The Project Gutenberg eBook of Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, fifth series, no. 118, vol. III, April 3, 1886
    
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online
at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States,
you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located
before using this eBook.

Title: Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, fifth series, no. 118, vol. III, April 3, 1886

Author: Various

Release date: May 19, 2022 [eBook #68125]

Language: English

Original publication: United Kingdom: William and Robert Chambers, 1853

Credits: Susan Skinner, Eric Hutton and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)


*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL OF POPULAR LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART, FIFTH SERIES, NO. 118, VOL. III, APRIL 3, 1886 ***





[Illustration:

CHAMBERS’S JOURNAL

OF

POPULAR

LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART

Fifth Series

ESTABLISHED BY WILLIAM AND ROBERT CHAMBERS, 1832

CONDUCTED BY R. CHAMBERS (SECUNDUS)

NO. 118.—VOL. III.      SATURDAY, APRIL 3, 1886.      PRICE 1½_d._]




THE SCOTTISH BEADLE.

HALF A CENTURY AGO.


Just as the old familiar landmarks of a place undergo in the course
of time that change and decay which are the common lot of all things
earthly ere they are finally removed from sight, nevermore to exist
save as a name or memory, so many of the features or characteristics
of our social life are continually being submitted to that process of
transformation, and, in many respects, of obliteration, which prevails
alike in the moral and the physical world. That process is to be
witnessed every day. It is a result of the inevitable law to which
everything human, every institution of man’s making or developing, is
finally subservient. Assuredly, there is no feature or characteristic
of life, whether viewed in a national or in an individual sense, but
has to submit sooner or later to this universal order of things; and
so, naturally, we may look, and look in vain to-day for that which but
yesterday was an interesting and distinguishing trait in a certain
aspect of the social life of those who then filled, as we do now, the
measure of the time.

This reflection is irresistible in considering such a subject as that
of ‘Beadles,’ a class of individuals who once filled a unique and
peculiar place in the humbler walks of the social life of their time;
for, as a class, they certainly cannot be said to form a feature in
the social life of the present day. Of course, even yet the number of
persons fulfilling the orthodox functions appertaining to the beadle
is as large as ever—in all probability, larger. No minister surely, in
Scotland at least, but enjoys his appurtenance in the person of his
‘man’ or officer. But the beadle of fifty years ago, the beadle with
whom Dean Ramsay delighted to ‘forgather,’ where now is he? Sadly do
we fear that he is at length sleeping his last long sleep within the
quiet precincts of his ‘ain kirkyard,’ while another performs, after a
fashion, those functions of his office which were ever his delight and
pride, and which brought him in their performance not a little of that
social renown which assuredly belonged to him, and to him alone.

The many stories told of the doings and sayings of beadles—the old
originals—would fill, we believe, a goodly-sized volume. Not a few such
stories have already been related by Dean Ramsay in his delightful
_Reminiscences_, while many more are collected in other well-known
books of Scottish anecdote. These stories go to prove the beadle to
have been a character which, as has been said, is all but extinct
in our times. A few remote parishes may yet retain worthy enough
representatives of the quaint and ancient ‘bedellus,’ but, generally
speaking, they are mere milk-and-water copies of the old originals.
Initially, he has lost his very name, which mincing modern speech has
corrupted from beadle to ‘church-officer.’ Then, as to his personal
identity, in place of the old-time periwig he was wont to wear, he has
now—why often, he has nothing to show! Instead of the blue swallow-tail
coat with the brightly burnished buttons, and the quaint knee-breeches
whereby there were displayed those ‘shrunk shanks’ of his which
betokened their possessor to have arrived at that sixth age of the
human cycle, he now wears ‘a customary suit of solemn black.’ Instead
of that delightful affection and familiarity which existed between
himself and his minister, there is now a due and proper regard paid to
their respective ‘places.’ Instead of the minister and his elders being
ever in awe of their ‘man,’ he has now to bear himself with appropriate
respect and deference towards the minister and his session. All,
indeed, is now changed; and his ancient worthiness cannot surely be
identified among the plain and—in point of public character—featureless
individuals who methodically and perfunctorily follow in his footsteps.
If he survive at all, it is only here and there in a few stray stories
and traditions embodying a pathetic remembrance of him as having lived
in a bygone time in that social life of our country to which he was
peculiarly indigenous, and of which he was, in a remarkable degree, so
distinctive and interesting a feature.

Perhaps the time when the beadle flourished at his best and attracted
to himself most of that social renown which made him a personage of
no little importance—in rural districts at anyrate—was from half a
century to a century ago. Of course many persons will yet vividly
remember certain beadles of their acquaintance who were extant even
within a decade or two ago, and enjoying in the flesh all that ‘pride
of place’ to which their connection with ecclesiastical affairs had
elevated them. Indeed, not a few may yet be living in various parts
of the country who may not unworthily claim to share in that peculiar
notorious regard which so many of their predecessors in office enjoyed;
but it is to be feared that even they are every year becoming more
and more a minus quantity, and the time is all but come, if it has
not already come, when, so far as their social popularity as a class
of characteristic individuals is concerned, they will soon, like the
flowers of the forest, be ‘a’ wede away.’

Half a century ago or so, however, it was a poor country parish that
had not within its confines some entertaining worthy in the person of
the beadle; for where the parishioners lacked entertainment, whether
of a social or a graver kind, in the efforts of their clergy, which,
indeed, was rarely the case, then they were almost certain to obtain
it in some form or other in the sayings and doings of the inferior
but not less interesting functionaries, their beadles. In not a few
places, the popularity of the latter far eclipsed that of the former:
a fact which was once at least ludicrously emphasised by the story of
the very jovial beadle who excused his too frequent indulgences in
strong drink—a propensity which had merited the repeated rebukes of his
minister, who naturally enough quoted his own sobriety as an example—on
the ground of the greater popularity he enjoyed, and to which the
minister could not, he declared, make anything like the same claim.

Nor was this general regard in which, as a class, they were held,
derived solely from their connection with the church; for, in addition
to their more serious Sabbath-day functions and opportunities,
they were by no means unwilling to become, in a secular and an
unofficial sense, the valuable receptacles of all the local news and
tittle-tattle, albeit they were not unfrequently at the same time the
ready mouthpiece for the dissemination of the same. In one or two
country districts, we have heard the phrase, ‘to blab like a beadle,’
which gives some colouring to this latter statement; but, on the whole,
it is only fair to say in his behalf that there were others who could
blab as well as he about those parochial secrets with which it was his
business, more or less, to become acquainted. To be a model to his
class, there was, in fact, no secret but he knew all about, and at
first-hand too; no scandal whispered ominously within the precincts of
the manse or session-house but was ‘piper’s news’ to him; and whether
the _fama_ in question related to the latest heterodoxy of the minister
himself, or to some serious moral defection on the part of the laird,
or had regard to the love ongoings of Matty the farmer’s lass, or even
had to do with such a temporal matter as the chronic rheumatism of the
Doctor’s lady, all was known to his beadleship long before the whisper
could be shapen into palpable words; and thus he was ever, Sabbath-day
and week-day alike, as wise as Sir Oracle himself.

His local influence, therefore, was by no means despicable. Many
persons finding in him a man of information, of ripe wisdom, of
undeniable honesty, of excellent counsel, in which neither the village
doctor nor the schoolmaster, nor even the minister, could excel,
however nearly they may have approached him, looked up to him often
with genuine regard and affection, and were easily inclined to forgive
whatever faults and failings occasionally exhibited themselves whether
in his ‘walk’ or his ‘conversation;’ for sometimes even _his_ human
nature was liable to err. Thus, whatever he said, gained the ear of
the parish; whatever he did, filled the popular eye; and while the
doctor and the schoolmaster, ay, and even the minister, are each
and all now well-nigh forgotten, to this day _his_ name is still
remembered, and his sayings repeated. In some places, of course, he
occasionally figured small and unworthily; but, generally speaking,
the beadle of the time indicated was really a very notable and
important social character, although his fame did not extend beyond
the bourn of the parish to which he belonged; but of the result of the
pathetic, although petty part he played on his narrow human stage, all
that remains to us to-day is the not uninteresting though sorrowful
reflection that he was a distinguishing feature of a quiet, easy-going,
giving-and-taking time in the past history of Scotland. But with the
advance of the times, the personality of the beadle becomes less
striking, grows less interesting. His quondam local gossip and tattle,
what are they with the multitudinous-tongued newspaper? What are the
village secrets compared with the great doings in the mighty city,
humming yonder like a vast human hive? Soon did our worthy friend feel
that the big, busy world, of which he and his villagers had heard but
little, and knew less, was now beginning to push itself upon them,
until at length one day it was discovered that his and their identity
were being merged and lost in the ever-increasing crowds of men. But
it was only the way of the world, to which even beadles must submit
themselves. That they have done so is only too apparent to-day, when,
in this little corner of the world, of which they were once as native
as the thistle or the heather, perhaps not a score of them are to be
found of the good old style of fifty years ago.

A few stories about these worthies may not be out of place in
concluding these reflections. Perhaps the most original saying,
embodying a rare thought, quaint yet beautiful, ever expressed by a
beadle was that attributed to Jamie M——, who served in that capacity
for nearly thirty years to the church of B——. His beadleship was, as
far as wages were concerned, trifling, and therefore Jamie had to work
as a stone-breaker to keep body and soul together. At length, after
a long life of patient toil, he took to his deathbed, where one day,
in reply to the minister, who had called to see him, and, by way of
reminding him of the heavenly joys on which he was about to enter,
doubted not that he would soon be joining in the choir celestial, Jamie
said that he had ‘full assurance of faith for certain, but that as for
the choiring, he was aye bad at a tune. Howsoever, when he got to the
New Jerusalem, _he was willin’ to work wi’ his hands if the Maister
wanted him!_’

The office of beadle was frequently, in many country parishes,
combined with that of sexton or gravedigger—an office which afforded
considerable scope for the display of those pathetic, if oftentimes
grotesque, traits of character. We remember one worthy who considered
the latter office of much more interest and importance than the former.
‘As beadle he only waited on the living; but as sexton and gravedigger,
he waited on the dead!’ Another worthy used to say that for performing
the duties of beadle he only got the ‘session’s siller;’ while for
assisting at those more solemn and sad burial-rites, he got the ‘deid’s
perquisites!’

Dr Begg, in his _Autobiography_, tells a story—not, however, for the
first time—of a grave-digging beadle who, in reply to a question put
to him by his minister, said that ‘Trade’s very dull the noo; I hae
na buried a leevin’ cratur for three weeks.’ This same beadle, who
was very much an eye-servant, was appointed to watch the gooseberries
(Scotticé _grosets_) during the days of the communion, when, amongst
a multitude of worthy people, some doubtful characters came about. On
one occasion, when the beadle saw some one coming out of the manse, and
therefore likely to observe and report, he exclaimed with the greatest
apparent zeal to strangers going near the garden: ‘How daur ye touch
the minister’s grosets?’ But as soon as the manse-people had vanished
out of sight, he proceeded to add, in an undertone: ‘Tak ye a pickle [a
few] for a’ that!’

Apropos of the sexton-beadle, the writer lately heard an excellent
story—which has never before been printed—regarding Thomas Carlyle and
a late beadle of Ecclefechan. In the churchyard, which has now been
made famous by the fact that it contains the mortal remains of the
great sage, there stood, and still stands, a very old and dilapidated
tombstone, on which are engraven some illegible hieroglyphics, which
the beadle pretended to decipher, translating their purport in such a
way as to reflect very flatteringly on the moral and social qualities
of the persons—his ancestors—to whom they referred. On one occasion,
when Carlyle visited this place of the dead, the beadle showed him
round, but first of all pointed to this mysterious stone, underneath
which reposed all that was mortal of the beadle’s supposed illustrious
ancestors, and dilated with his well-known exaggeration on the very
high characters which, according to the hieroglyphics of the stone,
they bore when in the flesh. Carlyle, knowing the beadle’s soft point
with regard to his ‘forebears,’ listened for a time in silence to the
glowing description of individuals who never had had any existence save
in imagination, and at length quietly remarked as he passed on: ‘Puir
cratur, ye’ll sune be gathered to them yersel’!’

The social popularity which many beadles enjoyed not unfrequently
encouraged them to take certain liberties, which, nowadays at all
events, would not be permitted either within or without the ‘sphere’
in which they lived and worked. What would be thought of a beadle, for
instance, who would presume to correct the precentor in announcing
from his box a proclamation of marriage between parties, as once did
a beadle of a parish near Arbroath? The precentor had somehow been
provided with a ‘proclaiming’ paper, in which the name of one of the
parties had been wrongly stated, as the beadle supposed; and as the
precentor duly proceeded to make the announcement that ‘there was a
solemn purpose of marriage between Alexander Spink of Fisher’s Loan and
Elspeth Hackett of Burn Wynd,’ he was unceremoniously interrupted by
the beadle suddenly exclaiming: ‘That’s wrang, that’s wrang! It’s no
Sanders Spink o’ Fisher’s Loan that’s gaun to marry Elspeth Hackett,
but Lang Sanders Spink o’ Smithy Croft!’

The story of Watty Tinlin, the half-crazy beadle of Hawick parish,
is another proof of this license, which was, on certain occasions,
supposed to be due to his office. One day Wat got so tired of listening
to the long sermon of a strange minister, that he went outside the
church, and wandering in the direction of the river Teviot, saw the
worshippers from the adjoining parish of Wilton grossing the bridge on
their way home. Returning to the church and finding the preacher still
thundering away, he shouted out, to the astonishment and relief of
the exhausted congregation: ‘Say amen, sir; say amen! Wulton’s kirk’s
comin’ ower Teyit Brig!’ Such conduct on a Sunday in the present year
of grace, if it did not relegate the offender to the police cell, would
at anyrate result in a very solemn and serious sitting of the ‘session’
on the following Monday. But the times are changed; and not only have
beadles, but ministers and churches, too, changed with them; and the
living embodiments of the class whose peculiar and, on the whole, not
unpleasant idiosyncrasies of character and ‘calling’ we have thus
briefly indicated, are now few and far between.




IN ALL SHADES.

BY GRANT ALLEN,

AUTHOR OF ‘BABYLON,’ ‘STRANGE STORIES,’ ETC. ETC.


CHAPTER XVII.

‘We’d better go, Tom,’ Mr Dupuy said, almost pitying them. ‘Upon my
word, it’s perfectly true; they neither of them knew a word about it.’

‘No, by Jove, they didn’t,’ Tom Dupuy answered with a sneer, as he
walked out into the piazza.—‘What a splendid facer, though, it was,
Uncle Theodore, for a confounded upstart nigger of a brown man.—But, I
say,’ as they passed out of the piazza and mounted their horses once
more by the steps—for they were riding—‘did you ever see anything more
disgusting in your life than that woman there—a real white woman, and a
born lady, Nora tells me—slobbering over and hugging that great, ugly,
hulking, coloured fellow!’

‘He’s white enough to look at,’ Mr Dupuy said reflectively. ‘Poor soul,
she married him without knowing anything about it. It’ll be a terrible
blow for her, I expect, finding out, now she’s tied to him irrevocably,
that he’s nothing more than a common brown man.’

‘She ought to be allowed to get a divorce,’ Tom Dupuy exclaimed warmly.
‘It’s preposterous to think that a born lady, and the daughter of a
General Somebody over in England, should be tethered for life to a
creature of that sort, whom she’s married under what’s as good as false
pretences!’

Meanwhile, the unhappy woman who had thus secured the high prize of Mr
Tom Dupuy’s distinguished compassion was sitting on the sofa in the
big bare drawing-room, holding her husband’s hand tenderly in hers
and soothing him gently by murmuring every now and then in a soft
undertone: ‘My darling, how glad we are to know that, after all, it’s
nothing, nothing.’

Edward’s stupor lasted for many minutes; not so much because he was
deeply hurt or horrified, for there wasn’t much at bottom to horrify
him, but simply because he was stunned by the pure novelty and
strangeness of that curious situation. A brown man—a brown man! It was
too extraordinary! He could hardly awake himself from the one pervading
thought that absorbed and possessed for the moment his whole nature. At
last, however, he awoke himself slowly. After all, how little it was,
compared with their worst fears and anticipations! ‘Thomas,’ he cried
to the negro butler, ‘bring round our horses as quick as you can saddle
them.—Darling, we must ride up to Agualta this moment, and speak about
it all to my father and mother.’

In Trinidad, everybody rides; indeed, there is no other way of getting
about from place to place among the mountains, for carriage-roads are
there unknown, and only narrow winding horse-paths climb slowly round
the interminable peaks and gullies. The Hawthorns’ own house was on
the plains just at the foot of the hills; but Agualta and most of the
other surrounding houses were up high among the cooler mountains. So
the very first thing Marian and Edward had had to do on reaching the
island was to provide themselves with a couple of saddle-horses, which
they did during their first week’s stay at Agualta. In five minutes
the horses were at the door; and Marian, having rapidly slipped on her
habit, mounted her pony and proceeded to follow her agitated husband up
the slender thread of mountain-road that led tortuously to his father’s
house. They rode along in single file, as one always must on these
narrow, ledge-like, West Indian bridle-paths, and in perfect silence.
At first, indeed, Marian tried to throw out a few casual remarks about
the scenery and the tree-ferns, to look as if the disclosure was to her
less than nothing—as, indeed, but for Edward’s sake, was actually the
case—but her husband was too much wrapped up in his own bitter thoughts
to answer her by more than single monosyllables. Not that he spoke
unkindly or angrily; on the contrary, his tenderness was profounder
than ever, for he knew now to what sort of life he had exposed Marian;
but he had no heart just then for talking of any sort; and he felt
that until he understood the whole matter more perfectly, words were
useless to explain the situation.

As for Marian, one thought mainly possessed her: had even Nora, too,
turned against them and forsaken them?

Old Mr Hawthorn met them anxiously on the terrace of Agualta. He saw
at once, by their pale and troubled faces, that they now knew at least
part of the truth. ‘Well, my boy,’ he said, taking Edward’s hand in his
with regretful gentleness, ‘so you have found out the ban that hangs
over us?’

‘In part, at least,’ Edward answered, dismounting; and he proceeded
to pour forth into his father’s pitying and sympathetic ear the whole
story of their stormy interview with the two Dupuys. ‘What can they
mean,’ he asked at last, drawing himself up proudly, ‘by calling such
people as you and me “brown men,” father?’

The question, as he asked it that moment, in the full sunshine
of Agualta Terrace, did indeed seem a very absurd one. Two more
perfect specimens of the fair-haired, blue-eyed, pinky-white-skinned
Anglo-Saxon type it would have been extremely difficult to discover
even in the very heart of England itself, than the father and son who
thus faced one another. But old Mr Hawthorn shook his handsome gray old
head solemnly and mournfully. ‘It’s quite true, my boy,’ he answered
with a painful sigh—‘quite true, every word of it. In the eyes of
all Trinidad, of all the West Indies, you and I are in fact coloured
people.’

‘But father, dear father,’ Marian said pleadingly, ‘just look at
Edward! There isn’t a sign or a mark on him anywhere of anything but
the purest English blood! Just look at him, father; how can it be
possible?’—and she took up, half unconsciously, his hand—that usual
last tell-tale of African descent, but in Edward Hawthorn’s case
stainless and white as pure wax. ‘Surely you don’t mean to tell me,’
she said, kissing it with wifely tenderness, ‘there is negro blood—the
least, the tiniest fraction, in dear Edward!’

‘Listen to me, dear one,’ the old man said, drawing Marian closer to
his side with a fatherly gesture. ‘My father was a white man. Mary’s
father was a white man. Our grandfathers on both sides were pure white,
and our grandmothers on one side were white also. All our ancestors
in the fourth degree were white, save only one—fifteen whites to one
coloured out of sixteen quarters—and that one was a mulatto in either
line—Mary’s and my great-great-grandmother. In England or any other
country of Europe, we should be white—as white as you are. But such
external and apparent whiteness isn’t enough by any means for our
West Indian prejudices. As long as you have the remotest taint or
reminiscence of black blood about you in any way—as long as it can
be shown, by tracing your pedigree pitilessly to its fountainhead,
that any one of your ancestors was of African origin—then, by all
established West Indian reckoning, you are a coloured man, an outcast,
a pariah.—You have married a coloured man, Marian; and your children
and your grandchildren to the latest generations will all of them for
ever be coloured also.’

‘How cruel—how wicked—how abominable!’ Marian cried, flushed and red
with sudden indignation. ‘How unjust so to follow the merest shadow or
suspicion of negro blood age after age to one’s children’s children!’

‘And how far more unjust still,’ Edward exclaimed with passionate
fervour, ‘ever so to judge of any man not by what he is in himself, but
by the mere accident of the race or blood from which he is descended!’

Marian flushed again with still deeper colour; she felt in her heart
that Edward’s indignation went further than hers, down to the very root
and ground of the whole matter.

‘But, O father,’ she began again after a slight pause, clinging
passionately both to her husband and to Mr Hawthorn, ‘are they going
to visit this crime of birth even on a man of Edward’s character and
Edward’s position?’

‘Not on him only,’ the old man whispered with infinite tenderness—‘not
on him only, my daughter, my dear daughter—not on him only, but on
you—on you, who are one of themselves, an English lady, a true white
woman of pure and spotless lineage. You have broken their utmost and
sacredest law of race; you have married a coloured man! They will
punish you for it cruelly and relentlessly. Though you did it, as he
did it, in utter ignorance, they will punish you for it cruelly; and
that’s the very bitterest drop in all our bitter cup of ignominy and
humiliation.’

There was a moment’s silence, and then Edward cried to him aloud:
‘Father, father, you ought to have told me of this earlier!’

His father drew back at the word as though one had stung him. ‘My boy,’
he answered tremulously, ‘how can you ever reproach me with that? You
at least should be the last to reproach me. I sent you to England, and
I meant to keep you there. In England, this disgrace would have been
nothing—less than nothing. Nobody would ever have known of it, or if
they knew of it, minded it in any way. Why should I trouble you with a
mere foolish fact of family history utterly unimportant to you over in
England? I tried my hardest to prevent you from coming here; I tried to
send you back at once when you first came. But do you wonder, now, I
shrank from telling you the ban that lies upon all of us here? And do
you blame me for trying to spare you the misery I myself and your dear
mother have endured without complaining for our whole lifetime?’

‘Father,’ Edward cried again, ‘I was wrong; I was ungrateful. You have
done it in all kindness. Forgive me—forgive me!’

‘There is nothing to forgive, my boy—nothing to forgive, Edward. And
now, of course, you will go back to England?’

Edward answered quickly: ‘Yes, yes, father; they have conquered—they
have conquered—I shall go back to England; and you, too, shall come
with me. If it were for my own sake alone, I would stop here even so,
and fight it out with them to the end till I gained the victory. But
I can’t expose Marian—dear, gently nurtured, tender Marian—to the
gibes and scorn of these ill-mannered planter people. She shall never
again submit to the insult and contumely she has had to endure this
morning.—No, no, Marian darling, we shall go back to England—back to
England—back to England!’

‘And why,’ Marian asked, looking up at her father-in-law suddenly,
‘didn’t you yourself leave the country long ago? Why didn’t you go
where you could mix on equal terms with your natural equals? Why have
you stood so long this horrible, wicked, abominable injustice?’

The old man straightened himself up, and fire flashed from his eyes
like an old lion’s as he answered proudly: ‘For Edward! First of all,
I stopped here and worked to enable me to bring up my boy where his
talents would have the fullest scope in free England. Next, when I
had grown rich and prosperous here at Agualta, I stayed on because I
wouldn’t be beaten in the battle and driven out of the country by the
party of injustice and social intolerance. I wouldn’t yield to them;
I wouldn’t give way to them; I wouldn’t turn my back upon the baffled
and defeated clique of slave-owners, because, though my father was an
English officer, my mother was a slave, Marian!’ He looked so grand and
noble an old man as he uttered simply and unaffectedly those last few
words—the pathetic epitaph of a terrible dead and buried wrong, still
surviving in its remote effects—that Marian threw her arms around his
neck passionately, and kissed him with one fervent kiss of love and
admiration, almost as tenderly as she had kissed Edward himself in the
heat of the first strange discovery.

‘Edward,’ she cried, with resolute enthusiasm, ‘we will _not_ go home!
We will not return to England. We, too, will stay and fight out the
cruel battle against this wicked prejudice. We will do as your father
has done. I love him for it—I honour him for it! To me, it’s less
than nothing, my darling, that you should seem to have some small
little taint by birth in the eyes of these miserable, little, outlying
islanders. To me, it’s less than nothing that they should dare to look
down upon you, and to set themselves up against you—you, so great, so
learned, so good, so infinitely nobler than them, and better than them
in every way! Who are they, the wretched, ignorant, out-of-the-way
creatures, that they venture to set themselves up as our superiors? I
will not yield, either. I’m my father’s daughter, and I won’t give way
to them. Edward, Edward, darling Edward, we will stop here still, we
_shall_ stop here and defeat them!’

‘My darling,’ Edward answered, kissing her forehead tenderly, ‘you
don’t know what you say; you don’t realise what it would be like for
us to live here. I can’t expose you to so much misery and awkwardness.
It would be wrong of me—unmanly of me—cowardly of me—to let my wife be
constantly met with such abominable, undeserved insult!’

‘Cowardly! Edward,’ Marian cried, stamping her pretty little foot upon
the ground impatiently with womanly emphasis, ‘cowardly—cowardly! The
cowardice is all the other way, I fancy. I’m not ashamed of my husband,
here or anywhere. I love you; I admire you; I respect you. But I can
never again respect you so much if you run away, even for my sake, from
this unworthy prejudice. I don’t want to live here always, for ever;
God forbid! I hate and detest it; but I shall stay here a year—two
years—three years, if I like, just to show the hateful creatures that
I’m not afraid of them!’

‘No, no, my child,’ old Mr Hawthorn murmured tenderly, smoothing her
forehead; ‘this is no home for you, Marian. Go back to England—go back
to England!’

Marian turned to him with feverish energy. ‘Father,’ she cried, ‘dear,
good, kind, gentle, loving father! You’ve taught me better yourself;
your own words have taught me better. I won’t give way to them; I’ll
stay in the land where you have stayed, and I’ll show them I’m not
ashamed of you or of Edward either! Ashamed! I’m only ashamed to say
the word. What is there in either of you for a woman not to be proud of
with all the deepest and holiest pride in her whole nature!’

‘My darling,’ Edward answered thoughtfully, ‘we shall have to think and
talk more with one another about this wretched, miserable business.’


CHAPTER XVIII.

The very next morning, as Edward and Marian were still loitering over
the mangoes and bananas at eleven o’clock breakfast—the West Indies
keep continental hours—they were surprised and pleased by hearing
a pony’s tramp cease suddenly at the front-door, and Nora Dupuy’s
well-known voice calling out as cheerily and childishly as ever:
‘Marian, Marian! you dear old thing, please send somebody out here at
once, to hold my horse for a minute, will you?’

The words fell upon both their ears just then as an oasis in the desert
of isolation from women’s society, to which they had been condemned for
the last ten days. The tears rose quickly into Marian’s eyes at those
familiar accents, and she ran out hastily, with arms outstretched, to
meet her one remaining girl-acquaintance. ‘O Nora, Nora, darling Nora!’
she cried, catching the bright little figure lovingly in her arms, as
Nora leapt with easy grace from her mountain pony, ‘why didn’t you come
before, my darling? Why did you leave me so long alone, and make us
think you had forgotten all about us?’

Nora flung herself passionately upon her friend’s neck, and between
laughing and crying, kissed her over and over again so many times
without speaking, that Marian knew at once in her heart it was
all right there at least, and that Nora, for one, wasn’t going to
desert them. Then the poor girl, still uncertain whether to cry or
laugh, rushed up to Edward and seized his hand with such warmth of
friendliness, that Marian half imagined she was going to kiss him
fervently on the spot, in her access of emotion. And indeed, in the
violence of her feeling, Nora very nearly did fling her arms around
Edward Hawthorn, whom she had learned to regard on the way out almost
in the light of an adopted brother.

‘My darling,’ Nora cried vehemently, as soon as she could find space
for utterance, ‘my pet, my own sweet Marian, you dear old thing, you
darling, you sweetheart!—I didn’t know about it; they never told me.
Papa and Tom have been deceiving me disgracefully: they said you were
away up at Agualta, and that you particularly wished to receive no
visitors until you’d got comfortably settled in at your new quarters
here at Mulberry. And I said to papa, nonsense; that that didn’t apply
to me, and that you’d be delighted to see me wherever and whenever I
chose to call upon you. And papa said—O Marian, I can’t bear to tell
you what he said: it’s so wicked, so dreadful—papa said that he’d met
Mr Hawthorn—Edward, I mean—and that Edward had told him you didn’t
wish at present to see me, because—well, because, he said, you thought
our circles would be so very different. And I couldn’t imagine what
he meant, so I asked him. And then he told me—he told me that horrid,
wicked, abominable, disgraceful calumny. And I jumped up and said it
was a lie—yes, I said a lie, Marian—I didn’t say a story: I said it
was a lie, and I didn’t believe it. But if it was true—and I don’t
care myself a bit, whether it’s true or whether it isn’t—I said it was
a mean, cowardly, nasty thing to go and rake it up now about two such
people as you and Edward, darling. And whether it’s true or whether it
isn’t, Marian, I love you both dearly with all my heart, and I shall
always love you; and I don’t care a pin who on earth hears me say so.’
And then Nora broke down at once into a flood of tears, and flung
herself once more with passionate energy on Marian’s shoulder.

‘Nora darling,’ Marian whispered, weeping too, ‘I’m so glad you’ve come
at last. I didn’t mind any of the rest a bit, because they’re nothing
to me; it doesn’t matter; but when I thought _you_ had forgotten us and
given us up, it made my heart bleed!’

Nora’s tears began afresh. ‘Why, pet,’ she said, ‘I’ve been trying to
get away to come and see you every day for the last week; and papa
wouldn’t let me have the horses; and I didn’t know the way; and it
was too far to walk; and I didn’t know what on earth to do, or how
to get to you. But last night papa and Tom came home’—here Nora’s
face burned violently, and she buried it in her hands to hide her
vicarious shame—‘and I heard them talking in the piazza; and I couldn’t
understand it all; but, O Marian, I understood enough to know that
they had called upon you here without me, and that they had behaved
most abominably, most cruelly to you and Edward. And I went out to
the piazza, as white as a sheet, Rosina says, and I said: “Papa, you
have acted as no gentleman would act; and as for you, Tom Dupuy, I’m
heartily ashamed to think you’re my own cousin!” and then I went
straight up to my bedroom that minute, and haven’t said a word to
either of them ever since!’

Marian kissed her once more, and pressed the tearful girl tight against
her bosom—that sisterly embrace seemed to her now such an unspeakable
consolation and comfort. ‘And how did you get away this morning, dear?’
she asked softly.

‘Oh,’ Nora exclaimed, with a childish smile and a little cry of
triumph, ‘I was determined to come, Marian, and so I came here. I got
Rosina—that’s my maid, such a nice black girl—to get her lover, Isaac
Pourtalès, who isn’t one of our servants, you know, to saddle the pony
for me; because papa had told our groom I wasn’t to have the horses
without his orders, or to go to your house if the groom was with me,
or else he’d dismiss him. So Isaac Pourtalès, he saddled it for me; and
Rosina ran all the way here to show me the road till she got nearly to
the last corner; but she wouldn’t come on and hold the pony for me, for
if she did, she said, de massa would knock de very breff out of her
body; and I really believe he would too, Marian, for papa’s a dreadful
man to deal with when he’s in a passion.’

‘But won’t he be awfully angry with you, darling,’ Marian asked, ‘for
coming here when he told you not to?’

‘Of course he will,’ Nora replied, drawing herself up and laughing
quietly. ‘But I don’t care a bit, you know, for all his anger. I’m not
going to keep away from a dear old darling like you, and a dear, good,
kind fellow like Edward, all for nothing, just to please him. He may
storm away as long as he has a mind to; but I tell you what, my dear,
he shan’t prevent me.’

‘I don’t mind a bit about it now, Nora, since you’re come at last to
me.’

‘Mind it, darling! I should think not! Why on earth should you mind
it? It’s too preposterous! Why, Marian, whenever I think of it—though
I’m a West Indian born myself, and dreadfully prejudiced, and all that
wicked sort of thing, you know—it seems to me the most ridiculous
nonsense I ever heard of. Just consider what kind of people these are
out here in Trinidad, and what kind of people you and Edward are, and
all your friends over in England! There’s my cousin, Tom Dupuy, now,
for example; what a pretty sort of fellow he is, really. Even if I
didn’t care a pin for you, I couldn’t give way to it; and as it is, I’m
going to come here just as often as ever I please, and nobody shall
stop me. Papa and Tom are always talking about the fighting Dupuys;
but I can tell you they’ll find I’m one of the fighting Dupuys too,
if they want to fight me about it.—Now, tell me, Marian, doesn’t it
seem to you yourself the most ridiculous reversal of the natural order
of things you ever heard of in all your life, that these people here
should pretend to set themselves up as—as being in any way your equals,
darling?’ And Nora laughed a merry little laugh of pure amusement, so
contagious, that Edward and Marian joined in it too, for the first time
almost since they came to that dreadful Trinidad.

Companionship and a fresh point of view lighten most things. Nora
stopped with the two Hawthorns all that day till nearly dinnertime,
talking and laughing with them much as usual after the first necessary
explanations; and by five o’clock, Marian and Edward were positively
ashamed themselves that they had ever made so much of what grew with
thinking on it into so absurdly small and unimportant a matter. ‘Upon
my word, Marian,’ Edward said, as Nora rode away gaily, unprotected—she
positively wouldn’t allow him to accompany her homeward—‘I really begin
to believe it would be better after all to stop in Trinidad and fight
it out bravely as well as we’re able for just a year or two.’

‘I thought so from the first,’ Marian answered courageously; ‘and now
that Nora has cheered us up a little, I think so a great deal more than
ever.’

When Nora reached Orange Grove, Mr Dupuy stood, black as thunder,
waiting to receive her in the piazza. Two negro men-servants were
loitering about casually in the doorway.

‘Nora,’ he said, in a voice of stern displeasure, ‘have you been to
visit these new nigger people?’

Nora glanced back at him defiantly and haughtily. ‘I have not,’ she
answered with a steady stare. ‘I have been calling upon my very dear
friends, the District Court Judge and Mrs Hawthorn, who are both our
equals. I am not in the habit of associating with what you choose to
call nigger people.’

Mr Dupuy’s face grew purple once more. He glanced round quickly at the
two men-servants. ‘Go to your room, miss,’ he said with suppressed
rage—‘go to your room, and stop there till I send for you!’

‘I was going there myself,’ Nora answered calmly, without moving a
muscle. ‘I mean to remain there, and hold no communication with the
rest of the family, as long as you choose to apply such unjust and
untrue names to my dearest friends and oldest companions.—Rosina, come
here, please! Have the kindness to bring me up some dinner to my own
boudoir.’




POPULAR LEGAL FALLACIES.[1]

BY AN EXPERIENCED PRACTITIONER.


_KISSING THE BOOK._

Perjury is a crime which strikes at the very root of the administration
of justice; for if no reliable evidence could be obtained, it would
be impossible to enforce by means of legal proceedings the rights of
those who had been wronged, or to settle in a satisfactory manner the
thousands of disputes which come yearly before the various courts.
And yet, we fear that this pernicious practice is more common than is
generally supposed. Our opinion is that nineteen persons out of every
twenty who will tell an untruth will swear to it as a truth—that is to
say, looking at the matter from the moral standpoint alone. The fear
of punishment has a deterring effect upon some; but the offence is one
which is very difficult of detection if well managed. If two or three
persons swear to a consistent story, and an equal, or even a greater,
number contradict their evidence on oath, who is to decide which
set of witnesses are to be believed, and which are to be prosecuted
for perjury? The punishment on conviction may be any term of penal
servitude not exceeding seven years, or imprisonment, with hard labour,
for a term not exceeding two years; and some people are afraid of
risking this—in which fear lies the principal practical advantage of
administering an oath to a witness before he gives evidence in court.

Some persons have a variety of ingenious but vain expedients which
they hope will enable them to lie in the witness-box with impunity;
and while gratifying their personal spite, or earning the wages of
falsehood, to evade the pains and penalties attendant upon the practice
of perjury, and the object of this paper is to show how futile the
supposed precautions are, and in what consists the essence of the
oath, and the violation of it which will render the offender liable to
punishment for the perjury committed by him.

The form of taking the oath varies in different nations; but in all,
the essence of the ceremony is the adjuration addressed to a superior
Power to attest the truth of what the witness is going to assert.
The witness who thought that if he told a lie after having taken the
oath, all the jurymen would be sent to everlasting perdition, was an
extreme illustration of the misconceptions which exist on this subject.
Most people know that the invocation of the Almighty—‘So help me
God’—is one the consequences of which are intended to be personal to
themselves. But they dishonour their Maker if they try to escape from
the consequences by a trick.

The form of oath varies according to the circumstances and purpose
in and for which it is taken. The manner of administration to a
Christian witness south of the Border is the same. The witness takes
the Holy Gospels in his right hand, and after the form of oath has
been read over to him, he reverently kisses the book; that is to say,
he is supposed to kiss the book; but some persons will, instead of
the book, kiss their own thumb, or avoid contact between their lips
and the book by holding it at an imperceptible distance. This is a
very common, perhaps the most common, mode of attempted evasion. But
another is often attempted, which is more easy of detection—that is
to say, keeping on the glove, in order that the hand and book may not
become actually in contact with each other. It may appear unnecessary
to say that these devices are both equally unavailing for the purpose
intended.[2] The essence of the oath lies in the reverent assent to the
appeal to the Almighty and omniscient God. The witness must at least
pretend to assent to the formulary read over to him, and if he does
this, he is sworn to all intents and purposes. As the oath is complete
in its religious sense, so also is its legal effect the same whether
the hand and the lips actually touch the cover of the book or not. It
has long been the practice to insist upon the witness holding the book
in his or her right hand; but this is by some writers held to be wrong,
inasmuch as the left hand is supposed to be nearer to the heart, and
would receive a more bountiful portion of the blood which is the life,
were not its natural advantages counterbalanced by the effects of daily
labour; therefore, it is contended by them that the left hand ought to
be used in holding the book, when the oath is taken.

Hebrews are sworn upon the Old Testament, and the witness puts on his
hat before taking the oath; while a Christian invariably uncovers
his head for the purpose. A Chinaman breaks a saucer, the idea being
somewhat similar to our oath—that is to say, he thereby devotes his
soul to destruction if his testimony should be untrue. A Brahmin swears
with his hand upon the head of one of the bulls devoted to his deity.
A West African kills a bird; while his sovereign immolates a few human
beings from among his subjects. And other nations have equally distinct
methods of attesting their intention to speak ‘the truth, the whole
truth, and nothing but the truth.’


_UNDERWEIGHT AND OVERWEIGHT._

Formerly, farmers sold butter by customary pounds, some giving eighteen
ounces for a pound, and some twenty ounces; and numerous other articles
were sold by similar local weights. This is now illegal. By the Weights
and Measures Act, 1878, all customary and local weights were abolished.
As these weights of many irregular kinds had been largely used, various
trades were much exercised by their abolition, and evasions have been
frequent, and are not altogether unknown even now. By the Act of
Parliament referred to, the imperial standard pound is the unit of
weight from which all others are to be calculated: one-sixteenth part
of a pound is an ounce; one-sixteenth part of such ounce is a dram; and
one seven-thousandth part of the pound is a grain avoirdupois. A stone
consists of fourteen pounds; a hundredweight of eight such stones;
and a ton of twenty such hundredweights. Any person who sells by any
denomination of weight other than one of the imperial weights, or some
multiple or part thereof, is liable to a fine not exceeding forty
shillings for every such sale, with the following exceptions: gold,
silver, platinum, diamonds, and other precious metals and stones, may
be sold by the ounce troy or by any decimal parts of such ounce, which
is defined as containing avoirdupois four hundred and eighty grains;
and drugs when sold by retail, may be sold by apothecaries’ weight. It
is also enacted that a contract or dealing is not to be invalid or open
to objection on the ground that the weights expressed or referred to
therein are weights of the metric system, or on the ground that decimal
subdivisions of imperial weights, whether metric or otherwise, are used
in such contract or dealing. Any person who prints, and any clerk of a
market or other person who makes any return, price-list, price-current,
or any journal or other paper containing price-list or price-current
in which the denomination of weights quoted or referred to denotes or
implies any other than the standard weights, is liable to a fine not
exceeding ten shillings for every such paper. And every person who uses
or has in his possession for use in his trade a weight which is not of
the denomination of some Board of Trade standard, is liable to a fine
not exceeding five pounds, or in the case of a second offence, ten
pounds; and the weight is liable to be forfeited.

There is, however, one distinction between underweight and overweight
which many persons lose sight of; or rather, they mistakenly deny its
existence. When any article is sold by weight, it is essential that
full weight should be given, or the person who sells will become liable
to a penalty. But if he uses the proper weights corresponding with
the standards, he will not incur a penalty by giving what is commonly
called ‘thumping weight;’ that is to say, any want of precision in
weighing, if it should result in an excess, would not form a good
ground for a prosecution; while a similar discrepancy on the other
side would do so. It is cruel to give a poor person a loaf of bread
which is less than the authorised weight paid for; but if the weight
is in excess of the amount purchased, there is not much harm done: the
overweight was voluntary, and the tradesman cannot be punished for
giving more than was paid for.

The penalties, exceptions, &c., applicable to weights also apply to
measures; and the principal alteration made in our time is that the
heaped measures so familiar to us in our youth were abolished in
1878. The standard unit of measure of capacity is the gallon, both
for liquids and solids. The quart is one-fourth of a gallon, and the
pint is one-eighth thereof. Two gallons are a peck; eight gallons are
a bushel; eight bushels being a quarter; and thirty-six bushels, a
chaldron. In using a measure of capacity, the same is not to be heaped,
but either is to be stricken, as in the case of grain, with a round
stick or roller, straight, and of the same diameter from end to end;
or if the article sold cannot, from its size or shape, be conveniently
stricken, the measure must be filled in all parts as nearly to the
level of the brim as the size and shape of the article will admit.
Many articles which used to be sold by measure are now sold by weight,
such as fruit, vegetables, &c.; and therefore these regulations as to
measuring are not quite so universally interesting as they would have
been fifty years ago; while weights have acquired a greater degree of
importance than they ever had in the olden times.

Every tradesman who values his reputation ought to have his scales
and weights verified frequently; and in any case of any part of his
weighing apparatus being out of order, the authorised inspector ought
to be visited without delay, or some other efficient test should be
applied. Nothing injures a tradesman more than a conviction for having
defective weights or inaccurate scales in his possession. Whatever
suspicions his customers may entertain as to their parcels being
underweight, the certainty of such a conviction will impress them
far more; and many who never previously thought of weighing their
purchases, will begin to do so in consequence of seeing the conviction
reported in the papers; and yet we are willing to believe that in many
cases the conviction has been brought about by carelessness, and has
not been a punishment for deliberate fraud.


_IGNORANCE OF LAW AND OF FACT._

There is a great difference between the consequences of ignorance of
law and ignorance of fact. Law is supposed to be universally known,
though few if any persons are acquainted with all the multifarious laws
which are in existence, many of them being practically obsolete, others
repealed by implication, though not expressly, and the effect of others
being rendered doubtful by means of inconsistent enactments, which from
time to time puzzle the judges, who have to interpret the law in case
of differences of opinion on the part of other persons. The latter
class of laws lead to the necessity for frequent amending statutes, and
some of these are still imperfect, and need further amendments. The
legal system in its more positive department is thus frequently but a
doubtful path on which to walk; and the common law has its difficulties
as well as the statutory law. And yet the nature of the case requires
that all Her Majesty’s subjects should be held bound by all the laws
which are applicable to their respective positions. The rights of an
unfortunate ignoramus who is kept out of his property by fraud or
force are lost, and his estates become irrecoverable if those rights
are not enforced within the time limited by law, although he may never
have heard of there being a stipulated time for the commencement of an
action.

Blackstone gives as an illustration the case of a person who, intending
to kill a burglar in his own house, by mistake kills one of his own
family. This being a mistake of fact, is not a criminal offence. But if
another man, mistaking the law, thinks that he has a right to kill a
person who is excommunicate or an outlaw, and acts upon that belief, he
would be liable to be convicted for wilful murder. It may be observed
that the right of a householder to kill a burglar in his dwelling-house
is not an unqualified right; for in that case, a private individual
would be empowered to inflict a greater punishment than would be
awarded by the law after conviction. In case a burglar should attempt
violence which appeared likely to lead to murder of any of the inmates
of the house, the law would hold the person attacked justifiable in
defending his own life, even though in doing so he were compelled to
take the life of the assailant; but the necessity ought to be clearly
proved, if the defence is to succeed.

In civil actions, when the facts on which the supposed cause of
action arose are in dispute, and if either party has been led
to make concessions to the other party by means of fraudulent
misrepresentations, the ignorance of the victim of the fraud will not
prevent him from taking proceedings to set aside the agreement so
fraudulently obtained, when he becomes acquainted with the facts. But
if the compromise were founded upon a misconception of the law, he
would be bound by it; for he ought to have known the law, or employed
some person who knew it to protect his interests in the matter. But
having neglected this obvious precaution, he must submit to the
consequences with what grace he can assume.

The system of enacting new laws is not altogether free from objection,
though it is not so easy to apply a remedy as to form an objection.
The laws are passed at irregular times, some coming into operation at
some fixed future time; while others are binding upon all from the very
day on which they receive the royal assent. It is true that when an
Act of Parliament creates a new offence, and a person ignorant of its
existence is convicted of the breach of such new enactment, a slight
penalty is inflicted as a warning to other persons rather than as a
punishment for the offender; but still the stigma remains of having
been convicted for an offence against the law, which is worse to some
sensitive men than a heavy fine would be to some other persons of
different temperament and less unblemished previous character. The
theory that all new laws should be thoroughly made known to all the
persons likely to be affected thereby is like many other well-sounding
theories, it possesses the inherent defect of being impracticable. This
inconvenience of involuntary ignorance of new enactments has been
greatly diminished of late years by the immense increase of newspapers
and the general diffusion of knowledge. The Elementary Education Acts
have so extended the facilities for the acquisition of the art of
reading, and the taste for reading is so cultivated by cheap periodical
literature, that there is much more chance now than formerly of all
classes knowing something of what is being done in the way of new
enactments for the guidance of the people, the parliamentary reports
forming an important part of the contents of every newspaper, and
newspapers have come to be classed among the necessaries of life, even
by those whose incomes are of the smallest. We should, however, be glad
if the legislature could devise some more efficient way of making known
to all persons the laws which they are bound to observe.


FOOTNOTES:

[1] It should be understood that this series of articles deals mainly
with English as apart from Scotch law.

[2] In Scotland, the Testament is not made use of in taking the oath.
The witness is only required to hold up his right hand, and repeat the
words of the oath after the administrator.




THE SIGNALMAN’S LOVE-STORY.


IN TWO CHAPTERS.—CHAP. I.

A song which was very popular when I was a boy, says, ‘Most folks fall
in love, no doubt, some time or other.’ It might with equal truth have
said that most folks fall in love two or three times over. I am sure it
was the case with me. It was also my fate to do what, I am told, is one
of the commonest things in the world—that is, to fall violently in love
with a person entirely out of my own circle; not below it, like the
king and the beggar-maid, but a great deal above me; with a girl, too,
who was as proud and haughty and stony as Juno or a sphinx.

In the time to which I refer, nearly fifty years ago now—I am
seventy-one next birthday—the railway system was in its infancy, but
yet was spreading fast, and I was one of the earliest servants. It was
in no exalted position that I served. My father was dead; my mother
rented a small cottage on the land of the nobleman in whose service
her husband had lived and died; and this nobleman recommended me to
a railway Company which had just constructed a branch through his
estates. I was at first a porter, but afterwards a signalman, and, as
a great favour, I was assigned a post on the branch just mentioned,
close to my own house. The signal was not far from the junction of the
branch with the main line; a very lonely spot for a long way in either
direction, although there was a thriving town some five miles down the
branch; and there was a siding close by where the trucks used in the
scanty local traffic were collected.

There were some cottages near my crossing—I ought to have said that
there was a level crossing not far from my box—in one of these I lived;
a sprinkling of farmhouses and several very good houses of a higher
class were within sight. In one of these latter, not by any means the
grandest, but handsome enough for all that, lived Squire Cleabyrn; and
it was with his only daughter, Miss Beatrice, that I chose to fall in
love. For that matter, I daresay a score of other young fellows as
poor as myself were as earnestly in love with her as I was, but they
probably had sufficient sense not to show their folly. I did show
mine. I could not help it; and when I recall all I felt and suffered
at the time, I feel I must retract my admission that others were as
much in love with her as myself, but had the sense to conceal it; such
a thing would have been impossible. They could not have concealed it;
they might have refrained from talking about it. I did not talk; but
had they seen the girl as often as I did, and looked into her face as
closely as I did, they could not have hidden their infatuation from
her. In return, she would have looked at them with the same haughty
indifference—which yet had a something of contemptuous wonder in it—as
I was treated with.

Not that my story has anything of the Lady of Lyons flavour about it; I
was no Claude to an English Pauline; but this girl, this Miss Beatrice,
was so amazingly beautiful that she was famed for full twenty miles
around. In addition, she was one of the best horsewomen in the county,
and this enabled me to see more of her than I should otherwise have
done. She used to ride out, sometimes with a servant only, sometimes
with a party, nearly every day; and nearly every day she came through
the gates at my crossing. I tried not to look at her, feeling and
knowing that there sparkled from my eager eyes more feeling than I
should have allowed to escape me—but in vain. I could not withhold my
gaze from that cold, dark face—she was not a blonde beauty; golden hair
was not the rage in those days—or from her large, deep, unfathomable
eyes, that looked through me and past me as though I had not been
there, or was at best no more than a part of the barrier I swung open
for her passage. Yet these eyes, as I even then knew but too well, read
me to the core, while they seemed to ignore me.

I am almost ashamed to own it now, and even at this distance of time
it makes my cheeks tingle to recall it, but I have wasted a whole
afternoon, when I had a ‘turn off,’ in hope of seeing Miss Cleabyrn.

Her father’s house stood on a knoll, with smooth open lawns sloping
down from it on all sides, so that from my signal-box I could see when
any one was walking in the front of the mansion, and when a party
assembled to ride out. Well, I have actually lingered, on some feeble
pretence, for four or five hours about the signal-box, in hope that she
might walk on the lawn, or that she might mount and ride through our
gates.

I well remember that it was on one of these afternoons that Miss
Beatrice rode through with a small party. Ah! I recall them easily
enough. There was one other lady, and three gentlemen. To open the gate
for them, for her, was the opportunity I had been longing, waiting
for, and wasting my few hours of holiday for; so I offered to do this
to assist my mate, who had relieved me, and who was glad enough to be
spared the labour; and I caught a full glance from the eyes of Miss
Beatrice. The look was one in which she seemed to exchange glances
with me. I knew it meant nothing, that it was all a delusion, and yet
it would be enough to haunt me for days. I knew that also. I had never
seen her look so beautiful before, and I felt my cheeks and brow turn
burning hot in the instant I met this glance.

They passed. I watched them to the last—I always did—and I saw her
turn her head towards the gentleman who rode by her side. The movement
brought her profile so plainly in view that I could see she was
smiling. As I watched her, the gentleman turned round and looked in
my direction. He was smiling also; it was something beyond a smile
with him, and I then reddened more with shame, than I had before done
with excitement, for I knew he was laughing at me. So Miss Cleabyrn
must have been laughing also; and at what? I was the subject of their
ridicule, and it served me right. Yes; I knew that at the moment, but
to know it did not make the bitter pang less painful.

I went back to my comrade at the signal-box. He, too, had noticed
the group, and said, as I entered the hut: ‘That was the party from
Elm Knoll, wasn’t it?—Ah! I thought so; and of course that was the
celebrated Miss Cleabyrn. You know who that was riding by her side, I
suppose?’

‘No,’ I said, answering as calmly as I could; I was almost afraid to
trust my voice.

‘That’s a young fellow, a captain from somewhere,’ continued my mate,
‘who is going to marry Miss Cleabyrn. He has got a lot of money. So has
she. Sam Powell, who drives the night-mail, knows him, and told me all
about it.’

As the speaker had no idea of the absurd state I was in, he took no
particular notice of me, but changed the subject, and went on with some
indifferent topic.

I was glad he did so, for although I had an utter contempt for myself
and for my folly in allowing the conduct or the future of Miss Cleabyrn
to excite me, yet I could not have conversed on such a theme as her
marriage; while the knowledge that the person to whom I had been
ridiculed—I felt sure of that—was her avowed lover, seemed to increase
the bitterness of the sting tenfold.

I had ample opportunity of seeing that the report which I had heard
was likely, at anyrate, to be founded in fact, as the stranger, the
‘captain from somewhere,’ remained a guest at Elm Knoll for fully a
fortnight, during which time not a day passed without my seeing both
him and Miss Cleabyrn, and sometimes more than once each day. So I came
to know him by sight as well as I did her. He was a frank, handsome,
young fellow; that I could see, and was obliged to own; and in his
speech he was pleasant. This was shown by his stopping on two or three
occasions, when riding alone, to ask me some questions, as I opened the
gate for him.

I was sure he made these occasions, and at first disliked him for it;
but I could not continue to bear ill-will against a man of such kindly
open manners, so I relented, and, ere he left the neighbourhood, used
to look forward with pleasure to seeing him. This was a sad falling-off
from my previous lofty mood, and so was my accepting a cigar from him
as he rode through. In fact, although I have no doubt ‘written myself
an ass,’ as our old friend Dogberry would have said, yet at the worst I
was not without some glimmering of sense, which saved me from making an
absolute example of myself.

Even during the short time in which the captain—I did not know his
name—was visiting at Elm Knoll, the heat and surge of my absurd passion
had perceptibly moderated, and just then several circumstances combined
to restore me to a right frame of mind.

After the captain’s departure, Miss Beatrice left home on a prolonged
visit, so that I did not see her; and at the same time I met Patty
Carr, who was, in her way, quite as pretty as Beatrice Cleabyrn,
although not nearly so haughty; and my heart being specially tender and
open to impression just then, I suppose, I speedily thought more of her
than of the young lady at Elm Knoll. Indeed we were married the next
year.

At the time I speak of, a good many things were in vogue, or at least
had not died out, which have quite vanished now, and among these was
duelling. Every now and then, a duel was fought; but the ridicule
which attended bloodless meetings, and the greater activity of the
police in cases where harm was done, were diminishing them greatly;
yet still, they did occasionally happen. A great stir was made by
a violent quarrel among some officers of a regiment quartered in
Lancashire, in which a challenge to fight a duel had been given and
refused. It was called in the papers of the day, ‘The Great Military
Scandal,’ and arose in the following manner. A certain Major Starley
had offered a gross insult to a young lady, on whom, it appeared, he
had been forcing his attentions for some time; and her only relative,
a half-brother, was in the same regiment with the major. The details
were not pleasant, and it was no wonder that Captain Laurenston
challenged the major; but the latter declined the challenge on some
professional grounds; and when the parties met, high words passed.
These commenced, it appeared, with the captain; but each became violent
in the dispute, until at last the captain thrashed his antagonist in
the presence of several officers. This was not a make-believe beating;
a ‘consider-yourself-horsewhipped’ affair, but a right-down ‘welting,’
the major being badly cut and bruised. This was serious enough, anyhow;
but what made it worse was that the officers were on duty at the time;
and by the strict letter of military law, the captain would certainly
be punished with death.

He had expected, it seems, that after so public and such a painful
humiliation, he would infallibly receive a challenge from the injured
officer; but it was not so. He was placed in arrest in the barracks,
and expected to be brought to a court-martial. He heard, however, from
some friendly source that it was intended to hand him over to the civil
power, when he would be charged with an assault with intent to kill.

In those days, almost anything was transportable, and as Major Starley
belonged to one of the most influential families in the kingdom, there
was no doubt that the captain would be sent to a convict settlement.
There was also no doubt that the prosecution would be conducted in the
most vindictive spirit and pushed to the bitterest end.

Terrified at such a prospect, the young officer escaped from the
barracks, by connivance of the guard, there was reason to suppose,
although this was never completely proved; at anyrate, he got clear
away, and disappeared. Immediate advantage was taken of this fatal
although very natural step, and a reward was at once offered for his
apprehension. If he could get out of the country, he would be safe,
as there were then no engagements for giving up criminals, so the
ports were watched, an easier thing to do when there was not such a
tremendous outflow of emigration as now.

Public sympathy was, naturally, strongly in favour of Captain
Laurenston, and against the major, who would be compelled, it was
generally said, to leave the service. But this would not save the
captain from being cashiered, nor from fourteen years’ transportation,
as he was certain to be made an example of, if only for the purpose of
showing that officers would be protected when they refused to accept a
challenge.

I had taken an interest in all these details, as my mates had
done, and, as with them, my sympathies were on the side of Captain
Laurenston, yet only as a stranger, for I had never, to my knowledge,
heard of him before. But after a while it began to be said that the
captain was the officer who had been so long a visitor at Elm Knoll,
and was the accepted suitor of Miss Cleabyrn. This gave me more
interest in the affair, and I sincerely hoped he might make good his
escape.

Miss Beatrice had returned to Elm Knoll; but she rarely left the house,
and still more rarely rode out, although it was the hunting season, so
that I hardly ever saw her.

I was on night-duty at the signals; and when I went there one evening
to relieve the day man, he told me that there were several London
detectives ‘hanging about the place’—he knew this from one of the
guards who had formerly been in the police, and so recognised them. I
naturally asked if the Company suspected anything wrong among their
people, and my mate said no, not at all. The detectives of course would
not say anything about their business; but the guard suspected that
they were after Captain Laurenston, who was likely to try to see Miss
Cleabyrn before leaving England. This appeared feasible enough; and I
was able heartily to echo the wish of my mate, to the effect that the
young fellow might give his pursuers the slip.

I have said that my signals and crossing were on a branch, of no great
traffic; so, when the last down passengers’ and first night goods’
trains had passed—they followed each other pretty closely—there was
nothing stirring for several hours. Traffic through the gates at the
level crossing after dark, there was little or none, so my berth was
dull and lonely enough. I did not much mind this, for I was fond of
reading, and on this night—a stormy one it was—I was reading a terrible
ghost story. I laugh at such things now, but I know right well that
they made me ‘creep’ then. I daresay every one knows the sensation, and
has felt it over ghost stories. I was in the midst of the most terrible
part, when I heard a slight noise, and lifting up my eyes, saw at my
little window, quite close to me, that which startled me more than any
ghostly appearance ever will. I thought it _was_ a ghost. The glare of
my lamp fell upon the panes, and I recognised the large deep eyes which
had so often thrilled me. I saw, and knew to a certainty that Beatrice
Cleabyrn was looking at me. She knew by my electric start that she was
recognised. The face vanished from my window, and as I sprang from my
seat, there was a tap at my door. I threw it open. The furious blast of
wind which entered almost blew out my lamp, and I felt the driving rain
even as I stood within the hut. It was Miss Cleabyrn, and she at once
stepped over my threshold. She had on a large cloak, the cape of which
was turned up so as to form a hood, and this was dripping with wet;
great drops of rain were on her face too. I pushed my stool, the only
seat in my hut, towards her, and strove to ask what had brought her to
such a spot on such a night; but I could get out no intelligible words.
She had closed the door after her, and in her very manner of doing so,
there was something which suggested fear and danger, so that I caught
my breath in sympathetic alarm.

‘You are Philip Waltress, are you not?’ she said.

I had never heard her speak before, and either I was still under the
influence of my old enchantment, or she really had the most melodious,
most thrilling voice in the world; assuredly I thought so. Of course I
replied in the affirmative.

‘We—I have heard you spoken of,’ she continued; ‘and always favourably.
I am sure you may be trusted; I am sure you will be faithful.’

‘If I can serve you in any manner, Miss Cleabyrn,’ I managed to say, ‘I
will be faithful to any promise I may give—faithful to death.’ This was
a rather strong speech, but I could not help it. As I made it, I felt
that she knew right well, without being led by any report or mention of
me—even if she had heard anything of the sort—why I might be trusted.

She smiled as I said this. I knew how fascinating was her smile, but
I had never seen it with such sadness in it; it was a thousand times
more enthralling than before. ‘I will confide in you,’ she went on. ‘I
will tell you why I am here in such a tempest; to do this, will be to
confide in you most fully.—I will not sit down’—this was called forth
by another offer of the only seat already mentioned—‘I will stand
here’—she was standing in an angle behind the door, much screened by my
desk and some books which were heaped upon it—‘then no chance or prying
passer-by can see me.’

‘None will pass here for some time, Miss Cleabyrn,’ I said; ‘on such a
night as this, on any night, indeed, the place is deserted; but take
the precaution, if it will give you a feeling of greater safety.’

She did so; and then proceeded, firmly and collectedly—I was enabled
afterwards to judge how much the effort cost her—to tell me what had
brought her to my station. ‘You have heard of Captain Laurenston?’ she
began.

I signified that I had done so.

‘You know that he is pursued by the police; and you know, I have no
doubt, that he is the gentleman who was here in the early part of the
summer?—I thought so. He is in this neighbourhood; is not far from
here. He dares not enter our house at Elm Knoll, as that is not only
under special watch, but we have reason to think that one or more of
our servants are bought over, and would act as spies and informers. He
cannot get away without assistance; and you, he thinks, are the only
man he can trust.’

‘_I_ am!’ I exclaimed. ‘Why, what can I do?’

‘Perhaps nothing; perhaps everything,’ replied Miss Cleabyrn. ‘He has
been seen and recognised here, and every hour makes it more dangerous
for him to linger. He knows he can trust you. I am sure of it too,’ she
added, after a moment’s hesitation; ‘your very look justifies me in
saying so much.’

Ah! she knew what my poor stupid looks had revealed, months before, and
speculated rightly that I would have been taken out and shot dead on
the line, rather than have betrayed her slightest confidence.

I told her that I would do anything to assist her, and the captain too.
‘In what way,’ I continued, ‘do you——?’

‘You must get him away in one of the carriages,’ she interrupted—‘some
carriage which leaves here; for if he ventures to the station, he will
certainly be arrested. You can, for the present, conceal him in your
cottage, where, as I know, nobody lives but your mother and yourself.
We leave all to you. He will come here to-morrow night. The rest is in
your hands.—These are all I can give you now,’ she continued. ‘What
ready money we can command, he will want; but in a short time you shall
be properly rewarded.’ As she spoke, I saw her hands were busy under
her cloak; and in the next instant she laid on the desk before me a
handsome gold watch and chain.

‘Miss Cleabyrn!’ I gasped at last; ‘you do not think—do not suppose for
a moment that I want—would take from you anything to buy my aid! I am
only too willing to give it. I shall be proud’——

‘They are yours!’ she interrupted. ‘Watch for the captain to-morrow
night.—Do not follow me.—No; keep them! All we can do will be but
trifling to show our undying gratitude, if you aid us now.’ She opened
the door as she said this, and in a moment was lost in the darkness of
the night, leaving me standing with the watch and chain in my hand.




MY DETECTIVE EXPERIENCES.


Novel-readers are well acquainted with the modern detective. He is
almost as important a personage as the rich nabob, who was so lavishly
utilised by our progenitors in cutting the Gordian knot of difficulties
in their contemporary works of fiction. If ‘the good man struggling
with the storms of Fate’ required instant rescue from his troubles,
a rich uncle from India appeared upon the scene. So in our day the
villain is run to earth by a supernaturally gifted detective. But
making allowances for the fact that a great part of our fiction is the
work of women, who cannot (presumably) have come in contact with the
detective class, the sketches of these useful individuals by feminine
pens are tolerably close to nature, although they are copies of
pre-existing portraits; or evolved from their inner consciousness, in
the same way as the most vivid description of Switzerland is said to be
the work of Schiller, who had never seen the country.

My first professional experience of a detective was as follows. On
a certain evening, I found, to my dismay, that the entrance-hall of
my house had been practically cleared of its contents—a hat, two
umbrellas, and a valuable sealskin cloak having disappeared. I gave
information at the nearest police station, and was informed that a
police-officer would wait upon me. On the following day, the servant
announced that a man wanted to speak to me at the street-door. I found
an herculean individual in the garb of a navvy, with large sandy
whiskers and red hair, who informed me that he was a detective. I
ushered him into the dining-room, where he seated himself, and listened
very patiently to my story. He inquired as to the character of the girl
who answered the door. ‘Tolerable,’ I replied. ‘But she is under notice
to leave.’

He expressed his conviction that the servant was in collusion with
the thief or thieves. At this moment I was again summoned to the
door, where I beheld a somewhat diminutive individual, attired
as a clergyman. He was an elderly man, with silver hair, a clear
pink-and-white complexion, and wore a suit of superfine broadcloth,
with a white cravat. His ‘get-up’ to the smallest detail was faultless,
even to the gold-rimmed double eyeglass. ‘You have a detective here?’

‘Yes.’

‘I am a sergeant of the E division; can I speak to him?’

In another minute the pair were seated side by side, as great a
contrast as it is possible to conceive.

Finding that my business alone was not the cause of his visit, I
courteously left them to themselves. In a few minutes, the ‘clergyman’
left the house, expressing a hope that I should obtain some tidings of
my lost property. The ‘navvy’ remained for about half an hour, relating
some of his experiences. ‘You see, sir, we have different tools for
different jobs. If there is to be any rough-and-tumble business, any
work requiring strength and muscle, anything dangerous, they employ a
man like me.’ The speaker stretched his powerful limbs as he spoke with
some natural pride. ‘Our sergeant would be of no use at all in such
work. He does the delicate work, the organising part of the affair—same
as a general.’ The ‘navvy’ then went on to relate how he had lately
been employed to detect the supposed defalcations of a barmaid at a
small beershop in a low quarter of the town. The customary expedient
of paying for supplies with marked coin was not deemed sufficient,
as an opinion existed that the girl was a member of a gang, whom
it was deemed prudent to discover. ‘So, for a fortnight, I haunted
that public, as you see me now, passing for a navvy who was taking a
holiday and spending his savings; sometimes sitting in the taproom, and
sometimes in front of the bar, smoking and chatting with all comers.
The suspicions formed proved to be correct; and the girl turned out to
be an agent of a gang of area-sneaks and burglars.’

I am compelled to record that my loquacious friend was not equally
successful in my case, no trace of the missing property ever having
been discovered.

My next experience of detectives was on two occasions when I officiated
as a grand-juryman. The reader is probably aware that the grand-jurymen
sit in a room in the immediate proximity of the court, listening to
evidence for the prosecution only, the prisoner not being produced;
the object being to discover whether the prisoner shall be put on his
trial or not. Sometimes there is a perfect procession of detectives,
of every type, according to the nature of the case. One will appear
habited as a workman, unshaven, and giving one the notion of being
out of employment; to be followed by another dressed in the most
faultless style. They are all remarkable for giving their evidence
in an admirable manner, beginning at the beginning, never using a
superfluous word, and leaving off when the end has arrived. This is in
strong contrast to the ordinary witness, especially the female witness,
whom it is difficult to keep to the point. One of the detectives made
a lasting impression on me. He might have stepped on to the boards
of a fashionable theatre as the exponent of Sir Frederick Blount in
Lord Lytton’s play of _Money_—a very light overcoat, check trousers,
patent leather boots, white gaiters and pearl buttons, lemon-coloured
kid gloves, and a silver-headed Malacca cane. He was very pale, with
flaxen hair parted down the middle, and a light fluffy moustache. The
jury opened their eyes very wide when he commenced his business-like
statement by saying that he was a sergeant in the detective force. He
had been driving a swell dogcart in company with another detective,
on the look-out for some noted horse-stealers in one of the Eastern
Counties. He had met them driving a cart to which a stolen horse was
attached. They obeyed his command for a while to follow him to the
market town, but suddenly attempted flight across the fields, deserting
their cart and horses; but were pursued and captured.

The following is a notable instance of shrewdness on the part of a
detective. Some burglars had been disturbed in their work in a house
near the Regent’s Park by a wakeful butler. He was armed with a gun,
and he succeeded in capturing one burglar and wounding another, who
escaped. There was no doubt of the latter fact, as spots of blood
were plainly discernible on the snowy ground. When the day for the
examination of the captured burglar arrived, a detective placed
himself in the police court in a position whence he could watch
the countenances of the general public. He wisely argued that some
friend of the prisoner would attend in order to convey the earliest
information to the wounded burglar of the result of the examination of
his friend. For a while the detective scanned the grimy features of the
audience in vain; at length he fancied that a woman betrayed more than
ordinary interest in the evidence adduced. At the conclusion of the
examination, he followed the woman to a humble lodging in the Borough;
and there, stretched on a miserable pallet, lay the burglar with a
bullet-wound in his leg.

A detective who had followed a felonious clerk from England to the
United States, lost the scent at Buffalo, which is about twenty miles
from the celebrated Falls of Niagara. The detective argued that no one
would come so near to the Falls without paying a visit to them. He went
accordingly, and the first person he saw was the runaway clerk absorbed
in admiration of the Horse-shoe Fall.

With a singular occurrence, which happened to myself, I will conclude
these rambling notes. On the 25th of January 1885, I was seated at tea
with my family in my house, which is located in a very quiet street
in West Kensington. The servant appeared and said a gentleman wished
to speak to me. He had not inquired for any one in particular, but
had said that ‘any gentleman would do.’ I must remind the reader that
all London was at this time ringing with the details of the dynamite
explosion at the House of Commons and the Tower on the preceding day. I
found a tall gentlemanly individual about thirty, of the genus ‘swell,’
who spoke with all the tone and manner of a person accustomed to good
society. After a momentary glance at me, he turned his head and kept
his eyes intently fixed on the farther end of the street. He spoke in a
low tone, and in somewhat hurried and excited accents. ‘I want you to
assist me in arresting two Irish Americans. I have been following them
for some time, and they have just discovered that fact.’

‘Are you a detective?’ I inquired.

‘I am,’ he replied with his gaze still concentrated on the somewhat
foggy street. ‘I can see them still,’ he continued.

Now, I am afraid, when I record my reply, I shall be placed on the same
pedestal with Sir John Falstaff at the battle of Shrewsbury, so far as
physical courage is concerned. But I had only lately recovered from a
prostrating illness, which had left me very weak, and had been confined
to the house for a fortnight under medical certificate. I briefly
stated these facts, and added, that I feared I was not at that moment
qualified for an affair such as he alluded to. He sighed in response,
and without removing his gaze from his quarry, said: ‘I wish I could
see a policeman,’ and walked rapidly away in the direction of the two
men.

Assuming his story to be a true one, the men must have purposely
decoyed him into a quiet street, and there waited, in order to solve
the point whether they were in reality being tracked. Reluctant to
attempt their arrest single-handed, the detective rang at the first
door he came to, to throw them off their guard, and cause them to
suppose that he had friends in the street; also on the chance that he
might obtain a stalwart assistant in his desperate adventure. I have
never heard anything further of my mysterious visitor. My readers can
easily imagine the diversified comments to which my cautious conduct
has given rise—how I have missed a golden opportunity of immortalising
myself, and of becoming the hero of the day! how I have probably
escaped death by knife or revolver from two desperadoes, who, under
the circumstances, could easily have effected their escape in a retired
street and in the gray dusk of a Sabbath evening.




A BONE TO PICK WITH ARTISTS.


I have a bone to pick with my friends the artists! I use the word
‘friends’ advisedly, for have I not had the entrée for years to several
studios in artistic Kensington? First and foremost was that of poor
T. L. Rowbotham, who was so suddenly removed from amongst us some ten
years ago, leaving a reputation for breezy coast scenery, which is
still green in the memory of the public. My ground of offence is this:
that they invest their subjects with so much of their own poetical
imagination, that when we subsequently make acquaintance with the
localities, an acute sense of disappointment is experienced. Thus, I
had been familiar for years with the exquisite engraving after Turner
of Abbotsford, wherein the abode of the Wizard of the North peers
forth like some huge baronial castle from a dense forest of trees
which extends to the bank of the murmuring Tweed. The happy time
arrived at length when I was fated to make acquaintance with Scotland
and its lovely scenery. Need I say that I included in my explorations
Abbotsford and Melrose. My heart beat high as I felt that I was within
a couple of miles of renowned Abbotsford. Could I not see in my mind’s
eye the massive entrance porch, as sketched by Sir William Allan, R.A.;
the baronial hall with the knights in armour, and so on? What was the
reality? A very comfortable country mansion, not of any great size,
and the dense forest melted into thin air! I must candidly admit, with
respect to the last point, that the artist was not responsible for this
omission, as the plantation had been cut down for sanitary reasons by
the descendants of the great Sir Walter. But the rooms were terribly
shrunken as compared with the images in my mind’s eye, as created by
the imaginative Turner and Allan. Melrose Abbey could not be better;
but I was disappointed to find the sacred fane so hemmed in by poor
buildings, which never appear in the artist’s sketches.

On one occasion, I was carefully watching the deft fingers of my friend
Smith, as he rapidly placed upon paper the outward resemblance of a
picturesque water-mill in a valley in the Lowlands. Suddenly his pencil
described a swelling mountain in the far distance. In vain I protested
at this outrage on authenticity and vraisemblance. Smith was firm, and
descanted in eloquent terms on the improvement caused by the addition.
Herein lies the key of my ground of complaint.

Haddon Hall is another of my painful awakenings. It is worthy a
pilgrimage to explore those tapestried halls, for they are full of
interest, and the Hall itself is beautifully situated. But he who has
never studied the hundreds of views of Haddon which are in existence,
will be the happier man. The chambers have a dwarfed and shrunken
appearance. The miniature terrace with its moss-grown steps looking
like a view seen through the wrong end of a telescope, completed my
disappointment.

Fontainebleau was a success, because I was not familiar with any
magnified views thereof. Always excepting the famous courtyard in front
of the renowned horse-shoe staircase, down the steps of which the
defeated Emperor slowly trod ere he bade farewell to his legions, prior
to his departure for Elba. Do we not all know the celebrated print
after Horace Vernet, wherein Napoleon I. is depicted embracing General
Petit, while the stalwart standard-bearer of the erst victorious eagle
covers his weeping face with one hand. In the immense space, the
serried ranks of the Imperial Guard stand like mournful statues. I
sighed as I contemplated the moderate-sized square. Another illusion
had departed!

Any one who has seen the chamber at Holyrood in which Mary Stuart
held high festival with her ladies, listening the while to the
love-songs of the Italian Rizzio, will candidly admit that it is one
of the smallest supper-rooms in existence! Snug, decidedly—‘exceeding
snug,’ as Sir Lucius O’Trigger remarks with respect to intramural
interment in the Abbey at Bath. And here I must admit that there is
one brilliant exception to the theory I have laid down—Edinburgh! I
have never heard a single individual express disappointment with the
first sight of ‘Auld Reekie!’ Climatic surroundings of course increase
or diminish the enthusiasm. Probably no city has been so profusely
illustrated, and when the special points are seen for the first time,
they are recognised as old familiar friends. Well do I remember my
first experience. The transit from the south at that time was not
managed with the same speed or the same punctuality as nowadays. I
was timed to arrive at the Caledonian station at eleven P.M. It was
considerably past midnight, and dark as pitch, when I stepped into a
cab amidst torrents of rain, and requested to be driven to a certain
hotel. During the journey, I fancied I caught a glimpse of the Scott
Monument, and felt a spasmodic thrill in consequence. When I descended
to the breakfast-room the following morning, all was changed. Before my
gaze stretched the long line of Princes Street, with the elegant Gothic
spire of Scott’s Monument tapering gracefully into the blue sunlit air.
The cries of the Newhaven fishwives were as music to my ear.

I was so impatient to mount the Castle Hill and the Calton Hill, that
I wished I could be Sir Boyle Roche’s bird, and be in two places at
once. To describe the views from these celebrated eminences would be
to relate a ‘twice-told tale.’ But even at this distance of time I
smile at my outspoken delight as I ‘spotted’ places I had been familiar
with from childhood (on paper), and their unexpected relation to each
other. ‘Why, that is Holyrood below me!’ and then I remembered that the
old palace must have a local habitation somewhere. But there are two
effects which remain for ever imprinted on my memory. The rainclouds
had gathered again, and as they scudded rapidly across the heavens, the
Castle and Rock were one moment in bright sunlight, and then involved
in the deepest gloom, so that the green-covered base appeared as
unsubstantial in the mist as a fairy palace. The second effect was the
Old Town at night as viewed from Princes Street, with the twinkling
lights piled high in air, as if they denoted the lofty towers of a
palace of the gnomes. The walk of a few yards changes the entire scene.
Arthur Seat, Salisbury Crags, and the Pentlands seen from a different
angle create a new picture. Edinburgh, changeable and inexhaustible,
the kaleidoscope of cities!

I wish to touch with becoming reverence on the disillusions which may
lie under the pictorial representations of the Holy Land. Inspired by
those illustrations, how often have I in imagination left Jerusalem by
one of the city gates, and explored the Valley of Jehoshaphat, ascended
the Mount of Olives, and followed the convolutions of the brook Kedron,
the gently rising moon illumining meanwhile the garden of Gethsemane!
Would a personal examination of some of those sacred places be attended
with perfect satisfaction? I fear not.




THE SICKROOM FIRE.


I am neither doctor nor nurse by profession, but have had twice in my
lifetime to abandon my ordinary occupation and take charge of members
of my family who suffered from severe illness. Like others who were not
taught ‘the regular way,’ I had to meet difficulties as they arose,
and, as often happens, necessity became the mother of invention.

My first patient was my father: he suffered from nervous fever; and the
slightest noise caused him great suffering, every sound appearing to
be magnified to an extraordinary degree. It was, of course, important
that nothing should occur to break the light sleep which he got from
time to time. His illness occurred in winter, and the season was an
unusually severe one of frost. It was necessary to keep a fire in the
bedroom; yet I found that the poking of it, dropping of cinders on the
fender-pan, and the putting of coals on the fire, interfered sadly
with my patient’s rest; and I saw that I must get rid of the noise if
my nursing was to be a success. My first step was to send out of the
room both fender and fire-irons, and to get an ordinary walking-stick,
such as is sold for sixpence. With this I cleared the bars and did
what poking was necessary for several weeks. When it took fire, as
it occasionally did, a rub upon the hob put it out. All the rattle
of fire-irons and fender was got rid of, and my first difficulty was
overcome. My remaining trouble was putting coals on the fire. If I
shook them out of the scuttle into the grate, it made a deal of noise;
if I rooted them out with a scoop, the sound was nearly as great, and
more irritating, because more prolonged. I managed to get out of that
difficulty by making up the coal in parcels. I brought my coal-box
downstairs, and taking a couple of scoopfuls of coal at a time, I
folded it in a piece of newspaper, and then tied each parcel with
string. I put the parcels one upon another in it until the coal-box
was full, and took them to my patient’s room. When the fire wanted
replenishing, I placed a parcel upon it; the paper burned, away, and
the coal settled down gently with little or no sound. After this, the
fire was no longer a trouble to me or to my patient.

Some years after my first experience at nursing, my wife was suddenly
attacked with typhus fever. I had to clear the house of children and
servants, and send for two hospital nurses. When I was preparing for
the night on the evening of their arrival, the nurse who was about to
sit up smiled when she saw me bring into the patient’s room a coal-box
full of paper parcels. She evidently looked upon it as the whim of an
amateur. The next morning, she took quite another view of the case,
and said: ‘I thought, sir, that I knew my business pretty well; but
you certainly have taught me something I did not know—how to manage a
sickroom fire. Why, I often let the fire out, and had to sit for hours
in the cold, for fear of wakening patients when they were getting a
good sleep, besides missing the fire afterwards, when they wakened, and
I had not a warm drink for them or the means of making it. With your
parcels, I had a good fire all night without a sound, and never had to
soil my fingers.’




THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY’S WESTERN TERMINUS.


Port Moody, at the head of Burrard Inlet, was the point first selected
as a terminus for the Canadian Pacific Railway. The terminus finally
decided upon, however, lies on Coal Harbour, near the entrance to
this inlet, where the city of Vancouver is now springing up with
great rapidity. The Company’s machine-shops and terminal works will
be located here, and it promises to be an important commercial city
at no distant date. Tenders have been spoken of for a fortnightly
mail-service between that point and Yokohama and Hong-kong. It is also
probable that the carrying of the bulk of tea shipments for England and
the eastern American States and provinces will be done by this route.
This makes the outlook all the more promising for Vancouver. Town-lots
of land have been laid off by the provincial government fronting the
anchorage on English Bay, a large portion of which will be used by the
railway Company for terminal works.




‘LET THERE BE LIGHT.’


    ‘Let there be light;’ and through the abysmal deep,
      Where Darkness sat enthroned in silent state,
      A tremor passed, as though propitious Fate
    Had roused some charmèd castle from the sleep
    That sealed all eyes from battlement to keep;
      For man or friend the warder dare not wait
      To parley with the Voice outside the gate,
    For living thing must walk, fly, swim, and creep.

    ‘Let there be light:’ thus at Creation’s dawn,
      Ere earth had shape, the glorious mandate ran.
    Nature obeyed; and o’er the face of night
    Went forth the rosy streaks of our first morn.
      Still Nature keeps to one unvarying plan,
    And God-like souls still cry: ‘Let there be light.’

            ALBERT FRANCIS CROSS.

       *       *       *       *       *

Printed and Published by W. & R. CHAMBERS, 47 Paternoster Row, LONDON,
and 339 High Street, EDINBURGH.

       *       *       *       *       *

_All Rights Reserved._




*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL OF POPULAR LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART, FIFTH SERIES, NO. 118, VOL. III, APRIL 3, 1886 ***


    

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very
easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation
of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project
Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may
do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected
by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark
license, especially commercial redistribution.


START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person
or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual
works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting
free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily
comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when
you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear
prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work
on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed,
performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

    This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
    other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
    whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
    of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
    at www.gutenberg.org. If you
    are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws
    of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
  
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works
posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format
other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

    • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
        the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method
        you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
        to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has
        agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
        within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
        legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
        payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
        Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
        Literary Archive Foundation.”
    
    • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
        you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
        does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
        License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
        copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
        all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™
        works.
    
    • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
        any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
        electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
        receipt of the work.
    
    • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
        distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
    

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than
are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right
of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,
Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread
public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state
visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.