized by

hermaphroditism.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Her*maph"ro*dit*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The union of the two sexes in the same

individual, or the combination of some of their characteristics

or organs in one individual.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Her`me*neu"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Her`me*neu"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to interpret: cf. F.

<ets>herm\'82neutique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unfolding the

signification; of or pertaining to interpretation; exegetical;

explanatory; <as>as, <ex>hermeneutic</ex> theology, or the art of

expounding the Scriptures; a <ex>hermeneutic</ex>

phrase.</as></def>



<hw>Her`me*neu"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According to

the principles of interpretation; <as>as, a verse of Scripture

was examined <ex>hermeneutically</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Her`me*neu"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ (sc. <?/).]</ety> <def>The science of interpretation and

explanation; exegesis; esp., that branch of theology which

defines the laws whereby the meaning of the Scriptures is to be

ascertained.</def>



<au>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</au>



<hw>Her"mes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Mercury</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hermes Trismegistus</xex> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>'Ermh^s trisme`gistos</grk>, lit., Hermes thrice

greatest]</ety> was a late name of Hermes, especially as

identified with the Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled

inventor of astrology and alchemy.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch\'91ology)</fld> <def>Originally, a

boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of boundaries, and

therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and shoulders,

placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of the

body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts

of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often

representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in

later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also

<altname>herma</altname>. See <cref>Terminal statue</cref>, under

<er>Terminal</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Her*met"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Her*met"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>herm\'82tique</ets>. See Note under <er>Hermes</er>,

1.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or taught by,

Hermes Trismegistus; <as>as, <ex>hermetic</ex> philosophy</as>.

Hence: Alchemical; chemic.</def> \'bdDelusions of the

<xex>hermetic</xex> art.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<q>The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make

gold, considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called

themselves <qex>Hermetic</qex> philosophers.</q>

<qau>A. B. Buckley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the system which explains

the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine on the

principles of the hermetic philosophy, and which made much use,

as a remedy, of an alkali and an acid; <as>as, <ex>hermetic</ex>

medicine</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so

that no gas or spirit can enter or escape; <as>as, an

<ex>hermetic</ex> seal</as>. See Note under

<er>Hermetically</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Hermetic art</col>, <cd>alchemy.</cd> -- <col>Hermetic

books</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Books of the Egyptians, which treat

of astrology.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Books which treat of

universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial

beings, of medicine, and other topics.</cd></cs>



<hw>Her*met"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an

hermetical manner; chemically.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>By fusion, so as to form an air-tight

closure.</def>



<note><hand/ A vessel or tube is <xex>hermetically</xex> sealed

when it is closed completely against the passage of air or other

fluid by fusing the extremity; -- sometimes less properly applied

to any air-tight closure.</note>



<hw>Her"mit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ermite</ets>, <ets>eremite</ets>, <ets>heremit</ets>,

<ets>heremite</ets>, F. <ets>hermite</ets>, <ets>ermite</ets>, L.

<ets>eremita</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ lonely, solitary. Cf.

<er>Eremite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person who retires

from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret;

especially, one who so lives from religious motives.</def>



<q>He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign,

took on him the habit of a <qex>hermit</qex>, and retired into

this solitary spot.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A beadsman; one bound to pray for another.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWe rest your <xex>hermits</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Hermit crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine

decapod crustacean of the family <spn>Pagurid\'91</spn>. The

species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called also

<altname>soldier crab</altname>. The hermit crabs usually occupy

the dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See

<xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Commensal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hermit

thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American thrush

(<spn>Turdus Pallasii</spn>), with retiring habits, but having a

sweet song.</cd> -- <col>Hermit warbler</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a California wood warbler

(<spn>Dendroica occidentalis</spn>), having the head yellow, the

throat black, and the back gray, with black streaks.</cd></cs>



<hw>Her"mit*age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hermitage</ets>, <ets>ermitage</ets>, F.

<ets>hermitage</ets>, <ets>ermitage</ets>. See

<er>Hermit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The habitation of a

hermit; a secluded residence.</def>

<-- (Capitalized) The name given by Catherine II to a part of the

Czars' Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, now an art museum with a

very large collection of old master paintings -->



<q>Some forlorn and naked <qex>hermitage</qex>,

Remote from all the pleasures of the world.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>Vin de l'Hermitage</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department of

Dr\'93me.</def>



<hw>Her"mit*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>hermitorium</ets>, <ets>eremitorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

cell annexed to an abbey, for the use of a hermit.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Her"mit*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female hermit.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Her*mit"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or suited for, a hermit.</def>



<au>Coventry.</au>



<hw>Her`mo*dac"tyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>hermodactylus</ets>, lit., Hermes' finger; fr. Gr. <?/

Hermes + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>A heart-shaped

bulbous root, about the size of a finger, brought from Turkey,

formerly used as a cathartic.</def>



<hw>Her`mo*ge"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>A disciple of <xex>Hermogenes</xex>, and

heretical teacher who lived in Africa near the close of the

second century. He ha<?/d matter to be the fountain of all evil,

and that souls and spirits are formed of corrupt matter.</def>



<hw>Hern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A heron; esp., the common European heron.</def> \'bdA

stately <xex>hern</xex>.\'b8



<au>Trench.</au>



<hw>Her*na"ni</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thin silk

or woolen goods, for women's dresses, woven in various styles and

colors.</def>



<hw>Herne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hyrne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A corner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Lurking in <qex>hernes</qex> and in lanes blind.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Her"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Hernias</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Herni\'91</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from

its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or

accidental opening in the walls of the latter; <as>as,

<ex>hernia</ex> of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels</as>.

Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also

<altname>rupture</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Strangulated hernia</col>, <cd>a hernia so tightly

compressed in some part of the channel through which it has been

protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of

the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but

is more common in the latter.</cd></cs>



<hw>Her"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of, or

connected with, hernia.</def>



<hw>Her`ni*ot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hernia</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutting for the cure or relief of

hernia; celotomy.</def>



<hw>Hern"shaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Heronshaw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>He"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Heroes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>h\'82ros</ets>, L. <ets>heros</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>An illustrious man, supposed

to be exalted, after death, to a place among the gods; a demigod,

as Hercules.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in

danger, or fortitude in suffering; a prominent or central

personage in any remarkable action or event; hence, a great or

illustrious person.</def>



<q>Each man is a <qex>hero</qex> and oracle to somebody.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The principal personage in a poem, story, and

the like, or the person who has the principal share in the

transactions related; as Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the

Odyssey, and \'92neas in the \'92neid.</def>



<q>The shining quality of an epic <qex>hero</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Hero worship</col>, <cd>extravagant admiration for great

men, likened to the ancient worship of heroes.</cd></cs>



<q><qex>Hero worship</qex> exists, has existed, and will forever

exist, universally among mankind.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>He*ro"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Jewish

Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a party among the Jews, composed of

partisans of Herod of Galilee. They joined with the Pharisees

against Christ.</def>



<hw>\'d8He*ro`di*o"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a heron.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A division of wading birds, including the herons, storks,

and allied forms. Called also <altname>Herodii</altname>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>He*ro`di*o"nine</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>He"ro*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

heroine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>He*ro"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>h\'82ro\'8bque</ets>, L. <ets>hero\'8bcus</ets>, Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to, or like, a

hero; of the nature of heroes; distinguished by the existence of

heroes; <as>as, the <ex>heroic</ex> age; an <ex>heroic</ex>

people; <ex>heroic</ex> valor.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave;

illustrious; <as>as, <ex>heroic</ex> action; <ex>heroic</ex>

enterprises.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Sculpture & Painting)</fld> <def>Larger than

life size, but smaller than colossal; -- said of the

representation of a human figure.</def>



<cs><col>Heroic Age</col>, <cd>the age when the heroes, or those

called the children of the gods, are supposed to have lived.</cd>

-- <col>Heroic poetry</col>, <cd>that which celebrates the deeds

of a hero; epic poetry.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Heroic</col>

<col>treatment <or/ remedies</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,

<cd>treatment or remedies of a severe character, suited to a

desperate case.</cd> -- <col>Heroic verse</col>

<fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>the verse of heroic or epic poetry, being

in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten syllables; in

French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic poetry the

hexameter.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold;

gallant; fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous;

illustrious.</syn>



<hw>He*ro"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Heroic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Spectator</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>He*ro"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>He*ro"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<-- p. 689 -->



<hw>He*ro"ic*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Heroism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>W. Montagu.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>He`ro*i*com"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>He`ro*i*com"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82ro\'8bcomigue</ets>. See <er>Heroic</er>,

and <er>Comic</er>.]</ety> <def>Combining the heroic and the

ludicrous; denoting high burlesque; <as>as, a <ex>heroicomic</ex>

poem</as>.</def>



<hw>Her"o*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>h\'82ro\'8bne</ets>, L. <ets>heroina</ets>, Gr. <?/, fem. of

<?/. See <er>Hero</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A woman of an

heroic spirit.</def>



<q>The <qex>heroine</qex> assumed the woman's place.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The principal female person who figures in a

remarkable action, or as the subject of a poem or story.</def>



<hw>Her"o*ism</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>h\'82ro\'8bsme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The qualities

characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude,

unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities.</def>



<q><qex>Heroism</qex> is the self-devotion of genius manifesting

itself in action.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Heroism</er>, <er>Courage</er>,

<er>Fortitude</er>, <er>Bravery</er>, <er>Valor</er>,

<er>Intrepidity</er>, <er>Gallantry</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Courage</xex> is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance

of danger; <xex>fortitude</xex> is <xex>passive</xex> courage,

the habit of <xex>bearing up</xex> nobly under trials, danger,

and sufferings; <xex>bravery</xex> is courage displayed in daring

acts; <xex>valor</xex> is courage in battle or other conflicts

with living opponents; <xex>intrepidity</xex> is <xex>firm</xex>

courage, which shrinks not amid the most appalling dangers;

<xex>gallantry</xex> is <xex>adventurous</xex> courage, dashing

into the thickest of the fight. <xex>Heroism</xex> may call into

exercise all these modifications of courage. It is a contempt of

danger, not from ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a

noble devotion to some great cause, and a just confidence of

being able to meet danger in the spirit of such a cause. Cf.

<er>Courage</er>.</usage>



<hw>Her"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>heiroun</ets>, <ets>heroun</ets>, <ets>heron</ets>,

<ets>hern</ets>, OF. <ets>hairon</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82ron</ets>,

OHG. <ets>heigir</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>hegri</ets>, Dan.

<ets>heire</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84ger</ets>, and also G.

<ets>h\'84her</ets> jay, jackdaw, OHG. <ets>hehara</ets>,

<ets>higere</ets>, woodpecker, magpie, D. <ets>reiger</ets>

heron, G. <ets>reiher</ets>, AS. <ets>hr<amac/gra</ets>. Cf.

<er>Aigret</er>, <er>Egret</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Any wading bird of the genus <spn>Ardea</spn> and allied

genera, of the family <spn>Ardeid\'91</spn>. The herons have a

long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the

middle toe toothed. The common European heron (<spn>Ardea

cinerea</spn>) is remarkable for its directly ascending flight,

and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons.</def>



<note><hand/ There are several common American species; as, the

great blue heron (<spn>Ardea herodias</spn>); the little blue

(<spn>A. c\'d2rulea</spn>); the green (<spn>A. virescens</spn>);

the snowy (<spn>A. candidissima</spn>); the night heron or

qua-bird (<spn>Nycticorax nycticorax</spn>). The plumed herons

are called <stype>egrets</stype>.</note>



<cs><col>Heron's bill</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the

genus <spn>Erodium</spn>; -- so called from the fancied

resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the

heron.</cd></cs>



<hw>Her"on*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hawk used

in hunting the heron.</def> \'bd<xex>Heroner</xex> and

falcon.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Her"on*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place where

herons breed.</def>



<hw>Her"on*sew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

heronshaw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Her"on*shaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>heroncel</ets>, dim. of <ets>h\'82ron</ets>. See

<er>Heron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A heron.</def>

<altsp>[Written variously <asp>hernshaw</asp>,

<asp>harnsey</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<hw>He`ro*\'94l"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <?/ discourse.]</ety> <def>One who treats of heroes.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>He"ro*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

character or personality of a hero.</def> \'bdThree years of

<xex>heroship</xex>.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Her"pes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to creep.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An eruption

of the skin, taking various names, according to its form, or the

part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in small

distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling,

including shingles, ringworm, and the like; -- so called from its

tendency to creep or spread from one part of the skin to

another.</def>



<hw>Her*pet"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>herp\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

resembling, the herpes; partaking of the nature of herpes;

<as>as, <ex>herpetic</ex> eruptions</as>.</def>



<hw>Her"pe*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Herpes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Dartrous

diathesis</cref>, under <er>Dartrous</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Her*pet`o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Her*pet`o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to herpetology.</def>



<hw>Her`pe*tol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.</def>



<hw>Her`pe*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Written also, but less properly,

<ets>erpetology</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a creeping thing,

reptile (fr. <?/ to creep) + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>herp\'82tologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The natural history of

reptiles; that branch of zo\'94logy which relates to reptiles,

including their structure, classification, and habits.</def>



<hw>Her`pe*tot"o*mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who dissects, or studies the anatomy of, reptiles.</def>



<hw>Her`pe*tot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a reptile + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>The anatomy or dissection

of reptiles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Herr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A title of

respect given to gentlemen in Germany, equivalent to the English

<xex>Mister</xex>.</def>



<hw>Her"ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hering</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91ring</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>haring</ets>, G. <ets>h\'84ring</ets>, <ets>hering</ets>,

OHG. <ets>haring</ets>, <ets>hering</ets>, and prob. to AS.

<ets>here</ets> army, and so called because they commonly move in

large numbers. Cf. <er>Harry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of various species of fishes of the genus

<spn>Clupea</spn>, and allied genera, esp. the common round or

English herring (<spn>C. harengus</spn>) of the North Atlantic.

Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of

Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great

quantities.</def>



<cs><col>Herring gull</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large

gull which feeds in part upon herrings; esp., <spn>Larus

argentatus</spn> in America, and <spn>L. cachinnans</spn> in

England. See <er>Gull</er>.</cd> -- <col>Herring hog</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common porpoise.</cd> -- <col>King

of the herrings</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The

chim\'91ra (<spn>C. monstrosa</spn>) which follows the schools of

herring. See <er>Chim\'91ra</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The

opah.</cd></cs>



<hw>He"ring*bone"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a herring; especially,

characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of parallel

lines, which in the alternate rows slope in different

directions.</def>



<cs><col>Herringbone stitch</col>, <cd>a kind of cross-stitch in

needlework, chiefly used in flannel.</cd></cs>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Herrn"hut*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the Moravians; -- so called from the

settlement of <xex>Herrnhut</xex> (the Lord's watch) made, about

1722, by the Moravians at the invitation of Nicholas Lewis, count

of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in the circle of Bautzen.</def>



<hw>Hers</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <def>See the Note

under Her, <xex>pr<?/n</xex>.</def>



<hw>Her"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Rehearsal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Her"schel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>See <er>Uranus</er>.</def>



<hw>Her*sche"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to Sir William Herschel; <as>as, the

<ex>Herschelian</ex> telescope</as>.</def>



<hw>Herse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>herse</ets> harrow, portcullis, OF. <ets>herce</ets>, LL.

<ets>hercia</ets>, L. <ets>hirpex</ets>, gen.

<ets>hirpicis</ets>, and <ets>irpex</ets>, gen.

<ets>irpicis</ets>, harrow. The LL. <ets>hercia</ets> signifies

also a kind of candlestick in the form of a harrow, having

branches filled with lights, and placed at the head of graves or

cenotaphs; whence <ets>herse</ets> came to be used for the grave,

coffin, or chest containing the dead. Cf. <er>Hearse</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A kind of gate or portcullis,

having iron bars, like a harrow, studded with iron spikes. It is

hung above gateways so that it may be quickly lowered, to impede

the advance of an enemy.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>Hearse</er>, a carriage for the

dead.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A funeral ceremonial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Herse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Hearse</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Her*self"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An emphasized form of the third person feminine pronoun; --

used as a subject with <xex>she</xex>; <as>as, she

<ex>herself</ex> will bear the blame; also used alone in the

predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; <as>as, it

is <ex>herself</ex></as>; she blames <ex>herself</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Her own proper, true, or real character; hence,

her right, or sane, mind; <as>as, the woman was deranged, but she

is now <ex>herself</ex> again; she has come to

<ex>herself</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>By herself</col>, <cd>alone; apart;

unaccompanied.</cd></cs>



<hw>Her"sil*lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>herse</ets> a harrow. See <er>Herse</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A beam with

projecting spikes, used to make a breach impassable.</def>



<hw>Hert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hart.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Her"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A heart.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Her"te*ly</hw>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>Hearty;

heartily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Her"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>herian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To worship; to glorify; to

praise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hes"i*tan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>haesitantia</ets> a stammering.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in deciding;

vacillation; also, the manner of one who hesitates.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stammering; a faltering in speech.</def>



<hw>Hes"i*tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>haesitans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>haesitare</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>h\'82sitant</ets>. See <er>Hesitate</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Not prompt in deciding or acting;

hesitating.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unready in speech.</def>



<au>Baxter.</au>



<hw>Hes"i*tant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With hesitancy or

doubt.</def>



<hw>Hes"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hesitated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hesitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>haesitatus</ets>,

p. p. of <ets>haesitare</ets>, intens. fr. <ets>haerere</ets> to

hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast. Cf. <er>Aghast</er>,

<er>Gaze</er>, <er>Adhere</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To stop or pause respecting decision or action;

to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination; <as>as,

he <ex>hesitated</ex> whether to accept the offer or not; men

often <ex>hesitate</ex> in forming a judgment.</as></def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stammer; to falter in speaking.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To doubt; waver; scruple; deliberate; demur; falter;

stammer.</syn>



<hw>Hes"i*tate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter with

hesitation or to intimate by a reluctant manner.</def>

<mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>



<q>Just hint a fault, and <qex>hesitate</qex> dislike.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Hes"i*ta`ting*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With hesitation

or doubt.</def>



<hw>Hes`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>haesitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82sitation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or

action; doubt; vacillation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A faltering in speech; stammering.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hes"i*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Showing,

or characterized by, hesitation.</def>



<q>[He said] in his mild, <qex>hesitative</qex> way.</q>

<qau>R. D. Blackmore.</qau>



<hw>Hes"i*ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hesitating.</def>



<au>R. North.</au>



<hw>Hesp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>hespa</ets> a hasp, a wisp or skein. See

<er>Hasp</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of two hanks of linen

thread.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hasp</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Hes"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hesperian</er>.]</ety> <def>The evening; Hesperus.</def>



<hw>Hes*per"e*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline substance having a

sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and

regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid.</def>



<hw>Hes*pe"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hesperius</ets>, fr. <ets>hesperus</ets> the evening star,

Gr. <?/ evening, <?/ <?/ the evening star. Cf.

<er>Vesper</er>.]</ety> <def>Western; being in the west;

occidental.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hes*pe"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or an

inhabitant of a western country.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>J. Barlow.</au>



<hw>Hes*pe"ri*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to a family of butterflies called

<spn>Hesperid\'91</spn>, or skippers.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Any one of the numerous species of

<spn>Hesperid\'91</spn>; a skipper.</def></def2>



<hw>Hes"per*id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as 3d <er>Hesperian</er>.</def>



<hw>Hes*per"i*dene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hesperidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An isomeric

variety of terpene from orange oil.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hes*per"i*des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The daughters of

Hesperus, or Night (brother of Atlas), and fabled possessors of a

garden producing golden apples, in Africa, at the western

extremity of the known world. To slay the guarding dragon and get

some of these apples was one of the labors of Hercules. Called

also <altname>Atlantides</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The garden producing the golden apples.</def>



<q>It not love a Hercules,

Still climbing trees in the <qex>Hesperides</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hes*per"i*din</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hesperidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside

found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as

a white crystalline substance.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hes`pe*rid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. So called in allusion to the golden apples of the

Hesperides. See <er>Hesperides</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A large berry with a thick rind, as a lemon or an

orange.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hes`pe*ror"nis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ western + <?/, <?/, a bird.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large, extinct, wingless

birds from the Cretaceous deposits of Kansas, belonging to the

Odontornithes. They had teeth, and were essentially carnivorous

swimming ostriches. Several species are known. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. in Append.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hes"pe*rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Hesper</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Venus when she is the

evening star; Hesper.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Evening.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star

Of <qex>Hesperus</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hes"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating

to Hesse, in Germany, or to the Hessians.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Hessian boots</col>, <or/

<col>Hessians</col></mcol>, <cd>boot of a kind worn in England,

in the early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front.

<au>Thackeray</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hessian cloth</col>, <or/

<col>Hessians</col></mcol>, <cd>a coarse hempen cloth for

sacking.</cd> -- <col>Hessian crucible</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Crucible</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hessian fly</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small dipterous fly or midge

(<spn>Cecidomyia destructor</spn>). Its larv\'91 live between the

base of the lower leaves and the stalk of wheat, and are very

destructive to young wheat; -- so called from the erroneous idea

that it was brought into America by the Hessian troops, during

the Revolution.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hes"sian</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or

inhabitant of Hesse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mercenary or venal person.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<note><hand/ This use is a relic of the patriot hatred of the

Hessian mercenaries who served with the British troops in the

Revolutionary War.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>See <altname>Hessian

boots</altname> and <xex>cloth</xex>, under <er>Hessian</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Hess"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[After H.

<ets>Hess</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A lead-gray

sectile mineral. It is a telluride of silver.</def>



<hw>Hest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h</ets><?/<ets>s</ets>, fr. <ets>h<?/tan</ets> to call, bid.

See <er>Hight</er>, and cf. <er>Behest</er>.]</ety> <def>Command;

precept; injunction. <mark>[Archaic]</mark> See

<er>Behest</er>.</def> \'bdAt thy <xex>hest</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Let him that yields obey the victor's <qex>hest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<q>Yet I thy <qex>hest</qex> will all perform, at full.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hes"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hes*ter"nal</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hesternus</ets>; akin to <ets>heri</ets> yesterday.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to yesterday. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Yester</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>



<hw>Hes"y*chast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hermit, fr. <?/ to be still or quiet, fr. <?/ still, calm.]</ety>

<def>One of a mystical sect of the Greek Church in the fourteenth

century; a quietist.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>He*tair"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Het"a*rism</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a companion, a

concubine, fem. of <?/ a comrade.]</ety> <def>A supposed

primitive state of society, in which all the women of a tribe

were held in common.</def> <au>H. Spencer</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Het`a*ris"tic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hetch"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hatchel</er>.</def>



<hw>Hete</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hete</er>, later

<er>Het</er>.]</wordforms> <def><it>Variant of</it>

<er>Hote</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>But one avow to greate God I <qex>hete</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Het"er*a*canth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a spine.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the spines of the dorsal fin

unsymmetrical, or thickened alternately on the right and left

sides.</def>



<hw>Het"er*arch`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

government of an alien.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*raux*e"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the other + <?/ growth.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Unequal growth of a cell, or of a part of

a plant.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>"e`teros</grk>

other.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <xex>other</xex>,

<xex>other than usual</xex>, <xex>different</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>hetero</ex>clite, <ex>hetero</ex>dox,

<ex>hetero</ex>gamous</as>.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*car"pism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr.<?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The power of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies, as

in <xex>Amphicarp\'91a</xex>, in which besides the usual pods,

there are others underground.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by heterocarpism.</def>



<hw>Het`er*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr.<?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Bearing two kinds of heads or capitula; -- said of certain

composite plants.</def>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*roc"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ horn.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Lepidoptera, including

the moths, and hawk moths, which have the antenn\'91 variable in

form.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*cer"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the vertebral column evidently

continued into the upper lobe of the tail, which is usually

longer than the lower one, as in sharks.</def>



<-- p. 690 -->



<hw>Het"er*o*cer`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a tail.]</ety>

<fld>(anat.)</fld> <def>Unequal development of the tail lobes of

fishes; the possession of a heterocercal tail.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*chro"mous</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety>

<fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>Having the central florets of a flower

head of a different color from those of the circumference.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Het`er*och"ro*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Het`er*och"ro*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ of different times; <?/ other + <?/ time.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>In evolution, a deviation from the

typical sequence in the formation of organs or parts.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o*clite</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>heteroclitus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ other + <?/ to lean,

incline, inflect: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82roclite</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular;

anomalous; abnormal.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o*clite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which is irregular or anomalous

either in declension or conjugation, or which deviates from

ordinary forms of inflection in words of a like kind; especially,

a noun which is irregular in declension.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any thing or person deviating from the common

rule, or from common forms.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Het`er*o*clit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Het`er*o*clit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Heteroclite</er>.]</ety> <def>Deviating from

ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.</def>



<hw>Het`er*oc"li*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Heteroclitic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Het"er*o*cyst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cell larger than the others, and of

different appearance, occurring in certain alg\'91 related to

nostoc.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*dac"tyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Heterodactylous.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

Heterodactyl\'91.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*ro*dac"ty*l\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ a finger.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds including the

trogons.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a toe.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the first and second toes

turned backward, as in the trogons.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/ a tooth.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the teeth differentiated into

incisors, canines, and molars, as in man; -- opposed to

<xex>homodont</xex>.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o*dont</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Any animal with heterodont dentition.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o*dox</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ other + <?/ opinion; cf. F.

<ets>h\'82t\'82rodoxe</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Contrary to,

or differing from, some acknowledged standard, as the Bible, the

creed of a church, the decree of a council, and the like; not

orthodox; heretical; -- said of opinions, doctrines, books, etc.,

esp. upon theological subjects.</def>



<q>Raw and indigested, <qex>heterodox</qex>, preaching.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not

orthodox; heretical; -- said of persons.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Het"er*o*dox`ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Het"er*o*dox`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Het"er*o*dox</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An opinion opposed to

some accepted standard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Het"er*o*dox`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not

orthodox.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Het"er*o*dox`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rodoxie</ets>.]</ety> <def>An opinion

or doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to some

established standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or

standards of a church, etc.; heresy.</def>



<au>Bp. Bull.</au>



<hw>Het`er*od"ro*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to run.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having spirals of changing

direction.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Moving in opposite

directions; -- said of a lever, pulley, etc., in which the

resistance and the actuating force are on opposite sides of the

fulcrum or axis.</def>



<hw>Het`er*og"a*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <grk>ga`mos</grk> marriage: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82t\'82rogame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Biol.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The condition of having two or more kinds of

flowers which differ in regard to stamens and pistils, as in the

aster.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Characterized by heterogamy.</def>



<hw>Het`er*og"a*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Heterogamous</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The process of fertilization

in plants by an indirect or circuitous method; -- opposed to

<xex>orthogamy</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That form of alternate

generation in which two kinds of sexual generation, or a sexual

and a parthenogenetic generation, alternate; -- in distinction

from <xex>metagenesis</xex>, where sexual and asexual generations

alternate.</def>



<au>Claus & Sedgwick.</au>



<hw>Het`er*o*gan"gli*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> +  <ets>gangliate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Having the ganglia of the nervous

system unsymmetrically arranged; -- said of certain invertebrate

animals.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o*gene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Heterogenous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Het`er*o*ge"ne*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Heterogeneous.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*ge*ne"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rog\'82n\'82it\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The state of being heterogeneous; contrariety.</def>



<q>The difference, indeed the <qex>heterogeneity</qex>, of the

two may be felt.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ + <?/ race, kind; akin to E. <ets>kin</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82t\'82rog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Differing in kind;

having unlike qualities; possessed of different characteristics;

dissimilar; -- opposed to <xex>homogeneous</xex>, and said of two

or more connected objects, or of a conglomerate mass, considered

in respect to the parts of which it is made up.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Heterogeneous nouns</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>nouns

having different genders in the singular and plural numbers; as,

<xex>hic locus<xex>, of the masculine gender in the singular, and

<xex>hi loci<xex> and <xex>h\'91c loca<xex>, both masculine and

neuter in the plural; <xex>hoc c\'91lum<xex>, neuter in the

singular; <xex>hi c\'91li<xex>, masculine in the plural.</cd> --

<col>Heterogeneous quantities</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>such

quantities as are incapable of being compared together in respect

to magnitude, and surfaces and solids.</cd> -- <col>Heterogeneous

surds</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>surds having different

radical signs.</cd></cs>



<hw>Het`er*o*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Spontaneous generation, so called.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That method of reproduction

in which the successive generations differ from each other, the

parent organism producing offspring different in habit and

structure from itself, the original form, however, reappearing

after one or more generations; -- opposed to

<xex>homogenesis</xex>, or <xex>gamogenesis</xex>.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to heterogenesis; <as>as,

<ex>heterogenetic</ex> transformations</as>.</def>



<hw>Het`er*og"e*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One who believes in the theory of

spontaneous generation, or heterogenesis.</def>



<au>Bastian.</au>



<hw>Het`er*og"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to heterogenesis;

heterogenetic.</def>



<hw>Het`er*og"e*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Heterogenesis.</def>



<hw>Het`er*og"o*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by heterogony.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Het`er*og"o*nous*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Het`er*og"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ offspring.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of having two or more kinds

of flowers, different as to the length of their stamens and

pistils.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Heterography</er>.]</ety> <def>Employing the same letters to

represent different sounds in different words or syllables; --

said of methods of spelling; <as>as, the ordinary English

orthography is <ex>heterographic</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Het`er*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That

method of spelling in which the same letters represent different

sounds in different words, as in the ordinary English

orthography; e. g., <xex>g</xex> in <xex>get</xex> and in

<xex>ginger</xex>.</def>



<hw>Het`er*og"y*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a woman, female.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having females very unlike the males

in form and structure; -- as certain insects, the males of which

are winged, and the females wingless.</def>



<hw>Het`er*ol"o*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ proportion.]</ety>

<def>Characterized by heterology; consisting of different

elements, or of like elements in different proportions;

different; -- opposed to <xex>homologous</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>heterologous</ex> organs</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Heterologous stimulus</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>Stimulus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heterologous

tumor</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a tumor differing in structure

from the normal tissues of the body.</cd></cs>



<hw>Het`er*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The absence of correspondence, or

relation, in type of structure; lack of analogy between parts,

owing to their being composed of different elements, or of like

elements in different proportions; variation in structure from

the normal form; -- opposed to <xex>homology</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The connection or relation of

bodies which have partial identity of composition, but different

characteristics and properties; the relation existing between

derivatives of the same substance, or of the analogous members of

different series; <as>as, ethane, ethyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde,

and acetic acid are in <ex>heterology</ex> with each other,

though each in at the same time a member of a distinct homologous

series</as>. Cf. <er>Homology</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*rom"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ part.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Coleoptera, having

heteromerous tarsi.</def>



<hw>Het`er*om"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Heteromera</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem &

Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Unrelated in chemical composition, though

similar or indentical in certain other respects; <as>as, borax

and augite are hom\'d2morphous, but

<ex>heteromerous</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>With the parts not

corresponding in number.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the

femoral artery developed as the principal artery of the leg; --

said of certain birds, as the cotingas and pipras.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having five tarsal joints in the anterior and

middle legs, but only four in the posterior pair, as the blister

beetles and oil beetles.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*mor"phic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Deviating from the normal, perfect, or

mature form; having different forms at different stages of

existence, or in different individuals of the same species; --

applied especially to insects in which there is a wide difference

of form between the larva and the adult, and to plants having

more than one form of flower.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Het`er*o*mor"phism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Het`er*o*mor"phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being

heteromorphic.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*mor"phous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Heteromorphic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*ro*my*a"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ a muscle.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of bivalve shells,

including the marine mussels, in which the two adductor muscles

are very unequal. See <er>Dreissena</er>, and <xex>Illust</xex>.

under <er>Byssus</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*ro*ne*re"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hetero-</er>, and <er>Nereis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A free-swimming, dimorphic, sexual

form of certain species of Nereis.</def>



<note><hand/ In this state the head and its appendages are

changed in form, the eyes become very large; more or less of the

parapodia are highly modified by the development of finlike

lobes, and branchial lamell\'91, and their set\'91 become longer

and bladelike.</note>



<hw>Het`er*on"o*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <grk>no`mos</grk> law.]</ety>

<def>Subject to the law of another.</def>



<au>Krauth-Fleming.</au>



<hw>Het`er*on"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Subordination or subjection to the law of another; political

subjection of a community or state; -- opposed to

<xex>autonomy</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A term applied by Kant to

those laws which are imposed on us from without, or the violence

done to us by our passions, wants, or desires.</def>



<au>Krauth-Fleming.</au>



<hw>Het"er*o*nym</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which

is heteronymous; a thing having a different name or designation

from some other thing; -- opposed to <xex>homonym</xex>.</def>



<hw>Het`er*on"y*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <grk>"o`nyma</grk>, for

<grk>"o`noma</grk> a name.]</ety> <def>Having different names or

designations; standing in opposite relations.</def>



<au>J. Le Conte.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Het"er*on"y*mous*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Het`er*o*ou`si*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ being, essence.]</ety>

<def>Having different essential qualities; of a different

nature.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*ou"si*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of those Arians who held that

the Son was of a different substance from the Father.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*ou"si*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Heteroousian</er>.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*path"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ suffering, fr. <?/, <?/, to

suffer.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the method of

heteropathy; allopathic.</def>



<hw>Het`er*op"a*thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Heteropathic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That mode of

treating diseases, by which a morbid condition is removed by

inducing an opposite morbid condition to supplant it;

allopathy.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*pel"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the sole of the foot.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having each of the two flexor tendons of

the toes bifid, the branches of one going to the first and second

toes; those of the other, to the third and fourth toes. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. in Append.</def>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*roph"a*gi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ to eat.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Altrices.</def>



<hw>Het`er*oph"e*mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

liable to the fault of heterophemy.</def>



<hw>Het`er*oph"e*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ voice, speech, fr. <?/ to

speak.]</ety> <def>The unconscious saying, in speech or in

writing, of that which one does not intend to say; -- frequently

the very reverse of the thought which is present to

consciousness.</def><-- Freudian slip -->



<au>R. G. White.</au>



<hw>Het`er*oph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ voice.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abnormal state of the voice.</def>



<au>Mayne.</au>



<hw>Het`er*oph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ other + <?/ leaf: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82t\'82rophylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having leaves of more than one shape on the same

plant.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o*plasm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ anything formed or

molded.]</ety> <def>An abnormal formation foreign to the economy,

and composed of elements different from those are found in it in

its normal condition.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Het`er*o*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Producing a different type of organism;

developing into a different form of tissue, as cartilage which

develops into bone.</def>



<au>Haeckel.</au>



<hw>Het`er*o*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>h\'82t\'82ropode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the Heteropoda.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos>

<def>Heteropodous.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*rop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of pelagic Gastropoda, having

the foot developed into a median fin. Some of the species are

naked; others, as <spn>Carinaria</spn> and <spn>Atlanta</spn>,

have thin glassy shells.</def>



<hw>Het`er*op"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Heteropoda.</def>



<hw>Het`er*op"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of

the Heteroptera.</def>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*rop"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ other + <?/ a wing.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Hemiptera, in which the

base of the anterior wings is thickened. See

<er>Hemiptera</er>.</def>



<hw>Het`er*op"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>optics</ets>.]</ety> <def>False

optics.</def>



<au>Spectator.</au>



<hw>Het`er*os"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ other + <?/ shadow: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82t\'82roscien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who lives either

north or south of the tropics, as contrasted with one who lives

on the other side of them; -- so called because at noon the

shadows always fall in opposite directions (the one northward,

the other southward).</def>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*ro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ alteration, fr. <?/ other, different.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech by which one form of a

noun, verb, or pronoun, and the like, is used for another, as in

the sentence: \'bdWhat is life to such as

<xex>me</xex>?\'b8</def>



<au>Aytoun.</au>



<hw>\'d8Het`e*ro*so"ma*ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/, <?/, body.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes, comprising the

flounders, halibut, sole, etc., having the body and head

asymmetrical, with both eyes on one side. Called also

<altname>Heterosomata</altname>,

<altname>Heterosomi</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Het`er*o*spor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Het`er*o*spor"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing two kinds of spores unlike each

other.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o*styled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having styles of two or more distinct

forms or lengths.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Het`er*o*sty"lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of being heterostyled.</def>



<hw>Het`er*o*tac"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or characterized by,

heterotaxy.</def>



<hw>Het"er*o*tax`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ an arrangement, fr. <?/ to

arrange.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Variation in arrangement

from that existing in a normal form; heterogenous arrangement or

structure, <as>as, in botany, the deviation in position of the

organs of a plant, from the ordinary or typical

arrangement</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Het`er*ot"o*pism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Het`er*ot"o*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ place: cf. F.

<ets>h\'82t\'82rotopie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A deviation from the natural position; --

a term applied in the case of organs or growths which are

abnormal in situation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A deviation from the natural

position of parts, supposed to be effected in thousands of years,

by the gradual displacement of germ cells.</def>



<-- p. 691 -->



<hw>\'d8Het`e*rot"ri*cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/, gen. <?/, a hair.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ciliated Infusoria,

having fine cilia all over the body, and a circle of larger ones

around the anterior end.</def>



<mhw><hw>Het`er*ot"ro*pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Het`er*ot"ro*pous</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>"etero`tropos</grk> turning another way; <?/ other

+ <?/ to turn: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rotrope</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the embryo or ovule oblique or

transverse to the funiculus; amphitropous.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>He"thing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Contempt;

scorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Het"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hetmans</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Pol.

<ets>hetman</ets>. Cf. <er>Ataman</er>.]</ety> <def>A Cossack

headman or general. The title of <xex>chief hetman</xex> is now

held by the heir to the throne of Russia.</def>



<hw>Heugh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Hogh</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A crag; a cliff; a glen

with overhanging sides.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shaft in a coal pit; a hollow in a

quarry.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Heuk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Variant of

<er>Huke</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Heu"land*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[After

<ets>Heuland</ets>, an English mineralogist.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of the Zeolite family, often

occurring in amygdaloid, in foliated masses, and also in

monoclinic crystals with pearly luster on the cleavage face. It

is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.</def>



<hw>Heu*ris"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to

discover.]</ety> <def>Serving to discover or find out.</def>



<hw>Hev"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The head.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Hewed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Hewed</er> or <er>Hewn</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>he\'a0wan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>houwen</ets>, OHG.

<ets>houwan</ets>, G. <ets>hauen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>h\'94ggva</ets>, Sw. <ets>hugga</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hugge</ets>, Lith. <ets>kova</ets> battle, Russ.

<ets>kovate</ets> to hammer, forge. Cf. <er>Hay</er> cut grass,

<er>Hoe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut with an ax; to fell

with a sharp instrument; -- often with <xex>down</xex>, or

<xex>off</xex>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to

cut; hence, to form laboriously; -- often with <xex>out</xex>;

<as>as, to <ex>hew</ex> out a sepulcher</as>.</def>



<q>Look unto the rock whence ye are <qex>hewn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Is. li. 1.</qau>



<q>Rather polishing old works than <qex>hewing</qex> out new.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack.</def>



<q><qex>Hew</qex> them to pieces; hack their bones asunder.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hew</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Destruction by cutting

down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Of whom he makes such havoc and such <qex>hew</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Hew</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Hue; color.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shape; form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hewe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hind</er>

a peasant.]</ety> <def>A domestic servant; a retainer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdFalse homely <xex>hewe</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hews.</def>



<hw>Hew"hole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Hickwall</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European

green woodpecker. See <er>Yaffle</er>.</def>



<hw>Hewn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Felled, cut, or shaped as with an ax; roughly squared;

<as>as, a house built of <ex>hewn</ex> logs</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Roughly dressed as with a hammer; <as>as,

<ex>hewn</ex> stone</as>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Hex-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hex"a</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr><mhw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ six. See <er>Six</er>.]</ety>

<def>A prefix or combining form, used to denote <xex>six</xex>,

<xex>sixth</xex>, etc.; <as>as, <ex>hex</ex>atomic,

<ex>hexa</ex>basic</as>.</def>



<hw>Hex`a*ba"sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having six hydrogen atoms or six radicals

capable of being replaced or saturated by bases; -- said of

acids; <as>as, mellitic acid is <ex>hexabasic</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hex`a*cap"su*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + <ets>capsular</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six capsules or seed vessels.</def>



<hw>Hex"a*chord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ string, chord: cf. F.

<ets>hexacorde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A series of

six notes, with a semitone between the third and fourth, the

other intervals being whole tones.</def>



<hw>Hex`ac"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having six atoms or radicals capable of

being replaced by acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; -- said of bases;

<as>as, mannite is a <ex>hexacid</ex> base</as>.</def>



<hw>Hex*ac`ti*nel"lid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having six-rayed spicules; belonging

to the <spn>Hexactinellin\'91</spn>.</def>



<hw>Hex*ac`ti*nel"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From NL. <ets>Hexactinellin\'91</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ six + a

dim. of <?/, <?/, a ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Belonging to the <spn>Hexactinellin\'91</spn>, a group of

sponges, having six-rayed siliceous spicules.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hex`ac*tin"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hex-</er>, and <er>Actinia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Anthozoa.</def>



<hw>Hex"ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hexas</ets>, <ets>hexadis</ets>, the number six, Gr. <?/,

<?/, fr. <?/ six.]</ety> <fld>(chem.)</fld> <def>An atom whose

valence is six, and which can be theoretically combined with,

substituted for, or replaced by, <xex>six</xex> monad atoms or

radicals; <as>as, sulphur is a <ex>hexad</ex> in sulphuric

acid</as>. Also used as an adjective.</def>



<hw>Hex`a*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ six + <?/ finger: cf. F. <ets>hexadactyle</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having six fingers or toes.</def>



<hw>Hex"ade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hexad</er>.]</ety> <def>A series of six numbers.</def>



<hw>Hex"a*dec`ane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hecdecane</er>.</def>



<hw>Hex"a*gon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hexagonum</ets>, Gr. <?/ six-cornered; <?/ six (akin to E.

<ets>six</ets>) + <?/ angle.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A

plane figure of six angles.</def>



<cs><col>Regular hexagon</col>, <cd>a hexagon in which the angles

are all equal, and the sides are also all equal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hex*ag"o*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hexagonal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having six sides and six

angles; six-sided.</def>



<cs><col>Hexagonal system</col>. <fld>(Crystal.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Crystallization</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hex*ag"o*nal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an hexagonal

manner.</def>



<hw>Hex*ag"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

hexagon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bramhall.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hex`a*gyn"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ six + <?/ a woman, female: cf. F.

<ets>hexagynie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an

order of plants having six pistils.</def>



<mhw><hw>Hex`a*gyn"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hex*ag"y*nous</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hexagyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six

pistils.</def>



<hw>Hex`a*he"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>In the

form of a hexahedron; having six sides or faces.</def>



<hw>Hex`a*he"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Hexahedrons</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Hexahedra</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seat, base,

fr. <?/ to sit: cf. F. <ets>hexa\'8adre</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid body of six sides or faces.</def>



<cs><col>Regular hexahedron</col>, <cd>a hexagon having six equal

squares for its sides; a cube.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hex`a*hem"er*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ six + <?/ day; cf. L. <ets>hexa\'89meron</ets>, Gr.

<?/.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A term of six days.</def>



<au>Good.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The history of the six day's work of creation,

as contained in the first chapter of Genesis.</def>



<hw>Hex*am"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr.<?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>In six parts; in sixes.</def>



<hw>Hex*am"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/ of six meters; (sc. <?/) hexameter verse; <?/ six + <?/

measure: cf. F. <ets>hexam\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Six</er>, and

<er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</fld> <def>A verse

of six feet, the first four of which may be either dactyls or

spondees, the fifth must regularly be a dactyl, and the sixth

always a spondee. In this species of verse are composed the Iliad

of Homer and the \'92neid of Virgil. In English hexameters accent

takes the place of quantity.</def>



<q>Leaped like the | roe when he | hears in the | woodland the |

voice of the | huntsman.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<q>Strongly it | bears us a- | long on | swelling and | limitless

| billows,

Nothing be- | fore and | nothing be- | hind but the | sky and the

| ocean.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Hex*am"e*ter</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having six metrical

feet, especially dactyls and spondees.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hex`a*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hex`a*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consisting of six metrical feet.</def>



<hw>Hex*am"e*trist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

writes in hexameters.</def> \'bdThe Christian

<xex>hexametrists</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milman.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hex*an"dri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ six + <?/, <?/, a man, male: cf. F.

<ets>hexandrie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an

class of plants having six stamens.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hex*an"dri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hex-an"drous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hexandre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six

stamens.</def>



<hw>Hex"ane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

six.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld><def>Any one of five hydrocarbons,

<chform>C6H14</chform>, of the paraffin series. They are

colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the

molecule has <xex>six</xex> carbon atoms.</def>



<hw>Hex*an"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>. Cf.

<er>Sexangular</er>.]</ety> <def>Having six angles or

corners.</def>



<hw>Hex`a*pet"al*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hexap\'82tale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

six petals.</def>



<hw>Hex*aph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a leaf: cf. F.

<ets>hexaphylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six

leaves or leaflets.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hex"a*pla</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>Etym.

<pos>pl.</pos>, but syntactically <pos>sing.</pos></ety>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, contr. <?/, sixfold.]</ety>

<def>A collection of the Holy Scriptures in six languages or six

versions in parallel columns; particularly, the edition of the

Old Testament published by Origen, in the 3d century.</def>



<hw>Hex"a*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, sixfooted; <?/ six + <?/, <?/, foot: cf. F.

<ets>hexapode</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having six feet.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having

six feet; one of the Hexapoda</def>.</def2>



<hw>\'d8Hex*ap"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ six + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The true, or six-legged, insects;

insects other than myriapods and arachnids.</def>



<note><hand/ The Hexapoda have the head, thorax, and abdomen

differentiated, and are mostly winged. They have three pairs of

mouth organs, viz., mandibles, maxill\'91, and the second

maxill\'91 or labial palpi; three pairs of thoracic legs; and

abdominal legs, which are present only in some of the lowest

forms, and in the larval state of some of the higher ones. Many

(the Metabola) undergo a complete metamorphosis, having larv\'91

(known as maggots, grubs, caterpillars) very unlike the adult,

and pass through a quiescent pupa state in which no food is

taken; others (the Hemimetabola) have larv\'91 much like the

adult, expert in lacking wings, and an active pupa, in which

rudimentary wings appear. See <er>Insecta</er>.

   The Hexapoda are divided into several orders.</note>



<hw>Hex*ap"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having six feet; belonging to the

Hexapoda.</def>



<hw>Hex*ap"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having six processes.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hex"a*stich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Hex*as"ti*chon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>hexastichus</ets> of six rows, lines, or verses,

Gr. <?/; <grk>"e`x</grk> six + <grk>sti`chos</grk> row, line,

verse.]</ety> <def>A poem consisting of six verses or

lines.</def>



<hw>Hex"a*style</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

with six columns; <?/ six + <?/ column: cf. F.

<ets>hexastyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having six

columns in front; -- said of a portico or temple. --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A hexastyle portico or

temple.</def></def2>



<hw>Hex"a*teuch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + <?/ a tool, a book.]</ety> <def>The

first six books of the Old Testament.</def>



<hw>Hex`a*tom"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>atomic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having six atoms in the

molecule.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having six

replaceable radicals.</def>



<hw>Hex*av"a*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>,

<pos>p. pr.</pos> See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.</def>



<hw>Hex"de*cyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>decyl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The essential radical,

<chform>C16H33</chform>, of hecdecane.</def>



<hw>Hex`de*cyl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hexdecyl

or hecdecane; <as>as, <ex>hexdecylic</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>



<hw>Hex*ei"ko*sane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>eikosane</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon, <chform>C26H54</chform>,

resembling paraffine; -- so called because each molecule has

<xex>twenty-six</xex> atoms of carbon.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hexacosane</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hex"ene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

six.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Hexylene</er>.</def>



<hw>Hex`i*col"ogy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

state or habit + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which

treats of the complex relations of living creatures to other

organisms, and to their surrounding conditions generally.</def>

<-- = ecology -->



<au>St. George Mivart.</au>



<hw>Hex"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"e`x</grk> six.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H10</chform>, of the acetylene series,

obtained artificially as a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid;

-- called also <altname>hexoylene</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hex*oc`ta*he"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>octahedron</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid having forty-eight equal

triangular faces.</def>



<hw>Hex*o"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hexane; <as>as,

<ex>hexoic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Hex"one</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon,

<chform>C6H8</chform>, of the valylene series, obtained from

distillation products of certain fats and gums.</def>



<hw>Hex"yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets>

+ <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(chem.)</fld> <def>A compound

radical, <chform>C6H13</chform>, regarded as the essential

residue of <xex>hexane</xex>, and a related series of

compounds.</def>



<hw>Hex"yl*ene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets> +

ethl<ets>ene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless,

liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H12</chform>, of the ethylene

series, produced artificially, and found as a natural product of

distillation of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of

hexylene proper. Called also <altname>hexene</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hex*yl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hexyl or hexane; <as>as,

<ex>hexylic</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>



<hw>Hey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>High</er>.]</ety> <def>High.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hei</ets>; cf. D. & G. <ets>hei</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An exclamation of joy, surprise, or encouragement.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cry to set dogs on.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hey"day`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>heida</ets>, or <ets>hei da</ets>, D. <ets>hei daar</ets>.

Cf. <er>Hey</er>, and <er>There</er>.]</ety> <def>An expression

of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Hey"day`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. for.

<ets>high day</ets>. See <ets>High</ets>, and

<er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>The time of triumph and exultation;

hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness; wildness.</def>



<q>The <qex>heyday</qex> in the blood is tame.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>In the <qex>heyday</qex> of their victories.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<hw>Hey"de*guy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr.

<ets>heyday + guise</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of country-dance or

round.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<mhw><hw>Heyh</hw>, <hw>Heygh</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>High.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Heyne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>he\'a0n</ets> low, mean.]</ety> <def>A wretch; a

rascal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hey"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>h<?/<?/an</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hi*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hiatus</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of gaping.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Hi*a"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Hiatus</plw>, E. <plw>Hiatuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[L., fr. <ets>hiare</ets>, <ets>hiatum</ets>, to gape; akin

to E. <ets>yawn</ets>. See <er>Yawn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a

manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced; a space where

something is wanting; a break.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The concurrence of two vowels

in two successive words or syllables.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Hi*ber"na*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hibernaculum</ets> a winter residence, pl.

<ets>hibernacula</ets> winter quarters: cf. F.

<ets>hibernacle</ets>. See <er>Hibernate</er>.]</ety> <def>That

which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter

quarters; <as>as, the <ex>hibernacle</ex> of an animal or a

plant</as>.</def>



<au>Martyn.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hi`ber*nac"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Hibernacle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A winter bud, in which the rudimentary

foliage or flower, as of most trees and shrubs in the temperate

zone, is protected by closely overlapping scales.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A little case in which

certain insects pass the winter.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Winter home or abiding place.</def>



<au>J. Burroughs.</au>



<hw>Hi*ber"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hibernalis</ets>, from the root of <ets>hiems</ets> winter;

akin to Gr. <?/ snow, Skr. <ets>hima</ets> cold, winter, snow:

cf. F. <ets>hibernal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging or relating to

winter; wintry; winterish.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Hi"ber*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hibernated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hibernating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>hibernare</ets>,

<ets>hibernatum</ets>, fr. <ets>hibernu<?/</ets> wintry. See

<er>Hibernal</er>.]</ety> <def>To winter; to pass the season of

winter in close quarters, in a torpid or lethargic state, as

certain mammals, reptiles, and insects.</def>



<q>Inclination would lead me to <qex>hibernate</qex>, during half

the year, in this uncomfortable climate of Great Britain.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>Hi`ber*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hibernation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or state of

hibernating.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Hi*ber"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hibernia</ets>, Ireland.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A

native or an inhabitant of Ireland.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hi*ber"ni*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hi*ber"ni*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish.</def>



<au>Todd.</au>



<hw>Hi*ber"no-Celt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

native language of the Irish; that branch of the Celtic languages

spoken by the natives of Ireland. Also <xex>adj</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hi*bis"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., marsh

mallow; cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of which have

large, showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India for

their fiber, which is used as a substitute for hemp. See

<er>Althea</er>, <er>Hollyhock</er>, and <er>Manoe</er>.</def>



<hw>Hic"ci*us doc"ti*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Corrupted fr. L.

<ets>hic est doctus</ets> this is a learned man.]</ety> <def>A

juggler.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark><-- ==> hocus pocus -->



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<-- p. 692 -->



<hw>Hic"cough</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hickup</ets>, <ets>hicket</ets>, <ets>hickock</ets>; prob.

of imitative origin; cf. D. & Dan. <ets>hik</ets>, Sw.

<ets>hicka</ets>, Armor. <ets>hak</ets>, <ets>hik</ets>, W.

<ets>ig</ets>, F. <ets>hoquet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<def>A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration,

consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied

with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is

prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and

striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or

hiccough.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hickup</asp> or

hiccup.]</altsp>



<hw>Hic"cough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hiccoughed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hiccoughing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To have a hiccough or

hiccoughs.</def>



<hw>Hick"o*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[North

American Indian <ets>pawcohiccora</ets> (Capt. J. Smith) a kind

of milk or oily liquor pressed from pounded hickory nuts.

\'bd<ets>Pohickory</ets>\'b8 is named in a list of Virginia

trees, in 1653, and this was finally shortened to

\'bdhickory.\'b8 <au>J. H. Trumbull</au>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American tree of the genus

<spn>Carya</spn>, of which there are several species. The

shagbark is the <spn>C. alba</spn>, and has a very rough bark; it

affords the hickory nut of the markets.  The pignut, or brown

hickory, is the <spn>C. glabra</spn>. The swamp hickory is

<spn>C. amara</spn>, having a nut whose shell is very thin and

the kernel bitter.</def>



<cs><col>Hickory shad</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>The mattowacca, or fall herring.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The

gizzard shad.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hicks"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member or

follower of the \'bdliberal\'b8 party, headed by Elias

<xex>Hicks</xex>, which, because of a change of views respecting

the divinity of Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the

conservative portion of the Society of Friends in the United

States, in 1827.</def>



<hw>Hick"up</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hiccough</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hick"wall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hick"way`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., also

<ets>hyghwhele</ets>, <ets>highawe</ets>.]</ety> <def>The lesser

spotted woodpecker (<spn>Dendrocopus minor</spn>) of

Europe.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Hid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Hide</er>. See <er>Hidden</er>.</def>



<hw>Hid"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>hide</ets> a quantity of land.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng.

Law.)</fld> <def>A tax formerly paid to the kings of England for

every hide of land.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hydage</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hi*dal"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., contr.

fr. <ets>hijo de algo</ets>, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., son of

something; <ets>hijo</ets> son (fr. LL. <ets>filius</ets>) +

<ets>algo</ets> something, fr. L. <ets>aliquod</ets>. Cf.

<er>Fidalgo</er>.]</ety> <def>A title, denoting a Spanish

nobleman of the lower class.</def>



<hw>Hid"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <def>from

<er>Hide</er>. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known;

mysterious.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Hidden fifths</col> <or/ <col>octaves</col></mcol>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>consecutive fifths or octaves, not

sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion of two

parts towards a fifth or an octave.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Hidden</er>, <er>Secret</er>,

<er>Covert</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Hidden</xex> may denote

either known to on one; as, a <xex>hidden</xex> disease; or

intentionally concealed; as, a <xex>hidden</xex> purpose of

revenge. <xex>Secret</xex> denotes that the thing is known only

to the party or parties concerned; as, a <xex>secret</xex>

conspiracy. <xex>Covert</xex> literally denotes what is not

<xex>open</xex> or avowed; as, a <xex>covert</xex> plan; but is

often applied to what we mean shall be understood, without openly

expressing it; as, a <xex>covert</xex> allusion.

<xex>Secret</xex> is opposed to <xex>known</xex>, and

<xex>hidden</xex> to <xex>revealed</xex>.</usage>



<q>Bring to light the <qex>hidden</qex> things of darkness.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. iv. 5.</qau>



<q>My heart, which by a <qex>secret</qex> harmony

Still moves with thine, joined in connection sweet.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>By what best way,

Whether of open war, or <qex>covert</qex> guile,

We now debate.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hid"den*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[After W.

E. <ets>Hidden</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An

emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina;

lithia emerald, -- used as a gem.</def>



<hw>Hid"den*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

hidden manner.</def>



<hw>Hide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Hid</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Hidden</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Hid</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Hiding</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>hiden</ets>, <ets>huden</ets>, AS.

<ets>h<?/dan</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/, and prob. to E.

<ets>house</ets>, <ets>hut</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>hide</ets>

of an animal, and to <ets>hoard</ets>. Cf. <er>Hoard</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To conceal, or withdraw from sight; to put out

of view; to secrete.</def>



<q>A city that is set on an hill can not be <qex>hid</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. v. 15.</qau>



<q>If circumstances lead me, I will find

Where truth is <qex>hid</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To withhold from knowledge; to keep secret; to

refrain from avowing or confessing.</def>



<q>Heaven from all creatures <qex>hides</qex> the book of

fate.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To remove from danger; to shelter.</def>



<q>In the time of trouble he shall <qex>hide</qex> me in his

pavilion.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxvi. 5.</qau>



<cs><col>To hide one's self</col>, <cd>to put one's self in a

condition to be safe; to secure protection. \'bdA prudent man

foreseeth the evil, and <xex>hideth himself<xex>.\'b8 <au>Prov.

xxii. 3</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hide the face</col>, <cd>to

withdraw favor. \'bdThou didst <xex>hide thy face<xex>, and I was

troubled.\'b8 <au>Ps. xxx. 7</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hide the face

from</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To overlook; to pardon.

\'bd<xex>Hide thy face from<xex> my sins.\'b8 <au>Ps. li. 9</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To withdraw favor from; to be displeased

with.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To conceal; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen;

cloak; mask; veil. See <er>Conceal</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hide</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lie concealed; to keep

one's self out of view; to be withdrawn from sight or

observation.</def>



<q>Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you <qex>hide</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Hide and seek</col>, <cd>a play of children, in which

some hide themselves, and others seek them.</cd></cs>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hide</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'c6d</ets>, earlier

<ets>h\'c6ged</ets>; prob. orig., land enough to support a

family; cf. AS. <ets>h\'c6wan</ets>, <ets>h\'c6gan</ets>, members

of a household, and E. <ets>hind a peasant</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O.

Eng. Law.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An abode or dwelling.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A measure of land, common in Domesday Book and

old English charters, the quantity of which is not well

ascertained, but has been differently estimated at 80, 100, and

120 acres.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hyde</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hide</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.<ets>hide</ets>,

<ets>hude</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/d</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>huid</ets>, OHG, <ets>h<?/t</ets>, G. <ets>haut</ets>, Icel.

<ets>h<?/<?/</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>hud</ets>, L.

<ets>cutis</ets>, Gr. <?/; and cf. Gr. <?/ skin, hide, L.

<ets>scutum</ets> shield, and E. <ets>sky</ets>.

<ets><?/<?/<?/</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The skin of an

animal, either raw or dressed; -- generally applied to the

undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The human skin; -- so called in contempt.</def>



<q>O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's <qex>hide</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hided</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Hiding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To flog; to

whip.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Low, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Hide"bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs and back as

not to be easily loosened or raised; -- said of an animal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>Having the bark so close and

constricting that it impedes the growth; -- said of trees.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or

stupidly conservative.</def>



<au>Milton. Carlyle.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Niggardly; penurious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Quarles.</au>



<hw>Hid"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hidous</ets>, OF. <ets>hidous</ets>, <ets>hidos</ets>,

<ets>hidus</ets>, <ets>hisdos</ets>, <ets>hisdous</ets>, F.

<ets>hideux</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>hide</ets>, <ets>hisde</ets>,

fright; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. <ets>egid\'c6</ets> horror,

or L. <ets>hispidosus</ets>, for <ets>hispidus</ets> rough,

bristly, E. <ets>hispid</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Frightful,

shocking, or offensive to the eyes; dreadful to behold; <as>as, a

<ex>hideous</ex> monster; <ex>hideous</ex> looks</as>.</def>

\'bdA piteous and <xex>hideous</xex> spectacle.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Distressing or offensive to the ear; exciting

terror or dismay; <as>as, a <ex>hideous</ex> noise</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Hideous</xex> cries.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hateful; shocking.</def> \'bdSure, you have some

<xex>hideous</xex> matter to deliver.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Frightful; ghastly; grim; grisly; horrid; dreadful;

terrible.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hid"e*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hid"e*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who hides or

conceals.</def>



<hw>Hid"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of hiding or

concealing, or of withholding from view or knowledge;

concealment.</def>



<q>There was the <qex>hiding</qex> of his power.</q>

<qau>Hab. iii. 4.</qau>



<hw>Hid"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flogging.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Charles Reade.</au>



<hw>Hie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Hied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hien</ets>,

<ets>hihen</ets>, <ets>highen</ets>, AS. <ets>higian</ets> to

hasten, strive; cf. L. <ets>ciere</ets> to put in motion, call

upon, rouse, Gr. <?/ to go, E. <ets>cite</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

hasten; to go in haste; -- also often with the reciprocal

pronoun.</def> <mark>[Rare, except in poetry]</mark> \'bdMy

husband <xex>hies</xex> him home.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The youth, returning to his mistress, <qex>hies</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Hie</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Haste; diligence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hi"ems</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>Winter.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hi"e*ra*pi"cra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sacred + <?/ bitter.]</ety>

<fld>(med.)</fld> <def>A warming cathartic medicine, made of

aloes and canella bark.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Hi"er*arch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>hierarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred (akin to Skr.

<ets>ishiras</ets> vigorous, fresh, blooming) + <?/ leader,

ruler, fr. <?/ to lead, rule: cf. F.

<ets>hi\'82rarque</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who has high and

controlling authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred

order; <as>as, princely <ex>hierarchs</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hi"er*arch`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hi`er*arch"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a hierarch.</def> \'bdThe great

<xex>hierarchal</xex> standard.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hi`er*arch"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>hi\'82rarchique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a

hierarchy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hi`er*arch`ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<-- MW10 = "of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy" -->



<-- 2. Pertaining to a transitive relation between objects by

which they may be ordered into a hierarchy. -->



<hw>Hi"er*arch`ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principles or authority of a hierarchy.</def>



<q>The more dominant <qex>hierarchism</qex> of the West.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>Hi"er*arch`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hierarchies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>hi\'82rarchie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dominion or

authority in sacred things.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A body of officials disposed organically in

ranks and orders each subordinate to the one above it; a body of

ecclesiastical rulers.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A form of government administered in the church

by patriarchs, metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, and, in an

inferior degree, by priests.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A rank or order of holy beings.</def>



<q>Standards and gonfalons . . . for distinction serve

Of <qex>hierarchies</qex>, of orders, and degrees.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<-- 5. Any group of objects ranked so that every one but the

topmost is subordinate to a specified one above it.  The ordering

relation between each object and the one above is called a

"hierarchical relation" -->



<hw>Hi`er*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hieraticus</ets>, Gr. <?/; akin to <?/ sacred: cf. F.

<ets>hi\'82ratique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consecrated to sacred uses;

sacerdotal; pertaining to priests.</def>



<cs><col>Hieratic character</col>, <cd>a mode of ancient Egyptian

writing; a modified form of hieroglyphics, tending toward a

cursive hand and formerly supposed to be the sacerdotal

character, as the <xex>demotic<xex> was supposed to be that of

the people.</cd></cs>



<q>It was a false notion of the Greeks that of the three kinds of

writing used by the Egyptians, two -- for that reason called

hieroglyphic and <qex>hieratic</qex> -- were employed only for

sacred, while the third, the demotic, was employed for secular,

purposes. No such distinction is discoverable on the more ancient

Egyptian monuments; bur we retain the old names founded on

misapprehension.</q>

<qau>W. H. Ward (Johnson's Cyc.).</qau>



<hw>Hi`er*oc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sacred + <?/ to be strong, rule.]</ety> <def>Government by

ecclesiastics; a hierarchy.</def>



<au>Jefferson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hi"er*o*glyph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hi`er*o*glyph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hi\'82roglyphe</ets>. See

<er>Hieroglyphic</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sacred character; a character in picture

writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc.

Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient

Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four

classes of characters: first, the <xex>hieroglyphic</xex> proper,

or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys

the idea of the object itself; second, the

<xex>ideographic</xex>, consisting of symbols representing ideas,

not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third,

the <xex>phonetic</xex>, consisting of symbols employed as

syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a

certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel <it>a.</it></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any character or figure which has, or is

supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any

unintelligible or illegible character or mark.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hi`er*o*glyph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hi`er*o*glyph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>hieroglyphicus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ to

carve: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82roglyphique</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by

characters, pictures, or figures; <as>as, <ex>hieroglyphic</ex>

writing; a <ex>hieroglyphic</ex> obelisk.</as></def>



<q>Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his,

hieroglyphical of wisest secrets.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling hieroglyphics; not

decipherable.</def> \'bdAn <xex>hieroglyphical</xex> scrawl.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Hi`er*o*glyph`ic*ally</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In hieroglyphics.</def>



<hw>Hi`er*og"ly*phist</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One versed in hieroglyphics.</def>



<au>Gliddon.</au>



<hw>Hi"er*o*gram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sacred + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of sacred or

hieratic writing.</def>



<hw>Hi`er*o*gram"mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rogrammatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Written

in, or pertaining to, hierograms; expressive of sacred

writing.</def>



<au>Bp. Warburton.</au>



<hw>Hi`er*o*gram"ma*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rogrammatiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer

of hierograms; also, one skilled in hieroglyphics.</def>



<au>Greenhill.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hi`er*o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hi`er*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>hierographicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>hi\'82rographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

sacred writing.</def>



<hw>Hi`er*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ to write: cf. F.

<ets>hi\'82rographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sacred writing.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Hi`er*ol"a*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sacred + <?/ worship, <?/ to worship.]</ety> <def>The worship of

saints or sacred things.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hi`er*o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hi`er*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining

to hierology.</def>



<hw>Hi`er*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in, or whostudies, hierology.</def>



<hw>Hi`er*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ sacred + <?/ discourse: cf. F.

<ets>hi\'82rologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on sacred

things; especially, the science which treats of the ancient

writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or a treatise on that

science.</def>



<hw>Hi"er*o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sacreo + <?/ divination: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82romantie</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Divination by observing the objects offered in

sacrifice.</def>



<hw>Hi"er*mar`tyr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sacred + E. <ets>martyr</ets>.]</ety> <def>A priest who becomes a

martyr.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hi`e*rom*ne"mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ mindful, fr. <?/ to

think on, remember.]</ety> <fld>(gr. Antiq.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each state

belonging to the Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or

minister.</def>



<au>Liddel & Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A magistrate who had charge of religious

matters, as at Byzantium.</def>



<au>Liddel & Scott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hi"er*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>A consecrateo place; esp., a temple.</def>



<hw>Hi`er*on"y*mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

St. <ets>Hieronymus</ets>, or Jerome.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Jeronymite</er>.</def>



<hw>Hi*er"o*phant</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hierophanta</ets>, <ets>hierophantes</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/;

<?/ sacred + <?/ to show, make known: cf. F.

<ets>hi\'82rophante</ets>.]</ety> <def>The presiding priest who

initiated candidates at the Eleusinian mysteries; hence, one who

teaches the mysteries and duties of religion.</def>



<au>Abp Potter.</au>



<hw>Hi`er*o*phan"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to hierophants or their

teachings.</def>



<hw>Hi`er*os"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

divination; <?/ sacred + <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>Divination by

inspection of entrails of victims offered in sacrifice.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hi`er*o*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>-c\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/

sacred + <?/ chest.]</ety> <def>A receptacle for sacred

objects.</def>



<hw>Hi"er*our`gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ sacred + <?/ work.]</ety> <def>A sacred or holy work or

worship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Waterland.</au>



<hw>Hi`fa*lu"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Highfaluting</er>.</def>



<hw>Hig"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Higgled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Higgling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Haggle</er>, or

<er>Huckster</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hawk or peddle

provisions.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To chaffer; to stickle for small advantages in

buying and selling; to haggle.</def>



<q>A person accustomed to <qex>higgle</qex> about taps.</q>

<qau>Jeffry.</qau>



<q>To truck and <qex>higgle</qex> for a private good.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Hig`gle*dy-pig"gle*dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In confusion; topsy-turvy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Hig"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

higgles.</def>



<hw>High</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hie</er>.]</ety> <def>To hie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Men must <qex>high</qex> them apace, and make haste.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>High</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Higher</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Highest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>high</ets>, <ets>hegh</ets>, <ets>hey</ets>, <ets>heh</ets>,

AS. <ets>he\'a0h</ets>, <ets>h<?/h</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>h</ets><?/<ets>h</ets>, OFries. <ets>hag</ets>,

<ets>hach</ets>, D. <ets>hoog</ets>, OHG.

<ets>h</ets><?/<ets>h</ets>, G. <ets>hoch</ets>, Icel.

<ets>h</ets><?/<ets>r</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'94g</ets>, Dan.

<ets>h\'94i</ets>, Goth. <ets>hauhs</ets>, and to Icel.

<ets>haugr</ets> mound, G. <ets>h\'81gel</ets> hill, Lith.

<ets>kaukaras</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Elevated above any

starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having

altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the

zenith; lofty; tall; <as>as, a <ex>high</ex> mountain, tower,

tree; the sun is <ex>high</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Regarded as raised up or elevated;

distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; -- used

indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which

are understood from the connection</def>; as -



<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Elevated in character or quality, whether moral

or intellectual; pre\'89minent; honorable; as, <xex>high</xex>

aims, or motives</def>. \'bdThe <xex>highest</xex> faculty of the

soul.\'b8



<au>Baxter.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Exalted in social standing or general

estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like;

dignified; as, she was welcomed in the <xex>highest</xex>

circles</def>.



<q>He was a wight of <qex>high</qex> renown.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of

<xex>high</xex> family</def>.



<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Of great strength, force, importance, and the

like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant;

victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a</def> <xex>high</xex> wind;

<xex>high</xex> passions. \'bdWith rather a <xex>high</xex>

manner.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<q>Strong is thy hand, and <qex>high</qex> is thy right hand.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxxix. 13.</qau>



<q>Can heavenly minds such <qex>high</qex> resentment show?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<-- p. 693 -->



<sd>(e)</sd> <def>Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or

surmount; grand; noble</def>.



<q>Both meet to hear and answer such <qex>high</qex> things.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Plain living and <qex>high</qex> thinking are no more.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sd>(f)</sd> <def>Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold

goods at a <xex>high</xex> price</def>.



<q>If they must be good at so <qex>high</qex> a rate, they know

they may be safe at a cheaper.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sd>(g)</sd> <def>Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious;

-- used in a bad sense</def>.</q>



<q>An <qex>high</qex> look and a proud heart . . . is sin.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxi. 4.</qau>



<q>His forces, after all the <qex>high</qex> discourses, amounted

really but to eighteen hundred foot.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme

or superior degree; <as>as, <ex>high</ex> (<it>i. e</it></xex>.,

intense) heat; <xex>high</xex> (<it>i. e.</it>, full or quite)

noon; <xex>high</xex> (<it>i. e.</it>, rich or spicy) seasoning;

<xex>high</xex> (<it>i. e.</it>, complete) pleasure;

<xex>high</xex> (<it>i. e.</it>, deep or vivid) color;

<xex>high</xex> (<it>i. e.</it>, extensive, thorough)

scholarship, etc.</def>



<q><qex>High</qex> time it is this war now ended were.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q><qex>High</qex> sauces and spices are fetched from the

Indies.</q>

<qau>Baker.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Strong-scented; slightly

tainted; <as>as, epicures do not cook game before it is

<ex>high</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Acute or sharp; -- opposed to

<xex>grave</xex> or <xex>low</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>high</ex>

note</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Made with a high position of

some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as <emac/

(<emac/ve), <oomac/ (f<oomac/d). See <xex>Guide to

Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/ 10, 11.</def>



<cs><col>High admiral</col>, <cd>the chief admiral.</cd> --

<col>High altar</col>, <cd>the principal altar in a church.</cd>

-- <col>High and dry</col>, <cd>out of water; out of reach of the

current or tide; -- said of a vessel, aground or beached.</cd> --

<col>High and mighty</col> <cd>arrogant; overbearing.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>High art</col>, <cd>art which

deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by

an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display.</cd> --

<col>High bailiff</col>, <cd>the chief bailiff.</cd> --

<mcol><col>High Church</col>, <and/ <col>Low Church</col></mcol>,

<cd>two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the

Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-churchmen emphasize the

doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a

sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration,

and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach

much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship.

Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many

instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the

high-church school. See <er>Broad Church</er>.</cd> -- <col>High

constable</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a chief of constabulary.

See <er>Constable</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> -- <col>High

commission court</col>,<cd>a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction

in England erected and united to the regal power by Queen

Elizabeth in 1559. On account of the abuse of its powers it was

abolished in 1641.</cd> -- <col>High day</col>

<fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>a holy or feast day. <au>John xix.

31.</au></cd> -- <col>High festival</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>,

<cd>a festival to be observed with full ceremonial.</cd> --

<mcol><col>High German</col>, <or/ <col>High Dutch</col></mcol>.

<cd>See under <er>German</er>.</cd> -- <col>High jinks</col>,

<cd>an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdAll the <xex>high jinks</xex> of the

county, when the lad comes of age.\'b8  <au>F.

Harrison</au>.</cd> -- <col>High latitude</col>

<fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>one designated by the higher figures;

consequently, a latitude remote from the equator.</cd> --

<col>High life</col>, <cd>life among the aristocracy or the

rich.</cd> -- <col>High liver</col>, <cd>one who indulges in a

rich diet.</cd> -- <col>High living</col>, <cd>a feeding upon

rich, pampering food.</cd> -- <col>High Mass</col>. <fld>(R. C.

Ch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Mass</er>.</cd> -- <col>High

milling</col>, <cd>a process of making flour from grain by

several successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of

by a single grinding.</cd> -- <col>High noon</col>, <cd>the time

when the sun is in the meridian.</cd> -- <col>High place</col>

<fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>an eminence or mound on which

sacrifices were offered.</cd> -- <col>High priest</col>. <cd>See

in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>High relief</col>. <fld>(Fine

Arts)</fld> <cd>See <er>Alto-rilievo</er>.</cd> -- <col>High

school</col>. See under <er>School</er>. <col>High seas</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the open sea; the part of the ocean not in

the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually

distant three miles or more from the coast line.

<au>Wharton</au>.</cd> -- <col>High steam</col>, <cd>steam having

a high pressure.</cd> -- <col>High steward</col>, <cd>the chief

steward.</cd> -- <col>High tea</col>, <cd>tea with meats and

extra relishes.</cd> -- <col>High tide</col>, <cd>the greatest

flow of the tide; high water.</cd> -- <col>High time</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Quite time; full time for the occasion.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a

carousal. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd> -- <col>High treason</col>,

<cd>treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil

offense. See <er>Treason</er>.</cd>



<note><hand/ It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as

treason simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense,

has been abolished.</note>

<au>Mozley & W.</au>



-- <col>High water</col>, <cd>the utmost flow or greatest

elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation.</cd> --

<col>High-water mark</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>That line of the

seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A mark showing the highest level reached by

water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of

freshet.</cd> -- <col>High-water shrub</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a composite shrub (<spn>Iva frutescens</spn>), <xex>growing

in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United

States</xex>.</cd> -- <col>High wine</col>, <cd>distilled spirits

containing a high percentage of alcohol; -- usually in the

plural.</cd> -- <col>To be on a high horse</col>, <cd>to be on

one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>With a high hand</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>With power; in force; triumphantly.</cd> \'bdThe

children of Israel went out <xex>with a high hand</xex>.\'b8

<au>Ex. xiv. 8.</au><sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In an overbearing manner,

arbitrarily.</cd> \'bdThey governed the city <xex>with a high

hand</xex>.\'b8 <au>Jowett (Thucyd. )</au>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious;

proud; violent; full; dear. See <er>Tall</er>.</syn>



<hw>High</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a high

manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a great degree;

largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully.</def>

\'bdAnd reasoned <xex>high</xex>.\'bd <au>Milton</au>. \'bdI can

not reach so <xex>high</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.



<note><hand/ <xex>High<xex> is extensively used in the formation

of compound words, most of which are of very obvious

signification; as, <xex>high<xex>-aimed, <xex>high<xex>-arched,

<xex>high<xex>-aspiring, <xex>high<xex>-bearing,

<xex>high<xex>-boasting, <xex>high<xex>-browed,

<xex>high<xex>-crested, <xex>high<xex>-crowned,

<xex>high<xex>-designing, <xex>high<xex>-engendered,

<xex>high<xex>-feeding, <xex>high<xex>-flaming,

<xex>high<xex>-flavored, <xex>high<xex>-gazing,

<xex>high<xex>-heaped, <xex>high<xex>-heeled,

<xex>high<xex>-priced, <xex>high<xex>-reared,

<xex>high<xex>-resolved, <xex>high<xex>-rigged,

<xex>high<xex>-seated, <xex>high<xex>-shouldered,

<xex>high<xex>-soaring, <xex>high<xex>-towering,

<xex>high<xex>-voiced, and the like.</note>



<cs><col>High and low</col>, <cd>everywhere; in all supposable

places; as, I hunted <xex>high and low<xex>.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>High</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An elevated place;

a superior region; a height; the sky; heaven.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>People of rank or high station; <as>as,

<ex>high</ex> and low</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The highest card dealt

or drawn.</def>



<cs><col>High, low, jack, and the game</col>, <cd>a game at

cards; -- also called <altname>all fours</altname>, <altname>old

sledge</altname>, and <altname>seven up</altname>.</cd> --

<col>In high and low</col>, <cd>utterly; completely; in every

respect. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer.</au>  -- <col>On

high</col>, <cd>aloft; above.</cd>



<q>The dayspring from <qex>on high</qex> hath visited us.</q>

<qau>Luke i. 78.</qau>



-- <col>The Most High</col>, <cd>the Supreme Being;

God.</cd></cs>



<hw>High</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rise;

<as>as, the sun <ex>higheth</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>High"bind`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A ruffian;

one who hounds, or spies upon, another; app. esp. to the members

of certain alleged societies among the Chinese.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>High"-blown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inflated,

as with conceit.</def>



<hw>High"born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of noble

birth.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>High"-bred`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bred in

high life; of pure blood.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>High"-built`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of lofty

structure; tall.</def> \'bd<xex>High-built</xex> organs.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>The <qex>high-built</qex> elephant his castle rears.</q>

<qau>Creech.</qau>



<hw>High"-church`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to, or favoring, the party called the High Church, or

their doctrines or policy. See <cref>High Church</cref>, under

<er>High</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>High"-church`ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principles of the high-church party.</def>



<hw>High"-church`man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. 

<plw>-men</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who holds

high-church principles.</def>



<hw>High"-church`man-ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

being a high-churchman.</def>



<au>J. H. Newman.</au>



<hw>High"-col`ored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a strong, deep, or glaring color; flushed.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vivid; strong or forcible in representation;

hence, exaggerated; <as>as, <ex>high-colored</ex>

description</as>.</def>



<hw>High"-em*bowed `</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

lofty arches.</def> \'bdThe <xex>high-embowed</xex> roof.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>High"er*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rising

higher; ascending.</def>



<q>In ever <qex>highering</qex> eagle circles.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>High`fa*lu"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh.

a corruption of <ets>highflighting</ets>.]</ety> <def>High-flown,

bombastic language.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hifalutin</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Jocular, U. S.]</mark>



<au>Lowell.</au>

<-- also adjective, meaning pretentious -->



<hw>High"-fed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pampered;

fed luxuriously.</def>



<hw>High"-fin`ished</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Finished with great care; polished.</def>



<hw>High"fli`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is

extravagant in pretensions, opinions, or manners.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>High"-flown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Elevated; proud.</def> \'bd<xex>High-flown</xex> hopes.\'b8



<au>Denham.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Turgid; extravagant; bombastic; inflated;

<as>as, <ex>high-flown</ex> language</as>.</def>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<hw>High"-flushed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Elated.</def>



<au>Young.</au>



<hw>High"fly`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Extravagant in opinions or ambition.</def>

\'bd<xex>Highflying</xex>, arbitrary kings.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>High"-go`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A spree; a

revel.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<hw>High"-hand`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Overbearing; oppressive; arbitrary; violent; <as>as, a

<ex>high-handed</ex> act</as>.</def>



<hw>High"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

courage or nobleness; high-souled.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>High"-heart`ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>High"-hoe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European green woodpecker or

yaffle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>high-hoo</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>High"-hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The flicker; -- called also

<altname>high-hole</altname>.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>High"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Elevated or

mountainous land; (often in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>) an elevated

region or country; <as>as, the <ex>Highlands</ex> of

Scotland</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Highland fling</col>, <cd>a dance peculiar to the

Scottish Highlanders; a sort of hornpipe.</cd></cs>



<hw>High"land*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

inhabitant of highlands, especially of the <xex>Highlands</xex>

of Scotland.</def>



<hw>High"land*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Highlanders, collectively.</def>



<hw>High"-low`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A laced

boot, ankle high.</def>



<hw>High"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a high manner, or to a

high degree; very much; <as>as, <ex>highly</ex>

esteemed</as>.</def>



<hw>High"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Loaded

dice so contrived as to turn up high numbers.</def>

<mark>[Obs]</mark>



<au>Sir J. Harrington.</au>



<hw>High"-met`tled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

abundance of mettle; ardent; full of fire; <as>as, a

<ex>high-mettled</ex> steed</as>.</def>



<hw>High"-mind"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Proud; arrogant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Be not <qex>high-minded</qex>, but fear.</q>

<qau>Rom. xi. 20.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having, or characterized by, honorable pride; of

or pertaining to elevated principles and feelings; magnanimous;

-- opposed to <xex>mean</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>High-minded</qex>, manly recognition of those truths.</q>

<qau>A. Norton.</qau>



<hw>High"-mind`ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being highminded; nobleness; magnanimity.</def>



<hw>High"most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Highest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>High"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>he\'a0hnes</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being

high; elevation; loftiness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A title of honor given to kings, princes, or

other persons of rank; <as>as, His Royal

<ex>Highness</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>High"-palmed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having high antlers; bearing

full-grown antlers aloft.</def>



<hw>High"-pres`sure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having or involving a pressure greatly exceeding

that of the atmosphere; -- said of steam, air, water, etc., and

of steam, air, or hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Urgent; intense; <as>as, a

<ex>high-pressure</ex> business or social life</as>.</def>



<cs><col>High-pressure engine</col>, <cd>an engine in which steam

at high pressure is used. It may be either a condensing or a

noncondensing engine. Formerly the term was used only of the

latter. See <er>Steam engine</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>High" priest`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A

chief priest; esp., the head of the Jewish priesthood.</def>



<hw>High"-priest`hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office, dignity, or position of a high priest.</def>



<hw>High"-priest`ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>High-priesthood.</def>



<hw>High"-prin`ci*pled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Possessed of noble or honorable principles.</def>



<hw>High"-proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Highly rectified; very strongly alcoholic; <as>as,

<ex>high-proof</ex> spirits</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>So as to stand any test.</def> \'bdWe are

<xex>high-proof</xex> melancholy.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>High"-raised`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Elevated; raised aloft; upreared.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Elated with great ideas or hopes.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>High"-reach`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Reaching high or upward; hence, ambitious; aspiring.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>High"-red`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a strong

red color.</def>



<hw>High"road`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A highway; a

much travele<?/ or main road.</def>



<hw>High"-sea`soned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Enriched with spice and condiments; hence, exciting;

piquant.</def>



<hw>High"-sight`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Looking

upward; supercilious.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>High"-souled`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

high or noble spirit; honorable.</def>



<au>E. Everett.</au>



<hw>High"-sound`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; <as>as, <ex>high-sounding</ex>

words or titles</as>.</def>



<hw>High"-spir`it*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full

of spirit or natural fire; haughty; courageous; impetuous; not

brooking restraint or opposition.</def>



<hw>High"-step`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A horse

that moves with a high step or proud gait; hence, a person having

a proud bearing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>High"-stom`ached</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a lofty spirit; haughty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>High"-strung`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Strung to

a high pitch; spirited; sensitive; <as>as, a <ex>high-strung</ex>

horse</as>.</def>



<hw>High"-swell`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Inflated; boastful.</def>



<hw>Hight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A variant of

<er>Height</er>.</def>



<hw>Hight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Hight</er>, <er>Hot</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Hight</er>, <er>Hote</er>

(<?/), <er>Hoten</er> (<?/). See <er>Hote</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>heiten</ets>, <ets>highten</ets>,

<ets>haten</ets>, <ets>hoten</ets>; also <ets>hight</ets>,

<ets>hatte</ets>, <ets>hette</ets>, is called, was called, AS.

<ets>h<amac/tan</ets> to call, name, be called, to command,

promise; also <ets>h<amac/tte</ets> is called, was called; akin

to G. <ets>heissen</ets> to call, be called, bid, Goth.

<ets>haitan</ets> to call, in the passive, to be called.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To be called or named.</def> <mark>[Archaic &

Poetic.]</mark>



<note><hand/ In the form <xex>hight</xex>, it is used in a

passive sense as a present, meaning <xex>is called</xex> or

<xex>named</xex>, also as a preterite, <xex>was called</xex> or

<xex>named</xex>. This form has also been used as a past

participle. See <er>Hote</er>.</note>



<q>The great poet of Italy,

That <qex>highte</qex> Dante.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Bright was her hue, and Geraldine she <qex>hight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Surrey.</qau>



<q>Entered then into the church the Reverend Teacher.

Father he <qex>hight</qex>, and he was, in the parish.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<q>Childe Harold was he <qex>hight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To command; to direct; to impel.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>But the sad steel seized not where it was <qex>hight</qex>

Upon the child, but somewhat short did fall.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To commit; to intrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Yet charge of them was to a porter <qex>hight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He had hold his day, as he had <qex>hight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Hight"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which

heightens.</def>



<hw>Highth</hw> <pr>(h<imac/th or h<imac/tth)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def><it>Variant</it> of <er>Height</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>High"-toned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>High in tone or sound.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Elevated; high-principled; honorable.</def>



<q>In whose <qex>high-toned</qex> impartial mind

Degrees of mortal rank and state

Seem objects of indifferent weight.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<-- 3. pretentious, pompous. -->



<hw>High"-top`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A ship's

masthead.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>High"ty-tigh"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hoity-toity.</def>



<hw>High"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A road or way

open to the use of the public; a main road or thoroughfare.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Way; road; path; course.</syn>



<hw>High"way`man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Highwaymen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who robs on

the public road; a highway robber.</def>



<hw>High"-wrought`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wrought with fine art or skill; elaborate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Worked up, or swollen, to a high degree; <as>as,

a <ex>highwrought</ex> passion</as>.</def> \'bdA

<xex>high-wrought</xex> flood.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hi"gre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Eagre</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Hig"-ta`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Hag-taper</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the

genus <spn>Verbascum</spn> (<spn>V. Thapsus</spn>); the common

mullein. [Also <altname>high-taper</altname> and

<altname>hag-taper</altname>.]</def>



<mhw><hw>Hij"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hij"ra</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hegira</er>.</def>



<hw>Hi"lal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining

to a hilum.</def>



<hw>Hi"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Belonging to the hilum.</def>



<hw>Hi*la"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hilaris</ets>, <ets>hilarus</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. <?/

gracious, kindly.]</ety> <def>Mirthful; noisy; merry.</def>



<hw>Hi*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hilaritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hilarit\'82</ets>. See

<er>Hilarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Boisterous mirth; merriment;

jollity.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hilarity</xex> differs from <xex>joy</xex>: the

latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of

the mind; the former, produced by social pleasure, drinking,

etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is more

demonstrative.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety;

joyousness; exhilaration; joviality; jollity.</syn>



<hw>Hil"a*ry term`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Formerly, one of the

four terms of the courts of common law in England, beginning on

the eleventh of January and ending on the thirty-first of the

same month, in each year; -- so called from the festival of St.

Hilary, January 13th.</def>



<note><hand/ The Hilary term is superseded by the Hilary

sittings, which commence on the eleventh of January and end on

the Wednesday before Easter.</note>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>Hil"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. a

corruption of <ets>hindling</ets>, dim. of <ets>hind</ets>, adj.

Cf. Prov. E. <ets>hilderling</ets>, <ets>hinderling</ets>. See

<er>Hinderling</er>.]</ety> <def>A base, menial wretch.</def> --

<def2><pos>a.</pos>  <def>Base; spiritless.</def></def2>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hide. See

<er>Hele</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Hilum</er>.</def>



<hw>Hill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hil</ets>, <ets>hul</ets>, AS. <ets>hyll</ets>; akin to OD.

<ets>hille</ets>, <ets>hil</ets>, L. <ets>collis</ets>, and prob.

to E. <ets>haulm</ets>, <ets>holm</ets>, and <ets>column</ets>.

Cf. 2d <er>Holm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A natural elevation

of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the

surrounding land; an eminence less than a mountain.</def>



<q>Every mountain and <qex>hill</qex> shall be made low.</q>

<qau>Is. xl. 4.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The earth raised about the roots of a plant or

cluster of plants. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> See <er>Hill</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A single cluster or group of plants growing

close together, and having the earth heaped up about them;

<as>as, a <ex>hill</ex> of corn or potatoes</as>.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Hill ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common ant

(<spn>Formica rufa</spn>), of Europe and America, which makes

mounds or ant-hills over its nests.</cd> -- <col>Hill myna</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of birds of

India, of the genus <spn>Gracula</spn>, and allied to the

starlings. They are easily taught to speak many words.

<altsp>[Written also <asp>hill mynah</asp>.]</altsp> See

<er>Myna</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hill partridge</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a partridge of the genus

<spn>Aborophila</spn>, of which numerous species in habit

Southern Asia and the East Indies.</cd> -- <col>Hill tit</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of small

Asiatic singing birds of the family <spn>Leiotrichid\'91</spn>.

Many are beautifully colored.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 694 -->



<hw>Hill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hilled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hilling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon;

<as>as, to <ex>hill</ex> corn</as>.</def>



<q>Showing them how to plant and <qex>hill</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<hw>Hill"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being hilly.</def>



<hw>Hill"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of

heaping or drawing earth around plants.</def>



<hw>Hill"ock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

hill.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hill"side`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The side or

declivity of a hill.</def>



<hw>Hill"top`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The top of a

hill.</def>



<hw>Hill"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; <as>as, a

<ex>hilly</ex> country</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Hilly</xex>

steep.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lofty; <as>as, <ex>hilly</ex> empire</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Hilt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hilt</ets>, <ets>hilte</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>helza</ets>,

Prov. G. <ets>hilze</ets>, Icel. <ets>hjalt</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A handle; especially, the handle of a sword,

dagger, or the like.</def>



<hw>Hilt"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a hilt; -- used in

composition; <as>as, basket-<ex>hilted</ex>,

cross-<ex>hilted</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hi"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a little

thing, trifle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The eye

of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of

attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support; -- called

also <altname>hile</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The part of a gland, or

similar organ, where the blood vessels and nerves enter; the

hilus; <as>as, the <ex>hilum</ex> of the kidney</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hi"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hilum</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Him</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <def>Them. See

<er>Hem</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Him</hw>, <pos>pron.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>him</ets>, dat. of

<ets>h<emac/</ets>. <root/183.  See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <def>The

objective case of <xex>he</xex>. See <er>He</er>.</def>



<q><qex>Him</qex> that is weak in the faith receive.</q>

<qau>Rom. xiv. 1.</qau>



<q>Friends who have given <qex>him</qex> the most sympathy.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<note><hand/ In old English <xex>his</xex> and <xex>him</xex>

were respectively the genitive and dative forms of <xex>it</xex>

as well as of <xex>he</xex>. <xex>This use is now obsolete</xex>.

<xex>Poetically</xex>, <xex>him</xex> is sometimes used with the

reflexive sense of <xex>himself</xex>.</note>



<q>I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster,

Did bear <qex>him</qex> like a noble gentleman.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hi*ma"la*yan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Skr.

<ets>him\'belaya</ets>, prop., the abode of snow.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in

Hindostan.</def>



<hw>Himp"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hymn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Him*self"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An emphasized form of the third person masculine pronoun; --

used as a subject usually with <xex>he</xex>; <as>as, he

<ex>himself</ex> will bear the blame</as>; used alone in the

predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; <as>as, it

is <ex>himself</ex> who saved <ex>himself</ex></as>.</def>



<q>But he <qex>himself</qex> returned from the quarries.</q>

<qau>Judges iii. 19.</qau>



<q>David hid <qex>himself</qex> in the field.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xx. 24.</qau>



<q>The Lord <qex>himself</qex> shall give you a sign.</q>

<qau>Is. vii. 14.</qau>



<q>Who gave <qex>himself</qex> for us, that he might . . . purify

unto <qex>himself</qex> a peculiar people.</q>

<qau>Titus ii. 14.</qau>



<q>With shame remembers, while <qex>himself</qex> was one

Of the same herd, <qex>himself</qex> the same had done.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Himself</xex> was formerly used instead of

<xex>itself</xex>. See Note under <er>Him</er>.</note>



<q>It comprehendeth in <qex>himself</qex> all good.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One's true or real character; one's natural

temper and disposition; the state of being in one's right or sane

mind (after unconsciousness, passion, delirium, or abasement);

<as>as, the man has come to <ex>himself</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>By himself</col>, <cd>alone; unaccompanied; apart;

sequestered; as, he sits or studies <xex>by himself<xex>.</cd> --

<col>To leave one to himself</col>, <cd>to withdraw from him; to

let him take his own course.</cd></cs>



<mhw><hw>Him*self"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Him*selve"</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <hw>Him*selv"en</hw> (<?/), <pos>pron.

pl.</pos> <def>Themselves. See <er>Hemself</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Him*selve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <def>See 1st

<er>Himself</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Him*yar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Him`ya*rit"ic</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to Himyar, an

ancient king of Yemen, in Arabia, or to his successors or people;

<as>as, the <ex>Himjaritic</ex> characters, language, etc</as>.;

applied esp. to certain ancient inscriptions showing the

primitive type of the oldest form of the Arabic, still spoken in

Southern Arabia.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Hin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>h\'c6n</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure of liquids,

containing three quarts, one pint, one gill, English

measure.</def>



<au>W. H. Ward.</au>



<hw>Hind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hind</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hinde</ets>, OHG.

<ets>hinta</ets>, G. <ets>hinde</ets>, <ets>hindin</ets>, Icel.,

Sw., & Dan. <ets>hind</ets>, and perh. to Goth. <ets>hinpan</ets>

to seize (in comp.), E. <ets>hunt</ets>, or cf. Gr. <?/ a young

deer.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of

the red deer, of which the male is the stag.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spotted food fish of the

genus <spn>Epinephelus</spn>, as <spn>E. apua</spn> of Bermuda,

and <spn>E. Drummond-hayi</spn> of Florida; -- called also

<altname>coney</altname>, <altname>John Paw</altname>,

<altname>spotted hind</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hind</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hine</ets>, AS.

<ets>h\'c6ne</ets>, <ets>h\'c6na</ets>, orig. gen. pl. of

<ets>h\'c6wan</ets> domestics; akin to Icel. <ets>hj<umac/</ets>

man and wife, domestics, family, Goth. <ets>heiwa</ets>frauja

master of the house, G. <ets>hei</ets>rath marriage; cf. L.

<ets>civis</ets> citizen, E. <ets>city</ets> or E.

<ets>home</ets>. Cf. <er>Hide</er> a measure of land.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A domestic; a servant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>hind</qex>, that homeward driving the slow steer

Tells how man's daily work goes forward here.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<hw>Hind</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Hinder</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Hindmost</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, or <er>Hindermost</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hind</ets>, adv.,

back, AS. <ets>hindan</ets> behind. See <er>Hinder</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>In the rear; -- opposed to

<xex>front</xex>; of or pertaining to the part or end which

follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is

before; <as>as, the <ex>hind</ex> legs or <ex>hind</ex> feet of a

quadruped; the <ex>hind</ex> man in a procession.</as></def>



<hw>Hind"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hindberie</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hintberi</ets>, G.

<ets>himbeere</ets>. So called because hinds or stags are fond of

them. See 1st <er>Hind</er>, and <er>Berry</er>.]</ety> <def>The

raspberry.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Hind"brain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hind</ets>, adj. + <ets>brain</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior of the three principal

divisions of the brain, including the epencephalon and

metencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the

<xex>epencephalon</xex> only.</def>



<hw>Hind"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hindere</ets>, AS. hinder, adv., behind; akin to OHG.

<ets>hintar</ets>, prep., behind, G. <ets>hinter</ets>, Goth.

<ets>hindar</ets>; orig. a comparative, and akin to AS.

<ets>hine</ets> hence. See <er>Hence</er>, <er>He</er>, and cf.

<er>Hind</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Hindmost</er>.]</ety> <def>Of

or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which

follows; <as>as, the <ex>hinder</ex> part of a wagon; the

<ex>hinder</ex> parts of a horse.</as></def>



<q>He was in the <qex>hinder</qex> part of the ship.</q>

<qau>Mark iv. 38.</qau>



<hw>Hin"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hindered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hindering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hindren</ets>,

<ets>hinderen</ets>, AS. <ets>hindrian</ets>, fr.

<ets>hinder</ets> behind; akin to D. <ets>hinderen</ets>, G.

<ets>hindern</ets>, OHG. <ets>hintar<?/n</ets>, Icel. & Sw.

<ets>hindra</ets>, Dan. <ets>hindre</ets>. See <er>Hinder</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep back or behind; to

prevent from starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to

obstruct; to bring to a full stop; -- often followed by

<xex>from</xex>; <as>as, an accident <ex>hindered</ex> the coach;

drought <ex>hinders</ex> the growth of plants; to <ex>hinder</ex>

me from going.</as></def>



<q>Them that were entering in ye <qex>hindered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke xi. 52.</qau>



<q>I <qex>hinder</qex> you too long.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut

out.</def>



<q>What <qex>hinders</qex> younger brothers, being fathers of

families, from having the same right?</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog;

prevent; stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct;

debar; embarrass.</syn>



<hw>Hin"der</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To interpose obstacles or

impediments; to be a hindrance.</def>



<q>This objection <qex>hinders</qex> not but that the heroic

action of some commander . . . may be written.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Hin"der*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hindrance</er>.</def>



<hw>Hin"der*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, hinders.</def>



<hw>Hind"er*est</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hindermost;

-- <pos>superl.</pos> of <er>Hind</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hind"er*ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hinderling</ets> one who comes behind his ancestors, fr. AS.

<ets>hinder</ets> behind. See <er>Hinder</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and

cf. <er>Hilding</er>.]</ety> <def>A worthless, base, degenerate

person or animal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Callander.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hind"er*most`</hw>, <hw>Hind"most`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[The superlative of

<ets>hind</ets>. See <er>Hind</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>hindema</ets> (akin to Goth.

<ets>hindumists</ets>), a superlative from the same source as the

comparative <ets>hinder</ets>. See <er>Hinder</er>, a., and cf.

<er>Aftermost</er>.]</ety> <def>Furthest in or toward the rear;

last.</def> \'bdRachel and Joseph <xex>hindermost</xex>.\'b8



<au>Gen. xxxiii. 2.</au>



<hw>Hind"gut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hind</ets>, a. + <ets>gut</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior part of the alimentary

canal, including the rectum, and sometimes the large intestine

also.</def>



<hw>Hin"di</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prop. a Per.

adj. meaning, Indian, Hindoo.]</ety> <def>The name given by

Europeans to that form of the Hindustani language which is

chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari

character, in which Sanskrit is written.</def>



<au>Whitworth.</au>



<hw>Hind"ley"s screw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld>

<def>A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the periphery

of a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is intended to work.

It is named from the person who first used the form.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hin"doo</hw>, <hw>Hin"du</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?;

277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hindoos</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr> <or/ <plw>Hindus</plw></plu>. <ety>[Per.

<ets>Hind\'d4</ets>, fr. <ets>Hind</ets>,

<ets>Hind\'d4st\'ben</ets>, India. Cf. <er>Indian</er>.]</ety>

<def>A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is

confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it

is restricted to followers of the Veda.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hin"doo*ism</hw>, <hw>Hin"du*ism</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The religious doctrines and

rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hin"doo*sta"nee</hw>, <hw>Hin"du*sta"ni</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>Hind\'d4st\'ben\'c6</ets> an Indian, fr. Hind. and Per.

<ets>Hind\'d4st\'ben</ets> India.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

the Hindoos or their language.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to

the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India.

It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic

words.</def></def2>



<hw>Hin"drance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hinder</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act

of hindering, or the state of being hindered.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which hinders; an impediment.</def>



<q>What various <qex>hindrances</qex> we meet.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>Something between a <qex>hindrance</qex> and a help.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty;

interruption; check; delay; restraint.</syn>



<hw>Hin"du</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hindoo</er>.</def>



<hw>Hine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Hind</er>

a servant.]</ety> <def>A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a

hind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Bailiff, herd, nor other <qex>hine</qex>.</q>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hinge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>henge</ets>, <ets>heeng</ets>; akin to D. <ets>heng</ets>,

LG. <ets>henge</ets>, Prov. E. <ets>hingle</ets> a small hinge;

connected with <ets>hang</ets>, v., and Icel. <ets>hengja</ets>

to hang. See <er>Hang</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a

door, gate, lid, etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a

strip of leather, which serves as a joint to turn on.</def>



<q>The gate self-opened wide,

On golden <qex>hinges</qex> turning.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That on which anything turns or depends; a

governing principle; a cardinal point or rule; <as>as, this

argument was the <ex>hinge</ex> on which the question

turned</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of the four cardinal points, east, west,

north, or south.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>When the moon is in the <qex>hinge</qex> at East.</q>

<qau>Creech.</qau>



<q>Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Hinge joint</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Ginglymus</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>

<cd>Any joint resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are

connected so as to permit relative turning in one plane.</cd> --

<col>To be off the hinges</col>, <cd>to be in a state of disorder

or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment.</cd></cs>



<au>Tillotson.</au>



<hw>Hinge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hinged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hinging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

attach by, or furnish with, hinges.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hinge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To stand,

depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend chiefly for a

result or decision or for force and validity; -- usually with

<xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>; <as>as, the argument

<ex>hinges</ex> on this point</as>.</def>



<au>I. Taylor</au>



<hw>Hinged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

hinges.</def>



<hw>Hinge"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

hinge or joint.</def>



<hw>Hink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A reaping

hook.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hin"ni*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hin"ny</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hinnire</ets>.]</ety> <def>To neigh; to whinny.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hin"ny</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hinnies</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>hinnus</ets>, cf. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>A hybrid between a stallion and an ass.</def>



<hw>Hin"ny</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A term of endearment;

darling; -- corrupted from <xex>honey</xex>.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Hint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hinted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Hinting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>henten</ets>, <ets>hinten</ets>, to seize, to catch, AS.

<ets>hentan</ets> to pursue, take, seize; or Icel.

<ets>ymta</ets> to mutter, <ets>ymtr</ets> a muttering, Dan.

<ets>ymte</ets> to whisper. <root/36. Cf. <er>Hent</er>.]</ety>

<def>To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to

suggest in an indirect manner; <as>as, to <ex>hint</ex> a

suspicion</as>.</def>



<q>Just <qex>hint</qex> a fault and hesitate dislike.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.</syn>



<hw>Hint</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make an indirect

reference, suggestion, or allusion; to allude vaguely to

something.</def>



<q>We whisper, and <qex>hint</qex>, and chuckle.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>To hint at</col>, <cd>to allude to lightly, indirectly,

or cautiously.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To allude; refer; glance; touch.</syn>



<hw>Hint</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A remote allusion; slight

mention; intimation; insinuation; a suggestion or reminder,

without a full declaration or explanation; also, an occasion or

motive.</def>



<q>Our <qex>hint</qex> of woe

Is common.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The hint malevolent, the look oblique.</q>

<qau>Hannah M<?/<?/e.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Suggestion; allusion. See <er>Suggestion</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hint"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

hinting manner.</def>



<hw>Hip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hipe</ets>, <ets>huppe</ets>, AS. <ets>hype</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>heup</ets>, OHG. <ets>huf</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81fte</ets>,

Dan. <ets>hofte</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'94ft</ets>, Goth.

<ets>hups</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>huppr</ets>, and also Gr. <?/ the

hollow above the hips of cattle, and Lith. <ets>kumpis</ets>

ham.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The projecting region of the lateral parts of

one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the

huckle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The external angle formed by

the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have

their wall plates running in different directions.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Engin)</fld> <def>In a bridge truss, the place

where an inclined end post meets the top chord.</def>



<au>Waddell.</au>



<cs><col>Hip bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the innominate

bone; -- called also <altname>haunch bone</altname> and

<altname>huckle bone</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hip girdle</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the pelvic girdle.</cd> -- <col>Hip

joint</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the articulation between the

thigh bone and hip bone.</cd> -- <col>Hip knob</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a finial, ball, or other ornament at the

intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge.</cd> -- <col>Hip

molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a molding on the hip of a

roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other

roofing.</cd> -- <col>Hip rafter</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,

<cd>the rafter extending from the wall plate to the ridge in the

angle of a hip roof.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hip roof</col>,

<col>Hipped roof</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a roof

having sloping ends and sloping sides. See <er>Hip</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2., and <er>Hip</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 3.</cd> --

<col>Hip tile</col>, <cd>a tile made to cover the hip of a

roof.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To catch upon the hip</col>, <or/

<col>To have on the hip</col></mcol>, <cd>to have or get the

advantage of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting.

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>To smite hip and thigh</col>, <cd>to

overthrow completely; to defeat utterly. <au>Judg. xv.

8</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hip</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hipped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hipping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dislocate or

sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of (a

quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression

of that side.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in

wrestling (technically called <xex>cross buttock</xex>).</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make with a hip or hips, as a roof.</def>



<cs><col>Hipped roof</col>. <cd>See <cref>Hip roof</cref>, under

<er>Hip</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hepe</ets>, AS. <ets>he\'a2pe</ets>; cf. OHG.

<ets>hiufo</ets> a bramble bush.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose

(<spn>Rosa canina</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hop</asp>, <asp>hep</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Hip tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

dog-rose.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hip</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Used to excite attention or

as a signal; as, <xex>hip</xex>, <xex>hip</xex>, hurra!</def>



<mhw><hw>Hip</hw>, <it>or</it> <hw>Hipps</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Hyp</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Hip"halt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lame in the

hip.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hip"pa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hip"pe</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

genus of marine decapod crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in the

sand by pushing themselves backward; -- called also <altname>bait

bug</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under

<er>Anomura</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hip*pa"ri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a pony, dim. of <?/ a horse.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals

allied to the horse, but three-toed, having on each foot a small

lateral hoof on each side of the main central one. It is believed

to be one of the ancestral genera of the Horse family.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hipped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hip"pish</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 5th

<er>Hip</er>.]</ety> <def>Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See

<er>Hyppish</er>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>When we are <qex>hipped</qex> or in high spirits.</q>

<qau>R. L. Stevenson.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Hip`po*bos"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ horse + <?/ to feed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse

tick.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hip`po*bos"can</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hip"po*camp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hippocampus</er>.</def>



<hw>Hip`po*cam"pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

hippocampus.</def>



<hw>Hip`po*cam"pus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., the

sea horse, Gr. <?/ a hippocampus (in senses 1 and 2);

<grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + <?/ to bend.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous monster, with the head

and fore quarters of a horse joined to the tail of a dolphin or

other fish (<spn>Hippocampus brevirostris</spn>), -- seen in

Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<-- p. 695 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lophobranch

fishes of several species in which the head and neck have some

resemblance to those of a horse; -- called also <altname>sea

horse</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ They swim slowly, in an erect position, and often

cling to seaweeds by means of the incurved prehensile tail. The

male has a ventral pouch, in which it carries the eggs till

hatched.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to either

of two ridges of white matter in each lateral ventricle of the

brain. The larger is called <xex>hippocampus major</xex> or

simply <xex>hippocampus</xex>. The smaller, <xex>hippocampus

minor</xex>, is called also <altname>ergot</altname> and

<altname>calcar</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hip`po*cen"taur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hippocentaurus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ horse + <?/

centaur.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Centaur</er>.</def>



<hw>Hip"po*cras</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hippocras</ets>, <ets>hypocras</ets>, NL. vinum

<ets>hippocraticum</ets>, lit., wine of Hippocrates.]</ety>

<def>A cordial made of spiced wine, etc.</def>



<hw>Hip*poc"ra*tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A famous

Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about 460 <sc>B.

C.</sc></def>



<cs><col>Hippocrates' sleeve</col>, <cd>a conical strainer, made

by stitching together two adjacent sides of a square piece of

cloth, esp. flannel of linen.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hip"po*crat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings.</def>



<cs><col>Hippocratic face</col> <ety>[L. <ets>facies

Hippocratica<ets>]</ety>, <cd>the change produced in the

countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations,

excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are

sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin

of the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips

pendent, relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been

described by Hippocrates. <au>Dunglison</au>.</cd> --

<col>Hippocratic oath</col>, <cd>an oath said to have been

dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still

administered to candidates for graduation in medicine.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hip*poc"ra*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

medical philosophy or system of Hippocrates.</def>



<hw>Hip"po*crene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/; <?/ horse + <?/ a fountain.]</ety> <def>A fountain on

Mount Helicon in B\'d2otia, fabled to have burst forth when the

ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its waters, which

were supposed to impart poetic inspiration.</def>



<au>Keats.</au>



<q>Nor maddening draughts of <qex>Hippocrene</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Hip"po*crep"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hippocrepiform</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

an order of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles are on a

lophophore, shaped like a horseshoe. See

<er>Phylactol\'91ma</er>.</def>



<hw>Hip`po*crep`i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ horse + <?/ shoe + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Shaped like a horseshoe.</def>



<hw>Hip"po*dame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hippopotame</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fabulous sea monster.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hip"po*drome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hippodromos</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ horse + <?/ course, fr. <?/

to run: cf. F. <ets>hippodrome</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A place set apart for equestrian and

chariot races.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An arena for equestrian performances; a

circus.</def>



<hw>Hip"po*griff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hippogriffe</ets>; cf. It. <ets>ippogrifo</ets>. See

<er>Hippopotamus</er>, <er>Griffon</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous winged animal, half horse and

half griffin.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hip"po*lith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

horse + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <def>A concretion, or kind of

bezoar, from the intestines of the horse.</def>



<hw>Hip`po*pa*thol`o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ horse + E. <ets>pathology</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hippopathologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of veterinary

medicine; the pathology of the horse.</def>



<hw>Hip*poph"a*gi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hippophagous</er>.]</ety> <def>Eaters of

horseflesh.</def>



<hw>Hip*poph"a*gism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos><def>Hippophagy.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Hip*poph"a*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

eats horseflesh.</def>



<hw>Hip*poph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ horse + <?/ to eat: cf. F. <ets>hippophage</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes, as

the Tartars.</def>



<hw>Hip*poph"a*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hippophagie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of

feeding on horseflesh.</def>



<hw>Hip"po*phile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

horse + <?/ to love.]</ety> <def>One who loves horses.</def>



<au>Holmes.</au>



<hw>Hip`po*pot"a*mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

E. <plw>Hippopotamuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L.

<plw>Hippopotami</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., from Gr.<?/;

<?/ horse + <?/ river. Cf. <er>Equine</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, amphibious, herbivorous

mammal (<spn>Hippopotamus amphibius</spn>), common in the rivers

of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a very thick, naked

skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle, small eyes

and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is supposed to

be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also

<altname>zeekoe</altname>, and <altname>river horse</altname>. A

smaller species (<spn>H. Liberiencis</spn>) inhabits Western

Africa.</def><-- pigmy hippopotamus? -->



<hw>Hip*pot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

horse + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>hippotomie</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Anatomy of the horse.</def>



<hw>Hip*pu"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

horse + <?/ <?/rine: cf. F. <ets>hippurique</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Obtained from the urine of

horses; <as>as, <ex>hippuric</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hippuric acid</col>, <cd>a white crystalline substance,

containing nitrogen, present in the urine of herbivorous animals,

and in small quantity in human urine. By the action of acids, it

is decomposed into benzoic acid and glycocoll.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hip"pu*rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

decked with a horse's tail; <?/ horse + <?/ tail: cf. F.

<ets>hippurite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil

bivalve mollusk of the genus <spn>Hippurites</spn>, of many

species, having a conical, cup-shaped under valve, with a

flattish upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found only in the

Cretaceous rocks.</def>



<hw>Hip"-roofed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

hip roof.</def>



<hw>Hip"shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hip</ets> + <ets>shot</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

hip dislocated; hence, having one hip lower than the other.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Hip" tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

dog-rose.</def>



<hw>Hir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Here</er>, <pos>pron.</pos></def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hir"cic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. 

<ets>hircique</ets>. See <er>Hircin</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from,

mutton suet; -- applied by Chevreul to an oily acid which was

obtained from mutton suet, and to which he attributed the

peculiar taste and smell of that substance. The substance has

also been called <altname>hircin</altname>.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Hir"cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hircus</ets>, he-goat, buck: cf. F.

<ets>hircine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hircic acid.

See <er>Hircic</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hir"cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hir"ci*nous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>hircinus</ets>,

fr. <ets>hircus</ets> hegoat: cf. F. <ets>hircin</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the

goats.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of a strong goatish smell.</def>



<hw>Hire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Here</er>, <pos>pron.</pos></def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hire</ets>, <ets>hure</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/r</ets>; akin to

D.<ets>huur</ets>, G. <ets>heuer</ets>, Dan. <ets>hyre</ets>, Sw.

<ets>hyra</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The price; reward, or

compensation paid, or contracted to be paid, for the temporary

use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or for labor;

wages; rent; pay.</def>



<q>The laborer is worthy of his <qex>hire</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke x. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>A bailment by which the use of

a thing, or the services and labor of a person, are contracted

for at a certain price or reward.</def>



<au>Story.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.</syn>



<hw>Hire</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hired</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hiren</ets>,

<ets>huren</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/rian</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>huren</ets>, G. <ets>heuern</ets>, Dan. <ets>hyre</ets>, Sw.

<ets>hyra</ets>. See <er>Hire</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To procure (any chattel or estate) from another

person, for temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to

purchase the use or enjoyment of for a limited time; <as>as, to

<ex>hire</ex> a farm for a year; to <ex>hire</ex>

money.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To engage or purchase the service, labor, or

interest of (any one) for a specific purpose, by payment of

wages; <as>as, to <ex>hire</ex> a servant, an agent, or an

advocate</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To grant the temporary use of, for compensation;

to engage to give the service of, for a price; to let; to lease;

-- now usually with <xex>out</xex>, and often reflexively;

<as>as, he has <ex>hired</ex> out his horse, or his

time</as>.</def>



<q>They . . . have <qex>hired</qex> out themselves for bread.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. ii. 5.</qau>



<hw>Hire"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without hire.</def>



<au>Davenant.</au>



<hw>Hire"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<?/reling</ets>. See <er>Hire</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and

<er>-ling</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is hired, or who serves for

wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are

wholly gainful; a mercenary.</def> \'bdLewd

<xex>hirelings</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hire"ling</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving for hire or wages;

venal; mercenary.</def> \'bd<xex>Hireling</xex> mourners.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hir"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hires.</def>



<mhw><hw>Hires</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hirs</hw></mhw>,

<pos>pron.</pos> <def>Hers; theirs. See <er>Here</er>,

<pos>pron.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hir*sute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hirsutus</ets>; prob. akin to <ets>horridus</ets> horrid.

Cf. <er>Horrid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rough with hair; set

with bristles; shaggy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rough and coarse; boorish.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Cynical and <qex>hirsute</qex> in his behavior.</q>

<qau>Life of A. Wood.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pubescent with coarse or stiff

hairs.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Covered with hairlike

feathers, as the feet of certain birds.</def>



<hw>Hir*sute"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hairiness.</def>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Hir*tel"lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Dim., fr.

L. <ets>hirtus</ets> hairy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs.</def>



<hw>Hi*ru"dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the leeches.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hir`u*din"e*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>hirudo</ets>, <ets>hirudinis</ets>, a

leech.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Annelida,

including the leeches; -- called also

<altname>Hirudinei</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hi*ru"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

leech.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of leeches,

including the common medicinal leech. See <er>Leech</er>.</def>



<hw>Hi*run"dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the

swallows.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hi*run"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

swallow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds

including the swallows and martins.</def>



<hw>His</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>his</ets> of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of

<ets>h<?/</ets>, neut. <ets>hit</ets>. See <er>He</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging or pertaining to <xex>him</xex>; --

used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; <as>as, tell

John <ex>his</ex> papers are ready</as>; formerly used also for

<it>its</it>, but this use is now obsolete.</def>



<q>No comfortable star did lend <qex>his</qex> light.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Who can impress the forest, bid the tree

Unfix <qex>his</qex> earth-bound root?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply

as a sign of the possessive. \'bdThe king <xex>his</xex> son.\'b8

<xex>Shak</xex>. \'bdBy young Telemachus <xex>his</xex> blooming

years.\'b8 <xex>Pope</xex>. This <xex>his</xex> is probably a

corruption of the old possessive ending -<xex>is</xex> or

-<xex>es</xex>, which, being written as a separate word, was at

length confounded with the pronoun <xex>his</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The possessive of <xex>he</xex>; <as>as, the

book is <ex>his</ex></as>.</def> \'bdThe sea is <xex>his</xex>,

and he made it.\'b8



<au>Ps. xcv. 5.</au>



<hw>His"ing*er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after W. <ets>Hisinger</ets>, a Swedish mineralogist.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a

hydrous silicate of iron.</def>



<hw>His*pan"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hispanicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Spain or

its language; <as>as, <ex>Hispanic</ex> words</as>.</def>



<hw>His*pan"i*cism</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Spanish idiom or

mode of speech.</def>



<au>Keightley.</au>



<hw>His*pan"i*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

give a Spanish form or character to; <as>as, to

<ex>Hispanicize</ex> Latin words</as>.</def>



<hw>His"pid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hispidus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hispide</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Rough with bristles or minute spines.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Beset with stiff

hairs or bristles.</def>



<hw>His*pid"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>hispid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Minutely hispid.</def>



<hw>Hiss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hissed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hissing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>hysian</ets>; prob. of imitative origin<?/; cf.

LG. <ets>hissen</ets>, OD. <ets>hisschen</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like

that of the letter <it>s</it>, by driving the breath between the

tongue and the teeth; to make with the mouth a sound like that

made by a goose or a snake when angered; esp., to make such a

sound as an expression of hatred, passion, or disapproval.</def>



<q>The merchants among the people shall <qex>hiss</qex> at

thee.</q>

<qau>Ezek. xxvii. 36.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a similar noise by any means; to pass

with a sibilant sound; <as>as, the arrow <ex>hissed</ex> as it

flew</as>.</def>



<q>Shod with steel,

We <qex>hissed</qex> along the polished ice.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Hiss</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To condemn or

express contempt for by hissing.</def>



<q>If the tag-rag people did not clap him and <qex>hiss</qex>

him, according as he pleased and displeased them.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><it>Malcolm</it>.   What is the newest grief?

<it>Ros</it>.  That of an hour's age doth <qex>hiss</qex> the

speaker.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter with a hissing sound.</def>



<q>The long-necked geese of the world that are ever

<qex>hissing</qex> dispraise.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Hiss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prolonged sound

like that letter <it>s</it>, made by forcing out the breath

between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of disapprobation

or contempt.</def>



<q>\'bd<qex>Hiss</qex>\'b8 implies audible friction of breath

consonants.</q>

<qau>H. Sweet. </qau>



<q>A dismal, universal <qex>hiss</qex>, the sound

Of public scorn.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any sound resembling that above described</def>;

as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The noise made by a serpent.</def>



<q>But <qex>hiss</qex> for <qex>hiss</qex> returned with forked

tongue.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The note of a goose when irritated</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The noise made by steam escaping through a

narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove</def>.

<-- or the high-frequency noise from an electronic audio

instrument -->



<hw>Hiss"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

emitting a hiss or hisses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn

and derision.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>I will make this city desolate, and a <qex>hissing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. xix. 8.</qau>



<hw>Hiss"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a hissing

sound.</def>



<hw>Hist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.

<ets>hys</ets>. <?/. Cf. <er>Hush</er>, <er>Whist</er>.]</ety>

<def>Hush; be silent; -- a signal for silence.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>His`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Histology</er>.</def>



<hw>His`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The formation and

development of organic tissues; histogeny; -- the opposite of

<xex>histolysis</xex></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Germ history of

cells, and of the tissues composed of cells.</def>



<au>Haeckel.</au>



<hw>His`to*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Histogeny</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Tissue-producing; connected with the formation and

development of the organic tissues.</def>



<hw>His*tog"e*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Histogenesis</er>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>His*tog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

describes organic tissues; an histologist.</def>



<hw>His"to*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to histography.</def>



<hw>His*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

description of, or treatise on, organic tissues.</def>



<hw>His`to*h\'91m"a*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + E.

<ets>h\'91matin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>One of a

class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in the animal

kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction.</def>



<hw>His"toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Resembling the normal tissues; <as>as, <ex>histoid</ex>

tumors</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>His`to*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>His`to*log"ic*al</hw>  }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to histology, or to the

microscopic structure of the tissues of living organisms.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>His`to*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>His*tol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in histology.</def>



<hw>His*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That

branch of biological science, which treats of the minute

(microscopic) structure of animal and vegetable tissues; --

called also <altname>histiology</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8His*tol"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <?/ to loosen,

dissolve.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The decay and

dissolution of the organic tissues and of the blood.</def>



<hw>His`to*lyt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the

degeneration of tissues.</def>



<hw>His*ton"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <?/ to distribute, regulate.]</ety>

<def>The science which treats of the laws relating to organic

tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc.</def>



<hw>His*toph"y*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + Gr. <?/ clan.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The tribal history of cells, a division

of morphophyly.</def>



<au>Haeckel.</au>



<hw>His*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>historialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>historial</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Historical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>His*to"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>historien</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A writer of

history; a chronicler; an annalist.</def>



<q>Even the <qex>historian</qex> takes great liberties with

facts.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Reynolds.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One versed or well informed in history.</def>



<q>Great captains should be good <qex>historians</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<-- p. 696 -->



<mhw>{ <hw>His*tor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>His*tor"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>historicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>historique</ets>. See

<er>History</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to history, or the

record of past events; <as>as, an <ex>historical</ex> poem; the

<ex>historic</ex> page.</as></def> --

<wordforms><wf>His*tor"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>His*to*ric"i*ty</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q> There warriors frowning in <qex>historic</qex> brass.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Historical painting</col>, <cd>that branch of painting

which represents the events of history.</cd> -- <col>Historical

sense</col>, <cd>that meaning of a passage which is deduced from

the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it was

written.</cd> -- <col>The historic sense</col>, <cd>the capacity

to conceive and represent the unity and significance of a past

era or age.</cd></cs>



<hw>His*tor"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

the manner of, or in accordance with, history.</def>



<hw>His*tor"i*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

record or narrate in the manner of a history; to chronicle.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>His"to*ried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Related in

history.</def>



<hw>His*to"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

historian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8His`to*ri*ette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., dim. of <ets>histoire</ets> a history.]</ety>

<def>Historical narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a

story.</def>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>His*tor"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>History</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To record

in or as history.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<q>Thy conquest meet to be <qex>historified</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>His*to`ri*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>historiographus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ history + <?/

to write: cf. F. <ets>historiographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

historian; a writer of history; especially, one appointed or

designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by some

governments upon historians of distinction.</def>



<hw>His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office

of an historiographer.</def>



<au>Saintsbury.</au>



<hw>His*to`ri*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

art of employment of an historiographer.</def>



<hw>His*to`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ history + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A discourse on

history.</def>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>His*to`ri*on"o*mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ history + <?/ to distribute.]</ety> <def>One versed in the

phenomena of history and the laws controlling them.</def>



<q>And <qex>historionomers</qex> will have measured accurately

the sidereal years of races.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<hw>His"to*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

relate as history; to chronicle; to historicize.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>His"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Histories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[L.<ets>historia</ets>, Gr. <grk>'istori`a</grk> history,

information, inquiry, fr. <grk>'istwr</grk>, <grk>"istwr</grk>,

knowing, learned, from the root of <?/ to know; akin to E.

<ets>wit</ets>. See <er>Wit</er>, and cf. <er>Story</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge

of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of

such information; a narrative; a description; a written record;

<as>as, the <ex>history</ex> of a patient's case; the

<ex>history</ex> of a legislative bill.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A systematic, written account of events,

particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science,

or art, and usually connected with a philosophical explanation of

their causes; a true story, as distinguished from a

<xex>romance</xex>; -- distinguished also from <xex>annals</xex>,

which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict

chronological order; from <xex>biography</xex>, which is the

record of an individual's life; and from <xex>memoir</xex>, which

is history composed from personal experience, observation, and

memory.</def>



<q><qex>Histories</qex> are as perfect as the historian is wise,

and is gifted with an eye and a soul.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<q>For aught that I could ever read,

Could ever hear by tale or <qex>history</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>What <qex>histories</qex> of toil could I declare!</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>History piece</col>, <cd>a representation in painting,

drawing, etc., of any real event, including the actors and the

action.</cd> -- <col>Natural history</col>, <cd>a description and

classification of objects in nature, as minerals, plants,

animals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the

senses.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Chronicle; annals; relation; narration.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>History</er>, <er>Chronicle</er>, <er>Annals</er>.

<xex>History</xex> is a methodical record of important events

which concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show

the connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of

motive and action etc. A <xex>chronicle</xex> is a record of such

events, conforming to the order of time as its distinctive

feature. <xex>Annals</xex> are a chronicle divided up into

separate years. By poetic license <xex>annals</xex> is sometimes

used for <xex>history</xex>.</usage>



<q>Justly C\'91sar scorns the poet's lays;

It is to <qex>history</qex> he trusts for praise.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>No more yet of this;

For 't is a <qex>chronicle</qex> of day by day,

Not a relation for a breakfast.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Many glorious examples in the <qex>annals</qex> of our

religion.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<hw>His"to*ry</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To narrate or

record.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>His*tot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

tissue + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>The dissection of organic

tissues.</def>



<hw>His"to*zyme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

tissue + <?/ leaven.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A

soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence of

which many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are

supposed to be due.</def>



<hw>His"tri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>histrio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>histrion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

player.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>His`tri*on"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>His`tri*on"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>histrionicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>histronique</ets>.

See <er>Histrion</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to the stage or

a stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a

bad sense.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>His`tri*on"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Tainted with false and <qex>histrionic</qex> feeling.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>His`tri*on"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

histronic art; stageplaying.</def>



<au>W. Black.</au>



<hw>His"tri*o*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Theatrical representation; acting; affectation.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>His"tri*o*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

act; to represent on the stage, or theatrically.</def>



<au>Urquhart.</au>



<hw>Hit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <def>It.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hit</hw>, <def><pos>3d pers. sing. pres.</pos> of

<er>Hide</er>, contracted from <xex>hideth</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Hit</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hitten</ets>,

<ets>hutten</ets>, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <ets>hitte</ets> to

hit, find, Sw. & Icel. <ets>hitta</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually

with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed

at).</def>



<q>I think you have <qex>hit</qex> the mark.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to

the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord

with; to be conformable to; to suit.</def>



<q>Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to <qex>hit</qex>

the notes right.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>There you <qex>hit</qex> him; . . . that argument never fails

with him.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Whose saintly visage is too bright

To <qex>hit</qex> the sense of human sight.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>He scarcely <qex>hit</qex> my humor.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To guess; to light upon or discover.</def>

\'bdThou hast <xex>hit</xex> it.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Backgammon)</fld> <def>To take up, or replace

by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single

unprotected piece on a point.</def>



<cs><col>To hit off</col>, <cd>to describe with quick

characteristic strokes; as, <xex>to hit off<xex> a speaker.

<au>Sir W. Temple</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hit out</col>, <cd>to

perform by good luck. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by

<xex>against</xex> or <xex>on</xex>.</def>



<q>If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and

<qex>hit</qex> one against another?</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>Corpuscles, meeting with or <qex>hitting</qex> on those

bodies, become conjoined with them.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired;

to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck.</def>



<q>And oft it <qex>hits</qex>

Where hope is coldest and despair most fits.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And millions miss for one that <qex>hits</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To hit on</col> <or/ <col>upon</col></mcol>,

<cd>to light upon; to come to by chance. \'bdNone of them

<xex>hit upon<xex> the art.\'b8</cd></cs>



<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Hit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A striking against;

the collision of one body against another; the stroke that

touches anything.</def>



<q>So he the famed Cilician fencer praised,

And, at each <qex>hit</qex>, with wonder seems amazed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a

fortunate chance; <as>as, he made a <ex>hit</ex></as>.</def>



<q>What late he called a blessing, now was wit,

And God's good providence, a lucky <qex>hit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<-- esp. A performance, as a musical recording, movie, or play,

which achieved great popularity or acclaim.  also used of books

or objects of commerce which become big sellers -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought;

a phrase which hits the mark; <as>as, a happy

<ex>hit</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A game won at backgammon after the adversary has

removed some of his men. It counts less than a

<xex>gammon</xex>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A striking of the ball;

<as>as, a safe <ex>hit</ex>; a foul <ex>hit</ex></as>; --

sometimes used specifically for a <altname>base

hit</altname>.</def>



<-- 6.  A murder performed for hire, esp. by a professional

assassin. -->



<-- hit man.  (a) a professional murderer, esp. one working for a

criminal organization; also, "torpedo" [jargon]  (b) (fig.) A

slanderer working for political purposes -- See "hatchet man".

-->



<cs><mcol><col>Base hit</col>, <col>Safe hit</col>,

<col>Sacrifice hit</col></mcol>. <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Base</er>, <er>Safe</er>, etc.</cd></cs>



<-- <hw>Hit.</hw> <pos>adj.</pos> <def>having become very popular

or acclaimed; -- said of entertainment performances; <as>as, a

hit record, a hit movie.</def> -->



<hw>Hitch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.</def> t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

Scot. <ets>hitch</ets> a motion by a jerk, and <ets>hatch</ets>,

<ets>hotch</ets>, to move by jerks, also Prov. G.

<ets>hiksen</ets>, G. <ets>hinken</ets>, to limp, hobble; or E.

<ets>hiccough</ets>; or possibly akin to E.

<ets>hook</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become entangled or

caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling.</def>



<q>Atoms . . . which at length <qex>hitched</qex> together.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or

steps; -- said of something obstructed or impeded.</def>



<q>Slides into verse, and <qex>hitches</qex> in a rhyme.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>To ease themselves . . . by <qex>hitching</qex> into another

place.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to

interfere.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Hitch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hitched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hitching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast,

unite, or yoke; <as>as, to <ex>hitch</ex> a horse, or a

halter</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move with hitches; <as>as, he

<ex>hitched</ex> his chair nearer</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To hitch up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To fasten up.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor

<xex>hitches up<xex> his trousers.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To

attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, <xex>hitch up<xex> the gray

mare. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Hitch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A catch; anything

that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an

entanglement.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an

impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; <as>as, a

<ex>hitch</ex> in one's progress or utterance; a <ex>hitch</ex>

in the performance.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; <as>as,

the sailor gave his trousers a <ex>hitch</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A knot or noose in a rope

which can be readily undone; -- intended for a temporary

fastening; <as>as, a half <ex>hitch</ex>; a clove <ex>hitch</ex>;

a timber <ex>hitch</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A small dislocation of a bed

or vein.</def>



<hw>Hitch"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hatchel</er>.</def>



<hw>Hithe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h</ets><?/<?/. Cf. <er>Hide</er> to conceal.]</ety> <def>A

port or small haven; -- used in composition; <as>as,

<ex>Lambhithe</ex>, now <ex>Lambeth</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Pennant.</au>



<hw>Hith"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hider</ets>, AS. <ets>hider</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>h</ets><?/<?/<ets>ra</ets>, Dan. <ets>hid</ets>, Sw.

<ets>hit</ets>, Goth. <ets>hidr</ets><?/; cf. L. <ets>citra</ets>

on this side, or E. <ets>here</ets>, <ets>he</ets>.  <?/183. Cf.

<er>He</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To this place; -- used with verbs signifying

motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of

<xex>hence</xex> and <xex>thither</xex>; <as>as, to come or bring

<ex>hither</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.;

-- in a sense not physical.</def>



<q><qex>Hither</qex> we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the

highest perfection of man.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<cs><col>Hither and thither</col>, <cd>to and fro; backward and

forward; in various directions. \'bdVictory is like a traveller,

and goeth <xex>hither and thither<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Knolles.</au>



<hw>Hith"er</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being on the

side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of

<xex>thither</xex> and <xex>farther</xex>; <as>as, on the

<ex>hither</ex> side of a hill</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger

than; of fewer years than.</def>



<q>And on the <qex>hither</qex> side, or so she looked,

Of twenty summers.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few

years on the <qex>hither</qex> and thither side of thirty, the

name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton

and Michael Faraday.</q>

<qau>Huxley.</qau>



<hw>Hith"er*most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearest

on this side.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Hith"er*to`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To this place; to a prescribed limit.</def>



<q><qex>Hitherto</qex> shalt thou come, but no further.</q>

<qau>Job xxxviii. 11.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Up to this time; as yet; until now.</def>



<q>The Lord hath blessed me <qex>hitherto</qex>.</q>

<qau>Josh. xvii. 14.</qau>



<hw>Hith"er*ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hiderweard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Toward this place;

hither.</def>



<q>Marching <qex>hitherward</qex> in proud array.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who hits or

strikes; <as>as, a hard <ex>hitter</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hive</ets>, <ets>huve</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A box, basket, or other structure, for the

reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place swarming with busy occupants; a

crowd.</def>



<q>The <qex>hive</qex> of Roman liars.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Hive bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

honeybee.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hive</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hived</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hiving</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To collect into a

hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; <as>as, to

<ex>hive</ex> a swarm of bees</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to

gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store.</def>



<q><qex>Hiving</qex> wisdom with each studious year.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Hive</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take shelter or lodgings

together; to reside in a collective body.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Hive"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of a hive.</def>



<au>Gascoigne.</au>



<hw>Hiv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who collects

bees into a hive.</def>



<hw>Hives</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.; perh.

akin to E. <ets>heave</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The croup.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An eruptive

disease <fld>(Varicella globularis)</fld>, allied to the chicken

pox.</def>



<hw>Hizz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To hiss.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ho</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos> <def>Who.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> In some Chaucer MSS.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho</hw>, <hw>Hoa</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Ho</er>, <pos>interj.</pos>,

2.]</ety> <def>A stop; a halt; a moderation of pace.</def>



<q>There is no <qex>ho</qex> with them.</q>

<qau>Decker.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho</hw>, <hw>Hoa</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. & G. <ets>ho</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention,

or to give notice of approach.</def> \'bdWhat noise there,

<xex>ho</xex>?\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>\'bd<qex>Ho</qex>! who's within?\'b8</q>

<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps corrupted fr. <ets>hold</ets>; but cf.

F. <ets>hau</ets> stop! and E. <ets>whoa</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stop!

stand still! hold! -- a word now used by teamsters, but formerly

to order the cessation of anything.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>whoa</asp>, and, formerly, <asp>hoo</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried

\'bd<qex>Hoo</qex>!\'b8</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>An herald on a scaffold made an <qex>hoo</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Hoar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hor</ets>, <ets>har</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'ber</ets>; akin to

Icel. <ets>h\'berr</ets>, and to OHG. <ets>h<emac/r</ets>

illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. <ets>Hei<edh/</ets>

brightness of the sky, Goth. <ets>hais</ets> torch, Skr.

<ets>k<emac/tus</ets> light, torch. Cf. <er>Hoary</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>White, or grayish white: as, <xex>hoar</xex>

frost; <xex>hoar</xex> cliffs.</def> \'bd<xex>Hoar</xex>

waters.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gray or white with age; hoary.</def>



<q>Whose beard with age is <qex>hoar</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<q>Old trees with trunks all <qex>hoar</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Musty; moldy; stale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hoar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hoariness; antiquity.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Covered with the awful <qex>hoar</qex> of innumerable

ages.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Hoar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'berian</ets> to

grow gray.]</ety> <def>To become moldy or musty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hoard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hoarding</er>, 2.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Hoard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hord</ets>, AS.

<ets>hord</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hord</ets>, G. <ets>hort</ets>,

Icel. <ets>hodd</ets>, Goth. <ets>huzd</ets>; prob. from the root

of E. <ets>hide</ets> to conceal, and of L. <ets>custos</ets>

guard, E. <ets>custody</ets>. See <er>Hide</er> to

conceal.]</ety> <def>A store, stock, or quantity of anything

accumulated or laid up; a hidden supply; a treasure; <as>as, a

<ex>hoard</ex> of provisions; a <ex>hoard</ex> of

money.</as></def>



<hw>Hoard</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hoarded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hoarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hordian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To collect and lay up; to amass

and deposit in secret; to store secretly, or for the sake of

keeping and accumulating; <as>as, to <ex>hoard</ex>

grain</as>.</def>



<hw>Hoard</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lay up a store or hoard,

as of money.</def>



<q>To <qex>hoard</qex> for those whom he did breed.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Hoard"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hoards.</def>



<hw>Hoard"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From OF.

<ets>hourd</ets>, <ets>hourt</ets>, barrier, palisade, of German

or Dutch origin; cf. D. <ets>horde</ets> hurdle, fence, G.

<ets>horde</ets>, <ets>h\'81rde</ets>; akin to E.

<ets>hurdle</ets>. <root/16. See <er>Hurdle</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A screen of boards inclosing

a house and materials while builders are at work.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>Posted on every dead wall and <qex>hoarding</qex>.</q>

<qau>London Graphic</qex>.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing,

surrounding, or concealing something.</def>



<q>The whole arrangement was surrounded by a <qex>hoarding</qex>,

the space within which was divided into compartments by sheets of

tin.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<hw>Hoared</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moldy;

musty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Granmer.</au>



<hw>Hoar"frost`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The white

particles formed by the congelation of dew; white frost.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>horefrost</asp>. See <er>Hoar</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</altsp>



<q>He scattereth the <qex>hoarfrost</qex> like ashes.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxlvii. 16.</qau>



<hw>Hoar"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Horehound</er>.</def>



<hw>Hoar"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hoary</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being hoary.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hoarse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Hoarser</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Hoarsest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hors</ets>, also <ets>hos</ets>, <ets>has</ets>, AS.

<ets>h\'bes</ets>; akin to D. <ets>heesch</ets>, G.

<ets>heiser</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'bess</ets>, Dan.

<ets>h\'91s</ets>, Sw. <ets>hes</ets>. Cf. Prov. E.

<ets>heazy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a harsh, rough,

grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a

rough, harsh cry or sound; <as>as, the <ex>hoarse</ex>

raven</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>hoarse</qex> resounding shore.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any

sound.</def>



<hw>Hoarse"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a harsh, grating

sound or voice.</def>



<hw>Hoars"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hoarsened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hoarsening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make hoarse.</def>



<q>I shall be obliged to <qex>hoarsen</qex> my voice.</q>

<qau>Richardson.</qau>



<hw>Hoarse"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Harshness

or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus collected on the

vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the cords.</def>



<-- p. 697 -->



<hw>Hoar"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stone

designating the <?/ounds of an estate; a landmark.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Hoar"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>White or whitish.</def>\'bdThe <xex>hoary</xex> willows.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> White or gray with age; hoar; as, <qex>hoary</qex>

hairs.</q>



<q>Reverence the <qex>hoary</qex> head.</q>

<qau>Dr. T. Dwight.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, remote in time past; <as>as,

<ex>hoary</ex> antiquity</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Moldy; mossy; musty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Knolles.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of a pale silvery

gray.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with short, dense,

grayish white hairs; canescent.</def>



<cs><col>Hoary bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American

bat (<spn>Atalapha cinerea</spn>), having the hair yellowish, or

brown, tipped with white.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ho"at*zin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hoazin</er>.</def>



<hw>Hoax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. contr. fr.

<ets>hocus</ets>, in <ets>hocus-pocus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

deception for mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or story; a

practical joke.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Hoax</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hoaxed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hoaxing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deceive by a story or a

trick, for sport or mischief; to impose upon sportively.</def>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Hoax"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hoaxes.</def>



<hw>Hoa"zin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remarkable South American bird

(<spn>Opisthocomus cristatus</spn>); the crested touraco. By some

zo\'94logists it is made the type of a distinct order

(<spn>Opisthocomi</spn>).</def>



<hw>Hob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. akin to

<ets>hump</ets>. Cf. <er>Hub</er>. ]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The hub of a wheel. See <er>Hub</er>.</def>



<au>Washington.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of

a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A threaded and fluted

hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for

forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc.</def>



<hw>Hob</hw>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[Orig. an abbrev. of

<ets>Robin</ets>, <ets>Robert</ets>; <ets>Robin Goodfellow</ets>

a celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. <er>Hobgoblin</er>,

and see <er>Robin</er>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fairy; a

sprite; an elf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . . 

Defend us, good Heaven !</q>

<qau>Beau. &  FL.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A countryman; a rustic; a clown.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<qau>Nares.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hob"a*nob`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hob"and*nob`</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Hobnob</er>.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Hob"bism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

philosophical system of Thomas <xex>Hobbes</xex>, an English

materialist (<?/); esp., his political theory that the most

perfect form of civil government is an absolute monarchy with

despotic control over everything relating to law, morals, and

religion.</def>



<hw>Hob"bist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes.</def>



<hw>Hob"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hobbled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hobbling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hobelen</ets>,

<ets>hoblen</ets>, freq. of <ets>hoppen</ets> to hop; akin to D.

<ets>hobbelen</ets>, <ets>hoblen</ets>, <ets>hoppeln</ets>. See

<er>Hop</er> to jump, and cf. <er>Hopple</er>  ]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to

walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches.</def>



<q>The friar was <qex>hobbling</qex> the same way too.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style

in writing.</def>



<au>Prior.</au>



<q>The <qex>hobbling</qex> versification, the mean diction.</q>

<qau>Jeffreys.</qau>



<hw>Hob"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fetter by

tying the legs; to hopple; to clog.</def> \'bd They

<xex>hobbled</xex> their horses.\'b8



<au>Dickens</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perplex; to embarrass.</def>



<hw>Hob"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An unequal gait;

a limp; a halt; <as>as, he has a <ex>hobble</ex> in his

gait</as>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Hopple</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment.</def>



<au>Waterton.</au>



<hw>Hob"ble*bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low bush (<spn>Viburnum

lantanoides</spn>) having long, straggling branches and handsome

flowers. It is found in the Northern United States. Called also

<altname>shinhopple</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hob"ble*de*hoy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hob"ble*te*hoy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>hobbetyhoy</asp>,

<asp>hobbarddehoy</asp>, <asp>hobbedehoy</asp>,

<asp>hobdehoy</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[ Cf. Prob. E.

<ets>hobbledygee</ets> with a limping movement; also F.

<ets>hobereau</ets>, a country squire, E. <ets>hobby</ets>, and

OF. <ets>hoi</ets> to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an upstart

of to-day.]</ety> <def>A youth between boy and man; an awkward,

gawky young fellow .</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>All the men, boys, and <qex>hobbledehoys</qex> attached to the

farm.</q>

<qau>Dickens. .</qau>



<hw>Hob"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hobbles.</def>



<hw>Hob"bler</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. also

<ets>hobeler</ets>, OF. <ets>hobelier</ets>, LL.

<ets>hobellarius</ets>. See <er>Hobby</er> a horse.]</ety>

<fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who by his tenure was to

maintain a horse for military service; a kind of light horseman

in the Middle Ages who was mounted on a hobby.</def>



<au>Hallam. Sir J. Davies.</au>



<hw>Hob"bling*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a

limping step.</def>



<hw>Hob"bly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rough; uneven;

causing one to hobble; as a <xex>hobbly</xex> road.</def>



<hw>Hob"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hobbies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hobi</ets>;

cf. OF. <ets>hobe</ets>, <ets>hob\'82</ets>, F.

<ets>hobereau</ets> a hobby, a species of falcon. OF.

<ets>hober</ets> to move, stir. Cf. <er>Hobby</er> a

horse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, strong-winged

European falcon (<spn>Falco subbuteo</spn>), formerly trained for

hawking.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hob"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hob"by*horse`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hobin</ets> a

nag, OF. <ets>hobin</ets> hobby; cf. <ets>hober</ets> to stir,

move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <ets>hoppe</ets>

a mare, dial. Sw.  <ets>hoppa</ets>; perh. akin to E.

<ets>hop</ets> to jump.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A strong, active

horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from

Ireland; an ambling nag.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stick, often with the head or figure of a

horse, on which boys make believe to ride.</def> <altsp>[ Usually

under the form <asp>hobbyhorse</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A subject or plan upon which one is constantly

setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse,

thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly,

or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion.</def>

<altsp>[Usually under the form <asp>hobby</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>Not one of them has any <qex>hobbyhorse</qex>, to use the

phrase of Sterne.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Hob`by*hors"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim; eccentric;

whimsical.</def><mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Sterne.</au>



<hw>Hob"gob`lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

Hob, and <er>Goblin</er>.]</ety> <def>A frightful goblin; an imp;

a bugaboo; also, a name formerly given to the household spirit,

Robin Goodfellow.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Hob"i*ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[See 2d

<er>Hobbler</er>.]</ety> <def>A light horseman. See 2d

<er>Hobbler</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Brande  & C.</au>



<hw>Ho"bit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Howitzer</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small mortar

on a gun carriage, in use before the howitzer.</def>



<hw>Hob"nail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[1st <ets>hob

+ nail</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A short, sharp-pointed,

large-headed nail, -- used in shoeing houses and for studding the

soles of heavy shoes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A clownish person; a rustic.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>Hobnail liver</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease in

which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with projections

like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the

liver.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hob"nail`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tread down roughly,

as with hobnailed shoes.</def>



<q>Your rights and charters <qex>hobnailed</qex> into slush.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Hob"nailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See with

hobnails, as a shoe.</def>



<hw>Hob"nob`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>habban</ets> to have + <ets>habban</ets> to have not;

<ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>habban</ets> to have. See <er>Have</er>,

and cf. <er>Habnab</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Have or have

not; -- a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>At random; hit or miss. (Obs.)</def>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<hw>Hob"nob`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hornobbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hornobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

drink familiarly (with another).</def> <altsp>[ Written also

<asp>hob-a-nob</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To associate familiarly; to be on intimate

terms.</def>



<hw>Hob"nob`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Familiar, social

intercourse.</def>



<au>W. Black.</au>



<hw>Hob"or*nob`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hobnob</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho"boy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hautboy or

oboe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hob"son's choice"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A choice without an

alternative; the thing offered or nothing.</def>



<note><hand/ It is said to have had its origin in the name of one

<xex>Hobson</xex>, at Cambridge, England, who let horses, and

required every customer to take in his turn the horse which stood

next the stable door.</note>



<hw>Hoc"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The crested curassow; -- called also <altname>royal

pheasant</altname>. See <er>Curassow</er>.</def>



<hw>Hoche"pot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hotchpot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from

<ets>Hoch</ets>heim, in Germany.]</ety> <def>A Rhenish wine, of a

light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also

given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.</def>



<mhw><hw>Hock</hw>, <hw>Hough</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[ AS. <ets>h<?/h</ets> the heel; prob. akin to

Icel. <ets>h\'besinn</ets> hock sinew, Dan. <ets>hasc</ets>, G.

<ets>hechse</ets>, <ets>h\'84chse</ets>, LG. <ets>hacke</ets>,

D.<ets>hak</ets>; also to L. <ets>coxa</ets> hip (cf.

<er>Cuisses</er>), Skr. <ets>kaksha</ets> armpit. <root/12. Cf.

<er>Heel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The joint in

the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank, or tibia

and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from

either the front or hind leg, just above the foot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The popliteal space; the ham.</def>



<hw>Hock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To disable by cutting the

tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.</def>



<hw>Hock"a*more</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Hock</er>.]</ety> <def>A Rhenish wine. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

See <er>Hock</er>.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Hock"day`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>h<omac/cor</ets> mockery, scorn.]</ety> <def>A holiday

commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly observed on

the second Tuesday after Easter; -- called also

<altname>hocktide</altname>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>hokeday</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hock"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hook</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A game in

which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved or hooked

at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or a bit

of wood) toward opposite goals.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The stick used by the players.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>hookey</asp> and

<asp>hawkey</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hock"herb`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The mallow.</def>



<hw>Hoc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hockled</er><pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hockling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From 2d <er>Hock</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To hamstring; to hock; to hough.</def>



<au>Hanmer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mow, as stubble.</def>



<au>Mason.</au>



<hw>Ho"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hocus-pocus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deceive or

cheat.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adulterate; to drug; <as>as, liquor is said

to be <ex>hocused</ex> for the purpose of stupefying the

drinker</as>.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To stupefy with drugged liquor.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Ho"cus</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who cheats or

deceives.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Drugged liquor.</def>



<hw>Ho"cus*po"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

invented by jugglers in imitation of Latin. Cf. <er>Hoax</er>,

<er>Hocus</er> .]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A term used by jugglers

in pretended incantations.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A juggler or trickster.</def>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Ho"cus*po"cus</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cheat.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Hod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E. for

<ets>hold</ets>, <it>i. e</it>., that which holds.  See

<er>Hold</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of wooden tray with

a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A utensil for holding coal; a coal

scuttle.</def>



<hw>Hod"den*gray`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Perh.

akin to E. <ets>hoiden</ets> rustic, clownish.]</ety>

<def>Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn

by Scotch peasants.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Hod"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. for

<ets>hooded</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<cref>Dun crow</cref>, under <er>Dun</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Hod"dy*dod`dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. E.

also <ets>hoddypeke</ets>, <ets>hoddypoule</ets>,

<ets>hoddymandoddy</ets>.]</ety> <def>An awkward or foolish

person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Hodge"podge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mixed

mass; a medley. See <er>Hotchpot</er>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Hodg`kin's dis*ease"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A morbid condition characterized by progressive an\'91mia

and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by

Dr. <xex>Hodgkin</xex>, an English physician.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho"di*ern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ho`di*er"nal</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hodiernus</ets>, fr. <ets>hodie</ets> today.]</ety> <def>Of

this day; belonging to the present day.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Boyle. Quart. Rev.</au>



<hw>Hod"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hodmen</plw>(<?/).</plu> <def>A man who carries a hod; a

mason's tender.</def>



<hw>Hod"man*dod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Dodman</er>.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Hod"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/

path + <ets>graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A curve

described by the moving extremity of a line the other end of

which is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the

direction of motion of, and having its length constantly

proportional to the velocity of, a point moving in any path;

-used in investigations respecting central forces.</def>



<hw>Ho*dom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Odometer</er>.</def>



<hw>Hoe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>hoe</ets>, F. <ets>houe</ets>; of German origin, cf. OHG.

<ets>houwa</ets>, <ets>howa</ets>, G. <ets>haue</ets>, fr. OHG.

<ets>houwan</ets> to hew. See <er>Hew</er> to cut.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and

arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is

made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by

which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horned or piked

dogfish. See <er>Dogfish</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Dutch hoe</col>, <cd>one having the blade set for use in

the manner of a spade.</cd> -- <col>Horse hoe</col>, <cd>a kind

of cultivator.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hoe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hoed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hoeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>houer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange,

or clean, with a hoe; <as>as, to <ex>hoe</ex> the earth in a

garden</as>; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange

the earth about, with a hoe; <as>as, to <ex>hoe</ex>

corn</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To hoe one's row</col>, <cd>to do one's share of a job.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Hoe</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use a hoe; to labor with a

hoe.</def>



<hw>Hoe"cake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cake of

Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire or in the

ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe.</def>

<mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Hoe"moth`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A local

Orkney name; cf. Icel.<ets>h\'ber</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The basking or liver shark; -- called

also <altname>homer</altname>. See <cref>Liver shark</cref>,

under <er>Liver</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[AS.<ets>hogful</ets>, <ets>hohful</ets>, fr.

<ets>hogu</ets> care, anxiety.]</ety> <def>Careful; wary.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Stapleton.</au>



<hw>Hog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. akin to E.

<ets>hack</ets> to cut, and meaning orig., a castrated boar; cf.

also W. <ets>hwch</ets> swine, sow, Armor. <ets>houc'h</ets>,

<ets>hoc'h</ets>. Cf. <er>Haggis</er>, <er>Hogget</er>, and

<er>Hoggerel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A quadruped of the genus <spn>Sus</spn>, and allied genera

of <spn>Suid\'91</spn>; esp., the domesticated varieties of

<spn>S. scrofa</spn>, kept for their fat and meat, called,

respectively, <xex>lard</xex> and <xex>pork</xex>; swine; porker;

specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow.</def>



<note><hand/ The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of

Southern Europe, are thought to have been derived from <spn>Sus

Indicus</spn>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow.</def>

<mark>[Low.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A young sheep that has not been shorn.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rough, flat scrubbing broom

for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>(Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring

the pulp of which paper is made.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Bush hog</col>, <col>Ground hog</col>,

<col>etc</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bush</er>,

<er>Ground</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hog caterpillar</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the green grapevine

sphinx; -- so called because the head and first three segments

are much smaller than those behind them, so as to make a

resemblance to a hog's snout. See <er>Hawk moth</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hog cholera</col>, <cd>an epidemic contagious fever of

swine, attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance

on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a

scarlet, purple, or black color.</cd> It is fatal in from one to

six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery. <au>Law

(Farmer's Veter. Adviser. )</au>-- <col>Hog deer</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the axis deer.</cd> -- <col>Hog

gum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>West Indian tree (<spn>Symphonia

globulifera</spn>), yielding an aromatic gum.</cd> -- <col>Hog of

wool</col>, <cd>the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of

the second year.</cd> -- <col>Hog peanut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a kind of earth pea.</cd> -- <col>Hog plum</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical tree, of the genus

<spn>Spondias</spn> (<spn>S. lutea</spn>), with fruit somewhat

resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the

West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Hog's bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the plant henbane.</cd> -- <col>Hog's

bread</col>.<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sow bread</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hog's fennel</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Fennel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mexican hog</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the peccary.</cd> -- <col>Water

hog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Capybara</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hog</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hogged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hogging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut short like

bristles; <as>as, to <ex>hog</ex> the mane of a horse</as>.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To scrub with a hog, or

scrubbing broom.</def>



<hw>Hog</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To become

bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; -- said of a ship

broken or strained so as to have this form.</def>



<hw>Hog"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An upward curve or very obtuse angle in

the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid

horizontally; -- the opposite of <xex>camber</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hogframe</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A ridge formed by tilted

strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping

sides.</def>



<hw>Hog"chain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chain or

tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent the vessel from

hogging.</def>



<hw>Hog"chok`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American sole (<spn>Achirus

lineatus</spn>, <spn>or A. achirus</spn>), related to the

European sole, but of no market value.</def>



<hw>Hog"cote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shed for

swine; a sty.</def>



<hw>Hog"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large West Indian and

Florida food fish (<spn>Lachnol\'91mus</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The pigfish or sailor's choice.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An

American fresh-water fish; the log perch.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>

<def>A large, red, spiny-headed, European marine fish

(<spn>Scorp\'91na scrofa</spn>).</def>



<hw>Hog"frame`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Steam

Vessels)</fld> <def>A trussed frame extending fore and aft,

usually above deck, and intended to increase the longitudinal

strength and stiffness. Used chiefly in American river and lake

steamers. Called also <altname>hogging frame</altname>, and

<altname>hogback</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hogged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the

ends. See <er>Hog</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>



<hw>Hog"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stocking

without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.</def>



<hw>Hog"ger*el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

same source as <ets>hog</ets>; prob. orig., a sheep clipped the

first year. See <er>Hog</er>.]</ety> <def>A sheep of the second

year. <altsp>[Written also <asp>hogrel</asp>.]</altsp>

<xex>Ash</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hog"ger*pipe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The upper terminal pipe of a mining

pump.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<-- p. 698 -->



<hw>Hog"ger-pump"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The for pump in the pit.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Hog"ger*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hoggish

character or manners; selfishness; greed; beastliness.</def>



<q>Crime and shame

And all their <qex>hoggery</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Hog"get</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See Hog, and

<er>Hoggerel</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A young boar of the second year.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first

year.</def>



<hw>Hog"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Drooping at the ends; arching;-in distinction from

<xex>sagging</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Hogging frame</col>. <cd>See

<er>Hogframe</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hog"gish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swinish;

gluttonous; filthy; selfish.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hog"gish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hog"gish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Is not a <qex>hoggish</qex> life the height of some men's

wishes?</q>

<qau>Shaftesbury.</qau>



<hw>Hogh</hw> <pr>(h<omac/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>haugr</ets> hill, mound; akin to E. <ets>high</ets>. See

<er>High</er>.]</ety> <def>A hill; a cliff.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hog"herd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

swineherd.</def>



<au>W. Browne.</au>



<hw>Hog`ma*nay"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The old

name, in Scotland, for the last day of the year, on which

children go about singing, and receive a dole of bread or cakes;

also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor, or the

gift given to an applicant.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Hog"nose`snake"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A harmless North American snake of the genus

<spn>Heterodon</spn>, esp. <spn>H. platyrhynos</spn>; -- called

also <altname>puffing adder</altname>, <altname>blowing

adder</altname>, and <altname>sand viper</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hog"nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pignut</def>. See <er>Hickory</er>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In England, the <spn>Bunium flexuosum</spn>, a

tuberous plant.</def>



<hw>Ho"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted from

F. <ets>haut go\'96t</ets>.]</ety> <def>High flavor; strong

scent</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Hog"pen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pen or sty

for hogs.</def>



<hw>Hog"reeve`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Reeve</er>.]</ety> <def>A civil officer charged with the duty

of impounding hogs running at large.</def> <mark>[New

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Hog"ring`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

puts rings into the snouts of hogs.</def>



<hw>Hog's"-back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A hogback.</def>



<hw>Hog"score`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Curling)</fld> <def>A distance lime brawn

across the rink or course between the middle line and the

tee.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Hogs"head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>okshoofd</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>oxhufvud</ets>, Dan.

<ets>oxehoved</ets>, G. <ets>oxhoft</ets>; apparently meaning

orig., ox head, but it is not known why this name was given. Cf.

<er>Ox</er>, <er>Head</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An English

measure of capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52<?/

imperial gallons; a half pipe.</def>



<note><hand/ The London hogshead of beer was 54 beer gallons, the

London hogshead of ale was 48 ale gallons. Elsewhere in England

the ale and beer hogsheads held 51 gallons. These measures are no

longer in use, except for cider.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents;

esp. one containing from 100 to 140 gallons.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Hog"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Leather

tanned from a hog's skin. Also used adjectively.</def>



<hw>Hog"sty`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hogsties</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A pen, house, or

inclosure, for hogs.</def>



<hw>Hog"wash`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Swill.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Hog"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A common weed (<spn>Ambrosia

artemisi\'91ge</spn>). See <er>Ambrosia</er>, 3.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In England, the <spn>Heracleum

Sphondylium</spn>.</def>



<hw>Hoi"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hoydon</ets> a lout, rustic, OD. <ets>heyden</ets> a

heathen, gypsy, vagabond, D. <ets>heiden</ets>, fr. OD.

<ets>heyde</ets> heath, D. <ets>heide</ets>. See

<er>Heathen</er>, <er>Heath</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hoyden</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rude, clownish

youth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rude, bold girl; a romp.</def>



<au>H. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Hoi"den</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rustic; rude; bold.</def>



<au>Younq.</au>



<hw>Hoi"den</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To romp rudely or

indecently.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hoi"den*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of

being a hoiden.</def>



<hw>Hoi"den*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like, or appropriate to,

a hoiden.</def>



<hw>Hoise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hoist</er>.]</ety> <def>To hoist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They . . . <qex>hoised</qex> up the mainsail to the wind.</q>

<qau>Acts xxvii. 40.</qau>



<hw>Hoist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hoisted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Hoisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hoise</ets>, <ets>hyse</ets>, OD. <ets>hyssen</ets>, D.

<ets>hijshen</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>hissen</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hisse</ets>, Sw. <ets>hissa</ets>.]</ety> <def>To raise; to

lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a desired elevation,

by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy package or

weight.</def>



<q>They land my goods, and <qex>hoist</qex> my flying sails.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q><qex>Hoisting</qex> him into his father's throne.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<cs><col>Hoisting engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine for operating

a hoist.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hoist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That by which

anything is hoisted; the apparatus for lifting goods.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of hoisting; a lift.</def>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>(<?/)(<?/) The perpendicular height of a flag,

as opposed to the <xex>fly</xex>, or horizontal length when

flying from a staff. <sd>(b)</sd> The height of a fore-and-aft

sail next the mast or stay.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<cs><col>Hoist bridge</col>, <cd>a drawbridge that is lifted

instead of being swung or drawn aside.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hoist</hw>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Hoisted.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>'Tis the sport to have the enginer

Hoist with his own petar.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hoist"a*way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

mechanical lift. See <er>Elevator</er>.</def>



<hw>Hoist"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An opening

for the hoist, or <?/levator, in the floor of a wareroom.</def>



<hw>Hoit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Gf. W.

<ets>hoetian</ets> to dally, dandle.]</ety> <def>To leap; to

caper; to romp noisily. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Hoi"ty-toi`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hoit</er>.]</ety> <def>Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also,

haughty; patronizing; <as>as, to be in <ex>hoity-toity</ex>

spirits, or to assume <ex>hoity-toity</ex> airs</as>; used also

as an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some

degree of contempt.</def>



<q><qex>Hoity-toity</qex>! What have I to do with dreams?</q>

<qau>Congreve.</qau>



<hw>Hoke"day`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hockday</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<?/cor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Scorn; derision; abusive

talk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ho"ker*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <def>Whole.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hoi`as*pid"e*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo-</ets> + Gr.<?/, <?/, shield.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a single series of large scutes

on the posterior side of the tarsus; -- said of certain

birds.</def>



<hw>Hol"cad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>'olka`s</grk>, <grk>-a`dos</grk>, a ship which is towed, a

ship of burden, fr. <grk>'e`lkein</grk> to draw. Gf.

<er>Hulk</er>.]</ety> <def>A large ship of burden, in ancient

Greece</def>.



<au>Mitford.</au>



<hw>Hold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>hol</ets>

hole, hollow. See <er>Hole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck,

in which the cargo is stowed.</def>



<hw>Hold</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Held</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Holding</er>. <er>Holden</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>p.

p.</pos>, is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal

language.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>haldan</ets>, D.

<ets>houden</ets>, OHG. <ets>hoten</ets>, Icel. <ets>halda</ets>,

Dan. <ets>holde</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'86lla</ets>, <ets>Goth</ets>.

<ets>haldan</ets> to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown origin.

Gf. <er>Avast</er>, <er>Halt</er>, <er>Hod</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to remain in a given situation,

position, or relation, within certain limits, or the like; to

prevent from falling or escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to

keep in the grasp; to retain.</def>



<q>The loops <qex>held</qex> one curtain to another.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxxvi. 12.</qau>



<q>Thy right hand shall <qex>hold</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxxxix. 10. </qau>



<q>They all <qex>hold</qex> swords, being expert in war.</q>

<qau>Cant. iii. <?/</qau>



<q>In vain he seeks, that having can not <qex>hold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>France, thou mayst <qex>hold</qex> a serpent by the tongue, .

. . 

A fasting tiger safer by the tooth,

Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost <qex>hold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To retain in one's keeping; to maintain

possession of, or authority over; not to give up or relinquish;

to keep; to defend.</def>



<q>We mean to <qex>hold</qex> what anciently we claim

Of deity or empire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to

occupy; to derive title to; <as>as, to <ex>hold

office</ex></as>.</def>



<q>This noble merchant <qex>held</qex> a noble house.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Of him to <qex>hold</qex> his seigniory for a yearly

tribute.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<q>And now the strand, and now the plain, they

<qex>held</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or

action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to

restrain.</def>



<q>We can not <qex>hold</qex> mortality's strong hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Death! what do'st? O,<qex>hold</qex> thy blow.</q>

<qau>Grashaw.</qau>



<q>He hat not sufficient judgment and self-command to

<qex>hold</qex> his tongue.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to

prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to

sustain.</def>



<q><qex>Hold</qex> not thy peace, and be not still.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxxiii. 1.</qau>



<q>Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost,

Shall <qex>hold</qex> their course.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as

something which is the result of united action; as to,

<xex>hold</xex> a meeting, a festival, a session, etc.; hence, to

direct and bring about officially; to conduct or preside at;

<as>as, the general <ex>held</ex> a council of war; a judge

<ex>holds</ex> a court; a clergyman <ex>holds</ex> a

service.</as></def>



<q>I would <qex>hold</qex> more talk with thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel;

<as>as, this pail <ex>holds</ex> milk</as>; hence, to be able to

receive and retain; to have capacity or containing power

for.</def>



<q>Broken cisterns that can <qex>hold</qex> no water.</q>

<qau>Jer. ii. 13.</qau>



<q>One sees more devils than vast hell can <qex>hold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of,

openly or privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to

sustain.</def>



<q>Stand fast and <qex>hold</qex> the traditions which ye have

been taught.</q>

<qau>2 Thes. ii.15.</qau>



<q>But still he <qex>held</qex> his purpose to depart.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account;

to think; to judge.</def>



<q>I <qex>hold</qex> him but a fool.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I shall never <qex>hold</qex> that man my friend.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The Lord will not <qex>hold</qex> him guiltless that taketh

his name in vain.</q>

<qau>Ex. xx. 7. </qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To bear, carry, or manage; <as>as he

<ex>holds</ex> himself erect; he <ex>holds</ex> his head

high.</as></def>



<q>Let him <qex>hold</qex> his fingers thus.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To hold a wager</col>, <cd>to lay or hazard a wager.

<au>Swift</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hold forth</col>, <cd>to offer;

to exhibit; to propose; to put forward. \'bdThe propositions

which books <xex>hold forth<xex> and pretend to teach.\'b8

<au>Locke</au>.</cd> -- <col>To held in</col>, <cd>to restrain;

to curd.</cd> -- <col>To hold in hand</col>, <cd>to toy with; to

keep in expectation; to have in one's power.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>



<q>O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods,

And <qex>hold</qex> a lady in <qex>hand</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beaw. & Fl.</qau>



--<col>To hold in play</col>, <cd>to keep under control; to dally

with. <au>Macaulay</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hold off</col>, <cd>to

keep at a distance.</cd> -- <col>To hold on</col>, <cd>to hold in

being, continuance or position; as, <xex>to hold</xex> a rider

<xex>on</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To hold one's day</col>, <cd>to keep

one's appointment. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> --

<col>To hold one's own</col>. <-- Note! There is no (b) in the

original --><sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To keep good one's present condition

absolutely or relatively; not to fall off, or to lose ground; as,

a ship <xex>holds her own</xex> when she does not lose ground in

a race or chase; a man <xex>holds his own</xex> when he does not

lose strength or weight.</cd> -- <col>To hold one's peace</col>,

<cd>to keep silence.</cd>- <col>To hold out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To extend; to offer.</cd> \'bdFortune <xex>holds out</xex>

these to you as rewards.\'b8 <au>B. Jonson</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To continue to do or to suffer; to endure. \'bdHe can not

long <xex>hold out</xex> these pangs.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.</cd> --

<col>To hold up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To raise; to lift; as,

<xex>hold up</xex> your head.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To support;

to sustain.</cd> \'bdHe <xex>holds</xex> himself <xex>up</xex> in

virtue.\'b8<au>Sir P. Sidney</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To exhibit;

to display; as, he was <xex>held up</xex> as an example.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To rein in; to check; to halt; as, <xex>hold

up</xex> your horses.</cd> -- <col>To hold water</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Literally, to retain water without leaking;

hence (<mark>Fig</mark>.), to be whole, sound, consistent,

without gaps or holes; -- commonly used in a negative sense; as,

his statements will not <xex>hold water</xex>.

<mark>[Collog.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<cd>To hold the oars steady in the water, thus checking the

headway of a boat.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hold</hw>, <pos>n. i.</pos> <def>In general, to keep one's

self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed.

Hence:</def>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Not to more; to halt; to stop;-mostly in the

imperative.</def>



<q>And damned be him that first cries, \'bd<qex>Hold</qex>,

enough!\'b8</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not to give way; not to part or become

separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued.</def>



<q>Our force by land hath nobly <qex>held</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to

last; to endure a test or trial; to abide; to persist.</def>



<q>While our obedience <qex>holds</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The rule <qex>holds</qex> in land as all other

commodities.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to

remain attached; to cleave;-often with <xex>with</xex>,

<xex>to</xex>, or <xex>for</xex>.</def>



<q>He will <qex>hold</qex> to the one and despise the other.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 24</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To restrain one's self; to refrain.</def>



<q>His dauntless heart would fain have <qex>held</qex>

From weeping, but his eyes rebelled.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To derive right or title; -- generally with

<xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>My crown is absolute, and <qex>holds</qex> of none.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>His imagination <qex>holds</qex> immediately from nature.</q>

<qau>Hazlitt.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Hold on!</col> <col>Hold up!</col> <cd>wait; stop;

forbear.</cd> <mark>[Collog]</mark> -- <col>To hold

forth</col></mcol>, <cd>to speak in public; to harangue; to

preach. <au>L'Estrange</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hold in</col>,

<cd>to restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and could

hardly <xex>hold in<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To hold off</col>, <cd>to

keep at a distance.</cd> -- <col>To hold on</col>, <cd>to keep

fast hold; to continue; to go on. \'bdThe trade <xex>held on<xex>

for many years,\'b8 <au>Swift</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hold

out</col>, <cd>to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's

self; not to yield or give way.</cd> -- <col>To hold over</col>,

<cd>to remain in office, possession, etc., beyond a certain

date.</cd> -- <col>To hold to <or/ with</col>, <cd>to take sides

with, as a person or opinion.</cd> -- <col>To hold

together</col>, <cd>to be joined; not to separate; to remain in

union. <au>Dryden</au>. <au>Locke</au>.</cd> -- <col>To hold

up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To support one's self; to remain

unbent or unbroken; as, to <xex>hold up<xex> under

misfortunes.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cease raining; to cease to

stop; as, it <xex>holds up<xex>. <au>Hudibras</au>.</cd>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To keep up; not to fall behind; not to lose

ground. <au>Collier</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms; the manner of

holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp; gripe;

possession; -- often used with the verbs <xex>take</xex> and

<xex>lay</xex>.</def>



<q>Ne have I not twelve pence within mine <qex>hold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Thou should'st lay <qex>hold</qex> upon him.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>My soul took <qex>hold</qex> on thee.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Take fast <qex>hold</qex> of instruction.</q>

<qau>Pror. iv. 13.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The authority or ground to take or keep;

claim.</def>



<q>The law hath yet another <qex>hold</qex> on you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Binding power and influence.</def>



<q>Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest <qex>hold

of</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Something that may be grasped; means of

support.</def>



<q>If a man be upon an high place without rails or good

<qex>hold</qex>, he is ready to fall.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A place of confinement; a prison; confinement;

custody; guard.</def>



<q>They . . . put them in <qex>hold</qex> unto the next day.</q>

<qau>Acts. iv. 3.</qau>



<q>King Richard, he is in the mighty <qex>hold</qex>

Of Bolingbroke.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A place of security; a fortified place; a fort;

a castle; -- often called a <altname>stronghold</altname>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>New comers in an ancient <qex>hold</qex></q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A character [thus <?/] placed

over or under a note or rest, and indicating that it is to be

prolonged; -- called also <altname>pause</altname>, and

<altname>corona</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hold"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle.</def>



<q>The only <qex>holdback</qex> is the affection . . . that we

bear to our wealth.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The projection or loop on the thill of a

vehicle. to which a strap of the harness is attached, to hold

back a carriage when going down hill, or in backing; also, the

strap or part of the harness so used.</def>



<hw>Hold"er</hw>, <pr>(<?/)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is

employed in the hold of a vessel.</def>



<hw>Hold"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that

which, holds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who holds land, etc., under another; a

tenant.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The payee of a bill of

exchange or a promissory note, or the one who owns or holds

it.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Holder</xex> is much used as the second part of

a compound; as, share<xex>holder</xex>, office<xex>holder</xex>,

stock<xex>holder</xex>,etc.</note>



<hw>Hold"er-forth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

speaks in public; an haranguer; a preacher.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Hold"fast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Something used to secure and hold in place something else,

as a long fiat-headed nail, a catch a hook, a clinch, a clamp,

etc.; hence, a support.</def> \'bdHis <xex>holdfast</xex> was

gone.\'b8



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A conical or branching body,

by which a seaweed is attached to its support, and differing from

a root in that it is not specially absorbent of moisture.</def>



<hw>Hold"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tenure; a farm or other estate held of

another.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which holds, binds, or influences.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The burden or chorus of a song.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Holding note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a note

sustained in one part, while the other parts move.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Whole.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hole</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hol</ets>,

<ets>hole</ets>, <ets>AS</ets>. <ets>hol</ets>, hole, cavern,

from <ets>hol</ets>, a., <ets>hollow</ets>; <ets>akin to D</ets>.

<ets>hol</ets>, OHG. <ets>hol</ets>, G. <ets>hohl</ets>,

Dan.<ets>huul</ets> hollow, <ets>hul</ets> hole, Sw.

<ets>h\'86l</ets>, Icel. <ets>hola</ets>; prob. from the root of

AS. <ets>helan</ets> to conceal. See <er>Hele</er>,

<er>Hell</er>, and cf. <er>Hold</er> of a ship.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit;

an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a

perforation; a rent; a fissure.</def>



<q>The <qex>holes</qex> where eyes should be.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The blind walls

Were full of chinks and <qex>holes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>The priest took a chest, and bored a <qex>hole</qex> in the

lid.</q>

<qau>2 Kings xii. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An excavation in the ground, made by an animal

to live in, or a natural cavity inhabited by an animal; hence, a

low, narrow, or dark lodging or place; a mean habitation.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>The foxes have <qex>holes</qex>, . . . but the Son of man hath

not where to lay his head.</q>

<qau>Luke ix. 58.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Hollow; concavity; aperture; rent; fissure; crevice;

orifice; interstice; perforation; excavation; pit; cave; den;

cell.</syn>



<cs><col>Hole and corner</col>, <cd>clandestine, underhand.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdThe wretched trickery of

<xex>hole</xex> and <xex>corner</xex> buffery. \'bd

<au>Dickens</au>. -- <col>Hole board</col> <fld>(Fancy

Weaving)</fld>, <cd>a board having holes through which cords pass

which lift certain warp threads; -- called also <altname>compass

board</altname>.</cd></cs>





<-- p. 699 -->



<hw>Hole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>holian</ets>. See <er>Hole</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in; <as>as,

to <ex>hole</ex> a post for the insertion of rails or

bars</as>.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a

billiard ball.</def>



<hw>Hole</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go or get into a

hole.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Hol*eth"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a holethnos or parent race.</def>



<q>The <qex>holethnic</qex> history of the Arians.</q>

<qau>London Academy.</qau>



<hw>Hol*eth"nos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <?/ race.]</ety> <def>A parent stock

or race of people, not yet divided into separate branches or

tribes.</def>



<hw>Hol"i*but</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Halibut</er>.</def>



<hw>Hol"i*dam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Halidom</er>.</def>



<hw>Hol"i*day</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holy</ets> + <ets>day</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

consecrated day; religious anniversary; a day set apart in honor

of some person, or in commemoration of some event. See

<er>Holyday</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A day of exemption from labor; a day of

amusement and gayety; a festival day.</def>



<q>And young and old come forth to play

On a sunshine <qex>holiday</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A day fixed by law for

suspension of business; a legal holiday.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States <xex>legal holidays</xex>, so

called, are determined by law, commonly by the statutes of the

several States. The holidays most generally observed are: the 22d

day of February (Washington's birthday), the 30th day of May

(Memorial day), the 4th day of July (Independence day), the 25th

day of December (Christmas day). In most of the States the 1st

day of January is a holiday. When any of these days falls on

Sunday, usually the Monday following is observed as the holiday.

In many of the States a day in the spring (as Good Friday, or the

first Thursday in April), and a day in the fall (as the last

Thursday in November) are now regularly appointed by Executive

proclamation to be observed, the former as a day of fasting and

prayer, the latter as a day of thanksgiving and are kept as

holidays. In England, the days of the greater church feasts

(designated in the calendar by a red letter, and commonly called

<xex>red-letter days</xex>) are observed as general holidays.

<xex>Bank holidays</xex> are those on which, by act of

Parliament, banks may suspend business. Although Sunday is a

holiday in the sense of a day when business is legally suspended,

it is not usually included in the general term, the phrase

\'bdSundays and holidays\'b8 being more common.</note>



<cs><col>The holidays</col>, <cd>any fixed or usual period for

relaxation or festivity; especially, Christmas and New Year's day

with the intervening time.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hol`i*day</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to a festival; cheerful; joyous; gay.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Occurring rarely; adapted for a special

occasion.</def>



<q>Courage is but a <qex>holiday</qex> kind of virtue, to be

seldom exercised.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Ho"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Holy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Piously; with sanctity; in

a holy manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sacredly; inviolably.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ho"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<amac/lignes</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or

quality of being holy; perfect moral integrity or purity; freedom

from sin; sanctity; innocence.</def>



<q>Who is like thee, glorious in <qex>holiness</qex>!</q>

<qau>Ex. xv. 11.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being hallowed, or consecrated to

God or to his worship; sacredness.</def>



<q>Israel was <qex>holiness</qex> unto the Lord.</q>

<qau>Jer.ii.3.</qau>



<cs><col>His holiness</col>, <cd>a title of the pope; -- formerly

given also to Greek bishops and Greek emperors.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Piety; devotion; godliness; sanctity; sacredness;

righteousness.</syn>



<hw>Hol"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hole</er> a hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>Undercutting in a bed of coal, in order to bring down the

upper mass.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Hol"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hola</ets>; <ets>ho</ets> ho + <ets>l\'85</ets> there, fr.

L. <ets>illac</ets> that way, there. Cf. <er>Hollo</er>.]</ety>

<def>Hollo.</def>



<hw>Hol"la</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hollaed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &  vb. 

n.</pos> <er>Hollaing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>See <er>Hollo</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos></def>



<hw>Hol"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen fabric used for

window shades, children's garments, etc.; <as>as, brown or

unbleached <ex>hollands</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hol"land*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown

brick, which will not absorb water; -- called also,

<altname>Dutch clinker</altname>.</def>



<au>Wagner.</au>



<hw>Hol"land*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to Holland;

Dutch.</def>



<hw>Hol"lands</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Gin made in Holland.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>See <er>Holland</er>.</def>



<hw>Hol*lo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj. & n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Halloo</er>, and cf. <er>Holla</er>.]</ety> <def>Ho there;

stop; attend; hence, a loud cry or a call to attract attention; a

halloo.</def>



<q>And every day, for food or play,

Came to the mariner's <qex>hollo</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Hol"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Holloed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Holloing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Hollo</er>,

<ets>intery</ets>., and cf. <er>Halloo</er>.]</ety> <def>To call

out or exclaim; to halloo.</def>



<hw>Hol*loa"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>, <pos>n. & v.

i.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Hollo</er>.</def>



<hw>Hol"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>holow</ets>, <ets>holgh</ets>, <ets>holf</ets>, AS.

<ets>holh</ets> a hollow, hole. Cf. <er>Hole</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having an empty space or cavity, natural or

artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; excavated in the

interior; <as>as, a <ex>hollow</ex> tree; a <ex>hollow</ex>

sphere.</as></def>



<q><qex>Hollow</qex> with boards shalt thou make it.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxvii. 8..</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken.</def>



<q>With <qex>hollow</qex> eye and wrinkled brow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a

sound; deep; muffled; <as>as, a <ex>hollow</ex> roar</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not

sound; <as>as, a <ex>hollow</ex> heart; a <ex>hollow</ex>

friend.</as></def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>Hollow newel</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an opening in

the center of a winding staircase in place of a newel post, the

stairs being supported by the wall; an open newel; also, the

stringpiece or rail winding around the well of such a

staircase.</cd> -- <col>Hollow quoin</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>,

<cd>a pier of stone or brick made behind the lock gates of a

canal, and containing a hollow or recess to receive the ends of

the gates.</cd> -- <col>Hollow root</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Moschatel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hollow square</col>.

<cd>See <er>Square</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hollow ware</col>,

<cd>hollow vessels; -- a trade name for cast-iron kitchen

utensils, earthenware, etc.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn.- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false;

faithless; deceitful; treacherous.</syn>



<hw>Hol"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space within anything;

a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the <xex>hollow</xex> of the

hand or of a tree.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed

part of a surface; a concavity; a channel.</def>



<q>Forests grew

Upon the barren <qex>hollows</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<q>I hate the dreadful <qex>hollow</qex> behind the little

wood.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Hol"low</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hollowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hollowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make hollow, as

by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate.</def> \'bdTrees

rudely <xex>hollowed</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hol"low</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Wholly; completely;

utterly; -- chiefly after the verb <xex>to beat</xex>, and often

with <xex>all</xex>; <as>as, this story beats the other all

<ex>hollow</ex></as>. See <er>All</er>, <pos>adv.</pos></def>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<q>The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the

Turks <qex>hollow</qex> in the struggle for existence.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Hol*low"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hollo</er>.]</ety> <def>Hollo.</def>



<hw>Hol"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shout; to

hollo.</def>



<q>Whisperings and <qex>hollowings</qex> are alike to a deaf

ear.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Hol"low</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To urge or call by

shouting.</def>



<q>He has <qex>hollowed</qex> the hounds.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott. </qau>



<hw>Hol"low-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true; having a cavity or

decayed spot within.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Faithless; dishonest; false; treacherous.</syn>



<hw>Hol"low-horned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having permanent horns with a bony

core, as cattle.</def>



<hw>Hol"low*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Insincerely;

deceitfully.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hol"low*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>State of

being hollow.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Insincerity; unsoundness; treachery.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Hol"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Wholly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hol"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE

<ets>holi</ets>, <ets>holin</ets>, AS. <ets>holen</ets>,

<ets>holegn</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>hulst</ets>, OHG.

<ets>huls hulis</ets>, W. <ets>celyn</ets>, Armor.

<ets>kelen</ets>, Gael. <ets>cuilionn</ets>, Ir.

<ets>cuileann</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Holm</er>,

<er>Hulver</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree

or shrub of the genus <spn>Ilex</spn>. The European species

(<spn>Ilex Aguifolium</spn>) is best known, having glossy green

leaves, with a spiny, waved edge, and bearing berries that turn

red or yellow about Michaelmas.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>holly</xex> is much used to adorn churches

and houses, at Christmas time, and hence is associated with

scenes of good will and rejoicing. It is an evergreen tree, and

has a finegrained, heavy, white wood. Its bark is used as a

febrifuge, and the berries are violently purgative and emetic.

The American holly is the <spn>Ilex opaca</spn>, and is found

along the coast of the United States, from Maine

southward.</note>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The holm oak. See 1st

<er>Holm</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Holly-leaved oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the black

scrub oak. See <er>Scrub oak</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holly rose</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow

flowers (<spn>Turnera ulmifolia</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sea

holly</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of Eryngium. See

<er>Eryngium</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hol"ly*hock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>holihoc</ets>; <ets>holi holy + hoc</ets> mallow, AS.

<ets>hoc</ets>; cf. W. <ets>hocys</ets> mallows, <ets>hocys

bendigaid</ets> hollyhock, lit., blessed mallow. Prob. so named

because brought from the Holy Land. See <er>Holy</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Alth\'91a (<spn>A.

rosea</spn>), bearing flowers of various colors; -- called also

<altname>rose mallow</altname>.</def>



<hw>Holm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., prob. from

AS. <ets>holen</ets> holly; as the holly is also called

<ets>holm</ets>.  See <er>Holly</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A common evergreen oak, of Europe (<spn>Quercus Ilex</spn>);

-- called also <altname>ilex</altname>, and

<altname>holly</altname>.</def>



<hw>Holm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>holm</ets>, usually meaning, sea, water; akin to Icel.

<ets>h<omac/lmr</ets>, <ets>holmr</ets>, an island, Dan.

<ets>holm</ets>, Sw. <ets>holme</ets>, G. <ets>holm</ets>, and

prob. to E. <ets>hill</ets>.  Cf. <er>Hill</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An islet in a river.</def>



<au>J. Brand.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Low, flat land.</def>



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<q>The soft wind blowing over meadowy <qex>holms</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Holm thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the missel

thrush.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Hol"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide of

holmium.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hol"mi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., of

uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element

said to be contained in gadolinite.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hol"mic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Hol"mos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr.<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek & Etrus. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A name

given to a vase having a rounded body</def>; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A closed vessel of nearly spherical form on a high stem or

pedestal</def>. <au>Fairholt</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drinking

cup having a foot and stem.</def>



<hw>Hol"o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form fr. Gr.

<grk>"o`los</grk> whole.</def>



<hw>Hol"o*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>an ovum composed entirely of germinal

matter. See <er>Meroblast</er>.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*blas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Undergoing complete segmentation;

composed entirely of germinal matter, the whole of the yolk

undergoing fission; -- opposed to <xex>meroblastic</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hol"o*caust</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>holocaustum</ets>, Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/, <?/, burnt whole;

<grk>"o'los</grk> whole + <grk>kaysto`s</grk> burnt, fr.

<grk>kai`ein</grk> to burn (cf. <er>Caustic</er>): cf. F.

<ets>holocauste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A burnt sacrifice;

an offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire, among the

Jews and some pagan nations.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the

burning of a theater or a ship. <note>[An extended use not

authorized by careful writers.]</note></def>



<hw>\'d8Hol`o*ceph"a*li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <?/ head.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of elasmobranch fishes,

including, among living species, only the chim\'91ras; -- called

also <altname>Holocephala</altname>. See <er>Chim\'91ra</er>;

also <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*cryp"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets>-+ <ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/</ets> to

conceal.]</ety> <def>Wholly or completely concealing; incapable

of being deciphered.</def>



<cs><col>Holocryptic cipher</col>, <cd>a cipher so constructed as

to afford no clew to its meaning to one ignorant of the

key.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hol`o*crys"tal*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + <ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Completely crystalline; -- said of a rock

like granite, all the constituents of which are

crystalline.</def>



<-- hologram. n. a photographic image giving the observer a

seemingly three-dimensional view of the represented object.  The

three-dimensional effect is produced by exposing a photographic

recording medium to an interference pattern generated by a

coherent beam of light (as from a laser) reflected from the

subject, interacting with a beam directly from the source.  The

full three-dimensional effect requires illumination of the image

with coherent light, but less perfect three-dimensional effects

may also be observed when the hologram is illuminated with white

light. -->



<hw>Hol"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>holographus</ets> entirely autograph, Gr.

<grk>"olo`grafos</grk>; <grk>"o`los</grk> whole +

<grk>gra`fein</grk> to write: cf. F. <ets>holographe</ets>,

<ets>olographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A document, as a letter, deed,

or will, wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it

proceeds and whose act it purports to be.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

nature of a holograph; pertaining to holographs.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*he"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr.<?/ seat, base, fr. <?/ to sit.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having all the planes required by

complete symmetry, -- in opposition to

<xex>hemihedral</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*hem`i*he"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo-</ets> + <ets>hemihedral</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Presenting hemihedral forms, in

which all the sectants have halt the whole number of

planes.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hol`o*me*tab"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Holo-</er>, and <er>Metabola</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those insects which have a complete

metamorphosis; metabola.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*met`a*bol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a complete metamorphosis;-said

of certain insects, as the butterflies and bees.</def>



<hw>Ho*lom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>holometre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for making of

angular measurements.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*phan"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <?/ visible, fr. <?/ to

appear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Holometabolic</er>.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*pho"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, light.]</ety>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Causing no loss of light; -- applied to

reflectors which throw back the rays of light without perceptible

loss.</def>



<hw>Hol"o*phote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lamp with

lenses or reflectors to collect the rays of light and throw them

in a given direction; -- used in lighthouses.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*phras"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <?/ to speak: cf. F.

<ets>holophrastique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing a phrase or

sentence in a single word, -- as is the case in the aboriginal

languages of America.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*phyt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr.<?/ a plant.]</ety> <def>Wholly or

distinctively vegetable.</def>



<cs><col>Holophytic nutrition</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <cd>that form

of nutrition, characteristic of vegetable organisms, in which

carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrates are absorbed as food, in

distinction from the animal mode of nutrition, by the ingestion

of albuminous matter.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hol`o*rhi"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr.<?/, nose.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Having the nasal bones contiguous.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*sid"er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + <ets>siderite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Meteoric iron; a meteorite consisting of

metallic iron without stony matter.</def>



<hw>Ho*los"te*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Holostei.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ho*los"te*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <?/ a bone.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of ganoids,

including the gar pike, bowfin, etc.; the bony ganoids. See

<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*ster"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr.<grk>stereo`s</grk> solid.]</ety>

<def>Wholly solid; -- said of a barometer constructed of solid

materials to show the variations of atmospheric pressure without

the use of liquids, as the aneroid.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hol`o*stom"a*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <grk>sto`ma</grk>,

<grk>-atos</grk>, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

artificial division of gastropods, including those that have an

entire aperture.</def>



<hw>Ho*los"to*mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Holostomatous</er>.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*stom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an entire aperture; -- said of

many univalve shells.</def>



<hw>Hol"o*stome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <grk>sto`ma</grk> mouth.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Holostomata.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ho*los"tra*ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ whole + <?/ shell of a testacean.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of phyllopod Crustacea,

including those that are entirely covered by a bivalve

shell.</def>



<hw>Hol"o*thure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>holothuria</ets>, pl., a sort of water polyp, Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A holothurian.</def>



<hw>Hol`o*thu"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>(<?/)

Belonging to the Holothurioidea.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>One of the Holothurioidea.</def></def2>



<note><hand/ Some of the species of Holothurians are called

<stype>sea cucumbers</stype>, <stype>sea slugs</stype>,

<stype>trepang</stype>, and <stype>b\'88che de m\'8ar</stype>.

Many are used as food, esp. by the Chinese. See

<er>Trepang</er>.</note>



<hw>\'d8Hol`o*thu`ri*oi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Holothure</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of

echinoderms.</def> <note>They have a more or less elongated body,

often flattened beneath, and a circle of tentacles, which are

usually much branched, surrounding the mouth; the skin is more or

less flexible, and usually contains calcareous plates of various

characteristic forms, sometimes becoming large and scalelike.

Most of the species have five bands (ambulacra) of sucker-bearing

feet along the sides; in others these are lacking. In one group

(Pneumonophora) two branching internal gills are developed; in

another (Apneumona) these are wanting. Called also

<altname>Holothurida</altname>, <altname>Holothuridea</altname>,

and <altname>Holothuroidea</altname>.</note>



<-- p. 700 -->





<-- p. 700  first paragraph, a portion of one starting on p. 699,

is moved to the previous file, W600-699. -->



<hw>\'d8\'d8Ho*lot"ri*cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ whole + <?/, <?/, a hair.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of ciliated Infusoria, having

cilia all over the body.</def>



<hw>Hol"our</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF.<ets>holier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A whoremonger.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Holp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hol"pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of <er>Help</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hol"som</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Wholesome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hol"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>holster</ets>; skin to AS. <ets>heolstor</ets> den, cave,

fr.<ets>helan</ets> to conceal, and to Icel. <ets>hulstr</ets>

case, Goth.<ets>hulistr</ets> covering, veil, <ets>huljan</ets>

to cover. <root/17. See <er>Hele</er> to cover, <er>Hell</er>,

and cf. <er>Housing</er>, <er>Houss</er>.]</ety> <def>A leather

case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow of his

saddle<--, or worn on the person suspended from a belt-->.</def>



<hw>Hol"stered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bearing

holsters.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Holt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>3d pers. sing. pres.</pos>

of <er>Hold</er>, contr. from <xex>holdeth</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Holt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>holt</ets>; akin to

LG.<ets>holt</ets>, D.<ets>hout</ets>, G. <ets>holz</ets>. Icel.

<ets>holt</ets>; cf Gael. & Ir.<ets>coill</ets> wood, Gr. <?/

branch, shoot.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of woodland;

especially, a woody hill.</def> \'bdEvery <xex>holt</xex> and

heath.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>She sent her voice though all the holt

Before her, and the park.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A deep hole in a river where there is protection

for fish; also, a cover, a hole, or hiding place.</def> \'bd The

fox has gone to <xex>holt</xex>.\'b8



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Hol"we</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hollow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ho"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Holier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Holiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>holi</ets>, <ets>hali</ets>, AS.<ets>h\'belig</ets>, fr.

<ets>h\'91l</ets> health, salvation, happiness, fr.

<ets>h\'bel</ets> whole, well; akin to OS. <ets>h<?/lag</ets>, D.

& G.<ets>heilig</ets>, OHG. <ets>heilac</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hellig</ets>, Sw. <ets>helig</ets>, Icel.

<ets>heilagr</ets>. See <er>Whole</er>, and cf. <er>Halibut</er>,

<er>Halidom</er>, <er>Hallow</er>, <er>Hollyhock</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Set apart to the service or worship of God;

hallowed; sacred; reserved from profane or common use;

<xex>holy</xex> vessels; a <xex>holy</xex> priesthood.</def>

\'bd<xex>Holy</xex> rites and solemn feasts.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired

innocence and virtue; free from sinful affections; pure in heart;

godly; pious; irreproachable; guiltless; acceptable to God.</def>



<q>Now through her round of <qex>holy</qex> thought

The Church our annual steps has brought.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<cs><col>Holy Alliance</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a league

ostensibly for conserving religion, justice, and peace in Europe,

but really for repressing popular tendencies toward

constitutional government, entered into by Alexander I. of

Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William III. of

Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and

subsequently joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the

pope and the king of England.</cd> -- <col>Holy bark</col>.

<cd>See <er>Cascara sagrada</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy

Communion</col>. <cd>See <er>Eucharist</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy

family</col> <fld>(Art)</fld>, <cd>a picture in which the infant

Christ, his parents, and others of his family are

represented.</cd> -- <col>Holy Father</col>, <cd>a title of the

pope.</cd> -- <col>Holy Ghost</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>,<cd>the

third person of the Trinity; the Comforter; the Paraclete.</cd>

-- <col>Holy Grail</col>. <cd>See <er>Grail</er>.</cd> --

<col>Holy grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a sweet-scented

grass (<spn>Hierochloa borealis</spn> and <spn>H. alpina</spn>).

In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before church

doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the

northern and western parts of the United States. Called also

<altname>vanilla, <or/ Seneca, grass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Holy

Innocents' day</col>, <cd>Childermas day.</cd> -- <col>Holy

Land</col>, <cd>Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity.</cd>

-- <col>Holy office</col>, <cd>the Inquisition.</cd> -- <col>Holy

of holies</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>the innermost apartment

of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and

where no person entered, except the high priest once a year.</cd>

-- <col>Holy One</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The Supreme Being; -- so

called by way of emphasis. \'bd The <xex>Holy One<xex> of

Israel.\'b8 <au>Is. xliii. 14</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One

separated to the service of God.</cd> -- <col>Holy orders</col>.

<cd>See <er>Order</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy rood</col>, <cd>the

cross or crucifix, particularly one placed, in churches. over the

entrance to the chancel.</cd> -- <col>Holy rope</col>, <cd>a

plant, the hemp agrimony.</cd> -- <col>Holy Saturday</col>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the Saturday immediately preceding the

festival of Easter; the vigil of Easter.</cd> -- <col>Holy

Spirit</col>, <cd>same as <cref>Holy Ghost</cref> (above).</cd>

-- <col>Holy Spirit plant</col>. <cd>See <er>Dove

plant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the blessed thistle. See under <er>Thistle</er>.</cd> --

<col>Holy Thursday</col>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Episcopal Ch.)</fld> <cd>Ascension day.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <cd>The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy

Thursday.</cd> -- <col>Holy war</col>, <cd>a crusade; an

expedition carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the

Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries,

for the possession of the holy places.</cd> -- <col>Holy

water</col> <fld>(Gr. & R. C. Churches)</fld>, <cd>water which

has been blessed by the priest for sacred purposes.</cd> --

<col>Holy-water stoup</col>, <cd>the stone stoup or font placed

near the entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy

water.</cd> -- <col>Holy Week</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the

week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is

commemorated.</cd> -- <col>Holy writ</col>, <cd>the sacred

Scriptures. \'bd Word of <xex>holy writ<xex>.\'b8

<au>Wordsworth</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ho"ly cross"</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>. <def>The cross as the

symbol of Christ's crucifixion.</def>



<cs><col>Congregation of the Holy Cross</col> <fld>(R. C.

Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a community of lay brothers and priests, in

France and the United States, engaged chiefly in teaching and

manual Labor. Originally called <altname>Brethren of St.

Joseph</altname>. The <xex>Sisters of the Holy Cross<xex> engage

in similar work. <au>Addis & Arnold</au>.</cd> -- <col>Holy-cross

day</col>, <cd>the fourteenth of September, observed as a church

festival, in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's

cross.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ho"ly*day`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A religious festival.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A secular festival; a holiday.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Holiday</xex> is the preferable and prevailing

spelling in the second sense. The spelling <xex>holy day or

holyday</xex> in often used in the first sense.</note>



<hw>Ho"ly*stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A stone used by seamen for scrubbing the

decks of ships.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Ho"ly*stone`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>To scrub with a holystone, as the deck of a vessel.</def>



<hw>Hom"a*canth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo</ets> + <ets>Gr</ets>.<ets><?/</ets> a

spine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the dorsal fin

spines symmetrical, and in the same line; -- said of certain

fishes.</def>



<hw>Hom"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF.<ets>homage</ets>, <ets>homenage</ets>, F.

<ets>hommage</ets>, LL. <ets>hominaticum</ets>,

<ets>homenaticum</ets>, from L. <ets>homo</ets> a man, LL. also,

a client, servant, vassal; akin to L. <ets>humus</ets> earth,

Gr.<?/ on the ground, and E. <ets>groom</ets> in

bride<ets>groom</ets>. Cf. <er>Bridegroom</er>,

<er>Human</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>A

symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the

presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming

to it by succession, that he was his <xex>man</xex>, or vassal;

profession of fealty to a sovereign.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Respect or reverential regard; deference;

especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance.</def>



<q>All things in heaven and earth do her [Law]

<qex>homage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>I sought no <qex>homage</qex> from the race that write.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Reverence directed to the Supreme Being;

reverential worship; devout affection.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Homage</er>, <er>Fealty</er>.  <xex>Homage</xex>

was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he declared

himself, on his knees, to be the <xex>hommage</xex> or bondman of

the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission

or respect. <xex>Fealty</xex> was originally the

<xex>fidelity</xex> of such a tenant to his lord, and hence the

term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the obligations

we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our

<xex>homage</xex> to men of pre\'89minent usefulness and virtue,

and profess our <xex>fealty</xex> to the principles by which they

have been guided.</usage>



<q>Go, go with <qex>homage</qex> yon proud victors meet !

Go, lie like dogs beneath your masters' feet !</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Man, disobeying,

Disloyal, breaks his <qex>fealty</qex>, and sins

Against the high supremacy of heaven.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hom"age</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Homaged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Homaging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>hommager</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pay reverence to

by external action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to pay homage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cowley.</au>



<hw>Hom"age*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>hommageable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Subject to homage.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Hom"a*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Homage</er>: <er>cf</er>. <er>F</er>.

<ets>hommager</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who does homage, or holds

land of another by homage; a vassal.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Hom`a*lo*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Homolographic</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hom"a*loid</hw> <pr>(<hw>?</hw>)</pr>,

<hw>Hom`a*loid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ even + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>

<def>Flat; even; -- a term applied to surfaces and to spaces,

whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and

postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are

assumed to hold true.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hom"a*rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ well adjusted.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus

of decapod Crustacea, including the common lobsters.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hom"a*roid</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ho*mat"ro*pine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>atropine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid, prepared from atropine, and

from other sources. It is chemically related to atropine, and is

used for the same purpose.</def>



<hw>Hom`ax*o"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/</ets> an axle,

axis.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to that kind of

homology or symmetry, the mathematical conception of organic

form, in which all axes are equal. See under

<er>Promorphology</er>.</def>



<hw>Home</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Homelyn</er>.</def>



<hw>Home</hw> <pr>(110)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hom</ets>, <ets>ham</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'bem</ets>; akin to

OS. <ets>hem</ets>, D. & G. <ets>heim</ets>, Sw. <ets>hem</ets>,

Dan. <ets>hiem</ets>, Icel. <ets>heimr</ets> abode, world,

<ets>heima</ets> home, Goth. <ets>haims</ets> village, Lith.

<ets>k\'89mas</ets>, and perh. to Gr.<?/ village, or to E.

<ets>hind</ets> a peasant; cf. Skr.<ets>ksh<?/ma</ets> abode,

place of rest, security, <ets>kshi</ets> to dwell. <?/, <?/

]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One's own dwelling place; the house in

which one lives; esp., the house in which one lives with his

family; the habitual abode of one's family; also, one's

birthplace.</def>



<q>The disciples went away again to their own

<qex>home</qex>.</q>

<qau>John xx. 10.</qau>



<q><qex>Home</qex> is the sacred refuge of our life.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q><qex>Home</qex>! <qex>home</qex>! sweet, sweet

<qex>home</qex>!

There's no place like <qex>home</qex>.</q>

<qau>Payne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One's native land; the place or country in which

one dwells; the place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt.</def>

\'bdOur old <xex>home</xex> [England].\'b8



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The abiding place of the affections, especially

of the domestic affections.</def>



<q>He entered in his house -- his <qex>home</qex> no more,

For without hearts there is no <qex>home</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The locality where a thing is usually found, or

was first found, or where it is naturally abundant; habitat;

seat; <as>as, the <ex>home</ex> of the pine</as>.</def>



<q>Her eyes are <qex>homes</qex> of silent prayer.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>Flandria, by plenty made the <qex>home</qex> of war.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; <as>as, a

<ex>home</ex> for outcasts; a <ex>home</ex> for the blind</as>;

hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the native and

eternal dwelling place of the soul.</def>



<q>Man goeth to his long <qex>home</qex>, and the mourners go

about the streets.</q>

<qau>Eccl. xii. 5.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The home base; he started

for <ex>home</ex>.</def>



<cs><col>At home</col>.<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>At one's own house, or

lodgings.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In one's own town or country; as,

peace abroad and <ex>at home<ex>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Prepared

to receive callers.</cd> -- <col>Home department</col>, <cd>the

department of executive administration, by which the internal

affairs of a country are managed.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<col>To be at home on any subject</col>, <cd>to be conversant or

familiar with it.</cd> -- <col>To feel at home</col>, <cd>to be

at one's ease.</cd> -- <col>To make one's self at home</col>,

<cd>to conduct one's self with as much freedom as if at

home.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile.</syn>



<hw>Home</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic; not foreign;

<as>as <xex>home</xex> manufactures; <xex>home</xex>

comforts</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Close; personal; pointed; <as>as, a

<ex>home</ex> thrust</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Home base</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>the base at

which the batsman stands and which is the last goal in making a

run.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Home farm</col>,

<col>grounds</col></mcol>, etc., <cd>the farm, grounds, etc.,

adjacent to the residence of the owner.</cd> -- <col>Home

lot</col>, <cd>an inclosed plot on which the owner's home

stands.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Home rule</col></mcol>,

<cd>rule or government of an appendent or dependent country, as

to all local and internal legislation, by means of a governing

power vested in the people within the country itself, in

contradistinction to a government established by the dominant

country; <as>as, <ex>home rule<ex> in Ireland</as>. Also used

adjectively; as, <xex>home-rule<xex> members of Parliament.</cd>

-- <col>Home ruler</col>, <cd>one who favors or advocates home

rule.</cd> -- <col>Home run</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a

complete circuit of the bases made before the batted ball is

returned to the home base.</cd> -- <col>Home stretch</col>

<fld>(Sport.)</fld>, <cd>that part of a race course between the

last curve and the winning post.</cd> -- <col>Home thrust</col>,

<cd>a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds in a

vital part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack.</cd></cs>



<hw>Home</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To one's home or

country; <as>as in the phrases, go <ex>home</ex>, come

<ex>home</ex>, carry <ex>home</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Close; closely.</def>



<q>How <qex>home</qex> the charge reaches us, has been made

out.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>They come <qex>home</qex> to men's business and bosoms.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To the place where it belongs; to the end of a

course; to the full length; <as>as, to drive a nail

<ex>home</ex>; to ram a cartridge <ex>home</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Wear thy good rapier bare and put it <qex>home</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Home</xex> is often used in the formation of

compound words, many of which need no special definition; as,

<xex>home</xex>-brewed, <xex>home</xex>-built,

<xex>home-grown</xex>, <xex>etc.</xex></note>



<cs><col>To bring home</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bring</er>.</cd>

-- <col>To come home</col>.<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To touch or affect

personally. See under <er>Come</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To drag toward the vessel, instead of

holding firm, as the cable is shortened; -- said of an

anchor.</cd> -- <col>To haul home the sheets of a sail</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to haul the clews close to the sheave

hole.</cd></cs>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Home"born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Native; indigenous; not foreign.</def>



<au>Donne. Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the home or family.</def>



<q>Fireside enjoyments, <qex>homeborn</qex> happiness.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Home"-bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Kept at

home.</def>



<hw>Home"-bred`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Bred at home; domestic; not foreign.</def> \'bd

<xex>Home-bred</xex> mischief.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Benignity and <qex>home-bred</qex> sense.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not polished; rude; uncultivated.</def>



<q>Only to me <qex>home-bred</qex> youths belong.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Home-com`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Return

home.</def>



<q>Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fayr,

And eek my wyf, unto myn <qex>hoom-cominge</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Home"-driv`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Driven to

the end, as a nail; driven close.</def>



<hw>Home"-dwell`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Keeping

at home.</def>



<hw>Home"-felt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Felt in

one's own breast; inward; private. \'bd<xex>Home-felt</xex>

quiet.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Home"field`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Afield

adjacent to its owner's home.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>Home"-keep`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Staying

at home; not gadding.</def>



<q><qex>Home-keeping</qex> youth have ever homely wits.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Home"-keep`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A staying at

home.</def>



<hw>Home"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[AS.<ets>h\'bemleas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destitute of a

home.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Home"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Home"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a home;

comfortable; cheerful; cozy; friendly.</def>



<hw>Home"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Plainly;

inelegantly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Home"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Homely</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Domesticity; care of

home.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWifely

<xex>homeliness</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Familiarity; intimacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Plainness; want of elegance or beauty.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement;

<as>as, the <ex>homeliness</ex> of manners, or

language</as>.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Home"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person or

thing belonging to a home or to a particular country; a native;

<as>as, a word which is a <ex>homeling</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Trench.</au>



<hw>Home"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Homelier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Homeliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Home</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging to, or having the

characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>With all these men I was right <qex>homely</qex>, and communed

with, them long and oft.</q>

<qau>Foxe.</qau>



<q>Their <qex>homely</qex> joys, and destiny obscure.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Plain; unpretending; rude in appearance;

unpolished; <as>as, a <ex>homely</ex> garment; a <ex>homely</ex>

house; <ex>homely</ex> fare; <ex>homely</ex> manners.</as></def>



<q>Now Strephon daily entertains

His Chloe in the <qex>homeliest</qex> strains.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of plain or coarse features; uncomely; --

contrary to <xex>handsome</xex>.</def>



<q>None so <qex>homely</qex> but loves a looking-glass.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Home"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Plainly; rudely; coarsely;

<as>as, <ex>homely</ex> dressed</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Home"lyn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Scot</ets>. <ets>hommelin</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The European sand ray (<spn>Raia

maculata</spn>); -- called also <altname>home</altname>,

<altname>mirror ray</altname>, and <altname>rough

ray</altname>.</def>



<hw>Home"made`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made at

home; of domestic manufacture; made either in a private family or

in one's own country.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Ho"me*o*path</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hom</ets>\'82<ets>opathe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A practitioner

of homeopathy.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>homoeopath</asp>.]</altsp>



<-- p. 701 -->



<hw>Ho`me*o*path"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hom\'82opathique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

homeopathy; according to the principles of homeopathy.</def>

<altsp>[Also <asp>hom\'d2pathic</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ho`me*o*path"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>According to the practice of homeopathy.</def> <altsp>[Also

<asp>hom\'d2pathically</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ho`me*op"a*thist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

believer in, or practitioner of, homeopathy.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>hom\'d2pathist</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ho*me*op"a*thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

likeness of condition or feeling; <?/ like (fr. <?/ same; cf.

<er>Same</er>) + <?/ to suffer: cf. F. <ets>hom\'82opathie</ets>.

See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The art of

curing, founded on resemblances; the theory and its practice that

disease is cured (<xex>tuto</xex>, <xex>cito</xex>, <xex>et

jucunde</xex>) by remedies which produce on a healthy person

effects similar to the symptoms of the complaint under which the

patient suffers, the remedies being usually administered in

minute doses. This system was founded by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann,

and is opposed to <xex>allopathy</xex>, or

<xex>heteropathy</xex>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hom\'d2pathy</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hom"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to return home

from a distance.</def>



<hw>Ho"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Hoemother</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho"mer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>kh\'d3mer</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure containing, as

a liquid measure, ten baths, equivalent to fifty-five gallons,

two quarts, one pint; and, as a dry measure, ten ephahs,

equivalent to six bushels, two pecks, four quarts.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>chomer</asp>,

<asp>gomer</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ho*mer"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Homericus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Homer, the most famous of Greek poets; resembling the poetry of

Homer.</def>



<cs><col>Homeric verse</col>, <cd>hexameter verse; -- so called

because used by Homer in his epics.</cd></cs>



<hw>Home"sick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pining for

home; in a nostalgic condition.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Home"sick`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Home"-speak`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Direct,

forcible, and effective speaking.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Home"spun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture; coarse;

plain.</def> \'bd<xex>Homespun</xex> country garbs.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Plain in manner or style; not elegant; rude;

coarse.</def>  \'bdOur <xex>homespun</xex> English proverb.\'b8

<au>Dryden</au>. \'bdOur <xex>homespun</xex> authors.\'b8

<au>Addison</au>.



<hw>Home"spun</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cloth made at

home; <as>as, he was dressed in <ex>homespun</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An unpolished, rustic person.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Home"stall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'bemsteall</ets>.]</ety> <def>Place of a home;

homestead.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Home"stead</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'bemstede</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The home place; a

home and the inclosure or ground immediately connected with

it.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The home or seat of a family; place of

origin.</def>



<q>We can trace them back to a <qex>homestead</qex> on the Rivers

Volga and Ural.</q>

<qau>W. Tooke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The home and appurtenant land

and buildings owned by the head of a family, and occupied by him

and his family.</def>



<cs><col>Homestead law</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A law conferring

special privileges or exemptions upon owners of homesteads; esp.,

a law exempting a homestead from attachment or sale under

execution for general debts. Such laws, with limitations as to

the extent or value of the property, exist in most of the States.

Called also <altname>homestead exemption law</altname>.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Also, a designation of an Act of Congress

authorizing and regulating the sale of public lands, in parcels

of 160 acres each, to actual settlers.

<mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Home"stead*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

has entered upon a portion of the public land with the purpose of

acquiring ownership of it under provisions of the homestead law,

so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this manner.</def>

<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Home"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being in the

direction of home; <as>as, the <ex>homeward</ex> way</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Home"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Home"wards</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h\'bemweard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Toward home; in the direction

of one's house, town, or country.</def>



<cs><col>Homeward bound</col>, <cd>bound for home; going

homeward; <as>as, the <ex>homeward bound<ex>

fleet</as>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hom"i*ci`dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to homicide; tending to homicide; murderous.</def>



<hw>Hom"i*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>homicidium</ets>, fr. <ets>homicida</ets> a man slayer;

<ets>homo</ets> man + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut, kill. See

<er>Homage</er>, and cf. <er>Concise</er>, <er>Shed</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The killing of one human being

by another.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Homicide</xex> is of three kinds:

<xex>justifiable</xex>, as when the killing is performed in the

exercise of a right or performance of a duty;

<xex>excusable</xex>, as when done, although not as duty or

right, yet without culpable or criminal intent; and

<xex>felonious</xex>, or involving what the law terms malice; the

latter may be either manslaughter or murder.

<au>Bouvier</au>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who kills another; a manslayer.</def>



<au>Chaucer. Shak.</au>



<hw>Hom"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>homo</ets> man + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In human

form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>Hom"i*lete</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

homilist.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hom`i*let"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hom`i*let"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>homil\'82tique</ets>. See

<er>Homily</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to

familiar intercourse; social; affable; conversable;

companionable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>His virtues active, chiefly, and <qex>homiletical</qex>, not

those lazy, sullen ones of the cloister.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory.</def>



<hw>Hom`i*let"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>homil\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of preaching; that

branch of theology which treats of homilies or sermons, and the

best method of preparing and delivering them.</def>



<hw>Hom"i*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

prepares homilies; one who preaches to a congregation.</def>



<hw>Hom"i*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Gr.

<?/ to be in company with.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and

composition.</def>



<hw>Hom"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Homilies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL.

<ets>homilia</ets>, Gr. <?/ communion, assembly, converse,

sermon, fr. <?/ an assembly, fr. <?/ same; cf. <?/ together, and

<?/ crowd, cf. <?/ to press: cf. F. <ets>hom\'82lie</ets>. See

<er>Same</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A discourse or sermon read

or pronounced to an audience; a serious discourse.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A serious or tedious exhortation in private on

some moral point, or on the conduct of life.</def>



<q>As I have heard my father

Deal out in his long <qex>homilies</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<cs><col>Book of Homilies</col>. <cd>A collection of authorized,

printed sermons, to be read by ministers in churches, esp. one

issued in the time of Edward VI., and a second, issued in the

reign of Elizabeth; -- both books being certified to contain a

\'bdgodly and wholesome doctrine.\'b8</cd></cs>



<hw>Hom"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Home-returning;

-- used specifically of carrier pigeons.</def>



<hw>Hom"i*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From North

American Indian <ets>auh\'a3minea</ets> parched corn.]</ety>

<def>Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being

boiled in water.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>homony</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hom"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a home or

a home circle.</def>



<q>Quiet, cheerful, <qex>homish</qex> hospital life.</q>

<qau>E. E. Hale.</qau>



<hw>Hom"mock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice; a knoll; a

hillock. See <er>Hummock</er>.</def>



<au>Bartram.</au>



<hw>Hom"mock*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Filled with

hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks; -- said of ice.</def>



<hw>Ho"mo-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form from Gr.

<grk>"omo`s</grk>, <xex>one and the same</xex>,

<xex>common</xex>, <xex>joint</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*cat`e*gor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>categoric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the same category of

individuality; -- a morphological term applied to organisms so

related.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/: <?/ the same + <?/ center: cf. F.

<ets>homocentrique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the same

center.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*cer"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the tail nearly or quite

symmetrical, the vertebral column terminating near its base; --

opposed to <xex>heterocercal</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ho"mo*cer`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The possession of a homocercal

tail.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*cer`e*brin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>rebrin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>A body similar to, or identical with,

cerebrin.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*chro"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having all the florets in the same flower head of the same

color.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*dem"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + 1st <ets>deme</ets>, 2.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A morphological term signifying

development, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the

same unit deme or unit of the inferior orders of

individuality.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*der"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to homodermy; originating from

the same germ layer.</def>



<hw>Ho"mo*der`my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + -<ets>derm</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Homology of the germinal layers.</def>



<hw>Hom"o*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having all the teeth similar in front, as

in the porpoises; -- opposed to <xex>heterodont</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho*mod"ro*mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ho*mod"ro*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a course, running.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Running in the same direction;

-- said of stems twining round a support, or of the spiral

succession of leaves on stems and their branches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Moving in the same direction;

-- said of a lever or pulley in which the resistance and the

actuating force are both on the same side of the fulcrum or

axis.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*dy*nam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Homodynamous.</def>



<au>Quain.</au>



<hw>Ho`mo*dy"na*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or involving, homodynamy;

<as>as, successive or <ex>homodynamous</ex> parts in plants and

animals</as>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*dy"na*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

of like power; <?/ the same + <?/ power.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The homology of metameres. See

<er>Metamere</er>.</def>



<au>Gegenbaur.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ho`m\'d2*o*me"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., from Gr. <?/; <?/ like + <?/ part.]</ety> <def>The

state or quality of being homogeneous in elements or first

principles; likeness or identity of parts.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, sameness of parts;

receiving or advocating the doctrine of homogeneity of elements

or first principles.</def>



<hw>Ho`m\'d2*om"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the main artery of the leg

parallel with the sciatic nerve; -- said of certain birds.</def>



<hw>Ho`m\'d2*om"e*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ like + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Hom\'d2omeria</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Hom\'d2omorphous</er>.]</ety> <def>A near

similarity of crystalline forms between unlike chemical

compounds. See <er>Isomorphism</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ of like form; <?/ like + <?/ form.]</ety>

<def>Manifesting hom\'d2omorphism.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*path"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<hw>Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos></mhw> <def>Same as

<er>Homeopathic</er>, <er>Homeopathist</er>,

<er>Homeopathy</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*ther"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Homoiothermal</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ like + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to, or including, similar forms or kinds of life; <as>as,

<ex>hom\'d2ozoic</ex> belts on the earth's surface</as>.</def>



<au>E. Forbes.</au>



<hw>Ho*mog"a*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

married together; <?/ the same + <?/ marriage.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having all the flowers alike; -- said of

such composite plants as Eupatorium, and the thistels.</def>



<hw>Ho*mog"a*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of being homogamous.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*gan"gli*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>gangliate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the ganglia of the nervous

system symmetrically arranged, as in certain invertebrates; --

opposed to <xex>heterogangliate</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ho"mo*gene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>homog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Homogeneous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Homogeneous.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Homogeneousness.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*ge*ne"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>homog\'82n\'82it\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Homogeneousness</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ the same + <?/ race, kind: cf. F.

<ets>homog\'8ane</ets>. See <er>Same</er>, and

<er>Kin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of the same kind of nature;

consisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature;

-- opposed to <xex>heterogeneous</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>homogeneous</ex> particles, elements, or principles;

<ex>homogeneous</ex> bodies.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Possessing the same number of

factors of a given kind; <as>as, a <ex>homogeneous</ex>

polynomial</as>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sameness 9kind

or nature; uniformity of structure or material.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That method of reproduction in which the

successive generations are alike, the offspring, either animal or

plant, running through the same cycle of existence as the parent;

gamogenesis; -- opposed to <xex>heterogenesis</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Homogenous; -- applied to that class of

homologies which arise from similarity of structure, and which

are taken as evidences of common ancestry.</def>



<hw>Ho*mog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having a resemblance in structure, due to

descent from a common progenitor with subsequent modification;

homogenetic; -- applied both to animals and plants. See

<er>Homoplastic</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho*mog"e*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ the same + <?/ race, kind.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Joint

nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The correspondence of common

descent; -- a term used to supersede <xex>homology</xex> by

Lankester, who also used <xex>homoplasy</xex> to denote any

superinduced correspondence of position and structure in parts

embryonically distinct (other writers using the term

<xex>homoplasmy</xex>). Thus, there is <xex>homogeny</xex>

between the fore limb of a mammal and the wing of a bird; but the

right and left ventricles of the heart in both are only in

<xex>homoplasy</xex> with each other, these having arisen

independently since the divergence of both groups from a

univentricular ancestor.</def>



<hw>Ho*mog"o*nous</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See

<er>Homogeneous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having all

the flowers of a plant alike in respect to the stamens and

pistils.</def>



<hw>Ho*mog"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of having homogonous

flowers.</def>



<hw>Hom"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"omo`grafos</grk> with the same letters; <grk>"omo`s</grk>

the same + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write.]</ety>

<fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>One of two or more words identical in

orthography, but having different derivations and meanings;

<as>as, <ex>fair</ex>, <pos>n.</pos>, a market, and

<ex>fair</ex>, <pos>a.</pos>, beautiful</as>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Employing a single and separate character to represent each

sound; -- said of certain methods of spelling words.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Possessing the property of

homography.</def>



<hw>Ho*mog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That method of spelling in which every sound is represented

by a single character, which indicates that sound and no

other.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A relation between two

figures, such that to any point of the one corresponds one and

but one point in the other, and vise versa. Thus, a tangent line

rolling on a circle cuts two fixed tangents of the circle in two

sets of points that are homographic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ho*moi`op*to"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ in a like case; <?/ like + <?/

falling.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the

several parts of a sentence end with the same case, or inflection

generally.</def>



<hw>Ho*moi`o*ther"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ like + E. <ets>thermal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<def>Maintaining a uniform temperature; h\'91matothermal;

homothermic; -- applied to warm-bodied animals, because they

maintain a nearly uniform temperature in spite of the great

variations in the surrounding air; in distinct from the

cold-blooded (<xex>poikilothermal</xex>) animals, whose body

temperature follows the variations in temperature of the

surrounding medium.</def>



<hw>Ho`moi*ou"si*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, of like substance; <grk>"o`moios</grk> +

<grk>o'ysi`a</grk> the substance, being, essence.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the semi-Arians of the 4th

century, who held that the Son was of like, but not the same,

essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to

<xex>homoousian</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ho`moi*ou"si*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

Homoiousians, or their belief.</def>



<hw>Ho*mol"o*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Homologated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Homologating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.

<ets>homologatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>homologare</ets> to

homologate; Gr. <?/ to assent, agree. See

<er>Homologous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>To

approve; to allow; to confirm; <as>as, the court

<ex>homologates</ex> a proceeding</as>.</def>



<au>Wheaton.</au>



<hw>Ho*mol`o*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>homologation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civ. & Scots Law)</fld>

<def>Confirmation or ratification (as of something otherwise null

and void), by a court or a grantor.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to homology; having a structural affinity

proceeding from, or base upon, that kind of relation termed

<xex>homology</xex>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Ho`mo*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ho*mol`o*gin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by,

homology; <as>as, <ex>homologinic</ex> qualities, or

differences</as>.</def>



<hw>Ho*mol"o*gize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To determine the homologies or structural

relations of.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ho*mol"o*gon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Homologue</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hom`o*lo*gou"me*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ things conceded, p.p. of <?/ to agree,

admit, concede. See <er>Homologous</er>.]</ety> <def>Those books

of the New Testament which were acknowledged as canonical by the

early church; -- distinguished from

<xex>antilegomena</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ho*mol"o*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

assenting, agreeing; <?/ the same + <?/ speech, discourse,

proportion, <?/ to say, speak.]</ety> <def>Having the same

relative position, proportion, value, or structure</def>.

Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Corresponding in

relative position and proportion.</def>



<q>In similar polygons, the corresponding sides, angles,

diagonals, etc., are <qex>homologous</qex>.</q>

<qau>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Having the same relative

proportion or value, as the two antecedents or the two

consequents of a proportion</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Characterized by homology; belonging to

the same type or series; corresponding in composition and

properties</def>. See <er>Homology</er>, <sn>3</sn>. <sd>(d)</sd>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Being of the same typical structure;

having like relations to a fundamental type to structure; as,

those bones in the hand of man and the fore foot of a horse are

<xex>homologous</xex> that correspond in their structural

relations, that is, in thier relations to the type structure of

the fore limb in vertebrates</def>.



<cs><col>Homologous stimulus</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Stimulus</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 702 -->



<hw>Hom`o*lo*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ whole + -<ets>graph</ets> +

-<ets>ic</ets>; but cf. F. <ets>homalographique</ets>, Gr. <?/

even, level.]</ety> <def>Preserving the mutual relations of

parts, especially as to size and form; maintaining relative

proportion.</def>



<cs><col>Homolographic projection</col>, <cd>a method of

constructing geographical charts or maps, so that the surfaces,

as delineated on a plane, have the same relative size as the real

surfaces; that is, so that the relative actual areas of the

different countries are accurately represented by the

corresponding portions of the map.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hom"o*logue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>homologue</ets>. See <er>Homologous</er>.]</ety> <def>That

which is homologous to something else; <as>as, the corresponding

sides, etc., of similar polygons are the <ex>homologues</ex> of

each other; the members or terms of an homologous series in

chemistry are the <ex>homologues</ex> of each other; one of the

bones in the hand of man is the <ex>homologue</ex> of that in the

paddle of a whale.</as></def>



<hw>Ho*mol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

agreement. See <er>Homologous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; <as>as,

the <ex>homology</ex>of similar polygons</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Correspondence or relation in

type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function;

as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man;

or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the

wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being

modifications of one type of structure.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Homology</xex> indicates genetic relationship,

and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in

terms of identity of embryonic origin. See <er>Homotypy</er>, and

<er>Homogeny</er>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The correspondence or

resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a

similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference,

and usually attended by a regular variation in physical

properties; <as>as, there is an <ex>homology</ex> between

methane, <chform>CH4</chform>, ethane, <chform>C2H6</chform>,

propane, <chform>C3H8</chform>, etc.</as>, all members of the

paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the

relation between chemical elements of the same group; <as>as,

chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in <ex>homology</ex>

with each other</as>. Cf. <er>Heterology</er>.</def>



<cs><col>General homology</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the

higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears

to the fundamental or general type on which the group is

constituted.</cd> <au>Owen</au>. -- <col>Serial homology</col>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>representative or repetitive relation in

the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where

the parts follow each other in a straight line or series.</cd>

<au>Owen</au>. See <er>Homotypy</er>. -- <col>Special

homology</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the correspondence of a

part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by

relative position and connection.</cd> <au>Owen</au>.</cs>



<hw>Ho*mom"al*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a lock of wool.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Uniformly bending or curving to one side;

-- said of leaves which grow on several sides of a stem.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho`mo*mor"phic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ho`mo*mor"phous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ the same + <?/ shape.]</ety> <def>Characterized by

homomorphism.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*mor"phism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Homomorphous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Homomorphy</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The possession, in one species

of plants, of only one kind of flowers; -- opposed to

<xex>heteromorphism</xex>, <xex>dimorphism</xex>, and

<xex>trimorphism</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The possession of but one

kind of larv\'91 or young, as in most insects.</def>



<-- 4. (Math) A special type of mapping of one mathematical set

into or onto another set . . . -->



<hw>Ho"mo*mor`phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Similarity of form; resemblance in external characters,

while widely different in fundamental structure; resemblance in

geometric ground form. See <er>Homophyly</er>,

<er>Promorphology</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho*mon"o*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to homonomy.</def>



<hw>Ho*mon"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ law.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>The homology of parts arranged on transverse axes.</def>



<au>Haeckel.</au>



<hw>Hom"o*nym</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>homonyme</ets>. See <er>Homonymous</er>.]</ety> <def>A word

having the same sound as another, but differing from it in

meaning; as the noun <xex>bear</xex> and the verb

<xex>bear</xex>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>homonyme</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ho*mon"y*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>homonymus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/, for <?/ name;

akin to E. <ets>name</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the

same name or designation; standing in the same relation; --

opposed to <xex>heteronymous</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the same name or designation, but

different meaning or relation; hence, equivocal; ambiguous.</def>



<hw>Ho*mon"y*mous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an

homonymous manner; so as to have the same name or relation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Equivocally; ambiguously.</def>



<hw>Ho*mon"y*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/:

cf. F. <ets>homonymie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sameness of

name or designation; identity in relations.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<q><qex>Homonymy</qex> may be as well in place as in persons.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sameness of name or designation of things or

persons which are different; ambiguity.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*\'94r"gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> +

<ets>organ</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Homoplast</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*ou"si*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ the same + <?/ being, essence, substance.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of those, in the 4th century,

who accepted the Nicene creed, and maintained that the Son had

the same essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to

<xex>homoiousian</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*ou"si*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

the Homoousians, or to the doctrines they held.</def>



<hw>Hom"o*phone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>homophone</ets>. See <er>Homophonous</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A letter or character which expresses a like

sound with another.</def>



<au>Gliddon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A word having the same sound as another, but

differing from it in meaning and usually in spelling; <as>as,

<xex>all</xex> and <xex>awl</xex>; <xex>bare</xex> and

<xex>bear</xex>; <xex>rite</xex>, <xex>write</xex>,

<xex>right</xex>, and <xex>wright</xex>.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho`mo*phon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ho*moph"o*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/ sound, tone: cf. F.

<ets>homophone</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Originally, sounding alike; of the same pitch;

unisonous; monodic.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Now used for plain

harmony, note against note, as opposed to <xex>polyphonic</xex>

harmony, in which the several parts move independently, each with

its own melody.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressing the same sound by a different

combination of letters; <as>as, <ex>bay</ex> and

<ex>bey</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ho*moph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/:

cf. F. <ets>homophonie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sameness of

sound.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Sameness of

sound; unison.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Plain harmony, as opposed

to <xex>polyphony</xex>. See <er>Homophonous</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*phyl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to homophily.</def>



<hw>Ho*moph"y*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a clan.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That form of homology due to common

ancestry (phylogenetic homology), in opposition to

<xex>homomorphy</xex>, to which genealogic basis is

wanting.</def>



<au>Haeckel.</au>



<hw>Ho"mo*plas`my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ anything formed, fr. <?/ to

form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resemblance between

different plants or animals, in external shape, in general habit,

or in organs, which is not due to descent from a common ancestor,

but to similar surrounding circumstances.</def>



<hw>Hom"o*plast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the plastids composing the

<xex>idorgan</xex> of Haeckel; -- also called

<xex>homo\'94rgan</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>plastic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to homoplasty; <as>as, <ex>homoplastic</ex>organs;

<ex>homoplastic</ex> forms.</as></def>



<hw>Ho"mo*plas`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>plasty</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The formation of homologous

tissues.</def>



<hw>Ho*mop"la*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to form, mold.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Homogeny</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho`mo*pol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>pole</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>In promorphology, pertaining to or

exhibiting that kind of organic form, in which the stereometric

ground form is a pyramid, with <xex>similar poles</xex>. See

<er>Promorphology</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho*mop"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Homoptera.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ho*mop"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the same, like + <?/ wing.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both

pairs of wings are similar in texture, and do not overlap when

folded, as in the cicada. See <er>Hemiptera</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho*mop"ter*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An homopter.</def>



<hw>Ho*mop"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Homoptera.</def>



<hw>Ho"mo*styled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>style</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having only one form of pistils; -- said

of the flowers of some plants.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Ho`mo*sys*tem"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>systemic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Developing, in the case of multicellular

organisms, from the same embryonic systems into which the

secondary unit (gastrula or plant enbryo) differentiates.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ho`mo*tax"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Homotaxis</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho`mo*tax"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ho`mo*tax"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to homotaxis.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ho`mo*tax"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ the same + <?/ arrangement.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Similarly in arrangement of parts; -- the opposite of

<xex>heterotaxy</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ho"mo*tax`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Homotaxis</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho`mo*ther"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ho`mo*ther"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ heat.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Warm-blooded; homoiothermal;

h\'91matothermal.</def>



<hw>Ho*mot"o*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>homotonus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/ tone.]</ety>

<def>Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho*mot"ro*pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ho*mot"ro*pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/ turn, fr. <?/ to turn: cf. F.

<ets>homotrope</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Turned in the same

direction with something else.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the radicle of the seed

directed towards the hilum.</def>



<hw>Ho"mo*ty`pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of the same type of structure; pertaining

to a homotype; <as>as, <ex>homotypal</ex> parts</as>.</def>



<hw>Hom"o*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + -<ets>type</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That which has the same fundamental type

of structure with something else; thus, the right arm is the

<xex>homotype</xex> of the right leg; one arm is the

<xex>homotype</xex> of the other, etc.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ho`mo*typ"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ho`mo*typ"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Homotypal</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho"mo*ty`py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Homotype</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A term

suggested by Haeckel to be instead of <xex>serial homology</xex>.

See <er>Homotype</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ho*mun"cu*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Homunculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of

<ets>homo</ets> man.]</ety> <def>A little man; a dwarf; a

manikin.</def>



<au>Sterne.</au>



<hw>Hond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hand.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Etymology

uncertain. <root/37.]</ety> <def>To pine; to lament; to

long.</def>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Hone</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>h<?/n</ets> a

knob.]</ety> <def>A kind of swelling in the cheek.</def>



<hw>Hone</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'ben</ets>; akin to

Icel. <ets>hein</ets>, OSw. <ets>hen</ets>; cf. Skr.

<ets>\'87\'be<?/a</ets>, also <ets>\'87\'d3</ets>,

<ets>\'87i</ets>, to sharpen, and E. <ets>cone</ets>. <root/38,

228.]</ety> <def>A stone of a fine grit, or a slab, as of metal,

covered with an abrading substance or powder, used for sharpening

cutting instruments, and especially for setting razors; an

oilstone.</def>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<cs><col>Hone slate</col><cd>See <er>Polishing slate</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Hone stone</col>, <cd>one of several kinds of stone used

for hones. See <er>Novaculite</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hone</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Honed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p]. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Honing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sharpen on, or with, a

hone; to rub on a hone in order to sharpen; <as>as, to

<ex>hone</ex> a razor</as>.</def>



<hw>Hon"est</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>honest</ets>, <ets>onest</ets>, OF. <ets>honeste</ets>,

<ets>oneste</ets>, F. <ets>honn\'88te</ets>, L.

<ets>honestus</ets>, fr. <ets>honos</ets>, <ets>honor</ets>,

honor. See <er>Honor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Decent;

honorable; suitable; becoming.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Belong what <qex>honest</qex> clothes you send forth to

bleaching!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by integrity or fairness and

straight<?/forwardness in conduct, thought, speech, etc.;

upright; just; equitable; trustworthy; truthful; sincere; free

from fraud, guile, or duplicity; not false; -- said of persons

and acts, and of things to which a moral quality is imputed;

<as>as, an <ex>honest</ex> judge or merchant; an <ex>honest</ex>

statement; an <ex>honest</ex> bargain; an <ex>honest</ex>

business; an <ex>honest</ex> book; an <ex>honest</ex>

confession.</as></def>



<q>An <qex>honest</qex> man's the noblest work of God.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>An <qex>honest</qex> physician leaves his patient when he can

contribute no farther to his health.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<q>Look ye out among you seven men of <qex>honest</qex>

report.</q>

<qau>Acts vi. 3.</qau>



<q>Provide things <qex>honest</qex> in the sight of all men.</q>

<qau>Rom. xii. 17.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Open; frank; <as>as, an <ex>honest</ex>

countenance</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Chaste; faithfuk; virtuous.</def>



<q>Wives may be merry, and yet <qex>honest</qex> too.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Upright; ingenuous; honorable; trusty; faithful;

equitable; fair; just; rightful; sincere; frank; candid;

genuine.</syn>



<hw>Hon"est</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>honestare</ets>

to clothe or adorn with honor: cf. F. <ets>honester</ets>. See

<er>Honest</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To adorn; to grace; to

honor; to make becoming, appropriate, or honorable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Abp. Sandys.</au>



<hw>Hon`es*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of honesting; grace; adornment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>W. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Ho*nes"te*tee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Honesty;

honorableness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hon"est*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Honorably; becomingly; decently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In an honest manner; <as>as, a contract

<ex>honestly</ex> made; to live <ex>honestly</ex>; to speak

<ex>honestly</ex>.</as></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>To come honestly by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To get

honestly.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A circumlocution for <xex>to

inherit<xex>; as, <xex>to come honestly by<xex> a feature, a

mental trait, a peculiarity.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hon"es*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>honeste</ets>, <ets>oneste</ets>, honor, OF.

<ets>honest\'82</ets>, <ets>onest\'82</ets> (cf. F.

<ets>honn\'88tet\'82</ets>), L. <ets>honestas</ets>. See

<er>Honest</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Honor;

honorableness; dignity; propriety; suitableness; decency.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>She derives her <qex>honesty</qex> and achieves her

goodness.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being honest; probity;

fairness and straightforwardness of conduct, speech, etc.;

integrity; sincerity; truthfulness; freedom from fraud or

guile.</def>



<q>That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness

and <qex>honesty</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. ii. 2.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Chastity; modesty.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>To lay . . . siege to the <qex>honesty</qex> of this Ford's

wife.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Satin flower; the name of two

cruciferous herbs having large flat pods, the round shining

partitions of which are more beautiful than the blossom; --

called also <altname>lunary</altname> and

<altname>moonwort</altname>. <spn>Lunaria biennis</spn> is common

honesty; <spn>L. rediva</spn> is perennial honesty.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Integrity; probity; uprightness; trustiness;

faithfulness; honor; justice; equity; fairness; candor;

plain-dealing; veracity; sincerity.</syn>



<hw>Hone"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>An umbelliferous plant of the genus <spn>Sison</spn>

(<spn>S.Amomum</spn>); -- so called because used to cure a

swelling called a <xex>hone</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hon"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>honi</ets>, <ets>huni</ets>, AS. <ets>hunig</ets>; akin to

OS. <ets>honeg</ets>, D. & G. <ets>honig</ets>, OHG.

<ets>honag</ets>, <ets>honang</ets>, Icel. <ets>hunang</ets>, Sw.

<ets>h\'86ning</ets>, Dan. <ets>honning</ets>, cf. Gr. <?/ dust,

Skr. <ets>kaa</ets> grain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sweet viscid

fluid, esp. that collected by bees from flowers of plants, and

deposited in the cells of the honeycomb.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is sweet or pleasant, like

honey.</def>



<q>The <qex>honey</qex> of his language.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sweet one; -- a term of endearment.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q><qex>Honey</qex>, you shall be well desired in Cyprus.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Honey</xex> is often used adjectively or as the

first part of compound; as, <xex>honey</xex>dew or

<xex>honey</xex> dew; <xex>honey</xex> guide or

<xex>honey</xex>guide; <xex>honey</xex> locust or

<xex>honey</xex>-locust.</note>



<cs><col>Honey ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small ant

(<spn>Myrmecocystus melliger</spn>), found in the Southwestern

United States, and in Mexico, living in subterranean formicares.

There are larger and smaller ordinary workers, and others, which

serve as receptacles or cells for the storage of honey, their

abdomens becoming distended to the size of a currant. These, in

times of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and feed the rest.</cd>

-- <col>Honey badger</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

ratel.</cd> -- <col>Honey bear</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Kinkajou</er>.</cd> -- <col>Honey buzzard</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird related to the kites, of the

genus <spn>Pernis</spn>. The European species is <spn>P.

apivorus</spn>; the Indian or crested honey buzzard is <spn>P.

ptilorhyncha</spn>. They feed upon honey and the larv\'91 of

bees. Called also <altname>bee hawk</altname>, <altname>bee

kite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Honey creeper</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of small,

bright, colored, passerine birds of the family

<spn>C\'d2rebid\'91</spn>, abundant in Central and South

America.</cd> -- <col>Honey easter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>one of numerous species of small passerine birds of the

family <spn>Meliphagid\'91</spn>, abundant in Australia and

Oceania; -- called also <altname>honeysucker</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Honey flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an evergreen shrub

of the genus <spn>Melianthus</spn>, a native of the Cape of Good

Hope. The flowers yield much honey.</cd> -- <col>Honey

guide</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of

small birds of the family <spn>Indicatorid\'91</spn>, inhabiting

Africa and the East Indies. They have the habit of leading

persons to the nests to wild bees. Called also

<altname>honeybird</altname>, and

<altname>indicator</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Honey harvest</col>,

<cd>the gathering of honey from hives, or the honey which is

gathered. <au>Dryden</au>.</cd> -- <col>Honey kite</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Honey buzzard</cref>

(above).</cd> -- <col>Honey locust</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

North American tree (<spn>Gleditschia triacanthos</spn>), armed

with thorns, and having long pods with a sweet pulp between the

seeds.</cd> -- <col>Honey month</col>. <cd>Same as

<er>Honeymoon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Honey weasel</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ratel.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 703 -->



<hw>Hon"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Honeyed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Honeying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be gentle, agreeable, or

coaxing; to talk fondly; to use endearments; also, to be or

become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn.</def>

\'bd<xex>Honeying</xex> and making love.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Rough to common men,

But <qex>honey</qex> at the whisper of a lord.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Hon"ey</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make agreeable; to

cover or sweeten with, or as with, honey.</def>



<q>Canst thou not <qex>honey</qex> me with fluent speech?</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Hon"ey-bag`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The receptacle for honey in a

honeybee.</def>



<au>Shak. Grew.</au>



<hw>Hon"ey*bee`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bee of the genus <spn>Apis</spn>,

which lives in communities and collects honey, esp. the common

domesticated hive bee (<spn>Apis mellifica</spn>), the Italian

bee (<spn>A. ligustica</spn>), and the Arabiab bee (<spn>A.

fasciata</spn>). The two latter are by many entomologists

considered only varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of

bees consists of a large number of workers (barren females),

with, ordinarily, one queen or fertile female, but in the

swarming season several young queens, and a number of males or

drones, are produced.</def>



<hw>Hon"ey*bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The honey guide.</def>



<hw>Hon"ey*comb`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hunigcamb</ets>. See <er>Honey</er>, and 1st

<er>Comb</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mass of hexagonal waxen

cells, formed by bees, and used by them to hold their honey and

their eggs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any substance, as a easting of iron, a piece of

worm-eaten wood, or of triple, etc., perforated with cells like a

honeycomb.</def>



<cs><col>Honeycomb moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wax

moth.</cd> -- <col>Honeycomb stomach</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Reticulum</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hon"ey*combed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed

or perforated like a honeycomb.</def>



<q>Each bastion was <qex>honeycombed</qex> with casements.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<hw>Hon"ey*dew`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees

and other plants in small drops, like dew. Two substances have

been called by this name; one exuded from the plants, and the

other secreted by certain insects, esp. aphids.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of tobacco moistened with molasses.</def>



<hw>Hon"eyed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Covered with honey.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sweet, <as>as, <ex>honeyed</ex>

words</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hon"ey*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute

of honey.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hon"ey*moon`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The first

month after marriage.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Hon"ey-mouthed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Soft to

sweet in speech; persuasive.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hon"ey*stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Mellite</er>.</def>



<hw>Hon"ey*suck`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Honey eater</cref>, under

<er>Honey</er>.</def>



<hw>Hon"ey*suc`kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>hunis<?/ge</ets> privet. See <er>Honey</er>, and

<er>Suck</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of several

species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and

some for their fragrance.</def>



<note><hand/ The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus

<spn>Lonicera</spn>; as, <spn>L. Caprifolium</spn>, and <spn>L.

Japonica</spn>, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; <spn>L.

Periclymenum</spn>, the fragrant woodbine of England; <spn>L.

grata</spn>, the American woodbine, and <spn>L.

sempervirens</spn>, the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The

European fly honeysuckle is <spn>L. Xylosteum</spn>; the

American, <spn>L. ciliata</spn>. The American Pinxter flower

(<spn>Azalea nudiflora</spn>) is often called

<xex>honeysuckle</xex>, or <xex>false honeysuckle</xex>. The name

<xex>Australian honeysuckle</xex> is applied to one or more trees

of the genus <spn>Banksia</spn>. See <cref>French

honeysuckle</cref>, under <er>French</er>.</note>



<hw>Hon"ey*suc`kled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered

with honeysuckles.</def>



<hw>Hon"ey-sweet`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sweet as

honey.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hon"ey-tongued`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sweet

speaking; persuasive; seductive.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hon"ey*ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Badderlocks</er>.</def>



<hw>Hon"ey*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European plant of the genus

<spn>Cerinthe</spn>, whose flowers are very attractive to

bees.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<hw>Hong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chinese

<ets>hang</ets>, Canton dialect <ets>hong</ets>, a mercantile

house, factory.]</ety> <def>A mercantile establishment or factory

for foreign trade in China, as formerly at Canton; a succession

of offices connected by a common passage and used for business or

storage.</def>



<cs><col>Hong merchant</col>, <cd>one of the few Chinese

merchants who, previous to the treaty of 1842, formed a guild

which had the exclusive privilege of trading with

foreigners.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To

hang.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hon"ied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Honeyed</er>.</def>



<hw>Hon"i*ton lace`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>. A kind of pillow

lace, remarkable for the beauty of its figures; -- so called

because chiefly made in <xex>Honiton</xex>, England.</def>



<hw>Honk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of imitative

origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cry of a wild

goose.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Honk"ing</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hon"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>honor</ets>, <ets>honour</ets>, <ets>onour</ets>,

<ets>onur</ets>, OF. <ets>honor</ets>, <ets>onor</ets>,

<ets>honur</ets>, <ets>onur</ets>, <ets>honour</ets>,

<ets>onour</ets>, F.  <ets>honneur</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>honor</ets>, <ets>honos</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>honour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Esteem due or paid

to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence;

veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence.</def>



<q>A prophet is not without <qex>honor</qex>, save in his own

country.</q>

<qau>Matt. xiii. 57.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect,

or consideration; self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity;

especially, excellence of character; high moral worth; virtue;

nobleness; specif., in men, integrity; uprightness;

trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity.</def>



<q>If she have forgot

<qex>Honor</qex> and virtue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Godlike erect, with native <qex>honor</qex> clad.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A nice sense of what is right, just, and true,

with course of life correspondent thereto; strict conformity to

the duty imposed by conscience, position, or privilege.</def>



<q>Say, what is <qex>honor</qex>? 'T is the finest sense

Of justice which the human mind can frame,

Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim,

And guard the way of life from all offense

Suffered or done.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>I could not love thee, dear, so much,

Loved I not <qex>honor</qex> more.</q>

<qau>Lovelace.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That to which esteem or consideration is paid;

distinguished position; high rank.</def> \'bdRestored me to my

<xex>honors</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>I have given thee . . . both riches, and <qex>honor</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Kings iii. 13.</qau>



<q>Thou art clothed with <qex>honor</qex> and majesty.</q>

<qau>Ps. civ. 1.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fame; reputation; credit.</def>



<q>Some in theiractions do woo, and affect <qex>honor</qex> and

reputation.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>If my <qex>honor</qex> is meant anything distinct from

conscience, 't is no more than a regard to the censure and esteem

of the world.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of

respect; a ceremonial sign of consideration; <as>as, he wore an

<ex>honor</ex> on his breast; military <ex>honors</ex>; civil

<ex>honors</ex>.</as></def> \'bdTheir funeral

<xex>honors</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an

excellency; an ornament; <as>as, he is an <ex>honor</ex> to his

nation</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A title applied to the holders of certain

honorable civil offices, or to persons of rank; <as>as, His

<ex>Honor</ex> the Mayor</as>. See Note under

<er>Honorable</er>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>A seigniory or lordship

held of the king, on which other lordships and manors

depended.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Academic or university prizes

or distinctions; <as>as, <ex>honors</ex> in classics</as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Whist)</fld> <def>The ace,

king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are sometimes

called <xex>Dutch honors</xex>.</def>



<au>R. A. Proctor.</au>



<cs><col>Affair of honor</col>, <cd>a dispute to be decided by a

duel, or the duel itself.</cd> -- <col>Court of honor</col>,

<cd>a court or tribunal to investigate and decide questions

relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a

military court to investigate acts or omissions which are

unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature.</cd> -- <col>Debt

of honor</col>, <cd>a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by

betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable

by law.</cd> -- <col>Honor bright!</col> An assurance of truth or

fidelity. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Honor court</col>

<fld>(Feudal Law)</fld>, <cd>one held in an honor or

seignory.</cd> -- <col>Honor point</col>. <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Honors of war</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>distinctions granted to a vanquished

enemy, as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with

colors flying.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Law, <or/ Code</col>, <col>of

honor</col></mcol>, <cd>certain rules by which social intercourse

is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a

regard to reputation. <au>Paley</au>.</cd> -- <col>Maid of

honor</col>, <cd>a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the

queen when she appears in public.</cd><-- Bride's principle

attendant at a wedding --> -- <col>On one's honor</col>, <cd>on

the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords

in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give their statements

or verdicts <xex>on their honor<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Point of

honor</col>, <cd>a scruple or nice distinction in matters

affecting one's honor; as, he raised a <xex>point of

honor<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To do the honors</col>, <cd>to bestow

honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an

entertainment. \'bdTo <xex>do the honors<xex> and to give the

word.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>.</cd> -- <col>To do one honor</col>,

<cd>to confer distinction upon one.</cd> -- <col>To have the

honor</col>, <cd>to have the privilege or distinction.</cd> --

<col>Word of honor</col>, <cd>an engagement confirmed by a pledge

of honor.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hon"or</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Honored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Honoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>honouren</ets>, <ets>onouren</ets>, OF. <ets>honorer</ets>,

<ets>honourer</ets>, F. <ets>honorer</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>honorare</ets>, fr. <ets>honor</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or

respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when

used of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to

worship.</def>



<q><qex>Honor</qex> thy father and thy mother.</q>

<qau>Ex. xx. 12.</qau>



<q>That all men should <qex>honor</qex> the Son, even as they

<qex>honor</qex> the Father.</q>

<qau>John v. 23.</qau>



<q>It is a custom

More <qex>honor'd</qex> in the breach than the observance.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice;

to bestow honor upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble;

to exalt; to glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat

in a complimentary manner or with civility.</def>



<q>Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to

<qex>honor</qex>.</q>

<qau>Esther vi. 9.</qau>



<q>The name of Cassius <qex>honors</qex> this corruption.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To accept and pay when due;

<as>as, to <ex>honor</ex>a bill of exchange</as>.</def>



<hw>Hon"or*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>honorable</ets>, L. <ets>honorabilis</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Worthy of honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded;

estimable; illustrious.</def>



<q>Thy name and <qex>honorable</qex> family.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or

a scrupulous regard to probity, rectitude, or reputation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause,

or directed to a just and proper end; not base; irreproachable;

fair; <as>as, an <ex>honorable</ex> motive</as>.</def>



<q>Is this proceeding just and <qex>honorable</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Conferring honor, or produced by noble

deeds.</def>



<q><qex>Honorable</qex> wounds from battle brought.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be

commended; consistent with honor or rectitude.</def>



<q>Marriage is <qex>honorable</qex> in all.</q>

<qau>Heb. xiii. 4.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or

with testimonies of esteem; an <xex>honorable</xex> burial.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Of reputable association or use;

respectable.</def>



<q>Let her descend: my chambers are <qex>honorable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>An epithet of respect or distinction; <as>as,

the <ex>honorable</ex> Senate; the <ex>honorable</ex>

gentleman.</as></def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Honorable</xex> is a title of quality,

conferred by English usage upon the younger children of earls and

all the children of viscounts and barons. The maids of honor,

lords of session, and the supreme judges of England and Ireland

are entitled to the prefix. In American usage, it is a title of

courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who hold, or have held, any

of the higher public offices, esp. governors, judges, members of

Congress or of the Senate, mayors.</note>



<cs><col>Right honorable</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Right</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hon"or*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

state of being honorable; eminence; distinction.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conformity to the principles of honor, probity,

or moral rectitude; fairness; uprightness; reputableness.</def>



<hw>Hon"or*a*bly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In an honorable manner; in a manner showing, or consistent

with, honor.</def>



<q>The reverend abbot . . . <qex>honorably</qex> received

him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Why did I not more <qex>honorably</qex> starve?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Decently; becomingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdDo this message <xex>honorably</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Magnanimously; generously; nobly; worthily; justly;

equitably; fairly; reputably.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Hon`o*ra"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hon"or*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>honorarium</ets> (sc. <ets>donum</ets>), fr.

<ets>honorarius</ets>. See <er>Honorary</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fee offered to

professional men for their services; <as>as, an

<ex>honorarium</ex> of one thousand dollars</as>.</def>



<au>S. Longfellow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An honorary payment, usually in

recognition of services for which it is not usual or not lawful

to assign a fixed business price.</def>



<au>Heumann.</au>



<hw>Hon"or*a*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>honorarius</ets>, fr. <ets>honor</ets> honor: cf. F.

<ets>honoraire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Done as a sign or

evidence of honor; <as>as, <ex>honorary</ex> services</as>.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer

honor without emolument; <as>as, an <ex>honorary</ex>

degree</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Honorary</xex> arches.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Holding a title or place without rendering

service or receiving reward; <as>as, an <ex>honorary</ex> member

of a society</as>.</def>



<hw>Hon"or*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

honors.</def>



<hw>Hon`or*if"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Honor</er>, <er>-fy</er>, and <er>-ic</er>.]</ety>

<def>Conferring honor; tending to honor.</def>



<au>London. Spectator.</au>



<hw>Hon"or*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute

of honor; not honored.</def>



<au>Bp. Warburton.</au>



<hw>Hont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See under

<er>Hunt</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hoo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>See <er>Ho</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hurrah! -- an exclamation of triumphant

joy.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>-hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hod</ets>,

<ets>had</ets>, <ets>hed</ets>, <ets>hede</ets>, etc., person,

rank, order, condition, AS. <ets>h\'bed</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>h\'c7d</ets>, OHG. <ets>heit</ets>, G. -<ets>heit</ets>, D.

-<ets>heid</ets>, Goth. <ets>haidus</ets> manner; cf. Skr.

<ets>k\'c7tu</ets> brightness, <ets>cit</ets> to appear, be

noticeable, notice. <root/217. Cf. <er>-head</er>.]</ety> <def>A

termination denoting <xex>state</xex>, <xex>condition</xex>,

<xex>quality</xex>, <xex>character</xex>, <xex>totality</xex>, as

in man<xex>hood</xex>, child<xex>hood</xex>,

knight<xex>hood</xex>, brother<xex>hood</xex>. Sometimes it is

written, chiefly in obsolete words, in the form

-<xex>head</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hood</ets>, <ets>hod</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'d3d</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>hoed</ets> hat, G. <ets>hut</ets>, OHG. <ets>huot</ets>,

also to E. <ets>hat</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>heed</ets>.

<root/13.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>State; condition.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>How could thou ween, through that disguised <qex>hood</qex>

To hide thy state from being understood?</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A covering or garment for the head or the head

and shoulders, often attached to the body garment</def>;

especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A soft covering for the head, worn

by women, which leaves only the face exposed</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A part of a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his

head; a cowl</def>. \'bdAll <xex>hoods</xex> make not monks.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A like appendage to a cloak or

loose overcoat, that may be drawn up over the head at

pleasure</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An ornamental fold at the back

of an academic gown or ecclesiastical vestment; <as>as, a

master's <ex>hood</ex></as></def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A covering

for a horse's head</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Falconry)</fld>

<def>A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Falcon</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything resembling a hood in form or use</def>;

as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The top or head of a carriage</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A chimney top, often contrived to secure a

constant draught by turning with the wind</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>A projecting cover above a hearth, forming the upper part of

the fireplace, and confining the smoke to the flue</def>.

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The top of a pump</def>. <sd>(e)</sd>

<fld>(Ord.)</fld> <def>A covering for a mortar</def>.

<sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hood-shaped upper petal

of some flowers, as of monkshood; -- called also

<altname>helmet</altname></def>. <au>Gray</au>. <sd>(g)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A covering or porch for a companion

hatch.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>The endmost plank of a

strake which reaches the stem or stern.</def>



<-- p. 704 -->



<hw>Hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hooded</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hooding</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or

hood-shaped appendage.</def>



<q>The friar <qex>hooded</qex>, and the monarch crowned.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover; to hide; to blind.</def>



<q>While grace is saying, I'll <qex>hood</qex> mine eyes

Thus with my hat, and sigh and say, \'bdAmen.\'b8</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Hooding end</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the end

of a hood where it enters the rabbet in the stem post or stern

post.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hood"cap`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <cref>Hooded

seal</cref>, under <er>Hooded</er>.</def>



<hw>Hood"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered with a

hood.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Furnished with a hood or something like a

hood.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hood-shaped; esp. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, rolled up

like a cornet of paper; cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian

turnip.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the

head conspicuously different in color from the rest of the

plumage; -- said of birds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having a

hoodlike crest or prominence on the head or neck; <as>as, the

<ex>hooded</ex> seal; a <ex>hooded</ex> snake.</as></def>



<cs><col>Hooded crow</col>, <cd>a European crow <fld>(Corvus

cornix)</fld>; -- called also <altname>hoody</altname>,

<altname>dun crow</altname>, and <altname>royston

crow</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hooded gull</col>, <cd>the European

black-headed pewit or gull.</cd> -- <col>Hooded merganser</col>.

<cd>See <er>Merganser</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hooded seal</col>, <cd>a

large North Atlantic seal (<spn>Cystophora cristata</spn>). The

male has a large, inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called

also <altname>hoodcap</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hooded

sheldrake</col>, <cd>the hooded merganser. See

<er>Merganser</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hooded snake</col>. <cd>See

<er>Cobra de capello</er>, <er>Asp</er>, <er>Haje</er>, etc.</cd>

-- <col>Hooded warbler</col>, <cd>a small American warbler

(<spn>Sylvania mitrata</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Hood"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no hood.</def>



<hw>Hood"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young rowdy;

a rough, lawless fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Hood"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The person

blindfolded in the game called hoodman-blind.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hood"man-blind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An old

term for blindman's buff.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hood" mold`ing</hw> <hw>Hood" mould`ing</hw> }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting molding over

the head of an arch, forming the outermost member of the

archivolt; -- called also <altname>hood mold</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hoo"doo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. a var.

of <ets>voodoo</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who causes bad luck.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Hood"wink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hood</ets> + <ets>wink</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To blind by covering the eyes.</def>



<q>We will blind and <qex>hoodwink</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover; to hide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deceive by false appearance; to impose

upon.</def> \'bd<xex>Hoodwinked</xex> with kindness.\'b8



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Hood"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The hooded crow; also, in Scotland, the hooded gull.</def>



<hw>Hoof</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hoofs</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, very rarely <plw>Hooves</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hof</ets>, AS.

<ets>h\'d3f</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoef</ets>, G1huf, OHG.

<ets>huof</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'d3fr</ets>, Sw. <ets>hof</ets>,

Dan. <ets>hov</ets>; cf. Russ. <ets>kopuito</ets>, Skr.

<ets>\'87apha</ets>. <root/225.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The horny

substance or case that covers or terminates the feet of certain

animals, as horses, oxen, etc.</def>



<q>On burnished <qex>hooves</qex> his war horse trode.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hoofed animal; a beast.</def>



<q>Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a

<qex>hoof</qex> be left behind.</q>

<qau>Ex. x. 26.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ungula</er>.</def>



<hw>Hoof</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To walk as

cattle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>William Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be on a tramp; to foot.</def> <mark>[Slang,

U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>To hoof it</col>, <cd>to foot it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hoof"bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Having a dry and contracted hoof, which

occasions pain and lameness.</def>



<hw>Hoofed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

hoofs.</def>



<au>Grew.</au>



<hw>Hoof"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

hoofs.</def>



<hw>Hook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hok</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'d3c</ets>; cf. D. <ets>haak</ets>, G.

<ets>hake</ets>, <ets>haken</ets>, OHG. <ets>h\'beko</ets>,

<ets>h\'bego</ets>, <ets>h\'beggo</ets>, Icel. <ets>haki</ets>,

Sw. <ets>hake</ets>, Dan. <ets>hage</ets>. Cf.

<er>Arquebuse</er>, <er>Hagbut</er>, <er>Hake</er>,

<er>Hatch</er> a half door, <er>Heckle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A piece of metal, or other hard material, formed or bent

into a curve or at an angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining

anything; <as>as, a <ex>hook</ex> for catching fish; a

<ex>hook</ex> for fastening a gate; a boat <ex>hook</ex>,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post,

and on which a door or gate hangs and turns.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An implement for cutting grass or grain; a

sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping; a billhook.</def>



<q>Like slashing Bentley with his desperate <qex>hook</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engin.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Eccentric</er>, and <er>V-hook</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A snare; a trap.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A field sown two years in succession.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The projecting points of the

thigh bones of cattle; -- called also <altname>hook

bones</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>By hook or by crook</col>, <cd>one way or other; by any

means, direct or indirect. <au>Milton</au>. \'bdIn hope her to

attain <xex>by hook or crook<xex>.\'b8 <au>Spenser</au>.</cd> --

<col>Off the hooks</col>, <cd>unhinged; disturbed; disordered.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdIn the evening, by water, to the Duke

of Albemarle, whom I found mightly <xex>off the hooks<xex> that

the ships are not gone out of the river.\'b8

<au>Pepys</au>.</cd><-- = out of joint --> -- <col>On one's own

hook</col>, <cd>on one's own account or responsibility; by one's

self. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> <au>Bartlett</au>.</cd> --

<col>To go off the hooks</col>, <cd>to die.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <au>Thackeray</au>.</cd> -- <col>Bid

hook</col>, <cd>a small boat hook.</cd> -- <col>Chain hook</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Chain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Deck hook</col>, <cd>a

horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship, on which the

forward part of the deck rests.</cd> -- <col>Hook and eye</col>,

<cd>one of the small wire hooks and loops for fastening together

the opposite edges of a garment, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hook

bill</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the strongly curved beak of

a bird.</cd> -- <col>Hook ladder</col>, <cd>a ladder with hooks

at the end by which it can be suspended, as from the top of a

wall.</cd> -- <col>Hook motion</col> <fld>(Steam Engin.)</fld>,

<cd>a valve gear which is reversed by V hooks.</cd> -- <col>Hook

squid</col>, <cd>any squid which has the arms furnished with

hooks, instead of suckers, as in the genera

<spn>Enoploteuthis</spn> and <spn>Onychteuthis</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Hook wrench</col>, <cd>a wrench or spanner, having a hook at

the end, instead of a jaw, for turning a bolthead, nut, or

coupling.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hook</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hooked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hooking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To catch or

fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or hold, as with

a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to secure by

allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; <as>as, to

<ex>hook</ex> a dress; to <ex>hook</ex> a trout.</as></def>



<q><qex>Hook</qex> him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice.</q>

<qau>W. Collins.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To seize or pierce with the points of the horns,

as cattle in attacking enemies; to gore.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To steal.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng. &

U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>To hook on</col>, <cd>to fasten or attach by, or as by,

hook.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bend; to

curve as a hook.</def>



<hw>Hook"ah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per. or Ar.

<ets>huqqa</ets> a round box or casket, a bottle through which

the fumes pass when smoking tobacco.]</ety> <def>A pipe with a

long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by

being made to pass through water.</def><-- see hubble-bubble;

also water pipe -->



<hw>Hook"-billed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a strongly curved bill.</def>



<hw>Hooked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having the form of a hookl curvated; <as>as, the

<ex>hooked</ex> bill of a bird</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Provided with a hook or hooks.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>hooked</xex> chariot.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hook"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being bent like a hook; incurvation.</def>



<hw>Hook"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, hooks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A Dutch vessel

with two masts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fishing boat with one

mast, used on the coast of Ireland.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A

sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft.</def>



<hw>Hooke's" gear"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from the

inventor.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Spur gearing having

teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes slanting

in opposite directions from the middle.</def>



<hw>Hooke's joint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from the

inventor.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A universal joint. See

under <er>Universal</er>.</def>



<hw>Hook"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hockey</er>.</def>



<hw>Hook"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little

hook.</def>



<hw>Hook"-nosed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

hooked or aquiline nose.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hook"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of hooks;

pertaining to hooks.</def>



<hw>Hool</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Whole.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hoo"lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small black gibbon (<spn>Hylobates

hoolock</spn>), found in the mountains of Assam.</def>



<hw>Hoom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Home.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hoo"noo*maun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian monkey. See

<er>Entellus</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hoonuman</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hoop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hope</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoep</ets>,

<ets>hoepel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pliant strip of wood

or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for

holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a

hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed

in making cheese.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A circle, or combination of circles, of thin

whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding

the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the

plural.</def>



<q>Though stiff with <qex>hoops</qex>, and armed with ribs of

whale.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A quart pot; -- so called because originally

bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents

measured by the distance between the hoops.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An old measure of capacity, variously estimated

at from one to four pecks.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Bulge hoop</col>, <col>Chine hoop</col>,

<col>Quarter hoop</col></mcol>, <cd>the hoop nearest the middle

of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop

between these two, respectively.</cd> -- <col>Flat hoop</col>,

<cd>a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides.</cd> --

<col>Half-round hoop</col>, <cd>a wooden hoop left rounding and

undressed on the outside.</cd> -- <col>Hoop iron</col>, <cd>iron

in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops.</cd> -- <col>Hoop

lock</col>, <cd>the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden

hoops by notching and interlocking them.</cd> -- <col>Hoop

skirt</col>, <cd>a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of

a woman's dress; -- called also <altname>hoop

petticoat</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hoop snake</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a harmless snake of the Southern

United States (<spn>Abaster erythrogrammus</spn>); -- so called

from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop,

taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great

velocity.</cd> -- <col>Hoop tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

small West Indian tree (<spn>Melia sempervirens</spn>), of the

Mahogany family.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hoop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hooped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hooping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bind or fasten

with hoops; <as>as, to <ex>hoop</ex> a barrel or

puncheon</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To clasp; to encircle; to surround.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hoop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>houpen</ets>; cf. F. <ets>houper</ets> to hoop, to shout; --

a hunting term, prob. fr. <ets>houp</ets>, an interj. used in

calling. Cf. <er>Whoop</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter a

loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of call or

pursuit; to shout.</def> <altsp>[Usually written

<asp>whoop</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To whoop, as in whooping cough. See

<er>Whoop</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Hooping cough</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Whooping cough</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hoop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Written also

<ets>whoop</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To drive or follow with

a shout.</def> \'bdTo be <xex>hooped</xex> out of Rome.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To call by a shout or peculiar cry.</def>



<hw>Hoop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A shout; a whoop,

as in whooping cough.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hoopoe. See

<er>Hoopoe</er>.</def>



<hw>Hoop"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Hoop</er>.]</ety> <def>One who hoops casks or tubs; a

cooper.</def>



<hw>Hoop"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[So called from its note.]</ety>

<def>The European whistling, or wild, swan (<spn>Olor

cygnus</spn>); -- called also <altname>hooper swan</altname>,

<altname>whooping swan</altname>, and

<altname>elk</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hoop"oe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hoop"oo</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from its cry;

cf. L. <ets>upupa</ets>, Gr. <?/, D. <ets>hop</ets>, F.

<ets>huppe</ets>; cf. also G. wieden<ets>hopf</ets>, OHG.

witu<ets>hopfo</ets>, lit., wood hopper.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European bird of the genus

<spn>Upupa</spn> (<spn>U. epops</spn>), having a beautiful crest,

which it can erect or depress at pleasure. Called also

<altname>hoop</altname>, <altname>whoop</altname>. The name is

also applied to several other species of the same genus and

allied genera.</def>



<-- Hoops. n. The game of basketball [Slang].

    Hoopster. n. Basketball player. [Slang] -->



<hw>Hoo"sier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nickname

given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Hoot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hooted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Hooting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hoten</ets>, <ets>houten</ets>, <ets>huten</ets>; cf. OSw.

<ets>huta</ets>, Sw. <ets>huta ut</ets> to take one up sharply,

fr. Sw. <ets>hut</ets> interj., begone! cf. also W.

<ets>hwt</ets> off! off with it! away! hoot!]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To cry out or shout in contempt.</def>



<q>Matrons and girls shall <qex>hoot</qex> at thee no more.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make the peculiar cry of an owl.</def>



<q>The clamorous owl that nightly <qex>hoots</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hoot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To assail with contemptuous

cries or shouts; to follow with derisive shouts.</def>



<q>Partridge and his clan may <qex>hoot</qex> me for a cheat.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Hoot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A derisive cry or

shout.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cry of an owl.</def>



<cs><col>Hoot owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the barred owl

(<spn>Syrnium nebulosum</spn>). See <er>Barred

owl</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hoove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Allied to

<ets>heave</ets>, <ets>hove</ets>.]</ety> <def>A disease in

cattle consisting in inflammation of the stomach by gas,

ordinarily caused by eating too much green food; tympany;

bloating.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hoov"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ho"ven</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected with hoove;

<as>as, <ex>hooven</ex>, or <ex>hoven</ex>, cattle</as>.</def>



<hw>Hop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Hopped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hopping</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hoppen</ets> to hop, leap, dance, AS. <ets>hoppian</ets>;

akin to Icel. & Sw. <ets>hoppa</ets>, Dan. <ets>hoppe</ets>, D.

<ets>huppelen</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81pfen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To move by successive leaps, as toads do; to spring or jump

on one foot; to skip, as birds do.</def>



<q>[Birds] <qex>hopping</qex> from spray to spray.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To walk lame; to limp; to halt.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To dance.</def>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<hw>Hop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A leap on one leg,

as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a jump; a spring.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dance; esp., an informal dance of ball.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><mcol><col>Hop</col>, <col>skip</col> (<or/ <col>step</col>),

<col>and jump</col></mcol>, <cd>a game or athletic sport in which

the participants cover as much ground as possible by a hop,

stride, and jump in succession.</cd></cs>

<-- just a hop, skip, and a jump away = nearby -->



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Hop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hoppe</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>hop</ets>, <ets>hoppe</ets>, OHG. <ets>hopfo</ets>, G.

<ets>hopfen</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>hupa</ets>, W. <ets>hopez</ets>,

Armor. <ets>houpez</ets>, and Icel. <ets>humall</ets>, SW. & Dan.

<ets>humle</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

climbing plant (<spn>Humulus Lupulus</spn>), having a long,

twining, annual stalk. It is cultivated for its fruit

(hops).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The catkin or strobilaceous fruit of the hop,

much used in brewing to give a bitter taste.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The fruit of the dog-rose. See

<er>Hip</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Hop back</col>. <fld>(Brewing)</fld> <cd>See under 1st

<er>Back</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hop clover</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a species of yellow clover having heads like hops in

miniature (<spn>Trifolium agrarium</spn>, and <spn>T.

procumbens</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Hop flea</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small flea beetle (<spn>Haltica

concinna</spn>), very injurious to hops.</cd> -- <col>Hop

fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an aphid (<spn>Phorodon

humuli</spn>), very injurious to hop vines.</cd> -- <col>Hop

froth fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an hemipterous insect

(<spn>Aphrophora interrupta</spn>), allied to the cockoo spits.

It often does great damage to hop vines.</cd> -- <col>Hop

hornbeam</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree of the

genus <spn>Ostrya</spn> (<spn>O.Virginica</spn>) the American

ironwood; also, a European species (<spn>O. vulgaris</spn>).</cd>

-- <col>Hop moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a moth

(<spn>Hypena humuli</spn>), which in the larval state is very

injurious to hop vines.</cd> -- <col>Hop picker</col>, <cd>one

who picks hops.</cd> -- <col>Hop pole</col>, <cd>a pole used to

support hop vines.</cd> -- <col>Hop tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a small American tree (<spn>Ptelia trifoliata</spn>), having

broad, flattened fruit in large clusters, sometimes used as a

substitute for hops.</cd> -- <col>Hop vine</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the climbing vine or stalk of the

hop.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To impregnate with

hops.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Hop</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gather hops.

<usage>[Perhaps only in the form <er>Hopping</er>, <pos>vb.

n.</pos>]</usage></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hop"bine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hop"bind`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The climbing stem of the

hop.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Hope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>h\'d3p</ets> a small bay or inlet.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

sloping plain between mountain ridges.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small bay; an inlet; a haven.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Hope</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS., <ets>akin to D</ets>.

<ets>hoop</ets>, <ets>hope</ets>, Sw. <ets>hopp</ets>, Dan.

<ets>haab</ets>, MHG. <ets>hoffe</ets>. <ets>Hope</ets> in

<ets>forlorn hope</ets> is different word. See <ets>Forlorn

hope</ets>, under <er>Forlorn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of obtaining

it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of

something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing

expectancy.</def>



<q>The hypocrite's <qex>hope</qex> shall perish.</q>

<qau>Job vii. 13.</qau>



<q>He wished, but not with <qex>hope</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>New thoughts of God, new <qex>hopes</qex> of Heaven.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes

ground of expectation, or promises desired good.</def>



<q>The Lord will be the <qex>hope</qex> of his people.</q>

<qau>Joel iii. 16.</qau>



<q>A young gentleman of great <qex>hopes</qex>, whose love of

learning was highly commendable.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is hoped for; an object of

hope.</def>



<q>Lavina is thine elder brother's <qex>hope</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hope</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hoped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hoping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hopian</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>hopen</ets>, Sw. <ets>hopp<?/</ets>, Dan.

<ets>haabe</ets>, G. <ets>hoffen</ets>. See 2nd

<er>Hope</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To entertain or indulge

hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of something welcome, with

expectation of obtaining it or belief that it is obtainable; to

expect; -- usually followed by <xex>for</xex>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Hope</xex> for good success.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<q>But I will <qex>hope</qex> continually.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxi. 14.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place confidence; to trust with confident

expectation of good; -- usually followed by <xex>in</xex>.</def>

\'bdI <xex>hope</xex> in thy word.\'b8



<au>Ps. cxix. 81.</au>



<q>Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted

within me? <qex>Hope</qex> thou in God.</q>

<qau>Ps. xlii. 11.</qau>



<-- p. 705 -->



<hw>Hope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or

prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable,

with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of.</def>



<q>We <qex>hope</qex> no other from your majesty.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>[Charity] <qex>hopeth</qex> all things.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. xiii. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expect; to fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdI <xex>hope</xex> he will be dead.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hope</xex> is often used colloquially regarding

uncertainties, with no reference to the future. \'bdI

<xex>hope</xex> she takes me to be flesh and blood.\'b8</note>



<au>Mrs. Centlivre.</au>



<hw>Hope"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to hope;

expectant.</def>



<q>Men of their own natural inclination <qex>hopeful</qex> and

strongly conceited.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having qualities which excite hope; affording

promise of good or of success; <as>as, a <ex>hopeful</ex> youth;

a <ex>hopeful</ex> prospect.</as></def> \'bd<xex>Hopeful</xex>

scholars.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hope"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hope"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hope"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after

Professor <ets>Hope</ets>, of Edinburgh.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic

crystals.</def>



<hw>Hope"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute of

hope; having no expectation of good; despairing.</def>



<q>I am a woman, friendless, <qex>hopeless</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing

desirable; desperate; <as>as, a <ex>hopeless</ex>

cause</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>hopeless</qex>word of \'bdnever to return\'b8

Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Unhoped for; despaired of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Marston.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hope"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hope"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hop"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hopes.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hop"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hopeful

manner.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Hop"lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ tool, weapon: cf. F. <ets>hoplite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr.

Antiq.)</fld> <def>A heavy-armed infantry soldier.</def>



<au>Milford.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hop"-o'-my-thumb"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hop"-thumb"</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A very

diminutive person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>liwell.</au>



<hw>Hopped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Impregnated

with hops.</def>



<hw>Hop"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Hop</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which,

hops.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A chute, box, or receptacle, usually

funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering

or feeding any material, as to a machine; <as>as, the wooden box

with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining

or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace,

or coal, etc.</as>, into a car.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grasshopper</er>,

2.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A game. See

<er>Hopscotch</er>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See

<er>Grasshopper</er>, and <cref>Frog hopper</cref>, <cref>Grape

hopper</cref>, <cref>Leaf hopper</cref>, <cref>Tree

hopper</cref>, under <er>Frog</er>, <er>Grape</er>,

<er>Leaf</er>, and <er>Tree</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

larva of a cheese fly.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel for carrying waste,

garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its

load by a mechanical contrivance; -- called also <altname>dumping

scow</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Bell and hopper</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the

apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge

is introduced, while the gases are retained.</cd> -- <col>Hopper

boy</col>, <cd>a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread

meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor,

through which it falls.</cd> -- <col>Hopper closet</col>, <cd>a

water-closet, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a

funnel standing on a draintrap.</cd> -- <col>Hopper cock</col>,

<cd>a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a

water-closet.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hop"per*ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gold

Washing)</fld> <def>Gravel retaining in the hopper of a

cradle.</def>



<hw>Hop`pes*tere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>An

unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in reference to ships. By

some it is defined as \'bddancing (on the wave)\'b8; by others as

\'bdopposing,\'b8  \'bdwarlike.\'b8</def>



<au>T. R. Lounsbury.</au>



<hw>Hop"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for measuring ore.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An infant in arms.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Hop"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one

who, or that which, hops; a jumping, frisking, or dancing.</def>



<cs><col>Hopping Dick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a thrush

of Jamaica (<spn>Merula leucogenys</spn>), resembling the English

blackbird in its familiar manners, agreeable song, and dark

plumage.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hop"ping</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 3rd

<er>Hop</er>.]</ety> <def>A gathering of hops.</def>



<hw>Hop"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hoppled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hoppling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Hop</er>; cf.

<er>Hobble</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To impede by a hopple;

to tie the feet of (a horse or a cow) loosely together; to

hamper; to hobble; <as>as, to <ex>hopple</ex> an unruly or

straying horse</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To entangle; to hamper.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Hop"ple</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fetter for horses, or

cattle, when turned out to graze; -- chiefly used in the

plural.</def>



<hw>Hop"ple*bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hobblebush</er>.</def>



<hw>Hop"po</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of

commerce.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tribunal or commission having

charge of the revenue derived from trade and navigation.</def>

<mark>[China]</mark>



<cs><col>Hoppo men</col>, <cd>Chinese customhouse

officers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hop"scotch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A child's

game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from

one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the

ground; -- called also <altname>hoppers</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hop"-thumb`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hop-o'-my-thumb</er>.</def>



<hw>Hop"yard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A field where

hops are raised.</def>



<hw>Ho"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>horalis</ets>, fr. <ets>hora</ets> hour. See

<er>Hour</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an hour, or to

hours.</def>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Ho"ra*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Hourly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ho"ra*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>horarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>hora</ets> hour: cf. F.

<ets>horaire</ets>. See <er>Hour</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of

or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours.</def>



<au>Spectator.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour;

hourly; ephemeral.</def>



<q><qex>Horary</qex>, or soon decaying, fruits of summer.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<cs><col>Horary circles</col>. <cd>See

<er>Circles</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ho*ra"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his

style.</def>



<hw>Horde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>horde</ets> (cf. G. <ets>horde</ets>), fr. Turk.

<ets>ord<?/</ets>, <ets>ord\'c6</ets>, camp; of Tartar

origin.]</ety> <def>A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan

or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for

the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory

multitude.</def>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>Hor*de"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hordeum</ets> barley.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, barley; <as>as,

<ex>hordeic</ex> acid, an acid identical or isomeric with

<ex>lauric</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Hor"de*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hordeum</ets> barley.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

peculiar starchy matter contained in barley. It is complex

mixture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Hor*de"o*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>hordeolus</ets>, dim. of <ets>hordeum</ets>

barley.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small tumor upon the

eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a sty.</def>



<hw>Hor"dock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare, perhaps equivalent

to <xex>burdock</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hoar.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hore"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>horehune</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'berhune</ets>; <ets>h\'ber</ets>

hoar, gray + <ets>hune</ets> horehound; cf. L. <ets>cunila</ets>

a species of organum, GR. <?/, Skr. <ets>kn<?/y</ets> to

smell.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Marrubium</spn> (<spn>M. vulgare</spn>), which has a bitter

taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for colds,

coughing, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hoarhound</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><mcol><col>Fetid horehound</col>, <or/ <col>Black

horehound</col></mcol>, <cd>a disagreeable plant resembling

horehound (<spn>Ballota nigra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Water

horehound</col>, <cd>a species of the genus <spn>Lycopus</spn>,

resembling mint, but not aromatic.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ho*ri"zon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>horizon</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) the bounding line,

horizon, fr. <?/ to bound, fr. <?/ boundary, limit.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The circle which bounds that part of the earth's

surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent

junction of the earth and sky.</def>



<q>And when the morning sun shall raise his car

Above the border of this <qex>horizon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>All the <qex>horizon</qex> round

Invested with bright rays.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plane

passing through the eye of the spectator and at right angles to

the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to the earth's

surface at that place; called distinctively the <xex>sensible

horizon</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plane parallel to the

sensible horizon of a place, and passing through the earth's

center; -- called also <altname>rational <or/ celestial

horizon</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The

unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an eye at a

given elevation, no land being visible.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The epoch or time during

which a deposit was made.</def>



<q>The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same

time, are said to belong to the same geological

<qex>horizon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Le Conte.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>The chief horizontal line

in a picture of any sort, which determines in the picture the

height of the eye of the spectator; in an extended landscape, the

representation of the natural horizon corresponds with this

line.</def>



<cs><col>Apparent horizon</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Apparent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Artificial horizon</col>, <cd>a

level mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a

plane reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; -- used

chiefly with the sextant for observing the double altitude of a

celestial body.</cd> -- <col>Celestial horizon</col>.

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See def. 2, above.</cd> -- <col>Dip of

the horizon</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the vertical angle

between the sensible horizon and a line to the visible horizon,

the latter always being below the former.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Rational horizon</col>, and <col>Sensible

horizon</col></mcol>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See def. 2,

above.</cd> -- <col>Visible horizon</col>. <cd>See definitions 1

and 2, above.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hor`i*zon"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>horizontal</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or

near, the horizon.</def> \'bd<xex>Horizontal</xex> misty air.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Parallel to the horizon; on a level; <as>as, a

<ex>horizontal</ex>line or surface</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon;

<as>as, <ex>horizontal</ex> distance</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Horizontal drill</col>, <cd>a drilling machine having a

horizontal drill spindle.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal engine</col>,

<cd>one the piston of which works horizontally.</cd> --

<col>Horizontal fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the fire of

ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of

elevation.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal force</col>

<fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the horizontal component of the earth's

magnetic force.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal line</col>

<fld>(Descriptive Geometry & Drawing)</fld>, <cd>a constructive

line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of

sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all

verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are

found.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal parallax</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Parallax</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal plane</col>

<fld>(Descriptive Geometry)</fld>, <cd>a plane parallel to the

horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See

<er>Projection</er>. It is upon the horizontal plane that the

ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn.</cd> --

<col>Horizontal projection</col>, <cd>a projection made on a

plane parallel to the horizon.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal

range</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>the distance in a

horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile.</cd> --

<col>Horizontal water wheel</col>, <cd>a water wheel in which the

axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal

plane, as in most turbines.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hor`i*zon*tal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>horizontalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality

of being horizontal.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<hw>Hor`i*zon"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a horizontal

direction or position; on a level; <as>as, moving

<ex>horizontally</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hor`mo*go*ni"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/a chain + <?/ generation.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A chain of small cells in certain alg\'91,

by which the plant is propogated.</def>



<hw>Horn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>horn</ets>; akin to D. <ets>horen</ets>, <ets>hoorn</ets>,

G., Icel., Sw., & Dan. <ets>horn</ets>, Goth.

<ets>ha\'a3rn</ets>, W., Gael., & Ir. <ets>corn</ets>, L.

<ets>cornu</ets>, Gr. <?/, and perh. also to E. <ets>cheer</ets>,

<ets>cranium</ets>, <ets>cerebral</ets>; cf. Skr.

<ets>\'87iras</ets> head. Cf. <er>Carat</er>, <er>Corn</er> on

the foot, <er>Cornea</er>, <er>Corner</er>, <er>Cornet</er>,

<er>Cornucopia</er>, <er>Hart</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the

heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle,

goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist

externally of true horn, and are never shed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The antler of a deer, which is of bone

throughout, and annually shed and renewed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any natural projection or

excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a

horn in substance or form; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> A projection from

the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. <sd>(b)</sd> A tuft of

feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl.

<sd>(c)</sd> A hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an

insect, or the head of a reptile, or fish. <sd>(d)</sd> A sharp

spine in front of the fins of a fish, as in the horned

pout.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An incurved, tapering and

pointed appendage found in the flowers of the milkweed

(<spn>Asclepias</spn>).</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a

horn</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wind instrument of music;

originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a ram); now applied

to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass or other

metal, resembling a horn in shape</def>. \'bdWind his

<xex>horn</xex> under the castle wall.\'b8  <au>Spenser</au>. See

<cref>French horn</cref>, under <er>French</er>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of

the horns of cattle</def>. \'bd<xex>Horns</xex> of mead and

ale.\'b8 <au>Mason</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The cornucopia, or

horn of plenty</def>. See <er>Cornucopia</er>. \'bdFruits and

flowers from Amalth\'91a's <xex>horn</xex>.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for

containing powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying

liquids.</def> \'bdSamuel took the <xex>horn</xex>of oil and

anointed him [David].\'b8 <au>1 Sam. xvi. 13</au>. <sd>(e)</sd>

<def>The pointed beak of an anvil</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>The

high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a

lady's saddle for supporting the leg</def>. <sd>(g)</sd>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The Ionic volute</def>. <sd>(h)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The outer end of a crosstree; also, one

of the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc.</def>

<sd>(i)</sd> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A curved projection on the

fore part of a plane</def>. <sd>(j)</sd> <def>One of the

projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt

offering.</def>  \'bdJoab . . . caught hold on the

<xex>horns</xex> of the altar.\'b8 <au>1 Kings ii. 28</au>.



<sn>6.</sn> <def>One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an

extremity or cusp of the moon when crescent-shaped.</def>



<q>The moon

Wears a wan circle round her blunted <qex>horns</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The curving extremity of the

wing of an army or of a squadron drawn up in a crescentlike

form.</def>



<q>Sharpening in mooned <qex>horns</qex>

Their phalanx.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The tough, fibrous material of which true horns

are composed, being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with

some phosphate of lime; also, any similar substance, as that

which forms the hoof crust of horses, sheep, and cattle; <as>as,

a spoon of <ex>horn</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A symbol of strength,

power, glory, exaltation, or pride.</def>



<q>The Lord is . . . the <qex>horn</qex> of my salvation.</q>

<qau>Ps. xviii. 2.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the

plural.</def> \'bdThicker than a cuckold's <xex>horn</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Horn block</col>, <cd>the frame or pedestal in which a

railway car axle box slides up and down; -- also called

<altname>horn plate</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horn of a

dilemma</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dilemma</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horn

distemper</col>, <cd>a disease of cattle, affecting the internal

substance of the horn.</cd> -- <col>Horn drum</col>, <cd>a wheel

with long curved scoops, for raising water.</cd> -- <col>Horn

lead</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>chloride of lead.</cd> --

<col>Horn maker</col>, <cd>a maker of cuckolds.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>Horn

mercury</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <xex>Horn

quicksilver<xex> (below).</cd> -- <col>Horn poppy</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant allied to the poppy (<spn>Glaucium

luteum</spn>), found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and

Virginia; -- called also <altname>horned poppy</altname>.

<au>Gray</au>.</cd> -- <col>Horn pox</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,

<cd>abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken

pox.</cd> -- <col>Horn quicksilver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,

<cd>native calomel, or bichloride of mercury.</cd> -- <col>Horn

shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any long, sharp, spiral,

gastropod shell, of the genus <spn>Cerithium</spn>, and allied

genera.</cd> -- <col>Horn silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,

<cd>cerargyrite.</cd> -- <col>Horn slate</col>, <cd>a gray,

siliceous stone.</cd> -- <col>To haul in one's horns</col>, to

withdraw some arrogant pretension. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><-- = to

pull in one's horns --> -- <col>To</col> <col>raise, <or/

lift</col>, <col>the horn</col></mcol> <fld>(Script.)</fld>,

<cd>to exalt one's self; to act arrogantly. \'bd'Gainst them that

raised thee dost thou <xex>lift<xex> thy <xex>horn<xex>?\'b8

<au>Milton</au>.</cd> -- <col>To take a horn</col>, <cd>to take a

drink of intoxicating liquor. <mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>

<-- blow one's own horn.  To call attention to one's own

accomplishments.  opposed to "hide one's light under a bushel" 

-->



<hw>Horn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to wear horns; to cuckold.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Horn"beak`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fish. See

<er>Hornfish</er>.</def>



<hw>Horn"beam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Beam</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the genus

<spn>Carpinus</spn> (<spn>C. Americana</spn>), having a smooth

gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard.

It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and

is also called <altname>ironwood</altname>. The English hornbeam

is <spn>C. Betulus</spn>. The American is called also

<altname>blue beech</altname> and <altname>water

beech</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Hop hornbeam</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Hop</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Horn"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the family

<spn>Bucerotid\'91</spn>, of which about sixty species are known,

belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical parts of

Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for having

a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large and

hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size of

the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of a raven, or

even larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species eat

dead animals.</def>



<-- p. 706 -->



<hw>Horn"blende`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., fr.

<ets>horn</ets> horn + <ets>blende</ets> blende.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The common black, or dark green or brown,

variety of amphibole. (See <er>Amphibole</er>.) It belongs to the

aluminous division of the species, and is also characterized by

its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to

include the whole species.</def>



<cs><col>Hornblende schist</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a

hornblende rock of schistose structure.</cd></cs>



<hw>Horn*blend"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Composed

largely of hornblende; resembling or relating to

hornblende.</def>



<hw>Horn"blow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hornbl\'bewere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which,

blows a horn.</def>



<hw>Horn"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The first book for children, or that from which in former

times they learned their letters and rudiments; -- so called

because a sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or

the slip of paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the

Lord's Prayer, were written or printed; a primer.</def> \'bdHe

teaches boys the <xex>hornbook</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A book containing the rudiments of any science

or branch of knowledge; a manual; a handbook.</def>



<hw>Horn"bug`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large nocturnal beetle of the genus

<spn>Lucanus</spn> (as <spn>L. capreolus</spn>, and <spn>L.

dama</spn>), having long, curved upper jaws, resembling a sickle.

The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees.</def>



<hw>Horned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with a

horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage;

<as>as, <ex>horned</ex> cattle</as>; having some part shaped like

a horn.</def>



<q>The <qex>horned</qex> moon with one bright star

Within the nether tip.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<cs><col>Horned bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a British

wild bee (<spn>Osmia bicornis</spn>), having two little horns on

the head.</cd> -- <col>Horned dace</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>an American cyprinoid fish (<spn>Semotilus corporialis</spn>)

common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See

<xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Chub</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horned

frog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large Brazilian frog

(<spn>Ceratophrys cornuta</spn>), having a pair of triangular

horns arising from the eyelids.</cd> -- <col>Horned grebe</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of grebe (<spn>Colymbus

auritus</spn>), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense

tufts of feathers on the head.</cd> -- <col>Horned horse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gnu.</cd> -- <col>Horned

lark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the shore lark.</cd> --

<col>Horned lizard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the horned

toad.</cd> -- <col>Horned owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

large North American owl (<spn>Bubo Virginianus</spn>), having a

pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct

varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky, and striped

<xex>horned owls<xex>, differing in color, and inhabiting

different regions; -- called also <altname>great horned

owl</altname>, <altname>horn owl</altname>, <altname>eagle

owl</altname>, and <altname>cat owl</altname>. Sometimes also

applied to the <altname>long-eared owl</altname>. See <cref>Eared

owl</cref>, under <er>Eared</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horned

poppy</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Horn poppy</cref>,

under <er>Horn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horned pout</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American fresh-water siluroid fish;

the bullpout.</cd> -- <col>Horned rattler</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of rattlesnake

(<spn>Crotalus cerastes</spn>), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains,

from California to Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns

between the eyes; -- called also

<altname>sidewinder</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horned ray</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the sea devil.</cd> -- <col>Horned

screamer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kamichi.</cd> --

<col>Horned snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

cerastes.</cd> -- <col>Horned toad</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>any lizard of the genus <spn>Phrynosoma</spn>, of which nine

or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike

spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny

scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to

Mexico and Texas. Called also <altname>horned

lizard</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horned viper</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cerastes</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Horn"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of being horned.</def>



<hw>Horn"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European sand eel.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Horn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who works or deal in horn or horns.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Grew.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who winds or blows the horn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who horns or cuckolds.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Massinger.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The British sand lance or

sand eel (<spn>Ammodytes lanceolatus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Hor"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hyrnet</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hornaz</ets>,

<ets>hornuz</ets>, G. <ets>horniss</ets>; perh. akin to E.

<ets>horn</ets>, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing

the horn; but more prob. akin to D. <ets>horzel</ets>, Lith.

<ets>szirszone</ets>, L. <ets>crabo</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, strong wasp. The European

species (<spn>Vespa crabro</spn>) is of a dark brown and yellow

color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its

nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of

comb are hung together by columns. The American white-faced

hornet (<spn>V. maculata</spn>) is larger and has similar

habits.</def>



<cs><col>Hornet fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any

dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Asilus</spn>, and allied

genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and

fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger

than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also <altname>hawk

fly</altname>, <altname>robber fly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To

stir up a hornet's nest</col>, <cd>to provoke the attack of a

swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Horn"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hornfisc</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

garfish or sea needle.</def>



<hw>Horn"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

hoofs; hoofed.</def>



<hw>Horn"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Horn</ets> + -<ets>fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To horn; to

cuckold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Horn"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Appearance of the moon when

increasing, or in the form of a crescent.</def>



<au>J. Gregory.</au>



<cs><col>Letters of horning</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>the

process or authority by which a person, directed by the decree of

a court of justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to

comply therewith.</cd></cs>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>Horn"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat like horn;

hard.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hor*ni"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A dim.

fr. Sp. <ets>horno</ets> oven, L. <ets>furnus</ets>. See

<er>Furnace</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A low,

oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and emitting smoke

and vapors from its sides and summit.</def>



<au>Humboldt.</au>



<hw>Horn"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

horn.</def>



<hw>Horn"-mad`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Quite mad;

-- raving crazy.</def>



<q>Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are

<qex>horn-mad</qex> after?</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<hw>Hor"no*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hornotinus</ets> of this year.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A yearling; a bird of the year.</def>



<hw>Horn"owl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Horned Owl</er>.</def>



<hw>Horn"pike`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

garfish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Horn"pipe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument of music formerly popular in

Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It

was so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made

of horn.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A lively tune played on a

hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for such playing.</def>



<q>Many a <qex>hornpipe</qex> he tuned to his Phyllis.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a

tune, and popular among sailors.<-- = sailor's hornpipe -->



<hw>Horn"pout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Horned pout</cref>, under

<er>Horned</er>.</def>



<hw>Horn"snake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A harmless snake (<spn>Farancia

abacura</spn>), found in the Southern United States. The color is

bluish black above, red below.</def>



<hw>Horn"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz,

closely resembling flint, but more brittle; -- called also

<altname>chert</altname>.</def>



<hw>Horn"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of family

(<spn>Urocerid\'91</spn>) of large hyminopterous insects, allied

to the sawflies. The larv\'91 bore in the wood of trees. So

called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females.</def>



<hw>Horn"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An outwork composed of two demibastions

joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by

long wings.</def>



<hw>Horn"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>An aquatic plant (<spn>Ceratophyllum</spn>), with finely

divided leaves.</def>



<hw>Horn"wrack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bryozoan of the genus

<spn>Flustra</spn>.</def>



<hw>Horn"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Hornier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Horniest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having horns or hornlike projections.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Composed or made of horn, or of a substance

resembling horn; of the nature of horn.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>horny</xex> . . . coat of the eye.\'b8



<au>Ray.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hard; callous.</def> \'bdHis <xex>horny</xex>

fist.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Horn"y-hand`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the hands horny and callous from labor.</def>



<hw>Horn"y*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any North American river chub of the

genus <spn>Hybopsis</spn>, esp. <spn>H. biguttatus</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ho*rog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hour + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>horographie</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An account of the hours.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of constructing instruments for making

the hours, as clocks, watches, and dials.</def>



<hw>Hor"o*loge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>horologe</ets>, <ets>orloge</ets>, timepiece, OF.

<ets>horloge</ets>, <ets>orloge</ets>, <ets>oriloge</ets>, F.

<ets>horloge</ets>, L. <ets>horologium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/

hour + <?/ to say, tell. See <er>Hour</er>, and

<er>Logic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A servant who called out

the hours.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument indicating the time of day; a

timepiece of any kind; a watch, clock, or dial.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ho*rol"o*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A maker or

vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in horology.</def>



<hw>Hor`o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>horologicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Relating to a

horologe, or to horology.</def>



<hw>Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Horologiography</er>.]</ety> <def>A maker of

clocks, watches, or dials.</def>



<hw>Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to horologiography.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ horologe + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An account of instruments that show the hour.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of constructing clocks or dials;

horography.</def>



<hw>Ho*rol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in horology.</def>



<hw>Ho*rol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Horologe</er>.]</ety> <def>The science of measuring time, or

the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring

and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials,

etc.</def>



<hw>Ho*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hour + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring

time.</def>



<hw>Hor`o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging to horometry.</def>



<hw>Ho*rom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>horom\'82trie</ets>. See <er>Horometer</er>.]</ety> <def>The

art, practice, or method of measuring time by hours and

subordinate divisions.</def> \'bdThe <xex>horometry</xex> of

antiquity.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ho*rop"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

boundary + <?/ one who looks.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The

line or surface in which are situated all the points which are

seen single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the

eyes, remains unchanged.</def>



<q>The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the

point of sight remains unchanged, is called the

<qex>horopter</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Le Conte.</qau>



<hw>Hor`op*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the horopter.</def>



<hw>Hor"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>horoscope</ets>, L. <ets>horoscopus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/,

adj., observing hours or times, esp. observing the hour of birth,

<pos>n.</pos>, a horoscope; <?/ hour + <?/ to view, observe. See

<er>Hour</er>, and <er>-scope</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The representation made of

the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by

which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the

person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above

the horizon at such a moment.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The diagram

or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the

whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such

prediction of fortune.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A table showing the length of the days and

nights at all places.</def>



<au>Heyse.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hor"o*sco`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ho*ros"co*pist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One versed in horoscopy; an astrologer.</def>



<hw>Ho*ros"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or observing the

disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction events.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's

birth.</def>



<hw>Hor*ren"dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>horrendus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fearful; frightful.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>I. Watts.</au>



<hw>Hor"rent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>horrens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>horrere</ets> to bristle. See

<er>Horror</er>.]</ety> <def>Standing erect, as bristles; covered

with bristling points; bristled; bristling.</def>



<q>Rough and <qex>horrent</qex> with figures in strong

relief.</q>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<q>With bright emblazonry and <qex>horrent</qex> arms.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hor"ri*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>horrible</ets>, <ets>orrible</ets>, OF. <ets>horrible</ets>,

<ets>orrible</ets>, F. <ets>horrible</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>horribilis</ets>, fr. <ets>horrere</ets>. See

<er>Horror</er>.]</ety> <def>Exciting, or tending to excite,

horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; <as>as, a

<ex>horrible</ex> sight; a <ex>horrible</ex> story; a

<ex>horrible</ex> murder.</as></def>



<q>A dungeon <qex>horrible</qex> on all sides round.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful;

terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid.</syn>



<hw>Hor"ri*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being horrible; dreadfulness; hideousness.</def>



<q>The <qex>horribleness</qex> of the mischief.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Hor"ri*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner to excite

horror; dreadfully; terribly.</def>



<hw>Hor"rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>horridus</ets>. See <er>Horror</er>, and cf.

<er>Ordure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rough; rugged;

bristling.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q><qex>Horrid</qex> with fern, and intricate with thorn.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous;

shocking; hence, very offensive.</def>



<q>Not in the legions

Of <qex>horrid</qex> hell.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The <qex>horrid</qex> things they say.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful;

awful; terrific; horrible; abominable.</syn>



<hw>Hor"rid*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a horrid

manner.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hor"rid*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

horrid.</def>



<hw>Hor*rif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>horrifieus</ets>; <ets>horrere</ets> to be horrible +

<ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make: cf. F.

<ets>horrifique</ets>. See <er>Horror</er>, <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>

<def>Causing horror; frightful.</def>



<q>Let . . . nothing ghastly or <qex>horrific</qex> be

supposed.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

which causes horror.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Miss Edgeworth.</au>



<hw>Hor"ri*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Horrified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Horrifying</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>horrificare</ets>. See

<er>Horrific</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to feel horror; to strike

or impress with horror; <as>as, the sight <ex>horrified</ex> the

beholders</as>.</def>



<au>E. Irving.</au>



<hw>Hor*rip`i*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>horripilatio</ets>, fr. <ets>horripilare</ets> to bristle;

<ets>horrere</ets> to bristle + <ets>pilus</ets> the hair: cf. F.

<ets>horripilation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A real or

fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from

disease, terror, chilliness, etc.</def>



<hw>Hor*ris"o*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Horrisonous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hor*ris"o*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>horrisonus</ets>; <ets>horrere</ets> to be horrible +

<ets>sonus</ets> a sound.]</ety> <def>Sounding dreadfully;

uttering a terrible sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Hor"ror</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly

written <ets>horrour</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[L. <ets>horror</ets>,

fr. <ets>horrere</ets> to bristle, to shiver, to tremble with

cold or dread, to be dreadful or terrible; cf. Skr.

<ets>h<?/sh</ets> to bristle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bristling

up; a rising into roughness; tumultuous movement.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Such fresh <qex>horror</qex> as you see driven through the

wrinkled waves.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the

cold fit which precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill

of less severity than a <xex>rigor</xex>, and more marked than an

<xex>algor</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A painful emotion of fear, dread, and

abhorrence; a shuddering with terror and detestation; the feeling

inspired by something frightful and shocking.</def>



<q>How could this, in the sight of heaven, without

<qex>horrors</qex> of conscience be uttered?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which excites horror or dread, or is

horrible; gloom; dreariness.</def>



<q>Breathes a browner <qex>horror</qex> on the woods.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>The horrors</col>, <cd>delirium tremens.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<-- p. 707 -->



<hw>Hor"ror-stick`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Struck

with horror; horrified.</def>



<q>Blank and <qex>horror-stricken</qex> faces.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<hw>Hor"ror-struck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Horror-stricken; horrified.</def>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hors` de com`bat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Out of the combat; disabled from fighting.</def><-- = out of

action -->



<hw>Horse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hors</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hros</ets>, D. & OHG.

<ets>ros</ets>, G. <ets>ross</ets>, Icel. <ets>hross</ets>; and

perh. to L. <ets>currere</ets> to run, E. <ets>course</ets>,

<ets>current</ets> Cf. <er>Walrus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hoofed quadruped of the genus

<spn>Equus</spn>; especially, the domestic horse (<spn>E.

caballus</spn>), which was domesticated in Egypt and Asia at a

very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of each

jaw, with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and

below. The mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or

wanting. The horse differs from the true asses, in having a long,

flowing mane, and the tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it

has callosities, or chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels

in strength, speed, docility, courage, and nobleness of

character, and is used for drawing, carrying, bearing a rider,

and like purposes.</def>



<note><hand/ Many varieties, differing in form, size, color,

gait, speed, etc., are known, but all are believed to have been

derived from the same original species. It is supposed to have

been a native of the plains of Central Asia, but the wild species

from which it was derived is not certainly known. The feral

horses of America are domestic horses that have run wild; and it

is probably true that most of those of Asia have a similar

origin. Some of the true wild Asiatic horses do, however,

approach the domestic horse in several characteristics.

Several species of fossil (<spn>Equus</spn>) are known from the

later Tertiary formations of Europe and America. The fossil

species of other genera of the family <spn>Equid\'91</spn> are

also often called <xex>horses</xex>, in general sense.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The male of the genus horse, in distinction from

the female or male; usually, a castrated male.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mounted soldiery; cavalry; -- used without the

plural termination; <as>as, a regiment of <ex>horse</ex></as>; --

distinguished from <xex>foot</xex>.</def>



<q>The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand

<qex>horse</qex> and foot.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A frame with legs, used to support something;

<as>as, a clothes<ex>horse</ex>, a saw<ex>horse</ex>,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which

soldiers were made to ride for punishment.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Anything, actual or figurative, on which one

rides as on a horse; a hobby.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A mass of earthy matter, or

rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the

course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to <xex>take

horse</xex> -- said of a vein -- is to divide into branches for a

distance.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See

<er>Footrope</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

breastband for a leadsman.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An iron bar

for a sheet traveler to slide upon.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A

jackstay.</def> <au>W. C. Russell</au>. <au>Totten</au>.



<note><hand/ <xex>Horse</xex> is much used adjectively and in

composition to signify <xex>of</xex>, or <xex>having to do

with</xex>, <xex>a horse</xex> or <xex>horses</xex>, <xex>like a

horse</xex>, etc.; as, <xex>horse</xex> collar, <xex>horse</xex>

dealer or <xex>horse</xex><?/dealer, <xex>horse</xex>hoe,

<xex>horse</xex> jockey; and hence, often in the sense of

<xex>strong</xex>, <xex>loud</xex>, <xex>coarse</xex>, etc.; as,

<xex>horse</xex>laugh, <xex>horse</xex> nettle or

<xex>horse</xex>-nettle, <xex>horse</xex>play, <xex>horse</xex>

ant, etc.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Black horse</col>, <col>Blood horse</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc. See under <er>Black</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Horse

aloes</col>, <cd>caballine aloes.</cd> -- <col>Horse ant</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large ant (<spn>Formica rufa</spn>);

-- called also <altname>horse emmet</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horse

artillery</col>, <cd>that portion of the artillery in which the

cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves with the

cavalry; flying artillery.</cd> -- <col>Horse balm</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a strong-scented labiate plant

(<spn>Collinsonia Canadensis</spn>), having large leaves and

yellowish flowers.</cd> -- <col>Horse bean</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the English or Windsor bean

(<spn>Faba vulgaris</spn>), grown for feeding horses.</cd> --

<col>Horse boat</col>, <cd>a boat for conveying horses and

cattle, or a boat propelled by horses.</cd> -- <col>Horse

bot</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Botfly</er>, and

<er>Bots</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horse box</col>, <cd>a railroad car

for transporting valuable horses, as hunters.</cd>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Horse</col> <col>breaker <or/

trainer</col></mcol>, <cd>one employed in subduing or training

horses for use.</cd> -- <col>Horse car</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

railroad car drawn by horses. See under <er>Car</er>.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A car fitted for transporting horses.</cd> --

<col>Horse cassia</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous plant

(<spn>Cassia Javanica</spn>), bearing long pods, which contain a

black, catharic pulp, much used in the East Indies as a horse

medicine.</cd> -- <col>Horse cloth</col>, <cd>a cloth to cover a

horse.</cd> -- <col>Horse conch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus Triton. See

<er>Triton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horse courser</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>One that runs horses, or keeps horses for racing.

<au>Johnson</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A dealer in horses.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Wiseman</au>.</cd> -- <col>Horse

crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Limulus; -- called also

<altname>horsefoot</altname>, <altname>horsehoe crab</altname>,

and <altname>king crab</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horse

crevall\'82</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cavally.</cd><--

a type of fish --> -- <col>Horse emmet</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the horse ant.</cd> -- <col>Horse

finch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chaffinch.</cd>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Horse gentian</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>fever root.</cd> -- <col>Horse iron</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a large calking iron.</cd> -- <col>Horse

latitudes</col>, <cd>a space in the North Atlantic famous for

calms and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of

higher latitudes and the trade winds. <au>Ham. Nav.

Encyc</au>.</cd> -- <col>Horse mackrel</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common tunny

(<spn>Orcynus thunnus</spn>), found on the Atlantic coast of

Europe and America, and in the Mediterranean.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>The bluefish (<spn>Pomatomus saltatrix</spn>).</cd>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The scad.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>The name is

locally applied to various other fishes, as the California hake,

the black candlefish, the jurel, the bluefish, etc.</cd> --

<col>Horse marine</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an awkward,

lubbery person; one of a mythical body of marine cavalry.</cd>

<mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Horse mussel</col></mcol>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, marine mussel (<spn>Modiola

modiolus</spn>), found on the northern shores of Europe and

America.</cd> -- <col>Horse nettle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

coarse, prickly, American herb, the <spn>Solanum

Carolinense</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Horse parsley</col>.

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Alexanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horse

purslain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse fleshy weed of

tropical America (<spn>Trianthema monogymnum</spn>).</cd> --

<col>Horse race</col>, <cd>a race by horses; a match of horses in

running or trotting.</cd> -- <col>Horse racing</col>, <cd>the

practice of racing with horses.</cd> -- <col>Horse

railroad</col>, <cd>a railroad on which the cars are drawn by

horses; -- in England, and sometimes in the United States, called

a <altname>tramway</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horse run</col>

<fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a device for drawing loaded

wheelbarrows up an inclined plane by horse power.</cd> --

<col>Horse sense</col>, <cd>strong common sense.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Horse soldier</col></mcol>,

<cd>a cavalryman.</cd> -- <col>Horse sponge</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, coarse, commercial sponge

(<spn>Spongia equina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Horse stinger</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, a large dragon fly. <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Horse sugar</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

shrub of the southern part of the United States (<spn>Symplocos

tinctoria</spn>), whose leaves are sweet, and good for

fodder.</cd> -- <col>Horse tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a winged, dipterous insect (<spn>Hippobosca equina</spn>),

which troubles horses by biting them, and sucking their blood; --

called also <altname>horsefly</altname>, <altname>horse

louse</altname>, and <altname>forest fly</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Horse vetch</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the

genus <spn>Hippocrepis</spn> (<spn>H. comosa</spn>), cultivated

for the beauty of its flowers; -- called also <altname>horsehoe

vetch</altname>, from the peculiar shape of its pods.</cd> --

<col>Iron horse</col>, <cd>a locomotive.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Salt horse</col>, <cd>the sailor's

name for salt beef.</cd> -- <col>To look a gift horse in the

mouth</col>, <cd>to examine the mouth of a horse which has been

received as a gift, in order to ascertain his age; -- hence, to

accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit.

<au>Lowell</au>.</cd> -- <col>To take horse</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To set out on horseback. <au>Macaulay</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To be covered, as a mare.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See

definition 7 (above).</cd></cs>



<hw>Horse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Horsed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Horsing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>horsion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To provide

with a horse, or with horses; to mount on, or as on, a

horse.</def> \'bdBeing better <xex>horsed</xex>, outrode me.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sit astride of; to bestride.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cover, as a mare; -- said of the male.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To take or carry on the back; <as>as, the

keeper, <ex>horsing</ex> a deer</as>.</def>



<au>S. Butler.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To place on the back of another, or on a wooden

horse, etc., to be flogged; to subject to such punishment.</def>



<hw>Horse</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To get on horseback.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shelton.</au>



<hw>Horse"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The back of a horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders,

in a half-stratified condition.</def>



<au>Agassiz.</au>



<cs><col>On horseback</col>, <cd>on the back of a horse; mounted

or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle.</cd></cs>



<q>The long journey was to be performed <qex>on

horseback</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Horse`-chest"nut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The large nutlike seed of a

species of <spn>\'92sculus</spn> (<spn>\'92.

Hippocastanum</spn>), formerly ground, and fed to horses, whence

the name.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tree itself, which was

brought from Constantinople in the beginning of the sixteenth

century, and is now common in the temperate zones of both

hemispheres. The native American species are called

<altname>buckeyes</altname>.</def>



<hw>Horse"-drench`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A dose of physic for a horse.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The appliance by which the dose is

administred.</def>



<hw>Horse"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The moonfish (<spn>Selene

setipinnis</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sauger.</def>



<hw>Horse"flesh`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The flesh of horses.</def>



<q>The Chinese eat <qex>horseflesh</qex> at this day.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse;

<as>as, he is a judge of <ex>horseflesh</ex></as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Horseflesh ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a miner's

name for bornite, in allusion to its peculiar reddish color on

fresh facture.</cd></cs>



<hw>Horse"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Horseflies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any dipterous fly of the family

<spn>Tabanid\'91</spn>, that stings horses, and sucks their

blood.</def>



<note><hand/ Of these flies there are numerous species, both in

Europe and America. They have a large proboscis with four sharp

lancets for piercing the skin. Called also <altname>breeze

fly</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Diptera</er>, and

<er>Breeze fly</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horse tick or forest

fly (<spn>Hippobosca</spn>).</def>



<hw>Horse"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Horsefeet</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The coltsfoot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Limulus or horseshoe

crab.</def>



<hw>Horse" Guards`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A

body of cavalry so called; esp., a British regiment, called the

Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of state for the

sovereign.</def>



<cs><col>The Horse Guards</col>, <cd>a name given to the former

headquarters of the commander in chief of the British army, at

Whitehall in London.</cd></cs>



<hw>Horse"hair`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hair of a

horse, especially one from the mane or tail; the hairs of the

mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or tuft made of such

hairs.</def>



<cs><col>Horsehair worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hair

worm or gordius.</cd></cs>



<hw>Horse"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The silver moonfish (<spn>Selene

vomer</spn>).</def>



<hw>Horse"hide`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The hide of a horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Leather made of the hide of a horse.</def>



<hw>Horse"-jock`ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A professional rider and trainer of race horses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trainer and dealer in horses.</def>



<hw>Horse"knop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Knapweed.</def>



<hw>Horse"laugh`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A loud,

boisterous laugh; a guffaw.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Horse"-leech`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large blood-sucking leech

(<spn>H\'91mopsis vorax</spn>), of Europe and Northern Africa. It

attacks the lips and mouths of horses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.</def>



<hw>Horse"-leech`er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

business of a farrier; especially, the art of curing the diseases

of horses.</def>



<hw>Horse"-lit`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

carriage hung on poles, and borne by and between two

horses.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Horse"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Horsemen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

rider on horseback; one skilled in the management of horses; a

mounted man.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A mounted soldier; a

cavalryman.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A land crab

of the genus <spn>Ocypoda</spn>, living on the coast of Brazil

and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A West Indian fish of the genus

<spn>Eques</spn>, as the light-horseman (<spn>E.

lanceolatus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Horse"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or art of

riding, and of training and managing horses; manege.</def>



<hw>Horse"mint`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A coarse American plant of

the Mint family (<spn>Monarda punctata</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>In England, the wild mint (<spn>Mentha

sylvestris</spn>).</def>



<hw>Horse"nail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thin,

pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head, for securing a horsehoe

to the hoof; a horsehoe nail.</def>



<hw>Horse"play`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rude,

boisterous play.</def>



<q>Too much given to <qex>horseplay</qex> in his raillery.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Horse"pond`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pond for

watering horses.</def>



<hw>Horse" pow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>. <sn>1.</sn> The power

which a horse exerts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A unit of power, used in

stating the power required to drive machinery, and in estimating

the capabilities of animals or steam engines and other prime

movers for doing work. It is the power required for the

performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English units of work

per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted in

lifting 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550

pounds at the rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the

rate of ten feet per second, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ The power of a draught horse, of average strength,

working eight hours per day, is about four fifths of a standard

<xex>horse power</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Brake horse power</col>, <cd>the net effective power of

a prime mover, as a steam engine, water wheel, etc., in horse

powers, as shown by a friction brake. See <cref>Friction

brake</cref>, under <er>Friction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indicated

horse power</col>, <cd>the power exerted in the cylinder of an

engine, stated in horse powers, estimated from the diameter and

speed of the piston, and the mean effective pressure upon it as

shown by an indicator. See <er>Indicator</er>.</cd> --

<col>Nominal horse power</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a

term still sometimes used in England to express certain

proportions of cylinder, but having no value as a standard of

measurement.</cd></cs>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A machine worked by a horse, for driving other

machinery; a horse motor.</def>



<hw>Horse"-rad`ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Nasturtium</spn>

(<spn>N. Armoracia</spn>), allied to scurvy grass, having a root

of a pungent taste, much used, when grated, as a condiment and in

medicine.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<cs><col>Horse-radish tree</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Moringa</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Horse"rake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rake

drawn by a horse.</def>



<hw>Horse"shoe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in

form somewhat like the letter <sansserif>U</sansserif>, nailed to

a horse's hoof.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything shaped like a horsehoe crab.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Limulus of horsehoe

crab.</def>



<cs><col>Horsehoe head</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an old name

for the condition of the skull in children, in which the sutures

are too open, the coronal suture presenting the form of a

horsehoe. <au>Dunglison</au>.</cd> -- <col>Horsehoe magnet</col>,

<cd>an artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe.</cd> --

<col>Horsehoe nail</col>. <cd>See <er>Horsenail</er>.</cd> --

<col>Horsehoe nose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bat of the

genus <spn>Rhinolophus</spn>, having a nasal fold of skin shaped

like a horsehoe.</cd></cs>



<hw>Horse"sho`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

shoes horses.</def>



<hw>Horse"shoe`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or employment of shoeing horses.</def>



<hw>Horse"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike

stems. It is of the genus <spn>Equisetum</spn>, and is allied to

the ferns. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Equisetum</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Turkish standard, denoting rank.</def>



<note><hand/ Commanders are distinguished by the number of

<xex>horsetails</xex> carried before them. Thus, the sultan has

seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas three, two, or

one.</note>



<cs><col>Shrubby horsetail</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Joint-fir</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Horse"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A composite plant (<spn>Erigeron

Canadensis</spn>), which is a common weed.</def>



<hw>Horse"whip`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A whip for

horses.</def>



<hw>Horse"whip`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To flog or chastise

with a horsewhip.</def>



<hw>Horse"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Horsewomen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman who

rides on horseback.</def>



<hw>Horse"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A West Indian tree (<spn>Calliandra

latifolia</spn>) with showy, crimson blossoms.</def>



<hw>Horse"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The larva

of a botfly.</def>



<hw>Hors"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The condition or quality of being a horse; that which

pertains to a horse.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fondness for, or interest in, horses.</def>



<hw>Hors"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Horselike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hors"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse racing; <as>as,

<ex>horsy</ex> manners; garments of fantastically <ex>horsy</ex>

fashions.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Hor*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hortatio</ets>, fr. <ets>hortari</ets> to incite, exhort,

fr. <ets>hori</ets> to urge.]</ety> <def>The act of exhorting,

inciting, or giving advice; exhortation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hor"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hortativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving exhortation; advisory;

exhortative.</def>



<au>Bullokar.</au>



<-- p. 708 -->



<hw>Hor"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

exhortation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hor"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hortatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving exhortation or advise;

encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; <as>as, a <ex>hortatory</ex>

speech</as>.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Hor*ten"sial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hortensius</ets>, <ets>hortensis</ets>, fr.

<ets>hortus</ets> garden; akin to E. <ets>yard</ets> an

inclosure.]</ety> <def>Fit for a garden.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Hor"ti*cul`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>hortus</ets> garden + <ets>cultor</ets> a cultivator,

<ets>colere</ets> to cultivate.]</ety> <def>One who cultivates a

garden.</def>



<hw>Hor`ti*cul"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>horticultural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards.</def>



<hw>Hor"ti*cul`ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hortus</ets> garden + <ets>cultura</ets> culture: cf. F.

<ets>horticulture</ets>. See <er>Yard</er> an inclosure, and

<er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <def>The cultivation of a garden or

orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards.</def>



<hw>Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who practices horticulture.</def>



<hw>Hor"tu*lan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hortulanus</ets>; <ets>hortus</ets> garden.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to a garden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hor"tus sic"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., a dry

garden.]</ety> <def>A collection of specimens of plants, dried

and preserved, and arranged systematically; an herbarium.</def>



<hw>Hort"yard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

orchard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ho*san"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hosannas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. Heb.

<ets>h\'d3sh\'c6'\'beh nn\'be</ets>save now, save, we pray,

<ets>h\'d3sh\'c6a'</ets> to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of

<ets>y\'besha'</ets>) + <ets>n\'be</ets>, a particle.]</ety>

<def>A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation

of blessings.</def> \'bd<xex>Hosanna</xex> to the Highest.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q><qex>Hosanna</qex> to the Son of David.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxi. 9.</qau>



<hw>Hose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hose</plw>, formerly <plw>Hosen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[AS. <ets>hose</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoos</ets>, G.

<ets>hose</ets> breeches, OHG. <ets>hosa</ets>, Icel.

<ets>hosa</ets> stocking, gather, Dan. <ets>hose</ets> stocking;

cf. Russ. <ets>koshulia</ets> a fur jacket.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn,

reaching to the knee.</def>



<q>These men were bound in their coats, their <qex>hosen</qex>,

and their hats, and their other garments.</q>

<qau>Dan. iii. 21.</qau>



<q>His youthful <qex>hose</qex>, well saved, a world too wide

For his shrunk shank.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Covering for the feet and lower part of the

legs; a stocking or stockings.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber,

or other material, and used for conveying fluids, especially

water, from a faucet, hydrant, or fire engine.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Hose carriage</col>, <col>cart</col>, <or/

<col>truck</col></mcol>, <cd>a wheeled vehicle fitted for

conveying hose for extinguishing fires.</cd> -- <col>Hose

company</col>, <cd>a company of men appointed to bring and manage

hose in the extinguishing of fires.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> --

<col>Hose coupling</col></mcol>, <cd>coupling with interlocking

parts for uniting hose, end to end.</cd> -- <col>Hose

wrench</col>, <cd>a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite

or disconnect them.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ho"sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hose</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Ho"sier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who deals

in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or woven like hose.</def>



<hw>Ho"sier*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The business of a hosier.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like

hose.</def>



<hw>Hos"pice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>hospitium</ets> hospitality, a place where strangers are

entertained, fr. <ets>hospes</ets> stranger, guest. See

<er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <def>A convent or monastery

which is also a place of refuge or entertainment for travelers on

some difficult road or pass, as in the Alps; <as>as, the

<ex>Hospice</ex> of the Great St</as>. Bernard.</def>



<hw>Hos"pi*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>hospitable</ets>, LL. <ets>hospitare</ets> to receive as a

guest. See <er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Receiving and entertaining strangers or guests with kindness

and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; characterized

by hospitality.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proceeding from or indicating kindness and

generosity to guests and strangers; <as>as, <ex>hospitable</ex>

rites</as>.</def>



<q>To where you taper cheers the vale

With <qex>hospitable</qex> ray.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being hospitable; hospitality.</def>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Hos"pi*ta*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hospitable

manner.</def>



<hw>Hos"pi*tage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>hospitagium</ets>, for L. <ets>hospitium</ets>. See

<er>Hospice</er>.]</ety> <def>Hospitality.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hos"pi*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>hospital</ets>, <ets>ospital</ets>, F.

<ets>h\'93pital</ets>, LL. <ets>hospitale</ets> (or perh. E.

<ets>hospital</ets> is directly from the Late Latin), from L.

<ets>hospitalis</ets> relating to a guest, <ets>hospitalia</ets>

apartments for guests, fr. <ets>hospes</ets> guest. See

<er>Host</er> a landlord, and cf. <er>Hostel</er>,

<er>Hotel</er>, <er>Spital</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place

for shelter or entertainment; an inn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm

are received and treated; a public or private institution founded

for reception and cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in

body or mind, or disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which

they are treated either at their own expense, or more often by

charity in whole or in part; a tent, building, or other place

where the sick or wounded of an army cared for.</def>



<cs><col>Hospital ship</col>, <cd>a vessel fitted up for a

floating hospital.</cd> -- <col>Hospital Sunday</col>, <cd>a

Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution in churches to

hospitals; as, the London <xex>Hospital Sunday<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hos"pi*tal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hospitalis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>hospital</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Hospitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Hos"pi*tal*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>hospitaller</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F.

<ets>hospitalier</ets>. See <er>Hospital</er>, and cf.

<er>Hostler</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One residing in a

hospital, for the purpose of receiving the poor, the sick, and

strangers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of an order of knights who built a hospital

at Jerusalem for pilgrims, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1042.  They were called

<xex>Knights of St. John of Jerusalem</xex>, and after the

removal of the order to Malta, <xex>Knights of Malta</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hos"pi*tal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vitiated condition of the body, due to

long confinement in a hospital, or the morbid condition of the

atmosphere of a hospital.</def>



<hw>Hos`pi*tal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hospitalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>hospitalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hospitalit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and

entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or with kind

and generous liberality.</def>



<q>Given to <qex>hospitality</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rom. xii. 13.</qau>



<q>And little recks to find the way to heaven

By doing deeds of <qex>hospitality</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hos"pi*tal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To render (a building) unfit for

habitation, by long continued use as a hospital.</def>



<hw>Hos"pi*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hospitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>hospitari</ets> to be a

guest, fr. <ets>hospes</ets> guest.]</ety> <def>To receive

hospitality; to be a guest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Grew.</au>



<hw>Hos"pi*tate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To receive with

hospitality; to lodge as a guest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hos*pi"ti*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

See <er>Hospice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An inn; a lodging;

a hospice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An inn of court.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hos"po*dar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

Slav. word; cf. Russ. <ets>gospodare</ets> lord, master.]</ety>

<def>A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and

Wallachia before those countries were united as Roumania.</def>



<hw>Host</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>hostia</ets> sacrifice, victim, from <ets>hostire</ets> to

strike.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The consecrated wafer,

believed to be the body of Christ, which in the Mass is offered

as a sacrifice; also, the bread before consecration.</def>



<note><hand/ In the Latin Vulgate the word was applied to the

Savior as being an offering for the sins of men.</note>



<hw>Host</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>host</ets>,

<ets>ost</ets>, OF. <ets>host</ets>, <ets>ost</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>hostis</ets> enemy, LL., army. See <er>Guest</er>, and cf.

<er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An army; a

number of men gathered for war.</def>



<q>A <qex>host</qex> so great as covered all the field.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any great number or multitude; a throng.</def>



<q>And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the

heavenly <qex>host</qex> praising God.</q>

<qau>Luke ii. 13.</qau>



<q>All at once I saw a crowd,

A <qex>host</qex>, of golden daffodils.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Host</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>host</ets>,

<ets>ost</ets>, OF. <ets>hoste</ets>, <ets>oste</ets>, F.

<ets>h\'93te</ets>, from L. <ets>hospes</ets> a stranger who is

treated as a guest, he who treats another as his guest, a hostl

prob. fr. <ets>hostis</ets> stranger, enemy (akin to E.

<ets>guest</ets> a visitor) + <ets>potis</ets> able; akin to Skr.

<ets>pati</ets> master, lord. See <er>Host</er> an army,

<er>Possible</er>, and cf. <er>Hospitable</er>,

<er>Hotel</er>.]</ety> <def>One who receives or entertains

another, whether gratuitosly or for compensation; one from whom

another receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a

landlord.</def> <au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdFair <xex>host</xex> and

Earl.\'b8 <au>Tennyson</au>.



<q>Time is like a fashionable <qex>host</qex>,

That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Host</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give entertainment

to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Host</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lodge at an inn; to take

up entertainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWhere you shall

<xex>host</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hos"tage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hostage</ets>, OF. <ets>hostage</ets>, <ets>ostage</ets>, F.

<ets>\'93tage</ets>, LL. <ets>hostaticus</ets>,

<ets>ostaticum</ets>, for <ets>hospitaticum</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>hospes</ets> guest, host. The first meaning is, the state of

a guest, hospitality; hence, the state of a hostage (treated as a

guest); and both these meanings occur in Old French. See

<er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <def>A person given as a pledge

or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or

stipulations of any kind, on the performance of which the person

is to be released.</def>



<q>Your <qex>hostages</qex> I have, so have you mine;

And we shall talk before we fight.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He that hath a wife and children hath given

<qex>hostages</qex> to fortune.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Hos"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hostel</ets>, <ets>ostel</ets>, OF. <ets>hostel</ets>,

<ets>ostel</ets>, LL. <ets>hospitale</ets>,

<ets>hospitalis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>hospitalis</ets>. See

<er>Hospital</er>, and cf. <er>Hotel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An inn.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Poe.</au>



<q>So pass I <qex>hostel</qex>, hall, and grange.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small, unendowed college in Oxford or

Cambridge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<hw>Hos"tel*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hostel</er>, and cf. <er>Hostler</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The keeper of a hostel or inn.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A student in a hostel, or small unendowed

collede in Oxford or Cambridge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Hos"tel*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hostelrie</ets>, <ets>hostelrye</ets>, <ets>ostelrie</ets>,

OF. <ets>hostelerie</ets>, fr. <ets>hostel</ets>. See

<er>Hostel</er>.]</ety> <def>An inn; a lodging house.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdHomely brought up in

a rude <xex>hostelry</xex>.\'b8 <au>B. Jonson</au>.



<q>Come with me to the <qex>hostelry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Host"ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hostesse</ets>, <ets>ostesse</ets>. See <er>Host</er> a

landlord.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A female host; a woman who

hospitably entertains guests at her house.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A woman who entertains guests for compensation;

a female innkeeper.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Host"ess-ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The character,

personality, or office of a hostess.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hos"tie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See 1st

<er>Host</er>.]</ety> <def>The consecrated wafer; the host.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<hw>Hos"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hostilis</ets>, from <ets>hostis</ets> enemy: cf. F.

<ets>hostile</ets>. See <er>Host</er> an army.]</ety>

<def>Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the

disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a

desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies;

inimical; unfriendly; <as>as, a <ex>hostile</ex> force;

<ex>hostile</ex> intentions; a <ex>hostile</ex> country;

<ex>hostile</ex> to a sudden change.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic;

opposed; adverse; opposite; contrary; repugnant.</syn>



<hw>Hos"tile</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An enemy; esp., an American

Indian in arms against the whites; -- commonly in the

plural.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>P. H. Sheridan.</au>



<hw>Hos"tile*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hostile

manner.</def>



<hw>Hos*til"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hostilities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>hostilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hostilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>State of being hostile; public or private enemy;

unfriendliness; animosity.</def>



<q><qex>Hostility</qex> being thus suspended with France.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed;

especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an

enemy.</def>



<q>We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have

carried on even our <qex>hostilities</qex> with humanity.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<q>He who proceeds to wanton <qex>hostility</qex>, often provokes

an enemy where he might have a friend.</q>

<qau>Crabb.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression;

contention; warfare.</syn>



<hw>Hos"til*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

hostile; to cause to become an enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>A. Seward.</au>



<hw>Host"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Host</er> an army.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An encounter; a battle.</def> \'bdFierce

<xex>hosting</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A muster or review.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hos"tler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hosteler</ets>, <ets>osteler</ets>, innkeeper, OF.

<ets>hostelier</ets>, F. <ets>h\'93telier</ets>. See

<er>Hostel</er>, and cf. <er>Hospitaler</er>,

<er>Hosteler</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An innkeeper.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Hosteler</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The person who has the care of horses at an inn

or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; --

so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in

person.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>The person who takes

charge of a locomotive when it is left by the engineer after a

trip.</def>



<hw>Host"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Inhospitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA

<xex>hostless</xex> house.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Host"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hosterie</ets>, <ets>osterie</ets>, OF. <ets>hosterie</ets>.

See <er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hostelry;

an inn or lodging house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Marlowe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stable for horses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Hot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Hote</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Hotter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Hottest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>hot</ets>, <ets>hat</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'bet</ets>;

akin to OS. <ets>h\'c7t</ets>, D. <ets>heet</ets>, OHG.

<ets>heiz</ets>, G. <ets>heiss</ets>, Icel. <ets>heitr</ets>, Sw.

<ets>het</ets>, Dan. <ets>heed</ets>, <ets>hed</ets>; cf. Goth.

<ets>heit\'d3</ets> fever, <ets>hais</ets> torch. Cf.

<er>Heat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having much sensible heat;

exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; --

opposed to <xex>cold</xex>, and exceeding <xex>warm</xex> in

degree; <as>as, a <ex>hot</ex> stove; <ex>hot</ex> water or

air.</as></def> \'bdA <xex>hot</xex>venison pasty.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation;

easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent;

eager.</def>



<q>Achilles is impatient, <qex>hot</qex>, and revengeful.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>There was mouthing in <qex>hot</qex> haste.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Lustful; lewd; lecherous.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Acrid; biting; pungent; <as>as, <ex>hot</ex> as

mustard</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hot bed</col> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>an iron

platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc., are

laid to cool.</cd> -- <col>Hot wall</col> <fld>(Gardening)</fld>,

<cd>a wall provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to

hasten the growth of fruit trees or the ripening of fruit.</cd>

-- <col>Hot well</col> <fld>(Condensing Engines)</fld>, <cd>a

receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air

pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the

hot well by the feed pump.</cd> -- <col>In hot water</col>

(<it>Fig.<it>), <cd>in trouble; in difficulties.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated;

brisk; vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent;

impetuous; irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.</syn>



<hw>Hot"bed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>A bed of earth heated by fermenting

manure or other substances, and covered with glass, intended for

raising early plants, or for nourishing exotics.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place which favors rapid growth or

development; <as>as, a <ex>hotbed</ex> of sedition</as>.</def>



<hw>Hot" blast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Blast</er>.</def>



<hw>Hot"-blood`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

hot blood; excitable; high-spirited; irritable; ardent;

passionate.</def>



<hw>Hot"-brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ardent in

temper; violent; rash; impetuous; <as>as, <ex>hot-brained</ex>

youth</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hotch"pot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hotch"potch`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>hochepot</ets>,

fr. <ets>hocher</ets> to shake + <ets>pot</ets> pot; both of

Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. <ets>hutspot</ets> hotchpotch, D.

<ets>hotsen</ets>, <ets>hutsen</ets>, to shake. See

<er>Hustle</er>, and <er>Pot</er>, and cf.

<er>Hodgepodge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mingled mass; a

confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients; a

hodgepodge.</def>



<q>A mixture or <qex>hotchpotch</qex> of many tastes.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A blending of property for

equality of division, as when lands given in frank-marriage to

one daughter were, after the death of the ancestor, blended with

the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the same

ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all the

daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a

common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and

the amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the

purpose of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of

all the children; the property advanced being accounted for at

its value when given.</def>



<au>Bouvier. Tomlins.</au>



<note><hand/ This term has been applied in cases of salvage.

<xex>Story</xex>. It corresponds in a measure with

<xex>collation</xex> in the civil and Scotch law. See

<er>Collation</er>.</note>



<au>Bouvier. Tomlins.</au>



<hw>Hot"coc`kles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hot</ets> + <ets>cockle</ets>, <ets>cockle</ets> being

perh. corrupt. fr. <ets>knuckle</ets>. Cf. F. <ets>main

chaude</ets> (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.]</ety> <def>A childish

play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him

or his hand placed behind him.</def>



<hw>Hote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>pres. & imp.</pos> <er>Hatte</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<er>Hot</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, etc.; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Hote</er>, <er>Hoten</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <er>Hot</er>, etc.

See <er>Hight</er>, <er>Hete</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To command; to enjoin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be called; to be named.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There as I was wont to <qex>hote</qex> Arcite,

Now hight I Philostrate, not worth a mite.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Ho*tel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>h\'93tel</ets>, OF. <ets>hostel</ets>. See

<er>Hostel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A house for entertaining

strangers or travelers; an inn or public house, of the better

class.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In France, the mansion or town residence of a

person of rank or wealth.</def>



<hw>\'d8H\'93tel`-de-ville"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A city hall or townhouse.</def>



<hw>\'d8H\'93tel`-Dieu"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A hospital.</def>



<hw>Hot"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Hote</er>.</def>



<hw>Hot"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In haste;

foothot.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Hot"-head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A violent,

passionate person; a hasty or impetuous person; <as>as, the rant

of a <ex>hot-head</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hot"-head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fiery; violent; rash;

hasty; impetuous; vehement.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Hot"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from

the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may

be reared, and fruits ripened.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bagnio, or bathing house.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A brothel; a bagnio.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Pottery)</fld> <def>A heated room for drying

green ware.</def>



<-- p. 709 -->



<hw>Hot"-liv`ered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of an

excitable or irritable temperament; irascible.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hot"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Hot</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a hot or fiery manner;

ardently; vehemently; violently; hastily; <as>as, a

<ex>hotly</ex> pursued</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a lustful manner; lustfully.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hot"-mouthed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Headstrong.</def>



<q>That <qex>hot-mouthed</qex> beast that bears against the

curb.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Hot"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or

state of being hot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence;

vehemence; impetuousity; ardor; fury.</def>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<hw>Hot"press`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To apply

to, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, for the purpose of

giving a smooth and glosay surface, or to express oil, etc.;

<as>as, to <ex>hotpress</ex> paper, linen, etc.</as></def>



<hw>Hot"pressed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pressed

while heat is applied. See <er>Hotpress</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos></def>



<hw>Hot"-short`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>More or less brittle when heated;

<as>as, <ex>hot-short</ex> iron</as>.</def>



<hw>Hot"-spir`it*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a fierly spirit; hot-headed.</def>



<hw>Hot"spur`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hot</ets> + <ets>spur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rash,

hot-headed man.</def>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hot"spur`</hw>, <hw>Hot"spurred`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Violent; impetuous; headstrong.</def>



<au>Spenser. Peacham.</au>



<hw>Hot"ten*tot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>Hottentot</ets>; -- so called from <ets>hot</ets> and

<ets>tot</ets>, two syllables of frequent occurrence in their

language. <au>Wedgwood</au>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of a degraded<-- "pastoral", in

MW10 --> and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown

complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in

tufts.</def><-- = The tribes speaking Khoisan; Bushman(? any

difference?) -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language of the Hottentots, which is

remarkable for its clicking sounds.</def><-- = Khoisan -->



<cs><col>Hottentot cherry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a South

African plant of the genus <spn>Cassine</spn> (<spn>C.

maurocenia</spn>), having handsome foliage, with generally

inconspicuous white or green flowers. <au>Loudon</au>.</cd> --

<col>Hottentot's bread</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<cref>Elephant's foot</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under

<er>Elephant</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hot"ten*tot*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A term

employed to describe one of the varieties of stammering.</def>



<au>Tylor.</au>



<hw>Hou"dah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Howdah</er>.</def>



<hw>Hough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hock</er>, a joint.</def>



<hw>Hough</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Houghed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Houghing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Same as

<er>Hock</er>, to hamstring.</def>



<hw>Hough</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>hak</ets>. Cf.

<er>Hack</er>.]</ety> <def>An adz; a hoe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au>



<hw>Hough</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut with a hoe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Hou"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An owl. See <er>Howlet</er>.</def>



<hw>Hoult</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A piece of

woodland; a small wood. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Holt</er>.</def>



<hw>Hound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hound</ets>, <ets>hund</ets>, dog, AS. <ets>hund</ets>; akin

to OS. & OFries. <ets>hund</ets>, D. <ets>hond</ets>, G.

<ets>hund</ets>, OHG. <ets>hunt</ets>, Icel. <ets>hundr</ets>,

Dan. & Sw. <ets>hund</ets>, Goth. <ets>hunds</ets>, and prob. to

Lith. <ets>sz<?/</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>cu</ets>, L.

<ets>canis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>\'87van</ets>.

<root/229. Cf. <er>Canine</er>, <er>Cynic</er>,

<er>Kennel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears,

esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound,

deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting

dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc.</def>



<q><qex>Hounds</qex> and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels,

curs.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A despicable person.</def> \'bdBoy! false

<xex>hound</xex>!\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A houndfish.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Projections

at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and

top to rest on.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A side bar used to strengthen portions of the

running gear of a vehicle.</def>



<cs><col>To follow the hounds</col>, <cd>to hunt with

hounds.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hound</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hounded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hounding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set on the

chase; to incite to pursuit; <as>as, to <ex>hound</ex>a dog at a

hare; to <ex>hound</ex> on pursuers.</as></def>



<au>Abp. Bramhall.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with

hounds.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Hound"fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small shark of the genus

<spn>Galeus</spn> or <spn>Mustelus</spn>, of which there are

several species, as the smooth houndfish (<spn>G. canis</spn>),

of Europe and America; -- called also

<altname>houndshark</altname>, and

<altname>dogfish</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ The European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish,

is <spn>Scyllium canicula</spn>; the rough houndfish, or

large-spotted dogfish, is <spn>S. catulus</spn>. The name has

also sometimes been applied to the bluefish (<spn>Pomatomus

saltatrix</spn>), and to the silver gar.</note>



<hw>Hound"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one

who hounds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The part of a mast below the

hounds and above the deck.</def>



<hw>Hound's"-tongue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hundes tunge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A biennial

weed (<spn>Cynoglossum officinale</spn>), with soft tongue-shaped

leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with

barbed or hooked prickles. Called also

<altname>dog's-tongue</altname>.</def>



<hw>Houp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Hoopoe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hour</ets>, <ets>our</ets>, <ets>hore</ets>, <ets>ure</ets>,

OF. <ets>hore</ets>, <ets>ore</ets>, <ets>ure</ets>, F.

<ets>heure</ets>, L. <ets>hora</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, orig., a

definite space of time, fixed by natural laws; hence, a season,

the time of the day, an hour. See <er>Year</er>, and cf.

<er>Horologe</er>, <er>Horoscope</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The time of the day, as expressed in hours and

minutes, and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the

<xex>hour</xex>? At what <xex>hour</xex> shall we meet?</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a

particular time or occasion; <as>as, the <ex>hour</ex> of

greatest peril; the man for the <ex>hour</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Woman, . . . mine <qex>hour</qex> is not yet come.</q>

<qau>John ii. 4.</qau>



<q>This is your <qex>hour</qex>, and the power of darkness.</q>

<qau>Luke xxii. 53.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Certain

prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and

vespers.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A measure of distance traveled.</def>



<q>Vilvoorden, three <qex>hours</qex> from Brussels.</q>

<qau>J. P. Peters.</qau>



<cs><col>After hours</col>, <cd>after the time appointed for

one's regular labor.</cd> -- <col>Canonical hours</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Canonical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hour angle</col>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the angle between the hour circle

passing through a given body, and the meridian of a place.</cd>

-- <col>Hour circle</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>Any circle of the sphere passing through the two poles of the

equator; esp., one of the circles drawn on an artificial globe

through the poles, and dividing the equator into spaces of

15<deg/, or one hour, each.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A circle upon

an equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the

earth's equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours

of right ascension.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A small brass circle

attached to the north pole of an artificial globe, and divided

into twenty-four parts or hours. It is used to mark differences

of time in working problems on the globe.</cd> -- <col>Hour

hand</col>, <cd>the hand or index which shows the hour on a

timepiece.</cd> -- <col>Hour line</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>A line indicating the hour.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <cd>A line on which the shadow

falls at a given hour; the intersection of an hour circle which

the face of the dial.</cd> -- <col>Hour plate</col>, <cd>the

plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked; the dial.

<au>Locke</au>.</cd> -- <col>Sidereal hour</col>, <cd>the

twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day.</cd> -- <col>Solar

hour</col>, <cd>the twenty-fourth part of a solar day.</cd> --

<col>The small hours</col>, <cd>the early hours of the morning,

as one o'clock, two o'clock, etc.</cd><-- also "wee hours" --> --

<col>To keep good hours</col>, <cd>to be regular in going to bed

early.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hour"glass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

instrument for measuring time, especially the interval of an

hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two compartments, from

the uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or mercury

occupies an hour in running through a small aperture unto the

lower.</def>



<note><hand/ A similar instrument measuring any other interval of

time takes its name from the interval measured; as, a

<stype>half-hour glass</stype>, a <stype>half-minute

glass</stype>. A <stype>three-minute glass</stype> is sometimes

called an <xex>egg-glass</xex>, from being used to time the

boiling of eggs.<-- also = egg timer --></note>



<hw>Hou"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Houris</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Per.

<ets>h<umac/r\'c6</ets>, <ets>h<umac/r\'be</ets>,

<ets>h<umac/r</ets>; akin to Ar. <ets>h<umac/r</ets>, pl. of

<ets>ahwar</ets> beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.]</ety> <def>A nymph

of paradise; -- so called by the Mohammedans.</def>



<hw>Hour"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Happening or

done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often

repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.</def>



<q>In <qex>hourly</qex> expectation of a martyrdom.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<hw>Hour"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Every hour; frequently;

continually.</def>



<q>Great was their strife, which <qex>hourly</qex> was

renewed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Hours</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[A

translation of L. <ets>Horae</ets> (Gr. <?/). See

<er>Hour</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>Goddess of the

seasons, or of the hours of the day.</def>



<q>Lo! where the rosy-blosomed <qex>Hours</qex>,

Fair Venus' train, appear.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<hw>Hous"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>House</er>.]</ety> <def>A fee for keeping goods in a

house.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au> Chambers.</au>



<hw>House</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Houses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hous</ets>,

<ets>hus</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/s</ets>; akin to OS. & OFries.

<ets>h<?/s</ets>, D. <ets>huis</ets>, OHG. <ets>h<?/s</ets>, G.

<ets>haus</ets>, Icel. <ets>h<?/s</ets>, Sw. <ets>hus</ets>, Dan.

<ets>huus</ets>, Goth. gud<ets>h<?/s</ets>, house of God, temple;

and prob. to E. <ets>hide</ets> to conceal. See <er>Hide</er>,

and cf. <er>Hoard</er>, <er>Husband</er>, <er>Hussy</er>,

<er>Husting</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A structure intended or

used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but

especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a

dwelling place, a mansion.</def>



<q><qex>Houses</qex> are built to live in; not to look on.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench

Are from their hives and <qex>houses</qex> driven away.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Household affairs; domestic concerns;

particularly in the phrase <xex>to keep house</xex>. See

below.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Those who dwell in the same house; a

household.</def>



<q>One that feared God with all his <qex>house</qex>.</q>

<qau>Acts x. 2.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred;

a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a

noble family or an illustrious race; <as>as, the <ex>house</ex>

of Austria; the <ex>house</ex> of Hanover; the <ex>house</ex> of

Israel.</as></def>



<q>The last remaining pillar of their <qex>house</qex>,

The one transmitter of their ancient name.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>One of the estates of a kingdom or other

government assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men

united in a legislative capacity; <as>as, the <ex>House</ex> of

Lords; the <ex>House</ex> of Commons; the <ex>House</ex> of

Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See

<er>Congress</er>, and <er>Parliament</er>.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A firm, or commercial

establishment.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A public house; an inn; a hotel.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A twelfth part of the

heavens, as divided by six circles intersecting at the north and

south points of the horizon, used by astrologers in noting the

positions of the heavenly bodies, and casting horoscopes or

nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed in respect to the

horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern horizon, called

the <xex>ascendant</xex>, <xex>first house</xex>, or <xex>house

of life</xex>, downward, or in the direction of the earth's

revolution, the stars and planets passing through them in the

reverse order every twenty-four hours.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper

place of a piece.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a

lecture, a theater, etc.; <as>as, a thin or a full

<ex>house</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>The body, as the habitation of the soul.</def>



<q>This mortal <qex>house</qex> I'll ruin,

Do C\'91sar what he can.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <usage>[With an adj., as <xex>narrow</xex>,

<xex>dark</xex>, etc.]</usage> <def>The grave.</def> \'bdThe

narrow <xex>house</xex>.\'b8



<au>Bryant.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>House</xex> is much used adjectively and as the

first element of compounds. The sense is usually obvious; as,

<xex>house</xex> cricket, <xex>house</xex>maid, <xex>house</xex>

painter, <xex>house</xex>work.</note>



<cs><col>House ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small,

yellowish brown ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>), which often

infests houses, and sometimes becomes a great pest.</cd> --

<col>House of bishops</col> <fld>(Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>one

of the two bodies composing a general convertion, the other being

House of Clerical and Lay Deputies.</cd> -- <col>House

boat</col>, <cd>a covered boat used as a dwelling.</cd> --

<col>House of call</col>, <cd>a place, usually a public house,

where journeymen connected with a particular trade assemble when

out of work, ready for the <xex>call<xex> of employers.

<mark>[Eng.]</mark><-- modern name? --> <au>Simonds</au>.</cd> --

<col>House car</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a freight car

with inclosing sides and a roof; a box car.</cd> -- <col>House of

correction</col>. <cd>See <er>Correction</er>.</cd> -- <col>House

cricket</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European cricket

(<spn>Gryllus domesticus</spn>), which frequently lives in

houses, between the bricks of chimneys and fireplaces. It is

noted for the loud chirping or stridulation of the males.</cd> --

<col>House dog</col>, <cd>a dog kept in or about a dwelling

house.</cd> -- <col>House finch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the burion.</cd> -- <col>House flag</col>, <cd>a flag

denoting the commercial house to which a merchant vessel

belongs.</cd> -- <col>House fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a common fly (esp. <spn>Musca domestica</spn>), which infests

houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot which

lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains,

etc.</cd> -- <col>House of God</col>, <cd>a temple or

church.</cd> -- <col>House of ill fame</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ill

fame</cref> under <er>Ill</er>, <it>a.<it></cd> -- <col>House

martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common European swallow

(<spn>Hirundo urbica</spn>). It has feathered feet, and builds

its nests of mud against the walls of buildings. Called also

<altname>house swallow</altname>, and <altname>window

martin</altname>.</cd> -- <col>House mouse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common mouse (<spn>Mus

musculus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>House physician</col>, <cd>the

resident medical adviser of a hospital or other public

institution.</cd> -- <col>House snake</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the milk snake.</cd> -- <col>House

sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common European

sparrow (<spn>Passer domesticus</spn>). It has recently been

introduced into America, where it has become very abundant, esp.

in cities. Called also <altname>thatch sparrow</altname>.</cd> --

<col>House spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any spider

which habitually lives in houses. Among the most common species

are <spn>Theridium tepidariorum</spn> and <spn>Tegenaria

domestica</spn>.</cd> -- <col>House surgeon</col>, <cd>the

resident surgeon of a hospital.</cd> -- <col>House wren</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common wren of the Eastern United

States (<spn>Troglodytes a\'89don</spn>). It is common about

houses and in gardens, and is noted for its vivacity, and loud

musical notes. See <er>Wren</er>.</cd> -- <col>Religious

house</col>, <cd>a monastery or convent.</cd> -- <col>The White

House</col>, <cd>the official residence of the President of the

United States; -- hence, colloquially, the office of

President.</cd><-- also, a parliament building in Moscow --> --

<col>To bring down the house</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Bring</er>.</cd> -- <col>To keep house</col>, <cd>to maintain

an independent domestic establishment.</cd> -- <col>To keep open

house</col>, <cd>to entertain friends at all times.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Dwelling; residence; abode. See

<er>Tenement</er>.</syn>



<hw>House</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Housed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Housing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/sian</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take or

put into a house; to shelter under a roof; to cover from the

inclemencies of the weather; to protect by covering; <as>as, to

<ex>house</ex> one's family in a comfortable home; to

<ex>house</ex> farming utensils; to <ex>house</ex>

cattle.</as></def>



<q>At length have <qex>housed</qex> me in a humble shed.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<q><qex>House</qex> your choicest carnations, or rather set them

under a penthouse.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive to a shelter.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To admit to residence; to harbor.</def>



<q>Palladius wished him to <qex>house</qex> all the Helots.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To deposit and cover, as in the grave.</def>



<au>Sandys.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To stow in a safe place; to

take down and make safe; <as>as, to <ex>house</ex> the upper

spars</as>.</def>



<hw>House</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take shelter

or lodging; to abide to dwell; to lodge.</def>



<q>You shall not <qex>house</qex> with me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>To have a position in one

of the houses. See <er>House</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<sn>8</sn>.</def> \'bdWhere Saturn <xex>houses</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>House"bote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>House</ets> + <ets>bote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>Wood allowed to a tenant for repairing the house and for

fuel. This latter is often called <xex>firebote</xex>. See

<er>Bote</er>.</def>



<hw>House"break`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

is guilty of the crime of housebreaking.</def>



<hw>House"break`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of breaking

open and entering, with a felonious purpose, the dwelling house

of another, whether done by day or night. See <er>Burglary</er>,

and <xex>To break a house</xex>, under <er>Break</er>.</def>



<hw>House"build`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

whose business is to build houses; a housewright.</def>



<hw>House"carl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>huscarle</ets>. See <er>House</er>, and

<er>Carl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>A

household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King

Canute.</def>



<hw>House"hold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a

family.</def>



<q>And calls, without affecting airs,

His <qex>household</qex> twice a day to prayers.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A line of ancestory; a race or house.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>House"hold`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to the house

and family; domestic; <as>as, <ex>household</ex> furniture;

<ex>household</ex> affairs.</as></def>



<cs><col>Household bread</col>, <cd>bread made in the house for

common use; hence, bread that is not of the finest quality.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Household gods</col></mcol>

<fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>the gods presiding over the house

and family; the <xex>Lares<xex> and <xex>Penates<xex>; hence, all

objects endeared by association with home.</cd> -- <col>Household

troops</col>, <cd>troops appointed to attend and guard the

sovereign or his residence.</cd></cs>



<hw>House"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

master or head of a family; one who occupies a house with his

family.</def>



<q>Towns in which almost every <qex>householder</qex> was an

English Protestant.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Compound householder</col>. <cd>See <er>Compound</er>,

<it>a.<it></cd></cs>



<-- p. 710 -->



<hw>House"keep`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; the

master or mistress of a family.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping

house; <as>as, his wife is a good <ex>housekeeper</ex></as>;

often, a woman hired to superintend the servants of a household

and manage the ordinary domestic affairs.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who exercises hospitality, or has plentiful

and hospitable household.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who keeps or stays much at home.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>You are manifest <qex>housekeeper</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A house dog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>House"keep`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state

of being occupying a dwelling house as a householder.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Care of domestic concerns; management of a house

and home affairs.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a

supply of provisions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Tell me, softly and hastly, what's in the pantry?

Small <qex>housekeeping</qex> enough, said Ph\'d2be.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>House"keep`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Domestic; used in a

family; <as>as, <ex>housekeeping</ex> commodities</as>.</def>



<hw>Hou"sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>housel</ets>, <ets>husel</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/sel</ets>; akin

to Icel. <ets>h<?/sl</ets>, Goth. <ets>hunsl</ets> a

sacrifice.]</ety> <def>The eucharist.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Rom. of R. Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Hou"sel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<?/slain</ets>.]</ety> <def>To administer the eucharist

to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>House"leek`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>House</ets> + <ets>leek</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A succulent plant of the genus

<spn>Sempervivum</spn> (<spn>S. tectorum</spn>), originally a

native of subalpine Europe, but now found very generally on old

walls and roofs. It is very tenacious of life under drought and

heat; -- called also <altname>ayegreen</altname>.</def>



<hw>House"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of the shelter

of a house; shelterless; homeless; <as>as, a <ex>houseless</ex>

wanderer</as>.</def>



<hw>House"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

houseless.</def>



<hw>House"line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small line of three strands used for

seizing; -- called also <altname>housing</altname>.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>House"ling`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Housling</er>.</def>



<hw>House"maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

servant employed to do housework, esp. to take care of the

rooms.</def>



<cs><col>Housemaid's knee</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a swelling

over the knee, due to an enlargement of the bursa in the front of

the kneepan; -- so called because frequently occurring in servant

girls who work upon their knees.</cd></cs>



<hw>House"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

dwells in the same house with another.</def>



<au>R. Browning.</au>



<hw>House"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Room or

place in a house; <as>as, to give any one

<ex>houseroom</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>House"warm`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A feast

or merry-making made by or for a family or business firm on

taking possession of a new house or premises.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>House"wife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>House</ets> + <ets>wife.</ets> Cf.

<er>Hussy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The wife of a

householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a

household.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>He a good husband, a good <qex>housewife</qex> she.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pr>(Usually pronounced <?/.)</pr> <ety>[See

<er>Hussy</er>, in this sense.]</ety> <def>A little case or bag

for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female

work; -- called also <altname>hussy</altname>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>huswife</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>P. Skelton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hussy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <altsp>[Usually

written <asp>huswife</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Sailor's housewife</col>, <cd>a ditty-bag.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>House"wife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>House"wive`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To manage with skill

and economy, as a housewife or other female manager; to

economize.</def>



<q>Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well

<qex>housewived</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>House"wife`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife; domestic;

economical; prudent.</def>



<q>A good sort of woman, ladylike and <qex>housewifely</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>House"wif`er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

business of the mistress of a family; female management of

domestic concerns.</def>



<hw>House"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The work

belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work, sweeping,

scrubbing, bed making, and the like.</def>



<hw>House"wright`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A builder

of houses.</def>



<hw>Hous"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>House</er>. In some of its senses this word has been confused

with the following word.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a

habitation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which shelters or covers; houses, taken

collectively.</def>



<au>Fabyan.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space taken

out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as

the end of one timber in the side of another.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A niche for a statue.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A frame or support for

holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That portion of

a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the

vessel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A covering or protection, as an

awning over the deck of a ship when laid up.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>A houseline. See <er>Houseline</er>.</def>



<hw>Hous"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Houss</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cover or cloth for a

horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a

saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An appendage to the hames or collar of a

harness.</def>



<hw>Hous"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Housel</er>.]</ety> <def>Sacramental; <as>as,

<ex>housling</ex> fire</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Houss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>housse</ets>, LL. <ets>hulcia</ets>, fr. OHG.

<ets>hulst</ets>; akin to E. <ets>holster</ets>. See

<er>Holster</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Housing</er>.]</ety> <def>A

saddlecloth; a housing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hou"tou</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From its

note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful South

American motmot.</def>



<au>Waterton.</au>



<hw>Houve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<umac/fe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A head covering of various

kinds; a hood; a coif; a cap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hou*yhnhnm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary travels of

Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason and

noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes

having the form and all the worst vices of men.</def>



<hw>Hove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Heave</er>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Hove short</col>, <col>Hove to</col></mcol>.

<cd>See <cref>To heave a cable short</cref>, <cref>To heave a

ship to</cref>, etc., under <er>Heave</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hove</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To rise; to swell; to

heave; to cause to swell.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>



<au>Holland. Burns.</au>



<hw>Hove</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hoven</ets>. See

<er>Hover</er>.]</ety> <def>To hover around; to loiter; to

lurk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Hov"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hovel</ets>, <ets>hovil</ets>, prob. a dim. fr. AS.

<ets>hof</ets> house; akin to D. & G. <ets>hof</ets> court, yard,

Icel. <ets>hof</ets> temple; cf. Prov. E. <ets>hove</ets> to take

shelter, <ets>heuf</ets> shelter, home.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce,

etc., from the weather.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a

hut.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Porcelain Manuf.)</fld> <def>A large conical

brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Hov"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hoveled</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Hovelled</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hoveling</er> or

<er>Hovelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in a hovel; to

shelter.</def>



<q>To <qex>hovel</qex> thee with swine, and rogues forlon.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The poor are <qex>hoveled</qex> and hustled together.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Hov"el*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

assists in saving life and property from a wreck; a coast

boatman.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hoveller</asp>.]</altsp>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>G. P. R. James.</au>



<hw>Hov"el*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A method of securing a

good draught in chimneys by covering the top, leaving openings in

the sides, or by carrying up two of the sides higher than the

other two.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hovelling</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ho"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs. <or/ archaic</mark>

<def><pos>p. p.</pos> of <er>Heave</er>.</def>



<hw>Ho"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected with

the disease called <xex>hoove</xex>; <as>as, <ex>hoven</ex>

cattle</as>.</def>



<hw>Hov"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

doubtful.]</ety> <def>A cover; a shelter; a protection.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Carew.</au>  <au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Hov"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hovered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hovering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hoveren</ets>, and <ets>hoven</ets>, prob. orig., to abide,

linger, and fr. AS. <ets>hof</ets> house; cf. OFries.

<ets>hovia</ets> to receive into one's house. See

<er>Hovel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hang fluttering in the

air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or floating about or

over a place or object; to be suspended in the air above

something.</def>



<q>Great flights of birds are <qex>hovering</qex> about the

bridge, and settling on it.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>A <qex>hovering</qex> mist came swimming o'er his sight.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hang about; to move to and fro near a place,

threateningly, watchfully, or irresolutely.</def>



<q>Agricola having sent his navy to <qex>hover</qex> on the

coast.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Hovering</qex> o'er the paper with her quill.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hov"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A device in

an incubator for protecting the young chickens and keeping them

warm.</def>



<hw>Hov"er-hawk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The kestrel.</def>



<hw>Hov"er*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hovering

manner.</def>



<hw>How</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>how</ets>, <ets>hou</ets>, <ets>hu</ets>, <ets>hwu</ets>,

AS. <ets>h<?/</ets>, from the same root as <ets>hw\'be</ets>,

<ets>hw\'91t</ets>, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS.

<ets>hw\'d3</ets>w, D. <ets>hoe</ets>, cf. G. <ets>wie</ets> how,

Goth. <ets>hw\'c7</ets> wherewith, <ets>hwaiwa</ets> how.

<root/182. See <er>Who</er>, and cf. <er>Why</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In what manner or way; by what means or

process.</def>



<q><qex>How</qex> can a man be born when he is old?</q>

<qau>John iii. 4.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To what degree or extent, number or amount; in

what proportion; by what measure or quality.</def>



<q>O, <qex>how</qex> love I thy law! it is my meditation all the

day.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxix. 97.</qau>



<q>By <qex>how</qex> much they would diminish the present extent

of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and

fountains, and rivers of the earth.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>For what reason; from what cause.</def>



<q><qex>How</qex> now, my love! why is your cheek so pale?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In what state, condition, or plight.</def>



<q><qex>How</qex>, and with what reproach, shall I return?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>By what name, designation, or title.</def>



<q><qex>How</qex> art thou called?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>At what price; how dear.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>How</qex> a score of ewes now?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>How</xex> is used in each sense,

interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also

often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation.

\'bd<xex>How</xex> are the mighty fallen!\'b8 <au>2 Sam. i.

27</au>. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the

<xex>how</xex>, the when, the wherefore. <au>Shelley</au>.</note>



<q>Let me beg you -- don't say \'bd<qex>How</qex>?\'b8 for

\'bdWhat?\'b8</q>

<qau>Holmes.</qau>



<hw>\'d8How*adj"i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Ar.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A traveler.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A merchant; -- so called in the East because

merchants were formerly the chief travelers.</def>



<hw>How*be"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>How</ets> + <ets>be</ets> + <ets>it</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although;

albeit; yet; but; however.</def>



<q>The Moor -- <qex>howbeit</qex> that I endure him not -

Is of a constant, loving, noble nature.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>How"dah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>hawdaj</ets>.]</ety> <def>A seat or pavilion, generally

covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or

riders.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>houdah</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>How"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot., also

<ets>houdy-</ets> wife. Of uncertain origin; cf. OSw.

<ets>jordgumma</ets>; or perh. fr. E. <ets>how d'ye</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A midwife.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>How"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tool used by

coopers for smoothing and chamfering rheir work, especially the

inside of casks.</def>



<hw>How"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To smooth; to plane;

<as>as, to <ex>howel</ex> a cask</as>.</def>



<hw>How"ell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The upper stage of a

porcelian furnace.</def>



<hw>How*ev"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Sometimes

contracted into <ets>howe'er</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In

whetever manner, way, or degree.</def>



<q><qex>However</qex> yet they me despise and spite.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q><qex>Howe'er</qex> the business goes, you have made fault.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>At all events; at least; in any case.</def>



<q>Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be,

<qex>however</qex> from the greatest evils.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<hw>How*ev"er</hw>, <pos>conj.</pos> <def>Nevertheless;

notwithstanding; yet; still; though; <as>as, I shall not oppose

your design; I can not, <ex>however</ex>, approve of

it.</as></def>



<q>In your excuse your love does little say;

You might <qex>howe'er</qex> have took a better way.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>However</er>, <er>At least</er>,

<er>Nevertheless</er>, <er>Yet</er>.</syn> <usage> These words,

as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to

something referred to in the context. <xex>However</xex> is the

most general, and leads to a final conclusion or decision. Thus

we say, the truth, <xex>however</xex>, has not yet fully come

out; <it>i.e.</it>, such is the speaker's conclusion in view of

the whole case. So also we say, <xex>however</xex>, you may rely

on my assistance to that amount; <it>i. e.</it>, at all events,

whatever may happen, this is my final decision. <xex>At

least</xex> is adversative in another way. It points out the

utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks

the adversative conclusion; <as>as, <ex>at least</ex>, this must

be done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must <ex>at

least</ex> maintain the rights of conscience</as>.

<ex>Nevertheless</ex> denotes that though the concession be fully

made, it has no bearing of the question; <as>as,

<ex>nevertheless</ex>, we must go forward</as>. <ex>Yet</ex>

signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact comceded

may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does

not and will not follow; <as>as, though I should die with thee,

<ex>yet</ex> will I not deny thee; though he slay me,

<ex>yet</ex> will I trust in him</as>.  Cf. <er>But</er>.</usage>



<hw>How"itz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

howitzer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>How"itz*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>haubitze</ets>, formerly <ets>hauffnitz</ets>, Bohem.

<ets>haufnice</ets>, orig., a sling.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gun so short that the projectile, which was

hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of

mortar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A short,

light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller

diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large

projectiles with comparatively small charges.</def>



<hw>How"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Hooker</er>.</def>



<hw>Howl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Howled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Howling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>houlen</ets>, <ets>hulen</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>huilen</ets>, MHG. <ets>hiulen</ets>, <ets>hiuweln</ets>,

OHG. <ets>hiuwil\'d3n</ets> to exult, <ets>h<?/wo</ets> owl, Dan.

<ets>hyle</ets> to howl.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter a loud,

protraced, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often

do.</def>



<q>And dogs in corners set them down to <qex>howl</qex>.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<q>Methought a legion of foul fiends

Environ'd me about, and <qex>howled</qex> in my ears.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry

aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail.</def>



<q><qex>Howl</qex> ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand.</q>

<qau>Is. xiii. 6.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild

beast.</def>



<q>Wild <qex>howled</qex> the wind.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>Howling monkey</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Howler</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Howling wilderness</col>, <cd>a

wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts. <au>Deut.

xxxii. 10</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Howl</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter with outcry.</def>

\'bdGo . . . <xex>howl</xex> it out in deserts.\'b8



<au>Philips.</au>



<hw>Howl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The protracted,

mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like sound.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a

wail.</def>



<hw>Howl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who howls.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any South American monkey

of the genus <spn>Mycetes</spn>. Many species are known. They are

arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the loud, discordant

howling in which they indulge at night.</def>



<hw>Howl"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Equiv. to

<ets>owlet</ets>, influenced by <ets>howl</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hulotte</ets>, OHG. <ets>h<?/wela</ets>,

<ets>hiuwela</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An owl; an

owlet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>houlet</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>R. Browning.</au>



<hw>Howp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cry out; to

whoop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>How"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Howsoever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>How`so*ev"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adj. & conj.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>How</ets> + <ets>so</ets> + <ets>ever</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In what manner soever; to whatever degree or

extent; however.</def>



<q>I am glad he's come, <qex>howsoever</qex> he comes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Although; though; however.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Howve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hood. See

<er>Houve</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hox</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hock</er>. <root/??.]</ety> <def>To hock; to hamstring. See

<er>Hock</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hoy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>heu</ets>,

or Flem. <ets>hui</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small

coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying

passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to

larger vessels in port.</def>



<q>The <qex>hoy</qex> went to London every week.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Hoy</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>hui</ets>. Cf.

<er>Ahoy</er>.]</ety> <def>Ho! Halloe! Stop!</def>



<hw>Hoy"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hoiden</er>.</def>



<hw>Hoy"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hoymen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <def>One who navigates a

hoy.</def>



<q>A common <qex>hoyman</qex> to carry goods by water for

hire.</q>

<qau>Hobart.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Hua*na"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Guanaco</er>.</def>



<hw>Hub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Hob</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The central part, usually

cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Axle box</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The hilt of a weapon.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction;

<as>as, a <ex>hub</ex> in the road</as>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark> See

<er>Hubby</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are

cast.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Diesinking)</fld> <def>A hardened, engraved

steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining,

etc.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A screw hob. See <er>Hob</er>, <sn>3</sn>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A block for scotching a wheel.</def>



<cs><col>Hub plank</col> <fld>(Highway Bridges)</fld>, <cd>a

horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a

wagon-wheel hub.</cd> -- <col>Up to the hub</col>, <cd>as far as

possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a

wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Hub"ble-bub`ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke passes through water,

making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In India, the bulb

containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.</def><-- = water

pipe; hookah -->



<-- p. 711 -->



<hw>Hub"bub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Whoobub</er>, <er>Whoop</er>, <er>Hoop</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <def>A loud noise of many confused voices; a

tumult; uproar.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>This <qex>hubbub</qex> of unmeaning words.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Hub"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of hubs or

protuberances; <as>as, a road that has been frozen while muddy is

<ex>hubby</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>H\'81b"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[After

<ets>H\'81bner</ets>, who analyzed it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A mineral of brownish black color, occurring in columnar or

foliated masses. It is native manganese tungstate.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Huch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Hu"chen</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large salmon (<spn>Salmo, <or/

Salvelinus, hucho</spn>) inhabiting the Danube; -- called also

<altname>huso</altname>, and <altname>bull trout</altname>.</def>



<hw>Huck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hawk</er> to offer for sale, <er>Huckster</er>.]</ety>

<def>To higgle in trading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Huck"a*back</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh.

orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. <ets>hukkebak</ets> pickback. Cf.

<er>Huckster</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of linen cloth with raised

figures, used for towelings.</def>



<hw>Huc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. dim. of

Prov. E. <ets>huck</ets>a hook, and so named from its round

shape. See <er>Hook</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The hip; the

haunch.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bunch or part projecting like the hip.</def>



<cs><col>Huckle bone</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The hip bone; the

innominate bone.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small bone of the ankle;

astragalus. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>Huc"kle-backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Round-shoulded.</def>



<hw>Huc"kle*ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Whortleberry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of

the American genus <spn>Gaylussacia</spn>, shrubs nearly related

to the blueberries (<spn>Vaccinium</spn>), and formerly confused

with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from <spn>G.

resinosa</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shrub that bears the

berries. Called also whortleberry.</def>



<cs><col>Squaw huckleberry</col>. <cd>See

<er>Deeberry</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Huck"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hukstere</ets>, <ets>hukster</ets>, OD. <ets>heukster</ets>,

D. <ets>heuker</ets>; akin to D. <ets>huiken</ets> to stoop,

bend, OD. <ets>huycken</ets>, <ets>huken</ets>, G.

<ets>hocken</ets>, to squat, Icel. <ets>h<?/ka</ets>; -- the

peddler being named from his stooping under the load on his back.

Cf. <er>Hawk</er> to offer for sale.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a

peddler; a hawker.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mean, trickish fellow.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Huck"ster</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Huckstered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Huckstering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deal in small

articles, or in petty bargains.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Huck"ster*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

business of a huckster; small dealing; peddling.</def>



<q>Ignoble <qex>huckster</qex> age of piddling tithes.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Huck"ster*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

huckster.</def>



<au>Gladstone.</au>



<q>Those <qex>huckster</qex>ers or money-jobbers.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Huck"stress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

huckster.</def>



<hw>Hud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hood</er>

a covering.]</ety> <def>A huck or hull, as of a nut.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Hud"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Huddled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Huddling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>hoderen</ets>,

<ets>hodren</ets>, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to OE.

<ets>huden</ets>, <ets>hiden</ets>, to hide, E. <ets>hide</ets>,

and orig. meaning, to get together for protection in a safe

place. Cf. <er>Hide</er> to conceal.]</ety> <def>To press

together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the

like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in

disorder; to crowd.</def>



<q>The cattle <qex>huddle</qex>d on the lea.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q><qex>Huddling</qex> together on the public square . . . like a

herd of panic-struck deer.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Hud"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To crowd

(things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order

or system.</def>



<q>Our adversary, <qex>huddling</qex> several suppositions

together, . . . makes a medley and confusion.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence,

to do imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or

adverb; <as>as, to <ex>huddle on</ex>; to <ex>huddle up</ex>; to

<ex>huddle together</ex>.</as></def> \'bd<xex>Huddle</xex> up a

peace.\'b8



<au>J. H. Newman.</au>



<q>Let him forescat his work with timely care,

Which else is <qex>huddled</qex> when the skies are fair.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Now, in all haste, they <qex>huddle</qex> on

Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Hud"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A crowd; a number of persons

or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult;

confusion.</def> \'bdA <xex>huddle</xex> of ideas.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Hud"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

huddles things together.</def>



<hw>Hudge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Hu`di*bras"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Similar

to, or in the style of, the poem \'bd<xex>Hudibras</xex>,\'b8 by

Samuel Butler; in the style of doggerel verse.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Hud*so"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson River; <as>as, the

<ex>Hudsonian</ex> curlew</as>.</def>



<hw>Hue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hew</ets>, <ets>heow</ets>, color, shape, form, AS.

<ets>hiw</ets>, <ets>heow</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>hy</ets> skin,

complexion, Goth. <ets>hiwi</ets> form, appearance.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Color or shade of color; tint; dye.</def>

\'bdFlowers of all <xex>hue</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q><qex>Hues</qex> of the rich unfolding morn.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>A predominant shade in a

composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by

combination with others.</def>



<hw>Hue</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>hue</ets>,

<ets>huer</ets>, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. <ets>hu</ets> an

exclamation.]</ety> <def>A shouting or vociferation.</def>



<cs><col>Hue and cry</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a loud outcry

with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard

it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the

malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation

issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all

persons to aid in retaking him.</cd></cs>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Hued</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having color; --

usually in composition; <as>as, bright-<ex>hued</ex>;

many-<ex>hued</ex>.</as></def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hue"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hiwle\'a0s</ets>. See <er>Hue</er> color.]</ety>

<def>Destitute of color.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Hu"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who cries out

or gives an alarm; specifically, a balker; a conder. See

<er>Balker</er>.</def>



<hw>Huff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Huffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Huffing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>hoove</ets> to puff up, blow; prob. of

imitative origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To swell; to enlarge;

to puff up; <as>as, <ex>huffed</ex> up with air</as>.</def>



<au>Grew.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide

or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully.</def>



<q>You must not presume to <qex>huff</qex> us.</q>

<qau>Echard.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Draughts)</fld> <def>To remove from the board

(the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See

<er>Huff</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, 3.</def>



<hw>Huff</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To enlarge; to

swell up; <as>as, bread <ex>huffs</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or

arrogance; to storm; to take offense.</def>



<q>THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them

<qex>huff</qex> at the doctrine of repentance.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Draughts)</fld> <def>To remove from the board a

man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; -- so

called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece.</def>



<hw>Huff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A swell of sudden

anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or

anger; a rage.</def> \'bdLeft the place in a <xex>huff</xex>.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of

his own value or importance.</def>



<q>Lewd, shallow-brained <qex>huffs</qex> make atheism and

contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<cs><col>To take huff</col>, <cd>to take offence.</cd></cs>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Huff"cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blusterer;

a bully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos>

<def>Blustering; swaggering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Bp.

Hall</au>.</def2>



<hw>Huff"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bully; a

blusterer.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Huff"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being huffish; petulance; bad temper.</def>



<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>



<hw>Huff"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Blusteringly;

arrogantly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>And <qex>huffingly</qex> doth this bonny Scot ride.</q>

<qau>Old Ballad.</qau>



<hw>Huff"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed to be blustering

or arrogant; petulant.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Huff"ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Huff"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Huff"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Puffed up; <as>as, <ex>huffy</ex> bread</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily

offended.</def>



<hw>Hug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Hugged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hugging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of Scand.

origin; cf. Dan. <ets>sidde paa huk</ets> to squat, Sw. <ets>huka

sig</ets> to squat, Icel. <ets>h<?/ka</ets>. Cf.

<er>Huckster</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cower; to crouch;

to curl up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Palsgrave.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To crowd together; to cuddle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hug</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To press closely

within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace.</def> \'bdAnd

<xex>huggen</xex> me in his arms.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.</def>



<q>We <qex>hug</qex> deformities if they bear our names.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To keep close to; <as>as, to

<ex>hug</ex> the land; to <ex>hug</ex> the wind.</as></def>



<cs><col>To hug one's self</col>, <cd>to congratulate one's self;

to chuckle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hug</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A close embrace or clasping with

the arms, as in affection or in wrestling.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Huge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Huger</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Hugest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>huge</ets>, <ets>hoge</ets>, OF. <ets>ahuge</ets>,

<ets>ahoge</ets>.]</ety> <def>Very large; enormous; immense;

excessive; -- used esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities,

extent, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>huge</ex> ox; a <ex>huge</ex> space;

a <ex>huge</ex> difference.</as></def>  \'bdThe <xex>huge</xex>

confusion.\'b8 <au>Chapman</au>. \'bdA <xex>huge</xex> filly.\'b8

<au>Jer. Taylor</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Huge"ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Huge"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Doth it not flow as <qex>hugely</qex> as the sea.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious;

vast.</syn>



<hw>Hug"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who hugs or

embraces.</def>



<hw>Hug"ger</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To conceal; to lurk

ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Hug"ger-mug`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>huggrie-muggrie</ets>; Prov. E. <ets>hugger</ets> to lie in

ambush, <ets>mug</ets> mist, <ets>muggard</ets> sullen.]</ety>

<def>Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the phrase <xex>in

hugger-mugger</xex>, with haste and secrecy.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Many things have been done in <qex>hugger-mugger</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Hug"ger-mug`ger</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Secret;

clandestine; sly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; <as>as,

<ex>hugger-mugger</ex> doings</as>.</def>



<hw>Hug"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Freq. of

<ets>hug</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hug.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hu"gue*not</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

properly a dim. of <ets>Hugues</ets>. The name is probably

derived from the Christian name (<ets>Huguenot</ets>) of some

person conspicuous as a reformer.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>

<def>A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in

France in the 16th century.</def>



<hw>Hu"gue*not*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>huguenotisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The religion of the

Huguenots in France.</def>



<hw>Hu"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Vast.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hu"ia bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Native name; -- so

called from its cry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A New

Zealand starling (<spn>Heteralocha acutirostris</spn>),

remarkable for the great difference in the form and length of the

bill in the two sexes, that of the male being sharp and straight,

that of the female much longer and strongly curved.</def>



<hw>Hui"sher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Usher</er>.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Hui"sher</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To usher.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Huke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>huque</ets>, LL. <ets>huca</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>huik</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outer garment worn in Europe in

the Middle Ages.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>heuk</asp> and

<asp>hyke</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Hu"lan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Uhlan</er>.</def>



<hw>Hulch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Hunch</er>.]</ety> <def>A hunch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hulch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swollen;

gibbous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hulk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hulke</ets> a heavy ship, AS. <ets>hulc</ets> a light, swift

ship; akin to D. <ets>hulk</ets> a ship of burden, G.

<ets>holk</ets>, OHG. <ets>holcho</ets>; perh. fr. LL.

<ets>holcas</ets>, Gr. <?/, prop., a ship which is towed, fr. <?/

to draw, drag, tow. Cf. <er>Wolf</er>, <er>Holcad</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind;

esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for

service.</def> \'bdSome well-timbered <xex>hulk</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A heavy ship of clumsy build.</def>



<au>Skeat.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything bulky or unwieldly.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Shear hulk</col>, <cd>an old ship fitted with an

apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship.</cd> --

<col>The hulks</col>, <cd>old or dismasted ships, formerly used

as prisons. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Dickens</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hulk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. MLG.

<ets>holken</ets> to hollow out, Sw. <ets>h\'86lka</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; <as>as, to

<ex>hulk</ex> a hare</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hulk"ing</hw>, <hw>Hulk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Bulky; unwiedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdA

huge <xex>hulking</xex> fellow.\'b8



<au>H. Brooke.</au>



<hw>Hull</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hul</ets>, <ets>hol</ets>, shell, husk, AS. <ets>hulu</ets>;

akin to G. <ets>h\'81lle</ets> covering, husk, case,

<ets>h\'81llen</ets> to cover, Goth. <ets>huljan</ets> to cover,

AS. <ets>helan</ets> to hele, conceal. <root/17. See

<er>Hele</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Hell</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The outer covering of anything, particularly of

a nut or of grain; the outer skin of a kernel; the husk.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[In this sense perh. influenced by D.

<ets>hol</ets> hold of a ship, E. <ets>hold</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive

of her masts, yards, sails, and rigging.</def>



<q>Deep in their <qex>hulls</qex> our deadly bullets light.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Hull down</col>, <cd>said of a ship so distant that her

hull is concealed by the convexity of the sea.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hull</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hulled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hulling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strip off or

separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; <as>as,

to <ex>hull</ex> corn</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon

ball.</def>



<hw>Hull</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To toss or drive on the

water, like the hull of a ship without sails.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak. Milton.</au>



<hw>Hul`la*ba*loo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. a

corruption of <ets>hurly-burly</ets>.]</ety> <def>A confused

noise; uproar; tumult.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Hulled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deprived of the

hulls.</def>



<cs><col>Hulled corn</col>, <cd>kernels of maize prepared for

food by removing the hulls.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hull"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural machine for

removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine.</def>



<hw>Hul*lo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hollo</er>.</def>



<hw>Hull"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having or

containing hulls.</def>



<hw>Hu"lo*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hyloist</er>.</def>



<hw>Hu"lo*the*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hylotheism</er>.</def>



<hw>Hul"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hulfere</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>holly</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Holly, an evergreen shrub or tree.</def>



<hw>Hum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Hummed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Humming</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of

imitative origin; cf. G. <ets>hummen</ets>, D.

<ets>hommelen</ets>. <root/15.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a

low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to

murmur; to buzz; <as>as, a top <ex>hums</ex></as>.</def>



<au>P. Fletcher.</au>



<q>Still <qex>humming</qex> on, their drowsy course they

keep.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter

<xex>m</xex> prolonged, without opening the mouth, or

articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone; to drone.</def>



<q>The cloudy messenger turns me his back,

And <qex>hums</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hum</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To make an inarticulate sound, like <xex>h'm</xex>, through

the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a

affectation; to hem.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To express satisfaction by a humming

noise.</def>



<q>Here the spectators <qex>hummed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Trial of the Regicides.</qau>



<note><hand/ Formerly the habit of audiences was to express

gratification by humming and displeasure by hissing.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To have the sensation of a humming noise;

<as>as, my head <ex>hums</ex>, -- a pathological

condition</as>.</def>



<hw>Hum</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sing with shut

mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; <as>as, to

<ex>hum</ex> a tune</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To express satisfaction with by humming.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose

on; to humbug.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Low]</mark>



<hw>Hum</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A low monotonous

noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly revolving top, of a

wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz.</def>



<q>The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy <qex>hums</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any inarticulate and buzzing sound</def>; as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery,

etc., heard at a distance; <as>as, the <ex>hum</ex> of

industry</as>.</def>



<q>But 'midst the crowd, the <qex>hum</qex>, the shock of

men.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A buzz or murmur, as of approbation</def>.



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An imposition or hoax.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hem</er>, <pos>interj</pos>.]</ety>

<def>An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like <xex>h'm</xex>,

uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation,

etc.</def>



<q>THese shrugs, these <qex>hums</qex> and ha's.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Perh. so called because strongly

intoxicating.]</ety> <def>A kind of strong drink formerly

used.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<cs><col>Venous hum</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Venous</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hum</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hem</er>,

<ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound

uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and

deliberation.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Hu"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humanus</ets>; akin to <ets>homo</ets> man: cf. F.

<ets>humain</ets>. See <er>Homage</er>, and cf. <er>Humane</er>,

<er>Omber</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to man or mankind; having

the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or

to the race of man; <as>as, a <ex>human</ex> voice;

<ex>human</ex> shape; <ex>human</ex> nature; <ex>human</ex>

sacrifices.</as></def>



<q>To err is <qex>human</qex>; to forgive, divine.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Hu"man</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A human being.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Sprung of <qex>humans</qex> that inhabit earth.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<q>We <qex>humans</qex> often find ourselves in strange

position.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<hw>Hu"man*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>humanatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Indued with humanity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cranmer.</au>



<hw>Hu*mane"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humanus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>humain</ets>. See

<er>Human</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to man;

human.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the feelings and inclinations creditable

to man; having a disposition to treat other human beings or

animals with kindness; kind; benevolent.</def>



<q>Of an exceeding courteous and <qex>humane</qex>

inclination.</q>

<qau>Sportswood.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate;

gentle; tender; merciful.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hu*mane"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hu*mane"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<-- p. 712 -->



<hw>Hu*man"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The study of

human nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>T. W. Collins.</au>



<hw>Hu*man"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

human; to invest with a human personality; to incarnate.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>humanifying</qex> of the divine Word.</q>

<qau>H. B. Wilson.</qau>



<hw>Hu"man*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Human nature or disposition; humanity.</def>



<q>[She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with

indifference the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of

abstract <qex>humanism</qex>.</q>

<qau>T. Hardy.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The study of the humanities; polite

learning.</def>



<hw>Hu"man*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>humaniste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the scholars

who in the field of literature proper represented the movement of

the Renaissance, and early in the 16th century adopted the name

<xex>Humanist</xex> as their distinctive title.</def>



<au>Schaff-Herzog.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who purposes the study of the humanities, or

polite literature.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One versed in knowledge of human nature.</def>



<hw>Hu`man*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to humanity; <as>as, <ex>humanistic</ex>

devotion</as>.</def>



<au>Caird.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to polite kiterature.</def>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<hw>Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Theol. & Ch. Hist.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to

humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; <as>as, a

<ex>humanitarian</ex> view of Christ's nature</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Content with right

affections and actions toward man; ethical, as distinguished from

religious; believing in the perfectibility of man's nature

without supernatural aid.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Benevolent; philanthropic.</def>

<mark>[Recent]</mark>



<hw>Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Humanity</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Theol. & Ch.

Hist.)</fld> <def>One who denies the divinity of Christ, and

believes him to have been merely human.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>One who limits the sphere

of duties to human relations and affections, to the exclusion or

disparagement of the religious or spiritual.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who is actively concerned in promoting the

welfare of his kind; a philanthropist.</def>

<mark>[Recent]</mark>



<hw>Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Theol. & Ch. Hist.)</fld> <def>The distinctive

tenet of the humanitarians in denying the divinity of Christ;

also, the whole system of doctrine based upon this view of

Christ.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that man's

obligations are limited to, and dependent alone upon, man and the

human relations.</def>



<hw>Hu`ma*ni"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

humanist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Hu*man"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Humanities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>humanitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>humanit\'82</ets>. See

<er>Human</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being

human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished

from other beings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mankind collectively; the human race.</def>



<q>But hearing oftentimes

The still, and music <qex>humanity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>It is a debt we owe to <qex>humanity</qex>.</q>

<qau>S. S. Smith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The quality of being humane; the kind feelings,

dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to

relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all

creatures with kindness and tenderness.</def> \'bdThe common

offices of <xex>humanity</xex> and friendship.\'b8



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Mental cultivation; liberal education;

instruction in classical and polite literature.</def>



<q>Polished with <qex>humanity</qex> and the study of witty

science.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> (With definite article) <def>The

branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric,

poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters.</def>



<note><hand/ The cultivation of the languages, literature,

history, and arch\'91ology of Greece and Rome, were very commonly

called <xex>liter\'91 humaniores</xex>, or, in English, the

<xex>humanities</xex>, . . . by way of opposition to the

<xex>liter\'91 divin\'91</xex>, or divinity.</note>



<au>G. P. Marsh.</au>



<hw>Hu*man`i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of humanizing.</def>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<hw>Hu"man*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Humanized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Humanizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>humaniser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render human or

humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel

dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize.</def>



<q>Was it the business of magic to <qex>humanize</qex> our

natures with compassion?</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a human character or expression

to.</def> \'bd<xex>Humanized</xex> divinities.\'b8



<au>Caird.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To convert into something

human or belonging to man; <as>as, to <ex>humanize</ex> vaccine

lymph</as>.</def>



<hw>Hu"man*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become or be made

more humane; to become civilized; to be ameliorated.</def>



<q>By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the

punishment of injury. <qex>Humanizing</qex> by degrees, it

admitted slavery instead of death; a further step was the

exchange of prisoners instead of slavery.</q>

<qau>Franklin.</qau>



<hw>Hu"man*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

renders humane.</def>



<hw>Hu"man*kind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Mankind.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Hu"man*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a human

manner; after the manner of men; according to the knowledge or

wisdom of men; <as>as, the present prospects, <ex>humanly</ex>

speaking, promise a happy issue</as>.</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Kindly; humanely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Hu"man*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being human.</def>



<hw>Hu"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A salt of humic acid.</def>



<hw>Hu*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humatio</ets>, fr. <ets>humare</ets> to cover with earth, to

inter, fr. <ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground. See

<er>Homage</er>.]</ety> <def>Interment; inhumation.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hum"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Humming

bird.</def>



<hw>Hum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Humbler</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Humblest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>humilis</ets> on the ground, low, fr.

<ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground. See <er>Homage</er>, and cf.

<er>Chameleon</er>, <er>Humiliate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or

magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; <as>as, a <ex>humble</ex>

cottage</as>.</def>



<q>THy <qex>humble</qex> nest built on the ground.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little

for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's

self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of

God; lowly; waek; modest.</def>



<q>God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the

<qex>humble</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jas. iv. 6.</qau>



<q>She should be <qex>humble</qex> who would please.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<q>Without a <qex>humble</qex> imitation of the divine Author of

our . . . religion we can never hope to be a happy nation.</q>

<qau>Washington.</qau>



<cs><col>Humble plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of

sensitive plant, of the genus <spn>Mimosa</spn> (<spn>M.

sensitiva</spn>).</cd> -- <col>To eat humble pie</col>, <cd>to

endure mortification; to submit or apologize abjectly; to yield

passively to insult or humilitation; -- a phrase derived from a

pie made of the entrails or <xex>humbles<xex> of a deer, which

was formerly served to servants and retainers at a hunting feast.

See <er>Humbles</er>. <au>Halliwell</au>.

<au>Thackeray</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hornless. See

<er>Hummel</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Hum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Humbled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Humbling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring low; to

reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of; to lower; to

abase; to humilate.</def>



<q>Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues

Have <qex>humbled</qex> to all strokes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The genius which <qex>humbled</qex> six marshals of

France.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the

pride or arrogance of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to

make meek and submissive; -- often used rexlexively.</def>



<q><qex>Humble</qex> yourselves therefore under the mighty hand

of God, that he may exalt you.</q>

<qau>1 Pet. v. 6.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify;

disgrace; degrade.</syn>



<hw>Hum"ble*bee`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>humbilbee</ets>, <ets>hombulbe</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>hommel</ets>, G. <ets>hummel</ets>, OHG. <ets>humbal</ets>,

Dan. <ets>humle</ets>, Sw. <ets>humla</ets>; perh. akin to

<ets>hum</ets>. <root/15. Cf. <er>Bumblebee</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bumblebee.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hum"ble*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Humble</ets> + -<ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <def>Humble

condition or estate; humility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hum"ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

humble; humility; meekness.</def>



<hw>Hum"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, humbles some one.</def>



<hw>Hum"bles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Nombles</er>.]</ety> <def>Entrails of a deer.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>umbles</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Hum"blesse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.]</ety>

<def>Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au> <au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hum"bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With humility;

lowly.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Hum"bug`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr.

<ets>hum</ets> to impose on, deceive + <ets>bug</ets> a frightful

object.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An imposition under fair

pretenses; something contrived in order to deceive and mislead; a

trick by cajolery; a hoax.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spirit of deception; cajolery;

trickishness.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or

trickish fellow; an impostor.</def>



<au>Sir J. Stephen.</au>



<hw>Hum"bug`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Humbugged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Humbugging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.</def>



<hw>Hum"bug`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

humbugs.</def>



<hw>Hum"bug`ger*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice of imposition.</def>



<hw>Hum"drum`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Monotonous;

dull; commonplace.</def> \'bdA <xex>humdrum</xex> crone.\'b8



<au>Bryant.</au>



<hw>Hum"drum`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A dull fellow;

a bore.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Monotonous and tedious routine.</def>



<q>Dissatisfied with <qex>humdrum</qex>.</q>

<qau>The Nation.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one

horse.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hu*mect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hu*mec"tate</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humectare</ets>, <ets>humectatum</ets>, fr.

<ets>humectus</ets> moist, fr. <ets>humere</ets> to be moist: cf.

F. <ets>humecter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To moisten; to wet.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Hu*mec"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humectans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Diluent.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A diluent drink or

medicine.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hu`mec*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humectatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>humectation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A moistening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Hu*mec"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

moisten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hu"mer*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humerus</ets> the shoulder: cf. F.

<ets>hum\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm;

brachial.</def>



<cs><col>Humeral veil</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a long,

narrow veil or scarf of the same material as the vestments, worn

round the shoulders by the officiating priest or his attendant at

Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels from contact with

the hands.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Hu"me*rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Humeri</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bone of the brachium, or

upper part of the arm or fore limb.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

part of the limb containing the humerus; the brachium.</def>



<hw>Hu"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground: cf. F.

<ets>humique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,

or derived from, vegetable mold; <as>as, <ex>humic</ex>

acid</as>. See <er>Humin</er>.</def>



<hw>Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humus</ets> the ground + <ets>cubare</ets> to lie

down.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of lying on the

ground.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Abp. Bramhall.</au>



<hw>Hu"mid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humidus</ets>, <ets>umidus</ets>, fr. <ets>humere</ets>,

<ets>umere</ets>, to be moist; akin to <ets>uvidus</ets> moist,

Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>uksh</ets> to wet, sprinkle, and Icel.

<ets>v\'94kr</ets> moist, and perh. to E. <ets>ox</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>humide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing sensible moisture;

damp; moist; <as>as, a <ex>humid</ex>air or atmosphere</as>;

somewhat wet or watery; <as>as, <ex>humid</ex> earth</as>;

consisting of water or vapor.</def>



<q>Evening cloud, or <qex>humid</qex> bow.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hu*mid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>humidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Moisture; dampness; a

moderate degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or

touch; -- used especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which

has absorbed moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing.</def>



<note><hand/ In hygrometrical reports (as of the United States

Signal Service) complete saturation of the air is designated by

<xex>Humidity</xex> 100, and its partial saturation by smaller

numbers.</note>



<hw>Hu"mid*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Humidity.</def>



<hw>Hu"mi*fuse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humus</ets> ground + <ets>fusus</ets>, p.p. of

<ets>fundere</ets> to spread.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Hu*mil"i*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humilians</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>humiliare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Humiliating; humbling.</def> \'bd<xex>Humiliant</xex>

thoughts.\'b8 <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>



<hw>Hu*mil"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Humiliated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Humiliating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>humiliatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>humiliare</ets>. See

<er>Humble</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce to a lower position in

one's own eyes, or in the eyes of others; to humble; to

mortify.</def>



<q>We stand <qex>humiliated</qex> rather than encouraged.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<hw>Hu*mil`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humiliatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>humiliation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of

pride; mortification.</def>



<au>Bp. Hopkins.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being humiliated, humbled, or

reduced to lowliness or submission.</def>



<q>The former was a <qex>humiliation</qex> of Deity; the latter a

<qex>humiliation</qex> of manhood.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<hw>Hu*mil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Humilities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>humilite</ets>, OF. <ets>humilit\'82</ets>,

<ets>humelit\'82</ets>, F. <ets>humilit\'82</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>humiliatis</ets>. See <er>Humble</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and

arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own

worth; a sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and

sinfulness; self-abasement; humbleness.</def>



<q>Serving the Lord with all <qex>humility</qex> of mind.</q>

<qau>Acts xx. 19.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of submission or courtesy.</def>



<q>With these <qex>humilities</qex> they satisfied the young

king.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty;

diffidence.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Humility</er>, <er>Modesty</er>,

<er>Diffidence</er>. <xex>Diffidence</xex> is a distrust of our

powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured,

since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is

not usually called <xex>diffidence</xex>. It may be carried too

far, and is not always, like modesty and humility, a virtue.

<xex>Modesty</xex>, without supposing self-distrust, implies an

unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all

over-confidence in our own powers. <xex>Humility</xex> consists

in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive our rights,

and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not require

of us to underrate ourselves.</usage>



<hw>Hu"min</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted

from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on

certain sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also <altname>humic

acid</altname>, <altname>ulmin</altname>,

<altname>gein</altname>, <altname>ulmic</altname> or

<altname>geic acid</altname>, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hu*mi"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

native name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fragrant balsam

obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus

<spn>Humirium</spn>.</def>



<hw>Hum"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after

Sir A.<ets>Hume</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of

a transparent vitreous brown color, found in the ejected masses

of Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing

fluorine.</def>



<hw>Hum"mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Hamble</er>.]</ety> <def>To separate from the awns; -- said

of barley.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Hum"mel</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no awns or no horns;

<as>as, <ex>hummel</ex>corn; a <ex>hummel</ex> cow.</as></def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Hum"mel*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written

also <ets>hummeller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or a machine

which, hummels.</def>



<hw>Hum"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming.</def>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A humming bird.</def>



<hw>Hum"ming</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Emitting a

murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing.</def>



<hw>Hum"ming</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sound like that made by

bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum.</def>



<cs><col>Hummingale</col>, <cd>lively or strong ale.

<au>Dryden</au>.</cd> -- <col>Humming bird</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any bird of the family

<spn>Trochilid\'91</spn>, of which over one hundred genera are

known, including about four hundred species. They are found only

in America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly

of very small size, and are not for their very brilliant colors

and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating

their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both

upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The common

humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is

<spn>Trochilus culubris</spn>. Several other species are found in

the Western United States. See <er>Calliope</er>, and

<er>Ruby-throat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Humming-bird moth</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a hawk moth. See <cref>Hawk

moth</cref>, under <er>Hawk</er>, the bird.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hum"mock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. a dim.

of <ets>hump</ets>. See <er>Hump</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

rounded knoll or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent,

above a level surface.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Timbered land. See <er>Hammock</er>.</def>

<mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Hum"mock*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process of forming

hummocks in the collision of Arctic ice.</def>



<au>Kane.</au>



<hw>Hum"mock*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in

hummocks.</def>



<hw>Hum"mum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per. or Ar.

<ets>hamm\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sweating bath or place for

sweating.</def>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Hu"mor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>humour</ets>, OF. <ets>humor</ets>, <ets>umor</ets>, F.

<ets>humeur</ets>, L. <ets>humor</ets>, <ets>umor</ets>,

moisture, fluid, fr. <ets>humere</ets>, <ets>umere</ets>, to be

moist. See <er>Humid</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>humour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moisture,

especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle,

lymph, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>humors</ex> of the eye,

etc.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The ancient physicians believed that there were four

humors (the blood, phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile

or melancholy), on the relative proportion of which the

temperament and health depended.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vitiated or morbid animal

fluid, such as often causes an eruption on the skin.</def> \'bdA

body full of <xex>humors</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as

formerly supposed to depend on the character or combination of

the fluids of the body); disposition; temper; mood; <as>as, good

<ex>humor</ex>; ill <ex>humor</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Examine how your <qex>humor</qex> is inclined,

And which the ruling passion of your mind.</q>

<qau>Roscommon.</qau>



<q>A prince of a pleasant <qex>humor</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>I like not the <qex>humor</qex> of lying.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Changing and uncertain states

of mind; caprices; freaks; vagaries; whims.</def>



<q>Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion? Has he

not <qex>humors</qex> to be endured?</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That quality of the imagination which gives to

ideas an incongruous or fantastic turn, and tends to excite

laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or representations; a

playful fancy; facetiousness.</def>



<q>For thy sake I admit

That a Scot may have <qex>humor</qex>, I'd almost said wit.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>A great deal of excellent <qex>humor</qex> was expended on the

perplexities of mine host.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Aqueous humor</col>, <col>Crystalline humor</col>

<or/ <col>lens</col>, <col>Vitreous humor</col></mcol>.

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Eye</er>.</cd> -- <col>Out of

humor</col>, <cd>dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame

of mind.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood;

frame; whim; fancy; caprice. See <er>Wit</er>.</syn>



<-- p. 713 -->



<hw>Hu"mor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Humored</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Humoring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To comply with

the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the peculiarities,

caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to indulge by

skillful adaptation; <as>as, to <ex>humor</ex> the

mind</as>.</def>



<q>It is my part to invent, and the musician's to

<qex>humor</qex> that invention.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment;

to soothe; to gratify; to please.</def>



<q>You <qex>humor</qex> me when I am sick.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To gratify; to indulge. See <er>Gratify</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hu"mor*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>humoral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or proceeding

from, the humors; <as>as, a <ex>humoral</ex> fever</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Humoral pathology</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the

pathology, or doctrine of the nature of diseases, which

attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered condition of

the fluids or humors of the body.</cd></cs><-- antiquated -->



<hw>Hu"mor*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being

humoral.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that diseases

proceed from the humors; humorism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hu"mor*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who favors the

humoral pathology or believes in humoralism.</def>



<hw>Hu"mor*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The theory founded on the influence which

the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease;

Galenism.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The manner or disposition of a humorist;

humorousness.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Hu"mor*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>humoriste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>One who attributes diseases of the state of the

humors.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of

character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways.</def>



<q>He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great <qex>humorist</qex>

in all parts of his life.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who displays humor in speaking or writing;

one who has a facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll.</def>



<q>The reputation of wits and <qex>humorists</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Hu`mor*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist.</def>



<hw>Hu"mor*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

humor.</def>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Hu"mor*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

humor.</def>



<hw>Hu"mor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>humorosus</ets>, <ets>umorosus</ets>, moist. See

<er>Humor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moist; humid;

watery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All founts wells, all deeps <qex>humorous</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Subject to be governed by humor or caprice;

irregular; capricious; whimsical.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<q>Rough as a storm and <qex>humorous</qex> as the wind.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter;

playful; <as>as, a <ex>humorous</ex> story or author; a

<ex>humorous</ex> aspect.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry.</syn>



<hw>Hu"mor*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capriciously; whimsically.</def>



<q>We resolve rashly, sillily, or <qex>humorously</qex>.</q>

<qau>Calamy.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Facetiously; wittily.</def>



<hw>Hu"mor*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Moodiness; capriciousness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Facetiousness; jocularity.</def>



<hw>Hu"mor*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Moody; whimsical; capricious.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<q>The commons do not abet <qex>humorsome</qex>, factious

arms.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Jocose; witty; humorous.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hu"mor*some*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Pleasantly;

humorously.</def>



<hw>Hu"mor*some*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

humorsome.</def>



<hw>Hump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>homp</ets> a lump, LG. <ets>hump</ets> heap, hill, stump,

possibly akin to E. <ets>heap</ets>. Cf. <er>Hunch</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A protuberance; especially, the protuberance

formed by a crooked back.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fleshy protuberance on

the back of an animal, as a camel or whale.</def>



<hw>Hump"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Hunchback</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A crooked back; a

humped back.</def>



<au>Tatler.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A humpbacked person; a hunchback.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any whale of

the genus <spn>Megaptera</spn>, characterized by a hump or bunch

on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in

the North Atlantic are <spn>Megaptera longimana</spn> of Europe,

and <spn>M. osphyia</spn> of America; that of the California

coasts is <spn>M. versabilis</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

small salmon (<spn>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</spn>), of the

northwest coast of America.</def>



<hw>Hump"backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

humped back.</def>



<hw>Humped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a hump,

as the back.</def>



<hw>Humph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Of

imitative origin.]</ety> <def>An exclamation denoting surprise,

or contempt, doubt, etc.</def>



<hw>Hump"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

hump.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Hump"-shoul`dered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having high, hunched shoulders.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>Hump"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of humps or

bunches; covered with protuberances; humped.</def>



<hw>Hum"strum`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly

played.</def>



<hw>Hu"mu*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>Humulus</ets>, the genus including the hop.]</ety> <def>An

extract of hops.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hu"mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., the

earth, ground, soil.]</ety> <def>That portion of the soil formed

by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is a

valuable constituent of soils.</def>



<au>Graham.</au>



<hw>Hun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hunni</ets>, also <ets>Chunni</ets>, and <ets>Chuni</ets>;

cf. AS. <ets>H<?/nas</ets>, <ets>H<?/ne</ets>, OHG.

<ets>H<?/ni</ets>, G. <ets>Hunnen</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a

warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century,

under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe.</def>



<hw>Hunch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. akin to

<ets>huckle</ets>; cf. <ets>hump</ets>, <ets>hunch</ets>,

<ets>bunch</ets>, <ets>hunk</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

hump; a protuberance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lump; a thick piece; <as>as, a <ex>hunch</ex>

of bread</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A push or thrust, as with the elbow.</def>



<hw>Hunch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hunched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hunching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To push

or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook,

as the back.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hunch"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Humpback</er>.]</ety> <def>A back with a hunch or hump; also,

a hunchbacked person.</def>



<hw>Hunch"backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

humped back.</def>



<hw>Hun"dred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hundred</ets>, AS. <ets>hundred</ets> a territorial

division; <ets>hund</ets> hundred + a word akin to Goth.

<ets>ga-ra<?/jan</ets> to count, L. <ets>ratio</ets> reckoning,

account; akin to OS. <ets>hunderod</ets>, <ets>hund</ets>, D.

<ets>hondred</ets>, G. <ets>hundert</ets>, OHG. also

<ets>hunt</ets>, Icel. <ets>hundra<?/</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hundrede</ets>, Sw. <ets>hundra</ets>, <ets>hundrade</ets>,

Goth. <ets>hund</ets>, Lith. <ets>szimtas</ets>, Russ.

<ets>sto</ets>, W. <ets>cant</ets>, Ir. <ets>cead</ets>, L.

<ets>centum</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>\'87ata</ets>. <root/309.

Cf. <er>Cent</er>, <er>Century</er>, <er>Hecatomb</er>,

<er>Quintal</er>, and <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The product of ten mulitplied by ten, or the number of ten

times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units

or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred

units, as 100 or C.</def>



<q>With many <qex>hundreds</qex> treading on his heels.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ The word <xex>hundred</xex>, as well as

<xex>thousand</xex>, <xex>million</xex>, etc., often takes a

plural form. We may say <xex>hundreds</xex>, or many

<xex>hundreds</xex>, meaning individual objects or units, but

with an ordinal numeral adjective in constructions like five

<xex>hundreds</xex>, or eight <xex>hundreds</xex>, it is usually

intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as,

ten <xex>hundreds</xex> are one thousand.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A division of a country in England, supposed to

have originally contained a <xex>hundred</xex> families, or

freemen.</def>



<cs><col>Hundred court</col>, <cd>a court held for all the

inhabitants of a hundred. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Hun"dred</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ten times ten; five score;

<as>as, a <ex>hundred</ex> dollars</as>.</def>



<hw>Hun"dred*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person competent to serve on

a jury, in an action for land in the hundred to which he

belongs.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and

sometimes, a bailiff of a hundred.</def>



<au>Blount. Cowell.</au>



<hw>Hun"dred*fold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

hundred times as much or as many.</def>



<q>He shall receive as <qex>hundredfold</qex> now in this

time.</q>

<qau>Mark x. 30.</qau>



<hw>Hun"dredth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Coming last of a hundred successive individuals or

units.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which

anything is divided; the tenth of a tenth.</def>



<hw>Hun"dredth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a hundred equal

parts into which one whole is, or may be, divided; the quotient

of a unit divided by a hundred.</def>



<hw>Hun"dred*wieght`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds

avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal

standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United

States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds

avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes

called the <xex>short</xex> ton, beingthe legal ton.</def>



<hw>Hung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Hang</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Hung beef</col>, <cd>the fleshy part of beef slightly

salted and hung up to dry; dried beef.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hun*ga"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or one of the people of

Hungary.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Hungarian grass</col>. <cd>See <cref>Italian

millet</cref>, under <er>Millet</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hun"ga*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A country in

Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.</def>



<cs><col>Hungary water</col>, <cd>a distilled \'bdwater,\'b8 made

from dilute alcohol aromatized with rosemary flowers,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hun"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hungor</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>hunger</ets>, D.

<ets>honger</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>hungar</ets>, G.

<ets>hunger</ets>, Icel. <ets>hungr</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>hunger</ets>, Goth. <ets>h<?/hrus</ets> hunger,

<ets>huggrjan</ets> to hunger.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An uneasy

sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or

desire for food.</def>



<note><hand/ The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the

stomach, but is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory

nerves, both of the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on

indirect impressions from other organs, more or less exhausted

from lack of nutriment.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any strong eager desire.</def>



<q>O sacred <qex>hunger</qex> of ambitious minds!</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>For <qex>hunger</qex> of my gold I die.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Hun"ger</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hungered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hungering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hungren</ets>, AS. <ets>hyngrian</ets>. See <er>Hunger</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feel the craving or

uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by

hunger.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have an eager desire; to long.</def>



<q>Blessed are they which do <qex>hunger</qex> and thirst after

righteouness.</q>

<qau>Matt. v. 6.</qau>



<hw>Hun"ger</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make hungry; to

famish.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hun"ger-bit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hun"ger-bit`ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pinched or weakened by hunger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hun"gered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hungry;

pinched for food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hun"ger*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hungers; one who longs.</def>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Hun"ger*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wanting food;

starved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hun"ger*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With keen

appetite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hun"ger-starve`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

starve with hunger; to famish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hun"gred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hungered;

hungry.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Hun"gri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hunger</er>.]</ety> <def>In a hungry manner;

voraciously.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hun"gry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Hungrier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Hungriest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hungrid</ets>. See <er>Hunger</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite; feeling uneasiness

or distress from want of food; hence, having an eager

desire.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Showing hunger or a craving desire;

voracious.</def>



<q>The cruel, <qex>hungry</qex> foam.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<q>Cassius has a lean and <qex>hungry</qex> look.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved;

<as>as, a <ex>hungry</ex> soil</as>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>hungry</xex> beach.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hunk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Hunch</er>.]</ety> <def>A large lump or piece; a hunch;

<as>as, a <ex>hunk</ex> of bread</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<-- 2. a sexually attractive, well-built man. -->



<hw>Hun"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Originally, a

nickname for a member of the conservative section of the

Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to progress in

general; a fogy.</def> <mark>[Political Cant, U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Hun"ker*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Excessive

conservatism; hostility to progress.</def> <mark>[Political Cant,

U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Hunks</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a

niggard.</def>



<q>Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness

of an old <qex>hunks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<hw>Hunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hunted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Hunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>huntian</ets> to hunt; cf. <ets>hentan</ets> to follow,

pursue, Goth. <ets>hin<?/an</ets> (in comp.) to seize. <root/36.

Cf. <er>Hent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To search for or

follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for

the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns

for sport or exercise; <as>as, to <ex>hunt</ex> a

deer</as>.</def>



<q>Like a dog, he <qex>hunts</qex> in dreams.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue;

to follow; -- often with <xex>out</xex> or <xex>up</xex>; <as>as,

to <ex>hunt</ex> up the facts; to <ex>hunt</ex> out

evidence.</as></def>



<q>Evil shall <qex>hunt</qex> the violent man to overthrow

him.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxl. 11.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To drive; to chase; -- with <xex>down</xex>,

<xex>from</xex>, <xex>away</xex>, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>hunt</ex>

down a criminal; he was <ex>hunted</ex> from the

parish.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To use or manage in the chase, as hounds.</def>



<q>He <qex>hunts</qex> a pack of dogs.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To use or traverse in pursuit of game; <as>as,

he <ex>hunts</ex> the woods, or the country</as>.</def>



<hw>Hunt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To follow the

chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds.</def>



<q>Esau went to the field to <qex>hunt</qex> for venison.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxvii. 5.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with

<xex>for</xex> or <xex>after</xex>.</def>



<q>He after honor <qex>hunts</qex>, I after love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To hunt counter</col>, <cd>to trace the scent backward

in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hunt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or practice

of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search.</def>



<q>The <qex>hunt</qex> is up; the morn is bright and gray.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The game secured in the hunt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pack of hounds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An association of huntsmen.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A district of country hunted over.</def>



<q>Every landowner within the <qex>hunt</qex>.</q>

<qau>London Field.</qau>



<hw>Hunt"-count`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a blunderer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hunt"e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>hunta</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hunter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hunt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a

huntsman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dog that scents game, or is trained to the

chase; a hunting dog.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A horse used in the chase; especially, a

thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for

game; <as>as, a fortune <ex>hunter</ex> a place

<ex>hunter</ex></as>.</def>



<q>No keener <qex>hunter</qex> after glory breathes.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of spider. See

<cref>Hunting spider</cref>, under <er>Hunting</er>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is

protected by a metallic cover.</def>



<cs><col>Hunter's room</col>, <cd>the lunation after the harvest

moon.</cd> -- <col>Hunter's screw</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a

differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under

<er>Differential</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hun*te"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Discovered

or described by John <ets>Hunter</ets>, an English surgeon;

<as>as, the <ex>Hunterian</ex> chancre</as>. See

<er>Chancre</er>.</def>



<hw>Hunt"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The pursuit of

game or of wild animals.</def>



<au>A. Smith.</au>



<cs><col>Happy hunting grounds</col>, <cd>the region to which,

according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of

warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and

feasting. <au>Tylor</au>.</cd> -- <col>Hunting box</col>.

<cd>Same As <cref>Hunting lodge</cref> (below).</cd> --

<col>Hunting cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

cheetah.</cd> -- <col>Hunting cog</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a

tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its number

of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus

preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth.</cd>

-- <col>Hunting dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hyena

dog.</cd> -- <col>Hunting ground</col>, <cd>a region or district

abounding in game; esp. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>), the regions roamed

over by the North American Indians in search of game.</cd> --

<col>Hunting horn</col>, <cd>a bulge; a horn used in the chase.

See <er>Horn</er>, and <er>Bulge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hunting

leopard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cheetah.</cd> --

<col>Hunting lodge</col>, <cd>a temporary residence for the

purpose of hunting.</cd> -- <col>Hunting seat</col>, <cd>a

hunting lodge. <au>Gray</au>.</cd> -- <col>Hunting shirt</col>,

<cd>a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather.</cd> --

<col>Hunting spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a spider

which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf

spider.</cd> -- <col>Hunting watch</col>. <cd>See

<er>Hunter</er>, 6.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hunt"ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who

hunts or follows the chase; <as>as, the <ex>huntress</ex>

Diana</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hunts"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Huntsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who hunts, or who practices hunting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The person whose office it is to manage the

chase or to look after the hounds.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<cs><col>Huntsman's cup</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

sidesaddle flower, or common American pitcher plant

(<spn>Sarracenia purpurea</spn>).</cd></cs>



<-- p. 714 -->



<hw>Hunts"man*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art

or practice of hunting, or the qualification of a hunter.</def>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>Hunt's"-up`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tune

played on the horn very early in the morning to call out the

hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Time plays the <qex>hunt's-up</qex> to thy sleepy head.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Hur"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hurds</er>.]</ety> <def>A coarse kind of linen; -- called

also <altname>harden</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Hur"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hurdel</ets>, <ets>hirdel</ets>, AS. <ets>hyrdel</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>horde</ets>, OHG. <ets>hurt</ets>, G.

<ets>h\'81rde</ets> a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. <ets>hur<?/</ets>

door, Goth. <ets>ha\'a3rds</ets>, L. <ets>cratis</ets>

wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>k<?/t</ets> to spin,

<ets>c<?/t</ets> to bind, connect. <root/16. Cf. <er>Crate</er>,

<er>Grate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A movable

frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or

sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and

cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as

revetments, and for other purposes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In England, a sled or crate on which criminals

were formerly drawn to the place of execution.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An artificial barrier, variously constructed,

over which men or horses leap in a race.</def>



<cs><col>Hurdle race</col>, <cd>a race in which artificial

barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be

leaped.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hur"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hurdleed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hurdleing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hur"dle*work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work

after manner of a hurdle.</def>



<hw>Hurds</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hards</er>.]</ety> <def>The coarse part of flax or hemp;

hards.</def>



<hw>Hur"dy-gur`dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. of

imitative origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stringled instrument,

lutelike in shape, in which the sound is produced by the friction

of a wheel turned by a crank at the end, instead of by a bow, two

of the strings being tuned as drones, while two or more, tuned in

unison, are modulated by keys.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In California, a water wheel with radial

buckets, driven by the impact of a jet.</def>



<hw>Hur*ka"ru</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>hark\'bera</ets>]</ety> <def>In India, a running footman; a

messenger.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hurkaroo</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hurl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hurled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hurling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>hurlen</ets>, <ets>hourlen</ets>; prob. contracted

fr. OE. <ets>hurtlen</ets> to hurtle, or probably akin to E.

<ets>whirl</ets>. <root/16. See <er>Hurtle</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to

throw with violence; to drive with great force; <as>as, to

<ex>hurl</ex> a stone or lance</as>.</def>



<q>And <qex>hurl'd</qex> them headlong to their fleet and

main.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity;

<as>as, to <ex>hurl</ex> charges or invective</as>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Whirl</er>.]</ety> <def>To twist or

turn.</def> \'bd<xex>Hurled</xex> or crooked feet.\'b8

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Hurl</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hurl one's

self; to go quickly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perform the act of hurling something; to

throw something (at another).</def>



<q>God shall <qex>hurl</qex> at him and not spare.</q>

<qau>Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To play the game of hurling. See

<er>Hurling</er>.</def>



<hw>Hurl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of hurling

or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling.</def>



<au>Congreve.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tumult; riot; hurly-burly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Knolles.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Hat Manuf.)</fld> <def>A table on which fiber

is stirred and mixed by beating with a bowspring.</def>



<hw>Hurl"bat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Whirlbat</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Hurl"bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>See <er>Whirlbone</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A bone near the middle of the

buttock of a horse.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Hurl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who hurls,

or plays at hurling.</def>



<hw>Hurl"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

throwing with force.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of game at ball, formerly played.</def>



<q><qex>Hurling</qex> taketh its denomination from throwing the

ball.</q>

<qau>Carew.</qau>



<hw>Hurl"wind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

whirlwind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sandys.</au>



<hw>Hur"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hurler</ets> to howl.]</ety> <def>Noise; confusion;

uproar.</def>



<q>That, with the <qex>hurly</qex>, death itself awakes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Hur"ly-bur`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Reduplicated fr. OE. <ets>hurly</ets> confusion: cf. F.

<ets>hurler</ets> to howl, yell, L. <ets>ululare</ets>; or cf. E.

<ets>hurry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tumult; bustle; confusion.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>All places were filled with tumult and

<qex>hurly-burly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<hw>Hu*ro"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Named from

Lake <ets>Huron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to certain non-fossiliferous rocks on the borders of

Lake Huron, which are supposed to correspond in time to the

latter part of the Arch\'91an age.</def>



<hw>Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A linguistic group of warlike North

American Indians, belonging to the same stock as the Algonquins,

and including several tribes, among which were the Five Nations.

They formerly occupied the region about Lakes Erie and Ontario,

and the larger part of New York.</def>



<hw>Hu"rons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos><def>;

<xex>sing</xex>. <er>Huron</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> A powerful

and warlike tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin

stock. They formerly occupied the country between Lakes Huron,

Erie, and Ontario, but were nearly exterminated by the Five

Nations about 1650.</def>



<hw>Hurr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hurry</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a rolling or burring

sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>R is the dog's letter, and <qex>hurreth</qex> in the

sound.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hur*rah"</hw> <hw>Hur*ra"</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>hurra</ets>.

Cf. <er>Huzza</er>.]</ety> <def>A word used as a shout of joy,

triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome.</def>



<q><qex>Hurrah</qex>! <qex>hurrah</qex>! for Ivry and Henry of

Navarre.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Hur*rah"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cheer; a shout of joy,

etc.</def>



<cs><col>Hurrah's nest</col>, <cd>state of utmost confusion.

<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>



<q>A perfect <qex>hurrah's nest</qex> in our kitchen.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Stowe.</qau>



<hw>Hur*rah"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To utter

hurrahs; to huzza.</def>



<hw>Hur*rah"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To salute, or applaud,

with hurrahs.</def>



<hw>Hur"ri*cane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>hurracan</ets>; orig. a Carib word signifying, a high

wind.]</ety> <def>A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury

and sudden changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by

rain, thunder, and lightning; -- especially prevalent in the East

and West Indies. Also used figuratively.</def>



<q>Like the smoke in a <qex>hurricane</qex> whirl'd.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>Each guilty thought to me is

A dreadful <qex>hurricane</qex>.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<cs><col>Hurricane bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

frigate bird.</cd> -- <col>Hurricane deck</col>.

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Deck</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hur`ri*ca"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hurricanoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>A waterspout; a

hurricane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Drayton</au>.  \'bdYou

cataracts and <xex>hurricanoes</xex>, spout.\'b8



<au>Shak</au>.



<hw>Hur"ried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; <as>as, a

<ex>hurried</ex> writer; a <ex>hurried</ex> life.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless;

<as>as, a <ex>hurried</ex> job</as>.</def> \'bdA

<xex>hurried</xex> meeting.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hur"ried*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hur"ried*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hur"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hurries or urges.</def>



<hw>Hur"ries</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A staith or

framework from which coal is discharged from cars into

vessels.</def>



<hw>Hur"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hurried</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Hurrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>horien</ets>; cf.

OSw. <ets>hurra</ets> to whirl round, dial. Sw. <ets>hurr</ets>

great haste, Dan. <ets>hurre</ets> to buzz, Icel. <ets>hurr</ets>

hurly-burly, MHG. <ets>hurren</ets> to hurry, and E.

<ets>hurr</ets>, <ets>whir</ets> to hurry; all prob. of imitative

origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hasten; to impel to greater

speed; to urge on.</def>



<q>Impetuous lust <qex>hurries</qex> him on.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>They <qex>hurried</qex> him abroad a bark.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action;

to urge to confused or irregular activity.</def>



<q>And wild amazement <qex>hurries</qex> up and down

The little number of your doubtful friends.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to be done quickly.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken;

accelerate; urge.</syn>



<hw>Hur"ry</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move or act with haste;

to proceed with celerity or precipitation; <as>as, let us

<ex>hurry</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>To hurry up</col>, <cd>to make haste.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Hur"ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of hurrying in motion

or business; pressure; urgency; bustle; confusion.</def>



<q>Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind,

and puts into a violent <qex>hurry</qex> of thought.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See <er>Haste</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hur"ry*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hurrying

manner.</def>



<hw>Hur"ry-skur`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[An

imitative word; cf. Sw. <ets>skorra</ets> to rattle, snarl, E.

<ets>scurry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Confusedly; in a bustle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Hurst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hurst</ets>, AS. <ets>hyrst</ets>; akin to OHG.

<ets>hurst</ets>, <ets>horst</ets>, wood, thicket, G.

<ets>horst</ets> the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie,

thicket.]</ety> <def>A wood or grove; -- a word used in the

composition of many names, as in Hazle<xex>hurst</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hurt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A husk. See <er>Husk</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Hurt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hurt</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hurting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>hurten</ets>, <ets>hirten</ets>,

<ets>horten</ets>, <ets>herten</ets>; prob. fr. OF.

<ets>hurter</ets>, <ets>heurter</ets>, to knock, thrust, strike,

F. <ets>heurter</ets>; cf. W. <ets>hyrddu</ets> to push, drive,

assault, <ets>hwrdd</ets> a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the

orig. sense of the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf.

D. <ets>horten</ets> to push, strike, MHG. <ets>hurten</ets>,

both prob. fr. Old French.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause

physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise

painfully.</def>



<q>The <qex>hurt</qex> lion groans within his den.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or

pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm.</def>



<q>Virtue may be assailed, but never <qex>hurt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain

to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to

grieve.</def> \'bdI am angry and <xex>hurt</xex>.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Hurt"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bodily injury

causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like.</def>



<q>The pains of sickness and <qex>hurts</qex> . . . all men

feel.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a

slight; a stain; as of sin.</def>



<q>But the jingling of the guinea helps the <qex>hurt</qex> that

Honor feels.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief.</def>



<q>Thou dost me yet but little <qex>hurt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss;

detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage.</syn>



<hw>Hurt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who hurts

or does harm.</def>



<q>I shall not be a <qex>hurter</qex>, if no helper.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Hurt"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>heurtoir</ets>,

lit., a striker. See <er>Hurt</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.:

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> A piece of wood at the lower end of a platform,

designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from injuring the

parapet.</def>



<hw>Hurt"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

impair or damage; injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or

injury; <as>as, <ex>hurtful</ex> words or conduct</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial;

detrimental; disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious;

unwholesome; destructive.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hurt"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hurt"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hur"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hurtled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hurtling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hurtlen</ets>, freq. of

<ets>hurten</ets>. See <er>Hurt</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Hurl</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To meet with violence or

shock; to clash; to jostle.</def>



<q>Together <qex>hurtled</qex> both their steeds.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or

with violence; to whirl round rapidly; to skirmish.</def>



<q>Now <qex>hurtling</qex> round, advantage for to take.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Down the <qex>hurtling</qex> cataract of the ages.</q>

<qau>R. L. Stevenson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a threatening sound, like the clash of

arms; to make a sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to

resound.</def>



<q>The noise of battle <qex>hurtled</qex> in the air.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The earthquake sound

<qex>Hurtling</qex> 'death the solid ground.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Hur"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to

brandish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His harmful club he gan to <qex>hurtle</qex> high.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To push; to jostle; to hurl.</def>



<q>And he <qex>hurtleth</qex> with his horse adown.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Hur"tle*ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Huckleberry</er>, <er>Whortleberry</er>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Whortleberry</er>.</def>



<hw>Hurt"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Doing no

injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without injury or harm.</def>



<q>Gentle dame so <qex>hurtless</qex> and so true.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hurt"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Hurt"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hus"band</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hosebonde</ets>, <ets>husbonde</ets>, a husband, the master

of the house or family, AS. <ets>h<?/sbonda</ets> master of the

house; <ets>h<?/s</ets> house + <ets>bunda</ets>,

<ets>bonda</ets>, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel.

<ets>h<?/sb\'d3ndi</ets> house master, husband; <ets>h<?/s</ets>

house + <ets>b<?/andi</ets> dwelling, inhabiting, p.pr. of

<ets>b<?/a</ets> to dwell; akin to AS. <ets>b<?/an</ets>, Goth.

<ets>bauan</ets>. See <er>House Be</er>, and cf. <er>Bond</er> a

slave, <er>Boor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The male head of a

household; one who orders the economy of a family.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The painful <qex>husband</qex>, plowing up his ground.</q>

<qau>Hakewill.</qau>



<q>He is the neatest <qex>husband</qex> for curious ordering his

domestic and field accommodations.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who manages or directs with prudence and

economy; a frugal person; an economist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good

<qex>husband</qex>, to improve the short remnant left me.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the

correlative to <xex>wife</xex>.</def>



<q>The <qex>husband</qex> and wife are one person in law.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The male of a pair of animals.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>A ship's husband</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an agent

representing the owners of a ship, who manages its expenses and

receipts.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hus"band</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Husbanded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Husbanding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To direct and

manage with frugality; to use or employ to good purpose and the

best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy.</def>



<q>For my means, I'll <qex>husband</qex> them so well,

They shall go far.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cultivate, as land; to till.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Land so trim and rarely <qex>husbanded</qex>.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish with a husband.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hus"band*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being husbanded, or managed with economy.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Hus"band*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The commission or compensation allowed to

a ship's husband.</def>



<hw>Hus"band*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of a

husband.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hus"band*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Frugal; thrifty.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Hus"band*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Husbandmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

master of a family.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the

ground.</def>



<hw>Hus"band*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic management;

thrift.</def>



<q>There's <qex>husbandry</qex> in heaven;

Their candles are all out.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The business of a husbandman, comprehending the

various branches of agriculture; farming.</def>



<q><qex>Husbandry</qex> supplieth all things necessary for

food.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Hush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hushed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hushing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>huschen</ets>, <ets>hussen</ets>, prob. of

imitative origin; cf. LG. <ets>hussen</ets> to lull to sleep, G.

<ets>husch</ets> quick, make haste, be silent.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the

noise or clamor of.</def>



<q>My tongue shall <qex>hush</qex> again this storm of war.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe.</def>



<q>With thou, then,

<qex>Hush</qex> my cares?</q>

<qau>Otway.</qau>



<q>And <qex>hush'd</qex> my deepest grief of all.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>To hush up</col>, <cd>to procure silence concerning; to

suppress; to keep secret. \'bdThis matter is <xex>hushed

up<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Hush</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become or to keep still

or quiet; to become silent; -- esp. used in the imperative, as an

exclamation; be still; be silent or quiet; make no noise.</def>



<q><qex>Hush</qex>, idle words, and thoughts of ill.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<q>But all these strangers' presence every one did

<qex>hush</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Hush</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stillness; silence;

quiet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdIt is the <xex>hush</xex> of

night.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<cs><col>Hush money</col>, <cd>money paid to secure silence, or

to prevent the disclosure of facts.</cd></cs>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hush</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Silent; quiet.</def>

\'bd<xex>Hush</xex> as death.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hush"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An usher.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hush"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The

process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by a

heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; -- also

called <xex>booming</xex>.</def>



<hw>Husk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. for

<ets>hulsk</ets>, and from the same root as <ets>hull</ets> a

husk. See <er>Hull</er> a husk.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

external covering or envelope of certain fruits or seeds; glume;

hull; rind; in the United States, especially applied to the

covering of the ears of maize.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The supporting frame of a run of

millstones.</def>



<cs><col>Husks of the prodigal son</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the pods of the carob tree. See <er>Carob</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Husk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Husked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Husking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strip off the external

covering or envelope of; <as>as, to <ex>husk</ex> Indian

corn</as>.</def>



<hw>Husked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Covered with a husk.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stripped of husks; deprived of husks.</def>



<hw>Hus"ki*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Husky</er>.]</ety> <def>In a husky manner; dryly.</def>



<hw>Hus"ki*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

being husky.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness;

<as>as, <ex>huskiness</ex> of voice</as>.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<-- p. 715 -->



<hw>Husk"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of stripping off husks, as from Indian

corn.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in

husking maize; -- called also</def> <xex>husking bee</xex>.

<mark>[U.S.]</mark> \'bdA red ear in the <xex>husking</xex>.\'b8



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Husk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Husk</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Abounding with husks;

consisting of husks.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hus"ky</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Prob. for

<ets>husty</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>host</ets> cough, AS.

<ets>hw\'d3sta</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoest</ets>, G.

<ets>husten</ets>, OHG. <ets>huosto</ets>, Icel.

<ets>h\'d3sti</ets>. See <er>Wheeze</er>.]</ety> <def>Rough in

tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; <as>as, a <ex>husky</ex>

voice</as>.</def>



<hw>Hu"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. G.

<ets>hausen</ets>, and E. <ets>isin</ets><?/glass.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large European sturgeon

(<spn>Acipenser huso</spn>), inhabiting the region of the Black

and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more than

twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also

<altname>hausen</altname>.</def><-- = the beluga, source of the

best caviar --> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The huchen, a large

salmon.</def>



<hw>Hus*sar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hung.

<ets>husz\'a0r</ets>, from <ets>husz</ets> twenty, because under

King Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses

were to furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. <ets>husar</ets>, F.

<ets>houssard</ets>, <ets>hussard</ets>, from the same

source.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Originally, one of the

national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light

cavalry of European armies.</def>



<hw>Huss"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of John <xex>Huss</xex>, the

Bohemian reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in

1415.</def>



<hw>Hus"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr.

<ets>huswife</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A housewife or

housekeeper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a

jade; -- used as a term of contempt or reproach.</def>



<au>Grew.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young

woman; -- used jocosely.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Hus"sy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Icel. <ets>h<?/si</ets>

a case, prob. fr. <ets>h<?/s</ets> house. See <er>House</er>, and

cf. <er>Housewife</er> a bag, <er>Huswife</er> a bag.]</ety>

<def>A case or bag. See <er>Housewife</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Hus"tings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>husting</ets> an assembly, coucil, AS. <ets>h<?/sting</ets>;

of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>h<?/s<?/ing</ets>;

<ets>h<?/s</ets> home + <ets><?/ing</ets> thing, assembly,

meeting; akin to Dan. & Sw. <ets>ting</ets>, E. <ets>thing</ets>.

See <er>House</er>, and <er>Thing</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a

court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and

sheriffs, to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery

of lands within the city. In the progress of law reform this

court has become unimportant.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any one of the temporary courts held for the

election of members of the British Parliament.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The platform on which candidates for Parliament

formerly stood in addressing the electors.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>When the rotten <qex>hustings</qex> shake

In another month to his brazen lies.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Hus"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hustled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hustling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>hustelen</ets> to shake,

fr. <ets>husten</ets> to shake. Cf. <er>Hotchpotch</er>.]</ety>

<def>To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd

rudely; to handle roughly; <as>as, to <ex>hustle</ex> a person

out of a room</as>.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Hus"tle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To push or crows; to

force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a

hurry.</def>



<q>Leaving the king, who had <qex>hustled</qex> along the floor

with his dress worfully arrayed.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Hus"wife</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>huswif</ets>; <ets>hus</ets> house + <ets>wif</ets> wife.

Cf. <er>Hussy</er> a housewife, <er>Housewife</er>.]</ety>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>housewife</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs;

a thirfty woman.</def> \'bdThe bounteous <xex>huswife</xex>

Nature.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The <qex>huswife</qex> is she that do labor doth fall.</q>

<qau>Tusser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A worthless woman; a hussy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Hussy</er> a bag.]</ety> <def>A case

for sewing materials. See <er>Housewife</er>.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Hus"wife</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To manage with

frugality; -- said of a woman.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hus"wife*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a huswife; capable;

economical; prudent.</def> -- <def2><pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

huswifely manner.</def></def2>



<hw>Hus"wife*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skill.</def>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Hut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hotte</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hut</ets>, G.

<ets>h\'81tte</ets>, OHG. <ets>hutta</ets>, Dan.

<ets>hytte</ets>, Sw. <ets>hydda</ets>; and F. <ets>hutte</ets>,

of G. origin; all akin to E. <ets>hide</ets> to conceal. See

<er>Hude</er> to conceal.]</ety> <def>A small house, hivel, or

cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary

structure.</def>



<q>Death comes on with equal footsteps

To the hall and <qex>hut</qex></q>.

<qau>Bp. Coxe.</qau>



<hw>Hutch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hutted</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hutting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

place in huts; to live in huts; <as>as, to <ex>hut</ex> troops in

winter quarters</as>.</def>



<q>The troops <qex>hutted</qex> among the heights of

Morristown.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Hutch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hucche</ets>, <ets>huche</ets>, <ets>hoche</ets>, F.

<ets>huche</ets>, LL. <ets>hutica</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which

things may be stored, or animals kept; <as>as, a grain

<ex>hutch</ex>; a rabbit <ex>hutch</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A measure of two Winchester bushels.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The case of a flour

bolt.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A car on low

wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and hoisted out of the

pit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A jig for washing ore.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Bolting hutch</col>, <col>Booby

hutch</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bolting</er>,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hutch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hutched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hutching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

hoard or lay up, in a chest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdShe

<xex>hutched</xex> the . . . ore.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To wash (ore) in a box or

jig.</def>



<hw>Hutch`un*so"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

follower of John <xex>Hutchinson</xex> of Yorkshire, England, who

believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete system

of natural science and of theology.</def>



<hw>Hut*to"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to what is now called the <xex>Plutonic</xex> theory of the

earth, first advanced by Dr. James <xex>Hutton</xex>.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<hw>Hux"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Huckster</er>.</def>



<hw>Huy*ghe"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian

<xex>Huyghens</xex>, a Dutch astronomer of the seventeenth

century; <as>as, the <ex>Huyghenian</ex> telescope</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Huyghenian eyepiece</col><cd>See under

<er>Eyepiece</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Huzz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[An

onomatop\'d2a. <root/43. Cf. <er>Buzz</er>.]</ety> <def>To buzz;

to murmur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Huz*za"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>hussa</ets>, <ets>husa</ets>, interj., hurrah, huzza.

<root/43. Cf. <er>Hurrah</er>.]</ety> <def>A word used as a shout

of joy, exultation, approbation, or encouragement.</def>



<hw>Huz"za</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shout of <xex>huzza</xex>;

a cheer; a hurrah.</def>



<q>They made a great <qex>huzza</qex> or shout.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Huz*za"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Huzzaed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Huzzaing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shout huzza; to

cheer.</def>



<hw>Huz*za"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To receive or attend with

huzzas.</def>



<q>He was <qex>huzzaed</qex> into the court.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Hy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>High.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hy"a*cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

hyacinth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Hy"a*cinth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hyacinthus</ets> a kind of flower, prob. the iris,

gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire;

as, a proper name, <ets>Hyacinthus</ets>, a beautiful Laconian

youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/: cf. F.

<ets>hyacinthe</ets>. Cf. <er>Jacinth</er>. The hyacinth was

fabled to have sprung from the blood of <ets>Hyacinthus</ets>,

who was accidentally slain by Apollo.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bulbous plant of the genus

<spn>Hyacinthus</spn>, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant

flowers. <spn>H. orientalis</spn> is a common variety.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Camassia</spn>

(<spn>C. Farseri</spn>), called also <altname>Eastern

camass</altname>; wild hyacinth.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The name

also given to <spn>Scilla Peruviana</spn>, a Mediterranean plant,

one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers;

-- called also, from a mistake as to its origin,

<altname>Hyacinth of Peru</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A red variety of zircon,

sometimes used as a gem. See <er>Zircon</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Hyacinth bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing

leguminous plant (<spn>Dolichos Lablab</spn>), related to the

true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`a*cin"thi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hyacinthine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`a*cin"thine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hyacinthinus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the

hyacinth; resemblingthe hyacinth; in color like the

hyacinth.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>His curling locks like <qex>hyacinthine</qex> flowers.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>The <qex>hyacinthine</qex> boy, for whom

Morn well might break and April bloom.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy"a*des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hy"ads</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hyades</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A

cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus,

supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather

when they rose with the sun.</def>



<q>Thro' scudding drifts the rainy <qex>Hyaned</qex>

Vext the dim sea.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Hy*\'91"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hyena</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy*a"le*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ glassy, fr. <?/ glass.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A pteroid of the genus <spn>Cavolina</spn>. See

<er>Pteropoda</er>, and <xex>Illustration</xex> in

Appendix.</def>



<hw>Hy`a*les"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hyaline</er>.]</ety> <def>The process of becoming, or the

state of being, transparent like glass.</def>



<hw>Hy"a*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hyalinus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ glass: cf. F.

<ets>hyalin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Glassy; resembling glass;

consisting of glass; transparent, like crystal.</def>

\'bd<xex>Hyaline</xex> spaces.\'b8



<au>Carpenter.</au>



<hw>Hy"a*line</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A poetic term

for the sea or the atmosphere.</def> \'bdThe clear

<xex>hyaline</xex>, the glassy sea.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm <qex>hyaline</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The pellucid substance,

present in cells in process of development, from which, according

to some embryologists, the cell nucleous originates.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The main constituent

of the walls of hydatid cysts; a nitrogenous body, which, by

decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate sugar, susceptible of

alcoholic fermentation.</def>



<au>Gamgee.</au>



<hw>Hy"a*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glass: cf. F. <ets>hyalite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum

or resin; -- called also <altname>M\'81ller's

glass</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hy*al"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glass + <ets>graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for tracing

designs on glass.</def>



<hw>Hy`a*log"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Art of

writing or engraving on glass.</def>



<hw>Hy"a*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glassy, transparent; <?/ glass + <?/ appearance: cf. F.

<ets>hyalo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling

glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; <as>as, the

<ex>hyaloid</ex> membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the

vitreous humor of the eye</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`a*lo*ne"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ glass + <?/ a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem

composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres

twisted together like the strands of a color. The stem of the

Japanese species (<spn>H. Sieboldii</spn>), called

<stype>glass-rope</stype>, has long been in use as an ornament.

See <er>Glass-rope</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy*al"o*phane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glass + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A species of

the feldspar group containing barium. See

<er>Feldspar</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ glass + <?/ a sponge.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of vitreous sponges, having

glassy six-rayed, siliceous spicules; -- called also

<altname><spn>Hexactinellin\'91</spn></altname>.</def>



<hw>Hy*al"o*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glass + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A photographic picture

copied from the negative on glass; a photographic

transparency.</def>



<au>R. Hunt.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy*ber"na*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hy"ber*nate</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hy`ber*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>.

}</mhw><def>See <er>Hibernacle</er>, <er>Hibernate</er>,

<er>Hibernation</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy*bl\'91"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hyblaeus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient

town of Sicily, famous for its bees.</def>



<hw>Hyb"o*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hump + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks

(<spn>Hybodus</spn>), especially in the form of the teeth, which

consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral

ones.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hyb"o*dus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Hybodont</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct

genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth.</def>



<hw>Hy"brid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hybrida</ets>, <ets>hibrida</ets>, prob. allied to Gr. <?/

wantonness (as if unbridled, lawless, unnatural), perh. akin to

Gr. <?/ over, E. <ets>over</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hybride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The offspring

of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced

from the mixture of two species. See <er>Mongrel</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy"brid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Produced from the mixture of

two species; <as>as, plants of <ex>hybrid</ex> nature</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy"brid*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being hybrid.</def>



<hw>Hy"brid*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hybridizes.</def>



<hw>Hy*brid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hybridism.</def>



<hw>Hy"brid*i`za*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a

hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with

another species or stock.</def>



<q><qex>Hybridizable</qex> genera are rarer than is generally

supposed, even in gardens where they are so often operated upon,

under circumstances most favorable to the production of

hybrids.</q>

<qau>J. D. Hooker.</qau>



<hw>Hy`brid*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.</def>



<hw>Hy"brid*i`ze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hybridized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hybridizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To render hybrid; to produce by

mixture of stocks.</def>



<hw>Hy"brid*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hybridizes.</def>



<hw>Hy"brid*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hybrid</er>.</def>



<hw>Hyd"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>A land tax. See <er>Hidage</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dan*to"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from,

hydantoin. See <er>Glycoluric</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy*dan"to*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyd</ets>rogen + all<ets>antion</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A derivative of urea,

<chform>C3H4N2O2</chform>, obtained from allantion, as a white,

crystalline substance, with a sweetish taste; -- called also

<altname>glycolyl urea</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hy"da*tid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, a watery vesicle under the upper eyelid, fr.

<grk>"y`dwr</grk>, <grk>"y`datos</grk>, water: cf. F.

<ets>hydatide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in

various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the

tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval

tapeworms, as Echinococcus and C\'d2nurus. See these words in the

Vocabulary.</def>



<cs><col>Hydatid of Morgagni</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of

the small pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the

head of the epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the

M\'81llerian duct.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy*dat"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydatid</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Resembling a hydatid.</def>



<hw>Hy"da*toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"y`dwr</grk>, <grk>"y`datos</grk>, water +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling water;

watery; aqueous; hyaloid.</def>



<hw>Hy"dr-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>. See under

<er>Hydro-</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy"dra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Hydras</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Hydr\'91</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>hydra</ets>, Gr.

<grk>"y`dra</grk>; akin to <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water. See

<er>Otter</er> the animal, <er>Water</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A serpent or monster in the lake

or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus, represented as having

many heads, one of which, when cut off, was immediately succeeded

by two others, unless the wound was cauterized. It was slain by

Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster.</def>



<q>Gorgons, and <qex>Hydras</qex>, and Chimeras dire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having

many sources; not to be overcome by a single effort.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small fresh-water

hydroid of the genus <spn>Hydra</spn>, usually found attached to

sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker.</def>



<note><hand/ The body is a simple tube, having a mouth at one

extremity, surrounded by a circle of tentacles with which it

captures its prey. Young hydras bud out from the sides of the

older ones, but soon become detached and are then like their

parent. Hydras are remarkable for their power of repairing

injuries; for if the body be divided in pieces, each piece will

grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the name alludes. The

zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are sometimes called

<xex>hydras</xex>.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A southern constellation of

great length lying southerly from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.</def>



<hw>Hy*drach"nid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + ar<ets>achnid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic mite of the genus

<spn>Hydrachna</spn>. The hydrachids, while young, are parasitic

on fresh-water mussels.</def>



<hw>Hy*drac"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydracide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid

containing hydrogen; -- sometimes applied to distinguish acids

like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no

oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See

<er>Acid</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dra*cryl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>acrylic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an

isomeric variety of lastic acid that breaks down into acrylic

acid and water.</def>



<hw>Hy`drac*tin"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hydra</er>, and <er>Actinia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species or marine hydroids, of the

genus <spn>Hydractinia</spn> and allied genera. These hydroids

form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells

and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs.

See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Athecata</er>.</def>



<-- p. 716 -->



<hw>\'d8Hy*dr\'91"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ blood.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abnormally watery state of the blood;

an\'91mia.</def>



<hw>Hy"dra*gogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hydragogus</ets> conveying off water, Gr. <?/;

<grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ to lead: cf. F.

<ets>hydragogue</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Causing a

discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the

body, as in dropsy.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A

hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or

diuretic.</def></def2>



<hw>Hy*dram"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + -<ets>amide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a group of crystalline bodies

produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.</def>



<hw>Hy*dram"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydr</ets>oxyl + <ets>amine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of artificial, organic

bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of

ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of

alcohol and amines.</def>



<hw>Hy*dran"ge*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ vessel, capsule: cf. F.

<ets>hydrang\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy

flowers, white, or of various colors. <spn>H. hortensis</spn>,

the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.</def>



<hw>Hy"drant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to

irrigate, fr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water. See <er>Hydra</er>.]</ety>

<def>A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may

be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.</def>



<hw>Hy"dranth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ a flower.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the nutritive zooids of a

hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or manubrium of a

hydroid medusa. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydrarg</ets>yrum + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of the bichloride of mercury

with another chloride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hy*drar"gy*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with,

mercury.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy*drar"gy*rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition produced by poisoning

with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.</def>



<hw>Hy*drar"gy*rum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>hydrargyrus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ water + <?/

silver.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Quicksilver;

mercury.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`drar*thro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hydro-</er>, 1, and <er>Arthrosis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An effusion of watery liquid into the

cavity of a joint.</def>



<hw>Hy*dras"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of

the golden seal (<spn>Hydrastis Canadensis</spn>), and extracted

as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic

and febrifuge.</def>



<hw>Hy"dra-taint`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dipped

in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Hy"drate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"y`dwr</grk> water: cf. F. <ets>hydrate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A compound formed by the

union of water with some other substance, generally forming a

neutral body, as certain crystallized salts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A substance which does not contain water as such, but has

its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that

water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound

with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; <as>as, ethyl <ex>hydrate</ex>, or

common alcohol; calcium <ex>hydrate</ex>, or slaked

lime.</as></def>



<hw>Hy"drate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hydrated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hydrating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To form into a hydrate; to

combine with water.</def>



<hw>Hy"dra*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed into

a hydrate; combined with water.</def>



<hw>Hy*dra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act of becoming, or state of being, a

hydrate.</def>



<cs><col>Water of hydration</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>water

chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; --

distinguished from <xex>water of crystallization<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy*drau"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hydraulique</ets>, L. <ets>hydraulicus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/,

<?/, a water organ; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ flute, pipe.

See <er>Hydra</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hydraulics,

or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; <as>as,

an <ex>hydraulic</ex> clock, crane, or dock</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hydraulic accumulator</col>, <cd>an accumulator for

hydraulic machinery of any kind. See <er>Accumulator</er>,

2.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic brake</col>, <cd>a cataract. See

<er>Cataract</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic cement</col>, <cd>a

cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under

water.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic elevator</col>, <cd>a lift operated

by the weight or pressure of water.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic

jack</col>. <cd>See under <er>Jack</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic

lime</col>, <cd>quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and

used for cementing under water, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic

limestone</col>, <cd>a limestone which contains some clay, and

which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong

mass, under water.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic main</col> <fld>(Gas

Works)</fld>, <cd>a horizontal pipe containing water at the

bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for

passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia.</cd> --

<col>Hydraulic mining</col>, <cd>a system of mining in which the

force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of

gold-bearing gravel or earth.</cd> <mark>[Pacific Coast]</mark>

-- <col>Hydraulic press</col></mcol>, <cd>a hydrostatic press.

See under <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic

propeller</col>, <cd>a device for propelling ships by means of a

stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship.</cd>

-- <col>Hydraulic ram</col>, <cd>a machine for raising water by

means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to

be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe

<figref>d</figref> shuts the valve at <figref>a</figref>, the

momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it

into the air chamber <figref>b</figref>, and up the pipe

<figref>c</figref>, its return being prevented by a valve at the

entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve

<figref>a</figref> by its own weight allows another rush through

the main pipe, and so on alternately.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic

valve</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A valve for

regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of

hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Gas

Works)</fld> <cd>An inverted cup with a partition dipping into

water, for opening or closing communication between two gas

mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy*drau"lic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hydraulic.</def>



<hw>Hy*drau"li*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Hydraulic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An ancient

musical instrument played by the action of water; a water

organ.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hydraulis</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hy*drau"lics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hydraulique</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of science, or of

engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of

water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery

for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the

like.</def>



<note><hand/ As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or

the principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as

a branch of engineering, it consists in the practical application

of the mechanics of fluids to the control and management of water

with reference to the wants of man, including canals, waterworks,

hydraulic machines, pumps, water wheels, etc. Some writers treat

hydraulics and hydrostatics as subdivisions of

hydrodynamics.</note>



<hw>Hy"dra*zine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>azo-</ets> +

-<ets>ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a

series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced

by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; <as>as,

methyl <ex>hydrazine</ex>, phenyl <ex>hydrazine</ex>, etc.</as> 

They are derivatives of hydrazine proper,

<chform>H2N.NH2</chform>, which is a doubled amido group,

recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a

peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts.

Called also <altname>diamide</altname>,

<altname>amidogen</altname>, (or more properly

<altname>diamidogen</altname>), etc.</def>



<hw>Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydrencephal</ets>us + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrocephaloid</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy"dri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A water jar; esp.,

one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles.

Some of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form.</def>



<hw>Hy"dri*ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, of the water, fr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water.]</ety>

<fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A water nymph.</def>



<hw>Hy"dric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hydrogen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,

or containing, hydrogen; <as>as, <ex>hydric</ex>

oxide</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hydric dioxide</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See

<cref>Hydrogen dioxide</cref>, under <er>Hydrogen</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hydric oxide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>water.</cd> --

<col>Hydric sulphate</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>hydrogen

sulphate or sulphuric acid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy"dride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>ide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of the binary type, in which

hydrogen is united with some other element.</def><-- spec., with

a more electropositive element -->



<-- lithium hydride.  A hydride of lithium, LiH, commonly used as

a powerful reducing agent in organic chemistry -->



<hw>Hy"dri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydra</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form or structure of a

hydra.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy*dri"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hydra</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group

of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong.</def>



<hw>Hy*dri"o*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hydriodate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Hydriodide</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dri*od"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>iodic</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydriodique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid

produced by the combination of these elements.</def>



<cs><col>Hydriodic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a pungent,

colorless gas, <chform>HI</chform>, usually prepared as a

solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also

<altname>hydrogen iodine</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy*dri"o*dide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of hydriodic acid with a base;

-- distinguished from an <xex>iodide</xex>, in which only the

iodine combines with the base.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy"dro-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hy"dr-</hw>. }</mhw>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/, <?/, water (see

<er>Hydra</er>).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form of

<xex>hydrogen</xex>, indicating <xex>hydrogen as an

ingredient</xex>, <as>as <ex>hydro</ex>chloric; or a

<ex>reduction product obtained by hydrogen</ex>, as

<ex>hydro</ex>quinone.</as></def>



<hw>Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>barometer</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its

pressure.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>bilirubin</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A body formed from bilirubin,

identical with urobilin.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ gills.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive artificial division of

gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as

contrasted with the Pulmonifera.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hy`dro*bro"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrobromide</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*bro"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>bromic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Composed of hydrogen and bromine; <as>as,

<ex>hydrobromic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hydrobromic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, <chform>HBr</chform>, usually

collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric acid,

but is weaker and less stable. Called also <altname>hydrogen

bromide</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`dro*bro"mide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of hydrobromic acid with a

base; -- distinguished from a <xex>bromide</xex>, in which only

the bromine unites with the base.</def><-- analogous to

hydrochloride or hydriodide -->



<hw>Hy`dro*car"bon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>carbon</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound containing only hydrogen and

carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of

their derivatives.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Hydrocarbon burner</col>, <col>furnace</col>,

<col>stove</col></mcol>, <cd>a burner, furnace, or stove with

which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*car"bon*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

hydrous carbonate, as malachite.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>carbostyril</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous

hydrocarbon, <chform>C9H9NO</chform>, obtained from certain

derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and

carbostyril.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*car"bu*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>carburet</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Carbureted hydrogen; also, a

hydrocarbon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`dro*cau"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hydrocauli</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ a stalk.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hollow stem of a hydroid, either

simple or branched. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Gymnoblastea</er> and <er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ tumor.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A collection of serous fluid in the

areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in

the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord;

dropsy of the testicle.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of

the brain.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydrocephalus</ets> + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling hydrocephalus.</def>



<cs><col>Hydrocephaloid affection</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,

<cd>the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in

young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or

tubercular meningitis.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having hydrocephalus.</def> \'bd<xex>Hydrocephalous</xex>

offspring.\'b8



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ hydrocephalus; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/

head.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An accumulation of liquid

within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the

ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually

to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often

enlarges the head enormously.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*chlo"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrochloride</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*chlo"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>hloric</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydrochlorique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas;

<as>as, <ex>hydrochloric</ex> acid</as>; chlorhydric.</def>



<cs><col>Hydrochloric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>hydrogen

chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, <chform>HCl</chform>, of

pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the

soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It

has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a

strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is

an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work.

Called also <altname>muriatic, <and/ chlorhydric,

acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`dro*chlo"ride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of hydrochloric acid with a

base; -- distinguished from a <xex>chloride</xex>, where only

chlorine unites with the base.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hydra</er>, and <er>Coral</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Hydroidea, including

those genera that secrete a stony coral, as <xex>Millepora</xex>

and <xex>Stylaster</xex>. Two forms of zooids in life project

from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other

hydroids. See <er>Millepora</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*cy"a*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hydrocyanide</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*cy*an"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>anic</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydrocyanique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen

and cyanogen.</def>



<cs><col>Hydrocyanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, <chform>HCN</chform>, having

a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly

poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow

prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically

resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also

<altname>prussic acid</altname>, <altname>hydrogen

cyanide</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`dro*cy"a*nide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a

base; -- distinguished from a <xex>cyanide</xex>, in which only

the cyanogen so combines.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>dynamic</ets>,

-<ets>ical</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydrodynamique</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of

water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power.</def>



<cs><col>Hydrodynamic friction</col>, <cd>friction produced by

the viscosity of a liquid in motion.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>dynamics</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydrodynamique</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of the science

of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited,

which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic

fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation

and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water

and other fluids.</def>



<note><hand/ The word is sometimes used as a general term,

including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with

pneumatics and acoustics. See <er>Hydraulics</er>.</note>



<hw>Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>dynamometer</ets>.]</ety>

<def>An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by

the force of its impact.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro-e*lec"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>electric</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of

electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is

used.</def>



<cs><col>Hydro-electric machine</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>,

<cd>an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for

generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from

a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the

steam is produced.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`dro-ex*tract"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>extractor</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by

centrifugal force; a centrifugal.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>ferricyanic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained

from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; <as>as,

<ex>hydroferricyanic</ex> acid</as>. See

<er>Ferricyanic</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>ferrocyanic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained

from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; <as>as,

<ex>hydroferrocyanic</ex> acid</as>. See

<er>Ferrocyanic</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*flu"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid

and a base; a fluoride.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Hy`dro*flu*or"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>fluoric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen

and fluorine; fluohydric; <as>as, <ex>hydrofluoric</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hydrofluoric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, <chform>HF</chform>, very

corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent,

suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid

on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It

attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent

employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of

platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 717 -->



<hw>Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a

silicofluoride. See <er>Silicofluoride</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>fluo</ets>rine +

<ets>silicic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,

or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of

hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See

<er>Silicofluoric</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*gal*van"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>galvanic</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity

evolved by the action or use of fluids; <as>as,

<ex>hydrogalvanic</ex> currents</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy"dro*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydrog\'8ane</ets>. So called because water is generated by

its combustion. See</pos> <er>Hydra</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless,

and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a

half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons),

and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very

abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other

substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It

may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the

action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It

is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water

gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights,

and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic

weight 1.</def><-- At. wt. = 1.008 using carbon as 12.000 -->



<note><hand/ Although a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to

the metals in its nature, having the properties of a weak base. 

It is, in all acids, the base which is replaced by metals and

basic radicals to form salts.  Like all other gases, it is

condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid which freezes

and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in large

quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like

compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is

sometimes called <altname>hydrogenium</altname>. It is the

typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen,

chlorine, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Bicarbureted hydrogen</col>, <cd>an old name for

ethylene.</cd> -- <col>Carbureted hydrogen gas</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Carbureted</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydrogen dioxide</col>,

<cd>a thick, colorless liquid, <chform>H2O2</chform>, resembling

water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of

acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen,

and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and

bleaching agent. Called also <altname>oxygenated

water</altname>.<-- usually "hydrogen peroxide", or "peroxide" in

weak solutions used as an antiseptic--></cd> -- <col>Hydrogen

oxide</col>, <cd>a chemical name for water, H<?/O.</cd> --

<col>Hydrogen sulphide</col>, <cd>a colorless inflammable gas,

<chform>H2S</chform>, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs,

and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action

of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical

reagent. Called also <altname>sulphureted

hydrogen</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy"dro*gen*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hydrogenated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hydrogenating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To

hydrogenize.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*gen*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act of combining with hydrogen, or

the state of being so combined.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*gen*ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound containing hydrogen; a

hydride. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Hydride</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*ge"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hydrogen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hydrogen;

-- called also in view of its supposed metallic nature.</def>



<au>Graham.</au>



<hw>Hy"dro*gen*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hydrogenized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hydrogenizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine

with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of,

hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with <xex>oxidize</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hy*drog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.</def>



<hw>Hy*drog"no*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ knowledge.]</ety> <def>A

treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the

earth.</def>



<hw>Hy"drog*ode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydrog</ets>en + Gr. <?/ way. path.]</ety>

<fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The negative pole or cathode.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy*drog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or

charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent

shores; one who describes the sea or other waters.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`dro*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`dro*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or relating to hydrography.</def>



<hw>Hy*drog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + -<ets>graphy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydrographie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The art of

measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other

waters, with their phenomena.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That branch of surveying which embraces the

determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other

sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels

and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these

particulars.</def>



<hw>Hy*drog"u*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hydrogen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

hydride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hy"droid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydra</ets> + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Related to, or resembling, the hydra;

of or pertaining to the Hydroidea.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>One of the Hydroideas.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Hy*droi"de*a</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Hydra</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An extensive order of Hydrozoa or Acaleph\'91.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Hydroida</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming

hydromedus\'91, together with a great variety of marine attached

hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched

forms, consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths,

gonophores, etc.), united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a

colony are produced from one primary zooid, by successive

buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in this order

by some writers. See <er>Gymnoblastea</er>, <er>Hydromedusa</er>,

<er>Gonosome</er>, <er>Gonotheca</er>.</note>



<hw>Hy`dro*ki*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>kinetic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which

produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to

<xex>hydrostatic</xex>.</def>



<au>Sir W. Thomson.</au>



<hw>Hy`dro*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to hydrology.</def>



<hw>Hy*drol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

skilled in hydrology.</def>



<hw>Hy*drol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydrologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of water, its

properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's

surface.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*lyt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ to loose.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Tending to remove or separate water;

eliminating water.</def>



<q><qex>Hydrolytic</qex> agents, such as sulphuric acid or

caustic alkali.</q>

<qau>Encyc. Brit.</qau>



<cs><col>Hydrolitic ferment</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in

the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon

to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin

of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch

by hydration into dextrin and sugar.  Nearly all of the digestive

ferments are hydrolytic in their action.</cd></cs><-- = hydrolase

(after 1910) -->



<hw>Hy`dro*mag"ne*site</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>magnesite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring

in white, early, amorphous masses.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydromancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of water,

-- practiced by the ancients.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*man"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hydromantique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

divination by water.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*me*chan"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>mechanics</ets>.]</ety>

<def>That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of

liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*me*du"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Hydromedus\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hydra</er>, and <er>Medusa</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any medusa or jellyfish which is

produced by budding from a hydroid. They are called also

<altname>Craspedota</altname>, and <altname>naked-eyed

medus\'91</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ Such medus\'91 are the reproductive zooids or

gonophores, either male or female, of the hydroid from which they

arise, whether they become free or remain attached to the hydroid

colony. They in turn produce the eggs from which the hydroids are

developed. The name is also applied to other similar medus\'91

which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony, and even to

some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but which

in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids.

See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <er>Gymnoblastea</er>.</note>



<hw>Hy"dro*mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hydromel</ets>, <ets>hydromeli</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ water +

<?/ honey: cf. F. <ets>hydromel</ets>.]</ety> <def>A liquor

consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation

called <xex>mead</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cyamellone</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of

liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>metallurgy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of

liquid reagents.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*me"te*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>meteor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of

water; -- in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, a general term for the whole

aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail,

etc.</def>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<hw>Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds,

storms, etc.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>meteorology</ets>.]</ety>

<def>That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of,

water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow,

hail, storms, etc.</def>



<hw>Hy*drom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydrom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld>

<def>An instrument for determining the specific gravities of

liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline

solutions, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem,

and indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to

which it sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to

which it sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to

adapt the scale to liquids of different densities.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument, variously constructed, used for

measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from

reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according

to its construction or use, as <altname>tachometer</altname>,

<altname>rheometer</altname>, <altname>hydrometer</altname>,

<altname>pendulum</altname>, etc.; a current gauge.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`dro*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`dro*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hydrom\'8atrique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination

of the specific gravity of fluids.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity,

discharge, etc., of running water.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Made by means of an hydrometer; <as>as,

<ex>hydrometric</ex> observations</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hydrometric pendulum</col>, <cd>a species of hydrometer

consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a

treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a

stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination

given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`dro*met"ro*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ measure +

-<ets>graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining and

recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice,

etc., in a given time.</def>



<hw>Hy*drom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hydrom\'8atrique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The art of

determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the

strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art or operation of measuring the velocity

or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*mi"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>mica</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of potash mica containing water.

It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.</def>



<cs><col>Hydromica schist</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a mica

schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a

silky luster and almost soapy feel.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ a kidney.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of

the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary

passages.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*path</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hydropathe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hydropathist.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`dro*path"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`dro*path"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to hydropathy.</def>



<hw>Hy*drop"a*thist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.</def>



<hw>Hy*drop"a*thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety>

<def>The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious

and frequent use of pure water, both internally and

externally.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hydro-</er>, and <er>Peritoneum</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ascites</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*phane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ to show, appear: cf. F.

<ets>hydrophane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or

transparent on immersion in water.</def>



<hw>Hy*droph"a*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Made transparent by immersion in

water.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*phid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ a small serpent.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any sea snake of the genus

<spn>Hydrophys</spn> and allied genera. These snakes are

venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for

swimming.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*phlo"rone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>phlorone</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline benzene derivative,

<chform>C8H10O2</chform>, obtained by the reduction of

phlorone.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*pho"bi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ fear: cf. F.

<ets>hydrophobie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine

madness; hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The disease caused by a

bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature,

of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and

construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition,

and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing

convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is

disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies;

canine madness.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hydrophoby</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hy`dro*phob"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hydrophobicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>hydrophobique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; <as>as,

<ex>hydrophobic</ex> symptoms; the <ex>hydrophobic</ex>

poison.</as></def>



<hw>Hy"dro*pho`by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hydrophobia</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy*droph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Hydroidea.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <def>An instrument

used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any

desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*phyl"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. L. <plw>Hydrophyllia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E.

<plw>Hydrophylliums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ a leaf.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the flat, leaflike, protective

zooids, covering other zooids of certain Siphonophora.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*phyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<?/ plant: cf. F. <ets>hydrophyte</ets>.]</ety> <def>An aquatic

plant; an alga.</def>



<hw>Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets> + <ets>phyte</ets> +

-<ets>logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of botany which treats

of water plants.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy*drop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hy*drop"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hydropicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hydropique</ets>. See

<er>Dropsy</er>.]</ety> <def>Dropsical, or resembling

dropsy.</def>



<q>Every lust is a kind of <qex>hydropic</qex> distemper, and the

more we drink the more we shall thirst.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<hw>Hy*drop"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hydropical

manner.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy"dro*pi`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + L. <ets>piper</ets> a

pepper.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species (<spn>Polygonum

Hydropiper</spn>) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper;

smartweed.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>pneumatic</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hydropneumatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; <as>as,

<ex>hydropneumatic</ex> apparatus for collecting gases over water

or other liquids</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy"drop`sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Dropsy</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*pult</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ to hurl.]</ety> <def>A

machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a

fire extinguisher, etc.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*qui"none</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>quinone</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance,

<chform>C6H4(OH)2</chform>, obtained by the reduction of quinone.

It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with,

pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also <altname>dihydroxy

benzene</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*rhi"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

L. <plw>Hydrorhiz\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E.

<plw>Hydrorhizas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. E.

<ets>hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ a root.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is

attached to other objects. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under

<er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*salt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>salt</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A salt supposed to be formed

by a hydracid and a base.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An acid

salt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A hydrous salt; a

salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.</def>



<-- p. 718 -->



<hw>Hy"dro*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + -<ets>scope</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument designed to mark the presence of

water, especially in air.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of water clock, used anciently for

measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of

a graduated tube.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy"dro*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*so"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>hydrosoma</ets>. See <er>Hydra</er>, and

<er>-some</er> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>All the

zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive

and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*sor"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>sorbic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid

obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; <as>as,

<ex>hydrosorbic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*stat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam

boilers.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`dro*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`dro*stat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ causing to stand: cf. F.

<ets>hydrostatique.</ets> See <er>Static</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or

relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with,

the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.</def>



<q>The first discovery made in <qex>hydrostatics</qex> since the

time of Archimedes is due to Stevinus.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<cs><col>Hydrostatic balance</col>, <cd>a balance for weighing

substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their

specific gravities.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic bed</col>, <cd>a

water bed.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic bellows</col>, <cd>an

apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a

long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate

the hydrostatic paradox.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic paradox</col>,

<cd>the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water,

however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however

great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all

directions.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic press</col>, <cd>a machine

in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a

large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which

it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power

is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the

hydrostatic bellows. Also called <altname>hydraulic

press</altname>, and <altname>Bramah press</altname>. In the

illustration, <figref>a<figref> is a pump with a small plunger

<figref>b<figref>, which forces the water into the cylinder

<figref>c</figref>, thus driving upward the large plunder

<figref>d</figref>, which performs the reduced work, such as

compressing cotton bales, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According to

hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`dro*stat"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hydrostatique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The

branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium

of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of

statics applied to water and other liquids.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrosulphurent</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of compounds, derived

from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by

a base or basic radical; <as>as, potassium

<ex>hydrosulphide</ex>, <chform>KSH</chform></as>. The

hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the

mercaptans.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid

and a base.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrosulphide.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with hydrogen sulphide.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>sulphuric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen

and sulphur; <as>as, <ex>hydrosulphuric</ex>acid, a designation

applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid

obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See

<cref>Hyposulphurous acid</cref>, under

<er>Hyposulphurous</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of

hydrotelluric acid and the base.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>telluric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; <as>as,

<ex>hydrotelluric</ex> acid, or hydrogen telluride</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

L. <plw>Hydrothec\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E.

<plw>Hydrothecas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. E.

<ets>hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ a box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora),

protect the hydrants. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Hydroidea</er>, and <er>Campanularian</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*ther"a*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>therapy</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hydropathy</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*ther"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>thermal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the

action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and

otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the

globe.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*tho"rax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>thorax</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An accumulation of serous fluid in the

cavity of the chest.</def>



<hw>Hy*drot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"y`dwr</grk> water: cf. Gr. <?/ moisture, F.

<ets>hydrotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing a discharge of water

or phlegm.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

hydrotic medicine.</def></def2>



<hw>Hy*drot"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hydrotic.</def>



<hw>Hy"dro*trope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ to turn, direct.]</ety>

<def>A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a

pulsometer.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*trop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hydrotrope</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turning or

bending towards moisture, as roots.</def>



<hw>Hy*drot"ro*pism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tendency towards moisture.</def>



<hw>Hy"drous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>"y`dwr</grk> water.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Containing

water; watery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing water of hydration

or crystallization.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*xan"thane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A persulphocyanate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`dro*xan"thic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>xanthic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Persulphocyanic.</def>



<hw>Hy*drox"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrate; a substance containing

hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and

yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as

compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or

radical; <as>as, calcium <ex>hydroxide</ex> ethyl

<ex>hydroxide</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hy*drox"y-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

combining form, also used adjectively, indicating

<xex>hydroxyl</xex> as an ingredient.</def>



<cs><col>Hydroxy acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic

acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical)

an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an

alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as, lactic and

tartaric acids are <xex>hydroxy<xex> acids.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy*drox"yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>ox</ets>ygen +

-<ets>yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound

radical, or unsaturated group, <chform>HO</chform>, consisting of

one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic

part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.</def>



<hw>Hy*drox`yl*am"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydroxyl</ets> + <ets>amine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous, organic base,

<chform>NH2.OH</chform>, resembling ammonia, and produced by a

modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a

volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong

reducing agent.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*zo"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ an animal.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Acaleph\'91; one of the classes of

c\'d2lenterates, including the Hydroidea, Discophora, and

Siphonophora.</def>



<hw>Hy`dro*zo"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Hydrozoa.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`dro*zo"\'94n</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. L. <plw>Hydrozoa</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E.

<plw>Hydrozo\'94ns</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Hydrozoa.</def>



<hw>Hy"dru*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Hy"drus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

water serpent; also, a certain constellation, Gr.

<grk>"y`dros</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A

constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south

pole.</def>



<hw>Hye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hie</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hy*e"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hyemalis</ets>, or better <ets>hiemalis</ets>, fr.

<ets>hyems</ets>, <ets>hiems</ets>, winter: cf. F.

<ets>hy\'82mal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to winter; done in

winter.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Hy"e*mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hiemare</ets>, <ets>hiematum</ets>. See

<er>Hyemal</er>.]</ety> <def>To pass the winter.</def>

<mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`e*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hiematio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The passing of a

winter in a particular place; a wintering.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of affording shelter in winter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hy"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hy\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hyena.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hy*e"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hyenas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>hyaena</ets>,

Gr. <?/, orig., a sow, but usually, a Libyan wild beast, prob.,

the hyena, fr. <?/ hog: cf. F. <ets>hy\'8ane</ets>. See

<er>Sow</er> female hog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any

carnivorous mammal of the family <spn>Hy\'91nid\'91</spn>, of

which three living species are known. They are large and strong,

but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in

their habits.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hy\'91na</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ The striped hyena (<spn>Hy\'91na striata</spn>)

inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown

hyena (<spn>H. brunnea</spn>), and the spotted hyena

(<spn>Crocuta maculata</spn>), are found in Southern Africa. The

extinct cave hyena (<spn>H. spel\'91a</spn>) inhabited England

and France.</note>



<cs><col>Cave hyena</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cave</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hyena dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South African

canine animal (<spn>Lycaon venaticus</spn>), which hunts in

packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with

very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or

yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also

<altname>hunting dog</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy"e*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ rain,

from <?/ to rain.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to rain;

descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy

regions.</def>



<hw>Hy"e*to*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

rain + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chart or graphic

representation of the average distribution of rain over the

surface of the earth.</def>



<hw>Hy`e*to*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to to hyetography.</def>



<hw>Hy`e*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

branch of physical science which treats of the geographical

distribution of rain.</def>



<hw>Hy*ge"ia</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hygea</ets>, <ets>Hygia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, health,

<?/, Hygeia, fr. <?/ sound, healthy.]</ety> <fld>(Classic

Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of health, daughter of

Esculapius.</def>



<hw>Hy*ge"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its

preservation.</def>



<hw>Hy"ge*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled

in hygiena; a hygienist.</def>



<hw>Hy"gie*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

hygienist.</def>



<hw>Hy"gi*ene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hygi\'8ane</ets>. See <er>Hygeia</er>.]</ety> <def>That

department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation

of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of

principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.</def>



<hw>Hy`gi*en"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hygi\'82nique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to health

or hygiene; sanitary.</def>



<hw>Hy`gi*en"ics</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The science of health;

hygiene.</def>



<hw>Hy"gi*en*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hygiene.</def>



<hw>Hy"gi*en*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed in

hygiene.</def>



<hw>Hy`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

health + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on, or the

science of, the preservation of health.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy"grine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Gr. <?/

moist.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid associated with

cocaine in coca leaves (<spn>Erythroxylon coca</spn>), and

extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and

odor.</def>



<hw>Hy"gro*deik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wet, moist, and <?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A

form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an

adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in

the air, etc.</def>



<hw>Hy"gro*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wet + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An

instrument for recording automatically the variations of the

humidity of the atmosphere.</def>



<hw>Hy*grol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wet + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hygrologie</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The science which treats of the fluids of

the body.</def>



<hw>Hy*grom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wet, moist + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hygrom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An

instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the

atmosphere.</def>



<cs><col>Daniell's hygrometer</col>, <cd>a form of hygrometer

consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one

covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing

ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the

black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is

soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer

gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one

in the air, determines the humidity.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`gro*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`gro*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hygrom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to,

the hygrometer; <as>as, <ex>hygrometric</ex>

observations</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Readily absorbing and retaining moisture;

<as>as, <ex>hygrometric</ex> substances, like potash</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy*grom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hygrom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That

branch of physics which relates to the determination of the

humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the

theory and use of the instruments constructed for this

purpose.</def>



<hw>Hy*groph"a*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ wet + <?/ to show.]</ety> <def>Having such a structure as to

be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.</def>



<hw>Hy`groph*thal"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ wet + E. <ets>ophthalmic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the

lachrymal ducts.</def>



<hw>Hy"gro*plasm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wet + <?/ form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The fluid

portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to

<xex>stereoplasm</xex>, the solid or insoluble portion. The

latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of

idioplasm.</def>



<hw>Hy"gro*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wet + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hygroscope</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument which shows whether there

is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating

its amount.</def>



<hw>Hy`gro*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hygroscopique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily

manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the

hygroscope; <as>as, glass is often covered with a film of

<ex>hygroscopic</ex> moisture</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the property of readily inbibing moisture

from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film

of moisture, as glass, etc.</def>



<hw>Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The property possessed by vegetable

tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to

circumstances.</def>



<hw>Hy`gro*stat"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ wet + <?/. See <er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <def>The science or

art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Hyke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Haik</er>,

and <er>Huke</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy"l\'91*o*saur`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Hy`l\'91*o*sau"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>hylaeosaurus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/

belonging to a forest (fr. <?/ wood) + <?/ a lizard.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A large Wealden dinosaur from the

Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected

by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.</def>



<hw>Hy*lar"chi*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wood, matter + <?/: cf. F. <ets>hylarchique</ets>. See

<er>Archical</er>.]</ety> <def>Presiding over matter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hallywell.</au>



<hw>Hy"le*o*saur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hyl\'91osaur</er>.</def>



<hw>Hyl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining

to matter; material; corporeal; <as>as, <ex>hylic</ex>

influences</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy"li*cist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

adj., material, fr. <?/ wood, matter.]</ety> <def>A philosopher

who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches

hylism.</def>



<-- p. 719 -->



<hw>Hy"lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wood,

matter.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A theory which regards

matter as the original principle of evil.</def>



<hw>Hy"lo*bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ one

that walks or inhabits the woods: <?/ a wood + <?/ to go.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus

<spn>Hylobates</spn>; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See

<er>Gibbon</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy*lo"des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ woody, wooded, muddy; <?/ a wood + <?/ form.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The piping frog (<spn>Hyla

Pickeringii</spn>), a small American tree frog, which in early

spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings with high,

shrill, but musical, notes.</def>



<hw>Hy"lo*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hylotheism</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy"lo*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wood,

matter.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Hylotheist</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy*lop"a*thism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

matter + <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>The doctrine that

matter is sentient.</def>



<au>Krauth-Fleming.</au>



<hw>Hy*lop"a*thist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

believes in hylopathism.</def>



<hw>Hy*loph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wood + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating green

shoots, as certain insects do.</def>



<hw>Hy"lo*the*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wood, matter + <?/ God.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of belief that

matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the

universe; pantheism. See <er>Materialism</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy"lo*the*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who believes in

hylotheism.</def>



<hw>Hy`lo*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to hylozoism.</def>



<hw>Hy`lo*zo"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wood, matter + <?/ life, fr. <?/ to live: cf. F.

<ets>hylozo\'8bsme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine that matter

possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and

life are inseparable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>Hy`lo*zo"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A believer in

hylozoism.</def>



<au>A. Tucker.</au>



<hw>Hy*mar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild ass of Persia.</def>



<hw>Hy"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ skin,

membrane.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fold of muscous

membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal

membrane.</def>



<hw>Hy"men</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Class Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous deity;

according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to

others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and

presided over nuptial solemnities.</def>



<q>Till <qex>Hymen</qex> brought his love-delighted hour,

There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bower.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Marriage; union as if by marriage.</def>



<q><qex>Hymen</qex> of element and race.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`me*ne"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hy`me*ne"an</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hymeneius</ets>, <pos>a.</pos>, also <ets>Hymenaeus</ets>,

<pos>n.</pos>, Hymen, Gr. <?/ the wedding song, also <?/ Hymen:

cf. F. <ets>hym\'82n\'82al</ets>,

<ets>hym\'82n\'82en</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

marriage; <as>as, <ex>hymeneal</ex> rites</as>.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`me*ne"al</hw>, <hw>Hy`me*ne"an</hw>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A marriage song.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hy*me"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Hymenia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Hymeniums</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a membrane.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spore-bearing surface of certain

fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.</def>



<hw>Hy`me*nog"e*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a membrane + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <def>The production

of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and

fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin

film of the former.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a membrane + <?/, <?/, a mushroom.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the great divisions of fungi,

containing those species in which the hymenium is completely

exposed.</def>



<au>M. J. Berkley.</au>



<hw>Hy*men"o*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a membrane + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part

of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.</def>



<hw>Hy`me*nop"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hym\'82nopt\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the Hymenoptera.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`me*nop"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ membrane-winged; <?/ skin, membrane + <?/

wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive order of

insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies,

etc.</def>



<note><hand/ They have four membranous wings, with few

reticulations, and usually with a thickened, dark spot on the

front edge of the anterior wings. In most of the species, the

tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ for sucking honey,

or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted for biting or

cutting. In one large division (<spn>Aculeata</spn>), including

the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a

sting, which is only a modified ovipositor.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`me*nop"ter*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`me*nop"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or characteristic of, the

Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.</def>



<hw>Hy`me*nop"ter*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Hymenoptera.</def>



<hw>Hymn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hympne</ets>, <ets>ympne</ets>, F. <ets>hymne</ets>, OF.

also <ets>ymne</ets>, L. <ets>hymnus</ets>, Gr. <?/; perh. akin

to <?/ web, <?/ to weave, and so to E. <ets>weave</ets>.]</ety>

<def>An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a

religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thankgiving

intended to be used in religious service; <as>as, the Homeric

<ex>hymns</ex>; Watts' <ex>hymns</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Admonishing one another in psalms and <qex>hymns</qex>.</q>

<qau>Col. iii. 16.</qau>



<q>Where angels first should practice <qex>hymns</qex>, and

string

Their tuneful harps.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Hymn book</col>, <cd>a book containing a collection of

hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hymn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hymned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hymning</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>hymnire</ets>, Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>To praise in song; to worship or extol by

singing hymns; to sing.</def>



<q>To <qex>hymn</qex> the bright of the Lord.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<q>Their praise is <qex>hymned</qex> by loftier harps than

mine.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Hymn</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sing in praise or

adoration.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hym"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A collection of

hymns; a hymn book.</def>



<hw>Hym"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hymnique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to hymns, or sacred

lyrics.</def>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>Hymn"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Praising with

hymns; singing.</def> \'bdThe <xex>hymning</xex> choir.\'b8



<au>G. West.</au>



<hw>Hymn"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The singing of hymns.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Hym"nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer of

hymns.</def>



<hw>Hym"no*dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

a hymn + <?/ a song, a singing.]</ety> <def>Hymns, considered

collectively; hymnology.</def>



<hw>Hym*nog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who writes on the subject of hymns.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A writer or composed of hymns.</def>



<hw>Hym*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hymn + <ets>graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or act of composing

hymns.</def>



<hw>Hym*nol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.</def>



<au>Busby.</au>



<hw>Hym*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hymn + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hymnologie</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors

of a particular country or period; <as>as, the <ex>hymnology</ex>

of the eighteenth century</as>; also, the collective body of

hymns used by any particular church or religious body; <as>as,

the Anglican <ex>hymnology</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.</def>



<hw>Hymp"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hymn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hynd"reste</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hinderest</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hyne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A servant. See

<er>Hine</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Hy"o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See <er>Hyod</er>.]</ety>

<def>A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting

<xex>connection with the hyoid bone</xex> or <xex>arch</xex>;

<as>as, <ex>hyo</ex>glossal, <ex>hyo</ex>mandibular,

<ex>hyo</ex>mental, etc.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hyo-</er>, and <er>Canoidei</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ganoid fishes, including

the gar pikes and bowfins.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hy`o*ga"noid</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hy`o*glos"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and

hyodean arch; <as>as, the <ex>hyoglossal</ex>

membrane</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the

hyoglossus muscle.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`o*glos"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. <ets>hyo-</ets> hyo-</ets> + <ets>Gr. <?/ tongue.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A flat muscle on either side of the

tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone.</def>



<hw>Hy"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fr. the

letter <?/ + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>hyo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek

letter upsilon [<UPSILON/].</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the bony

or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes

applied to the tongue itself.</def>



<cs><col>Hyoid arch</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the arch of

cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the

tongue with either side of the skull.</cd> -- <col>Hyoid

bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the bone in the base of the

tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy"oid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hyoid bone.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy*oid"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hy*oid"e*an</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Hyoid</er>,

<it>a.</it></def>



<hw>Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>mandibular</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and

the mandible or lower jaw; <as>as, the <ex>hyomandibular</ex>

bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the

lower jaw with the skull in fishes</as>.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The hyomandibular bone or

cartilage.</def></def2>



<hw>Hy`o*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>mental</ets> of the chin.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw,

pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; <as>as, the

<ex>hyomental</ex> region of the front of the neck</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy`o*pas"tron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>plastron</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The second lateral plate in the

plastron of turtles; -- called also

<altname>hyosternum</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hy*os"cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hyoscyamus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid

found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in

henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid

substance.</def>



<hw>Hy`os*cy"a*mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hyoscyamus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid

found in henbane (<spn>Hyoscyamus niger</spn>), and regarded as

its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in

the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white

crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste.

<ex>Hyoscyamine</ex> is isomeric with atropine, is very

poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like

belladonna. Called also <altname>hyoscyamia</altname>,

<altname>duboisine</altname>, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`os*cy"a*mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a sow, hog + <?/ a bean.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of poisonous plants of the

Nightshade family; henbane.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The leaves of the black

henbane (<spn>Hyoscyamus niger</spn>), used in neuralgic and

pectorial troubles.</def>



<hw>Hy`o*ster"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>ternal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Between the hyoid bone and

the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; <as>as, the

<ex>hyosternal</ex> region of the neck</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`o*ster"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>sternum</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hyoplastron</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`o*styl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a pillar.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the mandible suspended by the

hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes,

instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; --

said of the skull.</def>



<hw>Hyp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An abbreviation of

<xex>hypochonaria</xex>; -- usually in plural.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Heaven send thou hast not got the <qex>hyps</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Hyp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make melancholy.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy*p\'91"thral</hw>, <hw>Hy*pe"thral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>hypaethrus</ets> in the open

air, uncovered, Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ ether, the clear

sky.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Exposed to the air; wanting a

roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Hy*pal"la*ge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/, prop., interchange, exchange, fr, <?/ to interchange;

<?/ under + <?/ to change.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A

figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their

proper subjects to other. Thus Virgil says, \'bd<xex>dare

classibus austros</xex>,\'b8 to give the winds to the fleets,

instead of <xex>dare classibus austris</xex>, to give the fleets

to the winds.</def>



<q>The <qex>hypallage</qex>, of which Virgil is fonder than any

other writer, is much the gravest fault in language.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Hy*pan"thi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

L. <plw>Hypanthia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Hypanthiums</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/

flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit consisting in large

part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the

<spn>alycanthus</spn>, the rose hip, and the pear.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`pa*poph"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Hypapophyles</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A process, or other element, of a

vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as

h\'91mal spines, and chevron bones.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hy`par*te"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hypo-</ets> + <ets>arterial</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated below an artery; applied esp. to

the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the

pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.</def>



<hw>Hy*pas"pist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A shield-bearer or

armor-bearer.</def>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<hw>Hy*pax"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hypo-</ets> + <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Beneath the axis of the skeleton;

subvertebral; hyposkeletal.</def>



<hw>Hy"per-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ over, above; akin to

L. <ets>super</ets>, E. <ets>over</ets>. See <er>Over</er>, and

cf. <er>Super-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prefix signifying

<xex>over</xex>, <xex>above</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>hyper</ex>physical, <ex>hyper</ex>thyrion</as>; also,

<xex>above measure</xex>, <xex>abnormally great</xex>,

<xex>excessive</xex>; <as>as, <ex>hyper</ex>\'91mia,

<ex>hyper</ex>bola, <ex>hyper</ex>critical,

<ex>hyper</ex>secretion</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix equivalent to

<xex>super-</xex> or <xex>per-</xex>; as <xex>hyper</xex>oxide,

or <xex>per</xex>oxide. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Per-</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*\'91"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part

of the body.</def>



<cs><col>Active hyper\'91mia</col>, <cd>cognestion d%ue to

increased flow of blood to a part.</cd> -- <col>Passive

hyper\'91mia</col>, <cd>interchange due to obstruction in the

return of blood from a part.</cd></cs>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hy`per*\'91"mic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*\'91s*the"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ sense, perception.]</ety>

<fld>(Med. & Physiol.)</fld> <def>A state of exalted or morbidly

increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hy`per*\'91s*thet"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Hyperapophyses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hyper-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A lateral and backward-projecting process

on the dorsal side of a vertebra.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hy`per*as"pist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to cover with a shield; <?/ over + <?/

shield.]</ety> <def>One who holds a shield over another; hence, a

defender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chillingworth.</au>



<hw>Hy`per*bat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy*per"ba*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ transposed, fr. <?/ to step over; <?/ over +

<?/ to step.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A figurative

construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or

clauses; <as>as, \'bdechoed the hills\'b8 for \'bdthe hills

echoed</as>.\'b8</def>



<q>With a violent <qex>hyperbaton</qex> to transpose the

text.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Hy*per"bo*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

prop., an overshooting, excess, <it>i. e.</it>, of the angle

which the cutting plane makes with the base. See

<er>Hyperbole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve formed

by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater

angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a

plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any

point of it to two fixed points, called <xex>foci</xex>, is equal

to a given distance. See <er>Focus</er>. If the cutting plane be

produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be

formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as

branches of the same hyperbola. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<xex>Conic section</xex>, and <er>Focus</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy*per"bo*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr<?/, prop., an overshooting, excess, fr. Gr. <?/ to throw over

or beyond; <?/ over + <?/ to throw. See <er>Hyper-</er>,

<er>Parable</er>, and cf. <er>Hyperbola</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech in which the

expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to

be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater

or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement

exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect.</def>



<q>Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them

extravagant <qex>hyperboles</qex>.</q>

<qau>Blair.</qau>



<q>Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the

<qex>hyperbole</qex>, that it lies without deceiving.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`per*bol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`per*bol"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>hyperbolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>hyperbolique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<def>Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the

hyperbola.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Relating to, containing, or

of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond

the fact; exceeding the truth; <as>as, an <ex>hyperbolical</ex>

expression</as>.</def> \'bdThis <xex>hyperbolical</xex>

epitaph.\'b8



<au>Fuller.</au>



<cs><col>Hyperbolic functions</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,

<cd>certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola

corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have

to the circle; and hence, called <stype>hyperbolic sines</stype>,

<stype>hyperbolic cosines</stype>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hyperbolic

logarithm</col>. <cd>See <er>Logarithm</er>.</cd> --

<col>Hyperbolic spiral</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a spiral

curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to

the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by

the radius vector.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 720 -->



<hw>Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In the form of an

hyperbola.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>With exaggeration; in a

manner to express more or less than the truth.</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Hy`per*bol"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyperbola</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having

the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.</def>



<hw>Hy*per"bo*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hyperbolisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The use of hyperbole.</def>



<au>Jefferson.</au>



<hw>Hy*per"bo*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

uses hyperboles.</def>



<hw>Hy*per"bo*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hyperbolized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hyperbolizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hyperboliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To speak or write with

exaggeration.</def>



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Hy*per"bo*lize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To state or

represent hyperbolically.</def>



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<hw>Hy*per"bo*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyperbola</ets> + -<ets>oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hyperbolo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A

surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in

hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a

surface.</def>



<cs><col>Hyperboloid of revolution</col>, <cd>an hyperboloid

described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The

surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is

the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is

the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy*per"bo*loid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>

<def>Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or

hyperbola.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*bo"re*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hyperboreus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ over, beyond + <?/. See

<er>Boreas</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Greek Myth.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to

its inhabitants.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region

in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright,

<as>as, a <ex>hyperborean</ex> coast or atmosphere</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>hyperborean</qex> or frozen sea.</q>

<qau>C. Butler (1633).</qau>



<hw>Hy`per*bo"re*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Greek

Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the people who lived beyond the North

wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inhabitant of the most northern

regions.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having an excessive proportion of

carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>hypercarburetted</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>hypercatalecticus</ets>,

<ets>hypercatalectus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>hypercatalectique</ets>. See <er>Hyper-</er>, and

<er>Catalectic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Having a

syllable or two beyond measure; <as>as, a

<ex>hypercatalectic</ex> verse</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*chlo"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Perchloric</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*chro"ma*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of having an unusual intensity of color.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*crit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hyper-</ets> + <ets>critic</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hypercritique</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is critical beyond

measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor.</def>

\'bd<xex>Hypercritics</xex> in English poetry.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Hy`per*crit"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hypercritical.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*crit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly

critical; carping; captious.</def> \'bd<xex>Hypercritical</xex>

readers.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excessively nice or exact.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

hypercritical manner.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*crit"i*cise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise

captiously.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*crit"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of

criticism; zoilism.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*di*crot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Excessive dicrotic; <as>as, a

<ex>hyperdicrotic</ex> pulse</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*di"cro*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A hyperdicrotic condition.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*di"cro*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Hyperdicrotic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*du*li"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hyper-</ets> + <ets>dulia</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hyperdulie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>

<def>Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most

exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia.</def>



<au>Addis & Arnold.</au>



<hw>Hy"per*du`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hyperdulia.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`per*es*the"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Hyper\'91sthesia</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy*per"i*cum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ under, among + <?/, <?/, heath,

heather.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants,

generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also

<altname>St. John's-wort</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*i*no"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/, <?/, strength, fiber.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of the blood, characterized by

an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory

diseases.</def>



<hw>Hy*pe"ri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Class Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of the sun;

in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished

for his beauty.</def>



<q>So excellent a king; that was, to this,

<qex>Hyperion</qex> to a satyr.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*ki*ne"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ motion.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Abnormally increased muscular movement;

spasm.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*ki*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to hyperkinesis.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyper-</ets> + <ets>metamorphosis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of metamorphosis, in certain

insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes

of form and structure during its growth.</def>



<hw>Hy*per"me*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

beyond all measure; <?/ over, beyond + <?/ measure: cf. F.

<ets>hyperm\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>

<def>A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a

hypercatalectic verse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary

standard.</def>



<q>When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an

<qex>hypermeter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Hy`per*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common

measure.</def>



<cs><col>Hypermetrical verse</col> <fld>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</fld>,

<cd>a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary

measure.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`per*met"ro*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>hypermetropia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ excessive + <?/,

<?/, the eye. See <er>Hypermeter</er>.]</ety> <def>A condition of

the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of

the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind

the retina; farsightedness; -- called also

<altname>hyperopia</altname>. Cf. <er>Emmetropia</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ In <xex>hypermetropia</xex>, vision for distant

objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for

near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted.

It is corrected by the use of convex glasses.</note>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hy`per*me*trop"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beyond + <?/ countless + <?/ view.]</ety>

<def>A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or

views.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of

marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth

contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of

the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See

<er>Cyclostoma</er>, and <er>Lamprey</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*o"pi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety>

<def>Hypermetropia.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`per*op"tic</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hy`per*or*gan"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hyper-</ets> + <ets>organic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Higher than,

or beyond the sphere of, the organic.</def>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Orthodoxy pushed to excess.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*o*tre"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the plate + <?/ perforated.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marsipobranchs, including

the Myxine or hagfish and the genus <spn>Bdellostoma</spn>. They

have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a

communication between tionnasal aperture and the throat. See

<er>Hagfish</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Hyperotreti</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hy`per*ox"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound having a relatively large

percentage of oxygen; a peroxide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with a relatively large amount

of oxygen; -- said of higher oxides.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A perchlorate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Perchloric; <as>as,

<ex>hyperoxymuriatic</ex> acid</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`per*phys"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Above

or transcending physical laws; supernatural.</def>



<q>Those who do not fly to some <qex>hyperphysical</qex>

hypothesis.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*pla"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ conformation, fr. <?/ to

mold.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Biol.)</fld> <def>An increase in, or

excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Hyperplasia</xex> relates to the formation of

new elements, <xex>hypertrophy</xex> being an increase in bulk of

preexisting normal elements.</note>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Hy`per*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Tending to excess of

formative action.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*n\'d2"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/, <?/, breath.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Abnormal breathing, due to slightly

deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from

<xex>eupn\'d2a</xex>. See <er>Eupn\'d2a</er>, and

<er>Dispn\'d2a</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*py*rex"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hyper-</er>, and <er>Pyrexia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of excessive fever; an

elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit

usually observed in that disease.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*se*cre"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Morbid or excessive secretion, as in

catarrh.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Hyper\'91sthesia</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy"per*space</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hyper-</ets> + <ets>space</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>

<def>An imagined space having more than three dimensions.</def>



<hw>Hy"per*sthene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

over + <?/ strength: cf. F. <ets>hyperst\'8ane</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene

group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a

peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage

surface.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*sthen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Composed of, or containing,

hypersthene.</def>



<hw>Hy`per*thet"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ over + <?/ to place.]</ety> <def>Exaggerated; excessive;

hyperbolical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Hyperthetical</qex> or superlative . . . expression.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Hy`per*thyr"i*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ over + <?/ door.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of the architrave which is over

a door or window.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`per*troph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`per*troph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hypertrophique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med. &

Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with,

or tending to, hypertrophy.</def>



<hw>Hy*per"tro*phied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.

& Biol.)</fld> <def>Excessively developed; characterized by

hypertrophy.</def>



<hw>Hy*per"tro*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

over, beyond + <?/ nourishment, fr. <?/ to nourish: cf. F.

<ets>hypertrophie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Biol.)</fld> <def>A

condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or

part; -- the opposite of <xex>atrophy</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy"ph\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <grk>"yfh`</grk> a web.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater

part of the plant) of a fungus is formed.  They are also found

enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of

their structure.</def>



<hw>Hy"phen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ under one, into one, together, fr. <?/ under + <?/,

neut. of <?/ one. See <er>Hypo-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld>

<def>A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line

which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of

which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a

compound word; as in <xex>fine-leaved</xex>,

<xex>clear-headed</xex>. It is also sometimes used to separate

the syllables of words.</def>



<hw>Hy"phen</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Hyphened</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Hyphening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To connect with,

or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a

word.</def>



<hw>Hy"phen*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>United by

hyphens; hyphened; <as>as, a <ex>hyphenated</ex> or hyphened

word</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`pho*my*ce"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a web + <?/, <?/, a mushroom.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the great division of fungi,

containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or

only fasciculate threads.</def>



<au>M. J. Berkley.</au>



<hw>Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>idiomorphic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock

a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline

form.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Hyp`i*no"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ under + <?/, <?/ strength, fiber.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diminution in the normal amount of

fibrin present in the blood.</def>



<hw>Hyp`na*gog"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sleep + <?/ a carrying away.]</ety> <def>Leading to sleep; --

applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.</def>



<hw>Hyp"no*bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

Gr. <?/ sleep + <?/ to go.]</ety> <def>A somnambulist.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hyp"no*cyst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sleep + E. <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A cyst

in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose

themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of

drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of

spore formation seems to occur within such cysts.</def>



<hw>Hyp`no*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sleep + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<def>Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; <as>as, the

so-called <ex>hypnogenic</ex> pressure points, pressure upon

which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep</as>.</def>



<au>De Watteville.</au>



<hw>Hyp*nol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

is versed in hypnology.</def>



<hw>Hyp*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sleep + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on sleep; the

doctrine of sleep.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hyp*no"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ sleep.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Supervention of

sleep.</def>



<hw>Hyp*not"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

inclined to sleep, putting to sleep, fr. <?/ to lull to sleep,

fr. <?/ sleep; akin to L. <ets>somnus</ets>, and E.

<ets>somnolent</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hypnotique</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the quality of producing sleep; tending

to produce sleep; soporific.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of

hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; <as>as, a <ex>hypnotic</ex>

condition</as>.</def>



<hw>Hyp*not"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any agent

that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a

soporific; a narcotic.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is

subject to, hypnotism.</def>



<hw>Hyp"no*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sleep: cf. F. <ets>hypnotisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of sleep

or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is

an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of

others. It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the

medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization,

by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes,

or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the

body.</def>



<hw>Hyp`no*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act or process of producing hypnotism.</def>



<hw>Hyp"no*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hypnotized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hypnotizing</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To induce hypnotism in; to place

in a state of hypnotism.</def>



<hw>Hyp"no*ti`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hypnotizes.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hyp"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ moss.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The largest genus of

true mosses; feather moss.</def>



<hw>Hy"po-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ under, beneath; akin

to L. <ets>sub</ets>. See <er>Sub-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A prefix signifying a <xex>less quantity</xex>, or a

<xex>low state</xex> or <xex>degree</xex>, of that denoted by the

word with which it is joined, or position <xex>under</xex> or

<xex>beneath</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix denoting that the

element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a

<xex>low valence</xex>, or in a <xex>low state of

oxidization</xex>, usually the <xex>lowest</xex>, into the

compounds indicated; <as>as, <ex>hypo</ex>sulphurous

acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy"po</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hypochondria.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Hy"po</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. from

<ets>hyposulphite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Sodium

hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a

bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`po*a"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a hypoarion.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*a"ri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hypoaria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

beneath + <?/ a little egg.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An

oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of

the inferior lobes.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<hw>Hy"po*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; -- called also

<altname>endoderm</altname>, <altname>entoderm</altname>, and

sometimes <altname>hypoderm</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Blastoderm</er>, <er>Delamination</er>, and

<er>Ectoderm</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*blas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or connected with, the

hypoblast; <as>as, the <ex>hypoic</ex> sac</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy*pob"o*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

throwing under, a suggesting; <?/ under + <?/ to throw.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which several things are

mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of

the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*bran"chi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>branchial</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the segment between the

basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch.</def>

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A hypobranchial bone or

cartilage.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy"po*carp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Hy`po*car"pi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>hypocarpium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/

fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fleshy enlargement of the

receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the

cashew. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Cashew</er>.</def>



<-- p. 721 -->



<hw>Hy`po*car`po*ge"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit + <?/ earth.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing fruit below the ground.</def>



<hw>Hyp"o*caust</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hypocaustum</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ to burn: cf. F.

<ets>hypocauste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>A

furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and

flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire

was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in

bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*chlo"rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hypochlorous acid; <as>as, a

calcium <ex>hypochloride</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*chlo"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>chlorous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence

lower than in chlorous compounds.</def>



<cs><col>Hypochlorous acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid

derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming

various salts, called hypochlorites.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`po*chon"dres</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hypocondres</ets>, formerly spely

<ets>hypochondres</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hypochondriac regions.

See <er>Hypochondrium</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypochondriasis;

melancholy; the blues.</def><-- as of 1990, the preferred name

for the condition in which a person has a morbid concern about

illnesses which he imagines are affecting him -->



<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ affocated in the hypochondrium: cf. F.

<ets>hypocondriaque</ets>, formerly spelt

<ets>hypochondriaque</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected, characterized, or produced, by

hypochondriasis.</def>



<cs><col>Hypochondriac region</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a

region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of

the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar,

region.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*ac</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person affected

with hypochondriasis.</def>



<q>He had become an incurable <qex>hypochondriac</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Hypochondriac</er>, 2.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypochondriasis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. So named because supposed to have its seat in the

hypochondriac regions. See <er>Hypochondriac</er>,

<er>Hypochondrium</er>, and cf. <er>Hyp</er>, 1st

<er>Hypo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mental disorder in

which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person,

particularly concerning his own health.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*asm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypochondriasis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*chon"dri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. L. <plw>Hypochondria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E.

<plw>Hypochondriums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/, from <?/ under the cartilage of the breastbone; <?/ under +

<?/ cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Either of the

hypochondriac regions.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*chon"dry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hypochondriasis.</def>



<hw>Hyp"o*cist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

plant growing on the roots of the <ets>Cistus</ets>.]</ety>

<def>An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a

plant (<spn>Cytinus hypocistis</spn>), growing from the roots of

the <spn>Cistus</spn>, a small European shrub.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*clei"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. L. <plw>Hypocleida</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E.

<plw>Hypocleidiums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/ under + <?/ a little key.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A

median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds,

where it is connected with the sternum.</def>



<hw>Hyp`o*co*ris"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ under + <?/ to caress.]</ety> <def>Endearing;

diminutive; <as>as, the <ex>hypocoristic</ex> form of a

name</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>hypocoristic</qex> or pet form of William.</q>

<qau>Dr. Murray.</qau>



<hw>Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <?/ cup + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped.</def>



<au>Wood.</au>



<hw>Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ bowl + <?/ form.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Salver-shaped; having a slender tube,

expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border,

as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.</def>



<hw>H*poc"ri*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hypocrisies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>hypocrisie</ets>, <ets>ypocrisie</ets>, OF.

<ets>hypocrisie</ets>, <ets>ypocrisie</ets>, F.

<ets>hypocrisie</ets>, L. <ets>hypocrisis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ the

playing a part on the stage, simulation, outward show, fr. <?/ to

answer on the stage, to play a part; <?/ under + <?/ to decide;

in the middle voice, to dispute, contend. See <er>Hypo-</er>, and

<er>Critic</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of a hypocrite;

a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not

feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character,

disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false

appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness.</def>



<q><qex>Hypocrisy</qex> is the necessary burden of villainy.</q>

<qau>Rambler.</qau>



<q><qex>Hypocrisy</qex> is the homage vice pays to virtue.</q>

<qau>La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ).</qau>



<hw>Hyp"o*crite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>hypocrita</ets>, Gr. <?/ one who plays a part on the stage,

a dissembler, feigner. See <er>Hypocrisy</er>.]</ety> <def>One

who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning

approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who

feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to

virtue or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety.</def>



<q>The <qex>hypocrite's</qex> hope shall perish.</q>

<qau>Job viii. 13.</qau>



<q>I dare swear he is no <qex>hypocrite</qex>, but prays from his

heart.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See

<er>Dissembler</er>.</syn>



<hw>Hyp"o*crite*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Hypocritically.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sylvester.</au>



<hw>Hyp`o*crit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hypocritical</er>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Hyp`o*crit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/: cf. F. <ets>hypocritique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining

to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; <as>as, a

<ex>hypocritical</ex>person; a <ex>hypocritical</ex> look; a

<ex>hypocritical</ex> action.</as></def>



<q><qex>Hypocritical</qex> professions of friendship and of

pacific intentions were not spared.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hyp`o*crys"tal*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Partly crystalline; -- said of rock

which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground

mass.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*cy"cloid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>cycloid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>hypocyclo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A

curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which

rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf.

<er>Epicycloid</er>, and <er>Trochoid</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>-tyla</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/ beneath + <?/ a finger, toe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The under side of the toes.</def>



<hw>Hyp"o*derm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>-derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Hypoblast</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hyp`o*der"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hypo</er>, and <er>derma</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in

plants, and performing the physiological function of

strengthening the epidermal tissue. In phanerogamous plants it is

developed as <xex>collenchyma</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An inner cellular layer

which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids,

and some other invertebrates.</def>



<hw>Hyp`o*der*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hypodermic.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hyp`o*der"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hypoderma</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the parts

under the skin.</def>



<cs><col>Hypodermic medication</col>, <cd>the application of

remedies under the epidermis, usually by means of a small

syringe, called the hypodermic syringe.</cd></cs>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Hyp`o*der"mis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Derma</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hypoblast</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Hypoderma</er>, 2.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hyp`o*di*crot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hyp`o*di"cro*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; <as>as,

a <ex>hypodicrotic</ex> pulse curve</as>.</def>



<hw>Hyp`o*g\'91"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <grk>gai^a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>,

earth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained

from, the peanut, or earthnut (<spn>Arachis

hypog\'91a</spn>).</def>



<cs><col>Hypog\'91ic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid

in the oil of the earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride,

and from which it is extracted as a white, crystalline

substance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hyp`o*gas"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>hypogastrique</ets>. See <er>Hypogastrium</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or

the hypogastric region.</def>



<cs><col>Hypogastric region</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The lower

part of the abdomen.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An arbitrary division

of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac

regions.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Hyp`o*gas"tri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ belly.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The lower part of the abdomen.</def>



<hw>Hyp`o*ge"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ earth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Hypogeous.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hypog\'91an</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hyp"o*gene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + the root of Gr. <?/ to be born: cf. F.

<ets>hypog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed or

crystallized at depths the earth's surface; -- said of granite,

gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of

have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks.

Opposed to <xex>epigene</xex>.</def>



<hw>Hyp`o*ge"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hypogean</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing under

ground; remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under

ground.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hypog\'91ous</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Hyp`o*ge"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hypogea</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/,

<?/, subterranean; <?/ under + <?/, <?/, the earth.]</ety>

<fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>The subterraneous portion of a

building, as in amphitheaters, for the service of the games;

also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs.</def>



<hw>Hyp`o*glos"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher

vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which

are distributed to the base of the tongue.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the hypoglossal

nerves.</def></def2>



<hw>Hy*pog"na*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as

in the skimmer.</def>



<hw>Hyp"o*gyn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>An hypogynous plant.</def>



<hw>Hy*pog"y*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ woman, female: cf. F.

<ets>hypogyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inserted below

the pistil or pistils; -- said of sepals, petals, and stamens;

having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil;

-- said of a flower or a plant.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Hy`po*hy"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Greek letter <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean

arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the hypohyal bones or

cartilages.</def></def2>



<hw>Hy`po*nas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pressed close.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by

unequal growth. Cf. <er>Epinastic</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*nas"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Downward convexity, or convexity of the

inferior surface.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*ni"trite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hyponitrous acid.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*ni"trous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>nitrous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence

than in nitrous compounds.</def>



<cs><col>Hyponitrous acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an

unstable nitrogen acid, <chform>NOH</chform>, whose salts are

produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself

is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water;

-- called also <altname>nitrosylic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*phar"ynx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Pharynx</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An appendage or fold on the lower side

of the pharynx, in certain insects.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*phos"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hypophosphoric acid.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*phos"phite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hypophosphorous acid.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*phos*phor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>phosphoric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, or

containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in

phosphoric compounds; <as>as, <ex>hypophosphoric</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hypophosphoric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an

acid, <chform>P2H4O6</chform>, produced by the slow oxidation of

moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is

regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric

acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial

dehydration.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`po*phos"phor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>phosphorous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus

in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds;

<as>as, <ex>hypophosphorous</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hypophosphorous acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>, an

acid, <chform>H3PO2</chform>, whose salts are produced by the

action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from

its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white

crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy*poph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit

dots of ferns.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*phys"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the hypophysis;

pituitary.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy*poph"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ under + <?/ nature, origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Pituitary body</cref>, under

<er>Pituitary</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cataract.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*plas"tron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hypoplastra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>plastron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; --

called also <altname>hyposternum</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy*pop"ti*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

L. <plw>Hypoptila</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Hypoptilums</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/

down.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An accessory plume

arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour

feathers of many birds; -- called also

<altname>aftershaft</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Feather</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*ra"di*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hyporadii</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>radius</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or

aftershaft of a feather. See <er>Feather</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*rha"chis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hyporhachides</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/ beneath + <?/ spine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hyporachis</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hy`po*skel"e*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>skeletal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; <as>as, the

<ex>hyposkeletal</ex> muscles</as>; -- opposed to

<xex>episkeletal</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*spa"di*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ to draw, tear.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A deformity of the penis, in which the

urethra opens upon its under surface.</def>



<hw>Hy*pos"ta*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hypostases</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/

subsistence, substance, fr. <?/ to stand under; <?/ under + <?/

to stand, middle voice of <?/ to cause to stand. See

<er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a

concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing

being or thing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Substance; subsistence;

essence; person; personality; -- used by the early theologians to

denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the

Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.</def>



<note><hand/ The Council of Alexandria (<er>a</er>.<er>d</er>.

362) defined <xex>hypostasis</xex> as synonymous with

<xex>person</xex>.</note>



<au>Schaff-Herzog.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists

in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered

as the three principles of all material bodies.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which is deposited at the

bottom of a fluid; sediment.</def>



<hw>Hy*pos"ta*size</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an

existing being; to hypostatize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to <qex>hypostasize</qex>

the law of gravitation into an ether.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`po*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`po*stat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hypostatique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive,

or elementary.</def>



<q>The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three

<qex>hypostatical</qex> principles.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to

the divine hypostases, or substances.</def>



<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Depending upon, or due to,

deposition or setting; <as>as, <ex>hypostatic</ex> cognestion,

cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hypostatic union</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the

union of the divine with the human nature of Christ.</cd></cs>



<au>Tillotson.</au>



<hw>Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

hypostatic manner.</def>



<hw>Hy*pos"ta*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make into, or regarded as, a separate and

distinct substance.</def>



<q>Looked upon both species and genera as <qex>hypostatized</qex>

universals.</q>

<qau>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attribute actual or personal existence

to.</def>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*ster"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

L. <plw>Hyposterna</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Hyposternums</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> +

<ets>sternum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Hypoplastron</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy"po*stome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Hy*pos"to*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>hypostoma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/

mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lower lip of

trilobites, crustaceans, etc.</def>



<hw>Hy*pos"tro*phe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn round or back; <?/ under + <?/ to

turn.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of a

patient turning himself.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A relapse, or

return of a disease.</def>



<-- p. 722 -->



<hw>Hy"po*style</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

resting on pillars; <?/ under + <?/ a pillar.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Resting upon columns; constructed by

means of columns; -- especially applied to the great hall at

Karnak.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*sul"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hyposulphuric acid.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*sul"phite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A salt of what was formerly

called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salt of hyposulphurous

acid proper.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*sul*phur"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>sulphuric</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in

a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds;

<as>as, <ex>hyposulphuric</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hyposulphuric acid</col>, <cd>an acid,

<chform>H2S2O6</chform>, obtained by the action of manganese

dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution

and in its salts; -- called also <altname>dithionic

acid</altname>. See <er>Dithionic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Hy`po*sul"phur*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>sulphurous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur,

all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation.</def>



<cs><col>Hyposulphurous acid</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>Thiosulphuric acid. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>An acid, <chform>H2SO2</chform>, obtained by the reduction of

sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an

orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and

bleaching agent. Called also <altname>hydrosulphurous

acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*tar"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hypotarsi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See

<er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Tarsus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of

many birds; the calcaneal process.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Hy`po*tar"sal</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy*pot"e*nuse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy*poth"e*nuse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>hypotenusa</ets>, Gr. <?/, prob., subtending (sc.

<?/), fr. <?/ to stretch under, subtend; <?/ under + <?/ to

stretch. See <er>Subtend</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The

side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right

angle.</def>



<hw>Hy*poth"ec</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>hypoth\'8aque</ets>. See <er>Hypotheca</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Scot. Law)</fld> <def>A landlord's right, independently of

stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and

crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a thing subject to some obligation, fr. <?/ to put

under, put down, pledge. See <er>Hypothesis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>An obligation by which property of a

debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his

debt.</def>



<note><hand/ It differed from pledge in regard to possession of

the property subject to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple

hypotheca not requiring, possession of it by the creditor. The

modern mortgage corresponds very closely with it.</note>



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>Hy*poth"e*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Hypothecated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Hypothecating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>hypothecatus</ets>,

p.p. of <ets>hypothecare</ets> to pledge, fr. L.

<ets>hypotheca</ets> pledge, security. See

<er>Hypotheca</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To subject, as

property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery

of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of

possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to

make a contract by bottomry. See <er>Hypothecation</er>,

<er>Bottomry</er>.</def>



<q>He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in

arrear. He had no power to <qex>hypothecate</qex> any part of the

public revenue. Those who lent him money lent it on no security

but his bare word.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Hy*poth`e*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>hypothecatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld>

<def>The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a

right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor,

in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price

appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the

thing, or <xex>jus in re</xex>.</def>



<au>Pothier. B. R. Curtis.</au>



<q>There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an

<qex>hypothecation</qex>, in the strict sense of the Roman law,

exists; that is a pledge without possession by the pledgee.</q>

<qau>Story.</qau>



<note><hand/ In the modern civil law, this contract has no

application to movable property, not even to ships, to which and

their cargoes it is most frequently applied in England and

America. See <er>Hypothecate</er>.</note>



<au>B. R. Curtis. Domat.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law of Shipping)</fld> <def>A contract whereby,

in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the

ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its

repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually

effected by a bottomry bond. See <er>Bottomry</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ This term is often applied to mortgages of

ships.</note>



<hw>Hy*poth"e*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who hypothecates or pledges anything as

security for the repayment of money borrowed.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy*poth"e*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy*poth"e*nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>thenar</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the prominent part of

the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a

corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; <as>as, the

<ex>hypothenar</ex> eminence</as>.</def>



<hw>Hy*poth"e*nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The hypothenar eminence.</def>



<hw>Hy*poth`e*nu"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to hypothenuse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Hy*poth"e*nuse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Hypotenuse</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy*poth"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Hypotheses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

foundation, supposition, fr. <?/ to place under, <?/ under + <?/

to put. See <er>Hypo-</er>, <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed

or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference

for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but

assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or

an occurrence; <as>as, the <ex>hypothesis</ex> that head winds

detain an overdue steamer</as>.</def>



<q>An <qex>hypothesis</qex> being a mere supposition, there are

no other limits to <qex>hypotheses</qex> than those of the human

imagination.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Natural Science)</fld> <def>A tentative theory

or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts,

and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently

called a <xex>working hypothesis</xex>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Supposition; assumption. See <er>Theory</er>.</syn>



<cs><col>Nebular hypothesis</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Nebular</er>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hy`po*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hy`po*thet"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>hypotheticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>hypoth\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by, or of

the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof,

for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting

for some fact or phenomenon.</def>



<q>Causes <qex>hypothetical</qex> at least, if not real, for the

various phenomena of the existence of which our experience

informs us.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<cs><col>Hypothetical baptism</col> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld>,

<cd>baptism administered to persons in respect to whom it is

doubtful whether they have or have not been baptized

before.</cd></cs>



<au>Hook.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Hy*poth"e*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

proposes or supports an hypothesis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*tra*che"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ neck.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gorgerin</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy*pot"ri*cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/. <?/, a hair.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ciliated Infusoria in

which the cilia cover only the under side of the body.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*tro"choid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>trochoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>

<def>A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius

produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a

fixed circle. See <er>Hypocycloid</er>, <er>Epicycloid</er>, and

<er>Trochoid</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy`po*ty*po"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to sketch out; <?/ under + <?/ to

impress.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A vivid, picturesque

description of scenes or events.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*xan"thin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>xanthin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely

related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the

animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; -- called also

<altname>sarcin</altname>, <altname>sarkin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Hy`po*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic

remains.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<hw>Hyp"pish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Hyp</er>.]</ety> <def>Affected with hypochondria;

hypped.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hyppish</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Hyp"po*griff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Hyppogriff</er>.</def>



<hw>Hyp"si*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<UPSILON/, the Greek letter called \'bdupsilon\'b8 +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling the

Greek letter <UPSILON/ in form; hyoid.</def>



<hw>Hyp*som"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

height + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An

instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric

pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the

boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a

lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the

temperature of ebullition.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hyp`so*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Hyp`so*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to hypsometry.</def>



<hw>Hyp*som"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the

measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the

sea level, or relatively.</def>



<hw>Hy*pu"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Under the tail; -- applied to the bones which support the

caudal fin rays in most fishes.</def>



<hw>Hy"ra*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Hyracoidea.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

Hyracoidea.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Hyr`a*coi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Hyrax</er>, and <er>oid</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of small hoofed mammals,

comprising the single living genus <spn>Hyrax</spn>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hy"rax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ shrew mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any animal

of the genus <spn>Hyrax</spn>, of which about four species are

known. They constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known

species are the daman (<spn>H. Syriacus</spn>) of Palestine, and

the klipdas (<spn>H. capensis</spn>) of South Africa. Other

species are <spn>H. arboreus</spn> and <spn>H. Sylvestris</spn>,

the former from Southern, and the latter from Western, Africa.

See <er>Daman</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hyr*ca"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hyr"can</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

Hyrcania, an ancient country or province of Asia, southeast of

the Caspian (which was also called the Hyracanian) Sea.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>Hyrcan</xex> tiger.\'b8  \'bd<xex>Hyracanian</xex>

deserts.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Hyrse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>hirse</ets>, OHG. <ets>hirsi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Millet.</def>



<hw>Hyrst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wood. See

<er>Hurst</er>.</def>



<hw>Hy"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chin.

<ets>hi-tshun</ets>, lit., first crop, or blooming spring.]</ety>

<def>A fragrant kind of green tea.</def>



<cs><col>Hyson skin</col>, <cd>the light and inferior leaves

separated from the hyson by a winnowing machine.</cd></cs>



<au>M'Culloch.</au>



<hw>Hys"sop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>hysope</ets>, <ets>ysope</ets>, OF. <ets>ysope</ets>, F.

<ets>hysope</ets>, <ets>hyssope</ets>, L. <ets>hysopum</ets>,

<ets>hyssopum</ets>, <ets>hyssopus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, an

aromatic plant, fr. Heb. <ets><emac/sov</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

plant (<spn>Hyssopus officinalis</spn>). The leaves have an

aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste.</def>



<note><hand/ The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species

of caper (<spn>Capparis spinosa</spn>), but probably the name was

used for several different plants.</note>



<hw>Hys`ter*an"thous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ after + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the

leaves expand after the flowers have opened.</def>



<au>Henslow.</au>



<hw>\'d8Hys`te*re"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ to be behind, to lag.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld>

<def>A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces

acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal

friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition

previously invuced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity,

etc., on reversal of polarity.</def>



<hw>Hys*te"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.: cf.

F. <ets>hyst\'82rie</ets>. See <er>Hysteric</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A nervous affection, occurring almost

exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex

excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly

diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions,

becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into

paroxism or fits.</def>



<note><hand/ The chief symptoms are convulsive, tossing movements

of the limbs and head, uncontrollable crying and laughing, and a

choking sensation as if a ball were lodged in the throat. The

affection presents the most varied symptoms, often simulating

those of the gravest diseases, but generally curable by mental

treatment alone.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Hys*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Hys*ter"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>hystericus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the womb; perh. akin to

<?/ latter, later, and E. <ets>utter</ets>,

<ets>out</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hysteria;

affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful.</def>



<q>With no <qex>hysteric</qex> weakness or feverish excitement,

they preserved their peace and patience.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<hw>Hys*ter"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hysteria.</def>



<hw>Hys`ter*o*ep"i*lep`sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hysteria</ets> + <ets>epilepsy</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease resembling hysteria in its

nature, and characterized by the occurrence of epileptiform

convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited by pressure

on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hys`ter*o*ep`i*lep"tic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hys`ter*o*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hyste</ets>ria + root of Gr. <?/ to be born.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing hysteria; <as>as, the

<ex>hysterogenic</ex>pressure points on the surface of the body,

pressure upon which is said both to produce and arrest an attack

of hysteria</as>.</def>



<au>De Watteville.</au>



<hw>Hys`ter*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ the latter + <?/ discourse: cf. F.

<ets>hyst\'82rologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A

figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in

expression, and the last put first; -- called also

<altname>hysteron proteron</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ the latter, following + <?/ before, others,

sooner.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A figure in

which the natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology;

<as>as, <ex>valet atque vivit</ex>, \'bdhe is well and

lives</as>.\'b8</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An inversion of logical

order, in which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the

thing proved before the evidence.</def>



<hw>Hys*ter"o*phyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/  following + <?/ plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic

matter.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hys`ter*oph"y*tal</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Hys`ter*ot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ womb + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>hyst\'82rotomie</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The C\'91sarean section. See under

<er>C\'91sarean</er>.</def>



<hw>Hys"tri*cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Hystrix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or

pertaining to the porcupines.</def>



<hw>Hys`tri*co*mor"phous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Hystrix</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or allied to, the porcupines; --

said of a group (<spn>Hystricomorpha</spn>) of rodents.</def>



<hw>Hys"trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

porcupine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of rodents,

including the porcupine.</def>



<hw>Hythe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small haven.

See <er>Hithe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<-- p. 723 -->



