THE LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS.




[Illustration: ROSE, BLUE VIOLET, JASMINE MOSS ROSE, BUD.

    _Your beauty, modesty and amiability,_
    _Have drawn from me a confession of love._
]




                       The Language of Flowers.

                                  THE

                           FLORAL OFFERING:

                                   A

                    TOKEN OF AFFECTION AND ESTEEM;

                              COMPRISING

                  The Language and Poetry of Flowers.

         WITH COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS, FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS.


                         BY HENRIETTA DUMONT.


                             PHILADELPHIA:
                       H. C. PECK & THEO. BLISS.
                                 1851.

      Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1851, by
                       H. C. PECK & THEO. BLISS,
in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of
                             Pennsylvania.

                   STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON AND CO.
                             PHILADELPHIA.




Preface.


Why has the beneficent Creator scattered over the face of the earth such
a profusion of beautiful flowers--flowers by the thousand and million,
in every land--from the tiny snowdrop that gladdens the chill spring of
the north, to the gorgeous magnolia that flaunts in the sultry regions
of the tropics? Why is it that every landscape has its appropriate
flowers, every nation its national flowers, every rural home its home
flowers? Why do flowers enter and shed their perfume over every scene of
life, from the cradle to the grave? Why are flowers made to utter all
voices of joy and sorrow in all varying scenes, from the chaplet that
adorns the bride to the votive wreath that blooms over the tomb?

It is for no other reason than that flowers have in themselves a real
and natural significance. They have a positive relation to man, his
sentiments, passions, and feelings. They correspond to actual emotions.
They have their mission--a mission of love and mercy. They have their
language, and from the remotest ages this language has found its
interpreters.

In the East the language of flowers has been universally understood and
applied “time out of mind.” Its meaning finds a place in their poetry
and in all their literature, and it is familiarly known among the
people. In Europe it has existed and been recognised for long ages among
the people, although scarcely noticed by the literati until a
comparatively recent period. Shakspeare, however, whom nothing escaped
which was known to the people, exhibits his intimate acquaintance with
the language of flowers in his masterly delineation of the madness of
Ophelia.

Recent writers in all languages recognise the beauty and propriety of
this language to such an extent, that an acquaintance with it has now
become indispensable as a part of a polished education.

Our little volume is devoted to the explanation of this beautiful
language. We have made it as complete as our materials and limits would
permit. We present it to our readers in the humble hope that we shall
increase the means of elegant and innocent enjoyment by our “Floral
Offering.”




Contents.


                                                                    PAGE

Acacia, (Friendship)                                                 123

Acanthus, (The arts)                                                 140

Almond Blossom, (Indiscretion)                                        22

Aloe, (Grief)                                                         28

Althea, (Consumed by love)                                           162

Amaranth, (Immortality)                                              100

Anemone, (Forsaken)                                                  122

Ash Tree, (Grandeur)                                                 222

Box, (Stoicism)                                                       63

Broom, (Humility)                                                    179

Cactus, (Ardent love)                                                 26

Camellia Japonica, (Modest merit)                                    156

Chamomile, (Energy in adversity)                                     225

China Aster, (Variety)                                               200

Citron, (Estrangement)                                               227

Columbine, (Desertion)                                                87

Common Thistle, (Misanthropy)                                        243

Corn, (Riches)                                                       186

Cowslip, (Pensiveness)                                               113

Coxcomb, (Singularity)                                               235

Cranberry, (Cure for the heartache)                                  188

Crocus, (Youth)                                                       23

Cypress, (Mourning)                                                   49

Dahlia, (Elegance and dignity)                                       154

Daisy, (Innocence)                                                    39

Dandelion, (The rustic oracle)                                       132

Dead Leaves, (Death)                                                 217

Dew Plant, (Serenade)                                                246

Dragon Plant, (You are near a snare)                                 229

Dyer’s Weed, (Relief)                                                166

Fennel, (Strength)                                                   233

Fir, (Time)                                                          238

Forget-me-not                                                        116

Grass, (Submission)                                                  236

Hawthorn, (Hope)                                                      52

Hazel, (Peace, reconciliation)                                       204

Heliotrope, (Devoted affection)                                      106

Holly, (Foresight)                                                   195

Hollyhock, (Ambition)                                                 96

Hyacinth, (Constancy)                                                 59

Ice Plant, (Frigidity)                                                25

Ivy, (Constancy)                                                     193

Jasmine, (Amiability)                                                109

Juniper, (Protection)                                                203

Lady’s Slipper, (Capricious beauty)                                  160

Larkspur, (Flights of fancy)                                         164

Laurel, (Glory)                                                       98

Lavender, (Distrust)                                                  36

Lichen, (Solitude)                                                   254

Lilac, (First emotions of love)                                       46

Lily, (Majesty)                                                       67

Lily of the Valley, (Modesty)                                         58

Love-lies-bleeding, (Deserted love)                                   55

Marigold, (Grief)                                                     72

Marvel of Peru, (Timidity)                                           143

Meadow Saffron, (My best days are past)                              198

Mezereon, (Coquetry, desire to please)                                13

Mignonette, (Your qualities surpass your charms)                     108

Mistletoe, (I climb to greatness)                                    220

Moss, (Maternal love)                                                125

Moss Rose, (Confession of love)                                       69

Myrtle, (Love)                                                        56

Narcissus and Daffodil, (Self-love)                                   65

Nasturtion, (Patriotism)                                             168

Nettles, (Cruelty)                                                    86

Nightshade, or Bitter-sweet, (Truth)                                 170

Oak, (Nobility)                                                      206

Oak Geranium, (Friendship)                                           150

Orchis, (A belle)                                                     61

Pansy, (Think of me)                                                  37

Passion Flower, (Faith)                                               89

Peony, (Anger)                                                        85

Periwinkle, (Tender recollections)                                    43

Pimpernel, (The weather-glass)                                       133

Pine, (Pity)                                                         248

Pink, (Pure love)                                                     91

Poppy, (Consolation)                                                 135

Primrose, (Early grief)                                               20

Red Rose, (Beauty and love)                                           77

Reed, (Single blessedness)                                           231

Rosemary, (Remembrance)                                              120

Sage, (Domestic virtues)                                             251

Scarlet Geranium, (Stupidity)                                        147

Sensitive Plant, (Chastity)                                           92

Snowdrop, (Hope)                                                      15

Starwort, American, (Welcome)                                        202

St. John’s Wort, (Superstition)                                      181

Stock, (Lasting beauty)                                              145

Strawberry, (Perfection)                                             102

Sweet-Brier, or Eglantine, (Poetry)                                   45

Sweet-Flag--Acorus Calamus, (Grace)                                  172

Sunflower, (False riches)                                            104

Thorn-Apple, (Deceitful charms)                                      158

Thyme, (Activity)                                                     94

Tuberose, (Dangerous love)                                           152

Tulip, (Declaration of love)                                          48

Valerian, (An accommodating disposition)                             142

Vervain, (Enchantment)                                               184

Violet, (Modest worth)                                                31

Wall-Flower, (Fidelity in adversity)                                  51

White Water-Lily, (Purity)                                            70

White Rose, (I would be single)                                       74

Woodbine, or Honeysuckle, (Affection)                                111

Wormwood, (Absence)                                                   30

Yellow Rose, (Jealousy)                                               75

Yew, (Sorrow)                                                        215


Death of the Flowers                                                 257

Dictionary of Flowers                                                259

Calendar of Flowers                                                  268

Dial of Flowers                                                      293




The Floral Offering.

MEZEREON.... _Coquetry--Desire to please._


This shrub, clothed in its showy garb, appears amidst the snow, like an
imprudent and coquettish female, who, though shivering with cold, wears
her spring attire in the depth of winter. The stalk of this shrub is
covered with a dry bark, which gives it the appearance of dead wood.
Nature, to hide this deformity, has encircled each of its sprays with a
wreath of red flowers, terminating in a tuft of leaves. These flowers
give out a peculiar and offensive smell.

  You oftentimes can mark upon the street
    The gilded toy whom fashion idolizes;
  Heartless and fickle, swelled with self-conceit,
    Avoiding alway what good sense advises.
Who flutters like the butterfly while burns his sun,
Nor afterwards is missed when life is done.

_W. H. C._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Clouds turn with every wind about;
    They keep us in suspense and doubt;
    Yet oft perverse, like woman-kind,
    Are seen to scud against the wind.
    Is not this lady just the same?
    For who can tell what is her aim?

    _Swift._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thou delightest the cold world’s gaze,
      When crowned with the flower and the gem,
    But thy lover’s smile should be dearer praise
      Than the incense thou prizest from them.
    And gay is the playful tone,
      As to the flattering voice thou respondest;
    But what is the praise of the cold and unknown
      To the tender blame of the fondest?

    _John Everett._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Know, Celia, (since thou art so proud,)
      ’Twas I that gave thee thy renown:
    Thou hadst, in the forgotten crowd
      Of common beauties, lived unknown,
    Had not my verse exhaled thy name,
    And with it impt the wings of Fame.
    That killing power is none of thine,
      I gave it to thy voice and eyes:
    Thy sweets, thy graces, all are mine;
      Thou art my star, shin’st in my skies!
    Then dart not from thy borrowed sphere
    Lightning on him that fixed thee there.

    _Thomas Carew._




SNOWDROP. ... _Hope._


The Snowdrop is looked upon as the herald of the approach of
flower-wreathed Spring. The north winds howl; the naked branches of the
trees are white with frost; the earth is carpeted with the virgin snow;
the feathered musicians are silent; and stern Winter’s icy hand chills
the rivulet till it ceases to murmur. At this season, a tender flower
springs up amid the snow, expands its blossoms, and leads thought to the
verdant hours to come. This beautiful sign of awakening Nature may aptly
be considered as the emblem of Hope.

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Snowdrop, winter’s timid child,
      Awakes to life bedewed with tears,
    And flings around its fragrance mild;
    And, where no rival flowerets bloom,
    Amidst the bare and chilling gloom
      A beauteous gem appears.
    All weak and wan, with head inclined,
      Its parent breast the drifted snow,
    It trembles, while the ruthless wind
    Bends its slim form; the tempest lowers,
    Its emerald eye drops crystal showers
      On its cold bed below.
    Where’er I find thee, gentle flower,
      Thou still art sweet and dear to me;
    For I have known the cheerless hour,
    Have seen the sunbeams cold and pale,
    Have felt the chilling wintry gale,
      And wept and shrunk, like thee!

    _Mary Robinson._

       *       *       *       *       *

    No one is so accursed by fate,
    No one so utterly desolate,
      But some heart, though unknown,
      Responds unto his own;
    Responds, as if with unseen wings
    An angel touched its quivering strings,
      And whispers in its song,
      “Where hast thou stayed so long?”

    _Longfellow._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The star of Hope will beam in Sorrow’s night,
    And smile the phantoms of Despair to flight.

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    “Why do you call the Snowdrop pale,
      Our first of flowerets bright?
    For the Christmas Rose came long before,
      So did the Aconite.”
    I know the yellow Aconite;
      I know the Christmas Rose:
    But neither one nor other e’er
      Within my garden grows.
    They seem to me presumptuous things,
      That rudely hurry on,
    And struggle for the precedence
      A fairer flower hath won.
    When I was but a wee, wee thing,
      A young Snowdrop I nursed,
    And I loved it when they told me how
      It always blossomed first.
    I marked its tiny, trembling stem,
      And dainty little bell,
    And, oh! so tenderly enjoyed
      Its faint, delicious smell.
    It was not only fair and sweet,
      ’Twas the first flower that came;
    So said they then, and there is none
      I could love now the same.
    The Aconite may deck with gold
      Its merry little face--
    The Christmas Rose at Christmas bloom,
      But none can fill _her_ place.
    Within my garden’s small domain
      The Snowdrop still shall find
    Herself the earliest flower. She leads,
      The others come behind.
    And, lo! above the heaving mould
      The clustering bells hang here;
    Like foam upon the storm-black wave,
      Or pearls in Ethiop’s ear.
    And I know where they’re crowding thick,
      With none their wealth to note;--
    All o’er that woody isle, that lies
      Girt by the ancient moat.
    There, under tall, dark crested firs,
      The Snowdrops spring each year;
    And shed about that gloomy place
      A lightness pale and clear.
    A grand old Manor House once stood
      On that dim moated isle;
    But long years since have floated by,
      And its story died the while.
    Yet roses, cultured ones, run wild,
      And fruits, grown rough and sour,
    That linger still around, tell tales
      Of garden and of bower.
    And so the Snowdrops may have dwelt
      In borders neat and trim,
    And gentle beings tended them,
      Though now all’s drear and dim.
    The brave and beautiful have died,
      Not e’en a name is known:--
    Time hath laid low the stately house,--
      Ye cannot find a stone.
    But still there runneth brightly there
      The little sedgy stream
    Into the moat, that lieth still
      And shadowy as a dream.
    And still there groweth plenteously
      The fragile Snowdrop’s bell:--
    Oh, human pride! that thou wouldst list
      The tale these small things tell!

    _Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    As Hope, with bowed head, silent stood,
      And on her golden anchor leant,
    Watching below the angry flood,
      While Winter, mid the dreariment
    Half-buried in the drifted snow,
      Lay sleeping on the frozen ground,
    Not heeding how the wind did blow,
      Bitter and bleak on all around:
    She gazed on Spring, who at her feet
    Was looking on the snow and sleet.
    Spring sighed, and through the driving gale
      Her warm breath caught the falling snow,
    And from the flakes a flower as pale
      Did into spotless whiteness blow.
    Hope, smiling, saw the blossom fall,
      And watched its root strike in the earth:
    “I will that flower the Snowdrop call,”
      Said Hope, “in memory of its birth:
    And through all ages it shall be
    In reverence held, for love of me.”
    “And ever from my hidden bowers,”
      Said Spring, “it first of all shall go,
    And be the herald of the flowers,
      To warn away the sheeted snow.
    Its mission done, then by thy side
      All summer long it shall remain.
    While other flowers I scatter wide,
      O’er every hill, and wood, and plain,
    This shall return, and ever be
    A sweet companion, Hope, for thee.”
    Hope stooped and kissed her sister Spring,
      And said, “For hours, when thou art gone,
    I’m left alone without a thing
      That I can fix my heart upon:
    ’Twill cheer me many a lonely hour,
      And in the future I shall see
    Those who would sink raised by that flower;
      They’ll look on it, then think of thee:
    And many a sadful heart shall sing,
    The Snowdrop bringeth Hope and Spring.”

    _Miller._




PRIMROSE. ... _Early Grief._


The Primrose is one of the earliest flowers of spring. It was anciently
called Paralisos, the name of a beautiful youth, who died of grief for
the loss of his betrothed Melicerta, and was metamorphosed by his
parents into this flower, which has since been a favourite of the poets.

       *       *       *       *       *

                        With fairest flowers,
    Whilst summer last, and I live here, Fidele,
    I’ll sweeten thy sad grave: thou shalt not lack
    The flower that’s like thy face, pale Primrose.

    _Cymbeline._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Primrose pale is Nature’s meek and modest child.

    _Balfour._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Nay, weep not while thy sun shines bright,
      And cloudless is thy day,
    While past and present joys unite
      To cheer thee on thy way;
    While fond companions round thee move,
      To youth and nature true,
    And friends whose looks of anxious love
      Thy every step pursue.

    _Common-Place Book of Poetry._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Primrose, tenant of the glade,
    Emblem of virtue in the shade.

    _John Mayne._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ask me why I send you here
    This firstling of the infant year;
    Ask me why I send to you
    This Primrose all bepearled with dew:
    I straight will whisper in your ears,
    The sweets of love are washed with tears.
    Ask me why this flower doth show
    So yellow, green, and sickly too;
    Ask me why the stalk is weak
    And bending, yet it doth not break:
    I must tell you these discover
    What doubts and fears are in a lover.

    _Thomas Carew._

       *       *       *       *       *

    By the soft green light in the woody glade,
    On the banks of moss where thy childhood played,
    By the household tree through which thine eye
    First looked in love to the summer sky;
    By the dewy gleam, by the very breath
    Of the Primrose-tufts in the grass beneath,
    Upon thy heart there is laid a spell,
    Holy and precious--oh, guard it well!
    Yes! when thy heart in its pride would stray
    From the first pure loves of its youth away;
    When the sullying breath of the world would come
    O’er the flowers it brought from its native home;
    Think thou again of the woody glade,
    Of the sound by the rustling ivy made;
    Think of the tree at thy father’s door,
    And the kindly spell shall have power once more.

    _Mrs. Hemans._




ALMOND BLOSSOM. ... _Indiscretion._


The Almond tree is the first of the trees to put forth its blossoms,
when spring breathes the breath of life through nature. It has been made
the emblem of indiscretion, from flowering so early that frosts too
often give a death-chill to the precocious germs of its fruit. In
ancient times, the abundance of blossoms upon the Almond tree was
considered to promise a fruitful season. The following is the fabulous
account of the origin of this tree:--Demophoon, son of Theseus and
Phædra, in returning from the siege of Troy, was thrown by a storm on
the shores of Thrace, where then reigned the beautiful Phyllis. The
young queen graciously received the prince, fell in love with him, and
became his wife. When recalled to Athens by his father’s death,
Demophoon promised to return in a month, and fixed the day. The loving
Phyllis counted the hours of his absence, and, at last, the appointed
day arrived. Nine times she repaired to the shore; but, losing all hope
of his return, she died of grief, and was converted into an Almond tree.
Soon afterwards, Demophoon returned. Overwhelmed with sorrow, he offered
a sacrifice at the sea-side, to appease the manes of his bride. The
Almond tree instantly put forth its blossoms, and seemed to sympathize
with his repentance.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh! had I nursed when I was young
    The lessons of my father’s tongue,
    (The deep laborious thoughts he drew
    From all he saw, and others knew,)
    I might have been,--ah, me!
    Thrice sager than I e’er shall be.
              For what says Time?
    Alas! he only shows the truth
    Of all that I was told in youth.

    _Barry Cornwall._




CROCUS. ... _Youth._


The Crocus is one of the earliest of the spring flowers, and, therefore,
a fit emblem of the spring of life. It is a small flower, of variegated
hues; the principal being purple, yellow, and white. The _Crocus
Vernus_, or Spring Crocus, is a wild flower now in various parts of
England, though not considered to be really a native of the country. We
learn from the favourite writers, Mr. and Mrs. Howitt, that they are
plentiful about Nottingham, “gleaming at a distance like a perfect flood
of lilac, and tempting very many little hearts, and many graver ones
too, to go out and gather.”

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh! many a glorious flower there grows
      In far and richer lands;
    But high in my affection e’er
      The beautiful Crocus stands.
    I love their faces, when by one
      And two they’re looking out;
    I love them when the spreading field
      Is purple all about.
    I loved them in the by-gone years
      Of childhood’s thoughtless laughter,
    When I marvelled why the flowers came first,
      And the leaves the season after.
    I loved them then, I love them now--
      The gentle and the bright;
    I love them for the thoughts they bring
      Of spring’s returning light;
    When, first-born of the waking earth,
      Their kindred gay appear,
    And, with the Snowdrop, usher in
      The hope-invested year.

    _Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

                You’re glad
    Because your little tiny nose,
      Turns up so pert and funny;
    Because I know you choose your beaux
      More for their mirth than money;
    Because your eyes are deep and blue,--
      Your fingers long and rosy;
    Because a little maid like you
      Would make one’s home so cozy;
    Because, I think, (I’m just so weak,)
      That some of these fine morrows
    You’ll listen while you hear me speak
      _My_ story, and _my_ sorrows!

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Gay hope is theirs, by fancy fed,
    Less pleasing when possest;
    The tear forgot as soon as shed,
    The sunshine of the breast;
    Theirs buxom health, of rosy hue;
    Wild wit, invention ever new,
    And lively cheer of vigour born;
    The thoughtless day, the easy night,
    The spirits pure, the slumbers light,
    That fly the approach of morn.
    Alas, regardless of their doom,
    The little victims play!
    No sense have they of ills to come,
    No care beyond to-day.
    Yet see how all around them wait,
    The ministers of human fate,
    And black misfortune’s baleful train,
    Ah! show them where in ambush stand,
    To seize their prey, the murderous band!
    Ah, tell them they are men!

    _Gray’s Eton College._


                    Life went a Maying
    With Nature, Hope, and Poesy,
                    When I was young!

    _Coleridge._




ICE-PLANT.... _Frigidity._


    Canst thou no kindly ray impart,
      Thou strangely beauteous one?
    Fairer than fairest work of art,
      Yet cold as sculptured stone!
    Thou art in Friendship’s bright domain
      A flower that yields no fruit;
    And Love declares thy beauty vain;--
      Of fragrance destitute!

    _O. S. M. Ordway._

    With pellucid studs the Ice-Flower gems
    His rimy foliage, and his candied stems.

    _Darwin._

    As water fluid is, till it do grow
      Solid and fixed by cold,
    So in warm seasons love doth loosely flow;
      Frost only can it hold;
        Your coldness and disdain
        Does the sweet course restrain.

    _Cowley._




CACTUS.... _Ardent Love._


The flower of the Cactus is chosen to signify ardent love, because of
the glowing hues of the flower itself, and the heat of the climate in
which the plant grows to the greatest size. The gorgeousness of the
flower of the Cactus needs no eulogy. No fitter emblem could have been
selected to represent the passion of love in its full flame.

    I think of thee, when soft and wide
      The evening spreads her robes of light,
    And, like a young and timid bride,
      Sits blushing in the arms of night:
    And when the moon’s sweet crescent springs
      In light o’er heaven’s deep waveless sea,
    And stars are forth like blessed things,
      I think of thee--I think of thee.

    _G. W. Prentice._

    Thou’rt like a star; for when my way was cheerless and forlorn,
    And all was blackness like the sky before a coming storm,
    Thy beaming smile and words of love, thy heart of kindness free,
    Illumed my path, then cheered my soul, and bade its sorrows flee.
    Thou’rt like a star--when sad and lone I wander forth to view
    The lamps of night, beneath their rays my spirit’s nerved anew,
    And thus I love to gaze on thee, and then I think thou’st power
    To mix the cup of joy for me, even in life’s darkest hour.
    Thou’rt like a star--whene’er my eye is upward turned to gaze
    Upon those orbs, I mark with awe their clear celestial blaze;
    And then thou seem’st so pure, so high, so beautifully bright,
    I almost feel as if it were an angel met my sight.

    _American Ladies’ Magazine._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Could genius sink in dull decay,
    And wisdom cease to lend her ray;
    Should all that I have worshipped change,
    Even this could not my heart estrange;
    Thou still wouldst be the first, the first
    That taught the love sad tears have nursed.

    _Mrs. Embury._

       *       *       *       *       *

                                The sick soul
    That burns with love’s delusions, ever dreams,
    Dreading its losses. It for ever makes
    A gloomy shadow gather in the skies,
    And clouds the day; and looking far beyond
    The glory in its gaze, it sadly sees
    Countless privations, and far-coming storms,
    Shrinking from what it conjures.

    _Simms’s Poems._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The rolling wheel, that runneth often round,
    The hardest steel in tract of time doth tear;
    And drizzling drops, that often do redound,
    Firmest flint doth in continuance wear:
    Yet cannot I, with many a dropping tear,
    And long entreaty, soften her hard heart,
    That she will once vouchsafe my plaint to hear,
    Or look with pity on my painful smart:
    But when I plead, she bids me play my part;
    And when I weep, she says tears are but water;
    And when I sigh, she says I know the art;
    And when I wail, she turns herself to laughter;
    So do I weep and wail, and plead in vain,
    While she as steel and flint doth still remain.

    _Spenser._




ALOE.... _Grief_.


The Aloe is attached to the soil by very feeble roots; it delights to
grow in the wilderness, and its taste is extremely bitter. Thus grief
separates us from earthly things, and fills the heart with bitterness.
These magnificent and monstrous plants are found in barbarous Africa:
they grow upon rocks, in dry sand under a burning atmosphere. Some have
leaves six feet long, and armed with long spires. From the centre of
these leaves shoots up a slender stem covered with flowers.

    Sister Sorrow! sit beside me,
    Or, if I must wander, guide me:
    Let me take thy hand in mine,
    Cold alike are mine and thine.
    Think not, Sorrow, that I hate thee,--
    Think not I am frightened at thee,--
    Thou art come for some good end;
    I will treat thee as a friend.

    _R. M. Milnes._

       *       *       *       *       *

    And this is all I have left now,
      Silence and solitude and tears;
    The memory of a broken vow,
      My blighted hopes, my wasted years!

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    It may be that I shall forget my grief;
      It may be time has good in store for me;
    It may be that my heart will find relief
      From sources now unknown. Futurity
    May bear within its folds some hidden spring
      From which will issue blessed streams; and yet
    Whate’er of joy the coming year may bring,
      The past--the past--I never can forget.

    _Mrs. Hale._

       *       *       *       *       *

                    Of comfort no man speak:
    Let’s talk of graves, of worms, of epitaphs:
    Make dust our paper, and with rainy eyes
    Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth.
    Let’s choose executors, and talk of wills;
    And yet not so--for what can we bequeath,
    Save our deposed bodies in the ground?

    _Shakspeare._




WORMWOOD. ... _Absence._


Wormwood is the bitterest of plants; and absence, according to La
Fontaine, is the worst of evils. Those in whose anxious breasts the
“flame divine” is burning, will agree with the French author in his
assertion. To be absent from one we love is to carry a vacant chamber in
the heart, which naught else can fill.

    When thou shalt yield to memory’s power,
    And let her fondly lead thee o’er
    The scenes that thou hast past before,
    To absent friends and days gone by,--
    Then should these meet thy pensive eye,
    A true memento may they be
    Of one whose bosom owes to thee
    So many hours enjoyed in gladness,
    That else perhaps had passed in sadness,
    And many a golden dream of joy,
    Untarnished and without alloy.
    Oh, still my fervent prayer will be,
    “Heaven’s choicest blessings rest on thee.”

    _Miss Gould._

       *       *       *       *       *

    How can the glintin sun shine bright?
    How can the wimplin burnie glide?
    Or flowers adorn the ingle side?
          Or birdies deign
    The woods, and streams, and vales to chide?
          Eliza’s gane!

    _J. W. H._

       *       *       *       *       *

    If she be gone, the world, in my esteem,
    Is all bare walls; nothing remains in it
    But dust and feathers.

    _John Crown._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thus absence dies, and dying proves
    No absence can subsist with loves
      That do partake of fair perfection;
    Since, in the darkest night, they may,
    By love’s quick motion, find a way
      To see each other in reflection.

    _Suckling._




VIOLET.... _Modest Worth_.


The Violet has always been a favourite theme of admiration among
visitors of Parnassus. Its quiet beauty and love of retired spots have
ever made it the emblem of true worth that shrinks from parade. It is
one of the first children of spring, and awakens pleasing emotions in
the breast of the lover of the beautiful, as he strolls through the
meadows in the season of joy. Ion, the Greek name of this flower, is
traced by some etymologists to Ia, the daughter of Midas, who was
betrothed to Atys, and changed by Diana into a Violet, to hide her from
Apollo.

       *       *       *       *       *

    A woman’s love, deep in the heart,
      Is like the Violet flower,
    That lifts its modest head apart
      In some sequestered bower.

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The maid whose manners are retired,
    Who, patient, waits to be admired,
    Though overlooked, perhaps, a while
    Her modest worth, her modest smile,--
    Oh, she will find, or soon, or late,
    A noble, fond, and faithful mate,
    Who, when the spring of life is gone,
    And all its blooming flowers are flown,
    Will bless old Time, who left behind
    The graces of a virtuous mind.

    _Paulding._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Pansies, Lilies, Kingcups, Daisies,
    Let them live upon their praises;
    Long as there’s a sun that sets,
      Primroses will have their glory;
    Long as there are Violets,
      They will have a place in story:
    There’s a flower that shall be mine,
    ’Tis the little Celandine.
    Eyes of some men travel far
    For the finding of a star;
    Up and down the heavens they go,
      Men that keep a mighty rout!
    I’m as great as they, I trow,
      Since the day I found thee out,
    Little flower!--I’ll make a stir,
    Like a great astronomer.
    Modest, yet withal an elf,
    Bold, and lavish of thyself,
    Since we needs must first have met
      I have seen thee, high and low,
    Thirty years or more, and yet
      ’Twas a face I did not know:
    Thou hast now, go where I may,
    Fifty greetings in a day.
    Ere a leaf is on the bush,
    In the time before the thrush
    Has a thought about its nest,
      Thou wilt come with half a call,
    Spreading out thy glossy breast
      Like a careless prodigal;
    Telling tales about the sun,
    When there’s little warmth or none.

    _Wordsworth._

       *       *       *       *       *

Shakspeare regarded the Violet as the emblem of constancy, as the
following occurs in one of his sonnets:--

    Violet is for faithfulness,
      Which in me shall abide;
    Hoping, likewise, that from your heart
      You will not let it slide.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Violet in her greenwood bower,
      Where birchen boughs with hazles mingle,
    May boast herself the fairest flower,
      In glen, or copse, or forest dingle.

    _Scott._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Under the hedge all safe and warm,
    Sheltered from boisterous wind and storm,
      We Violets lie:
      With each small eye
    Closely shut while the cold goes by.
    You look at the bank, mid the biting frost,
    And you sigh, and say that we’re dead and lost;
      But, Lady stay
      For a sunny day,
    And you’ll find us again, alive and gay.
    On mossy banks, under forest trees,
    You’ll find us crowding, in days like these;
      Purple and blue,
      And white ones too,
    Peep at the sun, and wait for you.
    By maids and matrons, by old and young,
    By rich and poor, our praise is sung;
      And the blind man sighs
      When his sightless eyes
    He turns to the spot where our perfumes rise.
    There is not a garden, the country through,
    Where they plant not Violets, white and blue;
      By princely hall,
      And cottage small--
    For we’re sought, and cherished, and culled by all.
    Yet grand parterres and stiff trimmed beds
    But ill become our modest heads;
      We’d rather run,
      In shadow and sun,
    O’er the banks where our merry lives first begun.
    There, where the Birken bough’s silvery shine
    Gleams over the hawthorn and frail woodbine,
      Moss, deep and green,
      Lies thick, between
    The plots where we Violet-flowers are seen.
    And the small gay Celandine’s stars of gold
    Rise sparkling beside our purple’s fold:--
      Such a regal show
      Is rare, I trow,
    Save on the banks where Violets grow.

    _Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I know where bloom some Violets in a bed
      Half hidden in the grass; and crowds go by
      And see them not, unless some curious eye
    Unto their hiding-place by chance is led.
      I often pass that way, and look on them,
    And love them more and more. I know not why
    My heart doth love such humble things; but I
      Esteem them more than robe or diadem
    Of haughty kings. A babe, or bird, or flower
    Hath o’er the soul a most despotic power.
      The tearful eye of infancy oppressed--
    A flower down-trodden by the foot of spite--
      Awaken sighs of sorrow in the breast,
    Or nerve the arm to vindicate their right.

    _MacKellar._




LAVENDER.... _Distrust_.


It was anciently believed that the asp, a dangerous species of viper,
made Lavender its habitual place of abode, for which reason that plant
was approached with extreme caution. The Romans used it largely in their
baths, from whence its name is derived.

       *       *       *       *       *

                  Our doubts are traitors,
    And make us lose the good we oft might win,
    By fearing to attempt.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Who never doubted never half believed,
    Where doubt there truth is--’tis her shadow.

    _Bailey._

       *       *       *       *       *

    When first, with all a lover’s pride,
    I wooed and won thee for my bride,
    I little thought that thou couldst be
    Estranged as now thou art from me!

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thy confidence is held from me,
      In fear my love but shows,
    Like one, art thou, who fears the bee
      May sting thee, through the rose.

    _Anon._




PANSY.... _Think of me_.


The Pansy, or Heart’s-ease, is a beautiful variety of the Violet,
differing from it in the diversity of its colours. In fragrance it is
inferior to the Violet. Pansy is an old English corruption of the French
Pensée.

       *       *       *       *       *

    “And there are Pansies, that’s for thoughts.”

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    CHILDHOOD.

    Sister, arise, the sun shines bright,
      The bee is humming in the air,
    The stream is singing in the light,
      The May-buds never looked more fair;
    Blue is the sky, no rain to-day:
      Get up, it has been light for hours,
    And we have not begun to play,
      Nor have we gathered any flowers.
    Time, who looked on, each accent caught,
    And said, “He is too young for thought.”

    YOUTH.

    To-night, beside the garden-gate?
      Oh, what a while the night is coming!
    I never saw the sun so late,
      No heard the bee at this time humming!
    I thought the flowers an hour ago
      Had closed their bells and sunk to rest:
    How slowly flies that hooded crow!
      How light it is along the west!
    Said Time, “He yet hath to be taught
    That I oft move too quick for thought.”

    MANHOOD.

    What thoughts wouldst thou in me awaken?
      Not love? for that brings only tears--
    Nor friendship? no, I was forsaken!
      Pleasure I have not known for years:
    The future I would not foresee,
      I know too much from what is past,
    No happiness is there for me,
      And troubles ever come too fast.
    Said Time, “No comfort have I brought,
    The past to him’s one painful thought.”

    OLD AGE.

    Somehow the flowers seem different now,
      The Daisies dimmer than of old;
    There’s fewer blossoms on the bough,
      The Hawthorn buds look gray and cold;
    The Pansies wore another dye
      When I was young--when I was young!
    There’s not that blue about the sky
      Which every way in those days hung.
    There’s nothing now looks as it “ought.”
    Said Time, “The change is in thy thought.”

    _Miller._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I think of thee at morn, when glisten
      The tearful dew-drops on the grass;
    I think of thee at eve, and listen,
      When the low, whispering breezes pass.

    _E. R. H._

       *       *       *       *       *

    And thou, so rich in gentle names, appealing
      To hearts that own our nature’s common lot;
    Thou, styled by sportive Fancy’s better feeling
      A Thought, the Heart’s-Ease, and Forget-me-not.

    _Barton._




DAISY.... _Innocence_.


Shakspeare speaks of the Daisy as the flower

    Whose white investments figure innocence;

and succeeding poets have generally used it as the image of that pure
quality. Fable informs us that the Daisy owes its origin to Belides, one
of the Dryads, who were supposed to preside over meadows and pastures.
While dancing on the turf with Ephigeus, whose suit she encouraged, she
attracted the admiration of Vertumnus, the deity who presided over
orchards; and, to escape from him, she was transformed into the humble
flower, the Latin name of which is Bellis. The ancient English name of
the flower was Day’s Eye, of which Daisy is a corruption. In Ossian’s
poems, the Daisy is called the flower of the new-born--most expressive
of innocence.

       *       *       *       *       *

    When smitten by the morning ray,
    I see thee rise alert and gay,
    Then, cheerful flower! my spirits play
      With kindred gladness:
    And when, at dark, by dews opprest,
    Thou sink’st, the image of thy rest
    Hath often eased my pensive breast
      Of careful sadness.

    _Wordsworth._

       *       *       *       *       *

    She dwells amid the world’s dark ways,
      Pure as in childhood’s hours;
    And all her thoughts are poetry,
      And all her words are flowers.

    _Mrs. M. E. Hewitt._

       *       *       *       *       *

    ’Twas when the world was in its prime,
      When meadows green and woodlands wild
    Were strewn with flowers, in sweet spring-time,
      And everywhere the Daisies smiled.
    When undisturbed the ring-doves cooed,
      While lovers sang each other’s praises,
    As in embowered lanes they wooed,
      Or on some bank white o’er with Daisies:
    While Love went by with muffled feet,
    Singing, “The Daisies they are sweet.”
    Unfettered then he roamed abroad,
      And as he willed it past the hours--
    Now lingering idly by the road,
      Now loitering by the wayside flowers;
    For what cared he about the morrow?
      Too young to sigh, too old to fear--
    No time had he to think of sorrow,
      Who found the Daisies everywhere;
    Still sang he, through each green retreat,
    “The Daisies they are very sweet.”
    With many a maiden did he dally,
      Like a glad brook that turns away--
    Here in, there out, across the valley,
      With every pebble stops to play;
    Taking no note of space nor time,
      Through flowers, the banks adorning,
    Still rolling on, with silver chime,
      In star-clad night and golden morning.
    So went Love on, through cold and heat,
    Singing, “The Daisy’s ever sweet.”
    ’Twas then the flowers were haunted
      With fairy forms and lovely things,
    Whose beauty elder bards have chanted,
      And how they lived in crystal springs,
    And swang upon the honied bells;
      In meadows danced round dark green mazes,
    Strewed flowers around the holy wells,
      But never trampled on the Daisies.
    They spared the star that lit their feet,
    The Daisy was so very sweet.

    _Miller._

       *       *       *       *       *

    When soothed awhile by milder airs,
    Thee Winter in the garland wears
    That thinly shades his few gray hairs;
                Spring cannot shun thee;
    Whole summer fields are thine by right,
    And autumn, melancholy wight,
    Doth in thy crimson head delight,
                When rains are on thee.
    In shoals and bands, a morrice train,
    Thou greet’st the traveller in the lane;
    If welcomed once thou count’st it gain,
                Thou art not daunted;
    Nor car’st if thou be set at naught:
    And oft alone in nooks remote
    We meet thee, like a pleasant thought,
                When such are wanted.

    _Wordsworth._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I cannot gaze on aught that wears
      The beauty of the skies,
    Or aught that in life’s valley bears
      The hues of paradise;
    I cannot look upon a star,
    Or cloud that seems a seraph’s car,
    Or any form of purity--
    Unmingled with a dream of thee.

    _P. Benjamin._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Daisy scattered on each meade and downe,
    A golden tuft within a silver crown;
    Faire fell that dainty flower! and may there be
    No shepherd graced that doth not honour thee.

    _Browne._

       *       *       *       *       *

    There is a flower, a little flower
      With silver crest and golden eye,
    That welcomes every changing hour,
      And weathers every sky.

    _Montgomery._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Heaven may awhile correct the virtuous,
    Yet it will wipe their eyes again, and make
    Their faces whiter with their tears. Innocence
    Concealed is the stolen pleasure of the gods,
    Which never ends in shame, as that of men
    Doth oftentimes do; but like the sun breaks forth,
    When it hath gratified another world;
    And to our unexpecting eyes appears
    More glorious through its late obscurity.

    _John Fountain._




PERIWINKLE.... _Tender Recollections_.


In France, the Periwinkle has been adopted as the emblem of the
pleasures of memory and sincere friendship, probably in allusion to
Rousseau’s recollection of his friend, Madame de Warens, occasioned,
after a lapse of thirty years, by the sight of this flower, which they
together had admired. This plant is deeply rooted in the soil which it
adorns. It throws out its shoots on all sides to clasp the earth, and
covers it with flowers, which reflect the hue of heaven. Thus our first
affections, warm, pure, and artless, seem to be of heavenly origin.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Though the rock of my last hope is shivered,
      And its fragments are sunk in the wave,
    Though I feel that my soul is delivered
      To pain,--it shall not be its slave.
    There is many a pang to pursue me:
      They may crush, but they shall not contemn;
    They may torture, but shall not subdue me,--
      ’Tis of thee that I think, not of them.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    ’Tis sweet, and yet ’tis sad, that gentle power,
    Which throws in winter’s lap the spring-tide flower:
    I love to dream of days my childhood knew,
    When, with the sister of my heart, time flew
    On wings of innocence and hope! dear hours,
    When joy sprang up about our path, like flowers!

    _Mrs. A. M. Wells._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The lesser Periwinkle’s bloom,
    Like carpet of Damascus’ loom,
    Pranks with bright blue the tissue wove
    Of verdant foliage: and above
    With milk-white flowers, whence soon shall swell
    Red fruitage, to the taste and smell
    Pleasant alike, the Strawberry weaves
    Its coronets of three-fold leaves
    In mazes through the sloping wood.

    _Mant._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Where captivates the sky-blue Periwinkle
    Under the cottage eaves.

    _Hurdis._

       *       *       *       *       *

                      Remember thee?
    Yea, from the table of my memory
    I’ll wipe away all trivial fond records,
    All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past,
    That youth and observation copied there;
    And thy commandment all alone shall live
    Within the book and volume of my brain,
    Unmixed with baser matter.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

                  Oh! only those
    Whose souls have felt this one idolatry
    Can tell how precious is the slightest thing
    Affection gives and hallows! A dead flower
    Will long be kept, remembrancer of looks
    That made each leaf a treasure.

    _Miss Landon._




SWEET-BRIER, OR EGLANTINE.... _Poetry_.


The Eglantine is the poet’s flower. In the floral games, it was the
prize for the best composition on the charms of study and eloquence.
Though its flowers are most beautiful in hue, their fragrance is their
more valuable quality. In like manner, the charms of poetry and
eloquence should be considered superior to those of appearance.

       *       *       *       *       *

    And well the poet, at her shrine,
      May bend and worship while he woos;
    To him she is a thing divine,
    The inspiration of his line,
      His loved one, and his muse.
    If to his song the echo rings
      Of fame--’tis woman’s voice he hears;
    If ever from his lyre’s proud strings
    Flow sounds, like rush of angel wings,
    ’Tis that she listens, while he sings,
      With blended smiles and tears.

    _Halleck._

       *       *       *       *       *

          Give me the poet’s lyre!
    And as the seraph in his orbit sings,
    Oh, may I strike the heaven-attuned strings,
          With a seraphic fire!
    With music fill the mighty dome of mind,
    And the rapt souls of men in music brightly bind!

    _J. W. H._

       *       *       *       *       *

                  Trace the young poet’s fate;
    Fresh from his solitude, the child of dreams,
    His heart upon his lips he seeks the world,
    To find him fame and fortune, as if life
    Were like a fairy tale. His song has led
    The way before him; flatteries fill his ear,
    His presence courted, and his words are caught;
    And he seems happy in so many friends.
    What marvel if he somewhat overrate
    His talents and his state? These scenes soon change.
    The vain, who sought to mix their name with his;
    The curious, who but live for some new sight;
    The idle--all these have been gratified,
    And now neglect stings even more than scorn.

    _Miss Landon._




LILAC.... _First Emotions of Love_.


The freshness of the verdure of the Lilac; the flexibility of its
branches; the profusion of its flowers; their transitory beauty and
their soft hues,--all remind us of those emotions which embellish
beauty, and throw such a light around our youthful hours. It is said
that Van Spaendonc himself threw down his pencil on viewing a group of
Lilacs. Nature seems to have delighted in creating its delicate
clusters, which astonish by their beauty and variety. The fragrance of
the flowers is even more gratifying than their beauty.

       *       *       *       *       *

                        She had grown,
    In her unstained seclusion, bright and pure
    As a first opening Lilac, when it spreads
    Its clear leaves to the sweetest dawn of May.

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

    When first thou earnest, gentle, shy, and fond,
      My purest, first-born love, and dearest treasure,
    My heart received thee with a joy beyond
      All that it yet had felt of earthly pleasure;
    Nor thought that any love again might be
    So deep and strong, as that I felt for thee.

    _Mrs. Norton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I love thee,--and I live! The moon,
      Who sees me from her calm above,
    The wind, who weaves her dim, soft tune
      About me, know how much I love!
    Naught else, save night, and the lonely hour,
      E’er heard my passion wild and strong;
    Even _thou_ yet deem’st not of thy power,
    Unless thou read’st aright my song!

    _Barry Cornwall._

       *       *       *       *       *

    She loves--but knows not whom she loves,
      Nor what his race, nor whence he came;--
    Like one who meets, in Indian groves,
      Some beauteous bird without a name,
    Brought by the last ambrosial breeze,
    From isles in the undiscovered seas,
    To show his plumage for a day
    To wondering eyes, and wing away!

    _Moore._




TULIP.... _Declaration of Love_.


The Tulip is an extraordinary favourite in many parts of Europe and
Asia; and, in Holland and Turkey, the most extravagant prices are paid
for fine specimens. On account of the elegance of its form, the beauty
of its colours, and its want of fragrance and other useful qualities,
this flower has been considered as an appropriate symbol of a female who
possesses no recommendation but a beautiful appearance. In the East, the
Tulip is employed as the emblem by which a lover makes known his passion
to his mistress; as the Tulip expresses the idea that he has a face all
fire and a heart all coal.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Not one of Flora’s brilliant race
      A form more perfect can display:
    Art could not feign more simple grace,
      Nor Nature take a line away.
    Yet, rich as morn, of many a hue,
      When flushing clouds through darkness strike,
    The Tulip’s petals shine in dew,
      All beautiful, but none alike.

    _Montgomery._

       *       *       *       *       *

    My heart is sad and lonely,
      With weariness I pine;
    Would thou wert here, mine only,--
      Would I were wholly thine!

    _H. J. H._

[Illustration: DAISY WALL FLOWER AND TULIP.


    _Your innocence and fidelity in misfortune
    Have caused me to declare my love for you_
]

       *       *       *       *       *

    If spirits, pure as those who kneel
      Around the throne of light above,
    The power of beauty’s spell could feel,
      And lose a heaven for woman’s love,--
    What marvel that a heart like mine
      Enraptured by thy charms should be!
    Forget to bend at glory’s shrine,
      And lose itself--ay, heaven--for thee!

    _Memorial._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Fain would I speak the thoughts I bear to thee,
    But they do choke and flutter in my throat,
    And make me like a child.

    _Joanna Baillie._




CYPRESS.... _Mourning_.


The ancients consecrated the Cypress to the Fates, the Furies and Pluto.
They placed it near tombs. The people of the East retain the same custom
in the decoration of their cemeteries. The Turks plant the Cypress at
the head and at the foot of the graves. According to Ovid, the Cypress
derived its name from Cyparissos, an especial friend of Apollo’s, who,
in grief at having inadvertently killed a favourite stag of his, prayed
the gods that his mourning might be made perpetual, and was changed into
a Cypress tree, the branches of which were thenceforward used at
funerals.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Lady dear! this history
      Is thy fated lot,
    Ever such thy watching
      For what cometh not,
    Till with anxious waiting dull,
    Round thee fades the beautiful;
    Still thou seekest on, though weary,
      Seeking still in vain.

    _Miss Landon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thou art lost to me for ever,--I have lost thee, Isadore,
    Thy head will never rest upon my loyal bosom more.
    Thy tender eyes will never more gaze fondly into mine,
    Nor thine arms around me lovingly and trustingly entwine.
    Thou art dead and gone, loving wife,--thy heart is still and cold,--
    And I at one stride have become most comfortless and old;
    Of our whole world of love and song, thou wast the only light,
    A star, whose setting left behind, ah! me, how dark a night!
            Thou art lost to me, for ever, Isadore.

    _Albert Pike._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Cypress is the emblem of mourning.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Alas, for earthly joy, and hope, and love,
      Thus stricken down, e’en in their holiest hour!
    What deep, heart-wringing anguish must they prove,
      Who live to weep the blasted tree or flower!
    Oh, wo, deep wo to earthly love’s fond trust,
    When all it once has worshipped lies in dust!

    _Mrs. Embury._




WALL-FLOWER.... _Fidelity in Adversity_.


This flower derives its name from the circumstance of its growing upon
old walls, the casements and battlements of ancient castles, and among
the ruins of abbeys. The troubadors were accustomed to wearing a bouquet
of Wall-flowers, as the emblem of an affection which is proof against
time and the frowns of fortune.

       *       *       *       *       *

      _Adah._--Alas! thou sinnest now, my Cain; thy words
    Sound impious in mine ears.

      _Cain._--Then leave me!

      _Adah._--Never,
    Though thy God left thee!

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    An emblem true thou art
      Of love’s enduring lustre given
    To cheer a lonely heart.

    _Barton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Flower of the solitary place!
      Gray Ruin’s golden crown,
    That lendest melancholy grace
      To haunts of old renown;
    Thou mantlest o’er the battlements
      By strife or storm decayed;
    And fillest up each envious rent
      Time’s canker-tooth hath made.

    _Moir._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Though human, thou didst not deceive me;
      Though woman, thou didst not forsake;
    Though loved, thou forborest to grieve me;
      Though slandered, thou never couldst shake;
    Though trusted, thou didst not disclaim me;
      Though parted, it was not to fly;
    Though watchful, ’twas not to defame me;
      Nor, mute, that the world might belie.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Yes, love! my breast, at sorrow’s call,
      Shall tremble like thine own;
    If from those eyes the tear-drops fall,
      They shall not fall alone.
    Our souls, like heaven’s aerial bow,
    Blend every light within their glow,
      Of joy or sorrow known;
    And grief, divided with thy heart,
    Were sweeter far than joy apart.

    _Anon._




HAWTHORN.... _Hope_.


Various significations have been given to the Hawthorn. Among the Turks,
a branch of it expresses the wish of a lover to receive a kiss from the
object of his affection. Among the ancient Greeks, the Hawthorn was a
symbol of conjugal union; its blossomed boughs were carried about at
their wedding festivities, and the newly-married couple were even
lighted to their bridal chamber with torches made of its wood. In
England, the Hawthorn is used in the sports of May-days, and is,
therefore, frequently called May. There is a proverb among the rural
inhabitants of that country, that a “store of haws portend cold
winters.” Though the Hawthorn is quoted as the emblem of Hope, it must
be considered more particularly as the lover’s hope.

       *       *       *       *       *

    HOW MAY WAS FIRST MADE.

    As Spring upon a silver cloud
      Lay looking on the world below,
    Watching the breezes as they bowed
      The buds and blossoms to and fro,
    She saw the fields with Hawthorns walled:
      Said Spring, “New buds I will create.”
    She to a Flower-Spirit called,
      Who on the month of May did wait,
    And bade her fetch a Hawthorn-spray,
    That she might make the buds of May.
    Said Spring, “The grass looks green and bright,
      The Hawthorn-hedges too are green,
    I’ll sprinkle them with flowers of light,
      Such stars as earth has never seen;
    And all through England’s girded vales,
      Her steep hill-sides and haunted streams,
    Where woodlands dip into the dales,
      Where’er the Hawthorn stands and dreams,
    Where thick-leaved trees make dark the day,
    I’ll light each nook with flowers of May.
    Like pearly dew-drops, white and round,
      The shut-up buds shall first appear.
    And in them be such fragrance found,
      As breeze before did never bear;
    Such as in Eden only dwelt,
      When angels hovered round its bowers,
    And long-haired Eve at morning knelt
      In innocence amid the flowers:
    While the whole air was, every way,
    Filled with a perfume sweet as May.
    And oft shall groups of children come,
      Threading their way through shady places,
    From many a peaceful English home,
      The sunshine falling on their faces;
    Starting with merry voice the thrush,
      As through green lanes they wander singing,
    To gather the sweet Hawthorn bush;
      Which, homeward in the evening bringing
    With smiling faces, they shall say,
    ‘There’s nothing half so sweet as May.’
    And many a poet yet unborn
      Shall link its name with some sweet lay,
    And lovers oft at early morn
      Shall gather blossoms of the May;
    With eyes bright as the silver dews,
      Which on the rounded May-buds sleep,
    And lips, whose parted smiles diffuse
      A sunshine o’er the watch they keep,
    Shall open all their white array
    Of pearls, ranged like the buds of May.”
    Spring shook the cloud on which she lay,
    And silvered o’er the Hawthorn spray,
    Then showered down the buds of May.

    _Miller._

       *       *       *       *       *

    With hope all pleases, nothing comes amiss.

    _Rogers._

       *       *       *       *       *

    And Hawthorn’s early blooms appear,
    Like youthful hope upon life’s year.

    _Drayton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Gay was the love of paradise he drew
    And pictured in his fancy; he did dwell
    Upon it till it had a life; he threw
    A tint of heaven athwart it--who can tell
    The yearnings of his heart, the charm, the spell,
    That bound him to that vision?

    _Percival._




LOVE-LIES-BLEEDING.... _Deserted Love_.


This beautiful emblem of love, wounded and bereaved by fate, is a
species of Amaranthus. The flower is of a reddish-purple hue, which
circumstance suggests its name.

       *       *       *       *       *

    A single rose is shedding
      Its lovely lustre meek and pale:
    It looks as planted by despair--
      So white, so faint--the slightest gale
    Might whirl the leaves on high.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    And on with many a step of pain,
      Our weary race is sadly run;
    And still, as on we plod our way,
      We find, as life’s gay dreams depart,
    To close our being’s troubled day,
      Naught left us but a broken heart.

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Nor would I change my buried love
    For any heart of living mould,
    No--for I am a hero’s child--
    I’ll hunt my quarry in the wild;
    And still my home this mansion make,
    Of all unheeded and unheeding,
    And cherish, for my warrior’s sake,
    The flower of Love-lies-bleeding.

    _Campbell._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Upon her face there was the tint of grief,
    The settled shadow of an inward strife,
    And an unquiet drooping of the eye,
    As if its lid were charged with unshed tears.

    _Byron._




MYRTLE.... _Love_.


The Myrtle has ever been consecrated to Venus. At Rome, the temple of
the goddess was surrounded by a grove of Myrtles; and in Greece, she was
adorned under the name of Myrtilla. It was observed by the ancients,
that, wherever the Myrtle grew, it excluded all other plants. So love,
wherever it is permitted to grow, excludes all other feelings. The
ladies of modern Rome retain a strong affection for this plant,
preferring its odour to that of the most fragrant essences.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Our love came as the early dew
      Comes unto drooping flowers;
    Dropping its first sweet freshness on
      Our life’s dull, lonely hours.

    _Mrs. R. S. Nichols._

       *       *       *       *       *

                Love is a celestial harmony
    Of likely hearts, composed of stars’ consent,
    Which join together in sweet sympathy,
    To work each other’s joy and true content,
    Which they have harboured since their first descent,
    Out of their heavenly bowers, where they did see
    And know each other here beloved to be.

    _Spenser._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I have done penance for contemning love;
    Whose high imperious thoughts have punished me
    With bitter fasts, with penitential groans,
    With nightly tears, and daily heart-sore sighs.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Myrtle on thy breast or brow
    Would lively hope and love avow.

    _J. H. Wiffen._

       *       *       *       *       *

                Comfort cannot soothe
    The heart whose life is centred in the thought
    Of happy loves, once known, and still in hope,
    Living with a consuming energy.

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

            As in the sweetest bud
    The eating canker dwells, so eating love
    Inhabits in the finest wits of all.

    _Shakspeare._




LILY OF THE VALLEY.... _Modesty_.


The beautiful Lily of the Valley is the fit emblem of the union of
beauty, simplicity, and love of retirement. It adds an indescribable
charm to the spots where it blooms. Its snowy hues and general delicacy
of appearance excite emotions of a kindred nature to those we experience
in the company of one whose heart is free from guile, and whose manners
are gentle and unpretending.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Lilacs then, and daffodillies,
    And the nice-leaved, lesser Lilies,
    Shading, like detected light,
    Their little green-tipt lamps of white.

    _Hunt._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I had found out a sweet green spot,
      Where a Lily was blooming fair;
    The din of the city disturbed it not,
    But the spirit that shades the quiet cot
      With its wings of love was there.
    I found that Lily’s bloom,
      When the day was dark and chill;
    It smiled like a star in a misty gloom,
    And it sent abroad a soft perfume,
      Which is floating around me still.

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Lily, in whose snow-white bells
    Simplicity delights and dwells.

    _Balfour._




HYACINTH.... _Constancy_.


The blue Hyacinth is mentioned by several English writers as the emblem
of constancy. There are many varieties found in Europe and America, but
the variety known in Scotland as the “Blue Bell” is the most common and
the most celebrated.

       *       *       *       *       *

    When daisies blush, and wind-flowers wet with dew,
    When shady lanes with Hyacinth’s are blue,
    When the elm blossoms o’er the brooding bird,
    And, wild and wide, the plover’s wail is heard,
    Where melts the mist on mountains far away,
    Till morn is kindled into brightest day.

    _Elliott._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Then come the wild weather, come sleet, or come snow,
    We will stand by each other however it blow.
    Oppression and sickness, and sorrow, and pain,
    Shall be to our true love as links to the chain.

    _Longfellow._

       *       *       *       *       *

        She loves him yet!
    The flower the false one gave her
      When last he came,
    Is still with her wild tears wet.
        She’ll ne’er forget,
    Howe’er his faith may waver,
      Through grief and shame,
    Believe it,--she loves him yet!

    _Mrs. Osgood._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Over the moorland, over the lea,
    Dancing airily, there are we:
    Sometimes, mounted on stems aloft,
      We wave o’er broom and heather,
    To meet the kiss of the zephyr soft;
      Sometimes, close together,
    Tired of dancing, tired of peeping,
    Under the whin you’ll find us sleeping.
    Daintily bend we our honied bells,
    While the gossipping bee her story tells,
    And drowsily hums and murmurs on
    Of the wealth to her waxen storehouse gone;
    And though she gathers our sweets the while,
    We welcome her in with a nod and a smile.
    No rock is too high--no vale too low,
    For our fragile and tremulous forms to grow.
                Sometimes we crown
    The castle’s dizziest tower, and look
                Laughingly down
    On the pigmy men in the world below,
          Wearily wandering to and fro.
    Sometimes we dwell on the cragged crest
                Of mountain high,
    And the ruddy sun, from the blue sea’s breast,
                Climbing the sky,
    Looks from his couch of glory up,
    And lights the dew in the bluebell’s cup.
    We are crowning the mountain
                With azure bells,
          Or decking the fountains
                In forest dells,
    Or wreathing the ruin with clusters gray,
        And nodding and laughing the livelong day;
        Then chiming our lullaby, tired with play.
        Are we not beautiful? Oh! are not we
        The darlings of mountain and moorland and lea?
        Plunge in the forest--are we not fair?
        Go to the high-road--we’ll meet ye there.
        Oh! where is the flower that content may tell,
    Like the laughing and nodding and dancing bluebell.

    _Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Hyacinth’s for constancy,
    Wi’ its unchanging blue.

    _Burns._




ORCHIS.... _A Belle_.


The Butterfly Orchis is rather rare except where there is a chalky soil.
The Spider Orchis has gained its name from the great resemblance it
bears to one of those large, fat-bodied garden spiders, which are often
noticed for the singular beauty of the markings on their backs. Another
is so very like a fly, that it is named the Fly Orchis; another is like
a lizard, or some strange reptile, and the flowers being yellow, green,
and purple, and twisted in and about one another in a very odd way, it
really looks like some horrible group of queer living creatures. One,
from being fancied like a man, is called Man Orchis; another, very gayly
spotted, and ornamented with a helmet-like appendage, is the Military
Orchis; another is called Bee Orchis. Bishop Mant thus alludes to some
of these:

    Well boots it the thick-mantled leas
    To traverse: if boon nature grant,
    To crop the insect-seeming plant,
    The vegetable Bee; or nigh
    Of kin, the long-horned Butterfly,
    White, or his brother purple pale,
    Scenting alike the evening gale;
    The Satyr flower, the pride of Kent,
    Of Lizard form, and goat-like scent.

       *       *       *       *       *

    No wonder that cheek in its beauty transcendent,
      Excelleth the beauty of others by far;
    No wonder that eye is so richly resplendent,
      For your heart is a rose and your soul is a star.

    _Mrs. Osgood._

       *       *       *       *       *

    What right have you, madam, gazing in your shining mirror daily,
    Getting so by heart your beauty, which all others must adore;
    While you draw the golden ringlets down your fingers, to vow gayly,
    You will wed no man that’s only good to God,--and nothing more.

    _Miss Barrett._




BOX.... _Stoicism_.


The common Box, of which our hedge is formed, is indigenous in England,
preferring the chalky hills of Surrey and Kent for its residence, but
flourishing well on other soils. It is one of the most useful evergreen
shrubs we possess, and especially as it will grow under the drip and
shadow of other trees, as you know is the case with our hedge. It is
found in most European countries, from Britain southwards, also about
Mount Caucasus, Persia, China, Cochin China, and America. It was
formerly much more common in England than now, having disappeared under
the spread of agriculture. Box-hill, in Surrey, is named from this tree,
and is a conical elevation covered with a wood of Box-trees, some of
large size. Boxley in Kent, and Boxwell in Gloucestershire, are also
named from it. The leaf and general appearance of the tree are too
familiar to require any description. The scent of the spring blossoms is
rather powerful, and to some persons unpleasant. The timber is very
valuable, it is sold by weight, and, being very hard and smooth, and not
apt to warp, is well adapted for many nice and delicate purposes. In the
days of good old Evelyn, it appears to have been as much used as at
present, for he says, “It is good for the turner, engraver, carver,
mathematical instrument maker, comb and pipe, or flute-maker, and the
roots for the inlayer and cabinet-maker. Of box are made wheels,
sheaves, pins, pegs for musical instruments, nut-crackers,
button-moulds, weavers’ shuttles, hollar-sticks, bump-sticks, and
dressers for the shoemaker, rulers, rolling-pins, pestles, mall-balls,
beetles, tops, chessmen, tables, screws, bobbins for bone-lace, spoons,
knife-handles, but especially combs.” Most of those engravings in books,
called wood-cuts, are done upon Box wood, and for that purpose English
Box is superior to any other, though a great portion of what is used in
this country comes from the Levant. The ancients used combs made of
Box-wood, and also instruments to be played on with the mouth. The
Romans used to adorn their gardens with it, clipped into form, as we
find from mention being made of clipped Box-trees by their writers. It
was formerly much cut in this manner here, and was ranked next to the
Yew for its capabilities of taking artificial and grotesque forms; but
except a few ancient hedges of Box, like our own, and those at Castle
Bromwich Hall, where the Yew hedges are also preserved, there are not
many vestiges of its former garden-glory remaining. A dwarf kind is used
for making a neat and firm edging to flower borders, for which nothing
answers so well, or produces so proper an effect.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Though youth be past, and beauty fled,
      The constant heart its pledge redeems,
    Like Box, that guards the flowerless bed,
      And brighter from the contrast seems.

    _Mrs. Hale._




NARCISSUS AND DAFFODIL.... _Self-Love_.


There are several species of the Narcissus. The Yellow Narcissus is
better known as the Daffodil, and bears much resemblance to the Yellow
Lily. The Poetic Narcissus is the largest of the species, and may be
distinguished by the crimson border of the very shallow and almost flat
cup of the nectary. Shakspeare, in his Winter’s Tale, speaks of

                                Daffodils,
    That come before the swallow dares, and taste
    The winds of March with beauty.

The ancients attributed the origin of the Narcissus to the metamorphosis
of a beautiful youth of that name, who, having slighted the love of the
nymph Echo, became enamoured of his own image, which he beheld in a
fountain, and pined to death in consequence.

       *       *       *       *       *

    I wandered lonely, as a cloud
      That floats on high o’er vales and hills
    When all at once I saw a crowd,
      A host of golden Daffodils;
    Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
    Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
    Continuous as the stars that shine
      And twinkle on the milky way,
    They stretched in never-ending line
      Along the margin of the bay;
    Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
    Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

    The waves beside them danced, but they
      Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;
    A poet could not but be gay
      In such a joyful company:
    I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
    What wealth to me the show had brought.
    For oft when on my couch I lie,
      In vacant or in pensive mood,
    They flash upon that inward eye
      Which is the bliss of solitude.
    And then my heart with pleasure fills,
    And dances with the Daffodils.

    _Wordsworth._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Nature’s laws must be obeyed,
    And this is one she strictly laid
    On every soul which she has made,
      Down from our earliest mother:
    Be _self_ your first and greatest care,
    From all reproach the darling spare,
    And any blame that she should bear,
      Put off upon another.

    _Miss Gould._

       *       *       *       *       *

                        The pale Narcissus
    Still feeds upon itself; but, newly blown,
    The nymphs will pluck it from its tender stalk,
    And say, “Go, fool, and to thy image talk.”

    _Lord Thurlow._




LILY.... _Majesty_.


The Lily’s height and beauty speak command. The Jews imitated its form
in the decorations of their first magnificent temple; and Christ
described it as more splendid than King Solomon in his most gorgeous
apparel. According to ancient mythology, there was originally but one
species of Lily, and that was orange-coloured; and the white was
produced by the following circumstance:--Jupiter, wishing to render
Hercules immortal, prevailed on Juno to take a deep draught of nectar,
which threw the queen into a profound sleep. Jupiter then placed the
infant Hercules at her breast, so that the divine milk might ensure
immortality. Hercules drew the milk faster than he could swallow it, and
some drops fell to the earth, from which immediately sprang the White
Lily.

       *       *       *       *       *

      Flowers of the fairest,
      And gems of the rarest,
    I find and I gather in country or town;
      But one is still wanting,
      Oh! where is it haunting?
    The bud and the jewel must make up my crown.
      Thou pearl of the deep sea
      That flows in my heart free,
    Thou rock-planted Lily, come hither, or send;
      Mid flowers of the fairest,
      And gems of the rarest,
    I miss thee, I seek thee, my own parted friend!

    _M. J. Jewsbury._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ye well arrayed----
    Queen Lilies--and ye painted populace,
    Who dwell in fields, and lead ambrosial lives.

    _Young._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The wand-like Lily, which lifted up,
    As a Mœnad, its radiant-coloured cup,
    Till the fiery star, which is in its eye,
    Gazed through clear dew on the tender sky.

    _Shelley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Her glossy hair is clustered o’er a brow
      Bright with intelligence, and fair and smooth;
    Her eyebrow’s shape is like the aerial bow,
      Her cheek all purple with the beam of youth,
    Mounting at times to a transparent glow,
      As if her veins run lightning; she, in sooth,
    Has a proud air, and grace by no means common,
    Her stature tall,--I hate a dumpy woman.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh, he is all made up of love and charms,
    Whatever maid could wish or man admire;
    Delight of every eye! when he appears,
    A secret pleasure gladdens all that see him;
    And when he talks, the proudest men will blush
    To hear his virtues and his glory!

    _Addison._




MOSS ROSE.... _Confession of Love_.


The origin of this exquisitely beautiful variety of the Rose is thus
fancifully accounted for:--

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Angel of the Flowers one day,
    Beneath a Rose-tree sleeping lay,
    That spirit to whose charge is given
    To bathe young buds in dews from heaven.
    Awaking from his light repose,
    The angel whispered to the Rose,
    “O fondest object of my care,
    Still fairest found where all are fair,
    For the sweet shade thou hast given to me,
    Ask what thou wilt, ’tis granted thee.”
    Then said the Rose, with deepening glow,
    “On me another grace bestow.”
    The spirit paused in silent thought--
    What grace was there that flower had not?
    ’Twas but a moment--o’er the Rose
    A veil of moss the angel throws;
    And, robed in nature’s simplest weed,
    Could there a flower that Rose exceed?

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    They gather gems with sunbeams bright,
      From floating clouds and falling showers;
    They rob Aurora’s locks of light,
      To grace their own fair queen of flowers.
    Thus, thus adorned, the speaking rose
      Becomes a _token_ fit to tell
    Of things that words can ne’er disclose,
      And naught but this reveal so well.
    Then take my flower, and let its leaves
      Beside thy heart be cherished near,
    While that confiding heart receives
      The thought it whispers to thine ear.

    _Token, 1830._




WHITE WATER-LILY.... _Purity_.


The White Water-Lily is the Queen of the Waves, and reigns sole
sovereign over the streams; and it was a species of Water-Lily which the
old Egyptians and ancient Indians worshipped--the most beautiful object
that was held sacred in their superstitious creed, and one which we
cannot look upon even now without feeling a delight mingled with
reverence. No flower looks more lovely than this “Lady of the Lake,”
resting her crowned head on a green throne of velvet, and looking down
into the depths of her own sky-reflecting realms, watching the dance, as
her attendant water-nymphs keep time to the rocking of the ripples, and
the dreamy swaying of the trailing water streams.

    _Miller._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thine is a face to look upon and pray
    That a pure spirit keep thee--I would meet
    With one so gentle by the streams away,
    Living with nature; keeping thy pure feet
    For the unfingered moss, and for the grass
    Which leaneth where the gentle waters pass.
    The autumn leaves should sigh thee to thy sleep;
    And the capricious April, coming on,
    Awake thee like a flower; and stars should keep
    A vigil o’er thee like Endymion;
    And thou for very gentleness shouldst weep
    As dews of the night’s quietness come down.

    _Willis._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh, come to the river’s rim, come with us there,
    For the White Water-Lily is wondrous fair,
    With her large broad leaves on the stream afloat,
    Each one a capacious fairy-boat.
    The swan among flowers! How stately ride
    Her snow-white leaves on the glittering tide!
    And the Dragon-fly gallantly stays to sip
    A kiss of dew from her goblet’s lip.

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Lily on the water sleeping,
      Enwreathed with pearl, and bossed with gold,
        An emblem is, my love, of thee:
    But when she like a nymph is peeping,
      To watch her sister-buds unfold,
        White shouldered on the flowery lea,
      Gazing about in sweet amazement,
      Thy image, from the vine-clad casement,
        Seems looking out, my love, on me.

    _Miller._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Little streams have flowers a many,
    Beautiful and fair as any;
    Typha strong, and green bur reed,
    Willow herb with cotton seed,
    Arrow head with eye of jet,
    And the Water-Violet;
    There the flowering Rush you meet,
    And the plumy meadow sweet,
    And in places deep and stilly
    Marble-like, the Water-Lily.

    _Mrs. Howitt._




MARIGOLD.... _Grief_.


The Marigold is the conventional emblem of distress of mind. It is
distinguished by many singular properties. It blossoms the whole year,
and on that account, the Romans termed it the flower of the calends, or
of all the months. Its flowers are open only from nine in the morning
till three in the afternoon. They always follow the course of the sun,
by turning from east to west as he proceeds upon his daily journey. In
July and August these flowers emit, during the night, small luminous
sparks. Alone, the Marigold expresses grief; interwoven with other
flowers, the varied events of life; the cloud and sunshine of ill and
good.

       *       *       *       *       *

    And see the flaunting Marigold,
    Gay from its marshy bed unfold
    Mid minor lights its disks that shine
    Like suns for brightness.

    _Anon._


       *       *       *       *       *

    Open afresh your round of starry folds,
    Ye ardent Marigolds!
    Dry up the moisture of your golden lids.

    _Keats._

       *       *       *       *       *

    When, with a serious musing, I behold
    The grateful and obsequious Marigold,
    How duly, every morning, she displays
    Her open breast when Phœbus spreads his rays;
    How she observes him in his daily walk
    Still bending towards him her small slender stalk;
    How, when he down declines, she droops and mourns,
    Bedewed as ’twere with tears till he returns.

    _Withers._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I need not say how, one by one,
      Love’s flowers have dropped from off love’s chain,
    Enough to say that they are gone,
      And that they cannot bloom again.

    _Miss Landon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    We sometimes see a shadow swiftly skim
      In summer o’er the hills and vales of earth:
      So transient shades steal o’er the face of mirth,
    And frequent tears the brightest eyes bedim.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thine is a grief that wastes the heart,
      Like mildew on a tulip’s dyes--
    When hope, deferred but to depart,
      Loses its smiles but keeps its sighs.

    _Miss Landon._




WHITE ROSE.... _I would be single_.

    How uneasy is his life
    Who is troubled with a wife!
    Be she ne’er so fair or comely,
    Be she foul or be she homely,
    Be she blithe or melancholy,
    Have she wit, or have she folly,
    Be she prudent, be she squandering,
    Be she staid, or be she wandering,
    Yet uneasy is his life
    Who is married to a wife.

    _Cotton._


The White Rose became celebrated in English history as the badge of the
house of York, in the War of the Roses. Among the ancients, who
considered the Rose as the queen of flowers, it was the custom to crown
new-married persons with a chaplet of Red and White Roses; and in the
procession of the Corybantes, the goddess Cybele, the protectress of
cities, was pelted with White Roses.

       *       *       *       *       *

    A single Rose is shedding
    Its lovely lustre meek and pale:
    It looks as planted by despair--
    So white, so faint--the slightest gale
    Might whirl the leaves on high.

    _Byron._




YELLOW ROSE.... _Jealousy_.


Pfeffel, a German poet, has pleasingly accounted for the origin of the
Yellow Rose, the emblem of envy and jealousy, in the following manner:

    Once a White Rose-bud reared her head,
    And peevishly to Flora said,
    “Look at my sister’s blushing hue--
    Pray, mother, let me have it too.”
    “Nay, child,” was Flora’s mild reply,
    “Be thankful for such gifts as I
    Have deemed befitting to dispense--
    Thy dower the hue of innocence.”
    When did Persuasion’s voice impart
    Content and peace to female heart
    Where baleful Jealousy bears sway,
    And scares each gentler guest away?
    The Rose still grumbled and complained,
    Her mother’s bounties still disdained.
    “Well, then,” said angered Flora--“take”--
    She breathed upon her as she spake--
    “Henceforth no more in simple vest
    Of innocence shalt thou be drest--
    Take that which better suits thy mind,
    The hue for Jealousy designed!”
    The Yellow Rose has from that hour
    Borne evidence of Envy’s power.

                            Is whispering nothing?
    Is leaning cheek to cheek?--is meeting noses?
    Kissing with inside lip?--stopping the career
    Of laughter with a sigh?--(a note infallible
    Of breaking honesty:)--horsing foot to foot?--
    Skulking in corners?--wishing clocks more swift?--
    Hours, minutes?--noon, midnight? and all eyes
    Blind with the pin and web, but theirs,--theirs only,
    That would unseen be wicked?--is this nothing?
    Why, then the world, and all that’s in it, is nothing.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thou wondrous yellow fiend!
    Temper an antidote with antimony,
    And ’tis infectious: Mix jealousy with marriage,
    It poisons virtue.

    _Davenport._

       *       *       *       *       *

    O jealousy! thou bane of pleasing friendship,
    Thou worst invader of our tender bosoms;
    How does thy rancour poison all our softness,
    And turn our gentle natures into bitterness!

    _Rowe._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ah! poor unconscious rival maid,
    How drearily must thou sicken and fade,
    ’Neath jealousy’s dark Upas shade!

    _Tupper._




RED ROSE.... _Beauty and Love_.


According to ancient fable, the red colour of the Rose may be traced to
Venus, whose delicate foot, when she was hastening to the relief of her
beloved Adonis, was pierced by a thorn that drew blood,

    Which on the White Rose being shed,
    Made it for ever after red.

    _Herrick._

Miller, the “basket-maker” and poet, gives the following beautiful
account of the origin of the Red Rose:--

     It was drawing toward the decline of a beautiful summer day, when
     the red, round sun was bending down a deep, blue, unclouded sky, to
     where a vast range of mountains stretched, summit upon summit, and
     in the far distance again rose, pile upon pile, until high over all
     towered the god-haunted height of cloud-capt Olympus, rising with
     its rounded shoulder, like another world, on the uttermost rim of
     the horizon. At the foot of this immense world of untrodden
     mountains, opened out a wide, immeasurable forest, stretching far
     away, league upon league, with its unexplored ocean of trees, which
     were bounded somewhere by another range of unknown mountains, that
     again overlooked a vast, silent, and unpeopled world. On the edge
     of this pathless desert of trees, and nearest the foot of Olympus,
     sat the Queen of Beauty and of Love; with her golden tresses
     unbound, and her matchless countenance buried within the palms of
     her milk-white hands, and sobbing as if her fond, immortal heart
     would break. Beside her was laid the dead body of Adonis, his face
     half-hidden beneath the floating fall of her hair, as she bent over
     him and wept. Beyond them lay the stiffened bulk of the grim and
     grisly boar, his hideous jaws flecked with blood and foam, and his
     terrible tusks glittering like the heads of pointed spears, as they
     stood out, sharp and white, in the unclouded sunset. Not an
     immortal comforter was by: for the far-seeing eye of Jove was fixed
     listlessly upon the golden nectar-cup, as it passed from hand to
     hand, along the rounded circle of the gods, while they were
     recounting the deeds of other days, when they waged war against the
     Titans. Even the chariot of Venus stood unyoked at the foot of the
     mount; the silken traces lay loosely thrown together upon the
     ground, and the white doves were idly hovering round in the air;
     for the weeping goddess was so overwhelmed with sorrow, that she
     had forgotten to waft her light-winged whisper to the Mount of
     Olympus; nor had they received any summons from the charioteer
     Love, who lay sleeping upon a bed of Roses, with his bow and arrows
     by his side.

     In the glade of this vast forest of the old primeval world, whose
     echoes had never been startled by the blows of a descending axe,
     nor a branch rent from their majestic boles, saving by the dreaded
     bolts of the Thunderer, or some earth-shaking storm, which, in his
     anger, he had blown abroad, the Goddess of Beauty still continued
     to sit, as if unconscious of the savage solitude which surrounded
     her; nor did she notice the back-kneed Satyrs, that peered upon her
     unrobed loveliness with burning eyes, from many a shadowy recess in
     the thick-leaved underwood. Upon the trunks of the mighty and
     storm-tortured trees, the sunset here and there flashed down in
     rays of molten gold, making their gnarled and twisted stems look as
     if they had just issued red-hot from the jaws of some cavern-like
     furnace, whose glare the fancy might still trace in a blackened
     avenue of trees, up which the red ranks of the consuming lightning
     had ages agone marched. Every way, where the lengthened shadows of
     evening began to fall in deeper masses, the forest assumed a more
     savage look, which was heightened by the noise of some
     deadly-tusked boar, as he went snorting and thundering through the
     thicket; the growl of the tiger was also heard at intervals, as he
     retreated farther into the deepening darkness of the dingles,
     mistaking the blazing sunset for some devouring fire. But the eyes
     of Venus saw only the pale face of her lover,--she felt only his
     chilly and stiffened hand sink colder and deeper into the warm
     heart on which she pressed it, and over which her tears fell,
     slower or faster, just as the mournful gusts of her sorrow arose or
     subsided, and sent the blinding rain from the blue-veined lids that
     overhung her clouded eyes; for never had her immortal heart before
     been swollen by such an overflowing torrent of grief. But the
     warmth of her kisses, which would almost have awakened life in a
     statue of marble, fell upon lips now cold as a wintry grave; and
     her sighs, which came sweeter than the morning air when it first
     arises from its sleep among the Roses, stirred not one of the
     clotted ringlets which softened into the yielding whiteness of her
     heavenly bosom,--

    “She looked upon his lips, and they are pale;
      She took him by the hand, and that was cold;
    She whispered in his ear a heavy tale,
      As if they heard the woful words she told.”

     She would have given her immortality but to have heard those lips
     murmur and complain, as they had done a few hours before--to have
     seen those eyes again burning with disdain, as they flashed back
     indignantly the warm advances of her love. She pictured him as he
     had that very morning stood, in all the pride of youthful manliness
     and beauty, when he looked down, blushing and abashed, as he held
     his boar-spear in his hand, when she threw the studded bridle over
     her own rounded and naked arm, and the proud courser pricked up his
     ears with delight, and shook his braided mane, while his long tail
     streamed out like a banner, and his proud eye dilated, and his
     broad nostrils expanded, as he went trampling haughtily on, proud
     to be led by the Queen of Beauty and of Love. She pictured the
     Primrose bank on which he lay twined reluctantly in her arms, how
     he tried to conceal his face, this way, and that way, among the
     flowers, whenever she attempted to press his lips,--

    “While on each cheek appeared a pretty dimple:
      Love made those hollows, if himself were slain,
    He might be buried in a tomb so simple.”
     She recalled his attitude as he untwined himself from her embrace,
     and hurried off in pursuit of his steed, which had snapped the rein
     that secured it to the branch of a neighbouring oak, and started at
     full speed down one of the wild avenues of the forest. In fancy she
     again saw him, as he sat panting upon the ground, weary with the
     fruitless pursuit; and how, kneeling down, she then

                “Took him gently by the hand,
    A lily prisoned in a jail of snow,
      Or ivory in an alabaster band:
    So white a friend engirt so white a foe;
      A beauteous combat, wilful and unwilling,
      Showed like two silver doves that sat a-billing.”

     And as she looked upon him, she imagined that his lips moved again,
     as when they said, “Give me my hand, why dost thou feel it?” she
     fancied she again felt his face upon her cheek--his kisses upon her
     lips, as when she fell down and feigned herself dead; the while he
     bent her fingers, and felt her pulse, and endeavoured by a hundred
     endearments and tender expressions, to restore her. And how, when
     she pretended to recover, she paid him back again with unnumbered
     kisses, whilst he, wearied with opposing her, no longer offered any
     resistance; and how, at last, he broke from her fair arms, and,
     darting down the “dark lawn,” left her seated alone upon the
     ground.

     As picture after picture rose before her of what had been, and
     every close pressure of the cold, inanimate, but still dearly-loved
     form, told her what the hand of death had done, and that those
     very “hopes and fears which are akin to love” were now for ever
     darkened and extinguished; she burst forth into such a loud,
     wailing lamentation, that the sound found its way unto Olympus, and
     fell upon the ever-open ear of Jove, who, in a moment, dashed the
     golden nectar-cup upon the ground, which he was about uplifting to
     his lips, and sprang upon his feet. There was a sound of hurrying
     to and fro over the mountain-summits, which sloped down to the edge
     of the forest--of gods and goddesses passing through the air--of
     golden chariots, that went whistling along like the wind, as they
     cleft their rapid way--and the flapping of dark, immortal wings,
     between which many a beautiful divinity was seated. The golden
     clouds of sunset gathered red and ominously about the rounded
     summit of Olympus, and a blood-red light glared upon such parts of
     the forest as were not darkened by the deepening shadows of the
     approaching twilight,--for the Thunderer had stamped his immortal
     foot, and jarred the mighty mountain to its very base. And now, in
     that forest glade, which but a few moments before was so wild and
     desolate,--where only the forms of the grisly boar, the dead
     Adonis, and the weeping Goddess of Beauty broke the level lines of
     the angry sunset, were assembled the stern Gods, and the weeping
     Graces, and the fluttering Loves that ever hover around the chariot
     of Venus. With bleeding feet and drooping head,--wan, and cold, and
     speechless,--was the Goddess of Beauty lifted into her golden
     chariot, and, with the dead body of Adonis, wafted by her silver
     and silent-winged doves to Mount Olympus. And then a deep darkness
     settled down upon the forest. When the next morning’s sun arose
     and gilded those silent glades, the Roses, on which the blood of
     the Goddess of Beauty had fallen, and which were ever before white,
     were changed into a delicate crimson; and wherever a tear had
     fallen, there had sprung up a flower which the earth had never
     before borne, and that was the Lily of the Valley; and wherever a
     ruddy drop had fallen from the death-wound of Adonis sprang up the
     red flower which still beareth his name. Even the white
     apple-blossoms, which he clutched in his agony, ever after wore the
     ruddy stain which they caught from his folded fingers; and the
     drowsy Poppy grew up everywhere around the spot, as if to denote
     that the only consolation which can be found for sorrow is the
     long, unbroken sleep of death. Thus the Rose, which was before
     white, became red, and was ever after dedicated to Beauty and Love.

Its beautiful tint is traced to another source by a modern poet:

    As erst in Eden’s blissful bowers,
    Young Eve surveyed her countless flowers,
    An opening Rose of purest white
    She marked with eye that beamed delight,
    Its leaves she kissed, and straight it drew
    From beauty’s lip the vermeil hue.

    _Carey._

The poets have not exaggerated the beauty of the red-hued Rose. She
would be crowned Queen of the Flowers by the most unpoetical. The
emblem of all ages, the interpreter of all our feelings, the Rose
mingles with our festivities, our joys, and our griefs. Its fragrance is
as delightful as its hues; and no truer emblem of love and beauty could
have been chosen.

                            I have cherished
    A love for one whose beauty would have charmed
    In Athens. And I know what ’tis to love
    A spiritual beauty, and behind the foil
    Of an unblemished loveliness, still find
    Charms of a higher order, and a power
    Deeper and more resistless. Had I found
    Such thoughts and feelings, such a clear deep stream
    Of mind in one whom vulgar men had thrown
    As a dull pebble from them, I had loved
    Not with a love less fond, nor with a flame
    Of less devotion.

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

                  There’s no miniature
    In her face, but is a copious theme,
    Which would, discoursed at large of, make a volume.
    What clear arched brows! what sparkling eyes! the lilies
    Contending with the roses in her cheeks,
    Who shall most set them off. What ruby lips!--
    Or unto what can I compare her neck,
    But to a rock of crystal? Every limb
    Proportioned to love’s wish, and in their neatness
    Add lustre to the richness of her habit,
    Not borrowed from it.

    _Massinger._




PEONY.... _Anger_.


The Peony is chosen as the emblem of Anger from its red and fiery hues.
It is a large double flower, and presents a superb appearance; but is
almost destitute of scent.

    I am burned up with inflaming wrath;
    A rage, whose heat hath this condition,
    That nothing can allay, nothing but blood,
    The blood, and dearest valued blood, of France.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The wildest ills that darken life
    Are rapture to the bosom’s strife;
    The tempest, in its blackest form,
    Is beauty to the bosom’s storm;
    The ocean, lashed to fury loud,
    Its high wave mingling with the cloud,
    Is peaceful, sweet serenity,
    To anger’s dark and stormy sea.

    _J. W. Eastburne._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh, that my tongue were in the thunder’s mouth!
    Then with a passion would I shake the world.

    _Shakspeare._




NETTLES.... _Cruelty_.


Nettles may be considered the appropriate emblem of cruelty. How often,
while in search of flowers, have we felt the sting of these unrelenting
plants! We call that punishment cruel which visits us without our doing
an injury which deserves it; and, as we never wished to be in the
vicinity of the Nettles, nor, therefore, to injure them, our boyish
fancy looked upon them as cruel.

       *       *       *       *       *

                      Spare not the babe,
    Whose dimpled smiles from fools exhaust their mercy;
    Think it a bastard, whom the oracle
    Hath doubtfully pronounced thy throat shall cut,
    And mince it sans remorse.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

                Do not insult calamity;
    It is a barbarous grossness to lay on
    The weight of scorn, where heavy misery
    Too much already weighs men’s fortunes down.

    _Daniel._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh, he’s accurst from all that’s good,
      Who never knew Love’s healing power;
    Such sinner on his sins must brood,
      And wait alone his hour.
    If stranger to earth’s beauty--human love,
    There is no rest below, nor hope above.

    _Dana._




COLUMBINE.... _Desertion_.


      Bring Lilies for a maiden’s grave,
        Roses to deck the bride,
      Tulips for all who love through life
        In brave attire to ride:
    Bring each for each, in bower and hall,
    But cull the Columbine for all.

      “The Columbine? full many a flower
        Hath hues more clear and bright,
      Although she doth in purple go,
        In crimson, pink, and white.
    Why, when so many fairer shine,
    Why choose the homely Columbine?”

      Examine well each floweret’s form,--
        Read ye not something more
      Than curl of petal--depth of tint?
        Saw ye ne’er aught before
    That claims a fancied semblance there.
    Amid those modelled leaves so fair?

      Know ye the cap which Folly wears
        In ancient masques and plays?
      Does not the Columbine recall
        That toy of olden days?
    And is not folly reigning now
    O’er many a wisdom-written brow?

      ’Tis Folly’s flower, that homely one;
        That universal guest
      Makes every garden but a type
        Of every human breast;
    For though ye tend both mind and bower,
    There’s still a nook for Folly’s flower.

      Then gather roses for the bride,
        Twine them in her bright hair,
      But, ere the wreath be done--oh! let
        The Columbine be there.
    For rest ye sure that follies dwell
    In many a heart that loveth well.

      Gather ye laurels for the brow
        Of every prince of song!
      For all, to whom philosophy
        And wisdom do belong.
    But ne’er forget to intertwine
    A flower or two of Columbine.

      Forget it not;--for even they,
        The oracles of earth,
      Mid all their wealth of golden thoughts,
        Their wisdom and their worth,
    Sometimes play pranks beneath the sky,
    Would scarce become e’en such as I!

      Weave ye an armful of that plant,
        Choosing the darkest flowers,
      With that red, blood-dipped wreath ye bring
        The devastating powers
    Of warrior, conqueror, or chief;
    Oh! twine that full of Folly’s leaf!

      And do ye ask me why this flower
        Is fit for every brow?
      Tell me but one where Folly ne’er
        Hath dwelt, nor dwelleth now,
    And I will then the laurel twine,
    Unmingled with the Columbine.

    _Louisa A. Twamley._




PASSION FLOWER.... _Faith_.


In the Passion Flower, we find a representation of the crown of thorns,
the scourge, the cross, the sponge, the nails, and the five wounds of
Christ. Hence its name and signification.

       *       *       *       *       *

          One more plant----
    Which, consecrate to Salem’s peaceful King,
    Though fair as any gracing beauty’s bower,
    Is linked to sorrow like a holy thing,
    And takes its name from suffering’s fiercest hour.
    Be this my noblest theme--Imperial Passion Flower!
    Whatever impulse first conferred that name,
    Or Fancy’s dream, or Superstition’s art,
    I freely own its spirit-touching claim,
    With thoughts and feelings it may well impart.

    _Barton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Faith builds a bridge across the gulf of death,
    To break the shock blind nature cannot shun,
    And lands thought smoothly on the further shore.

    _Young._

       *       *       *       *       *

    True faith nor biddeth nor abideth form.
    The bended knee, the eye uplift is all
    Which man need render; all which God can bear.
    What to the faith are forms? A passing speck,
    A crow upon the sky.

    _Bailey._

       *       *       *       *       *

            Faith is the subtle chain
    That binds us to the Infinite: the voice
    Of a deep life within, that will remain
    Until we crowd it thence.

    _Mrs. E. Oakes Smith._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Naught shall prevail against us, or disturb
    Our cheerful faith, that all which we behold
    Is full of blessings.

    _Wordsworth._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ah, no! my dying lips shall close,
      Unaltered love, as faith professing;
    Nor (praising Him who life bestows)
      Forget who makes that life a blessing.
    My last address to Heaven is due;--
    My last but one I give to you.

    _Lovibond._




PINK.... _Pure Love_.


The primitive Pink is simple red or white, and scented; but cultivation
has varied the colour from the darkest purple to the purest white. Under
all its diversities, however, it retains its delicious, spicy fragrance,
and hence has been made the emblem of woman’s love, which no
circumstance can change. Florists designate two principal divisions of
these flowers, Pinks and Carnation. The former are marked by a spot
resembling an eye, and by a more humble growth. The flower of the
Carnation is much larger than that of the Pink, and of a deeper hue. The
Carnation was called by some of the old English writers the clove-gilly
flower, from its perfume resembling that of cloves.

       *       *       *       *       *

                    She never told her love,
    But let concealment, like a worm i’ the bud,
    Feed on her damask cheek; she pined in thought;
    And with a green and yellow melancholy,
    She sat (like Patience on a monument)
    Smiling at grief.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

                        It is a fearful thing,
    To love as I love thee; to feel the world--
    The bright, the beautiful, joy giving world--
    A blank without thee. Never more to me
    Can hope, joy, fear, wear different seeming. Now
    I have no hope that does not dream for thee;
    I have no joy that is not shared by thee;
    I have no fear that does not dread for thee.

    _L. E. L._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Alas! the love of woman! it is known
    To be a lovely and a fearful thing;
    For all of theirs upon that die is thrown,
    And, if ’tis lost, life has no more to bring
    To them but mockeries of the past alone.

    _Byron._




SENSITIVE PLANT.... _Chastity_.


This singular plant is so named from its motions imitating the
sensibility of animal life. It contracts itself in the evening and
expands with the morning light, and shrinks from external violence,
folding up its leaves at the mere approach of one’s hand. The Violet is
the emblem of that retiring modesty which proceeds from reflection, but
the Sensitive Plant is a perfect image of innocence and virgin modesty,
the result of instinct.

       *       *       *       *       *

    So dear to heaven is saintly chastity,
    That when a soul is found sincerely so,
    A thousand liveried angels lackey her,
    Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt.

    _Milton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh! she is colder than the mountain’s snow.
    To such a subtile purity she’s wrought,
    She’s prayed and fasted to a walking thought:
    She’s an enchanted feast, most fair to sight,
    And starves the appetite she does invite;
    Flies from the touch of sense, and if you dare
    To name but love she vanishes to air.

    _Crown._

       *       *       *       *       *

    In thy fair brow there’s such a legend writ
    Of chastity, as blinds the adulterous eye:
    Not the mountain ice,
    Congealed to crystals, is so frosty chaste
    As thy victorious soul, which conquers man,
    And man’s proud tyrant-passion.

    _Dryden._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Like the Mimosa shrinking from
      The blight of some familiar finger--
    Like flowers which but in secret bloom,
      Where aye the sheltered shadows linger,
    And which beneath the hot noon-ray
    Would fold their leaves and fade away--
    The flowers of Love in secret cherished,
    In loneliness and silence nourished,
      Shrink backward from the searching eye,
    Until the stem whereon they flourished,
    Their shrine, the human heart, has perished,
      Although themselves may never die.

    _J. G. Whittier._




THYME.... _Activity_.


Among the ancient Greeks, Thyme denoted the graceful elegance of the
Attic style; because it covered Mount Hymettus, and gave an aromatic
flavour to the honey made there. Those writers who had mastered the
Attic style were said “to smell of Thyme.” Flies of all shapes, beetles
of all hues, bright butterflies, and vigilant bees for ever surround the
flower tufts of Thyme, and they thus seem to teem with life. Activity is
a warlike virtue, and is ever associated with true courage. On this
notion, the ladies of the days of chivalry embroidered on the scarfs
which they presented to their knights the figure of a bee hovering about
a sprig of Thyme.

       *       *       *       *       *

    I am not old,--though years have cast
      Their shadows on my way;
    I am not old,--though youth has passed,
      On rapid wings away.
    For in my heart a fountain flows,
    And round it pleasant thoughts repose;
    And sympathies, and feelings high,
    Spring like stars on evening’s sky.

    _Park Benjamin._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The thrifty Thyme a home can find,
    Where smiles the sun, and breathes the wind.

    _Mrs. Hale._

       *       *       *       *       *

                      Take the instant way;
    For honour travels in a strait so narrow,
    Where one but goes abreast: keep then the path;
    For emulation hath a thousand sons,
    That one by one pursue: if you give way,
    Or edge aside from the direct forthright,
    Like to an entered tide, they all rush by,
    And leave you hindmost.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

                      The keen spirit
    Seizes the prompt occasion,--makes the thought
    Start into instant action, and at once
    Plans and performs, resolves and executes.

    _Hannah More._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Come, I have learned, that fearful commenting
    Is laden servitor to dull delay;
    Delay leads impotent and snail-paced beggary.
    Then fiery expedition be my wing,
    Jove’s Mercury, and herald for a king!
    Go, muster men: my counsel is my shield:
    We must be brief, when traitors brave the field.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Rouse thee! wake thy soul from sadness;
      Fail not in the eager strife!
    See around the bright earth’s gladness,--
      All activity and life!

    _Peerbold._




HOLLYHOCK.... _Ambition_.


We have few flowers that contribute more to the ornamenting of large
gardens than the Hollyhock, which, from its towering height and seeming
love of display, is the emblem of ambition. The flowers are of all hues,
from a blackish-purple to a faint white, and, though very beautiful, are
without fragrance. They give gayety to the shrubbery until a late season
of the year, throwing out a succession of flowers till the arrival of
frost.

       *       *       *       *       *

                      Yet, press on!
    For it shall make you mighty among men;
    And, from the eyrie of your eagle thought,
    Ye shall look down on monarchs. Oh! press on!
    For the high ones and powerful shall come
    To do you reverence; and the beautiful
    Will know the purer language of your soul,
    And read it like a talisman of love.
    Press on! for it is godlike to unloose
    The spirit, and forget yourself in thought.

    _Willis._

       *       *       *       *       *

    To the expanded and aspiring soul,
    To be but still the thing it long has been,
    Is misery, e’en though enthroned it were
    Under the cope of high imperial state.

    _Joanna Baillie._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ay,--father!--I have had those earthly visions
    And noble aspirations in my youth,
    To make my own the mind of other men,
    The enlightener of nations: and to rise
    I knew not whither--it might be to fall;
    But fall, even as the mountain cataract,
    Which having leapt from its more dazzling height,
    Even in the foaming strength of its abyss,
    Lies low but mighty still.--But this is past,
    My thoughts mistook themselves.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I loved to hear the war-horn cry,
      And panted at the drum’s deep roll;
    And held my breath, when--flaming high--
    I saw our starry banners fly,
    As, challenging the haughty sky,
      They went like battle o’er my soul;
    For I was so ambitious then,
    I burned to be the slave--of men.

    _John Neal._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Know thou ambition is a restless flame,
    Which ever strives to reach the high-placed stars!

    _Peerbold._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ambition takes a thousand shapes among
    Our race of Time’s most valued toys, and yet
    In court, in camp, in school, and mid the buzz
    Of eager trade her spirit is the same.

    _C. Watson._




LAUREL.... _Glory_.


Among the ancient Greeks and Romans, the Laurel was consecrated to every
species of glory. The beautiful shrub grows abundantly at Delphi, on the
banks of the river Peneus. There its aromatic and evergreen branches
shoot up to the height of the loftiest trees; and it is alleged that, by
means of some secret virtue, they avert lightning from the spots which
they adorn.

According to ancient fable, Daphne was the daughter of the river Peneus.
Apollo fell in love with her, but she, preferring virtue to the love of
the most eloquent of the gods, fled, in order to avoid the seducing
magic of his words. Apollo pursued, and was on the point of overtaking
her, when the nymph invoked her father, and was changed into a Laurel.
The god, finding that he clasped an insensible tree in his arms, kissed
its bright leaves. “Since thou canst not be my spouse,” said he, “thou
shalt, at least, be my tree.” Thence-forward the Laurel was sacred to
Apollo.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ambition! ambition! I’ve laughed to scorn
      Thy robe and thy gleaming sword;
    I would follow sooner a woman’s eye,
      Or the spell of a gentle word.
    But come with the glory of human mind,
      And the light of the scholar’s brow,
    And my heart shall be taught forgetfulness,
      And alone at thy altar bow.

    _Willis._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Give me the trumpet tone of fame,
    The victor’s wreath, the hero’s name;
    Though bites the steel and clanks the chain,
    I would a warrior’s glory gain,
    A nation’s pet and idol be,
    With slaves to crouch and bend the knee.

    _W. H. C._

       *       *       *       *       *

    What is glory? What is fame?
    The echo of a long-lost name;
    A breath, an idle hour’s brief talk;
    The shadow of an arrant naught;
    A flower that blossoms for a day,
      Dying next morrow;
    A stream that hurries on its way,
      Singing of sorrow.

    _Motherwell._

       *       *       *       *       *

    In poet’s lore, and sentimental story,
      It seems as ’twere this life’s supremest aim
    For heroes to achieve what men call glory,
      And die intoxicate with earth’s acclaim.
    Ah me! how little care the dead for breath
    Of vain applause that saved them not from death.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    To die, and leave some worthy work to earth,
    Is but a fine transition. ’Tis to leave
    A talisman to call the spirit back,
    Reft of its ground-born tenement.

    _C. Watson._




AMARANTH.... _Immortality_.


The Amaranth is unfading; and it has, therefore, been made the emblem of
immortality. In Homer’s time, it was customary to wear crowns of
Amaranth at the funerals of distinguished personages. Milton, in his
Lycidas, classes it among the flowers that “sad embroidery wear.” In the
floral games at Toulouse, the principal prize was a golden Amaranth for
the best lyric composition. The Amaranthus hypochondriacus, one of the
American species, is better known by the name of Prince’s Feather.

       *       *       *       *       *

    There’s a yearning that’s felt in your heart’s deepest cell,
    And silently, vainly, within doth it swell;
    And, scorning the hopes of the children of earth,
    Seeks the bright home of its heavenly birth;
    And that yearning, unquenched in the heart will lie,
    Till refreshed by a draught from eternity.

    _Miss Larcom._

       *       *       *       *       *

                      Oh, listen man!
    A voice within us speaks that startling word,
    “Man, thou shalt never die!” Celestial voices
    Hymn it unto our souls: according harps,
    By angel fingers touched, when the mild stars
    Of morning sang together, sound forth still
    The song of our great immortality.

    _Dana._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Immortal Amaranth! a flower which once
    In paradise, fast by the tree of life
    Began to bloom; but soon, for man’s offence,
    To heaven removed, where first it grew, there grows
    And flowers aloft, shading the tree of life.

    _Milton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    There are distinctions that will live in heaven,
    When time is a forgotten circumstance!
    The elevated brow of kings will lose
    The impress of regalia, and the slave
    Will wear his immortality as free
    Beside the crystal waters; but the depth
    Of glory in the attributes of God
    Will measure the capacities of mind;
    And, as the angels differ, will the ken
    Of gifted spirits glorify Him more.

    _Willis._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Were death annihilation--were this life
    A lamp extinguished, ne’er to be relit,--
    Then words of deep despondency were fit;
    Then man perchance might lift his arm in strife
    Against his LORD. Were blessedness of mind
    Dependent on the vastness of the heap
    Of gold and gems the schemers ’mong mankind
    Could gather--then ’twere virtuous to weep.
    But ’tis not so. Infinity of time
    Is yet to be. Beyond our vision lie
    Eternal realms, ineffably sublime
    And beautiful.

    _MacKellar._




STRAWBERRY.... _Perfection_.


An eminent French author conceived the plan of writing a general history
of nature, after the model of the ancients. A Strawberry plant, which,
perchance, grew under his window, deterred him from this bold design. He
examined the Strawberry, and, in so doing, discovered so many wonders,
that he felt convinced the study of a single plant was sufficient to
occupy a whole lifetime. He therefore gave up the pompous title which he
had meditated for his work, and contented himself with calling it
“Studies of Nature.” The flowers of the Strawberry form pretty bouquets;
but, as the delicious fruit is preferred to the flower, they are seldom
plucked for that purpose. Among the glaciers of the Alps, the plants and
flowers of the Strawberry are found in all seasons of the year. The
plant seems to possess all the merits of plants, in their greatest
perfection. The berries are the favourite accompaniment of the lordly
feast and the most exquisite luxury of the rural repast. They vie in
freshness and perfume with the buds of the sweetest flowers; delighting
the eye, the taste, and smell, at the same time.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Let other bards of angels sing,
      Bright suns without a spot;
    But thou art no such perfect thing:
      Rejoice that thou art not!

    _Wordsworth._

       *       *       *       *       *

    She’s noble--noble, one to keep
    Embalmed for dreams of fevered sleep.
    An eye for nature--taste refined,
    Perception swift--and balanced mind,--
    And, more than all, a gift of thought
    To such a spirit fineness wrought,
    That on my ear her language fell
    As if each word dissolved a spell.

    _Willis._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh! do not die, for we shall hate
      All women so when you are gone,
    That thee I shall not celebrate,
      When I remember thou wast one.
    But yet thou canst not die, I know;
      To leave this world behind is death;
    But when thou from this world wilt go,
      The whole world vapours in thy breath.

    _Donne._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Were I to give my frolic fancy play,
    I’d sing of her as some angelic sprite,
    Who, wandering from her native home of light,
    Fatigued, had fallen asleep upon the way;--
    I’d fear to wake her, lest she’d plume her wings
    And soar away from me and all sublunar things.

    _MacKellar._




SUNFLOWER.... _False Riches_.


The Sunflower has been thus named from the resemblance which its broad
golden disk and rays bear to the sun. The first Spaniards who arrived in
Peru were amazed at the profuse display of gold among the people, but
they were still more astonished when, in May, they beheld whole fields
covered with these flowers, which they concluded, at first sight, must
be of the same precious metal. From this circumstance, and the
observation that gold, however abundant, cannot render a person truly
rich, the Sunflower has been made the emblem of false wealth. Many of
the English poets have adopted the notion that this flower ever turns
its face to the sun. Thomson, Moore, Darwin, and Barton make a very fine
use of the idea. But it is not a fact. Those flowers which face the east
at the opening of day, never turn to the west at the close of it.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Searcher of gold, whose days and nights
      All waste away in anxious care,
    Estranged from all of life’s delights,
      Unlearned in all that is most fair--
    Who sailest not with easy glide,
    But delvest in the depths of tide,
      And strugglest in the foam;
    O! come and view this land of graves,
    Death’s northern sea of frozen waves,
      And mark thee out thy home.

    _J. O. Rockwell._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Think’st thou the man whose mansions hold
    The worldling’s pride, the miser’s gold,
      Obtains a richer prize
    Than he who in his cot, at rest,
    Finds heavenly peace a willing guest,
    And bears the earnest in his breast
      Of treasure in the skies?

    _Mrs. Sigourney._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Is all that heart requires, accomplished when
    A heap of wealth is gathered at our door?
    How thirsts the yearning soul for something more,
    Some good that lies beyond its keenest ken!

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Can gold calm passion, or make reason shine?
    Can we dig peace, or wisdom, from the mine?
    Wisdom to gold prefer: for ’tis much less
    To make our fortune, than our happiness.

    _Young._

       *       *       *       *       *

    It’s no in titles nor in rank;
    It’s no in wealth like Lon’on bank,
      To purchase peace and rest;
    It’s no in making muckle mair:
    It’s no in books: it’s no in lear,
      To make us truly blest:
    If happiness hae not her seat
      And centre in the breast,
    We may be wise, or rich, or great,
      But never can be blest.

    _Burns._




HELIOTROPE.... _Devoted Affection_.


The Heliotrope is a native of Peru. It is often confounded with the
Sunflower, though it is of a different genus. The blossoms of the
Heliotrope form clusters of very small, delicate, fragrant flowers,
generally of a faint purple colour or white, sometimes red, or
bluish-white. It is a general favourite of the fair sex, and is
considered as the emblem of devoted affection, on account of its face
being ever turned to the sun, which it seems to worship. The Heliotrope
was introduced into Europe in 1740, by the celebrated Jussieu.

       *       *       *       *       *

    As laurel leaves, that cease not to be green,
    From parching sonne, nor yet from winter’s threat,--
    As hardened oak, that fears no sworde so keen,--
    As flint for tool, in twaine that will not fret,--
    As fast as rock, or pillar surely set,--
    So fast am I to you, and aye have been,
    Assuredly whom I cannot forget;
    For joy, for paine, for torment, nor for tene;
    For loss, for gaine, for frowning, nor for threat;
    For ever one, yea, both in calm and blast,
    Your faithful love, and will be to the last!

    _Old Poet. 1555._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Yet do not think I doubt thee;
      I know thy truth remains;
    I would not live without thee,
      For all the world contains.
    Thou art the star that guides me
      Along life’s troubled sea;--
    Whatever fate betides me,
      This heart still turns to thee.

    _G. P. Morris._

       *       *       *       *       *

                    He on his side
    Leaning half-raised, with looks of cordial love
    Hung over her enamoured, and beheld
    Beauty, which, whether waking or asleep,
    Shot forth peculiar graces.

    _Milton._

       *       *       *       *       *

                      Like Ixion,
    I look on Juno, feel my heart turn to cinders
    With an invisible fire; and yet, should she
    Deign to appear clothed in a various cloud,
    The majesty of the substance is so sacred
    I durst not clasp the shadow. I behold her
    With adoration, feast my eye, while all
    My other senses starve; and, oft frequenting
    The place which she makes happy with her presence,
    I never yet had power, with tongue or pen,
    To move her to compassion, or make known
    What ’tis I languish for; yet I must gaze still,
    Though it increase my flame.

    _Massinger._




MIGNONETTE.... _Your Qualities surpass your Charms_.


The Mignonette was introduced into Europe from Egypt, in 1750. It
flowers from the beginning of spring until the end of autumn. Linnæus,
who gave it the name of _Reseda odorata_, compares its perfume with that
of ambrosia.

       *       *       *       *       *

    No gorgeous flowers the meek Reseda grace,
    Yet sip, with eager trunk, yon busy race
    Her simple cup, nor heed the dazzling gem
    That beams in Fritillaria’s diadem.

    _Evans._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I see her now within my view,--
    A spirit, yet a woman too!--
    Her household motions light and free,
    And steps of virgin liberty;
    A countenance in which do meet
    Sweet records, promises as sweet;
    A creature not too bright or good
    For human nature’s daily food.

    _Wordsworth._

       *       *       *       *       *

                    Time has small power
    O’er features the mind moulds. Roses where
    They once have bloomed a fragrance leave behind;
    And harmony will linger on the wind;
    And suns continue to light up the air,


[Illustration: MIGNIONETTE, PINK, PINK BUD.

_Your qualities surpassing your charms, have drawn from me a confession
of pure love._]

    When set; and music from the broken shrine Breathes,
    it is said, around whose altar-stone His flower the votary has ceased to
    twine:--Types of the beauty that, when youth is gone, Breathes from the
    soul whose brightness mocks decline.

    _George Hill._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Rudely thou wrongest my deare heart’s desire,
      In finding fault with her too portly pride;
    The thing which I do most in her admire,
      Is of the world unworthy most envied.
    For in those lofty looks is close implied
      Scorn of base things,--disdain of foul dishonour,
    Threatening rash eyes which gaze on her so wide
      That loosely they ne dare to look upon her!

    _Spenser._




JASMINE.... _Amiability_.


The Jasmine is a happy emblem of an amiable disposition. In all
situations, it suffers the gardener to train its slender branches into
any form he chooses: most commonly forming a living tapestry for arbours
and garden walls, and everywhere throwing out a profusion of delicate
and charming flowers, which perfume the air. The poets have showered
their praise upon this plant, and all unite in considering it the emblem
of the winsome quality of amiability. After paying a glowing tribute to
the beauty and sweetness of the Violet, Thomas Miller, the
“basket-maker” poet, thus speaks of the Jasmine:--

Stepping further into summer, comes the star-white Jasmine,--that sweet
perfumer of the night, which only throws out its full fragrance when its
sister stars are keeping watch in the sky; as if, when the song of the
nightingale no longer cheered the darkness, it sent forth its silent
aroma upon the listening air. Many a happy home does it garland, and
peeps in at many a forbidden lattice, where Love and Beauty repose.
Little did the proud courtiers and stately dames of Queen Elizabeth’s
day dream that this sweet-scented creeper (a sprig of which seemed to
make the haughty haughtier still) would one day become so common as to
cluster around and embower thousands of humble English cottages,--a
degradation which, could they but have witnessed, would almost have made
every plait of their starched ruffs bristle up, like “quills upon the
fretful porcupine.” Beautiful are its long, drooping, dark-green shoots,
trailing around the trellis-work of a door-way, like a green curtain
embroidered with silver flowers; while here and there the queenly
Moss-Rose, creeping in and out like the threads of a fanciful tapestry,
its crimson face amid the embowered green,--a beautiful lady peeping
through a leaf-clad casement.

       *       *       *       *       *

    A lover on the Indian Sea,
      Sighing for her left far behind,
    Inhaled the scented Jasmine tree,
      As it perfumed the evening wind:
    Shoreward he steered at dawn of day,
      And saw the coast all round embowered,
    And brought a starry sprig away,
      For her by whose green cot it flowered.

    And oft when from that scorching shore,
      In after years those odours came,
    He pictured his green cottage door,
      The shady porch, and window-frame,
    Far, far away, across the foam:
      The very Jasmine-flower that crept
    Round the thatched roof about his home,
      Where she he loved then safely slept.

    _Miller._




WOODBINE, OR HONEYSUCKLE.... _Affection_.


This elegant, climbing shrub at once delights the eye and gratifies the
smell, by the exquisite fragrance of its blossoms; while it confers on
those humble dwellings in the rural districts of England and America, a
character of cheerfulness unknown in other countries. It begins to
flower in May, and puts forth its blossoms until the end of summer. It
is chosen as the emblem of affection, from its clinging to trees and
lattices with all the ardour and constancy of a weak, confiding woman,
clinging to one of the stronger, sterner sex, in prosperity and in
adversity.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Copious of flowers, the woodbine pale and wan,
    But well compensating her sickly looks
    With never-cloying odours, early and late.

    _Cowper._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Sister, sister, what dost thou twine?
    I am weaving a wreath of the wild Woodbine;
    I have streaked it without like the sunset hue,
    And silvered it white with the morning dew:
    And there is not a perfume which on the breeze blows
    From the lips of the Pink or the mouth of the Rose,
    That’s sweeter than mine--that’s sweeter than mine:
    I have mingled them all in my wild Woodbine.

    _Miller._

       *       *       *       *       *

    A Honeysuckle, on the sunny side,
    Hung round the lattices its fragrant trumpets.

    _Miss Landon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ah! could you look into my heart,
      And watch your image there!
    You would own the sunny loveliness
      Affection makes it wear.

    _Mrs. Osgood._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The pensive soul with ardent thirsting turns
    To heaven and earth to seek its fill of love.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh! there is one affection which no stain
      Of earth can ever darken;--when two find,
    The softer and the manlier, that a chain
      Of kindred taste has fastened mind to mind.
    ’Tis an attraction from all sense refined;
    The good can only know it; ’tis not blind,
    As love is unto baseness; its desire
    Is but with hands entwined to lift our being higher.

    _Percival._




COWSLIP.... _Pensiveness_.


The solitary Cowslip was known to the old English poets as the “sweet
nun of the fields,” and has been immortalized in “Shakspeare’s Midsummer
Night’s Dream.” In America, the Cowslip may be found from Maine to
Missouri. Its hues are not gaudy, but winning; and the whole appearance
of the flower, as it blooms in some solitary vale, or on some gentle
slope, expresses the idea of pensive beauty.

       *       *       *       *       *

    The rose its blushes need not lend,
    Nor yet the lily with them blend,
      To captivate my eyes:
    Give me a cheek the heart obeys,
    And, sweetly mutable, displays
      Its feelings as they rise;
    Features, where pensive, more than gay,
    Save when a rising smile doth play,
      The sober thoughts you see;
    Eyes that all soft and tender seem,
    And kind affections round them beam,
      But most of all on me.

    _Frisbie._

       *       *       *       *       *

                      There is a mood,
    (I sing not to the vacant and the young,)
    There is a kindly mood of melancholy
    That wings the soul, and points her to the skies.

    _Dyer._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh! fragrant dwellers of the lea,
      When first the wildwood rings
    With each sound of vernal minstrelsy,
      When fresh the green grass springs!
    What can the blessed spring restore
      More gladdening than your charms?
    Bringing the memory once more
      Of lovely fields and farms!
    Of thickets, breezes, birds, and flowers;
      Of life’s unfolding prime;
    Of thoughts as cloudless as the hours;
      Of souls without a crime.
    Oh! blessed, blessed do ye seem,
      For, even now, I turned,
    With soul athirst for wood and stream,
      From streets that glared and burned.
    From the hot town, where mortal care
      His crowded fold doth pen;
    Where stagnates the polluted air
      In many a sultry den.
    And ye are here! and ye are here!
      Drinking the dew-like wine,
    Midst living gales and waters clear,
      And heaven’s unstinted shine.
    I care not that your little life
      Will quickly have run through,
    And the sward, with summer children rife,
      Keep not a trace of you.
    For again, again, on dewy plain,
      I trust to see you rise,
    When spring renews the wildwood strain,
      And bluer gleam the skies.
    Again, again, when many springs
      Upon my grave shall shine,
    Here shall you speak of vanished things,
      To living hearts of mine.

    _Mrs. Howitt._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Blest are the pure and simple hearts,
      Unconsciously refined,
    By the free gifts that Heaven imparts
      Through nature to the mind;
    Not all the pleasures wealth can buy
    Equal their happy destiny.

    _Mrs. Wells._

       *       *       *       *       *

    O Nature! a’ thy shows an’ forms
    To feeling, pensive hearts hae charms!
    Whether the simmer kindly warms,
                    Wi’ life an’ light.
    Or winter howls, in gusty storms,
                    The lang, dark night!

    _Burns._

       *       *       *       *       *

                      Melancholy
    Sits on me, as a cloud along the sky,
    Which will not let the sunbeams through, nor yet
    Descend in rain, and end; but spreads itself
    ’Twixt heaven and earth, like envy between man
    And man--an everlasting mist.

    _Byron._




FORGET-ME-NOT.


The name of this flower expresses clearly enough the meaning which is
given to it. As a remembrancer it is universally received and eulogized.
The name is derived from a German tradition, full of melancholy romance.
It is related that a young couple, on the eve of being united, while
walking along the banks of the Danube, saw a cluster of these flowers,
floating on the stream, which was bearing it away. The affianced bride
admired the beauty of the flower, and lamented its fatal destiny. The
lover plunged into the water to secure it. No sooner had he caught it
than he found himself sinking; but, making a last effort, he threw it on
the bank at the feet of his betrothed, and, at the moment of
disappearing for ever, exclaimed, “_Vergiss mein nicht!_” Since that
event, this flower has been made emblematical of the sentiment,
Forget-me-not. Its corollas are of a soft cerulean-blue colour, and it
presents an interesting appearance as it grows along the banks of the
rivers. The Forget-me-not is found in great perfection on the banks of a
small stream near Luxembourg, in France. The stream is called the
Fairies’ Bath, and its banks are the favourite resort of festive
parties.

       *       *       *       *       *

    That blue and bright-eyed floweret of the brook,
    Hope’s gentle gem--the fair Forget-me-not.

    _Coleridge._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Not on the mountain’s shelving side,
      Nor in the cultivated ground,
    Nor in the garden’s painted pride,
      The flower I seek is found.
    Where Time on sorrow’s page of gloom
      Has fixed its envious lot,
    Or swept the record from the tomb,
      It says Forget me not.
    And this is still the loveliest flower,
      The fairest of the fair,
    Of all that deck my lady’s bower,
      Or bind her floating hair.

    _Göthe._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Together they sate by a river’s side,
      A knight and a lady gay,
    And they watched the deep and eddying tide
      Round a flowery islet stray.
    And, “Oh! for that flower of brilliant hue,”
      Said then the lady fair,
    “To grace my neck with the blossoms blue
      And braid my nut-brown hair!”
    The knight has plunged in the whirling wave
      All for his lady’s smile:
    And he swims the stream with courage brave,
      And he gains yon flowery isle.
    And his fingers have cropped the blossoms blue,
      And the prize they backward bear;
    To deck his love with the brilliant hue
      And braid her nut-brown hair.
    But the way is long, and the current strong,
      And alas for that gallant knight!
    For the waves prevail, and his stout arms fail,
      Though cheered by his lady’s sight.
    Then the blossoms blue to the bank he threw,
      Ere he sank in the eddying tide;
    And “Lady, I’m gone, thine own knight true,
      Forget me not,” he cried.
    This farewell pledge the lady caught;
      And hence, as legends say,
    The flower is a sign to awaken thought
      In friends who are far away.
    For the lady fair of her knight so true,
      Still remembered the hapless lot:
    And she cherished the flower of brilliant hue,
    And she braided her hair with the blossoms blue
      And then called it “Forget-me-not!”

    _Mant._

       *       *       *       *       *

    To flourish in my favourite bower,
      To blossom round my cot,
    I cultivate the little flower
      They call Forget-me-not.
    This pretty little floweret’s dye
      Of soft cerulean blue,
    Appears as if from Ellen’s eye
      It had received its hue.
    Though oceans now betwixt us roar,
      Though distant be our lot,
    Ellen! though we should meet no more,
      Sweet maid, Forget me not!

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Forget thee, love?--no, not while heaven
      Spans its starred vault across the sky;
    Oh, may I never be forgiven,
      If e’er I cause that heart a sigh!
    Sooner shall the Forget-me-not
      Shun the fringed brook by which it grows,
    And pine for some sequestered spot,
      Where not a silver ripple flows.
    By the blue heaven that bends above me,
    Dearly and fondly do I love thee!
    They fabled not in days of old
      That Love neglected soon will perish,--
    Throughout all time the truth doth hold
      That what we love we ever cherish,
    For when the Sun neglects the Flower,
      And the sweet pearly dews forsake it,
    It hangs its head, and from that hour,
      Prays only unto Death to take it.
    So may I droop, by all above me,
    If once this heart doth cease to love thee!
    The turtle-dove that’s lost its mate,
      Hides in some gloomy greenwood shade,
    And there alone mourns o’er its fate,
      With plumes for ever disarrayed:
    Alone! alone! it there sits cooing:--
      Deem’st thou, my love, what it doth seek?
    ’Tis Death the mournful bird is wooing,
      In murmurs through its plaintive beak.
    So will I mourn, by all above me,
    If in this world I cease to love thee!

    _Miller._




ROSEMARY.... _Remembrance_.


The Rosemary is so often mentioned by our early writers, both in prose,
poetry, and our oldest dramas, that a long article, possessing great
interest to such as love old-fashioned things, might be written upon it.
The Rosemary was used both at their feasts and their funerals,--the
christening-cup was stirred with it, and it was worn at their marriage
ceremonies. Shakspeare has chosen it for the emblem of Remembrance, and
who would attempt to change the meaning of a flower which his genius has
hallowed, or disturb a leaf over which he has breathed his holy
“superstition?”--in memory of him we use the latter word in all
reverence. A few years ago it was customary, in many parts of England,
to plant slips of Rosemary over the dead; nor has the practice yet
fallen altogether into disuse--rural cemeteries will revive these
ancient customs. Shakspeare chose the Rosemary as the emblem of
affectionate remembrance, for its flowering in winter,--a very poetic
and touching allusion. The sweet maniac, Ophelia, says,

    There’s Rosemary, “That for remembrance,
    I pray you love, remember.”

    I loved thee, and must love thee still,
      In memory of the past
    Amid whate’er of earthly ill
      My future lot is cast!
    E’er in my boyhood’s sunny prime,
    When brightly from the urn of Time
      Life’s golden moments fell,
    Thou wert a peri to my eyes,
    Sent from Love’s own sweet paradise,
      In my young heart to dwell.

    _New York Mirror._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Remember me, I pray; but not
      In Flora’s gay and blooming hour,
    When every brake hath found its note,
      And sunshine smiles in every flower;
    But when the falling leaf is sere,
      And withers sadly from the tree,
    And o’er the ruins of the year
      Cold autumn weeps,--remember me.

    _Edward Everett._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The north wind howls; but, sheltered safe, and warm,
      Howl as it may, we feel secure from danger:
    The fire burns blue, “betokening a storm”--
      A brand falls down, “precursor of a stranger.”
    My thoughtful mind runs o’er the track of years,
      When, tongs in hand, at our old hearth I sat,
    And poked the embers, till my mother’s fears
      Broke in upon the usual social chat,
    “You’ll fire the chimney, son!” The sparks would fly,
      Like little lumps of lightning up the flue,
    And snap and crackle as they soared on high,
      As if they felt some pleasure in it too!
    That fire is out--that hearth is cold--and they
    Who felt its pleasant warmth have mostly passed away.

    _MacKellar._




ANEMONE.... _Forsaken_.


Anemone was a nymph, beloved by Zephyr. Flora, jealous of her, banished
her from her court and transformed her into a flower, that blows before
the return of spring. Zephyr has abandoned this unhappy beauty to the
rude caresses of Boreas, who, unable to gain her love, harshly shakes
her, half opens her blossoms, and causes her immediately to fade. An
Anemone, with these words, _Brevis est usus_--“Her reign is short”--is
touchingly expressive of the transitory nature of beauty.

In spring the green woods of merry England are covered with the flowers
of the Anemone. Turn the eye whichever way you will, there it greets you
like “a pleasant thought;” it forms a bed of flowers around the foot of
the mighty oak, and below the tangling brambles, which you may peep
between, but cannot pass,--there, also, are its pearly blossoms bending.
The Greeks named it the flower of the Wind, and so plentiful is it in
our country that we might fancy the breeze had blown it everywhere. The
gaudy Anemone of the garden, the emblem of forsaken love, is known to
all; but our favourites are the uncultivated offspring of the windy
woods, which come long before the broad green leaves hang overhead to
shelter them.

       *       *       *       *       *

    All flowers will droop in absence of the sun
    That waked their sweets.

    _Dryden._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Farewell! I’ve loved thee much!--I feel
      That my idolatry was deep;
    I know my heart can never heal,
      Till in the grave my passions sleep.
    Yet I upbraid thee not, my love;
      ’Twas all I had to offer thee,
      Love in its own simplicity.
    How could I deem thou wouldst approve?
    How hope to draw an angel from above?

    _Willis._




ACACIA.... _Friendship_.


The Acacia is a native of North America, from Canada to the Carolinas,
and was consecrated by the Indians to the goddess of chaste love. Their
bows were made of the incorruptible wood of this tree, and their arrows
were pointed with its thorns. About a century ago, this tree was
introduced into France by Robin, the botanist. It is a large, handsome
tree, of quick growth, elegant foliage, and beautiful, rose-coloured
blossoms.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Celestial happiness! Whene’er she stoops
    To visit earth, one shrine the goddess finds,
    And one alone, to make her sweet amends
    For absent heaven--the bosom of a friend,
    Where heart meets heart, reciprocally soft,
    Each other’s pillow to repose divine.

    _Young._

       *       *       *       *       *

                          The friend
    Who smiles when smoothing down the lonely couch,
    And does kind deeds, which any one can do
    Who has a feeling spirit,--such a friend
    Heals with a searching balsam.

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

                        Lay this into your breast:
    Old friends, like old swords, still are trusted best.

    _Webster._

       *       *       *       *       *

                    O summer friendship,
    Whose flattering leaves, that shadowed us in
    Our prosperity, with the least gust drop off
    In the autumn of adversity!

    _Massinger._

       *       *       *       *       *

      When thou art near,
    The sweetest joys still sweeter seem,
      The brightest hopes more bright appear,
    And life is all one happy dream,
      When thou art near.

    _Robert Sweney._

       *       *       *       *       *

    That friendship’s raised on sand,
    Which every sudden gust of discontent,
    Or flowing of our passions, can change
    As if it ne’er had been.

    _Massinger._




MOSS.... _Maternal Love_.


Moss is selected to be the emblem of maternal love, because, like that
love, it glads the heart when the winter of adversity overtakes us, and
when summer friends have deserted us. Rousseau, so long the prey of his
own passions, and tormented by those of other men, soothed the latter
years of his life by the study of nature. The Mosses, in particular,
attracted his attention. It is these, he would say, that give a look of
youth and freshness to the fields, at the moment when the flowers have
gone to their graves. In winter the Mosses offer to the eye of the lover
of nature their carpet of emerald green, their secret nuptials, and the
charming mysteries of the urns and amphoræ which enclose their
posterity. It is asserted that without the Mosses, part of our globe
would be uninhabitable. At the northern extremity of the earth, the
Laplanders cover their subterranean abodes with Moss, and thus defy the
longest and most terrible winters. Their numerous herds of reindeer have
no other food, yet they supply their owners with delicious milk,
nutritious flesh, and warm clothing; thus combining for the poor
Laplander all the advantages that we derive from the horse, cow, and
sheep.

       *       *       *       *       *

                              There is none
    In all this cold and hollow world, no fount
    Of deep, strong, deathless love, save that within
    A mother’s heart.

    _Mrs. Hemans._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The docile, swift Reindeer! Oh, when I was a child,
    I loved all strange fantastic tales, the wondrous and the wild;
    I read about the “Hundred Nights,” in the Arabian Tales,
    That tell of Genii, sprites, and dwarfs, of gold and diamond vales.
    I read of Eastern gardens and palaces so rare,
    And of Sultans and Sultanas, the cruel and the fair.
    I read of Robin Crusoe! Ah! how I loved that book!
    Nor even yet hath its strong charm wholly my mind forsook.
    I read of voyages without end; of travels many too,
    And fairy-tales and story-books--of these, good sooth, not few.
    But I remember, more than all, I loved to think and hear
    Of thee--thou strong and beautiful--thou swift and good Reindeer!
    I remember in my earliest home, a dim antique beaufet,
    And high upon its many shelves, things manifold were set.
    Some piles of dark old books there were, amid the motley crowd,
    And when tall enough to reach them, oh! glad was I, and proud.
    And there I found old Æsop, whose fables we all know,
    And Cookery-books of ancient dates, most grim and well worn too.
    These I just peeped at, and put back--and still went groping on
    Deep into that small mine of wealth that I so late had won.
    Soon with some daring tugs, I brought a lumbering volume slap
    Down on the floor! I sat down too, and dragged it on my lap.
    The binding was antique and worn--the title-page was out,
    And yet the treasure won from me a child’s exultant shout;
    For there were pictures many, of beast, and fish, and bird;
    And _thou_ wert there, thou good Reindeer, of whom so much I’d heard.
    And that great heavy ancient book was such a prize to me!
    It told me of the monstrous whale, and the small good honey-bee;
    It told me of the elephant, the tiger, the gazelle,
    Of the vast luxuriant jungles, and the lone, bright desert well;
    Of humming-birds that sip the dew of flowers as they fly,
    Of prairies wild, and wide, and green; of snowy mountains high:
    I read there of the Northern sea, where iceberg islands float,
    And crush the great three-masted ship, as ’twere a cockle-boat;
    I read about the harmless seals, and the shaggy Polar bear,
    And the mighty troops of hungry wolves that roam and riot there.
    I read of Nature’s glorious works, and wondering went on,
    And found before me pleasures, whose round will ne’er be done.
    And in my good old-fashioned book I read of herb and tree,
    That were food for man, and beast and bird, and for the honey-bee.
    I read of grove-like banyans, of cedars broad and tall,
    Of the lofty towering palm, and the Moss and lichen small.
    And then I found how wondrously the poor Reindeer was fed,
    When over all his frozen land deep winter’s snow lay spread;
    How GOD had bid the barren ground produce this strange small thing,
    On which whole countless herds of deer are ever pasturing:
    How, in the woods of scattered pine abundantly it grows,
    And clothes the earth for many a mile beneath the trackless snows;
    How the sagacious Reindeer delves, and scents his onward way,
    Till he reaches his scant mossy food, that doth his toil repay.
    Oh! see him with his master’s sledge! How swift they glide along,
    Like a bird, or a fairy car I’ve read of, in some quaint old song.
    Away! o’er the boundless snowy waste, so glittering and bright:
    Away!--through the dark pine forest, as gloomy as the night:
    Away o’er the frozen lake, the river, and the fen,
    Away! Away!--Ye have winsome steeds, ye little Lapland men!
    Ay, winsome steeds in sooth, with their antlers branched and high;
    So sure of foot, and swift of pace, they truly seem to fly.
    Ye need no palace-stables, no saucy pampered grooms,
    To stretch your cracking purse-strings, and strut in liveried plumes;
    No heavy half-year’s bills, for oats, beans, straw, and hay.
    The forest yields them lodgment, and food, where’er they stray.
    And thus we find, in every clime, things beautiful and fair,
    Each fitted to fulfil its task of use and beauty there;
    And I remember thinking so, when, a little child, I read
    The history of the good Reindeer, and the Moss whereon they fed.

    _Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Mother! dear mother! the feelings nurst
    As I hung at thy bosom, clung round thee first.
    ’Twas the earliest link in love’s warm chain--
    ’Tis the only one that will long remain:
    And as year by year, and day by day,
    Some friend still trusted drops away,
    Mother! dear mother! oh! dost thou see
    How the shortened chain brings me nearer thee?

    _Willis._

       *       *       *       *       *

Bishop Mant thus describes the place where Mosses grow:--

    On upland hill, in lowland vale,
    And where the frigid vapours sail,
    Mantling the Alpine mountain hoar,
    On granite-rock, or boggy moor,
    On peat-clad marsh, or sandy heath,
    On hillock’s grassy slope; beneath
    The hedge-road fence, and on the bank,
    Fringed with the plumed osier dank,
    Of streamlet, pool, or waterfall;
    On wave-washed stone, on plastered wall;
    On tree of forest, or of fruit,
    The bark-clad trunk, the heaving root;
    Or where the spring with oozing slime
    Slides trickling down the rifted lime;
    Or where the grav’ly pathway leads
    Through shady woods, o’er plashy meads:--
    Exulting in the wintry cold,
    Their cups the mossy tribes unfold;
    Fringed, and beneath a coping hid
    Of filmy veil, and convex lid,
    On many a thread-like stalk, bespread
    With yellow, brown, or crimson red,
    In contrast to the leaves of green,
    A velvet carpet, where the queen
    Of fairies might in triumph lie
    And view the elvish revelry;
    Soft as the cygnet’s downy plume,
    Or produce of the silkworm’s loom,
    Survey them by the unaided eye,
    And, if the seeds within you lie
    Of love for natural beauty true,
    They’ll shoot enlivened at the view
    Of hair or feather-mantled stem,
    The waving stalk, the fringed gem,
    Enveloping its chaliced fruit;
    So fair, so perfect, so minute,
    That bursting forth, the seeds may seem
    A floating cloud of vapoury steam.
    Or by the microscopic glass
    Surveyed, you’ll see how far surpass
    The works of nature, in design,
    And texture delicately fine,
    And perfectness of every part,
    Each effort of mimetic art.

    A mother’s love--how sweet the name!
      What is a mother’s love?
    --A noble, pure, and tender flame,
      Enkindled from above,
    To bless a heart of earthly mould;
    The warmest love that can grow cold;
      This is a mother’s love.

    _Montgomery._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Dear mother, of the thousand strings which waken
      The sleeping harp within the human heart,
    The longest kept in tune, though oft forsaken,
      Is that in which the mother’s voice bears part;
    Her still small voice bids e’en the careless ear
    To turn with deep and pure delight to hear.

    _Miss E. J. Eames._




DANDELION.... _The Rustic Oracle_.


The Dandelion is the most common of flowers. It is found in the four
quarters of the globe, near the pole as beneath the equator, on the
margin of rivers and streams as well as on sterile rocks. It serves the
shepherd instead of a clock, while its feathery tufts are his barometer,
predicting calm or storm. The globes formed by the seeds of the
Dandelion are used for other purposes. If you are separated from the
object of your love, pluck one of those feathery spheres, charge each of
the little feathers with a tender thought; turn toward the spot where
the loved one dwells; blow, and the aërial travellers will faithfully
convey your secret message to his or her feet. If you wish to know if
that dear one is thinking of you, blow again; and if a single aigrette
is left upon the stalk, it is a proof that you are not forgotten.

                    As thinks
    The mariner of home,
    When doomed through many a dreary waste
    Of waters yet to roam,--
    Thus doth my spirit turn to thee,
    My guiding star o’er life’s wild sea.

    _Mrs. Embury._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Dandelion, with globe of down,
    The schoolboy’s clock in every town,
    Which the truant puffs amain,
    To conjure lost hours back again.

    _Howitt._




PIMPERNEL.... _The Weather-glass_.


THE COUNTRY MAID AND THE PIMPERNEL FLOWER.

    “I’ll go and peep at the Pimpernel,
    And see if she think the clouds look well;
        For if the sun shine,
        And ’tis like to be fine,
        I shall go to the fair,
        For my sweetheart is there:
    So, Pimpernel, what bode the clouds and the sky?
    If fair weather, no maiden so merry as I.”

    Now the Pimpernel flower had folded up
    Her little gold star in her coral cup,
        And unto the maid
        Thus her warning said:
        “Though the sun smile down,
        There’s a gathering frown
    O’er the checkered blue of the clouded sky;
    So tarry at home, for a storm is nigh.”

    The maid first looked sad and then looked cross,
    Gave her foot a fling, and her head a toss;
        “Say you so, indeed,
        You mean little weed?
        You’re shut up for spite,
        For the blue sky is bright,
    To more credulous people your warnings tell,
    I’ll away to the fair;--good day, Pimpernel.”

    “Stay at home! quoth the flower?--In sooth, not I;
    I’ll don my straw hat with a silken tie;
        O’er my neck so fair
        I’ll a kerchief wear,
        White, chequered with pink,
        And then--let me think,
    I’ll consider my gown, for I’d fain look well:”
    So saying, she stepped o’er the Pimpernel.

    Now the wise little flower, wrapped safe from harm,
    Sat fearlessly waiting the coming storm;
        Just peeping between
        Her snug cloak of green,
        Lay folded up tight,
        Her robe so bright;
    Though ’broidered with purple, and starred with gold,
    No eye might its bravery then behold.

    The fair maiden straight donned her best array,
    And forth to the festival hied away;
        But scarce had she gone
        Ere the storm came on;
        And, ’mid thunder and rain,
        She cried oft and again,
    “Oh! would I had minded yon boding flower,
    And were safe at home from the pelting shower.”

    Now, maidens, the tale that I tell would say,
    Don’t don fine clothes on a doubtful day,
    Nor ask advice, when, like many more,
    You had “made up your minds” some time before.

    _Louisa A. Twamley._




POPPY.... _Consolation_.


The Red Poppy is the floral symbol of consolation. The White Poppy is
supposed to express, “My bane, my antidote.” The juice extracted from
these plants is employed to soothe the restless invalid to sleep, and to
ease the pangs of disease. According to the mythology of the Grecians,
the Poppy owed its origin to Ceres, who created it to assuage her grief,
during her search after her daughter Proserpine, who was carried off by
Pluto. The Poppy is extensively cultivated in Europe, for the purpose of
making opium from it. Many species are cultivated in the garden. The
double flowers possess surpassing beauty, whether we consider their
delicate texture, elegance of shape, or variety of colouring. In the
time of Gesner, the celebrated botanist of Switzerland, the village
Damons and Chloes proved the sincerity of their lovers by placing in the
hollow of the palm of the left-hand, a petal, or flower-leaf of the
Poppy, which, on being struck by the other hand, was broken with a sharp
sound, which denoted true attachment; but faithlessness, when it failed
to snap.

       *       *       *       *       *

    The world has closed its eyes and fallen asleep;
      And GOD looks down from His eternal throne
    And shuts the eye that long was wont to weep,
      And makes the wretched feel they’re not alone.

    _MacKellar._

PRIDE AND THE POPPIES.--THEIR GRANDEUR AND FALL.

    “We little Red-caps are among the corn,
    Merrily dancing at early morn,
    We know that the farmer hates to see
    Our saucy red faces; but here are we!

    “We pay no price for our summer coats,
    Like those slavish creatures, barley and oats;
    We don’t choose to be ground and eat,
    Like our heavy-head neighbour, Gaffer Wheat.

    “Who dare thrash _us_, we should like to know!
    Grind us, and bag us, and use us so!
    Let meaner and shabbier things than we
    So stupidly bend to utility!”

    So said little Red-cap, and all the rout
    Of the Poppy-clan set up a mighty shout;
    Mighty for them, but if _you_ had heard
    You had thought it the cry of a tiny bird.

    So the Poppy-folk flaunted it over the field,
    In pride of grandeur they nodded and reeled;
    And shook out their jackets, till naught was seen,
    But a wide, wide shimmer of scarlet and green.

    The Blue-bottle sat on her downy stalk,
    Quietly smiling at all their talk.
    The Marigold still spread her rays to the sun,
    And the purple Vetch climbed up to peep at the fun.

    The whimsical Bugloss, vain, beautiful thing,
    Whose flowers, like the orient butterfly’s wing,
    Are deep, glowing azure, was eager to shed
    O’er her yet unoped buds a delicate red;

    First crimson, then purple, then loveliest blue;
    E’en thrice doth she change her chameleon hue;
    And she pities the flowers that grow merrily by,
    Because in one dress they must bud, bloom, and die.

    The homely Corn-cockle cared nothing, not she,
    For the arrogance, bluster, and poor vanity
    Of the proud Poppy-tribe, but she flourished and grew,
    Content with herself, and her plain purple hue.

    The sun went down, and rose bright on the morrow,
    To some bringing joy, and to others e’en sorrow,
    But blithe was the rich rosy farmer that morn
    When he went with his reapers among the corn.

    Forth went they betimes, a right merry band,
    The sickles were glancing in each strong hand,
    And the wealthy farmer came trotting along,
    On his stiff little pony, mid whistle and song.

    He trotted along, and he cracked his joke,
    And chatted and laughed with the harvest-folk;
    For the weather was settled, barometers high,
    And heavy crops gladdened his practised eye.

    “We’ll cut this barley to-day,” quoth he,
    As he tied his white pony under a tree,
    “Next to the upland wheat, and then the oats.”
    How the Poppies shook in their scarlet coats!

    Ay, shook with laughter, not fear, for they
    Never dreamed they too should be swept away,
    And their laughter was spite, to think that all
    Their “useful” neighbours were doomed to fall.

    They swelled and bustled with such an air,
    The corn-fields quite in commotion were,
    And the farmer cried, glancing across the grain,
    “How those rascally weeds have come up again!”

    “Ha! ha!” laughed the Red-caps, “ha! ha! what a fuss
    Must the poor _weeds_ be in! how they’re envying _us_!”
    But their mirth was cut short by the sturdy strokes
    They speedily met from the harvest-folks.

    And when low on the earth each stem was laid,
    And the round moon looked on the havoc made,
    A Blue-bottle propped herself half erect,
    And made a short-speech--to this effect.

    “My dying kins-flowers, and fainting friends,
    The same dire fate alike attends
    Those who in scarlet or blue are dressed;
    Then how silly the pride that so late possessed

    “Our friends the Red-caps! how low they lie,
    Who were lately so pert, and vain, and high!
    They sneered at us and our plain array;
    Are we now a whit more humbled than they?

    “They scorned our neighbours:--the goodly corn
    Was the butt of their merriment eve and morn,
    They lived on its land, from its bounty fed,
    But a word of thanks they never have said.

    “And which is the worthiest now, I pray?
    Have ye not learned enough to-day?
    Is not the corn sheafed up with care,
    And are not the Poppies left dying there?

    “The corn will be carried and garnered up
    To gladden man’s heart both with loaf and cup;
    And some of the seed the land now yields
    Will be brought again to its native fields,

    “And grow and ripen and wave next year
    As richly as this hath ripened here;
    And we poor weeds, though needed not,
    Perchance may spring on this very spot.

    “But let us be thankful and humble too;
    Not proud and vain of a gaudy hue,
    Ever remembering, though meanly drest,
    That _usefulness_ is of all gifts the best.”

    _Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Will you drink of this fountain, and sorrow forget?
    Has the past been so blest that you hesitate yet?
    Can love, when ’tis slighted, still cherish a token,
    Or hearts still forgive, that unkindness has broken?

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

    From a Poppy I have taken
    Mortal’s balm and mortal’s bane;
    Juice that, creeping through the heart,
    Deadens every sense of smart;
    Doomed to heal or doomed to kill,
    Fraught with good or fraught with ill.

    _Mrs. Robinson._




ACANTHUS.... _The Arts_.


The Acanthus blooms in greatest perfection by the great rivers of hot
climates. Among the ancients, it was a favourite, and they adorned their
furniture, vases, and costly dresses, with its elegant leaves. When any
obstacle obstructs the growth of the Acanthus, it puts forth fresh force
and grows with additional vigour. Thus genius is strengthened by the
difficulties which it cannot overcome. Callimachus, an ancient
architect, derived the idea of the Corinthian capital, from seeing the
leaves of an Acanthus surrounding a basket which had been set upon the
ground, and impeded the regular growth of the plant.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Tired at first sight with what the muse imparts,
    In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts,
    While from the bounded level of our mind
    Short views we take, nor see the length behind;
    But, more advanced, behold with strange surprise
    New distant scenes of endless science rise.

    _Pope._

       *       *       *       *       *

    For though I must confess an artist can
    Contrive things better than another man,
    Yet when the task is done, he finds his pains
    Sought but to fill his belly with his brains.
    Is this the guerdon due to liberal arts,
    To admire the head and then to starve the parts?
    Timely prevention though discreetly used
    Before the fruits of knowledge were abused.
    When learning has incurred a fearful damp,
    To save our oil, ’tis good to quench the lamp.

    _Lady Alimony._

       *       *       *       *       *

    She had read
    Her father’s well-filled library with profit,
    And could talk charmingly. Then she would sing,
    And play too, passably, and dance with spirit.
    She sketched from nature well, and studied flowers,
    Which was enough alone to love her for.
    Yet she was knowing in all needlework,
    And shone in dairy and in kitchen too,
    As in the parlour.

    _James N. Barker._

       *       *       *       *       *

                      Art became the shadow
    Of the dear star-light of thy haunting eyes!
    They called me vain, some mad--I heeded not,
    But still toiled on, hoped on, for it was surest,
    If not to win, to feel more worthy thee.

    _Bulwer._




VALERIAN.... _An accommodating Disposition_.


The Valerian was called by some of the old English writers the Setewale.
It is generally found growing by ruined walls or buildings, and from the
facility with which it propagates in these situations, it is made the
emblem of an accommodating disposition. The root of the Valerian is
considered a valuable remedy for many of those ailments which spring
from luxurious living. It exerts a peculiar influence on the nervous
system, revives the spirits, and strengthens the sight. The Valerian is
too large and scrambling a plant to hold a place in the parterre of
choice flowers.

       *       *       *       *       *

    How much more happy is that sweet estate,
      That neither creeps too low nor soars too high;
    Which yields no matter for contempt or hate,
      Which others not disdain, nor yet envy,
    Which neither does nor takes an injury,
      But living to itself in sweet content,
      Is neither abject, nor yet insolent.

    _1629. Herbert._

       *       *       *       *       *

    My country, sir, is not a single spot
    Of such a mould, or fixed to such a clime.

    _Miller._




MARVEL OF PERU.... _Timidity_.


The Marvel is a native of Peru, and receives its name from the wonderful
diversity of colours in flowers of the same root;

    Changing from the splendid rose
    To the pale violet’s dejected hue.

    _Akenside._

This plant retains its beauty for a great length of time, being
frequently covered with blossoms from the beginning of July to the end
of October. It is chosen as the emblem of timidity, because the flowers
are too timid to expand during the day, and open and give out their
fragrance at night.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Sure, ’twas his modesty. He might have thriven
    Much better possibly, had his ambition
    Been greater much. They ofttimes take more pains
    Who look for pins, than those who find out stars.

    _John Fountain._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I pity bashful men, who feel the pain
    Of fancied scorn and undeserved disdain,
    And bear the marks upon a blushing face
    Of needless shame and self-imposed disgrace.

    _Cowper._

       *       *       *       *       *

    “Call back your odours, lonely flowers,
      From the night-wind call them back;
    And fold your leaves till the laughing hours
      Come forth in the sunbeam’s track.
    The lark lies couched in her grassy nest,
      And the honey-bee is gone;
    And all bright things are away to rest--
      Why watch ye here alone?”
    Nay, let our shadowy beauty bloom,
      When the stars give quiet light;
    And let us offer our faint perfume
      On the silent shrine of night.
    Call it not wasted the scent we lend
      To the breeze when no step is nigh;
    Oh! thus for ever the earth should send
      Her grateful breath on high!
    And love us as emblems, night’s dewy flowers,
      Of hopes unto sorrows given,
    That spring through the gloom of the darkest hours,
      Looking alone to Heaven.

    _Mrs. Hemans._

       *       *       *       *       *

    That modest grace subdued my soul,
    That chastity of look which seems to hang
    A veil of purest light o’er all her beauties,
    And by forbidding most inflames desire.

    _Young._

       *       *       *       *       *

    He saw her charming, but he saw not half
    The charms her downcast modesty concealed.

    _Thomson._

[Illustration: ROSE BUD, YELLOW LILY, LILAC

_I confess Your majestic beauty Has awakened my first emotions of
love._]




STOCK.... _Lasting Beauty_.


The Stock has been made the emblem of lasting beauty; because, though it
is less graceful than the rose, and less majestic than the lily, its
splendour is more durable, and its fragrance of longer continuance. Few
flowering plants have been so much and so rapidly improved by
cultivation as the Stock. Within the last two centuries, its nature has
been almost entirely changed by the florist; and it is now a shrub whose
branches are covered with blossoms little inferior in dimensions to the
rose. Stocks are produced of various colours, but the bright red or
carmine must ever remain the favourite variety. The principal branches
of this fragrant family are the Ten-week Stock, so named from flowering
about ten weeks after it is sown; and the Brompton, which does not bloom
till about twelve months after sowing, and was first cultivated in the
neighbourhood of Brompton, England.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Without the smile from partial beauty won,
    Oh, what were man!--a world without a sun!

    _Campbell._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Beauty has gone; but yet her mind is still
    As beautiful as ever; still the play
    Of light around her lips has every charm
    Of childhood in its freshness.

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The lily may die on thy cheek,
      With freshness no longer adorning;
    The rose that envelopes its whiteness may seek
      To take back her mantle of morning;
    Yet still will Love’s tenderness beam from thine eye,
    And ask for that homage no heart can deny.

    _Dawes._

       *       *       *       *       *

                The glory of the human form
    Is but a perishing thing, and Love will droop
    When its brief grace hath faded. But the mind
    Perisheth not, and when the outward charm
    Hath had its brief existence, it awakes,
    And is the lovelier that it slept so long.

    _Willis._

                          Beauty lies
      As naturally upon his cheek as bloom
    Upon a peach. Like morning vapour, flies
      Before his smile my mind’s infrequent gloom.
    We tremble when we think that many a storm
      May beat upon him in the time to come,--
    That his now beautiful and fragile form
      May bear a burden sore and wearisome.
    Yet, so the stain of guiltiness and shame
    Be never placed upon his soul and name,--
      So he preserve his virtue though he die,--
    And to his GOD, his race, his country prove
      A faithful man, whom praise nor gold can buy,
    Nor threats of vile, designing men can move,--
    We ask no more.

    _MacKellar._




SCARLET GERANIUM.... _Stupidity_.


There are many varieties of the Geranium, distinguished by the shape and
hue of the flowers and leaves, and the difference in their fragrance.
The Scarlet Geranium is a very beautiful flower, but its scent is
disagreeable. The following anecdote will give the reason of its being
chosen as the emblem of stupidity. Madame de Staël was always angry when
any of her acquaintance attempted to introduce a stupid person into her
company. One day, one of her friends ventured to bring to her a young
Swiss officer of most prepossessing exterior. The lady, pleased with his
appearance, was very lively, and said a thousand flattering things to
the new-comer, who seemed at first to be struck mute by surprise and
admiration. When, however, he had listened to her for above an hour
without opening his lips, she began to suspect the cause of his silence,
and put to him such direct questions that he could not help answering.
His answers were extremely silly! Madame de Staël, vexed at having
thrown away her time and her wit, turned to her friend and said:
“Indeed, sir, you are like my gardener, who thought to do me a pleasure
by bringing me this morning a pot of Geranium: but I can tell you that I
made him take back the flower, desiring him not to let me see it any
more.” “And why so?” asked the young man in astonishment. “It was, since
you wish to know, because the Geranium is a beautiful scarlet flower;
while you look at it, it pleases the eye; but when you press it ever so
slightly, it gives out a disagreeable smell.” So saying, Madame de Staël
rose and went out of the room, leaving the young fool abashed and in
confusion.

       *       *       *       *       *

    This fellow is wise enough to play the fool;
    And to do that well, craves a kind of wit.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Your blunderer is as sturdy as a rock,
    The creature is so sure to kick and bite,
    A muleteer’s the man to set him right.
    First appetite enlists him truth’s sworn foe,
    Then obstinate self-will confirms him so.
    Tell him he wanders; that his error leads
    To fatal ill; that though the path he treads
    Be flowery, and he see no cause of fear,
    Death and the pains of hell attend him there.
    In vain the slave of arrogance and pride,
    He has no hearing on the prudent side.
    His still refuted quirks he still repeats;
    New raised objections with new quibbles meets;
    Till sinking in the quicksand he defends,
    He dies disputing, and the contest ends.

    _Cowper._

       *       *       *       *       *

    A set o’ dull conceited hashes,
    Confuse their brains in college classes!
    They gang in stirks, and come out asses,
            Plain truth to speak;
    An’ syne they think to climb Parnassus
            By dint o’ Greek.
    Gie me a spark o’ Nature’s fire,
    That’s a’ the learning I desire;
    Then tho’ I drudge thro’ dub an’ mire
            At pleugh or cart,
    My muse, tho’ hamely in attire,
            May touch the heart.

    _Burns._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The man who looks around him as he walks
      Sees objects often wonderful and new;
    And he who thinks while his companion talks
      In time may grow the wiser of the two.
    An open eye--a quick, attentive ear
      Will lead the mind into the ways of knowledge;
      For all the world’s a universal college,
    And every one may be a learner here.
      Experience is the teacher: dear, indeed,
    Her charges are to thoughtless folks and fools;
    But those who follow carefully her rules
      The various tongues of nature learn to read.
    Who seldom ploughs his mind shall reap but little;
      Weeds quickly overspread the fallow soil;
      The toiler may be wearied by his toil,
    But it shall yield sufficiency of victual,
      Enough for his own use, and much to spare.
    To him who hath, abundance shall be given;
      From him who squanders wastefully his share,
    All that he has shall righteously be riven:
      The world shall make a proverb of his name,
      And he shall fill a sepulchre of shame.

    _MacKellar._




OAK GERANIUM.... _Friendship_.


The Oak Geranium does not present so beautiful an appearance as the
scarlet variety; but the pale blue colour of the flower, and the length
of time which it continues in bloom, endear it to us as the emblem of
true friendship.

       *       *       *       *       *

    What though on Love’s altar the flame that is glowing
      Is brighter?--yet Friendship’s is steadier far!
    One wavers and turns with each breeze that is blowing,
      And is but a meteor,--the other’s a star!
            In youth Love’s light
            Burns warm and bright,
      But dies ere the winter of age be past,--
            While Friendship’s flame
            Burns ever the same,
    And glows but the brighter, the nearer its last!

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thanks to my stars, I have not ranged about
    The wilds of life, ere I could find a friend:
    Nature first pointed out my brother to me,
    And early taught me, by her sacred force,
    To love thy person, ere I knew thy merit,
    Till what was instinct grew up into friendship.
    Ours has severest virtue for its basis,
    And such a friendship ends not but with life.

    _Addison._

       *       *       *       *       *

    O! Friendship! in thy constant ray,
      My heart is cheered and cannot sink,
    Though gloom and storm around me play
      And I am pressed to death’s cold brink!

    _Peerbold._

       *       *       *       *       *

                              The friend
    Who smiles when smoothing down the lonely couch,
    And does kind deeds, which any one can do
    Who has a feeling spirit,--such a friend
    Heals with a searching balsam.

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Delightful is an evening’s cheerful chat
      With pleasant friends, especially to one
      Who has been long away. The minutes run
    With speed that all the talkers marvel at.
      So much to talk about--so much to tell--
    So many sleeping memories to awaken--
      The various fates that absent friends befell--
    Whom time has spared, and whom the grave has taken;
      The tear to shed for those who’ve passed away--
      The sigh to breathe for those who’ve gone astray--
    Our times of darkness, and our days of light--
      Our purposes and plans for coming years--
      Our heavenly hopes, our earthly human fears--
    And lo! ’tis time to say, “Good-night, dear friends, good-night!”

    _MacKellar._




TUBEROSE.... _Dangerous Love_.


The superb Tuberose is a native of the East Indies and South America,
and was introduced into Europe in 1632. It has since spread all over the
world. The flower is of a white colour, sometimes tinged with a blush of
pink. Its perfume is delicious and powerful; but if you would enjoy it
without danger, keep at some distance from the plant. If you come with
the object of your affection to inhale its perfume by moonlight, when
the nightingale is pouring forth its ravishing melody, these odours will
add an inexpressible charm to your enjoyment; but, if, regardless of the
precepts of moderation, you approach too near, this divine flower will
then be but an enchantress who will pour a dangerous poison into your
bosom. Thus the love which comes from above purifies and exalts; but
that which springs from earth debases and proves the bane of imprudent
youth.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Yes, Love is but a dangerous guest
      For hearts as young as thine,
    Where youth’s unshadowed joys should rest,
      Life’s spring-time fancies shine.
    Then, sweetest, leave the wildering dream,
      Till Time has nerved thy heart
    To brook the fitful cloud and gleam,
      Which must in love have part.

    _Mrs. Osgood._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Tuberose, with her silvery light,
      That in the gardens of Malay
    Is called the mistress of the night,
    So like a bride, scented and bright,
      She comes out when the sun’s away.

    _Moore._

       *       *       *       *       *

    If all the world and love were young,
    And truth in every shepherd’s tongue,
    These pleasures might my passions move,
    To live with thee and be thy love.
    So fading flowers in every field,
    To winter floods their treasures yield;
    A honeyed tongue, a heart of gall,
    Is fancy’s spring, but sorrow’s fall.

    _Sir Walter Raleigh._

       *       *       *       *       *

                Instability and change are written
    On us and all our works. The loveliest things,
      When full of promise, oftentimes are smitten;
    And sweetest roses foster hidden stings.
      The world, if loved too well, doth ever pall,
    And the poor fool who set his heart thereon
      Is doomed to see his hope in ruins fall,
    Its frail foundation undermined and gone.

    _MacKellar._




DAHLIA.... _Elegance and Dignity_.


The Dahlia is a native of South America, but is now extensively
cultivated in Europe and North America. The shrub grows to a
considerable height, and the flowers are large and beautiful. The most
common colours are crimson and purple. No more appropriate emblem of
elegance and dignity of carriage could have been selected. These
qualities strike us at the first view of the Dahlia.

       *       *       *       *       *

    I loved thee for thy high-born grace,
      Thy deep and lustrous eye--
    For the sweet meaning of thy brow,
      And for thy bearing high.
    I loved thee for thy stainless truth,
      Thy thirst for higher things,
    For all that to our common lot
      A better temper brings.
    And are they not all thine--still thine?
      Is not thy heart as true?
    Holds not thy step its noble grace?
      Thy cheek its dainty hue?
    And have I not an ear to hear?
      And a cloudless eye to see--
    And a thirst for beautiful human thought,
      That first was stirred by thee?

    _Willis._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Why, a stranger--when he sees her,
    In the street even smileth stilly,
    Just as you would at a lily.

    _Miss Barrett._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Her grace of motion and of look, the smooth
    And swimming majesty of step and tread,
    The symmetry of form and feature, set
    The soul afloat, even like delicious airs
    Of flute and harp.

    _Milman._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Her glossy hair was clustered o’er a brow
    Bright with intelligence, and fair and smooth;
    Her eyebrow’s shape was like the aërial bow,
    Her cheek all purple with the beam of youth,
    Mounting, at times, to a transparent glow,
    As if her veins ran lightning.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Do but look on her eyes! they do light
      All that love’s world compriseth;
    Do but look on her hair! it is bright
      As love’s star, when it riseth!
    Do but mark,--her forehead’s smoother
    Than words that soothe her!
    And from her arched brows such a grace
    Sheds itself through the face,
    As alone there triumphs to the life,
    All the gain, all the good, of the element’s strife.

    _Jonson._




CAMELLIA JAPONICA.... _Modest Merit_.


The Camellia Japonica is a native of China and Japan. It is a large,
evergreen tree. The flowers are large, of the form of a rose of
variegated hues--the red prevailing--and without fragrance. It is made
the emblem of modest worth, because, as Roscoe observes, “it boasts no
fragrance, and conceals no thorn.”

       *       *       *       *       *

    Let other bards of angels sing,
      Bright suns without a spot;
    But thou art no such perfect thing,
      Rejoice that thou art not.
    True beauty dwells in deep retreats,
      Whose veil is unremoved;
    Till heart with heart in concord beats,
      And the lover is beloved.

    _Wordsworth._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh, that estates, degrees, and offices,
    Were not derived corruptly! and that dear honour
    Were purchased by the merit of the wearer!
    How many then should cover, that stand bare?
    How many be commanded, that command?
    How much low peasantry would then be gleaned
    From the true seed of honour? and how much honour
    Picked from the chaff and ruin of the times,
    To be new varnished?

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    There’s a proud modesty in merit!
    Averse from asking, and resolved to pay
    Ten times the gift it asks.

    _Dryden._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh, your desert speaks loud; and I should wrong it,
    To lock it in the wards of covert bosom;
    When it deserves with characters of brass
    A forted residence ’gainst the tooth of time,
    And razure of oblivion.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thine is a mind of maiden artlessness!
      Unstained, undarkened, by the dross of earth;
    A soul, that through thine eyes, bright beams express
      Thy nature, e’en as noble as thy birth;
    Whose every glance reflects the gem enshrined,
    Worthy a form so fair; the diamond of the mind.

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

            His resting-place is noted by a stone
    Of whitest marble: truthful words are those
    Inscribed thereon. The scene of his repose
    Befits his life: ’twas beautiful and calm.
    In meekness and in love he went his way,
    Uprightly walking--filling up the day
    With useful deeds. He often poured the balm
    Of healing into wounded breasts; nor sought
    The praise of men in doing good.

    _MacKellar._




THORN-APPLE.... _Deceitful Charms_.


The flowers of the Thorn-Apple droop while the sun shines beneath their
dull-looking foliage, but on the approach of night, they revive, display
their charms, and unfold their prodigious bells, which nature has
coloured with purple, lined with ivory; and to which she has given an
odour that attracts and intoxicates, but is so dangerous as to stupify
those who inhale it even in the open air. It is a dangerous plant to be
allowed to grow where children go, as the beauty of its flowers and
fruit is liable to tempt them to their destruction; since it possesses
so poisonous a quality as to produce paralysis, and even madness, in
those who have eaten it. Its leaves have been recommended for coughs and
asthma. The charms of the Thorn-Apple flower are beautiful, but deadly;
like those of the corrupt and treacherous, to be found in every society.

       *       *       *       *       *

    But pleasures are like poppies spread,
    You seize the flower, its bloom is shed;
    Or like the snow-falls in the river,
    A moment white--then melts for ever;
    Or like the borealis race,
    That flit ere you can point their place;
    Or like the rainbow’s lovely form
    Envanishing amid the storm.

    _Burns._

       *       *       *       *       *

    O serpent heart, hid with a flowering face!
    Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave?

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

                    Get thee glass eyes;
    And like a scurvy politician, seem
    To see the things thou dost not.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

      Women of kind have conditions three:
        The first is,--they be full of deceit,
      To spinne also is their property,
        And women have a wonderful conceit,
      For they can weep oft, and all is a sleight,
    And ever when they list, a tear is in the eye,
    Beware, therefore,--the blind eateth many a fly.

    _Chaucer._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ah, that deceit should steal such gentle shapes,
    And with a virtuous visor hide deep vice!

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Smooth runs the water, where the brook is deep;
    And in his simple show he harbours treason.
    The fox barks not, when he would steal the lamb.
    No, no, my sovereign; Gloster is a man
    Unsounded yet, and full of deep deceit.

    _Shakspeare._




LADY’S SLIPPER.... _Capricious Beauty_.


The Lady’s Slipper is well known in Europe and America. The plant is
small, but produces a considerable number of flowers, of variegated
hues. This flower is made the emblem of capricious beauty, because she
seems,

                ----With her changeful hues,
    As she were doubtful which array to choose.

       *       *       *       *       *

    I saw thee in the gay saloon
      Of Fashion’s glittering mart,
    Where Mammon buys what Love deplores,
      Where Nature yields to Art;
    And thou wert so unlike the herd
      My kindling heart despised,
    I could not choose but yield that heart,
      Though Love were sacrificed.
    The smile which hung upon thy lips,
      In transport with their tone,
    The music of thy thoughts, which breathed
      A magic theirs alone!
    The looks which spake a soul so pure,
      So innocent and gay,
    Have passed, like other golden hopes
      Of happiness, away.

    _Dawes._

       *       *       *       *       *

                                  Her eyes
    Are blue and beautiful, and flash out gleams
    Of diamond light, like that which brightly beams
    On stilly summer nights from starlit skies.
    Her cheeks are tinted with the blushing dyes
    Which Heaven--so wisely bountiful--bestows
    In virgin freshness on the modest rose.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Most fair is e’er most fickle. A fair girl
    Is like a thousand beauteous things of earth,
    But most like them in love of change.

    _Peerbold._

       *       *       *       *       *

    We gaze and turn away, and know not where,
    Dazzled and drunk with beauty, till the heart
    Reels with its fulness.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

                            Beauty gives
    The features perfectness, and to the form
    Its delicate proportions: she may stain
    The eye with a celestial blue--the cheek
    With carmine of the sunset; she may breathe
    Grace into every motion, like the play
    Of the least visible tissue of a cloud:
    She may give all that is within her own
    Bright cestus--and one glance of intellect,
    Like stronger magic, will outshine it all.

    _Willis._




ALTHEA.... _Consumed by Love_.


The name and signification of the Althea is derived from the Grecian
fable of Althea and her son, who lost his life in consequence of his
love for the beautiful Atalanta. His consuming away as the fatal brand
was burning, suggested the emblem of consumed by love. The Althea is a
shrub from five to seven feet in height, and is a native of the East
Indies. The flowers are about the size of the common rose, and either of
a white or pink hue.

       *       *       *       *       *

    There is an all-consuming passion here;
    But ’tis a vestal flame, which worships thee!

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

                            Like Ixion,
    I look on Juno, feel my heart turn to cinders
    With an invisible fire; and yet should she
    Deign to appear clothed in a various cloud,
    The majesty of the substance is so sacred
    I durst not clasp the shadow. I behold her
    With adoration, feast my eye, while all
    My other senses starve; and oft, frequenting
    The place which she makes happy with her presence,
    I never yet had power, with tongue or pen,
    To move her to compassion, or make known
    What ’tis I languish for; yet I must gaze still,
    Though it increase my flame.

    _Massinger._

       *       *       *       *       *

    With thee conversing, I forget all time;
    All seasons and their change, all please alike.

    _Milton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Love is a region full of fires,
    And burning with extreme desires;
    An object seeks, of which possest,
    The wheels are still, the motions rest,
    The flames in ashes lie opprest;
    The meteor, striving high to rise,
    The fuel spent, falls down and dies.

    _Beaumont._

       *       *       *       *       *

    What scenes appear where’er I turn my view!
    The dear ideas, where’er I fly, pursue,
    Rise in the grave, before the altar rise,
    Stain all my soul, and wanton in my eyes.
    I waste the matin lamp in sighs for thee,
    Thy image steals between my God and me;
    Thy voice I seem in every hymn to hear,
    With every bead I drop too soft a tear.
    When from the censer clouds of fragrance roll,
    And swelling organs lift the rising soul,
    One thought of thee puts all the pomp to flight,
    Priests, tapers, temples, swim before my sight:
    In seas of flame my plunging soul is drowned,
    While altars blaze, and angels tremble round.

    _Pope._




LARKSPUR.... _Flights of Fancy_.


Larkspur, Lark’s-claw, Lark-heels, and Lark’s-toe have been given in
allusion to the long spur-like nectary, which has been whimsically
supposed to represent these things, and many more. The Latin name,
_Delphinium_, is from the Greek, Dolphin, because the nectary was
thought like that fish. The French call it _Dauphinelle_, _pied
d’alouette_, _l’épéron de chevalier_, (knight’s spur;) and the Italian,
_speronella_, (little spur,) _sperone di cavaliere_, (knight’s spur,)
and _fior regio_, (king-flower.) These names give quite a chivalric
importance to the gentle flower, and furnish abundant subject for
thought and fancy. Our own rural names give us a picture of the
sky-lark; that “musical cherub,” soaring far and high into the blue
summer heaven, above the lonely mountain-top, or over the busy town, and
we can recall the delight of listening to his sweet melody.

_Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    For never yet was bosom found
    So dull of sense to music’s sound,
    As not to linger on the way,
    And list to his ascending lay,
    And upward gaze with straining sight,
    And see him melting into light;
    Till the eye fail its part to bear
    In concert with the hearing ear;
    And naught remain but what may seem
    Imagination’s fairy dream,
    Or the sweet strain, if such there were,
    Of Prospero’s spirit in the air.
    Oh, for that strength of voice and wing
    To sing and soar, to soar and sing;
    With all his joyousness of heart
    From earth’s encumbrances apart;
    And with heaven’s denizens on high
    To revel mid the calm clear sky!

    _Mant._

       *       *       *       *       *

          Fancy is a fairy, that can hear,
    Ever, the melody of nature’s voice,
    And see all lovely visions that she will.

    _Mrs. Osgood._

       *       *       *       *       *

          All impediments in fancy’s course
    Are motives of more fancy.

    Shakspeare.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ever let the fancy roam,
    Pleasure never is at home;
    Then let winged Fancy wander
    Through the thoughts still spread beyond her:
    Oh, sweet Fancy! let her loose,
    Every thing is spoilt by use.

    _Kent._




DYER’S WEED.... _Relief_.


Dyer’s Weed is like a very large upright plant of Mignonette, to which
sweet exotic it is nearly related, both being members of the _reseda_
family. The _Reseda odorata_, or Mignonette, is a native of Egypt, and
was introduced into England in 1752. The word _reseda_ is from _resedo_,
to calm, to appease. The plants were thought useful applications to
external bruises, to ease pain. There are two species growing wild in
England. _Reseda lutea_, or Base-rocket, likes a chalky soil, but _R.
luteola_, the Dyer’s Weed, is often found on waste ground everywhere. It
is much used by dyers, particularly in France. It affords a most
beautiful yellow dye, for cotton, woollen, mohair, silk, and linen. Blue
cloths dipped in a decoction of it become green. The entire plant, when
about to flower, is pulled up, and employed both fresh and dried. Like
the Coltsfoot, this plant is among the first which spring from the
rubbish thrown out of coal-pits. Linnæus observed, that the nodding
spike of flowers always follows the sun, even on a cloudy day, pointing
eastward in a morning, southward at noon, westward in the afternoon, and
northward at night. If this be true, it may supplant the sunflower in
the favour of sentimental florists, for the inconstancy of that has long
been proved. Good old Gerarde, who evidently did his best to believe all
things, says, that he has seen four sunflowers on one stem, pointing to
the four cardinal points. I am wandering from my subject, but must
remind you of some sweet lines by that poet of nature--Clare, where he
groups the sunflower so nicely; and you may look at that cottage, where
the children are playing, and see the picture nearly realized:

    Where rustic taste at leisure trimly weaves
    The rose and straggling woodbine to the eaves,
    And on the crowded spot that pales enclose
    The white and scarlet daisy rears in rows,
    Training the trailing peas in clusters neat,
    Perfuming evening with a luscious sweet,
    And sun-flowers planting for their gilded show,
    That scale the window’s lattice ere they blow,
    And, sweet to habitants within the sheds,
    Peep through the crystal panes their golden heads.

       *       *       *       *       *

    A gentle peace, like evening winds
      In summer from the ocean’s breast,
    Moved o’er my sighing, sinking soul,
      And soothed my murmuring griefs to rest;
    And through the weary night of pain,
      When it were manliness to weep,
    My soul was comforted by this--
      “He giveth his beloved sleep.”

    _MacKellar._




NASTURTION.... _Patriotism_.


The Nasturtion is a native of Europe and the East. The flowers are of a
very brilliant golden yellow, and present a beautiful appearance. The
plant is said to emit flashes of light in the morning before sunrise,
and also at twilight. Its pure, glowing hue recalls that ardent feeling,
so clear of self, which leads men to lay down their lives and fortunes
for their country’s safety and glory.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Land of the forest and the rock,
      Of dark blue lake and mighty river--
    Of mountain reared aloft to mock
    The storm’s career and lightning’s shock,
      My own green land forever!

    _Whittier._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Clime of the daring, thy sheltering banner
      Unfurls its stars o’er the land and the sea;
    While tyrants are warring, and freemen love honour,
      That banner shall be the light of the free.

    _C. Watson._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Our country first, their glory and their pride,
    Land of their hopes, land where their fathers died,
    When in the right, they’ll keep thy honour bright,
    When in the wrong, they’ll die to set it right.

    _James T. Fields._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Pride in the gift of country and of name
      Speaks in the eye and step--
      He treads his native land!

    _Halleck._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The patriot! go, to Fame’s proud mount repair,
    The tardy pile, slow rising there,
    With tongueless eloquence shall tell
    Of them who for their country fell.

    _Sprague._

       *       *       *       *       *

    ’Tis home-felt pleasure prompts the patriot’s sigh,
    This makes him wish to live, and dare to die.

    _Campbell._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Land where he learned to lisp a mother’s name,
    The first beloved in life, the last forgot,
      Land of his frolic youth,
      Land of his bridal eve,
    Land of his children--vain your column’s strength,
    Invaders! vain your battles’ steel and fire!
      Choose ye the morrow’s doom--
      A prison or a grave!

    _Halleck._

       *       *       *       *       *

    My country is my Holy Land. I love her!
    The purest, brightest skies are spread above her.
    And heavenliest verdure covers vale and hill.
    The clearest waters fish did ever swim in
    Are hers. And oh, what words can praise her virtuous women?

    _MacKellar._




NIGHTSHADE, OR BITTER-SWEET.... _Truth_.


According to the belief of the ancients, Truth was the mother of Virtue,
the daughter of Time, and queen of the world. It is a frequent saying,
that Truth lies at the bottom of a well, and that she always mingles
some bitterness with her sweet blessings; and we have chosen for her
emblem a plant which, like her, delights in the shade, and is evergreen.
The Nightshade is the only plant in England which loses and reproduces
its leaves twice a year.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Truth, crushed to earth will rise again,
      The eternal years of God are hers;
    But Error, wounded, writhes with pain,
      And dies among her worshippers.

    _Bryant._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The pure deep sky above may figure Truth;
    Though mists and clouds may long obscure its face,
    Gaze with patience, and ere long they’ll pass.

    _Peerbold._

       *       *       *       *       *

    ’Tis not enough your counsel shall be true;
    Blunt truths more mischief than nice falsehoods do.
    Men must be taught as if you taught them not,
    And things unknown proposed as things forgot.
    Without good breeding, truth is disapproved;
    That only makes superior sense beloved.

    _Pope._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Truth needs no flowers of speech.

    _Pope._

       *       *       *       *       *

    When fiction rises pleasing to the eye,
    Men will believe, because they love the lie;
    But truth herself, if clouded with a frown,
    Must have some solemn proofs to pass her down.

    _Churchill._

       *       *       *       *       *

    All truth is precious, if not all divine,
    And what dilates the powers must needs refine.

    _Cowper._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Verily there is nothing so false, that a sparkle of truth is not in it.

    _Tupper._

       *       *       *       *       *

    This above all, to thine own self be true;
    And it must follow, as the night the day,
    Thou canst not then be false to any man.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    What is truth?--a staff rejected.

    _Wordsworth._

       *       *       *       *       *

    It is a weary and a bitter task
    Back from the lip the burning word to keep,
    And to shut out heaven’s air with falsehood’s mask,
    And in the dark urn of the soul to heap
    Indignant feelings--making e’en of thought
    A buried treasure.

    _Mrs. Hemans._




THE SWEET FLAG--ACORUS CALAMUS.... _Grace_.


    One autumn eve I sat alone
      Beside my study fire;
    I’d written long, and eyes and head
      And fingers ’gan to tire.

    I rose to shut my desk, and go--
      Quite weary--half asleep--
    A book fell open as I moved;
      E’en sleepy eyes must peep;

    And, pictured on its page, I saw
      The portrait of a friend,
    Whose smiling face bade my dull thoughts
      To happy memories wend.

    It was the tall, sweet-scented Flag,
      Lay pictured there so true,
    I could have deemed some fairy hand
      The faithful image drew.

    The falchion-leaves, all long and sharp;
      The stem, like a tall leaf too,
    Except where, halfway up its side,
      A cone-shaped flower-spike grew,

    Like a lady’s finger, taper, long,
      From end to end arrayed
    In close scale-armour, that was all
      Of starry flowers made.

    If you could fancy fairy folk
      Would mimic works of ours,
    You’d think their dainty fingers here
      Had wrought mosaic flowers.

    The tiny petals, neatly formed,
      With geometric skill,
    Are each one so exactly shaped,
      Its proper place to fill.

    And stamens, like fine golden dust,
      Spangle the flowerets green;
    Aught more compact and beautiful,
      Mine eyes have never seen!

    How well I know when first I met
      The Sweet Flag’s graceful form;
    ’Twas on a glowing summer’s day,
      Mid hearts as bright and warm.

    Mid hearts as warm as sunny gleams,
      And eyes as kind and bright,
    And spirits that, like sunshine too,
      Are cheering, loved, and light.

    We gathered there the Acorus
      From Claremont’s quiet lake;
    And home with me, full many a mile,
      I did the pale flower take.

    ’Twas new to me, but yet is not
      So very scarce and rare,
    As many a river knoweth well;
      None better than the Yare!

    For by its banks abundantly
      The fragrant tall leaves grow;
    Singing with reedy rustling voice,
      Whene’er soft breezes blow.

    The Mayor of Norwich holds in June
      His annual feast and show;
    And to the grand cathedral church
      Processions with him go.

    And then the gray and solemn aisles,
      And all the ancient floor,
    Are with the aromatic leaves
      Bestrewèd thickly o’er.

    In by-gone days the costly fumes
      Of incense here were shed;
    But sweeter far the fragrant gush
      That greets each passing tread.

    In the sordid streets are bowers built,
      Of these same reeds as well,
    Plaited and wrought like basket-work,
      All full of spicy smell.

    And many a queer and quaint device
      Are round about them made,
    Of the gold and red ranunculus,
      In varied shape and shade.

    Oh! many a young and guileless heart
      Is blithe as blithe can be,
    To walk through Norwich streets that morn,
      The decked out bowers to see.

    In far gone times, ere folks had grown
      So mighty nice and clever--
    When carpets were unheard-of things,
      And druggets dreamed of never--

    When wide bare floors of good hard mud
      Or stone, not over even,
    Were all that unto knightly strides,
      Or dames’ light steps, were given--

    When common rushes strewed the halls
      Where royal banquets were--
    How precious must these reeds have been
      Beside the banks of Yare!

    I can fancy high and dainty dames
      Sending stout serving-men
    To gather store of these sweet Flags,
      From river, pool, and fen.

    Perhaps to strew a lady’s bower,
      Perhaps the castle hall,
    Where warlike lords and knights should meet
      At stately festival.

    How often in the chapel too,
      The fresh-thrown reeds might lie;
    While the tears and smiles of a bridal band
      Went softly passing by!

    And they were there when sorrow deep
      Wept the untimely doom
    Of young, and bright, and beautiful,
      Borne to the ancestral tomb.

    In sooth it is an ancient thing,
      This new-found friend of mine,
    And many a scene of joy and wo
      Hath it known in days lang syne.

    I love it for them all right well,
      But yet I love it more
    For the fairy scene that lay around
      Its home on that lakeless shore:

    Beside the bank the stately trees
      Waved gently to and fro,
    And flitting specks of sunlight fell
      The leafy branches thro’,

    And danced among the tall keen reeds,
      And on the water fell,
    Where the merry fish were glancing swift;
      And the water snake, as well,

    Came, gliding in a graceful curl
      All silently and still,
    Like a lord in his own dominions there,
      Swimming about at will.

    Now toward the margin where we stood
      We saw him steering on,--
    Then under groups of lily leaves
      The happy thing was gone.

    And wild-fowl, water-rats, and all,
      Lived in that little lake;
    Oh, what a pleasant picture now
      My thoughts of it awake!

    Its margent of smooth lawny turf
      Was mossy, soft, and deep,
    Where the shadows broad of the beech and oak
      Seemed quietly to sleep.

    The rhododendrons, purple yet
      With many a massive wreath,
    Had seedling plants, a countless host,
      Crowding the turf beneath.

    I dearly love small relics brought
      From spots where I have been,
    That seem to certify the facts
      Of memory’s pictured scene;

    But seeds and roots of flowers are
      The pleasantest of all;--
    I’ve Broom-seeds from a heathy glen,
      And ferns from an old stone wall.

    Of wall-flower slips and roots I’ve got
      So many, that I’m fain,
    Dear as they are to me, to turn
      Many adrift again.

    My ivy-plant from Tintern’s braved
      Four winters’ stormy weather;
    I’ve scraps, too, from proud Kenilworth,
      And here they grow together.

    The feathery seeds of clematis
      In Goodrich I have caught;
    Hartstongue from Ragland’s lofty keep,
      With maiden-hair, I brought.

    And so at Claremont, where the crowd
      Of rhododendrons grew,
    My whims were humoured, and I now
      Am rearing one or two.

    And e’en those little things can bring
      Before me, passing well,
    The very nook where the scented leaves
      Of the graceful calamus dwell.

    _Louisa A. Twamley._




BROOM.... _Humility_.


Thomas Miller thus speaks of the “bonny Broom,” in his Romance of
Nature:--

Beautiful art thou, O Broom! waving in all thy rich array of green and
gold, on the breezy bosom of the bee-haunted heath. The sleeping
sunshine, and the silver-footed showers, the clouds that for ever play
about the face of Heaven, the homeless winds, and the crystal-globed
dews, that settle upon thy blossoms like sleep on the veined eyelids of
an infant, are ever beating above and around thee, as if to tell that
they rejoice in thy companionship, and that, although a thousand years
have strided by with silent steps, time hath not abated an atom of their
love. Who can tell the thoughts of Saxon Alfred when, wandering alone,
crownless and sceptreless, he stretched himself on the lonely moor
beneath the shadow of thy golden blossoms, sighing for the fair queen he
had left far behind? When he bowed his kingly head, and, musing on thy
beauty, buried in a solitary wild, thought how even regal dignity would
be enhanced by humility, and that, although thou didst grow there
unmarked and unpruned, not a more princely flower waved in his own
English garden.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Humility, that low, sweet root,
    From which all heavenly virtues shoot.

    _Moore._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh the Broom, the bonny bonny Broom,
      The Broom of the Cowden-knowes;
    For sure so soft, so sweet a bloom,
      Elsewhere there never grows.

    _Scottish Song._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Here is a precious jewel I have found
    Among the filth and rubbish of the world.
    I’ll stoop for it, but when I wear it here,
    Set on my forehead like the morning-star,
    The world may wonder, but it will not laugh.

    _Longfellow._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Their groves of sweet myrtle, let foreign lands reckon,
      Where bright beaming summers exalt the perfume;
    Far dearer to me yon lone glen o’ green breckan,
      Wi’ the burn stealing under the lang yellow Broom.

    _Burns._

       *       *       *       *       *

    But the publican stood afar off in his grief,
    For he felt like a beggar who needed relief;
    And he raised not his eyes, and he saw not the scorn
    Which the lip of the Pharisee proudly had worn.
    But he smote on his bosom, and deeply he sighed;
    As a sinner, for mercy, sweet mercy, he cried.
    It was all he could utter, but GOD hears a sigh,
    And listens, no matter how feeble the cry.
    Both unheard and unblest, the proud Pharisee then
    Returned to the pomp of his riches again;
    While the publican sinner, though loathed and oppressed,
    Went joyfully homeward with peace in his breast.

    _MacKellar._




ST. JOHN’S WORT.... _Superstition_.


This plant is an appropriate emblem of superstition; for it has always
been regarded with reverence by the peasantry of Europe, on account of
its real and supposed virtues. It was supposed to possess the power of
defending persons from phantoms and spectres, and driving away all evil
spirits. Its large, yellow flower grows close to the earth, and
resembles a small wheel of fireworks.

       *       *       *       *       *

                        ’Tis a history
    Handed from ages down; a nurse’s tale--
    Which children, open-eyed and mouthed, devour;
    And thus as garrulous ignorance relates,
    We learn it and believe.

    _Southey._

       *       *       *       *       *

          A fortune-telling host,
    As numerous as the stars could boast,
    Matrons, who toss the cup, and see
    The grounds of fate in grounds of tea.

    _Churchill._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Gipsies, who every ill can cure,
    Except the ill of being poor,
    Who charms ’gainst love and agues sell,
    Who can in hen-roost set a spell,
    Prepared by arts, to them best known,
    To catch all feet except their own,
    Who as to fortune can unlock it,
    As easily as pick a pocket.

    _Churchill._

       *       *       *       *       *

    We may smile, or coldly sneer,
    The while such ghostly tales we hear,--
    And wonder why they were believed,
    And how wise men could be deceived:--
    Bathing our renovated sight
    In the free gospel’s glorious light,
    We marvel it was ever night!

    _Mrs. Hale._

       *       *       *       *       *

    This present life seems full of mysteries;
      The vulgar mind, to superstition prone,
    In nature’s workings fearful omens sees,
      And shrinks aghast from terrors of its own
    Absurd imagining. Despotic is the power
      Of ignorance; and thousands live in fear
    And die unnumbered times before the hour
      That Heaven has set to end their being here.
    The trustful, quiet, mighty thinker seeks
      The beautiful and simple orderings
      Of the Great Former of created things,
    And GOD to him in guiding accents speaks.
      Still, in the dealings of the LORD with men,
      Some things there are beyond our human ken.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

            Tam saw an unco sight!
    Warlocks and witches in a dance;
    Nae cotillon brent new frae France,
    But hornpipes, jigs, strathspeys, and reels,
    Put life an mettle in their heels.
    A winnock bunker in the east,
    There sat auld Nick, in shape o’ beast;
    A towzie tyke, black, grim, and large,
    To gie them music was his charge:
    He screw’d the pipes and gart them skirl,
    Till roof and rafters a’ did dirl.--
    Coffins stood round like open presses,
    That shaw’d the dead in their last dresses;
    And by some devilish cantraip slight,
    Each in its cauld hand held a light,--
    By which heroic Tam was able
    To note upon the haly table,
    A murderer’s banes in gibbet airns;
    Twa span-lang, wee, unchristen’d bairns;
    A thief, new cutted frae a rape,
    Wi’ his last gasp his gab did gape;
    Five tomahawks, wi’ bluid red-rusted;
    Five scimiters, wi’ murder crusted;
    A garter, which a babe had strangled;
    A knife, a father’s throat had mangled,
    Whom his ain son o’ life bereft,
    The gray hairs yet stack to the heft;
    Wi’ mair o’ horrible and awfu’,
    Which ev’n to name wad be unlawfu’.

    _Burns._




VERVAIN.... _Enchantment_.


Vervain was employed by the ancients in various kinds of divinations.
They ascribed to it a thousand properties, and, among others, that of
reconciling enemies. Whenever the Romans sent their heralds to offer
peace or war to nations, one of them always carried a sprig of Vervain.
The Druids, both in Gaul and Britain, regarded the Vervain with the same
veneration as the misletoe, and offered sacrifices to the earth before
they cut this plant in spring, which was a ceremony of great pomp.
Though the Druids and their religion have passed away, the Vervain is
still the plant of spells and enchantment. In the northern provinces of
France, the shepherds gather it with ceremonies and words known only to
themselves, and express its juices under certain phases of the moon.
They insist that this plant enables them to cure their ailments, and to
cast a spell on their daughters and cattle, by which they can make them
conform to their wishes.

       *       *       *       *       *

    I’d wake the spell that sleeps within an herb,
    And witch the lady till I know she’s mine.

    _Peerbold._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Her overpowering presence made you feel
    It would not be idolatry to kneel.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Her sacred beauty hath enchanted heaven,
    And, had she lived before the siege of Troy,
    Helen, whose beauty summoned Greece to arms,
    And drew a thousand ships to Tenedos,
    Had not been named in Homer’s Iliad;
    Her name had been in every line he wrote.

    _Marlowe._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Not all the charms that superstition gave
      To plants in lonely forests found,
    Could work such magic in Love’s doting slave,
      As the voice which his wishes crowned.

    _Anon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    A voice of laughter--a voice of glee!
    Among the maidens, who happy as she?
    By love’s enchantment her thrilling breast
    Is wildly, witchingly, over-blest:
    And gushing joys, like the sun in May,
    Enliven the noon of her bridal-day.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Mysterious plant! whose golden tresses wave
    With a sad beauty in the dying year,
    Blooming amid November’s frost severe,
    Like a pale corpse-light o’er the recent grave.
    If shepherds tell us true, thy wand hath power,
    With gracious influence, to avert the harm
    Of ominous planets.

    _Token, 1831._




CORN.... _Riches_.


Ceres, the goddess of Corn and harvest, was represented with a garland
of ears of Corn on her head. The commemoration of the loss of her
daughter Proserpine, was celebrated about the beginning of harvest; that
of her search after her, at the time of sowing Corn. A whole straw has
been made the emblem of union; and a broken straw, of rupture. The
custom of breaking a straw, to express the rupture of a contract, may be
traced back to an early period of French history, and may be said to
have had a royal origin. When Charles the Simple, of France, was
abandoned by his principal lords, they broke a straw to express that
they would no longer acknowledge him as their king. Corn may be regarded
as an appropriate emblem of wealth; since, wherever it grows, it leads
us to infer plenty and comfort.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Therefore, if at great things thou wouldst arrive,
    Get riches first, get wealth.

    _Milton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Then let us get money, like bees lay up honey;
      We’ll build us new hives and store each cell;
    The sight of our treasure shall yield us great pleasure,
      We’ll count it, and chink it, and jingle it well.

    _Dr. Franklin._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Much learning shows how little mortals know;
    Much wealth, how little worldlings can enjoy:
    At best, it babies us with endless toys,
    And keeps us children till we drop to dust.
    As monkeys at a mirror stand amazed,
    They fail to find what they so plainly see;
    Thus men, in shining riches, see the face
    Of happiness, nor know it as a shade;
    But gaze, and touch, and peep, and peep again,
    And wish, and wonder it is absent still.

    _Young._

       *       *       *       *       *

                            Oh, blessed lot
    To be possessed of wealth and of a heart
    So heavenly made that it refuses not
    Of its abundance freely to impart!

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

                            You are heir
    To lordships, mansions, forests, parks, and gems.
    You have three mighty manors in Castile;
    Two broad estates in Leon; two amidst
    The mulberry trees of Murcia, and huge chests
    Crammed full of ingots, dug by naked slaves,
    Who famished on coarse bread. Besides all these,
    There bloom plantations in the East, whose fruits
    Are pearls, and spice, and princely diamonds;
    And in Brazil, Pactolus floods, ne’er dumb,
    Whose waves all talk in gold!

    _Barry Cornwall._




CRANBERRY.... _Cure for the Heartache_.


    Far away among the hills,
      Far from tower and town,
    Where wide moors and heaths lie spread,
      Desolate and brown.

    Where the grouse and plover live
      Far from gun and dog,
    A delicate and tiny flower
      Decks swamp and watery bog.

    The Cranberry blossom dwelleth there
      Amid the mountains cold,
    Seeming like a fairy gift
      Left on the dreary wold.

    Oh! and ’tis very beautiful,
      The flowers are pink and white,
    And the small oval polished leaves
      Are evergreen and bright.

    ’Tis such a wee, fair, dainty thing,
      You’d think a greenhouse warm
    Would be its proper dwelling-place,
      Kept close from wind and storm.

    But on the moors it dwelleth free,
      Like a fearless mountain child;
    With a rosy cheek, a lightsome look,
      And a spirit strong and wild.

    In autumn, all among the swamps
      And marshes soft and wet,
    Come troops of poor hill-children
      The ripened fruit to get.

    The bushes all in water grow,
      In those small pools, that lie
    In scores among the turfy knolls
      On mountains broad and high.

    And there the peasant children come
      To pull the Cranberries red,
    Where bold and booted sporting squires
      Would scarcely dare to tread.

    _They_ only shoot the poor wild birds,
      And chase the timid hare,
    For their diversion; _they_ can live
      In luxury, without care.

    But these poor peasant-children’s lot
      Is full of human wo,
    And hungry, thinly clad, and cold,
      They o’er the mountains go;

    With feet, that shoes have never known,
      And legs all blue and bare,
    And yet, so light are they of heart,
      You’ll hear them laughing there.

    Such laughter makes my very heart
      Leap up with joy to hear,
    It tells that even poverty
      Is not entirely drear.

    It telleth--what I ever think,
      That GOD is good indeed;
    And that he suiteth, in us all,
      Our spirit to our need.

    Think ye--if these poor peasants were
      All discontent and sour--
    If they in frowns and murmurings
      Spent every wretched hour:--

    Like many a cherished, pampered child,
      Whom wealth and fondness cloy,
    Till e’en the knowledge of a want
      Would be a novel joy:--

    Think, if these peasants pined like him
      For pleasures they have not,
    How manifold would then have been
      The sorrows of their lot!

    But they, unshod, bareheaded too,
      Fed sparsely with coarse food,
    Go laughing on their gleesome way,
      As GOD’S bright creatures should.

    They are like flowers, springing up
      In some unkindly place,
    Yet full of all their colours rare,
      Their sweetness and their grace.

    They _are_ bright flowers, that spring to cheer
      E’en penury’s wilderness,
    And often with a swelling heart,
      Those human flowers I bless.

    Kind blessings on their bold, clear eyes,
      And elvish, unbound hair;--
    And blessings on their laughter wild,
      Mid crags and moorlands bare!

    In autumn mornings forth they go
      With baskets to the wold,
    Some of wicker, some of rush,
      Some new, and many old.

    And over mountain, over glen,
      The merry creatures bound,
    On to the wide and boggy heaths,
      Where a thousand streamlets sound.

    The small bare legs all splash about,
      Heeding not cold nor wet,
    So long as busy eyes can see,
      And hands the treasure get.

    “_And after all this toil and moil,
      What profit win they thence?_”--
    Perhaps a long day’s work may bring
      A few poor sordid pence.

    But more than hundreds to the rich
      Are pennies to the poor,
    And thankfully they seek and sell
      The Cranberries on the moor.

    _Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The heart of kindness seldom sours or curdles;
    The cream of love is in it pure and sweet:
    With every charm that human nature girdles,
    And every grace of gentleness replete,
    The man who has a kindly heart is most
    In pattern like his LORD; for where the law
    Of kindness rules the heart, the virtues draw
    Together in companionship, and post
    Themselves around that citadel of love.
    The kindly man doth always kindly prove:
    He has a word of sweetness for the child--
    Of pity for the poor--of sympathy
    For all who mourn; and truly glad is he
    When through his generous care some sorrowing face has smiled.
    There’s music ever in the kindly soul,
    For every deed of goodness done is like
    A chord set in the heart, and joy doth strike
    Upon it oft as memory doth unroll
    The immortal page whereon good deeds are writ;
    And Heaven gives nothing sweeter to the mind
    Than memories of the acts that bless our human kind.

    _MacKellar._




IVY.... _Constancy._


In Greece the altar of Hymen was enwreathed with Ivy, and a branch of it
was presented to the new-married couple, as a symbol of the indissoluble
knot. It was sacred to Bacchus, who is represented crowned with Ivy
leaves, as well as those of the vine. It formed the crown of the Greek
and Roman poets; and, in modern times, has been made the poet’s frequent
image of constancy. The Ivy is attached to the earth by its own roots,
and derives no nourishment from the substances to which it clings. The
protector of ruins, it adorns the dilapidated walls which it holds
together; it will not accept every kind of support, but its attachment
ends only with its life.

       *       *       *       *       *

    When all things have their trial, you shall find
    Nothing is constant but a virtuous mind.

    _Shirley._

       *       *       *       *       *

                        The mountain rill
    Seeks with no surer flow the far, bright sea,
    Than my unchanged affections flow to thee.

    _Park Benjamin._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I am constant as the northern star;
    Of whose true, fixed, and resting quality
    There is no fellow in the firmament.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

                       Make my breast
    Transparent as pure crystal, that the world,
    Jealous of me, may see the foulest thought
    My heart does hold. Where shall a woman turn
    Her eyes to find out constancy?

    _Buckingham._

       *       *       *       *       *

    No, never from this hour to part,
      We’ll live and love so true,
    The sigh that rends thy constant heart,
      Shall break thy Edwin’s too.

    _Goldsmith._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The Ivy round some lofty pile
      Its twining tendril flings;
    Though fled from thence be pleasure’s smile,
      It yet the fonder clings;
    As lonelier still becomes the place,
    The warmer is its fond embrace,
      More firm its verdant rings;
    As if it loved its shade to rear
    O’er one devoted to despair.
    Thus shall my bosom cling to thine,
      Unchanged by gliding years;
    Through Fortune’s rise, or her decline,
      In sunshine, or in tears;
    And though between us oceans roll,
    And rocks divide us, still my soul
      Shall feel no jealous fears:
    Confiding in a heart like thine,
    Love’s uncontaminated shrine.

    _Mrs. Hale._




HOLLY.... _Foresight_.


The Holly, with its scarlet berries, is the most beautiful of the
evergreens that have been used for ages to adorn the churches of old
England, during the Christmas season. It is an ornament to the woods,
stripped bare by the rude breath of winter; its berries serve for food
for the little birds that never leave us, and its foliage affords them
an hospitable shelter during the cold season. Nature, by a seeming
forethought, has been careful to preserve the verdure of this handsome
tree all the year round, and to arm it with thorns, that it may furnish
both food and protection to the innocent creatures which resort to it
for shelter. It may be added, however, that from the bark of the common
Holly, when fermented and washed from the woody fibres, is made the
bird-lime which is used for catching small birds.

       *       *       *       *       *

    With Holly and ivy,
      So green and so gay,
    We deck up our houses
      As fresh as the day;
    With bays and rosemary,
      And laurel complete,
    And every one now
      Is a king in conceit.

    _Poor Robin’s Almanac, 1695._

       *       *       *       *       *

    THE HOLLY TREE.

    O Reader! hast thou ever stood to see
          The Holly tree?
    The eye that contemplates it well perceives
          Its glossy leaves,
    Ordered by an intelligence so wise
    As might confound the atheist’s sophistries.

    Below, a circling fence its leaves are seen,
          Wrinkled and keen;
    No grazing cattle, through their prickly round
          Can reach to wound;
    But as they grow where nothing is to fear,
    Smooth and unarmed the pointless leaves appear.

    I love to view these things with curious eyes
          And moralize;
    And in this wisdom of the Holly tree
          Can emblems see,
    Wherewith, perchance, to make a pleasant rhyme,
    One which may profit in the after-time.

    Thus, though abroad, perchance I might appear
          Harsh and austere,
    To those who on my leisure would intrude
          Reserved and rude,
    Gentle at home amid my friends I’d be,
    Like the high leaves upon the Holly tree.

    And should my youth, as youth is apt, I know,
          Some harshness show,
    All vain asperities I day by day
          Would wear away,
    Till the smooth temper of my age should be
    Like the high leaves upon the Holly tree.

    And as when all the summer trees are seen
          So bright and green,
    The Holly leaves a sober hue display,
          Less bright than they;
    But when the bare and wintry woods we see,
    What then so cheerful as the Holly tree?

    So serious should my youth appear among
          The thoughtless throng,
    So would I seem amid the young and gay
          More grave than they,
    That in my age as cheerful I might be
    As the green winter of the Holly tree.

    _Southey._

       *       *       *       *       *

    To know the road ere on’t we trust the foot,
    And where it leads, and what, while journeying,
    We may meet, is Wisdom’s eager wish.

    _Peerbold._

       *       *       *       *       *

                                Walk
    Boldly and wisely in that light thou hast;
    There is a hand above will help thee on.

    _Bailey._

MEADOW SAFFRON.... _My best days are past_.

The Meadow Saffron, or Colchicum Autumnale, springs up about the time
the leaves begin to fall from the trees, and may, therefore, be said to
proclaim to all nature, that the bright days of summer are past.
According to Ovid, this autumnal flower owes its origin to some drops of
the magic liquor prepared by Medea, to restore the aged Æson to the
bloom and vigour of youth, which were spilled in the fields. As a
medicine, the Colchicum is powerful, but dangerous, and must be used
with caution. The poisonous quality of the plant seems to be known, as
if by instinct, to all kinds of cattle. They all shun it, and in many
pastures this alone will be found standing, when all other herbage has
been consumed.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Why grieve that time has brought so soon
      The sober age of manhood on?
    As idly should I weep at noon
      To see the blush of morning gone.
    True, time will sear and blanch my brow:
      Well--I shall sit with aged men,
    And my good glass will tell me how
      A grisly beard becomes me then.
    And should no foul dishonour lie
      Upon my head when I am gray,
    Love yet may search my fading eye,
      And smooth the path of my decay.

    _Bryant._

[Illustration: SWEET PEA PANSY

_I depart. Think on me._]

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh! thou who dry’st the mourner’s tear,
      How dark this world would be,
    If, when deceived and wounded here,
      We could not fly to thee!
    The friends who in our sunshine live,
      When winter comes, are flown;
    And he who has but tears to give,
      Must weep those tears alone:
    But thou wilt heal that broken heart,
      Which, like the plants that throw
    Their fragrance from the wounded part,
      Breathes sweetness out of wo.

    _Moore._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Then bright from earth, amid the troubled sky,
    Ascends fair Colchicum, with radiant eye,
    Warms the cold bosom of the hoary year,
    And lights with beauty’s blaze the dusky sphere.

    _Darwin._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The world around me groweth gray and old:
      My friends are dropping one by one away;
      Some live in distant lands--some in the clay
    Rest quietly, their mortal moments told.
      And when my children gather at my knee
    To worship GOD and sing our morning psalm,
      Their rising stature whispers unto me
    My life is waning towards its evening calm.

    _MacKellar._




CHINA ASTER.... _Variety_.


The China Aster begins to blow when other flowers are scarce. It is like
an afterthought of Flora’s, who smiles at leaving us. The China Aster
was introduced into Europe by Father d’Insarville, a Jesuit missionary;
who, about the year 1730, sent seeds of it to the royal gardens of
Paris. As, by cultivation, many varieties of the Aster have been
obtained, the flower has been made the emblem of variety.

       *       *       *       *       *

    The sleepless streams move onward
    Through beds of idling lilies,
    Chiding the foolish flowers
    That watch their mirrored beauty;
    So live the thoughtless many,
    Who throng the halls of fashion.

    _Dawes._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I love the ever-varying hue
      Upon the face of heaven;
    I would not have it always blue,
      But oft with lightning riven.
    I would not have wide oceans spread
      A mirror e’er to see;
    But lashed to many a cresty head
      By scowling tempests free!

    _C. Watson._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Play every string in love’s sweet lyre--
      Set all its music flowing;
    Be air, and dew, and light, and fire,
      To keep the soul-flower growing.

    _Mrs. Osgood._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The rapid and the deep--the fall, the gulf,
    Have likenesses in feeling and in life.
    And life, so varied, hath more loveliness
    In one day than a creeping century
    Of sameness.

    _Bailey._

       *       *       *       *       *

                Youth loves and lives on change,
    Till the soul sighs for sameness; which at last
    Becomes variety; and takes its place.

    _Bailey._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Variety’s the source of joy below,
    From which still fresh revolving pleasures flow;
    In books and love the mind one end pursues,
    And only change the expiring flame renews.

    _Gay._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Wherefore did nature pour her bounties forth
    With such a full and unwithdrawing hand,
    Covering the earth with odours, fruits, and flocks,
    Thronging the seas with spawn innumerable,
    But all to please and sate a curious taste?

    _Milton._




AMERICAN STARWORT.... _Welcome_.


The Starwort is another late-blooming flower. It is exclusively
indigenous to North America and the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers are
of every variety of hue, and present a very attractive appearance.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Stranger, new flowers in our vales are seen,
    With a dazzling eye, and a lovely green.--
    They scent the breath of the dewy morn:
    They feed no worm, and they hide no thorn,
    But revel and grow in our balmy air;
    They are flowers which Freedom hath planted there.

    This bud of welcome to thee we give,--
    Bid its unborn sweets in thy bosom live;
    It shall charm thee from all a stranger’s pain,
    Reserve, suspicion, and dark disdain:
    A race in its freshness and bloom are we;
    Bring no cares from a worn-out world with thee.

    _Mrs. Sigourney._




JUNIPER.... _Protection_.


The Juniper has been the favourite of Superstition. The ancients
consecrated the shrub to the Furies. The smoke of its green roots was
the incense which they offered in preference to the infernal gods; and
they burned its berries during funerals to ban malign influences. In
some parts of Europe, the peasant still believes that the perfume of
Juniper berries purifies the air, and drives evil spirits from his
humble cot. The Juniper is made to signify protection, on account of the
defensive qualities ascribed to it by superstition, and the shelter its
drooping branches afford to small animals which are hard pressed by the
hunters.

       *       *       *       *       *

    I have found out a gift for my fair;
      I have found where the wood-pigeons breed;
    But let me that plunder forbear,
      She will say, ’twas a barbarous deed.

    “For he ne’er could be true,” she averred,
      “Who could rob a poor bird of its young;”
    And I loved her the more, when I heard
      Such tenderness fall from her tongue.

    _Shenstone._




HAZEL.... _Peace--Reconciliation_.


Fable gives the following account of the origin of the signification of
the Hazel. There was a time when men were at constant war with each
other, and could not be restrained from cruelty and revenge by any tie
of kin. The gods at length took pity on them. Apollo and Mercury made
presents to each other, and descended to the earth. The god of harmony
received from the son of Maia the shell of a tortoise, out of which he
had constructed a lyre, and gave him in exchange a Hazel stick, which
had the power of imparting a love of virtue and of reconciling hearts
divided by envy and hate. By the power thus given him, Mercury taught
men the love of peace, and of home and country, and made commerce the
bond of nations. Adorned with two light wings, and entwined with
serpents, the Hazel rod given to the god of eloquence by the god of
harmony is still, by the name of caduceus, the emblem of peace,
commerce, and reconciliation.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Oh then that wisdom may we know,
    Which leads a life of peace below!

    _Sprague._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Peace, sweet peace is ever found
    In her eternal home on holy ground.

    _Mrs. Embury._

       *       *       *       *       *

                          And see,
    As yet unclothed, the Hazel tree
    Prepares his early tufts to lend
    The coppice first-fruits; and depend
    In russet drops, whose clustered rows,
    Still closed in part, in part disclose,
    Yet fenced beneath their scaly shed,
    The pendent anther’s yellow head.

    _Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I trust the frown thy features wear,
      Ere long into a smile will turn;
    I would not that a face as fair
      As thine, beloved, should look so stern.
    The chain of ice that winter binds,
      Holds not for aye the sparkling rill;
    It melts away when summer shines,
      And leaves the waters sparkling still:
    Thus let thy cheek resume the smile
      That shed such sunny light before;
    And though I left thee for a while,
      I’ll vow to leave thee, love, no more.

    _Wm. Leggett._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Come, while the morning of thy life is glowing,
      Ere the dim phantoms thou art chasing die--
    Ere the gay spell, which earth is round thee throwing,
      Fades like the crimson from a sunset sky.
    Life is but shadows, save a promise given,
      Which lights up sorrow with a fadeless ray.
    Oh, touch the sceptre!--with a hope in heaven,
      Come, turn thy spirit from the world away.

    _Anon._




OAK.... _Nobility_.


The form of the Oak tree, when grown fairly and naturally, is a perfect
emblem of its qualities, so firm set, so massive, and strong. You may
always know it instantly, whether as a wintry skeleton form, bare, and
gnarled, and angular, or in its summer garb of rich and finely massed
foliage, always the monarch of the woods.

       *       *       *       *       *

    True is, that whilome that good poet said,
    The gentle mind by gentle deeds is known,
    For man by nothing is so well bewrayed
    As by his manners, in which plain is shown
    Of what degree and what race he is grown.

    _Spenser._

       *       *       *       *       *

    How vain are all hereditary honours,
    Those poor possessions from another’s deeds,
    Unless our own just virtues form our title,
    And give a sanction to our fond assumption!

    _Shirley._

       *       *       *       *       *

                          Whoe’er amidst the sons
    Of reason, valour, liberty, and virtue,
    Displays distinguished merit, is a noble
    Of nature’s own creating. Such have risen,
    Sprung from the dust; or where had been our honours?

    _Thomson._

       *       *       *       *       *

LIFE OF AN OAK TREE.

    Long centuries have come and passed
      Since, in a stormy wind,
    An acorn fell one autumn day,
      Like thousands of his kind.

    The wild swine fed in the forests then,
      And hungry beasts were they;
    They crunched the mast where’er it fell,
      And they feasted well that day.

    But as they trampled all about
      With heavy hoofs, they trod
    That acorn--perchance hundreds more--
      Deep in the yielding sod.

    Years came and went.--The acorn grew
      And became a young Oak tree;
    With a slender, straight, and flexile stem,
      Dressed in rich greenery.

    Time passeth on.--The young tree rose
      A bold and noble thing;
    Each summer showed a leafier crest,
      And a longer shoot each spring.

    There came into the ancient wood
      Some stern official men;
    They marked the fairest, loftiest trees,
      And they were doomèd then.

    They glanced upon the tall young Oak,
      And quickly passed it by,
    And laughing harshly, said ’twould do
      By the next century.

    Soon through the forest’s solemn glades
      There rang that deathful sound,
    The woodman’s axe;--and crashing fell
      Trunks, branches, all around.

    Craftsmen of many kinds there came
      For that oak timber good,
    And carried it in loads away
      From its old native wood.

    Some floated far o’er ocean’s waves
      Mid stormy winds and squalls,
    Both merchant-ships, and men-of-war,
      “Old England’s Wooden Walls.”

    Some, raised on high, with rare device
      The royal roof support,
    And look down in the banquet-hall
      On king, and queen, and court.

    Some, quaintly carved, and polished fair,
      May shrine a pictured face,
    Of Dolci’s gentle loveliness,
      Or Raphael’s angel grace.

    And many a toilet mirror owes,
      Its flowered and gilded frame
    To the good trees of which I sing:--
      Well have they won their fame!

    And massive tables, that have once
      Groaned ’neath baronial fare,
    If they could talk of that Oak wood,
      Might tell of dwelling there.--

    The young Oak tree yet statelier grew,
      And broader spread its shade,
    And the dappled deer lay sheltered ’neath
      The canopy it made.

    Years came and went.--The Oak tree stood
      In full-grown prime and pride,
    And lords of various mind and mood
      Possessed those woodlands wide.

    The first, a reckless forester,
      Loved horse, and hawk, and hound,
    And he chased all o’er his wide domains,
      Wellnigh the whole year round.

    His lady fair, as dames were wont,
      In those long bygone days,
    Loved hawking too; and gallant trains
      She led through forest ways.

    ’Twas a merry and a winsome thing,
      When lord, and squire, and knight
    Rode forth, mid bugles ringing shrill,
      With dainty ladies bright,
    To sweep along by vale and hill,
      Or through the forest glade,
    Where the echoes of their laughter light
      A merry music made.

    And oft they reined their palfreys in
      Beneath the young Oak tree,
    And oft foretold how grand a thing
      In after-time ’twould be.

    These jocund sports passed all away;
      For direful civil war
    Spread its fell curse throughout the land,
      Wasting it near and far.

    And the next lord these broad lands had,
      A warrior stern was he,
    He dwelt with camps and cannon more
      Than sylvan glade and tree.

    He died in battle; and his lands
      By craft and deeds unfair,
    His brother claimed and won, although
      His infant son was heir.

    This hard, bad man was miserly,
      And loved no thing save gold;
    He soon marked out the stately tree,
      To be cut down and sold.

    What was its beauty unto him?--
      The grand and noble thing!
    His dull eyes only measured well
      What moneys it would bring.

    But while he doomed the lordly oak,
      His wicked life ebbed low,
    And suddenly, death summoned him
      From his ill-got hoards to go.

    The grand estate--the ancient hall,
      The woods, and wealth untold,
    Came then unto that warrior’s child,
      A boy of ten years old.

    He was a thoughtful, quiet boy,
      For though yet young in years,
    His mother’s sorrows and his own
      Had made him old in tears.

    And with a calm and gentle joy
      Came home that youthful heir,
    For his chief source of gladness was,
      To bring his mother there:--

    To watch her sadly smile to see
      Again each well-known spot,
    Where days of happiness had passed,
      That ne’er could be forgot:--

    To have her former state restored,
      Maidens, and serving-men;
    And garments, richer than of old,
      He bade them bring her then.

    The gardens, that the miser had
      Left all untrimmed and bare,
    Were planted, pruned, and decked anew,
      And stored with all things rare.

    But chiefly did the lady love
      One glade within the wood,
    The shady glade, where broad and high,
      The noble Oak tree stood.

    Sad memories, yet sweet ones too,
      For her that lone spot bore:
    ’Twas there she parted from her lord
      To meet on earth no more!

    ’Twas there, beneath that tree, he spoke
      His last, _last_ fond farewell!
    From thence she watched him ride away
      The eve before he fell:--
    No marvel that sad lady loved
      The silent spot so well!

    And there they oft together came,
      The lady and the boy,
    For he to her was all on earth,
      Her one sole living joy.

    And long years after, when she slept
      Her warrior’s tomb beside,
    When the boy had grown an aged man,
      With grandsons by his side:--

    That ancient wood he reverenced;
      And peasants, when they spoke
    Of the old tree within the glade,
      Called it--the Lady’s Oak.

    I know the spot--though strangely time
      Hath altered all around,
    Where once the forest’s stillness lay,
      Now whirling wheels resound.

    A large and busy peopled town
      E’en on that spot we see,
    Where dappled deer and timid birds
      Dwelt fearlessly and free.

    But I remember when a child,
      One old and mouldering shell
    Of a most ancient, huge Oak tree
      Stood near the public well.

    I’ve sat within it many a time,
      In childish sport and play,
    And much I mourned to see at last
      The trunk quite cleared away.

    Soon they built there a fine new street,
      And noisy coaches sweep
    With roar and riot,--even where
      That lady came to weep!

    Each passing year we note a change
      In ancient things and new;
    And if we see so much in one,
      What may not hundreds do?

    _Louisa A. Twamley._

       *       *       *       *       *

                        There’s no power
    In ancestry, to make the foolish wise,
    The ignorant learned, the cowardly and base
    Deserving our respect as brave and good.
    All men feel this: nor dares the despot say
    His fiat can endow with truth the soul,
    Or, like a pension, on the heart bestow
    The virtues current in the realms above.
    Hence man’s best riches must be gained--not given;
    His noblest name deserved, and not derived.

    _Mrs. Hale._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Some men are born to endure the toil and strife
      And heavy burdens of the earth. They are
    The pillars in the temple of this life,
      Its strength and ornament; or, hidden far
    Beneath, they form its firm foundation-stone.
    In nobleness they stand distinct and lone,
      Yet other men upon them lean, and fain
    (Such selfishness in human bosoms swells)
      Would lay on them the weight of their own pain.
    Where greatness is, a patient spirit dwells;
      They least repine who bear and suffer most:
    In still and stern endurance they sustain
    The ills whereof all weaker minds complain;
      And in their blessed lot they stand, without a sigh or boast.

    _MacKellar._




YEW.... _Sorrow_.


The Yew is among all nations an emblem of sorrow. Its bare trunk, and
dark foliage, with which its fruit, looking like drops of blood, stands
in harsh contrast, excite in us a sort of aversion. Persons who sleep
under a Yew tree are liable to be seized with dizziness, heaviness, and
violent headache. Its juice is poisonous, and the tree exhausts the soil
which supports it, and destroys all other plants which spring up beneath
it. The Yew was planted in old English burying-grounds, and its wood was
commonly employed for making bows and arrows before the introduction of
fire-arms. The Greeks, impressed with the melancholy aspect of this
tree, invented the fable of the unhappy Smilax; who, seeing that her
love was rejected by young Crocus, was transformed into a Yew.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Who that hath ever been,
      Could bear to be no more?
    Yet who would tread again the scene
      He trod through life before?

    _Montgomery._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast;
    Which thou wilt propagate, to have them prest
    With more of thine: this love, that thou hast shown,
    Doth add more grief to too much of mine own.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    And sorrowing friends stood round the bed
      Whereon a form was lying:
    ’Twas Ellen;--there the suffering saint,
    Without a murmur or complaint,
      In peace and hope was dying.
    A silence deep as death was there
      When her true soul departed;
    And grace and mercy crowned her end
      Who lived the broken-hearted.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    When the cold breath of sorrow is sweeping
      O’er the chords of the youthful heart,
    And the earnest eye, dimmed with strange weeping,
      Sees the visions of fancy depart;
    When the bloom of young feeling is dying,
      And the heart throbs with passion’s fierce strife
    When our sad days are wasted in sighing,
      Who then can find sweetness in life?

    _Mrs. Embury._

       *       *       *       *       *

    He is dead. Those words toll on the ear,
    The knell of hopes, and fears, and fleshy aims.
    The spirit light has cast a farewell beam--
    Has shaken off its way-worn gear, and winged
    To heaven. Sorrow will demand her tears,
    For he was lovely, and leaves a hollow
    In our near-drawn sphere which none may upclose.
    But thoughts of heaven, through tears, will light us,
    Making that refresh which seemed to blast!

    _C. Watson._




DEAD LEAVES.... _Death_.


A more appropriate emblem of death than the remains of the forest’s
refreshing verdure could not be selected. Withered by the chill breath
of ruthless Winter, the leaves strew the earth; and, in time, mingle
with the dust, like ourselves. The eye cannot help watching how the
winds pursue, scatter, whirl, and drive these remnants of departed life.

       *       *       *       *       *

    No longer mourn for me when I am dead.
      Then you shall hear the surly, sullen bell
    Give warning to the world that I am fled
      From this vile world, with vilest worms to dwell.
    Nay, if you read this line, remember not
      The hand that writ it, for I love you so,
    That I in your sweet thoughts would be forgot,
      If thinking of me then should work you wo!

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Now shall my verse, which thou in life didst grace,
    Not leave thee in the grave, that ugly place,
    That few regard, or have respect unto:
    Where all attendance and observance ends;
    Where all the sunshine of our favour sets;
    Where what was ill no countenance defends,
    And what was good the unthankful world forgets.

    _Daniel._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Hence, profane grim man! nor dare
    To approach so neere my faire.
    Marble vaults, and gloomy caves,
    Church-yards, charnell-houses, graves,
    Where the living loath to be,
    Heaven hath designed to thee.
    But if needs ’mongst us thou’lt rage,
    Let thy fury feed on age.

    _Habington._

       *       *       *       *       *

    So doth the swiftly turning wheel not stand
    I’ the instant we withdraw the moving hand,
    But some short time retains a faint, weak course,
    By virtue of the first impulsive force;
    And so, whilst I cast on thy funeral pile
    Thy crown of bays, oh let it crack awhile,
    And spit disdain, till the devouring flashes
    Suck all the moisture up, then turn to ashes.

    _Carew._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ah! thou hast left to live; and in the time
    When scarce thou blossom’dst in thy pleasant prime:
    So falls by northern blast a virgin rose,
    At half that doth her bashful bosom close;
    So a sweet flower languishing decays,
    That late did blush when kissed by Phœbus’ rays;
    So Phœbus mounting the meridian’s height,
    Choked by pale Phœbe faints unto our sight;
    Astonished Nature sullen stands to see
    The life of all this all so changed to be;
    In gloomy gowns the stars this loss deplore,
    The sea with murmuring mountains beats the shore.

    _Drummond._

       *       *       *       *       *

              Death is the crown of life:
    Were death denied, poor men would live in vain;
    Were death denied, to live would not be life:
    Were death denied, even fools would wish to die.

    _Young._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Death is the sea, and we like rivers flow
    To lose our selves in the insatiate maine,
    Whence rivers may, she ne’er returne againe.
    Nor grieve this christall streame so soone did fall
    Into the ocean; since shee perfumed all
    The banks she past, so that each neighbour field
    Did sweete flowers cherish by her watring, yeeld,
    Which now adorne her herse.

    _Habington._

       *       *       *       *       *

    We bore him to the grave while yet ’twas morn,
      The winter sunlight shining on his coffin:
    The weight of grief was heavy to be borne,
      And the salt tears rose in our eyelids often.
    We slowly walked in mutely sad procession;
      The pitying people freely made us way;
    And the blest child, yet guiltless of transgression,
      We softly placed between the walls of clay.
      We sang a hymn--we bowed our heads to pray;
    And GOD, who had our bitter grief appointed,
    Sent also strengthening grace by lips anointed.
      We looked again on George as low he lay
    Deep in the earth; and when we homeward went,
    We felt his home was better ’yond the firmament.

    _MacKellar._




MISTLETOE.... _I climb to greatness_.


The Mistletoe is a creeping plant which grows on the tops of the tallest
trees. The proud oak is its slave, and nourishes it with his own
substance. The Druids paid a kind of adoration to it, as the emblem of a
weakness that was superior to strength: they regarded the tyrant of the
oak as equally formidable to men and gods.

       *       *       *       *       *

                      ’Tis a common proof,
    That lowliness is young ambition’s ladder,
    Whereto the climber upwards turns his face:
    But when he once attains the upmost round,
    He then unto the ladder turns his back,
    Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees
    By which he did ascend.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

      He who ascends to mountain-tops shall find
        The loftiest peaks most wrapt in clouds and snow;
      He who surpasses or subdues mankind
        Must look down on the hate of those below.
      Though high above the sun of glory glow,
        And far beneath the earth and ocean spread,
      Round him are icy rocks, and loudly blow
        Contending tempests on his naked head,
    And thus reward the toils which to those summits led.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

            Ye gods, it doth amaze me,
    A man of such a feeble temper should
    So get the start of the majestic world,
    And bear the palm alone.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

                On the summit see,
    The seals of office glitter in his eyes;
    He climbs,--he pants,--he grasps them. At his heels,
    Close at his heels, a demagogue ascends,
    And with a dexterous jerk soon twists him down,
    And wins them, but to lose them in his turn.

    _Cowper._

       *       *       *       *       *

    If any man must fall for me to rise,
      Then seek I not to rise. Another’s pain
      I choose not for my good. A golden chain--
    A robe of honour is too poor a prize
      To tempt my hasty hand to do a wrong
    Unto a fellow man. This life hath wo
    Sufficient, wrought by man’s satanic foe;
      And who that hath a heart would dare prolong
    Or add unto the sorrows of a soul
    That seeks some healing balm to make it whole?
      My bosom owns the brotherhood of man;
    From GOD and truth a renegade is he
    Who scorns a poor man in his poverty,
      Or on his fellow lays a supercilious ban.

    _MacKellar._




ASH TREE.... _Grandeur_.


       *       *       *       *       *

                      It is sure,
    Stamped by the seal of nature, that the well
    Of mind, where all its waters gather pure,
    Shall with unquestioned spell all hearts allure.
    Wisdom enshrined in beauty--Oh! how high
    The order of that loveliness.

    _Percival._

       *       *       *       *       *

      The sky is changed!--and such a change! O night,
        And storm, and darkness, ye are wondrous strong,
      Yet lovely in your strength, as is the light
        Of a dark eye in woman! Far along,
      From peak to peak, the rattling crags among
        Leaps the live thunder! Not from one lone cloud,
      But every mountain now hath found a tongue,
        And Jura answers, through her misty shroud,
    Back to the joyous Alps, who call to her aloud!
      And this is in the night:--most glorious night!
        Thou wert not sent for slumber! let me be
      A sharer in thy fierce and far delight,--
        A portion of the tempest and of thee!
      How the lit lake shines, a phosphoric sea,
        And the big rain comes dancing to the earth!
      And now again ’tis black,--and now, the glee
        Of the loud hills shakes with its mountain mirth,
    As if they did rejoice o’er a young earthquake’s birth.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I’ll go along, no such sight to be shown,
    But to rejoice in splendour of mine own.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

      But lo! the dome--the vast and wondrous dome,
        To which Diana’s marvel was a cell--
      Christ’s mighty shrine above his martyr’s tomb!
        I have beheld the Ephesian’s miracle--
      Its columns strew the wilderness, and dwell
        The hyæna and the jackal in their shade;
      I have beheld Sophia’s bright roofs swell
        Their glittering mass i’ the sun, and have surveyed
    Its sanctuary the while the usurping Moslem prayed;
      But thou, of temples old, or altars new,
        Standest alone--with nothing like to thee--
      Worthiest of GOD, the holy and the true.
        Since Zion’s desolation, when that He
      Forsook his former city, what could be,
        Of earthly structures in his honour piled,
        Of a sublimer aspect? Majesty,
        Power, glory, strength, and beauty, all are aisled
    In this eternal ark of worship undefiled.
      Enter: its grandeur overwhelms thee not;
        And why? it is not lessened; but thy mind,
      Expanded by the genius of the spot,
        Has grown colossal, and can only find
      A fit abode wherein appear enshrined
        Thy hopes of immortality; and thou
      Shalt one day, if found worthy, so defined,
        See thy God face to face, as thou dost now
    His Holy of Holies, nor be blasted by his brow.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    What peremptory, eagle-sighted eye
    Dares look upon the heaven of her brow,
    That is not blinded by her majesty?

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

                    The glorious sun
    Stays in his course, and plays the alchymist,
    Turning, with splendour of his precious eye,
    The meagre, cloddy earth to glittering gold.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

      No! I shall never lose the trace,
      Of what I’ve felt in this bright place;
    And should my spirit’s hope grow weak,--
      Should I, O God! forget thy power,
    This mighty scene again I’ll seek,
      At the same calm and glowing hour;
    And here at the sublimest shrine
      That nature ever reared to thee,
    Rekindle all that hope divine,
      And feel my immortality!

    _Moore._




CHAMOMILE.... _Energy in Adversity_.


                            Italy!
    Time, which hath wronged thee with ten thousand rents
    Of thine imperial garment, shall deny,
    And hath denied, to every other sky,
    Spirits which soar from ruin:--thy decay
    Is still impregnate with divinity.
    Which gilds it with revivifying ray.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I said to Penury’s meagre train,
      Come on--your threats I brave;
    My last poor life-drop you may drain,
      And crush me to the grave;
    Yet still the spirit that endures,
      Shall mock your force the while,
    And meet each cold, cold grasp of yours
                      With bitter smile.

    I said to cold Neglect and Scorn,
      Pass on--I heed you not;
    Ye may pursue me till my form
      And being are forgot;
    Yet still, the spirit which you see
      Undaunted by your wiles,
    Draws from its own nobility
                      Its high-born smiles.

    _Mrs. Hale._

       *       *       *       *       *

            When a great mind falls,
    The noble nature of man’s generous heart
    Doth bear him up against the shame of ruin,
    With gentle censure, using but his faults
    As modest means to introduce his praise;
    For pity, like a dewy twilight, comes
    To close th’ oppressive splendour of his day,
    And they who but admired him in his height
    His altered state lament, and love him fallen.

    _Joanna Baillie._

       *       *       *       *       *

      Oh, more or less than man--in high or low,
        Battling with nations, flying from the field;
      Now making monarchs’ necks thy footstool, now
        More than thy meanest soldier taught to yield;
      An empire thou couldst crush, command, rebuild,
        But govern not thy pettiest passion, nor,
      However deeply in men’s spirits skilled,
        Look through thine own, nor curb the lust of war,
    Nor learn that tempted fate will leave the loftiest star.
      Yet well thy soul hath brooked the turning tide
        With that untaught innate philosophy,
      Which, be it wisdom, coldness, or deep pride,
        Is gall and wormwood to an enemy.
      When the whole host of hatred stood hard by,
        To watch and mock thee shrinking, thou hast smiled
      With a sedate and all-enduring eye;--
        When fortune fled her spoiled and favourite child,
    He stood unbowed beneath the ills upon him piled.

    _Byron._




CITRON.... _Estrangement_.


    Ev’n as one heat another heat expels,
    Or as one nail by strength drives out another;
    So the remembrance of my former love
    Is by a newer object quite forgotten.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Few years have passed since thou and I
      Were firmest friends, at least in name,
    And childhood’s gay sincerity
      Preserved our feelings long the same.
    But now, like me, too well thou know’st
      What trifles oft the heart recall;
    And those who once have loved the most
      Too soon forget they loved at all.
    And such the change the heart displays,
      So frail is early friendship’s reign,
    A month’s brief lapse, perhaps a day’s,
      Will view thy mind estranged again.
    If so, it never shall be mine
      To mourn the loss of such a heart;
    The fault was Nature’s fault, not thine,
      Which made thee fickle as thou art.
    As rolls the ocean’s changing tide,
      So human feelings ebb and flow;
    And who would in a breast confide
      Where stormy passions ever glow?

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Tis otherwise decreed, and I submit!
      Alone I guide my bark adown the stream;
    Dark is the voyage, around the night-birds flit,
      The waves are tinged by no sweet-smiling beam.
    And now I breathe the parting word--Farewell!
      And now, the cords which fondly bind, I sever!
    Break from the scenes I once had loved so well,--
      And tear thine image from my heart for ever!

    _J. W. Hanson._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Farewell, Theresa! that cloud which over
      Yon moon this moment gathering we see,
    Shall scarce from her pure path have passed, ere thy lover
      Swift o’er the wide wave shall wander from thee.
    Long, like that dim cloud, I’ve hung around thee,
      Darkening thy prospects, saddening thy brow;
    With gay heart, Theresa, and bright cheek I found thee;
      Oh! think how changed, love, how changed art thou now!
    But here I free thee: like one awaking
      From fearful slumber, this dream thou’lt tell;
    The bright moon her spell too is breaking,
      Past are the dark clouds; Theresa, farewell!

    _Moore._




DRAGON PLANT.... _You are near a snare_.


                            He secretly
    Puts pirate’s colours out at both our sterns,
    That we might fight each other in mistake,
    That he should share the ruin of us both!

    _Crown._

    His tongue was soft as velvet leaf,
      His poison-fangs concealing;
    But where he stung, the festering wound
      Was past the art of healing.
    “Beware of him whose speech is smooth,”
      The mother spake her daughter;
    “The deepest depths are ever found
      Where flows the smoothest water.”
    “His heart is like an angel’s heart,”
      The daughter spake her mother;
    “He seeks to be to thee and me
      A loving son and brother.”
    She listened to his guileful tale,
      Nor heeded words of warning;
    Ah! bitterly did future pain
      Repay her present scorning.
    For Robin laid his cunning game
      With art so deep and skilful,
    That gentle Ellen’s mind was turned
      To disobedience wilful.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Is there no way to save thee? minutes fly,
    And thou art lost! _thou!_ my sole benefactor,
    The only being who was constant to me
    Through every change. Yet, make me not a traitor!
    Let me save thee--but spare my honour!

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Ah, heedless girl! why thus disclose
      What ne’er was meant for other ears?
    Why thus destroy thine own repose,
      And dig the source of future tears?
    Oh! thou wilt weep, imprudent maid,
      While lurking, envious foes will smile,
    For all the follies thou hast said,
      Of those who spoke but to beguile.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Again, I tell thee, ask not; but by all
    Thou boldest dear on earth or heaven--by all
    The souls of thy great fathers, and thy hope
    To emulate them, and to leave behind
    Descendants worthy both of them and thee--
    By all thou hast of blest in hope or memory--
    By all thou hast to fear here or hereafter--
    By all the good deeds thou hast done to me,
    Good I would now repay with greater good,
    Remain within--trust to thy household gods
    And to my word for safety, if thou dost
    As I now counsel--but if not, thou art lost!

    _Byron._




REED.... _Single Blessedness_.


    But earlier is the rose distilled,
    Than that which withering on the virgin thorn
    Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Love not, love not; the thing you love may change;
      The rosy lip may cease to smile on you,
    The kindly beaming eye grow cold and strange,
      The heart still warmly beat, and not for you.

    _Mrs. Norton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Alone! alone! how drear it is always to be alone!
    In such a depth of wilderness, the only thinking one!
    The waters in their path rejoice, the trees together sleep--
    But I have not one silver voice upon my ear to creep!

    _Willis._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Do any thing but love; or, if thou lovest,
    And art a woman, hide thy love from him
    Whom thou dost worship. Never let him know
    How dear he is; flit like a bird before him;
    Lead him from tree to tree, from flower to flower;
    But be not won; or thou wilt, like that bird,
    When caught and caged, be left to pine neglected,
    And perish in forgetfulness.

    _Miss Landon._

       *       *       *       *       *

    O many a summer’s morning glow
      Has lent the rose its ray,
    And many a winter’s drifting snow
      Has swept its bloom away;
    But she has kept the faithless pledge
      To this, her winter hour,
    And keeps it still, herself alone,
      And wasted like the flower.

    _O. W. Holmes._

       *       *       *       *       *

    My heart is with its early dream;
      It cannot turn away
    To seek again the joys of earth,
      And mingle with the gay.
    The dew-nursed flower that lifts its brow
      Beneath the shades of night,
    Must wither when the sunbeam sheds
      Its too resplendent light.
    My heart is with its early dream,
      And vainly love’s soft power
    Would seek to charm that heart anew,
      In some unguarded hour.
    I would not that some gentle one
      Should hear my frequent sigh;
    The deer that bears its death-wound, turns
      In loneliness to die.

    _Mrs. Embury._




FENNEL.... _Strength_.


    Oh, fear not in a world like this,
      And thou shalt know ere long,
    Know how sublime a thing it is,
      To suffer and grow strong.

    _Longfellow._

       *       *       *       *       *

    As the slow beast with heavy strength indued
    In some wide field by troops of boys pursued,
    Though round his sides a wooden tempest rain,
    Crops the tall harvest, and lays waste the plain;
    Thick on his hide the hollow blows resound,
    The patient animal maintains his ground,
    Scarce from the field with all their efforts chased,
    And stirs but slowly when he stirs at last.
    On Ajax thus a weight of Trojans hung,
    The strokes redoubled on his buckler rung;
    Confiding now in bulky strength he stands,
    Now turns, and backward bears the yielding bands:
    Now stiff recedes, yet hardly seems to fly,
    And threats his followers with retorted eye.
    Fixed as the bar between two warring powers,
    While hissing darts descend in iron showers:
    In his broad buckler many a weapon stood,
    Its surface bristled with a quivering wood;
    And many a javelin, guiltless, on the plain
    Marks the dry dust, and thirsts for blood in vain.

    _Pope._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Thrice sounds the clarion; lo! the signal falls,
      The den expands, and expectation mute
    Gapes round the silent circle’s peopled walls.
      Bounds with one lashing spring the mighty brute,
    And, wildly staring, spurns, with sounding foot,
      The sand, nor blindly rushes on his foe:
    Here, there, he points his threatening front, to suit
      His first attack, wide waving to and fro
    His angry tail; red rolls his eye’s dilated glow.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

                  The lusty strength of youth
    Is better far than proud decrepitude.
    With mind and might and fortitude endued,
      We stand erect and fight for present truth.
    We’re in the young delight of new existence;
      The ardent blood leaps lively in our veins;
    The dim traditions glimmering in the distance
      We scorn, for objects worthier manly pains.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    He that of such a height hath built his mind,
    And reared the dwelling of his thoughts so strong,
    As neither fear nor hope can shake the frame
    Of his resolved powers; nor do all the wind
    Of vanity or malice pierce to wrong
    His settled peace, or to disturb the same:
    What a fair seat hath he, from whence he may
    The boundless wastes and weilds of man survey!

    _Daniel._




COXCOMB.... _Singularity_.


    Go then, and if you can, admire the state
    Of beaming diamonds, and reflected plate;
    Procure a taste to double the surprise,
    And gaze on Parian charms with learned eyes:
    Be struck with bright brocade, or Tyrian dye,
    Or birth-day nobles’ splendid livery.

    _Pope._

       *       *       *       *       *

    He also had a quality uncommon
      To early risers after a long chase,
    Who wake in winter ere the cock can summon
      December’s drowsy day to his dull race,--
    A quality agreeable to woman,
      When her soft liquid words run on apace,
    Who likes a listener, whether saint or sinner,--
    He did not fall asleep just after dinner;
    But, light and airy, stood on the alert,
      And shone in the best part of dialogue,
    By humouring always what they might assert,
      And listening to the topics most in vogue;
    Now grave, now gay, but never dull or pert;
      And smiling but in secret--cunning rogue!
    He ne’er presumed to make an error clearer;
    In short, there never was a better hearer.

    _Byron._




GRASS.... _Submission_.


According to the Greek historians, Grass was made the symbol of
submission, because the ancient nations of the West gathered Grass and
presented it to the conqueror, to show that they confessed themselves
overcome. The grass is trodden under foot by imperial man; and, instead
of returning to its former vigour with elastic spring, or punishing its
violator like the nettle, yields to its fate--spiritless submission.

       *       *       *       *       *

              It grieves me to the soul
    To see how man submits to man’s control;
    How overpowered and shackled minds are led
    In vulgar tracks, and to submission bred.

    _Crabbe._

       *       *       *       *       *

    You shall be as a father to my youth,
    My voice shall sound as you do prompt mine ear;
    And I will stoop and humble my intents
    To your well practised, wise directions.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

                    Romans now
    Have thews and limbs like to their ancestors;
    But, wo the while! our fathers’ minds are dead,
    And we are governed with our mother’s spirits;
    Our yoke and sufferance show us womanish.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    E’en liberty itself is bartered here.
    At gold’s superior charms all freedom flies,
    The needy sell it, and the rich man buys;
    A land of tyrants, and a den of slaves,
    Here wretches seek dishonourable graves,
    And, calmly bent, to servitude conform,
    Dull as their lakes that slumber in the storm.

    _Goldsmith._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Yet, still the loss of wealth is here supplied
    By arts, the splendid wrecks of former pride;
    From these the feeble heart and long-fallen mind
    An easy compensation seem to find.
    Here may be seen, in bloodless pomp arrayed,
    The pasteboard triumph and the cavalcade;
    Processions formed for piety and love,
    A mistress or a saint in every grove.
    By sports like these are all their cares beguiled,
    The sports of children satisfy the child;
    Each nobler aim, repressed by long control,
    Now sinks at last, or feebly mans the soul;
    While low delights, succeeding fast behind,
    In happier meanness occupy the mind:
    As in those domes, where Cæsars once bore sway,
    Defaced by time and tottering in decay,
    There in the ruin, heedless of the dead,
    The shelter-seeking peasant builds his shed;
    And, wondering man could want the larger pile,
    Exults, and owns his cottage with a smile.

    _Goldsmith._




FIR.... _Time_.


    What does not fade? the tower, that long had stood
    The crush of thunder and the warring winds,
    Shook by the slow, but sure destroyer, Time,
    Now hangs in doubtful ruins o’er its base,
    And flinty pyramids and walls of brass
    Descend; the Babylonian spires are sunk;
    Achaia, Rome, and Egypt moulder down.
    Time shakes the stable tyranny of thrones,
    And tottering empires crush by their own weight.

    _Armstrong._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The clock upon the mantel-piece is ticking;
      Thus hour by hour it tolls a funeral chime:
    By day and night its calm and constant clicking
      Denotes the speed of the old traveller Time.
    It is a solemn voice. Who hath an ear
    To hear its warning accents, let him hear,
      And preparation make to meet the day
    When he, alone, shall lie upon the brink
    Of human life, and death shall bid him drink
      The hemlock cup that none can put away.
    What though man turn from the unwelcome theme,
      Will Time sit still for man’s forgetfulness?--
    To watch and wake were wiser than to dream
      And wake at last to wo remediless.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

      The world’s great age begins anew,
        The golden years return,
      The earth doth like a snake renew
        Her winter weeds outworn:
    Heaven smiles, and faiths and empires gleam
    Like wrecks of a dissolving dream.
      A brighter Hellas rears its mountains
        From waves serener far;
      A new Peneus rolls its fountains
        Against the morning-star.
      Where fairer Tempes bloom, there sleep
      Young Cyclads, on a sunnier deep;
      A loftier Argos cleaves the main,
        Fraught with a later prize;
      Another Orpheus sings again,
        And loves, and weeps, and dies.
      A new Ulysses leaves once more
      Calypso for his native shore.
      Oh, write no more the tale of Troy,
        If earth Death’s scroll must be!
      Nor mix with Laian rage the joy
        Which dawns upon the free:
      Although a subtile sphinx renew
      Riddles of death Thebes never knew,
      Another Athens shall arise,
        And to remoter time
      Bequeath, like sunset to the skies,
        The splendour of its prime;
      And leave, if naught so bright may live,
      All earth can take or heaven can give.
      Saturn and Love their long repose
        Shall burst, more wise and good
      Than all who fell, than one who rose,
        Than many unwithstood--
      Not gold, nor blood, their altar dowers,
      But native tears and symbol flowers.
      Oh cease! must hate and death return?
        Cease! must men kill and die?
      Cease! drain not to its dregs the urn
        Of bitter prophecy.
      The world is weary of the past--
      Oh, might it die or rest at last!

    _Shelley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Time past and time to come are not--
    Time present is our only lot;
    O God, henceforth our hearts incline
    To seek no other love than thine!

    _Montgomery._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Then haste thee, Time--’tis kindness all
      That speeds thy winged feet so fast;
    Thy pleasures stay not till they pall,
      And all thy pains are quickly past.

    _Bryant._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Time hath, my lord, a wallet at his back,
    Wherein he puts alms for oblivion,
    A great-sized monster of ingratitudes:
    Those scraps are good deeds past: which are devoured
    As fast as they are made, forgotten as soon
    As done.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    As through a valley remote I strayed,
    Methought, beside a mouldering temple’s stone,
    The tale of whose dark structure was unknown,
    I saw the form of Time: his scythe’s huge blade
    Lay swathed in the grass, whose gleam was seen
    Fearful, as oft the wind, the tussocks green
    Moved stirring to and fro: the beam of morn
    Cast a dim lustre on his look forlorn;
    When touching a responsive instrument,
    Stern o’er the chords his furrowed brow he bent:
    Meantime a naked boy, with aspect sweet,
    Played smiling with the hour-glass at his feet!
    Apart from these, and in a verdant glade,
    A sleeping infant on the moss was laid,
    O’er which a female form her vigils kept,
    And watched it, softly-breathing as it slept.
    Then I drew nigh, and to my listening ear
    Came, stealing soft and slow, this ditty clear:

      “Lullaby, sing lullaby,--
      Sweetest babe, in safety lie;
      I thy mother sit and sing,
      Nor hear of Time the hurrying wing.
      Here, where innocence reposes,
        Fairy sylphs, your sports delay;
      Then the breath of morning roses
        From its bed of bliss convey.
      Lullaby, sing lullaby,--
      Sweetest babe, in safety lie;
      I thy mother sit and sing,
      Nor hear of Time the hurrying wing.”

    _Bowles._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Relentless Time! that steals with silent tread,
    Shall tear away the trophies of the dead.
    Fame, on the pyramid’s aspiring top,
    With sighs shall her recording trumpet drop;
    The feeble characters of Glory’s hand
    Shall perish, like the tracks upon the sand;
    But not with these expire the sacred flame
    Of virtue, or the good man’s awful name.

    _Bowles._

       *       *       *       *       *

    O Time! who know’st a lenient hand to lay
      Softest on sorrow’s wound, and slowly thence
      (Lulling to sad repose the weary sense)
    The faint pang stealest unperceived away;
    On thee I rest my only hope at last,
      And think, when thou hast dried the bitter tear
      That flows in vain o’er all my soul held dear,
    I may look back on every sorrow past,
    And meet life’s peaceful evening with a smile--
      As some lone bird, at day’s departing hour,
      Sings in the sunbeam, of the transient shower
    Forgetful, though its wings are wet the while:--
    Yet ah! how much must that poor heart endure,
    Which hopes from thee, and thee alone, a cure!

    _Bowles._




COMMON THISTLE.... _Misanthropy_.


    Who would seek or prize
      Delights that end in aching?
    Who would trust to ties
      That every hour are breaking?
    Better far to be
      In utter darkness lying,
    Than be blest with light, and see
      That light for ever flying.
    All that’s bright must fade,--
      The brightest still the fleetest,
    All that’s sweet was made
      But to be lost when sweetest!

    _Moore._

       *       *       *       *       *

                I had much rather see
    A crested dragon or a basilisk,
    Both are less poison to my eyes and nature.

    _Dryden._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Hate all, curse all: show charity to none;
    But let the famished flesh slide from the bone,
    Ere thou relieve the beggar: give to dogs
    What thou deniest to men; let prisons swallow them,
    Debts wither them to nothing: be men like blasted woods,
    And may diseases lick up their false bloods.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I am Misanthropos, and hate mankind:
    For thy part, I do wish thou wert a dog,
    That I might love thee something.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I’ll keep my way alone, and burn away--
    Evil or good I care not, so I spread
    Tremendous desolation on my road:
    I’ll be remembered as huge meteors are;
    From the dismay they scatter.

    _Proctor._

       *       *       *       *       *

    I see thou art implacable, more deaf
    To prayers than winds and seas; yet winds and seas
    Are reconciled at length, and sea to shore:
    Thy anger, unappeasable, still rages
    Eternal tempest never to be calm.

    _Milton._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Warped by the world in disappointment’s school.
    In words too wise, in conduct there a fool;
    Too firm to yield, and far too proud to stoop,
    Doomed by his very virtues for a dupe,
    He cursed those virtues as the cause of ill,
    And not the traitors who betrayed him still;
    Nor deemed that gifts bestowed on better men,
    Had left him joy, and means to give again.
    Feared, shunned, belied, ere youth had lost her force,
    He hated men too much to feel remorse,
    And thought the voice of wrath a sacred call,
    To pay the injuries of some on all.

    _Byron._

       *       *       *       *       *

      He has outsoared the shadow of our night;
      Envy and calumny, and hate and pain,
      And that unrest which men miscall delight,
      Can touch him not and torture not again;
      From the contagion of the world’s slow stain
      He is secure, and now can never mourn
      A heart grown cold, a head grown gray in vain;
      Nor, when the spirit’s self has ceased to burn,
    With sparkless ashes load an unlamented urn.

    _Shelley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    They too, who mid the scornful thoughts that dwell
      In his rich fancy, tinging all its streams,
    As if the Star of Bitterness which fell
      On earth of old, and touched them with its beams,
    Can track a spirit, which, though driven to hate,
    From Nature’s hands came kind, affectionate;
    And which, even now, struck as it is with blight,
    Comes out, at times, in love’s own native light--
    How gladly all, who’ve watched these struggling rays
    Of a bright, ruined spirit through his lays,
    Would here inquire, as from his own frank lips,
      What desolating grief, what wrongs had driven
    That noble nature into cold eclipse--
      Like some fair orb, that, once a sun in heaven,
    And born, not only to surprise, but cheer
    With warmth and lustre all within its sphere,
    Is now so quenched, that, of its grandeur, lasts
    Naught but the wide cold shadow which it casts!

    _Moore._




DEW PLANT.... _Serenade_.


    Inesilla! I am here:
    Thy own cavalier
    Is now beneath thy lattice playing:
    Why art thou delaying?

    He hath ridden many a mile
    But to see thy smile:
    The young light on the flowers is shining,
    Yet he is repining.

    What to him is a summer star,
    If his love’s afar?
    What to him the flowers perfuming,
    When his heart’s consuming?

    Sweetest girl! why dost thou hide?
    Beauty may abide
    Even before the eye of morning,
    And want no adorning.

    Now, upon their paths of light,
    Starry spirits bright
    To catch thy brighter glance are staying:
    Why art thou delaying?

    _Barry Cornwall._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Listen! from the forest boughs
      The voice-like angel of the spring
    Utters his soft vows
      To the proud rose blossoming.

    And now beneath thy lattice dear!
      I am like the bird complaining:
    Thou above (I fear)
      Like the rose disdaining.

    From her chamber in the skies
      Shouts the lark at break of morning,
    And when day-light flies
      Comes the raven’s warning.

    This of gloom and that of mirth
      In their mystic numbers tell;
    But thoughts of sweeter birth
      Teacheth the nightingale.

    _Barry Cornwall._




PINE.... _Pity_.


    Naught is there under Heaven’s wide hollowness
      That moves more dear compassion of the mind
    Than beauty brought to unworthy wretchedness
      Through envy’s snares, or fortune’s freaks unkind:
      I, whether lately through her brightness blind,
    Or through allegiance and vast fealty,
      Which I do owe unto all womankind,
    Feel my heart pierced with so great agony,
    When such I see, that all for pity I could die.

    _Spenser._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Like Ariadne, when in pale despair
      The Athenian left her,--so sad Eva pined,
    And so she went complaining to the air,
      And gave her tresses to the careless wind:--
      The colour of her fate was on her mind,
    Dark, death-like, and despairing;--and her eye
    Shone lustrous, like the light of prophecy.

    Over the grassy meads,--beside lone streams,
      To perilous heights which no weak step could reach,
    She wandered, feeding her unearthly dreams
      With musing, and would move the tremulous beech
      And shuddering aspen with imploring speech;
    For nothing that did live, save they (who sighed)
    Pitied the downfall of her amorous pride.

    _Barry Cornwall._

[Illustration: NARCISSUS, SCARLET, GERANIUM, MARIGOLD.

_Your self-love and stupidity excite my pity._]

       *       *       *       *       *

    Has Hope, like the bird in the story,
      That flitted from tree to tree
    With the talisman’s glittering glory--
      Has Hope been that bird to thee?
    On branch after branch alighting,
      The gem did she still display,
    And, when nearest and most inviting,
      Then waft the fair gem away!
    If thus the sweet hours have fleeted,
      When Sorrow herself looked bright;
    If thus the fond hope has cheated,
      That led thee along so light;
    If thus, too, the cold world wither
      Each feeling that once was dear;--
    Come, child of misfortune! come hither,
      I’ll weep with thee, tear for tear.

    _Moore._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The blind man groping cautiously his way
      Along the crowded pavement of a city,
      Has natural claims upon our tender pity.
    Whether ’twere night, or whether it were day,
      Would seem to make small difference to him
      Whose days and nights alike are ever dim;
    Yet still the tramp of human feet, and hum
      Of human voices, sweetly fill his ear;
      The surgings of the tides of life appear
    Like the deep sounds that from the ocean come
      At midnight to the listener. Pity’s glance
    Upon his form instinctively we throw;
      And while some sadness clouds our countenance,
    To GOD we pray to save us from such wo.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Come, chase that starting tear away,
      Ere mine to meet it springs;
    To-night, at least, to-night be gay,
      Whatever to-morrow brings!
    Like sunset gleams, that linger late
      When all is darkening fast,
    Are hours like these we snatch from Fate--
      The brightest and the last.

    _Moore._

       *       *       *       *       *

    ’Tis the last rose of summer,
      Left blooming alone;
    All her lovely companions
      Are faded and gone;
    No flower of her kindred,
      No rose-bud is nigh,
    To reflect back her blushes,
      Or give sigh for sigh!

    I’ll not leave thee, thou lone one,
      To pine on the stem;
    Since the lovely are sleeping,
      Go, sleep thou with them.
    Thus kindly I scatter
      Thy leaves o’er the bed,
    Where thy mates of the garden
      Lie scentless and dead.

    _Moore._




SAGE.... _Domestic Virtues_.


    At length his lonely cot appears in view,
    Beneath the shelter of an aged tree;
    Th’ expectant wee things, todlin stacher through
    To meet their dad, wi’ flichtering noise and glee;
    His wee-bit ingle blinkin bonilie,
    His clean hearth-stane, his thrifty wifie’s smile,
    The lisping infant prattling on his knee,
    Does a’ his weary kiaugh and care beguile,
    And makes him quite forget his labour and his toil.

    _Burns._

       *       *       *       *       *

    How warmly we are loved, we seldom learn
      Till pain and sorrow take our strength away;
    Then hearts too long estranged, to us will turn,
      And be at peace, as in a former day.
    Our true and loving wife more loving grows;
      Our little ones in pitying wonder stand
      Beside the bed and clasp our fevered hand;
    Their glistening eye the tear of feeling shows;
      And it may be, when evening calls to rest,
    They sadly kneel beside their mother’s chair,
    Their silvery voices blend in simple prayer,
      And for their sire they make a child’s request.
    The times of anguish vainly are not given.
    That lead a family to unity and heaven.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Poor madam now condemned to hack
    The rest of life with anxious Jack,
    Perceiving others fairly flown,
    Attempted pleasing him alone.
    Jack soon was dazzled to behold
    Her present face surpass the old:
    With modesty her cheeks are dyed,
    Humility displaces pride;
    For tawdry finery is seen
    A person ever neatly clean;
    No more presuming on her sway,
    She learns good nature every day;
    Serenely gay, and strict in duty,
    Jack finds his wife a perfect beauty.

    _Goldsmith._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Yes! let the rich deride, the proud disdain,
    These simple blessings of the lowly train,
    To me more dear, congenial to my heart,
    One native charm, than all the gloss of art:
    Spontaneous joys, where nature has its play,
    The soul adopts, and owns their first-born sway;
    Lightly they frolic o’er the vacant mind,
    Unenvied, unmolested, unconfined.
    But the long pomp, the midnight masquerade,
    With all the freaks of wanton wealth arrayed,
    In these, ere triflers half their wish obtain,
    The toiling pleasure sickens into pain:
    And e’en while fashion’s brightest arts decoy,
    The heart distrusting asks, if this be joy?

    _Goldsmith._

       *       *       *       *       *

    The first sure symptoms of a mind in health,
    Is rest of heart, and pleasure felt at home.

    _Young._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Nor need we power or splendour,--
      Wide hall or lordly dome;
    The good, the true, the tender,--
      These form the wealth of home.

    _Mrs. Hale._

       *       *       *       *       *

    His warm but simple home, where he enjoys
    With her who shares his pleasure and his heart,
    Sweet converse.

    _Cowper._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Home is the sphere of harmony and peace,
    The spot where angels find a resting-place,
    When, bearing blessings, they descend to earth.

    _Mrs. Hale._

       *       *       *       *       *

                      Home is the resort
    Of love, of joy, of peace, and plenty, where,
    Supporting and supported, polished friends
    And dear relations mingle into bliss.

    _Thomson._

       *       *       *       *       *

    An angel always dwells beneath the roof
    Where, in her virtue, a sweet wife fulfils
    Her gentle duties; and unnumbered ills
    From that love-guarded precinct keep aloof.

    _MacKellar._




LICHEN.... _Solitude_.


    How use doth breed a habit in a man!
    The shadowy desert, unfrequented woods,
    I better brook than flourishing peopled towns:
    There can I sit alone, unseen of any,
    And to the nightingale’s complaining notes
    Tune my distresses, and record my woes.

    _Shakspeare._

       *       *       *       *       *

    Full many a dreary hour have I past,
    My brain bewildered, and my mind o’ercast
    With heaviness; in seasons when I’ve thought
    No sphery strains by me could e’er be caught
    From the blue dome, though I to dimness gaze
    On the far depth where sheeted lightning plays;
    Or, on the wavy grass outstretched supinely,
    Pry ’mong the stars, to strive to think divinely:
    That I should never hear Apollo’s song,
    Though feathery clouds were floating all along
    The purple west, and, two bright streaks between,
    The golden lyre itself were dimly seen:
    That the still murmur of the honey-bee
    Would never teach a rural song to me:
    That the bright glance from beauty’s eyelids slanting
    Would never make a lay of mine enchanting,
    Or warm my breast with ardour to unfold
    Some tale of love and arms in time of old.

    _Keats._

       *       *       *       *       *

                                  No din
    Invades the temple of their mind;--the mirth
      And sighs of men are sounds to them unknown,
      Though well they know the spirit’s inward groan;
    And mortal agonies belong to them
      As well as to their fellow men; for death
      Hath passed on all who draw the vital breath,
    And where sin is, there doth the law condemn.
    Ah, hapless men! relentless Silence keeps
      Her watchpost at the portals of the ear;
      No heavenly word or sound approacheth near
    And music’s melting influence in lasting stillness sleeps.

    _MacKellar._

       *       *       *       *       *

    There was a poet whose untimely tomb
    No human hands with pious reverence reared,
    But the charmed eddies of autumnal winds
    Built o’er his mouldering bones a pyramid
    Of mouldering leaves in the waste wilderness;
    A lovely youth!--no mourning maiden decked
    With weeping flowers, or votive cypress wreath,
    The lone couch of his everlasting sleep:
    Gentle and brave, and generous, no lorn bard
    Breathed o’er his dark fate one melodious sigh:
    He lived, he died, he sang, in solitude.
    Strangers have wept to hear his passionate notes,
    And virgins, as unknown he past, have sighed
    And wasted for fond love of his wild eyes.
    The fire of those soft orbs has ceased to burn,
    And Silence, too, enamoured of that voice,
    Locks its mute music in her rugged cell.

    _Shelley._

       *       *       *       *       *

    How blest the Solitary’s lot,
    Who, all-forgetting, all-forgot,
      Within his humble cell,
    The cavern wild with tangling roots,
    Sits o’er his newly-gathered fruits,
      Beside his crystal well!
    Or, haply, to his evening thought,
      By unfrequented stream,
    The ways of men are distant brought,
      A faint collected dream:
        While praising, and raising
          His thoughts to heaven on high,
        As wand’ring, meand’ring,
          He views the solemn sky.
    Than I, no lonely hermit placed
    Where never human footstep traced,
      Less fit to play the part;
    The lucky moment to improve,
    And just to stop, and just to move,
      With self-respecting art:
    But ah! those pleasures, loves, and joys
      Which I too keenly taste,
    The Solitary can despise,
      Can want, and yet be blest!
        He needs not, he heeds not,
          Or human love or hate,
        Whilst I here must cry here,
          At perfidy ingrate!

    _Burns._




DEATH OF THE FLOWERS.


    The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the year,
    Of wailing winds, and naked woods, and meadows brown and sere.
    Heaped in the hollow of the grove, the withered leaves lie dead;
    They rustle to the eddying gust and to the rabbit’s tread.
    The robin and the wren are flown, and from the shrub the jay,
    And from the wood-top calls the crow, through all the gloomy day.
    Where are the flowers, the young fair flowers, that lately sprang and stood,
    In brighter light and softer airs, a beauteous sisterhood?
    Alas! they all are in their graves; the gentle race of flowers
    Are lying in their lonely beds, with the fair and good of ours.
    The rain is falling where they lie: but the cold November rain
    Calls not, from out the gloomy earth, the lovely ones again.
    The wind-flower and the violet, they perished long ago,
    And the wild-rose and the orchis died, amid the summer glow;
    But on the hill the golden-rod, and the aster in the wood,
    And the yellow sunflower by the brook, in autumn beauty stood,
    Till fell the frost from the clear cold heaven, as falls the plague on men,
    And the brightness of their smile was gone, from upland, glade, and glen.
    And now, when comes the calm mild day, as still such days will come,
    To call the squirrel and the bee from out their winter home;
    When the sound of dropping nuts is heard, though all the trees are still,
    And twinkle in the smoky light the waters of the rill,
    The south wind searches for the flowers whose fragrance late he bore,
    And sighs to find them in the wood and by the streams no more.
    And then I think of one who in her youthful beauty died,
    The fair meek blossom that grew up and faded by my side:
    In the cold moist earth we laid her, when the forest cast the leaf,
    And we wept that one so lovely should have a life so brief:
    Yet not unmeet it was that one, like that young friend of ours,
    So gentle and so beautiful, should perish with the flowers.

    _Bryant._




Dictionary of Flowers,

WITH THEIR EMBLEMATIC SIGNIFICATIONS.


Acacia                    Friendship.
---- Rose                 Elegance.
Acanthus                  The Arts.
Achillea millefolia       War.
Adonis, Flos              Painful Recollections.
Agrimony                  Thankfulness.
Almond-tree               Indiscretion.
Aloe                      Grief.
Amaranth                  Immortality.
Amaryllis                 Pride.
Anemone                   Forsaken.
----, Field               Sickness.
Angelica                  Inspiration.
Angrec                    Royalty.
Apple blossom             Preference.
Ash tree                  Grandeur.
Asphodel                  My Regrets follow you to the Grave.
Aster, China              Variety.
----                      After-thought.
Balm of Gilead            Cure.
---- Gentle               Joking.
Balsam                    Impatience.
Barberry                  Sourness of temper.
Basil                     Hate.
Beech                     Prosperity.
Bilberry                  Treachery.
Bladder-nut               Frivolous amusement.
Borage                    Bluntness.
Box tree                  Stoicism.
Bramble                   Envy.
Broom                     Humility.
----                      Ardour.
Buck-bean                 Calm repose.
Bugloss                   Falsehood.
Bulrush                   Indiscretion.
Burdock                   Touch me not.
Buttercup                 Ingratitude.

Cactus, Virginia          Horror.
Canterbury Bell           Constancy.
Catchfly                  Snare.
Champignon                Suspicion.
Cherry tree               Good education.
Chestnut tree             Do me justice.
Chicory                   Frugality.
Cinquefoil                Beloved daughter.
Circæa                    Spell.
Clematis                  Artifice.
Clot-bur                  Rudeness.
Clove tree                Dignity.
Columbine                 Folly.
Convolvulus, Night        Night.
Coriander                 Hidden merit.
Corn                      Riches.
Cornbottle                Delicacy.
Cornel Cherry tree        Durability.
Cowslip, American         You are my divinity.
Cress                     Resolution.
Crown Imperial            Power.
Cuscuta                   Meanness.
Cypress                   Mourning.

Daffodil                  Self-love.
Daisy                     Innocence.
----, Garden              I share your sentiments.
----, Wild                I will think of it.
Dandelion                 The rustic oracle.
Day-Lily, Yellow          Coquetry.
Dittany                   Childbirth.
Dock, Patience            Patience
Dodder                    Meanness.

Ebony tree                Blackness.
Eglantine                 Poetry.

Fennel                    Strength.
Fig                       Longevity.
Fir tree                  Elevation.
Flax                      I feel your kindness.
Flower-de-Luce            Flame.
Forget-Me-Not             Forget me not.
Fraxinella                Fire.
Fuller’s Teasel           Misanthropy.
Geranium, Pencilled leaf   Ingenuity.
----, Rose-scented         Preference.
----, Scarlet              Stupidity.
----, Sorrowful            Melancholy mind.
----, Wild                 Steadfast piety.
Grass                      Utility.

Hawthorn                   Hope.
Hazel                      Peace, reconciliation.
Heart’s-ease               Think of me.
Heath                      Solitude.
Heliotrope, Peruvian       Devoted attachment.
Hellenium                  Tears.
Hepatica                   Confidence.
Holly                      Foresight.
Hollyhock                  Ambition.
Honeysuckle                Generous and devoted affection.
Hop                        Injustice.
Hornbeam                   Ornament.
Horse-chestnut             Luxury.
Hortensia                  You are cold.
Hyacinth                   Game, play.

Ice-plant                  Your looks freeze me.
Ipomæa                     I attach myself to you.
Iris                       Message.
Ivy                        Friendship.

Jasmine                    Amiableness.
----, Carolina             Separation.
----, Indian               I attach myself to you.
Jonquil                    Desire.
Juniper                    Protection.

Larch                      Boldness.
Larkspur                   Lightness.
Laurel                     Glory.
Laurustinus                I die if neglected.
Lavender                   Mistrust.
Leaves, Dead               Sadness, melancholy.
Lilac                      First emotions of love.
----, White                Youth.
Lily                       Majesty.
Lily of the Valley         Return of happiness.
Linden tree                Conjugal love.
Liverwort                  Confidence.
London Pride               Frivolity.
Lotus                      Eloquence.
Lucern                     Life.

Madder                     Calumny.
Maiden Hair                Secrecy.
Mallow                     Beneficence.
Manchineel tree            Falsehood.
Mandrake                   Rarity.
Maple                      Reserve.
Marigold                   Grief.
----, Prophetic            Prediction.
---- and Cypress           Despair.
Marvel of Peru             Timidity.
Meadow Saffron             My best days are past.
Mezereon                   Coquetry.
----                       Desire to please.
Mignonette                 Your qualities surpass your charms.
Milkwort                   Hermitage.
Mistletoe                  I surmount all difficulties.
Moonwort                   Forgetfulness.
Moss                       Maternal Love.
Mulberry tree, Black       I shall not survive you.
----, White                Wisdom.
Musk-plant                 Weakness.
Myrobolan                  Privation.
Myrtle                     Love.

Narcissus                  Self-love.
Nettle                     Cruelty.
Nightshade, Bitter-sweet   Truth.
----, Enchanter’s          Spell.
Nosegay                    Gallantry.

Oak                        Hospitality.
Olive                      Peace.
Ophrys, Spider             Skill.
Orange Flower              Chastity.
---- tree                  Generosity.
Orchis, Bee                Error.

Parsley                    Festivity.
Passion Flower             Faith.
Peppermint                 Warmth of feeling.
Periwinkle                 Tender recollections.
Pine-apple                 You are perfect.
Pink                       Pure love.
----, Yellow               Disdain.
Plane tree                     Genius.
Plum tree                      Keep your promises.
----, Wild                     Independence.
Poplar, Black                  Courage.
----, White                    Time.
Poppy                          Consolation.
----                           Sleep.
----, White                    My bane, my antidote.
Potato                         Beneficence.
Primrose                       Childhood.
----, large-flowered Evening   Inconstancy.
Privet                         Prohibition.

Quince                         Temptation.

Ranunculus                     You are radiant with charms.
Reeds                          Music.
Rose                           Love.
----, Hundred-leaved           Grace.
----, Monthly                  Beauty ever new.
----, Musk                     Capricious beauty.
----, Single                   Simplicity.
----, White                    Silence.
----, Withered                 Fleeting beauty.
----, Yellow                   Infidelity.
Rosebud                        A young girl.
----, White                    A heart unacquainted with love.
Rosemary                       Your presence revives me.
Rue, Wild                      Morals.
Rush                           Docility.

Saffron                        Beware of excess.
Sage                           Esteem.
Sainfoil, Shaking              Agitation.
St. John’s Wort                Superstition.
Sardonia                       Irony.
Sensitive Plant                Chastity.
Snapdragon                     Presumption.
Snowdrop                       Hope.
Sorrel, Wood                   Joy.
Speedwell                      Fidelity.
Spindle-tree                   Your charms are engraven on my heart.
Star of Bethlehem              Purity.
Stock                          Lasting beauty.
----, Ten Week                 Promptness.
Stonecrop                      Tranquility.
Straw, Broken                  Rupture of a contract.
----, Whole                    Union.
Strawberry                     Perfection.
Sunflower                      False riches.
Sweet Sultan                   Happiness.
Sweet William                  Finesse.
Sycamore                       Curiosity.
Syringa                        Fraternal.

Tansey, Wild                   I declare war against you.
Tendrils of climbing plants    Ties.
Thistle                        Surliness.
Thorn-apple                    Deceitful charms.
Thrift                         Sympathy.
Thyme                          Activity.
Tremella Nostoc                Resistance.
Truffle                        Surprise.
Tuberose                       Dangerous pleasures.
Tulip                          Declaration of love.
Tussilage, Sweet-scented       Justice shall be done to you.

Valerian                       An accommodating disposition.
----, Greek                    Rupture.
Venus’s Looking-glass          Flattery.
Veronica                       Fidelity.
Vervain                        Enchantment.
Vine                           Intoxication.
Violet                         Modesty.
----, White                    Innocence, candour.

Wallflower                     Fidelity in misfortune.
Walnut                         Stratagem.
Whortleberry                   Treachery.
Willow, Weeping                Mourning.
Wormwood                       Absence.

Yew                            Sorrow.




The Calendar of Flowers.


The Roman Catholic monks, or the observers of the Roman Catholic ritual,
have compiled a Catalogue of Flowers for every day in the year, and
dedicated each flower to a particular saint, on account of its blooming
about the time of that saint’s festival. These appropriations form a
complete Calendar of the Flowers.

The figures attached express the year in which the saint died.

     JANUARY.

     1. Laurustinus, _Vibernum tinus_. St. Faine, or Fanchea, an Irish
     saint of the sixth century.

     2. Groundsel, _Senecio vulgaris_. St. Macarius of Alexandria, 394.

     3. Iris, Persian, _Iris Persica_. St. Genevieve, patroness of
     Paris, 422.

     4. Hazel, _Corylus avellana_. St. Titus, disciple of St. Paul.

     5. Hellebore, _Helleborus fœtidus_. St. Simeon Stylites of Rome.

     6. Moss, screw, _Tortula rigida_. St. Nilammon.

     7. Laurel, Portugal, _Prunus Lusitanica_. St. Kentigerna.

     8. Tremella, yellow, _Tremella deliquescens_. St. Gudula, patroness
     of Brussels.

     9. Laurel, common, _Prunus lauro-cerasus_, or common small-fruited
     cherry. St. Marciana of Rome.

     10. Gorse, or Furze, _Ulex Europœus_. St. William of Bourges, 1207.

     11. Moss, early, _Bryum hornum_. Swan-neck thread-moss. St.
     Theodosius.

     12. Moss, hygrometric, _Funaria hygrometrica_. St. Arcadius.

     13. Yew tree, common, _Taxus bacata_. St. Veronica, a nun of Milan,
     1497.

     14. Strawberry, barren, _Fragaria sterilis_. St. Hilary, 368.

     15. Ivy, _Hedera helix_. St. Paul, the first hermit.

     16. Nettle, common red Dead, _Lamium purpureum_. St. Marcellus,
     Pope.

     17. Anemone, garden, _Anemone hortensis_. St. Anthony, patriarch of
     monks, 251.

     18. Moss, four-toothed, _Bryum pellucidum_. St. Prisca, a Roman
     martyr.

     19. Nettle, white Dead, _Lamium album_. St. Martha, a Roman martyr,
     270.

     20. Nettle, woolly Dead, _Lamium Gargaricum_. St. Fabian, Pope.

     21. Hellebore, black, _Helleborus niger_. St. Agnes, a special
     patroness of purity: beheaded at the age of thirteen, 304.

     22. Grass, early whitlow, _Draba verna_. St. Vincent, a Spanish
     martyr.

     23. Peziza, _Peziza acetobolum_. St. Raymond of Pennafort, 1275.

     24. Moss, stalkless, _Phascum muticum_. St. Timothy, disciple of
     St. Paul, 250.

     25. Hellebore, winter, _Helleborus hyemalis_. The Conversion of St.
     Paul.

     26. Butter-bur, white, _Tussilago alba_, or Colt’s-foot. St.
     Polycarp.

     27. Moss, earth, _Phascum cuspidatum_. St. Chrysostom.

     28. Daisy, double, _Bellis perennis plenus_. St. Margaret of
     Hungary, 1271.

     29. Fern, flowering, _Osmunda regalis_. St. Francis of Sales, 1622.

     30. Spleen-wort, _Asplenium trichomanes_. St. Martin.

     31. Hart’s Tongue, or Spleen-wort, _Asplenium scolopendrium_. St.
     Marcella, 410.


     FEBRUARY.

     1. Moss, lesser water, _Fontinalis minor_. St. Ignatius; and
     Bay-tree, _Laurus nobilis_. St. Bridget, patroness of Ireland.

     2. Snow-drop, _Galanthus nivalis_. Purification of the Virgin Mary.

     3. Moss, great water, _Fontinalis anti-pyretica_, St. Blase of
     Armenia, 316.

     4. Moss, common hair, or Goldilocks, _Polytrichum commune_. St.
     Jane, or Queen Joan, 1505.

     Bay, Indian, _Laurus indica_. St. Margaret of England.

     5. Primrose, common, _Primula vulgaris_. St. Agatha, a Sicilian
     martyr.

     Primrose, red, _Primula acaulis_. St. Adelaide, 1015.

     6. Hyacinth, blue, _Hyacinthus orientalis_. St. Dorothy, 308.

     7. Cyclamen, round-leafed, _Cyclamen coum_. St. Romuald, 1027.

     8. Moss, narrow-leafed spring, _Mnium androgynum_. St. John of
     Matha, 1213.

     9. Narcissus, Roman, _Narcissus Romanus_. St. Apollonia, 249.

     10. Mezereon, _Daphne mezereon_. St. Scholastica, 543.

     Moss, silky fork, _Mnium heteromallum_. St. Coteris, fourth
     century.

     11. Primrose, red, _Primula verna rubra_. St. Theodora, empress,
     367.

     12. Anemone, noble Liverwort, _Anemone hepatica_. St. Eulalia of
     Barcelona.

     13. Polyanthos, _Plimula Polyanthus_. St. Catherine de Ricci, 1589.

     14. Crocus, yellow, _Crocus mœsiacus_, or _Crocus aureus_. St.
     Valentine, the lover’s saint. He was a priest at Rome, and married
     there about the year 270.

     15. Crocus, cloth of gold, _Crocus sulphureus_. St. Sigifred,
     bishop of Sweden, 1002.

     16. Primrose, lilac, _Primula acaulis plena_. St. Juliana.

     17. Crocus, Scotch, _Crocus susianus_. St. Flavian, archbishop of
     Constantinople, 449.

     18. Speedwell, wall, _Veronica vernus arvensis_. St. Simeon, bishop
     of Jerusalem, 116.

     19. Speedwell, field, _Veronica agrestis_. St. Barbatus, patron of
     Benevento, bishop, 682.

     20. Cynoglossum omphalodes, or _C. lusitanicum_. St. Milfred,
     abbess of Munster.

     21. Crocus, white, _Crocus albus_. St. Servianus, bishop, 452.

     22. Margaret, herb, _Bellis perennis_. St. Margaret of Cortona,
     1297.

     23. Apricot tree, _Prunus armeniaca_. St. Milburge of England.

     24. Fern, great, _Osmunda regalis_. St. Ethelbert, King of Kent.

     25. Peach blossom, _Amygdalus persica_. St. Walburg, abbess of
     Swabia, Germany.

     26. Periwinkle, lesser, _Vinca minor_. St. Victor, seventh century.

     27. Lungwort, _Pulmonaria officinalis_. St. Leander, bishop, 596.

     28. Crocus, purple, _Crocus vernus_. St. Proterius, patriarch of
     Alexandria, 557.


     MARCH.

     1. Leek, common, _Allium porrum_. St. David of Wales, archbishop,
     544.

     2. Chickweed, dwarf mouse-ear, _Cerastium pumilum_. St. Chad, or
     Ceada, martyr, under the Lombards, in the sixth century.

     3. Marigold, golden fig, _Mesembryanthemum aureum_. St. Cunegunda,
     empress, 1040.

     4. Chickweed, common, _Alsine media_. St. Casimir, prince of
     Poland, 1458.

     5. Hellebore, green, _Helleborus viridis_. St. Adrian, 309.

     6. Lily, Lent, _Pseudo narcissus multiplex_. St. Colette, bishop.

     7. Daffodil, early, _Narcissus simplex_. St. Perpetua, martyred
     under the emperor Severus, 203.

     8. Rose, ever-blowing, _Rosa semperflorens_. St. Rosa, of Viterbo,
     1261.

     Jonquil, great, _Narcissus lœtus_. St. Felix, 646.

     9. Daffodil, hoop-petticoat, _Narcissus bulbocodium_. St. Catherine
     of Bologna, 1463.

     10. Chickweed, upright, _Veronica triphyllos_. St. Droctavæus,
     abbot, 580.

     11. Heath, Cornish, _Erica vagans_. St. Eulogius of Cordova, 851.

     12. Ixia, or crocus-leafed Mistletoe, _Ixia bulbocodium_, or
     _Viscum albus bulbus_. St. Gregory the Great, prætor of Rome, 574.

     13. Heart’s Ease, _Viola tricolor_. St. Euphrasia, 410.

     14. Bindweed, mountain, _Soldanella alpina_. St. Maud, or Matilda,
     queen, 968.

     15. Colt’s-foot, common, _Tussilago farfara_. St. Zachary, pope,
     752.

     16. Daffodil, nodding, _Narcissus nutans_. St. Julian of Cilicia.

     17. Violet, sweet, _Viola odorata_. St. Gertrude, abbess, 626.

     Shamrock, White Trefoil, _Trifolium repens_. St. Patrick, apostle
     of Ireland.

     18. Leopard’s bane, great, _Doronicum pardalianches_. St. Cyril,
     archbishop of Jerusalem.

     19. Star of Bethlehem, yellow, _Ornithogalum luteum_. St. Joseph,
     spouse of the Virgin Mary.

     20. Violet, dog’s, _Viola canina_. St. Wolfram, archbishop of Sens,
     720.

     21. Fumitory, bulbous, _Fumaria bulbosa_. St. Bennet, or Benedict,
     founder of the Order of Benedict, of Rome, 543.

     22. Ficaria verna. St. Catherine of Sweden, abbess, 1381.

     23. Daffodil, peerless, _Narcissus incomparabilis_. St. Alphonsus
     Turibius, archbishop of Lima, 1606.

     24. Saxifrage, golden, _Chrysosplenium oppositifolium_. St.
     Irenæus, bishop of Sirmium, 304.

     25. Marigold, _Calendula officinalis_. Annunciation of the Virgin
     Mary.

     26. Henbane, nightshade-leafed, _Hyosciamus scopalia_. St. Braulio,
     bishop of Saragossa, 646.

     27. Jonquil, sweet, _Narcissus odorus_. St. John of Egypt, hermit,
     394.

     28. Leopard’s bane, _Doronicum plantagineum_. St. Priscus, 260.

     29. Ox-lip, or great Cowslip, _Primula elatior_. St. Eustatius,
     abbot, 625.

     Fumitory, _Fumaria officinalis_. St. Jonas, 327.

     30. Water-cress, _Cardamine hirsuta_. St. John of Climacus.

     Daffodil, lesser, _Narcissus minor_. St. Zosimus, bishop of
     Syracuse, 660.

     31. Benjamin tree, _Laurus benzoin_. St. Benjamin, deacon, martyr,
     424.


     APRIL.

     1. Mercury, French annual, _Mercurialis annua_. St. Hugh, bishop,
     1132.

     2. Violet, white, _Viola alba_. St. Francis of Paula, a native of
     Calabria.

     3. Alkanet, evergreen, _Anchusa sempervirens_. St. Agape, 304.

     4. Crown Imperial, red, _Fritillaria imperialis_. St. Isidore,
     bishop of Seville, 636.

     5. Crown Imperial, yellow, _Fritillaria imperialis lutea_. Vincent
     Ferrer, 1419.

     6. Hyacinth, starch, _Hyacinthus racemosus_. St. Sixtus I., pope.

     7. Anemone, wood, _Anemona nemorosa_. St. Aphraates, fourth
     century.

     8. Ground-ivy, _Glechoma hederacea_. St. Dionysius, bishop of
     Corinth.

     9. Polyanthos, red, _Primula_. St. Mary of Egypt, 421.

     10. Violet, pale, _Viola tambrigens_. St. Mechtildes, abbess,
     fourteenth century.

     11. Dandelion, _Leontodon taraxacum_. St. Leo the Great, pope, 461.

     12. Saxifrage, great thick-leafed, _Saxifraga crassifolia_. St.
     Zeno, bishop, 380.

     13. Narcissus, green, _Narcissus viridiflorus_. St. Hermenegild,
     martyr, 586.

     14. Borage, common, _Borago officinalis_. St. Lidwina, 1184.

     15. Stitchwort, greater, _Stellaria holostea_. St. Peter Gonzales,
     1246.

     16. Tulip, yellow, _Tulipa sylvestris_. St. Joachim of Sienna,
     1305.

     17. Arum, Friar’s cowl, broad-leafed, _Arum arisarum_. St. Stephen
     of Citeaux, abbot, 1134.

     18. Narcissus, musk, _Narcissus moschatus_. St. Appollonius, 186.

     19. Garlic, _Allium ursinum_. St. Leo IX., pope, 1054.

     20. Snowflake, spring, _Leucoium vernum_. St. Agnes of Monte
     Pulciano, 1317.

     21. Narcissus, cypress, _Narcissus orientalis albus_. St. Anselm,
     archbishop of Canterbury.

     22. Crowfoot, wood, or Goldilocks, _Ranunculus auricomus_. St.
     Rufus of Glendaloch.

     23. Harebell, _Hyacinthus non scriptus_. St. George the martyr,
     patron of England.

     24. Black thorn, _Prunus spinosa_. St. Fidelis.

     25. Tulip, clarimond, _Tulipa præcox_. St. Mark, the Evangelist.

     26. Erysimum, yellow, _Erysimum barbarea_. St. Richarius, abbot,
     645.

     27. Daffodil, great, _Narcissus major_. St. Anastasius, pope, 401.

     28. Arum, spotted, _Arum maculatum_. Sts. Didymus and Theodora,
     304.

     29. Herb, Robert, _Geranium robertianum_. St. Robert, abbot of
     Molesme, 1110.

     30. Cowslip, _Primula veris_. St. Catherine of Sienna, 1380.


     MAY.

     1. Tulip, Genser, _Tulipa gesnerina_. St. Philip, supposed to have
     been the first of Christ’s Apostles.

     Bachelor’s Button, _Lychnis dioica_. St. James the just and the
     less, apostle, martyred in the tumult in the Temple.

     2. Charlock, _Raphanus raphanistrum_, or _Sinapus arvensis_. St.
     Athanasius, patriarch of Alexandria, 373.

     3. Narcissus, poetic, _Narcissus poeticus_. The discovery of the
     cross, 326.

     4. Stock Gilliflower, _Cheiranthus incanus_. St. Monica, mother of
     St. Augustine.

     5. Apple-tree, _Pyrus malus_. Sts. Angelus and Pius V., pope, 1572.

     6. Globe Flower, bright yellow, _Trollius europæus_. St. John
     Damascene, 780.

     7. Globe Flower, Asiatic, bright orange, _Trollius asiaticus_. St.
     John of Beverly.

     8. Lily of the Valley, _Convallaria majalis_. St. Selena.

     9. Lily of the Valley, _Convallaria multiflora_. St. Gregory of
     Nazianzen, 389.

     10. Peony, slender-leafed, _Pæonia tenuifolia_. St. Comgal, Irish
     abbot, 601.

     11. Asphodel, Lancashire, _Asphodelus luteus_. St. Mammertus,
     archbishop of Vienna, 477.

     12. Iris, German, _Iris Germanica_. St. Germanus, patriarch of
     Constantinople, 733.

     13. Comfrey, common, _Symphytum officinalis_. St. John the silent,
     bishop, 558.

     14. Peony, common, _Pæonia officinalis_, and Peony, coralline, _P.
     corollina_. St. Pontius, 258.

     15. Poppy, Welsh, _Papaver cambricum_. St. Dympna, seventh century.

     16. Star of Bethlehem, great _Ornithogalum umbellatum_. St. John
     Nepomucene, 1383.

     17. Poppy, early red, _Papaver argemone_. St. Paschal, 1592.

     18. Mouse-ear, or Hawkweed, _Hieracium pilosella_. St. Eric, King
     of Sweden, 1151.

     19. Monk’s hood, _Aconitum napellus_. St. Dunstan, archbishop of
     Canterbury, 988.

     20. Horse Chestnut, _Æschylus hippocastanum_. St. Bernardine of
     Sienna, 1444.

     21. Ragged Robin, _Lychnis flos cuculi_. St. Felix of Cantalicio,
     1587.

     22. Star of Bethlehem, yellow, _Tragopogon pratensis_. St. Yvo,
     1303.

     23. Lilac, _Springa vulgaris_. St. Julia, fifth century.

     24. Poppy, monkey, _Papaver orientale_. St. Vincent of Lerins, 450.

     25. Herb, Bennet, common, _Geum urbanum_. St. Urban, pope, 223.

     26. Rhododendron, purple, _Rhododendron ponticum_. St. Augustine,
     archbishop of Canterbury, 604.

     Azalea, yellow, _Azalea pontica_. St. Philip Neri, 1595.

     27. Buttercup, _Ranunculus acris_. St. John, pope, 526.

     Bachelor’s Button, yellow, _Ranunculus acris plenus_. St. Bede,
     735.

     28. Iris, lurid, _Iris lurida_. St. Germain, bishop of Paris, 576.

     29. Blue-bottle, _Centaurea montana_. St. Cyril, about 275.

     30. Spearwort, lesser, _Ranunculus flammula_. St. Ferdinand III.,
     confessor, King of Castile and Leon, 1252.

     31. Lily, Yellow Turk’s cap, _Lilium pomponium_. St. Petronilla,
     first century.


     JUNE.

     1. Rose, yellow, _Rosa lutea_. St. Justin, martyr, 167.

     2. Pimpernel, common scarlet, _Anagallis arvensis_. St. Erasmus,
     303.

     3. Rose of Meaux, _Rosa provincialis_. St. Cecilius, 211.

     4. Indian Pink, _Dianthus chinensis_. St. Quirinus, bishop, 304.

     5. Rose, three-leafed China, _Rosa sinica_. St. Boniface, first
     missionary from England to Friesland; afterwards archbishop of
     Mentz, and primate of Germany and Belgium, eighth century.

     6. Pink, common, _Dianthus deltoides_. St. Norbert, 1134.

     7. Centaury, red, _Chironia centaureum_. St. Paul, bishop of
     Constantinople, 350.

     8. Money-wort, Herb Two-pence, or creeping Loosestrife, _Lysimachia
     nummularia_. St. Medard, bishop, sixth century.

     9. Barberry, _Berberis vulgaris_. St. Columba, 597.

     10. Iris, bright yellow, _Iris pseudo-acorus_. St. Margaret, queen
     of Scotland, 1093.

     11. Daisy, midsummer, _Crysanthemum leucanthemum_, St. Barnabas,
     apostle, first century.

     12. Rose, white dog, _Rosa arvensis_. St. John, hermit, 1479.

     13. Ranunculus, garden, _Ranunculus asiaticus_. St. Anthony of
     Padua, 1231.

     14. Basil, sweet, _Ocimum basilicum_. St. Basil, archbishop, 379.

     15. Sensitive plant, _Mimosa sensitiva_. St. Vitus, martyr, fourth
     century.

     16. Rose, moss, _Rosa muscosa_. St. Julietta, martyr, 304.

     17. Monkey-flower, yellow, _Mimulus luteus_. St. Nicandeo, about
     303.

     18. Poppy, horned, _Chelidonium glaucum_. St. Marina, eighth
     century.

     19. La Julienne de Nuit, _Hesperis tristis_. St. Juliana
     Falconieri, 1340.

     20. Poppy, doubtful, _Papaver dubium_. St. Silverius, pope, 538.

     21. Bugloss, Viper’s _Echium Vulgare_. St. Aloysius, 1591.

     22. Canterbury Bell, _Campanula medium_. St. Paulinus, bishop of
     Nola, 431.

     23. Ladies Slipper, _Cypripedium calceolus_. St. Etheldreda, 679.

     24. St. John’s Wort, _Hipericum pulchrum_. Nativity of St. John the
     Baptist.

     25. Sweet William, _Dianthus barbatus_. St. William of Monte
     Virgine, 1142.

     26. Sowthistle, Alpine hairy blue, _Sonchus cœruleus_. St.
     Reingarda, 1135.

     27. St. John’s Wort, perforated, _Hypericum perforatum_. St. John
     of Montier, sixth century.

     28. Cornflower, blue, _Centaurea cyanus_. St. Irenæus, bishop of
     Lyons, 202.

     29. Rattle, yellow, _Rhinanthus crista-galli_. St. Peter the
     apostle.

     30. Cistus, yellow, _Cistus helianthemum_. St. Paul the apostle.


     JULY.

     1. Agrimony, _Agrimonia eupatoria_. St. Aaron.

     2. Lily white, _Lilium candidum_. Virgin Mary.

     3. Mallow, common, _Malva sylvestris_. St. Phocas, a gardener,
     303.

     4. Day Lily, tawny, _Hemerocallis fulva_. St. Ulric, bishop of
     Augsburg.

     5. Rose, double yellow, _Rosa sulphurea_. St. Edana, of Elphin and
     Tuam.

     6. Hawkweed, _Crepis barbata_. St. Julian, anchorite, fourth
     century.

     7. Nasturtium, _Tropæolum majus_. St. Felix, bishop of Nantes, 584.

     8. Primrose, evening, _Œnothera biennis_. St. Elizabeth, queen of
     Portugal, 1336.

     9. Sowthistle, marsh, _Sonchus palustris_. St. Everildis.

     10. Snapdragon, speckled, _Antirrhinum triphyllum_. Sts. Rufina and
     Secunda, 257.

     11. Lupine, yellow, _Lupinus flavus_. St. James, bishop of Nisibis,
     350.

     12. Snapdragon, great, _Antirrhinum purpureum_. St. John Gualbert,
     abbot, 1073.

     13. Lupine, blue, _Lupinus hirsutus_. St. Eugenius, bishop, 505.

     14. Lupine, red, _Lupinus perennis_. St. Bonaventure, cardinal
     bishop, 1274.

     15. Marigold, Small Cape, purple and white, _Calendula pluvialis_.
     St. Swithin, bishop, 862.

     16. Convolvulus, _Convolvulus purpureus_. St. Eustathius, patriarch
     of Antioch, 338.

     17. Sweet-pea, _Lathyrus odoratus_. St. Marcellina, 397.

     18. Marigold, autumn, _Chrysanthemum coronarium_. St. Bruno,
     bishop, 1125.

     19. Hawkweed, golden, _Hieracium auranticum_. St. Vincent de Paule,
     1660.

     20. Dragon’s head, Virginian, _Dracocephalus Virginianum_. St.
     Margaret of Antioch.

     21. Lily, Philadelphian, _Lilium Philadelphicum_. St. Praxedes.

     22. Lily, African, _Agapanthus umbellatus_. St. Mary Magdalen.

     23. Musk flower, _Scabias atro-purpurea_. St. Apollinaris, bishop
     of Ravenna.

     24. Lupine tree, _Lupinits arboreus_. St. Lupus, bishop, 478.

     25. Herb Christopher, white, _Actea spicata_. St. Christopher.

     26. Chamomile, or Corn Feverfew, _Matricaria chamomilla_. St. Ann,
     mother of the Virgin Mary.

     27. Loose-strife, _Lythrum salicaria_. St. Pantaleon, 303.

     28. Groundsel, mountain, _Senecio montanus_. St. Innocent I., pope,
     417.

     29. Chironia, red, _Chironia centorium_. St. Martha.

     30. Mullein, white, _Verbascum lychnitis_. St. Julietta, 303.

     31. Mullein, yellow, _Verbascum virgatum_. St. Ignatius of Loyola,
     founder of the Jesuits, 1556.


     AUGUST.

     1. Stramony, or Thorn-apple, _Datura stramonium_. St. Peter ad
     Vincula.

     2. Tiger Lily, _Lilium tigrum_. St. Alfrida, 834.

     3. Hollyhock, _Althea rosea_. Discovery of the relics of St.
     Stephen, 415.

     4. Bluebell, _Campanula rotundifolia_. St. Dominic, founder of the
     Friar Preachers, 1221.

     5. Lily, Egyptian water, _Nelumbo nilotica_. St. Mary ad Nives.

     6. Meadow Saffron, _Colchicum autumnale_.--Transfiguration of our
     Lord on Mount Tabor.

     7. Amaranth, common, _Amaranthus hypochondriacus_. St. Cajetan,
     1547.

     8. Love-lies-bleeding, _Amaranthus procumbens_. St. Hormisdas.

     9. Ragwort, yellow, _Senecio jacobæa_. St. Romanus.

     10. Balsam, _Impatiens balsamea_. St. Lawrence, martyr, 258.

     11. China Aster, _Aster Chinensis_. St. Susanna, third century.

     12. Sowthistle, great corn, _Sonchus arvensis_. St. Clare, abbess,
     1253.

     13. Groundsel, marsh, Great Fen Ragwort, or Bird’s Tongue, _Senecio
     paludosus_. St. Radigunda.

     14. Zinnia, _Zinnia elegans_. St. Eusebius, third century.

     15. Virgin’s Bower, white, _Clematis vitalba_. Assumption of the
     Virgin Mary; or the miraculous ascent of her body into heaven.

     16. Lily, belladonna, _Amaryllis belladonna_. St. Hyacinth, 1257.

     17. Snapdragon, Toadflax, _Antirrhinum linaria_. St. Manus, 275.

     18. Marigold, African, _Tagetes erecta_. St. Helen, empress, 382.

     19. Timothy grass, branched Cat’s Tail grass, _Phleum
     panniculatum_, or _Ph. asperum_. St. Timothy, 304.

     20. Dandelion, _Leontodon serotinus_. St. Bernard, abbot, 1153.

     21. Marigold, French, _Tagetes patula_. St. Jean Francois de
     Chantal, 1641.

     22. Timothy, common Cat’s Tail grass, _Phleum pratense_. St.
     Timothy, 311.

     23. Tansy, common, _Tanacetum vulgare_. St. Philip Beniti, 1285.

     24. Sunflower, tall, _Helianthus annuus_. St. Bartholomew, apostle.

     25. Sunflower, perennial, _Helianthus multiflorus_. St. Louis, king
     of France, 1270.

     26. Amaryllis, banded, _Amaryllis rotata_. St. Zephyrinus, pope,
     219.

     27. Hawkweed, hedge, _Hieracium umbellatum_. St. Cæsarius,
     archbishop of Arles, 542.

     28. Golden rod, _Solidago Virga aurea_. St. Augustine, bishop, 430.

     29. Hollyhock, yellow, _Althea flava_. St. Sabinus, king, about
     697.

     30. Lily, Guernsey, _Amaryllis sarniensis_. St. Rose of Lima, 1617.

     31. Pheasant’s eye, _Adonis autumnalis_. St. Raymond Nonnatus,
     1240.


     SEPTEMBER.

     1. Orpine, or Livelong, great, _Sedum telephium_. St. Giles, patron
     of beggars and cripples. Born at Athens; abbot of Nismes, in
     France, died 750.

     2. Golden rod, _Solidago_. St. Margaret, thirteenth century.

     3. Flea-bane, common yellow, _Inula dysenterica_. St. Simeon
     Stylites, the younger, 592.

     4. Soapwort, pale pink, _Saponaria officinalis_. St. Rosalia,
     1160.

     5. Mushroom, or champignon, _Agaricus campestris_. St. Laurence
     Justinian, first patriarch of Venice. 1455.

     6. Dandelion, _Leontodon autumnalis_. St. Pambo of Nitria, 385.

     7. Starwort, golden, _Aster solidaginoides_. St. Cloud, 560.

     8. Starwort, Italian blue, _Aster amellus_. St. Adrian, 306.

     9. Golden rod, Canadian, _Solidago Canadensis_. St. Omer, 607.

     10. Crocus, autumnal, _Crocus autumnalis_. St. Pulcheria, empress,
     453.

     11. Meadow Saffron, variegated, _Colchicum variegatum_. St.
     Hyacinthus, 257.

     12. Passion-flower, semilunar, _Passiflora peltata_. St. Earnswith,
     abbess, seventh century.

     13. Crocus, officinal, _Crocus sativus_. St. Eulogius, patriarch of
     Alexandria, 608.

     14. Passion-flower, blue, _Passiflora cœrulea_. Exaltation of the
     Holy Cross, 629.

     15. Saffron Byzantine, _Colchicum Byzanticum_. St. Nicetas, fourth
     century.

     16. Starwort, sea-blue, _Aster tripolium_. St. Editha, 984.

     17. Mallow, narrow-leafed, _Malva angustifolia_. St. Lambert,
     bishop, 709.

     18. Starwort, pendulous, _Aster pendulus_. St. Thomas, archbishop
     of Valencia, 1555.

     19. Scabius, Devil’s bit, _Scabiosa succisa_. St. Lucy, 1090.

     20. Meadow Saffron, common, _Colchicum autumnale_. St. Eustachius.

     21. Passion-flower, fringed-leafed, variegated, _Passiflora
     ciliata_. St. Matthew, the Evangelist.

     22. Boletus, tree, _Boletus arboreus_. St. Maurice, fourth century.

     23. Starwort, white bushy, _Aster dumosus_. St. Thecla, first
     century.

     24. Fungus, _Agaricus fimetarius_. St. Gerard, bishop, 1046.

     25. Boletus, great, order Fungi, _Boletus bovinus_. St. Ceolfrid,
     abbot, 716.

     26. Golden rod, great, _Solidago gigantea_. St. Justina, 304.

     27. Starwort, white small-leafed N. American, _Aster multiflorus_.
     St. Delphina, 1323.

     28. Golden rod, evergreen, _Solidago sempervirens_. St. Eustochium,
     419.

     29. Michaelmas Daisy, _Aster tradescanti_. St. Michael and all
     angels.

     30. Amaryllis, golden, _Amaryllis aurea_. St. Jerome, 420.


     OCTOBER.

     1. Amaryllis, lowly, _Amaryllis humilis_. St. Remigius, bishop of
     Rheims, 533.

     2. Soapwort, _Saponaria officinalis_. Feast of the holy guardian
     angels.

     3. Helenium, downy, _Helenium pubescens_. St. Dionysius, the
     Areopagite, 51.

     4. Southernwood, dwarf, _Artemisa abrotanum_. St. Francis of
     Assissi, founder of the order of Franciscans, 1226.

     5. Chamomile, starlike, a fungus, _Boltonia asteroides_. St.
     Placidus, 546.

     6. Feverfew, creeping rooted, _Pyrethrum serotinum_. St. Bruno,
     founder of the Carthusian order, 1101.

     7. Chrysanthemum, Indian, _Chrysanthemum Indicum_. St. Mark, pope,
     336.

     8. Maudlin, sweet, _Achillea ageratum_. St. Bridget, 1373.

     9. Mushroom, milky, _Agaricus lactifluus acris_, or _A. Listeri_.
     St. Denys, patron saint of France.

     10. Aletris, Cape waved-leafed, _Aletris viridifolia_. St. Francis
     Borgia, 1572.

     11. Holly, common, _Ilex aquifolium_. St. Ethelburga, 664.

     12. Fleabane, wavy, _Inula undulata_. St. Wilfred, bishop of York,
     709.

     13. Helenium, yellow, smooth, _Helenium autumnale_. St. Edward,
     king and confessor, 1066.

     14. Fleabane, Indian, _Inula Indica_. St. Calixtus, pope, 222.

     15. Sweet Sultan, purple, _Centaurea moschata_. St. Teresa, 1582.

     16. Yarrow, _Achillea millefolium_. St. Gall, abbot, 646.

     17. Sunflower, dwarf, _Helianthus indicus_. St. Anstrudis, 688.

     18. Mushroom, _Agaricus floccosus_. St. Luke, Evangelist, 63.

     19. Tick-seed, perennial, _Coreopsis procera_. St. Frideswith,
     patroness of Oxford, eighth century.

     20. Sweet Sultan, yellow, _Centaurea suaveolens_. St. Artemius,
     362.

     21. Silphium, hairy-stalked, _Silphium asteriscus_. St. Ursula,
     fifth century.

     22. Silphium, rough three-leafed, _Silphium trifoliatum_. St.
     Nunilo, 840.

     23. Starwort, slender-stalked, _Aster junceus_. St. Theodoret, 362.

     24. Starwort, Carolina, _Aster Carolinus flexuosus_. St. Proclus,
     archbishop of Constantinople, 447.

     25. Starwort, fleabane, _Aster Conizoides_. St. Crispin, 287.

     Starwort, meagre, _Aster miser_. St. Crispinian, 287.--These were
     brothers and martyrs, shoemakers, and patrons of that art.

     26. Golden rod, late flowered, _Solidago petiolaris_. St.
     Evaristus, pope, 112.

     27. Starwort, floribund, _Aster floribundus_. St. Frumentius,
     apostle of Ethiopia, fourth century.

     28. Chrysanthemum, late-flowering creeping. _Chrys. serotinum_ St.
     Simon, Apostle, the Zealot.

     Starwort, scattered, _Aster passiflorus_. St. Jude, Apostle.

     29. Narcissus, green autumnal, _Narcissus viridiflorus_. St.
     Narcissus, bishop of Jerusalem, second century.

     30. Mushroom, mixed, _Agaricus fimetarius_. St. Marcellus the
     centurion, 298.

     31. Tick-seed, fennel-leaved, _Coreopsis ferulafolia_. St. Quintin,
     287.


     NOVEMBER.

     1. Laurustinus, _Laurustinus sempervirens_. St. Fortunatus.

     2. Cherry, winter, _Physalis_. St. Marcian, 387.

     3. Primrose, _Primula vulgaris_. St. Flour, 389.

     4. Strawberry tree, _Arbutus_. St. Brinstane, bishop of Winchester,
     931.

     5. Cherry, common winter, _Physalis alkakengi_. St. Bertille,
     abbess of Chelles, 692.

     6. Yew tree, common, _Taxus baccata_. St. Leonard, sixth century.

     7. Furcræa, _Furcræa gigantea_. St. Willebord, first bishop of
     Utrecht, 738.

     8. Aletris, Cape, _Veltheimia_. The four crowned Brothers, martyrs,
     304.

     9. Aletris, glaucous-leafed, _Veltheimia glauca_. St. John Lateran.

     10. Fir, Scotch, _Pinus sylvestris_. St. Nympha, fifth century.

     11. Pine, Weymouth, _Pinus strobus_. St. Martin, bishop, 397.

     12. Aloe, great orange-flowering, _Veltheimia_, or _Aletris
     uvaria_. St. Nilus, 390.

     13. Bay, _Laurus poetica_. St. Homobonus, 1197.

     14. Laurel, Portugal, _Cerasus Lusitanica_. St. Lawrence, bishop of
     Dublin, 1180.

     15. Colt’s foot, sweet-scented, _Tussilago fragrans_. St. Gertrude,
     abbess, 1292.

     16. Hemp, African bow-string, _Sanseviera Guineensis_. St. Edmund,
     archbishop of Canterbury, 1242.

     17. Stramony, or Thorn-apple tree, _Datura arborea_. St. Gregory,
     Thaumaturgus, bishop, 270.

     18. Passion-flower, notch-leafed, _Passiflora serratifolia_.
     Dedication of the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome.

     19. Passion-flower, apple-fruited, _Passiflora maliformis_. St.
     Elizabeth of Hungary, 1231.

     20. Stapelia, red, _Stapelia rubra_. St. Edmund, king and martyr,
     870.

     21. Sorrel, wood, _Oxalis grandiflora_. Presentation of the Virgin
     Mary.

     22. Sorrel, wood, tube-flowered, _Oxalis tubiflora_. St. Cecilia,
     martyr, and patroness of music, particularly of sacred music;
     supposed to be the inventress of the organ, 230.

     23. Sorrel, convex, _Oxalis convexula_. St. Clement, pope, 100.

     24. Stapelia, starry, _Stapelia radiata_. St. John of the Cross,
     1591.

     25. Butterbur, sweet, _Tussilago fragrans_. St. Catherine,
     patroness of spinsters, third century.

     26. Sorrel, linear, _Oxalis linearis_. St. Conrad, bishop of
     Constance, 976.

     27. Sorrel, lupine-leafed, _Oxalis lupinifolia_. St. Virgil, bishop
     of Salzburg, 784.

     28. Stapelia, variegated, _Stapelia variegata_. St. Stephen the
     younger, 764.

     29. Sphenogyne, _S. piloflora_. St. Saturninus, bishop, 257.

     30. Sorrel, three-coloured, _Oxalis tricolor_. St. Sapor, bishop.


     DECEMBER.

     1. Stapelia, dark, _S. pulla_. St. Eligius, bishop of Noyon, 659.

     2. Geodorum, lemon, _Geodorum citrinum_. St. Bibiania, 363.

     3. Indian tree, _Euphorbia tirucalle_. St. Francis Xavier, 1552.

     4. Gooseberry, Barbadoes, _Cactus pereskia_. St. Chrysologus, 450.

     5. Hibiscus, long-stalked, _H. pedunculatus_. St. Crispina, 304.

     6. Heath, nest-flowered, _Erica nudiflora_. St. Nicholas,
     archbishop of Myra, 342.

     7. Achania, hairy, _Achania pilosa_. St. Ambrose, 397.

     8. Arbor Vitæ, American, _Thuga occidentalis_. Blessed Virgin Mary.

     9. Spruce, Corsican, _Pinus laricio_. St. Leodocia, 304.

     10. Cypress, Portugal, _Cupressus pendula_. St. Eulalia.

     11. Pine, Aleppo, _Pinus halapensis_. St. Damascus, pope, 384.

     12. Heath, crowded, _Erica abietina_. St. Eadburga, 751.

     13. Arbor Vitæ, African, _Thuga cupressoides_. St. Lucy, martyr of
     Syracuse, 304.

     14. Pine, swamp, _Pinus palustris_. St. Spiridion, archbishop, 348.

     15. Pine, pitch, _Pinus resinosa_. St. Florence, abbot.

     16. Arbor Vitas, Chinese, _Thuga orientalis_. St. Adelaide,
     empress, 999.

     17. Cedar, white, _Cupressus thyoides_. St. Olympias, 410.

     18. Cypress, New-Holland, _Cupressus australis_. St. Winebald, 760.

     19. Heath, two-coloured, _Erica bicolor_. St. Samthana, abbess,
     738.

     20. Stone-pine, _Pinus pinea_. St. Philogonius, bishop of Antioch,
     322.

     21. Sparrow-wort, _Erica passerina_. St. Thomas, apostle.

     22. Heath, pellucid, _Erica pellucida_. St. Cyril, 881.

     23. Cedar of Lebanon, _Pinus cedrus_. St. Victoria, 250.

     24. Pine, frankincense, _Pinus tæda_. Sts. Thrasilla and Emiliana.

     25. Holly, _Ilex aculeata baccifera_. Nativity of our Saviour.

     26. Heath, purple, _Erica purpurea_. St. Stephen, first martyr.

     27. Heath, flame, _Erica flammea_. St. John, the Evangelist.

     28. Heath, bloody-flowered, _Erica cruenta_. The Holy Innocents,
     who suffered from Herod’s cruelty.

     29. Heath, _Erica genistopha_. St. Thomas, archbishop of
     Canterbury, 1170.

     30. Ponthieva, glandular, _Ponthieva glandulosa_. St. Anysia, 304.

     31. There is no flower appropriated to this day.




The Dial of Flowers.


    ’Twas a lovely thought to mark the hours,
      As they floated in light away,
    By the opening and the folding flowers
      That laugh to the summer’s day.

    Thus had each moment its own rich hue,
      And its graceful cup and bell,
    In whose coloured vase might sleep the dew,
      Like a pearl in an ocean shell.

    To such sweet signs might the time have flowed,
      In a golden current on,
    Ere from the garden, man’s first abode,
      The glorious guests were gone.

    So might the days have been brightly told--
      Those days of song and dreams--
    When shepherds gathered their flocks of old
      By the blue Arcadian streams;
    So, in those isles of delight, that rest
      Far off in a breezeless main,
    Which many a bark with a weary guest
      Has sought, but still in vain.

    Yet is not life, in its real flight,
      Marked thus--even thus--on earth,
    By the closing of one hope’s delight,
      And another’s gentle birth?

    Oh! let us live so that, flower by flower,
      Shutting in turn, may leave
    A lingerer still for the sunset hour,
      A charm for the shaded eve!

    _Hemans._

When a plant is approaching its state of perfection, when its organs of
nourishment are completely developed, and its vegetation is most
luxuriant, then arrives the time of flowering, which has been aptly
termed “the joy of plants.” The most superficial observer must have
noticed how different is the season of flowering of individual plants,
and how each month is adorned with its particular flowers. When the
intense cold of January confines us to our houses, the Black Hellebore,
or Christmas Rose, unfolds its dazzling white blossoms; in February, the
innocent Snowdrop presents to us her elegant cup. In the same month the
Hazel puts forth its catkins, and not rarely the early-blooming Crowfoot
shows the blue tips of its clusters of blossom. March boasts a richer
Flora; then the Violet delights us with its fragrance; the Mezereon
offers its peach-coloured flowers, and the Primrose leads on a long
train of the charming children of Spring. These now continue to advance
in increasing numbers, displaying, especially in May and June, their
highest splendour; till at length the Meadow Saffron takes leave of
inclement Autumn, and, saturated with rain, the Mosses acquire fresh
vigour, and open to the botanist a new field for investigation.

Not less different than the period of flowering is the time of the
opening and shutting of flowers. Some plants habitually open and close
their flowers by turns; others are governed in these respects by the
weather; others again, by the length or shortness of the day: while some
open and shut at certain hours, and thus furnish materials for composing
the Dial of Flowers.

According to the observations of later botanists, the flowery crown of
plants serves, among other things, to envelop the tender organs of
fructification, and to protect them from the pernicious influence of
external agents. Those organs of fructification are the chief objects of
the maternal care of Nature; while shut up in the flower-bud, they
acquire that strength and perfection of parts which enable them to
endure the light of the sun, and to perform the functions for which they
are designed. It is not till they are capable of fulfilling these
functions that the flower unfolds itself; but it again closes at such
times when external influences might be injurious to the delicate organs
of fructification. Many flowers can bear only the refreshing morning air
and the first rays of the sun, but remain shut all the rest of the day.
This may be particularly observed in the different species of
Convolvulus, Ipomæa, and Goat’s Beard. We find these, in general, open
only till about eleven o’clock. In like manner, the Mallows and the
Mesembryanthemums unfold their flowers about noon: and precisely at that
time, in serene weather, open the singularly-formed Drosera, and the
common Purslain, which shut again in an hour. Others unfold themselves
only in the evening, and continue open all night, probably because their
delicate organs would be injured by the sun. The Œnotheras, the Gauras,
and the different species of the Mirabilis, furnish examples of this
kind. Thus, too, the Cactus opuntia opens its magnificent blossoms at
night only, and towards morning shuts them up for ever. The flowers of
many plants of the nineteenth class are observed to hang their heads
during night--the Camellia, for example--by which means the rain, or
dew, which might injure the tender organs of fructification, can run off
the more easily. In other plants of this class, the flower shuts up
against rain, and on the approach of evening, as is the case with the
Marigolds.

The periodical change of colour in some flowers is also worthy of
remark. Thus, the flowers of the speckled French Honeysuckle (_Hedysarum
maculatum_) are purple in the morning and green at noon. The changeable
Hibiscus (_Hibiscus mutabilis_) is white in the morning, flesh-coloured
at noon, and rose-red in the evening. Thus, too, the great Corn-flag
(_Gladiolus grandis_) changes its colour several times in the course of
the day.

Neither is the scent of flowers equally strong and agreeable at all
hours of the day: many, even of our indigenous flowers, have the
strongest scent at night. The _Ixia cinnamomea_ gives out its fragrance
in the evening only; the highly-scented Lesser Orpine (_Crassula
odoratissima_) only in the night; the _Epidendrum fragrans_, morning and
evening; another species of Epidendrum, hung up in a room, without earth
or water, yields an agreeable perfume for years. The flowers of the
_Hebenstreitia dentata_ are scentless in the morning, have a
disagreeable smell at noon, and give out in the evening a fragrant
odour, not unlike that of the Hyacinth.

These properties of flowers, and the opening and shutting of many at
particular times of the day, led to the idea of planting them in such a
manner as to indicate the succession of the hours, and to make them
supply the place of a watch or clock. Those who are disposed to try the
experiment may easily compose such a dial by consulting the following
table, comprehending the hours between three in the morning and eight in
the evening.

+-------------------------------------------+--------+---------+
|           Names of Plants.                |Hours of|Hours of |
|                                           |Opening.|Shutting.|
+-------------------------------------------+--------+---------+
|Yellow Goat’s Beard (_Tragopogon           |        |         |
| luteum_)                                  |   3    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Common Base Hawkweed, (_Crepis             |        |         |
| tectorum_)                                |   4    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Field Sowthistle, (_Sonchus agrestis_)     |   5    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Dandelion (_Leontodon Taraxacum_)          |   5    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Alpine Base Hawkweed, (_Crepis             |        |         |
| alpina_)                                  |   5    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Naked-stalked Poppy (_Papaver              |        |         |
| nudicaule_)                               |   5    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Orange Day-lily (_Hemerocallis fulva_)     |   5    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Red Hawkweed (_Hieracium rubrum_)          |  5-6   |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Meadow Goshmore (_Hypochæris               |        |         |
| pratensis_)                               |   6    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Red Base Hawkweed, (_Crepis rubra_)        |  6-1/2 |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|White Water Lily (_Nymphæa alba_)          |   7    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|White Spiderwort (_Anthericum album_)      |   7    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Tongue-leafed Mesembryanthemum             |        |         |
| (_M. linguiforme_)                        |  7-8   |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Bearded Mesembryanthemum                   |        |         |
| (_M. barbatum_)                           |   8    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Dandelion (_Leontodon Taraxacum_)          |        |   8-9   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Yellow Goat’s Beard (_Tragopogon           |        |         |
| luteum_)                                  |        |    9    |
|                                           |        |         |
|Field Marigold (_Calendula arvensis_)      |   9    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Single-flowered Hawkweed (_Hieracium       |        |         |
| Pilosella_)                               |   9    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Red Pink (_Dianthus prolifer_)             |   9    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Red Sandwort (_Arenaria rubra_)            |  10    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Ice Plant (_Mesembryanthemum               |        |         |
| crystallinum_)                            |  10    |         |
|                                           |        |         |
|Common Base Hawkweed (_Crepis              |        |         |
| tectorum_)                                |  ...   |    11   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Alpine Base Hawkweed (_Crepis              |        |         |
| alpina_)                                  |  ...   |    11   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Field Sowthistle (_Sonchus agrestis_)      |  ...   |    12   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Red Pink (_Dianthus prolifer_)             |  ...   |     1   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Red Base Hawkweed (_Crepis                 |        |         |
| rubra_)                                   |  ...   |     1   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Bearded Mesembryanthemum                   |        |         |
| (_M. barbatum_)                           |  ...   |     2   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Single-flowered Hawkweed (_Hieracium       |        |         |
| Pilosella_)                               |  ...   |     2   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Red Sandwort (_Arenaria rubra_)            |  ...   |     3   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Field Marigold (_Calendula arvensis_)      |  ...   |     3   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Tongue-leafed Mesembryanthemum             |        |         |
| (_M. linguiforme_)                        |  ...   |     3   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Red Hawkweed (_Hieracium rubrum_)          |  ...   |     4   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Ice Plant (_Mesembryanthemum               |        |         |
| crystallinum_)                            |  ...   |     4   |
|                                           |        |         |
|White Spiderwort (_Anthericum              |        |         |
| album_)                                   |  ...   |     4   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Meadow Goshmore (_Hypochæris               |        |         |
| pratensis_)                               |  ...   |     5   |
|                                           |        |         |
|White Water Lily (_Nymphæa                 |        |         |
| alba_)                                    |  ...   |     6   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Naked-stalked Poppy, (_Papaver             |        |         |
| nudicaule_)                               |  ...   |     7   |
|                                           |        |         |
|Orange Day-lily, (_Hemeroeallis            |        |         |
| fulva_)                                   |  ...   |     8   |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+---------+

It is, of course, impossible to ensure the accurate going of such a
dial, because the temperature, the dryness, and the dampness of the air,
have a considerable influence on the opening and shutting of flowers.


THE END.