﻿The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Conuercyon of swerers, by Stephen Hawes

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org


Title: The Conuercyon of swerers
       (The Conversion of Swearers)

Author: Stephen Hawes

Release Date: August 9, 2007 [EBook #22289]

Language: English

Character set encoding: UTF-8

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CONUERCYON OF SWERERS ***




Produced by Louise Hope, David Starner and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net





  [Transcriber’s Note:

  This e-text includes characters that will only display in UTF-8
  (Unicode) text readers:

    ãẽĩõũỹ [vowel with “tilde” or overline for following m/n]

  If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular,
  if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the
  quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your
  text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode
  (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font.

  Spelling and punctuation are unchanged unless otherwise noted. Errors
  and details are given at the end of the text.]




¶The Conuercyon of swerers.


    [Illustration]

  The frutefull sentẽce & the noble werkes
  To our doctryne wrytẽ ĩ olde ãtyquyte
  By many gret & ryght notable clerkes
  Groũded on reason and hygh auctoryte
  Dyde gyue vs example by good moralyte
  To folowe the trace of trouth and ryght wysnes
  Leuynge our synne and mortall wrechednes

  By theyr wrytynge doth to vs appere
  The famous actes of many a champyon
  In the courte of fame renowned fayre and clere
  And some endyted theyr entencyon
  Cloked in coloure harde in construccyon
  Specyally poetes vnder cloudy fygures
  Couered the trouthe of all theyr scryptures

  So hystoryagraphes all the worthy dedes
  Of kynges and knyghtes dyde put in wrytynge
  To be in mende for theyr memoryall medes
  How sholde we now haue knowledgynge
  Of thynges past / but by theyr endytynge
  Wherfore we ought to prayse them doubteles
  That spent theyr tyme in suche good busynes.

  Amonge all other my good mayster Lydgate
  The eloquent poete and monke of bury
  Dyde bothe contryue and also translate
  Many vertues bokes to be in memory
  Touchynge the trouthe well and sentencyously
  But syth that his deth was intollerable
  I praye god rewarde hym in lyfe perdurable

  Amonge all thynges nothynge so prouffytable
  As is scyence with the sentencyous scrypture
  For worldly rychesse is often transmutable
  As dayly dothe appere well in vre
  Þet scyens a bydeth and is moost sure
  After pouerte to attayne grete rychesse
  Scyens is cause of promocion doubtles

  I lytell or nought expert in poetrye
  Remembrynge my youth so lyght and frayle
  Purpose to compyle here full breuyatly
  A lytell treatyse wofull to bewayle
  The cruell swerers which do god assayle
  On euery syde his swete body to tere
  With terryble othes as often as they swere

  But all for drede plonged in neclygence
  My penne dothe quake to presume to endyte
  But hope at laste to recure this scyence
  Exorteth me ryght hardely to wryte
  To deuoyde ydlenesse by good appetyte
  For ydlenesse the grete moder of synne
  Euery vyce is redy to lette ynne

  I with the same ryght gretely infecte
  Lykely to deye tyll grace by medecyne
  Recured my sekenes my payne to abiecte
  Commaundynge me by her hye power deuyne
  To drawe this treatyse for to enlumyne
  The reders therof by penytencyall pyte
  And to pardon me of theyr benygnyte


  Ryght myghty prỹces of euery crysten regyõ
  I sende you gretynge moche hertly & grace
  Right wel to gouern vpright your dominiõ
  And all your lordes I greete in lyke cace
  By this my lettre your hertes to enbrace
  Besechynge you to prynte it in your mynde
  How for your sake I toke on me mankynde

  And as a lambe moost mekely dyde enclyne
  To suffre the dethe for your redempcyon
  And ye my kynges whiche do nowe domyne
  Ouer my comons in terrestryall mancyon
  By pryncely preemynence and Iuredyccyon
  In your regall courtes do suffre me be rente
  And my tender body with blode all besprente

  Without my grace ye maye nothynge preuayle
  Though ye be kynges for to mayntene your see
  To be a kynge it may nothynge auayle
  Buy yf my grace preserue his dygnyte
  Beholde your seruauntes how they do tere me
  By cruell othes now vpon euery syde
  Aboute the worlde launcynge my woundes wyde

  All the graces whiche I haue you shewed
  Reuoule in mynde ryght ofte ententyfly
  Beholde my body with blody droppes endewed
  Within your realmes nowe torne so pyteously
  Towsed and tugged with othes cruelly
  Some my heed some myn armes and face
  Some my herte do all to rente and race

  They newe agayne do hange me on the rode
  They tere my sydes and are nothynge dysmayde
  My woundes they open and deuoure my blode
  I god and man moost wofully arayde
  To you complayne it maye not be denayde
  Ye nowe do tug me / ye tere me at the roote
  Yet I to you am chefe refuyte and boote

  Wherfore ye kynges reygnynge in renowne
  Refourme your seruauntes in your courte abused
  To good example of euery maner towne
  So that theyr othes whiche they longe haue vsed
  On payne and punysshement be holly refused
  Meke as a Lambe I suffre theyr grete wronge
  I maye take vengeaunce thoughe I tary longe

  I do forbere I wolde haue you amende
  And graunte you mercy and ye wyll it take
  O my swete brederne why do ye offende
  Agayne to tere me whiche deyed for your sake
  Lo se my kyndenes and frome synne awake
  I dyde redeme you from the deuylles chayne
  And spyte of me ye wyll to hym agayne

  Made I not heuen the moost gloryous mansyon
  In whiche I wolde be gladde to haue you in
  Now come swete bretherne to myn habytacyon
  Alas good brederne with your mortall synne
  Why flee ye from me / to torne agayne begynne
  I wrought you I bought you ye can it not denye
  Yet to the deuyll ye go nowe wyllyngly

    [Decoration]


    [Illustration]

  See
  Me
  Be  (kynde

¶ Agayne
  My payne
  Reteyne   (in mynde

¶ My swete bloode
  On the roode
  Dyde the good   (my broder

¶ My face ryght red
  Myn armes spred
  My woundes bled    (thynke none oder

¶ Beholde thou my syde
  Wounded so ryght wyde
  Bledynge sore that tyde   (all for thyn owne sake

¶ Thus for the I smerted
  Why arte [thou] harde herted
  Be by me conuerted   (& thy swerynge aslake

¶ Tere me nowe no more
  My woundes are sore
  Leue swerynge therfore   (and come to my grace

¶ I am redy
  To graunte mercy
  To the truely   (for thy trespace

¶ Come nowe nere
  My frende dere
  And appere   (before me

¶ I so
  In wo
  Dyde go   (se se

¶ I
  Crye
  Hy (the

    [Decoration]


  Vnto me dere broder my loue and my herte
  Turmente me no more with thyn othes grete
  Come vnto my Ioye and agayne reuerte
  From the deuylles snare and his sutyl net
  Beware of the worlde all aboute the set
  Thy flesshe is redy by concupyscence
  To burne thy herte with cursed vyolence

  Thoughe these thre enmyes do sore the assayle
  Vpon euery syde with daungerous iniquite
  But yf thou lyst / they may nothynge preuayle
  Nor yet subdue the with all theyr extremyte
  To do good or yll / all is at thy lyberte
  I do graunte the grace thyn enemyes to subdue
  Swete broder accepte it theyr power to extue

  And ye kynges and prynces of hye noblenes
  With dukes and lordes of euery dygnyte
  Indued with manhode wysdome and ryches
  Ouer the comons hauynge the soueraynte
  Correcte them whiche so do tere me
  By cruell othes without repentaunce
  Amende be tyme lest I take vengeaunce

Exodi vicesimo / non accipies nomen dei tui in vãnum

  Vnto the man I gaue commaundement
  Not to take the name of thy god vaynfully
  As not to swere but at tyme conuenyent
  Before a Iuge to bere recorde truely
  Namynge my name with reuerence mekely
  Vnto the Iuge than there in presence
  By my name to gyue to the good credence

  A my brederne yf that I be wrothe
  It is for cause ye falsly by me swere
  Ye knowe yourselfe that I am very trothe
  Þet wrongfully ye do me rente and tere
  ye neyther loue me nor my Iustyce fere
  And yf ye dyde ye wolde full gentylly
  Obeye my byddynge well and perfytely

  The worldly kynges hauynge the soueraynte
  ye do well obey without resystence
  ye dare not take theyr names in vanyte
  But with grete honoure and eke reuerence
  Than my name more hye of magnyfycence
  ye ought more to drede whiche am kynge of all
  Bothe god and man and reygne celestyall

  No erthely man loueth you so well
  As I do / which mekely dyde enclyne
  For to redeme you from the fendes of hell
  Takynge your kynde by my godhede dyuyne
  you were the fendes I dyde make you myne
  For you swete bretherne I was on the rode
  Gyuynge my body my herte and my blode

  Than why do ye in euery maner of place
  With cruell othes tere my body and herte
  My sydes and woundes it is a pyteous cace
  Alas swete brederne I wolde you conuerte
  For to take vengeaunce ye do me coherte
  From the hous of swerers shall not be absent
  The plage of Iustyce to take punysshement

¶Vnde. Ecclesiastici .xxxiii. Vir multum iurans implebitur
iniquitate et non discedet a domo eius plaga.

  A man moche swerynge with grete iniquite
  Shall be replete and from his mancyon
  The plage of vengeaunce shall not cessed be
  Wherefore ye brederne full of abusyon
  Take ye good hede to this dyscrypcyon
  Come nowe to me and axe forgyuenes
  And be penytente and haue it douteles

Augustinus. Non potest male mori qui bene vixit et vix
bene moritur [qui] male vixit.

  Who in this worlde lyueth well and ryghtwysly
  Sall deye well by ryght good knowlegynge
  Who in this worlde lyueth yll and wrongfully
  Shall hardly scape to haue good endynge
  I do graunte mercy but no tyme enlongynge
  Wherfore good brederne whyles that ye haue space
  Amend your lyfe and come vnto my grace

  My wordes my prelates vnto you do preche
  For to conuerte you from your wretchednes
  But lytell auaylleth you nowe for to teche
  The worlde hathe cast you in such blyndnes
  Lyke vnto stones your hertes hathe hardnes
  That my swete wordes may not reconsyle
  Your hertes harde with mortall synne so vyle

  Wo worthe your hertes so planted in pryde
  Wo worthe your wrath and mortall enuye
  Wo worthe slouth that dothe with you abyde
  Wo worthe also inmesurable glotony
  Wo worthe your tedyus synne of lechery
  Wo worthe you whome I gaue free wyll
  Wo worthe couetyse that dothe your soulse spyll

  Wo worthe shorte Ioye cause of payne eternall
  Wo worthe you that be so peruerted
  Wo worthe your pleasures in the synnes mortall
  Wo worthe you for whome I sore smerted
  Wo worthe you euer but ye be conuerted
  Wo worthe you whose makynge I repente
  Wo worthe your horryble synne so vyolent

  Wo worthe you whiche do me forsake
  Wo worthe you whiche wyllyngely offende
  Wo worthe your swerynge whiche dothe not aslake
  Wo worthe you whiche wyll nothynge amende
  Wo worthe vyce that dothe on you attende
  Wo worthe your grete vnkyndenes to me
  Wo worthe your hertes withouten pyte

  Wo worthe your falshode and your doublenesse
  Wo worthe also your corrupte Iugement
  Wo worthe delyte in worldely rychesse
  Wo worthe bebate without extynguyshment
  Wo worthe your wordes so moche impacyent
  Wo worthe you vnto whome I dyde bote
  And wo worthe you that tere me at the rote

  Blessyd be ye that loue humylyte
  Blessyd be ye that loue trouthe and pacyence
  Blessyd be ye folowynge werkes of equyte
  Blessyd be ye that loue well abstynence
  Blessyd be ye vyrgyns of excellence
  Blessyd be ye which loue well vertue
  Blessyd be ye whiche do the worlde eschue

  Blessyd be ye that heuenly Ioye do loue
  Blessyd be ye in vertuous gouernaunce
  Blessyd be ye whiche do pleasures reproue
  Blessyd be ye that consyder my greuaunce
  Blessyd be ye whiche do take repentaunce
  Blessyd be ye remembrynge my passyon
  Blessyd be ye makynge petycyon

  Blessyd be ye folowynge my trace
  Blessyd be ye louynge trybulacyon
  Blessyd be ye not wyllynge to trespace
  Blessyd be ye of my castycacyon
  Blessyd be ye of good operacyon
  Blessyd be ye vnto me ryght kynde
  Blessyd be you whiche haue me in your mynde

  Blessyd be ye leuynge yll company
  Blessyd be ye hauntynge the vertuous
  Blessyd be ye that my name magnefy
  Blessyd be ye techynge the vycyous
  Blessyd be ye good and relygyous
  Blessyd be ye in the lyfe temperall
  Whiche applye yourselfe to Ioye celestyall

  The brytyll worlde ryght often transmutable
  Who wyll in it his lyfe in tyme well spende
  Shall Ioye attayne after inestymable
  For in the worlde he must fyrst condyscende.
  To take grete payne as his power wyll extende
  Agaynst the worlde the flesshe and the deuyll
  By my grete grace for to withstande theyr euyll

  For who can be a gretter fole than he
  That spendeth his tyme to hym vncertayne
  For a breuyat pleasure of worldly vanyte
  Than after that to haue eternall payne
  Who of the worlde delyteth and is fayne
  Shall after sorowe and cry ve ve
  In an other worlde quante sunt tenebre

  Who is wyser than he that wyll applye
  In the worlde to take payne by due dylygence
  After shorte payne to come to grete glorye
  Whiche is eterne moost hye of excellence
  Where he shall se my grete magnyfycence
  With many aungelles whiche for theyr solace
  Insacyately do beholde my face

  Regarde no Ioye of the erthly consystory
  For lyke as Phebus dothe the snowe relente
  So passeth the Ioyes of the worlde transytory
  Tyme renneth fast tyll worldly lyfe be spente
  Consyder this in your entendemente
  Blessed be they that my worde do here
  And kepe it well, for they are to me dere

  Therfore good brederne your hertes enclyne
  To loue and drede me that am omnipotent
  Bothe god and man in Ioye celestyne
  Beholde my body all to torne and rente
  With your spytefull othes cruell and vyolent
  I loue you ye hate me ye are to harde herted
  I helpe you ye tere me lo how for you I smerted

  Mercy and peace dyde make an vnyte
  Bytwene you and me but trouthe & ryghtwysnesse
  Do nowe complayne byddynge my godheed se
  How that ye breke the lege of sothfastnesse
  They tell me that by Iustyce doubtelesse
  I must take vengeaunce vpon you sykerly
  That by your swerynge, agayne me crucefye

  For at the request of good mercy and peace
  I haue forborne you longe and many a daye
  Þet more and more your synnes do encrease
  Wherfore my Iustyce wyll no more delaye
  But take vengeaunce for all your proude araye
  I warne you ofte ye are nothynge the better
  But ye amende my vengenaunce shall be gretter

¶ Contra iuratores [christi] in celo crucifigentes. per bernardũ
dicit dominus. Nonne satis pro te vulneratus sum? nonne satis pro
te afflictus sum? desine amplius peccare. [quia] magis aggrauat
vulnus peccati [quam] vulnus lateris mei.

  Am not I wounded for the suffycyent
  Haue I not for the ynoughe afflyccyon
  Leue more to synne by good amendement
  The wounde of synne to me is more passyon
  Than the wounde of my syde for thy redempcyon
  Thoughe I do spare I shall you desteny
  But ye amende to brenne eternally

  With my blody woundes I dyde your chartre seale
  Why do you tere it / why do ye breke it so
  Syth it to you is the eternall heale
  And the releace of euerlastynge wo
  Beholde this lettre with the prynte also
  Of myn owne seale by perfyte portrature
  Prynte it in mynde and ye shall helthe recure

  And ye kynges and lordes of renowne
  Exorte your seruauntes theyr swerynge to cease
  Come vnto me and cast your synne adowne
  And I my vengeaunce shall truely releace
  With grace and plente / I shall you encrace
  And brynge you whiche reuolue inwardly
  This is my complaynte to eternall glory.

  AMEN.


  ¶The Auctour as foloweth.

  ¶Go lytell treatyse deuoyde of eloquence
  Tremblynge for dreade to approche the maieste
  Of our souereynge lord surmountynge in excellence
  Put under the wynge of his benygnyte
  Submyttynge the to his mercyfull pytie.
  And beseche hys grace to pardon thy rudnesse
  Whych of late was made to eschewe ydlenesse.

¶Thus endeth the conuersyon of swerers, made and compyled
by Stephen Hawys, groome of the chambre of our souerigne lorde
Kyng Henry the seuenth. Enprynted at London, in Fletestrete,
at the sygne of the Sonne, by Wynken de Worde, Prynter vnto
the moost excellent prynses, my lady the kynges graundame,
the yere of our Lord a MCCCCCIX. the first yere of the
reigne of our souerayne lord kyng Henry the VIII.


    [Illustration: {Printer’s symbol}]

       *       *       *       *       *
           *       *       *       *
       *       *       *       *       *

Errors and Irregularities

  Þet scyens a bydeth and is moost sure  [spacing unchanged]
  Reuoule in mynde ryght ofte ententyfly  [error for “Reuolue”?]
  Dyde go   (se se  [open parenthesis missing]
  Wo worthe bebate without extynguyshment  [error for “debate”?]
  For lyke as Phebus dothe the snowe relente  [text reads “Phehus”]
  And the releace of euerlastynge wo  [initial “A” invisible]
  Put under the wynge of his benygnyte  [initial “u” in original]


Unusual letters or letterforms

  Capital U/V is shown as “V” for consistency, although the letterform
  is closer to “U”. Thorn Þ appears several times at the beginning of
  lines, and once in an abbreviation; “th” is used everywhere else.
  A series of lines on page A.iiii. verso, starting with “ye neyther
  loue me nor my Iustyce fere”, have initial lower-case “y”. The first
  of these may have been necessary to avoid collision with the Þ of the
  previous line.

  In verse, nasal abbreviations such as ã and ẽ appear only in lines
  with large initial drop caps. Other abbreviations--mainly in the
  Latin passages--are shown in brackets:  [qui], [christi]. The word
  shown as [thou] was printed as “u” directly above “þ” (not “y”): þͧ.
  Not all computers can display this form correctly.






End of Project Gutenberg's The Conuercyon of swerers, by

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CONUERCYON OF SWERERS ***

***** This file should be named 22289-0.txt or 22289-0.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
        https://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/2/8/22289/

Produced by Louise Hope, David Starner and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net


Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
https://gutenberg.org/license).


Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works

1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.

1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.

1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
     License.  You must require such a user to return or
     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
     Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
     of receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.


Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.


Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at https://pglaf.org

For additional contact information:
     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
     Chief Executive and Director
     gbnewby@pglaf.org


Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit https://pglaf.org

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate


Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.


Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.


Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

     https://www.gutenberg.org

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
