The Project Gutenberg eBook of Spruce Tree House Trail Guide, by Anonymous
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
at
www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Spruce Tree House Trail Guide
Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado
Author: Anonymous
Release Date: July 17, 2021 [eBook #65858]
Language: English
Character set encoding: UTF-8
Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPRUCE TREE HOUSE TRAIL GUIDE ***
Spruce Tree House
TRAIL GUIDE
MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK, COLORADO
10¢
i
* * * * * * * *
This guide booklet has been prepared to help you enjoy one
of the larger cliff dwellings in Mesa Verde National Park.
The numbered stations along the front of the dwelling are
points of interest which are explained by the numbered paragraphs
and illustrations in this booklet.
You are welcome to use this booklet. Please place it in
the box at the other end of the ruin as you leave. If you wish
to purchase the booklet, please drop 10 cents in the coin box.
Please do not climb or stand on the walls or crawl through any of the doorways.
* * * * * * * *
COVER: North end of Spruce Tree House.
1
Spruce Tree House from the south end.
SPRUCE TREE HOUSE
Station 1.
Spruce Tree House is the third largest cliff
dwelling in Mesa Verde National Park. It is built in a natural
cave 216 feet in length, 89 feet in greatest depth, and 60 feet
in greatest height. The complete dwelling contained about
114 rooms. Most of these were living rooms, but there were
many storerooms and 8 ceremonial rooms. It is thought that
between 200 and 250 people may have lived in this cliff house
at one time. It was occupied from about A.D. 1200 to, or
shortly before, A.D. 1300.
2
The First Court
Station 2.
Spruce Tree House is typical of the larger
cliff dwellings found in the Mesa Verde. It consists of several
groups or blocks of rooms around open courts. Within each
court is an underground ceremonial room called a kiva (Key-vah).
Originally, there were flat roofs on these kivas. These
roofs formed the courtyard floor and provided work space for
daily activities. The rooms around the court were used primarily
for sleeping and storage and for shelter against the
cold of winter.
The rooms are generally small, averaging 6 by 8 feet and
5½ feet high. Floors and roofs of the second and third stories
were made of large poles covered with smaller sticks, then
bark or grass, and a thick layer of clay. A few of the rooms
had fireplaces but most were without interior light or heat.
Probably one family occupied a room.
Compare the picture of the First Court with the dwelling
to locate the following:
A. These are unshaped building stones. Most of the
3
building blocks used in the dwelling were carefully shaped
by the Indians before they were set in place. The walls were
built of stone with adobe clay as mortar, much as we would
build with brick. When a wall was finished, it was often
coated with a layer of clay plaster.
B. These were storage rooms.
C. Each room had individual doorways such as these.
D. Some rooms had ventilation openings or “windows”
like this one.
Station 3.
In the corner of the court to your left are corn
grinding bins. Women knelt with their heels against the wall
and ground corn, dried nuts, berries and roots on the large
flat stone, the metate, with the small hand stone, the mano.
The circular room directly ahead of you is one of two found
in this dwelling. Circular rooms were not common but they
have been found in several ruins.
The Second Court. Main street section.
Note the passageway or “street” which provided access to
rooms at the back of the cave in this part of the dwelling.
4
Ground plan of a kiva.
- Sipapu
- Pilasters
- Banquette
- Firepit
- Deflector
- Ventilator Shaft
Step into the courtyard and look into the kiva. The name
kiva is a modern Hopi Indian word meaning ceremonial room.
Judging by present day Pueblo Indian custom, generally only
men would be members of kiva societies which performed
religious ceremonies for bringing rain, good crops and general
well-being to the village. Women undoubtedly assisted in some
ceremonies. When no rituals were being held, the kiva probably
was used as a clubroom and workroom by men.
The ventilator shaft brought fresh air into the kiva. The
deflector was a baffle to keep the air from blowing directly
across the firepit in the floor. The fire provided light and
warmth. The sipapu (see-pah-pooh) was a symbolic opening
5
from the underworld of the gods and spirits. The bench, or
banquette, was a shelf or storage space. The pilasters, of which
there are generally six, were roof supports. Entrance to the kiva
was by means of a ladder through a hatchway in the roof.
If you want to go into a kiva, climb down the ladder in front
of the next courtyard. Notice the cribbed roof. This is a restoration
copied from originals found in place in other ruins.
Station 4.
Behind the rooms in this part of the dwelling
is a large enclosed area which was used as a trash room. The
villagers also kept some of their domesticated turkeys penned
up in it. The main village trash dump was the talus slope on
which you are now standing.
The black stain on the cave roof is smoke.
Notice the wall decorations on the second floor room to the
left. It was made by plastering colored clay on the walls.
Many rooms were once decorated inside like this one.
The Third Court
6
Ground plan of Spruce Tree House
- Refuse Room
- Kiva (8)
- Refuse Area
7
Spruce Tree House about A.D. 1260. (Museum diorama)
Station 5.
Spruce Tree House 700 years ago was a thriving
village. If you could have visited it you would have seen
women busily cooking over firepits in the courtyards, others
grinding corn, weaving baskets or making pottery. Men who
were not tending their mesa-top fields might have been building
a new room, making or mending their tools or performing
an age-old ceremony in one of the kivas. You would have seen
children playing and old people resting against the low wall
across the front of the dwelling as they basked in the warm
sun dreaming of their younger days. There would also be dogs
and turkeys wandering through the village and picking over
the trash dump for bits to eat. Unfortunately, this all came to
an end shortly before A.D. 1300.
8
Compare the illustration with the dwelling to locate the following:
A. These are doorways. Some are T-shaped, some are rectangular,
but we don’t know why the two types. Notice that some of the doorways
were closed with stone slabs.
B. These original timbers supported a balcony as well as the floors
in the rooms. Balconies made it easy to get into the upper rooms.
Balconies and rooftops were reached by ladders.
9
C. Most of the cooking was done outside in the courtyards over
firepits like this one. Very few of the rooms had firepits in them.
D. This was a storage bin made of sandstone slabs.
E. The courtyard was the scene of most of the daily activities—grinding
corn, preparing food, making tools, pottery, etc.
F. The ladders lead to kivas beneath the courtyard. These ladders
and kiva roofs have been restored.
10
Spruce Tree House from the north end
Station 6.
The cliff dwelling was named Spruce Tree
House by the ranchers who first discovered it in 1888. A large
tree which they misidentified as a spruce tree was found growing
against the cliff right in front of the dwelling. It is said
that the men first entered the ruin by climbing down this tree.
This is a good place to take a picture.
IF YOU HAVE NOT PURCHASED THIS
BOOKLET PLEASE LEAVE IT IN THE BOX
BY THE TRAIL AS YOU LEAVE.
IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO KEEP IT, PLEASE
DROP 10 CENTS IN THE COIN BOX.
Thank you.
11
GENERAL INFORMATION
Spruce Tree House is the third largest cliff dwelling in
Mesa Verde National Park. It is located in Spruce Tree
Canyon, a branch of the much larger Navajo Canyon. The
cave, which is really a very large overhang, was formed by
flaking or spalling of the cliff above a small seep-spring, and
by freezing and thawing during the winter. There is no evidence
that the Indians tried to shape or enlarge the caves; to do
so would have been a tremendous task with their primitive tools.
Spruce Tree House was an Indian village and, like towns
and villages today, it was not all built at one time; rather, it
grew section by section over a period of years. Sometime
around A.D. 1200 a group of Indians—perhaps related families—moved
into the cave and built the first units. Each
unit consisted of living and storage rooms clustered about an
open court which contained a kiva. The courtyard and kiva
probably served as a center for the social and religious activities
of the group. New units were added to the structure as
other families moved into the village. When people needed
more space, they added new rooms alongside, in front, in
back, or on top of the existing rooms. Shortly before A.D. 1300
when the Indians finally abandoned Spruce Tree House, the
village contained 114 rooms.
The ground plan on Page 6 shows the arrangement of the
rooms. Most of these were in double rows within the cave;
in some places there were three rows. The interior rooms,
dark and poorly ventilated, were probably used for storage.
The central portion of the structure was built three stories
high and reached the cave ceiling; most of the buildings,
however, were only two stories in height.
To us these small rooms seem cramped, cold, and dark—quite
unsuitable as living spaces. But these people probably
spent little time inside the rooms, using them mainly for protection
against the cold, for sleeping, and for storage. Most
of the time they were probably out in the courtyards or on the
flat rooftops working or carrying on other daily activities.
12
It is unlikely that all 114 rooms in Spruce Tree House
were in use at the same time. New rooms were built as older
ones fell into decay; smaller rooms were probably vacated
for larger ones as the number of villagers increased. A conservative
guess sets 200 to 250 as the largest number of people
who lived in Spruce Tree House at any one time.
The Indians of the Mesa Verde, like their neighbors in
the surrounding areas, were dry-farmers—depending upon
rainfall to water their crops. In the fields on the mesa tops
they grew corn, beans and several varieties of squash. The rainfall
probably averaged about 18 inches a year, just as it does
now, which is more than sufficient for dry-farming. The Indians
supplemented their diet with wild roots, nuts and berries as
well as with meat from large and small game animals.
The period of the cliff dwellings is known as the Classic
Period and marks the climax of Pueblo culture in this region.
The Mesa Verde people made beautiful pottery and decorated
it elaborately with geometric and animal figures in
black on a white or light-gray background. They also made
cotton cloth which they often decorated with colored designs.
Their masonry was of exceptional quality with the building
blocks beautifully shaped and carefully laid in clay mortar.
The Classic Period came to an end shortly before A.D. 1300
when the Indians abandoned their homes in the Mesa Verde
and moved away. We can only guess the reasons for such a
move. One suggestion is that the great drouth, which lasted
from A.D. 1276 to A.D. 1299, caused them to leave. Another
suggestion is that this was a period of strife either between
the villages themselves or between these village people and
nomadic groups moving into the area. Whatever the reasons,
the cliff dwellings of the Mesa Verde were empty by A.D. 1300.
It was a rancher from Mancos, named Richard Wetherill,
who first discovered Spruce Tree House—on December 18,
1888. He and his brother-in-law, Charley Mason, also discovered
Cliff Palace that same day. The men had been looking
for lost cattle when they first saw the cliff ruins.
13
Spruce Tree ruin before excavation.
And the ruin after excavation and stabilization.
14
In 1906 Mesa Verde was set aside as a National Park by
Act of Congress to protect and preserve these dwellings of
the prehistoric Indians. In 1908 Dr. Jesse Walter Fewkes
of the Smithsonian Institution excavated Spruce Tree House.
He removed the debris of fallen walls and collapsed roofs
and stabilized the dwellings more or less as you see them now.
It has been necessary, of course, to further stabilize the walls
from time to time, but aside from minor repairs and the
roofing of the three kivas, the dwelling is original work done
by the Indians some 700 to 800 years ago.
The dating of Spruce Tree House and other ruins in the
Mesa Verde has been done by the study of tree-rings from
original roofing timbers. If you are interested in how archæologists
determine the dates, see the exhibit on tree-ring dating
in the museum.
This trail guide booklet is not a government publication
and is not included in your fee to enter Mesa Verde National
Park. It is published and sold by the Mesa Verde Museum
Association, a non-profit organization, whose aims are to help
in the understanding and interpretation of the park story.
Your comments and suggestions concerning this booklet will
be appreciated.
CONSERVATION—YOU CAN HELP
If you are interested in the work of the National Park
Service, and in the cause of conservation in general, you can
give active expression of this interest, and lend support by
alining yourself with one of the numerous conservation
organizations which act as spokesman for those who wish our
scenic and historic heritage to be kept unimpaired “for the
enjoyment of future generations.”
Names and addresses of conservation organizations may be
obtained at the Information Desk.
15
MISSION 66
MISSION 66 is a 10 year development program, now in
progress, to enable the National Park Service to help you to
enjoy and to understand the parks and monuments, and at
the same time, to preserve their scenic and scientific values
for your children and for future generations.
PUBLICATIONS OF MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK
The books and cards described below are published by the Mesa Verde
Museum Association, a non-profit organization. All proceeds are used
to further research and interpretation in the Mesa Verde. You can purchase
these items at the sales or information desks in the Museum lobby
or order them from the association, Box 38, Mesa Verde National Park,
Colorado. On mail orders, please include 10 cents postage for each
publication.
INDIANS OF THE MESA VERDE, by Don Watson
This 188 page book with 17 pages of pictures deals with the
customs, ceremonies and daily lives of the Indians who lived
in the cliff dwellings. The origin of the American Indian and
the archeology of the Mesa Verde are also explained.
$1.00
CLIFF DWELLINGS OF THE MESA VERDE, by Don Watson
This 9 × 12 inch, 52 page picture book of the Mesa Verde
ruins deals with the discovery of the cliff dwellings, their
early exploration, architectural details and the reasons why
they were built. You can buy the two books described above
as a set for $1.75.
$1.00
THE MESA VERDE STORY, as told by the Mesa Verde
Museum Dioramas.
Large color prints of the five dioramas which picture the development
of the Mesa Verde people. Complete descriptive
text on the back of each card. The Fifth Diorama is a scale
model of Spruce Tree House.
$ .50
16
OTHER PUBLICATIONS SOLD BY THE
MESA VERDE MUSEUM ASSOCIATION
The Mesa Verde Museum Association
offers a number of publications for
sale which deal with the archeology,
ethnology and natural history of the
Four Corners region and the Southwest,
as well as selected children’s books. A
descriptive list of publications may be
obtained at the museum desk or by
writing the association.
This booklet is published by the
MESA VERDE MUSEUM ASSOCIATION
Published in cooperation with
The National Park Service
Transcriber’s Notes
- Silently corrected a few typos.
- Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.
- In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPRUCE TREE HOUSE TRAIL GUIDE ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very
easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation
of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project
Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may
do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected
by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark
license, especially commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person
or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual
works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting
free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily
comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when
you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country other than the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear
prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work
on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed,
performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
at
www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws
of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works
posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format
other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:
• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has
agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™
works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than
are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right
of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.
The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,
Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread
public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state
visit
www.gutenberg.org/donate.
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.
Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility:
www.gutenberg.org.
This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.