ARIZONA GHOST TRAILS

  by

  Richard J. Hinton


  1969

  Frontier Book Co., Publisher

  Fort Davis, Texas 79734

  From

  The Handbook To Arizona

  c1877

  Limited to 1000 copies

Summary of Mining Laws, Federal, Territorial, and Local; Desert and
Timber Lands; Homestead and Pre-emption Rights; Spanish and Railroad
Grants. Land Offices. Officers of the Territory. Legislation on
Irrigation. Artesian Wells, Mining, Etc. Routes, Distances, and
Fares from and to all the Principal Points east and west, and in the
Territory. Altitude of Important Points. Meteorological Tables. Mineral
Springs. Southern Pacific Railroad Lands, Etc.

       *       *       *       *       *

Before the passage of the Act of 1866, by Congress, the ownership of
the mineral lands was retained by the nation. The first discussion of
the policy of selling such lands began in 1850, the argument being to
make them a source of revenue. The policy of leaving the mineral land
open for private exploration and development prevailed, and remained
the rule until 1866. The uncertainty of titles, etc., was urged in
1865-6, as reason for a change. Under legislation preceding that date,
no title could be or was conferred to mining claims, beyond possessory
rights, maintained by working and payment of a small royalty. Citizens
of the United States might explore and occupy under regulations as
prescribed by law. In the absence of congressional enactment, local
legislation was authorized to provide necessary rules; the local
customs and district rules not in conflict with the United States laws
were also recognized. The law was, in reality, a license only to go
upon the mineral-bearing portions of the public domain. Ownership,
however, attached to the minerals extracted, and the government had no
claim to them, except so far as royalty or license fees were concerned.


The Act of 1872

Is not compulsory upon miners. They are not obliged to procure a United
States patent for their claims. Those who do not, hold exactly the same
relations that they did before its passage, provided no adverse claim
is interposed. The Revised Statutes of the United States, Sections
2,318 to 2,352, of Title “Mineral Lands”; also, “Miscellaneous”
provisions ditto, embracing Sections 910, 2,238, 2,258, 2,386 and
2,406, provide that for


Quartz Mines

Any person who is a citizen of the United States, or who has declared
his intention to become a citizen, and no others, may locate and hold
a mining claim 1,500 linear feet along the course of any mineral
vein or lode subject to location; or any association of persons,
severally qualified as above, may make joint location of such claim of
1,500 feet; but in no event can a location of a vein or lode, made
subsequent to the date mentioned, exceed 1,500 feet along the course
thereof, whatever may be the number of persons in the company.

With regard to the extent of surface ground adjoining a lode or vein,
and claimed for the convenient working of the same, it is provided that
the lateral extent of location, made after May 10th, 1872, shall, in
no case, exceed 300 feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the
surface, and that no such surface rights shall be limited by any mining
regulations to less than 25 feet on each side of the middle of the vein
at the surface, except where adverse rights, existing on the 10th of
May, 1872, may render such limitations necessary; the end lines of such
claims to be in all cases parallel with each other.

By the foregoing it will be seen that no lode-claim, located after May
10th, 1872, can exceed a parallelogram 1,500 feet in length by 600 in
width, but whether surface ground of that width can be taken depends
upon the local regulations, or State or Territorial laws then in force
in the mining districts; but no such local regulations, or State or
Territorial laws, shall limit a vein or lode-claim to less than 1,500
feet along its course, nor can surface rights be limited to less than
50 feet in width, unless adverse claims, existing on May 10th, 1872,
render such lateral limitations necessary. It is provided by the
Revised Statutes that the miners of each district may make rules and
regulations not in conflict with the laws of the United States, or of
the State or Territory in which the districts are situated, governing
the location, manner of recording, and amount of work necessary to hold
possession of a claim.

In order to hold a possessory right to a location made prior to May
10th, 1872, not less than $100 worth of labor must be performed or
improvements made thereon, within one year from the date of such
location, and annually thereafter; in default of which the claim
will be subject to re-location by any one else having the necessary
qualifications, unless the original locator, his heirs, assigns, or
legal representatives, have resumed work after such failure and before
the re-location. The expenditures required upon mining claims may be
made from the surface, or in running a tunnel for the development of
such claims. The Act of February 11th, 1875, provided that where a
person or company has run a tunnel for the purpose of developing a lode
or lodes, the money so expended shall be considered as expended on the
said lode, and the owner or owners shall not be required to perform
work on the surface to hold the claim.

Individual proof of citizenship may be made by affidavit. If a company,
unincorporated, by the agent’s affidavit; if a corporation, by the
filing of a copy of charter or certificate of incorporation. Locators
against whom no adverse rights rested on the date of the Act of 1872,
shall have, on compliance with general law and recognized custom, the
exclusive right to


Possession and Enjoyment

Of the surface inclosure, and of “all veins, lodes, and ledges
which lie under the top or apex of such lines, extended downward
vertically,” even though they in their descent extend outside the
“side-lines of such surface locations.” The right to such outside parts
of veins or ledges is confined to all that lies between “vertical
planes drawn downward,” as described, so continued that these planes
“will intersect” the exterior parts of the said “veins or ledges.”
The surface of another’s claim cannot be entered by the locator or
possessor of such lode or vein.


What Constitutes a Deposit.

The word “deposit” has always been construed by the Land Office to be
a general term, embracing veins, lodes, ledges, placers, and all other
forms in which the valuable metals have ever been discovered. Whatever
is recognized as a mineral by standard authorities, where the same
is found in quality and quantity sufficient to render the land sought
to be patented more valuable on this account than for purposes of
agriculture, is treated by the Land Office as coming within the meaning
of the act. Lands, therefore, valuable on account of borax, carbonate
of soda, nitrate of soda, sulphur, alum, and asphalt, it is held may
be patented. The first section of the Act of 1872 says, “all valuable
mineral deposits.” The sixth section uses the term “valuable deposits.”
Deposits of fire-clay may be patented under the act, and so may iron
deposits, which may be patented as vein or placer claims. Lands, more
valuable on account of deposits of limestone, marble, kaoline, and mica
than for purposes of agriculture, may be patented as mineral lands.


Miners’ Form of Notice.

We hereby give notice that we have this ---- day of ---- A. D., 187-,
located this, the (“Centennial”) lode. We claim 1,500 feet in and along
the vein, linear and horizontal measurement.

We claim 1,200 feet along the vein, running in a northwesterly
course from the discovery shaft, and 300 feet running along the vein
southeasterly from the discovery shaft. We also claim 150 feet on each
side of the vein from center of crevice as surface ground.


  W. ---- M. ----, } Locators.
  H. ---- C. ----. }

The Act of 1872 provides that no lode-claim can be recorded until
after the discovery of a vein or lode within the limits of the ground
claimed. The claimant should, therefore, prior to recording his
claim, unless the vein can be traced on the surface, sink a shaft, or
run a tunnel or drift to a sufficient depth therein to discover and
develop a mineral-bearing vein, lode or crevice; should determine, if
possible, the general course of such vein in the direction from the
point of discovery, in which direction he will be governed in making
the boundary of his claim on the surface; and should give the course
and direction as nearly as practicable from the discovery shaft on the
claim to some permanent, well-known points or objects, such as, for
instance, stone monuments, blazed trees, the confluence of streams,
etc., which may be in the immediate vicinity, and which will serve to
perpetuate and fix the locus of the claim, and render it susceptible
of identification from the description thereof given in the record of
location in the district. He should drive a post, or erect a monument
of stones at each corner of his surface ground, and at the point of
discovery or discovery shaft, should fix a post, stake or board, upon
which should be designated the name of the lode, the name or names of
the locators, the number of feet claimed, and in what direction from
the point of discovery; it being essential that the location notice
filed for record, in addition to the foregoing description, should
state whether the entire claim of fifteen hundred feet is taken on one
side of the point of discovery, or whether it is partly upon the other
side thereof; and in the latter case, how many feet are claimed upon
each side of such discovery point. The following diagram of surface
boundaries, etc., of a lode, will aid the locator in this work:

  [Illustration]
  Post.                           Post.                            Post.
  O---------------------------------O----------------------------------O
  |                                                                    |
  |                                    VEIN.                           |
  |......  † Location Stake.        ..........................         |
  |      \........................./                          \........|
  |        O Discovery Shaft.                                          |
  |                                                                    |
  O---------------------------------O----------------------------------O
  Post.                           Post.                            Post.

Parties locating a lode are entitled to all the dips, spurs, angles,
variations, and ledges of the lode coming within the surface ground.

The disordered condition of Arizona consequent on the Civil War and the
continued hostilities of the Apaches, so impeded mining enterprises,
compelling the abandonment of valuable mines and preventing full
compliance with the conditions of the preceding acts, from no lack of
diligence or skill on the part of miners, that some legislation seemed
to be necessary to protect them from the injustice which a strict
enforcement of the law would necessitate. The following acts were
accordingly passed and approved on the dates specified.

An act approved March 1st, 1873, amends Section 5 of the Act of 1872,
above referred to, so as to read as follows: “That the time for the
annual expenditure on claims located prior to the passage of said act,
shall be extended to the 10th day of June, 1874.”

An act approved June 6th, 1874, made a further extension to January
1st, 1875.

An act approved February 11th 1875, so amends Section 2324, Revised
Statutes, as to provide that where “a person or company has or may run
a tunnel for the purpose of developing a lode or lodes owned by said
person or company, the money so expended on said tunnel shall be taken
and considered as expended on said lode or lodes, whether located prior
to or since the passage of said act; and such person or company shall
not be required to perform work on the surface of said lode or lodes in
order to hold the same, as required by said act.”


Recording Location.

Within a reasonable time, after the location shall have been marked on
the ground, notice thereof, accurately describing the claim in manner
aforesaid, should be filed for record with the proper recorder of the
district, who will thereupon issue the usual certificate of location.
The district regulations or customs are followed in this regard. Within
ninety days after location, a location certificate must be filed in the
office of the Recorder, in the county in which the lode is situated,
which should be in the following form:

  TERRITORY OF ARIZONA,    } ss.
       County of ----      }

Know all Men by these Presents, That ---- the undersigned, ha---- this
---- day of ---- A. D. 1877, located and claimed, and by these presents
do locate and claim, by right of discovery and location, in compliance
with the Mining Acts of Congress, approved May 19th, A. D. 1872, and
all subsequent Acts, and with the local customs, laws and regulations,
---- feet, linear and horizontal measurement, on the ---- Lode, along
the vein thereof, with all its dips, angles and variations, together
with ---- feet on each side of the middle of said vein at the surface;
and all veins, lodes, ledges and surface ground within the lines of
said claim ---- feet, running ---- from center of discovery shaft. Said
discovery shaft being situate upon said lode, and within the lines of
said claim in ---- Mining District, county of ---- and Territory of
Arizona, and further described as follows:

  ______________________________________________________
  ______________________________________________________

  Said lode was located on the ---- day of ---- A. D. 1877.

                                                      -------- --------
                                                      -------- --------
  Attest:                                             -------- --------
  --------                                            -------- --------
  Date of certificate, ------------   A. D. 1877.


Labor and Expenditures.

In order to hold the possessory rights to a claim of 1,500 feet of a
vein or lode located as aforesaid, the Act requires that until a patent
shall have been issued therefor, not less than $100 worth of labor on
the basis adopted by the local mining regulations shall be performed,
or improvements made thereon, during each year; in default of which
the claim will be subject to re-location by any other party having
the necessary qualifications, unless the original locator, his heirs,
assigns or legal representatives have resumed work thereon after such
failure and before such re-location. The importance of attending to
these details in the matter of location, labor and expenditure will be
the more readily perceived, when it is understood that a failure to
give the subject proper attention, may invalidate the claim.


Adverse Claims.

The seventh section of the United States laws provides for adverse
claims; fixes the time within which they shall be filed to have legal
effect, and prescribes the manner of their adjustment. An adverse
mining claim must be filed with the register of the same land office
with whom the application for patent was filed, or in his absence,
with the receiver, and within the sixty days’ period of newspaper
publication of notice. It must be duly sworn to by the party or parties
filing the adverse claim, and not by an attorney, before a officer
authorized to administer oaths within the land-district, or before
the register or receiver; fully set forth the nature and extent of
the interference or conflict; whether the adverse party claims as a
purchaser for valuable consideration, or as a locator; if the former,
the original conveyance, or a duly certified copy thereof, should be
furnished; or if the transaction was a mere verbal one he will narrate
the circumstances attending the purchase, the date thereof, and the
amount paid, which facts should be supported by the affidavit of one
or more witnesses, if any were present at the time; and if he claims
as a locator, he must file a duly certified copy of the location from
the office of the proper recorder. It will be incumbent upon the
adverse claimant to file a plat showing his claim, and its relative
situation or position with the one against which he claims, so that the
extent of the conflict may be the better understood. This plat must
be made from an actual survey by a United States deputy surveyor, who
will officially certify thereon to its correctness; and in addition
there must be attached to such plat of survey a certificate or sworn
statement by the surveyor, as to the approximate value of the labor
performed or improvements made upon the claim of the adverse party, and
the plat must indicate the position of any shafts, tunnels, or other
improvements, if any such exist upon the claim of the party opposing
the application. Upon the foregoing being filed within the sixty days
as aforesaid, the register, or in his absence, the receiver, will give
notice in writing to both parties to the contest that such adverse
claim has been filed, informing them that the party who filed the
adverse claim will be required within thirty days from the date of such
filing to commence proceedings in a court of competent jurisdiction,
to determine the question of right of possession, and to prosecute the
same with reasonable diligence to final judgment; and that, should such
adverse claimant fail to do so, his adverse claim will be considered
waived, and the application for patent be allowed to proceed upon its
merits. When an adverse claim is filed as aforesaid, the register
or receiver will indorse upon the same the precise date of filing,
and preserve a record of the date of notifications issued thereon;
and thereafter all proceedings on the application for patent will be
suspended, with the exception of the completion of the publication and
posting of notices and plat, and the filing of the necessary proof
thereof, until the controversy shall have been adjudicated in court, or
the adverse claim waived or withdrawn.


Tunnels.

Tunnels run for the development of a vein or lode, or for the discovery
of mines, give the owner or owners the right of possession of all veins
or lodes within 3,000 feet from the face of the tunnel to the same
extent as if discovered from the surface, _i. e._, 1,500 feet on the
lode; and locations on the line of such tunnels of veins or lodes not
appearing on the surface, made by other parties after the commencement
of the tunnel, and while the same is being prosecuted with reasonable
diligence, shall be invalid; but failure to prosecute the work on
the tunnel for six months shall be considered an abandonment of the
right to all undiscovered veins or lodes on the line of said tunnel.
To avail themselves of the benefits of the law, the proprietors of a
mining tunnel will be required to give a proper notice of their tunnel
location, by erecting a substantial post, bound or monument at the
face or commencement thereof, upon which should be posted a good and
sufficient notice, giving the names of the party or parties claiming
the tunnel right, the actual or proposed course or direction, height
and width. At the time of posting notice and marking out the lines of
the tunnel, as aforesaid, a full and correct copy of such notice and
location must be filed for record with the mining recorder for the
district.


Placer Claims.

The laws of the United States provide, also, that no location of a
placer claim, made after July 9th, 1870, shall exceed 160 acres for any
one person or association of persons, which location shall conform to
the United States surveys. All placer claims located after May 10th,
1872, shall conform as nearly as practicable with the United States
system of public surveys, and no such location shall include more than
20 acres for each individual claimant.

These provisions of the law are construed by the commissioner of the
General Land Office, to mean that after the 9th of July, 1870, no
location of placer claim can be made to exceed 160 acres, whatever may
be the number of locators associated together, or whatever the local
regulations of the district may allow; and that from and after May
10th, 1872, no location made by an individual can exceed 20 acres,
and no location made by an association of individuals can exceed 160
acres; which location cannot be made by a less number than eight _bona
fide_ locators; but whether _as much_ as 20 acres can be located by an
individual, or 160 acres by an association, depends entirely upon the
mining regulations in force in the respective districts at the date
of the location; it being held that such mining regulations are in
no way enlarged by the statutes, but remain intact and in full force
with regard to the size of locations, in so far as they do not permit
locations in excess of the limits fixed by Congress; but that when
such regulations permit locations in excess of the maximum fixed by
Congress, they are restricted accordingly. A local regulation is valid,
therefore, which provides that a placer claim, for instance, shall
not exceed 100 feet square. Congress requires no annual expenditures
on placer claims, leaving them subject to the local laws, rules,
regulations and customs.


District Mining Regulations.

The following will serve as a model for the framing of district laws.
They will vary a little in detail, according to the requirements of the
locality.


Bounds and Laws of ---- District.

By virtue of a notice duly signed and posted, on ---- 1877, a meeting
of miners was held at place of posting notice on the ---- inst., at
which place and time the ---- Mining District was formed. Mr. ----
---- acted as Chairman, and ---- ---- acted as Secretary.

Following are the laws passed to govern the district:

1. The mining district shall be called the ---- Mining District.

2. The district shall embrace the following described and bounded
territory: commencing at the easterly end of the ---- ---- Mine, and
running west of north along the eastern boundary of the ---- Mining
District to the western end of the ---- Mine, in the ---- Mining
District, ---- ---- Mountains.

3. The County Recorder of ---- County, by virtue of his office, shall
be, ex-officio, recorder of this district.

4. Chapter six, of title thirty-two, revised statutes of the United
States, is adopted as this article.

5. In the location of mines in this district, copies of the notices of
location must be placed on the mines before any legal record of the
same can be made by the recorder. Any location not so made shall be
null and void.

6. All location notices must be filed in the office of the recorder
within thirty days after the actual date of location.

7. The County Recorder shall be entitled to a fee of two dollars for
each and every notice recorded by him.

8. The records of ---- County are hereby adopted as the bona fide
records of this district.

9. The annual meeting of the voters of this district shall take place
and be holden on the first Monday in May in each year.

10. Ten days prior to the date of holding the annual meeting, the
Recorder shall place, or cause to be placed or posted, in three of the
most conspicuous places in said district, a notice stating the time
when, and the place where, said meeting shall be holden, and shall
designate in such notice that the meeting shall be holden for the
purpose of transacting all and every kind of business which may be
properly brought before it.

11. At each annual meeting, the voters of the district shall elect
their chairman and secretary, who shall hold office for one year, or
until their successors are appointed.

12. The chairman and secretary of this meeting shall hold office from
the ---- day of ---- for one year, or until their successors are
elected.

13. The secretary of each meeting shall keep full and complete records
of the minutes and proceedings of their respective meetings, and cause
the same to be placed on record in the office of the County Recorder.

14. These rules, regulations and by-laws shall not be altered, or in
any way changed, except at a regular annual meeting of the miners of
said district, and then only by a legal vote of two-thirds of all the
voters present and voting.

15. Any and all persons who are citizens of the United States of
America, or who have declared their intention to become such, and own
shares of stock or interests in any mine in the district, or who has
worked in any mine in the district for the twenty days preceding such
meeting, shall be considered a legal voter, and entitled to vote at a
miners’ meeting.

16. Five dollars per day shall be allowed for each and every eight
hours’ work performed upon a mine for the purpose of holding title,
or performing the necessary amount of work for a patent, and no other
expenses shall be considered as expended for the purpose of holding or
perfecting title.

17. All mines hereafter located in this district shall be marked by
end and corner monuments or stakes, at least eighteen inches in height
above ground, with sufficient marks placed in or upon them to show
which end or corner of the claim they designate; if stakes are used,
they must be sunk at least six inches in the ground, and have a blaze
and figures upon one side.

18. All locations made and recorded previous to the adoption of these
rules, regulations and by-laws are hereby legalized, so far as they may
not conflict with the same.

19. These rules, regulations and by-laws shall be filed and recorded in
the office of the County Recorder of ---- County, and shall be in full
force and effect from and after this ---- day of ---- 1877.

20. The above proceedings, and the proceedings of any subsequent
meeting, shall be signed by the chairman and secretary, and transmitted
by them to the County Recorder without delay.

  [Signed.]
                                                ---- ---- Miner.
                                                ---- ---- Miner.
                                                ---- ---- Miner.
                                                ---- ----
                                                ---- ----

I certify that the foregoing is a correct statement of the proceedings
had, and of the laws adopted for the ---- Mining District, this ----
day of ---- 1877.

                  ---- ---- Secretary.


Water Rights.

The United States Revised Statutes provide:

1. That as a condition of sale in absence of legislation by Congress,
the legislature of a State or Territory may provide rules for working
mines, involving easements, drainage, and other necessary conditions;
these to be expressed in the patent.

2. That all prior rights, arising from possession, in the use of water,
and recognized by local laws, etc., or judicial decisions, shall be
regarded as vested, and shall be protected. This right of way is also
granted and confirmed. Damages are to accrue if a land-settler’s rights
are interfered with.

3. All land patents shall be subject to vested and accrued water
rights, including ditches and reservoirs.

Officers of United States Land Offices are required to file with the
General Land Office, the local laws on such matters. The following is a
summary of those passed by the legislature of Arizona.


Water Rights in the Territory.--All rivers, creeks, and streams
of running water in the Territory of Arizona are deemed public,
and applicable to the purposes of irrigation and mining. All the
inhabitants of the Territory who own or possess arable or irrigable
lands shall have the right to construct public or private acequias,
and obtain the necessary water for the same from any convenient river,
creek, or stream of running water.

All damages arising from construction of the acequias shall be assessed
by the Probate Judge of the county in a summary manner.

No inhabitant of the Territory shall have right to erect any dam or
build a mill, or place any machinery, or open any sluice, or make any
dyke, except such as are used for mining purposes, or the reduction of
metals, that may impede or obstruct irrigation.

When any ditch or acequia shall be taken out for agricultural purposes,
the person or persons so taking out such ditch or acequia shall have
the exclusive right to the water, or so much as may be necessary for
such purpose; and it at any time the water so required shall be taken
for mining purposes, the damages shall be assessed and paid.

All owners and proprietors of arable or irrigable land bordering on, or
irrigable by, any public acequia, shall labor on such public acequia,
whether such owners or proprietors cultivate the land or not; and all
persons interested in a public acequia, whether owners or lessees,
shall labor thereon in proportion to the amount of the land owned or
held by them, and which may be irrigated or subject to irrigation.

In all districts or precincts, the owners or proprietors of land
irrigated by public acequias are annually called together by the
Justices of the Peace, to elect one or more overseers for the
acequias--and it is the duty of said overseers to superintend the
opening, excavations and repairs of said acequias; to apportion the
number of laborers furnished by the owners and proprietors; to regulate
them according to the quantity of land to be irrigated by each one
from said acequia; to distribute and apportion the water in proportion
to the quantity to which each one is entitled according to the land
cultivated by him; and in making such apportionment, he shall take into
consideration the nature of the seed sown or planted, the crops and
plants cultivated; and to conduct and carry on such distribution with
justice and impartiality.

If any owner or proprietor of land irrigated by such acequia shall
neglect or refuse to furnish the number of laborers required by the
overseer, he shall be fined, and all fines shall be applied to the
benefit of said acequia.

Water privileges are, since the United States Act of May 10th, 1872,
located in the same manner as mines, subject to local regulations, i. e.
by definitely locating the five acres by monuments, and recording with
the District or County Recorder. If the local rules and decisions of
the Courts make the privilege forfeitable for non-use, another party
may come in and claim the water right.

The Federal Courts have decided that the right of way to construct
flumes or ditches, over the public lands, is unquestioned. It has
also been decided that the miners’ right to water, within “reasonable
limits,” is not to be questioned. “It must be exercised,” however,
with due regard to the general condition and needs of a community, and
cannot vest as an individual monopoly.


Mill Sites.

Land non-mineral in character, and not contiguous to the vein or lode,
used by the locator and proprietor for mining or milling purposes, can
be included in any application for patent, to an extent not to exceed
five acres, and subject to examination and payment as fixed for the
superficies of the lode. The owner of a quartz mill or reduction, not
a mine owner in connection therewith, may also receive a mill-site
patent. Such sites are located under the mining act, and in compliance
with local law and customs as recognized. Such possessory rights give
title also to all growing timber thereon. There must in every case be
given satisfactory proof of the non-mineral character of the site, and
the improvements thereon must be equal to $500 in value. A mill passes
to a railroad, if located after a land grant inured to the road.


Homestead and Pre-emption.


Homesteads.--Every head of a family, widow, single man or woman of the
age of twenty-one years, who is a citizen of the United States, or who
has declared his or her intention of becoming so, can enter upon 80
acres of government land within the limits of a railroad grant, or 160
acres outside said limits; and after a continuous residence upon it
and cultivation for five years, an absolute title to the land will be
given by the United States government, at a total cost of about $9 on
80 acres, or $18 on 160 acres.


Soldier’s Homestead.--Any soldier or sailor who served during the
rebellion not less than 90 days, and was honorably discharged, can
homestead 160 acres, either within or outside of the limits of a land
grant, and his term of service will be deducted from the five years’
residence required upon the land; but in any event he must reside one
year upon it. Thus, if he served three years, he would have to reside
upon the land two years; and in the event of his having served four or
five years, one year’s residence would be necessary.

A soldier or sailor has the privilege of filing application for
homestead upon the land through an agent or attorney, and need not for
six months commence actual settlement upon it. Absence from a homestead
at any time, for more than six months, works a forfeiture of right to
the land.


Pre-emptions.--Any person qualified under the homestead laws can
pre-empt 160 acres of government land within the limits of a railroad
grant, and after an actual residence upon and cultivation of the same
for at least six months, can obtain title by payment of $2.50 per acre,
or, if outside the limits, $1.25 per acre. It is imperative, however,
that the person so pre-empting shall (with his family, if any) reside
upon the land. The cultivation of a few acres is sufficient. The same
person, after having complied with the requirements of the laws of
pre-emption, can homestead 80 acres within the railroad grant, or 160
acres outside the limits. In this way, a soldier or sailor can secure
320 acres within the limits; and it is open to the _world at large_ for
_any_ man to acquire his 240 acres.


An Additional Homestead.--In addition to the Homestead and Pre-emption
laws, a recent act has been passed, whereby every settler, as the
fruits of his industry, can obtain another freehold of 160 acres under
the following act:

An Act to amend an Act entitled “An Act to encourage the growth of
timber on western prairies.”

“Any person who is the head of a family, or who shall have arrived at
the age of twenty-one years, and is a citizen of the United States,
or who shall have filed his declaration of intention to become such,
who shall plant, protect and keep in a healthy, growing condition for
eight years, 40 acres of timber, the trees thereon not being more than
twelve feet apart each way, on any quarter section of any of the public
lands of the United States, or 20 acres on any legal subdivision of 80
acres, or 10 acres on any legal subdivision of 40 acres, or one-fourth
part of any fractional subdivision of land less than 40 acres, shall
be entitled to a patent for the whole of said quarter section, or of
such legal subdivision of 80 or 40 acres or fractional subdivision of
less than 40 acres, as the case may be, at the expiration of the said
eight years, on making proof of such fact by not less than two credible
witnesses.”


How To Pre-empt.--When you have selected the land you wish for
pre-emption or homesteading under whatever right, it is better to get
a land attorney or clerk in the nearest land office to make out the
necessary papers. This saves time, and the danger of mistakes.


The Latest Regulations.--Commissioner Williamson, of the General Land
Office, has issued a circular to all registers and receivers throughout
the country, containing instructions requisite to carry into effect two
Acts of Congress, approved on the 3rd of April, relative to homestead
entries. The first provides a new method of making the final proof
in homestead entries. It dispenses with the present necessity of
attendance at the district land office. The person desiring to avail
himself thereof must appear with his witnesses before the judge of a
court of record of the county and State, or district and Territory in
which the land is situated, and there make the final proof required by
law according to the prescribed forms; which proof is required to be
transmitted by the judge or the clerk of the court, together with the
fee and charges allowed by law. The judge being absent in any case,
the proof may be made before the clerk of the proper court. The fact
of the absence of the judge must be certified in the papers by the
clerk acting in his place. If the land in any case is situated in an
unorganized county, the statute provides that the person may proceed
to make the proof in the manner indicated, in any adjacent county in
the State or Territory. The fact that the county in which the land
lies is unorganized, and that the county in which the proof is made
is adjacent thereto, must be certified by the officer. The other law
to which attention is invited by this circular is entitled “An Act
for the relief of settlers on the public lands under the pre-emption
laws.” Under this statute, a person desiring to change his claim under
a pre-emption filing to that of a homestead entry, should be required,
on making the change, to appear at the proper land office with his
witnesses, and show full compliance with the pre-emption law to the
date of such change, as has heretofore been required in transmutation
cases. Proof of such compliance must be forwarded with the entry
papers to this office. When the person applies to make final proof,
he must show continued residence and cultivation as required by the
homestead law. In case an adverse claim has attached to the land, due
notice in accordance with rules of practice must be given all persons
in interest, of time and place of submitting proof in support of the
application to make such change. The adverse claimants will be entitled
to the privilege of cross-questioning the applicants’ witnesses, and of
offering counter proof.

Lands formerly designated


As Mineral,

Can be entered by preëmption upon proof that mines or minerals are
not contained therein. Lands found, after entry as agricultural, to
contain valuable mineral deposits, such entry will be cancelled.
Where, however, a patent has issued, and the land has been afterwards
found to embrace a valuable deposit or lode, the title is valid, as
the land has ceased to be part of the public domain. Proof, however,
that the deposit, lode or mine was known before the patent issued
will invalidate title thereto. Titles to town sites and lots are held
subject, also, to mineral rights, which remain in the United States.

Under Act of 1876, it was permitted to any person, under the limit
of citizenship, or declaration of intent, to proceed upon the public
land, and occupy such area, to the extent of one section, or 640 acres,
which cannot be cultivated or used for agricultural purposes, with the
artificial conveying of water thereon and irrigation; three years being
given to construct the necessary works and improvements. The price of
such land is to be $1.25 per acre, one-fifth being required to be paid
at the time of location. In consequence of doubt as to the character
of land which this act was designed to embrace, and charges made of
fraudulent entries, further legislation will doubtless be had on this
subject.

Coal lands are allowed to be entered in legal subdivision parcels,
not to exceed 160 acres to any one person, or double that quantity
to an association; the price of the same to be $20 and $10 per acre,
according to whether or not the same be located within fifteen miles of
a completed railroad.

Rivers are deemed navigable only when they are used, or are susceptible
of being used, for commercial highways. The shores and soil under them
were reserved to the States respectively, and new States have the same
jurisdiction and sovereignty as old ones. The Land Office has never
permitted a complication of such rights by attempting or permitting the
sales of any portion of the beds of said rivers or streams.

Saline lands are not subject to homestead or preëmption entry. This
policy has been uniform since the beginning of our land system. The
Supreme Court has held uniformly that Congress has uniformly designed
to prevent the sale of saline deposits and springs. The existence of
such deposit or spring withdraws any quarter or other large portion of
a section from settlement and location.


United States Land Office Fees.

United States Land Office Registers and Receivers are permitted by law
to charge the following fees:

  Homestead or pre-emption declaratory statement                    $1.00
  On final certificate for each 160 acres                            5.00
       ”         ”           ”  320   ”                             10.00
       ”         ”           ”  section, or 640 acres               15.00
  Locations by States under grants, for each 160 acres               1.00
  For superintending public land sales                               5.00
  For acting on application for patent or adverse mineral claim      5.00
  For testimony either in mineral or agricultural land cases,
  taken in writing, for claimants, each 100 words                     .15

Under the laws of Arizona the County Recorders are authorized and
required to keep a record of all mines and mineral deposits that are
located. For this work they are entitled to receive for recording each
claim:

  Not to exceed one folio                                           $1.00
  For each additional folio                                           .20

It is also provided by act of territorial legislature, approved
November 9th, 1864, that persons in the military service of the United
States may locate mineral claims, all local or district regulations to
the contrary notwithstanding.

Under the Act of December 30th, 1865, in relation to placer mines and
mining, it is provided that in the county of Yuma, persons who in
locating placers shall place, for the purpose of mining thereon, a pump
or pumps with a capacity of 100 gallons per minute, may be entitled to
locate of placer land not to exceed 160 acres. This privilege is not to
include placer land which can be worked by water brought in ditches or
flumes.

Under Act of September 30th, 1867, it is provided that joint mining
claims may be segregated, when any of the owners thereof refuse or
fail to join in working them, after notices in the county or other
newspaper published nearest thereto, for the period of four weeks.
After such notice, the parties issuing may apply to the District Court;
notice is then posted conspicuously by the clerk, for requiring the
delinquents to appear within sixty days, and show why the prayer should
not be granted. At the end of this last period two commissioners may be
appointed, who choose a third; and they examine and report in writing.
A decree shall issue in accord with the report. Thirty days are allowed
for an appeal to the Supreme Court.

All grants of lands within the Territory, individual or corporate,
whether held under Mexican or United States titles, must be recorded in
the office of the County Recorder where situated. If not so entered,
they are declared null and void. It is provided also that settlers
shall be protected in the occupancy, use and improvement of 340 acres
of public lands.


=Arizona Mine Mills.=

Within the past few months there have been brought into Arizona the
following quartz mills, all of which are now being set up, or are
already in operation:

  Champion (steam drop)                   2 stamps
  Silver King                             5   ”
  Townsend & Co. (5 already up)          10   ”
  Peck (originally Black Warrior)        10   ”
  Signal                                 10   ”
  McCrackin                              20   ”
  Hackberry                              10   ”
  Walnut Grove (10?)                      5   ”
  Dean                                   10   ”
  Knowles (Empire Flat)                  10   ”
  Masterson’s, Turkey Creek               2   ”
  No. of stamps not mentioned.
                                         ---------
  Total                                  94 stamps

Of the mills which have been in operation since and before last spring,
we can recall the following:

  Ostrich (it may be 10)                  5 stamps
  Morrill & Ketchum                       6   ”
  Tidwell                                 3   ”
  Aztlan                                  5   ”
  Frederick’s                            10   ”
  Constancia (now Luke’s)                10   ”
  Mineral Park                            5   ”
  Crook                                   5   ”
  Greenwood                              10   ”
  Bill Smith’s                           10   ”
                                         ---------
  Total                                  60 stamps

                _Yuma Sentinel, October._




APPENDIX


Table Showing the Value of any Amount of Gold Dust, from 1 grain to 10
ounces, at $16 to $23 per ounce.

  |======================================================================
  |                               OUNCES.
  |-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  |     |$16.00 |$17.00 |$18.00 |$19.00 |$20.00 |$21.00 |$22.00 |$23.00 |
  | No. |per oz.|per oz.|per oz.|per oz.|per oz.|per oz.|per oz.|per oz.|
  |-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  |  1  |   16  |  17   |  18   |  19   |   20  |   21  |   22  |   23  |
  |  2  |   32  |  34   |  36   |  38   |   40  |   42  |   44  |   46  |
  |  3  |   48  |  51   |  54   |  57   |   60  |   63  |   66  |   69  |
  |  4  |   64  |  68   |  72   |  76   |   80  |   84  |   88  |   92  |
  |  5  |   80  |  85   |  90   |  95   |  100  |  105  |  110  |  115  |
  |  6  |   96  | 102   | 108   | 114   |  120  |  126  |  132  |  138  |
  |  7  |  112  | 119   | 126   | 133   |  140  |  147  |  154  |  161  |
  |  8  |  128  | 136   | 144   | 152   |  160  |  168  |  176  |  184  |
  |  9  |  144  | 153   | 162   | 171   |  180  |  189  |  198  |  207  |
  | 10  |  160  | 170   | 180   | 190   |  200  |  210  |  220  |  230  |
  |-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  |
  |                            PENNYWEIGHTS.
  |-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  |  1  |   80  |  85   |  90   |  95   |  100  |  105  |  110  |  115  |
  |  2  |  160  | 175   | 180   | 190   |  200  |  210  |  220  |  230  |
  |  3  |  240  | 255   | 270   | 285   |  300  |  315  |  330  |  345  |
  |  4  |  320  | 340   | 360   | 380   |  400  |  420  |  440  |  460  |
  |  5  |  400  | 425   | 450   | 475   |  500  |  525  |  550  |  575  |
  |  6  |  480  | 510   | 540   | 570   |  600  |  630  |  660  |  690  |
  |  7  |  560  | 595   | 630   | 665   |  700  |  735  |  770  |  805  |
  |  8  |  640  | 680   | 720   | 760   |  800  |  840  |  880  |  920  |
  |  9  |  720  | 765   | 810   | 855   |  900  |  945  |  990  | 1035  |
  | 10  |  800  | 850   | 900   | 950   | 1000  | 1050  | 1100  | 1150  |
  |-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  |
  |                              GRAINS.
  |-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  |  1  | 3⅓    | 3½    | 3¾    |   4   | 4⅙    | 4⅓    | 4½    | 4¾    |
  |  2  | 6⅔    | 7     | 7½    |   8   | 8⅓    | 8⅔    | 9     | 9½    |
  |  3  |10     |10½    |11¼    |  12   |12½    |13     |13½    |14¼    |
  |  4  |13⅓    |14     |15     |  16   |16⅔    |17⅓    |18     |19     |
  |  5  |16⅔    |17½    |18¾    |  20   |20⅚    |21⅔    |22½    |23¾    |
  |  6  |20     |21     |22½    |  24   |25     |26     |27     |28½    |
  |  7  |23⅓    |24½    |26¼    |  28   |29⅙    |30⅓    |31½    |33¼    |
  |  8  |26⅔    |28     |30     |  32   |33⅓    |34⅔    |36     |38     |
  |  9  |30     |31½    |33¾    |  36   |37½    |39     |40½    |42¾    |
  | 10  |33⅓    |35     |37½    |  40   |41⅔    |43⅓    |45     |47½    |
  |-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

Out of a ton of ore from the Stonewall Jackson Mine, adjoining the
General Lee, in the Globe District, (Arizona) there was extracted
October 25th, by the Pacific Refinery, San Francisco, ten bars of
silver valued at $3,800, which is over 36 per cent. metallic copper.

At Clinton, Arizona, the great copper mining center, the Longfellow
Company have two furnaces running, and turn out as high as 10,000
pounds of pig copper daily. The furnaces used are Bennett’s patent.
Arizona has, without doubt, the richest and most extensive copper mines
in the world. This metal is all shipped east by way of El Moro.

The Ores of Gold and Silver.

  =========================================================================
                   |
           NAME.   |                       COMPOSITION.
                   |
  -----------------+-------------------------------------------------------
  Native gold      | Gold; silver up to 40 per cent.; copper and iron.
  Quicksilver      | Mercury, with sometimes a little silver.
  Amalgam          | Silver, 26 to 35; mercury, 74 to 65.
  Arquerite        | Silver, 87; mercury, 13.
  Gold Amalgam     | Mercury, 58 to 61; silver, 0 to 5; gold, 38 to 42.
  Native silver    | Silver, alloyed with other metals.
  Bismuth          | Bismuth, 27; lead, 33; silver, 15; iron, 4;
                   |   copper, 1; sulphur, 16.
  Native copper    | Pure copper, with small quantity of silver through it.
  Tellurium        | Tellurium, with gold and iron, varying quantities.
  Antimony         | Antimony, containing at times silver, iron, or arsenic.
  Discrasite       | Antimony, 23; silver, 77.
  Silver glance    | Sulphur, 13; silver, 87.
  Naumannite       | Selenium, 27; silver, 73.
  Eucairite        | Selenium, 32; copper, 25; silver, 43.
  Hessite          | Tellurium, 37; silver, 63.
  Stromeyrite      | Sulphur, 16; silver, 53; copper, 31.
  Sylvanite        | Tellurium, 56; gold, 28; silver, 16.
  Nagyagite        | Tellurium, 13 to 32; lead, 51 to 61; gold, 6 to 9.
  Sternbergite     | Sulphur, 34; silver, 32; iron, 34.
  Miargyrite       | Sulphur, 21; antimony, 43; silver, 36.
  Pyrargyrite,     | Sulphur, 18; antimony, 23; silver, 59.
    or ruby silver |
  Proustite,       | Sulphur, 20; arsenic, 15; silver, 65.
    or ruby silver |
  Freieslebenite   | Sulphur, 19; antimony, 27; lead, 30; silver, 24
  Tetrahedrite,    | Sulphur, arsenic, antimony, silver, copper,
    or gray copper |   iron, zinc, and mercury, in most varying proportions.
  Polybasite       | Sulphur, 16; antimony, 13; silver, 71.
  Stephanite       | Sulphur, 16; antimony, 14; silver, 70.
  Xanthocone       | Sulphur, 21; arsenic, 15; silver, 64.
  Fireblende       | Sulphur, antimony, with silver, up to 62 per cent.
  Cerargyrite,     | Chlorine, 25; silver, 75.
    or horn silver |
  Embolite         | Chlorine, 13; bromine, 20; silver, 67.
  Megabromite      | Chlorine, 9; bromine, 27; silver, 64.
  Mikrobromite     | Chlorine, 18; bromine, 12; silver, 70.
  Bromyrite, or    | Bromine, 43: silver, 57.
    bromic silver  |
  Iodyrite, or     | Iodine, 54; silver, 46.
    iodic sliver   |
  Jalpaite         | Copper and silver glance.
  Acanthite        | Sulphuret of silver.
  Crookesite       | Copper, thallium, silver, and selenium.
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------

Charles P. Stanton, geologist, writes to the Prescott “Miner,” under
date of Nov. 9th, 1877, as follows: The great carboniferous basin of
Arizona--and in all probability of the world--exists within 140 miles
of Prescott. This immense coal deposit makes its first appearance
in Southwestern Colorado and Northwestern New Mexico; but its great
nucleus extends from Tierra Ausarilla, in Rio Arriba, New Mexico, to
the Colorado River, a distance of 276 miles, and from the San Juan
River, a distance of 138 miles. This immense area of 38,088 square
miles is one continuous mass of coal. It lies between the parallels of
100 and 112 west longitude, and 35 and 37 north latitude, and all in
Yavapai County.


Weight and Specific Gravity of the Common Minerals.

  ===========================================================================
                                              Specific  Weight of  Weight of
  NAME.                COMPOSITION.           gravity.  cubic inch cubic foot
                                                        (ounces).  (pounds).
  ----------------+----------------------------+------+----------+--------
  Gold, pure      |                            | 19.3 | 11.169   | 1,206.25
  Gold, native    |Gold, silver, copper, iron  | 17.5 | 10.128   | 1,093.75
  Silver, pure    |                            | 10.6 |  6.134   |   662.50
  Silver, native  |Silver and other metals     | 10.  |  5.787   |   625.00
  Copper, native  |Copper                      |  8.9 |  5.150   |   556.25
  Vitreous Copper |Sulphuret of copper, 21;    |      |          |
                  |copper, 79                  |  5.6 |  3.298   |   350.00
  Copper pyrites  |Sulphur, 35; copper, 35;    |      |          |
                  |iron, 30                    |  4.2 |  2.430   |   262.50
  Red copper      |Copper, 89; oxygen, 11      |  5.9 |  3.414   |   368.75
  Gray copper     |Sulphur, arsenic, antimony, |      |          |
                  |silver, copper, iron, zinc, |      |          |
                  |and mercury in most varying |      |          |
                  |proportions                 |  4.8 |   2.777  |   300.00
  Malachite       |Carbonic acid, 20; oxide of |      |          |
                  |copper, 72; water, 8        |  3.8 |   2.199  |   237.50
  Tin oxide       |Oxygen, 22; tin, 78         |  6.7 |   3.877  |   418.75
  Tin pyrites     |Tin, 27; copper, 30;        |      |          |
                  |iron, 13; sulphur, 29       |  4.4 |   2.546  |   275.00
  Lead, pure      |                            | 11.4 |   6.597  |   712.50
  Galena          |Sulphur, 13; lead, 87       |  7.5 |   4.340  |   468.75
  Carb. of lead   |Carbonic acid, 16; oxide of |      |          |
                  |lead, 84                    |  6.4 |   3.715  |   400.00
  Zinc            |                            |  7.0 |   4.051  |   437.50
  Red oxide       |Zinc, 80; oxygen, 19; oxide |      |          |
    of zinc       |  of manganese              |  5.4 |   3.125  |   337.50
  Antimony        |                            |  6.8 |   3.935  |   425.00
  Gray oxide      |Sulphur, 29; antimony, 71   |  4.5 |   2.025  |   281.25
    of antimony   |                            |      |          |
  Nickel          |                            |  8.4 |   4.861  |   525.00
  Arsenical nickel|Arsenic, 56; nickel, 44     |  7.5 |   4.340  |   468.75
  Sulphuret       |Nickel, sulphur, arsenic    |  6.2 |   3.588  |   387.50
  Cobalt pyrites  |Cobalt, 58; sulphur         |  5.0 |   2.893  |   312.50
  Iron, cast      |                            |  7.2 |   4.166  |   450.00
  Iron, wrought   |                            |  7.78|   4.496  |   486.25
  Iron pyrites    |Sulphur, 53; iron, 47       |  4.9 |   2.835  |   306.25
  Magnetic iron   |Oxygen, 28; iron, 72        |  5.1 |   2.951  |   318.75
  Arsenical iron  |Arsenic, 46; sulphur, 20;   |      |          |
                  |iron, 34                    |  5.7 |   3.298  |   356.25
  Specular iron   |Oxygen, 30; iron, 70        |  4.9 |   2.835  |   306.25
  Hematite        |Oxide of iron, 86; water, 14|  4.0 |   2.314  |   250.00
  Uranium, or     |Oxygen, 15; uranium, 85     |  7.0 |   4.051  |   437.50
    pitch-blende  |                            |      |          |
  Baryta or       |                            |  4.0 |   2.314  |   250.00
    heavy spar    |                            |      |          |
  Lime rock       |                            |  3.0 |   1.736  |   187.50
  Calc spar       |                            |  2.7 |   1.562  |   168.75
  Fluor spar      |                            |  3.15|   1.822  |   196.87
  Quartz          |                            |  2.69|   1.673  |   167.452
  Granite         |                            |  2.78|   1.608  |   173.75
  ----------------+----------------------------+------+----------+-----------

Note.--A vein of ore one inch thick, six feet long, and six feet high,
will measure three cubic feet; two inches, six cubic feet, and so on
in proportion, allowing three cubic feet for every inch of ore in the
lode, six feet high and six feet long.


Excellent Advice to the Emigrant Traveler

Is given by the California Immigrant Union, No. 248 Montgomery Street,
San Francisco, which, if heeded, will be of service:

1. Buy your tickets for passage on railroad or steamboat, only at the
office, before starting. Many of the runners who offer tickets for sale
in the streets are swindlers. If you intend to go in a steamer or ship,
examine the vessel before getting your ticket, and engage a particular
berth or room in a part of the vessel that is clean, well ventilated
and just comfortably warm.

2. Never show your money nor let any stranger know that you have any.
Thieves prefer to rob emigrants, who generally carry money with them,
and cannot stop to prosecute them, and have no acquaintances to aid in
the prosecution. Do not mention the fact that you are an emigrant to
persons who have no business to know it.

3. Never carry any large sum of money with you; you can always buy
drafts at banks, and if you are going to a strange place you can give
your photograph to the banker to forward to your destination, so that
you can be identified without trouble when you want to draw your money.

4. Avoid those strangers who claim to be old acquaintances, and whom
you do not recollect. A certain class of thieves claim the acquaintance
of ignorant countrymen whom they want to rob.

5. Do not drink at the solicitation of strangers; the first point of
the thief is to intoxicate or drug his victim.

6. Do not play cards for money with strangers; in many cases they
confederate to rob emigrants.

7. Travel in company with old friends, if possible, and do not leave
them. Thieves prefer to take their victims one at a time.

8. If you see anybody pick up a full pocket-book, and he offers it to
you for a small sum; or if you see some men playing cards, and you
are requested to bet on some point where it seems certain that you
must win; or it you see an auctioneer selling a fine gold watch for
five dollars, don’t let them catch you. Emigrants are systematically
swindled by such tricks.

9. If, when you arrive in a strange town, you want information and
advice, you can always get it by applying at the right place. First,
apply at the office of the Immigration Society, if there is one. If
you are a foreigner, you will probably find in the large cities a
Consular office or a benevolent society of your countrymen, and you can
apply there. Usually, there are attentive and polite men at the police
office. Public officers generally in the United States are ready to
assist and advise strangers.

10. Before starting from home, carefully read all the accessible books
about the State or Territory to which you intend to go; and when you
arrive, go to some place where you can find old friends, if you have
any. If you are poor, commence work immediately, but do not be in a
hurry to buy land, unless with the approval of men whom you can trust.
Take a month or two to get information about the country. Advice about
the purchase of land is often given with corrupt motives.

       *       *       *       *       *

White Mountain Reservation.--The boundaries of the reservation to be as
follows, as shown in red on the accompanying map: Starting at the point
of intersection of the boundary between New Mexico and Arizona with the
south edge of the Black Mesa, and following the southern edge of the
Black Mesa to a point due north of Sombrero or Plumoso Butte; then due
south to said Sombrero or Plumoso Butte; then in the direction of the
Picache Colorado to the crest of the Apache Mountains, following said
crest down the Salt River to Pinal Creek, and then up the Pinal Creek
to the top of the Pinal Mountains; then following the crest of the
Pinal range, “the Cordilleras de la Gila,” the “Almagra Mountains,” and
other mountains bordering the north bank of the Gila River to the New
Mexican boundary, near Steeple Rock; then following said boundary north
to its intersection with the south edge of the Black Mesa, the starting
point.


=Southern Pacific Railroad.=

Regular and Special Rates in U. S. Gold Coin for the “Loop Route.”


  ===========================================================================
         Between        |      |  San  |       |       |      |       |
       SAN FRANCISCO    | New- | Buena-| Santa |  Los  |  San |       |
            and         | hall.|Ventura|Barbara|Angeles| Diego| Colton| Yuma
  -----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---
  Distances             | 438 M| 488 M | 518 M | 470 M | 606 M| 528 M | 720 M
  -----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---
  (1) Unlimited First   |$25.85|$30.85 |$33.85 |$28.00 |$38.00|$31.00 |$50.00
        Class           |      |       |       |       |      |       |
  (2) Unlimited First   |      |       |       |       |      |       |
        Class including |      |       |       | 65.00 |      |       |
        Yosemite|       |      |       |       |      |       |
  (3) Limited First     | 20.00| 24.00 | 27.00 | 20.00 | 30.00| 23.00 | 42.00
        Class           |      |       |       |       |      |       |
  (4) Limited Third     | 10.00| 15.00 | 18.00 | 10.00 | 20.00| 13.00 | 32.00
        Class           |      |       |       |       |      |       |
  -----------------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+----

(1) Allows stop-over privileges, at pleasure, upon notifying Conductors.

(2) Includes the Tourists’ Trip from Merced to Yosemite and Return.

(3) Limited to a continuous trip between San Francisco and Los Angeles.

(4) Limited to a continuous trip between San Francisco and Los Angeles,
on Third Class Trains.

  T. H. GOODMAN,
  General Pass. & Ticket Agent.


Eastern Railroad Rates.

               FIRST-CLASS.
  _From_              _Denver or Colorado Springs._
  St. Louis to            $50.00
  Chicago to               65.00
  Cincinnati to            65.00
  Quincy to                49.00
  Kansas City to           45.00
  Atchison to              45.00

                EMIGRANT RATES.
  _From_                  _Denver_
                        _and Pueblo._      _La Veta._
  New York to               $31.55
  St. Louis to               22.00          $25.00
  Cincinnati to              30.00           33.00
  Quincy to                  22.40           25.40
  Chicago to                 29.40           32.40
  Toledo to                  34.40           37.40
  Indianapolis to            29.00           32.00
  Kansas City to          }  20.00           24.00
  Atchison to             }


FREIGHT RATES.

Household goods, trees and shrubbery, farm implements, wagons, stock,
old mining tools, etc., emigrant’s account only, from Kansas City to
Denver, Colorado Springs, and Pueblo, $100 per car; less than car
loads, $1 per 100 lbs. To El Moro, $130 per car; less than car loads,
$1.30 per 100 lbs.


FROM MISSOURI RIVER TO COLORADO, EN ROUTE TO ARIZONA.

_First-Class Fare._--Atchison or Kansas City to Pueblo, Colorado
Springs, and Denver, $35; Veta, $38; Cañon City, $36.25.

_Second-Class Fare._--From Kansas City, Atchison, Topeka, and Lawrence
to Pueblo and Denver, $30; Veta, $33.75; Cañon City, $32; El Moro, $35;
Del Norte, $51.75; Lake City, $67.75; Santa Fé, $75.

From Kansas City, Atchison, Topeka, and Lawrence to West Las Animas,
$26.

_Emigrant Rates._--From Kansas City, Atchison, Topeka, and Lawrence to
West Las Animas, La Junta, Pueblo, and Denver, $20; Veta, $24; Cañon
City, $22.50; El Moro, $25.50; Del Norte, $42.50: Lake City, $58; Santa
Fé, $65.50.

_Distance to Santa Fé, New Mexico._--From Atchison or Kansas City
to Trinidad, Col., 707 miles by rail; from Trinidad, by stage, to
Cimarron, 74 miles; to Fort Union, 14 miles; to Las Végas, 139 miles;
and to Santa Fé, 214 miles; making the total distance from Atchison or
Kansas City 923 miles--707 miles by rail and 216 by stage. From Santa
Fé to Mesilla, 180 miles by stage; to Silver City, from the same,
385 miles. At this point, connection is made by the Southern Pacific
mail stages either for El Paso and the Texas routes, via Mesilla, or
northward, by way of Santa Fé and as above, to the Colorado and Kansas
railroads.


FARES FROM SAN FRANCISCO.

_By Coast Steamer._--San Pedro or Santa Monica--cabin, $14; steerage,
$9, including berth and meals; time about 45 hours to Santa Monica;
leave San Francisco every two or three days, at 9 A. M. San Francisco
to San Diego--cabin, $15; steerage, $10; San Pedro to Los Angeles, 50
cents; Santa Monica to Los Angeles, $1.

Los Angeles to Yuma, $23, railroad; Los Angeles to Dos Palmas, $13.10,
railroad; Dos Palmas to Ehrenberg, stage, $20; Los Angeles to Colton,
$3; Colton to Yuma, $19; Colton to Dos Palmas, $10.10. Sleeping berths,
(two nights) $5. Yuma to Ehrenberg, steamer--cabin, $15; deck, $10. San
Francisco to Ehrenberg, (by steamer, cabin, to Santa Monica; thence
railroad to Dos Palmas, and stage to Ehrenberg) $48.10. Same points,
by railroad to Yuma and steamboat thence, $65; or by railroad to Dos
Palmas and stage thence, $55.10.

_Stage Fares._--Tucson to Altar, Sonora, $10; to Hermosillo, Sonora,
$20. Leave Tucson every Monday noon; return Saturdays, 10 A. M.

_Express Matter._--On 25 pounds and over, to Altar, four cents per
pound; to Hermosillo, eight cents per pound.

The fare to and from Prescott to Los Angeles, San Francisco,
Sacramento, or San José, by California and Arizona stage to Dos Palmas,
and thence by rail, is as follows:

  To Los Angeles                                   $61.25
  To San José                                       86.75
  To San Francisco                                  86.75
  To Sacramento                                     86.75

The person holding a ticket has the privilege of stopping over in Los
Angeles or other points on the railroad for a reasonable length of time.


Schedule Time by Overland Stage from Yuma, leaving San Francisco by
               Southern Pacific R. R. thereto

  ===========================================================================
  _Time._ |_Arrives._|                ||_Time._ |_Arrives._|
  --------+---------+---------------------------+----------+-----------------
  2nd day | 1 P. M. | Gila City    Ar.|| 7th day| 11 A. M. | Silver City N. M.
  3rd  ”  | 9 A. M. | Stanwix        ”|| 8th  ” |  12 M.   | Mesilla       ”
  3rd  ”  | 7 P. M. | Gila Bend      ”|| 8th  ” |  1 P. M. | Las Cruces    ”
  4th  ”  | 5 A. M. | Maricopa Wells ”|| 9th  ” |  1 A. M. | El Paso      Tex.
  4th  ”  |10 A. M. | Phœnix         ”||11th  ” |  12 MN.  | Fort Davis    ”
  4th  ”  | 3 P. M. | Florence       ”||12th  ” |  1 A. M. | Fort Stockton ”
  4th  ”  | 5 P. M. | Camp McDowell  ”||13th  ” |  2 A. M. | Fort Concho   ”
  5th  ”  | 6 A. M. | Tucson         ”||14th  ” | 11 P. M. | Fort Worth    ”
  6th  ”  | 6 A. M. | Camp Grant     ”||14th  ” | 11 P. M. | San Antonio   ”
  6th  ”  |11 A. M. | Camp Bowie     ”||14th  ” | 11 P. M. | Austin        ”
  --------+---------+-----------------++--------+----------+-----------------


United States Military Telegraph--California, Arizona and New Mexico
Divisions.

                         TABLE OF DISTANCES.
  _Stations._                                       _Miles._
  San Diego, Cal.                                          0
  Campo, Cal.                                             43
  Yuma, A. T.                                            173
  Stanwix, A. T.                                         269
  Maricopa Wells, A. T.                                  364
  Florence, A. T.                                        410
  Tucson, A. T.                                          473
  Tres Alamos, A. T.                                     519
  Camp Grant, A. T.                                      572
  Camp Bowie, A. T.                                      617
                           PRESCOTT BRANCH.
  Phœnix, A. T.                                          382
  Wickenburg, A. T.                                      432
  Prescott, A. T.                                        487
  Camp Verde, A. T.                                      523
                            APACHE BRANCH.
  Camp Grant                                             572
  Camp Goodwin                                           612
  Camp Apache                                            697
  Ralston, New Mexico                                    663
  Silver City, New Mexico                                712
  Fort Bayard, New Mexico                                721
  Fort Cummings, New Mexico                              760
  Mesilla, New Mexico                                    811
  Los Cruces, New Mexico                                 813
  Fort Selden, New Mexico                                831
  Fort McRae, New Mexico                                 880
  Fort Craig, New Mexico                                 922
  Albuquerque, New Mexico                              1,033
  Bernalillo, New Mexico                               1,051
  Santa Fé, New Mexico                                 1,097




ITINERARY.

    STAGE, MILITARY, AND MINE ROADS, STATIONS, TOWNS, AND MILITARY
    POSTS. WATER, WOOD, GRASS, ETC., EN ROUTE. COMPILED FROM THE
    BEST MILITARY AND OTHER AUTHORITIES.


Yuma, A. T., to Mesilla, N. M.--Overland Road and Stations of the S. P.
O. M. S. Line.

                                                   _Miles._
  Yuma, A. T.[*]
  Desconso                                          14   14
  Gila City                                          8   22
  Rattlesnake                                        7   29
  Mission Camp (1)                                   3   32
  Filibuster                                        12   44
  Antelope Peak                                      6   50
  Mohawk (2)                                        16   66
  Teamster’s Camp (3)                               20   86
  Stanwix[*]                                        20   96
  Burke’s (4)                                       12  108
  Oatman Flat (5)                                   10  118
  Gila Bend (6)                                     30  148
  Maricopa Wells[*] (7)                             43  191
  Pima Villages (8)                                 12  203
  Sweet Water.                                       7  209
  Sacaton.                                           6  215
  Montezuma.                                        10  225
  Sanford (9)                                        8  233
  Florence[*] (10)                                   4  237
  Desert Wells                                      36  273
  Point of Mountain                                  9  282
  Water Holes                                        9  291
  Tucson[*] (11)                                     9  300
  Cienega (12)                                      30  330
  Tres Alimos (13)                                  20  350
  Steel’s Ranch (14)                                40  390
  Apache Pass[*] (Camp Bowie) (15)                  35  425
  Ralston, New Mexico                               50  475
  Knight’s Ranch, New Mexico                        25  500
  Silver City,        ”     (16)                    25  525
  Fort Bayard,        ”                             10  535
  Rio Membres,        ”                             40  565
  Fort Cummings[*]    ”                             20  585
  Slocum’s,           ”                             30  615
  Mesilla,   ”     (17)                    15  645

[*] Telegraph Offices.

At all stations, wood, water, and grass, or other feed, are to be
found. At most of them, a small store is also kept. Meals and lodgings
can be obtained. (1) At Mission Camp, there is a road south and west,
to the old Papago country, via Cabaza Prieto. (2) From Mohawk is a
road due south to the same region. (3) Five miles east of Teamster
Camp is a route south to the Ajo Copper Mines, and then southwest
to Sonora. (4) At Burke’s is a road south to the same point. (5) At
Painted Rock, north of and near this station, a road to Phœnix comes
in. (6) Near Gila Bend, a road diverges south, through the old Papago
country, to old mines and deserted Indian villages. (7) At Maricopa
Wells, roads north and south diverge direct to Tucson, the Papagonia,
to Phœnix, Camps McDowell, Verde, and Apache. (8) At Pima Villages,
a road diverges north, passing through the Maricopa village (Indians,
800). There are 5,000 Pima Indians, living in ten large and several
small villages, between this station and Montezuma. There is also a
road directly south from Pima. (9) Road south to Desert Wells. (10)
From Florence, regular stages leave for Silver City, Pioneer District;
Globe City, Globe District; San Carlos, and Camp Apache; also, to
Hayden, East Phœnix, Phœnix, Wickenburg, and Prescott. There is a
direct road to old Camp Grant, east, and thence to the San Pablo Valley
and Arivipa settlements. (11) At Tucson, the highway to Mexico, via the
valley of the Santa Cruz, diverges west. Stages leave for Guaymas. (12)
Near Cienega, a road diverges to Davidson’s, the Santa Rita placers,
old Camps Crittenden and Wallen, the Pategonias, and the old Presidio
San Pedro (U. S. Camp Huachuca). (13) At Tres Alimos, there is a road
north and up the San Pedro Valley to San Carlos, the Globe District,
and Camp Apache. (14) There are roads north and south at this point
to Camp Grant and the old Chiricahua Reservation, now abandoned, and
thence, by trails, etc., to Sulphur Springs Valley, Dragoon Mountains,
etc. (15) There is a road north direct to Safford, on the Gila. (16)
Stages here for the most southerly station, via Santa Fé, on the
Denver & Rio Grande N. G. R. R.; thence east, via Colorado and Kansas
railroads. (17) At Mesilla, the overland stages connect with branch to
El Paso, Fort Worth, etc., Texas.


Distances Between Stations, commencing at Dos Palmas, on S. P. R. R.,
and thence over Lines of Cal. and Arizona Stage Co.

                                                           _Miles._
  Dos Palmas west to   Canyon Springs                        15
  Canyon Sp’gs    ”    Chuckawalla                           36   51
  Chuckawalla     ”    Mule Springs                          18   69
  Mule Springs    ”    Willows                               29   98
  Willows         ”    Ehrenberg (1)                         11  109
  Ehrenberg       ”    Tyson’s Wells (2)                     22  131
  Tyson’s Wells   ”    Desert Well (3)                       28  159
  Desert Well     ”    Mungia Well                           17  176
  Mungia Well     ”    Cullings Well (4)                     15  191
  Cullings Well   ”    Point Mountain                        25  216
  Point Mountain  ”    Wickenburg (5)                        20  236
  Wickenburg north to  Partridge City                        17  253
  Partridge City  ”    Antelope Valley                       10  26
  Antelope Val’y  ”    Dixon                                 17  280
  Dixon           ”    Prescott (6)                          17  297
  Wickenburg south to  Smith’s Mills (7)                     15
  Smith’s Mills   ”    Agua Fria                             28   43
  Agua Fria       ”    Phœnix (8)                            22   65
  Phœnix       ”    Hayden Ferry                              9   74
  Hayden Ferry    ”    House’s Well                          20   94
  House’s Well    ”    Florence                              20  114
  Florence        ”    Tucson (overland stage)               63  277

(1) Ehrenberg is a steamboat landing of importance. Roads north to La
Paz, the Colorado Reservation Camp and Agency, and south to Eureka and
Castle Dome district. (2) A road branches here southward to Castle
Dome landing, and the mines in that district. (3) At this station mine
roads diverge to the Harcuvar District and mines; an extensive stock
range is found within five miles. (4) At Cullings, the road forks,
the right-hand branch going to Wickenburg, and the other striking
more northerly, via Date Creek, to Prescott. (5) At this point roads
diverge south to Phœnix and Florence, to the Vulture Mine, to Agua
Fria and Cave Creek mines, east and north to Prescott, and northeast
to adjacent mining districts. (6) At Prescott, roads diverge to Camp
Verde and valley, with its growing settlements, to Alexandria, and
other mining towns and camps; north to the Black Hills and Forest, and
to the San Francisco Mountain; northwest to Mineral Park and vicinity,
and almost due west to Aubry and Hardyville landings. Also east, via
Camp Verde, across the Plateau to Fort Wingate, New Mexico, and thence
to the present southern terminus of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad.
(7) At Smith’s Mill, south of Wickenburg, a road east diverges to Camp
McDowell. (8) At Phœnix, roads diverge southward, one crossing to and
following the Hassayampa Creek to the Gila, others eastward, up the
Salt River valley, to Marysville and Camp McDowell, while other roads
strike south, direct to Maricopa Wells, the mail stage line diverging
in a southeast direction to Florence.


Military Routes.

Numbers 1-9 include all the Routes north of the Gila River; Numbers
14-25 include all the routes south of the Gila River in Arizona, and
the Routes from San Diego to Fort Yuma; Numbers 26-31 include the
Routes from Arizona into New Mexico and Sonora, from Fort Whipple, A.
T., to Fort Wingate, New Mexico, and the Routes from Camp Pinal and
Camp Apache.

☞ When there is more than one route, the distance on the
usual route is marked with an Asterisk (*). There is a difference of
ten per cent. less, as a rule, on the roads and routes surveyed by
the military authorities, as compared with those given by the stage
companies and mail contractors.


  _No._            _Route._                                      _Distance._
    1  Camp Mojave to Willow Grove                                    79.78
    2  Camp Willow Grove to Fort Whipple (Prescott)                   84.88
    3  Fort Whipple to Camp Verde                                     38.59
    4  Fort Whipple to Date Creek                                     59.65
    5  Ehrenberg to Camp Colorado (Indian Reservation)                45.50
    6  Ehrenberg to Date Creek                                     {*130.32
                                                                   { 137.17
    7  Ehrenberg to Wickenburg, A. T.                                131.32
    8  Camp Colorado to Date Creek                                 {*175.82
                                                                   {  84.00
    9  Date Creek to Camp McDowell                                 {*109.83
                                                                   { 126.18
   10  Date Creek to Maricopa Wells                                  101.05
   11  Wickenburg to Fort Whipple, (Prescott) via trail               55.00
   12  Wickenburg to Camp McDowell, via trail                         65.00
   13  Camp McDowell to Fort Whipple (Prescott)                      109.85
   14  Camp McDowell to Camp Reno                                     33.00
   15  Camp Reno to Camp Verde                                        90.00
   16  Camp McDowell to Maricopa Wells                                44.81
   17  Camp McDowell to Camp Grant                                   106.17
   18  San Diego to Fort Yuma, Cal.                                {*191.61
                                                                   { 229.05
   19  Fort Yuma, Cal., to Maricopa Wells (Yuma)                     176.73
   20  Maricopa Wells to Camp Grant                                   90.78
   21  Camp Grant to Camp Goodwin                                    153.46
   22  Camp Grant to Camp Bowie                                      135.34
   23  Maricopa Wells to Tucson (Camp Lowell)                         98.01
   24  Camp Grant to Tucson (Camp Lowell)                             52.08
   25  Tucson (Camp Lowell) to Camp Goodwin                          149.85
   26  Tucson (Camp Lowell) to Camp Bowie                            105.36
   27  Tucson (Camp Lowell) to Camp Crittenden (east of Santa Rita) {*50.78
                                                                    { 87.36
   28  Camp Crittenden to Camp Bowie                                  97.55
   29  Camp Bowie to Camp Goodwin                                   {*88.00
                                                                    { 99.00
   30  Camp Bowie, A. T., to Fort Cummings                           114.00
   31  Tucson (Camp Lowell) A. T., to Guaymas, Mexico                350.78
   32  Camp Wallen, (abandoned) A. T., to Guaymas, Mexico            317.50
   33  Tucson, (Camp Lowell) A. T., to La Libertad, Mexico         {*225.23
                                                                   { 226.97
   34  Tucson, (Camp Lowell) A. T., to Lobos, Mexico                 213.64
   35  Camp Pinal to Tucson (Camp Lowell)                            114.63
   36  Camp Pinal to Fort Whipple                                    243.97
   37  Camp Pinal to Camp Grant                                       87.65
   38  Camp Apache to Tucson (Camp Lowell)                           221.85
   39  Camp Apache to Maricopa Wells                                 316.24
   40  Camp Apache to Fort Whipple                                   268.00
   41  Fort Whipple (Prescott) to Fort Wingate, N. M.                285.76


From Yuma.

  =========================================================================
                        |      |
  _To_                  |Miles.|  _Route_
  ----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------
  Camp Pinal, disused   |  260 |Via Florence, on the Overland Road.
  Camp Apache           |  497 |Via both Tucson and via Camp
  Camp Bowie            |  380 |  Grant, 494 miles.
  Camp Colorado, disused|  195 |Via Ehrenberg and then by river road, 45
                        |      |  miles.
  Camp Colorado,    ”   |  215 |Via river steamer.
  Camp Crittenden,  ”   |  326 |Via Maricopa Wells, Tucson and Davidson’s
                        |      |  Springs.
  Date Creek,       ”   |  278 |Via Ehrenberg or via Camp
  Camp Goodwin,     ”   |  425 |  Colorado.
  Camp Grant            |  268 |Via Maricopa Wells and Florence or Tucson.
  Tucson                |  275 |Via direct from Maricopa, by stage road 300
                        |      |  miles.
  Camp McDowell         |  222 |Via overland road to Maricopa Wells.
  Camp Mojave           |  503 |By river steamer.
  Camp Reno, disused    |  255 |Via Camp Verde.
  Camp Verde            |  377 |Via overland road to Maricopa Wells, and
                        |      |  thence via Phœnix and Camp McDowell.
  Prescott              |  338 |Via Oatman Flat and Wickenberg.
  Ehrenberg             |  140 |By river steamer.
  Maricopa Wells        |  177 |By regular stage route, 191 miles.
  La Paz                |  130 |By river steamer.
  Guaymas, Mexico       |  620 |Via Tucson.
  La Libertad, Mexico   |  500 |Via Tucson.
  Lobos, Mexico         |  489 |
  Tubac                 |  321 |Via Maricopa Weils direct to Tucson,
  Castle Dome Mills     |   12 |  regular stage route 346 ms.
        ”     Mines     |   22 |
        ”     Landing   |   22 |By river steamer.
  Sonora Line           |   50 |    ”      ”
  Eureka                |      |    ”      ”
  Landing               |      |    ”      ”
  Aubry                 |      |    ”      ”
  Hardyville            |      |    ”      ”
  Callville             |      |    ”      ”
  ----------------------+------+------------------------------------------


From Prescott.

  =========================================================================
  _To_                   |_Miles._|  _To_                         |_Miles._
  -----------------------+--------+-------------------------------+------
  Camp Pinal, disused    | 244    | Camp Toll Gate, disused       |  39
  Camp Apache            | 481    | Camp Verde                    |  39
  Camp Bowie             | 364    | Fort Cummings, N. M.          | 478
  Camp Colorado, disused | 236    | Fort Yuma, Cal. (Yuma, A. T.) | 338
  Camp Crittenden,  ”    | 310    | Ehrenberg, A. T.              | 190
  Camp Date Creek,  ”    |  60    | Maricopa Wells                | 161
  Camp Goodwin,     ”    | 409    | Guaymas, Mexico               | 610
  Camp Grant, A. T.      | 252    | La Libertad, Mexico           | 484
  Camp Lowell, (Tucson)  | 259    | Lobos, Mexico                 | 473
  Camp McDowell          | 170    | San Diego, Cal.               | 530
  Camp Mojave            | 165    | Tubac                         | 305
  Camp Reno, disused     | 203    | Fort Wingate, N. M.           | 286
  -----------------------+--------+-------------------------------+------


Camp Mojave to Willow Grove, A. T.

  =========================================================================
                          |          |          |
         _To_             | _Miles._ | _Miles._ |  _Description._
                          |          |          |
  ------------------------+----------+----------+--------------------------
  Hardyville              |     6    |     6    |Village; sandy road.
  Alexander’s Camp        |     2    |     8    |Water and wood; no grass.
  First Water, Union Pass |    11    |    20    |Water; grass scarce; no
                          |          |          |  wood; no camping ground.
  Union Pass (Spring)     |     1    |    21    |Water; no wood or grass;
                          |          |          |  road up hill; no camping
                          |          |          |  ground.
  Coyote Spring           |    16    |    38    |Water; grass scarce; wood.
  Beale’s Spring          |     1    |    39    |Another spring ½ mile
                          |          |          |  beyond; very good water.
  Hualpais Spring         |    14    |    54    |Half a mile to right of
                          |          |          |  road; water bad; good
                          |          |          |  grass.
  Tanks                   |    12    |    67    |Filled with sand; no water
                          |          |          |  or wood.
  Cottonwood              |     7    |    75    |Water, grass and wood.
  Willow Grove            |     4    |    81    |With the fractions added.
  ------------------------+----------+----------+--------------------------

1½ miles beyond Beale’s Spring, where road crosses Sandy Wash, there is
permanent and good water; ¼ mile to right of road, in the Wash, grass
abundant; good camping ground. Wood near by, ¾ mile to left of road. Up
the Wash are large bodies of good water.

3 miles before reaching Hualpais Spring, just after crossing Big Wash,
good permanent water; grass and wood 1½ miles to right of road; good
road nearly to the water. In coming from Willow Grove to Camp Mojave,
in order to reach this camping ground turn to left 2 miles after
leaving Hualpais Spring. Important camping ground, used by trains.


Willow Grove to Prescott, A. T.

  ==========================================================================
                        |          |          |
      _To_              | _Miles._ | _Miles._ |  _Description._
                        |          |          |
  ----------------------+----------+----------+----------------------------
  Fort Rock             |     9    |     9    |Ranch. Water, grass and
                        |          |          |  wood. Road generally good.
  Camp near Muddy Cañon |    11    |    20    |Water in cañon 300 yards to
                        |          |          |  right of road; wood
                        |          |          |  abundant; road good.
  Anvil Rock            |     4    |    24    |Water and grass.
  Oaks and Willows      |     9    |    33    |Water, grass and wood. Road
                        |          |          |  generally good.
  Old Toll Gate         |     9    |    43    |Abandoned. Road hilly,
                        |          |          |  otherwise good.
  Roblett’s (Ranch)     |     2    |    45    |Water, grass and wood.
  Toll Gate (Ranch)  }  |          |          |Water and wood abundant. Road
  Camp Hualpai       }  |     1    |    46    |  as above.
  Williamson’s Valley   |    15    |    62    |Water and grass; no wood. Road
                        |          |          |  excellent.
  Lee’s Ranch           |    13    |    75    |Water, grass and wood. Road
                        |          |          |  excellent.
  Prescott              |    11    |    86    |Road excellent.
  ----------------------+----------+--- ------+--------------------------

Three miles beyond Camp near Muddy Cañon is an old government camping
ground, with water all the year; wood and grass abundant. New road
forks to the left, one mile beyond Camp. Two miles further is the Camp
opposite the above mentioned water, one-fourth mile to right of road.
Present camping ground well marked.

This new road intersects old road one mile before reaching Anvil
Rock; is smooth, and avoids the rocky hills on the old road, now very
difficult for loaded teams. Both roads are boggy in winter.


Prescott (Fort Whipple) to Camp Verde, A. T. Route 1.

  =========================================================================
                    |        |        |
         _To_       |_Miles._|_Miles._|  _Description._
                    |        |        |
  ------------------+--------+----------+----------------------------------
  [1]Lurty’s Ranch  |   11   |   11   |Water and grass; wood scarce. Good
                    |        |        |  road.
  Ash Creek         |    9   |   21   |Water permanent; grazing tolerably
                    |        |        |  fair; wood scarce.
  Cienega           |    7   |   28   |Water permanent; grazing excellent;
                    |        |        |  wood close by spring.
  Summit Grief Hill |    4   |   32   |Water to right of road one mile
                    |        |        |  before reaching Summit except in
                    |        |        |  dry season; grazing good; wood
                    |        |        |  plenty.
  Camp Verde        |    5   |   38   |Road good; first mile steep descent.
  ------------------+---==---+--------+------------------------------------

[1] The road forking to the right at this place leads to Agua Fria
Ranch, distance 4 miles; from Agua Fria Ranch to Ash Creek by a direct
road the distance is 7.80 miles.

The direct road from Lurty’s cannot be used for supply trains, which
all go by Bower’s Ranch, making the distance from Fort Whipple to Camp
Verde 40.67 miles.


Prescott, (Fort Whipple) to Camp Verde, A. T. Route 2.

  =======================================================================
                           |        |        |
      _To_                 |_Miles._|_Miles._|  _Description._
                           |        |        |
  -------------------------+--------+--------+---------------------------
  Lurty’s Ranch            |   14   |   14   |Via “Point of Rocks.” Water
                           |        |        |  and grass; wood scarce;
                           |        |        |  road good.
  New Road to Camp McDowell|    6   |   20   |
  Ash Creek                |    2   |   23   |Water permanent; grazing
                           |        |        |  fair; wood scarce.
  Government Saw Mill      |    6   |   30   |
  Camp Verde               |   16   |   46   |Good road.
  -------------------------+--------+--------+----------------------------
Captain Foster, Assistant Quartermaster, reported this road in 1874 as
the only practicable one for loaded wagons, between Fort Whipple and
Camp Verde.


Prescott to Date Creek, A. T.

  =========================================================================
                  |          |          |
         _To_     | _Miles._ | _Miles._ |  _Description._
                  |          |          |
  ----------------+----------+----------+----------------------------------
  Lee’s Ranch     |    11    |    11    |Water, grass and wood. Right-hand
                  |          |          |  road to Camp Mojave.
  Tonto Spring    |     9    |   20.60  |Water to right of road ¼ mile
                  |          |          |  distant. Good camping ground.
  Dickson’s Ranch |    10    |   30.60  |Water, grass and wood. Road good.
  Ehle’s Ranch    |     3    |   34.10  |Water, grass and grain. Road good.
                  |          |          |  Mail station; good stabling.
  Uncle Rob’s     |     5    |   39.79  |Water, grass and grain.
  Jones’ Camp     |     3    |   42.79  |Water, part of year; grass good.
                  |          |          |  Road bad and dangerous.
  Willow Spring   |     4    |   47.71  |Water ¼ mile to left of road;
                  |          |          |  grass good; wood scarce.
  Soldiers’ Holes |     6    |   53.71  |Water in rainy season.
  Date Creek      |     5    |   60.00  |Road mostly good.
  ----------------|----------|----------|----------------------------------

By a rough trail from Fort Whipple over Granite Mountains to Ehle’s
Ranch (Skull Valley) the distance is estimated at eighteen miles. There
is another trail leading over this range entering Skull Valley at its
upper end, (Dickson’s Ranch) three and one-half miles from Ehle’s.
This trail is three or four miles longer than the other, but is not so
rough. In winter the short trail (so-called) is often obstructed by
snow. These trails are used by the “Mail Carrier.”


Camp Apache to Prescott, A. T.

  =========================================================================
                              |        |        |
      _To_                    |_Miles._|_Miles._|  _Description._
                              |        |        |
  ----------------------------+--------+--------+------------------------
  Tank                        |   18   |   18   |
  Spring                      |    5   |   23   |
  Forks of Road               |    8   |   31   |Right fork to Zuni, N. M.
  Jo. N.’s Camp               |   18   |   49   |
  Silver Spring               |    4   |   53   |
  Stoneman’s Camp             |    8   |   61   |
  Shevelon’s fork of Colorado |    7   |   68   |After crossing, take
                              |        |        |  right fork  of road.
  Crossing of Little Colorado |   28   |   96   |
  Sunset Crossing             |   33   |  129   |
  Tank                        |   18   |  147   |
  Jo. N.’s Camp               |   20   |  167   |
  Sante Spring                |    8   |  175   |
  Stoneman’s Lake             |   13   |  188   |
  Beaver Creek                |   18   |  206   |
  Camp Verde                  |   18   |  224   |
  Prescott                    |   44   |  268   |
  ----------------------------+--------+--------+------------------------


Dos Palmas (S. P. R. R.) to Ehrenberg, A. T.

  =========================================================================
                              |        |        |
         _To_                 |_Miles._|_Miles._|  _Description._
                              |        |        |
  ----------------------------+--------+--------+------------------------
  [1]Dos Palmas (S. P. R. R.) |        |        |
  Cañon Springs               |   11   |  190   |Water and wood; little
                              |        |        |  grass. Good road.
  Chuc-a-walla (Station)      |   34   |  224   |Water and wood. Good road.
  Laguna                      |   30   |  254   |Water and wood; little
                              |        |        |  grass; heavy sand.
  Willow Springs              |    7   |  261   |Water, grass and wood.
                              |        |        |  Good road.
  Bradshaw’s Ferry (Ranch)    |   12   |  273   |Water and wood. Good road.
  [2]Ehrenberg                |    2   |  276   |Sandy road.
  ----------------------------+--------+--------+------------------------

[1] California and Arizona stages to Prescott leave this station.

[2] From Ehrenberg there is a road up the Colorado River to Camp
Colorado, 45.50 miles.

Irrigated lands in Southern Arizona will readily produce two crops
of grain each year, and several of alfalfa. Some lands, belonging
to the Pima Indians, as well as fields about Tucson and the ranches
of the Santa Cruz and San Pedro Valleys, are known to have been in
continuous cultivation for at least from two to three hundred years.
Water fertilizes and restores the soil. The valley of the Gila, under
analysis, shows more phosphorates and other fertilizers than that of
the Nile.

A sand storm on the mesas of Southern Arizona is not a pleasant affair
to encounter. If caught in one on horse-back or afoot, imitate the
animals, put your face close to the ground and turn your back to the
blast.


Ehrenberg to Camp McDowell, A. T., via Date Creek.

  =======================================================================
                        |        |        |
      _To_              |_Miles._|_Miles._|   _Description._
                        |        |        |
  ----------------------+--------+--------+------------------------------
  Tyson’s (Los Pasos)   |  25    |    25  |Good water; hay and grain.
  Desert Station        |  25    |    51  |Good water; hay and grain.
  Flint’s               |  19    |    70  |Good water and grass.
  McMullen’s            |   4    |    74  |Old road branches here} Road
                        |        |        |  by Martinez’s Cañon.} west of
  Cullen’s              |  10    |    85  |Good water and grass. } Date Creek
  Date Creek Crossing   |  36    |   121  |Good water and grass. } Mountain.
  Date Creek            |   9    |   130  |
  Martinez’s Cañon      |   7    |     7  |Water, grass and wood; road
                        |        |        |  boggy in wet season.
                        |        |        |  Right fork to Ehrenberg.
  Vulture Mill          |  18    |    26  |Last six miles of road
                        |        |        |  sandy.
  [1]Wickenburg         |   1    |    27  |Settlement.
  [2]Camp on Hassyampa  |   5    |    33  |Water (except in very dry
                        |        |        |  season), grass and wood.
  Road leaves Hassyampa |   2    |    35  |Quicksands in Hassyampa
                        |        |        |  sometimes impassable.
                        |        |        |  (See Note.)
  Mud Tanks             |  12    |    48  |Water in rainy season.
  Point of Mountain     |   7    |    55  |Permanent water in White
                        |        |        |  Tanks, 1½ miles to
                        |        |        |  right of road.
  [3]Forks of Road      |        |    56  |Right fork to Salinas Lower
                        |        |        |  Crossing.
  Crossing of           |        |        |
      Agua Frio Ranch   |   9    |    65  |
  Phœnix                |        |        |
      (Swelling’s R’ch) |  19    |    85  |Settlement.
  Acequia               |   1    |    86  |
  Forks of Road         |  12    |    98  |Right fork to Maricopa
                        |        |        |  Wells and Camp Grant.
  Camp McDowell         |  11    |   110  |
  ----------------------+--------+--------+------------------------------

[1] The road runs along the bed of the stream for a part of the way;
when the river is high quicksands are troublesome, and the road is
sometimes impassable; whenever this is the case, the route is via the
Vulture Mine, by which the distance is increased 18 miles.

From Wickenburg to Prescott, via Walnut Grove, the distance, by a very
rough trail, is estimated at 55 miles. Ranch at Walnut Grove, half way.

From Wickenburg to Camp McDowell direct, by trail, the distance is
estimated at 65 miles.

[2] There is a road from this point down the Hassyampa to Burke’s
Station on the road between Fort Yuma and Maricopa Wells, with the
following Camps:--Gila Bend, 40 miles; Cottonwoods, 25 miles; Camp
opposite Oatman’s Flat, 10 miles; Agua Caliente, 16 miles; Burke’s
Station (fording Gila River), 5 miles--total, 96 miles. The road is
quite good, (though seldom traveled) and water, grass and wood are to
be found at all the above Camps.

From Date Creek to Maricopa Wells, the road is taken to Salinas Lower
Crossing (78 miles), thence by the Gila Lower Crossing (17 miles) to
Maricopa Wells (6 miles)--total, 102 miles. In winter, when the Salinas
and Gila are too high to ford, by going about 3 miles further up the
Gila to Morgan’s, advantage can be taken of a Ferry without increasing
the distance to Maricopa Wells.

From Camp McDowell to Prescott, by a proposed wagon road that is
opened from Prescott to Agua Frio, the distances are estimated as
follows:--Camp McDowell to Agua Frio, 47½ miles; Dickson’s Ranch, by
newly opened road, 23 miles; Agua Frio Ranch, by old road, 18 miles;
Prescott, 21 miles--total distance, 110 miles.

The road from Camp McDowell to Camp Reno has the following camping
grounds:--Camp Miller, 16 miles; Camp Carroll, 4½ miles; Camp
O’Connell, 4 miles; Camp Reno, 8½ miles--distance, 33 miles.

From Camp Reno to Camp Verde, by a newly opened road, it is to Camp in
Green Valley, 30 miles; thence to Camp Verde, by trail, 60 miles--total
distance, 90 miles.

[3] In rainy seasons, when the route by Agua Frio is impassable, it
is necessary to take the right fork to Salinas Lower Crossing, (22
miles) thence up the north bank of the Salinas to Phœnix (about 23
miles)--total, 45 miles,--increasing the distance from Camp Date Creek
to Camp McDowell about 16 miles.


Camp McDowell to Maricopa Wells, A. T.

  =========================================================================
                     |          |          |
         _To_        | _Miles._ | _Miles._ |  _Description._
                     |          |          |
  -------------------+----------+----------+-------------------------------
  Forks of Road      |    11    |    11    |Right fork to Phœnix.
  Ferry Station      |     2    |    13    |Left fork to Camp Grant. Water,
                     |          |          |  grass and wood. Crossing of
                     |          |          |  Salinas River.
  Desert Station     |    11    |    24    |Well of water. Hay and grain at
                     |          |          | Station.
  Morgan’s Ferry     |    17    |    41    |Crossing of Gila River.
  Maricopa Wells     |     3    |    45    |Stores. No grass or wood.
  -------------------+----------+----------+-------------------------------

During the winter the Gila is usually and the Salinas occasionally,
unfordable.


Camp McDowell to Camp Grant, A. T.

  =========================================================================
                            |          |          |
       _To_                 | _Miles._ | _Miles._ |   _Description._
                            |          |          |
  --------------------------+----------+----------+-----------------------
  Forks of Road             |    11    |    11    |Road excellent. Right
                            |          |          |  fork to Phœnix.
  Ferry Station             |     2    |    13    |Small station; bad ford
                            |          |          |  at high water.
  Florence (crossing Gila)  |    38    |    52    |Good fording; Ranch ½ mile
                            |          |          |  this side.
  Ruggles and Ewing         |     3    |    56    |Last Ranch before leaving
                            |          |          |  river; good stopping
                            |          |          |  place.
  Junction with Sacaton R’d |     4    |    60    |Desert mesa.
  Round Valley              |    12    |    73    |No water, wood or grass.
  Camp near Round Valley    |     2    |    75    |Water ½ mile to left of
                            |          |          |  road by trail.
  Cottonwoods               |    13    |    89    |Water ½ mile to right of
                            |          |          |  road by trail; grass;
                            |          |          |  wood scarce.
  Junction with Tucson R’d  |    13    |   103    |
  Camp Grant                |     3    |   106    |Crossing Rio San Pedro.
  --------------------------+----------+----------+------------------------

At Prescott, clerks receive from $50 to $125 per month, with board
often thrown in; carpenters and painters, from $4 to $6 per day;
masons, from $6 to $8, and in some cases, when a man is possessed of
superior skill, as high as $10 per day; ranch hands, herders, cow-boys,
from $25 to $50 per month, and board; common laborers, from $2 to $3
per day; domestic servants, men and women, from $25 to $40 per month;
but as yet there is no great demand.


Maricopa Wells to Camp Grant, A. T.

  =======================================================================
                               |        |        |
      _To_                     |_Miles._|_Miles._|  _Description._
                               |        |        |
  -----------------------------+--------+--------+-----------------------
  Pima Villages                |  10    |   10   |Store and mill.
  Sweet Water                  |   6    |   16   |Store.
  Sacaton                      |   6    |   22   |Store; water; grass
                               |        |        |  scarce; right fork of
                               |        |        |  road direct to Tucson.
  Reservation, eastern boundary|   7    |   29   |
  Walker’s Ranch               |   6    |   35   |Indian village and store.
  White’s Ranch                |   4    |   39   |Gila; wood, hay, grain;
                               |        |        |  little grass.
  Junction with Camp McDowell  |        |        |
    Road                       |   7    |   46   |
  Camp Grant                   |  46    |   92   |Crossing San Pedro.
  -----------------------------+--------+--------+-----------------------

The road from Maricopa Wells to Pima Villages is cut up with small
gullies, from 1 to 4 feet deep, with steep sides, which, in rainy
seasons, are muddy and troublesome.

The left fork leads up the Gila to Adamsville, 2½ miles distant, where
are two stores, a mill, etc., and thence to Ruggles and Ewing’s Ranch,
(4 miles) where is a store; here the road intersects the road between
Camps McDowell and Grant.

Camp Grant to Camp Goodwin.--In very rainy seasons it is necessary to
go via Tucson, distance 202 miles. The shorter and better route, except
in winter, is up the San Pedro River, 57 miles, to within 8 miles of
Tres Alamos, where the left fork leads to Croton Springs, distance 25
miles, and thence to Camp Goodwin, 71 miles--total distance, 153 miles.
On this road there are plenty of water, grass and wood, all along the
San Pedro River.

Camp Grant to Camp Bowie.--To Croton Spring, distance 82 miles; thence
to intersection with road between Tucson and Camp Bowie, distance 16
miles, and thence to Camp Bowie, 37 miles--total distance, 135 miles.


Maricopa Wells.

  ========================================================================
                                                      |          | _Total_
               _To_                                   | _Miles._ | _Miles._
  ----------------------------------------------------+----------+--------
  Yuma                                                |          |  191
  Tucson, southeast, (overland stage road)            |          |  109
  Sacaton (en route direct to Tucson)                 |          |   22
  Blue Water      ”             ”                     |    20    |   43
  Picacho                                             |    13    |   57
  Point of Mountains                                  |    24    |   81
  Tucson                                              |    17    |   98
  Camp Grant                                          |          |   90
  ----------------------------------------------------|----------|------

This is a stage station, with stores, etc., of importance. It is the
point of divergence for branch stages to Phœnix, Camp McDowell, and
Camp Verde.

Fuller, in his Treatise on Silver Mines, says: “Wherever, in any part
of the world, silver mines have been worked they are worked now, unless
closed for war, invasion of Indians, etc. We know of no silver mines
in the world that have given out.” In support of this position, he
instances the mines of Mexico, the old Spanish mines, (opened before
Humboldt’s time) the South American mines, still as productive as they
were three centuries ago, mines in Hungary worked before the Christian
era, the silver mines of Freiburg, opened in the 11th century, etc.,
nearly all now worked with unabated productiveness.


Maricopa Wells to Tucson, A. T.

(Going south direct.)

  =========================================================================
                    |         |         |
    _To_            |_Miles._ |_Miles._ | _Description._
                    |         |         |
  ------------------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
  Sacaton           |    22   |    22   |Left fork of road to Camp Grant.
  Blue Water        |    20   |    43   |Well; grass and wood plenty;
                    |         |         |  station; hay and grain.
  Picacho           |    13   |    57   |Grass and wood plenty; no water.
  Mud Tanks         |    15   |    72   |Water in wet weather, wood scarce.
  Point of Mountain |     8   |    81   |Wells; grass plenty, wood scarce;
  Nine Mile Water   |     8   |    89   |  station, hay and grain.
  Tucson            |     8   |    98   |Capital of Territory. Road good
                    |         |         |  after passing Pima Villages.
  ------------------+---------+---------+---------------------------------


Camp Grant to Tucson, A. T.

  =======================================================================
                        |        |        |
     _To_               |_Miles._|_Miles._|  _Description._
                        |        |        |
  ----------------------+--------+--------+------------------------------
  Camp Grant            |        |        |Crossing of San Pedro
  Forks of Road         |    2   |    2   |Wood scarce; grass  Right fork
                        |        |        |  of road to Maricopa Wells.
  Cañon del Oro         |   21   |   24   |Water, grass, and wood plenty.
  Water                 |    5   |   30   |Water scarce; grass and wood
                        |        |        |  plenty.
  Dry Camp              |    8   |   38   |Water in wet weather; grass and
                        |        |        |  wood plenty.
  Roieta                |    8   |   47   |Water in wet weather; grass and
  Tucson (Camp Lowell)  |    4   |   52   |wood plenty.
  ----------------------+--------+--------+------------------------------

The Rio San Pedro is sometimes impassable in winter on account of high
water. The first nine miles of the road is in a cañon, level, and very
sandy; the rest of the road to Cañon del Oro is hilly, ascending till
near the cañon, when there is a long, steep descent. Three miles beyond
Cañon del Oro the road enters the bed of a stream, usually dry; and
continues in it to within a half mile of Dry Camp. At the foot of the
mountains, opposite Dry Camp, say one and a half miles distant, are the
ruins of an old Pueblo, where there is water all the year. The Roieta
in winter is a running stream.


Tucson

  =========================================================================
      _To_               |_Miles._ ||      _To_                 | _Miles._
  ---------------------------------++--------------------------------------
  Camp Pinal, disused    |  115    || Camp Verde                |  298
  Camp Apache            |  222    || Fort Cummings, N. M.      |  219
  Camp Bowie             |  165    || Fort Whipple, (Prescott)  |  259
  Camp Colorado, disused |  349    || Fort Yuma, Cal            |  275
  Camp Crittenden, ”     |   51    || Ehrenberg                 |  303
  Date Creek,      ”     |  199    || Guaymas, Mexico           |  351
  Camp Goodwin,    ”     |  150    || La Libertad  ”            |  225
  Camp Grant             |   52    || Maricopa Wells            |   98
  Canip McDowell         |  143    || Lobos, Mexico             |  214
  Camp Mojave            |  424    || San Diego, Cal            |  467
  Camp Reno, disused     |  176    || Tubac                     |   46
  Camp Toll-Gate  ”      |  208    ||
  -----------------------+---------++--------------------------------------


Tucson to Camp Goodwin, A. T.

  =========================================================================
                        |        |        |
    _To_                |_Miles._|_Miles._| _Description._
                        |        |        |
  ----------------------+--------+--------+------------------------------
  Forks of Road         |  14    |   14   |Right fork to Camps Crittenden
                        |        |        |  and Wallen.
  Cienega (begins)      |   8    |   23   |Water and wood plenty; grass
  Mescal Ranch          |   6    |   29   |  scarce. Picket post.
  Cienega (ends)        |        |   30   |
  Water Hole            |   8    |   38   |Water in winter; grass  plenty;
                        |        |        |  wood scarce. Road forks to
                        |        |        |  left to Tres Alamos.
  [1]Crossing San Pedro |  12    |   50   |Water and grass; wood scarce.
                        |        |        |  Picket post.
  Forks of Road to      |        |        |Water plenty at spring; grass
    Dragoon Springs     |  11    |   62   |  and wood plenty. Right fork
                        |        |        |  to Dragoon Springs, five
                        |        |        |  miles distant.
  Forks of Road to      |   3    |   65   |Grass plenty; wood scarce; no
    Camp Bowie          |        |        |  water. Right fork to Camp
                        |        |        |  Bowie.
  Croton Springs        |  13    |   78   |Water brackish; grass plenty;
                        |        |        |  wood scarce.
  Oak Grove             |  16    |   94   |Springs: grass and wood plenty.
  Kennedy’s Wells       |   3    |   97   |Water poor; grass and wood
                        |        |        |  plenty.
  [2]Arivapa Creek      |  15    |  113   |Water, except in very dry
                        |        |        |  season; grass and wood plenty.
  Eureka Springs        |   1    |  114   |Grass; wood scarce.
  Spring                |   8    |  122   |
  [3]Cottonwoods        |   8    |  131   |Stream of water; grass and wood
                        |        |        |  plenty. Road hilly.
  Camp Goodwin          |   9    |  140   |Road sandy and down hill.
  ----------------------+--------+--------+------------------------------

[1] The road from Tucson is over a level mesa till it descends into a
cañon, where the Cienega begins. There are several steep hills in the
next few miles.

The banks of the San Pedro are high and steep, and about ten yards
apart.

[2] In winter it is necessary to take the right fork to avoid Eureka
Springs and the Cienega, just beyond it, which are then impassable.
This road joins the one by Eureka Springs about a mile beyond the
spring.

[3] In summer the creek is dry at this point, but water can always be
found by descending the creek half a mile.


Tucson to Camp Bowie, A. T.

  =========================================================================
                          |          |          |
    _To_                  | _Miles._ | _Miles._ | _Description._
                          |          |          |
  ------------------------+----------+----------+--------------------------
  Fork to Camp Goodwin    |    65    |    65    |Left fork to Camp Goodwin.
  [1]Junction of Road     |          |          |
     from Camp Crittenden |     3    |    68    |
  Sulphur Springs         |    12    |    80    |Water brackish; grass and
  Camp Bowie              |    24    |   105    |  wood scarce.
  ------------------------+----------+----------+--------------------------

[1] Half a mile further the road forks to the left, to Camp Goodwin.

The grasses in Arizona nearly all come up from the root, unlike those
of California, which grow from the seed. Therefore, in Arizona, if
there should be a year without rain, stock would not die of starvation.
The nutritious gramma grass does not appear to run to seed at all.

  Tucson to Camp Crittenden, A. T.

  ========================|========|========|==============================
            _To_          |_Miles._|_Miles._|          _Description._
  ------------------------|--------|--------|------------------------------
   Forks of Road          |   14   |   14   |Left fork to Camp Bowie.
   Davidson’s Spring      |   12   |   26   |
   Camp near Davidson’s   |        |        |
     Spring               |    1   |   28   |
   Mescal Ranch           |   10   |   39   |Left fork to Camp Wallen,
   Road to Cienegas       |    1   |   40   |  (abandoned) distance twenty
   Junction of road from  |        |        |  and a half miles. Fine
     Wallen               |    7   |   48   |  country, grazing, water, and
   Camp Crittenden        |    2   |   50   |  timber in abundance.
  ------------------------|--------|--------|------------------------------


  Tucson (via Tubac) to Camp Crittenden.

  ========================|========|========|==============================
            _To_          |_Miles._|_Miles._|          _Description._
  ------------------------|--------|--------|------------------------------
   San Xavier del Bac     |    8   |    8   |Settlement of Papagos Indians.
                          |        |        |  Old mission church.
   La Punta de Agua       |    2   |   11   |Ranch.
   Saurita                |    9   |   20   |Ranch.
   [1]Canoé               |   12   |   32   |No water in dry season; grass
                          |        |        |  and wood plenty.
   Tubac                  |   13   |   45   |Town. Point of departure for
                          |        |        |  Sopori, Arivaca, Toltec
                          |        |        |  Camps, Aztec District, for
                          |        |        |  Santa Rita Mountains, etc.
   Calabasas              |   12   |   58   |Old Fort Mason.
   [2]Smith’s Ranch       |    3   |   61   |
   Sonoita                |   12   |   74   |Vail’s Ranch.
   Old Fort Buchanan      |   12   |   86   |Water, grass, and wood plenty.
   Camp Crittenden        |    1   |   87   |
  ------------------------|--------|--------|------------------------------

[1] The left fork crosses the Santa Cruz at Canoé, recrossing the
river near Tubac; (the measurement was made on this road). The right
fork does not cross the river, and is longer.

[2] Just beyond Smith’s Ranch, take the left fork to Camp Crittenden.
The main road goes into Sonora.

Between Tubac and Smith’s Ranch, there are ranches every few miles,
with water, grass, and wood.

Between Sonoita and Camp Crittenden, there are several ranches with
water and grass, but little wood.

Road to Tubac very hard and smooth; but very rough from there to
Crittenden, through Sonoita Cañon.

  Camp Crittenden to Camp Bowie, A. T.

  ========================|========|========|==============================
            _To_          |_Miles._|_Miles._|          _Description._
  ------------------------|--------|--------|------------------------------
   Forks of Road          |    1   |    1   |Left fork to Tucson.
   Forks of Road          |   13   |   14   |Right fork to Santa Cruz.
   Camp Wallen (abandoned)|    5   |   20   |On Babacomori Creek.
   [1]San Pedro Crossing  |   18   |   38   |Station.
   Dragoon Springs        |   18   |   56   |Water, grass, and wood.
   [2]Junction with Road  |    3   |   60   |Road from Tucson.
   Sulphur Springs        |   12   |   72   |Water brackish; grass and wood
   Camp Bowie             |   25   |   98   |  scarce.
  ------------------------|--------|--------|------------------------------

[1] Left fork leads down the right bank to the middle crossing of the
San Pedro River, distance 13.32 miles, thence to Camp Bowie or Tucson.

[2] From this point to Camp Goodwin.


Camp Bowie to Camp Goodwin, A. T.

  =========================================================================
      _To_                  |_Miles._|_Miles._| _Description._
  --------------------------|--------|--------|--------------------------
  [1]Forks of Road          |    6   |    6   |Water usually: good grass.
                            |        |        |  Left fork to Tank, half
                            |        |        |  mile distant.
  Water Holes               |   30   |   36   |Water usually; good grass,
                            |        |        |  near forks, on right side
                            |        |        |  of road.
  First Camp on Gila River. |   27   |   63   |Water; grass scarce.
  Second Camp on Gila River |   11   |   74   |Water; grass scarce.
  Camp Goodwin              |   14   |   88   |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] The Tank always contains water. The road from the Tank to the Gila
is over a grassy plain with no water in dry season, excepting at Water
Holes, near the Junction with the old road along the Rio de Sauz. There
water is usually found on the right-hand side of the road.

There is another road to Camp Goodwin, via San Simon, (seventeen and a
half miles) and thence down the Rio de Sauz, joining the above road at
Water Holes, (thirty-one miles) making the distance about eleven miles
longer.


Tucson, A. T., to Guaymas, Mexico.

[ESTIMATED.]

  ==========================================================================
      _To_                |_Miles._|_Miles._| _Description._
  -------------------------|--------|--------|------------------------------
  Smith’s Ranch           |   61   |    61  |Water and grass; mesquite wood.
  Los Nogales             |    5   |    66  |       ”              ”
  Agua Zarca              |   15   |    81  |       ”              ”
  La Casita               |   14   |    96  |       ”              ”
  Los Alisos              |    8   |   104  |       ”              ”
  Imuris                  |   11   |   115  |       ”              ”
  La Magdalena            |   11   |   127  |       ”              ”
  Santa Ana               |   12   |   139  |       ”              ”
  Bajorito                |   16   |   155  |Wells and grass; mesquite wood.
  Rancho Querobabi        |   23   |   178  |Tanks and grass; mesquite wood.
  Rancho Tabique          |   28   |   206  |       ”               ”
  Hacienda de Torreon     |   26   |   232  |Water; grass scarce; mesquite
                          |        |        |  wood.
  Hacienda de La Labor    |    2   |   234  |  ”           ”        ”
  Hacienda del Alamito    |    9   |   243  |Water; grass plenty; mesquite
                          |        |        |  wood.
  Hermosillo              |   12   |   255  |Water; no grass; mesquite wood.
  Rancho de la Parza      |   16   |   271  |  ”        ”          ”
  Rancho de la Palma      |   16   |   288  |Tank; grass scarce; mesquite
                          |        |        |  wood.
  Rancho del Posito       |    8   |   296  | ”        ”           ”
  Rancho de lo Cienequito |   15   |   312  | ”        ”           ”
  Rancho de la Mucho Buéno|   19   |   331  |No water; grass plenty;
                          |        |        |  mesquite wood.
  Rancho de la Caballo    |    9   |   340  |Tank; grass plenty; mesquite
                          |        |        |  wood.
  Guaymas                 |   11   |   351  |
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------

The road from Tucson to Guaymas, except 15 miles south of Calabasas,
where it is heavy in wet weather, is one of the finest on the Pacific
coast. =Tucson, A. T., to Port La Libertad, Mexico.=

  ========================================================================
                            |      |      |
  _To_                      |Miles.|Miles.|_Description._
                            |      |      |
  --------------------------+------+------+-------------------------------
  San Xavier del Bac        |  8   |   8  |Settlement of Papago Indians.
  La Punta de Agua          |  2   |  11  |Ranch.
  Sahuarito, (Columbus)     |  8   |  19  |Water, grass and wood. Good road.
  Roade’s Ranch             |  8   |  28  |          ”              ”
  Los Taraises              |  2   |  31  |          ”              ”
  Reventon (Kitchen’s Ranch)|  2   |  34  |          ”              ”
  Soporio Rancho            |  5   |  39  |          ”              ”
  Mina Colorado             | 11   |  51  |          ”              ”
  Arivaca                   |  7   |  58  |          ”              ”
  Los Alamos (Old Arivaca)  |  1   |  59  |          ”              ”
  Covodepe Cuesta (Mexico)  |  6   |  65  |          ”              ”
  Spring in bed of Arroyo   |  5   |  70  |Water scarce; wood. Good road.
  Z’Azabe                   |  8   |  79  |Water, grass and wood. Good road.
  Charco de los Mesquites   |  6   |  86  |No water.
  Tecalote Trail            |      |  86  |
  Charco                    |  4   |  90  |Water, grass and wood.
  Rancheria                 |  2   |  92  |Good grass.
  Forks of Road             |  1   |  93  |
  Forks of Road             |      |  93  |
  Ascent to Mesa            |  1   |  94  |
  Tinaja, (Charco)          |  6   | 101  |Water, grass and wood.
  Los Paredones             | 15   | 116  |Water, grass and wood. Good r’d.
  Jesus Maria               | 14   | 130  |Water and wood; grass scarce.
                            |      |      |  Good road.
  Altar                     |  8   | 139  |Water and wood; grass scarce.
                            |      |      |  Good road.
  Dry Arroyo                |  4   | 143  |Good road.
  Road to Zepedas Ranch     |  6   | 149  |Good road.
  Foot of Hill              |  2   | 151  |Good hard road.
  Summit of Hill            |  1   | 152  |
  Pitiquito                 |  1   | 153  |Water, grass and wood. Good hard
                            |      |      |  road.
  Cienega & Caborca Ro’d    |  7   | 161  |Good hard road.
  Laguna Mosca              |  5   | 166  |No water in dry season; good
                            |      |      |  grass, good hard road.
  Bajia de Aquituna         |  6   | 172  |Wood and grass; no water. Good
                            |      |      |  level road.
  El Zanjon (dry arroyo)    |  2   | 175  |Wood and grass. Good road.
  Tinaje del Viejo          |  7   | 182  |Water.
  Angostura Pass            |  7   | 190  |Water, grass and wood. Good hard
                            |      |      |  road.
  Picu                      | 11   | 201  |Water, grass and wood. Good hard
                            |      |      |  road.
  Pozo de los Cristolas     |      | 201  |
  Charco de los Papagos     |  1   | 202  |
  Tinaja del Tule           |  4   | 206  |Very little water or grass.
  Derisadero Prieto         |  4   | 211  |Wood; no grass. Good hard road.
  Point where Gulf is first |      |      |
     seen                   |  1   | 212  |
  Port of la Libertad       | 13   | 226  |Bad road.
  --------------------------|----------------------------------------------

Heavy blankets are a necessity in Arizona; the nights are always cool,
even in the height of the “heated term.” Woolen undergarments are
desirable at all times.


Fort Wingate, N. M., to Prescott, A. T., via Camp Verde, A. T.

  =========================================================================
                      |    |    ||    |    |
                      | M  | Y  || M  | Y  |  Description.
                      | i  | a  || i  | a  |
                      | l  | r  || l  | r  |
                      | e  | d  || e  | d  |
                      | s. | s. || s. | s. |
  --------------------+----+----++----+----+-------------------------------
  Ft. Wingate,        |    |    ||    |    |
  Spring Cr’k         |    |    ||    |    |Crossed by bridge, water plenty,
    Crossing          |  2 |1010||  2 |1010| wood on hills.
  Spring              |  7 | 738||  9 |1748|Spring close to road on south
                      |    |    ||    |    |  side, at base rocky bluff,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  water bad, wood plenty, and
                      |    |    ||    |    |  good grazing, road sandy for
                      |    |    ||    |    |  short distance.
  Bridge over         |    |    ||    |    |Bridge across Rio Puerco of the
    Defiance road     |  3 | 496|| 13 | 484|  West; water good and grass
                      |    |    ||    |    |  plenty.
  Camp on Rio Puerco  |  3 | 525|| 16 |1009|Water muddy, plenty wood, good
                      |    |    ||    |    |  grass.
  Quirina Cañon       | 19 | 323|| 35 |1332|Rio Puerco almost washing away
                      |    |    ||    |    |  the road. Bluffs on left bank
                      |    |    ||    |    |  very steep and abrupt.
  Camp on Rio Puerco  |  5 | 442|| 41 |  14|Camp a short distance off road.
  Crossing of Rio     | 12 | 659|| 53 | 673|Half a mile east of the crossing,
    Puerco            |    |    ||    |    |  a road leads off to the left,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  bed of river, quicksand,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  crossing fair, road good.
  2d Crossing of      |  1 | 540|| 54 |1213|Here we were unable to effect a
    Rio Puerco        |    |    ||    |    |  crossing, owing to recent
                      |    |    ||    |    |  freshet washing away the banks,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  leaving them 20 feet high and
                      |    |    ||    |    |  abrupt; left road and crossed
                      |    |    ||    |    |  country keeping from one to
                      |    |    ||    |    |  two miles from right bank of
                      |    |    ||    |    |  river. Road between crossings
                      |    |    ||    |    |  is sandy. The route on north
                      |    |    ||    |    |  side of Puerco is shortest.
                      |    |    ||    |    |  Distance to Carrizo Creek about
                      |    |    ||    |    |  11 miles. Water in Rio Puerco,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  between those points, not
                      |    |    ||    |    |  permanent.
  Camp on Rio Puerco  |  7 |1345|| 62 | 798|Heavy traveling, water muddy,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  grass ordinarily good,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  greasewood abundant.
  Road                |  13| 834||  75|1632|Traveling a little heavy;
                      |    |    ||    |    |  crossed some sandy Arroyos
                      |    |    ||    |    |  before getting on road, water
                      |    |    ||    |    |  in Rio Puerco.
  Camp on Carrizo     |    |    ||    |    |
    Creek             |  5 |  31|| 80 |1663|Water obtained by digging, wood
                      |    |    ||    |    |  scarce, road and grass good.
  Lithodendron Creek  | 13 |1666|| 94 |1569|A wide sandy bed, no water,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  crossing in dry weather good,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  but very difficult when there
                      |    |    ||    |    |  is water, quicksands, road
                      |    |    ||    |    |  good, a steep hill on east
                      |    |    ||    |    |  side. South of the crossing,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  the Rio Puerco becomes a wide,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  dry, sandy bed.
  Camp on Little      | 16 |1216||111 |1025|Water and grass abundant and
    Colorado River    |    |    ||    |    |  good, plenty of wood, road
                      |    |    ||    |    |  good. About five miles up the
                      |    |    ||    |    |  Puerco, water was found in
                      |    |    ||    |    |  holes.
  Camp on Little      | 19 |1020||131 | 285|Half a mile from road to river,
  Colorado River      |    |    ||    |    |  plenty wood and water, grass
                      |    |    ||    |    |  good, road good.
  Camp at Sunset      | 14 | 493||145 | 778|Plenty wood and water, no grass
    Crossing Little   |    |    ||    |    |  near crossing, road good to
    Colorado River    |    |    ||    |    |  Cottonwood Fork, which empties
                      |    |    ||    |    |  into the Little Colorado, near
                      |    |    ||    |    |  Sunset Crossing. Cottonwood
                      |    |    ||    |    |  Fork has a delta, and in time
                      |    |    ||    |    |  of freshet overflows the
                      |    |    ||    |    |  valley for several miles,
                      |    |    ||    |    |  rendering it impassable.
                      |    |    ||    |    |  Sunset Crossing is not passable
                      |    |    ||    |    |   in time of melting snows
                      |    |    ||    |    |  without the aid of a raft.
  Camp at Sunset Pass,| 18 | 669||163 |1447|Road gradually up grade, but good
    on Big Dry Fork   |    |    ||    |    | traveling, permanent water in
                      |    |    ||    |    | tanks in bed of creek for about
                      |    |    ||    |    | four miles, in cañon plenty
                      |    |    ||    |    | wood, water, and grass.
  Camp on a lake of   | 21 |  42||184 |1489|Four miles from Camp on Big Dry
    snow water        |    |    ||    |    | Fork, the road runs through
                      |    |    ||    |    | thick cedar to Jarvis Pass,
                      |    |    ||    |    | which is 14 miles from Sunset
                      |    |    ||    |    | Pass. Road good to Jarvis Pass,
                      |    |    ||    |    | thence stony; plenty of cedar
                      |    |    ||    |    | on lake.
  Simpkins’ Spring    |   7|1681||192 | 411|Spring 100 yards north of road,
                      |    |    ||    |    | (trees blazed) good water, grass
                      |    |    ||    |    | ordinarily good, thick heavy
                      |    |    ||    |    | pine, road stony and up grade.
  Stoneman’s Lake     | 10 | 859||203 | 510|Is about 4½ miles in
                      |    |    ||    |    | circumference, circular, an
                      |    |    ||    |    | abundance of permanent water.
                      |    |    ||    |    | Lake inclosed by bluffs about
                      |    |    ||    |    | 400 feet high, thick heavy
                      |    |    ||    |    | pine, good grass, very
                      |    |    ||    |    | difficult to get water. The
                      |    |    ||    |    | road leads through the Mogollon
                      |    |    ||    |    | Mountains from Simpkins’ Spring
                      |    |    ||    |    | to Stoneman’s Lake. In the
                      |    |    ||    |    | spring of the year, the road
                      |    |    ||    |    | through the mountains is
                      |    |    ||    |    | perfectly saturated with water,
                      |    |    ||    |    | very miry, and impassable for
                      |    |    ||    |    | heavy-loaded wagons. Pine
                      |    |    ||    |    | timber is thick and heavy on
                      |    |    ||    |    | mountains.
  Bartlet’s Tank      |  7 |666 ||210 |1173|Tank 400 yards north of road.
                      |    |    ||    |    | Four miles from Stoneman’s Lake,
                      |    |    ||    |    | the road leads through thick
                      |    |    ||    |    | cedar, and becomes very rocky.
                      |    |    ||    |    | Two and a half miles southwest
                      |    |    ||    |    | of lake are two small creeks
                      |    |    ||    |    | with wood and grass, but no
                      |    |    ||    |    | permanent water.
  Beaver Creek        | 11 |272 ||221 |1445|The descent to the creek is very
    Crossing          |    |    ||    |    | steep and abrupt. At base of
                      |    |    ||    |    | hill, a trail leads southward to
                      |    |    ||    |    | Camp Verde, which cuts off about
                      |    |    ||    |    | 9 miles. Road up to this point
                      |    |    ||    |    | leads through thick cedar, and
                      |    |    ||    |    | is very rocky, thence good.
                      |    |    ||    |    | Beaver Creek is a large stream
                      |    |    ||    |    | of permanent water, rocky bed,
                      |    |    ||    |    | banks low, crossing good, grass
                      |    |    ||    |    | fair, plenty wood.
  Rio Verde.          | 12 |1121||234 | 806|Road good for 10 miles, thence
                      |    |    ||    |    | hilly to crossing. Rio Verde 80
                      |    |    ||    |    | feet wide, gravel bed, good
                      |    |    ||    |    | water, banks low, crossing good,
                      |    |    ||    |    | scattered cottonwood on banks. A
                      |    |    ||    |    | road leads up the left bank to
                      |    |    ||    |    | the Indian Reservation. On right
                      |    |    ||    |    | bank, a right-hand road direct
                      |    |    ||    |    | to Prescott.
  Camp Verde          |  6 |1673||241 | 719|Road good.
  Wild Cherry Creek   | 12 |1412||254 | 371|Returned on road 4 miles, thence
                      |    |    ||    |    | over foothills of Verde
                      |    |    ||    |    | Mountains for 5 miles, thence
                      |    |    ||    |    | ascend and descend mountains to
                      |    |    ||    |    | Wild Cherry Creek. The ascent is
                      |    |    ||    |    | very steep, but gradual; the
                      |    |    ||    |    | descent is more abrupt; road in
                      |    |    ||    |    | good order. Wild Cherry Creek is
                      |    |    ||    |    | a running stream of permanent
                      |    |    ||    |    | water. Timber and grass
                      |    |    ||    |    | abundant.
  Gayetty’s Ranch     |  3 |    ||257 | 371|Ranch and station on left of
                      |    |    ||    |    | road.
  Ash Creek           |  6 | 233||263 | 604|Permanent water in holes south of
                      |    |    ||    |    | crossing, banks low, rocky bed,
                      |    |    ||    |    | crossing good, plenty wood and
                      |    |    ||    |    | grass, road a little hilly.
                      |    |    ||    |    | Three miles east is the junction
                      |    |    ||    |    | of Grief Hill Road.
  1st Crossing of Lynx|  7 |1345||271 | 189|Ranch at crossing, creek dry,
   Creek              |    |    ||    |    | water in well, good grass, wood
                      |    |    ||    |    | at ranch.
  2d Crossing  of Lynx|  8 |1002||279 |1191|Permanent water, ranch on west
   Creek              |    |    ||    |    | bank, scattered cottonwood, good
                      |    |    ||    |    | grass, low banks, rocky bed,
                      |    |    ||    |    | good crossing. Steep hill on
                      |    |    ||    |    | either side.
  Ft. Whipple         |  6 | 155||285 |1346|On right bank of Granite Creek,
                      |    |    ||    |    | road hilly.
  --------------------+----+----++----+----+---------------------------------

Roads and Distances from the Colorado River (en route from Utah) South
to Prescott.

No. 1. From Colorado Crossing, via Truxton Springs.

  =========================================================================
                       |      |Total |Alti- |
   _To_                |Miles.|Miles.|tude. |   _Description._
  ---------------------+------+------+------+------------------------------
  Tinnahkah Springs    |  21  |  21  |4080.0|Small springs; bunch-grass;
  Attoovah (or Cañon)  |      |      |      | wood.
   Springs             |  14  |  35  |      |Spring in cañon; bunch-grass;
                       |      |      |      | cedar trees.
  New Creek of Ives, or|      |      |      |Good camping-grounds; plenty
   Pahroach Springs    |  14  |  49  |      | wood, water and grass.
  Truxton Springs      |  16  |  65  |3885.5|Bunch-grass through sagebrush;
                       |      |      |      | water and wood.
  Old Camp Willow Grove|  25  |  90  |      |Wood, water and grass;
  Fort Rock            |  15  | 105  |      |Good water; no grass; little
                       |      |      |      | wood.
  Oaks and Willows     |  27  | 132  |      |Water, wood and grass.
  Old Camp Hualapais   |  9   | 141  |5321.9|Good water and grass; plenty
                       |      |      |      | wood.
  Toll-gate in         |  16  | 157  |      |Water and wood; little grass.
   Williamson’s Valley |      |      |      |
  Prescott             |  23  | 180  |5318.0|Water and grass.
  ---------------------+------+------+------+------------------------------

Roads and Distances from the Colorado River South to Prescott.

No. II. From Mouth of Rio Virgen, via Virgin and Beale’s Springs.

  =========================================================================
                       |      |Total |Alti- |
    To                 |Miles.|Miles.|tude. |   Description.
  ---------------------+------+------+------+------------------------------
  Mountain Spring      |  41  |  41  |5500.8|Water alkaline; little
                       |      |      |      | bunch-grass; wood.
  Chloride City        |  14  |  55  |      |Water brackish; little grass.
  Mineral Park         |   7  |  62  |      |Water alkaline; wood and grass
                       |      |      |      | at small distance from town.
  Cerbat               |   6  |  68  |      |Water and wood; very little
                       |      |      |      | grass.
  Beale’s Springs      |   9  |  77  |      |Water and wood; grass some
                       |      |      |      | distance from camp.
  Hualapais Springs    |  16  |  93  |      |Good water, wood and grass.
  Old Camp Willow Grove|      |      |      |
   (Cottonwood)        |  20  | 113  |4170.0|Good water, wood and grass.
  Fort Rock            |  15  | 128  |      |Good water; no grass; little
                       |      |      |      | wood.
  Camp Hualapais       |  36  | 164  |5321.9|Good water, wood and grass.
  Toll-gate            |  16  | 180  |      |Good water and wood; little
                       |      |      |      | grass.
  Prescott             |  23  | 203  |5318.0|Good water and grass.
  ---------------------+------+------+------+------------------------------

No III. From Moqui-Pueblos Trail, via Mouth of Paria Creek.

  =========================================================================
                      |       Total |Alti- |
   To                 |Miles.|Miles.|tude. |   Description.
  ---------------------+------+------+------+------------------------------
  Moen-copie Creek    |  11  |  11  |4984.1|From map; distance probably too
                      |      |      |      | small.
  Colorado Chiquito   |  12  |  23  |      |From map; distance probably too
                      |      |      |      | small.
  Cascades            |  58  |  81  |      |From map; water alkaline; wood;
                      |      |      |      | grass scarce on lava _débris_
                      |      |      |      | a few miles south of river.
  Wagon road          |  11  |  92  |      |Plenty of wood and grass.
  Cosnino Tanks       |   4  |  96  |6244.1|Wood and excellent grass; water
                      |      |      |      | said to exist in tanks all the
                      |      |      |      | year.
  Antelope Springs    |  24  | 120  |8065.1|Good grass and wood anywhere.
  Volunteer Spring    |  11  | 133  |7106.4|Good wood, water and grass.
  Spring south of Bill|      |      |      |
   Williams’ Mountain |  27  | 160  |5526.6|Good wood, water and grass.
  Rattlesnake Cañon   |  15  | 175  |4600.0|Wood scarce; good water;
                      |      |      |      | bunch-grass.
  Postal’s Ranch      |  14  | 189  |      |Good water; wood and grass poor.
  Prescott            |  22  | 211  |5318.0|Plenty water and wood.
  ---------------------+------+------+------+-------------------------------

Road from Virgin to Mountain Spring generally good.

From Moqui-Pueblos trail to Cascades and from Cosnino Tanks distances
were taken from map, and for road distances (though correction was
made) are probably too small.

The trail used from Cascades on Colorado Chiquito to wagon road is
perfectly practicable for wagon; hence good mail-road to Prescott.

Good camping ground at crossing of Muddy Cañon, between Fort Rock and
Oaks and Willows.

Road from Mineral Park good.

Road from Cerbat sandy.

Road from Beale’s Spring good; abandoned military post.

Road from Cottonwoods good. Mineral Park and Cerbat are both situated
about one mile east of road from Chloride City to Beale’s Spring.

To Navajo Springs, good made road round springs; excellent to Limestone
Pockets and beyond, till it passes divide, when it becomes sandy.

From Navajo Springs to Moqui-Pueblos trail, good road, following arroyo.


Camp Wallen, (abandoned) A. T., to Guaymas, Mexico.

[ESTIMATED.]

  ========================================================================
     _To_         |_Miles._|_Miles._| _Description._
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Camp Wallen     |        |        |Babocomori Ranch and Settlement.
  Mescal Ranch    |    9   |    9   |Water, grass and wood plenty.
  San Rafael      |    8   |   27   |Water and grass plenty; no wood.
  Santa Cruz      |    8   |   35   |Town; no wood.
  San Lazaro      |    9   |   41   |}
  Spring of water |   12   |   56   |}Water, grass and wood plenty.
  Cocospera       |    2   |   58   |}
  Mouth of Cañon  |    6   |   64   |}
  Babasaqui       |   12   |   76   |Ranch.
  Imeritz         |    3   |   79   |Town.
  Ternate         |    6   |   85   |Flour mill. Water, grass and
                  |        |        |  wood plenty.
  La Magdalena    |    9   |   94   |Town.
  Guaymas         |  223   |  317   |
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------


Tucson

  =========================================================
      _To_                                         |_Miles._
  ---------------------------------------------------------
  Yuma (W by N)                                    |  300
  Florence (N)                                     |   63
  Silver City (E)                                  |  118
  Globe City (N)                                   |  138
  San Carlos (N by E)                              |  175
  Phœnix (N by W)                                  |  125
  Copper Mines, Young America, etc. (W)            |   50
  Maricopa Wells, (direct N by W)                  |   98
  Tubac (S)                                        |   46
  Tumacacori (S)                                   |   49
  Sonora line (S)                                  |   75
  Cabasas (S)                                      |
  Arivaca (S by W)                                 |
  Hacienda del Santa Rita, Tyndall (S by E)        |   59
  Salero House, Santa Rita (S by E)                |   60
  Toltec C’mp, Aztec dist (S by E)                 |   65
  Sonoita, mill-sites, (S by E)                    |   70
  Oro Blanco, Ostrich mine, etc. (SW)              |   85
  Tres Alamos (E)                                  |   50
  Davidson Spring (SE)                             |
  Old Camp Crittenden (SE)                         |
  Babocomori Ranch, Camp Wallen (SE)               |
  Pategonia Mt’ns, Mowry Mine (SE)                 |   85
  Camp Hauchachi, near Old Presido, San Pedro (SE) |
  Pueblo Viejo (NE)                                |  150
  San Carlos (NE)                                  |  160
  -----------------------------------------------------------


Tucson to Camp Crittenden (east slope of Santa Rita Range) via
Davidson’s.

  ======================================================================
                                                        |        | _Total_
                                                        |_Miles._|_Miles._
  ---------------------------------------------------------------|------
  Forks of Road (left fork to Bowie)                    |   14   |
  Davidson’s Spring                                     |   12   |   26
  Mescal Ranch (left fork to Camp Wallen and Babocomori)|   13   |   39
  Road to Cienega                                       |    2   |   41
  Camp Crittenden                                       |    9   |   50
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------


The Same, via Tubac.

  ======================================================================
                                                        |        | _Total_
                                                        |_Miles._|_Miles._
  ---------------------------------------------------------------|------
  Tucson to San Xavier del Bac                          |        |
    (Papago Indian Reservation)                         |    9   |
  La Punta de Aqua Ranch                                |    2   |  11
  Saurita Ranch                                         |    9   |  20
  Canoé (no water in dry season, grass                  |        |
    and wood abundant)                                  |   12   |  32
  Tubac                                                 |   13   |  45
  Calabasas                                             |   13   |  58
  Smith’s Ranch (main road to Sonora;                   |        |
    left fork to Crittenden)|                           |    3   |  61
  Sonoita (Aztec and Tubac mill-sites, ranch,           |        |
    and saw-mill)                                       |   13   |  74
  Camp Crittenden                                       |   13   |  87
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------


Prescott


  =================================================
              _To_                       |   _Miles_.
  -------------------------------------------------
  Nephi, Utah, U. South’n R. R. (N)      |    500
  Fort Wingate, N. M. (E)                |    286
  Present Terminus of Denver &           |
    Rio Grande N. G. R. R. (E)           |    540
  Clifton, Longfellow Copper Mines,      |
    via Mogollon Plateau (E). Estimated  |    320
  Wickenburg (S)                         |     82
  Phœnix (S by E)                        |    142
  Florence (S by E)                      |    192
  Tucson (S by E)                        |    267
  Tubac (S by E)                         |    313
  Camp Bowie (E by S)                    |    392
  Ebrenberg (SW)                         |    213
  Silver King (E of S)                   |    190
  Chino Valley (N)                       |     22
  Aqua Fria Valley (E)                   |     15
  Camp Verde (E)                         |     42
  Montezuma Wells (N of E)               |     55
  San Francisco Mt’n (NE)                |     85
    ”      ”  Forest (NE)                |     65
  Black Cañon (SE)                       |     52
  Alexandria, Peck Mill (S)              |      7
  Mill on the Hassayampa (S)             |     10
  Walnut Grove, mill, etc. (S)           |     17
  Colorado Chiquito, Sunset Crossing,    |
    (N of E)                             |    132
  Moqui Pueblos (N of E). Est’d          |    180
  Stoneman’s Lake (N of E)               |     73
  -----------------------------------------------


Wickenburg

  =============================================
        _To_                       | _Miles._
  ---------------------------------------------
  Vulture Mills (N)                |     1
  Smith’s (S)                      |    15
  Vulture Mine (SE)                |    11
  Aqua Fria (S)                    |    43
  Lambley’s (S)                    |     8
  Cave Creek Mines (N by E)        |    40
  Camp McDowell (SE)               |    95
  -----------------------------------------

=From Tubac.=

(Principal point in the Santa Cruz Valley, Santa Rita mining region.)

  =========================================================================
       _To_                                              |_Miles._|_Total_
                                                         |        |_Miles._
  -------------------------------------------------------+--------+--------
  Tucson                                                 |  46    |
  Tumacacori Mission (King’s)                            |   3    |    3
  Old Hacienda del Santa Rita                            |   9    |   12
  Toltec Camp, Aztec District                            |   9    |   12
  Sonoita, Aztec and Tubac Mill-sites                    |   5½   |   17½
     ”   , via Smith’s Ranch                             |        |   29
  San Xavier del Bac                                     |        |   36
  Reventon Ranch                                         |        |    6
  Sopori                                                 |        |   10
  Arivaca                                                |        |   17
  Calabasas                                              |        |   15
  Cerro--Colorado District                               |        |   22
  Patagonia Mountains (Mowry Mines)                      |        |   48
  Fresnal                                                |        |   65
  Ajo Copper Mines                                       |        |  135
  Aliza Pass (Baboquivera Peak). Estimated               |        |   30
  Canabi (Old Papago Country)        ”                   |        |   60
  Papago Ranch (Sonora)                                  |        |   90
   ”       ”   (A. T.) by way of the Mexican Papago Ranch|        |  113
  Cayote Springs                                         |        |   45
  Cuijota                                                |        |   72
  Cholla                                                 |        |   90
  Saguarza                                               |        |   96
  Santa Rosa                                             |        |   75
  Pirigua                                                |        |   92
  Sonoita (Sonora, by way of Old Papago Ranch)           |        |  160
  St. Domingo (on Sonora line)                           |        |  175
  Camp Crittenden                                        |        |   42
    ”  Wallen (Babocomori Ranch)                         |        |   63
  Camp Bowie (via Camp Crittenden)                       |        |  139
  Florence (via Tucson)                                  |        |  108
  Yuma (via Tucson)                                      |        |  345
  San Francisco (via Yuma, Stage & S. P. R. R.)          |        |1,065
  Phœnix (via Florence)                                  |        |  157
  Wickenburg (via Phœnix)                                |        |  222
  Ehrenberg (via Wickenburg)                             |        |  349
  El Paso, Texas, (via Tucson)                           |        |  445
  Mesilla, New Mexico, (via Tucson)                      |        |  394
  St. Louis (via N. M. Stage and Ks. R. Rds.)            |        |1,778
  Austin, Texas, (via El Paso)                           |        |1,095
  Mexican towns (via Santa Cruz Valley):                 |        |
                    Magdalena                            |        |   51
                    Santa Cruz                           |        |   54
                    Altar                                |        |   95
                    Hermosillo                           |        |  229
                    Lobos                                |        |  309
                    Guaymas[1]                           |        |  229
  -------------------------------------------------------+--------+------
  [1] Ports in Sonora, on the Gulf of California.

=Ehrenberg to=

                        _Miles._
  Wickenberg (E)          131
  Prescott (E)             82

Mineral Park, Mojave County.

  ===========================================================
      _To_                                        | _Miles._
  ------------------------------------------------+----------
  Hardyville, Colorado River (S by W)             |    35
  Cerbat, village (S)                             |     6
  McCracken Mine, Owen Dist. (S.)                 |   100
  Greenwood, mills, village, etc. (E of S)        |   100
  Hackberry Mine (E)                              |    35
  Haulapai Mt’ns (SE)                             |    80
      ”    Camp (E)                               |   103
  Williamson’s Valley (E)                         |   121
  Prescott (S. E)                                 |   141
  ------------------------------------------------+----------


Phœnix

  ===========================================================
      _To_                                        | _Miles._
  ------------------------------------------------+----------
  Wickenburg (N)                                  |    60
  Florence (S)                                    |    50
  Maricopa Wells (SW)                             |    35
  Camp McDowell (E)                               |    35
  East Phœnix (E)                                 |     4
  Ruins, north of river (E)                       |     4
  Hayden (E by S)                                 |     9
  Ruins, near La Tempe (E by S)                   |    16
  House’s Well (S)                                |    20
  Marysville (E)                                  |    18
  Mount McDowell (E by N)                         |    20
  Placers, Superstition Mt’ns (E by S)            |    40
  ------------------------------------------------+----------


Florence

  ===========================================================
      _To_                                        | _Miles._
  ------------------------------------------------+----------
  Silver King, mine and mills, Pioneer Dist. (NE) |    35
  Globe City (G. D.) Pinal Mt’ns (NE)             |    75
  Wheatfield, mines and furnaces (NE)             |    87
  Stonewall Jackson, McMillen’s Camp (NE)         |    93
  San Carlos (NE)                                 |   115
  Sanford (W)                                     |     6
  Casa Grande (SW)                                |    12
  Adamsville (W)                                  |     5
  Pima Villages (W)                               |    34
  Maricopa Villages (W by N)                      |    42
  Maricopa Wells                                  |    46
  Tucson (SW)                                     |    63
  Phœnix (NW)                                     |    50
  Wickenburg (NW)                                 |   110
  Prescott (NW)                                   |   192
  Mineral Park (NW)                               |   333
  Yuma (W)                                        |   237
  Tucson (S)                                      |   163
  Prescott (NW)                                   |   192
  Camp Grant (E)                                  |    50
  Silver City, N. M. (E)                          |   288
  ------------------------------------------------+----------


Railroad and Stage to Prescott.

The cheaper route to Prescott is from San Francisco via Dos Palmas,
(160 miles east of Los Angeles) and stage thence through or via
Ehrenburg--Dos Palmas to Prescott being about 200 miles.

Express trains leave San Francisco daily at 4 P. M.--arrive at Dos
Palmas 2:10 A. M. second night.

Third class trains leave San Francisco daily at 4:30 P. M.--arrive at
Dos Palmas at 2:10 P. M. third night.

Stage leaves Dos Palmas immediately after arrival of the train, every
other night.

There are two rates of fare to Prescott via Dos Palmas and Ehrenburg.
First class, $78.10; third class, $67.10, coin.

The most comfortable, but more expensive route, is via rail to Yuma
River steamer to Ehrenburg, and stage thence to Prescott. But this
connection depends upon the running of the steamer up the river
from Yuma, of which the departures are irregular. Trains leave San
Francisco: first class, at 4 P. M.--arrive at Yuma second morning at
8:30 A. M.; third class, at 4:30 P. M.--arrive at Yuma third morning at
8:30 A. M.

Fare from San Francisco to Yuma: first class, $45; third class, $34.

Yuma to Ehrenburg: cabin, $15; deck, $10. Ehrenburg to Prescott, $33.

Through tickets are not issued by this route.

A daily stage connection is made from Yuma via Phœnix, by which route
through tickets are sold from San Francisco to Prescott, at first class
rates, $117; third class being $106.

  =Miscellaneous Distances.=                               _Miles._

  Colton (S. P. R. R.) Cal., to Fort Mojave, A. T.                    135
  San Francisco to Yuma (S. P. R. R.)                                 720
  St. Louis to Prescott (estimated)                                 1,500
  St. Louis to Tucson (estimated)                                   1,500
  St. Louis to Florence (estimated)                                 1,500
  Fort Defiance to Prescott (estimated)                               240


  =Papagoria Distances.=

  [ESTIMATED.]

  Santa Rosa to Cojéta                                                 12
  Cojéta to the Gila (Pima Villages)                                   50
  Pirigua to the Gila (Cotterell’s Station)                            55
  Pirigua to the Sonora line                                           40
  Pirigua to the Saucita (north)                                       25
  Ajo Copper Mines to the Gila (Burke’s)                               45
  Ajo Copper Mines to the Gila (Mohawk Station)                        50
  Sonora line, via the Cabezo Prieta, to the Gila                      70
  Sonora line, via the Tinajaalta, to Yuma                            110


  =Local Distances in Yavapai County.=

  Prescott to Chino Valley                                             20
     ”     ”  Agua Fria Valley                                         18
     ”     ”  Alexandra                                                40
     ”     ”  San Francisco Mountain                                   85
     ”     ”  Walnut Grove                                             25
     ”     ”  Tiger Lode and Mine                                      40
     ”     ”  Black Cañon                                              60
  Azltan Mill to Black Cañon                                           75
  Peck Mine to        ”                                               100
  Walnut Grove to Tiger Lode                                           20
     ”         ”  Peck Mine                                            30
  Camp Verde to Beaver Creek                                           12
     ”       ”  Hassayampa                                             10
  Clifton to Longfellow Copper Mine                                     7
     ”    ”  Silver City, N. M.                                        80
     ”    ”  Coronado,     ”                                           10


  =Local Distances in Mojave County.=

  Summit Springs to Aubrey                                             50
  Mineral Mine to The Needles                                          45
  McCracken Mine to Aubrey (via Planet Mine)                           30
  McCracken Mine to Parker                                             50
  Signal to McCracken Mine                                              8
  Signal to Greenwood                                                   4


  =Colorado River Distances.=
                                                    _Miles._    _Total_
                                                                _Miles._
  Point Isabel (Gulf of California) to Yuma                       175
  Yuma to Castle Dome Landing                          35         210
     ”    Ehrenberg                                   125         335
     ”    William’s Fork                              214         424
     ”    Mojave Cañon                                232         442
     ”    Aubrey                                      220         395
     ”    Chemchuevis Landing                         240         405
     ”    Mojave                                      300         465
     ”    Hardyville                                  312         477
     ”    Cottonwood Island                           342         507
     ”    Callville                                   402         567
     ”    Stone’s Ferry                               465         640


  =Local Distances in Pinal County.=

  Florence to Picket Post                                          25
  Globe City to Pinal Creek                                        18


  =Local Distances in Pima County.=

  Tucson to Arivipa Cañon (N. E.)                                 120
  Tucson to Picacho Mine (W.)                                      75

       *       *       *       *       *

The famous Turquoise Mine is in New Mexico, near the Arizona line. It
comprises two enormous open quarries, perhaps 200 feet in depth at the
deepest point, and covering an area of several acres. They must have
been produced with great labor, since there are no traces anywhere of
the use of tools or gunpowder. Tradition refers these workings to a
period of greater antiquity than the Spanish occupation, and declares
them to have been executed by the Aztec inhabitants of the regions
who preceded the present Indian races. Stone hammers have been found
in these quarries, but no tools of any metal. The trachyte is seamed
and fissured throughout, at small intervals, and in every direction;
and there is no reason to doubt that hammers, wedges, and levers
would be quite sufficient to remove the solid masses. The turquoise
occurs fully in the fissures, in the form of narrow seams and plates,
rarely or never exceeding the fraction of an inch in thickness. The
majority of the seams now exposed show the impure green variety, which
is worthless. The Pueblo Indians, like civilized people, value the
light-blue turquoise only.

Stage arrives at Florence every morning at 7 A. M. from Tucson, and
leaves half an hour later for Yuma; stage from Yuma arrives every
evening at 6 P. M., and leaves for Tucson half an hour later. Stage
to Globe City leaves every Tuesday at 8 A. M., and arrives at 8 P. M.
Saturday. Phœnix and Prescott stages leave every other day at 7 A.
M., and arrive alternate days at 12 midnight. Stage for Silver King
leaves every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 7 A. M., and arrives every
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 4 P. M.

The military-geographical surveys, up to the fall of 1876, under Lieut.
Wheeler, in central and western Arizona, have covered a total area
of 17,954.6 square miles, or 11,490,944 acres. Of this total, it is
estimated that 25 per cent., or 4,488 square miles, being 2,875,238
acres, are fit for agricultural purposes, mostly requiring irrigation.
The timber is set down at 10 per cent., or 1,149,094 acres. For
grazing, the estimate is 30 per cent., and as barren, 35 per cent. The
total available land in the area surveyed is thus set down at 65 per
cent., being 11,670.6 square miles, or 7,469,114 acres.


  Temperatures and Rainfall.

  A = Temperature.
  B = Rainfall.

  =======================================================================
            | Camp  ||      Fort     ||      Camp     ||      Camp     ||
            |Apache.||     Bowie.    ||     Grant.    ||     Lowell.   ||
  ----------+-------||---------------||---------------||---------------||
            |   A   ||   A   |   B   ||   A   |   B   ||   A   |   B   ||
  ----------+-------||-------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------||
            |  Deg. ||  Deg. | Inch. ||  Deg. | Inch. ||  Deg. | Inch. ||
            |       ||       |       ||       |       ||       |       ||
  July      | 60-104|| 71-103|  0.50 || 58-109|  1.70 || 39-113|  0.08 ||
  August    | 66- 88|| 64- 97|  1.34 || 55-102|  5.20 || 46-104|  2.73 ||
  September | 52- 92|| 67- 99|  0.01 || 53- 99|  2.50 || 52-103|  0.62 ||
  October   | 28- 92|| 42- 96|  0.03 || 35-100|  0.46 || 21-101|  0.00 ||
  November  | 25- 81|| 33- 85|  1.12 || 31- 81|  3.38 || 30- 91|  1.32 ||
  December  |  6- 62|| 20- 70|  2.02 || 21  82|  1.75 || 25- 78|  0.97 ||
  January   |  6- 68|| 21- 67|  2.33 || 20- 85|  1.58 || 19- 78|  1.76 ||
  February  | 10- 65|| 20- 67|  5.40 || 16- 80|  2.87 || 21- 75|  1.66 ||
  March     | 18- 72|| 32- 79|  1.50 || 28- 86|  2.45 || 30- 79|  1.19 ||
  April     | 31- 88|| 32- 82|  0.35 || 30- 93|  0.58 || 34- 97|  0.43 ||
  May       | 38- 94|| 48-100|  0.00 || 30-101|  0.07 || 42-103|  0.07 ||
  June      | 57-101|| 67-100|  0.00 || 54-105|  0.00 || 44-108|  0.00 ||
  ----------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------||
            |       ||       | 14.60 ||       | 22.54 ||       | 10.83 ||
  ==========|=======||=======|=======||=======|=======||=======|=======||

--continued

  ==============================================================
            |      Camp     ||      Camp     ||      Camp     ||
            |    Mcdowell.  ||     Mojave.   ||     Verde.    ||
            |               ||               ||               ||
  ----------+---------------||---------------||---------------||
            |   A   |   B   ||   A   |   B   ||   A   |   B   ||
  ----------+-------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------||
            |  Deg. | Inch. ||  Deg. | Inch. ||  Deg. | Inch. ||
            |       |       ||       |       ||       |       ||
  July      | 72-113|  0.00 || 47-118|  0.00 || 48-113|  0.14 ||
  August    | 65-108|  0.56 || 52-116|  3.80 || 58-102|  2.52 ||
  September | 54-110|  0.00 || 45-108|  0.00 || 41- 97|  0.26 ||
  October   | 33-108|  0.00 || 27-105|  0.00 || 21- 95|  0.00 ||
  November  | 33- 99|  0.21 || 36- 89|  0.50 || 20- 74|  0.74 ||
  December  | 27- 83|  4.70 || 29- 67|  2.80 ||  6- 57|  3.26 ||
  January   | 24- 83|  3.10 || 27- 70|  0.19 ||  5- 59|  2.65 ||
  February  | 18- 78|  2.86 || 29- 69|  5.00 || 12- 60|  2.05 ||
  March     | 31- 79|  1.06 || 39- 80|  0.20 || 19- 72|  1.05 ||
  April     | 43- 97|  1.30 || 54- 96|  0.10 || 27- 87|  1.48 ||
  May       | 43-105|  0.30 || 63-107|  0.90 || 34-102|  0.08 ||
  June      | 54-114|  0.00 || 75-111|  0.00 || 43-107|  0.00 ||
  ----------|-------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------||
            |       | 14.09 ||       | 13.40 ||       | 14.19 ||
  ==========|=======|=======||=======|=======||=======|=======||

--continued

  ============================================
            |     Fort      ||     Fort      |
            |    Whipple.   ||     Yuma.     |
            |   (Prescott). || (Yuma City).  |
  ----------+-------|-------||-------|-------|
            |   A   |  B    ||  A    |  B    |
  ----------+-------|-------||-------|-------|
            |  Deg. |Inch.  || Deg.  |Inch.  |
            |       |       ||       |       |
  July      | 65- 91| 1.56  || 69-112| 0.00  |
  August    | 64- 85| 4.78  || 71-106| 1.60  |
  September | 50- 82| 0.30  || 59-104| 0.00  |
  October   | 33- 81| 0.00  || 48-100| 0.00  |
  November  | 29- 72| 0.80  || 46- 86| 0.00  |
  December  | 10- 65| 2.55  || 39- 61| 0.64  |
  January   | 17- 67| 5.51  || 37- 72| 0.55  |
  February  | 10- 55| 5.68  || 35- 70| 0.85  |
  March     | 20- 65| 3.56  || 40- 82| 0.20  |
  April     | 34- 75| 1.70  || 45- 95| 0.00  |
  May       | 41- 82| 0.65  || 50-102| 0.00  |
  June      | 55- 88| 0.00  || 66-108| 0.00  |
  ----------|-------|-------||-------|-------|
            |       |27.09  ||       | 3.84  |
  ==========|=======|=======||=======|=======|

At Florence, July, 1877, the thermometer stood at 100 to 115 deg.

In Gila Valley, near the mouth of San Pedro, August and September,
1876, 50 deg. at sunrise; 105 deg. at 2 P. M.; early in October, 30
deg. at sunrise--90 deg. at 2 P. M.; close of October, 15 deg. at
sunrise--90 deg. at 2 P. M.

In Gila Valley, on the New Mexico and Arizona line, October 17th, 1876,
at sunrise, 28 deg.--at base of mountain range, ten miles distant, 40
deg.; Oct. 18th, at sunrise, 14 deg.--4,500 feet altitude; Oct. 19th,
at sunrise, 40 deg.--5,200 feet altitude.

At Mineral Peak, during June and July, 1877, the thermometer repeatedly
reached 100 deg.

August 8th to 13th, 1877, 30 miles below Sunset Crossing, on the
Colorado Chiquito, the thermometer stood, at sunrise, 62 to 64 deg.; at
2 P. M. 82 to 85 deg.; at sunset, 71 to 75 deg.--3,700 feet above sea
level. Table of Altitudes--Principal Points in Arizona.

  =========================================================================
                   |           |           |Altitudes|
                   |           |           |above    |
     PLACE.        |   Lat.    |   Long.   |Sea Level|   REMARKS.
  -----------------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------
                   | °  ′   ″  | °  ′   ″  |         |
  Antelope Springs |    ...    |   ...     | 8,065.1 |
  Apache Camp      |33 48 18.70|32 52      | 5,000.9 |
  Apache Mesa      |    ...    |   ...     | 5,800.0 |
  Art-too-hah      |    ...    |           |         |
   (Cañon Creek)   |35 44 43.28|   ...     |   ...   |Bunch-grass, cedars.
  Beaver Creek     |34 44 02.52|   ...     | 3,671.4 |
  Big Hills        |33 23 07.70|   ...     | 5,702.5 |
  Bill William Mt. |    ...    |   ...     | 8,000.0 |
  Black Hills or   |           |           |         |
   Tonto Plateau   |    ...    |   ...     | 9,000.0 |Estimated.
  Bonché’s Fork    |34 33 08.54|   ...     | 5,820.1 |
  Bowie Camp       |32 10 16.02|   ...     | 4,871.6 |
  Bradshaw City    |    ...    |   ...     | 7,000.0 |
  Cedar Creek      |34 04      |   ...     |   ...   |
  Chevelon’s Fork  |    ...    |   ...     | 4,000.0 |Trib Col. Chiquito.
  Chevelon’s Fork, |           |           |         |
   upper course    |    ...    |   ...     | 5,200.0 |Estimated.
  Chirricahua Mts. |    ...    |   ...     | 7,000.0 |Estimated.
  Desert Station   |32 30 08.80|   ...     | 2,135.2 |
  Diamond Creek    |35 45 19.11|   ...     | 1,350.4 |
  Disaster Rapids  |35 55 52.10|   ...     |   ...   |Colorado River.
  Eureka Springs   |    ...    |   ...     | 4,900.0 |
  Florence         |33 02 32.53|           |   ...   |Town 1,000 inhabitants
                   |           |           |         | in Gila Valley,
                   |           |           |         | fertile.
  Gila River near  |           |           |         |
   Camp Goodwin    |    ...    |   ...     | 2,517.0 |
  Graham Peak, Mt. |           |           |         |Nearly 6,000 feet
   Graham          |    ...    |   ...     |10,516.0 | above base.
  Grant, Camp      |32 25      |32 23 10   | 3,985.0 |Suyly.
   (new)           |           |           | 4,753.0 |Rothrowp.
                   |           |           | 4,833.0 |Wheeler Map.
                   |           |           | 5,400.0 |
  Grant, Camp (old)|32 47 35.00|113 37 15  | 2,500.0 |Abandoned, Jan. 1873.
  Green Springs    |36 11 13.00|   ...     | 4,931.2 |Little wood & water,
                   |           |           |         | wood in gulch.
  Limestone Water  |           |           |         |Little wood, grass;
   Pocket          |36 32 18.40|   ...     | 5,405.4 | to right of road,
                   |           |           |         | water in small gulch.
  Lowell Camp      |           |           |         |
   (Tucson)        |32 12      | 33 49     | 2,530.0 |
  McDowell Camp    |33 40      |111 40     | 1,800.0 |
  Mineral Park     |    ...    |   ...     | 3,000.0 |Approximate.
  Moen-copie Cañon |36 08      |   ...     | 4,984.1 |
  Mogollon Mesa    |    ...    |   ...     | 7,000.0 |
  Mojave Camp      |35 24      |114 34 40  |   600.0 |
  Navajo Spring    |36 46 19.10|   ...     | 4,410.02|Wood, grass, & water
                   |           |           |         | scarce.
  New Creek (Ives) |35 36 51.00|   ...     |   ...   |Pabroach Spring;
                   |           |           |         | plenty of wood,
                   |           |           |         |water, and grass.
  Nelson’s Tanks   |34 46 20.42|   ...     | 6,216.0 |Or Mogollon Mesa.
  Oraybe           |35 52 57.00|   ...     | 4,756.8 |Moqui Village and
                   |           |           |         | tank near.
  -----------------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------

Table of Altitudes--Continued.

  =========================================================================
                   |           |           |Altitudes|
                   |           |           |above    |
     PLACE.        |   Lat.    |   Long.   |Sea Level|   REMARKS.
  -----------------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------
                   | °  ′   ″  |  °  ′  ″  |         |
  Pah-guhn Springs |36 24 51.83|   ...     |   ...   |
  Pah-wash         |35 36 51.00|   ...     |   ...   |New Creek of Ives.
  Paria River Cañon|           |           |         |
   (Great bend     |           |           |         |
    Col.)          |36 59      |   ...     | 3,873.5 |
  Peach Orchard    |35 46 42.40|   ...     | 6,297.5 |
  Picacho Station  |32 44 20.67|   ...     | 1,750.2 |
  Picket Post      |33 17 01.27|   ...     | 2,669.6 |
  Pinal Camp       |33 21 01.45|   ...     |   ...   |
  Pinal Creek      |33 32      |   ...     | 3,112.2 |
  Pinal Mountains  |33 23 10.24|   ...     | 3,925.5 |
  Portage Rapids   |35 48 35.90|   ...     |   ...   |
  Prescott         |34    29.06|  35 27 30 | 5,318.0 |
  Prieto Crossing  |33 33 47.30|   ...     | 5,332.8 |
  Pueblo Colorado  |35 42 10.40|   ...     | 6,400.9 |
  Pueblo Viga      |32 49 00.00|   ...     | 2,711.6 |
  Puerto River     |           |           |         |
   (mouth)         |34 53 16.80|   ...     | 5,083.0 |
  Rattlesnake Cañon|34 55 49.83|   ...     | 4,600.0 |
  Relief Springs   |35 08 34.28|   ...     | 5,526.6 |Near Lookwood’s.
  San Francisco    |           |           |         |Forest and sheep
   Mts. (Humphrey’s|           |           |         | range. Extinct
   Peak)           |    ...    |   ...     |12,561.0 | crater.
                   |           |           |         |
  San Francisco    |           |           |         |
   Mts. average    |           |           |         |
   height          |           |           | 7,000.0 |Volcanic.
  San Pedro River  |32 43      |    ...    | 5,874.5 |Grass, water, wood;
                   |           |           |         | settlements.
  Santa Rita Mts.  |    ...    |    ...    | 8,000.0 |Water, grass, wood
                   |           |           |         | plenty. Camp Toltec
                   |           |           |         | near Tubac.
  Sierra Blanca    |    ...    |    ...    |11,388.0 |On Mexican line.
  Sunset Camp      |33 13 24.00|    ...    | 5,276.2 |Colorado Chiquito.
  Sunset Crossing  |33 59 41.70|    ...    | 4,891.5 |Colorado to Chiquito.
  Truxton Springs  |35 24 52.51|    ...    | 3,885.5 |Bunch-grass, sage
                   |           |           |         | brush; water good.
  Tucson           |    ...    |    ...    | 2,500.0 |Town, 4,000
                   |           |           |         | inhabitants.
  Verde, Camp      |34 33      |  34 57    | 3,500.0 |
  Whipple, Fort    |34 29 6    |  35 27 30 |         |Near Prescott.
  Willow Spring    |    ...    |    ...    | 7,195.0 |
  Wingate, Fort,   |           |           |         |
   N. M.           |35 20      |  31 22    | 6,822.0 |United States Post.
  Wrightson, Mt.   |           |           |         |
    (Santa Rita)   |    ...    |    ...    |10,500.0 |Mining camps near.
  Young’s Spring   |35 32 04.28|    ...    |         |
  Yuma, Fort       |32 23 3    |  37 33 9  |   267.0 |110 ft above river
                   |           |           |         | bank on bluff. Yuma
                   |           |           |         | city on east back of
                   |           |           |         | Colorado.
  Zuni Mts. (N. M.)|    ...    |    ...    | 9,000.0 |Estimated.
  -----------------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------------------

The surveyors for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé Railroad have pressed
work beyond Cimarron, New Mexico, and expect to extend their surveys as
far as Tucson, Arizona, during the present winter. The building of the
road, however, will depend largely upon the corporation’s ability in
obtaining a land (or other) subsidy from Congress.

=List of all Mining Companies who have Filed their Articles of
Incorporation in the Office of the Secretary of Territory to October
1st, 1877.=

  ===========================================================================
                  |  Capital  |No. of |             |         |Principal Place
       NAME       |  Stock.   |Shares.|  District.  | County. | of Business.
  ----------------+-----------+-------+-------------+---------+--------------
  Arizona Chief   |$10,000,000|100,000|San Francisco|Mohave.  |San Francisco.
  Arizona Con     |  5,000,000|100,000|Peck         |Yavapai. |Prescott.
  Athens          | 10,000,000|100,000|Pioneer      |Pinal.   |San Francisco.
  Bonanza King    | 10,000,000|100,000|Harcuoar?    |Yuma.    |      ”
  Bronknow Con.   |           |       |             |         |
    M. & M.       |  1,800,000| 18,000|   ...       |Pima.    |      ”
  Cedar Valley    |  1,000,000| 10,000|Cedar Valley |Mohave.  |Mohave.
  Cedar Valley    |           |       |             |         |
    G’ld          |  2,500,000| 25,000|Greenwood    |  ”      |San Francisco.
  Cerbat Con.     |           |       |             |         |
    G. & S.       |  4,000,000| 40,000|Wallapai     |  ”      |      ”
  Champion Con.   |           |       |             |         |
    G. & S.       |  4,000,000| 40,000|   ”         |  ”      |      ”
  Colorado River  |           |       |             |         |
    Copper & Gold.|  5,000,000| 50,000|             |Yuma     |      ”
  Coronado        |     60,000|    600|Arizona      | and     |New Mexico.
  Cosmopolitan    |     10,000|    100|At large     |         |Prescott.
  Cupel & Tiger   |  4,900,000| 49,000|Wallapai     |Mohave.  |San Francisco.
  Daisy Deane     |  3,000,000| 30,000|At large     |         |      ”
  Detroit Copper  |    500,000| 20,000|   ”         |         |Detroit, Mich.
  Eureka Bonanza  | 10,000,000|100,000|Eureka       |         |San Francisco.
  Excelsior Silver| 10,000,000|100,000|             |Pinal.   |      ”
  Goodwin         | 10,000,000|100,000|Turkey Creek |Yavapai. |      ”
  Greenwood Gold  |  2,500,000| 25,000|Greenwood    |Mohave.  |      ”
  Haskin          | 10,000,000|100,000|Globe        |Pinal.   |      ”
  Keystone, 1 & 2,|           |       |             |         |
    G. & S.       |  3,000,000| 30,000|Wallapai     |Mohave.  |      ”
  Lone Star       |           |       |             |         |
    G. & S.       |     50,000|  5,000|   ”         |  ”      |Mohave Co.
  Longfellow      |           |       |             |         |
    Copper        |     50,000|    100|Arizona      |and      |New Mexico.
  May Bean        |  2,500,000|100,000|Peck         |Yavapai. |Prescott.
  McCrackin Con   | 20,000,000|200,000|             |Mohave.  |San Francisco.
  McMillen        | 10,000,000|100,000|Globe        |Pinal.   |Santa Rosa, Cal.
  Mina Madre      |    300,000|  3,000|At large     |         |Tucson.
  Mineral Park    |           |       |             |         |
    (mill)        |  1,200,000| 12,000|   ”         |         |San Francisco.
  Montour         |    96,000 | 96,000|   ”         |         |      ”
  Northern M. & M.| 10,000,000|100,000|Pioneer      |Pinal.   |      ”
  Ostrich M. & M. |    300,000|  6,000|             |Pima.    |Tucson.
  Peck            | 10,000,000|100,000|Peck         |Yavapai. |San Francisco.
  Pima G. & S.    | 10,000,000|100,000|             |Pima.    |      ”
  Pine Flat       |    100,000|  5,000|Turkey Creek |Yavapai. |Prescott.
  Silver King     |           |       |             |         |
    North         | 10,000,000|100,000|Pioneer      |Pinal.   |San Francisco.
  Silver King     |           |       |             |         |
    South         | 10,000,000|100,000|Pioneer      |  ”      |      ”
  Sixty-Three     |           |       |             |         |
    G. & S.       |  4,000,000| 40,000|Wallapai     |Mohave.  |      ”
  Tiger Silver    |  2,400,000| 24,000|Tiger        |Yavapai. |      ”
  Tip Top         |    480,000| 48,000|             |  ”      |      ”
  Vulture         |  5,000,000| 50,000|Wickenburg   |Marico’a.|New York City.
  Wallace         |  5,000,000| 50,000|Peck         |Yavapai. |Prescott.
  Wheatfield      |  2,400,000|    240|At large     |         |San Francisco.
  Zalida          |  2,500,000|100,000|Lynx Creek   |Yavapai. |Prescott.
  ----------------+-----------+-------+--------------+---------+-------------


=Mining Districts in Yavapai County.=

   1.  Aqua Fria.
   2.  Black Cañon.
   3.  Big Bug.
   4.  Bradshaw.
   5.  Goodwin.
   6.  Hassayampa.
   7.  Hum Bug.
   8.  Lynx Creek.
   9.  Mineral Point.
  10.  Mountain Spring.
  11.  Pine Grove.
  12.  Peck.
  13.  Turkey Creek.
  14.  Tiger.
  15.  Verde.
  16.  Wickenburg.
  17.  Walnut Grove.
  18.  Walker.
  19.  Weaver.

N. B.--A number of companies have also been incorporated in California
and elsewhere, for the purpose of mining in Arizona.


=Composition of Soils in Arizona.= (Accompanying Geological
Report, Wheeler Expedition, 1875.)

  ----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
                        |           |           |           |San        |
                        | Moquis    |Chevelon’s |Mogollon   |Francisco  |
                        |Villages.  |  Fork.    | Mesa.     |Mountains. |
  ----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
  Predominating rock    |Sandstone. |Sandstone. |Sandstone. |Basalt.    |
                        |           |           |           |           |
  Sand                  |   72.04   |   53.10   |   42.20   |   15.95   |
  Silt, with some clay  |   27.96   |   43.55   |   37.98   |   62.97   |
  Potassa               |    0.072  |    0.092  |    0.115  |    0.130  |
  Soda,                 | Traces.   |    0.010  | Trace.    |    0.017  |
  Lime                  |    1.665  |    0.319  |    0.153  |    0.684  |
  Magnesia              |  }        |           |    0.029  | Trace.    |
  Alumina               |  } 2.327  |    2.559  |  } 2.013  |    9.729  |
  Oxide of iron         |  }        |           |  }        |           |
  Phosphoric acid       |    0.031  |    0.070  |    0.058  |    0.284  |
  Sulphuric acid        | Trace.    | Trace.    | Trace.    | Trace.    |
  Hydroscopic water     |    2.221  |    1.89   |   10.97   |   12.83   |
  Chemically-bound      |           |           |           |           |
    water and           |           |           |           |           |
    organic matter      |   1,529   |    1.46   |    8.84   |    8.25   |
  Insoluble in          |           |           |           |           |
  hydrochloric acid     |   94.60   |   93.55   |   77.81   |   71.09   |
  ----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+

  ----------------------+------------+-----------+-----------+
                        |Rio         |           |           |
                        |San Pedro.  |Camp       |Rio Gila.  |
                        |            |Grant.     |           |
  ----------------------+------------+-----------+-----------+
  Predominating rock    |Granite and |Granite.   |Basalt and |
                        |rhyolite.   |           |rhyolite.  |
  Sand                  |   14.00    |   61.20   |    ...    |
  Silt, with some clay  |   75.40    |   34.07   |   92.26   |
  Potassa               |    0.401   |    0.131  |    0.242  |
  Soda,                 |    0.051   |    0.014  |    0.039  |
  Lime                  |    4.356   |    1.998  |    1.798  |
  Magnesia              |    1.019   |    0.203  |    0.570  |
  Alumina               |    6.850   |    2.304  |    2.311  |
  Oxide of iron         |            |           |           |
  Phosphoric acid       |    0.213   |    0.095  |    0.214  |
  Sulphuric acid        | Trace.     |    0.010  | Traces.   |
  Hydroscopic water     |    6.09    |    2.80   |    4.98   |
  Chemically-bound      |            |           |           |
    water and           |            |           |           |
    organic matter      |    4.51    |    1.93   |    2.76   |
  Insoluble in          |            |           |           |
  hydrochloric acid     |   71.10    |   87.52   |   84.85   |
  ----------------------+------------+-----------+-----------+

Among the secondary precious stones that have been found in Arizona
are black and green tourmalines, peridots, beautiful garnets of every
tint, bloodstone, jaspers and agate of every character, while fire and
white opals are found in certain localities. Zircona, in crystals,
very minute, of the cube form, and in masses, has been discovered.
Sufficient vein matter has not been found to determine any rich deposit
of fine crystals.


=Tabular Statement of Indian Affairs in Arizona=,

Showing Population, Products, Stock, Education, etc., on the several
Reservations, including the Navajo.

  --------------+--------------+------------------+-----+-------------+
                |              |                  |     |Percentage   |
    Names of    |              |  Population.     | Num-| of means    |
     Agency     |              |------------------| ber |of subsis-   |
       and      | Tribes.      |     |     |      |foll-|tence from   |
                |              |     |     |      |owing+-------------|
    Reservation.|              |     |     |      |civi-|civi-|Hunting|
                |              |     |     |      |lized|lized|Fishing|
                |              |     | Fe- |      |pur- |pur- |& Gath-|
                |              |Males|males|Total.|suits|suits|ering. |
  --------------|--------------+-----+-----+------+-----+-----+-------+
  Colorado River|Mojaves and } |  610|  530|   820|  424|     |       |
                |Chemehuevis } |     |     |      |Mo-  |     |       |
                |Hualapais[1]  |     |     |   600|javes|     |       |
                |Coahuilas[1]  |     |     |   150|     |     |       |
                |Cocopahs[1]   |     |     |   180|     |     |       |
                |              |     |     |      |     |     |       |
  Moquis Pueblos|Moquis        |  850|  850| 1,700|1,700|  90 |   10  |
                |              |     |     |      |     |     |       |
  Pimas and     |              |     |     |      |     |     |       |
    Maricopas   |Pimas[2]     }|2,200|2,300| 4,100|} 800|  75 |   25  |
                |Maricopas[2] }|     |     |   400|}    |     |       |
                |              |     |     |      |     |     |       |
  Papagoes      |Papagoes[2]   |2,900|3,000| 5,900|  950|  75 |   25  |
                |              |     |     |      |     |     |       |
  White Mountain|Pinal & Arivi-|     |     |      |}    |     |       |
  Reservation,  |  pais Apaches|     |     | 1,051|}    |     |       |
  San Carlos    |              |     |     |      |}    |     |       |
                |Apaches:      |     |     |      |}    |     |       |
                |  Chiricahua  |     |     |   297|}    |     |       |
                |  Mojave      |     |     |   618|} 715|   6 |    6  |
                |  Yuma        |     |     |   352|}    |     |       |
                |  Tonto       |     |     |   629|}    |     |       |
                |  Coyetoro    |     |     | 1,612|}    |     |       |
                |  Southern[3] | 600 |1,000| 1,600|     |     |       |
  Not under an }|Yumas         |     |     |   930|     |     |       |
  agent or at  }|Mohaves       |     |     |   700|     |     |       |
  reservation  }|Mohaves       |     |     |   700|     |     |       |
  Navajo        |              |     |     |      |     |     |       |
    (Arizona and|              |     |     |      |     |     |       |
    New Mexico) |Navajoes[4]   |5,852|6,016|11,868|3,500|  90 |       |
                |              |     |     |      |     |     |       |
                |              |     |     +------+-----+     |       |
                |              |     |     |33,847|8,089|     |       |
  --------------+--------------+-----+-----+------+-----+-----+--------

Table continued ...

  --------------+---------+------+-------------+------------+
                |         |      |  Produce    |            |
    Names of    | Area of |      |raised during|            |
     Agency     | Reser-  |      |fiscal year  |            |
       and      | vation. |      |    ending   |Stock Owned.|
                |         |      |June 30, ’77 |            +
    Reservation.|---------+Acres +------+------+------+-----+
                |         |Culti-|Bush. |Bush. |Horses|Cat- |
                | Acres.  |vated.|Wheat.|Corn. | and  |tle. |
                |         |      |      |      |Mules.|     |
  --------------|---------+------+------+------+------+-----+
  Colorado River|  128,000|   470|      |      |   110|     |
                |         |      |      |      |      |     |
  Moquis Pueblos|No reser-| 3,000|   200|    50|      |     |
                |  vation.|      |      |      |      |     |
  Pimas and     |         |      |      |      |      |     |
    Maricopas   |   64,000| 7,300|40,000|   150| 1,812|  800|
                |         |      |      |      |      |     |
                |         |      |      |      |      |     |
  Papagoes      |   70,400|   700| 2,100|   500| 4,500|2,500|
                |         |      |      |      |      |     |
  White Mountain|         |      |      |      |      |     |
  Reservation,  |2,528,000|   545| 2,333| 2,300|      |     |
  San Carlos    |         |      |      |      |      |     |
                |         |      |      |      |      |     |
  Not under an }|         |      |      |      |      |     |
  agent or at  }|         |      |      |      |      |     |
  reservation  }|         |      |      |      |      |     |
  Navajo        |         |      |      |      |      |     |
    (Arizona and|         |      |      |      |      |     |
    New Mexico) |3,328,000| 6,000|      |51,400|15,200|1,000|
                |         |      |      |      |      |     |
                |---------+------+------+------+------+-----+
                |6,118,400|18,015|      |54,460|62,212|4,300|
  --------------+---------+------+------+------+------+-----+

Table continued ...

  --------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
                | Number of     |              |
    Names of    | Children      |Expenditures  |
     Agency     |    at         |for           | Agent’s
       and      |  school.      | Education.   | Post
                |     |         |              | Office
    Reservation.|-----+---------+              |
                |Males|Females  |              |
  --------------|-----+---------+--------------|-------------
  Colorado River|     |         |              |Parker, A. T.
                |     |         |              |
  Moquis Pueblos|  40 |         |      $5,000  |
                |     |         |              |
  Pimas and     |     |         |              |
    Maricopas   |  44 |  22     |       1,750  |Sacaton, A. T.
                |     |         |              |
  Papagoes      |  44 |  50     |       1,800  |  Do.
                |     |         |              |
  White Mountain|     |         |              |
  Reservation,  |   2 |   5     |         200  |San Carlos, A. T.
  San Carlos    |     |         |              |
                |     |         |              |
  Not under an }|     |         |              |
  agent or at  }|     |         |              |
  reservation  }|     |         |              |
  Navajo        |     |         |              |
    (Arizona and|     |         |              |Navajo Ag’cy
    New Mexico) |  17 |   9     |         500  |Ft. Defiance,
                |     |         |              |   A. T.
                |-----+---------+--------------|
                | 147 |  86     |      $9,250  |
  --------------+-----+---------+--------------+-------------

[1] Not on reservation, but in charge of agent.

[2] The Papago Agency has recently been consolidated with that of the
Pimas and Maricopas.

[3] The Southern Apaches, consisting of the Gila, Mogollon, Mumbre,
and Chiricahua Apaches, were removed from the Hot Springs Agency, in
New Mexico, to the San Carlos Agency, in May, 1877, by Agent Clum.

[4] The Navajo Agency is in both Arizona and New Mexico. The Navajoes
mostly live in New Mexico.


The total areas of above reservations are 9,560 square miles; tillable
acres, 46,000. Besides corn and wheat, 5,200 bushels of barley and
oats, and 3,456 bushels of vegetables were raised; 380 tons hay and 800
cords wood were cut. The Navajoes sold woolen materials, principally
blankets, to the amount of $20,000. The number of church
members recorded is 13.




Bibliography of Arizona.

Authorities Consulted.


Abert (Lieut. J. W.). Reports of Examination of New Mexico in 1864-7.

Alarchon (Fernando). The Relation of the Navigation and Discovery which
Captain Fernando Alarchon made (1546). In Hakluyt’s Voy., vol. iii;
Ramusio, Navigationi, tom. iii; Ternaux Compans, Voy., série i, tom. ix.

America: An Account of the Spanish Settlements in. Edinburgh, 1762.

Antisell (Dr. Thomas). Geological Report, 32d parallel, from Pima
Villages to the Rio Grande. Pacific R. R. Explorations, vol. vii, 1856.

Arizona Mining Co. Reports. Ppht. 1864.

Aztec Syndicate Report. San Francisco, 1877; ppht.

Baldwin (John D.). Ancient America. New York, 1872.

Bancroft (H. H.). “Native Races,” 5 vols. San Francisco and New York,
1875.

Bartlett (John Russell). Personal Narrative of Explorations and
Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora and Chihuahua. New
York, 1854. 2 vols.

Blake (W. P.). Geological Exploration, 35th parallel, P. R. R. Reports,
vol. iii; 2d ditto, vol. ii; Statistical Atlas, United States, 1870.
See, also, U. S. Reports on Mines and Mining.

Brevoort (Elias). Resources of New Mexico. Ppht., 1874, Santa Fé.

Browne (J. Ross). The Apache Country. New York, 1874. See also 1st vol.
U. S. Mineral Reports, and Report on Santa Rita Mining Region. London,
ppht.

Carleton (James Henry). Diary of an Excursion to the Ruins of Abó,
etc., New Mexico. In Smithsonian Institute Report, 1854.

Casteñeda de Nágera (Pedro de). Relation du voyage de Cibola. In
Ternaux Compans, Voy., série i, tom. ix. Paris, 1838.

Cooke (P. St. G.). Scenes and Adventures in the Army.

Cortez (José). History of the Apache Nations (1779). In Pac. R. R.
Reports, vol. iii.

Cozzens. The Marvelous Country. Boston, 1873.

Cremony (John C.). “Life among the Apaches.” San Francisco, 1868.

Cuesta (Felipe Arroyo de la). A Vocabulary or Phrase Book of the Mutsun
Language of Alta California; (Shea’s Linguistics, No 8.) New York, 1862.

Ehrenberg (Herman). Map of the Gadsden Purchase. 1858. See, also,
Report of Sonora Mining Co.

Emory, Abert and Cooke. Notes of Military Reconnoisance, etc., in
New Mexico and California. (30th Cong., 1st Session, Ex. Doc. 41.)
Washington, 1848.

Font (Pedro). Notice sur la Grande Maison dite de Moctezuma. In Ternaux
Compans, Voy., série i, tom. ix. Paris, 1837.

Foster (J. W.). Prehistoric Races of the United States. Chicago, 1873.

Gallatin (Albert). Sur L’Ancienne Cuesta Sation du Nouveau Mexique. In
Nouvelles’ Annales de Voy., 1851, tom. cxxxi.

Gallatin (Albert). A Synopsis of the Indian Tribes. In Amer. Antiq.
Soc. Transact., vol. ii.

Garces (Francisco). Diario y Derrotero que Siguio el M. R. P. Fr. en su
viage desde Oct. de 1775, hasta Sept. de 1776, al Rio Colorado. In Doc.
Hist. Mex., série ii, tom. i.

Gird (Richard). Official Map of Territory. 1868.

Gordon (Thomas F.). The History of Ancient Mexico. Philadelphia, 1832.

Gregg (Josiah). Commerce of the Plains, 1844; 2 vols.; Philadelphia.

Hodge (H. C.). Arizona as it is. Boston, 1876.

Humboldt (Alex. de). Essai Politique sur le Royaume de la Nouvello
Espagne. Paris, 1811; folio; 2 vols. and Atlas.

Humboldt (Alex. de). Examen Cretique de L’Histoire de la Geographie du
Nouveau Continent. Paris, 1836-9; 5 vols.

Humboldt (Alex. de). Kosmos. Entwurf einer Physischen Weltbeschreibung.
Stuttgart, 1845-1862; 5 vols.

Humboldt (Alex. de). Vues des Cordilleres, et Monumens des Peuples
Indigenes de L’Amerique. Paris, 1816; 2 vols.

Indian Affairs. Report of the Commissioner. Washington, 1854, _et seq._
to 1877.

Ives (Joseph C.). Report upon the Colorado River of the West. 36 Cong.
1st Session, House, Ex. Doc. 90. Washington, 1861. 4to.

Johnson (Charles Granville). History of the Territory of Arizona. San
Francisco, 1848. 4to.

Johnston (J. E.). Military Reconnoisances in Texas, New Mexico, and
Navajoe Country. 1850.

Jones (George). The History of Ancient America. London, 1843.

Kino, Kappus and Mange. Itineraries of their travels in Sonora and on
the Gila River. In Doc. Hist. Mexico, série iv, tom. i.

Lamberg (E.). Inspecion de las Colonias Militares de Chihuahua. In Soc.
Mex. Geog. Boleton, tom. iii.

Land Office Reports, U. S., from 1870 to 1876.

Le Conte (Dr. J.). Colorado Desert. Am. Jour. Scie., vol. xix, (2) No.
55. January, 1855.

Letherman (Jona). Sketch of the Navajo Tribe of Indians. In Smithsonian
Report. 1855.

Mallory (Capt., U. S. A.). Map of Arizona, Southern California and
Sonora. San Francisco, 1876.

Marcy (Randolph B.). Report of Route from Fort Smith to Santa Fé. 31st
Cong., 1st Session, Senate Ex. Doc., 64. Washington, 1850.

Marcy (Randolph B.). Thirty Years of Army Life on the Border. New York,
1866.

Mexican Picture Writings. Fac-similes of Ancient Mexican Paintings and
Hieroglyphics. In Kingsborough’s Mex. Antiq., as follows:

    Codex Berlin. Fac-similes of Original Mexican Paintings
    deposited in the Royal Library of Berlin by the Baron de
    Humboldt. Vol. ii.

    Codex Bodleian. Fac-similes in Bodleian Library at Oxford. Nos.
    2858, 3135, 3207, 546, vols. i, ii.

    Codex Bologna. Fac-simile, Library of the Institute. Vol. ii.

    Codex Borgian. Fac-simile, Borgian Museum, Rome. Vol. iii.

    Codex Boturini. Fac-simile, Collection of Boturini. Vol. i.

    Codex Dresden. Fac-simile, Royal Library. Vol. ii.

    Codex Jejérvary. Fac-simile, in possession of M. F----. Vol.
    iii.

    Codex Mendoza. Copy of the Collection of Mendoza, vol. i.
    Explicacion de la Coleccion, vol. v. Interpretation of the
    Collection, vol. vi.

    Codex Vaticanus. Copy, Library of the Vatican, Rome. Vols. ii,
    iii. Spiegazione delle Tavole, vol. v. Translation, vol. vi.

    Codex Vienna. Fac-simile, Imperial Library. Vol. ii.

Mowry (Sylvester). Arizona and Sonora. New York, 1864.

Mowry (Sylvester). The Geography and Resources of Arizona and Sonora.
San Francisco, 1863.

Newberry (J. B.). Geological report Colorado River, 1854; also, of the
Green River, 1859-61.

Niza (Marco de). A Relation of the Reverend Father Friar Marco de Niza,
touching his discovery of Cenola, or Cibola. In Hakluyt’s Voyages, vol.
iii; Ternaux Compans, Voy, série i, tom. ix; Ramusio, Navigationi, tom.
iii.

Ortega (Francisco de). Apendice to Veytia, Aistoria Antigua de Mejico,
tom. iii.

Ortega (Francisco de). Relacion de Entrada que hizo à las Californias
el Capitan Francisco de Ortega el año de 1631. In Doc. Hist. Mex, série
ii, tom. iii.

Pacific Railroad Reports of Explorations and Surveys. Washington,
1855-60. 13 vols, 4to.

Poston (C. D.). Speech in the House of Representatives, March 2d, 1865;
also, Arizona. Royal Geographical Society. Pphts. 1874.

Powell, (J. W.). Colorado River Explorations, Smithsonian and
Department of Interior, 1869 to 1876. See also Scribner’s Magazine,
1875-6; American Journal of Science, vol. 5, p. 456.

Pumpelly (Raphael). Across Asia and America. New York, 1870.

Prescott (W. H.). History of the Conquest of Mexico. New York, 1844. 3
vols.

Rau (Charles). Indian Pottery. In Smithsonian Report, 1866.

Raymond (Prof.). U. S. Mineral Reports, 1870 to 1876.

Ribas (Andres Perez de). Historia de los Trivmphos de Nvestra Santa Fee
en las Misiones de la Provincia de Nueva. España, Madrid, 1645. Folio.

Ryan (Wm. Redmond). Personal Adventures in Upper and Lower California.
London, 1850. 2 vols.

Santa Rita Mining Co. Pphts, 1860-61. Reports--Grosvenor, Wrightson
Pumpelley, Stark.

Shepherd (A. K.). Papers on Spanish America. Albany, 1868.

Simpson (James H.). Coronado’s March in search of the “Seven Cities of
Cibola.” In Smithsonian Report, 1869.

Sonora. Descripcion Geográfica Natural Cúriosa de la Provincia de
Sonora (1764). In Da Hist. Mex, série iii, pt. iv.

Sonora Exploring and Mining Company. Pphts. 5 reports (1856, ’7, ’9 and
’60)--Bumekow, Heintzleman, Rustel, Ehrenberg, Poston and Lathrop.

Sonora. Rudo Ensayo, Tentativa de una Prevencional Descripcion
Geográfica de la Provincia de Sonora. (Same as preceding.) San
Augustin, 1863. 4to.

Squier (E. G.). New Mexico and California. In American Review, Nov.,
1848.

Ullo (Francisco de). A Relation of the Discovery, etc. (1539). In
Hakluyt’s Voyages, vol. iii; Ramusio, Navigationi, tom. iii.

Velasco (José Francisco). Noticias Estadísticas de Estaco de Sonora.
Mexico, 1850.

Vetch. On the Monuments and Relics of the Ancient Inhabitants of New
Spain. In London Geog. Soc. Jour, vol. vii.

Wheeler’s U. S. Topographical and Geological Surveys. Annual reports,
1873, ’4, ’5, ’6.

Whipple (A. W.). Reports of Explorations near 35th parallel, 1853-’4.
In Pacific R. R. Reports, vols. iii, iv.

Whipple, Ecobant and Turner. Report upon the Indian Tribes (1853). In
Pacific R. R. Reports, vol. iii.

Besides these authorities, files of the _Arizonian_, published at
Tubac; of the _Citizen_, Tucson; the _Sentinel_, Yuma; the _Miner_,
Prescott; and the _Enterprise_, of Mineral Park and Prescott; with
the _Alta California_ and _Evening Post_, San Francisco; have been
copiously referred to. There were also reports of the signal officer
in charge of U. S. Military Telegraph, of the department records, with
private notes and journals of J. D. Graham, W. G. Boyle, Prof. Rickard
and others, consulted during the preparation of this work.




Arizona Business Directory.


[The list is arranged according to post offices, and classified
according to counties. It is not presented as an accurate and
complete one, but it is the best that could be obtained, owing to the
carelessness and indifference of those who should be most interested in
forwarding the information solicited.]

Official Directory.

TERRITORIAL OFFICERS.

  Delegate to Congress                            Hiram S. Stevens
  Governor                                            John P. Hoyt
  Secretary                                           J. J. Gosper
  Auditor                                              E. P. Clark
  Treasurer                                           T. J. Butler
  Surveyor-General                                     John Wasson
  Supreme Judge, 1st District                 Chief Justice French
     ”      ”    2d     ”                         De Forest Porter
     ”      ”    3d     ”                              C. A. Tweed
  Clerk Supreme Court                             Joseph B. Austin
  United States District Attorney                    E. B. Pomeroy
  United States Marshal                            W. W. Standifer
  Deputy Marshal, 1st District                       Wm. J. Osborn
  Collector Internal Revenue                         Thomas Cordis
  Register U. S. Land Office, Prescott                 W. N. Kelly
     ”       ”       ”        Florence                Levi Ruggles
  Receiver   ”       ”           ”                    C. D. Poston
     ”       ”       ”        Prescott                George Lount

COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS.

    _San Francisco:_
      J. H. Blood                                    July 17th, 1874
      Ed. Chattin                                  January 7th, 1875
      John H. B. Wilkins                           February 3d, 1875
      N. Proctor Smith                              March 17th, 1876
      A. S. Gould                                    April 22d, 1875
      James Brooks                                    June 8th, 1875
      E. V. Joice                                     June 5th, 1875
      Samuel Herman                              February 28th, 1876
      Wm. Harney                                 February 12th, 1876
      James H. Lawrence                              June 17th, 1876
      Samuel S. Murfey                                June 23d, 1876
      H. M. Morgan                                  August 1st, 1876
      Frank V. Scudder                              August 9th, 1876
      J. E. Russel                                October 13th, 1876
      F. C. Wegener                              December 13th, 1876
      Lewis Franconi                              January 26th, 1877
      Holland Smith                                  April 9th, 1877
      E. H. Long                                       May 1st, 1877
      Henry C. Blake                                   May 7th, 1877
      E. H. Tharp                                       May 3d, 1877
      Charles J. Torbut                               June 6th, 1877

    _Los Angeles:_
      H. Fleishman                               February 17th, 1876

    _San Diego:_
      Michael Keating                            September 5th, 1876

    _Sacramento:_
      Ed. Cadwalader                                March 16th, 1876

    _Alameda:_
      Will. H. Burrall                            January 11th, 1877

    _District of Columbia:_
      John C. Starkweather                           July 13th, 1877

    _Brooklyn:_
      William E. Osborn                              July 12th, 1875

    _New York:_
      Herald A. Bagley                            January 12th, 1874
      Charles N. Anderson                             July 9th, 1875
      Eleazer Jackson                            September 4th, 1875
      Charles Nettleton                          February 12th, 1876
      Joseph E. Nones                              January 8th, 1876
      Richard M. Brune                               April 4th, 1876
      Henry Bischoff                                  May 21st, 1877
      Marion J. Merchant                              May 27th, 1877

    _Boston:_
      James B. Bell                               February 9th, 1876
      Ed. J. Jones                              September 28th, 1877

    _Philadelphia:_
      Francis C. Fallon                           January 27th, 1877
      J. Paul Diver                                 April 13th, 1876
      H. E. Hindmarsh                                April 6th, 1876

    _Chicago:_
      Simon U. King                                January 7th, 1876
      Philip A. Hoyne                            November 15th, 1875
      C. Knobelsdorff                                June 13th, 1874

    _New Mexico:_
      Julius E. Levy                             February 24th, 1876
      Philip Schwarzkoft                             April 22d, 1875

    _Georgia:_
      M. R. Freeman                                 August 23d, 1877

NOTARIES PUBLIC.

    _Pima County_, 14:
      T. L. Mercer                                January 29th, 1877
      W. J. Osborn                                February 23d, 1877
      Pedro Aguierre                                 March 7th, 1877
      James Brooks                                    June 8th, 1875
      E. V. Joice                                     June 5th, 1875
      B. H. Hereford                                 March 9th, 1877
      W. J. Ross                                     July 26th, 1877
      H. B. Jones                                 November 1st, 1873
      J. E. McCaffrey                             January 26th, 1874
      Hugh Farley                                November 19th, 1874
      Ed. A. Yerkes                                 March 19th, 1876
      George Cooler                                August 17th, 1876
      T. H. Goodwin                                August 17th, 1876
      Hyler Ott                                 September 30th, 1876
      H. S. Delos                                  November 3d, 1876
      James Holden                                January 18th, 1877

    _Yavapai County_, 6:
      Ed. H. Wells                                   July 17th, 1875
      Murat Masterson                                March 1st, 1876
      A. J. Bruner                                  August 6th, 1877
      J. E. Roberts                                  June 11th, 1874
      James Gough                                 February 5th, 1876
      Henry A. Begalon                          June 30th, 1877

    _Yuma County_, 4:
      Peter Dohl                                  January 17th, 1876
      H. N. Alexander                           September 20th, 1876
      P. M. Spinuello                                 May 18th, 1877
      James Reilly                                 August 31st, 1877

    _Maricopa County_, 3:
      William A. Hancock                          September 2d, 1875
      H. E. Lacy                                  November 5th, 1875
      J. A. Parker                                February 5th, 1876

    _Mojare County_--None qualified.

    _Pinal County_--None qualified.


=Bank of Arizona.=

DIRECTORS.

  Joseph Brandenstein, of A. S. Rosenbaum & Co.      San Francisco
  Joseph May, of Livingston & Co.                    San Francisco
  Samuel Lewis, of Lewis Bros.                       San Francisco
  Sol. Lewis                                              Prescott
  M. W. Kales                                             Prescott
  John J. Gosper                                          Prescott
  T. J. Butler                                            Prescott

CORRESPONDENTS.

  The Anglo-California Bank (Limited)                San Francisco
  Messrs. J. & W. Seligman & Co.                          New York

       *       *       *       *       *

=Agua Fria, Yavapai Co.=

  N. B. Bowers, rancher.
  Fred. Hildebrand, rancher.
  W. J. Herman, rancher.
  John Mario, rancher.
  D. Miller, cattle dealer.
  Fred Plum, rancher.
  John Reese, rancher.
  H. Spaulding, rancher.
  Fred. Williams, rancher.

=Alexandra.=

  Anders & Rowe, general merchants.
  Henry A. Bigelow, Notary Pub. and conveyancer.
  James C. Reynolds, prop. Summit House.
  Summit House (J. C. Reynolds, prop.)

=Allen.=

    Berardo Freyde, merchant and hotel keeper.
    J. P. Heyward, general merchant.
    S. G. Ladd, Justice of Peace.
    John McLaws, Postmaster.
    Joseph H. Richards, wagon-maker and builder.


    =Camp Grant, Pinal Co.=

    Norton & Stewart, post-traders.
    Stevens & Teague, station-keepers.
    M. W. Stewart, Postmaster.
    T. A. Toney, attorney at law.
    M. L. Wood, proprietor Hotel de Luna.


    =Camp Thomas, Pima Co.=

    Harry Campbell, hair-dresser, &c.
    Clanton House (J. H. Slinkard, prop.)
    Hellar & Mullett, wagon-makers and blacksmiths.
    Leitch & Kehoe, cattle-dealers and butchers.
    Lamb & Webber, merchant tailors.
    Overton & Luten, livery and sale stable.
    J. W. Powell & Co, general merchants.
    F. Staples  & Co, wholesale  merchants.
    Wm. Eagle, druggist.
    Valley House (Mrs. Alice Meyer.)


    =Camp Verde, Yavapai Co.=

    C. P. Head & Co, general merchants.


    =Cienega, Pima Co.=

    W. W. Compton & Co, mining, etc.
    George W. Hand, Postmaster and station agent.


    =Cerbat, Mojave Co.=

    Caldwell Wright, County Recorder and searcher of records.


    =Clifton, Yavapai Co.=

    Eusebio Casteñeda, attorney at law.
    Coronado Copper Mining Co, Wm. Grant, supt.
    William Grant, Postmaster.
    Joy Copper M. Co, Wm. McCormick, supt.
    Longfellow Copper M. Co, Wm. Smith, supt.
    Longfellow House (Pablo Salcido, prop.)
    Wm. Smith, mining and civil engineer.
    Louis Smadbeck, M. D., physician.
    Thompson Copper M. Co, E. V. Thompson, supt.


    =Desert Station.=
    (48 miles from Florence.)

    Chas. H. Labaree, prop.


    =Ehrenberg, Yuma Co.=

    J. Goldwater, merchant.
    R. E. Farington, freighter.


    =East Phœnix, Maricopa Co.=

    C. H. Veil, Salt River Flouring Mill.
    John J. Devine, Clerk of Court, and Recorder.
    Elliott House (J. C. Soss & Bro, prop.)
    Morris F. Emerson, notion store.
    Florence Hotel (P. S. Emprey, prop.)
    M. Fearney, supt. Stonewall Jackson M. Co.
    H. Goldberry & Co, general merchants.
    J. Guindain & Co, general merchants.
    Francisco Padrias, tin shop.
    Col. Chas. D. Poston, Register U. S. Land Office.
    Clement Romo, general merchant.
    Col. Levi Ruggles, Receiver U. S. Land Office.
    Charles Summers, M. D., physician.
    H. B. Summers, attorney at law.
    Charles Whitlow, supt. Silver Bell M. Co.
    J. D. Walker, Probate Judge.
    Peter Will & Co, brewery.


    =Florence, Pinal Co.=

    Blunt, M. D., physician.
    S. B. Chapin, M. D., physician and druggist.
    Peter R. Boady, flouring mill.
    Bushart & Co, flouring mill.
    J. P. Clum, attorney at law.
    Citizen, weekly paper, J. P. Clum, Editor.
    M. Calisher, general merchant.
    Joseph Collingwood, Postmaster.
    J. Collingwood & Co, wholesale merchants.
    Geo. A. Brown, agent Wells, Fargo & Co.
    P. S. Empy, hotel.
    E. Van Hasslacher, M. D., physician.
    John W. Leonard, attorney at law.
    H. B. Summers, attorney at law.
    W. S. Edwards, civil engineer and surveyor.
    Wm. J. Osborn, atty. at law and notary public.
    Thomas McLellan, house and sign painter.
    Miners’ Exchange, (Jack Upton, prop.)
    J. DeNoon Reymert, attorney and counsellor at law.
    W. H. Merritt, assayer
    Elliott House, (J. C. Loss & Bro., proprietors.)
    M. Calisher, general merchandise.
    Florence Wine Rooms, (Lew Baitey, prop.)
    Florence Meat Market, (L. Reney, prop.)
    Calhoun & Bush, livery stable.
    C. F. Palmer, machinist.
    City Bakery, Hy. Watzlarzick.
    Samuel Bostick, barber and hair-dressing.
    Florence Hotel, (P. S. Empey, prop.)
    Jos. Messinger, gen’l merchandise.
    Florence Bakery, G. Bonerand.
    Davis & Young, stoves and tinware.
    J. Guindani & Co., general merchandise.


    =Fort Whipple, Yavapai Co.=

    Peter B. Brannan, post trader and general merchant.


    =Gila City, Yuma Co.=

    A. Lange, prop, station.


    =Globe City, Pinal Co.=

    Shuyrock & Hise, agents Silver City and Globe Express Line.


    =Greenwood, Mojave Co.=

    Greenwood Express, Ehrenberg to Greenwood, John Doling, prop.


    =Hayden’s Ferry, Maricopa Co.=

    Chas. F. Hayden & Co, general merchants.


    =Hackberry, Mojave Co.=

    Hackberry Mill and M. Co.
    L. B. Seaver, supt. Hackberry Mill and M. Co.


    =McCrackin Hill, Mojave Co.=

    Felix Simon, ranch and station.


    =McDowell, Maricopa Co.=

    John Smith, general merchant.


    =Mineral Park, Mojave Co.=

    James P. Bull, Commissioner Deeds California and Nevada.
    Louis Cazino, restaurant.
    Alonzo E. Davis, attorney at law.
    James B. Lawrence, physician.


    =Mohave City, Mohave Co.=

    Paul Breon, Postmaster.
    Breon & Spear, general merchants.
    Edwin Dane, blacksmith.
    S. A. Freeman, physician.
    Lambert & Schimps, butchers.
    Mods Mine, Peter Ortiz, supt.
    A. A. Spear, freighter and contractor.


    =Montezuma Store.=
    (12 miles below Florence.)

    Austin & Dempsey, gen’l merchandise.


    =Phœnix, Maricopa Co.=

    G. H. Ansy, attorney at law.
    John L. Alsop, attorney at law.
    John Burger, wagon-maker.
    J. M. Catten, saloon.
    Julius Baneslen, baker.
    Ellis Brothers, general merchants.
    Wash Evans, blacksmith.
    John George, saloon.
    A. Goldman, general merchant.
    J. J. Gardner, hotel.
    W. A. Hancock, attorney at law.
    Chris Heiman, bakery.
    Thomas How, furniture mftr.
    E. Irvine & Co, general merchants.
    John Lentgerding, blacksmith.
    ---- Liemon, attorney at law.
    Leasing & Leaskin, general  merchants.
    J. D. Monihan, livery stable.
    H. Morgan & Co., general merchants.
    Murphy & Dennis, freighters, etc.
    J. E. Naylor, attorney at law.
    M. L. Peralta, general merchant.
    R. R. Pearson, carpenter and builder.
    Thomson & Thibido, druggists.
    J. W. Thomson, carpenter and builder.
    Henry Sayers, saloon.
    M. Wormser, general merchant.
    John West, blacksmith.
    Charles White, hotel keeper.
    K. S. Woolsey, flouring mill.
    C. H. Veil, flouring mill.


    =Picket Post, Pinal Co.=

    H. DeGroat, Jr., assayer.


    =Prescott, Yavapai Co.=

    Anders & Row, general merchants.
    ARAM, M’CUSKER & BRIMER, attorneys at law.
    ARIZONA BREWERY, Jul. N. Rodenburg.
    BANK OF ARIZONA.
    L. BASHFORD & CO, wholesale general merchants.
    George T. Becker, baths and hair-dressing.
    G. A. Behlow, tobacco and cigar dealer.
    E. J. BENNETT, C. E., County Surveyor,
    City Engineer, and Deputy U. S. Mineral Surveyor.
    H. A. Bigelow, notary public and conveyancer.
    Blackburn & Schulze, city brewery.
    Blake & Co., assayers.
    Bones & Spencer (Chas. L. Spencer and James E. Bones), dealers in
        tobacco, cigars, stationery, etc.
    THOS. C. BRAY, general merchant.
    Fred. G. Brech, wagon and blacksmith shop.
    GIDEON BROOKE, prop. Plaza Feed and Sale Stable.
    WILLIAM M. BUFFUM, general merchant.
    Cabinet Chop House (D. C. Thorne, prop.)
    California Meat Market (W. Coffee, prop.)
    CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA STAGE COMPANY, J. H. Hughes, President.
    CAMPBELL & PARKER, architects and builders.
    H. H. Cartter, Probate Judge, Justice of the Peace and conveyancer.
    C. F. Cate, prop. Nifty saloon.
    Clipper Mill (Jas. G. Wiley, prop.)
    Cohen, Casey & Co., prop’s., O. K. feed and sale stables and yard.
    Robert Connell, prop. Champion saloon.
    Leon Cordier, baths and hair-dresser.
    Charles Crocker, boots and shoes.
    George W. Curtis, saw-mill.
    Dr. Warren E. Day, physician and surgeon.
    DUDLEY HOUSE (Fred Williams, prop.)
    T. J. DRUM, attorney at law.
    Emanuel & Vallony, prop’rs restaurant and saloon.
    J. L. FISHER, real estate agent, auctioneer, etc.
    FITCH & CHURCHILL, attorneys and counsellors at law.
    J. GOLDWATER & BRO., wholesale and retail merchants.
    G. E. GOODFELLOW, physician and surgeon.
    F. L. B. Goodwin, attorney at law.
    Hall & Young, house and sign painters.
    J. P. Hargrave, attorney at law.
    Guilford Hathaway, Gray Eagle stables.
    Charles T. Hayden & Co., (Charles T. Hayden and Hezekiah Brooks)
        general merchandise.
    C. P. HEAD & CO., wholesale merchants.
    R. H. Hereford & Briggs Goodrich, attorneys.
    JOHN HILL, stone cutter, contractor and builder.
    JOHN HOWARD, attorney at law.
    W. J. HOWARD, watchmaker and jeweler.
    JAMES HOWEY, general blacksmith.
    Kearney’s Saloon.
    Jay G. Kelley, assayer and metallurgical chemist.
    Kelly & Stephens, (Wm. N. Kelly and F. A. Stephens) newsdealers and
        general merchants.
    George D. Kindall, prop. Pioneer drug store.
    Philip Kohlheyer, prop. City meat market.
    J. A. Lewis, architect, builder, contractor, etc.
    H. Loisilbon, merchant.
    LOWELL & CROUCH, practical roofers.
    J. N. McCANDLEN, physician and surgeon.
    Murat Masterson, attorney at law.
    S. C. Miller & Bro., forwarding merchants.
    Milligan & Co. meat market.
    D. F. MITCHELL, prop. Capital Art Gallery (photographic.)
    Montgomery House (Whitehead & Plumridge, props.)
    M. H. Mooney, merchant tailor.
    Benjamin Morgan, attorney and counselor-at-law.
    Morgan & Buck, baths, and hair-dressers.
    MORGAN & DOUGHERTY, jewelry, watches and engraving.
    Mount Hope Saw-mill, (Byron Sherman & Co., props.)
    Mount Hope, near Prescott.
    A. O. Noyes, Pioneer saw-mill.
    “O K” STABLE, camp house and feed yard.
    T. W. Otis, general merchant and agent Singer Sewing Machine.
    Pacific Brewery, (John Raibb, proprietor.)
    PLAZA FEED AND SALE STABLE (Gideon Brooke, proprietor.)
    Pioneer Drug Store (George D. Kendall.)
    Pioneer Furniture Store (Ed. Stahl, proprietor.)
    Pioneer House (Ganz & Hatz, managers.)
    Pioneer Saw-Mill (Caldwell & Pardee, proprietors.)
    Pioneer Store, (John G. Campbell) general merchandise.
    GEORGE B. PORTER & CO., furniture, etc.
    John Raible, Pacific brewery.
    Paul J. Robert, attorney and counselor-at-law.
    J. M. Rodenberg, Arizona brewery.
    C. F. Rogers & Co. (Prescott meat market.)
    Rush & Wells, (John A. Rush and Ed. W. Wells) attorneys and
        counselors-at-law.
    Sazarac Saloon.
    Frank Schunemann, blacksmith and wagon-maker.
    Smith & Hawley, carpenters and builders.
    C. J. Spencer & J. E. Bones, tobacco and stationery.
    A. J. Thibods, M.A., M.D., physician and surgeon.
    E. Thiele, M.D., physician, surgeon and accoucher.
    D. C. Thom, Cabinet chop-house.
    J. H. Throns & W. H. Reardon, architects and builders.
    B. J. Wade, attorney at law.
    GEORGE M. WATERS, millwright and contractor.
    B. H. Weaver, general merchant.
    Paul Weber, attorney and counselor-at-law.
    W. W. Weed, official short-hand reporter.
    William Wilkerson, (Clerk to Board of Supervisors Yavapai County.)
    Wilson & Haskell, (W. Z. Wilson and A. S. Haskell) sash, door and blind
       factory.
    J. G. Worthington, sign and carriage painter and trimmer.
    G. Urfer, lodging-house.


    =Skull Valley.=

    A. J. Whitehair, general merchant.
    J. H. Dickson, station house.


    =Silver King, Pinal Co.=

    F. M. Sponagle, physician and surgeon.


    =Sahuarita Ranch, Pima Co.=

    Roddock & Brown, hotel station.


    =Tres Alamos.=

    Leonardo Apodaca, rancher.
    A. Blair, rancher.
    Jesus Dias, general merchant.
    Thomas Dunbar, Postmaster and station-keeper.
    G. Gibson, rancher.
    C. M. Hooker, merchant and hotel keeper.
    G. King, physician.
    Frank Long, rancher.
    Levi Pitts, U. S. mil. tel. operator.
    A. A. Wilt, merchant.


    =Tubac.=

    J. Lillie Mercer, merchant.


    =Tucson.=

    Abadie & Co., saloon.
    Juan N. Acuna, agt. Sonora & Arizona Stage Line.
    John B. Allen, Mayor, merchant.
    J. H. Archibald, general merchant.
    J. M. Berger, jeweler.
    GEORGE A. BOWEN, agt. Southern Pac. Mail Line.
    Thomas Belknap, blacksmith.
    C. O. Brown, saloon.
    Henry Buchman, photographer.
    S. W. CARPENTER, County Recorder and Notary Public.
    James Carroll, livery and sale stable.
    George Cooler, saloon.
    Cosmopolitan Hotel, (Otto Reichenbach, prop.)
    Davis & Young, hardware, stoves, etc.
    Dill & Holt, “Cabinet” saloon.
    C. R. Drake, Asst. Postmaster.
    S. H. Drachman, general merchant.
    C. T. Etchell, blacksmith.
    FARLEY & POMEROY, attorneys at law.
    Geo. Forster, saloon.
    Thomas Gardner, lumber merchant.
    J. Goldberg, American grocery.
    John Goldtree, Telegraph saloon.
    T. F. Griffith, livery stable.



Transcriber’s Notes

Added periods between the dollar and cents on the table on page xvii
and page xi.

The reprint that was used as the source for the ebook was flawed,
and two missing words were added to the notes on page l,
from an alternate document: “to the _amount of_ $20,000.”

Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations
in hyphenation and accents have been standardised but all other
spelling and punctuation not mentioned here remains unchanged.

Italics are represented thus _italic_, bold is represented thus =bold=