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NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

VOL. IV.--No. 111. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13. 1851.

Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._




CONTENTS.

                                                                Page


      NOTES:--

      Cowley and Gray. No. III.                                  465

      Old Song: The Cuckold's Cap, by J. R. Relton               468

      The Gododin, by Thomas Stephens                            468

      Folk Lore:--Lincolnshire Folk Lore                         470

      Minor Notes:--Modern Greek Names of Places--"There
      is no mistake"--Remarkable Prophecy--The Ball that
      killed Nelson--Gypsies                                     470

      QUERIES:--

      Dial Motto at Karlsbad                                     471

      Suppressed Epilogue by Dryden, by Henry Campkin            472

      Minor Queries:--Barrister--Indian Jugglers--Priory
      of Hertford--Jacobus Creusius (or Crucius)--Clekit
      House--Ballad on the Rising of the Vendée--Stanza on
      Spenser's "Shepherd's Calendar"--Prophecy respecting
      1837--Lines on the Bible--En bon et poyer--"England
      expects every man," &c.--Religious Houses in East
      Sussex--Parish Registers, Right of Search, Fees
      claimable--Bacon a Poet--Tregonwell Frampton--Weever
      and Fuller; their Autographs wanted--Is the Badger
      Amphibious?                                                472

      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Royal Registers--Paul
      Hoste--"Liber Mirabilis"--Saint Richard, King of
      England--Saint Irene or St. Erini                          474

      REPLIES:--

      Cockney                                                    475

      Replies to Minor Queries:--The Word Infortuner--Foreign
      Ambassadors--Petition for the Recall from Spain of the
      Duke of Wellington                                         476

      MISCELLANEOUS:--

      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     477

      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               478

      Notices to Correspondents                                  478

      Advertisements                                             478




Notes.


COWLEY AND GRAY, NO. III.

Before again recurring to Gray's partiality for the poems of Cowley, I
will make a remark or two on Mr. Wakefield's edition of Gray.

In his delightful "Ode to Adversity" Gray has written:

      "Daughter of Jove, relentless power,
        Thou tamer of the human breast,
      Whose _iron scourge, and tort'ring hour_,
        The bad affright, afflict the best."

Upon which Wakefield gives us this brilliant criticism:

  "'Torturing hour.' There seems to be some little impropriety and
  incongruity in this. _Consistency_ of figure rather required some
  _material_ image, like _iron scourge_ and _adamantine chain_."

Afterwards he seems to speak diffidently of his own judgment, which is
rather an unusual thing in Mr. Wakefield. Well would it have been for
the reputations of Bentley, Johnson, and Wakefield, that, before
improving upon Milton and Gray and Collins, they had remembered the
words of a truly great critic, even Horace himself:

      "Sunt delicta tamen quibus ignovisse velimus:
      Nam neque chorda sonum reddit quem vult manus et mens,
      Poscentique gravem persæpe remittit acutum;
      Nec semper feriet quodcunque minabitur arcus.
      _Verum ubi plura nitent in carmine, non ego paucis
      Offendar maculis, quas aut incuria fudit,
      Aut humana parum cavit natura._"

      _Epist. ad Pisones_, 347.

Not by any means that I am allowing in this case the existence of a
"macula," or an "incuria" either. To D'Israeli's _Curiosities of
Literature_ I think I am indebted for the remark, that Gray borrowed the
expressions from Milton:

                    "When the _scourge_
      Inexorably, and _the torturing hour_
      Calls us to penance."

      _Par. Lost_, lib. ii. 90.

It is therefore with Milton, and not with Gray, that Mr. Wakefield must
settle the matter. And in proof of my earnest sympathies with him during
the very unequal contest, I will console him with "proprieties,"
"congruities," "consistencies of figure," and "material images," enough.

      "The lifted axe, the agonizing wheel,
      Luke's iron crown, and Damien's bed of steel."

      Goldsmith's _Traveller_, ad finem.

Or better for this purpose still:

      "Swords, daggers, bodkins, bearded arrows, spears,
        Nails, pincers, crosses, gibbets, hurdles, ropes,
      Tallons of griffins, paws and teeth of bears,
        Tigre's and lyon's mouths, not iron hoops,
      Racks, wheels, and trappados, brazen cauldrons which
      Boiled with oil, huge tuns which flam'd with pitch."

      Beaumonts's _Psyche_, cant. XXII. v. 69. p. 330.
      Cambridge, 1702. Folio.

"Torturing hour" is used by Campbell in his _Pleasures of Hope_, Part
I.:

      "The martyr smiled beneath avenging power,
      And braved the tyrant in his _torturing hour._"

And, indeed, "sweetest Shakspeare, Fancy's child," had used it before
any of them:

      "Is there no play, to ease the anguish of a torturing hour."

      _Midsummer Night's Dream_, Act V. Sc. 1.

Again, Gray writes in his truly sublime ode, "The Bard:"

      "On a rock, whose haughty brow
        Frowns o'er old Conway's foaming flood,
      Robed in the sable garb of woe,
        With haggard eyes the poet _stood_,
      (Loose his beard, and hoary hair
      Stream'd, like a meteor, to the troubled air),
      And with a master's hand, and prophet's fire,
      Struck the deep sorrows of his lyre."

Ordinary readers would have innocently supposed the above "pictured"
passage beyond all praise or criticism. "At non infelix" Wakefield:

      "A falcon, tow'ring in her pride of place,
      Was by a mousing owl hawk'd at and kill'd."

      _Macbeth._

I must give his note as it stands, for I question whether the whole
range of verbal criticism could produce anything more ludicrous:

  "I wish Mr. Gray could have introduced a more poetical expression,
  than the inactive term _stood_, into this fine passage: as
  Shakspeare has, for instance, in his description of _Dover cliff_:

                          'Half way down
      _Hangs_ one, that gathers samphire; dreadful trade!'

      _King Lear_, Act IV. Sc. 6.

   "Which is the same happy picture as that of Virgil:

      "'Dumosa _pendere_ procul de rupe videbo.'

      _Ecl._ I. 77."

He might, when his hand was in, have adduced other passages also from
Virgil, _e.g._:

      "Imminet in rivi præstantis imaginis undam."

      _Culex_, 66.

However, with all due respect for Mr. Wakefield's "happy pictures," I do
not see anything left, but his eyebrows, for the luckless bard to _hang
by_! He could not have _hung_ by his _hair_, which "stream'd like a
meteor to the troubled air;" nor yet by his _hands_, which "swept the
deep sorrows of his lyre." Besides, there can scarcely be more opposite
pictures than that of a man gathering samphire, or kids browsing,
amongst beetling rocks; and the commanding and awe-inspiring position in
which Gray ingeniously places his bard. The expressions chosen by
Virgil, Shakspeare, and Gray were each peculiarly suitable to the
particular objects in view. If Gray was thinking of Milton, as I
intimated in a former letter, he may have still kept him in mind:

      "Incens'd with indignation, Satan _stood_
      Unterrify'd, and like a comet burn'd,
      That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge
      In the Arctic sky, and from his horrid hair
      Shakes pestilence and war."

      _Par. Lost_, lib. ii. 706.

Or again:

                  "On th' other side, Satan, alarm'd,
      _Collecting all his might dilated stood_,
      Like Teneriff or Atlas unremov'd:
      His stature reach'd the sky, and on his crest
      Sat Horror plum'd; nor wanted in his grasp
      What seem'd both spear and shield."

      _Par. Lost_, lib. iv. 985.

It would be easy to adduce similar instances from the ancient sources,
but I will only mention from Milton an illustration of the
συστρεψας of Demosthenes, and of the passionate abruptness with which
Gray commences "The Bard:"

      "As when of old some orator renown'd
      In Athens or free Rome, where eloquence
      Flourish'd, since mute, to some great cause addressed
      _Stood in himself collected_, while each part,
      Motion, each act won audience ere the tongue,
      _Sometimes in height began, as no delay
      Of preface brooking through his zeal of right_."

      _Par. Lost_, lib. ix. 670.

Wakefield's hypercritical fastidiousness would have completely defeated
the intentions of Gray. His "Bard" had a mission to fulfil which could
not have been fulfilled by one suspended like king Solomon, in the
ancient Jewish traditions, or like Mahomet's coffin, mid-way between
heaven and earth. His cry was δος που στω, and the poet heard
him. And thus, from his majestic position, was not--

      "Every burning word he spoke
      Full of rage and full of grief?"

In the full blaze of poetic phrensy, he flashes out at once with the
awfully grand and terrible exordium:

      "Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!
        Confusion on thy banners wait!
      Tho' fann'd by conquest's crimson wing,
        They mock the air with idle state.
      Helm, nor hauberk's twisted mail,
        Nor e'en thy virtues, Tyrant, shall avail
      To save thy secret soul from nightly fears,
      From Cambria's curse, from Cambria's tears."

Collins thus describes the passion of _anger_:

      "Next Anger rush'd;--his eyes on fire,
        In lightnings own'd his secret stings:
      In one rude clash he struck the lyre,
        And swept with flurried hand the strings."

Word-painting can go no farther. When, however, he comes to
_melancholy_, in lines which contain more suggestive beauty, as well as
more poetic _inspiration_, than perhaps any others of the same length
in the English language, how does he sing?

        "With eyes upraised, as one inspired,
        Pale Melancholy _sate_ retired;
        And, from her wild sequester'd seat,
        In notes, by distance made more sweet,
      Pour'd thro' the mellow horn her pensive soul:
        And, dashing soft from rocks around,
        Bubbling runnels join'd the sound;
      Through glades and glooms the mingled measure stole,
      Or o'er some haunted stream with fond delay,
        Round a holy calm diffusing,
        Love of peace, and lonely musing,
      In hollow murmurs died away."

      _Ode on the Passions._

This is the concentrated essence of poetry. Surely Gray had _forgotten_
Collins when he penned the beautiful lines:

      "But not to one in this benighted age,
        Is that diviner inspiration given,
      That burns in Shakspeare's or in Milton's page,
        The pomp and prodigality of heaven,
      As when conspiring in the diamond's blaze,
        The meaner gems, that singly charm the sight,
      Together dart their intermingled rays,
        And dazzle with a luxury of light."

      _Stanzas to Mr. Bentley._

From a memorandum made by Gray himself, it is evident that he once had
contemplated placing his "Bard" in a _sitting_ posture; but I cannot but
rejoice that he altered his mind, for such breath-taking words could
never have been uttered in so composed and contented a posture. I give
part of it from Mr. Mason's edition:

  "The army of Edward I., as they marched through a deep valley, are
  suddenly stopped by the appearance of a venerable figure, _seated_
  on the summit of an inaccessible rock; who, with a voice more than
  human, reproaches the king with all the misery and desolation he
  had brought on his country, &c., &c. His song ended, he
  precipitates himself from the mountain, and is swallowed up by the
  river that rolls at its foot."--Vol. i. p. 73. Lond. 1807.

The last two lines of the passage before us--

      "And with a master's hand, and prophet's fire,
      _Struck the deep sorrows of his lyre_"--

remind us in some degree of Cowley:

      "Sic cecinit sanctus _vates_, digitosque volantes
      Innumeris per fila modis trepidantia movit,
      _Intimaque elicuit Medici miracula plectri_."

      _Davideidos_, lib. i. p. 13.

Again:

      "Dear as the _light that visits these sad eyes_."

      Gray, _The Bard_.

      "Namque _oculis plus illa suis, plus lumine coeli
      Dilexit_."

      _Davideidos_, lib. i. p. 14.

And--

      "The Attick warbler pours her _throat_."

      _Ode to Spring._

      "Tum magnum tenui cecinerunt _gutture_ Numen."

      _Davideidos_, lib. i. p. 20.

Also--

      "The hues of bliss more brightly glow,
      _Chastis'd_ by sabler tints of woe;
      And blended form with artful strife,
      The strength and harmony of life."

      Gray, _On the Pleasure arising from Vicissitude_.

The word _chastised_ is similarly used by Cowley:

      "From Saul his growth, and manly strength he took,
      _Chastised_ by bright Ahinoam's gentler look."

      _Davideidos_, lib. iv. p. 133.

The _idea_ of the whole passage may be found in Pope:

      "Love, Hope, and Joy, fair Pleasure's smiling train;
      Hate, Fear, and Grief, the family of Pain;
      These mix'd with art, and to due bounds confin'd,
      Make and maintain the balance of the mind;
      _The lights and shades, whose well accorded strife,
      Gives all the strength and colour of our life_."

      _Essay on Man_, Epist. II.

Again:

      "Amazement in his van with Flight combin'd,
      And Sorrow's faded form, and Solitude behind."

      Gray, _The Bard_.

      "Victorious arms thro' Ammon's land it bore,
      Ruin behind, and terror march'd before."

      _Davideidos_, lib. iv. p. 135.

Wakefield mentions some parallel passages, but omits the best of all:

  "A fire devoureth before them; and behind them a flame burneth:
  the land is as the garden of Eden before them, and behind them a
  desolate wilderness; Yea, and nothing shall escape them."--Joel,
  ii. 3.

In the "Ode on the Installation" Gray says:

      "Their tears, their little triumphs o'er
      Their _human passions_ now no more."

Wakefield dwells enraptured on the expression _human passions_. Cowley
speaks of "_humana quies_" (_Davideidos_, lib. i. p. 3.). Horace says:

      "---- Carminibus quæ versant atque venenis
      _Humanos animos_."--_Sat._ viii. 19. lib. i.

_Human passions_ is not, however, a _creation_ of Gray's; for, if not
anywhere else, he might have found the words very often in the writings
of William Law, as vigorous a prose writer as England can boast of since
the days of Dr. South. See his _answer_ to Dr. Trapp's _Not Righteous
overmuch_, p. 62., Lond. 1741; and his _Serious Call_, cap. xii. p.
137., and cap. xxi. p. 293., Lond. 1816.

To mention its use by modern writers would be endless. I selected these
few passages on reading Mr. Wakefield's laudations, for otherwise I
should not perhaps have remarked the words as unusual. Wakefield adduces
from Pope's _Eloisa to Abelard_:

      "One _human tear_ shall drop, and be forgiven."

"Noble rage," Gray's _Elegy_. "Noble rage," Cowley's _Davideidos_, lib.
iv. p. 137. Again, in the _Elegy_:

      "Save that from yonder ivy-mantled tower
        The mopeing owl does to the moon complain
      Of such as, wand'ring near her secret bower,
        _Molest her ancient solitary reign_."

Cowley, in describing the palace of Lucifer, has some fine sentences;
and amongst them:

      "Non hic gemmatis stillantia sidera guttis
      _Impugnant sævæ jus inviolabile noctis_."

      _Davideidos_, lib. i. p. 3.

And in English:

      "No gentle stars with their fair gems of light,
      _Offend the tyrannous and unquestion'd night_."

      _Davideidos_, lib. i. p. 6.

Akenside constantly used the adjective _human_ in different
conjunctions.

    RT.

  Warmington.


OLD SONG: THE CUCKOLD'S CAP.

The following song I never saw in print. I knew an old lady, who fifty
years ago used to sing it. Is it known?

      Near Reading there lived a buxom young dame,
      The wife of a miller, and Joan was her name;
      And she had a hen of a wondrous size,
      The like you never beheld with your eyes:
      It had a red head, gay wings, yellow legs,
      And every year laid her a bushel of eggs,
      Which made her resolve for to set it with speed,
      Because she'd a mind to have more of the breed.

      Now as she was setting her hen on a day,
      A shepherd came by, and thus he did say:
      "Oh, what are you doing?" She answered him then,
      "I'm going to set my miraculous hen."
      "O, Joan," said the shepherd, "to keep your eggs warm,
      And that they may prosper and come to no harm,
      You must set them all in a large cuckold's cap,
      And then all your chickens will come to good hap."

      "O, I have no cuckold's cap, shepherd," said she,
      "But nevertheless I'll be ruled by thee;
      For this very moment I'll trudge up and down,
      And borrow one, if there be one in the town."
      So she went to the baker's, and thus she did say:
      "O, lend me a cuckold's cap, neighbour, I pray,
      For I'm going to set my miraculous hen,
      And when that I've done with't, I'll bring it again."

      The baker's wife answered, and thus she replied:
      "Had I got such a thing, you should not be denied;
      But these nineteen or twenty years I have been wed,
      And my husband ne'er had such a cap to his head.
      But go to my cousin, who lives at the mill,
      I know she had one, and she may have it still;
      Tell her I sent you, she'll lend it, I know."
      "Thank ye," says Joan, and away she did go.

      So, straight to the house of the miller she went,
      And told her that she by her cousin was sent,
      To borrow a thing which was wondrous rare,
      'Twas a large cuckold's cap, which her husband did wear.
      "I do not dispute but such things there may be;
      But why should my cousin, pray, send you to me?
      For these nineteen or twenty years I've been a wife,
      And my husband ne'er had such a cap in his life.

      "But go to the quaker who lives at the Swan,
      I know she had one, and if 'tisn't gone,
      Tell her to lend it to you for my sake,
      Which I the same for a great favour shall take."
      So she went to the house of old Yea and Nay,
      And said to his wife, who was buxom and gay,
      "I'm come for to borrow, if that you will lend,
      A large cuckold's cap: I was sent by a friend."

      The quaker's wife answered and said, with a frown,
      "Why, I've no such thing, if thou'dst give me a crown;
      Besides, I'd not lend it, friend Joan, if I had,
      For fear it should make my old husband run mad.
      In town there are many young damsels, perhaps,
      Who may be ingenious in making these caps,
      But as for their names, I really can't say,
      So, therefore, friend Joan, excuse me, I pray."

      Now Joan being tired and weary withal,
      She said, "I've had no good fortune at all.
      I find that it is the beginning of sorrow,
      To trudge up and down among neighbours to borrow.
      A large cuckold's cap I wanted indeed,
      A thing of small value, and yet couldn't speed:
      But, as I'm a woman, believe me," says Joan,
      "Before it be long, I'll have one of my own."

    J. R. RELTON.


THE GODODIN.

This poem, though not absolutely the earliest in point of date, is the
longest of the numerous poems produced among the Kymry of the north of
England during the sixth and seventh centuries. Two translations have
already appeared in English; one by the Rev. Edward Davies, the author
of _Celtic Researches_, and the other by a gentleman named Probert. Of
these the latter, though very imperfect and extremely defective, is the
only one which an English reader should consult; the version given by
Davies is only a very ingenious misrepresentation. The poem has no more
reference to Hengist than it has to the man-in-the-moon; and GOMER
might have suspected that a version which, without rule or reason,
deprived historic personages of their reality, could not have been
correct. _Every proper name mentioned in the Gododin may be shown
without any alteration to be those of persons living between 577 and
642._ The proof of this assertion, when carefully examined, is all but
overwhelming; but here I can only cite a few of the most tangible facts.
The design of the poem is thus described by the bard himself:--

          "O ved O vuelin,
          O Gattraeth werin,
          Mi a na vi Aneurin
          Ys gwyr Taliesin,
          Oveg cyvrenhin
          Neu cheing Ododin
          Cyn gwawr dydd dilin."

These lines may be thus translated:--

      "Of mead from the mead horn,
      Of the host of Cattraeth,
      I, Aneurin, will do
      What is known to Taliesin,
      A man of kindred disposition.
      Will I not sing of what befell
      Gododin, before the break of day?"

From frequent notices in other parts of the poem, we find that the
subject is the defeat of (the Ottadini) the men of Gododin, in a battle
which took place in the year 603, near Cattraeth, which may be
identified with the Cataracton of Ptolemy, the Cataract of Bede, and the
present Catterick in Yorkshire. The men of Gododin in this campaign were
in league with the Novantæ of Wigtonshire, the Britons of Strathclyde,
the Scots of Argyle, and the Picts of Fife and Perth. Of this army the
chiefs alone amounted to three hundred and sixty; but, to use the words
of the bard, "Mead brought shame on the best of armies;" and the chiefs,
on account of temporary success over a part of Ethelfrith's Northumbrian
army, spent the night in wild carousal. Overtures of peace were made to
them by Ethelfrith, and contemptuously rejected; they rushed pell-mell
to battle _before the break of day_; and the bard, seeing them falling
helplessly drunk from their horses, "drew a veil over his face and fled,
weeping on his way." I here assume that Cattraeth and Cataract are the
same place; and to cite only one of many evidences, the position of the
Ottadini in the immediate neighbourhood of Catterick, lends this view
strong confirmation. But there is here another assumption, to which I
invite the attention of English antiquaries. The _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_
relates the occurrence of a great battle between Ethelfrith of
Northumbria and the northern Britons in the year 603: of that battle the
site is variously named Degstan, Dægsanstane, and Egesanstane; but
antiquarian researches have not determined where Egesanstane was. Some
place it at Dawston, near Jedburg, in Scotland, and others at Dalston in
Cumberland; but all confess uncertainty. Now I assume that the place
called Egesanstane is more likely to be Siggeston, in the North Riding
of Yorkshire, which is about five or six miles east of Catterick; and
this conjecture is strongly supported by the fact that Ethelfrith in
this case was not the invader but the invaded, as it is said, "Hering,
the son of Hussa, led the enemy thither," to the dominions of
Ethelfrith, which were then but little else than the eastern coast of
Northumberland and Yorkshire. If this view be correct, our antiquaries
have hitherto been in error on this point; the site of the great battle
of 603 is no longer unknown; and Egesanstane and Cattraeth are only two
names for the same battle, just as another battle-field is variously
named the battle of Waterloo by us, and that of Mont St. Jean by the
French.

Probert places the death of Aneurin in 570: the Gododin shows him to
have been an eyewitness of an event which took place in 642. Davies,
whose works are striking evidences of a powerful intellect completely
led astray, makes the subject to have been the reported massacre at
Stonehenge, which possibly never took place, but which he fixes in 472.
Now I have cited a passage which, referring to Taliesin as an authority,
implies that Aneurin was his junior; and Taliesin was living in 610.
Again, Davies makes an abortive attempt to get rid of the last poem of
Llywarch Hen, which shows him to have been living as late as the year
640, when most of his sons had fallen in battle. Llywarch himself was
either at the battle of Cattraeth, or assisted in organising the
campaign; for though not mentioned by Aneurin, he himself alludes to the
time "when we attacked the great-smoker-of-towns (Ethelfrith)."

At this battle Aneurin was taken prisoner, and confined in "an earthen
house," from which he was released "by the bright sword of Cenau, the
son of Llywarch." The son of Llywarch could scarcely have been living in
472; and Davies in vain essays to get rid of this obdurate fact. This
passage in Aneurin--

      "Under foot was gravel,
      Stretched out was my leg
      _In the subterranean house_,
      And an iron chain
      Was bound about my knees,"

shows the use of under-ground hovels to have extended far into the
historic period.

One fact more, and this demonstration that Aneurin has been ante-dated
will be complete. The bard in three several places mentions a battle of
Mannan, in much the same way as we at this day speak of Waterloo; and it
is evident that, in the estimation of the bard and his countrymen, the
battle of Mannan was the last great event before the battle of
Cattraeth. The first of these passages is--

          "Caeawe Cymnyviat cyvlat Erwyt
          .    .    .    .    .    .
          Rae ergit _Cadfannan_ catwyt."

      "_Caeog_ was a conflictor with destructive pikes.
      .    .    .    .    .    .
      He was preserved from the blows of Mannan-fight."

_Cæog_, whom Davies converts into the adjective "adorned," was the
brother of Cynddylan, Prince of Powys (_Elegies of Llywarch Hen_, p.
70.). On the death of his brother in 577, he went to North Briton; he
escaped from the blows of Mannan, and _afterwards_ fell at Cattraeth.
Again, of a chief named Twrch it is said:--

      "He loved the battling of spears,
      At Mannan, and before Aldud the renowned."

          "Emyt af crennyt y gat waewawr
          Catvannan yr Aelut clodvawr."

Again he says of another chief:--

          "Yn dieding . . . . .
          Ac Adan Cadvannan cochre,
          Veirch marchawg goddrud y more."

      "Resistless
      As Aeddan of the blood-stained steeds of Mannan-fight,
      He was an impetuous rider that morning."

Here we have three separate proofs of the fact, that Cadvannan was
anterior to the battle of Cattraeth: now when and where did that take
place? In the year 582, and probably at Clackmannan, on the Firth of
Forth in Scotland. Here is my authority (_Annals of Ulster_):

   "DLXXXII. Bellum Manan, in quo victor erat Aodhan Mar Gawran."

The battle of Cattraeth must be that of 603, at which Aeddan was also
present.

These few annotations from a new translation of _The Gododin_ now in
MS., will, it is hoped, satisfy your correspondent GOMER that I am
justified in repeating the views of Davies. Should he wish to get a
correct text, and a judicious version of _The Gododin_, he had better
subscribe to a translation by the Rev. J. Williams (author of the
_Ecclesiastical Antiquities of the Cymry_), now about to issue from the
Llandovery press, at a very moderate price. Probert's translation is
very scarce.

Is there no tradition of this battle at Sigston?

    THOS. STEPHENS.


FOLK LORE.

_Lincolnshire Folk Lore._--The following, illustrating as it does a
superstition still very prevalent in Lincolnshire, may interest some of
your readers. I transcribed it a few days ago in the British Museum from
Holly's _Lincolnshire Notes_, vol. iii. fol. 358.:--

  "The other I receaued from Mr. Thomas Codd, minister of Laceby in
  Linc, w[=c]h he gave under his owne hand; he himself being a
  native of ye place where this same happened, and it was thus:

  "At Axholme, alias Haxey, in ye Isle, one Mr. Edward Vicars
  (curate to Mr. Wm. Dalby, vicar), together with one Robert
  Hallywell a taylor, intending on St. Marke's even at night to
  watch in ye church porch to see who shoud die in ye yeare
  following (to this purpose using divers ceremonies), they
  addressing themselues to the busines, Vicars (being then in his
  chamber) wished Hallywell to be going before and he would
  p[=s]ently follow him. Vicars fell asleep, and Hallywell
  (attending his coming in ye church porch) forthwith sees certaine
  shapes p[=s]nting themselves to his view, resemblances (as he
  thought) of diuers of his neighbours, who he did nominate; and all
  of them dyed the yeare following; and Vicars himselfe (being
  asleep) his phantome was seen of him also, and dyed with ye rest.
  This sight made Hallywell so agast that he looks like a Ghoast
  ever since. The lord Sheffield (hearing this relation) sent for
  Hallywell to receiue account of it. The fellow fearing my Lord
  would cause him to watch the church porch againe he hid himselfe
  in the Carrs till he was almost starued. The number of those that
  died (whose phantasmes Hallywell saw) was as I take it about fower
  score.

  "Tho. Cod, Rector Ecclie de Laceby."

    EDWARD PEACOCK.

  Bottesford Moors, Messingham, Kirton in Lindsey.


Minor Notes.

_Modern Greek Names of Places._--It is commonly stated in books of
geography that the modern name of Athens is _Statines_. In Hennin's
_Manuel de Numismatique Ancienne_ it is stated to be _Satines_ or
_Atini_; and Mr. Akerman, in his most excellent _Numismatic Manual_,
makes the same statement. We find it stated also universally that the
modern name of Cos is _Stanco_; and this has been repeated in all maps
and charts until the recently published Admiralty Chart, No. VI. of the
Archipelago series, where it is called _Cos_.

The origin of this and other similar blunders is curious. Athens retains
its plural termination, and is always used with the article,
αι Αθηναι. If you ask a peasant walking from the Piræus whither he is
going, he will answer you, Εις τας Αθηνας, but will rapidly
enunciate it as follows, 'σ'τ'σΑθηνας, whence _Statines_,
lately reduced to _Satines_.

I am surprised that Cos was not set down as _Stinco_ rather than
_Stanco_, for if you hail a Coan vessel, and ask whither it is bound,
the καραβουκυρι, or skiff-master, would certainly reply
στην Κῳ, if Cos were his destination.

I find that both M. Hennin and Mr. Akerman assert that Thebes is now
called _Stives_. I conversed with a noble-looking youth on the ruins of
Eleusis, and asking him from what part of the country he came, I shall
not easily forget the stately dignity with which he tossed his capote
over his shoulder, and answered ειμι Θηβαίος--I am a Theban.
The bold Boeotian would have stared in amazement had I spoken to him of
_Stives_, although, if homeward-bound, he would have said he was going
'σ τας Θηβας.

The Turks have made Istambol or Stamboul out of στην πολιν; and
we may, perhaps, hear from our friends, the Nepaulese ambassadors, that
the capital of England is called _Tolondon_, and that of France _Apari_.

    L. H. J. T.

"_There is no mistake._"--The Duke of Wellington's reply to Mr.
Huskisson, "There is no mistake," has become familiar in the mouths of
both those who remember the political circumstances that gave rise to
it, and those who have received it traditionally, without inquiring into
the origin of it. You may perhaps think it worthy of a "Note" that this
was not the first occasion on which the Duke used those celebrated
words. The Duke (then Earl of Wellington) in a private letter to Lord
Bathurst, dated Flores de Avila, 24th July, 1812, writes in the
following easy style:

  "I hope that you will be pleased with _our_ battle, of which the
  dispatch contains as accurate an account as I can give you. _There
  was no mistake_, everything went on as it ought; and there never
  was an army so beaten in so short a time."

The whole letter is well deserving of insertion; but my object is simply
to draw attention to the occasion on which the Duke first used the
sentence now so well known.

    F. W. J.

_Remarkable Prophecy._--The following prediction of St. Cæsario, Bishop
of Arles, in the year 542, may not be considered void of interest at the
present moment. It is taken from a book, entitled _Liber Mirabilis_,
printed in Gothic characters, and deposited in the Royal Library,
Paris:--

  "The administration of the kingdom, France, will be so blended,
  that they shall leave it without defenders. The hand of God shall
  extend itself over them, and over all rich; all the nobles shall
  be deprived of their estates and dignity; a division shall spring
  up in the church of God, and there shall be two husbands, the one
  true, and the other adulterous. The legitimate husband shall be
  put to flight; there shall be great carnage, and as great a
  profusion of blood as in the day of the Gentiles. The universal
  church and the whole world shall deplore the ruin and destruction
  of a most celebrated city, the capital and mistress of France. The
  altars of the temple shall be destroyed, the holy virgins outraged
  shall fly from their seats, and the whole church shall be stripped
  of her temporal gods; but at length the black eagle and the lion
  shall appear hovering from far countries. Misery to thee, O city
  of philosophy! thou shalt be subjected! A captive humbled even to
  confusion, shall at last receive his crown, and destroy the
  children of Brutus."

    ALPHA.

_The Ball that killed Nelson_ (Vol. iv., p. 174.).--

  "The musket-ball that killed Nelson is now in the possession of
  the Rev. F. W. Baker, of Bathwick, near Bath. A considerable
  portion of the gold lace, pad, and silk cord of the epaulette,
  with a piece of coat, were found attached to it. The gold lace was
  as firmly fixed as if it had been inserted into the metal while in
  a state of fusion. The ball, together with the lace, &c., was
  mounted in crystal and silver, and presented by Captain Hardy to
  the late Sir William Beattie, the surgeon of the Victory."

I have extracted this from the _Illustrated London News_, First Number.
If this relic be now in the possession of Prince Albert, I presume it
became his by purchase or presentation from the above-named gentleman.

    BLOWEN.

_Gypsies._--The Indian origin of the numerals of this people is evident
from the following comparison:

         Sanscrit.     Hungarian    Spanish
                         Gypsy.     Gitáno.
       1. eka             jek        yeque
       2. dwaou           dui        dui
       3. traya           trin       trin
       4. tchatouara      schtar     estar
       5. panyntcha       pansch     pansche
       6. chach           tschov     job
       7. sapta           efta       hefta
       8. achtaou         ochto      otor
       9. nava            enija      esnia
      10. dasa            dösch      deque

The Sanscrit must be read with a French pronunciation, being from
Balbi's _Atlas Ethnographique_; the Hungarian Gypsy as German, and the
last as Spanish; the two latter are from Borrow's _Zuicali_, vol. ii. p.
118.

    T. J. BUCKTON.

  Lichfield.




Queries.


DIAL MOTTO AT KARLSBAD.

The inclosed inscription was brought over for me from Karlsbad by the
late Lord Chief Justice Tindal. Can any one throw light upon the capital
letters? I give it copied exactly from Sir Nicholas Tindal's writing,
with his observation beneath, and may safely venture to warrant _his_
accuracy. It might be supposed to be a chronogram, but for the
introduction of the letter "E."

  "_Motto from a Dial formed on the two Sides of the Angle of a
  House at Karlsbad._

        "'Hora Hor[I]s [CE]d[I]t, pere[V]nt s[IC] Te[M]pora nob[I]s,
        [V]t t[I]b[I] f[I]nal[I]s s[I]t bona, [VIV]e benè.'

  "The letters which are written in capitals were so in the original
  inscription, and were coloured red: probably the anagram of some
  one's name is concealed under them."

Having been a collector of existing dial mottoes for many years, I shall
feel greatly obliged to any of your correspondents who will inform me
of remarkable ones in their own neighborhood.

There are four--one in English, one in Latin, one in Greek, and one in
Hebrew--on the keep of Carlisle Castle; but though I possess the three
former, I have not the last, and should be very glad to obtain it, if
possible.

There is a motto at Bonneville in Switzerland, as I have been told:

      "Soli Soli Soli."

What can be the interpretation thereof?

Of course I am acquainted with Leadbetter's _Art of Dialling_, and the
curious list of mottoes he gives, together with the still more curious
translations of the same; as _e.g._

      "Aut Cæsar, aut nullus."
      (I shine, or shroud!)

Or--

      "Sic transit gloria mundi:"
      (So marches the god of day!!)

But what I want is, mottoes from dials actually in existence.

    HERMES.


SUPPRESSED EPILOGUE BY DRYDEN.

Mr. Payne Collier communicates to the _Athenæum_ of the 22nd November,
1851, an interesting letter relative to an unspoken epilogue to Dryden,
and Nat Lee's famous tragedy of _The Duke of Guise_. This rare
composition, entitled "Another Epilogue intended to have been spoken to
the Play before it was forbidden last Summer, written by Mr. Dryden,"
occurs in conjunction with the Prologue and Epilogue which were actually
spoken, upon a separate sheet of foolscap; in which shape, as Mr.
Collier informs us, they were often printed for sale at the playhouse
doors. Mr. Collier's acceptable communication suggests a Query or two.
At the end of my copy of this play, the 4to. edit. of 1687, is the
following

  "ADVERTISEMENT.

  "There was a Preface intended to this play, in vindication of it,
  against two scurrilous libels lately printed. But it was judged,
  that a defence of this nature would require more room than a
  preface would reasonably allow. For this cause, and for the
  importunity of the stationers, who hastened their impression, 'tis
  deferred for some little time, and will be printed by itself. Most
  men are already of opinion that neither of the pamphlets deserve
  an answer, because they are stuffed with open falsities, and
  sometimes contradict each other; but, for once, they shall have a
  day or two thrown away upon them, tho' I break an old custom for
  their sakes, which was to scorn them."

Was this threatened preface ever issued? Are the "two scurrilous libels"
here spoken of so scornfully, known to be in existence?

The new-found Epilogue belongs as much to the political as to the
dramatic history of those troublous times; and let us hope, _maugre_ the
unfortunate coarseness of the school to which it belongs, that Mr.
Collier will some day present us with a reprint of it _in toto_,
accompanied by the above noted preface, if it exist. There is ample
matter, as the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES" have lately shown, for a new
volume of Dryden Miscellanies.

    HENRY CAMPKIN.


Minor Queries.

332. _Barrister._--Can any of your correspondents refer me to the etymon
of this name, given to a vocation attached to our English courts of law?
I can find none even in the comprehensive _Etymological Dictionary_ of
Nat. Bailey, unless, indeed, by dividing the word into two portions,
viz. "bar" and "rister," and then, with a little of the critic's
license, assuming that the latter half might originally have been
written "roister." But as this analysis would _render_ it so little
characteristic of the class so named, and would strongly imply that some
portion at least of that distinguished body was once viewed as the
"roisters," _i.e._ "bullies and blusterers," of that division of our
courts called "the Bar," it is evident that we cannot reasonably look
for the derivation of the latter part of the word from that source. But
still, as there may be those who are inclined, in spite of these cogent
objections, to doubt whether this may be its true etymon; and it is fit
that any such lurking and slanderous suspicion should be dispelled from
every sceptic mind, some one of your curious and learned correspondents,
anxious to effect it, will, perhaps, tax his etymological skill to the
suggestion of a less offensive, and more just and appropriate
derivation, than "Bar-roister."

    W. Y.

333. _Indian Jugglers._--Can any of your readers favour me with
references to any works containing an account of the trick practised by
jugglers in the East Indies, and known there by the name of "growing a
mango?" In performing this trick a seed is planted in a pot or basket of
earth, which is then covered up from the sight by a cloth or other wire;
in a little time this is removed, and the seed is seen to have
germinated, and its growth is similarly shown in successive stages, the
last of which exhibits the plant in fruit. Hundreds of Europeans have
seen the trick, but I have never heard of any one who was able to detect
the successive substitutions in which it obviously consists. I do not at
present recollect the name of any author who takes any notice of it.

    N.

334. _Priory of Hertford._--The Priory of Hertford was founded by Ralph
de Limesey and his wife Hadewise, some time after the Conquest. Can any
of your antiquarian correspondents inform me in what year this took
place?

The Rev. DR. ROCK had the politeness to answer my Query respecting the
Abbot Eustacius; perhaps he could oblige me by solving the present one.

    J. L.

335. _Jacobus Creusius_ (_or Crucius_).--_Jacobi Creusii Theologi et
Medici, Frisii, Victimas Humanas._ I should be greatly obliged by any
information respecting the author, or the book, which I find so
mentioned in a MS. of 1677.

    S. W. RIX.

  Beccles.

336. _Clekit House._--In the will of John Buttery of Bury, 1557, is this
item:

  "My capitall mesuage, with the maltinge house and the tenement
  called Banyards, with all the gardaines, yards, and close, to them
  belonginge,--except the ij tenements called the _Clekit_ House."

What is the meaning of _Clekit_? In the E.-Anglian dialect, _clicket_ is
"to chatter." Phillips has "CLICKET, the knocker of a door, but Chaucer
uses it for a key."

    BURIENSIS.

337. _Ballad on the Rising of the Vendée._--Who is the author of a
modern ballad on the Rising of the Vendée, of which the last lines are--

      "We crush'd, like ripen grapes, Montreuil, we tore
          down old Vetier--
      We charged them with our naked breasts, and took them
          with a cheer--
      We'll hunt the robbers through the land, from Seine to
          sparkling Rhone.
      Now 'Here's a health to all we love: our King shall
          have his own!'"

    D. B. J.

338. _Stanza on Spenser's "Shepherd's Calender."_--In some of the early
quarto editions of Spenser, in the "Shepherd's Calender," June, there is
a stanza which in almost all the subsequent folio editions is omitted. I
shall be much obliged for any information as to when and why it was left
out; in the copies in which it appears it is the twelfth stanza, and is
as follows:--

      "Now dead he is, and lieth wrapt in led,
      (O why should death on him such outrage show?)
      And all his passing skill with him is fled,
      The fame whereof doth daily greater grow;
      But if on me some little drops would flow
      Of that the spring was in his learned head,
      I soon should learn these words to wail my woe,
      And teach the trees their trickling tears to shed."

The last line is a good specimen of alliteration.

    E. N. W.

  Southwark, Nov. 17. 1851.

339. _Prophecy respecting 1837._--I remember seeing in the year 1837, I
think in one of the morning papers, the following lines, which were
said, as far as my memory serves me, to have been taken from an old
almanac, in which they were prophetical of what should happen in the
above-named year:--

      "By the power to see through the ways of Heaven,
      In one thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven,
      Shall the year pass away without any spring,
      And on England's throne shall not sit a king."

Can any of your readers inform me whether these lines were only composed
after the events related took place--that is, at the time the lines
appeared in the paper in which I saw them, or whether they are really to
be found in any old almanac; and if so, in what almanac, and in what
year?

    N. L. N.

  Maidstone.

340. _Lines on the Bible._--In a small volume of Sacred Poetry, in the
possession of a friend of mine, the following lines on the Bible are
ascribed to Byron:

      "Within this awful volume lies
      The mystery of mysteries;
      Oh! happiest they of human race
      To whom our God has given grace
      To hear, to read, to fear, to pray,
      To lift the latch, and force the way:
      But better had they ne'er been born
      Who read to doubt, or read to scorn."

Not having met with these lines in the works of Lord Byron, can any of
your readers say whether they are his, or not, or who is the author?

    JOHN ALGOR.

  Sheffield.

341. _En bon et poyer._--The family of Cockayne of Ashbourne, co. Derby,
used as a motto upon their seals, in the fourteenth century, the
following words, "En bon et poyer." This has been explained to mean,
"Boni est posse," or "Right is might." Can any of your readers suggest
anything to confirm or throw doubt on this interpretation?

    FRANCIS M. NICHOLS.

342. _"England expects every man," &c._--For nearly fifty years our
countrymen have taught their children Nelson's last signal--

      "England expects every man to do his duty."

Such was my impression of this emphatic form of words. I am surprised to
see upon the column in Trafalgar Square,

      "England expects every man _will_ do his duty."

Pray is there any authority for the inscription as it there stands?

    E. N. H.

343. _Religious Houses in East Sussex._--Can any of your readers refer
me to any sources of information, printed or in manuscript, in addition
to those mentioned in the last edition of Dugdale's _Monasticon_,
respecting the following religious houses in East Sussex: _Otham_,
_Bayham_, _Michelham_, _Robertsbridge_?

    E. V.

344. _Parish Registers--Right of Search--Fees claimable._--Considerable
attention has of late been excited with reference to the difficulties
attending the ordinary means of access to various public depositories of
documentary evidence in this country. In some of these departments, the
commencement of a welcome reform is already apparent; others, it is but
reasonable to hope, will, ere long, yield to the frank and inquisitive
spirit of the times in this respect. The present communication is
confined to a very wide, though less dignified source of official
information, viz. Parish Registers. I am sure I need not say one word to
illustrate the importance of the last-mentioned class of evidence to the
genealogist, the topographer, or the archæological inquirer in
general,--in one word, to those who enter into the spirit of the "NOTES
AND QUERIES." I beg, therefore, to submit the following inquiries:

1. Have the actual parishioners of a place a right to consult their own
register of baptisms, marriages, and burials, _gratuitously_? If not:--

2. What fee is _legally_ demandable,--and by whom,--and under what
restrictions? And--

3. Do the terms differ when the inquirer is not a _parishioner_? If so,
in what respect do they differ?

These inquiries have reference to the contents of the chests kept in, or
in connection with, parochial churches and chapels, and not to those in
the custody of the modern "Registrar." I need scarcely add, that my
concern is with the strictly _legal_ rights of search, and demand of
fees; and not as to what courtesy may concede, or usage sanction.

    D.

  Rotherfield.

345. _Bacon a Poet._--In Boswell's Journal of his _Tour to the Hebrides_
he quotes the subjoined couplet, premising, "As Bacon says--

      "Who then to frail mortality shall trust,
      But limns the water, or but writes in dust."

Is not _Bacon_ here a slip of the pen or press? Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord
Bacon, and Bacon the sculptor, are the only conspicuous men of the name,
and none of them that I know wrote verses.

    R. CS.

346. _Tregonwell Frampton._--Where can I obtain any particulars of the
life of Tregonwell Frampton, Esq., commonly called the "Father of the
Turf," who died at an advanced age about 1727-8. Reference is made to
him in the _Rambler_.

    T. R. W.

347. _Weever and Fuller--their Autographs wanted._--Can any of your
readers direct the etcher of a portrait of Weever, where to find his
autograph, from which to make a copy to illustrate it? It is not to be
found in the British Museum. The extreme paucity of information
respecting this worthy is somewhat strange, considering the value of his
contributions to literature. In our leading biographies and cyclopædias
his name does not occur. By-the-bye, where was he buried, and what
inscription is there on his "funeral monument?"

An etched portrait is about to be published in the next part of the
_Antiquarian Etching Club_, of Fuller, the author of _Worthies_, _Church
History_, &c., without a copy of his signature for the same reason,
unless one should be discovered.

It has been suggested that search made in the library of Queen's
College, Cambridge, might prove successful in both cases, from the fact
of their having both belonged to that college. Perhaps some member of
the university would kindly undertake the inquiry.

    A. E. C.

348. _Is the Badger Amphibious?_--Turner (_Sacred History of the World_,
Letter XV. vol. i. p. 428. 4th edit. 1833) says:

  "The beaver, otter, and _badger_ are _amphibious_ creatures, but
  not oviparous."

Surely this is a mistake, and worthy of a Note? I cannot find the badger
mentioned as an _amphibious_ animal in any modern zoology. I certainly
have not by me Kerr's _Linnæus_ to refer to, as a verification of Sharon
Turner's note on this passage.

    CHARLES PASLAM.


Minor Queries Answered.

_Royal Registers._--I have nine volumes of a work published by Bew,
Paternoster Row, and which appeared from 1778 to 1784, pretending to
give sketches of the characters of public men by his Majesty. Can any of
your correspondents inform me who was the writer, and what number of
volumes were published?

    B.

  [This literary curiosity was completed in nine volumes, which are
  sometimes bound in three. In 1841 Mr. H. G. Bohn advertised a copy
  with all the names filled up in manuscript, the initials being no
  doubt sufficiently intelligible at that time. For a notion of the
  work on its first appearance, see the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol.
  xlviii. p. 130.]

_Paul Hoste._--Paul Hoste, a Jesuit, published early in the seventeenth
century a small quarto with diagrams on "Breaking the Line," so much
discussed, as being first done in Rodney's action. If any one can give
me some account of Paul Hoste and his _scientific_ views on naval
architecture, the information will be acceptable to

    ÆGROTUS.

  [See Chalmers' and Gorton's _Biographical Dictionaries_; Moreri,
  _Le Grand Dictionnaire_, and _Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique,
  s.v._]

"_Liber Mirabilis._"--Can any of your readers inform me if there be a
copy of the _Liber Mirabilis_ in any library in the United Kingdom? It
contains a remarkable prediction of St. Cæsario, Bishop of Arles, in the
year 542. The work is printed in Gothic characters, and there is a copy
in the Royal Library, Paris.

    CLERICUS.

  Dublin.

  [A copy is in the library of the British Museum, consisting of two
  parts. Part I. is in Latin, and Part II. in French, 4to., 1523.]

_Saint Richard, King of England._--In the Romish Calendar we find, on
the 7th February, amongst other saints, "Saint Richard, King of
England." Which of our Richards does this refer to? I have never read in
history of any of them having been canonized, nor should I have thought
any of them at all a likely candidate for that honour; but if such was
really the case, I presume that Coeur de Lion must be the man, and that
his valour in the Crusades was suffered to outweigh his many other
unsaintly qualities.

    J. S. WARDEN.

  Balica.

  [St. Richard was an English prince, in the kingdom of the West
  Saxons, which it is probable he renounced that he might dedicate
  himself to the pursuit of Christian perfection. About the year
  722, on his way to Rome, he died suddenly at Lucca in Italy. See
  Butler's _Lives of the Saints_, Feb. 7.]

_Saint Irene or St. Erini._--Can any of your correspondents direct me to
where information may be found regarding the Saint Irene or St. Erini,
from whom the Grecian island of Santorin takes its name?

    Σ.

  Bristol Dec. 1. 1851.

  [Irene, Empress of Constantinople, A.D. 797-802, was one of the
  most extraordinary women in Byzantine history. The Greeks have
  placed her among their saints, and celebrate her memory on the
  15th of August. Consult Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman
  Biography and Mythology_, and Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_, chap.
  xlviii.]




Replies.


COCKNEY.

(Vol. iv., pp. 273. 318.)

The following passages collected from various sources, will perhaps help
to illustrate the origin and the several meanings of this word
_Cockney_:--

Fuller's first sense is--

  "One coaks'd or cockered, made a wanton or nestle-cock of,
  delicately bred and brought up, so that when grown men or women
  they can endure no hardship, nor comport with pains taking."

  "'Tis not their fault, but our mothers', our cockering mothers,
  who for their labour make us to be called _Cockneys_."--Dekker, _A
  Knight's Conjuring_, 1607.

      "And when this jape is told another day
      I shall be halden a daffe or a _Cokenay_."

      Chaucer, _The Reve's Tale_.

The following extracts will show that to this first sense Fuller might
have added, _one abundantly and daintily fed:_--

  "Unlesse it be shortly considered, and that faukons be broughte to
  _a more homelye diete_, it is ryght likely, that within a shorte
  space of yeares, our familiar pultry shall be as scarse, as be now
  partriche and fesaunte. I speake not this in disprayse of the
  faukons, but of them whiche keepeth them lyke _Cokeneys_."--Elyot,
  _The Governour_, 1557.

  "Some again are in the other extreme, and draw this mischief on
  their heads by too ceremonious and strict diet, being over precise
  _cockney-like_, and curious in their observation of
  meats."--Burton. _Anatomy of Melancholy_.

Fuller's second sense is--

  "One utterly ignorant of husbandry and huswifery such as is
  practised in the country, so that he may be easily persuaded
  anything about rural commodities, and the original thereof."

He relates the old _cock-neigh_ story, and adds another jest of a
similar kind:

  "One merrily persuaded a she-citizen, that seeing _malt_ did not
  grow, the good huswives in the country did spin it; 'I knew as
  much,' said the _Cockney_, 'for one may see the threads hang out
  at the ends thereof."

Shakspeare uses the word _Cockney_ in this latter sense in _King Lear_,
Act II. Sc. 4.:

  "_Lear._ Oh me, my heart, my rising heart! But down."

  "_Fool._ Cry to it, nuncle, as the _Cockney_ did to the eels, when
  she put 'em i' th' paste alive; she knapt 'em o' th' coxcombs with
  a stick, and cried 'Down, wantons, down;' 'twas her brother, that
  in pure kindness to his horse buttered his hay."

_Cokeney_ was apparently used in very early times to designate _London_.
In the _Britannia_, art. "Suffolk," Hugh Bigod, a rebellious baron in
the time of Henry II., boasts thus:

      "Were I in my castle of Bungey,
      Upon the river Waveney,
      I would ne care for the King of _Cockeney_."

I conceive that _Cokeney_ in this sense is derived from the Anglo-Saxon
word _cycene_, a kitchen or cooking place. Nares, however, in his
_Glossary_, says:

  "Le pais de cocagne, in French, means a country of good cheer; in
  old French _coquaine_; cocagna, in Italian, has the same meaning.
  Both might be derived from _coquina_. This famous country, if it
  could be found, is described as a region 'where the hills were
  made of sugar-candy, and the loaves ran down the hills, crying
  'Come eat me, _come eat me_.'"

Hickes gives, in his _Anglo-Saxon Grammar_, an ancient poem, describing
the plenteous land of _Cokeney_ or _Cokaigne_:

      "Fur in see hi west Spaynge
      Is a lond ihote Cocaygne
      Ther nis lond under hevenriche
      Of wel of goodnis hit iliche
      In Cokaygne is met and drink
      Withute care, how, and swink
      .......
      Ther nis lac of met no cloth
      .......
      Ther beth rivers gret and fine
      Of oile, melk, honi and wine.
      Water seruith ther to nothing
      Bot to siyt and to waussing.
      .......
      Ther is a wel fair abbei
      Of white monkes and of grei
      .......
      The gees irostid on the spitte
      Fleey to that abbai, god hit wot,
      And gredith 'gees al hote, al hot.'"

Shakspeare's use of _Cockney_, in _Twelfth Night_, Act IV. Sc. 1., is
somewhat obscure; but I conceive that the Clown means to express his
opinion that the world is already replete with folly:

      "_Seb._ I prithee vent thy folly somewhere else; thou know'st
              not me.

      "_Clown._ Vent my folly! He has heard that word of some great
              man, and now applies it to a fool. Vent my folly! I am
              afraid this great lubber, the world, will prove a
              _Cockney_."

The Clown probably intends to say, that to vent his folly to the world
will be like sending coals to Newcastle, or provisions to _Cocagne_; for
that, as regards folly, this great lubber the world will prove to be a
_Cocagne_ or _Cokeney_, _i.e._ a land of plenty. He may, however, mean
to hint, in a round-about way, that _Cockneys_, or natives of London,
are full of folly; or that the world is as well supplied with folly as a
_Cockney_ is with food.

I do not know whether I committed a _Cockney_, a _clerical_, or a
_canonical_ error, when I wrote the name of Chaucer under the following
lines instead of the word _Cokeney_:--

      "I have no peny, quod Pierce, polettes for to bie,
      Ne neither gose ne grys, but two grene cheses,
      A few curdes and creame, and an haver cake,
      And two loves of beanes and branne, bake for mi folke,
      And yet I say by my soule, I have no salt bacon
      Ne no _Cokeney_, by Christe, coloppes to make."

      _The Vision of Pierce Plowman_, printed 1550.

      "At that fest thay wer seruyd with a ryche aray,
      Every fyve and fyve had a _Cokenay_."

      _The Turnament of Tottenham._

The sentence for which I am responsible, p. 318., should read thus:
"_Cokeney_, in the above lines quoted by Webster, probably refers to any
substantial dish of fresh meat which might be cut in collops." I may add
that this use of the word brings it into close alliance with the
Anglo-Saxon word _cocnunga_, signifying _things cooked_, _pies_,
_puddings_, and _cock's-meat_.

The French and Neapolitan festivals, called _cocagne_ and _cocagna_,
appear to have presented themselves in this country under the form of
Cockneys' feasts and revels conducted by the King of Cockneys. Strype,
in the first appendix to his edition of Stow's _London_, under the head
"Stepney," describes at some length "The Cockney's Feast of Stepney;"
and Dugdale, in his _Origines Juridiciales_, recapitulates an order
entered on the _Register of Lincoln's Inn_, vol. iv. fo. 81a, in the 9th
of Henry VIII.:

  "That the _King of Cockneys_ in Childermass-day should sit and
  have due service, and that he and all his officers should use
  honest and lawful manner and good order, without any waste of
  destruction making, in wine, brawn, chely, or other victuals: as
  also that he, his marshal, butler, and constable marshal, should
  have their lawful and honest commandments by delivery of the
  officers of Christmas: and that the said King of Cockneys, ne none
  of his officers, medyll neither in the buttry nor in the Stuard of
  Christmass his office--upon pain of xi's. for every such medling.
  And lastly, that Jack Straw and all his adherents should be
  thenceforth utterly banisht, and no more to be used in this house
  upon pain to forfeit, for every time five pounds, to be levied on
  every fellow hapning to offend against this rule."

Some obliging bencher of Lincoln's Inn will perhaps have the goodness to
examine, or to permit me to examine the _Register_, to ascertain whether
this potentate was king of Cockneys, as Dugdale has it, or of Cockney.

    A LONDONER.


Replies to Minor Queries.

_The Word Infortuner_ (Vol. iv., p. 328.).--J. C. W. enquires, "Is
_infortuner_ to be found in any old Dictionary?" I would state that I
have not been able to find it; but in Cockeram's _English Dictionarie_,
1639, I find "_Infortunate_, unhappy;" and in Bailey's _Dictionary_,
vol. i. 1753, "_Infortunate_, unhappy, unlucky;" "_Infortune_,
misfortune," referred to Chaucer; "_Infortunes_, an astrological term,
applied to Saturn and Mars, because of their unfortunate influences;"
"_Infortunid_, unfortunate," referred to Chaucer; and in vol. ii of
Bailey's _Dictionary_, 1727, I find "_Infortunateness_, unhappiness,
unluckiness." It is singular that Cockeram gives "infortunate" in his
first alphabet, which, he says, in his preface, "hath the _choicest_
words now in use, wherewith our language is enriched." "Unfortunate" he
places in the second alphabet, which, he says, "contains the _vulgar_
words." Neither Cole's _English Dictionary_, 1685, nor Blount's
_Glossographia_, 1670, nor Phillips' _World of Words_, 1678, contain the
word "unfortunate" in any of its terminations or applications. Mr.
Halliwell, in his _Dictionary of Provincial Words_, gives the word
"_Infortune_, misfortune," deriving it from the Anglo-Norman.

Whilst referring thus to our early lexicographers, allow me to allude
to an anecdote respecting, Dr. Adam Lyttleton, who, when compiling his
Latin Dictionary, announced the verb "concurro" to his amanuensis; the
latter, imagining, from an affinity of sound, that the first two
syllables gave the English meaning of the verb, said, "_Concur_, I
suppose, sir." To which the Doctor peevishly replied, "_Concur_,
condog." The scribe wrote down what he supposed his employer dictated,
and the word "condog" was inserted, and stands as one interpretation of
"concurro" in the first edition of the Dictionary; it is, of course,
expunged from subsequent ones. I give this statement as I find it in
print. I do not vouch for its correctness, not having the first edition
of the Dictionary to refer to. Strange to say, however, "condog" was
regarded as a synonym, or rather as an equivalent to "concur," long
before the date of the first edition of Dr. Lyttleton's _Dictionary_. In
Cockeram's _Dictionarie_, before referred to, sixth edition, 1639, I
find the second alphabet, among the words which the author calls
_vulgar_, the verb "to agree" defined "Concurre, cohere, _condog_,
condiscend." Cockeram's _Dictionary_ was evidently a work of some
authority in its day; it was dedicated to Sir Richard Boyle, and reached
to, at least, a _sixth_ edition, which edition is announced in the
title-page as "revised and enlarged," and therefore "condog" did not owe
its place in it to the error of an amanuensis or transcriber. The book,
although small, contains much curious matter, to which I may, perhaps,
hereafter refer. In his "premonition to the reader," he says, "where
thou meetest with a word marked thus +, know you that it is now out of
use, and only used of some ancient writers." Among these words thus
marked as obsolete in 1639, I find, on casually opening the book, the
following, "abandon, abate, bardes, insanity." He also defines _Troy
weight_ as "a pound weight of twelve ounces, wherewith _bread_, precious
stones, gold and silver are weighed." Blount also (1670), and Cole
(1685), say bread was sold by Troy weight; the latter adds medicines to
the articles sold by that standard. Cowell, in his _Law Dictionary_
(1708), says, "Electuaries, and medicinal things, and _brede_, are to be
weighed by Troy weight;" Bayley, in 1753, says, "Gold, silver, drugs,"
&c., are weighed by Troy weight, but does not enumerate bread. Can any
of your readers inform me when bread was first directed to be sold by
Troy weight, and when it ceased to be so?

    P. T.

  Stoke Newington.

_Foreign Ambassadors_ (Vol. iv., p. 442.).--There is a list of French
ambassadors, envoys, ministers, and other political agents at the court
of England, in the _Annuaire_ of the Société de l'histoire de France for
1848, which is the twelfth volume of the series. The list commences in
1396, and is continued to 1830.

I believe there is a copy of this most useful publication in the British
Museum. If so, it should appear in the _experimental_ catalogue of 1841,
under the head of ACADEMIES--EUROPE--FRANCE--PARIS--_Société de
l'histoire de France!_

    BOLTON CORNEY.

_Petition for the Recall from Spain of the Duke of Wellington_ (Vol.
iv., p. 233.).--ÆGROTUS asked if a copy of the petition to the above
effect from the Corporation of London to the Crown can be found, as it
is a droll historical document, which should not sink into oblivion; he
jumps at the conclusion that it does exist, but I think is mistaken.
Through the kindness of a friend who is in the Corporation, I have had
the journals searched, and have not been successful in finding any
address to the above tenor. There are abundance congratulating the
Prince Regent on the successes of the Duke, but none of censure. I have
likewise ascertained that some of the oldest servants of the City feel
quite sure that no such address was ever carried. If ÆGROTUS can give me
any grounds for his belief, or anything likely to aid my inquiry, I will
renew the search.

    E. N. W.

  Southwark.




Miscellaneous.


NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

If any doubt could exist as to the value of the _Germania_ of Tacitus,
as an invaluable contribution to the history of all the Teutonic races,
a glance at the Appendix to Klemm's _Germanische Altherthumskunde_, in
which that author has enumerated not only the best editions and
translations of the _Germania_, but also the most important
dissertations to which it has given rise, would at once dispel it. The
scholar and the antiquary of this country may therefore be congratulated
on the fact of Dr. Latham having prepared an edition of it, which has
been issued under the title of _The Germania of Tacitus, with
Ethnological Dissertations and Notes_. Although "the work," to use Dr.
Latham's own words, "is rather a commentary upon the geographical part
of the _Germania_, than on the _Germania_ itself--the purely descriptive
part relating to the customs of the early Germans being passed over
almost _sicco pede_,"--yet our readers will have no difficulty in
estimating its importance, when we inform them that the Ethnological
Dissertations and Notes which accompany the text may be said to embody
the views, (ofttimes indeed dissented from by Dr. Latham,) of Grimm and
Zeuss, and the learning with which those distinguished men have
illustrated the subject. Indeed, Dr. Latham, who sets an example of
openly acknowledging his obligations to other scholars which we should
be glad to see more generally followed, expressly states, that whether
the work before us took its present form, or that of a translation with
an elaborate commentary of Zeuss's learned and indispensable work, _Die
Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme_, was a mere question of convenience.

If the story that we have heard be true, namely, that one of the most
learned and active members of the episcopal bench did, at a late
clerical meeting, hold up a copy of Whitaker's _Clergyman's Diary and
Ecclesiastical Directory_, and pronounce it to be a little book so full
of useful and invaluable information as to be indispensable to every
clergyman, it is clear that the work is beyond all criticism.

_The Family Almanack and Educational Register for 1852_, contains--in
addition to full particulars of nearly a thousand public schools,
colleges, and universities, and a list (containing upwards of a
thousand) of the principal private schools in the kingdom,--a vast
amount of miscellaneous information (including for the first time the
Statutes of the Irish University) and statistical tables, and so forms a
volume which no person interested in the great question of education can
at all do without.

While on the subject of education, we may acknowledge the receipt of
several educational works, which we can only notice with great brevity.

M. Merlet's _Dictionary of French Difficulties_ (which, but that the
subject is almost too grave for such a jest, we should have suggested
might very appropriately have been dedicated to the President) bears on
its title the stamp of its merit in the words "_third edition_."

M. Falch Lebahn's _Self Instructor in German_; _Practice in German_; and
_German in One Volume_ (4th ed.), are very able attempts to facilitate
the study of that most useful language.

The last work, containing as it does La Motte Fouque's beautiful tale of
_Undine_, with explanatory notes on all the difficult words and phrases,
and its vocabulary of 4500 words synonymous in German and English,
cannot be found otherwise than most useful.


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CLARE'S RURAL MUSE.

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REASONS FOR ABROGATING THE TEST IMPOSED UPON ALL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT.
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Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 13, 1851.




      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]

      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |
      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |
      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |
      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |
      | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851      | 305-333 | PG # 38926 |
      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
      | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov.  1, 1851      | 337-358 | PG # 39076 |
      | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov.  8, 1851      | 361-374 | PG # 39091 |
      | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851      | 377-396 | PG # 39135 |
      | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851      | 401-414 | PG # 39197 |
      | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851      | 417-430 | PG # 39233 |
      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
      | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec.  6, 1851      | 433-460 | PG # 39338 |
      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
      +------------------------------------------------+------------+