=Technical Bulletin 117
                                                   Revised August 1969=




                             =Common Names
                           of a Selected List
                               of Plants

                                  By=

                Kling L. Anderson and Clenton E. Owensby


                    =AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
                        Kansas State University
                   of Agriculture and Applied Science
                               Manhattan=

                        Floyd W. Smith, Director




                               =CONTENTS=


                                                             Page
     Index to common names                                      4
     Grasses                                                   18
     Sedges, rushes, and related genera                        27
     Ferns and related genera                                  28
     Other monocots                                            29
     Legumes                                                   30
     Other dicot forbs                                         35
     Woody plants                                              55
     Common species names and their English meanings           60




             =Common Names of a Selected List of Plants=[1]

              Kling L. Anderson and Clenton E. Owensby[2]


Common names of plants often vary widely from place to place, even
within rather limited areas. Frequently-occurring and widely-known
species may have local names, or the same name may be used for several
species. Common names, therefore, often fail to identify plants
accurately. That makes it difficult to communicate about plants; the
confusion may even discontinue attempts to convey ideas about the
subject. Conversations may shift to a subject with an adequate common
nomenclature.

Scientific names are essential in formal writing. When common names are
to be used, as in less formal publications, scientific names must also
be given either at the place where the common ones first appear in the
paper, in a footnote, or in an appended list. Only scientific names
identify the species for all readers. In completely informal writing
for a broad area, scientific names may be omitted.

Since common names are so widely used, they should be used as uniformly
as possible. The following common names are considered “standardized”
for all writing in the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and may
also be used as a guide in teaching. A single common name is given to
each plant listed if it has such a name.

This list grew from an earlier Kansas list of grasses and legumes that
emphasized chiefly range and pasture plants. It is extended here to
include most plant families and genera that occur in Kansas and many
species that do not necessarily occur in Kansas but may be important or
closely related to those listed. Obviously, not all Kansas plants could
be included, and therefore many minor plants have been omitted. Species
not obviously important had to be somewhat arbitrary. Perhaps certain
species listed could have been omitted and others not included might
have been added. The list can, therefore, grow or be altered as need
for change is shown. If further information on common names is needed,
the Kelsey and Dayton 1942 edition of Standardized Plant Names[3]
should be consulted.


                          =Genus Common Names=

In preparing this list, we attempted to give a single common name to
each genus and to use it in connection with common names for each
of the species listed under that genus. For example, brome for the
genus, _Bromus_, and various species such as smooth brome and hairy
brome. Thus, there are two words for species names. However, common
names of some species are single words and may not bear the generic
name at all; for example, switchgrass, curlymesquite, catchflygrass,
darnel, needleandthread, berseem, and horsebean. Some genera have
more than one common name, but in that case the genus is subdivided
into different types, each with its own common name. For example,
most species of the genus _Panicum_ are called panicum, but certain
others are witchgrass; _Melica_ is melic, but bulbous species of that
genus are called oniongrass; and _Setaria_ is bristlegrass, but the
name millet is applied to certain ones. Some poisonous species of
_Astragalus_ are called loco, but nonpoisonous ones are milkvetch and
the selenium-gathering ones, poisonvetch. In a few cases the same
common name is applied to two genera, but that generally occurs only
when the genera involved are closely related. They may formerly have
been considered a single genus.

The words tree, grass, bean, seed, etc. are combined with key words
to make common names of many genera and species. Examples of the
former are dropseed, cupgrass, tanglehead, peavine, wildindigo,
coffeetree, and sensitivebriar; and of the latter, breadroot scurfpea,
splitbeard bluestem, shortawn foxtail, and smoothseed wildbean.
Hyphens are avoided except in a few cases where they are used to make
spelling, meaning, or pronunciation more clearly understood. Some
examples are s-curve threeawn, blue-eyedgrass, climbing-buckwheat,
dutchmans-breeches, snow-on-the-mountain, fat-hen saltbrush,
false-alyssum.


                         =Species Common Names=

The common name for an individual species is a contraction of the
genus common name and, in most cases, a descriptive adjective for a
particular species. An example is the common name for _Bromus inermis_
The common name for the genus is brome and the descriptive adjective
associated with the species name _inermis_ is smooth, hence smooth
brome is the common name for that species.

In many cases a satisfactory common name did not exist for a particular
species, yet the species name’s English meaning described the plant
well. Such plants were given common names based on the meaning of
their species name. An example is _Lygodesmia rostrata_. It has no
satisfactory common name. In this publication it is called beaked
skeletonplant, based on the English meaning of _rostrata_ and the
accepted common name for the genus, skeletonplant.


                            =Capitalization=

In general, capitals are avoided for common plant names. They are not
used where proper nouns are combined with such words as grass, tree,
bean, etc., for example, bermudagrass, indiangrass, johnsongrass, but
are used when the name is that of a country, state, or other place
and is a separate word as in Virginia wildrye, Texas bean, California
burclover, and Missouri milkvetch. They are not used, however, when
the name is derived from a man’s name; for example, lambert crazyweed,
dillen tickclover, chewings fescue, and lehmann lovegrass. Capitals
are, of course, used for proper names of strains or varieties, but such
usage is beyond the scope of this list. The few exceptions to all of
these “rules” are dictated by firmly established usage.


                             =Authorities=

To identify each species as definitely as possible, authorities are
given for scientific names. Authorities for grass names are from
Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.[4] The others were compiled from various
sources by Dr. L. C. Hulbert, Department of Botany, Kansas State
University, chiefly from these sources: Gray’s Manual, 8th ed.,[5]
The New Illustrated Britton and Brown,[6] and Harrington’s Manual.[7]
Occasionally other sources were used for a few or for single species.

Since authorities were taken directly from the various sources
without change, some differences in abbreviation occur. For example,
Hitchcock’s manual abbreviates Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth as H.B.K.,
while most other manuals consulted use HBK. Certain other names may be
spelled fully in one manual and abbreviated in others.


                         =Common Name Sources=

Several workers helped with selecting plants to be included and common
names for them. For the most part, the common names are those used in
Kelsey and Dayton, Standardized Plant Names (SPN).[8] However, common
names of some species are so different and are so firmly entrenched
in common usage that the names given in SPN could not be used in this
list. An example is “broomsedge” for _Andropogon virginicus_. In SPN
it is “yellowsedge bluestem,” a name never heard in the area this list
serves.


                           =ACKNOWLEDGMENTS=

Appreciation is expressed to those who aided in selecting both plants
and their common names:

The late F. W. Albertson, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State
College

L. E. Anderson, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University, now at
University of Missouri, Columbia

M. D. Atkins, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

J. K. Greig, Jr., Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State
University

C. V. Hall, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State
University

L. C. Hulbert, Division of Biology, Kansas State University

R. A. Keen, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State
University

J. L. Launchbaugh, Kansas Branch Agricultural Experiment Station, Hays,
Kansas

E. L. Mader, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

C. M. Schumacher, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

G. W. Tomanek, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State College

H. D. Wilkins, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

Special thanks go to Dr. John L. Launchbaugh for carefully editing the
final draft.


     FOOTNOTES:

     [1] Contribution No. 692, Department of Agronomy, Kansas
          Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan.

     [2] Professor Emeritus and Agronomist, Kansas Agricultural
          Experiment Station: and Instructor in Range and
          Pasture Management.

     [3] Kelsey, H. P. and W. A. Dayton. 1942. Standardized
          Plant Names. J. Horace McFarland Co., Harrisburg, Pa.

     [4] Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Manual of Grasses of the U.S.
          USDA Misc. Publication 200 (Revised).

     [5] Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany, 8th ed.
          American Book Co., New York.

     [6] Gleason, H. A. 1952. The New Britton and Brown
          Illustrated Flora. New York Botanical Garden (3
          volumes).

     [7] Harrington, H. D. 1954. Manual of the Plants of
          Colorado. Sage Books, Denver.

     [8] Ibid.




                        =INDEX TO COMMON NAMES=


Genera only are listed in this index except where the common species
name differs from the common name of its genus and does not include the
latter. Scientific names are also shown.


 =Common Name              Scientific Name                       Page=
  Acacia                   _Acacia_                                30
  Adderstongue             _Ophioglossum_                          28
  Agoseris, wavyleaf       _Microseris cuspidata_                  47
  Agrimony                 _Agrimonia_                             35
  Alfalfa                  _Medicago_                              32
  Alkaligrass              _Puccinellia_                           25
  Alumroot                 _Heuchera_                              44
  Alyceclover              _Alysicarpus_                           30
  Amaranth                 _Amaranthus_                            35
  Ammannia                 _Ammannia_                              35
  Amorpha                  _Amorpha_                           30, 55
  Amsonia                  _Amsonia_                               35
  Anemone                  _Anemone_                               35
  Antelopehorn             _Asclepiodora_                          37
  Apple                    _Pyrus_                                 57
  Arrowhead                _Sagittaria_                            30
  Ash                      _Fraxinus_                              57
  Asparagus                _Asparagus_                             29
  Aster                    _Aster_                                 37
  Avens                    _Geum_                                  43
  Baccharis                _Baccharis_                             56
  Bagpod                   _Glottidium_                            31
  Bahia                    _Bahia_                                 37
  Bahiagrass               _Paspalum notatum_                      24
  Barberry                 _Berberis_                              56
  Barley                   _Hordeum_                               22
  Barnyardgrass            _Echinochloa crusgalli_                 21
  Basketflower             _Centaurea americana_                   38
  Basswood                 _Tilia_                                 59
  Beachgrass               _Ammophila_                             18
  Beakgrain                _Diarrhena_                             20
  Bean                     _Phaseolus_                             33
  Bedstraw                 _Galium_                                43
  Beebalm                  _Monarda_                               48
  Beet                     _Beta_                                  37
  Beggarticks              _Bidens_                                37
  Bellflower               _Campanula_                             38
  Bentgrass                _Agrostis_                              18
  Bergia                   _Bergia_                                37
  Berlandiera              _Berlandiera_                           37
  Bermudagrass             _Cynodon_                               20
  Berseem                  _Trifolium alexandrinum_                34
  Berula                   _Berula_                                37
  Betony                   _Stachys_                               53
  Bindweed                 _Convolvulus_                           40
  Birch                    _Betula_                                56
  Birdwoodgrass            _Cenchrus setigerus_                    20
  Bittercress              _Cardamine_                             38
  Bittersweet              _Celastrus_                             56
  Bitterweed               _Hymenoxys odorata_                     45
  Blackberry               _Rubus_                                 58
  Blackberrylily           _Belamcanda_                            29
  Blackeyedsusan           _Rudbeckia hirta_                       51
  Blackfoot                _Melampodium_                           47
  Bladderfern              _Cystopteris_                           28
  Bladdernut               _Staphylea_                             59
  Bladderpod               _Lesquerella_                           46
  Bladderwort              _Utricularia_                           54
  Bloodroot                _Sanguinaria_                           52
  Blowoutgrass             _Redfieldia_                            25
  Blue-eyedgrass           _Sisyrinchium_                          30
  Bluegrass                _Poa_                                   24
  Bluehearts               _Buchnera_                              38
  Bluestem                 _Andropogon_; _Bothriochloa_            18
  Bluets                   _Houstonia_                             44
  Blueweed                 _Echium vulgare_                        41
  Boltonia                 _Boltonia_                              38
  Boneset                  _Eupatorium perfoliatum_                42
  Bottlebrushgrass         _Hystrix_                               22
  Bouncingbet              _Saponaria officinalis_                 52
  Boxelder                 _Acer negundo_                          55
  Bracken                  _Pteridium_                             28
  Brickellia               _Brickellia_                            38
  Bristlegrass             _Setaria_                               25
  Broadbean                _Vicia faba_                            34
  Brome                    _Bromus_                                19
  Broom                    _Cytisus_                           31, 56
  Broomcorn                _Sorghum bicolor_ var. _technicum_      25
  Broomrape                _Orobanche_                             49
  Broomsedge               _Andropogon virginicus_                 18
  Broomweed                _Gutierrezia dracunculoides_            43
  Browneyedsusan           _Rudbeckia triloba_                     51
  Browntopmillet           _Panicum ramosum_                       23
  Buckbrush                _Symphoricarpos orbiculatus_            59
  Buckeye                  _Aesculus_                              55
  Buckhorn                 _Plantago lanceolata_                   50
  Buckthorn                _Rhamnus_                               58
  Buckwheat                _Fagopyrum_                             42
  Buffalogourd             _Cucurbita foetidissima_                40
  Buffalograss             _Buchloë_                               20
  Buffelgrass              _Pennisetum ciliare_                    24
  Bugleweed                _Lycopus_                               47
  Bugseed                  _Corispermum nitidum_                   40
  Bulbostylis              _Bulbostylis_                           27
  Bulrush                  _Scirpus_                               28
  Bumelia                  _Bumelia_                               56
  Bunchflower              _Melanthium_                            29
  Bundleflower             _Desmanthus_                            31
  Burclover                _Medicago_                              32
  Burcucumber              _Sicyos_                                52
  Burdock                  _Arctium_                               36
  Burgrass                 _Tragus_                                26
  Burhead                  _Echinodorus_                           29
  Burnweed                 _Erechtites_                            41
  Burragweed               _Franseria tomentosa_                   42
  Burreed                  _Sparganium_                            30
  Burrograss               _Scleropogon_                           25
  Bursage                  _Franseria_                             42
  Buttercup                _Ranunculus_                            51
  Butternut                _Juglans cinerea_                       57
  Buttonbush               _Cephalanthus_                          56
  Buttonweed               _Diodia_                                41
  Cabbage                  _Brassica oleracea_                     38
  Calceolaria              _Hybanthus_                             45
  Caltrop                  _Kallstroemia_                          45
  Camas                    _Camassia_                              29
  Camomile                 _Anthemis_                              36
  Camphorweed              _Heterotheca_                           44
  Canarygrass              _Phalaris_                              24
  Cane                     _Arundinaria_                           19
  Cardinalflower           _Lobelia cardinalis_                    47
  Cardinalflower, western  _Lobelia splendens_                     47
  Carpetgrass              _Axonopus_                              19
  Carpetweed               _Mollugo_                               48
  Carrot                   _Daucus_                                41
  Castorbean               _Ricinus_                               51
  Catalpa                  _Catalpa_                               56
  Catchfly, sleepy         _Silene antirrhina_                     52
  Catchflygrass            _Leersia lenticularis_                  22
  Catnip                   _Nepeta cataria_                        48
  Cattail                  _Typha_                                 30
  Ceanothus                _Ceanothus_                             56
  Centaurea                _Centaurea_                             38
  Centipedegrass           _Eremochloa_                            21
  Cerastium                _Cerastium_                             38
  Charlock                 _Brassica kaber_                        38
  Cheat                    _Bromus secalinus_                      20
  Cherry                   _Prunus_                                57
  Chervil                  _Chaerophyllum_                         38
  Chickencorn              _Sorghum bicolor_ var. _drummondii_     25
  Chickpea                 _Cicer_                                 31
  Chickweed                _Stellaria media_                       54
  Chicory                  _Cichorium_                             39
  Chineselantern           _Physalis lobata_                       50
  Chloris                  _Chloris_                               20
  Chokecherry              _Prunus virginiana_                     57
  Cholla                   _Opuntia_                               48
  Christmasfern            _Polystichum acrostichoides_            29
  Cinquefoil               _Potentilla_                            51
  Circaea                  _Circaea_                               39
  Clammyweed               _Polanisia_                             50
  Clearweed                _Pilea_                                 50
  Clematis                 _Clematis_                              39
  Cleomella                _Cleomella_                             39
  Cliffbrake               _Pellaea_                               28
  Climbing-buckwheat       _Polygonum convolvulus_                 50
  Climbingmilkweed         _Ampelamus albidus_                     35
  Cloakfern                _Notholaena_                            28
  Clover                   _Trifolium_                             34
  Cockle, white            _Lychnis alba_                          47
  Cocklebur                _Xanthium_                              55
  Cockspur                 _Echinochloa_                           21
  Coffeetree               _Gymnocladus_                       32, 57
  Cogongrass               _Imperata_                              22
  Collinsia                _Collinsia_                             39
  Columbine                _Aquilegia_                             36
  Comandra                 _Comandra_                              39
  Compassplant             _Silphium laciniatum_                   53
  Coneflower               _Dracopis_; _Rudbeckia_             41, 51
  Conyza                   _Conyza_                                40
  Copperleaf               _Acalypha_                              35
  Cordgrass                _Spartina_                              25
  Coreopsis                _Coreopsis_                             40
  Corkwing, mountain       _Cymopterus montanus_                   40
  Corn                     _Zea_                                   26
  Corncockle               _Agrostemma_                            35
  Cornflower               _Centaurea cyanus_                      38
  Cornsalad                _Valerianella_                          54
  Corydalis                _Corydalis_                             40
  Cotton                   _Gossypium_                             44
  Cottontop                _Trichachne_                            26
  Cottonwood               _Populus_                               57
  Cowlily                  _Nuphar_                                48
  Cowpea                   _Vigna_                                 35
  Crabapple                _Pyrus_                                 57
  Crabgrass                _Digitaria_                             20
  Crazyweed                _Oxytropis_                             33
  Creeper                  _Parthenocissus_                        57
  Cress, hoary             _Cardaria draba_                        38
  Cristatella              _Cristatella_                           40
  Crotalaria               _Crotalaria_                            31
  Croton                   _Croton_                                40
  Crotonopsis              _Crotonopsis_                           40
  Crowfoot                 _Ranunculus_                            51
  Crownbeard               _Verbesina_                             55
  Crownvetch               _Coronilla_                             31
  Cryptantha               _Cryptantha_                            40
  Cudweed                  _Gnaphalium_                            43
  Culversphysic            _Veronicastrum virginicum_              55
  Cupgrass                 _Eriochloa_                             21
  Cuphea                   _Cuphea_                                40
  Curlymesquite            _Hilaria belangeri_                     22
  Currant                  _Ribes_                                 58
  Cutgrass                 _Leersia_                               22
  Cyclanthera              _Cyclanthera_                           40
  Cymopterus               _Cymopterus_                            40
  Dalea                    _Dalea_                                 31
  Dallisgrass              _Paspalum dilatatum_                    24
  Dandelion                _Taraxacum_                             54
  Danthonia                _Danthonia_                             20
  Darnel                   _Lolium temulentum_                     22
  Datura                   _Datura_                                41
  Dayflower                _Commelina_                             29
  Deathcamas               _Zygadenus_                             30
  Deervetch                _Lotus_                                 32
  Devilsclaw               _Proboscidea_                           51
  Dewberry                 _Rubus_                                 58
  Dianthera                _Justicia_                              45
  Diaperia                 _Diaperia_                              41
  Dicliptera               _Dicliptera_                            41
  Ditaxis                  _Ditaxis_                               41
  Dock                     _Rumex_                                 51
  Dodder                   _Cuscuta_                               40
  Dogbane                  _Apocynum_                              36
  Dogtail                  _Cynosurus_                             20
  Dogweed                  _Dyssodia_                              41
  Dogwood                  _Cornus_                                56
  Draba                    _Draba_                                 41
  Dropseed                 _Sporobolus_                            25
  Ducksmeat                _Spirodela_                             30
  Duckweed                 _Lemna_                                 29
  Dutchmans-breeches       _Dicentra cucullaria_                   41
  Dutchmanspipe            _Aristolochia_                          36
  Dwarfdandelion           _Krigia_                                45
  Echinacea                _Echinacea_                             41
  Echinocereus             _Echinocereus_                          41
  Einkorn                  _Triticum monococcum_                   26
  Elderberry               _Sambucus_                              59
  Elephantsfoot            _Elephantopus_                          41
  Ellisia                  _Ellisia_                               41
  Elm                      _Ulmus_                                 59
  Elodea                   _Elodea_                                29
  Emmer                    _Triticum dicoccum_                     26
  Engelmanndaisy           _Engelmannia_                           41
  Eriogonum                _Eriogonum_                             42
  Eryngo                   _Eryngium_                              42
  Erysimum                 _Erysimum_                              42
  Eulophus                 _Perideridia_                           49
  Euonymus                 _Euonymus_                              56
  Eupatorium               _Eupatorium_                            42
  Euphorbia                _Euphorbia_                             42
  Eveningprimrose          _Oënothera_                             48
  Evolvulus                _Evolvulus_                             42
  False-alyssum            _Berteroa_                              37
  Falseboneset             _Kuhnia eupatorioides_                  45
  Falsebuffalograss        _Munroa_                                23
  Falsedandelion           _Pyrrhopappus_                          51
  Falseflax                _Camelina_                              38
  Falsegarlic              _Nothoscordum_                          29
  Falsegrape               _Ampelopsis_                            55
  Falsenettle              _Boehmeria_                             38
  Falsenightshade          _Chamaesaracha_                         39
  Falsepennyroyal          _Hedeoma_                               44
  Falsepimpernel           _Lindernia_                             46
  Fameflower               _Talinum_                               54
  Fawnlily                 _Erythronium_                           29
  Feathergrass, New Mexico _Stipa neomexicana_                     26
  Feathertop               _Pennisetum villosum_                   24
  Fenugreek                _Trigonella foenum-graecum_             34
  Fescue                   _Festuca_                               21
  Figwort                  _Scrophularia_                          52
  Filaree                  _Erodium cicutarium_                    42
  Filbert                  _Corylus_                               56
  Fimbristylis             _Fimbristylis_                          27
  Fingergrass              _Digitaria_                             20
  Fireweed                 _Epilobium angustifolium_               41
  Flatsedge                _Cyperus_                               27
  Flaveria                 _Flaveria_                              42
  Flax                     _Linum_                                 46
  Fleabane                 _Erigeron_                              41
  Flowerofanhour           _Hibiscus trionum_                      44
  Fluffgrass               _Tridens pulchellus_                    26
  Fluxweed                 _Isanthus_                              45
  Fogfruit, wedgeleaf      _Lippia lanceolata_                     46
  Forgetmenot              _Myosotis_                              48
  Fountaingrass            _Pennisetum ruppelii_                   24
  Four-o’clock             _Mirabilis_                             48
  Foxtail                  _Alopecurus_                            18
  Fringeorchid             _Habenaria_                             29
  Fuirena                  _Fuirena_                               27
  Funnellily               _Androstephium_                         29
  Gaillardia               _Gaillardia_                            43
  Galleta                  _Hilaria jamesii_                       22
  Galleta, big             _Hilaria rigida_                        22
  Gamagrass                _Tripsacum_                             26
  Garlic                   _Allium_                                29
  Garlicmustard            _Alliaria_                              35
  Gaura                    _Gaura_                                 43
  Gayfeather               _Liatris_                               46
  Gentian                  _Gentiana_                              43
  Geranium                 _Geranium_                              43
  Gerardia                 _Gerardia_                              43
  Germander                _Teucrium_                              54
  Ghostpipe                _Orobanche uniflora_                    49
  Gianthyssop              _Agastache_                             35
  Giantreed                _Arundo_                                19
  Gilia                    _Gilia_                                 43
  Ginkgo                   _Ginkgo_                                57
  Globemallow              _Sphaeralcea_                           53
  Goatgrass                _Aegilops_                              18
  Goldaster                _Chrysopsis_                            39
  Goldenrod                _Solidago_                              53
  Goldenweed               _Haplopappus_                           44
  Goldstargrass            _Hypoxis hirsuta_                       29
  Gooseberry               _Ribes_                                 58
  Goosefoot                _Chenopodium_                           39
  Goosegrass               _Eleusine_                              21
  Grama                    _Bouteloua_                             19
  Grape                    _Vitis_                                 59
  Greasewood               _Sarcobatus_                            59
  Greenbriar               _Smilax_                                30
  Greenthread              _Thelesperma_                           54
  Gromwell                 _Lithospermum_                          46
  Groundcherry             _Physalis_                              49
  Groundivy                _Glechoma hederacea_                    43
  Groundsel                _Senecio_                               52
  Guineagrass              _Panicum maximum_                       23
  Gumweed                  _Grindelia_                             43
  Hackberry                _Celtis_                                56
  Hairgrass                _Aira; Deschampsia_                  18,20
  Hairsedge bulbstyle      _Bulbostylis cappillaris_               27
  Hardinggrass             _Phalaris tuberosa_ var. _stenoptera_   24
  Haresear                 _Conringia_                             40
  Hawkweed                 _Hieracium_                             44
  Hawthorn                 _Crataegus_                             56
  Hazel                    _Corylus_                               56
  Hedgehyssop              _Gratiola_                              43
  Hedgemustard             _Sisymbrium officinale_                 53
  Heliopsis                _Heliopsis_                             44
  Heliotrope               _Heliotropium_                          44
  Hemicarpha               _Hemicarpha_                            28
  Hemp                     _Cannabis_                              38
  Henbit                   _Lamium amplexicaule_                   46
  Hibiscus                 _Hibiscus_                              44
  Hickory                  _Carya_                                 56
  Hilaria                  _Hilaria_                               22
  Hoarhound                _Marrubium_                             47
  Hogpeanut                _Amphicarpa_                            30
  Holly                    _Ilex_                                  57
  Hollyfern                _Polystichum_                           28
  Honeylocust              _Gleditsia_                         31, 57
  Honeysuckle              _Lonicera_                          47, 57
  Hop                      _Humulus_                               45
  Hophornbeam              _Ostrya_                                57
  Hoptree                  _Ptelea_                                57
  Hornwort                 _Ceratophyllum_                         38
  Horsebean                _Vicia faba_ var. _equina_              34
  Horsegentian             _Triosteum_                             54
  Horsenettle              _Solanum carolinense_                   53
  Horseradish              _Armoracia lapathifolia_                36
  Horsetail                _Equisetum_                             28
  Horseweed                _Conyza canadensis_                     40
  Houndstongue             _Cynoglossum_                           40
  Hyacinthbean             _Dolichos_                              31
  Hymenopappus             _Hymenopappus_                          45
  Hymenoxys                _Hymenoxys_                             45
  Hyparrhenia              _Hyparrhenia_                           22
  Indiangrass              _Sorghastrum_                           25
  Indianplantain           _Cacalia_                               38
  Indigo                   _Indigofera_                            32
  Iris                     _Iris_                                  29
  Ironplant                _Haplopappus spinulosus_                44
  Ironweed                 _Vernonia_                              55
  Isopyrum                 _Isopyrum_                              45
  Jackinthepulpit          _Arisaema_                              29
  Japanesemillet           _Echinochloa crusgalli_
                              var. _frumentacea_                   21
  Jaragua                  _Hyparrhenia rufa_                      22
  Jerusalemartichoke       _Helianthus tuberosus_                  44
  Jimsonweed               _Datura stramonium_                     41
  Jobstears                _Coix_                                  20
  Joepyeweed               _Eupatorium_                            42
  Johnnyjumpup             _Viola kitaibeliana_
                              var. _rafinesquii_                   55
  Johnsongrass             _Sorghum halepense_                     25
  Jointtail                _Manisuris_                             22
  Junegrass                _Koeleria_                              22
  Juniper                  _Juniperus_                             57
  Kale                     _Brassica oleracea_ var. _acephala_     38
  Kidneyvetch              _Anthyllis_                             30
  Kikuyugrass              _Pennisetum clandestinum_               24
  Knapweed, Russian        _Centaurea repens_                      38
  Knotgrass                _Paspalum distichum_                    24
  Knotweed                 _Polygonum_                             50
  Kochia                   _Kochia_                                45
  Krameria                 _Krameria_                              45
  Kudzu                    _Pueraria_                              33
  Kuhnia                   _Kuhnia_                                45
  Lacegrass                _Eragrostis capillaris_                 21
  Ladiestresses            _Spiranthes_                            30
  Ladyslipper              _Cypripedium_                           29
  Lambsquarters            _Chenopodium album_                     39
  Larkspur                 _Delphinium_                            41
  Lawngrass, Japanese      _Zoysia japonica_                       26
  Leadplant                _Amorpha canescens_                 30, 55
  Lentil                   _Lens_                                  32
  Lespedeza                _Lespedeza_                         32, 57
  Lettuce                  _Lactuca_                               46
  Licorice                 _Glycyrrhiza_                           32
  Lilac                    _Syringa_                               59
  Lily                     _Lilium_                                29
  Linden                   _Tilia_                                 59
  Lionsheart               _Physostegia_                           50
  Lipfern                  _Cheilanthes_                           28
  Lippia                   _Lippia_                                46
  Lobelia                  _Lobelia_                               47
  Loco                     _Astragalus_                            30
  Locust                   _Robinia_                           34, 58
  Lomatium                 _Lomatium_                              47
  Longtom                  _Paspalum lividum_                      24
  Loosestrife              _Lysimachia_                            47
  Lophotocarpus            _Lophotocarpus_                         29
  Lopseed                  _Phryma_                                49
  Lotus                    _Nelumbo_                               48
  Lovegrass                _Eragrostis_                            21
  Lupine                   _Lupinus_                               32
  Lythrum                  _Lythrum_                               47
  Macuillamia              _Bacopa_                                37
  Maidenhairfern           _Adiantum_                              28
  Malacothrix              _Malacothrix_                           47
  Mallow                   _Malva_                                 47
  Mamillaria               _Mamillaria_                            47
  Manillagrass             _Zoysia matrella_                       26
  Mannagrass               _Glyceria_                              22
  Maple                    _Acer_                                  55
  Marbleseed               _Onosmodium_                            48
  Marshfern                _Dryopteris thelypteris_                28
  Mascarenegrass           _Zoysia tenuifolia_                     26
  Matgrass                 _Nardus_                                23
  Matrimonyvine            _Lycium halimifolium_                   57
  Mayapple                 _Podophyllum_                           50
  Meadowrue                _Thalictrum_                            54
  Medic                    _Medicago_                              32
  Melic                    _Melica_                                22
  Mentzelia                _Mentzelia_                             47
  Mesquite                 _Prosopis_                          33, 57
  Milkvetch                _Astragalus_                            30
  Milkweed                 _Asclepias_                             36
  Millet                   _Panicum_; _Setaria_                    25
  Mint                     _Mentha_                                47
  Mitchellgrass            _Astrebla_                              19
  Mockbishopweed           _Ptilimnium_                            51
  Mockcucumber             _Echinocystis_                          41
  Molassesgrass            _Melinis_                               22
  Moneywort                _Lysimachia nummularia_                 47
  Monkeyflower             _Mimulus_                               47
  Monolepis                _Monolepis_                             48
  Moonseed                 _Menispermum_                           47
  Morningglory             _Ipomoea_                               45
  Motherwort               _Leonurus_                              46
  Mountainash              _Sorbus_                                59
  Mountainmint             _Pycnanthemum_                          51
  Mousetail                _Myosurus_                              48
  Mudplantain              _Heteranthera_                          29
  Muhly                    _Muhlenbergia_                          22
  Mulberry                 _Morus_                                 57
  Mullein                  _Verbascum_                             54
  Muskthistle              _Carduus nutans_                        38
  Mustard                  _Brassica_                              38
  Naiad                    _Najas_                                 29
  Nailwort                 _Paronychia_                            49
  Napiergrass              _Pennisetum purpureum_                  24
  Nasturtium               _Nasturtium_                            48
  Natalgrass               _Rhynchelytrum roseum_                  25
  Needleandthread          _Stipa comata_                          26
  Needlegrass              _Stipa_                                 26
  Nemastylis               _Nemastylis_                            29
  Nepeta                   _Nepeta_                                48
  Nettle                   _Urtica_                                54
  Nightshade               _Solanum_                               53
  Nimblewill               _Muhlenbergia schreberi_                23
  Nitgrass                 _Gastridium_                            22
  Noseburn                 _Tragia_                                54
  Nutgrass                 _Cyperus_                               27
  Oak                      _Quercus_                               58
  Oakleech                 _Dasistoma_                             41
  Oat                      _Avena_                                 19
  Oatgrass                 _Arrhenatherum_                         19
  Okra                     _Hibiscus esculentus_                   44
  Onion                    _Allium_                                29
  Oniongrass               _Melica_                                22
  Orach, tumbling          _Atriplex rosea_                        37
  Orchardgrass             _Dactylis_                              20
  Orcuttia                 _Orcuttia_                              23
  Oregongrape              _Mahonia aquifolium_                    57
  Osageorange              _Maclura_                               57
  Othake                   _Palafoxia_                             49
  Oxalis                   _Oxalis_                                49
  Oxeyedaisy               _Chrysanthemum leucanthemum_            39
  Paintbrush               _Castilleja_                            38
  Paleseed                 _Conobea_                               40
  Pampasgrass              _Cortaderia_                            20
  Pangolagrass             _Digitaria decumbens_                   20
  Panicum                  _Panicum_                               23
  Paperflower              _Psilostrophe_                          51
  Pappusgrass              _Pappophorum_                           24
  Paragrass                _Panicum purpurascens_                  23
  Parrotfeather            _Myriophyllum_                          48
  Parsnip                  _Pastinaca_                             49
  Parthenium               _Parthenium_                            49
  Partridgepea             _Cassia_                                31
  Paspalum                 _Paspalum_                              24
  Pawpaw                   _Asimina_                               55
  Pea                      _Pisum_                                 33
  Peanut                   _Arachis_                               30
  Pear                     _Pyrus communis_                        57
  Pearlmillet              _Pennisetum glaucum_                    24
  Pearlwort                _Sagina_                                52
  Peashrub                 _Caragana_                          31, 56
  Peavine                  _Lathyrus_                              32
  Pecan                    _Carya illinoensis_                     56
  Pectis                   _Pectis_                                49
  Pedicularis              _Pedicularis_                           49
  Pellitory                _Parietaria_                            49
  Pencilflower             _Stylosanthes_                          34
  Pennisetum               _Pennisetum_                            24
  Pennycress               _Thlaspi_                               54
  Penstemon                _Penstemon_                             49
  Penthorum                _Penthorum_                             49
  Peppergrass              _Lenidium densiflorum_                  46
  Pepperweed               _Lepidium_                              46
  Pepperwort               _Marsilea_                              28
  Perilla                  _Perilla_                               49
  Persimmon                _Diospyros_                             56
  Phacelia                 _Phacelia_                              49
  Phlox                    _Phlox_                                 49
  Pigeonpea                _Cajanus_                               31
  Pigweed                  _Amaranthus_                            35
  Pimpernel                _Anagallis_                             35
  Pinedropseed             _Blepharoneuron_                        19
  Pinegrass                _Calamagrostis rubescens_               20
  Pinweed                  _Lechea_                                46
  Plantain                 _Plantago_                              50
  Plum                     _Prunus_                                57
  Plumegrass               _Erianthus_                             21
  Poisonhemlock            _Conium maculatum_                      40
  Poisonivy                _Rhus radicans_                         58
  Poisonvetch              _Astragalus_                            30
  Pokeberry                _Phytolacca_                            50
  Polemonium               _Polemonium_                            50
  Polygala                 _Polygala_                              50
  Polypogon                _Polypogon_                             25
  Polytaenia               _Polytaenia_                            50
  Pondweed                 _Potamogeton_                           29
  Poolmat                  _Zannichellia_                          30
  Poplar                   _Populus_                               57
  Poppymallow              _Callirhoë_                             38
  Porcupinegrass           _Stipa spartea_                         26
  Portulaca                _Portulaca_                             50
  Potato                   _Solanum tuberosum_                     53
  Potatobean               _Apios_                                 30
  Prairieclover            _Petalostemum_                          33
  Prairieconeflower        _Ratibida_                              51
  Prairiegentian           _Eustoma_                               42
  Pricklyash               _Xanthoxylum_                           59
  Pricklypear              _Opuntia_                               48
  Pricklypoppy             _Argemone_                              36
  Princesplume             _Stanleya_                              53
  Proso                    _Panicum miliaceum_                     23
  Puncturevine             _Tribulus_                              54
  Purplerocket             _Iodanthus_                             45
  Purpletop                _Tridens flavus_                        26
  Purslane                 _Portulaca_                             50
  Pussytoes                _Antennaria_                            35
  Quackgrass               _Agropyron repens_                      18
  Quakinggrass             _Briza_                                 19
  Quickweed                _Galinsoga_                             43
  Quillwort                _Isoëtes_                               28
  Rabbitbrush              _Chrysothamnus_                         56
  Radish                   _Raphanus_                              51
  Ragweed                  _Ambrosia_                              35
  Rainlily                 _Cooperia_                              29
  Rape                     _Brassica rapa_                         38
  Raspberry                _Rubus_                                 58
  Rattlesnakefern          _Botrychium_                            28
  Rattlesnakeroot          _Prenanthes_                            51
  Ravennagrass             _Erianthus ravennae_                    21
  Razorsedge               _Scleria_                               28
  Redbud                   _Cercis_                            31, 56
  Redcedar                 _Juniperus virginiana_                  57
  Redtop                   _Agrostis alba_                         18
  Reed                     _Phragmites_                            24
  Reedgrass                _Calamagrostis_                         20
  Rhodesgrass              _Chloris gayana_                        20
  Rhubarb                  _Rheum_                                 51
  Rice                     _Oryza_                                 23
  Ricegrass                _Oryzopsis_                             23
  Ricegrass, Mandan        X _Striporyzopsis caduca_               26
  Ringwing                 _Cycloloma_                             40
  Rockcress                _Arabis_                                36
  Rocket                   _Hesperis_                              44
  Rocketsalad              _Eruca_                                 42
  Rockjasmine              _Androsace_                             35
  Rose                     _Rosa_                                  58
  Rosegentian              _Sabatia_                               52
  Rosemallow               _Hibiscus_                              44
  Rosinweed                _Silphium_                              53
  Rotala                   _Rotala_                                51
  Ruellia                  _Ruellia_                               51
  Rush                     _Juncus_                                28
  Rushpea                  _Hoffmanseggia_                         32
  Russianolive             _Elaeagnus_                             56
  Russianthistle           _Salsola_                               52
  Rutabaga                 _Brassica rapa_                         38
  Rye                      _Secale_                                25
  Ryegrass                 _Lolium_                                22
  Sacaton                  _Sporobolus_                        25, 26
  Safflower                _Carthamus_                             38
  Sage                     _Salvia_                                52
  Sagebrush                _Artemisia_                         36, 55
  Sagewort                 _Artemisia_                             36
  Sainfoin                 _Onobrychis_                            33
  Salsify                  _Tragopogon_                            54
  Saltbush                 _Atriplex_                          37, 55
  Saltgrass                _Distichlis_                            21
  Samolus                  _Samolus_                               52
  Sandbur                  _Cenchrus_                              20
  Sandgrass                _Triplasis_                             26
  Sandreed                 _Calamovilfa_                           20
  Sandverbena              _Abronia_                               35
  Sandwort                 _Arenaria_                              36
  Sanicle                  _Sanicula_                              52
  Sassafras                _Sassafras_                             59
  Scouringrush             _Equisetum_                             28
  Scurfpea                 _Psoralea_                              33
  Seablite                 _Suaeda_                                54
  Sedge                    _Carex_                                 27
  Seedbox                  _Ludwigia_                              47
  Seepweed                 _Suaeda_                                54
  Selenia                  _Selenia_                               52
  Selfheal                 _Prunella_                              51
  Senna                    _Cassia_                                31
  Sensitivebriar           _Schrankia_                             34
  Sensitivefern            _Onoclea_                               28
  Serradella               _Ornithopus_                            33
  Serviceberry             _Amelanchier_                           55
  Sesame                   _Sesamum_                               52
  Sesbania                 _Sesbania_                              34
  Shepherdspurse           _Capsella_                              38
  Shootingstar             _Dodecatheon_                           41
  Sicklepod                _Arabis canadensis_                     36
  Sida                     _Sida_                                  52
  Silene                   _Silene_                                52
  Silvergrass              _Miscanthus_                            22
  Sisymbrium               _Sisymbrium_                            53
  Skeletongrass            _Gymnopogon_                            22
  Skeletonplant            _Lygodesmia_                            47
  Skullcap                 _Scutellaria_                           52
  Sleepygrass              _Stipa robusta_                         26
  Sloughgrass              _Beckmannia_                            19
  Smartweed                _Polygonum_                             50
  Smilograss               _Oryzopsis miliacea_                    23
  Smutgrass, rattail       _Sporobolus poiretii_                   26
  Snailseed                _Cocculus_                              39
  Snakecotton              _Froelichia_                            43
  Snakeroot, white         _Eupatorium rugosum_                    42
  Snakeweed                _Gutierrezia_                       43, 57
  Snapweed                 _Impatiens_                             45
  Sneezeweed               _Helenium_                              44
  Snowberry                _Symphoricarpos_                        59
  Snow-on-the-mountain     _Euphorbia marginata_                   42
  Soapberry                _Sapindus_                              59
  Soapweed                 _Yucca_                             30, 59
  Soapwort                 _Saponaria_                             52
  Solomonplume             _Smilacina_                             30
  Solomonseal              _Polygonatum_                           29
  Sophora                  _Sophora_                               34
  Sorghum                  _Sorghum_                               25
  Sorrel                   _Rumex_                                 51
  Sowthistle               _Sonohus_                               53
  Soybean                  _Glycine_                               31
  Spanishneedles           _Bidens bipinnata_                      37
  Speedwell                _Veronica_                              55
  Spermolepis              _Spermolepis_                           53
  Spiderflower             _Cleome_                                39
  Spiderwort               _Tradescantia_                          30
  Spikesedge               _Eleocharis_                            27
  Spleenwort               _Aspleninum_                            28
  Sprangletop              _Leptochloa_                            22
  Springbeauty             _Claytonia_                             39
  Spurge                   _Euphorbia_                             42
  Squirreltail             _Sitanion_                              25
  St. augustinegrass       _Stenotaphrum_                          26
  St. johnswort            _Hypericum_                             45
  Stargrass                _Cynodon plectostachyum_                20
  Stenosiphon              _Stenosiphon_                           54
  Stickseed                _Hackelia_; _Lappula_               44, 46
  Stillingia               _Stillingia_                            54
  Stinkgrass               _Eragrostis cilianensis_                21
  Stonecrop                _Sedum_                                 52
  Strawberry               _Fragaria_                              42
  Sudangrass               _Sorghum bicolor_ var. _sudanense_      25
  Sugarcane                _Saccharum_                             25
  Sulla                    _Hedysarum_                             32
  Sumac                    _Rhus_                                  58
  Sumpweed                 _Iva_                                   45
  Sunflower                _Helianthus_                            44
  Sunrose                  _Helianthemum_                          44
  Sweetclover              _Melilotus_                             33
  Sweetflag                _Acorus_                                29
  Sweetpea                 _Lathyrus odoratus_                     32
  Sweetpotato              _Ipomoea batatas_                       45
  Sweetroot                _Osmorhiza_                             49
  Switchgrass              _Panicum virgatum_                      24
  Sycamore                 _Platanus_                              57
  Taenidia                 _Taenidia_                              54
  Tamarisk                 _Tamarix_                               59
  Tangierpea               _Lathyrus tingitanus_                   32
  Tanglehead               _Heteropogon_                           22
  Tansy                    _Tanacetum_                             54
  Tansymustard             _Descurainia_                           41
  Teff                     _Eragrostis tef_                        21
  Teosinte                 _Euchlaena_                             21
  Tephrosia                _Tephrosia_                             34
  Thaspium                 _Thaspium_                              54
  Thatchgrass              _Hyparrhenia hirta_                     22
  Themeda                  _Themeda_                               26
  Thermopsis               _Thermopsis_                            34
  Thimbleberry, fragrant   _Rubus odoratus_                        58
  Thistle                  _Cirsium_                               39
  Threeawn                 _Aristida_                              19
  Tickclover               _Desmodium_                             31
  Tickseed                 _Corispermum_                           40
  Tidestromia              _Tidestromia_                           54
  Timothy                  _Phleum_                                24
  Toadflax                 _Linaria_                               46
  Tobacco                  _Nicotiana_                             48
  Tobosa                   _Hilaria mutica_                        22
  Tomato                   _Lycopersicum_                          47
  Toothwort                _Dentaria_                              41
  Torpedograss             _Panicum repens_                        23
  Tovara                   _Tovara_                                54
  Townsendia               _Townsendia_                            54
  Treeofheaven             _Ailanthus_                             55
  Trefoil                  _Lotus_                                 32
  Trichloris               _Trichloris_                            26
  Tridens                  _Tridens_                               26
  Trigonella               _Trigonella_                            34
  Trisetum                 _Trisetum_                              26
  Trumpetcreeper           _Campsis_                               56
  Tumblegrass              _Schedonnardus_                         25
  Tumblemustard            _Sisymbrium altissimum_                 53
  Tumbleweed               _Amaranthus graecizans_                 35
  Turnip                   _Brassica napus_                        38
  Uniola                   _Uniola_                                26
  Vaseygrass               _Paspalum urvillei_                     24
  Velvetbean               _Stizolobium_                           34
  Velvetgrass              _Holcus_                                22
  Velvetleaf               _Abutilon theophrasti_                  35
  Venuslookingglass        _Specularia_                            53
  Verbena                  _Verbena_                               54
  Vernalgrass              _Anthoxanthum_                          18
  Vetch                    _Vicia_                                 34
  Viburnum                 _Viburnum_                              59
  Vinemesquite             _Panicum obtusum_                       23
  Violet                   _Viola_                                 55
  Virginsbower             _Clematis virginiana_                   39
  Wahoo, eastern           _Euonymus atropurpureus_                56
  Walkingfern              _Camptosorus_                           28
  Walnut                   _Juglans_                               57
  Watercress               _Rorippa_                               51
  Waterhemlock             _Cicuta_                                39
  Waterhemp                _Acnida_                                35
  Waterhyssop, disk        _Bacopa rotundifolia_                   37
  Waterleaf                _Hydrophyllum_                          45
  Waterlily                _Nymphaea_                              48
  Waterplantain            _Alisma_                                29
  Waterprimrose            _Jussiaea_                              45
  Waterstarwort            _Callitriche_                           38
  Wedgescale               _Sphenopholis_                          25
  Westerndaisy             _Astranthium_                           37
  Wheat                    _Triticum_                              26
  Wheatgrass               _Agropyron_                             18
  Whitegrass               _Leersia virginica_                     22
  Widgeongrass             _Ruppia_                                30
  Wildbean                 _Strophostyles_                         34
  Wildginger               _Asarum_                                36
  Wildindigo               _Baptisia_                              31
  Wildrice                 _Zizania_; _Zizaniopsis_                26
  Wildrye                  _Elymus_                                21
  Willow                   _Salix_                                 58
  Willowweed               _Epilobium_                             41
  Windmillgrass            _Chloris verticillata_                  20
  Wingstem                 _Verbesina alternifolia_                55
  Wintercress              _Barbarea_                              37
  Winterfat                _Eurotia_                               56
  Wirelettuce              _Stephanomeria_                         54
  Wisteria                 _Wisteria_                          35, 59
  Witchgrass               _Leptoloma_; _Panicum_              22, 23
  Witchweed                _Striga lutea_                          54
  Wolffia                  _Wolffia_                               30
  Wolftail                 _Lycurus_                               22
  Woodfern                 _Dryopteris_                            28
  Woodnettle               _Laportea_                              46
  Woodreed                 _Cinna_                                 20
  Woodsia                  _Woodsia_                               28
  Yam                      _Dioscorea_                             29
  Yarrow                   _Achillea_                              35
  Yerbadetajo              _Eclipta alba_                          41
  Zinnia                   _Zinnia_                                55
  Zizia                    _Zizia_                                 55
  Zoysia                   _Zoysia_                                26




                               =GRASSES=


  _Aegilops cylindrica_ Host                  goatgrass
  _Agropyron_ Gaertn.                         wheatgrass
    _cristatum_[9] (L.) Gaertn.                 fairway w.
    _dasystachyum_ (Hook.) Scribn.              thickspike w.
    _desertorum_[9] (Fisch.) Schult.            crested w.
    _elongatum_[10] (Host) Beauv.               tall w.
    _inerme_ (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb.            beardless w.
    _intermedium_[11] (Host) Beauv.             intermediate w.
    _repens_ (L.) Beauv.                        quackgrass
    _riparium_ Scribn. & Smith                  streambank w.
    _semicostatum_ (Steud.) Nees ex Boiss.      drooping w.
    _sibiricum_ (Willd.) Beauv.                 Siberian w.
    _smithii_ Rydb.                             western w.
    _spicatum_ (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith          bluebunch w.
    _subsecundum_ (Link) Hitchc.                bearded w.
    _trachycaulum_ (Link) Malte                 slender w.
    _trichophorum_[11] (Link) Richt.            pubescent w.
  _Agrostis_ L.                               bentgrass
    _alba_ L.                                   redtop
    _canina_ L.                                 velvet b.
    _diegoensis_ Vasey                          thin b.
    _exarata_ Trin.                             spike b.
    _hiemalis_ (Walt.) B.S.P.                   winter b.
    _palustris_ Huds.                           creeping b.
    _tenuis_ Sibth.                             colonial b.
      var. _aristata_ (Parnell) Druce           awned c. b.
  _Aira caryophyllea_ L.                      silver hairgrass
  _Alopecurus_ L.                             foxtail
    _aequalis_ Sobol.                           shortawn f.
    _arundinaceus_ Poir.                        creeping f.
    _carolinianus_ Walt.                        Carolina f.
    _myosuroides_ Huds.                         mouse f.
    _pratensis_ L.                              meadow f.
  _Ammophila_ Host                            beachgrass
    _arenaria_ (L.) Link                        European b.
    _breviligulata_ Fernald                     American b.
  _Andropogon_ L.                             bluestem
    _barbinodis_ Lag.                           cane b.
    _elliotti_ Chapm.                           elliott b.
    _gerardi_ Vitman                            big b.
    _glomeratus_ (Walt.) B.S.P.                 bushy b.
    _hallii_ Hack.                              sand b.
    _intermedius_ R. Brown[12]                  caucasian b.
    _ischaemum_ L.[13]                          Turkestan b.
    _nodosus_ (Willem.) Nash                    angleton b.
    _perforatus_ Trin. ex Fourn.                pinhole b.
    _saccharoides_ Swartz                       silver b.
    _scoparius_ Michx.                          little b.
    _tener_ (Nees) Kunth                        slender b.
    _ternarius_ Michx.                          splitbeard b.
    _virginicus_ L.                             broomsedge
  _Anthoxanthum odoratum_ L.                  sweet vernalgrass
  _Aristida_ L.                               threeawn
    _adscensionis_ L.                           sixweeks t.
    _arizonica_ Vasey                           Arizona t.
    _basiramea_ Engelm. ex Vasey                forktip t.
    _curtissii_ (A. Gray) Nash                  curtiss t.
    _desmantha_ Trin. & Rupr.                   curly t.
    _dichotoma_ Michx.                          churchmouse t.
    _divaricata_ Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.       poverty t.
    _fendleriana_ Steud.                        fendler t.
    _intermedia_ Scribn. & Ball                 kearney t.
    _longespica_ Poir.                          slimspike t.
    _longiseta_ Steud.                          red t.
    _oligantha_ Michx.                          prairie t.
    _orcuttiana_ Vasey                          single t.
    _purpurascens_ Poir.                        arrowfeather t.
    _purpurea_ Nutt.                            purple t.
    _ramosissima_ Engelm. ex A. Gray            s-curve t.
    _wrightii_ Nash                             wright t.
  _Arrhenatherum_ Beauv.                      oatgrass
    _elatius_ (L.) Presl                        tall o.
      var. _bulbosum_ (Willd.) Spenner          tuber o.
  _Arundinaria_ Michx.                        cane
    _gigantea_ (Walt) Muhl.                     giant c.
    _tecta_ (Walt) Muhl.                        switch c.
  _Arundo donax_ L.                           giantreed
  _Astrebla pectinata_ F.v.M.[14]             mitchellgrass
  _Avena_ L.                                  oat
    _barbata_ Brot.                             slender o.
    _byzantina_ C. Koch                         red o.
    _fatua_ L.                                  wild o.
    _nuda_ L.                                   naked o.
    _sativa_ L.                                 common o.
  _Axonopus affinis_ Chase                    carpetgrass
  _Beckmannia syzigachne_ (Steud.) Fernald    American sloughgrass
  _Blepharoneuron tricholepis_ (Torr.) Nash   pinedropseed
  _Bouteloua_ Lag.                            grama
    _barbata_ Lag.                              sixweeks g.
    _chondrosioides_ (H.B.K.) Benth.
       ex S. Wats.                              sprucetop g.
    _curtipendula_ (Michx.) Torr.               sideoats g.
    _eriopoda_ (Torr.) Torr.                    black g.
    _filiformis_ (Fourn.) Griffiths             slender g.
    _gracilis_ (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.          blue g.
    _hirsuta_ Lag.                              hairy g.
    _rothrockii_ Vasey                          rothrock g.
  _Briza_ L.                                  quakinggrass
    _maxima_ L.                                 big q.
    _media_ L.                                  perennial q.
    _minor_ L.                                  little q.
  _Bromus_ L.                                 brome
    _arenarius_ Labill.                         Australian b.
    _arvensis_ L.                               field b.
    _brizaeformis_ Fisch. & Mey.                rattle b.
    _carinatus_[15] Hook. & Arn.                mountain b.
    _catharticus_ Vahl.                         rescue b.
    _ciliatus_[16] L.                           fringed b.
    _commutatus_ Schrad.                        hairy b.
    _erectus_ Huds.                             meadow b.
    _frondosus_ (Shear) Woot. & Standl.         weeping b.
    _inermis_ Leyss.                            smooth b.[17]
    _japonicus_ Thunb.                          Japanese b.
    _madritensis_ L.                            Spanish b.
    _mollis_ L.                                 soft b.
    _purgans_ L.                                Canada b.
    _racemosus_ L.                              bald b.
    _rigidus_ Roth                              ripgut b.
    _rubens_ L.                                 red b.
    _secalinus_ L.                              cheat
    _stamineus_[18] E. Desv.                    harlan b.
    _sterilis_ L.                               poverty b.
    _tectorum_ L.                               downy b.
    _tomentellus_[18] Boiss.                    Russian b.
    _vulgaris_ (Hook.) Shear                    Columbia b.
  _Buchloë dactyloides_ (Nutt.) Engelm.       buffalograss
  _Calamagrostis_ Adans.                      reedgrass
    _canadensis_ (Michx.) Beauv.                bluejoint r.
    _epigeios_ (L.) Roth                        chee r.
    _inexpansa_ A. Gray                         northern r.
    _rubescens_ Buckl.                          pinegrass
  _Calamovilfa_ Hack.                         sandreed
    _gigantea_ (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr.          big s.
    _longifolia_ (Hook.) Scribn.                prairie s.
  _Cenchrus_ L.                               sandbur
    _myosuroides_ H.B.K.                        big s.
    _pauciflorus_ Benth.                        sandbur
    _setigerus_[19] Vahl                        birdwoodgrass
  _Chloris_ Swartz                            chloris; windmillgrass[20]
    _distichophylla_ Lag.                       weeping c.
    _gayana_ Kunth                              rhodesgrass
    _verticillata_ Nutt.                        windmillgrass
    _virgata_ Swartz                            showy c.
  _Cinna arundinacea_ L.                      stout woodreed
  _Coix lacryma-jobi_ L.                      jobstears
  _Cortaderia selloana_ (Schult.)
        Aschers. & Graebn.                    pampasgrass
  _Cynodon_ L. Rich.                          bermudagrass
    _dactylon_ (L.) Pers.                       bermudagrass
    _plectostachyum_[19] (Schum.) Pilger        stargrass
    _transvaalensis_ Burtt-Davy                 African b.
  _Cynosurus cristatus_ L.                    crested dogtail
  _Dactylis glomerata_ L.                     orchardgrass
  _Danthonia_ Lam. & DC.                      danthonia
    _californica_ Boland.                       California d.
    _intermedia_ Vasey                          timber d.
    _pilosa_ R. Br.                             hairy d.
    _spicata_ (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.    poverty d.
  _Deschampsia caespitosa_ (L.) Beauv.        tufted hairgrass
  _Diarrhena americana_ Beauv.                American beakgrain
  _Digitaria_ Heister                         crabgrass; fingergrass[21]
    _decumbens_ Stent                           pangolagrass
    _filiformis_ (L.) Koel.                     slender f.
    _ischaemum_ (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.      smooth c.
    _sanguinalis_ (L.) Scop.                    crabgrass
  _Distichlis_ Raf.                           saltgrass
    _spicata_ (L.) Greene                       seashore s.
    _stricta_ (Torr.) Rydb.                     inland s.
  _Echinochloa_ Beauv.                        cockspur
    _crusgalli_ (L.) Beauv.                     barnyardgrass
      var. _frumentacea_ (Roxb.) W. F. Wight    japanesemillet
  _Eleusine indica_ (L.) Gaertn.              goosegrass
  _Elymus_ L.                                 wildrye
    _arenanius_ L.                              European dune w.
    _canadensis_ L.                             Canada w.
    _caput-medusae_ L.                          medusahead w.
    _chinensis_ (Trin.) Keng
         [_A. pseudo-agropyron_
         (Griseb.) Franch.][22]                 Chinese w.
    _cinereus_ Scribn. & Merr.                  basin w.
    _condensatus_ Presl                         giant w.
    _giganteus_ Vahl                            mammoth w.
    _glaucus_ Buckl.                            blue w.
    _junceus_[22] Fish.                         Russian w.
    _macounii_ Vasey                            macoun w.
    _triticoides_ Buckl.                        beardless w.
    _villosus_ Muhl.                            hairy w.
    _virginicus_ L.                             Virginia w.
  _Eragrostis_ Beauv.                         lovegrass
    _barrelieri_ Daveau                         Mediterranean l.
    _capillaris_ (L.) Nees                      lacegrass
    _chloromelas_ Steud.                        boer l.
    _cilianensis_ (All.) Lutati                 stinkgrass
    _curtipedicellata_ Buckl.                   gummy l.
    _curvula_ (Schrad.) Nees                    weeping l.
    _frankii_ C. A. Meyer ex Steud.             sandbar l.
    _hypnoides_ (Lam.) B.S.P.                   teal l.
    _intermedia_ Hitchc.                        plains l.
    _lehmanniana_ Nees                          lehmann l.
    _oxylepis_ (Torr.) Torr.
         (not _E. secundiflora_ Presl as
          shown in older manuals)               red l.
    _pectinacea_ (Michx.) Nees                  Carolina l.
    _pilosa_ (L.) Beauv.                        India l.
    _poaeoides_ Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.       little l.
    _secundiflora_ Presl (see _E. oxylepis_)
    _sessilispica_ Buckl.                       tumble l.
    _spectabilis_ (Pursh) Steud.                purple l.
    _tef_ (Zuccagni) Trotter                    teff
    _trichodes_ (Nutt.) Wood                    sand l.
  _Eremochloa ophiuroides_ (Munro) Hack.      centipedegrass
  _Erianthus_ Michx.                          plumegrass
    _ravennae_ (L.) Beauv.                      ravennagrass
  _Eriochloa contracta_ Hitchc.               prairie cupgrass
  _Euchlaena mexicana_ Schrad.                teosinte
  _Festuca_ L.                                fescue
    _arizonica_ Vasey                           Arizona f.
    _arundinacea_ Schreb.                       tall f.
    _elatior_ L.                                meadow f.
    _idahoensis_ Elmer                          Idaho f.
    _megalura_ Nutt.                            foxtail f.
    _myuros_ L.                                 rattail f.
    _obtusa_ Bieler                             nodding f.
    _octoflora_ Walt.                           sixweeks f.
    _ovina_ L.                                  sheep f.
      var. _duriuscula_ (L.) Koch               hard f.
    _paradoxa_ Desv.                            cluster f.
    _rubra_ L.                                  red f.
      var. _commutata_ Gaud.                    chewings f.
    _scabrella_ Torr.                           rough f.
    _thurberi_ Vasey                            thurber f.
    _viridula_ Vasey                            green f.
  _Gastridium ventricosum_ (Gouan)
        Schinz & Thell.                       nitgrass
  _Glyceria striata_ (Lam.) Hitchc.           fowl mannagrass
  _Gymnopogon ambiguus_ (Michx.) B.S.P.       bearded skeletongrass
  _Heteropogon_ Pers.                         tanglehead
    _contortus_ (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.  tanglehead
    _melanocarpus_ (Ell.) Benth.                sweet t.
  _Hilaria_ H.B.K.                            hilaria
    _belangeri_ (Steud.) Nash                   curlymesquite
    _jamesii_ (Torr.) Benth.                    galleta
    _mutica_ (Buckl.) Benth.                    tobosa
    _rigida_ (Thurb.) Benth.                    big galleta
  _Holcus lanatus_ L.                         velvetgrass
  _Hordeum_ L.                                barley
    _brachyantherum_ Nevski                     northern-meadow b.
    _jubatum_ L.                                foxtail b.
      var. _caespitosum_ (Scribn.) Hitchc.      bobtail b.
    _nodosum_ L.[23]                             meadow b.
    _pusillum_ Nutt.                            little b.
    _vulgare_ L.                                barley
  _Hyparrhenia_ Anderss. ex Stapf             hyparrhenia
    _hirta_ (L.) Stapf                          thatchgrass
    _rufa_ (Nees) Stapf                         jaragua
  _Hystrix patula_ Moench                     bottlebrushgrass
  _Imperata cylindrica_ (L.) Beauv.           cogongrass
  _Koeleria cristata_ (L.) Pers.              prairie junegrass
  _Leersia_ Swartz                            cutgrass
    _lenticularis_ Michx.                       catchflygrass
    _oryzoides_ (L.) Swartz                     rice c.
    _virginica_ Willd.                          whitegrass
  _Leptochloa_ Beauv.                         sprangletop
    _dubia_ (H.B.K.) Nees                       green s.
    _fascicularis_ (Lam.) A. Gray               bearded s.
    _filiformis_ (Lam.) Beauv.                  red s.
  _Leptoloma cognatum_ (Schult.) Chase        fall witchgrass
  _Lolium_ L.                                 ryegrass
    _multiflorum_ Lam.                          Italian r.
    _perenne_ L.                                perennial r.
    _temulentum_ L.                             darnel
  _Lycurus phleoides_ H.B.K.                  wolftail
  _Manisuris_ L.                              jointtail
    _cylindrica_ (Michx.) Kuntze                Carolina j.
    _tuberculosa_ Nash                          Florida j.
  _Melica_ L.                                 melic; oniongrass[24]
    _bulbosa_ Geyer ex Port. & Coult.           oniongrass
    _imperfecta_ Trin.                          coastrange m.
    _mutica_ Walt.                              twoflower m.
    _nitens_ (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper           threeflower m.
    _porteri_ Scribn.                           porter m.
  _Melinis minutiflora_ Beauv.                molassesgrass
  _Miscanthus sinensis_ Anderss.              Chinese silvergrass
  _Muhlenbergia_ Schreb.                      muhly
    _andina_ (Nutt.) Hitchc.                    foxtail m.
    _arenicola_ Buckl.                          sand m.
    _asperifolia_ (Nees & Mey.) Parodi          alkali m.
    _brachyphylla_ Bush                         nodding m.
    _capillaris_ (Lam.) Trin.                   hairawn m.
    _cuspidata_ (Torr.) Rydb.                   plains m.
    _filiformis_ (Thurb.) Rydb.                 pullup m.
    _foliosa_ (Roem. & Schult.) Trin.[25]       leafy m.
    _frondosa_ (Poir.) Fernald                  wirestem m.
         var. _mexicana_ (L.) Trin. forma
         _commutata_ (Scribn.) Fernald
         (based on _M. mexicana_ subsp.
         _commutata_ Scribn.)                   bearded w. m.
    _montana_ (Nutt.) Hitchc.                   mountain m.
    _porteri_ Scribn.                           porter m.
    _pungens_ Thurb.                            sandhill m.
    _racemosa_ (Michx.) B.S.P.                  green m.
    _schreberi_ Gmel.                           nimblewill
    _sobolifera_ (Muhl.) Trin.                  rock m.
    _squarrosa_ (Trin.) Rydb.[26]                mat m.
    _sylvatica_ (Torr.) Torr.                   forest m.
    _torreyi_ (Kunth) Hitchc. ex Bush           ring m.
    _wrightii_ Vasey                            spike m.
  _Munroa squarrosa_ (Nutt.) Torr.            falsebuffalograss
  _Nardus stricta_ L.                         matgrass
  _Orcuttia_ Vasey                            orcuttia
  _Oryza sativa_ L.                           rice
  _Oryzopsis_ Michx.                          ricegrass
    _hymenoides_ (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker       Indian r.
    _miliacea_ (L.) Benth. & Hook. ex
          Aschers. & Schweinf.                  smilograss
  _Panicum_ L.                                panicum; witchgrass
    _agrostoides_ Spreng.                       redtop p.
    _anceps_ Michx.                             beaked p.
    _antidotale_ Retz.                          blue p.
    _bulbosum_ H.B.K.                           bulb p.
    _capillare_ L.                              common w.
      var. _occidentale_ Rydb.                  cushion w.
    _depauperatum_ Muhl.                        stunted p.
    _dichotomiflorum_ Michx.                    fall p.
    _gatttingeri_ Nash                          gattinger w.
    _hillmani_ Chase                            hillman p.
    _huachucae_ Ashe                            huachuca p.
    _latifolium_ L.                             wideleaf p.
    _leibergii_ (Vasey) Scribn.                 leiberg p.
    _lindheimeri_ Nash                          lindheimer p.
    _linearifolium_ Scribn.                     slimleaf p.
    _malacophyllum_ Nash                        softleaf p.
    _maximum_ Jacq.                             guineagrass
    _miliaceum_ L.                              proso
    _obtusum_ H.B.K.                            vinemesquite
    _perlongum_ Nash                            elongate p.
    _praecocius_ Hitchc. & Chase                early p.
    _purpurascens_ Raddi                        paragrass
    _ramosum_ L.                                browntopmillet
    _repens_ L.                                 torpedograss
    _scoparium_ Lam.                            velvet p.
    _scribnerianum_ Nash                        scribner p.
    _sphaerocarpon_ Ell.                        roundseed p.
    _tennesseense_ Ashe                         Tennessee p.
    _texanum_ Buckl.                            Texas p.
    _villosissimum_ Nash                        hairy p.
    _virgatum_ L.                               switchgrass
    _werneri_ Scribn.                           werner p.
    _wilcoxianum_ Vasey                         wilcox p.
  _Pappophorum mucronulatum_ Nees             pappusgrass
  _Paspalum_ L.                               paspalum
    _ciliatifolium_ Michx.                      fringeleaf p.
    _circulare_ Nash                            roundseed p.
    _dilatatum_ Poir.                           dallisgrass
    _distichum_ L.                              knotgrass
    _floridanum_ Michx.                         Florida p.
      var. _glabratum_ Engelm. ex Vasey         smooth F. p.
    _fluitans_ (Ell.) Kunth                     horsetail p.
    _laeve_ Michx.                              field p.
    _lividum_ Trin.                             longtom
    _malacophyllum_ Trin.                       ribbed p.
    _notatum_ Flügge                            bahiagrass
    _plicatulum_ Michx.                         brownseed p.
    _pubiflorum_ Rupr. ex Fourn.                hairyseed p.
    _repens_ Bergius[27]                        horsetail p.
    _stramineum_ Nash                           sand p.
    _urvillei_ Steud.                           vaseygrass
  _Pennisetum_ L. Rich.                       pennisetum
    _alopecuroides_ (L.) Spreng.                Chinese p.
    _ciliare_ (L.) Link                         buffelgrass
    _clandestinum_ Hochst. ex Chiov.            kikuyugrass
    _glaucum_[28] (L.) R. Br.                   pearlmillet
    _purpureum_ Schumach                        napiergrass
    _ruppelii_ Steud.[29]                       fountaingrass
    _villosum_ R. Br.                           feathertop
  _Phalaris_ L.                               canarygrass
    _arundinacea_ L.                            reed c.
    _canariensis_ L.                            canarygrass
    _caroliniana_ Walt.                         Carolina c.
    _minor_ Retz.                               littleseed c.
    _tuberosa_ L.                               bulb c.
      var. _stenoptera_ (Hack.) Hitchc.         hardinggrass
  _Phleum_ L.                                 timothy
    _alpinum_ L.                                alpine t.
    _pratense_ L.                               timothy
  _Phragmites communis_ Trin.                 common reed
  _Poa_ L.                                    bluegrass
    _ampla_ Merr.                               big b.
    _annua_ L.                                  annual b.
    _arachnifera_ Torr.                         Texas b.
    _arida_ Vasey                               plains b.
    _bulbosa_ L.                                bulbous b.
    _canbyi_ (Scribn.) Piper                    canby b.
    _chapmaniana_ Scribn.                       chapman b.
    _compressa_ L.                              Canada b.
    _fendleriana_ (Steud.) Vasey                mutton b.
    _nevadensis_ Vasey ex Scribn.               Nevada b.
    _pratensis_ L.                              Kentucky b.
    _scabrella_ (Thurb.) Benth. ex Vasey        pine b.
    _secunda_ Presl                             rough b.
    _sylvestris_ A. Gray                        woodland b.
    _trivialis_ L.                              roughstalk b.
  _Polypogon monspeliensis_ (L.) Desf.        rabbitfoot polypogon
  _Puccinellia airoides_ (Nutt.)
       Wats. & Coult.                         nuttall alkaligrass
  _Redfieldia flexuosa_ (Thurb) Vasey         blowoutgrass
  _Rhynchelytrum roseum_[30] (Nees) Stapf
       and Hubb. ex Bews                      natalgrass
  _Saccharum officinarum_ L.                  sugarcane
  _Schedonnardus paniculatus_ (Nutt.) Trel.   tumblegrass
  _Scleropogon brevifolius_ Phil.             burrograss
  _Secale_ L.                                 rye
    _cereale_ L.                                rye
    _montanum_ Guss.                            mountain r.
  _Setaria_ Beauv.                            bristlegrass; millet[31]
    _faberii_ Herrm.                            giant b.[32]
    _geniculata_ (Lam.) Beauv.                  knotroot b.
    _italica_ (L.) Beauv.                       foxtail m.
    _lutescens_ (Weigel) Hubb.[33]              yellow b.[32]
    _macrostachya_ H.B.K.                       plains b.
    _verticillata_ (L.) Beauv.                  hooked b.
    _viridis_ (L.) Beauv.                       green b.[32]
  _Sitanion hystrix_ (Nutt.) J. G. Smith      bottlebrush squirreltail
  _Sorghastrum nutans_ (L.) Nash              indiangrass
  _Sorghum_ Moench[34]                        sorghum
    _halepense_ ( L.) Pers.                     johnsongrass
      var. _almum_ Parodi[35]                   sorghum almum
    _bicolor_ (L.) Moench.                      sorghum
      var. _drummondii_ (Nees) Hack. ex Chiov.  chickencorn
      var. _sudanense_ Hitchc.                  sudangrass
      var. _technicum_ (Koern.) Jav.            broomcorn
  _Spartina_ Schreb.                          cordgrass
    _alterniflora_ Loisel.                      smooth c.
    _cynosuroides_ (L.) Roth                    big c.
    _gracilis_ Trin.                            alkali c.
    _patens_ (Ait.) Muhl.                       marshhay c.
    _pectinata_ Link                            prairie c.
  _Sphenopholis_ Scribn.                      wedgescale
    _intermedia_ (Rydb.) Rydb.                  slender w.
    _obtusata_ (Michx.) Scribn.                 prairie w.
  _Sporobolus_ R. Br.                         dropseed; sacaton
    _airoides_ (Torr.) Torr.                    alkali s.
    _asper_ (Michx.) Kunth                      tall d.
      var. _hookeri_ (Trin.) Vasey              meadow t.d.
      var. _pilosus_ (Vasey) Hitchc.            hairy t.d.
    _clandestinus_ (Bieler) Hitchc.             hidden d.
    _cryptandrus_ (Torr.) A. Gray               sand d.
    _flexuosus_ (Thurb.) Rydb.                  mesa d.
    _giganteus_ Nash                            giant d.
    _heterolepis_ (A. Gray) A. Gray             prairie d.
    _interruptus_ Vasey                         black d.
    _neglectus_ Nash                            puffsheath d.
  _poiretii_ (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc.          rattail smutgrass
    _pyramidatus_ (Lam.) Hitchc.                whorled d.
    _texanus_ Vasey                             Texas d.
    _vaginiflorus_ (Torr.) Wood                 poverty d.
    _wrightii_ Munro ex Scribn.                 sacaton
  _Stenotaphrum secundatum_ (Walt.) Kuntze    St. augustinegrass
  _Stipa_ L.                                  needlegrass
    _cernua_ Stebbins & Love                    nodding n.
    _columbiana_ Macoun                         subalpine n.
    _comata_ Trin. & Rupr.                      needleandthread
    _leucotricha_ Trin. & Rupr.                 Texas n.
    _neomexicana_ (Thurb.) Scribn.              New Mexico feathergrass
    _occidentalis_ Thurb.                       western n.
    _pulchra_ Hitchc.                           purple n.
    _robusta_ (Vasey) Scribn.                   sleepygrass
    _spartea_ Trin.                             porcupinegrass
    _viridula_ Trin.                            green n.
  X _Stiporyzopsis caduca_ (Beal) B. L.
        Johnson & Rogler (_Oryzopsis
        hymenoides_ X _Stipa viridula_)       Mandan ricegrass
  _Themeda triandra_ Forsk.                   themeda
  _Tragus_ Hall.                              burgrass
  _Trichachne_ Nees                           cottontop
    _californica_ (Benth.) Chase                Arizona c.
    _patens_ Swallen                            Texas c.
  _Trichloris_ Fourn.                         trichloris
    _mendocina_ (Phil.) Kurtz[36]               twoflower t.
    _pluriflora_ Fourn.                         fourflower t.
  _Tridens_ Roem. & Schult.                   tridens
    _albescens_ (Vasey) Woot. & Standl.         white t.
    _elongatus_ (Buckl.) Nash                   rough t.
    _flavus_ (L.) Hitchc.                       purpletop
    _muticus_ (Torr.) Nash                      slim t.
    _pilosus_ (Buckl.) Hitchc.                  hairy t.
    _pulchellus_ (H.B.K.) Hitchc.               fluffgrass
    _strictus_ (Nutt.) Nash                     longspike t.
  _Triplasis purpurea_ (Walt.) Chapm.         purple sandgrass
  _Tripsacum dactyloides_ (L.) L.             eastern gamagrass
  _Trisetum_ Pers.                            trisetum
    _flavescens_ (L.) Beauv.                    yellow t.
    _spicatum_ (L.) Richt.                      spike t.
  _Triticum_ L.                               wheat
    _aestivum_ L.                               common w.
    _dicoccum_ Schrank                          emmer
    _durum_ Desf.                               durum w.
    _monococcum_ L.                             einkorn
    _turgidum_ L.                               poulard w.
  _Uniola_ L.                                 uniola
    _latifolia_ Michx.                          broadleaf u.
    _sessiliflora_ Poir.                        longleaf u.
  _Zea mays_ L.                               corn
  _Zizania aquatica_ L.                       wildrice
  _Zizaniopsis miliacea_ (Michx.)
        Doell & Aschers.                      southern wildrice
  _Zoysia_ Willd.                             zoysia
    _japonica_ Steud.                           Japanese lawngrass
    _matrella_ (L.) Merr.[37]                   manillagrass
    _tenuifolia_ Willd. ex. Trin.               mascarenegrass


     FOOTNOTES:

     [9] _Agropyron cristatum_ and _A. desertorum_ are part of
          a complex that includes several other species.

     [10] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

     [11] A complex.

     [12] _Bothriochloa intermedia_ (R. Brown) A. Camus (a
          complex) of Harlan & Celerier, Okla. Tech. Bul. T-72.

     [13] _Bothriochloa ischaemum_ (L.) Keng. var. _ischaemum_
          of Harlan & Celerier, Okla. Tech. Bul. T-72.

     [14] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

     [15] A complex, including _B. californicus_ Nutt. ex
          Buckl., _B. marginatus_ Nees, _B. maritimus_ (Piper)
          Hitchc., and _B. polyanthus_ Scribn.

     [16] Includes _B. richardsoni_ Link.

     [17] In written material in which _B. inermis_ is the only
          _Bromus_ species discussed, its common name may be
          shortened to brome.

     [18] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

     [19] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

     [20] Spp. with stiff spreading spikes are called
          windmillgrass.

     [21] The name “fingergrass” applied to erect spp.

     [22] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

     [23] The name _H. nodosum_ has generally been misapplied to
          _H. brachyantherum_ in this country.

     [24] The name “oniongrass” applied to those spp. with
          bulblike stem bases.

     [25] _M. foliosa_ is a name formerly applied to _M.
          mexicana_. _M. mexicana_ was then misapplied to the
          recently recognized _M. frondosa_ (Poir.) Fernald,
          which it resembles.

     [26] Considered to be a form of _M. richardsonis_ (Trin.)
          Rydb., see 1951 ed. of Hitchcock’s manual, p. 382.

     [27] Listed as _P. fluitans_ (Ell.) Kunth on p. 602 of
          Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

     [28] Listed as _P. typhoides_, Stapf and Hubbard, page 74
          USDA Handbook 170, “Grass varieties in the U.S.,”
          June, 1965.

     [29] Older name, now listed as _P. setaceum_, p. 729 in
          Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

     [30] Included in _Tricholaena_ in some manuals.

     [31] In some areas certain _Setaria_ spp. have been called
          foxtail, but to avoid confusion, that common name
          should be reserved to the genus _Alopecurus_.

     [32] These three species are sometimes called foxtail.

     [33] Listed as _S. glauca_ (L.) Beauv. in Gray’s Manual,
          8th Ed. p. 226, and on p. 235, Vol. I, of the New
          Britton & Brown, 1952.

     [34] Listed as _Sorgum_ Adans. in Gray’s Manual, 8th Ed.
          p. 234, and on p. 244 in Vol. I of the New Britton &
          Brown, 1952.

     [35] _Sorghum almum_ is not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951
          manual. Parodi, in his 1943 paper, concluded that
          it must have originated as a hybrid between _S.
          halepense_ and some other sorghum.

     [36] Listed on p. 530 of Hitchcock’s 1951 manual as _T.
          crinita_ (Lag.) Parodi.

     [37] _Z. pungens_ Willd. in some manuals.




                  =SEDGES, RUSHES, AND RELATED GENERA=

  _Bulbostylis capillaris_ (L.) C. B. Clarke  hairsedge bulbstyle
  _Carex_ L.                                  sedge
    _aggregata_ Mackenz.                        glomerate s.
    _amphibola_ Steud. var. _turgida_ Fern.     narrowleaf s.
    _annectens_ Bickn.                          yellowfruit s.
    _austrina_ (Small) Mackenz.                 southern s.
    _bicknellii_ Britt.                         bicknell s.
    _blanda_ Dew.                               woodland s.
    _brevior_ (Dew.) Mackenz.                   straw s.
    _bushii_ Mackenz.                           bush s.
    _cephalophora_ Muhl.                        woodbank s.
    _davisii_ Schwein. & Torr.                  davis s.
    _emoryi_ Dew.                               emory s.
    _frankii_ Kunth                             frank s.
    _granularis_ Muhl.                          meadow s.
    _gravida_ Bailey                            heavy s.
    _hyalinolepis_ Steud.                       thin scale s.
    _hystricina_ Muhl.                          bottlebrush s.
    _laeviconica_ Dew.                          smoothcone s.
    _lanuginosa_ Michx.                         woolly s.
    _leavenworthii_ Dew.                        leavenworth s.
    _lupulina_ Muhl.                            hop s.
    _meadii_ Dew.                               mead s.
    _microdonta_ Torr. & Hook.                  littletooth s.
    _pensylvanica_ Lam. var. _digyna_ Boeckl.
           (_C. heliophila_ Mackenz.)           pennsylvania s.
    _praegracilis_ W. Boott                     clusteredfield s.
    _scoparia_ Schkuhr                          broom s.
    _stipata_ Muhl.                             sawbeak s.
    _vulpinoidea_ Michx.                        fox s.
  _Cyperus_ L.                                flatsedge; nutgrass
    _acuminatus_ Torr. & Hook.                  tapeleaf f.
    _diandrus_ Torr.                            low f.
    _erythrorhizos_ Muhl.                       redroot f.
    _esculentus_ L.                             yellow n.
    _ferruginescens_ Boeckl.                    slender f.
    _filiculmis_ Vahl                           fern f.
    _houghtonii_ Torr.                          Houghton f.
    _inflexus_ Muhl.                            awned f.
    _ovularis_ (Michx.) Torr.                   globe f.
    _rivularis_ Kunth                           brook f.
    _schweinitzii_ Torr.                        schweinitz f.
    _strigosus_ L.                              false n.
    _virens_ Michx.
          (C. _pseudovegetus_ Steud.)           green f.
  _Eleocharis_ R. Br.                         spikesedge
    _acicularis_ (L.) R. & S.                   needle s.
    _compressa_ Sulliv.                         flatstem s.
    _engelmanni_ Steud.                         engelmann s.
    _macrostachya_ Britt.                       longstem s.
    _obtusa_ (Willd.) Schultes                  blunt s.
    _wolfii_ Gray                               wolf s.
  _Fimbristylis_ Vahl                         fimbristylis
    _autumnalis_ (L.) R. & S. var.
      _mucronulata_ (Michx.) Fern.
    _caroliniana_ (Lam.) Fern. [_F. puberula_
      (Michx.) Vahl; _F. castanea_ (Michx.)
      Vahl var. _puberula_ (Michx.) Britt.;
      _F. interior_ Britt.]                   inland f.
  _Fuirena simplex_ Vahl                      fuirena
  _Hemicarpha_ Nees                           hemicarpha
    _drummondi_ Nees                          drummond h.
    _micrantha_ (Vahl) Pax                    common h.
  _Juncus_ L.                                 rush
    _balticus_ Willd.                           baltic r.
    _biflorus_ Ell. (_J. aristulatus_ of
          Gray’s 7th ed., not Michx.)           twoflower r.
    _diffusissimus_ Buckl.                      slimpod r.
    _dudleyi_ Wieg.                             dudley r.
    _interior_ Wieg.                            inland r.
    _kansanus_ F. J. Herm.                      Kansas r.
    _marginatus_ Rostk.                         grassleaf r.
    _nodatus_ Coville                           stout r.
    _tenuis_ Willd. (_J. macer_ S. F. Gray)     soft r.
    _torreyi_ Coville                           torrey r.
  _Killinga_ (see _Cyperus_)
  _Scirpus_ L.                                bulrush
    _americanus_ Pers.                          American b.
    _atrovirens_ Willd.                         green b.
    _fluviatilis_ (Torr.) Gray                  river b.
    _hallii_ Gray                               hall b.
    _lineatus_ Michx.                           rusty b.
    _pallidus_ (Britt.) Fern.                   pale b.
    _paludosus_ Nels.                           alkali b.
    _validus_ Vahl                              softstem b.
  _Seleria_ Bergius                           razorsedge
    _pauciflora_ Muhl.                          fewflower r.
    _triglomerata_ Michx.                       whip r.




                       =FERNS AND RELATED GENERA=

  _Adiantum pedatum_ L.                       American maidenhairfern
  _Asplenium_ L.                              spleenwort
    _platyneuron_ (L.) Oakes                    ebony s.
    _resiliens_ Kunze                           blackstem s.
  _Botrychium virginianum_ (L.) Sw.           rattlesnakefern
  _Camptosorus rhizophyllus_ (L.) Link        walkingfern
  _Cheilanthes feei_ Moore                    fee lipfern
  _Cystopteris fragilis_ (L.) Bernh.          brittle bladderfern
  _Dryopteris_ Adans.                         woodfern
    _thelypteris_ (L.) Gray                     marshfern
  _Equisetum_ L.                              horsetail; scouringrush
    _arvense_ L.                                field h.
    _hyemale_ L. (including _E. prelatum_ Raf.) scouringrush
    _laevigatum_ A. Br. (including _E.
          kansanum_ Schaffn.)                   smooth h.
  _Isoëtes butleri_ Engelm.                   quillwort
  _Marsilea mucronata_ A. Br. (_M. vestita_ of
      Gray’s 7th ed., not Hook. & Grev.)      pepperwort
  _Notholaena dealbata_ (Pursh) Kunze         cloakfern
  _Onoclea sensibilis_ L.                     sensitivefern
  _Ophioglossum vulgatum_ L.                  adderstongue
  _Pellaea atropurpurea_ (L.) Link            purple cliffbrake
  _Polystichum_ Roth                          hollyfern
    _acrostichoides_ (Michx.) Schott            christmasfern
  _Pteridium_ Gleditsch                       bracken
    _aquilinum_ (L.) Kuhn
      var. _pubescens_ Underw.                  western b.
      var. _latiusculum_ (Desv.) Underw.        eastern b.
  _Woodsia obtusa_ (Spreng.) Torr.            common woodsia




                            =OTHER MONOCOTS=

  _Acorus calamus_ L.                         drug sweetflag
  _Alisma subcordatum_ Raf.                   subcordate waterplantain
  _Allium_ L.                                 onion; garlic
    various native spp.                         wild o.; wild g.
  _Anacharis_ (see _Elodea_)
  _Androstephium coerculeum_
        (Scheele) Greene                      blue funnellily
  _Arisaema_ Mart.                            jackinthepulpit
    _dracontium_ (L.) Schott                    dragonroot j.
    _triphyllum_ (L.) Schott                    indian j.
  _Asparagus officinalis_ L.                  asparagus
  _Belamcanda chinensis_ (L.) DC.             blackberrylily
  _Camassia scilloides_[38] (Raf.) Cory       Atlantic camas
  _Commelina_ L.                              dayflower
    _diffusa_ Burm. f. (_C. longicaulis_
          of manuals)                           creeping d.
    _erecta_ L. (including _C. virginica_
          of manuals, not L.)                   erect d.
  _Cooperia drummondii_ Herb.                 eveningstar rainlily
  _Cypripedium calceolus_ L. var. _parviflorum_
      (Salisb.) Fern. (_C. parviflorum_
       Salisb.)                               small yellow ladyslipper
  _Dioscorea villosa_ L.                      Atlantic yam
  _Echinodorus_ Richard                       burhead
    _cordifolius_ (L.) Griseb.
         [_E. radicans_ (Nutt.) Engelm.]
    _rostratus_ (Nutt.) Engelm.
         [_E. cordifolius_ of manuals, not
         (L.) Griseb.]
  _Elodea nuttallii_ (Planch.) St. John
         [_Anacharis occidentalis_ (Pursh)
         Vict.]                               elodea
  _Erythronium albidum_ Nutt.                 white fawnlily
  _Habenaria leucophaea_ (Nutt.) Gray         prairie fringeorchid
  _Heteranthera_ R. & P.                      mudplantain
    _dubia_ (Jacq.) MacM.                       grassleaf m.
    _limosa_ (Sw.) Willd.                       blue m.
    _reniformis_ R. & P.                        kidneyleaf m.
  _Hypoxis hirsuta_ (L.) Coville              goldstargrass
  _Iris_ L.                                   iris
    _brevicaulis_ Raf. (_I. foliosa_
      Mackenz. & Bush)                          lamance i.
    _versicolor_ L.                             blueflag i.
  _Lemna_ L.                                  duckweed
    _minima_ Philippi                           least d.
    _minor_ L.                                  common d.
    _perpusilla_ Torr.                          minute d.
  _Lilium michiganense_ Farw.                 Michigan lily
  _Lophotocarpus calycinus_ (Engelm.)
        J. G. Sm.                             lophotocarpus
  _Melanthium virginicum_ L.                  bunchflower
  _Najas quadalupensis_ (Spreng.) Magnus
      [_Naias g._ (Spreng.) Morong]           southern naiad
  _Nemastylis geminiflora_ Nutt.
      (_N. acuta_ Herb.)                      nemastylis
  _Nothoscordum bivalve_ (L.) Britt.          yellow falsegarlic
  _Polygonatum canaliculatum_ (Muhl.) Pursh   solomonseal
  _Potamogeton_ L.                            pondweed
    _diversifolius_ Raf.                        waterthread p.
    _foliosus_ Raf.                             leafy p.
    _illinoensis_ Morong (_P. lucens_ of
          manuals, not L.)                      Illinois p.
    _nodosus_ Poir. (_P. americanus_ C. & S.)   longleaf p.
    _obtusifolius_ Mert. & Koch                 bluntleaf p.
    _pectinatus_ L.                             fennelleaf p.
    _pusillus_ L.                               baby p.
  _Ruppia maritima_ L.                        widgeongrass
  _Sagittaria_ L.                             arrowhead
    _ambigua_ J. G. Sm.                         Kansas a.
    _brevirostra_ Mackenz. & Bush               shortbeak a.
    _cuneata_ Sheldon                           duckpotato a.
    _latifolia_ Willd. (including _S.
          esculenta_ Howell)                    common a.
    _longiloba_ Engelm.                         longbarb a.
  _Sisyrinchium_ L.                           blue-eyedgrass
    _angustifolium_ Mill. (including _S.
          graminoides_ Bickn.)                  common b.
    _campestre_ Bickn.                          prairie b.
  _Smilacina_ Desf.                           solomonplume
    _racemosa_ (L.) Desf.                       feather s.
    _stellata_ (L.) Desf.                       starry s.
  _Smilax_ L.                                 greenbriar
    _lasioneura_ Hook. (included in _S.
          herbacea_ L. in some manuals)
    _tamnoides._ L. var. _hispida_ (Muhl.)
      Fern. (_S. hispida_ Muhl.)                bristly g.
  _Sparganium eurycarpum_ Engelm.             giant burreed
  _Spiranthes_ Richard                        ladiestresses
    _cernua_ (L.) Richard                       nodding l.
    _vernalis_ Engelm. & Gray                   upland l.
  _Spirodela polyrhiza_ (L.) Schleid.         common ducksmeat
  _Tradescantia_ L.                           spiderwort
    _bracteata_ Small                           bracted s.
    _occidentalis_ (Britt.) Smyth               prairie s.
    _ohiensis_ Raf. (_T. canaliculata_ Raf.)
    _tharpii_ Anders. & Woodson                 tharp s.
  _Typha_ L.                                  cattail
    _angustifolia_ L.                           narrowleaf c.
    _latifolia_ L.                              common c.
  _Wolffia columbiana_ Karst.                 wolffia
  _Yucca glauca_ Nutt.                        small soapweed
  _Zannichellia palustris_ L.                 common poolmat
  _Zygadenus nuttallii_ Gray (also
        spelled _Zigadenus_)                  nuttall deathcamas


     FOOTNOTES:

     [38] _C. scilloides_ in Gray’s 8th Ed.: _C. scillioides_ in
          some manuals.




                  =LEGUMES (including woody species)=

  _Acacia augustissima_ (Mill.) Ktze.         prairie acacia
  _Alysicarpus vaginalis_ DC.                 alyceclover
  _Amorpha_ L.                                amorpha
    _canescens_ Pursh                           leadplant
    _fruticosa_ L.                              indigobush a.
  _Amphicarpa bracteata_ (L.) Fern.           southern hogpeanut
  _Anthyllis vulnerania_ L.                   kidneyvetch
  _Apios americana_ Medic.                    American potatobean
  _Arachis hypogaea_ L.                       peanut
  _Astragalus_ L.                             milkvetch: species not
                                              poisonous
                                              loco: species causing
                                              locoism
                                              poisonvetch: species
                                              causing poisoning other
                                              than locoism
    _canadensis_ L.                             Canada m.
    _caryocarpus_ Ker (_A.
          crassicarpus_ Nutt.)                  groundplum m.
    _cicer_ L.                                  cicer m.
    _gracilis_ Nutt.                            slender m.
    _lotiflorus_ Hook.                          lotus m.
    _missouriensis_ Nutt.                       Missouri m.
    _mollissimus_ Torr.                         woolly l.
    _pectinatus_ (Hook.) Dougl.                 narrowleaf p.
    _plattensis_ Nutt.                          Nebraska m.
    _racemosus_ Pursh                           creamy p.
    _rubyi_ Greene & Morris                     ruby m.
    _spatulatus_ Sheld. (_A. caespitosus_
          Gray; _Homalobus caespitosus_ Nutt.)  tufted m.
  _Baptisia_ Vent.                            wildindigo
    _leucantha_ T. & G.                         Atlantic w.
    _leucophaea_ Nutt.                          plains w.
    _minor_ Lehm.                               blue w.
  _Cajanus cajan_ Millsp.
        (_C. indicus_ Spreng.)                pigeonpea
  _Caragana arborescens_ Lam.                 Siberian peashrub
  _Cassia_ L.                                 senna; partridgepea
    _fasciculata_ Michx. (_Chamaecrista f._
          B. & B., including _C. rostrata_
          Woot. & Standl.)                      showy p.
    _marilandica_ L.                            wild s.
    _nictitans_ L.                              sensitive p.
  _Cercis canadensis_ L.                      eastern redbud
  _Cicer arientinum_ L.                       chickpea
  _Coronilla varia_ L.                        crownvetch
  _Crotalaria_ L.                             crotalaria
    _incana_ L.                                 shackshack c.[39]
    _juncea_ L.                                 sunn c.
    _mucronata_ Desv.                           striped c.
    _sagittalis_ L.                             arrow c.
    _spectabilis_ Roth                          showy c.
  _Cytisus_ L.                                broom
  _Dalea_[40] Juss.                           dalea
    _alopecuroides_ Willd. [_D. leporina_
          (Alt.) Kearney & Peebles]             foxtail d.
    _aurea_ Nutt.                               silktop d.
    _enneandra_ Nutt.                           nineanther d.
    _jamesii_ (Torr.) T. & G.                   james d.
    _lanata_ Spreng.                            woolly d.
    _nana_ Torr.                                dwarf d.
  _Desmanthus_ Willd.                         bundleflower
    _illinoensis_ (Michx.) MacM.                Illinois b.
    _leptolobus_ T. & G.                        slenderlobed b.
  _Desmodium_ Desv.                           tickclover
    _canadense_ (L.) DC.                        Canada t.
    _canescens_ (L.) DC.                        hoary t.
    _cuspidatum_ (Muhl.) Loud.
          [_D. bracteosum_ (Michx.) DC.]        longleaf t.
    _glutinosum_ (Muhl.) Wood
          [_D. acuminatum_ (Michx.) DC.]        largeflower t.
    _illinoense_ Gray                           Illinois t.
    _paniculatum_ (L.) DC.                      panicled t.
    _sessilifolium_ (Torr.) T. & G.             sessile t.
    _tortuosum_ DC. (_D. purpureum_
          Fawcett & Rendle)                     tall t.
  _Dolichos lablab_ L.                        hyacinthbean
  _Gleditsia triacanthos_ L.                  honeylocust
  _Glottidium vesicarium_ (Jacq.) Harper      bagpod
  _Glycine max_ (L.) Merr.                    soybean
  _Glycyrrhiza lepidota_ (Nutt.) Pursh        American licorice
  _Gymnocladus dioica_ (L.) K. Koch           Kentucky coffeetree
  _Hedysarum coronarium_ L.                   sulla
  _Hoffmanseggia jamesii_ T. & G.             rushpea
  _Homalobus_ (see _Astragalus_)
  _Indigofera_ L.                             indigo
    _hirsuta_ L.                                hairy i.
    _leptosepala_ Nutt.                         western i.
  _Lathyrus_ L.                               peavine
    _hirsutus_ L.                               rough p.
    _latifolius_ L.                             perennial p.
    _odoratus_ L.                               sweetpea
    _polymorphous_ Nutt. [including
          _L. incanus_ (Sm. & Rydb.) Rydb.
          and _L. stipulaceous_ (Pursh)
          Butters & St. John]                   hoary p.
    _pusillus_ Ell.                             low p.
    _sativus_ L.                                grass p.
    _sylvestris_ L.                             flat p.
    _tingitanus_ L.                             tangierpea
    _venosus_ Muhl.                             veiny p.
  _Lens culinaris_ Medic.
        (_L. esculenta_ Moench)               lentil
  _Lespedeza_ Michx.                          lespedeza
    _bicolor_ Turcz.                            shrub l.
    _capitata_ Michx.                           roundhead l.
    _cuneata_ (Dumont) G. Don                   sericea l.
    _cyrtobotrya_ Miq.                          bush l.
    _daurica_ (Laxm.) Schindl.
          var. _schimadae_ (Masam.)
          Masam. & Hosok                        prostrate-daurican l.
    _hedysaroides_ (Pall.) Kitagawa             rush l.
    _hirta_ (L.) Hornem.                        hairy l.
    _intermedia_ (S. Wats.) Britt.              wand l.
    _japonica_ Bailey                           Japan l.
    _latissima_ Nakai                           decumbent l.
    _manniana_ Mackenz. & Bush                  mann l.
    _nuttallii_ Darl.                           nuttall l.
    _procumbens_ Michx.                         trailing l.
    _repens_ (L.) Bart.                         creeping l.
    _stipulacea_ Maxim.                         Korean l.
    _striata_ (Thunb.) H. & A.                  common l.
    _stuevei_ Nutt.                             stuves l.
    _violacea_ (L.) Pers. (_L. prairea_ Britt.) violet l.
    _virginica_ (L.) Britt.                     slender l.
  _Lotus_ L.                                  deervetch (native American
                                              spp.); trefoil
    _americanus_ (Nutt.) Bisch.                 American d.
    _corniculatus_ L.                           birdsfoot t.
    _tenuis_ Waldst. & Dit. ex. Willd.          narrowleaf b.t.
    _uliginosus_ Schkuhr (_L. major_ Sm.;
          _L. villosus_ Willd.)                 big t.
  _Lupinus_ L.                                lupine
    _albus_ L.                                  white l.
    _angustifolius_ L.                          blue l.
    _luteus_ L.                                 yellow l.
    _plattensis_ S. Wats.                       Nebraska l.
    _pusillus_ Pursh                            low l.
    _subcarnosus_ Hook.                         Texas l.
  _Medicago_ L.                               medic; burclover; alfalfa
    _arabica_ (L.) Huds.                        spotted b.
    _arborea_ L.                                tree m.
    _ciliaris_ Bald. ex DC.                     fringed m.
    _falcata_ L.                                yellow a.
    _hispida_ Gaertn.                           California b.
    _lupulina_ L.                               black m.
    _minima_ (L.) Desr.                         little b.
    _orbicularis_ All.                          button m.
    _rigidula_ Desr.                            Tifton b.
    _sativa_ L.                                 alfalfa
    _scutellata_ Mill.                          snail m.
    _tuberculata_ Willd.                        tuberculous m.
  _Melilotus_ Mill.                           sweetclover
    _alba_ Desr.                                white s.
    _dentata_ Pers.                             banat s.
    _indica_ (L.) All.                          annual yellow s.
    _officinalis_ (L.) Lam.                     yellow s.
    _suaveolens_ Ledeb.                         daghestan s.
  _Onobrychis viciaefolia_ Scop.              common sainfoin
  _Ornithopus sativus_ Brot.                  serradella
  _Oxytropis lambertii_ Pursh                 lambert crazyweed[41]
  _Petalostemum_[42] Michx.                   prairieclover
    _candidum_ (Willd.) Michx.                  white p.
    _compactum_ (Spreng.) Swezey                compact p.
    _multiflorum_ Nutt.                         roundheaded p.
    _occidentale_ (Gray) Fern.                  western p.
    _porterianum_ Small                         porter p.
    _purpureum_ (Vent.) Rydb.                   purple p.
    _tenuifolium_ Gray                          slimleaf p.
    _villosum_ Nutt.                            silky p.
  _Phaseolus_ L.                              bean
    _aconitifolius_ Jacq.                       moth b.
    _acutifolius_ Gray                          Texas b.
    _angularis_ Wight                           adsuki b.
    _aureus_ Roxb.                              mung b.
    _calcaratus_ Roxb.                          rice b.
    _coccineus_ L. (_P. multiflorus_ Lam.)      runner b.
    _lunatus_ L. (including var.
          _macrocarpus_ Benth.)                 lima b.
    _vulgaris_ L.                               common b.
  _Pisum_ L.                                  pea
    _arvense_ (L.) Poir.                        field p.
    _sativum_ L.                                garden p.
  _Prosopis juliflora_ (Swartz) DC.
       (_P. chilensis_ of manuals; including
       _P. glandulosa_ Torr. and _P.
       velutina_ Woot.)                       mesquite
  _Psoralea_ L.                               scurfpea
    _argophylla_ Pursh                          silverleaf s.
    _cuspidata_ Pursh                           tallbread s.
    _digitata_ Nutt.                            palmleaf s.
    _osculenta_ Pursh                           common breadroot s.
    _hypogaea_ Nutt.                            little breadroot s.
    _lanceolata_ Pursh                          lemon s.
    _linearifolia_ T. & G.                      slimleaf s.
    _psoralioides_ (Walt.) Cory                 bobsroot s.
    _tenuiflora_ Pursh                          slimflower s.
      var. _floribunda_ (Nutt.) Rydb.           manyflower s.
  _Pueraria_ DC.                              kudzu
    _lobata_ (Willd.) Ohwi [_P. thunbergiana_
         (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth.]                thunberg k.
    _phaseoloides_ Benth.                       tropical k.
  _Robinia_ L.                                  locust
    _pseudo-acacia_ L.                          black l.
    _viscosa_ Vent.                             clammy l.
  _Schrankia nuttallii_ (DC.) Standl. (_S.
        uncinata_ of manuals, not Willd.)     catclaw sensitivebriar
  _Sesbania exaltata_ (Raf.) Cory             sesbania
  _Sophora sericea_ Nutt.                     silky sophora
  _Stizolobium deeringianum_ Bort.            velvetbean
  _Strophostyles_ Ell.                        wildbean
    _helvola_ (L.) Ell.                         trailing w.
    _leiosperma_ (T. & G.) Piper                smoothseed w.
  _Stylosanthes biflora_ (L.) BSP.            pencilflower
  _Tephrosia virginiana_ (L.) Pers.
        [including _T. leucosericea_ (Rydb.)
         Cory]                                Virginia tephrosia
  _Thermopsis rhombifolia_ Nutt. ex Rich.     prairie thermopsis
  _Trifolium_ L.                              clover
    _agrarium_ L.                               hop c.
    _alexandrinum_ L.                           berseem
    _ambiguum_ Bieb.                            kura c.
    _arvense_ L.                                rabbitfoot c.
    _campestre_ Schreb.                         plains c.
    _carolinianum_ Michx.                       Carolina c.
    _dubium_ Sibth.                             small hop c.
    _fragiferum_ L.                             strawberry c.
    _glomeratum_ L.                             cluster c.
    _hirtum_ All.                               rose c.
    _hybridum_ L.                               alsike c.
    _incarnatum_ L.                             crimson c.
    _lappaceum_ L.                              lappa c.
    _medium_ L.                                 zigzag c.
    _nigrescens_ Viv.                           ball c.
    _pratense_ L.                               red c.
    _procumbens_ L.                             large hop c.
    _reflexum_ L.                               buffalo c.
    _repens_ L.                                 white c.
    _resupinatum_ L.                            Persian c.
    _stoloniferum_ Eat.                         stoloniferous c.
    _striatum_ L.                               knotted c.
    _subterraneum_ L.                           subterranean c.
  _Trigonella_ L.                             trigonella
    _foenum-graecum_ L.                         fenugreek
  _Vicia_ L.                                  vetch
    _americana_ Muhl.                           American v.
    _angustifolia_ Reichard                     narrowleaf v.
    _articulata_ Hornem.                        oneflower v.
    _benghalensis_ L. (_V. atropurpurea_ Desf.) purple v.
    _caroliniana_ Walt.                         Carolina v.
    _cracca_ L.                                 bird v.
    _dasycarpa_ Ten.                            woollypod v.
    _ervilia_ Willd.                            bitter v.
    _faba_ L.                                   broadbean
      var. _equina_ Pers. (_V. faba_
          L. subsp. _major_ Alef.)              horsebean
    _grandiflora_ Scop.                         bigflower v.
    _ludoviciana_ Nutt.                         Louisiana v.
    _monantha_ (L.) Desf.                       oneflower v.
    _pannonica_ Crantz.                         Hungarian v.
    _sativa_ L.                                 common v.
    _sparsifolia_ Nutt.                         stiffleaf v.
    _trifida_ Dietr.                            clubleaf v.
    _villosa_ Roth                              hairy v.
  _Vigna_ Savi                                cowpea
    _sesquipedalis_ Fruwirth                    yardlong c.
    _sinensis_ (L.) Endl.                       cowpea
  _Wisteria macrostachya_ Nutt.               wisteria


     FOOTNOTES:

     [39] Listed as shack c. in 1948 USDA Yearbook of
          Agriculture.

     [40] The genus _Dalea_ includes _Petalostemum_ in some
          manuals.

     [41] Often termed stemless loco in older literature but
          the name loco should be reserved for the genus
          _Astragalus_.

     [42] The genus _Petalostemum_ is included in _Dalea_ in
          some manuals.




                          =OTHER DICOT FORBS=

  _Abronia fragrans_ Nutt. ex Hook.           sweet sandverbena
  _Abutilon theophrasti_ Medic.               velvetleaf
  _Acalypha_ L.                               copperleaf
    _gracilens_ Gray                            slender c.
    _ostryaefolia_ Riddell                      hophornbeam c.
    _virginica_ L.                              Virginia c.
  _Acerates_ (see _Asclepias_)
  _Achillea_ L.                               yarrow
    _millefolium_ L. subsp. _millefolium_       common y.
    _millefolium_ L. subsp. _lanulosa_
        (Nutt.) Piper                           western y.
  _Acnida tamariscina_ (Nutt.) Wood           waterhemp
  _Actinea_ (see _Hymenoxys_)
  _Actinomeris_ (see _Verbesina_)
  _Agastache_ Clayt.                          gianthyssop
    _nepetoides_ (L.) Ktze.                     catnip g.
    _scrophulariaefolia_ (Willd.) Ktze.         purple g.
  _Agoseris cuspidata_ (see _Microseris_)
  _Agrimonia_ L.                              agrimony
    _parviflora_ Ait.                           many flower a.
    _pubescens_ Wallr.                          downy a.
    _rostellata_ Wallr.                         woodland a.
  _Agrostemma githago_ L.                     common corncockle
  _Alliaria officinalis_ Andrz.               garlicmustard
  _Allionia_ (included in _Mirabilis_)
  _Amaranthus_ L.                             pigweed (amaranth of SPN)
    _graecizans_ L. (_A. blitoides_ S. Wats.)   tumbleweed
    _hybridus_ L.                               slim p.
    _palmeri_ S. Wats.                          palmer p.
    _retroflexus_ L.                            rough p.
    _spinosus_ L.                               spiny p.
    _torreyi_ (Gray) Benth.                     torrey p.
  _Ambrosia_ L.                               ragweed
    _artemisiifolia_ L. (_A. elatior_ L.)       common r.
    _bidentata_ Michx.                          lanceleaf r.
    _psilostachya_ DC.
        (_A. coronopifolia_ T. & G.)            western r.
    _trifida_ L.                                giant r.
  _Ammannia_                                  ammannia
    _auriculata_ Willd.                         earleaf a.
    _coccinea_ Rottb.                           purple a.
  _Ampelamus albidus_ (Nutt.) Britt.
        (_Gonolobus laevis_ of manuals,
        not Michx.)                           climbingmilkweed
  _Amsonia tabernaemontana_ Walt.             willow amsonia
  _Anagallis arvensis_ L.                     scarlet pimpernel
  _Androsace occidentalis_ Pursh              western rockjasmine
  _Anemone_ L.                                anemone
    _canadensis_ L.                             meadow a.
    _caroliniana_ Walt.                         Carolina a.
    _cylindrica_ Gray                           candle a.
    _decapetala_ Ard.                           tenpetal a.
    _virginiana_ L.                             Virginia a.
  _Antennaria_ Gaertn.                        pussytoes
    _neglecta_ Greene (including A.
        _campestris_ Rydb. & _A.
        longifolia_ Greene)                     field p.
    _plantaginifolia_ (L.) Richards
        (including _A. fallax_ Greene)          plantainleaf p.
  _Anthemis_ L.                               camomile
    _cotula_ L.                                 mayweed c.
    _tinctoria_ L.                              golden c.
  _Anychia_ (see _Paronychia_)
  _Aplopappus_ (see _Haplopappus_)
  _Apocynum_ L.                               dogbane
    _cannabinum_ L.                             hemp d.
    _sibiricum_ Jacq.                           prairie d.
  _Aquilegia_ L.                              columbine
  _Arabis_ L.                                 rockcress
    _canadensis_ L.                             sickle pod
    _dentata_ (Torr.) T. & G.                   toothed r.
    _hirsuta_ (L.) Scop. var. _pycnocarpa_
        (M. Hopkins) Rollins                    hairy r.
    _laevigata_ (Muhl.) Poir.                   smooth r.
    _virginica_ (L.) Poir.                      Virginia r.
  _Arctium minus_ (Hill) Bernh.               smaller burdock
  _Arenaria_ L.                               sandwort
    _patula_ Michx.                             pitchers s.
    _serpyllifolia_ L.                          thymeleaf s.
    _stricta_ Michx. var. _texana_ Robins.      Texas s.
  _Argemone_ L.                               pricklypoppy
    _polyanthemos_ (Fedde) G. Ownbey
    _squarrosa_ Greene (including _A.
        hispida_ Gray)                          hedgehog p.
  _Aristolochia tomentosa_ Sims                 dutchmanspipe
  _Armoracia lapathifolia_ Gilib.
        [_Rorippa armoracia_ (L.) Hitchc.]    common horseradish
  _Artemisia_ L.                              sagewort; sagebrush
    _annua_ L.                                  sweet sagewort
    _biennis_ Willd.                            biennial sagewort
    _campestris_ L. (_A. canadensis_ Michx.)    prairie sagewort
    _dracunculus_ L.                            falsetarragan sagewort
    _filifolia_ Torr.                           sand sagebrush
    _ludoviciana_ Nutt. [including
        var. _gnaphalodes_ (Nutt.) T. & G.]     Louisiana sagewort
    _vulgaris_ L.                               common sagewort
  _Asarum canadense_ L.                       wildginger
  _Asclepias_ L. (including _Acerates_ Ell.)  milkweed
    _amplexicaulis_ Sm.                         bluntleaf m.
    _arenaria_ Torr.                            sand m.
    _auriculata_ (Engelm.) Holz.
        (_Acerates a._ Engelm.)                leafy m.
    _hirtella_ (Pennell) Woodson
        (_Acerates h._ Pennell)                 prairie m.
    _incarnata_ L.                              swamp m.
    _lanuginosa_ Nutt. [_Acerates l._
        (Nutt.) DC.]                            woolly m.
    _latifolia_ (Torr.) Raf.                    broadleaf m.
    _pumila_ (Gray) Vail                        plains m.
    _purpurascens_ L.                           purple m.
    _speciosa_ Torr.                            showy m.
    _stenophylla_ Gray (_Acerates
        angustifolia_ Dene.)                    narrowleaf m.
    _subverticillata_ (Gray) Vail
        (_A. galioides_ HBK.)                   poison m.
    _sullivantii_ Engelm.                       sullivant m.
    _syriaca_ L. var. _kansana_ (Vail)
        Palmer & Steyerm.                       Kansas m.
    _syriaca_ L. var. _syriaca_                 common m.
    _tuberosa_ L.                               butterfly m.
    _verticillata_ L.                           whorled m.
    _viridiflora_ Raf. [_Acerates v._
        (Raf.) Eaton]                           green m.
  _Asclepiodora_[43] Gray                     antelopehorn
    _decumbens_ (Nutt.) Gray (_Asclepias
        capricornu_ Woodson)                    spider a.
    _viridis_ (Walt.) Gray
        (_Asclepias v._ Walt.)                  green a.
  _Aster_ L.                                  aster
    _anomalus_ Engelm.                          manyray a.
    _arenosus_ Blake [_Leucelene ericoides_
        (Torr.) Greene]                         babywhite a.
    _azureus_ Lindl.                            azure a.
    _drummondii_ Lindl.                         drummond a.
    _ericoides_ L.                              heath a.
    _exilis_ Ell.                               slim a.
    _fendleri_ Gray                             fendler a.
    _laevis_ L. var. _laevis_                   smooth a.
    _novae-angliae_ L.                          New England a.
    _oblongifolius_ Nutt.                       aromatic a.
    _ontarionis_ Wieg. (_A. missouriensis_
        Britt., & _A. pantotrichus_ Blake)      Missouri a.
    _paludosus_ Ait.                            singlestem bog a.
    _praealtus_ Poir.                           willowleaf a.
    _sagittifolius_ Wedemeyer                   arrow a.
    _sericeus_ Vent.                            silky a.
    _simplex_ Willd. (_A. paniculatus_
        Lam. not Mill.)                         panicled a.
    _tanacetifolius_ HBK. [_Machaeranthera
        t._ (HBK.) Nees]                        tansyleaf a.
    _tataricus_ L. f.                           tatarian a.
    _vimineus_ Lam.                             small white a.
  _Astranthium integrifolium_ (Michx.) Nutt.  entireleaved westerndaisy
  _Atriplex_ L.                               saltbush
    _argentea_ Nutt.                            silverscale s.
    _canescens_ (Pursh) Nutt.                   fourwing s.
    _patula_ L.                                 fat-hen s.
    _rosea_ L.                                  tumbling orach
  _Aureolaria_ (see _Gerardia_)
  _Bacopa rotundifolia_ (Michx.) Wettst.
        (_Macuillamia r._ Michx.)             disk waterhyssop
  _Bahia oppositifolia_ (Nutt.) DC.
        [_Picradeniopsis o._ (Nutt.) Rydb.]   plains bahia
  _Barbarea vulgaris_ R. Br.                  bitter wintercress
  _Bergia texana_ (Hook.) Seubert             Texas bergia
  _Berlandiera_ DC.                           berlandiera
    _lyrata_ Benth.                             wireleaf b.
    _texana_ DC.                                Texas b.
  _Berteroa incana_ (L.) DC.                  hoary false-alyssum
  _Berula erecta_ (Huds.) Coville             stalky berula
  _Beta_ L.                                   beet
  _Bidens_ L.                                 beggarticks
    _bipinnata_ L.                              spanishneedles
    _cernua_ L. [including _B. glaucescens_
        Greene, & _B. elliptica_ (Wieg.)
        Gleason]                                nodding b.
    _frondosa_ L.                               devils b.
    _polylepis_ Blake [_B. involucrata_
        (Nutt.) Britt.]                         coreopsis b.
    _tripartita_ L. [_B. comosa_ (Gray)
        Wieg., & _B. connata_ Muhl.]            bur b.
    _vulgata_ Greene                            tall b.
  _Boehmeria cylindrica_ (L.) Sw.             smallspike falsenettle
  _Boltonia_ L’Her.                           boltonia
    _asteroides_ (L.) L’Her. var.
        _recognita_ (Fern. & Griscom) Cron.
        (_B. latisquama_ Gray var.
        _recognita_ Fern. & Griscom)            white b.
    _asteroides_ (L.) L’Her. var.
        _latisquama_ (Gray) Cron.
        (_B. latisquama_ Gray)                  violet b.
  _Brassica_ L.                               mustard
    _juncea_ (L.) Coss.                         India m.
    _kaber_ (DC.) L. C. Wheeler                 charlock
    _napus_ L. (_B. rapa_ of authors, not L.)   turnip
    _nigra_ (L.) Koch                           black m.
    _oleracea_ L.                               cabbage, etc.
    _rapa_ L. (_B. campestris_ L.)              rape & rutabaga
  _Brickellia grandiflora_ (Hook.) Nutt.
        [_B. umbellata_ (Greene) Rydb.]       brickellia
  _Buchnera americana_ L.                     American bluehearts
  _Cacalia_ L.                                indian plantain
    _atriplicifolia_ L.                         pale i.
    _tuberosa_ Nutt.                            tuberous i.
  _Calceolaria_ (see _Hybanthus_)
  _Callirhoë_ Nutt.                           poppymallow
    _alcaeoides_ (Michx.) Gray                  pale p.
    _digitata_ Nutt.                            finger p.
    _involucrata_ (T. & G.) Gray                purple p.
  _Callitriche heterophylla_ Pursh            waterstarwort
  _Camelina microcarpa_ Andrz.                littlepod falseflax
  _Campanula americana_ L.                    American bellflower
  _Cannabis sativa_ L.                        hemp
  _Capsella bursa-pastoris_ (L.) Medic.       shepherdspurse
  _Cardamine_ L.                              bittercress
    _bulbosa_ (Schreb.) BSP.                    bulb b.
    _parviflora_ L.                             smallflower b.
    _pensylvanica_ Muhl.                        Pennsylvania b.
  _Cardaria draba_ (L.) Desv.
        (_Lepidium draba_ L.)                 hoary cress
  _Carduus nutans_ L.                         muskthistle
  _Carthamus tinctorius_ L.                   safflower
  _Castilleja_ Mutis                          paintbrush
    _citrina_ Pennell                           citron p.
    _coccinea_ (L.) Spreng.                     indian p.
    _sessiliflora_ Pursh                        downy p.
  _Centaurea_ L.                              centaurea
    _americana_ Nutt.                           basketflower
    _cyanus_ L.                                 cornflower
    _repens_ L. (_C. picris_ Pall.)              Russian knapweed
    _solstitialis_ L.                            yellow c.
  _Cerastium_ L.                               cerastium
    _brachypodum_ (Engelm.) Robins.              shortstalk c.
    _nutans_ Raf.                                powderhorn c.
    _vulgatum_ L.                                big c.
  _Ceratophyllum demersum_ L.                  hornwort
  _Chaerophyllum_ L.                           chervil
    _procumbens_ (L.) Crantz                     spreading c.
    _reflexum_ Bush.                             reflexed c.
    _texanum_ C. & R.                            Texas c.
  _Chamaesaracha_ Gray                        falsenightshade
    _conioides_ (Moric.) Britt.
    _coronopus_ (Dunal) Gray                    green f.
  _Chamaesyce_ (included in _Euphorbia_)
  _Chenopodium_ L.                            goosefoot
    _albescens_ Small                           pale g.
    _album_ L.                                  lambsquarters
    _ambrosioides_ L.                           wormseed g.
    _berlandieri_ Moq.                          pitseed g.
    _boscianum_ Moq.                            goosefoot
    _cycloides_ A. Nels.                        sandhill g.
    _fremontii_ S. Wats.                        fremont g.
    _glaucum_ L.                                oakleaf g.
    _hybridum_ L. var. _gigantospermum_
        (Aellen) Rouleau                        mapleleaf g.
    _incanum_ (S. Wats.) Heller
    _leptophyllum_ Nutt.                        slimleaf g.
    _murale_ L.                                 nettleleaf g.
    _petiolare_ HBK.
    _salinum_ Standl.                           alkali g.
  _Chrysanthemum leucanthemum_ L.             oxeyedaisy
  _Chrysopsis_ Ell.                           goldaster
    _pilosa_ Nutt.                              soft g.
    _villosa_ (Pursh) Nutt. var.
        _angustifolia_ (Rydb.) Cron.
        [_C. angustifolia_ Rydb.,
        _C. stenophylla_ (Gray) Greene]
    _villosa_ (Pursh) Nutt. var.
        _canescens_ Gray (_C.
         berlandieri_ Greene)
    _villosa_ (Pursh) Nutt. var. _foliosa_
        (Nutt.) D. C. Eat.
        (_C. foliosa_ Nutt.)                    leafy g.
    _villosa_ (Pursh) Nutt. var.
        _hispida_ (Hook.) Gray
        [_C. viscida_ (Gray) Greene]            rough g.
    _villosa_ (Pursh) Nutt. var. _villosa_
        (including _C. bakeri_ Greene,
        _C. ballardi_ Rydb., _C.
        hirsutissima_ Greene,
        & _C. asprella_ Greene)                hairy g.
  _Cichorium intybus_ L.                     common chicory
  _Cicuta maculata_ L.                       waterhemlock
  _Circaea latifolia_ Hill                   broadleaf circaea
  _Cirsium_ Mill.                            thistle
    _altissimum_ (L.) Spreng.                  tall t.
    _arvense_ (L.) Scop.                       Canada t.
    _ochrocentrum_ Gray                        yellowspine t.
    _undulatum_ (Nutt.) Spreng.                 wavyleaf t.
    _vulgare_ (Savi) Airy-Shaw
        (_C. lanceolatum_ of manuals)           bull t.
  _Claytonia virginica_ L.                    Virginia springbeauty
  _Clematis_ L.                               clematis
    _fremontii_ S. Wats.                        fremont c.
    _ligusticifolia_ Nutt.                      western c.
    _pitcheri_ T. & G.                          pitcher c.
    _virginiana_ L.                             virginsbower
  _Cleome_ L.                                 spiderflower
    _serrulata_ Pursh                           bee s.
    _spinosa_ Jacq.                             spiny s.
  _Cleomella angustifolia_ Torr.              cleomella
  _Cocculus carolinus_ (L.) DC.               Carolina snailseed
  _Collinsia violacea_ Nutt.                  collinsia
  _Comandra_ Nutt.                            comandra
    _pallida_ A. DC.                            pale c.
    _richardsiana_ Fern.                        richards c.
  _Conium maculatum_ L.                       poisonhemlock
  _Conobea multifida_ (Michx.) Benth.
        [_Leucospora m._ (Michx.) Nutt.]      paleseed
  _Conringia orientalis_ (L.) Dumort.         treacle haresear
  _Convolvulus_ L.                            bindweed
    _arvensis_ L.                               field b.
    _incanus_ Vahl                              gray b.
    _sepium_ L. (including _C. interior_
        House of manuals)                       hedge b.
  _Conyza_ L.                                 conyza
    _canadensis_ (L.) Cron. [_Erigeron
        c._ L., _Leptilon c._ (L.) Britt.]      horseweed
    _ramosissima_ Cron. (_Erigeron
        divaricatus_ Michx.)
  _Coreopsis_ L.                              coreopsis
    _grandiflora_ Hogg                          bigflower c.
    _palmata_ Nutt.                             finger c.
    _tinctoria_ Nutt.                           plains c.
  _Corispermum_ L.                            tickseed
    _hyssopifolium_ L.                          hyssopleaf t.
    _nitidum_ Kit.                              bugseed
  _Corydalis_ Medic.                          corydalis
    _aurea_ Willd.                              golden c.
    _campestris_ (Britt.) Buchholz & Palmer     plains c.
    _crystallina_ Engelm.                       mealy c.
    _flavula_ (Raf.) DC.                        pale c.
    _micrantha_ (Engelm.) Gray                  smallflower c.
  _Cristatella jamesii_ T. & G.               cristatella
  _Croton_ L.                                 croton
    _capitatus_ Michx.                          woolly c.
    _glandulosus_ L. var. _septentrionalis_
        Muell. Arg.                             tropic c.
    _lindheimerianus_ Scheele                   threeseed c.
    _monanthogynus_ Michx.                      oneseed c.
    _texensis_ (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg.           Texas c.
  _Crotonopsis elliptica_ Willd.              crotonopsis
  _Cryptantha_ Lehm. (including _Oreocarya_
        Greene)                               cryptantha
    _crassisepala_ (T. & G.) Greene             thicksepal c.
    _jamesii_ (Torr.) Payson [_O.
        suffruticosa_ (Torr.) Greene]           james c.
  _Cucurbita foetidissima_ HBK.               buffalogourd
  _Cuphea petiolata_ (L.) Koehne              clammy cuphea
  _Cuscuta_ L.                                dodder
    _cephalanthi_ Engelm.                       buttonbush d.
    _coryli_ Engelm.                            hazel d.
    _cuspidata_ Engelm.                         cusp d.
    _glomerata_ Choisy                          cluster d.
    _indecora_ Choisy                           showy d.
    _pentagona_ Engelm.                         field d.
    _polygonorum_ Engelm.                       smartweed d.
  _Cyclanthera dissecta_ (T. & G.) Arn.       cyclanthera
  _Cycloloma atriplicifolium_
        (Spreng.) Coult.                      tumble ringwing
  _Cymopterus_ Raf.                           cymopterus
    _acaulis_ (Pursh) Raf.                      stemless c.
    _montanus_ (Nutt.) T. & G.
        (_Phellopterus m._ Nutt.)               mountain corkwing
  _Cynoglossum_ L.                            houndstongue
    _officinale_ L.                             common h.
    _virginianum_ L.                            wildcomfrey h.
  _Dasistoma macrophylla_ (Nutt.) Raf.        oakleech
  _Datura_ L.                                 datura
    _innoxia_ Mill. (_D. meteloides_ DC.,
        _D. metel_ of manuals, not L.)          sacred d.
    _stramonium_ L.                             jimsonweed
  _Daucus_ L.                                 carrot
    _carota_ L.                                 wild c.
    _pusillus_ Michx.                           southwestern c.
  _Delphinium_ L.                             larkspur
    _ajacis_ L.                                 rocket l.
    _tricorne_ Michx.                           dwarf l.
    _virescens_ Nutt.                           plains l.
  _Dentaria laciniata_ Muhl.                  cutleaf toothwort
  _Descurainia_ Webb & Berthelot              tansymustard
    _pinnata_ (Walt.) Britt. [including
        _D. intermedia_ (Rydb.) Daniels,
        & _D. magna_ Rydb.]                     pinnate t.
    _sophia_ (L.) Webb                          flixweed t.
  _Dianthera_ (see _Justicia_)
  _Diaperia prolifera_ Nutt.                  diaperia
  _Dicentra cucullaria_ (L.) Bernh.           dutchmans-breeches
  _Dicliptera brachiata_ (Pursh) Spreng.      dicliptera
  _Diodia teres_ Walt.                        rough buttonweed
  _Ditaxis_ Vahl                              ditaxis
    _humilis_ (Engelm. & Gray) Pax              low d.
    _mercurialina_ (Nutt.) Coult.               tall d.
  _Dodecatheon meadia_ L.                     common shootingstar
  _Draba_ L.                                  draba
    _brachycarpa_ Nutt.                         shortpod d.
    _cuneifolia_ Nutt.                          wedgeleaf d.
    _reptans_ (Lam.) Fern.
        (_D. caroliniana_ Walt.)                carolina d.
  _Dracopis amplexicaulis_ (Vahl) Cass.
        (_Rudbeckia a._ Vahl)                 clasping coneflower
  _Dyssodia papposa_ (Vent.) Hitchc.          prairie dogweed
  _Echinacea_ Moench                          echinacea
    _angustifolia_ DC.                          blacksamson e.
    _atrorubens_ Nutt. [including
        _E. paradoxa_ (Norton) Britt.]          yellow e.
    _pallida_ Nutt.                             pale e.
  _Echinocereus_ Engelm.                      echinocereus
    _reichenbachii_ (Terscheck) Haage jr.
        (_E. caespitosus_ Engelm.)              lace e.
    _viridiflorus_ Engelm.                      greenpitaya e.
  _Echinocystis lobata_ (Michx.) T. & G.      wild mockcucumber
  _Echium vulgare_ L.                         blueweed
  _Eclipta alba_ (L.) Hassk.                  yerbadetajo
  _Elephantopus carolinianus_ Willd.          elephantsfoot
  _Ellisia nyctelea_ L.                       ellisia
  _Engelmannia pinnatifida_ T. & G.           engelmanndaisy
  _Epilobium_ L.                              willowweed
    _angustifolium_ L.                          fireweed
    _coloratum_ Biehler                         purpleleaf w.
    _leptophyllum_ Raf. (_E. lineare_ of
        manuals, not Muhl.)                     narrowleaf w.
  _Erechtites hieracifolia_ (L.) Raf.         American burnweed
  _Erigeron_ L. (see also _Conyza_)           fleabane
    _annuus_ (L.) Pers.                         annual f.
    _bellidiastrum_ Nutt.                       western f.
    _flagellaris_ Gray                          trailing f.
    _philadelphicus_ L.                         Philadelphia f.
    _pumilus_ Nutt.                             low f.
    _strigosus_ Muhl. [_E. ramosus_
        (Walt.) BSP.]                           daisy f.
  _Eriogonum_ Michx.                          eriogonum
    _annuum_ Nutt.                              annual e.
    _longifolium_ Nutt.                         longleaf e.
  _Erodium cicutarium_ (L.) L’Her.            filaree
  _Eruca sativa_ Mill.                        rocketsalad
  _Eryngium_ L.                               eryngo
    _leavenworthii_ T. & G.                     leavenworth e.
    _yuccifolium_ Michx.                        buttonsnakeroot e.
  _Erysimum_ L.                               erysimum
    _asperum_ (Nutt.) DC.                       plains e.
    _inconspicuum_ (S. Wats.) MacM.             smallflower e.
    _repandum_ L.                               spreading e.
  _Eulophus_ (see _Perideridia_)
  _Eupatorium_ L.                             eupatorium; joepyeweed
    _altissimum_ L.                             tall e.
    _coelestinum_ L.                            mistflower e.
    _maculatum_ L.                              spotted j.
    _perfoliatum_ L.                            boneset
    _purpureum_ L. (_E. falcatum_ Michx.)       bluestem j.
    _rugosum_ Houtt. (_E. urticaefolium_
        Reichard)                               white snakeroot
    _serotinum_ Michx.                          late e.
  _Euphorbia_ L. [including _Tithymalus_
        (Tourn.) Adans., & _Chamaesyce_
        Small]                                euphorbia; spurge
    _corollata_ L.                              flowering s.
    _dentata_ Michx. [including _E.
        cuphosperma_ (Engelm.) Boiss.]          toothed e.
    _dictyosperma_ Fisch. & Mey.                warty e.
    _esula_ L.                                  leafy s.
    _fendleri_ T. & G. (_E. greenei_ in
        Rydb.’s floras)                         fendler e.
    _geyeri_ Engelm.                            geyer e.
    _glyptosperma_ Engelm.                      ridgeseed e.
    _heterophylla_ L.                           painted e.
    _hexagona_ Nutt.                            sixangle e.
    _humistrata_ Engelm.                        spreading e.
    _lata_ Engelm.                              hoary e.
    _maculata_ L. (variously known as _E.
        hypericifolia_ L., _E. hyssopifolia_
        L., _E. nutans_ Lag., & _E. preslii_
        Guss.)                                  spotted e.
    _marginata_ Pursh                           snow-on-the-mountain
    _missurica_ Raf. [including _E. nuttallii_
        (Engelm.) Small, & _E. petaloidea_
        Engelm.]                                Missouri s.
    _obtusata_ Pursh                            roughpod e.
    _serpens_ HBK.                              serpent e.
    _serpyllifolia_ Pers.                       thymeleaf e.
    _stictospora_ Engelm.                       slimseed e.
    _supina_ Raf. (called _E. maculata_ L.
        in manuals)                             prostrate s.
  _Eustoma russellianum_ (Hook.) Griseb.      russell prairiegentian
  _Evolvulus nuttallianus_ R. & S.            nuttall evolvulus
  _Fagopyrum sagittatum_ Gilib. (_F.
        esculentum_ Moench)                   common buckwheat
  _Flaveria campestris_ J. R. Johnston        flaveria
  _Fragaria virginiana_ Duchesne              wild strawberry
  _Franseria_ Cav.                            bursage
    _acanthicarpa_ (Hook.) Coville              variable b.
    _confertiflora_ (DC.) Rydb. (_F.
        tenuifolia_ Harv. & Gray)               slimleaf b.
    _tomentosa_ Gray                            burragweed
  _Froelichia_ Moench                         snakecotton
    _floridana_ (Nutt.) Moq. var.
        _campestris_ (Small) Fern.
        (_F. campestris_ Small)                 field s.
    _gracilis_ (Hook.) Moq.                     slender s.
  _Gaillardia_ Foug.                          gaillardia
    _aristata_ Pursh                            common perennial g.
    _drummondii_ (Hook.) DC.                    drummond g.
    _fastigiata_ Greene                         prairie g.
    _pulchella_ Foug. (_G. aristosa_
        of manuals)                             rosering g.
  _Galinsoga ciliata_ (Raf.) Blake
        (_G. aristulata_ Bickn.)              fringed quickweed
  _Galium_ L.                                 bedstraw
    _aparine_ L.                                catchweed b.
    _circaezans_ Michx. var.
        _hypomalacum_ Fern.                     woods b.
    _concinnum_ T. & G.                         shining b.
    _obtusum_ Bigel.                            bluntleaf b.
    _pilosum_ Ait.                              hairy b.
    _tinctorium_ L.                             dye b.
    _triflorum_ Michx.                          fragrant b.
  _Gaura_ L.                                  gaura
    _biennis_ L.                                biennial g.
    _coccinea_ Pursh                            scarlet g.
    _parviflora_ Dougl.                         smallflower g.
    _villosa_ Torr.                             hairy g.
  _Gentiana puberula_ Michx.                  downy gentian
  _Geranium_ L.                               geranium
    _carolinianum_ L.                           Carolina g.
    _maculatum_ L.                              spotted g.
  _Gerardia_ L.                               gerardia
    _aspera_ Dougl.                             rough g.
    _auriculata_ Michx. [_Tomanthera a._
        (Michx.) Raf.]                          earleaf g.
    _densiflora_ Benth. [_Tomanthera d._
        (Benth.) Raf.]                          fineleaf g.
    _grandiflora_ Benth. [_Aureolaria g._
        (Benth.) Pennell]                       bigflower g.
    _skinneriana_ Wood                          rose g.
    _tenuifolia_ Vahl                           slender g.
  _Geum_ L.                                   avens
    _canadense_ Jacq.                           white a.
    _vernum_ (Raf.) T. & G.                     heartleaf a.
  _Gilia_ R. & P.                             gilia
    _laxiflora_ (Coult.) Osterh.                irion g.
    _longiflora_ (Torr.) G. Don                 whiteflower g.
    _spicata_ Nutt.                             spike g.
  _Glechoma hederacea_ L. [_Nepeta h._
        (L.) Trevisan]                        groundivy
  _Gnaphalium_ L.                             cudweed
    _obtusifolium_ L.                           fragrant c.
    _purpureum_ L.                              purple c.
  _Gonolobus_ (see _Ampelamus_)
  _Gossypium hirsutum_ L.                     upland cotton
  _Gratiola_ L.                               hedgehyssop
    _aurea_ Muhl. (_G. lutea_ Raf. in part)     golden h.
    _virginiana_ L.                             Virginia h.
  _Grindelia_ Willd.                          gumweed
    _lanceolata_ Nutt.                          spinytooth g.
    _squarrosa_ (Pursh) Dunal                   curlycup g.
  _Gutierrezia_ Lag.                          snakeweed
    _dracunculoides_ (DC.) Blake
        [_Amphiachyris d._ (DC.) Nutt.]         broomweed
    _sarothrae_ (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby
        (including _G. diversifolia_ Greene,
        & _G. linearis_ Rydb.)                  broom s.
  _Hackelia virginiana_ (L.) I. M. Johnston
        [_Lappula v._ (L.) Greene]            Virginia stickseed
  _Haplopappus_ Endl. (including _Aplopappus_
        Cass., _Sideranthus_ Sweet, &
        _Oonopsis_ Greene)                    goldenweed
    _ciliatus_ (Nutt.) DC. (_Prionopsis
        ciliata_ Nutt.)                         wax g.
    _divaricatus_ (Nutt.) Gray
        [_Isopappus d._ (Nutt.) T. & G.]        slender g.
    _englemannii_ Z. (Gray) Hall
        [_Oonopsis e._ (Gray) Greene]           englemann g.
    _phyllocephalus_ DC.
        (_Sideranthus annuus_ Rydb.)            annual g.
    _spinulosus_ (Pursh) DC. [_Sideranthus
        s._ (Pursh) Sweet]                      ironplant
  _Hedeoma_ Pers.                             falsepennyroyal
    _drummondii_ Benth.                         drummond f.
    _hispida_ Pursh                             rough f.
    _pulegioides_ (L.) Pers.                    American f.
  _Helenium_ L.                               sneezeweed
    _autumnale_ L.                              common s.
    _nudiflorum_ Nutt.                          purplehead s.
    _tenuifolium_ Nutt.                         bitter s.
  _Helianthemum bicknellii_ Fern.             sunrose
  _Helianthus_ L.                             sunflower
    _annuus_ L. (including
        _H. lenticularis_ Dougl.)               common s.
    _grosseserratus_ Martens                    sawtooth s.
    _hirsutus_ Raf. [_H. leptocaulis_
        (Wats.) Blake (including _H.
        virilis_ Wats.)]                        hairy s.
    _laetiflorus_ Pers. [including _H.
        rigidus_ (Cass.) Desf., &
        _H. severus_ Wats.]                     stiff s.
    _maximiliani_ Schrad.                       maximilian s.
    _mollis_ Lam.                               ashy s.
    _petiolaris_ Nutt.                          prairie s.
    _salicifolius_ A. Dietr.                    willowleaf s.
    _tuberosus_ L. (including
        _H. mollissimus_ E. E. Wats.)           jerusalemartichoke
  _Heliopsis helianthoides_ (L.) Sweet
        var. _scabra_ (Dunal) Fern.           rough heliopsis
  _Heliotropium_ L.                           heliotrope
    _convolvulaceum_ (Nutt.) Gray               bindweed h.
    _spathulatum_ Rydb.                         wild h.
    _tenellum_ (Nutt.) Torr.                    pasture h.
  _Hesperis matronalis_ L.                    dames rocket
  _Heterotheca subaxillaris_ (Lam.)
        Britt. & Rusby                        camphorweed
  _Heuchera richardsonii_ R. Br. var.
        _grayana_ Rosend., Butt., & Lak.      alumroot
  _Hibiscus_ L.                               hibiscus; rosemallow
    _esculentus_ L.                             okra
    _militaris_ Cav.                            scarlet r.
    _trionum_ L.                                flowerofanhour
  _Hieracium longipilum_ Torr.                longbeard hawkweed
  _Houstonia_ L.                              bluets
    _minima_ Beck                               tiny b.
    _nigricans_ (Lam.) Fern.
        (_H. angustifolia_ Michx.)              narrowleaf b.
  _Humulus lupulus_ L.                        hop
  _Hybanthus verticillatus_ (Ortega) Baill.
        [_Calceolaria verticillata_
        (Ortega) Ktze.]                       Northamerican calceolaria
  _Hydrophyllum_ L.                           waterleaf
    _appendiculatum_ Michx.                      notchbract w.
    _virginianum_ L.                             Virginia w.
  _Hymenopappus_ L’Her.                        hymenopappus
    _corymbosus_ T. & G.                         flattop h.
    _scabiosaeus_ L’Her.                         whitebract h.
    _tenuifolius_ Pursh                          slimleaf h.
  _Hymenoxys_ Cass. (_Actinea_ Juss.,
        _Tetraneuris_ Greene,
        _Actinella_ Pers.)                    hymenoxys
    _acaulis_ (Pursh) Parker [_Tetraneuris
        a._ (Pursh) Greene]                     stemless h.
    _odorata_ DC. [_Actinea o._ (DC.) Ktze.,
        & _Actinella o._ (DC.) Gray]            bitterweed
    _scaposa_ (DC.) Parker var. _linearis_
        (Nutt.) Parker (_Tetraneuris
        fastigiata_ Greene)                     plains h.
  _Hypericum_ L.                              St. johnswort
    _drummondii_ (Grev. & Hook.) T. & G.        drummond S.
    _mutilum_ L.                                dwarf S.
    _perforatum_ L.                             common S.
    _punctatum_ Lam.                            spotted S.
    _sphaerocarpum_ Michx.                      roundfruit S.
  _Impatiens_ L.                              snapweed
    _biflora_ Walt.                             spotted s.
    _nortoni_ Rydb.                             norton s.
    _pallida_ Nutt.                             pale s.
  _Iodanthus pinnatifidus_ (Michx.) Steud.    purplerocket
  _Ipomoea_ L.                                morningglory
    _batatas_ Lam.                              sweetpotato
    _hederacea_ (L.) Jacq.                      ivyleaf m.
    _lacunosa_ L.                               white m.
    _leptophylla_ Torr.                         bush m.
    _pandurata_ (L.) G. F. W. Mey.              bigroot m.
    _purpurea_ (L.) Roth                        common m.
  _Isanthus brachiatus_ (L.) BSP.             fluxweed
  _Isopyrum biternatum_ (Raf.) T. & G.        Atlantic isopyrum
  _Iva_ L.                                    sumpweed
    _ciliata_ Willd.                            seacoast s.
    _xanthifolia_ Nutt.                         rag s.
  _Jussiaea repens_ L. var. _glabrescens_
        Ktze. (_J. diffusa_ of manuals,
        not Forsk.)                           floating waterprimrose
  _Justicia americana_ (L.) Vahl
        (_Dianthera a._ L.)                   American dianthera
  _Kallstroemia_ Scop.                        caltrop
    _hirsutissima_ Vail                         hairy c.
    _intermedia_ Rydb.                          intermediate c.
  _Kochia_ Roth                               kochia
  _Krameria lanceolata_ Torr.
        (_K. secundiflora_ of manuals,
        not DC.)                              trailing krameria
  _Krigia_ Schreb.                            dwarfdandelion
    _dandelion_ (L.) Nutt.
        [_Cynthia d._ (L.) DC.]                 tube d.
    _occidentalis_ Nutt.
        [_Cymbia o._ (Nutt.) Standl.]           western d.
    _oppositifolia_ Raf. [_Serinia
        o._ (Raf.) Ktze.]                       common d.
  _Kuhnia_ L.                                 kuhnia
    _eupatorioides_ L. (_K. suaveolens_
          Fresen.; _K. hitchcockii_ A. Nels.)   falseboneset
  _Lactuca_ L.                                lettuce
    _canadensis_ L.                             Canada l.
    _floridana_ (L.) Gaertn.                    Florida l.
    _ludoviciana_ (Nutt.) DC.                   Louisiana l.
    _pulchella_ (Pursh) DC.                     chicory l.
    _scariola_ L. (_L. serriola_ L.;
        _L. virosa_ of manuals, not L.)         prickly l.
  _Lamium amplexicaule_ L.                    henbit
  _Laportea canadensis_ (L.) Gaud.            woodnettle
  _Lappula_ Moench                            stickseed
    _echinata_ Gilib.                           European s.
    _redowskii_ (Hornem.) Greene [_L.
        occidentalis_ (S. Wats.) Greene]        flatspine s.
    _texana_ (Scheele) Britt.
        (_L. heterosperma_ Greene)              cupseed s.
  _Lechea tenuifolia_ Michx.                  pinweed
  _Leonurus cardiaca_ L.                      common motherwort
  _Lepidium_ L.                               pepperweed
    _campestre_ (L.) R. Br.                     field p.
    _densiflorum_ Schrad.                       peppergrass
    _perfoliatum_ L.                            clasping p.
    _ramosissimum_ Nels.                        manybranch p.
    _virginicum_ L.                             Virginia p.
  _Lesquerella_ S. Wats.                      bladderpod
    _gracilis_ (Hook.) S. Wats. [including
        _L. repanda_ (Nutt.) S. Wats.]          spreading b.
    _ludoviciana_ (Nutt.) S. Wats.              Louisiana b.
    _ovalifolia_ Rydb.                          ovalleaf b.
  _Leucelene ericoides_ (see _Aster arenosus_)
  _Liatris_ Schreb.                           gayfeather
    _angustifolia_ (Bush) Gaiser                narrowleaf g.
    _kansana_ (Britt.) Rydb.                    Kansas g.
    _punctata_ Hook.                            dotted g.
    _pycnostachya_ Michx.                       thickspike g.
    _scariosa_ (L.) Willd.                      tall g.
    _squarrosa_ (L.) Michx.                     scaly g.
  _Linaria_ Mill.                             toadflax
    _canadensis_ (L.) Dum. var. _canadensis_    oldfield t.
    _canadensis_ var. _texana_
        (Scheele) Pennell                       Texas t.
    _vulgaris_ Hill                             butter-and-eggs t.
  _Lindernia_ All.                            falsepimpernel
    _anagallidea_ (Michx.) Pennell              clasping f.
    _dubia_ (L.) Pennell                        yellowseed f.
  _Linum_ L.                                  flax
    _compactum_ A. Nels.
    _lewisii_ Pursh [_L. pratense_
        (Norton) Small]                         lewis f.
    _rigidum_ Pursh                             stiffstem f.
    _sulcatum_ Riddell                          grooved f.
    _usitatissimum_ L.                          common f.
  _Lippia_ L.                                 lippia
    _cuneifolia_ (Torr.) Steud.                 wedgeleaf fogfruit
    _lanceolata_ Michx. var. _recognita_
        Fern. & Grisc.                          lanceleaf l.
  _Lithospermum_ L.                           gromwell
    _arvense_ L.                                corn g.
    _canescens_ (Michx.) Lehm.                  hoary g.
    _incisum_ Lehm. (_L. angustifolium_
        Michx., & _L. linearifolium_ Goldie)    narrowleaf g.
    _latifolium_ Michx.                         American g.
  _Lobelia_ L.                                lobelia
    _cardinalis_ L.                             cardinalflower
    _siphilitica_[44] L.                        bigblue l.
    _spicata_ Lam.                              palespike l.
    _splendens_ Willd.                          western cardinalflower
  _Lomatium_ Raf.                             lomatium
    _foeniculaceum_ (Nutt.) C. & R.
        [including _L. daucifolium_ (Nutt.)
        C. & R., & _L. villosum_ Raf.]          carrotleaf l.
    _orientale_ C. & R.                         eastern l.
  _Lonicera_ L.                               honeysuckle
  _Ludwigia_ L.                               seedbox
    _alternifolia_ L.                           bushy s.
    _palustris_ (L.) Ell. var. _americana_
        (DC.) Fern. & Grisc.                    marsh s.
    _polycarpa_ Short & Peter                   manyseed s.
  _Lychnis alba_ Mill.                        white cockle
  _Lycopersicum esculentum_ Mill.             tomato
  _Lycopus_ L.                                bugleweed
    _americanus_ Muhl.                          American b.
    _asper_ Greene (_L. lucidus_ Turcz.)        rough b.
    _virginicus_ L.                             Virginia b.
  _Lygodesmia_ D. Don                         skeletonplant
    _juncea_ (Pursh) D. Don                     rush s.
    _rostrata_ Gray                             beaked s.
  _Lysimachia_ L. (including _Steironema_
        Raf.)                                 loosestrife
    _ciliata_ L.                                fringed l.
    _nummularia_ L.                             moneywort
  _Lythrum alatum_ Pursh                      winged lythrum
  _Machaeranthera_ Nees (see _Aster_)
  _Macuillamia_ (see _Bacopa_)
  _Malacothrix sonchoides_ (Nutt.) T. & G.    sowthistle malacothrix
  _Malva_ L.                                  mallow
    _neglecta_ Wallr.                           common m.
    _rotundifolia_ L.                           running m.
    _sylvestris_ L.                             high m.
    _verticillata_ L.                           cluster m.
  _Mamillaria_ Haw. (_Neomamillaria_ Britt.)    mamillaria
    _missouriensis_ Sweet (including
        _M. similis_ Engelm.)                   Missouri m.
    _vivipara_ (Nutt.) Haw. [including
        _Neomamillaria radiosa_ (Engelm.)
         Rybd.]
  _Marrubium vulgare_ L.                      common hoarhound
  _Martynia_ (see _Proboscidea_)
  _Melampodium cinereum_ DC.
        (_M. leucanthum_ T. & G.)             plains blackfoot
  _Menispermum canadense_ L.                  common moonseed
  _Mentha arvensis_ L.                        field mint
  _Mentzelia_ L.                              mentzelia
    _decapetala_ (Pursh) Urban & Gilg           tenpetal m.
    _nuda_ (Pursh) T. & G. var. _stricta_
        (Osterh.) Harrington [_M. stricta_
        (Osterh.) Stevens ex Jeff. & Little]    bractless m.
    _oligosperma_ Nutt.                         stickleaf m.
  _Microseris cuspidata_ (Pursh) Schultz-Bip.
        [_Agoseris c._ (Pursh) Raf.]          wavyleaf agoseris
  _Mimulus_ L.                                monkeyflower
    _alatus_ Ait.                               sharpwing m.
    _glabratus_ HBK.                            roundleaf m.
    _ringens_ L.                                Alleghany m.
  _Mirabilis_ L. (including _Oxybaphus_
        L’Her., & _Allionia_ Loefl.)          four-o’clock
    _albida_ (Walt.) Heimerl                    white f.
    _carletoni_ (Standl.) Standl.               carleton f.
    _hirsuta_ (Pursh) MacM.                     hairy f.
    _linearis_ (Pursh) Heimerl                  narrowleaf f.
    _nyctaginea_ (Michx.) MacM.                 prairie f.
  _Mollugo verticillata_ L.                   carpetweed
  _Monarda_ L.                                beebalm
    _citriodora_ Cerv.                          lemon b.
    _clinopodioides_ Gray                       basil b.
    _fistulosa_ L. var. _menthaefolia_
        (Graham) Fern. (_M.
        menthaefolia_ Graham)                   mintleaf b.
    _fistulosa_ L. var. _mollis_ (L.) Benth.
        (_M. mollis_ L.)                        wildbergamot b.
    _punctata_ L. subsp. _occidentalis_ Epl.
        (_M. pectinata_ Nutt.)                  spotted b.
  _Monolepis nuttalliana_ (R. & S.) Greene    nuttall monolepis
  _Myosotis verna._ Nutt. (_M. virginica_
        of manuals)                           Virginia forgetmenot
  _Myosurus minimus_ L.                       tiny mousetail
  _Myriophyllum_ L.                           parrotfeather
    _heterophyllum_ Michx.                      changeleaf p.
    _pinnatum_ (Walt.) BSP.                     green p.
  _Nasturtium officinale_ R. Br.              nasturtium
  _Nelumbo lutea_ (Willd.) Pers.
        [?_N. pentapetala_ (Walt.) Fern.]     American lotus
  _Nepeta_ L. (see also _Glechoma_)           nepeta
    _cataria_ L.                                catnip
  _Nicotiana_ L.                              tobacco
  _Nuphar advena_ (Ait.) Ait. f.              spatterdock cowlily
  _Nymphaea odorata_ Ait.                     American waterlily
  _Oënothera_ L.                              eveningprimrose
    _albicaulis_ Pursh                          pale e.
    _biennis_ L.                                common e.
    _biennis_ L. var. _hirsutissima_ Gray
        [_O. strigosa_ (Rydb.) Mackenz. & Bush] bristly-common e.
    _canescens_ Torr. & Frem.                   beakpod e.
    _coronopifolia_ T. & G.                     combleaf e.
    _fremontii_ S. Wats.                        fremont e.
    _hartwegii_ Benth. var. _fendleri_ Gray     fendler e.
    _hookeri_ T. & G.                           hooker e.
    _laciniata_ Hill                            cutleaf e.
    _lavandulaefolia_ T. & G.                   lavenderleaf e.
    _linifolia_ Nutt.                           narrowleaf e.
    _missouriensis_ Sims                        Missouri e.
    _rhombipetala_ Nutt.                        fourpoint e.
    _serrulata_ Nutt.                           serrateleaf e.
    _speciosa_ Nutt.                            white e.
    _tetragona_ Roth var. _latifolia_ (Rydb.)
        Fern. (_Kneiffia latifolia_ Rydb.)      broadleaf e.
    _triloba_ Nutt.                             stemless e.
  _Onosmodium_ Michx.                         marbleseed
    _hispidissimum_ Mackenz.                    rough m.
    _occidentale_ Mackenz.                      western m.
  _Oonopsis engelmannii_ (see _Haplapappus_)
  _Opuntia_ Mill.                             pricklypear; cholla
    _arborescens_ Engelm. [_O. imbricata_
        (Haw.) DC.]                             walkingstick c.
    _fragilis_ (Nutt.) Haw.                     brittle p.
    _humifusa_ Raf.                             common p.
    _macrorhiza_ Engelm.                        bigroot p.
    _polyacantha_ Haw.                          plains p.
    _tortispina_ Engelm.                        twistspine p.
  _Oreocarya_ (see _Cryptantha_)
  _Orobanche_ L.                              broomrape
    _ludoviciana_ Nutt.                         Louisiana b.
    _uniflora_ L.                               ghostpipe
  _Osmorhiza longistylis_ (Torr.) DC.         longstyle sweetroot
  _Othake_ (see _Palafoxia_)
  _Oxalis_ L.                                 oxalis
    _europaea_ Jord.                            European yellow o.
    _stricta_ L.                                common yellow o.
    _violacea_ L.                               violet woodsorrel o.
  _Oxybaphus_ (included in _Mirabilis_)
  _Palafoxia spacelata_ (Nutt.) Cory
        [_Othake s._ (Nutt.) Rydb.]           othake
  _Parietaria pensylvanica_ Muhl.             pellitory
  _Paronychia_ Mill.                          nailwort
    _canadensis_ (L.) Wood
        [_Anychia c._ (L.) BSP.]                Canada n.
    _fastigiata_ (Raf.) Fern. (_Anychia
        polygonoides_ Raf.)                     forked n.
    _jamesii_ T. & G.                           james n.
  _Parthenium integrifolium_ L.               parthenium
  _Pastinaca sativa_ L.                       parsnip
  _Pectis angustifolia_ Torr.                 pectis
  _Pedicularis canadensis_ L.                 pedicularis
  _Penstemon_ Mitchell                        penstemon
    _albidus_ Nutt.                             white p.
    _ambiguus_ Torr.                            gilia p.
    _angustifolius_ Nutt. ex Pursh, subsp.
        _caudatus_ (Heller) Keck                narrowleaf p.
    _buckleyi_ Pennell                          buckley p.
    _cobaea_ Nutt.                              cobaea p.
    _digitalis_ Nutt.                           smooth p.
    _grandiflorus_ Nutt.                        shell-leaf p.
    _pallidus_ Small                            pale p.
    _tubaeflorus_ Nutt.                         tube p.
  _Penthorum sedoides_ L.                     penthorum
  _Perideridia americana_ (Nutt.) Reichenb.
        (_Eulophus a._ Nutt.)                 eulophus
  _Perilla frutescens_ (L.) Britt.            common perilla
  _Phacelia_ Juss.                            phacelia
    _gilioides_ A. Brand (_P. hirsuta_ of
        many SW botanists, not Nutt.)           hairy p.
    _integrifolia_ Torr.                        gyp p.
  _Phellopterus_ (see _Cymopterus_)
  _Phlox_ L.                                  phlox
    _bifida_ Beck                               tenpoint p.
    _divaricata_ L.                             sweetwilliam p.
    _paniculata_ L.                             summer p.
    _pilosa_ L.                                 prairie p.
  _Phryma leptostachya_ L.                    lopseed
  _Physalis_ L.                               groundcherry
    _angulata_ L.                               cutleaf g.
    _comata_ Rydb.                              hillside g.
    _heterophylla_ Nees [including _P.
        ambigua_ (Gray) Rydb.]                  clammy g.
    _ixocarpa_ Brotero                          tomatillo g.
    _lanceolata_ Michx.                         lanceleaf g.
    _lobata_ Torr. [_Quincula_ l. (Torr.) Raf.] chineselantern
    _longifolia_ Nutt.                          spearleaf g.
    _macrophysa_ Rydb.                          bladder g.
    _missouriensis_ Mackenz. & Bush             Missouri g.
    _pendula_ Rydb.                             purplevein g.
    _pruinosa_ L.                               hairy g.
    _pubescens_ L.                              downy g.
    _pumila_ Nutt.                              prairie g.
    _rotundata_ Rydb.                           roundleaf g.
    _subglabrata_ Mackenz. & Bush               taperleaf g.
    _virginiana_ Mill.                          Virginia g.
  _Physostegia_ Benth.                        lionsheart
    _intermedia_ (Nutt.) Engelm. & Gray         intermediate l.
    _virginiana_ (L.) Benth.                    Virginia l.
  _Phytolacca americana_ L.
        (_P. decandra_ L.)                    common pokeberry
  _Picradeniopsis_ (see _Bahia_)
  _Pilea pumila_ (L.) A. Gray                 clearweed
  _Plantago_ L.                               plantain
    _aristata_ Michx.                           bottlebrush p.
    _lanceolata_ L.                             buckhorn p.[45]
    _purshii_ R. & S.                           woolly p.
    _pusilla_ Nutt. (_P. elongata_
        of manuals, not Pursh)                  slender p.
    _rhodosperma_ Dcne.                         redseed p.
    _rugelii_ Dcne.                             blackseed p.
    _spinulosa_ Dcne.                           brittlebract p.
    _virginica_ L.                              paleseed p.
  _Podophyllum peltatum_ L.                   common mayapple
  _Polanisia trachysperma_ T. & G.            roughseed clammyweed
  _Polemonium reptans_ L.                     creeping polemonium
  _Polygala_ L.                               polygala
    _alba_ Nutt.                                white p.
    _incarnata_ L.
    _sanguinea_ L. (including
        _P. viridescens_ L.)                    blood p.
    _verticillata_ L.                           whorled p.
  _Polygonum_ L. (see also _Tovara_)          knotweed; smartweed
    _aviculare_ L. (including
        _P. buxiforme_ Small)                   prostrate k.
    _coccineum_ Muhl.                           swamp s.
    _convolvulus_ L.                            climbing-buckwheat
    _erectum_ L.                                erect k.
    _hydropiper_ L.                             marshpepper s.
    _hydropiperoides_ Michx.                    swamp s.
    _lapathifolium_ L. (including
        _P. tomentosum_ of manuals)             curltop s.
    _longistylum_ Small                         longstyle s.
    _pensylvanicum_ L. (including
        _P. omissum_ Greene)                    Pennsylvania s.
    _persicaria_ L.                             ladysthumb s.
    _persicarioides_ HBK.                       southwest s.
    _punctatum_ Ell.                            dotted s.
    _ramosissimum_ Michx.                       bushy k.
    _tenue_ Michx.                              slim k.
  _Polytaenia nuttalii_ DC.                   polytaenia
  _Portulaca_ L.                              portulaca; purslane
    _oleracea_ L.                               common purslane
    _parvula_ Gray                              slenderleaf purslane
  _Potentilla_ L.                             cinquefoil
    _arguta_ Pursh                              clammy c.
    _norvegica_ L.                              Norwegian c.
    _paradoxa_ Nutt.                            bushy c.
    _rivalis_ Nutt.                             brook c.
    _simplex_ Michx. (_P. canadensis_
        of manuals, not L.)                     oldfield c.
    _sulfurea_ Lam.
  _Prenanthes aspera_ Michx.                  rough rattlesnakeroot
  _Prionopsis ciliata_ (see
        _Haplopappus ciliatus_)
  _Proboscidea louisianica_ (Mill.) Thell.
        (_Martynia l._ Mill.)                 common devilsclaw
  _Prunella vulgaris_ L. var. _lanceolata_
        (Bart.) Fern.                         common selfheal
  _Psilostrophe villosa_ Rydb.                paperflower
  _Ptilimnium nuttallii_ (DC.) Brit.          mockbishopweed
  _Ptiloria_ (see _Stephanomeria_)
  _Pycnanthemum_ Michx.                       mountainmint
    _flexuosum_ (Walt.) BSP.                    slender m.
    _pilosum_ Nutt.                             woods m.
  _Pyrrhopappus_ DC.                          falsedandelion
    _carolinianus_ (Walt.) DC.                  Carolina f.
    _scaposus_ DC. (_P. grandiflorus_ Nutt.)    tuber f.
  _Quincula_ (see _Physalis_)
  _Ranunculus_ L.                             buttercup; crowfoot
    _abortivus_ L.                            littleleaf b.
    _acris_ L.                                  tall b.
    _cymbalaria_ Pursh                          shore b.
    _fascicularis_ Muhl.                        tufted b.
    _flabellaris_ Raf.                          threadleaf b.
    _hispidus_ Michx.                           bristly b.
    _longirostris_ Godr.                        longbeak b.
    _sceleratus_ L.                             cursed c.
  _Raphanus_ L.                               radish
  _Ratibida_ Raf.                             prairieconeflower
    _columnifera_ (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.       upright p.
    _pinnata_ (Vent.) Barnh.                    grayhead p.
    _tagetes_ (James) Barnh.                    shortray p.
  _Rheum_ L.                                  rhubarb
  _Ricinus communis_ L.                       castorbean
  _Rorippa Scop._ (see also _Armoracia_)      yellowcress; marshcress
    _islandica_ (Oeder) Borbas [including
        _R. hispida_ (DC.) Britt. &
        _R. palustris_ (L.) Bess.]              bog y.
    _sessiliflora_ (Nutt.) Hitchc.              stalkless y.
    _sinuata_ (Nutt.) Hitchc.                   spreading y.
  _Rotala ramosior_ (L.) Koehne var.
        _interior_ Fern. & Grisc.             rotala
  _Rudbeckia_ L. (see also _Dracopis_)        coneflower
    _grandiflora_ (D. Don) Gmel.                rough c.
    _hirta_ L.                                  blackeyedsusan
    _laciniata_ L.                              cutleaf c.
    _subtomentosa_ Pursh                        sweet c.
    _triloba_ L.                                browneyedsusan
  _Ruellia_ L.                                ruellia
    _humilis_ Nutt. (_R. ciliosa_ of manuals,
        in part; _R. caroliniensis_ of
        manuals, in part)                       fringeleaf r.
    _strepens_ L.                               limestone r.
  _Rumex_ L.                                  dock; sorrel
    _acetosella_ L.                             red s.
    _altissimus_ Wood                           pale d.
    _crispus_ L.                                curled d.
    _hastatulus_ Baldw.                         heartwing s.
    _maritimus_ L. var. _fueginus_ (Phil.)
        Dusen (_R. persicarioides_ of manuals,
        not L.)                                 golden d.
    _obtusifolius_ L.                           bitter d.
    _patientia_ L.                              patience d.
    _venosus_ Pursh                             veiny d.
  _Sabatia_[46] _campestris_ Nutt.            prairie rosegentian
  _Sagina decumbens_ (Ell.) T. & G.           trailing pearlwort
  _Salsola kali_ L. (_S. pestifer_ Nels.)     russianthistle
  _Salvia_ L.                                 sage
    _azurea_ Lam. var. _grandiflora_ Benth.
        (_S. pitcheri_ Torr.)                   pitcher s.
    _officinalis_ L.                            garden s.
    _reflexa_ Hornem. (including _S.
        lanceolata_ Willd., & _S. lanceafolia_
        of authors, not Poir.)                  lanceleaf s.
  _Samolus parviflorus_ Raf.                  samolus
  _Sanguinaria canadensis_ L.                 bloodroot
  _Sanicula_ L.                               sanicle
    _canadensis_ L.                             Canada s.
    _gregaria_ Bickn.                           cluster s.
    _marilandica_ L.                            black s.
  _Saponaria_ L.                              soapwort
    _officinalis_ L.                            bouncingbet
    _vaccaria_ L. (_Vaccaria vulgaris_ Host)    cow s.
  _Scrophularia_ L.                           figwort
    _lanceolata_ Pursh                          lanceleaf f.
    _marilandica_ L.                            Maryland f.
  _Scutellaria_ L.                            skullcap
    _incana_ Biehler                            hoary s.
    _lateriflora_ L.                            sideflowering s.
    _ovata_ Hill                                eggleaf s.
    _parvula_ Michx. var. _australis_ Fassett
        [_S. australis_ (Fassett) Epling]       southern-small s.
    _parvula_ Michx. var. _leonardi_ (Epling)
        Fern. (_S. leonardi_ Epling)            leonard-small s.
    _parvula_ Michx. var. _parvula_             small s.
    _resinosa_ Torr.                            resinous s.
  _Sedum_ L.                                  stonecrop
  _Selenia aurea_ Nutt.                       golden selenia
  _Senecio_ L.                                groundsel
    _aureus_ L.                                 golden g.
    _integerrimus_ Nutt.                        lambstongue g.
    _obovatus_ Muhl.                            roundleaf g.
    _plattensis_ Nutt.                          prairie g.
    _riddellii_ T. & G.                         riddell g.
    _tridenticulatus_ Rydb.
  _Sesamum indicum_ L.                        sesame
  _Sicyos angulatus_ L.                       burcucumber
  _Sida spinosa_ L.                           prickly sida
  _Sideranthus_ (see _Haplopappus_)
  _Silene_ L.                                 silene
    _antirrhina_ L.                             sleepy s. (sleepy
                                                           catchfly)
    _cucubalus_ Wibel [_S. latifolia_ (Mill.)
        Britten & Rendle, _S. vulgaris_ (Moench)
        Garcke, & _S. inflata_ Sm.]             cowbell s.
    _noctiflora_ L.                             nightflowering s.
    _stellata_ (L.) Ait. f.                     starry s.
  _Silphium_ L.                               rosinweed
    _integrifolium_ Michx. (including
        _S. speciosum_ Nutt.)                   wholeleaf r.
    _laciniatum_ L.                             compassplant
    _perfoliatum_ L.                            cup r.
  _Sisymbrium_ L.                             sisymbrium
    _altissimum_ L.                             tumblemustard
    _officinale_ (L.) Scop.                     hedgemustard
  _Solanum_ L.                                nightshade
    _carolinense_ L.                            horsenettle
    _elaeagnifolium_ Cav.                       silverleaf n.
    _nigrum_ L.                                 black n.
    _rostratum_ Dunal                           buffalobur n.
    _torreyi_ Gray                              torrey n.
    _triflorum_ Nutt.                           cutleaf n.
    _tuberosum_ L.                              potato
  _Solidago_ L.                               goldenrod
    _altissima_ L. (including some Kansas
          specimens called _S. dumetorum_
          Lunell)                               tall g.
    _angusta_ T. & G.
          (_S. lindheimeriana_ Scheele)
    _canadensis_ L.                             Canada g.
    _gigantea_ Ait. (including
        _S. serotina_ Ait.)                     November g.
    _graminifolia_ (L.) Salisb. [_Euthamia g._
        (L.) Nutt.]                             grassleaf g.
    _gymnospermoides_ (Greene) Fern.
      (_Euthamia g._ Greene)                    sticky g.
    _missouriensis_ Nutt. (including _S.
        glaberrima_ Martens &
        _S. moritura_ Steele)                   Missouri g.
    _mollis_ Bartl.                             ashy g.
    _nemoralis_ Ait.                            dyersweed g.
    _petiolaris_ Ait.                           downy g.
    _pruinosa_ Greene (including some Kansas
      specimens called _S. dumetorum_ Lunell)
    _rigida_ L.                                 stiff g.
    _sparsiflora_ Gray (_S. trinervata_ Greene) threenerve g.
    _speciosa_ Nutt. var. _rigidiuscula_ T. & G.
      [_S. rigidiuscula_ (T. & G.) Porter]      showywand g.
    _speciosa_ Nutt. var. _speciosa_            noble g.
    _ulmifolia_ Muhl.                           elmleaf g.
  _Sonchus_ L.                                sowthistle
    _arvensis_ L.                               perennial s.
    _asper_ (L.) Hill                           prickly s.
    _oleraceus_ L.                              common s.
  _Specularia_ Fabricius                      venuslookingglass
    _biflora_ (R. & P.) Fisch. & Mey.           small v.
    _leptocarpa_ (Nutt.) Gray                   slimpod v.
    _perfoliata_ (L.) A. DC.                    clasping v.
  _Spermolepis_ Raf.                          spermolepis
    _divaricata_ (Walt) Britt.                  forked s.
    _inermis_ (Nutt.) Math. & Const.
        [_S. patens_ (Nutt.) Robins.]           spreading s.
  _Sphaeralcea_ St. Hil.                      globemallow
    _angusta_ (Gray) Fern.
    _angustifolia_ (Cav.) Don var.
        _cuspidata_ Gray (_S. cuspidata_
        of manuals)                             narrowleaf g.
    _coccinea_ (Pursh) Rydb.                    scarlet g.
  _Stachys tenuifolia_ Willd.                 slenderleaf betony
  _Stanleya pinnata_ (Pursh) Britt.           desert princesplume
  _Steironema_ (included in _Lysimachia_)
  _Stellaria media_ (L.) Cyrillo              chickweed
  _Stenosiphon linifolius_ (Nutt.) Britt.     stenosiphon
  _Stephanomeria pauciflora_ (Torr.) A. Nels.
        [_Ptiloria_ p. (Torr.) Raf.]          wirelettuce
  _Stillingia sylvatica_ L. var. _salicifolia_
        Torr. [_S. salicifolia_ (Torr.) Raf.] stillingia
  _Striga lutea_ Lour.                        witchweed
  _Suaeda depressa_ (Pursh) S. Wats. [including
        _S. erecta_ (Wats.) A. Nels.]         pursh seepweed (seablite)
  _Taenidia integerrima_ (L.) Drude           yellow taenidia
  _Talinum_ Adans.                            fameflower
    _calycinum_ Engelm.                         rockpink f.
    _parviflorum_ Nutt.                         prairie f.
  _Tanacetum vulgare_ L.                      common tansy
  _Taraxacum_ Zinn                            dandelion
    _laevigatum_ (Willd.) DC.
        (_T. erythrospermum_ Andrz.)            smooth d.
    _officinale_ Weber (_T. vulgare_ Lam.)      common d.
  _Teucrium_ L.                               germander
    _canadense_ L. var. _virginicum_ (L.) Eat.  American g.
    _laciniatum_ Torr.                          cutleaf g.
    _occidentale_ Gray                          hairy g.
  _Thalictrum dasycarpum_ Fisch. & Lall.      purple meadowrue
  _Thaspium_ Nutt.                            thaspium
    _barbinode_ (Michx.) Nutt.                  hairyjoint t.
    _trifoliatum_ (L.) Gray                     threeleaf t.
  _Thelesperma_ Less.                           greenthread
    _gracile_ (Torr.) Gray                      slender g.
    _trifidum_ (Poir.) Britt.                   threecleft g.
  _Thlaspi arvense_ L.                        pennycress
  _Tidestromia lanuginosa_ (Nutt.) Standl.    woolly tidestromia
  _Tithymalus_ (see _Euphorbia_)
  _Tomanthera_ (see _Gerardia_)
  _Tovara virginiana_ (L.) Raf.
        (_Polygonum v._ L.)                   Virginia tovara
  _Townsendia sericea_ Hook. [_T. exscapa_
        (Rich.) Porter]                       stemless townsendia
  _Tragia urticifolia_ Michx.
        (_T. nepetaefolia_ of manuals, not
        Cav., including _T. ramosa_ of
        manuals, not Torr.)                   nettleleaf noseburn
  _Tragopogon_ L.                             salsify
    _dubius_ Scop. (_T. major_ Jacq.)           western s.
    _porrifolius_ L.                            vegetable-oyster s.
    _pratensis_ L.                              meadow s.
  _Tribulus terrestris_ L.                    puncturevine
  _Triosteum_ L.                              horsegentian
    _aurantiacum_ Bickn.                        orange h.
    _perfoliatum_ L.                            common h.
  _Urtica procera_ Muhl.                      tall nettle
  _Utricularia vulgaris_ L.                   common bladderwort
  _Vaccaria_ (see _Saponaria_)
  _Valerianella radiata_ (L.) Dufr.           cornsalad
  _Verbascum_ L.                              mullein
    _blattaria_ L.                              moth m.
    _thapsus_ L.                                flannel m.
  _Verbena_ L.                                verbena
    _bipinnatifida_ Nutt.                       Dakota v.
    _bracteata_ Lag. & Rodr.                    bigbract v.
    _canadensis_ (L.) Britt.                    rose v.
    _hastata_ L.                                blue v.
    _simplex_ Lehm.                             narrowleaf v.
    _stricta_ Vent.                             woolly v.
    _urticifolia_ L.                            white v.
  _Verbesina_ L.                              crownbeard
    _alternifolia_ (L.) Britt.
        [_Actinomeris a._ (L.) DC.]             wingstem
    _encelioides_ (Cav.) B. & H.
        (_Ximenesia e._ Cav.)                   golden c.
    _virginica_ L.                              white c.
  _Vernonia_ Schreb.                         ironweed
    _baldwini_ Torr. var. _baldwini_            baldwin i.
    _baldwini_ Torr. var. _interior_
        (Small) Schub.                          inland i.
    _crinita_ Raf.                              bur i.
    _marginata_ (Torr.) Raf.                    plains i.
  _Veronica_ L.                               speedwell
    _arvensis_ L.                               common s.
    _peregrina_ L.                              purslane s.
    _polita_ Fries (_V. didyma_ Ten.)           wayside s.
    _salina_ Schur. (_V. connata_ of manuals)   cupleaf s.
    _serpyllifolia_ L.                          thymeleaf s.
  _Veronicastrum virginicum_ (L.) Farw.       culversphysic
  _Viola_ L.                                  violet
    _eriocarpa_ Schw.                           woolpod v.
    _kitaibeliana_ R. & S.
        var. _rafinesquii_ (Greene) Fern.
        (_V. rafinesquii_ Greene)               johnnyjumpup
    _missouriensis_ Greene                      Missouri v.
    _nuttallii_ Pursh                           nuttall v.
    _papilionacea_ Pursh                        butterfly v.
    _pedata_ L.                                 birdsfoot v.
    _pedatifida_ G. Don                         prairie v.
    _sororia_ Willd.                            sister v.
  _Xanthium strumarium_ L. (including
        _X. chinense_ Mill., _X. globosum_
        Shull, _X. italicum_ Moretti,
        _X. pensylvanicum_ Wallr., and
        _X. speciosum_ Kearney)               cocklebur
  _Ximenesia_ (see _Verbesina_)
  _Zinnia grandiflora_ Nutt.                  Rocky Mountain zinnia
  _Zizia aurea_ (L.) W. D. J. Koch            golden zizia


     FOOTNOTES:

     [43] _Asclepiodora_ is included in _Asclepias_ in some
          manuals.

     [44] From Gray: spelled _syphilitica_ in some manuals.

     [45] The word “plantain” may be omitted from the common
          name of this species, calling it simply “buckhorn.”

     [46] From Gray: spelled _Sabbatia_ in some manuals.




                             =WOODY PLANTS=

  _Acer_ L.                                   maple
    _negundo_ L.                                boxelder
    _nigrum_ Michx. f.                          black m.
    _saccharinum_ L.                            silver m.
    _saccharum_ Marsh.                          sugar m.
  _Aesculus_ L.                               buckeye
    _glabra_ Willd. var. _glabra_               Ohio b.
    _glabra_ Willd. var. _sargentii_ Rehd.      western b.
  _Ailanthus altissima_ (Mill.) Swingle       treeofheaven
  _Amelanchier arborea_ (Michx. f.) Fern.
        (_A. canadensis_ sensu Wieg.,
         not Medic.)                          serviceberry
  _Amorpha_ L.                                amorpha
    _canescens_ Pursh                           leadplant
    _fruticosa_ L.                              indigobush a.
    _nana_ Nutt.                                dwarfindigo a.
  _Ampelopsis cordata_ Michx.                 heartleaf falsegrape
  _Artemisia filifolia_ Torr.                 sand sagebrush
  _Asimina triloba_ (L.) Dunal                pawpaw
  _Atriplew_ L.                               saltbush
    _argentea_ Nutt.                            silverscale s.
    _canescens_ (Pursh) Nutt.                   fourwing s.
    _patula_ L.                                 fat-hen s.
  _Baccharis_ L.                              baccharis
    _neglecta_ Britt.                           landbank b.
    _salicina_ T. & G.                          willow b.
    _wrightii_ Gray                             wright b.
  _Berberis_ L.                               barberry
    _thunbergii_ DC.                            Japanese b.
    _vulgaris_ L.                               European b.
  _Betula nigra_ L.                           river birch
  _Bumelia lanuginosa_ (Michx.) Pers.         woollybucket bumelia
  _Campsis_ Lour.                             trumpetcreeper
    _grandiflora_ (Thunb.) Laisel               Chinese t.
    _radicans_ (L.) Seem.                       common t.
  _Caragana arborescens_ Lam.                 Siberian peashrub
  _Carya_ Nutt.                               hickory
    _cordiformis_ (Wang.) K. Koch               bitternut h.
    _illinoensis_ (Wang.) K. Koch [_C. pecan_
        (Marsh.) Engl. & Graebn.]               pecan
    _laciniosa_ (Michx. f.) Loud.               shellbark h.
    _ovalis_ (Wang.) Sarg.                      red h.
    _ovalis_ var. _obovalis_ (Marsh.) Sarg.     pignut h.
    _ovata_ (Mill.) K. Koch                     shagbark h.
    _tomentosa_ Nutt.                           mockernut h.
    _villosa_ Ashe                              black h.
  _Catalpa_ Scop.                             catalpa
  _Ceanothus_ L.                              ceanothus
    _americanus_ L.                             jerseytea c.
    _ovatus_ Desf.                              inland c.
  _Celastrus scandens_ L.                     American bittersweet
  _Celtis_ L.                                 hackberry
    _laevigata_ Willd.                          southern h.
    _occidentalis_ L. [_C. occidentalis_ L.
        var. _crassifolia_ (Lam.) Gray]         common h.
    _reticulata_ Torr. (including _C.
        rugulosa_ Rydb.)                        netleaf h.
    _tenuifolia_ Nutt. (_C. pumila_ of most
        Amer. authors, not Pursh)               small h.
  _Cephalanthus occidentalis_ L.              common buttonbush
  _Cercis canadensis_ L.                      eastern redbud
  _Chrysothamnus pulchellus_ (Gray) Greene    southwest rabbitbrush
  _Cornus_ L.                                 dogwood
    _drummondi_ Meyer (_C. asperifolia_ of
        authors, not Michx.)                    roughleaf d.
    _obliqua_ Raf.                              pale d.
  _Corylus_ L.                                filbert[47]
    _americana_ Walt.                           American f.
    _cornuta_ Marsh.                            beaked f.
  _Crataegus_ L.                              hawthorn
    _calpodendron_ (Ehrh.) Medic.               pear h.
    _collina_ Chapm.                            sandhill h.
    _crus-galli_ L.                             cockspur h.
    _mollis_ (T. & G.) Scheele                  downy h.
    _succulenta_ Link                           fleshy h.
    _viridis_ L.                                green h.
  _Cytisus_ L.                                broom
  _Diospyros virginiana_ L.                   common persimmon
  _Elaeagnus angustifolia_ L.                 russianolive
  _Euonymus_ L.                               euonymus
    _americanus_ L.                             brook e.
    _atropurpureus_ Jacq.                       eastern wahoo
  _Eurotia lanata_ (Pursh) Moq.               winterfat
  _Fraxinus_ L.                               ash
    _americana_ L.                              white a.
    _pennsylvanica_ Marsh var. _pennsylvanica_  red a.
    _pennsylvanica_ Marsh var. _subintegerrima_
        (Vahl) Fern. [var. _lanceolata_
        (Borkh.) Sarg.]                         green a.
    _quadrangulata_ Michx.                      blue a.
  _Ginkgo biloba_ L.                          ginkgo
  _Gleditsia triacanthos_ L.                  common honeylocust
  _Gutierrezia sarothrae_ (Pursh) Britt. &
        Rusby (including _G. diversifolia_
        Greene, & _G. linearis_ Rydb.)        broom snakeweed
  _Gymnocladus dioica_ (L.) K. Koch           Kentucky coffeetree
  _Ilex decidua_ Walt.                        holly
  _Juglans_ L.                                walnut
    _cinerea_ L.                                butternut
    _nigra_ L.                                  black w.
  _Juniperus virginiana_ L.                   redcedar; juniper
  _Lespedeza bicolor_ Turcz.                  shrub lespedeza
  _Lonicera dioica_ L. var. _glaucescens_
        (Rydb.) Butters (_L. glaucescens_
        Rydb.)                                honeysuckle
  _Lycium halimifolium_ Mill.                 matrimonyvine
  _Maclura pomifera_ (Rat) Schneid.           osageorange
  _Mahonia aquifolium_ (Pursh) Nutt.
        (_Berberis a._ Pursh, _Odostemon
        a._ of manuals)                       oregongrape
  _Malus_ (see _Pyrus_)
  _Morus_ L.                                  mulberry
    _alba_ L.                                   white m.
    _nigra_ L.                                  black m.
    _rubra_ L.                                  red m.
  _Odostemon_ (see _Mahonia_)
  _Ostrya virginiana_ (Mill.) K. Koch         American hophornbeam
  _Parthenocissus_ Planch.                    creeper
    _quinquefolia_ (L.) Planch.                 Virginia c.
    _vitacea_ (Knerr) Hitchc.                   thicket c.
  _Platanus occidentalis_ L.                  sycamore
  _Populus_ L.                                cottonwood; poplar
    _alba_ L.                                   white p.
    _deltoides_ Marsh.                          eastern c.
    _sargentii_ Dode                            plains c.
  _Prosopis juliflora_ (Swartz) DC.
        (_P. chilensis_ of manuals, including
        _P. glandulosa_ Torr. & _P. velutina_
        Woot.)                                mesquite
  _Prunus_ L.                                 plum; cherry
    _americana_ Marsh. var. _americana_         American p.
    _americana_ Marsh. var. _lanata_ Sudw.
        (_P. lanata_ Mackenz. & Bush)           inch p.
    _angustifolia_ Marsh.                       chickasaw p.
    _besseyi_ Bailey                            sand c.
    _gracilis_ Engelm. & Gray                   Oklahoma p.
    _hortulana_ Bailey                          hortulan p.
    _mexicana_ S. Wats.                         Mexican p.
    _munsoniana_ Wight & Hedr.                  wildgoose p.
    _serotina_ Ehrh.                            black c.
    _virginiana_ L.                             common chokecherry
  _Ptelea trifoliata_ L.                      common hoptree
  _Pyrus_ L. (including _Malus_ Mill.)        apple; crabapple
    _angustifolia_ Ait.                         southern c.
    _communis_ L.                               pear
    _coronaria_ L.                              wild sweet c.
    _ioensis_ (Wood) Bailey                     prairie c.
    _malus_ L. (_Malus pumila_ Mill.)           common a.
  _Quercus_ L.                                oak
    _alba_ L.                                   white o.
    _imbricaria_ Michx.                         shingle o.
    _macrocarpa_ Michx.                         bur o.
    _marilandica_ Muenchh.                      blackjack o.
    _muchlenbergii_ Engelm. [_Q. prinoides_
        Willd. var. _acuminata_ (Michx.) Gl.]   chinquapin o.
    _palustris_ Muenchh.                        pin o.
    _prinoides_ Willd.                          dwarf chinquapin o.
    _rubra_ L. var. _rubra_ (_Q. borealis_
        Michx. f. var. _maxima_ Ashe)           eastern red o.
    _rubra_ L. var. _borealis_ (Michx. f.)
        Farw. (_Q. borealis_ Michx. f.)         northern red o.
    _shumardii_ Buckl. var. _shumardii_         shumard o.
    _shumardii_ Buckl. var. _schneckii_
        (Britt.) Sarg.                          schneck o.
    _stellata_ Wang.                            post o.
    _velutina_ Lam.                             black o.
    _X hillii_ Trel. (_Q. bicolor_ Willd. _X
        Q. macrocarpa_ Michx.)                  hills o.
  _Rhamnus lanceolata_ Pursh                  lanceleaf buckthorn
  _Rhus_ L.                                   sumac
    _aromatica_ Ait. (including _R.
        trilobata_ Nutt.)                       aromatic s.
    _copallina_ L.                              flameleaf s.
    _glabra_ L.                                 smooth s.
    _radicans_ L. (_R. toxicodendron_ of
        manuals, in part, not L.)[48]           poisonivy
  _Ribes_ L.                                  gooseberry; currant
    _missouriense_ Nutt.                        Missouri g.
    _odoratum_ Wendland f.                      flowering c.
  _Robinia_ L.                                locust
    _pseudo-acacia_ L.                          black l.
    _viscosa_ Vent.                             clammy l.
  _Rosa_ L.                                   rose
    _arkansana_ Porter var. _suffulta_ (Greene)
        Cockerell (_R. suffulta_ Greene)        Arkansas r.
    _blanda_ Ait.                               meadow r.
    _carolina_ L.                               carolina r.
    _multiflora_ Thunb.                         multiflora r.
    _rubifolia_ R. Br.                          redleaf r.
    _setigera_ Michx.                           prairie r.
    _woodsii_ Lindl.                            woods r.
  _Rubus_ L.                                  blackberry; dewberry;
                                              raspberry
    _flagellaris_ Willd.                        northern d.
    _laciniatus_ Willd.                         cutleaf b.
    _occidentalis_ L.                           blackcap r.
    _odoratus_ L.                               fragrant thimbleberry
    _ostryifolius_ Rydb.                        highbrush b.
  _Salix_ L.                                  willow
    _amygdaloides_ Anderss.                     almondleaf w.
    _babylonica_ L.                             weeping w.
    _caroliniana_ Michx. (_S. longipes_
        Shuttlew.,_S. wardi_ Bebb)              coastalplain w.
    _discolor_ Muhl.                            pussy w.
    _eriocephala_ Michx. (_S. missouriensis_
        Bebb)                                   diamond w.
    _exigua_ Nutt.                              coyote w.
    _fragilis_ L.                               brittle w.
    _humilis_ Marsh. var. _microphylla_,
        (Anderss.) Fern. (_S. tristis_ Ait.)    dwarf pussy w.
    _humilis_ Marsh. var. _humilis_, & var.
      _hyporhysa_ Fern. [These two include var.]
      _rigidiuscula_ (Anderss.) Robins. & Fern. prairie w.
    _interior_ Rowlee                           sandbar w.
    _nigra_ Marsh.                              black w.
    _rigida_ Muhl. (_S. cordata_ Muhl.,
        not Michx.)                             heartleaf w.
  _Sambucus canadensis_ L.                    American elderberry
  _Sapindas drummondi_ H. & A.                western soapberry
  _Sarcobatus vermiculatus_ (Hook.) Torr.     greasewood
  _Sassafras albidum_ (Nutt.) Nees            common sassafras
  _Sorbus aucuparia_ L.                       European mountainash
  _Staphylea trifolia_ L.                     American bladdernut
  _Symphoricarpos_ Duham.                     snowberry
    _occidentalis_ Hook.                        western s.
    _orbiculatus_ Moench                        buckbrush
  _Syringa vulgaris_ L.                       common lilac
  _Tamarix_ L.                                tamarisk
  _Tilia_ L.                                  linden; basswood[49]
    _americana_ L. (including _T. palmeri_
        Bush ex. F. C. Gates)                   American l.
    _europaea_ L.                               European l.
    _platyphyllos_ Scop.                        bigleaf l.
  _Ulmus_ L.                                  elm
    _alata_ Michx.                              winged e.
    _americana_ L.                              American e.
    _carpinifolia_ Gleditsch.                   smoothleaf e.
    _parvifolia_ Jacq.                          Chinese e.
    _procera_ Salisb.                           English e.
    _pumila_ L.                                 Siberian e.
    _rubra_ Muhl. (_U. fulva_ Michx.)           slippery e.
    _thomasi_ Sarg.                             rock e.
  _Viburnum_ L.                               viburnum
    _prunifolium_ L.                            blackhaw v.
    _rufidulum_ Raf.                            rusty blackhaw v.
  _Vitis_ L.                                  wild grape
  _Wisteria macrostachya_ Nutt.               wisteria
  _Xanthoxylum americanum_ Mill.              common pricklyash
  _Yucca glauca_ Nutt.                        small soapweed


     FOOTNOTES:

     [47] Hazel in many texts.

     [48] _R. radicans_ is an extremely variable species.

     [49] Basswood, a lumber trade name.




                  LIST OF SPECIES NAMES IN COMMON USE
                       AND THEIR ENGLISH MEANING

  acaulis             stemless
  acicularis          needle-like
  acuminatus          long-pointed, tapering
  aestivalis          summer
  affinis             related to
  agrostoides         similar to agrostis
  airoides            sky-blue
  alatus              winged
  alba                white
  albidus, albus      white
  alopecuroides       foxtail
  alternifolius       alternate-leaved
  altissimus          very tall
  amabilis            lovely
  amplexicaulis       clasping the stem
  anceps              two-headed or edged
  angustifolius       narrow-leaved
  apiculatus          tipped with a point
  annua               yearly
  arachnifera         spiderwebby
  arborescens         tree-like
  arenarius           of sandy places
  arenicola           sand inhabitant
  argenteus           silvery
  argillaceus         of clay or clay-colored
  argutus             sharp-toothed
  arida               dry
  aridus              arid
  aristatus           bearded
  arundinacea         reed-bearing
  arundinaceous       reed-like
  arvensis            of cultivated fields
  asper               rough
  asperifolia         rough leaves
  atropurpureus       dark-purple
  atrovirens          dark-green
  aureus              golden
  australis           southern
  azureus             sky-blue
  baccatus            berried
  barbatus            barbed, bearded
  barbinodis          barbed at nodes
  barbulatum          bearded
  basirmea            branches low; toward bottom
  bicolor             two-colored
  bidentata           two-toothed
  bifidum             two-forked
  bifidus             twice-cut
  biflorus            two-flowered
  borealis            northern
  brachystachy        short-spiked
  bulbifera           bulb-bearing
  caeruleus           sky-blue, dark-blue
  campanularia        bell-flowered
  campestris          of the fields or plains
  candidus            white, shining
  canescens           gray-hairy
  capillaris          hair-like
  capitatus           headed
  carinatus           keeled
  catharticus         cathartic
  caudatus            tailed
  cernuus             drooping
  chloranthus         green-flowered
  ciliatifolium       hairy leaves
  cilianensis         hairy
  ciliaris, ciliatus  fringed
  cinereus            ash-colored
  circulare           round
  clandestinus        concealed
  coccineus           scarled
  colonum             cultivated
  comatus             with hair
  communis            gregarious
  commutatus          changing
  comosus             long-haired
  compressa           compressed
  compressus          compressed
  confertus           crowded
  confusus            confused, uncertain
  contortus           contorted
  contracta           narrowed
  cordatus            heart-shaped
  corniculatus        horned
  crassifolius        thick-leaved
  cristatus           crested
  crus-galli          cockspur
  cryptandrus         hidden stamens
  cucullata           hooded pedicel
  cuneatus            wedge-shaped
  curtipedicellata    short pedicel
  curtipendula        short pendula
  cuspidata           sharp, pointed
  dactyloides         finger-shaped
  dactylon            finger
  debilis             weak
  decumbens           reclining
  deflexus            bent downward
  deltoides           triangular
  depauperatum        stunted
  dichotoma           forked in pairs
  dichotomiflorum     flowering in twos
  diffusa             loosely branching
  dilatatum           dilated, expanded
  discolor            different colors
  distichum           2-rank; leaves or flowers in rank on opposites
                        sides of stem
  divaricata          spreading, widely divergent
  donax               reed or cane
  dubia               doubtful
  dulcis              sweet
  dumosus             bushy
  echinatus           prickly
  edulis              edible
  elatior             taller
  elatus              tall
  elongata            lengthened
  erectum             upright
  eriopoda            having hairs at base
  esculentus          edible
  everta              expelled, turned out
  extensa             spread out or stretched out
  falcatus            sickle-shaped
  fasciculatus        fascicled
  filiformis          long, very slender, thread-like
  fistulosis          hollow, cylindrical
  flabellatus         fan-like parts
  flavescens          yellowish
  flavus              yellow
  flexilis            pliant
  flexuosa            alternately bent in different directions
  floridanum          flowering or from Florida
  fragilis            brittle, fragile
  fragrans            fragrant, odorous
  frondosus           leafy
  frutescens          shrubby, bushy
  furcatus            forked
  geminatum           double
  geniculata          bent more or less like a knee
  geniculatus         jointed
  glaber              smooth
  glabriflorus        smooth flower
  glomerata           dense or compact cluster or clusters
  gracilis            slender
  gramineus           grassy
  hastatus            spear-shaped
  heterolepsis        heterogeneous scales
  heterophyllus       various-leaved; with leaves of more than one shape
  hiomalis            pertaining to winter
  hians               spread out
  hirsuta             bristly or prickly
  hirta               hairy
  hispidus            bristly
  hortensis           of or belonging to a garden
  humilis             dwarf
  hyemalis            of winter
  hystrix             bristly
  incanus             hoary
  indentata           toothed, indented
  indurata            hardened
  inermis             unarmed
  intermedium         intermediate
  interruptis         not continuous, irregular
  jubatum             crested, with a mane
  junceus             rush-like
  labiatus            lipped
  laeve               left hand
  laevigatus          smooth
  laevis              smooth
  lanatus             wooly
  lanosa              wooly
  lanuginosum         wooly, downy
  lanuginosus         wooly
  lasiocarpus         rough- or wooly-fruited
  latifolia           broad leaf
  latiglumis          wide glumes
  laxa                loose
  leucanthus          white-flowered
  leucotricha         white hairs
  linearifolum        long, slender leaves
  longispica          long-spiked
  longpipes           long-footed
  lutescens           yellowish or becoming yellow
  macranthus          large-flowered
  macrocarpus         large fruits
  macrophyllus        large-leaved
  macrus              large
  maculatus           spotted
  malacophyllum       soft leaves
  maritimus           of the sea
  micranthus          small-flowered
  microcarpon         small-fruited
  miliaceum           pertaining to millet
  mirabilis           wonderful
  mollis              soft
  monspeliensis       lives in caves and mountains
  montanus            of mountains
  multiflorum         many-flowered
  muralis             of walls
  murinum             mouse-colored
  mutabile            changeable
  mutabilis           variable
  mutica              curtailed
  nanus               dwarf
  natans              floating
  neglectus           overlooked
  nemoralis           of groves or woods
  nitens              shining
  nudicaulis          naked-stemmed
  nutans              nodding
  obtusata            blunt, rounded
  obtusum             blunted, dull
  occidentale         western
  octoflora           8-flowered
  officinalis         official
  olignathus          few-flowered
  orientalis          eastern
  ornatus             adorned
  ovinus              of sheep
  palustris           marsh-loving
  paniculatus         in panicles
  parviflora          small-flowered
  parvifolius         small-leaved
  patens              spreading
  patula              spreading
  pauciflorus         few-flowered
  pectinatus          comb-like
  perennans           perennial
  phleoides           resembling timothy
  pilifera            bearing hairs
  pilosa              with long hairs
  polyanthes          many-flowered
  polyanthus          many-flowered
  pracocius           aggressive
  pratense            of meadows
  pubens              downy
  pubescens           downy, covered with soft hairs
  pubiflorum          downy-flowered
  pulchellus          pretty, beautiful
  pumila              dwarf
  pumilus             dwarf
  purpurascens        purplish
  purpurea            purple
  pusillum            very small
  ramosissima         many-branched
  ramosus             branched
  repens              creeping
  reptans             creeping
  retroflexus         reflaxed
  regodoseta          stiff bristles
  robustus            robust, stout
  rupestris           rock-loving
  rostratus           rostrate, beaked
  rugosa              wrinkled
  saccharinus         saccharine
  saccaroides         sweet; like sugar
  salinus             salty
  sanguilalis         blood-colored
  sanguineus          blood-red
  sativa              cultivated
  sativus             cultivated
  scandens            climbing
  sciurea             resembling squirrel’s tail
  scoparius           broom-like
  secundiflora        one-sided
  septentrionalis     northern
  sericea             silken
  serotinus           late-flowering
  sessilispicata      without pedicel
  setaceus            bristle-like
  sobolifera          bearing creeping, rooting stems or shoots
  speciosus           showy, good-looking
  spectabilis         spectacular, worth seeing
  sphaerocarpon       round-fruited
  squarrosa           with parts spreading or recurved at ends
  sterilis            sterile, infertile
  stramineum          straw-colored
  strictus            strict, upright, erect
  tectorum            of roofs, or houses
  temulentum          drunken
  tenarum             slender, tender, soft
  tenarius            slender
  tener               slender
  tenuiflora          slender flowers
  tenuis              slender, thin
  tinctorius          of dyes
  tomentosus          densely wooly
  trichodes           pilose
  tridens             with 3 teeth
  trifidus            three-parted
  trunicata           blunt
  uncinatus           hooked
  vaginaeflorus       flowers in sheath
  vaginatus           sheathed
  vernalis            vernal
  vernis              of spring
  versuta             versatile
  verticellata        in whorls
  villosa             hairy
  villosissimum       hairy
  villosus            hairy
  virens              green
  viridis             green
  virgatus            twiggy
  vulgaris            common




Transcriber’s Note:


Words and phrases in italics are surrounded by underscores, _like
this_. Those in bold are surrounded by equal signs, =like this=.
Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and were moved to the end of
the section in which the anchor occurs. Footnotes [9], [11], [18],
[19], [22], and [32] have multiple anchors. Obvious printing errors,
such as backwards, upside down, or partially printed letters and
punctuation, were corrected. Letters in reversed order and several
italics mark-ups were corrected. Final stops missing at the end of
abbreviations were added.

Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent
hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged unless
indicated below. Obsolete and alternative spellings were left
unchanged. Misspelled words were not corrected. In the lists of common
names, names are often run together, as in climbingmilkweed and
rattlesnakefern; these were not changed.

The following was changed: “small-loaved” to “small-leaved.”