The Project Gutenberg EBook of Saratoga National Historical Park Junior Ranger Program, by William Valosin This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: Saratoga National Historical Park Junior Ranger Program Author: William Valosin Release Date: September 18, 2019 [EBook #60317] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARATOGA NAT. HIST. PARK JR RANGER PROGRAM *** Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
Saratoga National Historical Park
648 Route 32 • Stillwater, New York 12170
518-664-9821 • www.nps.gov/sara
sara_info@nps. gov
Directions:
Saratoga National Historical Park is located 40 miles north of Albany, the state capital, and some 15 miles southeast of Saratoga Springs. The principal exit (#12) off the Northway (I-87) is clearly signed for the Park.
To the Parent/Adult: This Junior Ranger program is designed for students grade 3-6, but may be used by other ages as well. It is hoped that the activities here will help our younger visitors better enjoy, understand and appreciate our park and its resources. Our Junior Ranger program was designed with our Tour Road in mind, but it can be enjoyed without driving through the Battlefield.
To the Junior Ranger: When you receive this booklet, choose and complete three (grades 3-4) or four (grades 5-6) activities in the booklet. Yes, you can get help from someone in your group, or one of our Rangers, and yes, you could do more activities. Once you have completed your activities, have an adult with your group check your work. Once you’ve done that, CONGRATULATIONS! You’ve qualified as a Saratoga National Historical Park Junior Ranger. You will have received a Junior Ranger badge with this booklet.
What? No checking in with a Park Ranger afterward? That’s right. You see, our program works on the honor system. That means we’re trusting that you, in receiving this booklet, will do your best to meet the requirements for becoming a Junior Ranger. The public is trusting us to take care of this park. We’re trusting you to help us by learning more about what’s here.
Have fun, and good luck!
The War for American Independence, or American Revolution (1775-1783), was probably one of our country’s most difficult conflicts. Great Britain was a very powerful nation. It had many advantages over its rebelling colonies.
This new American independence suffered many problems during all eight years of the war. In 1777, however, a British Army invading from Canada heading south into New York was defeated by American troops in Stillwater and forced to surrender at Saratoga—now Schuylerville, NY. This surrender was important both in strengthening the American Spirit and in getting other countries to recognize and help the new American nation.
Saratoga National Historical Park commemorates the campaign and battles in which this American army was victorious over British forces. We also preserve and protect the areas where these events happened. This Junior Ranger Book has puzzles and activities to help you understand all of this: the historic grounds we protect and the people, events and time of the Saratoga Campaign.
Enjoy your Visit!
Go on a scavenger hunt through the Park. Look for the items listed below and draw a picture of each as you find it. See how many you can find.
Remember: leave everything where you find it!
Armies in the 1700’s were not always welcomed by people in the areas they marched through, as these armies often took food and other items from civilians. Sometimes they paid for these supplies, sometimes they did not. Sometimes, they might only promise to pay. Here in America, even if the soldiers paid for supplies, it might be with Continental money, which wasn’t often accepted by everyone.
When soldiers were officially ordered by their army to collect what was needed, it was called requisitioning [“reh-kwi-zi-shen-ing”] When soldiers took items without permission, it was called theft (stealing). Civilians usually felt it was theft, whether the soldiers had the army’s permission or not.
Soldiers’ wives and even families sometimes followed the armies. These “camp followers” were often forced to forage—look around for whatever supplies they could find—without permission, as the armies did not give them everything they might need. For them, it was a matter of survival.
Polly Sloat is a soldier’s wife who has helped herself to goods at Farmer Edgar’s home. Farmer Edgar has complained to an officer. Polly is crafty, though, and has hidden the items she took. Can you find them in the picture on the next page? As a hint, here is a list of the items she took. You may want to cross off each item as you find it in the picture.
Armies in the 18th Century built fortifications to make it more difficult for their enemies to attack them. At the Saratoga Battlefield, the Americans and British constructed fortifications to protect their camps.
Obstacles would be placed outside the fortifications. Sometimes they would be made by boring (drilling) holes through logs and putting pointed poles through the holes. These were called chevaux de fris (pronounced “shuh-vo-duh-free”). A quicker obstacle could be made by cutting down trees and sharpening a tangle of branches. This was called abatis (pronounced “ah-bah-tee”); it was used a great deal at our battlefield. When placed properly, these obstacles could force an enemy to attack in directions where they could not sneak up on the defender—and where the defenders were waiting for them.
Caleb, a member of a local militia regiment, has been outside the American fortifications on Bemis Heights, cutting brush for firewood. It’s getting dark and he needs help finding his way back without encountering obstacles or guards who might shoot him by accident.
Draw a line through the maze from where Caleb is now (lower left corner of the maze: he’s got the bundle of sticks on his shoulder) to the safety of the redoubt (pronounced “re-dowt”), the zig-zag wooden wall.
abatis
redoubt
chevaux de fris
Scouts were very important throughout the War for American Independence. They provided valuable information about the enemy army and what it was doing. Knowing the enemy’s position, its strengths and its weaknesses, helped commanders decide what the actions of their own troops should be.
At the time of the Battles of Freeman’s Farm and Bemis Heights, General Burgoyne’s army had lost most of the troops who could be effective scouts. Most of the Canadian and American Indians with his army had returned home to Canada and elsewhere, and many Americans loyal to England had been killed or captured at Walloomscoic (pronounced “wall-oom-sick”, also known as the Battle of Bennington). The American Army, with a battalion of rifle troops drawn from Virginia and Pennsylvania rifle regiments, enjoyed a slight advantage. Also, warriors from the Oneida [“Own-eye-da”] and Tuscarora [“Tusk-a-ror-a”] nations (two of the six making up the Iroquois [“Ear-o-coy”] Confederacy) assisted the American Army.
Now, you have been selected as a scout for the American Army. You have crept near a British patrol. Study the picture on the next page for one minute, then answer as many of the following questions as you can.
One of the ways visitors learn about important or interesting parts of a National Park is by reading signs. What a sign says, where it is placed, and what it looks like are important to consider. Based on what you’ve seen during your visit to Saratoga National Historical Park, think up a sign to describe something here you think is important, and create your sign below. It will help you to remember your trip here! Don’t forget to put the National Park Service “arrowhead” on the sign.
Blank signpost
Every National Park is special and unique. Each has natural resources (like plants, trees, birds, insects, fish, land) and cultural resources (such as very old homes, factories, battlefields, forts, roads, or even ancient dwellings). The National Park Service works to preserve these resources, and to help visitors learn about and appreciate them.
To help us in our mission, the National Park Service uses a system of abbreviations, sort of like codes, for park names. The “code name” generally uses the first four letters of the park name. For Saratoga National Historical Park, the abbreviation is SARA. Morristown National Historical Park, in New Jersey, is MORR. Parks with more than one name generally use the first two letters of the first two words in the park name. Fort Stanwix National Monument, in Rome, NY, becomes FOST. There are exceptions: Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico is CAVE.
How many can you figure out? For added fun, see if you can find each of these on a map of the United States. You can learn more about each park on the National Park Service web site, www.nps.gov, at home, at school, or in your local library!
(answers are at the bottom of the page)
Special thanks to the Friends of Saratoga Battlefield, whose enthusiasm and support made our Junior Ranger program possible!
design/layout: William Valosin, Park Ranger
activities and artwork: Joe Craig, Eric Schnitzer, William Valosin, Park Rangers
updated July 2007
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Saratoga National Historical Park
Junior Ranger Program, by William Valosin
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARATOGA NAT. HIST. PARK JR RANGER PROGRAM ***
***** This file should be named 60317-h.htm or 60317-h.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/3/1/60317/
Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will
be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive
specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook
for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,
performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given
away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks
not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the
trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the
person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph
1.E.8.
1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the
Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual
works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting
free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily
comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when
you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country outside the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear
prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work
on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,
performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you
are located before using this ebook.
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works
posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format
other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain
Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
provided that
* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has
agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation."
* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm
works.
* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
receipt of the work.
* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than
are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The
Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the
mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its
volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous
locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt
Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to
date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and
official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
For additional contact information:
Dr. Gregory B. Newby
Chief Executive and Director
gbnewby@pglaf.org
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.
Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org
This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.