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Title: A Middle English Vocabulary
       Designed for use with SISAM'S Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose

Author: John Ronald Reuel Tolkien

Release Date: September 15, 2013 [EBook #43737]

Language: English

Character set encoding: UTF-8

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A MIDDLE ENGLISH VOCABULARY ***




Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, David Edwards and the Online
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BY

J. R. R. TOLKIEN

Designed for use with

SISAM'S Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose

OXFORD

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

M DCCCC XXII

Printed in England

A, pron. he, XIII a 27, 47, 48; they, XIII a 13, b 22, 36, 39, 61, 64, 66. [Unaccented form of ME. ha. See Hare, Ham.]

A, v. inf. have, I 127. [Reduced unaccented form of haue; see Habbe(n).]

A(n), adj. one, IV b 34; indef. art. a(n), I 22, VIII b 7, &c. See Ane, On(e).

A(n), prep. on, in, &c. II 137, III introd., 22, VIII a 43, XIII a 11, b 19, 34, &c.; a blode, with blood, XV g 16; a nyghtes, at night (OE. on niht, nihtes), VIII b 16; a þre, in three, XIII b 49 (see Ato, Atwynne); a Goddes half, for God's sake, XII b 80. [Weakened form of On, q.v.; an in III is possibly dialectal; a is used only before following consonant.] See Ane.

Abandoune, v. to abandon, resign, X 50. [OFr. abandouner.]

Abasshed, pp. perturbed, XVI 177 (note to XVI 59). [AFr. abaiss-; OFr. e(s)bair, e(s)baiss-.]

Abate, v. to lessen, XIV b 19; reduce, VIII a 209 (imper. sg.); intr. XVII 445; Abatid (of), pp. ceased, VII 104. [OFr. abatre.]

Abedde, adv. in bed, XII a 141. [OE. on bedde.] See Bedd(e).

Abhomynable, adj. abominable, XI b 90. [OFr. abominable.]

Abide, Abyde, Habide, v. (i) intr. to wait, remain, stay, II 84, IX 197, XVII 531; tarry, II 348; imper. wait!, V 149; halt!, XVI 213; (ii) trans. to await, XVII 334; withstand, endure, XIV b 31; Abode, pa. t. XIV c 68, XVII 373; Abyde, pp. in ys abyde, has survived, XIII b 50. [OE. ā-bīdan.] See Bide.

Abite, n. outward appearance, XI b 99. [OFr. (h)abit.]

Able, adj. able, VI 239, XI b 92. [OFr. (h)able.] See Vnable.

Abone, adv. above, XVII 146. See Aboue(n).

Abosted, pa. t. sg. threatened boastfully, VIII a 148. [ME. a- + Boste, q.v.]

Aboue(n), Abovin, Abuf, adv. above, overhead, on top, V 149, VII 105, 135, IX 56, X 61; on the surface, VII 160; prep. above, higher than, XI b 182, XVII 83; quasi-sb. in be at here aboue, get the upper hand of them, XIII a 61. [OE. *on-bufan, abufan.] See Abone.

Aboueseyd, adj. aforesaid, IX 307. [Prec. + pp. of Seie.]

Aboute(n), Abowte, Obout (XIV a), (i) adv. about, round, on all sides, here and there, to and fro, I 233, V 165, VIII a 297, XI b 270, XII a 143, b 117, XIV a 15, XV i 3, XVII 303, 351, &c.; round about, VII 83, &c.; round it, II 359; al aboute round, all round about, XII a 79; (ii) prep. about, round, &c. (often following n. or pron.), I 54, II 274, 284, V 95, XIV b 68, &c.; on, XI b 236; in, XI b 293, 296; about al, in all directions, II 387; aboute with for to (vnbynde), XVI 7. [OE. onbūtan, ābūtan.]

Abrod, adv. out wide, XII a 176. [OE. on + brād.]

Abuf. See Aboue.

Abugge, v. to pay for (it), VIII a 75, 159. [OE. ā-bycgan.] See Bigge.

Ac, conj. but, II 56, III 34, VIII 67, &c. [OE. ac.]

Acheue, v. achieve, VI 115. [OFr. achever.] See Cheue.

Accordandly, adv. accordingly, IV b 33. [From pres. p. of Acorde.]

Acord(e), Accord, n. agreement, VI 149, XI a 32; concurrence, united will, XVII 30; made acorde of care and me, associated me with, caused me to know, care, VI 11. [OFr. acord(e).]

Acorde(n), v. trans. to reconcile, V 337; to acorde me with, to associate myself with, V 312; intr. agree, XI b 128, XII b 145, XIII b 52. [OFr. acorder.] See Corden.

Acountes, n. pl. settlement of accounts, VIII a 83. [OFr. acont, acunt.]

Acsede. See Axe(n).

Actif, Actyf, adj. active, VIII a 245, XI b 74, 102. [OFr. actif.]

Aday, adv. in dyne aday, eat at (mid-day) meal, VIII a 303. [OE. on dæge, by day.]

Ademand, n. loadstone (magnetic iron ore), IX 123, 125, &c. [OFr. adema(u)nt, L. adamantem (acc.), properly 'diamond'. The application to 'loadstone' was due to false association with L. ad-amāre. The mediaeval 'adamant' in consequence often combined the properties of diamond and loadstone.] See Dyamand.

Admytte, v. to admit, XVII 551. [L. admittere.]

Adoun, Adown, adv. down, II 223, 435, VIII a 31, &c. [OE. of-dūne, adūne.] See Doun(e).

Adrad, pp. afraid, XII b 133; Adred, XVII 201. [OE. ofdrǣ̆dd, ofdrē̆dd, pp.] See Drede(n).

Adreynt, pp. drowned, II 397. [OE. ā-drencan, pp. ā-drenct.]

Adresced, pp.; therupon him hath adresced, has fastened himself to it, XII b 85. See Dresse. [OFr. adresser.]

Aduersouris, n. pl. adversaries, X 144. [OFr. adversier with alteration of suffix.]

Afelde, adv. to the fields, VIII a 136, 283. [OE. on felda.] See Feld(e).

Aferd(e), adj. afraid, I 4, 67, 262, VIII a 115, XVII 316, &c. [OE. ā-fǣred.] See Ferde.

Affaite, v. train, tame, VIII a 32 (note). [OFr. afait(i)er.]

Affeccyon, n. affection, (worldly) desire, IV b 52, 71. [L. affectiōn-em through OFr.]

Af(f)erme, v. affirm, IX 77, XI a 50; confirm, IX 305. [OFr. afermer.]

Affie, v. to have (faith in), XVI 29. [OFr. afier.]

Afforces (thame), pres. pl. (refl.) endeavour, IV b 20. [OFr. s'afforcer.]

Affray, n. fear, XII a 142. [OFr. e(s)frai.]

Afine, adv. to the end, II 277. [OFr. a fin.]

Afore, adv. beforehand, XVII 164. [OE. æt-foran.]

Aforth, v. to afford, VIII a 192. [OE. (late) ge-forðian, to manage.]

Afright, pp. Not afright, undeterred, XVII 541. [OE. ā-fyrht.]

After (-ir, -yr, -ur), adv. after, behind, II 378, VII 24, XVI 376, &c.; afterwards, then, VII 46, VIII a 5, &c.; be the whiche ... after, in accordance with which (mixed Fr. and E. constr.), IX 302; prep. after, next to, I 215, XI b 27, &c.; according to, IX 220, 291, XI b 189, &c.; for (after desire, ask, &c.), VII 20, VIII a 291, XV h 5, XVI 242, &c.; conj. after, XVII 148. After þan, afterwards, II 597. [OE. æfter; æfter þā̆m.]

Afterward, Aftyrward(e), &c., adv. afterwards, II 164, IV b 59, XI b 147, &c.; Efterward, III 16, 35, 38, 48. [OE. æfterweard (Kt. efter-).]

Agayn(e), Agane, adv. back, again, IV b 83, XVI 11, XVII 180, 479, &c. See Aȝayn.

Agaynes, prep. against, IV b 18, 19. [Prec. + adv. -es.] See Aȝeines.

Agaynste, prep. against, XVI 280; to loke a., to gaze on, XVI 92. [Extended from prec.]

Agast, pp. afraid, XIV c 51, XVII 184, 297; astonished, XVII 449. [a- + OE. gæsted, afflicted.] See Gastli.

Age, n. age, time of life, VI 52, XII introd.; mature age, IX 22; old age, VII 6, XIV c 106, &c. [OFr. age.]

Ago, pp. gone by, XII a 34. [OE. ā-gān.]

Agrete, adv. collectively, as a body, VI 200. [OE. on + grēat.]

Agreued (for), pp. weighed down (with), V 302; annoyed (by), I 88. [OFr. agrever.]

Aȝayn, adv. again, back, V 53, 257, 332; Aȝe, XIII a 8; Aȝein, Aȝeyn, I 230, VIII a 44, XII a 28, &c.; Aȝen, IX 132; Oȝain, II 141, 162. [OE. ongēn, ongegn.]

Aȝayn, Aȝen, Aȝein, Aye, Oȝain, prep. against, III 58, V 48, IX 19; towards (of time), II 497, XII b 18. [As prec.] See Agayn.

Aȝeines, prep. against, contrary to, VIII a 309, 311, 315; Aȝenes, XIII b 17; Aȝens, I 261, 264, VIII b 78; Aȝenus, XI a 29. [Prec. + adv. -es.] See Agaynes.

Aȝenst, prep. against, IX 92, 315, XI b 43, 46, 97. [Extended from prec.] See Agaynste.

Aȝleȝ, adj. without fear, V 267. [ON. agi + OE. -lēas.] See Awe.

A-hungrye, adj. hungry, XVII 499. [a- + OE. hungrig.]

Ai, Ay, adv. always, ever, IV a 1, 14, VII 18, X 61, XV a 10, 17, &c.; for ay, for ever, XVII 26. [ON. ei.]

Ay, n. fear, in for loue or ay, in any event, II 571. [OE. ege.]

Aye. See Aȝayn.

Ayenbyte, n. remorse. See III introd. [OE. ongēn + bite.]

Ayere, Aire, n. air, IV b 5, VII 107, 110. [OFr. air.]

Aire, n. heir, VIII b 62. [OFr. (h)eir.]

Ays. See Ese.

Aither, Ayþer, Athir, Eyþer, adj. and pron. both, VII 65; either, V 112; eyþer oþer, each other, XIII b 57; athir othir in, one in the other, X 22. [OE. ǣgþer, both; ā(w)þer, either.] See Euþer.

Ayther, Aþer, conj. or, VI 131; ayther ... or, either ... or, XVII 477. [As prec.] See Or²; Oþer, conj.

Aywhere, adv. on all sides, V 113. [OE. ǣghwǣr.]

Aketh, pres. pl. ache, VIII a 253 (see Wombe). [OE. acan.]

Akyng, n. aching, XI b 136.

Al, adj. all, I 120, II 114, III 6, &c.; Alle, I 19, &c.; pl. III 55, &c.; al(l) a(n), a whole, VII 183, VIII a 253, XIII a 32, 44, XIV c 4; al(le) maner(e), all kinds of, II 589, XI a 12 (cf. Alkyn); al(le) þing(e), see Þing; all way, weys, see Alway, Way; all it (þei, we), all of it (them, us), XV g 16, IX 104, XVII 456, &c.; here names of alle, the names of them all, I 37; of al and sum, in general and particular, in full, VI 224; as sb. all, XVI 303, &c.; every one (with sg. verb), VI 87. [OE. al(l).] See Algate, Alkyn, Alsaume, &c.

Al, All(e), adv. entirely, quite, very, I 108, II 76, V 304, VIII a 138, &c.; in comb. with To-, II 81, 106, 262, IV a 78, VII 147; with For-, II 398, XV c 29. Al away, quite away, IV a 75; al one, alone, V 87, XII a 131, b 15; al oon, all one (and the same thing), XI a 41; al to, up to (the number of), III 56; all be (were) it þat, although, IX 50, 171, 302, 312; all if, although, XVII 231. [OE. al(l).]

Al, All(e), n. all, everything, III 43, 51, &c.; about al, in all directions, II 387; ouer al, everywhere, II 208 (OE. ofer all). [OE. al(l).]

Aldai, Al day, adv. all day, V 166, XII introd. [OE. alne dæg.]

Alde. See Olde.

Alepy, adj. (a) single, I 159. [OE. ā̆nlēpig.]

Algate, adv. by all means, at any rate, I 107, II 231. [Cf. ON. alla götu, all along, always.] See Gate, n²

Algatis, adv. continually, XI a 38. [Prec. + adv. -es.]

Aliens, n. pl. foreigners, XIII b 61. [OFr. alien.]

Aliȝt, Alihte, v. to alight, II 377, XII a 76. [OE. ā-lihtan.] See Liȝt, v²

Aliri, adv. ? across one another (of legs), VIII a 116. [? Related to Lyre, n.²]

Alis, v. See Eyleþ.

Alyue, adj. living, VI 85. [OE. on līfe.]

Alkyn, adj. of all kinds, VIII a 70. [OE. *alra cynna.] See Kyn.

Allas, interj. alas! II 107, &c. [OFr. alas.]

Alleg(g)e(n), v. to cite (in support of a contention), XI b 56, XVI 277; to contend, XI b 79. [OFr. esligier, aligier, associated with unrelated L. allēgāre.]

Allowe, v. approve, receive with approval, XVI 330; Alod, pp. XVII 56 (note). [OFr. alouer, from L. allaudāre.]

Allþough, Althogh, conj. (even) though, IX 110, XII b 196, &c. [Al, adv. + Þogh, q.v.]

Allweldand, adj. almighty, XVII 494. [Cf. OE. alwáldende.]

Almes(se), n. sg. an act, or works, of charity, charitable gift or offering, VIII a 121, 140, XI b 2, 163, 270, &c.; Elmesses pl. (OKt. elmessan), III 17. [OE. ælmesse.]

Almyȝt, adj. almighty, VI 138. [OE. æl-miht.]

Almyty, -myghty, adj. almighty, VIII b 105, XV i 12. [OE. æl-mihtig.]

Alofte, adv. in the air, aloft, V 220, XII a 94, &c. [ON. á loft.] See Lofte.

Alod, pp. See Allowe.

Alone, adj. alone, XVII 489; see Al, adv.

Als, adv. also, as well, V 292, VIII a 148, X 8, 11, XVII 126, 127. [Reduced form of Also, q.v.]

Als, Alss, conj. as (esp. in als ... as, as ... as), like, IV a 2, 63, 84, b 86, VIII a 37, &c.; as for instance, like, XVI 306, 308, 311; as, while, IV b 43, XV a 4; als ... þat, so ... that, IX 151; als b(i)liue, as quickly (as possible), straightway, II 531, 584. [As prec.] See As.

Alsaume, adv. (all) together, 198. [Cf. ON. allir saman.] See Sam(e), adv.

Also, Alsua (X), adv. also, as well, I 35, II 144, X 33, &c.; conj. like, II 508; also bliue, also spac, also swiþe, as quickly (as possible), straightway, II 142, 343, 574. [OE. al-swā.] See Als, As.

Al(l)way, -wey, adv. always, (for) ever, continually, XIII a 3, b 63, XVI 150, 168, &c.; in any case, certainly, XVI 164. [OE. alne weg.] See Algate(s).

Am, 1 sg. pres. ind. am, V 90, &c.; coalescing with prec. pron. in Icham, Ycham (q.v.). [OE. am.] See Ar, Art, Is, &c.

Amaistrien, v. to master, control, VIII a 205. [OFr. amaistrier.]

Amang, adv. in the meanwhile, XVII 247; Emang, at times, from time to time, XVI 262, 301. [OE. on-(ge)máng.] See Amonge.

Ame, v. to guess; as y kan ame, I guess, I 45. [OFr. aesmer, amer.]

Amend(e), v. to make better, reform, set right, VIII a 268, IX 338, XI a 48, XVII 256. [OFr. amender.] See Mend(e).

Amendement, n. improvement, cure, I 238, II 200, VIII a 132. [OFr. amendement.]

Amercy, v. to fine, VIII a 40. [OFr. amercier.]

Amidde, prep. in the middle of, II 355. [OE. on-middan.]

Amiddes, adv. in the midst, XII a 170; prep. (from) among, II 191. [Prec. + adv. -es.]

Amys, adv. amiss, VIII a 322. [ON. á miss.] See Mysse.

Amoner, n. almoner, alms-giver, III 16. [OFr. au-moner.]

Among(e), prep. among, II 220, VIII a 89, &c.; Emang, Emong, XVII 112; (follows noun) XVII 400. [OE. on-(ge)máng.] See Amang, Mong.

Amonges, prep. amongst, II 306, VII 37, &c. [Prec. + adv. -es.]

Amorwe, adv. on the next day, II 181, 497. [OE. on morgene.]

An, And, Ant, conj. and, I 254, VIII a 205, XI a 1, XV b 11, d 2, e 6, g 25, 26, i 5, &c.; an te, and the, XV e 19; if, II 43, VI 200, 238, VIII a 250, XIII a 44, b 39, XIV c 14, 103, XVI 208 (even if), XVII 297, 502. On postponement of and in Gower see note to XII a 26. [OE. and.]

Ancres, n. pl. anchorites, religious recluses, VIII a 139. [OE. ā̆ncra.]

Andzuerede. See Ansuere.

Ane, indef. art. a, X 5, 16, 31, &c.; representing older inflected forms, III 11 (first), 13, 49; adj. one, a single, IV a 58, X 157; (predicatively) one, united, IV a 56; pron. one, IV b 1, 43; a certain person, IV a 69, X 169. See A(n), On(e).

Ane, prep. on; ane his lhordes haf, on his master's behalf, III 11. [From OE. on, an, on anal. of in, inne.]

Anely, adv. only, IV b 81. [OE. ānlic, adj.] See Onely.

Anewe, adv. once more, XV a 22. [a- + OE. nēowe.]

Angelis. See Aungel.

Anger, n. grief, V 276. [ON. angr, grief.]

Angré, adj. angry, XVII 187. [From prec.]

Angwys, n. grief, IV b 28, [OFr. anguisse.]

Ani, Any, adj. any, I 2, 18, II 528, &c. [OE. ǣnig.] See Eny, Ony.

Animal, n. animal, II 364. [OFr. animal.]

Anodir. See Anoþire.

Anoynt, v. to smear, XVII 127. [Formed on OFr. enoint pp. of enoindre.]

Anon(e), adv. at once, straightway, next, II 385, 499, VI 224, XVII 490, 526, &c.; Onone, VII 149, XVII 275. [OE. on ān.]

Anothire, Anoþer, adj. and pron. another, IV b 3, 34, IX 37, &c.; Anoþur, XIV c 27; Anouþer, I 140; Anodir, XVI 87. [OE. ān + ōþer.]

Anouȝ. See Ynoȝ.

*Anowrned, pp. adorned, II 363 (MS. anowed). [OFr. aourner; ? a- to an- on anal. of E. alternation a-, an-.]

Ansuer(e), Answere, v. to answer, III 5, 25, IX 178, XII b 76; Andzuerede, pa. t. III 33. [OE. an(d)swerian.]

Answar, n. answer, VI 158. [OE. an(d)swaru.]

Ant. See An, conj.

Antifeners, n. pl. antiphonaries, XI b 229 (note). [OFr. antiphonier.]

Apayed, pp. pleased, satisfied, VIII a 102, 189. [OFr. apaier.] See Paie.

Apassed, pp. as prep. past, VI 180. [OFr. apasser.]

Ap(p)ere, Appiere, v. to appear, VI 45, XII a 132, XVI 368, XVII 173. [OFr. aper-; apareir.]

Ap(p)eyre, v. to do harm to, injure, impair, VIII a 126, 164, 212, XIII b 14; Apeyryng, n. impairing, XIII b 15. [OFr. empeirer.] See Empeyre.

Apert, adj. plain, V 324; adv. openly, plainly, I 200, VI 229; for all to see, II 586. [OFr. apert.]

Apon. See Vpon.

Aposede, pa. t. put a (hard) question to, VIII b 10. [OFr. oposer, aposer.]

Apostel, n. apostle, XI a 12, b 15, 99, 273, &c. [OE. apostol.] See Posteles.

Apparaille, v. to dress, VIII a 59. [OFr. aparailler.]

Apparale, n. preparations, apparatus, gear, X 3, 14, 44, 119. [OFr. aparail.]

Apparence, n. appearance, XII a 127. [OFr. ap(p)arence.]

Appetit (to), n. desire, appetite (for), VIII a 261, IX 15, XII a 87. [OFr. apetit.]

Appiereth. See Ap(p)ere.

Approprid, pp. assigned as personal property, XI b 97. [OFr. aproprier.]

Aquit, pp. requited, XII b 138, 197. [OFr. aquiter.]

Ar, conj. before (usually with subj.), VIII a 93, 196, 258, 261, 269, XV g 33, &c. [OE. ǣr, and with weak stress æ̆r(?).] See Are; Er(e), adv.; Or.

Ar(e), pres. ind. pl. are, IV b 18, V 9, 27, &c.; Aren, VIII a 268, 270, &c.; Arn(e), II 13, VI 24, 42, &c. [OE. (Nth.) aron.] See Art, Er(e), Ben, &c.

Aray, n. array, X 68; rank, estate, VI 131; of aray, stately, XVII 539 (or grete of aray, great in magnificence). [OFr. arei.]

Arayed, pp. arranged, XIII a 1. [OFr. areyer.]

Aratede, pa. t. rebuked, VIII b 11. [Unknown.]

Archidekenes, n. pl. archdeacons, VIII b 75. [OE. ærce-diacon, OFr. archedekne.] See Dyacne.

Are, adv. before, I 93, XVI 38, 98, 345. [ON. ár (? late Nth. ar); but see Ar, conj.]

Arered, pp. raised, set up, XIII a 11, 13, &c. [OE. ā-rǣran.]

Arȝe (wyth), v. to be terrified, quail (at), V 203, 209, 233. [OE. eargian.]

Aryȝt, adv. rightly, right well, XIII b 46; Ariht, XII a 67, XIV c 61. [OE. on-riht, ariht.]

Arise, Aryse, v. to arise, rise, get up, come to pass, II 311, VIII a 112, 261, 319, b 15; Aros, pa. t. sg. II 318, XV g 1 (note). [OE. ā-rīsan.]

Arm(e), n. arm, I 112, VII 162, &c.; embrace, XII a 161. [OE. earm.]

Armes, n. pl. arms, weapons, (knightly) warfare, II 182, IX 109, &c. [OFr. armes.]

Armyt, Armed, pp. armed, II 395, X 7, 37, &c.; Y-armed, II 136, 184, 292. [OFr. armer.]

Arn(e). See Ar(e), v.

Arryuen, Aryue, v. to come to land, IX 184; to come (to a destination), VI 87. [OFr. arriver.]

Art, 2 sg. pres. ind. art, I 202, 204, II 422, &c.; Artow, art thou, II 421 (see Þou); Ert, VIII b 34. [OE. eart.]

Artetykes, adj. pl. arthritic, accompanied with inflammation of the joints, IX 314. See Gowtes. [OFr. artetique, corruptly from L. arthrīticus.]

Arwes, n. pl. arrows, IX 258. [OE. earh.]

As(e), conj. as, I 24, II 290, III 48, &c.; as ... as (foll. by accus.), XVII 19; as that, as, XVII 182; as hys desserte, according to his deserts, VI 235; even as, seeing that, XVII 427, 552; as euer, as sure as ever, XVII 237, 395; so (in oaths, &c.), V 55, &c.; as if (usually with subj.) I 31, 121, 195, II 108, 402, V 106, 133, 134, 189, 194, 221, 326, VII 45; as relative particle, I introd., XVII 325; as swyþe, tyte, straightway, I 111, XVII 219. [Further reduced from Als, q.v.]

Asalis. See Assaylle.

Askes, n. pl. ashes, XIII a 4. [OE. axe.]

Aske(n), Aski (II), v. to ask for, demand, I 131, II 450, 467, VI 220, &c.; require, VIII b 71; inquire, I 132, IX 176. [OE. ā̆xian.] See Axe(n).

Aspien, Asspye, v. to detect, observe, VIII a 123, 217, XI a 60; Aspide, pa. t. III 42. [OFr. espier.] See Spie.

Assai, Assay, n. test, trial; at assai, when put to the test, XIV c 5; set in, till, hard(e) assay, place in sore straits, X 62, 170, 188. [OFr. essai, assai.]

Assaie, Assay(e), Asay, v. to test, prove, make trial, II 452, 568, V 294, IX 61, 102, 121, XIV c 66, XVII 219, 249, 433; to endeavour, VIII a 24, XII b 81. [OFr. essayer.] See Saye.

Assaylle, As(s)ale, Assa(i)lȝe (X), v. to assail, attack, IX 88, X 4, 12, 43, 114, 132, 144, XVII 295, &c.; Assaling, n. assault, X 41, 60. [OFr. as(s)aillir.]

Asse, n. ass, XV f 5, &c. [OE. assa.]

Assemblid (to), pa. t. assembled (at), VII 85. [OFr. assembler.]

Assembly, n. joining of battle, VII 57. [OFr. assemblee.]

Assende, v. to ascend, XVI 32. [OFr. ascendre.]

Assent, pp. sent for, XII b 208. See Of-sende.

As(s)ente, n. agreement; compliance, VI 31; of þare assente, of like mind with them, XVI 310. [OFr. asente.]

Assent(e), v. to agree, VIII a 39, 57; pp. XVI 170. [OFr. asentir.]

Assoylled, pp. absolved, IX 286. [OFr. assoillir.]

Asspye. See Aspien.

As(s)tate, n. estate, (high) rank, VI 33, 130, VII 21. [OFr. estat.] See State.

Astrangled, pp. choked, II 396. [OFr. estrangler.]

Asunder, -yr, adv. apart, I 224; pleon. with parte, I 103. [OE. on-sundran.] See Sonder.

Aswon(e), adj. in a swoon, I 195 (note), II 549. [OE. geswōgen.] See Falle(n); Swone.

At, prep. at, I 13, 74, &c.; in, VII 66, VIII a 63; IX 253; at wordes, in words, II 139; (of time) V 23, 100, IX 284, XI a 12; to, V 108, VII 13; with infin. (at do), see Do; according to, I 82, II 271, XIV b 56, XVI 258, XVII 4, 322; at the value of, VIII a 162, b 101, XVII 364; at the hands of, from, I 239, 240, 245, II 179, III 4, 31 (see Atte). At on, at one, in accord, VI 18; at þe full, completely, XI b 198; haue at þe, see Habbe(n). [OE. æt.] See Atte; Þare.

At, rel. particle; þat at, that which, what, VI 176 (note); quhar at, see Whar. [ON. at; þat at is possibly for þat tat (cf. Atte, Þou, &c.).]

Ate. See Atte.

Atempree, adj. temperate, IX 29. [OFr. atempré.]

Aþer, Athir. See Aither, Ayther.

At-hold, v. to restrain, II 88. [OE. æt- + háldan.]

Atire, n. apparel, II 299. [From next.]

Atire, v.; Atird, pp. equipped, II 158. [OFr. atir(i)er.] See Tired.

Atled, pa. t. intended, V 195. [ON. ǽtla.]

Ato, adv. in two, apart, II 125, IX 140; Atwo, VIII a 97. [OE. on twā.] See A(n) prep.; Tuo.

Atour, n. apparatus, equipment, X 125. [OFr. atour(n).]

Atourned, pp. equipped, II 291. [OFr. atourner.]

Atrete, adv. straight out, plainly, XIV c 78. [OFr. a trait.]

Atslyke, v. to slip away; atslykeȝ, is spent, VI 215. [OE. æt- + slīcan.]

Atte, Ate, at the, II 232, 379, III 4, VIII a 96, b 29; of the, III 31; in fixed expressions where Mn. E. has 'at', as: atte chirche, VIII a 50; at(t)e firste, last(e), mete, see Furste, Laste, Mete; atte nale = atten (OE. æt þam) ale, over the ale, VIII a 109. See At.

Atteynte, v. to convict, prove guilty, XVI 278. [From ateint, convicted, pp. of OFr. ateindre. See next.]

Atteny, v. to reach, VI 188. [OFr. ateign-, stem of ateindre.]

Atwynne, adv. in two, I 189, 191. [OE. on + twinn.]

Atwo, Avay. See Ato, Awai.

Avayll, Avale, v. to be of use to, XVII 154; it avalis you, (it) is your best course, XVII 296. [a- + OFr. vail-, valeir.]

Avale, Availl (X), v. intr. to descend, IX 195; trans. to let down, X 28. [OFr. avaler.]

Avauntage, n. advantage, XIII b 35, 36. [OFr. avantage.]

Auctorité, n. authority, XI b 61. [OFr. au(c)torité.]

Auctour, n. original authority, author, IX 304; Autours, pl. XI a 23. [OFr. autour, and (from 14th c.) auctour, &c.]

Audience, n. formal hearing, audience, XII b 209. [OFr. audience.]

Aue Maria, an Ave, Hail Mary, IX 323. [First two words of Latin prayer.]

Auentur(e), Auentour, n. chance, (notable) occurrence, feat, II 15, 18, 32, &c.; risk, X 118; an auenture, (as conj.) in case, VIII a 43; at auentur, as chance directed, recklessly, XIV c 34. [OFr. aventure.] See Aunter.

Aueril, n. April, XV c 1. [OFr. avril.]

Auȝt. See Owe, v.

Avys, n. deliberation, IX 295, 297. [OFr. avis.]

Avised, pp.; wel avised, judicious, XII b 217. [OFr. aviser.]

Aungel(l), n. angel, IV a 46, XI b 23, XVI 339, 389; Angel, XI b 152, &c. [OFr. a(u)ngel.]

Aunsetris, n. pl. ancestors, men of former days, VII 5. [OFr. ancestre, nom. sg.]

Aunter, n. chance, event, VII 5, 67, 155. [As Auentur; but due to older and more popular borrowing.]

Auter(e), n. altar, I 74, 76. [OFr. auter.]

Autours. See Auctour.

Auþer. See Oþer, adv. and conj.

Awai, Away(e), Awei(e), Awey(e), adv. away, VIII a 184, XII b 132, &c.; Avay, X 58, 187; Oway, II 192, 261, 329; Owy (in rime), II 96, 491, 561; don awei, abolished, XI b 206; wanne awaye, rescued, XVI 171; predic., gone, over, II 59 (oway), XVII 537. [OE. on-weg, aweg; ? with owy, cf. rare OE. wig.]

Awake, v. intr. to be aroused, wake up, II 77, VIII a 318, b 1, &c.; trans. to wake, II 73; Awake, pp. wakened, XV g 14. [OE. ā-wæcnan, str.; ā-wacian, wk.; both intr.] See Forwake, Wackenet, Wake.

Awangelys, n. pl. gospels, XV i 6. [L. ēvangelium.] See Euaungelistis.

Awe. See Owe, v.

Awe, n. fear; for Crystys awe, for fear of Christ, I 83. [ON. agi.] See Aȝleȝ.

Awede, v. go mad, II 87; Awedde, pp. (gone) mad, II 400. [OE. ā-wēdan.] See Wode, adj.

Aweyward, adv. (turned) in the opposite direction, XIII a 35. [OE. onweg + adv. -ward.]

Awen, Awne. See Owen, adj.

Awenden, pa. t. pl. thought, XV g 17. [a- + OE. wēnan.] See Wene(n).

Awharf, pa. t. sg. turned aside, V 152. [OE. ā-hweorfan.]

Aworthe. See Yworth.

Awreke (of), v. to avenge (on), VIII a 166; Awroke, pp. VIII a 195. [OE. ā-wrecan.] See Wreke.

Ax, n. axe, V 155, XIV e 1, &c. [OE. æx.]

Axe(n), v. to ask, demand, inquire (of), VIII a 291, XI b 207, XII a 145, &c.; Acsede, pa. t. III 4, 25, 31. [OE. ā̆xian.] See Aske(n).

Babelynge, n. babbling, XI b 84. [Echoic; cf. Blabre.]

Bad(de). See Bidde.

Bagge, n. wallet (for food), VIII b 54. [ON. baggi.]

Bayarde, n. bay horse (as typical horse name); þat was bake for B. = coarse horse-bread, VIII a 187. [OFr. baiard.] See Bred.

Bayle, Bayll. See Bale.

Bayly, n. dominion, VI 82. [OFr. baillie.]

Bailyues, n. pl. bailiffs, managers of estates, XI b 288. [OFr. baillif.]

Baill, n.¹ wall (of the outer court in a feudal castle), XVI 195; Bale, prison, custody, XVI 161 (but this may belong to Bale, q.v.). [OFr. bail.]

Baill, n.² bundle, X 27. [OFr. bale.]

Bayn, adj. obedient, V 90, XVII 308. [ON. bein-n, direct.]

Bair. See Bare.

Bak, Bac (II), Backe, n. back, II 344, VII 126, XVII 264, &c.; bak and bone, all over the body, XVII 407. [OE. bæc.]

Bake(n), pp. baked, VIII a 187, 288, 305; Ybake(n), VIII a 175, 278. [OE. bacan.]

Bakoun, Bacoun, n. bacon, VIII a 279, 304. [OFr. bacun.]

Balde. See Bold.

Bale; Bayle, Bayll (XVII); n. torment, misery, sorrow, IV a 77, V 351, VI 13, XIV a 28, XVI 275, XVII 26, 311, 552, &c.; at XVI 161 'torment' is possible, but see Bail, n.¹ [OE. balu.]

Balȝ, adj. rounded, or ? with level surface, V 104 (cf. Sir Gaw. 2032, and Prompt. Parv. balwe, planus).

Balkes, n. pl. (unploughed) ridges in a field, VIII a 101. [OE. balc(a).]

Ban, v. to curse, XIV b 94, XVII 94; Banned (MS.) I 188, ? read Bende (q.v.). [OE. bannan, proclaim; ON. banna, forbid, curse.]

Bandis. See Bond.

Bane. See Bon.

Baner, n. banner, II 294, XIV a 8. [OFr. banere.]

Bank(k)es. See Bonk(e).

Baptiste, pa. t. baptized, XVI 75. [OFr. baptiser.]

Barbe, n. cutting edge, V 242. [OFr. barbe, beard, barb (of arrow, spear, &c.).]

Bard, pp. penned, XVII 328. [OFr. barrer.] See Barres, Vnbarred.

Bare, Bair (X), adj. bare, naked, V 9, 188, VII 164, X 190, &c.; on bonkes bare, XIV b 20; despoiled, XIV a 20; bald (in style), VII 74; mere, V 284, X 113. [OE. bær.]

Bar(e), Bare(n). See Bore, n.; Bere, v.

Barely, adv. openly, XIV b 94; summarily, VII 68. [OE. bærlīce.]

Baret, n. strife, V 47 (see Bend). [OFr. barat.]

Barfot, adj. barefoot, II 232. [OE. bær-fōt.]

Barga(y)n, n. bargain, VIII b 100, XVII 94. [OFr. bargaine.]

Barge, n. a smaller sea-going ship belonging to a larger vessel, XIV c 53, 65; ship, VII 90. [OFr. barge.]

Barly, n. (as adj.) barley, VIII a 129. [OE. bærlic.]

Barm, n. lap, XV g 13. [OE. bearm.]

Barm-fellys, n. pl. leather aprons, XV h 11. [OE. bearm + fell; cf. bearm-clāþ, &c.]

Barne, n. child, VI 66, XVII 308, 419; barnes bastardes, bastards, VIII b 75. [OE. bearn.]

Barouns, n. pl. barons, II 201, 503, 550. [OFr. barun.]

Barras, n. defensive outwork, X 164. [OFr. barras.]

Barres, n. pl. bars, XVI 190. [OFr. barre.]

Barste. See Brest(e).

Bastardes, n. pl. bastards; as adj., VIII b 75. [OFr. bastard.]

Baston, n. stave, stanza, Introduction xv. [OFr. baston.]

Batail(e), Bataill, Batayl, Batel(l), n. embattled host, XIV b 52; battle, VII 56, 91, *XI b 154, XIV b 31, XVI 131, &c. [OFr. bataille.]

Bataild, adj. embattled, with battlements, II 360. [Modelled on OFr. bataillé.]

Bath. See Boþe.

Batis, n. pl. boats X 123. [OE. bāt.]

Baþe, v. to bathe (trans. and intr.), II 585, XIII a 25. [OE. baþian.]

Baundoun, n. control; in hire baundoun, at her disposal, XV c 8. [OFr. bandun.]

Be, conj. by the time (that), X 157. Cf. bi þat. See next.

Be, Beo (XIV c 44), prep. by (way of), IX 179, 192, 198; through, IX 112, 136, 137; (of time) by, at, in, VI 163, IX 204, 339, XII a 117, 131, XV i 15, 20; by (means of), through, III 22, VII 23, IX 67, 130, XII a 23, b 199, XVI 355, &c.; by (of agent), III 30, IX 112 (first), 298, 305, XII b 217, &c.; by (in oaths, &c.), XII b 45, 164. Counted ... beo, set value on, XIV c 44; for idiomatic expressions see the nouns. [OE. be.] See Bi.

Be-. See also Bi-, By-.

Becam, Becomen. See Bicome.

Beclipte, pa. t. embraced, XII a 178; Byclypped, pp. encircled, XIII a 21. [OE. beclyppan.]

Bede, v. to bid, offer, V 254, XIV a 9; Bede, pa. t. sg. (bade), V 22; offered, 180, 284. [OE. bēodan, early confused with biddan.] See Bidde, Forbede.

Bed(e). See Bidde.

Bedd(e), Bede (IV), n. bed, II 93, 242, XII a 99, &c.; dat. sg. in to bedde, to bed, VIII a 93, XII b 105; þe bede of blysse, ? the joyful bridal bed (of Christ and the soul), IV a 11. [OE. bedd.] See Abedde.

Bedes, n. pl. prayers, I 16. [OE. ge-bed.]

Bedeyn. See Bidene.

Bedele, n. herald, one who delivers the message of an authority, XI b 48. [OE. bydel; OFr. bedel.]

Bedreden, n. pl. the bedridden, VIII a 185, b 21. [OE. beddreda.]

Bee, Bees. See Ben.

Beest. See Best(e), n.

Befalle, v. to happen, chance, IX 129, &c.; to befall, XVII 514; pa. t. sg. Befell(e), VII 67, 155; Bevil, Bifel, it chanced, II 57, III 41; Befalle(n), pp. II 21, IX 194. [OE. be-fallan.] See Falle(n).

Begge, to beg, VIII a 186, 233, b 29, &c. [? OE. bedecian; see N.E.D.]

Begger(e), n. beggar, II 483, 499, VIII a 188, 197, &c. [See N.E.D.]

Begyn(ne), Bigin(ne), Bygyn(ne), &c., v. to begin, act, do, come about, I 69, IV b 57, VI 187, VIII a 160, XIV b 25, c 83, XVI 268, 280, XVII 267, &c.; begyn of, b. with, XVII 253; Be-, Bi-, Bygan, pa. t. sg. began, I 154, &c.; did, XV a 7; came to pass, II 598; made (it) in the beginning, XVII 29; Bygan, pa. t. pl. I 72; Bygonne, VI 189; Begouth, X 94; Begonne, pp. IX 171; Be-, Bygynnyng(e), n. IV b 58, IX 334, XIII b 9. [OE. beginnan; begouth is due to confusion of gan with can (couþe); See Gan; Can, auxil.]

Begynnar, Bygynner, n. beginner, causer, VI 76, XVII 406. [From prec.]

Begon, pp. adorned, XII a 54. [OE. be-gān.]

Begonne, Begouth. See Begynne.

Beȝonde, adv. beyond, further on, IX 263, 280. [OE. be-geóndan.]

Beȝonde, Beȝounde (I), Biȝonde (V), prep. across, beyond, I 252, V 132, IX 8, 76, 135, &c.; see See. [As prec.]

Behald(e). See Bihold.

Behalue, n. behalf; on Goddes b., in God's name, I 78. [Originally be prep. and halfe dat. sg.; cf. Half.]

Beheste, n. promise, XII b 196. [OE. (late) be-hǣs.] See Heste.

Behete. See Bihote.

Behevin, pp. hewn down, X 163. [OE. be-hēawan.]

Behielde, -helde. See Bihold.

Behihtest. See Bihote.

Behynd, prep. behind, X 85; as sb., XVII 331. [OE. be-híndan.]

Behufit. See Bihoue.

Beie. See Bigge, v.

Beyn, Beyng. See Be(n).

Beytter, n. healer, XVII 311. [From Bete, v.²]

Belamy, Bellamy, n. good friend (ironically), XVI 213, 338. [OFr. bel ami.]

Beleeve, n. belief, IX 289. [OE. ge-lēafa, with change of prefix.]

Beleue, Bileue, v. to believe, I 89, VIII a 82, IX 120, XV g 9. [OE. ge-lēfan, (late) be-lēfan.] See Leue, v.³; Ylefde.

Belyue, adv. quickly, at once, straightway, VII 161, XVI 211; Belife, XVII 192; Bilyue, V 3; Blyue, IX 18; Bliue, in also bliue, II 142, als bliue, II 531, 584, as quickly as possible, immediately. [OE. *be līfe.]

Bellewys, n. pl. bellows, XV h 6. [OE. belgas, pl.]

Ben, v. to be, II 207, VIII a 96, &c.; Be(e), I 4, XVI 7, &c.; Buen, XV c 18; future, 2 sg. Best, II 173; 3 sg. Bees, IV a 35, XVII 373, Betȝ, VI 251; pl. Be, V 43, XVI 331; pres. pl. Be(n), are, II 3, 4, 12, &c.; Beo, XIV c 5; Beoþ, XIV c 103; Beth, Beþ, II 59, 110, 273, 582, VIII a 199, XV f 5; Buþ, XIII a 1, 6, 10, 13, &c.; Be(e), Beo, pres. subj., II 165, 433, XIV c 98, d 3, &c.; Ben, XI b 73, 218, &c.; Be(o), imper. 2 sg. XV g 10, f 7, &c.; 3 sg. IV a 55; pl. VIII a 118, XIV d 11 (first); Be, pp. I 195, VIII b 74, XI a 44, XII a 20, XVII 192, &c.; Ben, II 103, V 196, &c.; Bene, V 275, XVI 40; Beyn, XVII 445, 532; Ybe, XIII a 16; Beyng, pres. p. in in hytself beyng, inherent, VI 86. Ben (drepit, &c.), have been (smitten, &c.), VII 9, 11; be(e) war, see War(e); lete ben, &c., cease from, II 114, XVI 234. [OE. bēon.] See Ar(e), Es, Was, &c.

Bend, v. X 90, 98, XVII 253; Bende, pa. t. XII a 58, *I 188 (MS. banned); Bende, pp. V 47, 156; Bendit, X 80. The divergent senses are all derived from the original one of stringing, bending, a bow: ? to bind, *I 188 (note); to set ready for discharging, X 80, 90, 98; to make curve, bend, V 156, XII a 58, XVII 253; ? to make bow, bring low, beat down, in hatȝ ... on bent much baret bende, ? has upon the field overcome much strife (many opponents), V 47. [OE. bendan.]

Bene, adv. pleasantly, V 334. [Not known.]

Bene, n. bean, VIII a 175, 188, 209, 278, 288, 298, IX 54; as something of no value (cf. pees), XIV c 43. [OE. bēan.]

Benedicite (L. imper. pl.) bless (me, us); as exclamation of amazement, XVII 163.

Benethe(n), Beneyth (XVII), adv. underneath, IX 56, XVII 137; in the lower part, IX 247. [OE. beneoþan.]

Benome. See Binam.

Bent, n. grass-slope, field, V 165; esp. in the allit. tag on bent, on the field (of battle), or (as variant of vpon grounde, &c.) on earth, V 47, 80, VII 91; on þis bent, here, V 270. [Perhaps a special use of bent, bent-grass, OE. beonet.]

Beo, Beoþ. See Ben; Beo, prep.

Berd(e), n. beard, II 265, 507, 585, V 160. [OE. béard.]

Ber(e), v. to bear, carry, wear, lift, take; to hold, possess, keep; to give birth to, produce; V 83, VIII a 136, IX 69, 109, XII a 197, XIII a 51, XVII 318, &c.; 2 sg. subj. VI 106; Berth, 3 sg. pres. ind. XII a 81; Bar(e), pa. t. sg. I 146, VIII a 93, XIV c 23, 59, XV i 3; Ber, V 193, VI 66; Baren, pl. IX 148; Bere, II 307; Bore, pp. I 85, II 210; Born(e), II 41, V 252, 326, XIV b 12, &c.; Ybore, II 546; Yborn, II 174. Bar þe flour, see Flour; b. þe felaȝschip, keep thee company, V 83; the depnes ... we bere, the depth (of water) we draw, XVII 434, 460; born open, laid open, V 2 (cf. OE. beran ūp). [OE. beran.] See Forbere.

Bere, n.¹ clamour, outcry, I 75, II 78, XVI 214. [OE. ge-bǣre.]

Bere, n.² byre, cattle-stall, XV f 4. [OE. bȳre.]

Bere-bag, n. bag-carrier, a contemptuous nickname for Scots, XIV a 20 (note). [Stem of Bere v. + ON. baggi.] See Bagge.

Berȝ(e), n. mound, V 104, 110. [OE. be(o)rg.]

Berȝe, v. to protect, III introd. [OE. be(o)rgan.]

Berien, n. pl. berries, II 258 (note). [OE. beri(g)e.]

Beringe, n. birth, III introd. [From Bere, v.]

Berking, pres. p. barking, II 286. [OE. be(o)rcan.]

Bernakes, n. pl. barnacle-geese IX 147 (note). [Anglo-L. bernaca, OFr. bernaque.]

Bernes, n. pl. barns, VIII a 177. [OE. ber(e)n.]

Berth. See Bere, v.

Beselé, adv. earnestly, XVII 240. [OE. bisig + -līce.] See Bysy.

Besy(nes). See Bysy(nes).

Besyde. See Bisyde.

Beso(u)ghte. See Biseche.

Best(e), adj. superl. best, IV a 84, VIII a 197, IX 42, &c.; as sb., best (food), VIII a 295; do þi (doþ ȝour) best, see Don; wyth þe beste, among the best (people), with the saints, IV a 4; adv. best, most readily, most, VIII a 81, 107, XVII 472, &c.; þe best, VIII a 22. [OE. betst.]

Best, v. See Ben.

Best(e), n. animal, creature, II 214, 280, VIII a 134, IX 88, XII a 78, &c.; Beest, XVII 3, 135, &c. [OFr. beste.]

Beswyke, Byswyke, v. to cheat, IV a 13, VI 208. [OE. be-swīcan.]

Bet, adv. compar.; predic. in he was þe bet, he was better off on that account, VIII b 100. [OE. bet.] See Best(e), Betre.

Bete, v.¹ to beat, I 6, VIII a 73, XVII 407; betes the stretes, frequents the streets, XIV a 25; Bette, pa. t. sg. VIII a 171; Byete, pa. t. subj. sg. III 40 (OE. bēote); Bet, pp. XVII 413; Betin, Betyn, XIV a 8, XVII 381. [OE. bēatan.] See Forbette.

Bete, v.² to assuage, remedy, IV a 77, VIII a 233, XIV a 28, 29. [OE. bētan.] See Beytter.

Betȝ, Betidde. See Ben, Bitide.

Betraied, pp. betrayed, XVI 331. [be- + OFr. traïr.]

Bet(e)re, Better(e), Bettre, adj. compar. better, II 40, XI b 37, XIII a 60, XV c 33, &c.; him were betre, it would be b. for him, XII b 101; þat war better, for whom it would be b., XIV a 32; adv. better, XI b 275, XIV d 14, &c.; rather, XI b 288; þe better, all the better (for it), V 28, XVII 353; as conj., so that ... (the) better, VIII a 46, XVII 175. [OE. betera, bet(t)ra, adj.]

Bette. See Bete, v.¹

Betweche, v. ? to commit (to protection of God), XV i 18. Only in this passage; perhaps an error for becwethe (bequeath, commit), or beteche (see Bitaiste).

Betwen(e), Bytuene (XV), Bytwene prep. between, among, IX 162, 166, XII a 68, b 89, XV c 1, &c.; (follows case), V 174, VII 91. [OE. betwēon(an).]

Betwix, Bitwixe, prep. between, XI a 32, XVII 185. [OE. be-twix.]

Beþ, Beth. See Ben.

Bevil. See Befalle.

Beuore. See Bifor.

Beweile, v. refl. to lament, XII a 32. [be- + ON. *veila; cf. veilan, lamentation.]

Bewycche, v. to bewitch, IX 86. [OE. be + wiccian.]

Bewounde, pp.; it hath b., wound (itself) about it, XII b 72. [OE. be-wíndan.]

Bewty, n. beauty, XVII 20. [OFr. beauté.]

By, adv. at the side, by; alongside (without coming on board), XVII 373; þat ... by, by which, IX 300. [OE. bī.] See Þer(e).

Bi, By, prep. (i) On, at, by, II 156, 470, VIII a 167, XV g 16, XVII 75, &c.; bi ... side, beside, II 66, V 76; by (way of), over, through, I 62, V 10, 16, 52, 93, X 11, XVII 477; along (with), beside, II 280, 308, V 9, VIII a 4, &c.; (following its case) II 301, V 21, XVII 18; against, touching, V 242; past, II 252, 290, V 36, 39. (ii) In, on, for (of time), II 8, 15, VIII a 95, 274, XV a 24, &c.; see Dai, While. (iii) Measured by, compared with, according to, &c., V 28, 158, 296, 297, VIII a 35, 58, 159, 248, b 57, XI b 5, &c. (iv) By (means of), through, &c., II 408, VII 6, &c.; by virtue of, XI b 20; lyue by, &c., live on, II 257, VIII a 284, b 26; by (of agent), XI a 59, &c. (v) By (in oaths, &c.), II 316, V 54, &c. Bi al þing, by every token, II 321, 375; by so, provided that, VIII b 40; bi þan, thereby, or thereupon (cf. after þan), II 553; bi þat, thereupon, V 84; by that time, VIII a 285; as conj., by the time that, VIII a 294. [OE. bī̆.] See Be.

By. See Bigge.

Bi-, By-. See Be-.

Bible, n. bible, VIII a 227, XI b 230, &c. [OFr. bible.]

Bycause (of), prep. because (of), XIII b 16; bycause, because þat, (conj.) because, XIII b 61, 62, IX 114, 226. [Be, Bi + Cause, q.v.]

Biche, n. bitch, XIV b 78. [OE. bicce.]

Byclypped. See Beclipte.

Bicome, Become, v. to arrive; become; befit; hyt bycomeþ for, it befits, VIII b 65; Becam, pa. t. sg. XII b 13; Becomen, pl. IX 148; Bicome, II 288; Bicome, pp. II 194; wher sche was bicome, whider þai bicome, wher he becam, what had become (became) of her (them, him), II 194, 288, XII b 13. [OE. be-cuman.]

Bidde, Bydde, Bid, v. to pray, beg, VIII a 233; to bid, I 265, VI 160, VIII a 210, XI b 79, XII a 48, XIV d 3, XVI 118, XVII 418, &c.; Bad(de), pa. t. sg. bade, XII a 46, XV i 16, XVI 201, XVII 309, &c.; bad to, bade, XII b 87; Bed, prayed to, III 46 (OKt. bed); Bad, pl. II 88, 137; Bede, pp. XII a 42 (prayed), 101 (commanded). [OE. biddan; the confusion with bēodan began in OE.] See Bede.

Bidderes, n. pl. beggars, mendicants, VIII a 197. [OE. biddere.]

Byd(d)yng, Bidding, n. bidding, commands, I 86, XVI 257, XVII 76, 121, 375. [From Bidde.]

Bide, Byde, v. to abide (intr. remain, trans. await, face, endure), V 224, VI 39, XIV c 21, 47, XVI 23, 207, &c. [OE. bīdan.] See Abide.

Bidene, Bydene, Bedeyn (XVII), adv. forthwith, withal (often meaningless), VII 79, 127, XIV b 74, XVII 442; al bidene, XIV b 11. [See N.E.D.]

Bye, Byete. See Bigge, Bete, v.¹

Bifel. See Befalle.

Bifor(e), Byforn, Befor(e), Beuore, &c., adv. before (hand), II 147, VII 121, &c.; eir befor, X 140; as sb., XVII 331; prep. before, in presence of, &c., II 42, III 58, V 4, IX 126, &c.; (of time) VI 238, XI b 48, &c.; bifore þat, before (conj.), XI b 195; Byfore, conj. (with subj.), before, VI 170. [OE. be-foran.]

Big, Bigge, v. to take up one's abode; to big his boure, to establish his dwelling, XIV b 26; bigges him, settles himself, XIV b 24. [ON. byggja.] See Biging.

Bigan, Began, &c. See Begynne.

Bigge, Bygge, adj. strong, lusty, big, IV a 51, V 33, VI 14, VII 139, VIII a 207. [See N.E.D.]

Bigge, v. to buy, purchase, pay for, redeem, VIII a 275; Beie, XII b 24; By(e), IV a 65, IX 113; Byye, VI 118; Bugge, XV g 3; pa. t. Boght, IV a 38; Bouȝte, VIII a 201; Bouhte, VIII b 100; Boght, pp. IV a 80, XII b 153, XVII 373; Bought(e), XVI 8, 275; Iboust, XV g 26 (see App. p. 278); it bees boght full dere, you will pay for it dearly, XVII 373. [OE. bycgan, (Kt.) becgan.] See Abugge.

Byggynge, n. buying, IX 90. [From prec.] See Bying.

Bigile, Bygyle, v. to deceive, V 345, 348, 359, XIV b 44. [OE. be- + OFr. guiler.] See Gile.

Biging, n. dwelling, XIV a 20. [From Big, v.]

Bygonne, &c. See Begynne.

Bigruccheth, 3 sg. pres. grumbles at, VIII a 69. [OE. be- + OFr. groucher.] See Grucche.

Byȝe, n. ring, VI 106. [OE. bēg.]

Bihold, Behald(e), v. to behold, look, II 387, 502, IV a 81, XVII 509, 534, &c.; bihold on, behold to, look at, II 367, XVII 343; Beholdes, imper. pl., XVI 195; Behelde, pa. t. sg. VII 64; Biheld, II 101, 320, 323, 530; Behielde, pl. XII a 164; Bihold, -holde(n), pp. II 409, 417, XII b 116. [OE. be-háldan.] See Holde(n).

Bihote, Byhote, v. to promise, vow, VIII a 227; byhote God, I vow to God, VIII a 273; Behihtest, 2 sg. pa. t. XII b 43; Behete, pp. XVII 430; Bihot, XV a 20. [OE. be-hātan.] See Hote.

Bihoue, v. to need; impers. in me bihoues, I must, it is time for me to, V 228; pers. in Bus, 2 sg. pres.; þou bus be, you ought to be, XVI 338; Behufit, pa. t. had need (to), X 156. [OE. be-hōfian; with the reduced form bus cf. has, hast, &c.]

Byye. See Bigge.

Bying, n. redemption, XVI 12. [From By, to buy. See Bigge, v.; Byggynge.]

Biis, n. fine linen, II 242. [OFr. bysse.]

Biknowe, Byknowe, v. to confess, V 317 (I b. yow, I confess to you), VIII b 96; Beknowen, pp. in þou art b. of, you have confessed, V 323. [OE. be-cnāwan, only recorded in sense 'know'.]

Bile, Bill (XVII), n. beak, XII a 182, XVII 508. [OE. bile.]

Byled, pa. t. boiled, bubbled, V 14; Boyled, pp. V 106. [OFr. boillir; for similar development of vowel in V, see Nye, Disstryeȝ.]

Bylyue, n. food, VIII b 21, 29. [OE. bī-leofa.]

Bylongeth, v. impers. it belongs to, befits, VIII b 70. [Be- + Longe, v.²]

Bilow, v. to humble, VIII a 223. [Formed on Lowe adj.]

Bilt, n. dwelling, *II 483 (MS. ybilt, but required sense 'lodged' is unexampled). [Obscurely rel. to ME. bilden, build; see N.E.D.]

Binam, pa. t. sg. in b. [hym] his mnam, deprived him of his talent, VIII a 237; Benome, pp. in b. þe poure ane peny, deprived the poor of a penny, III 13. [OE. be-niman.] See Nyme.

Bynde, v. to bind, unite, IV a 54, XVI 97; Bond, pa. t. sg. XII b 120 (but sb. = trosse is possible; see Bonde, n.); Ybounde, pp. II 394. [OE. bíndan.] See Vnbynde.

Biqueste, n. (bequest), will, VIII a 79. [OE. *be-cwiss, related to be-cweþan, bequeath; cf. Heste.]

Bir, Byr, Bur (V), n. a following wind, VII 126; speed (in with a byr, speedily) XVII 371; violence, V 254; strength, V 193. [ON. byr-r.]

Byrd. See Brid(d).

Bireue, v. to deprive; I wil it hym b., I will deprive him of it, VIII a 242. [OE. be-rēafian, be-rēfan.]

Byrye, v. to bury, I 137, 140, 142, 144. [OE. byrigan.]

Byrne, Burne, v. trans. and intr. to burn, X 21 (rime with in requires Bryn, q.v.), X 181, &c.; Byrnand, pres. p. IV a 26, X 27, 30. [OE. birnan, byrnan, &c., intr.] See Bren, Brin.

Byrthen, n. burden, IV a 49. [OE. byrþen.]

Biseche, Bysech, Beseche, v. to implore, II 113, 453, VI 30, IX 269, 328, XII a 38; Besoghte, pa. t. XII a 26; Besoughte, IX 294. [OE. be + sēcan.] See Seche.

Bisemeȝ, v. impers. it suits, V 123. [Be- + Seme, q.v.]

Bisyde, Besyde, adv. at the side, at one's side, hard by, I 209, V 20, 162, XII b 125. [OE. be sīdan, at the side.]

Biside(n), Be-, Bysyde, prep. beside, XI b 57; (following its case) I 243, II 303, V 197, XIV b 28, &c. See prec.

Bisides, Bisydeȝ, adv. at the side(s), round about, II 401, V 96. [Prec. + adv. -es.]

Bisides, Bysydes, prep. beside, near, XIII a 10; (following pron.) II 281. [As prec.]

Bysy(e), Bysie, Besy (aboute), adj. busy, occupied (with, in), XI b 252, 287, 289, 293, 297. [OE. bisig.]

Bysynes(se), Besynes (IV), n. restlessness, IV b 28; industry, XIII b 24; worldly b. attention to worldly affairs, XI b 2, 309; b. of worldly occupacion, preoccupation with w. affairs, XI b 251. [OE. bisig + -nes.]

Bis(s)chop, Bysshop(p)e, Bissoppe, n. bishop, I 246, III 58 (dat. sg.), VIII a 143, b 74, XI a 66, &c. [OE. biscop.]

Byswykeȝ. See Beswyke.

Biswynke, v. to earn with toil, VIII a 207. [OE. be-swincan.]

Bitaiste (= bitaihte), pa. t. entrusted, XV g 21. [OE. betǣcan, pa. t. betǣ̆hte; on spelling see App. p. 278.]

Byte, v. to bite, XVII 229; apon the bone shal it byte, it shall cut to the bone, XVII 220. [OE. bītan.]

Bitide, Bytyde, &c., v. to happen; to happen to, befall, VI 37; pres. subj. V 127, 315, 341, XIV a 12; Betidde, pp. XVI 100; tide wat bitide, come what may, II 339. [OE. be + tīdan.] See Tide.

Bityme, adv. in all bityme, in good time, XIV b 27. [From bi tyme, in time; cf. OE. tō tīman.] See Tyme.

Bitte, Bytte, n. cutting edge, V 242; blade, V 156. [ON. bit, cutting edge; OE. bite, a cut.]

Bittir, Bytter, adj. bitter, IV b 27; salt (of water), IX 244; grievous, XIV c 68, XVI 207, &c. [OE. bitter.]

Bytuene. See Betwene.

Bytwyste, prep. between (following its noun), VI 104. [A form of ME. be-twixt(e), extended from Betwix, q.v.]

Biwyled, pp. deluded, V 357. [? OE. be + wiglian; cf. biwiȝelien,, Layamon 969.] See Wiles.

Blabre, v. to babble, XI b 248. [Echoic; cf. Babelynge, Blubre.]

Blac, Blak, adj. black, II 265, IX 23, XII a 99; rowe and blac, with shaggy black hair, II 459; Blake, oblique and pl. IX 4, XII a 137, XV c 14. [OE. blæc.]

Blame, n. blame; scolding, XVII 299; v. to blame, V 300, IX 274 (mistranslation; see note), &c.; to blame, in the wrong, XIV b 85. [OFr. bla(s)me; bla(s)mer.]

Blan. See Blynne.

Blasphemye (to), n. blasphemy (against), XI b 110 [OFr. blasfemie.]

Blawene. See Blowe.

Ble, Bleo (XV), n. hue, complexion, in briȝt on ble, fair of face, II 455; radiance, XV b 16. [OE. blēo.]

Blede, v. to bleed, XIV c 13; Bled(de), pa. t. I 119, II 80. [OE. blēdan.]

Blefte. See Bleue.

Blende, pa. t. mingled, in blende in his face, rose to his cheeks, V 303; Blent, pp. in blent ... in blysse, set amidst joy, VI 25. [ME. blenden obscurely related to OE. blándan, or ON. blanda.] See Vnblendyde.

Blended, pp. deluded, V 351. [OE. bléndan.] See Blyndiþ.

Blenk, v. to gleam, V 247. [OE. *blencan, possibly identical with recorded blencan, to cheat; for ME. blenchen, blenken, &c. = to gleam, look at, glance aside, blench, cheat. Compare Glent, Glyfte.]

Blent, Bleo. See Blende, Ble.

Bleþeliche, adv. gladly, III 53. [? Obscure alteration of OE. blīþelīce.]

Bleue, v. to remain; pres. subj. III introd.; Blefte, pa. t. III 18. [OE. belǣfan.] See Leue, v.¹

Bleuȝ, Blew. See Blowe.

Blew, n. blue (stuff), XVII 200 (note); cled in Stafford blew, beaten black and blue; cf. clothe here well yn Stafford blewe, Rel. Ant., I, p. 29. [OFr. bleu.] See Blwe.

Blynde, adj. pl. blind, deluded, XI b 79; as sb., the blind, VIII a 115, 185. [OE. blínd.]

Blyndiþ, 3 sg. pres. (blinds), deludes, XI b 7, 107. [OE. bléndan infl. by blínd, adj.] See Blended.

Blyndnesse, n. blindness, XI b 221. [OE. blindnes.]

Blyn(ne) (of), v. to cease (from), IV a 39, V 254, XVI 16, 236, XVII 110 (or I blyn = without stopping); Blan, pa. t. pl. I 73. [OE. blinnan.]

Blis(se), Blys(se), n. happiness, joy, IV a 11, 40, VI 12, XIV b 19, XV b 3, &c.; as haue I blys, so may I have (eternal) joy, XVII 402. [OE. bliss.]

Bliss(e), Blesse, v. to bless, I introd., VI 76, XVI 400, 404, XVII 174, 256, 300, 467; bless with sign of the cross, V 3, XII b 86; Blist, pp. XVII 514. [OE. blē̆tsian, already infl. by blī̆tsian, blissian, to gladden.]

Blisseful, Blysful, adj. joyous, II 412, 438, VI 49; as sb., blissful one, VI 61; *Blissefulest (MS. blifulest), superl. II 527. [OE. bliss + ful.]

Blissing, -yng, n. blessing, XVI 401, XVII 178. [OE. blē̆tsing.] See Blis(se).

Bliþe, Blyþe, Blith (XIV b), adj. happy, glad, V 253, XIV b 49; bliþe of, glad at, II 573; þatow be bliþe of hir, that you may have joy of her, II 471. [OE. blīþe.]

Blyþely, happily, VI 25. [OE. blīþelīce.] See Bleþeliche.

Bliue, Blyue. See Belyue.

Blo, adj. black and blue, XVII 413. [ON. blá-r.]

Blod(e), Bloode, n. blood, I 119, V 246, IX 141, XV g 16, XVI 12, &c.; creature, XII b 220; byndes blode and bane, keeps the body together, IV a 54. [OE. blōd.]

Blodi, Blody, adj. bloody, II 110, IV a 80, 86, &c.; blody bretheren, brothers in blood, fellow men, VIII a 201. [OE. blōdig.]

Blom, n. flower, perfection, VI 218. [ON. blóm, blómi.]

Blosme(n), n. pl. flowers, blossoms, II 61, XV b 2. [OE. blō̆sma.]

Blowe(n), v. to blow, VII 106, XIII a 7, XV h 6, &c.; to brag, XIV c 101; Bleuȝ, pa. t. sg. XIV c 77; Blew, VII 130, (sounded the trumpet) X 43; Blawene, pp. IV b 13. [OE. blāwan.]

Bloweing, n. blowing (of horns), II 285. [OE. blāwung.]

Blubred, pa. t. bubbled, V 106. [Echoic; cf. Blabre.]

Blunder, n. trouble, confusion, XVII 406. [Not known.]

Blwe, adj. blue, VI 63. [OFr. bleu.] See Blew.

Bo, adv. as well, too, II 27. [OE. bā, adj. neut.] See Boþe.

Boc-house, n. dat. sg. library, III introd. [OE. bōc-hūs.] See Bok(e).

Bodeþ, 3 sg. pres. predicts, portends, XIII a 62. [OE. bodian.]

Bodi(e), Body, n. body, I 113, II 105, XVI 23, &c.; gon on bodi and bones, be in the flesh, live, II 54. [OE. bodig.]

Bodyly, Bodely, adj. of (the) body, bodily (opposed to 'spiritual'), VI 118, XI b 147, 158, &c.; bodely almes, (giving of) charitable gifts for the needs of the body, XI b 2, 270, 301, 303. [From prec.]

Boffet, n. buffet, V 275. [OFr. buffet.]

Bogh, Boȝeȝ (pl. V), Bouȝ (II), n. bough, branch, II 61, V 9, XV a 14, XVII 535. [OE. bōg.]

Boght. See Bigge, v.

Boȝe, v. to bend, bow; turn, go, V 110; Boȝen, pa. t. pl. turned, went their way, V 9; Bowand, pres. p. (bowing), obedient, XVII 76 (cf. Buxome, and Lowte). [OE. būgan.]

Boyes, n. pl. fellows, knaves, XVI 97, 145. [Obscure.]

Boyled. See Byled.

Bok(e), Boc, n. book, III introd., VII 14, 65, IX 294, XI b 229, &c.; Bible, VIII a 248, b 39; Bible, or other book (as a book of the Gospels, a psalter, &c.) on which an oath could be taken, XII b 165. [OE. bōc.]

Bold(e), Balde, adj. bold, II 139, IV a 51, 83, &c.; and that be ye bold, and be sure of that, XVII 524; Boldely, adv. XVI 178. [OE. báld.]

Boldyng, n. encouragement, VII 14. [From prec.; cf. OE. báldian, intr.]

Bole, n. bull; in bole-hyde, bull's hide, XV h 11. [ON. boli.]

Bollyng, n. swelling; for b. of her wombe, to prevent the swelling of their bellies, VIII a 209. [ME. bolle-n, bolne-n, ON. bolgna.]

Bolted, pp. bolted, shackled, VIII a 130. [From OE. bolt, n.]

Bon(e), Bane, n. bone, II 54, IV a 54, VIII a 85, IX 141, XVII 220, 253, &c.; see Bak, Blod(e), Bodi, Flesch. [OE. bān.]

Bond. See Bynde.

Bond(e), n. bond; bond to sheues, the straw binding for sheaves, VIII b 14; her bonde, the bondage they imposed, XIV c 47; Bandis, pl. bonds, XVI 190, 196; Our Lady's bonds, pregnancy, XVII 209 (see N.E.D., s.v. Band, Bond). [ON. band.]

Bond(e)men, n. pl. bondmen, serfs, VIII a 46, b 69; Bondemenne, gen. pl. VIII b 74. [OE. bōnda (from ON. bóndi) + mann, influenced in sense by prec. (etymol. unconnected).]

Bone, n. boon, request, I 131. [ON. bón.]

Bonk(e), Bonkke, Bank(k)e, n. bank, XIII a 40; shore, VII 126; hill-side, V 9, 14, 94, 97, 104, 132, 149, XIV b 20. [ON. bakki, older *banke.]

Bood-worde, n. tidings, XVI 366. [Stem of OE. bodian + wórd; cf. ON. boð-orð, command.]

Booste. See Boste.

Bord(e), n. board, XII a 92, XVII 119, 279; table, II 578, VIII a 262. [OE. bórd.]

Bore, Bare (XIV), n. boar, VIII a 31, XIV b 19, 25, 49, 87. [OE. bār.]

Bore; Born(e). See Bere, v.

Borelych, adj. stout, V 80; massive, V 156. [Obscure.]

Borgh, Borugh, n. town, VIII a 301; in borugh, among townsfolk, XIV d 4. [OE. burg, buruh.]

Borne, Burn, n. stream, V 106, XIV a 2; Buerne, flood, sea (an allit. use), VII 159. [OE. búrne.]

Borow, n. surety; I dar be thi b., I'll go bail (for you), XVII 204. [OE. borg.]

Borwed, pa. t. borrowed, II 499, VIII a 93. [OE. borgian.]

Boste, Booste (XVI), n. boasting, XIV a 20; pride, XIV a 8; arrogance, XIV b 85, XVI 214. [Obscure.]

Boste, v. to boast, XIV c 101; Bosting, n. boasting, XIV a 9. [Obscure.]

Bot(e), But, adv. only, but, II 228, IV a 32, V 97, VI 22, VIII a 276, IX 17, X 159, XIII a 38, &c. [OE. būtan.] See next, and Boute.

Bot(e), But, conj. (i) Except, but, VI 136, VIII b 9, IX 198, &c.; ne ... bote, only, III 6, 22, &c. (cf. Bote, adv.); noȝt deop bote to þe kneo, only knee deep, XIII a 39; bote ȝef, except that, XIII b 5. (ii) Unless (with subj.), VI 68, VIII a 1, 39, 112, 143, b 95, X 73, XV c 17, g 21, XVII 44, 386, 550; bot(e) if, &c., unless, VIII a 17, 53, X 78, XVII 247, &c.; bot þat, unless, II 428. (iii) But, however, yet, I 21, II 74, IV a 57, V 61, VI 14, &c.; (misplaced) XII a 79 (note), 105; bot yit (ȝeit), and yet, X 95, XVII 35, 64, 213. [OE. būtan, būte.]

Bot(e), n. cure, redress, salvation, IV a 7, VIII a 187, XIV c 84; bote of, cure for, II 552. [OE. bōt.]

Botel, n. bottle, VIII b 54. [OFr. botel.]

Botened, pp. cured, I 241, VIII a 185. [Formed on Bot(e), n.]

Boþ(e), Both, Bath (IV, X), adj. and pron. both, IV a 56, V 315, VI 13; in hem boþe (after negative), in either of them, XI b 27; vs both, us two, XVII 185; on bath halfis, on both sides, X 198; vpon boþe halue, on either side, V 2, 97; as adv. (originally pron. in apposition), as well, too, V 306, VIII a 119, 162, 252, 274, b 46; boþ(e) ... and, bath ... and, both ... and, I 52, II 86, IV a 66, &c. [ON. báði-r.] See Bo.

Boþem, n. bottom, V 77. [OE. botm, *boþm (still NWM.); cf. bytme, byþme.]

Bouȝ. See Bogh.

Bouȝte, Bouhte, &c. See Bigge, v.

Boun(e), Bowne, adj. ready, IV a 81, XIV a 9, XVI 201; prompt, XVI 257; make youe b., prepare yourselves, arm, XVI 178; make þe b., hasten, XVI 339; watȝ nawhere b., was not to be found anywhere, VI 174. [ON. búin-n, bún-.] See Busk.

Bounté, excellence, XV c 26. [OFr. bonté.]

Bour(e), Bower, n. abode, XIV b 26, XV e 17, 18; pl. bowers, chambers, XVII 348. [OE. būr.]

Bourde, n. entertainment, II 445; Bourdys, pl. jests, II 9. [OFr. bourde.]

Boute, prep. without, V 285. [OE. būtan.] See Bot(e).

Bowand. See Boȝe.

Bowe, n. bow, IX 258, XII a 57. [OE. boga.]

Bowers. See Bour(e).

Braggere, n. braggart, VIII a 148. [From ME. braggen, of unknown origin.]

Braid. See Brode.

Braide, Brayd, Brade, n. a sudden movement; in a brade, in a trice, XVII 21; bittir braide, grievous onslaught, XIV c 68, XVI 207. [OE. brægd.]

Brayde, v. to move quickly; draw, V 251; Brayde, pa. t. threw, V 309; Brayde, pp. in brayde down, lowered, V 1. [OE. bregdan.]

Brayn, n. brain, XV h 6 (distrib. sg.; see Hert). [OE. brægn.]

Brak. See Breke(n).

Brandis, n. pl. pieces of burnt wood, X 113. [OE. bránd.]

Bras, n. brass, XVI 196. [OE. bræs.]

Brast. See Brest(e).

Braunche, Branch, n. branch, I 121, V 109, XVII 511. [OFr. branche.]

Bre, n. foaming sea, VII 152. [App. a curious allit. use of OE. brīw, *brēo, broth.]

Bred(e), n. bread, VIII a 18, 129, 131, 207, 298; as euer ete I brede = so may I live, on my life, XVII 395; hors bred, houndes bred, bread of beans, bran, &c., for the food of horses and dogs, VIII a 208. [OE. brēad.]

Bred-corne, n. grain for bread, VIII a 64. [Prec. + OE. corn.]

Brede, Breed, n. breadth, XVII 126; of breed, in breadth, XVII 259. [OE. brǣdu.]

Brede, v. intr. (to expand), grow, VI 55. [OE. brǣdan.]

Bredeȝ, n. pl. planks, V 3. [OE. bred.]

Breff, adj. brief, meagre, VII 74. [OFr. bref.]

Breke(n), v. to break, violate, VIII a 31, IX 46, XI b 187, XVI 257, XVII 387, &c.; intr. II 338, IX 118; Brak, pa. t. sg. X 106; Breke, pa. t. pl. V 14; Broke, pp. injured, VIII b 34 (see Broke-legged, VIII a 130); Brokynne, broken, XVI 195. [OE. brecan.]

Brekynge, n. breaking; smale b., breaking a long note into a number of short ones, fine trilling, XI b 138. [OE. brecung.]

Brem(e), adj. fierce, violent, V 132, VII 139, 152, &c.; threatening, wild, V 77; passionate, VII 104; glorious, II 61; adv. gloriously, XV b 27. [OE. brēme, adj. and adv.]

Brem(e)ly, adv. fiercely, violently, V 251, VII 106; exceedingly, V 165. [From prec.]

Bren, Bran, n. bran, VIII a 175, 278. [OFr. bren.]

Bren, v. to burn; Brent, pp. VII 152, 159; Brennynge, pres. p. fervent, XI b 67; Brennynge, n. burning, IX 10. [ON. brenna.] See Byrne, Brin.

Brent, adj. steep, V 97. [Cf. OE. brant.]

Bren-waterys, n. pl. XV h 22, 'water-burners', i.e. blacksmiths (from the hiss of the hot iron when plunged in water). Compare burn-the-wind, a nickname for blacksmiths. [Bren, v. + Watter.]

Brere, n. briar, II 276. [OE. brǣr, brēr.]

Brest, n. breast, V 303. [OE. brēost.]

Brest(e), Brast (XVII), v. trans. and intr. to burst, IV a 81, XV h 6, XVII 264; Barste, pa. t. sg. VIII a 171; Brosten, pp. XVI 196. [OE. berstan; ON. bresta.]

Bretfull, adj. full to the brim, VII 164. [OE., ME. brerdfull, prob. with substitution of ON. cognate form *bredd-; cf. Swed. bräddfull.]

Brether(en). See Broþer.

Breue, v. to set down in writing; Breuyt, pa. t. sg. VII 65; pp. VII 14. [Med. L. breviāre, OE. brēfan.]

Brid(d), Byrd (XVII), n. young bird, XII a 196; (small) bird, II 305, VII 104, XII a 169, 172, XVII 514, &c. [OE. bridd, young bird (late Nth. pl. birdas).]

Brydel, n. bridle, V 84. [OE. brīdel.]

Brygge, n. (draw)bridge, V 1. [OE. brycg.] See Draw-brig.

Bryght(e), Briȝt, Bryȝt, Briht (XII), Bryht (XV), &c., adj. and adv. bright, II 152, 269, 455, IV a 72, b 6, V 158, XII b 130, XV b 26, XVII 9, &c. [OE. berht, byrht.]

Brightnes, n. splendour, XVII 15, 20. [OE. berht-nes.]

Brimme, Brymme, n. water's edge, V 104; brink, XII b 32. [OE. brymme.]

Brin, Bryn, v. trans. to burn, X 21 (implied by rime); Brynt, Brint, pa. t. X 113; pp. X 32, 165. [ON. brinna.] See Bren, Byrne.

Bring(e), Bryng(e), v. to bring, take, escort; cause to be; IV a 7, b 46, VIII a 64, IX 60, X 17, XI a 3 (adduce), XII a 193, XIV b 68, &c.; Broght(e), Broȝt(e), Brought, Brouȝt(e), pa. t. I 123, II 93, III 11, VIII a 288, XII a 25, b 47 (subj.), XVI 161, &c.; pp. V 77, VII 90, XIV b 72, &c.; Ybrouȝt, II 389, 563; bryng it to an ende, accomplish it, IX 169; bringen forth, bring forth, produce, IX 60, XII a 193; to thay bryng, until they bring (something), XVII 499; broughte oute of, rescued from, XVI 161; brought it so breff, made it so meagre, VII 74; broght dede, brought to death, I 213. [OE. bringan.]

Brynstane, n. sulphur, X 20. [OE. bryn-stān.]

Brytouns, n. pl. men of Brittany, II 16. [OFr. Breton; L. Brit(t)ōnem, Briton.]

Britoner, Brytonere, n. a man of Brittany, VIII a 148, 169. [From prec.]

Brockes, n. pl. badgers, VIII a 31. [OE. brocc.]

Brode, adj. broad, V 1, 165, VII 106, XV g 5; Brood, XIII a 39; Braid, X 24. [OE. brād.]

Broght(e), Broȝt(e). See Bring(e).

Broke, n. brook, stream, V 14, 132, VIII a 129. [OE. brōc.]

Broke, Brokynne. See Breke(n).

Broke-legged, adj. broken-legged, crippled, VIII a 130. See Breke(n), Legges.

Brood. See Brode.

Brosten. See Brest(e).

Broþe, adj. fierce, V 165. [ON. bráð-r.]

Broþely, adv. fiercely, V 309. [ON. bráð-liga.]

Broþer, n. brother, I 210, XII a 6; Brother, gen. sg. XII a 18; Brether, pl. XVII 318, 320 (see note); Breþeren, brethren, VIII a 201, XI b 243, &c. [OE. brōþor; ON. brǽðr, pl.]

Brouch, n. trinket, XIII b 23 (translates L. crepundia). [OFr. broche.]

Brouȝt(e), &c. See Bring(e).

Broun(e), Browne, adj. brown, VIII a 301, XV c 14; dull-hued, IX 38, 98; dark, VI 177. [OE. brūn.]

Browe, n. pl. eyebrows, XV c 14; forehead, V 238. [OE. brū.]

Buen. See Ben.

Buerne(s). See Borne, Burne.

Bugge. See Bigge, v.

Bugles, n. pl. bullocks, IX 256. [OFr. bugle.]

Bur. See Bir.

Burde, pa. t. subj. impers. (it would befit) in me burde, I had better, ought to, V 210, 360. [OE. ge-byrian.]

Burgase, Buriays, n. pl. burgesses, citizens, II 504, XIV b 65. [OFr. burgeis, sg. and pl.]

Buriel, Buryel, n. tomb, XIII a 46. [OE. byrgels.]

Burne. See Byrne.

Burne, n. warrior, knight, man, V 3, 21, 210, 247, 252, 270, 309, VI 37; voc. sir (knight), V 216, 254; Buernes, pl. VII 90, 91. [OE. béorn.]

Burnist, pp. polished, II 368. [OFr. burnir, burniss-.]

Burþ-tonge, n. native speech, XIII b 16, 43. [OE. byrþ- + túnge.]

Bus. See Bihoue.

Busk, v. (to prepare oneself); make haste, V 216; refl. in busk þe, hasten, XIV a 22; trans. (prepare), make, V 180. [ON. búa-sk, refl.] See Boune.

Busshel, n. bushel (a measure of volume varying very greatly at different times and places), VIII a 64. [OFr. buissiel.]

But. See Bot(e).

Butras, n. (? pl.) buttress, II 361. [? OFr. bouterez, nom. sg., or pl., of bouteret.]

Buþ. See Ben.

Buxome, adj. obedient, willing, VIII a 188. [Stem of OE. būgan + -sum.] See Boȝe.

Caas. See Cas(e).

Cagge(n), v. to tie up, VI 152. [Not known; only allit.]

Cayre, v. to ride, V 52. [ON. keyra.]

Calabre, n. calaber (a squirrel fur), VIII a 265. [OFr. Calabre, Calabria.]

Calde. See Colde.

Call(e), v. to call (cry, summon, name), I 32, IV b 47, VI 182, X 70, XVI 126, XVII 432, &c.; subj. sg. XVI 141; Cald, pp. named, VII 70, XVII 513. [OE. (late) ceallian, from ON. kalla.]

Cam. See Com.

Cammede, adj. XV h 5; ? snub-nosed (cf. Reeve's Tale, 14); ? crooked (fits context better, but see etym.). [Cf. OFr., ME. camus, snub-nosed; cammed, bent (from Welsh cam), is not else recorded till later.]

Can, v.¹ I know, know how to, can. Pres. ind. 1, 3 sg. Can, II 22, 437, XIII b 38 (knows), &c.; Con, V 70, 215, XV c 26; Kan(ne), I 45, IV a 11, 90, XVI 74; 2 sg. Can(ne), XVI 100, XVII 229; Canstow (see Þou), VIII b 12; pl. Can, IX 208; Con, VI 21; Conen, know, IX 185, 208; Conne, VI 161; Conneþ, VIII a 116, XIII a 17, b 22, 38 (know); Cunne, XIV c 101; Kan(e), IV b 21, 41, 44, 86; Konne, VIII a 70; Kunnen, XI b 153 (know), 275; pres. subj. Conne, VIII a 143; Kun(ne), XIV b 90, VIII a 250; pa. t. Couþe, Cowþe, I introd., V 115, 205, XII introd., b 200, &c.; cowþeȝ (2 sg.) with double constr., VI 124 (note); pa. t. subj. could, might (have), Coude, XI b 271, XVII 286; Couþe, V 276, 353; Cowth, XVII 473. Can no other red, XII b 102, see Red; how I can of, what I can do in the way of, XVII 250. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish this verb from the next (e.g. at V 205, VI 139, XVII 468). [OE. can, con; cūþe.]

Can, Con, v.² auxil. used with infin. as equivalent of simple pa. t. (con calle = called, V 144), and also, by confusion with prec., of a present (con dresse = brings about, VI 135); 1, 3 sg. Con, V 167, 227, VI 51, 77, 93, 181, 221, 223, &c.; 2 sg. Coneȝ, VI 122; pl. Can, X 50, 66, 108, 112; Con, VI 149, 191; pa. t. did, ? V 205 (see prec.). [Due to confusion in form, and partly also in sense, between Gan (q.v.) and prec.; cf. begouth (s.v. Begynne).]

Canell, n. cinnamon, IX 158. [OFr. canelle.]

Caple, n. horse, V 107. [Cf. ON. kapall; see N.E.D.]

Cardinales, n. pl. cardinals, XIV b 40, 41. [OFr. cardinal.]

Care, Kare, n. woe, misery, IV a 18, 44, 60, V 316, VI 11, &c.; care (of), anxiety (concerning), V 311. [OE. caru.]

Care, v. to have sorrow, XIV b 1. [OE. carian.]

Carie, v. to carry, XII b 27. [ONFr. carier.]

Caroigne, Caryon, n. dead body, carrion, VIII a 85, XVII 502. [ONFr. caroigne; the phonology of the second form is obscure.]

Carp, v. to converse, VI 21; prate, XVII 360. [ON. karpa, brag.]

Carpyng, n. narration, X introd. [From prec.]

Cart, n. cart, VIII b 13, XVII 534; v. to cart, VIII b 66; Cartere, n. carter (as a name), XIV d 3; Cart-mare, n. draught-mare, VIII a 282. [ON. kart-r, OE. cræt.]

Cas, Case, n. chance, general run of events, circumstances, plight, II 175, III 20, VII 25, 73, XII a 49, b 194, &c.; Caas, pl. XIII b 40; in cas, it may be, XI 101, 105, 216; per cas, by chance, XII a 7, b 4. [OFr. cas.]

Cast(e), v.; Cast(e), pa. t. V 249, XII b 70, &c.; Kest, V 207; Casten, pp. IV a 60; Icast, XIV c 79; Kast, I 143; Kest, V 174; to cast, throw, put, I 143, IV b 3, VIII a 61, X 33, XII b 103, &c.; (in charity), VIII a 16; to cast off, XVII 262; icast out, abandoned, XIV c 79; to offer, propose, V 174, 207; to scheme, XI b 306. [ON. kasta; for e forms before st cf. Morsbach, ME. Gram. § 87, n. 2.] See Kest, n.; Vpcaste.

Castel(l), n. castle, II 159, X 173, XVII 349, 538; a tower or raised structure on the deck of a ship (see Topcastell), XVII 272. [OE. (late) castel from ONFr. castel.]

Catel, Catayll, Catall, n. sg. collect., goods, property, VIII a 86, 141, 214, XIV c 75, XVI 242, XVII 156 (cattle), 326. [ONFr. catel.]

Cateractes, n. pl. flood-gates, XVII 343, 451 (see Genesis, vii. 11, viii. 2; Vulgate cataractæ, sluices).

Caue, n. cave, V 114, XII a 65. [OFr. cave.]

Cause (of), n. cause, reason (of), XI a 17, 54, XIII b 66, XIV c 9; cause þerto, cause for it, XVII 102; cause, side in a quarrel, &c., IX 82, XI a 50. [OFr. cause.]

Cawht. See Kache.

Cerched. See Serche.

Certayn(e), Certeyn(e), Sarteyn(e) (XVI), adj. certain, sure; fixed, definite, XI b 113, XVI 225; some particular, IX 268; come to no certeyn, came to nothing, I 179; nouȝt of certeyne, no definite rule, VIII a 145; adv. assuredly, indeed, I 231, XVI 94, XVII 176, &c. [OFr. certain.]

Certes, Certis, adv. certainly, truly, VIII b 22, X 134, XI b 42, 293. [OFr. certes.]

Cesse, Sesse, v. to cease, leave off, come to an end, VIII a 172, XI b 205, XVI 44, 294; Cest, pp. XVII 451; Cessynge, n. ceasing, XI b 85. [OFr. cesser.]

Chace, n. quarry (in hunting), XII b 7. [OFr. chace.]

Chace(n), to pursue, drive, IX 167, 229; chace of, drive, oust from, VI 83. [OFr. chacier.]

Chaffare, v. to engage in trade, VIII a 235, b 98. [From ME. chapfare, chaffare, n.; see Chapuare.]

Chayngede. See Chaunge.

Chambre(s). See Chaumber.

Chanel, n. channel, river-bed, XIII a 57. [OFr. chanel.] Cf. Kanel.

Chapel(le), n. chapel, private oratory (attached to a castle, &c.), V 35, 118, &c.; Schapellis, pl. XI b 234. [OFr. chapelle.]

Chapelleyn, Chaplayn, n. chaplain (a priest serving a 'chapel'; see prec.), VIII a 12, V 39. [OFr. chapelain.]

Chapman, n. merchant, XII b 179. [OE. cēap-man.]

Chapuare, n. trading, bargain, III 60. [OE. cēap + faru; cf. ON. kaup-för.] See Chaffare, v.

Charde, pa. t. sg. turned back, ceased to flow, VI 248. [OE. cerran.]

Charge, n. burden; weight, IV b 48; a þing of charge, a weighty, important matter, XIV c 52. [OFr. charge.] See next.

Charge(n), v. to burden, IV b 51; charge(n) with, to burden with, to impose as an obligation, XI b 150, 198, 199, &c.; to enjoin, order (a person), XI b 15, 31, 71, 120, 193; to attach weight, importance, to, XI b 104, 106, 184, 188, 225. [OFr. charger.]

Charious, adj. burdensome, XI b 204. [OFr. chargeous, charjous.]

Charité, Charyté, n. charity, christian love (for God or one's fellows), IV b 15, VI 110, XI b 25, &c.; out of ch., not in a state of ch., XI b 26, 89; I will kepe ch., I will not lose my temper, XVII 235; par charité, for ch., for of saynte ch., (formulæ used in prayers, or requests), in the name of (holy) charity, VIII a 250, XV d 5, XVII 165, 174; amen for ch., a formula of conclusion, XVII 558. [OFr. charité; (de) par (sainte) charité.]

Charke, v. to creak, XII a 70. [OE. cearcian.]

Charnel, n. cemetery, VIII a 50. [OFr. charnel.]

Chaste, v. to rebuke, punish, VIII a 53, 318. [OFr. chastier.]

Chastice, Chastis(e), Chastyse, v. to punish, chastise, curb, XIV c 70, d 5, XVII 398, 403. [OFr. (rare) chastiser.]

Chaud(e), adj. hot, VIII a 306; (Fr. word indicating affectation of manners above labourers' station.)

Chaumber, Chambre (XVII), n. room (usually a smaller private room or bedroom), II 100, 196, 584, XVII 129, 281 (see Ches, and note), &c. [OFr. chambre.]

Chaunce, Chance, n. chance, fortune, adventure, event, I 22, 25, 28, 135, 221, V 331, VII 16; for ch. þat may falle, whatever may happen, V 64; he cheueȝ þat chaunce, he contrives that event, brings it to pass, V 35; per chance, XII b 18, 57. [OFr. ch(e)ance.]

Chaunge, Change, v. to alter, change, trans. and intr., IV a 2, 42, XII a 125, XIII a 4, 56, XV a 22, &c.; Chayngede, pa. t. XIII b 28; Ychaunged, pp. VIII b 85, XIII b 27. Chaunged his cher, V 101, see Chere. [OFr. changier; chaingier.]

Chaungyng, n. vicissitudes, VII 16; ch. of wit, alteration of sense, mistranslation, XI a 47.

Chees. See Chese, v.

Cheyne, n. chain, X 31. [OFr. chaine.]

Chekes, n. pl. cheeks, VIII a 169; maugré Medes (thi) chekes, in Meed's (thy) despite, VIII a 41, 151; see Maugré. [OE. cēace, cēce.]

Chekke, n. ill-luck, V 127. [OFr. eschec, checkmate.]

Chelde, adj. cold, XV e 16. [OE. (WS.) céald.] See Colde.

Chenes, n. pl. fissures, XIII a 8. [OE. cine, cion-.]

Chepynge, n. market, VIII a 294. [OE. cēping.]

Cher(e), Chiere (XII), n. face, XV c 15; looks, XII a 120; demeanour, VI 47; mery chere, gladness, XVII 463. Chaunged his cher, V 101; ? altered the direction in which he faced, turned this way and that (cf. Sir Gaw., 711); but the phrase elsewhere always refers to colour or expression of face. [OFr. chiere, chere.]

Cherche, Chirche, Churche, n. church, Church, I 3, 21, VIII a 12, 50, b 12, 63 (note), XI a 62, b 178, &c. [OE. cirice, circe.] See Kirke.

Chercheȝerd, n. churchyard, I 3, 66, 263; Cherche porche, church porch, I 77. [Prec. + OE. géard; OFr. porche.]

Cherles. See Chorle.

Cheruelles, n. pl. chervils (a garden pot-herb), VIII a 289. [OE. cerfille.]

Ches, Chese (MS. chefe), n. in thre ches(e), three tiers or rows of, XVII 129, 281 (followed by sg. noun). [Perhaps a use of ME. ches, chess, as 'rows of squares' (OFr. eschez, pl. of eschec, see Chekke).]

Chese, v. to choose; chese ȝou, choose (for) yourselves, II 217; Chees, Ches, pa. t. sg. XI b 56, XII a 110; for past pple. see Ycore. [OE. cēosan.]

Cheses, n. pl. cheeses, VIII a 276. [OE. cēse.]

Chesible, n. chasuble (the outer vestment of a priest when celebrating Mass), VIII a 12. [OFr. chesible.]

Chesouns, n. pl. reasons, XI a 50. [Shortened from OFr. ache(i)son; see Enchesone.]

Cheualrous, adj. chivalrous, V 331. [OFr. chevalerous.] See Chiualrye.

Cheue, v. (to acquire), control, bring about; cheueȝ þat chaunce, brings that event to pass, V 35; Cheuyt, pp. brought about, VII 16. [OFr. chever and achever.] See Acheue.

Cheuentayn, n. chieftain, Lord, VI 245. [OFr. chevetaine.]

Chibolles, n. pl. chibols, a variety of small onion, VIII a 289. [ONFr. *chiboule, OFr. ciboule.]

Chyche, n. niggard, VI 245. [OFr. chiche, adj.]

Chyde, v. intr. to complain, find fault, VI 43, VIII a 307, 314. [OE. cīdan.]

Chiere. See Cher(e).

Child, Chylde, n. child, III 39, IV a 73, &c., child hys, child's, XIII b 23; Childer, Chylder, pl. XVII 327, 527; Childern, Chyldern, XIII b 16, 33, 37, &c.; Children, VIII a 91, &c. [OE. cíld; cildru, pl.]

Child-bedde, n.; on child-bedde, in travail, II 399. [OE. cíld + bedd.]

Chillyng, n. becoming cold, in for chillyng of here mawe, to prevent their stomachs getting cold, VIII a 306. [OE. cilian; but see N.E.D.]

Chirche. See Cherche.

Chiries, n. pl. cherries, VIII a 289. [ONFr. cherise, sg.; cf. OE. cires-bēam.]

Chyteryng, n. chattering, XIII b 14. [Echoic.]

Chiualrye, n. knighthood, the knights as a body, XIV c 42. [OFr. chev-, chivalerie.] See Cheualrous.

Chorle, n. common man, V 39; Cherles, pl. VIII a 50. [OE. céorl.]

Cité, Cyté, Cytee, Citie, Sité, n. city, II 48, 479, VII 66, 85, VIII b 94, IX 23, XIII b 67, &c. [OFr. cité.]

Cytryne, adj. lemon-yellow, IX 115. [OFr. citrin.]

Clanly, adv. elegantly, VII 53. [OE. clǣ̆n-līce.] See Clene.

Clatere, v. to clatter, resound, V 133, VII 137. [OE. clatrian.]

Clateryng, n. clattering, XV h 4. [OE. clatrung.]

Clause, n. clause (in grammar), XIV c 11 (see Construwe). [Med.L. clausa, OFr. clause.]

Cled, pp. clad; cled in Stafford blew, beaten black and blue, XVII 200; see Blew. [OE. clǣþan (rare).]

Cleket, n. trigger, X 82. [OFr. cliquet.]

Clene, adj. clean, IV b 6, V 323, 325; unmixed, VIII a 299; pure, VII 179, XI b 295, XV i 7; elegant, VII 77; splendid, VII 150 (or adv.). [OE. clǣne.] See Clanly, Clense.

Clen(e), Cleane, adv. entirely, VII 150 (or adj.), XIV b 77, c 56, 80. [OE. clǣne.]

Clengeȝ, 3 sg. pres. clings, V 10. [OE. *cléngan.] See Clingge.

Clense, v. to cleanse, clear out, IV a 7, VIII a 98. [OE. clǣ̆nsian.]

Clepe(n), Clepyn, v. to call (cry, summon, name), I introd., II 201, III 12, 24, IX 27, XII a 76, b 16; Cleped, Clept, pp. II 49, IX 3, XII a 6, &c.; Ycleped, II 52, III 17, 32. [OE. cleopian.]

Clere, adj. clear, bright, glorious, fair, II 269, 358, V 283, VII 107, 123, XVI 128, 389; free (from guilt), *XVI 356 (MS. clene); adv. clearly, VII 77; Clerlych, adv. clearly, XIII a 12. [OFr. cler.]

Clerematyn, n. (? lit. 'fine morning') appar. name of a fine flour, or bread made from it, VIII a 299. [? OFr. cler matin.]

Clerk(e), n. one in holy orders, ecclesiastic (opp. to 'lay'), scholar, writer, II 2, VII 53, VIII b 56, 58, XI a 36, 59, b 55, 177, XVI 283, &c.; Clerkus, pl. VIII b 65. [OE. cler(i)c; OFr. clerc.]

Clete, n. cleat, small (wedge-shaped) piece of wood; ȝaf nouȝt a cl. of = cared not a rap for, XIV c 54. [OE. *clēat; cf. OHG. chlōȥ, MDu. cloot.]

Cleue, v. to split, V 133. [OE. clēofan.]

Clyff, n. cliff, rock, V 10, 133. [OE. clif.]

Clingge, v. XV a 8; the clot him clingge, may the earth of the grave cling to him (or waste him; cf. alþaȝ oure corses in clotteȝ clynge, Pearl 857); Yclongen, pp. withered, II 508. [OE. clíngan, shrivel, shrink.] See Clengeȝ.

Clipte, pa. t. sg. clasped, XII b 62. [OE. clyppan.]

Cloise. See Clos.

Cloistre, n. monastery, III introd., VIII a 141. [OFr. cloistre.]

Cloke, n. cloak, VIII a 265. [OFr. cloque.]

Clomben, pa. t. pl. climbed, V 10. [OE. clímban; pa. t. pl. clúmbon.]

Cloos, n. enclosure; in cloos, enclosed, IX 191. [OFr. clos.]

Clos, Cloise (oi = ō, cf. Coyll), adj. closed; secluded, forbidden, VII 179; close, VI 152 (man hit cl., make it secure); adv. (or predic. adj.) close, near, VII 137. [OFr. clos.]

Close, v. to close, enclose, IX 172, XI b 39; Yclosed, pp. XIII a 24, 40. [From prec.] See Enclose.

Clot, n. clod, XV a 8 (see Clingge); Clottes, pl. lumps, XIII a 5. [OE. clott.]

Cloþ, n. a cloth, XV f 8; cloth, VIII a 14; Cloþes, &c., pl. clothes, I 165, 236, II 408, VII 175, VIII b 18, XI b 257, XIII a 9, &c. [OE clāþ.]

Cloþed, pp. clothed, VIII b 2. [OE. (late) clāþian.]

Cloþe-merys, n. pl. ? mare-clothers (? contemptuous reference to blacksmiths as fashioning pieces of horse-armour; for similar compound see Brenwaterys), XV h 21. [Prec. + OE. mēre.]

Cloude, n.¹ clod of earth; under cloude, in the ground, XV b 31. [OE. clūd, mass of earth, or rock.]

Cloud(e), Clowde, n.² cloud, VII 107, 137, XII a 137. [Prob. same as prec.]

Clout, n. piece of cloth, XV f 8, 11. [OE. clūt.]

Cloute, v. to patch; cloute more to, stick more on to it, XI b 200; go cloute thi shone, go and cobble your shoes, 'run away and play', XVII 353; Yclouted, pp. patched, VIII a 61. [OE. clūtian.]

Clowe; clowe gylofres, cloves, IX 157. [OFr. clou (nail) de girofle (gilofre).]

Clustre, n. bunch, IX 153, 160. [OE. cluster.]

Cnistes. See Knyght(e).

Cnowe. See Knowe.

Coc, Cok, n. cock, XII a 77, XV g 33. [OE. cocc.]

Coffes, n. pl. mittens, gloves, VIII a 62. [Unknown; cf. Prompt. Parv., 'cuffe, glove or meteyne'.]

Coyll, n. lit. cabbage; pottage, cabbage or vegetable soup, XVII 389. [OE. cāl; oy = ō (see the rimes).] See Koleplantes.

Coke, v. to put hay into cocks, VIII b 13. [From (obscure) ME. cocke, hay-cock; see N.E.D.]

Coker, n. a labourer (at haymaking or harvest), VIII b 13. [From prec.; cf. Cath. Angl., 'coker, autumnarius'.]

Cokeres, n. pl. leggings, VIII a 62. [OE. cocor, quiver; cf. Prompt. Parv., 'cocur, cothurnus'.]

Coket, n. very fine flour next in grade to the finest (wastell), VIII a 299. [Panis de coket occurs in 14th c. legal Latin; connexion between this and AFr. cokkette, Anglo-L. coketa, cocket, seal of King's Customhouse, has been suggested, but not proved.]

Cold(e), adj. cold, I 119, VII 115, &c.; Calde, IV a 82. [OE. cáld.]

Cold(e), n. cold, I 163, IX 31, XV f 13; for colde of, to keep the cold from (see For, prep.), VIII a 62. [OE. cáld.] See Chelde.

Col(e), n. live coal, IV a 13; coal, XV h 5. [OE. col, live coal.]

Coloppes, n. pl. 'collops', eggs fried on bacon, VIII a 280. [See N.E.D., s.v. Collop, and Cockney.]

Colour, n. colour, IX 34, XII a 55, &c.; outward appearance, XI b 217. [OFr. colour.]

Com, Come(n), Cum (X), v. to come, I 80, 176, II 137, V 43, X 45, 173, XVII 241, &c.; Comest, 2 sg. wilt come, XV g 5; Commys, 3 sg. XVII 507; Cam, pa. t. I 77, II 153, VIII a 294, &c.; Com(e), I 32, II 91, III 3, V 107, VI 222, VII 83, &c.; pa. t. subj. (should come, &c.), VI 214, 238, VIII a 108, X 29, XV g 30; Come(n), pp. I 161, II 29, 181, IX 314, &c.; Comyn, VII 40, 102; Comne, IV a 23; Cumen, XIV b 8, 87; Ycome(n), II 203, 319, 404, 422, 478, 592. With dat. refl. pron. in: foret hym com, forth came, XV g 18; in him com ... gon, came (walking) in (cf. OE. cōm inn gān), XV g 24; him com, III 19. Comen of, descended from, II 29. [OE. cuman, cōm, cumen.]

Coma(u)nde, Comawnde, Commaund, v. to command, I 105, VIII a 16, XI b 66, XV i 1, XVI 341, XVII 118, &c.; with to, XI b 40; to commend, V 343; to entrust, give, XI b 222. [OFr. comander.]

Com(m)aundement, &c., n. commandment, IV b 15, XI b 63, 86, 226; gaf in comm., commanded, XVII 32. [OFr. comandement.] See Maundement.

Comenci (II), Comse (VIII), v. to begin, VIII a 34, 309; pres. subj. II 247 (note to l. 57). [OFr. comencer.] See Comessing.

Comendacion, n. 'Commendation of Souls', an office for the dead (made a part of daily office) which originally ended with the prayer Tibi, Domine, commendamus, XI b 132.

Comessing, n. beginning, II 57. See Comenci.

Comford, &c. See Conforte, v.

Comyng(e), n. coming, advent, XII a 35, XVI 315, 363, &c.; hom comynge, homecoming, IX 285. See Com.

Comyn(s). See Com, Comun.

Comly(ch), adj. fair, beautiful, V 343, XVII 71. [OE. cȳmlic, influ. in ME. by assoc. with becomen.]

Comlyng, n. stranger, foreigner, XIII b 45. [OE. cuma + -ling.]

Commys. See Com.

Commyxstion, n. intermingling, XIII b 12. [L. commixtiōnem.]

Comne. See Com.

Comounly, adv. usually, IX 51; in common, IX 60. See Comun.

Compayni, n. company, II 462; Company(e), VII 150, IX 312, &c.; Cumpany(e), X 147, &c.; in cumpanye, in the society of men, I introd., IX 288. [OFr. compai(g)nie.]

Comparison, n. comparison; wiþoute comparison, XI b 237. [OFr. comparaison, -eson.]

Compelle, v. to compel, XI b 51, XIII b 18. [OFr. compeller.]

Compilet, pp. compiled, put together, VII 53. [OFr. compiler.]

Comprehended, pa. t. sg. comprised, embraced, IX 300. [L. comprehendere.]

Compunccion, n. repentance, XI b 180. [OFr. compunction.]

Comse. See Comenci.

Comun(e), adj. common (people), XIV b 67; as sb., the community, VIII b 20, 79; Comunes, Comyns, pl. the common people; the Commons (as an estate of the realm), XIV b 67, c 73; lay men, XI a 39, 59. [OFr. comun; and direct from L. commūnis.]

Con(en), Coneȝ. See Can, v.¹ and v.²

Concyens, Conscience, n. conscience, IV b 15, VIII b 87, &c.; (personified) VIII b 6, &c. [OFr. conscience.]

Condicioun, n. nature, quality, XII a 120. [OFr. condicion.]

Confederat, adj. allied, XIII b 5. [L. con-fœderātus.]

Confesse, v. to confess, XI b 143; confessed clene, made clean by confession, V 323. [OFr. confesser.]

Conforme, v. (refl.), to suit (oneself), make (oneself) suitable, XII a 184. [OFr. conformer.]

Confort, Coumforde, n. support, comfort, consolation, VI 9, VIII b 79, XII a 151. [OFr. con-, cunfort.]

Conforte, Com-, v. to comfort, succour, support, IV a 15, VIII a 214; Comford, pa. t. pl. VII 173. [OFr. conforter.]

Confusyun, n. putting to shame, I 203. [OFr. confusion.]

Congele, v. to congeal, IX 64. [OFr. congeler.]

Conig, n. rabbit, XIV b 75. [OFr. conin, coning.]

Conne, Conneþ, &c. See Can, v.¹

Connynge, n. intelligence, IV b 56, 79. [From cunn-, old infin. stem of Can, v.¹]

Conquerour, n. conqueror, XIV c 92. [OFr. conquerour.]

Conquest, n. the (Norman) Conquest, XIII b 32. [OFr. conqueste.]

Consaile (-sale, -seyl, -seille), Counsail(le), (-sayle, -sayll), n. counsel, deliberation, advice, II 179, VIII a 309, X 15, XIV b 40, 43, XVI 114, 163, XVII 157; prudence, IV b 56, 57, 61; council, VIII a 312, IX 296, 298. [OFr. conseil, c(o)unseil, counsel, council.]

Conseille, v. to advise, VIII a 14; Counsell, imper. sg. XVII 472. [OFr. conseillier.]

Consente, v. to agree; consented to o wyl, was agreed, I 49. [OFr. consentir.]

Consider, v. to reflect, XVII 291. [OFr. considerer.]

Constreyne, v. to force, VIII b 56, XI b 248. [OFr. constreign-, stem of constreindre.]

Construccion, n. construing, XIII b 28. [L. constructiōnem; see next.]

Constru(w)e, v. to construe, interpret, XIII b 18, 34; pres. subj. pl. in ȝif ȝe c. wel þis clause, if you see the point of what I say, XIV c 11. [L. construere.]

Conteyne, v. to contain, IX 337, XIII a 20. [OFr. contenir, conteign-, stem of subj.]

Contemplacio(u)n, Contemplacyone, n. contemplation (of God), IV b 51, XI b 11, 308. [OFr. contemplacion.]

Contemplatyf, -if, adj. contemplative, devoted to prayer and contemplation of God, VIII a 245, XI b 1, 8, &c. [OFr. contemplatif.]

Continue, v. to persevere, VIII b 40, 110. [OFr. continuer.]

Contynuell, adj. continual, IX 32. [OFr. continuel.]

Contray (XIII), Contré, -ee, -ey, (IX), Countré (XVII), Cuntray (II), Cuntré (I), Cuntrey (XI), n. country, land, region, I 253, II 351, IX 4, 9, 26, 134, 138, XI a 35, XIII a 41, b 63, XVII 487 (see Sere), &c., as adj. in contray longage, language of the land, XIII b 13. [OFr. contrée, c(o)untrée.]

Contrarie (to), adj. opposed (to), XI b 54. [OFr. contrarie.]

Contrefetes, n. pl. imitations, IX 117. [OFr. contrefet, pp., made like.] See Counterfete, v.

Cop, n. top, XIII a 45. [OE. copp.]

Cope, n. long cloak, XII a 53; esp. the out-door cloak of an ecclesiastic, VIII a 182. [OE. *cāpe, from Med.L. cāpa.]

Cope, v. to provide with 'copes', VIII a 141. [From prec.]

Copuls, 3 sg. pres. links, IV a 12; Coppled, pp. linked (in rime), Introduction xv; see Kowe. [OFr. copler.] See Couple, n.

Corage, n. heart, XII a 11; gallantry, XIV c 108. [OFr. corage.]

Corde, n. cord, XII b 53, 60, &c. [OFr. corde.]

Corde(n), v.; corden into on, agree together, XV i 6. [Shortened from Acorde, q.v.]

Cormerant, n. cormorant, II 310. [OFr. cormoran.]

Coround(e), pa. t. crowned, VI 55; pp. II 593, VI 120. [OFr. corouner.] See Crouned(e).

Corouneȝ, n. pl. crowns, VI 91. [OFr. coroune.] See Croun(e).

Corsed(est). See Curse.

Corseynt, n. shrine of a saint, I 239. [OFr. cors saint, holy body.]

Cortays(e), Curteys (II), adj. gracious, II 28, VI 73; as sb., gracious lady, V 343. [OFr. corteis, curteis.] See Kort.

Cortaysye, Cortaysé, Courtaysye, n. courtesy, grace, VI 72, 84, 96, 109, 121 (of cortaysye prob. only equivalent to cortayse, adj.); of courtaysye, by cortaysye, &c. by especial favour, VI 97, 108, 120. [OFr. corteisie, curteisie.]

Cortaysly, Curteisly, -lich, adv. courteously, VI 21, VIII a 34, 157. See Cortays.

Cosseȝ, Cosses, n. pl. kisses, V 283, 292. [OE. coss.] See Kysse.

Cost, n.¹ border, IX 192; Costes, pl. coasts, regions, VII 83, 146. [OFr. coste]

Cost, n.² expenditure, cost, XI b 169; ? means (to meet expense), XI b 141. [OFr. cost.]

Costen (in), v. to expend (on), XI b 234. [OFr. coster.]

Costes, n. pl. manners, disposition, V 292. [OE. (Nth.) cost from ON. kost-r.]

Costy, adj. costly, XI b 228, 234. [From Cost, n.²]

Cote, n.¹ cot, mean dwelling, II 489, VIII b 2. [OE. cot.]

Cote, n.² coat; here a tunic (cf. 'waistcoat') worn beneath the outer gown, XVII 262. [OFr. cote.]

Coth, n. pestilence, XVII 417. [OE. coþu.]

Cou, Cow, n. cow, III 49, 52, 54, VIII a 282; pl. Ken, III 56; Kyȝn, IX 256; Kyn(e), VIII a 134, b 18. [OE. cū; pl. cȳ (Kt. *cē).]

Couaytyng, Coueytynge, n. coveting, IX 90; object of coveting (cf. louyng, &c.), IV a 23. [From OFr. coveit(i)er.]

Couaytise (III), Coueitise (XI), Couetyse (V), Coueteis (XVII), n. covetousness, avarice, III 22, V 306, 312, XI b 55, 256, XVII 52. [OFr. coveitise.]

Couche, n. bed, XII a 89. [OFr. couche.]

Coude. See Can, v.

Coueyne, n. band (of conspirators), I 41. [OFr. cov(a)ine.]

Coueitous, adj. covetous, XI b 196. [OFr. coveitous.]

Couenable, adj. suitable, XIII a 20. [OFr. covenable.]

Covenant, Couenaunde, -aunt, n. covenant, agreement, V 260, 272, VI 202, 203, VIII a 153, XII b 41, 96, 199; pl. terms of the agreement, V 174; in c. þat, on condition that, VIII a 28. [OFr. covenant.]

Coueryng, n. covering, I 177, 184. [From OFr. co(u)vrir.]

Coumforde; Counsail(le), &c. See Confort; Consaile (-seille).

Counted, pa. t. reckoned on (or heeded), VII 115; counted nouȝt a bene beo, gave not a bean for, XIV c 43. [OFr. cunter.]

Counterfete, v. to imitate (fraudulently), IX 114; to resemble, VI 196 (bad connotation often absent in this use, but possibly here present—'make them unjustly resemble us'). [Formed from ME. counterfete, imitated, OFr. contrefet.] See Contrefetes.

Countes, n. countess, VI 129. [OFr. cuntesse.]

Countré. See Contray.

Countre note, n. counterpoint, a melody added as an accompaniment to another, XI b 137 (note). [OFr. countre + note.]

Couple, n. match, pair, II 458 (note); Copple, couplet (in verse), Introduction xxxiii. [OFr. couple.]

Cours(e), n. course, VII 102, XIII a 61, &c.; cours ... about, circuit, X 157; flow, VII 123; force, rushing, VII 115; by course, in due order, VII 73. [OFr. cours.]

Court(aysye). See Cortaysye, Kort.

Courtpies, n. pl. short jackets, VIII a 182. [Current in 14th and 15th centuries; cf. MDu. korte pie, short coat of coarse woollen stuff.]

Couþe, Couthe. See Can, v.

Couwee, adj. tailed, in (ryme) couwee, rime in pairs followed by a shorter line, or 'tail', tailrime, Introduction xv. [OFr. rime couée.] See Kowe.

Cowardise, Coward(d)yse, n. cowardice, V 205, 306, 311. [OFr. couardise.] See Kowarde.

Cowth, Cowþe(ȝ). See Can, v.

Crache, v. to scratch, II 80. [Obscure; cf. MDu., MLG. kratsen.]

Cradel, n. cradle, XIII b 22, XV f 4. [OE. cradol.]

Craft(e), n. craft; industry, VIII b 20; knowledge, in to ken all the cr., to know the whole story, VII 25. [OE. cræft.]

Crafty, adj. skilled in a craft, VIII a 70. [OE. cræftig.]

Cragge, n. crag, V 115, 153. [Obscure.]

Crak, v. to crack, XIV a 10; Crakked, pp. XIV a 11. [OE. cracian, to crack (sound).]

Craue, Crafe (XVII), v. to demand, VIII a 86; to plead for, XVII 174; craue aftir, ask for, XVI 242. [OE. crafian, demand.]

Creatoure, Creatur, n. creature, XV i 4, XVII 78. [OFr. creature.]

Crede, n. the Creed, VI 125; sall ken ȝow ȝowre crede = will teach you what you ought to know, a lesson, XIV b 4. [OE. crēda, from L. crēdo, I believe (cf. VIII a 83).]

Credence, n. credence, IX 303. [OFr. credence.]

Creem, n. cream,VIII a 277. [OFr. cresme.]

Cren, n. crane (machine), X 16, 28. [OE. cran (bird); the above are the earliest recorded instances of the transferred sense.]

Crepe, v. to creep, XII b 173. [OE. crēopan.]

Creuisse, n. fissure, V 115. [OFr. crevasse.]

Cri(e), Cry, n. lamentation, II 114, 220; held in o cri, lamented in the same strain, II 95; shouting, clamour, II 285, XV h 4; a cry, appeal, II 511 (see Sette). [OFr. cri.]

Crie(n), Crye(n), Cry, v. to cry out (shout, call, lament), proclaim, XI b 48, XII a 76, 140, XVI 186, 363, XVII 384, &c.; pres. subj. XVI 141; Crid(e), pa. t. II 78, XII b 31, 69; Cryit, X 86; Criand, -ende, pres. p. XVI 73, XII b 16. Cryen after, shout for, XV h 5; crie on, appeal to, XVI 107; cry me mercy, cry to me for mercy, XVII 384 (the earliest recorded sense in E.). [OFr. crier.]

Criere, n. crier, herald, XI b 48. [OFr. crier.]

Criing, Criyng(e), n. (loud) shouting, XI b 133, 249; at o criing, with one voice, II 581 (cf. at one cri, Havelok 2773); lamentation, II 195. [From Crie(n).]

Cristal(l), n. crystal, II 358, IX 32, 103, &c. [OFr. cristal.]

Crystemesse, n. Christmas, I 29. [OE. crī̆stmesse.]

Cristen(e), Crystene, Crystyn (I), Krysten (VI), adj. Christian, I introd., 82, VI 101, IX 211, XI a 37, &c.; as sb. pl. VIII a 89. [OE. crī̆sten.]

Cristendom, -dam, n. Christian lands, IX 214, XIV c 19. [OE. crī̆sten-dōm, Christianity.]

Croft, n. small field, VIII a 33, 285, b 17. [OE. croft.]

Croppeth, 3 pl. pres. nibble, VIII a 33. [ON. kroppa.]

Crouders, n. pl. fiddlers, II 522. [From ME. croud, crouþ (Welsh crwth), fiddle.]

Croun(e), Crowne, n. crown, II 235, 415, VI 67, &c.; crown of the head, XIV a 10, 11. [OFr. coroune; cf. ON. krúna. In the sense 'crown of head' only the cr- forms appear.] See Corouneȝ.

Crouned(e), pp. tonsured, admitted to holy orders, VIII b 58, 62, 67. [OFr. corouner.] See prec. (which also in ME. had sense 'tonsure'), and Corounde, Vncrouned.

Crowe, n. a crow, XII a 75. [OE. crāwe.]

Crowe, v. to crow, XV g 33 (with pleonastic reflex. pron.); to announce by crowing, XII a 77. [OE. crāwan.]

Cruddes, n. pl. curds, VIII a 277. [Obscure.]

Cruell, adj. cruel, IX 237. [OFr. cruel.]

Cubite, (Cubettis, pl.), n. cubit (Biblical length measure = ell), XVII 124, 136, 258, 261, 443. [OE. cubit, L. cubitus.]

Cultur, n. coulter, iron blade fixed in front of the share in a plough, VIII a 98. [OE. (from L.) culter.]

Cum, Cumen. See Com.

Cumbrit, pp. hampered, VII 183. [OFr. (en)combrer.]

Cunesmen, n. pl. kinsfolk, XV g 6. [OE. cynnes, gen. + mann.]

Cunne(s). See Can, Kyn.

Cuntek, n. contest; yn cuntek, vying with one another, I 31. [OFr. (only AFr.) contek, of unknown origin.]

Cuntenaunce, n. bearing, II 293. [OFr. cuntenance.]

Cuntray, -é, -ey. See Contray.

Cuppes, n. cups, IX 256. [OE. cuppe.]

Curse, v. to curse, I 98, 130, &c.; Corsed, Cursed, pp. and adj. V 128, 306, IX 85, &c.; cursed shrewe, VII 183, VIII a 153. [OE. (late) cū̆rsian, from OIr. cúrsagim.]

Cursyng, n. cursing, I 128, 154, 261. [OE. (late) cū̆rsung.]

Curteis, -eys. See Cortays.

Custome, n. custom, IX 292, XI b 204, 206. [OFr. custume.]