[Illustration:

 REV. C. O. BOOTHE, D. D.
 Author of “Plain Theology.”]




 THE
 CYCLOPEDIA
 OF THE
 COLORED BAPTISTS OF ALABAMA
 THEIR LEADERS AND THEIR WORK


 BY
 Charles Octavius Boothe, D. D.

 Author of “Plain Theology for Plain People.”


 BIRMINGHAM:
 Alabama Publishing Company.
 1895




 Copyright 1895
 By Rev. C. O. Boothe, D. D.




INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.


                                                    PAGE.
 Rev. C. O. Boothe                           Frontispiece
 Rev. J. Q. A. Wilhite                                 12
 Hon. A. H. Curtis                                     19
 Mrs. A. A. Bowie                                      26
 Rev. L. S. Steinback in the act of Baptism            33
 Mrs. D. S. Jordan                                     36
 Shiloh Church, Birmingham                      Facing 45
 Rev. F. R. Kennedy                                    56
 Selma University                               Facing 61
 Mrs. M. D. Duncan                                     66
 Rev. J. P. Barton                                     75
 Miss H. Martin                                        82
 Rev. W. R. Pettiford                                  91
 Rev. J. L. Frazier                                    99
 Rev. P. S. L. Hutchins                               106
 Rev. W. T. Bibb                                      110
 Sixteenth Street Church, Birmingham           Facing 120
 Rev. S. L. Belser                                    129
 Dr. U. G. Mason                                      136
 Rev. J. P. O’Riley                                   144
 Miss Ella Knapp                                      151
 Rev. J. H. Eason                                     158
 Miss A. L. Bowman                                    165
 Rev. M. Tyler                                        172
 Mrs. Rebecca Pitts                                   179
 Rev. W. C. Bradford                                  186
 Rev. H. Woodsmall                                    194
 Rev. J. E. Wilson                                    203
 Rev. W. A. Shirley                            Facing 207
 Rev. L. S. Steinback                                 212
 St. Louis Street Church, Mobile               Facing 221
 Rev. T. W. Walker                                    228
 Rev. J. W. Jackson                                   238
 First Church, Selma                                  244
 Miss Joanna P. Moore, Nashville               Facing 249
 Rev. C. J. Hardy                                     254
 Rev. S. L. Ross                                      259
 Dexter Avenue Church, Montgomery              Facing 262
 Rev. C. L. Purce                                     265




TABLE OF CONTENTS.


 CHAP.                              PAGE.
       Autobiography of the Author      9
       Preface                         13
   I.--Introduction                    17
  II.--The State Conventions           37
 III.--Associations                    55
  IV.--Biographic Sketches            111
       Biographic Supplement          223
   V.--Summary                        237
       Final Remarks                  263




AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR.

       *       *       *       *       *

Possibly some one may desire at some time and for some reason to know
something of the author of this book, and therefore he submits the
following short statement:

LINEAGE AND NATIVITY.--His great-grandmother was born on the west coast
of Africa and was brought a slave to Virginia, where his grandmother
was born. Ere his grandmother had reached her maturity of womanhood,
she was sold into Georgia, where his mother was born. While his mother
was still a child, she and her mother were carried to Mobile county,
Ala., by a Mr. Nathan Howard. In this county, on a lonely looking sand
hill amid pine forests, on June 13, 1845, the writer made his advent
into this world. (In this year, 1845, the Baptists of America divided.)

EARLY RECOLLECTIONS.--Stored away in my earliest memories I find: (1)
The songs and family prayers of my step-grandfather, a pure African,
who had not only learned to read his Bible and hymn book, but had also
learned the rudiments of vocal music sufficiently well to teach the
art of singing. (2) The tender and constant attention of an old white
lady (the only white person on the place), who took my hand as she
went out to look after the nests of the domestic fowls and to gather
a dish of ripe fruit. (3) A Baptist church in the forest, where white
and colored people sat together to commune and to wash each other’s
feet. (4) The saintly face and pure life of my grandmother, to whom
white and black went for prayer and for comfort in the times of their
sorrows. (5) A tin-plate containing the alphabet, from which at the
age of 3 years, I learned the English letters. (6) The death of the
old white lady, and the severing from dear grandmother and the old
home. (7) My introduction at the age of 6 years to the family of Nathan
Howard, Jr., where things were not altogether as tender toward me as
at the old home, and where I came more into associations with books
and with life’s sterner facts. The teachers who boarded here at my
new home became my instructors, and so I was soon reading and writing
fairly well. Here, listening to the reading of the Bible, I was drawn
toward it, and began to read it for myself. The gospel story bound me
to it with cords which nothing has been able to break. At the close of
my eighth year I began to seek the Lord by prayer and supplication,
and have, from that time to this, continued my secret devotions and
strivings after truth. My association with Col. James S. Terrel, the
brother of Judge S. H. Terrel, of Clark county, Miss., at the age of
14, as office boy in his law office, gave me a still broader range of
books. I think I can say that the Colonel and I really loved each other.

I am not sure that I know just when I was regenerated, as my childhood
prayers were often attended with refreshing seasons of love and
joy. But my life was too often very un-christian, breaking out into
the wildest rages of bad temper, which was followed by weeping and
remorse. In 1865, however, I reached an experience of grace which
so strengthened me as to fix me on the side of the people of God. I
went at once to reading the scriptures in public and leading prayer
meetings; notwithstanding this, I was not baptized until March, 1866,
by Rev. O. D. Bowen, of Shubuta, Miss. I was ordained in the St. Louis
Street Church, Mobile, December, 1868, by Revs. Charles Leavens and
Philip Gambrell.

I taught school for the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1867--taught various
schools under our public school system. I have been pastor of the
First Colored Baptist Church, Meridian, Miss., Dexter Avenue Church,
Montgomery, and held various State positions. The only time I have
spent at school was spent in Meharry, the medical department of the
Central Tennessee College.

      C. O. BOOTHE.

[Illustration]


[Illustration: Rev. J. Q. A. Wilhite, Pastor Sixth Avenue Baptist
Church, Birmingham, Ala.]




PREFACE.

       *       *       *       *       *

This effort to give substantial and favorable testimony in the interest
of the men and work of the Colored Baptists of Alabama grows out of
certain aims and purposes, such as:

1. The desire to produce a picture of the negro associated with the
gospel under the regime of slavery. Such a picture will serve to turn
our eyes upon the social, moral and religious forces of the dark times
and their fruits in the negro’s life.

2. The desire to make comparisons--to compare the colored man of 1865
with the colored man of 1895. Such a comparison will help the black man
himself to see whether or not he is a _growing_ man or a _waning_ man.
It will also serve to show the same thing to the friend and to the foe.
“Appeals to Pharaoh and to Cæsar” are not so wise as appeals to facts,
which prove the negro to be man just as other races are man.

The book is not all history, nor is it all biography; it is something
of both and it is more. It gives certain information which can
neither rank as history nor as biography: it is the record of special
operations in the denomination in different sections of the State with
a view to showing the mental _status_ now prevailing. I have been
engaged with the book for the past seven years, during which time I
have searched and gleaned as best I could; I have not tried to obtain
everything, nor have I had space to talk of every person who deserved
honorable mention. To do this would require too large a book. I could
not do more than get enough together to “round out” my testimony. Where
I have spoken of anything that touches our white brethren or the white
people, it has been in tenderest love for them, though my language has
been plain and seemingly bold. I think I can risk the statement that I
have no “race prejudice:” all men are in a sense my brethren and I am
brother to all men--akin to Christ, akin to me.

If a brother among us deserving mention should not appear, remember
that many failed to report to me as I desired them to do, and that I
felt I could not do more than give what would make a full showing of
our State. Those names that came after the work was done had to be put
into a supplement.

It will be seen, therefore, that the purpose which gives birth to
this little book is not a desire to present a “vain show” of names,
appealing to pride for the sake of gain; but, that it is an humble aim
to accomplish some good. It is an attempt to answer the questions:
“From whence have we come? What have we done? What have we attained
to? What are the possibilities before us?” The book is intended to
be a simple statement of facts; which facts, it is believed, will be
a sufficient apology for their appearance in book form. The reader
may expect faults in arrangement and errors in composition, but it is
to be hoped that the sweetness and beauty of the flower will not be
rejected because of the thorns upon the stem which bears them. I have
not tried to tell everything. If I speak of individuals, it is with
a view to giving some of their best things, best deeds, etc. “Straws
show which way the wind is blowing,” it is said; hence only enough
of each biographical sketch is given to show the status and trend of
the person spoken of. We are too young, as a people, to make lengthy
biography. Coming times will give us this form of literature. It will
be remembered that this short period suffices to give only a nucleal
point in the matter of writings. I have churned the milk with an eye
to obtaining the butter--the richest and best we have. My selection
of material may not be the very best, but something is better than
nothing, and I have done the best I could under the circumstances.

With these prefatory remarks, I present you the rose with its thorns,
trusting that God will give sweetness and beauty to the former and
allow the latter to do no harm. I cheerfully record my debt of
gratitude to my faithful wife, Mattie Alice, who has been in this
labor, as in all others, my abiding, sure support.

[Illustration]




 HISTORY
 OF THE
 COLORED BAPTISTS OF ALABAMA.




_I. INTRODUCTION._


ORIGIN.

In turning to the subject under consideration it seems fitting that
we should first review those facts and events which gave us our
denominational existence. Such a course, it seems to the writer, will
serve to give us a proper “setting.” It is not definitely known just
when, where and by whom, Baptist principles were first propagated upon
the American continent; it is, however, an historic fact that these
principles assumed organic form in Providence, R. I., in 1639, in the
constitution of a Baptist church under Roger Williams as pastor. Other
churches soon followed, out of the union of which there early rose
Associations, Conventions and Missionary Societies.

In 1620, nineteen years before the organization of the church in
Providence, the African was brought into Virginia as a slave. The
North and the South joined heartily in the work of binding their black
brother with the chains of cruel bondage. Thus the naked savage was
taken from his freedom and from his gods and chained to the chariot
wheels of Christian (?) civilization to be coerced, dragged into new
observations, new experiences, and a new life.


CHANGES.

In order to give a glancing look at the progress and decline of slavery
in the North, and at the sort of fruit the gospel was bearing in the
soul and conduct of the slave, I copy the following from the “Baptist
Home Missions in America” (Jubilee volume):

“By 1776 there were about 300,000 slaves in America. In 1793 there were
comparatively few slaves to be found in the Northern States. * * * In
1790 there were 697,897 slaves in the United States; of this number
there were 17 in Vermont, 158 in New Hampshire, 2,759 in Connecticut,
3,707 in Pennsylvania, 11,423 in New Jersey, and 20,000 in New York.
* * * Before 1830 slavery disappeared from all the Northern States. In
Vermont it was abolished in 1777; in Massachusetts in 1780; while acts
for the gradual emancipation of slaves were passed in other States--in
New York, 1799; in New Jersey, 1804. The final act of abolition in New
York being passed in 1817, declaring all slaves free on July 4, 1827.

“The native African, fresh from his fetich worship, and incapable of
comprehending even common religious statements, seemed an unpromising
subject even for the Christian philanthropist. But, though degraded,
he is recognized as human, sinful, accountable, in need and capable of
redemption through Christ. The obligation to bring him to a knowledge
of the truth as it is in Christ, is practically recognized by many
Christian ministers as well as by many pious masters and mistresses.
At family devotions in many Christian households the domestics are
called in to hear the Scriptures read and bow reverently as prayer is
offered to God. On Sunday in the same meeting house master and slave
listen to the same sermon. Those who give evidence of conversion are
received into the church on relation of their experience after baptism,
and sit with their masters at the Lord’s table.

“The First Colored Baptist Church of Savannah, Ga., dates its
organization from 1788. Other colored Baptist churches appear in
various parts of the country; in Portsmouth, Va., in 1798; the Second
African of Savannah, in 1803; the Abysinian Church of New York City, in
1803; the African or Independent Church, Boston, Mass., in 1805; First
African of Philadelphia, Pa., in 1809; the First African of St. Louis,
in 1827; the Ebenezer of New York City, in 1825; the Union Church of
Philadelphia, and a church in the District of Columbia, in 1832.” One
in Mobile in 1839, of which in 1848, it is said: “They have a fine
house of worship built by themselves, and some excellent leaders or
licensed preachers among them.”

[Illustration: Hon. A. H. Curtis, Ex-Senator to Alabama Legislature
from Perry County.]

We have it on good authority, that in 1850, there were in America about
150,000 negro Baptists. Thus we see that in 230 years the gospel of
Christ, though hampered by the institution of slavery, had done much to
redeem the fetich worshiper from his midnight darkness and consequent
spiritual ruin--had done much to induce the black man to obtain and
retain God in his knowledge.

Often we come upon plants which refuse to give out their sweetness
so long as their parts are unbroken and unbleeding, but which will
quickly yield up their odors when bruised. So it is with men. It is
worthy of notice that these dark days of slavery gave birth to some
strong colored preachers. Among others, the following are mentioned
by their white brethren: Rev. George Leile, of South Carolina, who
visiting Savannah, Ga., about 1782 or 1783, baptized the famous Rev.
Andrew Bryan, of whom the Savannah Association, (white) in 1812, made
the following mention: “The association is sensibly affected by the
death of the Rev. Andrew Bryan, a man of color, and pastor of the
First Colored Church in Savannah. This son of Africa, after suffering
inexpressible persecutions in the cause of his Divine Master, was
at length permitted to discharge the duties of the ministry among
his colored friends in peace and quiet, hundreds of whom through his
instrumentality were brought to the knowledge of the truth as it is in
Jesus.”

In 1820, the Board of the Baptist General Convention of America adopted
as their missionaries Revs. Collin Teague and Lot Cary, brethren of
color, from the Baptist church of Richmond, Va. These men sailed from
Norfolk, Va., to Liberia, Africa, in January, 1821. Rev. Thomas Paul,
who was pastor of the church in Boston from 1805 to 1830, is spoken of
after a very praiseworthy manner. Touching our own State, we begin at
Mobile.


MOBILE.

The rise of the work in the Southern section of Alabama appears in the
following, copied from Brother Holcombe’s work, and originally written
for the _Christian Index_, March 10, 1836:

“About 120 years ago a few Frenchmen came here and made the first
little opening in the pine forest. Previously to 1817 it was occupied
principally as a place of deposit and trade with the Indians. Now
its population is not far from 10,000. Eighteen years ago a single
steamboat found her way to this port, now forty-five are employed in
the Mobile trade. The Baptist church was constituted March, 1835, by
J. G. Collins, R. L. Barnes and P. Stout with ten members. Rev. G. F.
Heard was called to begin the pastorate February 14, 1836.

“At that time they had no house of worship, but met in the court house,
and for a time they met in the house belonging to the African Baptist
Church. The African Church is in a prosperous condition; their number
is about 90.”

In this city and county the colored people had more liberty and better
treatment than in any other section of the State. The free people and
those who hired their time often supported schools for the education of
their children. Revs. Wm. Dossey, P. Stout, A. Travis, J. H. Schroebel,
Mr. Hawthorne and Mr. Spence (all white) are mentioned as pioneers and
fathers of the work at this point. Near this old French town, June
13, 1845, the writer was born, and in this county and city he spent
the first fourteen years of his life, and many years since. For some
years prior to the late civil war, the Stone Street and St. Louis
Street churches (colored) were both noted for their numbers and their
financial strength.


STONE STREET CHURCH.

This is the “mother church.” The father of the Rev. J. B. Hawthorne,
in the early part of their history, served them as pastor, receiving
a regular salary of them. At the close of the war, Mr. Spence was
their pastor, since which time they have been under the leadership
of the Rev. B. J. Burke, a man who in many regards is as strong as
he is peculiar. This church, however, has not done much in the way
of missions, and not a great deal for education. One of the peculiar
customs of the pastor is to “bless children.” Standing in the pulpit,
he holds the child up in his arms while he prays God’s blessings upon
it.

A case of discipline which came up in this church many years ago, led
to the formation of the St. Louis Street Church, and I am sorry to say
gave birth to a very bitter sectional feeling between the two bodies,
which feeling has long been a blight to the Baptist cause in South
Alabama.

This church is stubbornly set against all secret societies, so that
no secret society people are allowed in its membership. The pastor is
elected for life. For the support of its poor it has a fund which is
called the “Church Treasury.”


ST. LOUIS STREET CHURCH.

This church was for many years especially noted for its missionary
enterprise. To this church Alabama owes many of her pioneer preachers.
The late Rev. Charles Leavens, who was pastor just after the close of
the war, sought to send a pioneer, an organizer, into every section
of the State. Their present house of worship cost, I am told, about
$24,000, and is a two-story brick structure. Since the war their
pastors have been: Revs. Charles Leavens, I. Grant, A. Butler, C. C.
Richardson, and the present occupant, Rev. Mr. Frazier. This church
seems now in full sympathy with its past missionary record, over which
no one rejoices more than the writer, since it is from this church that
he, under God, received his commission to preach the gospel of the Son
of Righteousness.


ST. ANTHONY STREET CHURCH--NOW FRANKLYN STREET.

This church deserves honorable mention. Rev. A. F. Owens led to the
purchase of the property on St. Anthony street, and served as pastor
for several years--1878 to 1889. Rev. A. N. McEwen, the present pastor,
advised the church to sell and purchase at a more desirable point. They
are now buying a building on Franklyn street. This church has had an
earnest class of workers, who have made great and painful sacrifices
for the cause.


UNION CHURCH.

This church is another secession from Stone Street. It, too, has some
strong people in it. Rev. A. F. Owens is pastor.

       *       *       *       *       *

There are other churches around worthy of mention. So much is said only
to show the rise and progress of the Baptist cause in this section
of Alabama. The great need here is more brotherly love, instead of
the bitter prejudice which withers every hope of united effort. Of
course, many of the good people are already free from its fearful
influence, but far too many are still slaves to it.

Among the founders, or ante-bellum members of the colored Baptist work
in Mobile, we find the names of Rev. Charles Leavens and wife, James
Somerville, Judge Europe, Thomas Sawyer, Rev. B. J. Burke, and Crawley
Johnson.


HUNTSVILLE, MADISON COUNTY.

Here is where our Statehood was born, the Constitution being formed
here in 1819. Huntsville is our State’s first capital. Taking Mr.
Hosea Holcombe as authority, the first Baptist church organized in
Alabama was constituted within a few miles of Huntsville, in 1808.
Their constitutional membership was eleven, and Rev. John Nicholson
was their first pastor. The first negro Baptist church constituted in
this section of the State was the African Baptist Church of Huntsville,
organized about the year 1820. I say 1820, for the reason that in 1821
they are recorded as entering into the Flint River Association, with
seventy-six members. Rev. William Harris, “a free colored man,” is
mentioned as their first pastor. It seems that Brother Harris soon fell
under the influence of a white preacher, William Crutcher, and became
established in the faith of the Primitive Baptists. Over seventy
years have passed away, and still Rev. Bartlett Harris, a grandson of
Rev. William Harris, is preaching the “election of grace.” Instead
of seventy-six Missionary members, there are now about two thousand
Primitives. The Rev. W. H. Gaston is the leading educator among them.
He is a man of quiet and humble spirit, and is now trying to establish
a school at Huntsville. How we Missionaries need a school in Madison
county! Our little Missionary church seems bound hand and foot. At
this writing, Rev. Oscar Gray is pastor, and he seems to do as well as
circumstances allow.

Perhaps I cannot close this notice of Madison county more profitably
than by directing the attention of the reader to the vast consequences,
in the form of false views and false practices, which came of one man’s
decisions. Rev. William Harris decided to follow Mr. Crutcher, and now
thousands of people walk in his track as anti-Missionaries.


PERRY AND HALE COUNTIES.

At Salem Church, near Greensboro, the Alabama State Convention (white)
was organized October, 1823, not quite forty-five years before the
organization of the Colored Baptist Convention in 1868, and its first
anniversary was held at Marion, in Perry county.

Reference is made to these facts in order to introduce other facts
bearing a closer relation to ourselves. Within a circle of twenty-five
miles of Marion--and Greensboro, is near this point--some of the
mightiest influences in support of Baptist views have risen up and
gone forth upon the colored Baptists of Alabama. The colored people of
Marion, and throughout the country around, are hardly less noted for
their refinement than they are for their Baptistic opinions. In this
section arose those colored men of power and of pioneer fame--Revs.
James Childs, the first pastor of the Marion Church (colored); Henry
Stevens, first pastor of the Greensboro Church, and John Dosier,
so long pastor of the church in Uniontown. This point, till right
recently, has been the educational center of our white brethren, and
here in Marion, the first colored State Normal school began, as the
result of the influence of the late Hon. A. H. Curtis, of Baptist fame.

[Illustration: Mrs. A. A. Bowie, Instructress in Dressmaking, Selma
University.]


MONTGOMERY CITY AND COUNTY.

Baptist principles manifested themselves in this part of Alabama
about 1818-19 in the constitution of the Elim Church, near the city
of Montgomery, and Messrs. J. McLemore, S. Ray, and W. J. Larkin, are
mentioned as pioneers.


A STRAW WHICH SHOWS WHICH WAY THE WIND BLOWS.

In Dr. Riley’s “History of Alabama Baptists,” we have the following:
“A negro slave, named Cæsar, a bright, smart, robust fellow * * * was
ordained to preach. His ability was so marked, and the confidence which
he enjoyed was so profound, that Rev. James McLemore would frequently
have Cæsar attend him upon his preaching tours. He was sometimes taken
by Mr. McLemore into the pulpit, and never failed of commanding the
most rapt and respectful attention.”

To the credit of the Alabama Association, it is written that they
bought this man and gave him his liberty that he might preach among
them the gospel of Christ; and it is said, that though he was as black
as a crow, he traveled alone and unharmed on the mission of life. Thus
the negro appears in the foundation of gospel operations in Central
Alabama. Here also appear the victories of the gospel leaven, the
triumphs of the love of God over those hearts wherein Christ was king.

The price paid for Brother Cæsar Blackwell is given as $625. Catching
inspiration from the encouragement before them in the form of their
brother Cæsar Blackwell’s success, and the good will of the Christian
white people to whose fellowship they belonged, Nathan Ashby and Jacob
Belser (colored) soon became active workers.


TUSCALOOSA AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

Perhaps the first church (white) organized in Jefferson county was
organized about the year 1818. Dr. Holcombe’s history tells us that
in 1823 the “Rock Creek Church,” in Tuscaloosa county, received into
its membership from South Carolina an African preacher, Job Davis. Mr.
Holcombe says of him: “He was an acceptable preacher, a man of deep
thought, sound judgment, and was well skilled in the Scriptures of
Divine Truth.”

The venerable Mr. A. J. Waldrop, of Birmingham, informed the writer
that when a little boy he heard Job preach in a camp meeting. He said:
“The meeting had been in progress a week or so, and mother and father
went to the camp on Sunday morning. The meeting was very cold. Brother
Holcombe was wondering who would be the fit preacher to open the day’s
services, as Job, now free from his daily toil, walked into camp. As
Brother Holcombe saw him, he remarked: ‘There is our man.’ Job was led
up to the stand and invited to go up and take a seat. Job replied: ‘No,
I’ll stand down here in front of it.’ Job then reached back to the top
of the stand and took off the Bible and opened it. I can never forget
the deep thrill of devotion which Job’s person and manner turned in
upon the audience that day; something of the feeling is with me yet. He
had hardly parted his lips before men and women began to sob. When he
was through with his sermon, it was plain to all that the meeting was
no longer a dead meeting. This was the beginning of a revival which
affected much of Tuscaloosa county.”

Mr. Holcombe says of Job, in another place in his book: “Job was
brought from Africa to Charleston, S. C., in 1806; professed religion
in 1812; soon learned to read and write; taught Sunday school for two
summers in Abbeville district, S. C.; licensed to preach in 1818; came
to Alabama in 1822; died November 17, 1835, in Pickens county. He lived
the Christian, he died a saint.”

Further, Mr. Holcombe says: “In those days we had but few better
preachers than Job.”

Thus it appears that not only in wars for independence, but in gospel
labors as well, the negro is in the foundations of this country.

Rev. Prince Murrell, who had bought himself some time before the days
of the Emancipation, opened the work at Tuscaloosa on the dawn of
freedom. Rev. Messrs. M. Tyler and M. D. Alexander came into the van at
Lowndesboro.


LEE, MACON, BULLOCK AND BARBOUR COUNTIES.

At Tuskegee, in Macon, was the Rev. Doc. Phillips (a blacksmith), a man
who, it seems, refused to accept his freedom at the hands of his white
brethren in order that his preaching might be more acceptable to his
people in slavery.

At Auburn, in Lee, was the Rev. Thomas Glenn, a man respected and
trusted no less by his white neighbors than by his own people for his
genuine piety and honorable life.

In Barbour and Bullock, Revs. Jerry Shorter, M. Coleman, William McCoo
and Deacon J. E. Timothy possessed the spirit of leadership, and moved
forward in the work of organization upon the appearance of liberty.
Rev. E. Thornton soon appears.


GREENVILLE, BUTLER COUNTY.

In this town and county the Rev. Stewart Adams is the pioneer. In 1872
or 1873, he was appointed missionary under the American Baptist Home
Mission Society, and was thus enabled to extend his operations, which
resulted in the organization of one of the first associations (Union).


SELMA.

Somewhere between 1840-45, a colored church was organized in Selma,
the first colored leader of which was a Mr. Samuel Phillips, a man who
obtained his liberty (so the late Mr. A. Goldsby reported) by some
service he rendered the country in the Mexican war. A. Goldsby and
Charles White (late treasurer of our Convention) were principal persons
in the organization.

       *       *       *       *       *

So much has been said to show the ante-liberty growths. It seems
fitting to close this chapter with the appearance of freedom as the
writer saw it.

From the days of my earliest recollection, freedom’s shadowy forms
moved before the eyes of the Southern slave. He felt or thought that
he felt--he saw or thought he saw--the touch and visage of approaching
liberty. In subdued tones it was whispered upon ears that could be
trusted, that slavery, with all its accompanying horrors, was soon
to be a thing of the past. Praying bands were organized and met in
distant groves to pray for liberty. Gathered beneath the sighing trees
and nightly skies, they whispered their agonies upon the ears of the
Almighty--whispered _lowly_, lest the passing winds should bear their
petitions to the ears of the overseer or master. And often--as with
Daniel and his companions in Babylon--the God who reveals secrets to
them that love him, uncovered before our minds coming events, which
caused us to laugh and cry. But we kept these things in our hearts, and
it was a wonder to all around that the slave could sing in his furnace
of hot afflictions. God, in unfolding hope, was with us in the fire,
and so we were sustained.


DREAM TELLING.

They fall to dreaming: Contending armies are seen in battle, and the
one favorable to the liberty of the slave is seen to prevail. Old trees
appear to wither and disappear before trees of new sort.

The war cloud bursts and the slave mingles his prayers with the roar of
the booming cannon, tarrying on his knees while the American soldiery
contend in mortal strife. It was understood to mean liberty. At last
the deadly struggle ceased, and emancipation was declared. It was only
the dawning, and therefore the light was dim.


THE BITTER BUD.

One of the saddest mistakes of the slave was, that he thought _so
much_ of the _pleasures_ of freedom and _so little of its weighty
obligations_. To him, freedom meant mansions, lands, teams, money,
position, educated sons and refined daughters, with the liberty to
go and to act as he pleased. If he might have burdened his mind with
thoughts of his sore destitution of heart, of intellect, of purse; if
he might have thought of his poverty as to skill in the arts, sciences
and professions of life, as to social status, as to domestic relations,
as to opportunities to succeed in a wrestle for life by the side of
the victorious white man--if he might have seen that to make himself a
_strong manhood_ was his first and his most important duty--if his mind
might have been full of these thoughts, it had been a thousand fold
better for him. But, as his mind was on pleasures, he was disappointed
when they proved only phantoms, and hence the bud of liberty was bitter.

Indeed, to those who had the ability to discern, the first view of
liberty was frightful in proportion as it was seriously considered.
Naturally, as the shackles suddenly fell off, there was such a forcible
rebounding of life, as in many cases made liberty mean license to live
idle and lewd.

I can never forget my first impressions at the full view of freedom. O,
what helplessness appeared in our condition!

Every day, for weeks, shoeless and hatless men and women, with half
naked, hungry children, passed through the little town where I lived,
not knowing whither they went, what were their names, nor what they
sought. A certain man, when I first met him, was introduced to me as
Mr. M----. A little after this, I was surprised to find that he was
not Mr. M----, but was Mr. R----. And my ability to be surprised was
considerably lessened when I finally learned that Mr. R---- was now Mr.
H----.

Long and anxiously I waited for the appearance of some _great_ colored
men to assume leadership in matters of religion and education, but I
waited in vain. My heart ached as though it would break, and was at
last only partially relieved of its weight when my brother (Rev. J.
Gomez) and I had built an humble house in which to worship God and
teach the children. Into this we, boys though we were, called the
people to meet to hear the reading of the Scriptures and to pray.


ORGANIZATION IN ALABAMA.

In 1864 there were four Colored Missionary Baptist Churches in Alabama,
owning property worth about $10,000. Two of these were located in
Mobile city--the Stone and the St. Louis Street Churches. Another was
located in Selma, and is now known as the First Colored Baptist Church.

[Illustration: Rev. L. S. Steinback in the Act of Baptism.]

Of course there was no association, no convention, no graded school
of learning. The colored people of Mobile enjoyed superior advantages
over those of other sections of the State and hence many of them had
made fair attainments in letters. But in all the State there was but
one Baptist preacher, to the writer’s knowledge, in April, 1865, who
could, with any degree of honesty, claim to be an educated Baptist
negro preacher. This was one Rev. Moses B. Avery. I think he is now
in Mississippi. Anyhow I know that soon after the close of the war he
joined the Methodist brethren and left the State. It will be seen,
therefore, that he was no help to the Colored Baptists of Alabama.

The change which the war had wrought as to the civil status of the
black man, changing him from slave to freedman, affected his church
standing, so that ex-master and ex-slave did not quite fit each other
in the old “meeting house,” as they had done in days of yore. There
was restlessness on one side, and suspicion on the other. The black
man wanted to go out and set up housekeeping for himself, while the
white man in most cases feared and hesitated to lay on the hands of
ordination. We did not know each other. The “negro preacher” on one
side of the river had but little opportunity to know his brother on the
other side. Truly our beginning was dark and chaotic.

It is said that necessity is the mother of invention. In all ages
of the world, and with all peoples, want--a sense of need--has gone
before human creations. The black man of the South was like, in this,
the balance of human kind. When set at liberty, he was for some time
lost in looking upon the wonderful changes that had passed over him.
But when he came to himself he began slowly to realize his needs.
He began, for example, to feel the need of church and of school,
and out of this feeling of want on these lines there arose thought,
discussion, plan, action. Those who were of like faith and gospel
practice began to meet for prayer and for conference, and at last to
unite in church covenant, forming churches. Then churches, under the
leadership of progressive men, were joined in associational compacts.
They met first only to sing and pray, and listen to talks from white
brethren. Want increased; burdens increased; the horizon of duty and
possibility widened. Under a sense of duty and repeated exercise, mind
and heart developed into greater strength and into greater capacity
for thought, plan, speech, and execution. Kindred spirits sought each
other’s fellowship and counsel, and talked about the work which might
be done. Soon it was felt by some that a general State Convention
was both necessary and possible. The desire, plan and call for such
an organization ripened among the brethren at and around the Capital
City. Perhaps Montgomery was foremost, for the reason that here was
the legislature, and here the colored people saw most of deliberative
bodies, and heard most about their needs and opportunities.

[Illustration: Mrs. Dinah Smith Jordan, Birmingham, Ala.]




_II. THE STATE CONVENTIONS_


FIRST SESSION.

THE Colored Baptist Convention of Alabama was constituted December 17,
1868, in the Columbus Street Baptist Church, in the city of Montgomery.

The officers elected were: Rev. Nathan Ashby, president; Rev. J. W.
Stevens, of Montgomery, vice-president, and Bro. H. Thompson, secretary.

The following appear in the roll of this session: Revs. N. Ashby,
J. W. Stevens, Jacob Belser, J. Epperson, and Bro. H. Thompson, of
Montgomery county; Revs. E. Wright and S. Adams, of Greenville; Rev.
W. Farris, of Monroeville; Rev. S. Weaver, of Dallas county; Revs. P.
Gill and Samuel Morse, of Notasulga; James Finly, of Fayette; Revs.
I. Glenn and A. Blackburn, of Auburn; Rev. M. D. Alexander and M.
Tyler, of Lowndesboro; Rev. B. Nelson, of Lee county; Rev. Mr. Wood, of
Macon county; Rev. H. Coleman, of Union Springs; Rev. W. H. McAlpin,
of Talladega; Revs. John Dosier and Henry Stevens, of Uniontown; P.
Underwood, Thomas Smith, Ned Atkinson, and Rev. D. M. Phillips, of
Tuskegee.

About twenty-seven churches were represented. About $150 was collected,
and Rev. Washington Stevens was made Missionary.


SECOND SESSION.

This session was held in Montgomery in 1869, and the officers of the
previous year being re-elected to their several positions. Revs. Wm.
McCoo, of Bullock county; P. Murrell, of Tuskaloosa; John P. Lucas,
pastor of Mt. Meigs; Henry Clark, of Opelika; B. Burke, of Mobile;
Frank Quarles, of Georgia, and H. E. Talliaferro (white), agent for
the American Baptist Home Missionary Society; Lewis Brown, of Sumter
county; A. Cunningham, of Conecuh county, and James Caldwell, of
Marengo county, appear in the roll of this session. Fifty or sixty
churches were represented; several hundred dollars were raised; the
missionary was short in his collections; Home Mission Society was
endorsed.


THIRD SESSION.

This session was also held in Montgomery on October 5, 1870. As Rev. N.
Ashby was sick, Rev. W. Stevens, the Missionary, was elected president,
and Rev. M. Tyler vice-president. Rev. Charles Leavens, of Mobile, and
Senator A. H. Curtis were enrolled. The ordained ministers present
were: N. Ashby, James A. Foster, W. Stevens, F. Brooks, T. Glenn,
Chas. Leavens, S. Adams, H. Stokes, C. Blunt, Wm. McCoo, J. Caldwell,
S. Weaver, J. Cole, J. W. McLeod, M. Tyler, B. Burke, P. Murrell, J.
Dosier, D. M. Phillips, J. Wood, Ned Watkins, B. Bibb, H. Stevens, R.
Mason.


FOURTH SESSION.

Held in Selma November 1-4, 1871. Brother W. H. McAlpine was prominent.
The officers elected were: Rev. P. Murrell, president; Rev. Stewart
Adams, vice-president; Rev. W. Stevens, recording secretary; and H.
Thompson, clerk.

Revs. D. Alexander, B. Bibb, J. Caldwell and J. Belser have passed
away.

About $300 sent in by the churches: twenty-eight churches report Sunday
Schools; three Associations appear by their messengers.


FIFTH SESSION.

Held in Selma, November, 1872. Officers of previous year re-elected. A
committee is appointed to confer with the white Convention in session
in Eufaula. Two more Associations are enrolled. $300 or $400 collected.


SIXTH SESSION.

Held in Tuscaloosa, November, 1873. The officers elected were: Rev.
J. A. Foster, Montgomery, president; Rev. M. Tyler, Lowndesboro,
vice-president; Rev. P. Murrell, treasurer; and Bro. H. J. Europe,
of Mobile, clerk. Three other Associations reported. Rev. A. Butler,
Mobile, joined at this session. Rev. W. H. McAlpine introduced the
following, which was adopted:

“_Resolved_, That we plant in the State of Alabama a theological school
to educate our young men.”

This threw life and aim into the Convention and the signs of activity
immediately appeared. Four other Associations entered. Lively
discussions ensued. The white Baptist Convention assembled in the
same city at the same time advised against the educational scheme.
The question whether God needed help in preparing his ministry--the
question which fifty years before had agitated the white Convention of
Alabama--was now stirring the souls of black men. Sunday Schools were
allowed representation in the body.


SEVENTH SESSION.

Held in Mobile, in the St. Louis Street Church, November, 1874.
Officers of previous year were re-elected. Brother McAlpine’s school
resolution was endorsed and ordered on the minutes. On motion of
Brother McAlpine the following persons were appointed a committee to
manage the school project: Revs. A. Butler, W. H. McAlpine, H. J.
Europe, H. Thompson and the writer. Brother McAlpine was authorized
and requested to spend six months as missionary and agent of the
Convention. Much praying.


EIGHTH SESSION.

Held in Mobile, November, 1875. The officers elected were as follows:
Rev. J. A. Foster, president; Rev. M. Tyler, vice-president; Rev. J.
W. Stevens, corresponding secretary; Rev. Thomas Smith, treasurer,
and Rev. C. O. Boothe, clerk. Ten Associations were enrolled this
year. Brother McAlpine reported $90 in favor of the Convention as the
result of six months’ work. The body was never so much aroused as
during this session. Some trouble arose over contentions among the
churches in Mobile. Rev. W. H. McAlpine was appointed missionary and
agent of the Convention for the ensuing conventional year. Rev. C. O.
Boothe was appointed, with Brother McAlpine, to aid in searching for a
suitable location for the proposed school, and was authorized to call
the attention of our Northern brethren to our needs and operations
regarding educational facilities in Alabama. Never did any set of men
appear to be more earnest and enthusiastic. Every eye was on McAlpine
as the leader.


NINTH SESSION.

Held with the Mount Canaan Church, Talladega, November 15-20, 1876.
Officers: Rev. M. Tyler, president; Rev. B. J. Burke, vice-president;
Rev. I. Smith, treasurer; Rev. G. C. Casby, Montgomery, corresponding
secretary, and Rev. C. O. Boothe, at this time pastor in Talladega,
was continued as clerk.

This session of the body may be denominated “The Eventful Session.”
Here the sainted Woodsmall was met for the first time, and bore the
Convention the following:

  “Indianapolis, Ind., November 11, 1876.

 “_Dear Brethren of the Convention_: On behalf of the Indiana Baptist
 State Convention, I greet you with this epistle, bearing their
 congratulations and sympathy. We are engaged in a common cause with
 you--the cause of our blessed Lord and Master. * * * So we strike glad
 hands with you for a renewal and continuance of the gospel warfare
 till Jesus comes.”

This bore the signature of Dr. Wyeth, editor of the _Journal and
Messenger_, and the Secretary of the Indiana Convention. This was
_good_ tidings, and the information that Brother Woodsmall had come
to hold Ministers’ Institutes among us was still _better_ tidings.
Thenceforward we were to drink from a very high type of manhood.

Revs. W. J. White, F. Quarles, and Bryan, of Georgia, came with
propositions from the Georgia Convention that Alabama should give up
her school project and join Georgia in building a school at Atlanta.

A letter received from Dr. S. S. Cutting, corresponding secretary of
the Home Mission Society, to the clerk, informed the Convention that
his board had no help for our school enterprise in Alabama, and favored
our union with Georgia.

A communication from the white Baptist Convention containing the
following, was read before the body:

“_Resolved_, That we deem this a suitable occasion to express to our
colored brethren an abiding interest in their welfare, both temporal
and spiritual.

  “John Haralson, President.”

Brother McAlpine turned over $1,000, which he had raised for the
proposed school, and again took the field.

The clerk, as committee on location of the proposed school, reported
that if the school should be located at Marion, Ala., our students
could obtain scientific and literary training in the State school at
that point, in which case, the Convention would only be obliged to
furnish theological instruction. The Convention did not decide as to
the course it would be best to pursue. Brothers Pettiford and Barton
joined the work in this session, and the former took a prominent
position at once.


TENTH SESSION.

Held in Eufaula, November, 1877. The officers of the last convention
were re-elected. The school project was turned into the hands of the
Board of Trustees elected at the session of 1875. The report of the
Board of Trustees recommended that the school be located at Montgomery.
When a motion by Hon. A. H. Curtis to substitute Marion had been lost,
Rev. E. K. Love, of Georgia, moved to substitute Selma, which was
carried by a majority of three. The Board was authorized and instructed
to begin operations. Revs. W. H. McAlpine and W. J. Stevens were put
out as missionaries. Before leaving Eufaula, the Board appointed a
committee to act on their behalf with regard to the management of the
school. At a meeting of the Board held in Selma, December 20, the
committee reported: “Your committee has been unable to find a suitable
house for rent in which to commence school for less than $27 per month.
There are one or more buildings here that may be purchased at quite a
reasonable figure. W. H. McAlpine, J. Blevins, H. Stevens, committee.”

At this meeting there were present the following trustees, besides
those above mentioned: M. Tyler, C. Blunt, J. W. Stevens, J. Dosier
and A. H. Curtis. Revs. W. H. McAlpine and J. Blevins, with Bro. A.
H. Curtis, were empowered to act as Executive Committee of the Board.
After some discussion as to whether to rent or purchase, it was voted
to rent, and not to pay over $15 per month. The Committee was so
instructed, and was further instructed not to assume over $50 per month
for teaching force. The Committee elected Mr. H. Woodsmall, of Indiana,
and he at once opened the school in the St. Phillip Street Baptist
Church.

On May 30, 1878, the Board held another meeting in Selma. Present:
Revs. M. Tyler, J. Blevins, G. C. Casby, Thomas Smith, J. Dosier,
H. Stevens, W. H. McAlpine and C. O. Boothe. At this meeting the
Committee were authorized to purchase the “Old Fair Grounds” for
$3,000. The _Baptist Pioneer_ was started, with W. H. McAlpine, editor;
J. Dosier and C. O. Boothe as assistants. The Committee, to the great
satisfaction of the Board, reported that the St. Phillips Street Church
had donated to the school the use of their audience room, the oil for
lights, and fuel, and also that the services of Bro. W. R. Pettiford
had been secured at a cost of $20 per month, allowing him time to take
lessons in theology.

The following financial report was submitted:

RECEIPTS.

 Uniontown Association                   $150 00
 Alabama District Association              40 00
 Rev. A. Cunningham, Conecuh county        30 00
 Deacon A. Scott, Montevallo               15 65
 Rev. Thomas Smith, Treasurer Convention  100 00
 Mr. H. Woodsmall, for tuition             82 10
 Rev. W. H. McAlpine                       20 00

Donations from the North were also reported.


ELEVENTH SESSION.

Held in Marion, November, 1878. The officers of the previous year were
re-elected, with the exception of Rev. C. O. Boothe, who had been
appointed Sunday school missionary for the State, under the American
Baptist Publishing Society. Bro. N. R. Nickerson was elected clerk.

The Trustees reported that the Old Fair Grounds had been secured, and
that the school was in operation. One thousand dollars had been paid
on the grounds; $545 had come from the North. Three teachers were
supported without charge to the State--Misses Emma Jordan and Emma
Heustis, and Mr. M. W. Alston.

Thus the school began. About $2,000 reported.


TWELFTH SESSION.

Held in Opelika, November 12-15, 1879. In this session Rev. A. F. Owens
joined, and Revs. A. Butler and B. Burke forsook the Convention. Rev.
D. M. Phillips, of Tuskegee, had left the cross for the crown.

The second $1,000 had been paid on our campus, and $700 worth of
improvements had been added to the buildings. A missionary society
organized by President Woodsmall and operating in the St. Philip Street
Church, is reported as giving partial support to Profs. Alston and
Pettiford, and to students D. T. Gulley and J. C. Curry.


THIRTEENTH SESSION.

Held in Marion, November 17-20, 1880. The officers elected were: M.
Tyler, president; J. A. Foster, vice-president; N. R. Nickerson, clerk;
G. C. Casby, corresponding secretary, and C. White, treasurer.
Except a small balance due Brother Woodsmall the school was now free
from debt, besides owning thirty-six acres of land and temporary
buildings.

[Illustration: Shiloh Baptist Church, Birmingham, Ala., Rev. T. W.
Walker, Pastor.]

Rev. S. Adams had gone to the other world.

Aided by the Selma Missionary Society, Bros. M. W. Alston, L.
Ellington, D. T. Gulley, D. L. Prentice, C. Travis, C. R. Rodgers, L.
J. Green and J. C. Curry had done effective missionary work.

Brother Woodsmall reported that the _Baptist Pioneer_ is free of debt
and has $321.03 in cash. He had received $2,399--$899 had come from
Alabama in tuition and donations, and $1,500 from the North.

The American Baptist Home Mission Society at this time adopted the
school and engaged to give it $2,000 during its session of 1880-81.
About $400 were spent on improvements of school grounds. Rev. Wm. A.
Burch, late of Philadelphia, now pastor of the First Baptist Church
in Selma, and Rev. W. W. Cully, a returned African Missionary, were
members of this Convention. Brother McAlpine had raised from all
sources $1,976.85. Before the next session Brother McAlpine, at Brother
Woodsmall’s request, became president of the school.


FOURTEENTH SESSION.

Held in Mobile, November, 1881. The officers of the previous year were
re-elected. Revs. A. Cunningham, Belleville, J. Blevins, Selma, and J.
Cole, Montgomery, are no longer on earth.

The Home Mission Society gave $3,000 to the present school session. Dr.
M. Stone, of Ohio, taught in the school without cost to the board of
trustees.

Before the next session Rev. H. N. Bouey, from South Carolina, became
State Sunday School Missionary.


FIFTEENTH SESSION.

Held in Tuscaloosa, November, 1882. Former officers re-elected, except
that Rev. J. Dosier was made vice-president.

This year, the same as last, Brother McAlpine was retained president of
the school.

Total receipts from Alabama, including tuition fees, were $2,588.
Donation from Home Mission Society $3,350. The last session made
Brother Pettiford financial agent, and the present session was greatly
encouraged in view of his excellent success.


SIXTEENTH SESSION.

Held in Selma, November, 1883, in the First Colored Baptist Church,
of which the writer was pastor. Rev. E. M. Brawley, late of South
Carolina, was made president of our school, Rev. W. H. McAlpine having
resigned in his favor.

Alabama paid $2,511 towards our educational work. Bro. Woodsmall was
not present. Rev. A. N. McEwen, late of Tennessee, now pastor of Dexter
Avenue Church, Montgomery, was present this session. Rev. H. N. Bouey
was made financial agent.


SEVENTEENTH SESSION.

Held in Mobile, November, 1884. Officers of 1882 and 1883 were
re-elected; $3,224 reported as coming from the State.

Before the next session “The Minister’s Union” was organized in
Talladega, with Rev. C. O. Boothe as secretary, and W. H. McAlpine,
president.


EIGHTEENTH SESSION.

Held in the Sixteenth Street Church, Birmingham, November, 1885.
Officers of previous session re-elected. On the 10th of November, one
day prior to the sitting of the Convention, the Ministers’ Union
met and appointed a committee on the character of the author of this
pamphlet, and which reported the following:

“We, your committee appointed on Bro. C. O. Boothe, beg leave to
submit the following: On account of the complications of his marriage
relations, his oppositions to the State work, and on account of his
want of loyalty to truth, we recommend that we withdraw from him the
hand of fellowship as a minister. C. S. Dinkins, J. Q. A. Wilhite, J.
Dosier, committee.”

The brother, who was excluded (?) by the adoption of this report, asked
and was allowed to put in the minutes of the Convention the following:
“To all who may read the resolution passed by the Alabama Baptist
Ministers’ Union bearing upon me, I affirm my innocence of each and all
the charges therein presented, and appeal to the King of Kings, whose
just judgment I patiently await.

  “C. O. Boothe.”

Dark times follow upon the work and upon many individuals. The total
receipts for this year, as reported by Bro. Bouey, were $2,200. Rev. J.
P. Barton was made State missionary, and Rev. J. Q. A. Wilhite was made
financial agent of the school.

The school was getting into debt, and serious losses threatened. The
founders of the work were not sufficiently willing to confer with each
other.


NINETEENTH SESSION.

Held in Opelika, November, 1886. The same officers were re-elected,
except Rev. J. A. Foster replaced Rev. John Dosier as vice-president.
Rev. C. L. Purce was made president of the school, Dr. Brawley having
resigned. The school was $6,000 or $7,000 in debt. A resolution looking
toward moving the University from Selma was adopted. Marion was
proposed instead of Selma, and the larger cash donation was to fix
the location. The contest was heated, and here and there rather ugly.
The _Baptist Leader_ favored Marion. Finances were rather short. Revs.
G. W. Berry, from South Carolina, and E. J. Fisher, of Georgia, were
present at this session.


TWENTIETH SESSION.

Held in Montgomery, in the Columbus Street Church, July, 1887. The
Ministers’ Union rescinded their vote passed in Birmingham in 1885,
bearing upon the character of Rev. C. O. Boothe. Rev. W. R. Pettiford,
of Birmingham, was elected president, and Rev. R. T. Pollard, clerk.
Rev. William J. Simmons, of Louisville, district secretary of the
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and Bro. Woodsmall, were
present. Mrs. M. A. Boothe, president of the State W. C. T. U.,
addressed the Convention. Mrs. C. Thompson, agent in Alabama for the
Women’s Home Missionary Society of Chicago, also spoke. Stormy time,
and no small amount of bitter feeling. The financial vote sustained
Selma, and the University remained at the home of her childhood.

Debts were threatening our property. Mr. Purce endeavored to prevent
any increase of debts.


TWENTY-FIRST SESSION.

Held in Tuscaloosa, July, 1888. Officers of previous year were
re-elected. About $4,000 was raised this year. Dr. W. J. Simmons,
district secretary of the Home Mission Society, was present with plans
for missionary co-operation with our State, which were endorsed. Some
of the school grounds had been sold to meet debts, six acres having
gone to meet the $7,000.

Rev. W. R. Forbes, of Virginia, pastor at Eufaula, was present. The
board recommended Rev. W. H. McAlpine as State Missionary under the
joint plan with the Home Mission Society.


TWENTY-SECOND SESSION.

Held in Selma, July, 1889. Officers of previous session were
re-elected. Rev. C. S. Dinkins, having severed his connection with the
faculty of the University, was successfully operating an academy at
Marion in connection with his pastorate. This project the Convention,
on motion of Rev. A. N. McEwen, endorsed. Rev. C. O. Boothe was
appointed General Missionary of Alabama on the joint plan with the Home
Mission Society. This year our women, under the leadership of Miss S.
A. Stone, gloriously rallied to the support of the University. About
$5,700 was raised in the State. Rev. Washington Stevens, Montgomery,
and Deacon D. Lane, Greensboro, had passed away. Time of session was
again changed to November. Brethren R. T. Pollard and D. T. Gulley made
Sunday Missionaries under the Publication Society on the joint plan.
During this year, in May, a jubilee meeting was held in Selma and over
$2,000 was raised. In this jubilee meeting we met Rev. H. Stevens the
last time on earth.


TWENTY-THIRD SESSION.

Held in Sixth Avenue Church, Birmingham, November, 1890. The officers
of the previous session and all the missionaries were re-elected.
The Home Mission Society gave about $6,000 to Alabama, including
$2,600 given for University buildings. The financial agent, President
Purce, and the missionaries all made very encouraging financial
reports--thousands of dollars having been collected ($5,400). Dr. W. J.
Simmons and Rev. Henry Stevens crossed the dark river this year. Drs.
Clanton and Brawley were present. This was a good session--debts fast
disappearing under the industrious and wise financiering of President
Purce and Agent Wilhite. The missionaries were continued.

The _Baptist Leader_ (once _The Baptist Pioneer_), which for several
years had been successfully run by Editor McEwen, was continued under
its old management.

This year, in July, a Baptist Congress was held in Montgomery in the
Dexter Avenue Church. It was entertaining and instructive. Also in
August a State Sunday School Convention was organized in Union Springs,
with Rev. S. Jones as president, and is still doing a grand work,
Brother Wells being still presiding officer.


TWENTY-FOURTH SESSION.

Held in Peace Baptist Church, Talladega, November, 1891. The same
officers were re-elected, and also the same missionaries, except that
Rev. C. R. Rodgers was chosen to fill the place made vacant by Bro.
Pollard’s resignation. A grand session--never before in our history
had our business seemed to be so much in the hands and hearts of wise,
cultivated men and women. The Rev. Mr. Parks and Hon. James White,
of Chattanooga, were with us. The mayor of Talladega, pastors of
white churches, and everybody else, gave us a word of encouragement
and expressed themselves as pleased and profited by our presence.
Prof. Peterson, a recent member of the faculty of Selma University,
was introduced to Alabama Baptists. One hundred and fifty churches
and forty associations, besides Sunday school conventions and Sunday
schools, were represented by two hundred messengers. The year’s income
from all sources was reported by financial agents as footing up to
$12,440. Statistical secretary reported as follows: “Seven hundred
and eighteen churches and fifty-eight associations. Twenty-eight
of the associations give an aggregate membership of 83,000. Thirty
associations have failed to report their numbers.”

Dr. C. S. Dinkins had been operating an academy at Marion, for the
use of which he had paid $1,000. Our school property increased in
value from $3,000 to $30,000. The president of our Convention, W.
R. Pettiford, was at this time president of a successful banking
enterprise. Last, and perhaps least, one of our number had made an
humble contribution to the literature of the denomination in the form
of a little book entitled “_Plain Theology for Plain People_.” Thus had
we grown in twenty-four years.

Before the next session Dr. McAlpine was made teacher of institutes,
under the Southern Board.


TWENTY-FIFTH SESSION.

Held in Franklyn Street Church, Mobile, November, 1892. Dr. Dinkins was
elected president, and Rev. J. P. Barton, vice-president. With these
exceptions, the old officers, as well as missionaries, were continued.
Editor W. H. Stewart, of Kentucky; Dr. Clanton, of Louisiana; the Rev.
Mr. Luke, field secretary of the Foreign Mission Convention; Revs.
T. L. Jordan and C. L. Fisher, of Mississippi, were present. For the
most part, this was a good session. However, there were signs of a
rising stormcloud, which, it was feared, foretold approaching evil;
and perhaps a clogging of our educational and missionary operations
would then soon come. A good money showing was made, and new financial
plans were adopted. Dr. Pettiford was appointed financial agent and
secretary. It was decided to attempt to establish two academies--one
in Mobile and the other somewhere in Northern Alabama. Before the next
session of the Convention, Rev. C. O. Boothe resigned his position
as general missionary of the State and pastor at Meridian, Miss. Dr.
Purce severed his connection with the University, and Dr. C. S. Dinkins
was elected president in his stead. A division of the denomination was
threatened in consequence of the presidential changes.

Again our debts were beginning to be a menace.


TWENTY-SIXTH SESSION.

Held in Eufaula, November, 1893. Rev. J. P. Barton, of Talladega, was
elected president, and Rev. R. T. Pollard, secretary. Hon. Ad. Wimbs,
of Greensboro, was a member of this Convention. Drs. Morehouse and
McVicar, of New York, were with us; also Dr. Crumpton, who represented
the Southern Baptists. Many changes were made upon the Board of
Trustees. A committee was appointed to plan a change in our school
charter. The session was stormy and far from pleasant. Dr. Pettiford
made a good financial report. Rev. S. L. Ross was Sunday school
missionary. Dr. Dinkins made a good beginning as president of Selma
University. Rev. Lewis Brown was elected treasurer.


TWENTY-SEVENTH SESSION.

Held in Mt. Zion Church, Anniston, Ala., November, 1894. Rev. J. P.
Barton was again elected president, and Rev. R. T. Pollard continued
as secretary. Times peculiar and money scarce. President Dinkins had
prevented any increase of the debt of the university, and continued
to grow in favor with all sections. The session, however, was not so
orderly as it might have been, if there had been less personal feeling
and ambition, and more real humility and consecration.


COMPARISONS.

True, our white brethren were hindered by the wild forests, which were
pathless and bridgeless, fieldless and cribless, and by the savage
beasts and friendless red men, as well as by the slowness of travel,
but after all, we may be permitted to compare our progress with our
white brethrens’ struggles on educational and missionary lines; and I
think the foe will feel more hopeful of us, while the friend will see
reason for encouragement and pleasure. The white Convention organized
in Salem Church, near Greensboro, in October, 1823, but they did not
begin a school till 1834--eleven years. We organized in 1868 and
started a school in 1878--ten years. Their school continued only about
five years, when their property was sold to pay their school debts.
Our school still continues at this writing--1895. In 1839, they passed
a resolution to encourage young men to study for the ministry under
capable pastors, and the money of the Convention was ordered to be paid
out in support of operations on this line.

They now owe on Howard College, so I am informed, some $30,000 or
$40,000 in the form of a bonded debt, the interest on which they find
it hard to pay. Indeed, I very much regret to hear that they are
thinking of making an assignment in the interest of their creditors. On
careful examination of the records of the Convention, we come upon the
following important facts and lessons:

1. _The blindness of the leadership as to the work to be done._

In the jubilee meeting, Rev. H. Stevens, said: “When I resolved in
1868 to meet the call of the Montgomery Church for a Convention of
delegates, I didn’t see what we could do. I went only out of some sort
of curiosity to meet other brethren and to look on. I got a little
light before I reached Montgomery, as I listened to some things Brother
McAlpine had to say along the way. And I was not much better off when
the Convention closed. I did not know what they were talking about
one-half the time.” But few saw one inch ahead. The horizon increased
only as we advanced. We grew up with the growth of the work.

2. _The power of faith to give form and fixedness to ponderous
enterprises._

We vacillated till Brother Woodsmall appeared, so far at least as our
school project was concerned. As the queen bee draws together her
wandering swarm and fixes them in settled habitation and orderly toil,
so did this saintly man do for the colored Baptists of Alabama. And his
spirit is still among us.

3. _Progress is born of progress._

Because we gained one step, we gained another step. Because we made it
to the top of one mountain, we could therefore make it to the top of
another.

[Illustration]




_III. ASSOCIATIONS._

[Under this head appear many points and facts of local interest.]

       *       *       *       *       *


ALABAMA DISTRICT.

This District was organized in 1869 by Revs. N. Ashby, M. Tyler, W.
Stevens, J. A. Foster, Wm. Jenkins and other leading men of Montgomery
and Lowndes counties. From their birth to this time, as an Association,
they have been leaders in missionary and educational operations.


LEADING MEN.

Among the leading men of this body we may mention: Rev. M. Tyler,
Lowndesboro; Revs. R. T. Pollard, M. D. Brooks, E. W. Picket, A. Moore,
G. McKinney, A. Campbell, and D. Ware, Montgomery; Revs. M. C. Merrell,
James Davis, and A. J. Knight, Fort Deposit; Revs. P. Gilchrist and
B. Moss, Hayneville: Revs. C. H. Payne, S. M. Reeves, and C. P. Cain,
Letohatchie; Revs. J. H. Smith and E. Elias, Tallassee; Revs. E. W.
Jones, M. Snowdon, L. Barnett, A. Dansey, M. C. Williams, L. Calvary,
D. Hall, J. Morris, H. W. Tarrant, W. Harris, D. S. Adams, M. E.
Pleasant, postoffice unknown.

They report about 12,000 members. Their annual donation for general
purposes averages $300 or $400. This body contributed largely toward
the purchase of our school property, and now liberally supports
the school. Rev. S. Jones, Mt. Meigs, is a strong man in this
Association, and no man in Alabama has done more for the education of
his parishioners than he. Rev. J. C. Curry, also of Mt. Meigs, is one
of their most scholarly men and most able preachers. They talk of
dividing into two bodies, hoping thereby to accomplish more for the
furtherance of the gospel.

[Illustration: Rev. F. R. Kennedy, Pastor Galilee Baptist Church,
Anniston, Ala.]


ALABAMA MIDLAND ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1889, is a small body operating chiefly in Montgomery
county. They report six churches. Could not ascertain the membership.

Revs. B. Bible, B. Coles, W. Harrison and T. L. Lewis lead them. I
submit the following as good supplementary matter to what has been said
of the above Associations:


MONTGOMERY.


THE FIRST COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH

Was organized in the basement of the white Baptist Church (First
Baptist Church) just after the close of the war. The corner stone of
their present building on Columbus street was laid in 1867. Their
first pastor was the late Rev. Nathan Ashby, who, prior to the war,
had preached to the colored membership on Sundays in the afternoon,
in the basement of the white church. Mr. Ashby being stricken down
by paralysis, closed his pastorate in 1870. Under his pastorate this
church issued the call for the first session of the State Convention in
1868; hence this church is the source--the mother--of our Convention.

For a few months the Rev. J. W. Stevens supplied the pulpit.

In 1871 the late Rev. James H. Foster was called to the pastoral
office, which he served for the space of twenty years, leaving it only
to answer the summons of his Master to appear in purer and higher
spheres. Under his administration the church increased its membership
from a few hundred to several thousand. He expended some $10,000 or
$12,000 on the present edifice. Under his pastorate the Foreign Mission
Convention was organized in 1880.

After Mr. Foster’s death, December 1, 1891, Rev. A. J, Stokes, then
pastor at Fernandina, Fla., was called to their pulpit, and now
serves with great success, having added within the last two months
about 500 by baptism. So far, his success is a wonder to the people
of Montgomery. The special item under his administration is the
organization of the young people for training and work.

Old Brother Boykin (about 85 years old) in speaking of the work about
Montgomery, said: “The first colored preacher I saw after coming from
Charleston, was Bro. Cyrus Hale. He came from South Carolina. He was an
old man when I first met him. He was well read, was a good preacher,
and the white people ’lowed him to go anywhere there was a call for
him. He was the father of the work in this section. Following him, was
Bro. Jacob Belser, and then came Bro. Nathan Ashby. Brother Hale must
have been ordained, for he used to baptize in slavery time.

“While we were worshiping in the white church, we had some ’sistant
deacons--Bros. Fayette Vandeville, Jerry Fye, Peter Miles and Abe
Blackshear.”

Rev. William Jenkins relates the following: “I was born in Montgomery
in 1835, and have been here every since. I began to speak in public in
1852, and continued to speak in the city and on neighboring plantations
all the while. I was allowed to read the Bible, but I had rather been
caught with a hog than with a newspaper; because, for the hog, I was
likely to get a whipping; but for the newspaper I might get a hanging.
And there was some faith them times. On a plantation out here where I
used to preach, there was a balloon coming down one day. The overseer
and the people saw it, and as that was a new thing with them, it
frightened them, and everybody fled except one brother, who, on seeing
the man in the balloon, and believing that it was the Lord, ran towards
the descending balloon, exclaiming as he looked up: ‘Lord, I’s been
looking for you for so long a time, and now you’s come at last!’ The
balloon man said: ‘Go away, boy; I’m nothing but a man.’”

Montgomery is no longer what it was when, thirty years ago, Bro.
Ashby spoke in the afternoon in the basement of the white church. Six
colored Baptist churches now worship within the city and suburbs of
Montgomery. The edifice of Dexter Avenue Church, standing near the
first capital of the ex-Confederacy, is one of the most substantial and
neat brick structures in the city, and the congregation which worships
therein are people of money and refinement. Messrs. H. A. Loveless,
the coal dealer, William Watkins, the contractor, and Charles Steers,
the upholsterer, are owners and managers of large affairs, involving
thousands of dollars.

The colored people of this city own many hundred thousand dollars in
real estate. Mr. Billingslea, the barber, is said to own $300,000. Dr.
Dorsett runs a successful drug business in one of the lower departments
of a two-story brick building owned by himself. The widow of the late
Hon. James Hale has built and is maintaining an infirmary for the sick
poor people of her race.

Contrast this state of things with thirty years ago, when the colored
people, like “dumb driven cattle” before hound and lash, wended their
way in the “death march” of slavery, and ask if the negro of to-day is
the negro of thirty years ago. There is on Dexter avenue, in the
city of Montgomery, an old brick building wherein the “negro trader”
used to pen his slaves to await his purchasers. Herein the writer
organized the Dexter Avenue Church. Compare the occupants of the slave
pen with the audience in Dexter Avenue Church.


DEXTER AVENUE CHURCH.

This church is a secession from the Columbus Street Church, occurring
in the latter part of the year 1877. Its first meeting, with a view
to organization, took place in the parlor of Mr. Samuel Phillips. The
chief persons in the constitutional membership were Messrs. Samuel
Phillips, John Phillips, Alfred Thomas (the father of Mrs. S. H.
Wright), C. Sterrs, William Watkins and H. A. Loveless. The meeting
for the recognition of the church was held in a hall on Dexter avenue,
January, 1878, which in former days had been used as a slave trader’s
pen. Dr. J. B. Hawthorne, pastor of the First Church (White), with his
deacons, represented the white brethren, and Rev. J. A. Foster, pastor
of the Columbus Street Church, represented his church.

The writer was the first pastor, but owing to embarrassments which
soon followed, he did not remain long in charge of the work. Revs. J.
W. Stevens, F. McDonald, J. C. Curry, A. F. Owens, T. Fryerson, A. N.
McEwen, Dr. Langridge, and others followed in the pastoral charge. The
progress of the church was rather slow till the time of Mr. McEwen,
under whom their present beautiful building was erected. The present
pastor, Rev. R. T. Pollard, seems to be appointed the task of leading
not so much on lines of material development as in lines of spiritual
growth. Many other good and pious persons have been added to their
number, so that no church in the State can now boast of a people more
thrifty, aspiring and refined.


AUBURN ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1870 by Revs. T. Glenn, D. Phillips, I. M. Pollard and
others. This body operates chiefly in Lee, Macon and Tallapoosa
counties. In the beginning of Selma University they contributed largely
toward its establishment, and have since given it liberal support.
Lately, however, they are struggling, under the leadership of Mr. and
Mrs. Wells, to plant a school in Opelika. They number about 8,000
members.

[Illustration: Selma University, Selma, Ala.]


LEADING MEN.

Revs. Glenn and Phillips have left the cross for the crown. Among the
present leadership we have the names of Revs. J. R. Howard, M. M.
Archer, A. Walton, K. T. Young, T. N. Huguely, J. Wood, G. Germany, H.
Clark, A. M. McArthur, G. Moore, H. Jones, J. Thomas, J. T. Torbert, E.
L. Goer, M. M. Ross, E. White, E. L. Simms, F. T. Holmes, D. Upshaw,
C. Young, E. Cain, R. Burton, J. David, P. Davis. Rev. I. T. Simpson,
one of the strongest men in the State, is now in this body as pastor at
Opelika.

The school project in Opelika speaks well of its supporters and
deserves to succeed. May God bring them in the path of success. The
writer regrets to record that he saw something at one session of
this body that was by no means creditable to it. It was this selling
business. The grounds about the church were almost covered with
cake stands, etc., and the sermons could scarcely be heard for the
noise made by the salesmen. Associations ought not to meet with any
church which does not pledge itself to keep such off the grounds. The
Associations of our white brethren are not troubled with such ugly
conduct. The communities in which religious bodies convene should do
all in their power to bring about the devotional spirit, the spirit of
sincere worship.


AUTAUGA COUNTY ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1882, reports about 2,000 members.


LEADING MEN.

 _Jones’ Switch Post Office_--Rev. M. Clark.
 _Milton_--M. Underwood, J. C. Parker, D. Love, H. Taylor.
 _Independence_--William Mims.
 _Prattville_--William McLinn.
 _Verbena_--C. Price, P. Dejarnet, D. Gresham.
 _Birmingham_--E. Goodson.
 _Deatville_--A. C. Roundtree, A. J. Jones.
 _Autaugaville_--E. Nun.
 _Bozeman_--J. H. Brumby.

Messrs. J. Coles, W. Cooper and J. W. Carroll have served as clerks.
They, too, are recorded as contributing for educational purposes.


BETHLEHEM ASSOCIATION.

This association was organized in 1868, and has given more students to
Selma University than any other association in the State, nor has any
other been more liberal in its gifts of money. A calculation would,
perhaps, show that they had not paid so much as the Alabama District
and the Uniontown, but it will be remembered that those are the _giant_
associations, having 10,000 or 12,000 members, while this body has not
more than 6,000. Rev. C. Roberts, one of the founders of this body, in
his opening speech before the session of 1892, said: “When we began,
not one among us could write. We organized in Tuscaloosa, and when the
work was done, it seemed so insignificant an idea that we had attempted
to constitute and operate an _association_ that it took us two days
to accept and recognize what we had done. But see what we are now,
and what we have done! Of our own sons and daughters, we have with
us to-day teachers of the State schools, teachers in universities,
teachers of music, persons of character and of learning. I never in
my life, thought I would see so much education in black people.”
The “Jones Creek Church,” the church with which the association had
convened in the above named session, was the name borne by the white
church organized about 1830, which long ago had become extinct. Rev.
L. Brown, who now owns a good part of his old master’s plantation,
presided at this session, and Rev. I. Dawson was clerk.

Their minutes give the following churches and ministers:

  _Sherman Post Office_--Galilee, Antioch, Little Zion, Mount Tabor.
  _Warsaw_--Mount Pleasant, Union Grove.
  _Cahaba_--Christian Valley, Friendship, Mt. Tabor, Mt. Pleasant.
  _Whitfield_--Ebenezer.
  _Boligee_--Mt. Zion, Bethlehem, St. Paul, St. James, Mt. Olive.
  _Eutaw_--Elizabeth, Eutaw, Zion, Friendship.
  _Ramsey_--St. Mark, Dowsey, Mary Winston, Jerusalem, Livingston,
    Shiloh, Pine Grove, New Prospect.
  _Sumpterville_--Sumpterville, Mt. Zion.
  _Mt. Hebron_--Mt. Zion, St. John.
  _Vianna_--New Providence.
  _York Station_--Rock Chapel, York Chapel, Mt. Harmon.
  _Curl’s Station_--Mt. Zion, Fourth Creek.
  _Gaston_--Friendship.
  _West Green_--Pleasant Valley.
  _Tishabee_--Christian Valley, Little Zion.
  _Gainsville_--Gainsville Second, New Bethel, Longford,
    Spring Valley, Gainsville.
  _Epes Station_--New Hope, Jones Creek, Miller’s Hill.
  _Clinton_--Mt. Common.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. G. Young, T. Grant, G. Lowe, J. S. Boatright, I. Dawson, L.
Brown, C. Roberts, E. Grant.

There are other strong men among them whose names I could not obtain.

Rev. Daniel Griffin, pastor at Gainsville, has especially commended
himself for his studiousness, spotless name, and earnest work. Many of
our best young men, teachers and preachers, come of this association.


BIBB COUNTY ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1885, report a membership of about 3,000. The post
offices of their several churches are given as follows: Calera,
Jemison, Strasburg, Lomax, Clayton, Shiloh, Randolph, Traveler’s Rest,
Maplesville, Briarfield, and Ashley.


LEADING MEN.

The list which the writer found was not full, but we have the
following: Revs. H. Zimmerman, Clanton; H. E. Doake and A. Thomas,
Calera; C. Gentry, Randolph. I am informed that Revs. J. R. Scott, J.
S. Printice, J. W. Witherspoon and W. T. Goodson are also members of
this body.


BLADEN SPRINGS ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1876, reports about 2,000 members.


POST OFFICES OF CHURCHES.

Bladen Springs, Cunningham, West Bend, Rescueville, Coffeeville, Dead
Level, Mt. Sterling, Frankville, Ararat, Campbell, St. Stevens.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. C. Long, of Bladen Springs, P. D. Alford, of Cunningham; R.
Lewis, F. White, R. Whitley, O. S. Yorke, J. Whigman, B. White, E. A.
Reed, B. Woodson, A. S. Cessions, C. L. Davis, and L. W. Morris. The
writer baptized Rev. P. D. Alford about twenty-five years ago, while
doing mission work in Mississippi.

Rev. Charles Long was one of the first colored men to begin teaching
and preaching after the war. He stands as an honest business man, as
well as preacher of the gospel.


BROWNVILLE ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1883, is a small body composed of about twenty churches,
which have the following post offices: Phenix City, Gerard, Motts,
Columbus, Ga., Hatchechubbee, Ladonia, Crawford, Uchee.


OFFICERS LAST REPORTED.

 _Moderator_--Rev. L. D. Harris, Gerard.
 _Clerk_--Rev. J. F. Torbert, Hatchechubbee.
 _Treasurer_--Bro. H. Dixon, Phenix City.

They number about 2,000 members.


CANAAN (PICKENSVILLE) ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1876, is operating chiefly in Fayette county. The writer
cannot give their membership, but they report eighteen or twenty
churches.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. G. H. Prewett, W. Bozelle, J. P. Neal, J. M. Maddox, S. Clements,
G. W. Brent, A. G. Johnson, J. H. Evey, I. Bizzell, L. W. Bridges, R.
L. Gorden, L. Neal, A. B. Richardson.

Revs. J. M. Maddox and J. W. Glasscox seem to be at least the peers of
any in their ranks.

[Illustration: Mrs. M. D. Duncan, Principal Female Academy, Demopolis,
Ala.]


THE COLORED BETHLEHEM ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1871, reports about 3,500 members. This is the body so
long guided by the late Rev. Armstead Cunningham, Bellville. This aided
in the purchase of our property at Selma.


POST OFFICES OF CHURCHES.

Eustis, Grove Hill, Dixon’s Mill, Whatley, Thomasville, Glover,
Atkerson, Choctaw Corner, Myrtlewood, Putman, Clifton, Octagon.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. C. L. Robertson, H. W. Mitchell, C. L. Davis, E. P. Yow, W.
Thomas, P. Kimbrough, J. Williams, M. Dosey, J. M. Houston, R. F.
Forman, F. Johnson, A. L. Cleveland, A. Charles, W. M. Kimbrough.


DALLAS COUNTY ASSOCIATION.

Organized 1872, is a large body, operating in the “Black Belt.” They
have about 4,000 members. Support educational enterprises.


POST OFFICES OF THEIR CHURCHES.

Crumpton, Gee’s Bend, Lasso, Linden, Cylonia, Orrville, Portland,
Cahaba, Lower Peach Tree, Selma, Brown’s Station, Gaston, Rehoboth,
Hazen, Uniontown, Martin Station, Boguechitto, Hamburg.


LEADING MEN.

D. Boyd, W. C. Richards, G. W. Jones, T. Mosely, P. Underwood, W.
Sprague, H. Robertson, R. D. Vassar, T. B. Goldsby, E. B. Smith, H.
Willer, A. C. Collin, S. Thompson, A. Hardaway, D. M. Coleman, A.
Waller, J. Watts, N. Jones, R. Murry, L. Bryant.

Rev. D. M. Coleman deserves praise for his persistent struggles after
education. In spite of every hindrance he, at rather a late point in
his young manhood, started and completed a course in Selma University.


EAST PERRY COUNTY ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1885, is a small body, and the writer has learned but
little of them.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. J. A. Jemison, C. Casby, G. S. Bolling, F. Chandler, S. Morse, C.
McCord.


EVERGREEN ASSOCIATION.

Organized 1878, reports about 3,500 members. They liberally support
educational and missionary enterprises.


POST OFFICES OF THEIR CHURCHES.

Evergreen, Dunham, Joyville, Fairfield, Red Level, Mason, Brooklyn,
Grovella, Garland, Andalusia, Castleberry, Brewton, Williams’ Station,
Pollard.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. L. and N. Hawthorne, G. Donald, J. Wallace, R. Monroe, A.
Clairborne, S. Union, J. McCrery, S. I. Shannon, Z. Michael, J. Salter,
R. McCrery, D. May, R. Ingraham, D. Shepard, C. C. Lucious, and C.
Jackson. They want to establish a high school at Evergreen, where Rev.
L. Hawthorne is now engaged in teaching and preaching.


THE EUFAULA ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1867, is perhaps the oldest Colored Association in
Alabama. Its chief founders were: Revs. William McCoo and Jerry
Shorter, and Deacons J. E. Timothy, of Eufaula, and Byrd Day, of
Glennville. This body is peculiarly organized on some lines. For
example: Their Sunday School work is divided into districts, which
districts, under their several leaders, hold so many meetings a year at
different centers of the population. A carefully prepared program is
carried out, led on by certain persons who have been previously named
and informed. And they have a preachers’ association.


POST OFFICES OF CHURCHES.

Eufaula, Clayton, Glennville, Hurtsboro, Lofton, Pittsboro, Midway,
Hatchechubbee, Seale, Jerigan, Cowikee, Oatston, Oswichee, Coal Ridge,
Louisville, Hawkinsville, Guerryton, Abbeville, Three-Notch, Enon,
Cochran, Batesville. Eufaula is the leading point in the district.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. G. W. Webb, J. D. Maddox, Wm. Williams, James Peterson, L. F.
O’Bryant, I. Bostic, N. Bostic, Eufaula.

Revs. W. R. Forbes, E. A. McCall, Columbus, Ga.

Revs. Wm. Pattrick, E. P. Pattrick, Wm. Blakely, Clayton.

Rev. J. Q. A. Wilhite, Selma.

Revs. J. H. Upshaw, T. H. Mitchell, Hatchechubbee.

Revs. A. A. Rivers, J. J. Young, Midway.

The author has been unable to obtain the post office address of the
following names: Revs. S. Allen, R. H. Wright, T. Thomas, C. H. Ammons,
P. Shorter, J. Torbert, M. Davis, P. Battle, G. W. Moore, L. B.
Mitchell, R. Turpin, P. Johnson, E. R. Joseph, E. Crawford. For several
years Rev. L. P. Foster has been the missionary for this body.

Bro. Byrd Day, a pioneer in this part of the State, relates the
following interesting story: “As I could read in the days of slavery,
and as the people on the place wanted to know the sayings of God, as
they called the Bible, they bought me a Bible and got me to read for
them. We slaves were allowed night farms in those days. An acre or
so of land was given to each person wanting to work at night. Well,
in order that I might study the Bible, the other slaves on the place
worked my patch for me. So I studied the book and read it to them.”

The writer once spent a month in Eufaula giving Bible instruction to
ministers, and was paid by the “Ministers’ Association.”


FLINT RIVER ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1884, is a small body of less than 1,000 members, and is
the result of a secession from the Muscle Shoals Association. Rev. F.
A. Chapman is its principal founder and perhaps is their strongest man.


MINISTERS.

Revs. F. A. Chapman, C. M. Davis, C. C. Matthews, Flint Station; G. W.
Garth, Crowton; R. Wilhoit, Cedar Plains; B. M. Key, D. Ward, S. M.
Robinson, Somerville; A. Brown, S. Gains, A. R. Eason, Huntsville; C.
Davis, Whitesburg; W. T. Connor, Madison; E. Powell, Hillsboro.

The writer has greatly enjoyed their quiet spirit and earnest labors.
However, he saw at their last session (1894) a rather ludicrous point
or gesture in the pulpit exercises. A brother, who is known to be an
upright man, as well as a very earnest and industrious man, was making
some remarks on the closing sermon of the session, when, becoming
very happy, he made a leap upward, which caused his brethren to fear
lest there would be a bruise, either in the ceiling, or on top of the
minister’s head. I would have, if I could have done so with propriety,
urged the brother to remember that “bodily exercise profits little,
while godliness is profitable unto all things,” and that “the spirit of
the prophet is subject to the prophet,” and “let all things be done
decently and in order.” However, I remember the day when most of the
white preachers in Alabama had in their sermons what some people are
disposed to call “the holy tone,” which was often accompanied by quite
a lot of physical exercise. This has become a thing of the past with
them in proposition, as they by culture, have been raised to see that
Christianity is Christly believing and Christly living. By the same
process, the same conditions will come upon us. So, we will still labor
and still wait.


FRIENDSHIP WESTERN UNION ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1891, is a small body operating in a section lying south
of Anniston and Oxford.


POST OFFICES OF THEIR CHURCHES.

Wedowee, Lineville, Rockdale, Graham, Beason’s Mill, Heflin, Louina,
Micaville, Lamar, Edwardsville, Truet, Gay.


LEADING MEN.

Rev. A. M. Crawley, Iron City, moderator; and J. W. Goss, Wedowee,
clerk. Revs. S. A. Banks, L. Dotson, C. T. Early, J. C. Byrd, J.
D. Austin, J. R. Heard, D. Welsh, C. Sterling, C. Terry, and J.
Culbertson, are mentioned among the principal pastors.


GOOD SAMARITAN ASSOCIATION.

Organized 1881, has some eighteen or twenty churches. The copy of the
minutes in the hand of the writer fails to give the membership of the
churches.


POST OFFICES OF CHURCHES.

Farmersville, Gordonville, Selma, Bragg’s, Furman, Montery,
Haynesville.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. Wm. Moss, W. Baskin, H. J. Kelly, M. Lewis, E. Crawford, J. H.
Hartman.


HOPE HILL ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1886, reports a membership of about 1,500.


POST OFFICES OF CHURCHES.

Van Dorn, Gallion, Demopolis, Old Spring Hill, Dayton.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. F. Gilbert, J. W. Belle, Wm. Allen, W. Reese, A. Wilson, W. H.
Rone, G. C. Roney, W. E. Sharp, A. Collins, and G. V. Spenser.


LEBANON ASSOCIATION.

Operating in Pickens county, was organized in 1874, and has a
membership of about 2,000.


LEADING MEN AND THEIR POST OFFICES.

Revs. J. C. Archibald, Bridgeville; D. C. Salmon, Bridgeville; R.
Richey, Pickensville; J. Goodwin, Raleigh; J. T. Atty, Memphis, Ala.;
J. G. Johnson, Carrollton; J. Clark, Ehren; James Howard, Pickensville.
Brother Archibald is liberally educated, teaches school, and is a
progressive man on all lines.


LILY STAR ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1885, contains only about 1,000 members.


POST OFFICES OF CHURCHES.

Trio, Brierfield, Centerville, Harrisburgh, Scottsville, Green Pond,
Blocton, Vance.

PASTORS.

Revs. T. M. Parker, W. A. Parker, John Bolden, J. A. Foster, S. Page,
H. S. Thompson, G. W. Glenn, G. Calhoun.


MOBILE SUNLIGHT ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1887, operates chiefly in Mobile, Baldwin and Washington
counties. The St. Louis Street Church, Mobile, constituted in 1859,
is the principal church in this body. They have churches at the
following points: Whistler, Chastang, Calvert’s Station, Scranton,
Miss., Gondola, Four Mile Post, Moffitsville, Citronelle, Mount Vernon,
Chunchula, Cleveland, Cottage Hill, Kushla, Vancleve.


MINISTERS.

Revs. J. L. Frazier, C. C. Richardson, T. H. Morgan, G. W. Cephas, H.
Sims, G. Lewis, A. J. Bolton, E. M. Matthews, S. A. Johnson, M. J.
Thompson, T. Benson, C. L. Roberts, C. Reed, W. S. Forbes.


MOUNT PLEASANT ASSOCIATION.

Marengo county, was organized in 1878. They number about 2,500 members.


POST OFFICES.

Gallion, Linden, Faunsdale, Dayton, Magnolia, Van Dorn, Demopolis,
Uniontown, Providence, Spring Hill.


MINISTERS.

Revs. J. Lawson, H. Shade, James Emmerson, J. Shaw, N. P. Anderson, B.
Glover, D. S. Thompson, M. D. Agee, James Brock.


MORNING STAR ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1874, is operating in Coosa and Elmore counties. Their
membership is about 2,000. They have been rather separated from the
general work, but perhaps it is owing to the fact that their location
has made it rather difficult for those who have represented the
enterprises of the denomination to reach them.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. L. W. Whitaker, Rockford; M. C. Crosby, A. L. Swindall, A. M.
Snowdon, A. Jones, J. A. Baker, E. D. Howell, L. W. McNeely, R. T.
Lewis, J. H. Smith.


POST OFFICES.

Lockford, Irma, Central Institute, Dexter, Syke’s Mill, Pentonville,
Equality, Lauderdale, Nixburgh, Weoka, Crewsville, Goodwater.


MOUNT PILGRIM ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1874 by Revs. W. H. McAlpine, J. R. Capers, and William
Ware, with other leading men; occupies the chief mining regions of
Alabama. Their last minutes give the following churches and ministers:


CHURCHES.

_Birmingham_--Sixteenth Street, Shiloh, Sixth Avenue,
Hopewell, Sardis, First Baptist, North Birmingham, Mt. Olive,
Mt. Pilgrim, Healing Springs, Spring Street, St. James, Bethlehem,
Bethel, Vernon.

_Bessemer_--Jerusalem, Canaan, Red Mountain.

_Pratt City_--Mt. Hebron, Pleasant Hill, Rising Star, St. James.

_Coalburg_--Coal Chapel.

_Patton_--Mt. Nebo.

_East Lake_--Mt. Zion, St. Peter.

_Helena_--Mt. Moriah.

_Dolomite_--St. John.

_Avondale_--Mt. Calvary.

_Blossburg_--Mt. Hebron.

_Woodlawn_--Jackson Street.

_Warrior_--New Bethel.

_Rosedale_--Walnut Street.

_Trussville_--Mt. Joy.

_Compton_--Mt. Olive.

_Oxmoor_--Shady Grove.

[Illustration: Rev. J. P. Barton, Pastor Peace Baptist Church,
Talladega, Ala.

President Baptist State Convention.]


MINISTERS.

Revs. T. W. Walker, T. L. Jordan, G. W. Parks, William Ware, G. S.
Smith, W. A. Shirley, A. J. Fikes, R. Donald, P. C. Caddell, W. T.
Bibb, J. A. Peele, S. D. Sanders, William Walker, E. E. Perryman, R.
H. Vogle, M. C. Adams, J. P. O’Riley, A. A. Scott, L. V. Ellison, J.
E. A. Wilson, V. Huntington, F. M. Miller, B. P. Palmo, H. Neally, F.
C. Chandler, S. M. Hall, H. Zimmerman, S. L. Belser, W. E. Craddock,
J. B. Gardner, S. A. Latham, Van B. James, P. Woollen, L. J. Green, R.
Johnson, L. W. Wells, J. M. Anthony, L. C. Jones.

As educators, they have Messrs. T. H. Posey, J. C. Barker, F. P.
McAlpine, and A. J. Edwards.

Rev. L. D. James is missionary of their district. Their membership is
about 6,000, and their church property is worth not less than $50,000.


BIRMINGHAM CHURCHES.

The oldest church in the city is the Spring Street Church, Rev. L. J.
Green’s church, but the Sixteenth Street, Sixth Avenue, and Shiloh
Churches are the most influential churches. The Sixteenth Street
Church was organized in 1873, it appears, and her pastors appear in
the following order: Revs. J. Readon, W. Reed, A. C. Jackson, W. R.
Pettiford, and T. L. Jordan. In a property point of view they owe much
to Rev. A. C. Jackson, under whom they obtained the present church
lot, three other lots, and a small frame building, say about $5,000.
This $4,000 or $5,000 went toward the erection of their brick edifice,
erected under the pastorate of Rev. W. R. Pettiford. They owe about
$3,000 on their building, the payment of which has been much hindered
by the scarcity of money. In all the most progressive plans of gospel
work in this section, this church has led the way; and their advance
on these lines is chiefly due to the presence of Dr. Pettiford and the
missionary ladies. The Sixth Avenue Church is the next to appear. Its
pastors have been: Revs. Silas Jones, T. W. Walker, J. W. White. They
have recently offered the pastoral charge to Rev. J. Q. A. Wilhite, who
is expected to assume management this month (May, 1895). They are in
debt also.

The church that is the marvel of the city is the Shiloh, under Rev.
T. W. Walker. This church was organized May 3, 1891, as the result of
preaching service supported by a society known as the “Christian Relief
Association.” They now have the smallest debt, the largest house and
the largest congregation in the city. Often when 1,200 or 1,500 people
are in the house, a good part of the street is full of persons who are
anxious to approach near enough to hear. Of course the pastor is the
source and center of this successful church, but he has been fortunate
in drawing about him some very business-like as well as very agreeable
people. The following anniversary program, etc., will give an idea of
the church’s operations and system. (This program, with facts like it,
is given for its suggestiveness):


  May 3, 1891                                              May 3, 1895


FOURTH ANNIVERSARY OF SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH, OF BIRMINGHAM, ALA.

The anniversary of the above named church will be held on Friday,
the above date, at the church on Avenue G, between Eighteenth and
Nineteenth streets.

All churches in the city and vicinity are cordially invited to be
present and take a part in the exercises, as those present will have
the privilege to speak on the subjects after they have been submitted
to the assembly. The following will be the programme for the day.

9:30 to 10 A. M.--Opening.

Devotional exercises and responsive Scripture reading.--Psalm 24.

10 to 10:30--“The Work of the School,” by Mrs. Laura Emmons. Discussed
by Rev. J. A. Peel, of North Birmingham.

10:30 to 11--“The Work of the B.Y.P.U.,” by Miss Georgia Battles.
Discussed by Rev. J. E. A. Wilson, of Pratt City.

11 to 11:30--“The Work of the Missionary,” by Miss A. L. Bowman.
Discussed by Rev. V. B. James, of Avondale.

11:30 to 12--“Children’s Mission Band Society,” by Miss Sallie Bates.
Discussed by Rev. L. V. Ellison.

12 to 1 P. M.--“The History of the Church,” by J. M. Ross. Discussed by
Rev. T. W. Walker.

Adjourn to reassemble at 3 P. M.

3 to 3:15--Devotional exercises by Rev. William Winters.

3:15 to 3:45--“Christian Relief Society,” by J. W. Sampson. Discussed
by Rev. G. W. Parks.

3:45 to 4:30--Sermon on “The Progress of the Baptists,” by Rev. W. E.
Perryman, of Pratt City.


COLLECTION.

4:30 to 5--“Church Unity,” by Rev. L. J. Green. Discussed by Rev. T. L.
Jordan.

5 to 5:45--“The Church in the Present Struggle,” by Rev. S. L. Belser.
Discussed by Syl. D. Jones.

Adjourn to reassemble at 7:30.

7:30 to 8--Devotional exercises by Rev. C. H. Hopkins.

8--Anniversary sermon by Rev. J. Q. A. Wilhite.


COLLECTION.

All are requested to bring their Bibles, as they will be needed.

                                J. W. Sampson,
                                J. M. Ross,
 Rev. T. W. Walker, Pastor.         Committee.

The above exercises took place on Friday, and the author of this book
was present to gather evidence of progress.

Closing the chapter on the Mount Pilgrim Association, I submit the
following programs in order to give further light on the general
operations in their field.


MT. PILGRIM WOMEN’S MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.

TOPICS.

 1894.  November--Women of the Bible.
        December--The Mother’s pledge.
 1895.  January--Our State work.
        February--How to make happy homes.
        March--Our duty to our country.
        April--Ways of elevating of our race.
        May--Our duty to the heathen.
        June--What should we teach our children.
        July--Qualifications needed for Christian usefulness.
        August--Economy.
        September--Fireside schools.
        October--Review of the year’s studies.

The above gives the topics of the local monthly meetings.


WOMEN’S MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.

Jackson Street Baptist Church, Woodlawn, May 3, 1895.

PROGRAM.

  9:00 A. M.--Praise service.
  9:30 A. M.--President’s address.
  9:45 A. M.--Hinderances to Christian usefulness.
 10:15 A. M.--Best methods for governing children.
 10:45 A. M.--Has each Christian a responsibility in
              bringing the world to Christ?
 11:15 A. M.--Reports of local societies.
  2:00 P. M.--Praise service.
  2:15 P. M.--The true women.
  2:45 P. M.--Africa’s need.
  3:30 P. M.--The model missionary society.
  4:00 P. M.--Business.

In this meeting the following names appear: Mesdames P. F. Clark,
Sallie Hall, R. Callier, A. McKesson, L. Tyrus, E. C. Bellmy, L. Dean,
S. Ceephas, A. L. Billheimer, S. A. Donald, M. J. Walker, with the
names of the missionaries, Misses Knapp and Boorman.


FIFTH GENERAL MEETING OF THE BAPTIST YOUNG PEOPLE’S UNION OF MT.
PILGRIM ASSOCIATION.

December 7, 1894.

 10:00 A. M.--Praise service.
 10:15 A. M.--President’s address.
 10:30 A. M.--What is necessary to Christian growth?
 11:00 A. M.--How to make a success of B.Y.P.U. in country churches.
 11:30 A. M.--The importance of good reading matter.
 12:00 P. M.--Literature.
  2:00 P. M.--A model meeting.
  2:30 P. M.--Address: The work of the B.Y.P.U. in evangelizing the
              world.
  3:00 P. M.--Best methods for promoting temperance.
  3:30 P. M.--Report of local Unions.
  4:00 P. M.--Business.
  7:00 P. M.--Praise and conference and collection.
  8:00 P. M.--Echoes from the Toronto Convention.

These topics, etc., show the lines of thought upon which the mind is
working. How different things are now from what they were in 1835,
when Job Davis, the African preacher, toiled by the side of his fellow
slaves all day and dreamed at night of his far off home over the great
sea! Now in the valley where his famous camp-meeting sermon melted the
heart of the white people into a condition of submission to Jesus and
into hope of the coming world--where the black man knew only spade,
plow and hoe--we have the Negro M. D., Negro druggist, Negro dentist,
Negro banker, Negro author, Negro merchant, Negroes worshiping in brick
churches, Negro scientists, and white people using Negro inventions.
Here are Banker B. H. Hudson, Druggist I. B. Kigh, Drs. Goin, Brown,
and U. G. Mason, Inventor Andrew Beard, with orators and educators
many. “What shall the harvest be?”

[Illustration: Miss Hardie Martin, Teacher in Public School,
Montgomery, Ala.]


THE MULBERRY ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1882, is composed of only a few churches, chief among
which we may mention: New Zion, Mt. Pleasant and Spring Hill, Elba
post office; Mt. Calvary, Damascus and Antioch, Rose Hill post office;
Friendship and Pleasant Ridge, Henderson post office; Mt. Olive and St.
John, Luverne post office. They have between 1,200 and 1,500 members.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. G. Stringer, M. H. Henderson, G. B. Gibson, C. P. Larkin, D. F.
White and J. S. Lee.


MUD CREEK ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1873, is a small body of very poor churches, located in
Jackson county. There were a few rich slaveholders in said county,
among whom was the Rev. Charles Roach, Sr. On his plantation there were
three preachers, one Methodist and two Baptist. The Baptist preachers
were Thomas and Perkins. Like many other ex-slaves, they retained the
name of their master, and became known as Revs. Thomas and Perkins
Roach. Rev. Robert Caver, at an early date after the close of the
war, came into the county a Baptist preacher. These men became the
organizers of the work in this county. The county is no longer so full
of colored people as once it was, and hence the churches are very small
and can’t support their pastors. Revs. James Larkin, Lewis Roach, T.
J. Roach, Lewis Henshaw, F. Cobb, C. L. Lovelady, J. W. Robinson are
doing what they can to keep up the work but they labor under great
difficulties. It is the purpose of some to attempt to establish a
school at Hollywood. If this project should mature there is a prophecy
of better conditions in time to come.


MUSCLE SHOALS ASSOCIATION

Is among the largest and oldest Associations in the State, having
been organized in 1869 by Revs. Henry Bynum, Wm. Coleman and W. E.
Northcross, aided by Dr. Joseph Shackelford (white), of Trinity. I was
with them as they met in the session of 1893 in the Courtland Church.
In 1827, a Mr. D. P. Bestor, a white minister, preached in this section
and began the work of organizing among the whites. I was told that the
white church, constituted in Courtland in 1827, had long passed away
and that of their building “one stone was not left upon another.” Only
the vacant church lot remained to tell of what had been. The white
people were gone we knew not how nor whither, but that the gospel which
they had preached was blooming like a green bay tree in the hearts of
their ex-slaves, this large Association was tangible evidence. The Rev.
John Belle reminded his brethren that the time had been when he was the
only man in the body who could write and when committees went out to
consult and agree, and then returned to submit verbal reports, which he
as clerk was expected to formulate. He compared this state of things
with the present condition, wherein the _writer_ was the _rule_ and the
_non_-writer the _exception_.

This body is noted for church building. The people in Huntsville and
Sheffield owe their buildings to the plan and liberality of this
Association. The Rev. Paul Jones, for many years their moderator,
was full of missionary zeal and wise plans, and pushed things in all
directions. His death caused them a great loss.

Their minutes give the following churches and pastors: Tuscumbia
church, Rev. W. E. Northcross; Courtland and Sheffield, Rev. G.
B. Johnson, of Courtland; Red Bank and Iuka, Rev. John Belle, of
Courtland; Pleasant Grove, Mt. Zion and Little Zion, Rev. E. M. James,
of Courtland; Russellville and Florence churches, Rev. E. C. White, of
Tuscumbia; Mount Olive, Rev. L. Warren, of Leighton; Palmetto, Rev. M.
Jones, of Russellville; Galilee and Mount Pleasant, Rev. B. King, of
Leighton; Town Creek and Moulton, Rev. A. J. Owens, of Moulton; Mount
Moriah, Rev. H. R. Baker, of Tuscumbia; Macedonia, Rev. A. Troupe, of
Town Creek; Elm Grove, Rev. William Weaver, of Oakland; Mount New Home,
Rev. William Morris, of Leighton; Huntsville Church, Rev. O. Gray,
of Huntsville; Cave Springs, Zion and Bethel, Rev. James Hampton, of
Leighton; Zion No. 2., Rev. J. H. Betts, of Florence; Cater’s Branch,
Rev. A. Davis; St. Peter’s, Rev. H. L. Ellis, of Flint; Jerusalem and
Salem, Rev. D. Jackson, of Tuscumbia; Mt. Olive, Rev. G. S. Ricks, of
Leighton; Decatur Church, Rev. M. J. Hooks; Hillsboro, Rev. B. Swoope;
Baptist Chapel, Rev. James Young, of Florence; St. Paul and Hopewell,
Rev. S. Wadkins, Tuscumbia.

They report church property worth about $25,000. Their principal work
has been in the way of starting missions and building churches. They
have 6,000 members, and an excellent territory, but they greatly need
a school. Professors H. H. Stewart, of Courtland, and J. P. Gettis, of
Decatur, and Dr. Sterrs, of the same place, are the most advanced men
of their fellowship. Dr. Sterrs is a successful young physician as well
as preacher.


NEW PINE GROVE ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1878 and is a secession from the old Pine Grove. They
have, perhaps, about 2,000 members in the following churches: At
Troy--Pine Grove, Holly Springs, High Ridge, Mt. Olive; Union
Springs--Sardis, Low’s Field, Lime Creek; Brundidge--Post Oak, New
Hope, Mt. Pilgrim.


LEADING MEN.

Rev. A. Martin, Union Springs; Wm. Mullen and M. Flournoy, Troy; W. H.
Copeland and E. Mayer, Brundidge.


NEW CAHABA ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1871, has about 2,000 members, and are generous supporters
of missionary and educational enterprises. Their work is managed by
such men as Revs. P. S. L. Hutchins, B. N. Tubbs, R. E. Brown, L.
Abercrombie, T. Chandler and A. L. Huggins.

They have churches at or near Marion, Hamburg and Selma. The copy of
their minutes which came to the writer’s hand is not sufficiently full
to make a good record, as is the case with regard to other minutes in
hand.


OLD PINE GROVE ASSOCIATION.

With headquarters at Union Springs, Bullock county, was organized in
1870. No section of Alabama affords better talent than is found within
the territory of this Association. The people of Union Springs are
noted for their ability and skill in business affairs--merchandise, etc.

The brick church edifice recently erected by Rev. W. C. Bradford and
his church in Union Springs, as well as the large and successfully
operated stores, is testimony on this line.

The officers of this body are: Rev. E. Thornton, Union Springs,
moderator; Prof. F. L. Todd, Union Springs, clerk; Rev. W. C. Crawford,
treasurer.

They have about 2,000 members, and the following churches:

  _Aberfoil_--Elizabeth.
  _Union Springs_--First Baptist, Mt. Pleasant, St. John, and
    Mt. Hilliard.
  _Cotton Valley_--Elizabeth.
  _Thompson Station_--Mt. Pleasant and Second Baptist.
  _Fitzpatrick Station_--Greenwood.
  _McLemore_--Mt. Common.
  _Bug Hall_--Bethlehem and Mt. Carmel.
  _Indian Creek_--Mt. Calvary.
  _Goshen Hill_--Mt. Zion.
  _China Grove_--Mt. Zion.
  _Linwood_--Mt. Pleasant.
  _Flora_--Mt. Sinai.
  _Suspension_--Mt. Canaan.
  _Orion_--Bethlehem.

They have the following pastors:

  _Union Springs_--Revs. W. C. Bradford, E. Thornton, L. Lawson, and
    E. Moore.
  _Aberfoil_--Revs. C. H. Thornton and J. C. Jett.
  _Flora_--Rev. R. Allen.
  _Fitzpatrick_--Rev. William Thompkins.
  _Cotton Valley_--Revs. M. Ellington and W. Crawford.

For general purposes the Association raises from $50 to $100 a year.

_Post Offices Unknown_--Revs. T. Hendrix, G. Youngblood, P. Johnson, S.
M. Dawson, J. M. Faison, R. Jole, S. Barnes.

Rev. J. W. Jett, a man of Virginia birth, is the oldest member of the
body; he was associated with those pioneers of this section, Revs.
Peter Johnson and William Townsend. Mr. Jett is still strong and
active, and is ready for any good work. Rev. E. Thornton leads this
body, and it could not be otherwise, as no man among them is a mightier
and more conspicuous individuality.


PEROTE ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1880, is not so well known as some other bodies. From the
minutes of 1888 I glean the following: They have a church at Perote,
one at Mt. Andrew, one at Fresco, two at Victoria, one at Midway, and
one at Pine Grove. Their membership at this time was small, and the
names of some of their chief men appear as follows: Rev. J. H. Burks,
W. B. Grubbs, C. G. Wheeler, R. Allen, and R. Dix.


PIKE COUNTY ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1887, rose, it seems, in Pike County.


PASTORS.

Revs. J. S. Adair, T. Diggs, G. Whaley, W. S. Pollard, H. Broxton, M.
Stinson, W. F. Williams, J. O. Davis, and others.

CHURCHES.

  _Troy Post Office_--Troy Church.
  _Clayton_--Mt. Moriah.
  _Burk’s_--Antioch.
  _Buck Horn_--Mt. Olive.
  _Elba_--Friendship and Harmony.
  _Linwood_--Benevolent.
  They endorse educational enterprises.


RUSHING SPRINGS ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1870. Revs. Henry Woods, W. H. McAlpine, and Isham
Robinson were the chief founders of this body. Talladega county is
their main territory, though they have churches in Coosa, St. Clair and
Calhoun counties.

Rev. E. C. Rivers has been for years their efficient moderator, and
Rev. A. A. Battle is clerk. They report their churches and ministers as
follows:

  _Jenifer Post Office_--Shady Grove and Shiloh.
  _Renfroe_--New Salem, Antioch and Bethel.
  _Talladega_--Pleasant Grove, Mt. Pilgrim, Mt. Cleveland, Rocky Mount,
    Sycamore, Mt. Canaan, Mt. Moriah, Mt. Zion.
  _Eureka_--Pleasant Hill, Rushing Springs.
  _Kilnulga_--Mt. Carmel.
  _Goodwater_--Marietta.
  _Kelley’s Creek_--Mt. Zion.
  _Sylacauga_--Harper Springs, New Hope, Rising Star.
  _Silver Run_--Sweet Home.
  _Cropwell_--Cropwell.
  _Regan_--Macedonia.
  _Sycamore_--Mt. Olive, Pleasant Hill, Salem.
  _Sedan_--Blooming Light.
  _Birney’s_--African Church.
  _Lincoln_--Pine Grove.
  _Mt. Olive_--New Shiloh.
  _Alpine_--New Maryland, Kingston.
  _Rendalia_--Zion Hill.
  _Oxford_--Rocky Mount.
  _Eastaboga_--Salem.
  _Anniston_--Mt. Zion.
  _Ironaton_--Ironaton.
  _Stewardsville_--Union.
  _Miles_--Lebanon.


MINISTERS.

D. Savage, of Mumford; A. Z. Wilson, N. Jemison, B. Jackson, A. Bibb,
S. Rivers, P. Jordan, C. C. Curry, R. Garrett, A. J. Vincent, A.
O’Neal, A. G. Walker, James Headen, M. H. Cunningham, H. Wood, J.
Chapman, A. A. Battle, S. Burt, R. B. McClellen, J. L. Looney, A.
Bryant, A. Davis, S. Marbry, J. P. Barton, M. C. B. Oden.

This body is led chiefly by men who have attended Talladega College,
some of whom are not only graduates and scholars, but are strong
preachers of the plain old gospel story.

They number about 6,500 members. Talladega and Anniston are their chief
points. Talladega is the “Old Indian battle ground,” and here the white
Baptists formed a church in 1835. Sister Cain, a member of the Mount
Canaan Church, Talladega, said to the writer: “There was no town here
when I came. The Indians lived here and it was all nothing but wild
woods.” As she was talking, the Talladega College bell loudly rang
out some orders or notice upon the ears of Negro students. I mused:
“How the world changes! About the years 1820-1830, negro slavery is
established in Talladega county. In 1835 a white church rises up and,
unknowingly, begins to prepare to give birth to a Negro church, which
will give birth to a Negro Association. In 1865 the slave is free, and
in 1870 the white church constitutes the Mt. Canaan Church (colored),
out of which comes the Rushing Springs Association. And Negro men and
Negro women are carrying diplomas from buildings erected by white
Baptists for the education of white people. All this in less than fifty
years.”


THE AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCH.

In Talladega county, has a rather peculiar history. The lot was donated
in 1849, it appears, by a Mr. William Jenkins, a wealthy slave owner,
who lived about eight miles south of the town of Talladega. It is said
that in addition to the gift of land and building, he paid a man to
teach the catechism to the colored children, and paid annually $150
toward the salary of a minister for the colored people who worshiped
with this church. Samuel Jenkins, a slave from South Carolina, was
one of their first deacons.

[Illustration: Rev. W. R. Pettiford, D. D., President Penny Savings and
Loan Co., President Alabama Publishing Co., Birmingham, Ala.]

_Pastors._--It appears that the following brethren served the church at
different times in the capacity of pastor: Revs. D. Reynolds, S. Boils,
D. Peeples, W. H. McAlpine, Phil. Davis, A. Lawler, and Jordan Chapman.

The origin of this church is full of suggestion. It shows that in spite
of the brutalizing influences of the horrible institution of slavery,
humanity and Christianity in the master often triumphed in deeds of
love and mercy in behalf of the helpless slave. The memory of such men
as Mr. Jenkins inscribed upon such times will be fragrant forever. The
plantation to which the above named lot belonged has changed hands
several times, but this lot is fixed on the records as the property of
the African Church.

Honorable mention is made of Rev. Chesley Johnson and Joe Walker. The
latter, it is said, was allowed to give Bible lessons on his master’s
plantation. The manliness which characterizes Mr. Henry Barclay (Mr.
Walker’s son) and other descendants, marks Mr. Walker’s rare talent.


SANDY RIDGE ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1887, is composed of the following churches:

  _Burnesville Post Office_--Lily Zion and Lily Grove.
  _Selma_--St. James, New Liberty, Cahaba, and Elyton.
  _Vine Hill_--Pleasant Grove and Mt. Pilgrim.
  _Stateville_--New Mt. Moriah, Autaugaville, New Hope, Pleasant Valley,
    and St. Paul.
  _Jones’ Switch_--New Providence.
  _Augustine_--Oak Grove.

Revs. A. Clay, J. and E. Mixom, M. Bishop, H. W. Peeples, and E. W.
Deampart are mentioned among their leading men. Their church property
is reported at $8,000.


SALEM ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1871, is a small body in southeast Alabama. I have been
unable to obtain data from this body. I learn that they have churches
at the following points: Brundidge, Clintonville, Enterprise, and Cox
Mills.


SHELBY SPRINGS ASSOCIATION.

Was organized in 1869. Rev. Berry Ware, it seems, was one of its
leading founders. They have a membership of about 3,000. They have
some excellent men, among whom may be mentioned: Revs. B. M. Mallory,
F. Youngblood, H. D. Leathers, of Childersburg; Rev. D. L. Prentice,
Aldrich; Rev. J. P. Barton, Talladega; Rev. E. E. Perryman, Helena;
Revs. G. R. Nash, F. R. Kenedy, B. F. Singleton, and P. Caddell,
Columbiana; Rev. F. Cahill, Harpersville; Revs. J. L. Looney and P.
Fancher, Fayetteville; Revs. W. C. Owens and J. H. Moseley, Calera.

The minutes of 1890 give the following post offices and churches:

  _Childersburg_--Enon.
  _Kymulga_--Mt. Olive.
  _Aldrich_--Hepzibah.
  _Blocton_--Liberty.
  _Talladega_--Peace Baptist.
  _Wilsonville_--Bethlehem, Scott Grove, Mt. Grove, and Dry Branch.
  _Harpersville_--Mt. Olive.
  _Helena_--Mt. Pleasant.
  _Fayetteville_--Shady Grove, Friendship.
  _Columbiana_--Zion, Friendship, and Macedonia.
  _Mt. Pinson_--Mt. Bradford.
  _Siluria_--Union Hill, Liberty No. 1.
  _Shelby_--Providence.
  _Long View_--Galilee.
  _Calera_--Moseley Chapel, New Mt. Moriah, Bethel.

Rev. D. L. Prentice, Aldrich, is doing a very effective work in the
school room, and the people of his town bear the marks of his pedagogic
labors. Their meetings, I mean associational meetings, are enjoyable
and they give evidence of piety, promise and power.

This body liberally aided in the purchase of Selma University, and has
ever been ready for any and every good work.


SOUTHEAST ALABAMA ASSOCIATION.

This Association operates in the extreme southeast portion of the
State. I have not been able to secure a full statistical table from
them.

They report thirty churches, with a membership of about 2,000. From a
mutilated copy of their minutes for 1892 the following names are given
as the ordained ministers of the body: J. Craddock, G. Christinar, J.
Stith, Thomas Slaughter, M. Spencer, E. P. Langston, J. Cotton, E.
Alford, T. Rollins, A. L. Koonce, J. C. Green, Wm. Carter, A. Powell,
J. Foston, J. Sampson, James Humphrey, G. R. Hall, R. C. Liferedge, and
A. Turner.

Part of the statistical table is torn away, but the following appears
as the list of their post offices: Cowarts, Otho, Crosby, Balkum,
Headland, Gordon, Shorterville, Halesburg, Zornville, Hardwicksburg,
Brackins, Choctawhatchie, Columbia, Lawrenceville, Abbeville, Fort
Gaines, Cottonwood, Dothan, Hilliardsville, Ashford. I give this list
because to know the post offices of the churches is better than to know
nothing at all. They are all right on temperance, and they say they
will license no man to preach who cannot read the New Testament.


SNOW CREEK ASSOCIATION.

Is chiefly located in Calhoun and Etowah counties. At present their
officers are as follows:

  Rev. H. W. Whatley, White Plains, moderator.
  Rev. William Munds, Anniston, assistant moderator.
  Prof. Lydden Green, Oxford, clerk.

This body was organized in 1869 by Rev. Burrell Snow (whose name it
bears) and a few others, aided by the late Rev. Mr. Jinkins, a white
Baptist minister, whose heart and hand seemed ever ready to help on
every good work among the colored people.

Rev. H. J. Hoke, the efficient missionary of Arkansas, went out from
this association. They have something above 2,000 members belonging to
the following churches:

Ohatchee, Ohatchee; New Mount Gilead, Markston; New Prospect,
Choccolocco; Oconee, New Hope, Oxford; Spring Hill, Bynum; Bates
Springs, Cane Creek, Greensport; Mount Olive, Oxanna; Mount Zion,
Coat’s Bend; Galilee, Friendship, Anniston; Bethany, Iron City; New
Mount Silla, Peaceburg; Shiloh, Dukes; Zion Hill, White Plains;
Antioch, Friendship, Gadsden; New Hope, First Colored, Jacksonville;
New Hope, Rock Run; Pleasant Gap, Stock’s Mills; Pine Grove, Knotville;
Bethel, Alexandria; Mount Sinai, Weaver’s Station; Patona, Piedmont;
St. Jacob, Tecumseh, and beautiful Borden Springs.

The following are the pastors: Revs. H. Middleton, J. J. Johnson, B.
Jackson, H. Green, Thomas Ivory, A. F. Alexander, T. L. Douglass, S.
Walker, J. S. Simmons, Gadsden; H. W. Whatley, White Plains; William
Munds, N. P. Pullum, Anniston; C. Pyles, Oxford; G. W. Brewton,
Alexandria; James Denson, Talladega.

These brethren are all O. K. on the leading issues of the day. Brother
Whatley is, in many regards, a very strong man, hospitable as a host,
and genial as a companion, a good citizen and successful business man.


SOUTHEAST DISTRICT ASSOCIATION.

Confined chiefly to Crenshaw county; was organized in 1879. The writer
has attended one of their sessions held east of Greenville, a few miles
from Luverne.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. James Barrett, Bolling; E. Dunklin, J. H. Henderson, Greenville;
M. C. Lowery, E. D. Wallace, Bolling; S. M. Ransom, Oak Streak; S. M.
Lowery, Salsoda; Bro. Walter Williams, Glascow and Bro. Henry McLain,
Oaky Streak.


POST OFFICES OF CHURCHES.

Luverne, Greenville, Glascow, Oaky Streak, Salsoda, Rutledge, Pontus,
Shell, Bradleyton, Pigeon Creek. They hope to begin a high school, for
which purpose they have raised about $300. It is to be hoped that they
will secure their money against loss. Far too many times money has been
raised for church and school purposes and put into the hands of men who
lost it (?) or loaned it out. Such loose management of funds destroys
the confidence of the people and injures the cause of Christ. I regret
to say that they, at the session referred to, did not unanimously
endorse the temperance movement of the day, though there was a strong
sentiment in the right direction. They number about 2,000 members.
I was impressed with the natural power of some of their leaders. In
their number I saw some rising young men, who I think will attain to
knowledge of books.


SPRING HILL ASSOCIATION.

Operating south of Montgomery, was organized in 1874 by Brethren W. W.
Lane, Lewis Witherspoon, George Jones, D. Carter, O. Blue, and others.


CHURCHES IN 1891.

  _Pine Level Post Office_--Spring Hill.
  _Woodley_--White Cloud.
  _Center Point_--Mt. Pleasant and Macedonia.
  _Helicon_--Mt. Gilead and Ramer.
  _LeGrand_--Little Roxanna.
  _Snowdown_--Snowdown Valley.
  _Meadville_--Pilgrim, Hickory Chapel, Galilee.
  _Pine Level_--Warrior Hill, Bethlehem, and Elizabeth.
  _Shellhorn_--Israel.
  _Montgomery_--Columbus Street Church, Baptist Lily.
  _Fitzpatrick_--Philadelphia, Mount Moriah.
  _Woodley_--Jerusalem.
  _Chambers_--Calvary.


MINISTERS.

Revs. S. Adams, T. Ervin, A. Garner, R. Borden, M. Jackson, F. Nichols,
William Rollins, William Day, O. Blue, J. Mitchell, W. Mullens, D. S.
Adams, I. Davis, John Smith, and E. M. Burkett.

Dr. A. J. Stokes, of Montgomery, has for several years been their
moderator. In the session of 1891 they rejected the temperance report;
but this year (1893) they vote by a large majority in favor of it. A
few, however, claim that they “have a right” to use alcohol if they
desire to do so. They have a membership of 5,000 or 6,000. A Rev.
Mr. Pollard has been in their employ as missionary, so the writer is
informed.


STAR OF HOPE ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1877 and operating chiefly in Wilcox county, presents the
following roll of churches:

Antioch, Magnolia, New Hope No. 2, New Hope No. 4, Ruk West, Emanuel
Street, and Union Baptist, Camden Post Office; Cedar Grove and
Starling, Furman; Little Rock, Tilden; Little Zion, St. Emanuel,
St. Peter, Nellie; Mt. Gilead and Magnolia, Bell’s Landing; Morning
Star and Shady Grove, Miller’s Ferry; New Hope No. 3 and St. Wisdom,
Canton’s Bend; New Hill, Butler’s Springs; Oak Valley, Monterey; Pine
Flat, Tinela; St. Francis, Caledonia; St. Peter, River Ridge. Antioch
of Camden, Cedar Grove of Furman, and Little Rock of Tilden, are the
oldest churches in this body, having been organized in 1868.

Their number is between 1,700 and 2,000. Their pastors are Revs. S. B.
McCall, George Earl, M. Boykin, V. Pruit, K. Wolfe, F. Williams, W. H.
Ray, Jr., L. D. Johnson, M. Lewis, L. Jefferson, S. Boyd, C. L. George,
J. C. Blackburn, John Poe, N. Hill, George Earl, M. Ervin, W. G. King,
J. A. Lawson. The venerable Henry Allen has been in this section as “a
father in Israel.”

They are trying to support a high school at Camden. Rev. J. A. Lawson
is especially active in educational matters, and all seem ready for any
and every good work.


TOWN CREEK ASSOCIATION.

Is a new body, organized in 1889. The minutes of 1891 give the
following:

Magnolia Church, Warrior Stand, Rev. E. Moore, pastor; Bethlehem
Church, Cotton Valley, Rev. M. Ellington, pastor; Sweet Pilgrim
Church, Union Springs, Rev. E. Thornton, pastor; St. Paul Church,
Cotton Valley, Rev. C. Johnson, pastor; Town Creek Church, Union
Springs, Rev. J. Germany, pastor; Antioch Church, Columbus, Ga., Rev.
E. A. McCall, pastor; Mt. Nebo Church,----, Rev. J. Germany, pastor;
Mt. Pisgah Church, Dick Creek, Rev. W. M. Walker, pastor; Perry Hill
Church, Warrior Stand, Rev. J. S. Tatum, pastor; Mt. Calvary Church,
Union Springs, Rev. H. Jones, pastor; Oak Grove Church, Cotton Valley,
Rev. Mac. Wright, pastor.

They have a membership of about 1,500.

Rev. E. Thornton, of Union Springs, is moderator, and E. A. McCall, of
Columbus, Ga., is clerk.

The writer has been unable to ascertain all desirable facts. Judging,
however, from the character of the men whose names appear in the
lead of their work, we may feel sure that they have organized the
Association in order to advance educational and missionary interests.

[Illustration: Rev. J. L. Frazier, Pastor St. Louis St. Baptist Church,
Mobile, Ala.]


UNION ASSOCIATION.

Was organized in 1874 of churches which seceded from the Alabama
District Association.

They have the following churches and ministers: Greenville--First
Colored, Pine Top, Salem, Old Elm, Pine Level; Pineapple--Arkadelphia,
New Virgin; Monterey--Ridgeville, Spring Hill, Mt. Moriah, Rosemary;
Bugville--Friendship; Dunham--Long Creek; Simkinsville--Pleasant
Hill; Starlington--Pine Level; Allenton--Siloam and Mt. Zion;
Minter--Hopewell; Pleasant Hill--Good Hope, Cedar Grove; Snow
Hill--Shiloh; Georgiana--Friendship; Furman--Antioch; Manningham--Mt.
Olive; Luverne--New Hope; Daisy--Union; Vidette--Star of Hope; New
Providence--Mt. Ida; Farmerville--Cedar Grove; Oakfield--Oakfield;
Forest Home--Rockwest; Sepulga--Spring Hill; Camden--St. Mary. Rev. J.
Nichols, Greenville, is moderator; Rev. J. W. Smith is treasurer, and
Mr. I. N. Carter, of Monterey, is clerk.

Their sessions are rather stormy, as may be said of other bodies.


LEADING MEN.

Revs. L. Adams, H. Thompson, I. Young, W. Morast, S. Albrighton, J.
Beverly, Q. C. Craig, J. Scott, L. McKee, W. Anderson, J. Barrett, G.
Pugh, J. Henderson, S. Skanes, R. Palmer, E. Perdue, M. McLowery, J.
Ricks, J. Moss, E. Wallace, E. Stallworth, William Scott, E. Pickett,
J. Blackman, R. C. Crane.

Prof. I. N. Carter is a strong man in this body, whose confidence and
good will he seems still to hold. They have many naturally fine young
men, but they need a school very much.


UNIONTOWN ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1872 by the late Revs. Henry Stephens, John Dosier and
John Blevins, is reported to be next numerically to the Alabama
District, containing a membership of about 11,500. They raise annually
for general purposes from $200 to $400. Their “Statistical Table” gives
the following list of churches and ministers:


POST OFFICES AND CHURCHES.

Selma--St. Philip Street, Tabernacle, Mount Zion, Little Rock, St.
Paul, New Center, Mount Ararat, Beach Island, Everdale, Providence,
Elbethel, Mount Zion; Newbern--Newbern, Holly Chapel, Oak Grove;
Greensboro--St. John, St. Peter, St. Paul, Mount Moriah, Willow
Springs, Salem, Pleasant Grove, Mount Zion; Safford’s--New Hebron,
Mount Lebanon, Concord; Boiling Springs--First Baptist, New Boiling
Springs; Hamburg--Green Liberty; Brown’s--Trinity, Good Hope;
Sawyersville--Bethlehem, Springfield, New Hope; Perryville--Pleasant
Hill, Perryville; Uniontown--Mount Calvary, Woodlawn, St. James,
Uniontown; Kimbrough--Jerusalem; Prairie Bluff--St. Mitchell;
Catherine--Salem, Dixon Grove, Mount Olive; Marion--Second
Baptist, Springfield, Willow Grove, Hopewell, Bethel, Eagle Grove;
Lamison--Macedonia; Scott’s Station--Green Leaf, McKinley, Bethel Hill;
Faunsdale--Faunsdale, Camden, Rehoboth; Summerfield--Macedonia,
Orrville, Peace and Love; Alberta--Macedonia, Christian Light;
Felix--Center, Bethany, Marion Junction, Pernell, Colerine, Shiloh;
Pleasant Hill--Bethel, Whitsets, Pickens.


MINISTERS.

Selma--Revs. C. J. Hardy, I. T. Simpson, D. M. Coleman, L. J. Green,
G. H. Hobdy, Q. C. Craig, C. J. Davis, J. B. Russell; Newbern--W.
H. Reddick, G. Frost. W. H. Huckabee; Greensboro--Wm. Madison, P.
Cottrell, P. Umphrey, S. Abrams; Marion--C. S. Dinkins, D. D., A.
Billingley; Uniontown--Rev. A. F. Owens, H. Alexander, Wm. Boon;
Faunsdale--F. A. E. Beck; Gallion--P. S. L. Hutchins, A. M.; Marion
Junction--A. W. Ragland; Hamburg--Y. R. White; Prairie Bluff--W. H.
Green; Boiling Springs--E. Slone; Kimbrough--A. Gladen; Camden--J. A.
Lawson; Lamison--R. Estridge; Brown’s Station--W. L. Lawson; Pleasant
Hill--J. R. Scott; Perryville--R. Z. Deyampert; Sawyersville--I. J.
Jones; Orrville--G. M. Jones; Post Offices unknown--R. Christian, J. G.
Flood, L. E. Hobson, A. Gladen, W. W. Richardson, R. T. Bowden, E. C.
Borroughs, W. H. Hatcher, G. M. Jones, G. King, and others. This body
has quite a number of pastors from Selma University.

Too much cannot be said in praise of these brethren for the manner in
which they have stood by the Selma University under all its changes.
And yet we would have been surprised if such a grand set of men as
lead this body should have acted otherwise. Rev. J. Dosier, quite an
old man, reads Greek fairly well. Rev. C. B. Davis is a young man of
much ability and promise. Rev. F. A. E. Beck appreciates the value of
education, is a natural magnet, and draws the people after him. Rev. A.
W. Ragland is loved by all for his brotherly, quiet manners. But space
fails me or I would speak of Revs. Y. R. White, R. Z. Deyampert, J. R.
Scott, and others, who are pillars in this organization.


SALEM MISSIONARY BAPTIST CHURCH, GREENSBORO.

The white Baptists had for many years prior to the late war a
prosperous church at this place, with a large membership of white
people and colored people--the slaves of their masters. Just about the
time of the war the larger portion of the white membership moved away,
and from one cause and another, the close of the war found but a few
white members remaining, but a large colored membership.

The white members, to whom the property belonged, sold the building and
donated $2,000 of the proceeds to the colored members for them to build
a church with. This church is the same church that the white people had
organized more than fifty years ago.

Rev. H. Stephens was the first pastor of the colored congregation,
after they moved their church site, and was pastor for twenty years.

Rev. L. J. Green was pastor for about four years, and Rev W. M.
Madison, the present pastor, has been there five years, has built a
nice parsonage and greatly increased the membership.

There were 300 members (colored) when the church moved to its present
site. They have now a membership of 800.

This is the mother church of nearly every church in Hale county and
they have a great many large and prosperous churches in the county. The
church property is worth $2,500.

This is saying good things for the white Baptists of Greensboro.
Deacon Dock Lane, one of the most honorable and consecrated among men,
deserves mention as a pillar in this church. Among the leaders of this
church appears the name of Mr. A. Wimbs.

Desiring to make honorable mention of this worthy young man, I
requested of him something of his history, and he sends me the
following:

“I was born in Greensboro, Ala., September 23, 1860. My mother was
named Josephine; she was brought from Washington and sold to Mr. A.
L. Stollenwerck, of this town. My father was named Addison Wimbs
and resided in Washington; he was a slave on account of his mother
being a slave, but his father was a free man, and had bought nearly
all of his children and sent them to Canada. What education I have,
I received at the town school here--Tullibody Academy--under the
management of Prof. W. B. Patterson. I have served my church in the
capacity of superintendent of the Sabbath School and clerk of the
church; was secretary of the Sabbath School Convention of the Uniontown
Association; am a member of the Executive Board of the Convention. I
was at one time editor of a small paper here called the _Voice_.

“I have been for many years the bookkeeper and general clerk in the law
office of Governor Seay. I was, I am quite confident, the first Negro
in Alabama, if not in the entire South, to operate on the typewriter,
and now I think, I am the first Negro to manage the Edison phonograph
for busi-purposes.”

I know of no ex-slave and ex-slaveholder, between whom there is more
confidence on one side and high regard on the other, than exist between
Governor Seay and Addison Wimbs. This means for Brother Wimbs quietness
of spirit and solid worth, as well as a conservative, genial soul in
Governor Seay.


THE ST. PHILLIP STREET CHURCH, SELMA.

This church was organized about the year 1845. The church was composed
of the white membership and the church which was composed of the
colored membership, agreed to build together, with the understanding
that the former should occupy the upper story and the latter should
occupy the basement. This agreement was kept until some time after
the close of the war, when the white brethren bought the claims of
the colored church, paying $2,000 for possession of the basement.
Their first colored pastor was the Rev. Samuel Phillips, a man who
had received his liberty as a reward for his services in the Mexican
war. Deacon A. Goldsby told the writer that Bro. Phillips was a very
earnest, worthy man. Nothing is known of the time and place of his
birth, and nothing special is said of his death.

The Rev. John Blevens, who was born in Madison county, Ala., was the
next pastor, and served from 1866 to 1878. Under his administration
the present property on St. Phillip street was obtained. The Rev.
Mr. Blevens was followed by Rev. G. J. Brooks, who, after a short
pastorate, resigned, and was followed by Rev. W. A. Burch, from
Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Burch gathered a larger congregation than any
other previous pastor, and did more than any other man in teaching the
people to give for the support of the church. After two years, he was
called to a pastorate in Boston, Mass., and was followed in the Selma
pastorate by the writer, who remained with the church during 1882-87.
Except the addition of about 350 members and the secession of the
Tabernacle Church, nothing transpired that merits mention. The writer
was followed by Rev. S. S. Sisson. At this writing, the Rev. C. J.
Hardy, late of Florida, is their successful leader, under whose strong
administration they have just completed a two-story brick structure on
Sylvan Street. Their property is worth not less than $20,000--finest
colored church edifice in Alabama.

It is worthy of mention and praise that the Selma University came to
its birth under the fostering care of this church. In the old frame
building on St. Phillip street the sainted Woodsmall began to turn upon
the negro Baptists of Alabama the morning light, the early dawning, of
our denominational school. And this church gave him quarters, fuel and
lights without money and regardless of costs, so that in May, 1878, it
was reported that the school had paid out nothing for these things.
What a good deed is set down to their credit on high! But, in addition
to this, they organized a missionary society, which gave regular
contributions for support of teachers and other workers in the school.

Deacon A. Goldsby related the following to the writer: “Forty or fifty
years ago we organized a prayer band to pray for our freedom. We met
outside of the little town, under a large oak tree, on every Friday
night. That we might know when a friend came beneath the tree, we
agreed upon a password, which was ‘The hindering cause.’ Each uttered
this softly as he came under the boughs of the tree, and was answered
by any other who had come ahead of him. Then he seated himself in the
bushes to await the hour for united supplications.”

If in years to come the University should desire a picture of itself
as it made its advent from the world of hope to the world of fact, it
may paint this: A frame structure, the roof of which is supported by a
row of upright posts extending the whole length of the building, which
is seventy-five or eighty feet in length. On the morning for opening,
there enters this building a white man, whose face bears signs of
suffering, but is all aglow with the rays of faith and love. He is the
faculty. Also, there enters a short, fat, brown-skinned young man, with
high, broad forehead. He has heard of the purpose to begin a school on
this day at this place, and, hungering for learning, he has come up to
enter. This teacher and this student usher in our beloved institution.

It was good for the denomination that our lot was cast among such a
people, and that we had in Bro. Woodsmall a man who did not faint in
“the day of small things.”

[Illustration: Rev. P. S. L. Hutchins, Pastor Churches at Newberne and
Gallion, Ala.]


WILL’S CREEK ASSOCIATION.

Organized in 1873, and operating in “Will’s Valley” and St. Clair
county, reports the following churches and ministers:

At Collinsville Post Office--Pleasant Grove Church; Lebanon--Lebanon;
Fort Payne--Fort Payne; Valley Head--Bethlehem; Attalla--Mt. Zion,
Pilgrim, Bethlehem; Keener--New Hope; Beaver Valley--Pleasant Hill;
Ashville--Mt. Zion; Springville--Springville; Whitney--Evergreen;
Guntersville--Bethlehem and Hooper Chapel; Trenton--Trenton; North
Alabama--Clogville. Rev. G. Neeley, Ashville, is moderator; Mr. J.
R. Dean, Ashville, is treasurer; and Prof. P. R. Sibert, Keener, is
secretary. Their pastors are: Revs. N. Kerley, R. Berry, M. Edwards,
of Fort Payne; G. W. Brewton, of Alexandria; H. Massey, J. Griffin, A.
Jackson, and James M. Stevens. They have about 1,500 members.

Elder A. Kerley and his brother are the chief founders of this body.
They greatly need an infusion of light from without. Rev. James Kerley,
the pastor at Springville, is an ex-student of Talladega College. While
they were in session in Ashville in 1892 the white people gave them the
use of their church, and pastors, mayor of the city, and other leading
people, turned out to encourage them and to financially strengthen
their enterprises. While there, a white minister related to the writer
the following story: “When the late Dr. Renfroe was a young man he was
very poor, though, as later in his life, he was a powerful preacher.
In the height of a glorious revival, the grass in his crop called him
to his field. A colored brother who wanted the meeting to continue,
requested his master to allow him to prolong the meeting. His master
replied: ‘Jim, you can’t read, you can’t preach.’ The slave replied: ‘I
can _plow_ and _kill grass_--can do these _for Brother Renfroe_.’”

       *       *       *       *       *

Gleaning from the associational chapter, we obtain:

1. The origin and field of each Association.

2. The names of the pioneers in each section in the State.

3. The location and something of the history of churches and
communities.

4. Something of the lines of thought and action prevailing in the
various gospel enterprises of the denomination.

It was not thought well to try to tell the same things many times over;
hence, some things are given in connection with _one_ Association and
other things in connection with _another_--all aiming at the same
end, namely: THE GIVING OF A TRUE PICTURE OF THE COLORED BAPTISTS OF
ALABAMA.

[Illustration: Rev. W. T. Bibb, A. B., Pastor Baptist Church, Oxmoor,
Ala.]




_IV. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES._


Adams, Rev. Stewart, of Greenville, Butler county, was the chief leader
and organizer in that section of the State for the first seventeen
or eighteen years of freedom. He was a pure-blooded Negro, and was
possessed of a fine personal appearance. His forehead was large and
broad, and the sparkle of his eye indicated the presence of mental
power. He could read and write fairly well, and in his speeches always
succeeded in conveying his thoughts to others. He was for some years
missionary in that part of the State under the American Baptist Home
Mission Society of New York, during which time he organized many
churches, which were united to form the Union Baptist Association.
His neatness in dress and caution in the use of words were everywhere
noticeable. It was sometimes thought that he was rather tenacious of
his opinions, but I think all his brethren credited him with honesty of
purpose, and hence he died in the love and respect of the denomination.


Allen, Rev. Wallace, of Greenville, was a very pious, hard-working
preacher in the Union Association. The young men delight to honor his
memory. The author has been unable to learn anything of his history or
lineage.


Anderson, Rev. N. P., is pastor at Ensley City.


Ashby, Rev. Nathan, of Montgomery, was born in Fredericksburg, Va.,
August 5, 1810. He knew nothing of his parents, and to the age of 16
he was under the care and direction of his grandmother. At this point
in his life he was sold, with some horses, to traders, who brought him
to Alabama. He says of this trip: “At first I was not aware that I was
sold, but thought (as I had been told so) that I was only helping the
man to put his horses well into the way. When informed that I was among
the stock sold, I wept bitterly at the thought that I could see my dear
grandmother no more. While in this state of grief, an old cake woman
came on, selling cakes. She, looking into my hand, professed to read as
follows: ‘Don’t cry, for you are born for good luck. The man who will
buy you will be more a brother than a master. Fear God and be obedient,
and you will do well.’ This counsel, no matter whence it came, removed
my fears, and I left off crying.”

When about 32 years of age he bought his liberty, paying for the same
the sum of $900. His good wife, Mrs. Nancy Ashby, had been freed a few
years before by a Mrs. Tate. Both being of an intellectual, industrious
and economical turn of mind, it was not long before they were well
under way to notoriety and prosperity. Touching her experience in
servitude, Mrs. Ashby tells the following: “When I was 16 years old,
my mistress, in urging me to be pure and faithful, promised that if I
would obey I should serve no one after her. So, when I was 24, she set
me free, giving me a daughter that had been born to me.”

Bro. Ashby was baptized by Mr. Shrovell in Monroe county, Ala., and
was ordained to the full charge of the gospel ministry just after the
close of the war, by Rev. I. T. Tichenor, D. D., and others. His labors
in the ministry, however, began about the year 1845, from which time
he increased in favor with God and man to the day of his death, in
1887. He led to the organization of the First Colored Baptist Church
(Columbus street) of Montgomery, in which, under his presidency, the
Colored Baptist State Convention was constituted in 1868. The last
seventeen years of his life he was an invalid from paralysis, and four
years of this time he was blind. During this time the writer frequently
visited him, and it would seem that his faith in God was mightier in
the days of his weakness than in the days of his strength. Heavenly
sunshine illumined all the way of the dark valley, even to the day of
his departure.

Bro. Ashby was a man of naturally fine parts. His sermons and speeches
were characterized by order, thought and doctrine. He was not an
emotionalist nor dreamer; with him Christianity was faith in the gospel
and right-doing. It affords the writer much pleasure to record that
each member of his family not only receives, but also contributes honor
to his valuable life and honored name.

Mr. Ashby was by trade a carpenter, by which means he was able to earn
fair wages, and was not long in coming into the possession of valuable
real estate.

In order to show the condition of a free colored man in Alabama prior
to the close of the late civil war, I submit a legal document here,
bearing upon the good man whose name is now before us:


A STRAW WHICH SHOWS THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND.

 “The State of Alabama, }
 Montgomery County.     }

 “Know all men by these presents, That whereas, heretofore, to-wit: on
 the 1st day of April, A. D. 1859, Charles T. Pollard sold and conveyed
 to Wm. B. Bell, as guardian or trustee for Nathan Ellis (now called
 Nathan Ashby), a certain lot in the city of Montgomery, State and
 county aforesaid, which is described in the deed of said Pollard as
 ‘Lots number three and four in square number fourteen, Scott’s plat,
 in the city of Montgomery.’

 “And, whereas, the said Nathan Ellis (or Ashby), is now capable in law
 of holding property in his own name, and desires to hold the title to
 said lot and premises in his own name; and the said William B. Bell
 also desires to relinquish and give up the duties and responsibilities
 devolved on him by the said deed as the trustee or guardian of said
 Nathan Ellis (or Ashby);

 “Now, therefore, in consideration of the premises and for the
 further consideration of five dollars, to the said Wm. B. Bell in
 hand paid by the said Nathan Ellis (or Ashby), at or before the
 sealing and delivery of these presents (the receipt whereof is
 hereby acknowledged), I, the said Wm. B. Bell, do hereby release,
 relinquish, transfer and convey by quit-claim unto the said Nathan
 Ellis (or Ashby), and unto his heirs and assigns, all my right, title
 and interest both at law and in equity of every kind or description
 whatever, in and to the said lot and premises herein above described.

 “In witness whereof, I, the said Wm. B. Bell, have hereunto set my
 hand and seal, this ---- day of January, A. D. 1872.

  “Attest:                       “William B. Bell.”

“A. R. Bell.”



This manuscript is recorded in “Book 4 of Deeds, page 314,” March 26,
1872.

NOTE.--Seven years elapsed after freedom was declared before Mr. Ashby
received from his “trustee” the transfer of his property. He had been
free ever since 1842, but his “trustee” must hold and manage both him
and his.


Archer, Rev. Maurice M., son of Mr. A. and Mrs. Mary Archer, was born
in Camden, Ala., in 1858. He and his parents were the property (?) of
Mrs. R. J. Adams. He entered the free public schools at an early age,
but did not long remain, because of his father’s death and because of
the demands made upon him as the eldest son in a large family. Mr.
and Mrs. J. S. McBryde, seeing that he was a very capable boy, kindly
aided him in his studies while he was in their employ. Thus he learned
to read and write. At 14 Mr. Archer left Mr. McBryde determined on
securing an education. Advancing by various means, he was soon able to
teach school. In November, 1881, he was baptized into Siloam Church
by Rev. A. Gould, which church he served as clerk and superintendent
of the Sunday School. Feeling a call to the ministry and desiring to
prepare himself for the same, he entered Selma University October,
1883, and passed the session of 1884-5, as he says starting with only
20 cents. By severe sacrifice, by push, pluck and self-reliance, he
pressed onward, till in May, 1887, he graduated at the head of his
class. He was ordained at Opelika, September, 1889, Revs. G. C. Casby,
C. R. Rodgers and others officiating. He has been principal of the
Auburn City School. Mr. Archer is one of our clearest thinkers and most
fluent speakers, and his language is especially good.


Barker, Joseph C.--This patient and cool-headed young man was born
December 20, 1863, near Laneville, Hale county, Ala. His parents,
Sherrod and Caroline Barker, are both living and members of the Spring
Street Missionary Baptist Church, Birmingham, Ala. They are living
monuments of temperance, patience and obedience. Young Joseph was sent
to school when still quite young. Filled with self, family and race
pride, and feeling grateful toward his parents for their strenuous
efforts to educate himself, his sister and brothers, and desiring
to help them in return, at their consent, he sought employment with
a benevolent merchant, who, after noting his higher qualities, gave
him every advantage and privilege available. After three years of
pleasant and profitable services, he left his beloved employer (Mr. J.
M. Manders), who gave him a final settlement accompanied by a worthy
recommendation and valuable presents. He is widely experienced in
mercantile enterprises.

He had two years experience on the United States jetty and log boats
under Capt. J. McKee Gould, who gave him such an honorable and
flattering recommendation as would have been more suitable for a pilot
than for a cabin boy. By studying at home and attending summer schools,
he was prepared to enter Selma University in the session of 1884,
remaining two scholastic years. Under President E. M. Brawley, D. D.,
he won a prize for map-drawing over forty-eight competitors. He has
taught successfully in the schools of Jefferson and other counties.
Was four years secretary of the Jefferson County Teachers’ Institute.
Re-entered Selma University in 1893, and won the only prize offered
for drawing over twenty or thirty competitors under President Dinkins,
D. D. He is now preparing specimens to exhibit at the Atlanta Cotton
Exposition in September.

He is employed by the Monarch Book Company, of Chicago, Ill. To know
him, is to know a man possessed of a great soul, affable, and naturally
gifted in making friends. He is a financier, and is rapidly acquiring
means. As an artist and penman, he is a prodigy. In the session of
1884 he was converted to the Christian religion, and was baptized in
the University pool by Rev. E. M. Brawley, D. D., and joined the St.
Phillip Street Baptist Church under Rev. C. O. Boothe, D. D. On removal
to Birmingham in 1886, he united with the Sixteenth Street Baptist
Church, of which Rev. Dr. Pettiford was pastor.

Last term, he was principal of the Oxmoor public school. He is now
corresponding secretary of the Mt. Pilgrim Sunday School Convention. On
all lines of manhood, Mr. Barker is a genuine success.


Barton, Rev. J. P., of Talladega, comes of Virginia parentage, and was
born in Colbert county, Ala., October, 1844.

In 1871 he united with the Little Zion Baptist Church in said county,
and was baptized by Rev. W. E. Northcross, of Tuscumbia. In 1877 he
entered the work of the gospel ministry in his native section, doing
valuable service within the bounds of the Muscle Shoals Association,
especially in line with the Sunday School work. He has led to the
organization of two Sunday School Conventions and eight churches, and
built five houses of worship. His speeches before our State Convention
have been largely conducive of the sentiment and system which have
given birth to our women’s work and State mission operations. He has
held official positions in connection with our State Convention and
University, and is now chairman of the Board of Visitors of the Colored
Deaf and Dumb Asylum of Alabama. He is easy in society and pleasing in
address. He carries the youth and the masses, and so uses everything at
his command as to impress one that he is an excellent general as well
as a successful pastor. He is full of movement and plan, and is quick
of discernment and clear in expression. He is a lover of science. He
obtained his education in the Talladega College. Mr. Barton says that
he owes much to his wife, whom the writer would honor as one of our
noble women. Mr. Barton is still full of life and growth.

Our general work has always found in Brother Barton a ready and
generous helper. He deserves credit for his industry and enterprise--in
material as well as in church affairs. He relates the following: “In
the winter of 1876-77 I chanced for the first time to meet the late
Harry Woodsmall in one of his Ministers’ Institutes. He remarked: ‘On
to-morrow we will discuss the subject of sanctification; and here is
a little book worth only 15 cents which will be of service to you.’ I
said to myself: ‘What is _sanctification_?’ I never heard of such a
thing before. I bought the book from Brother Woodsmall, and, coming
upon my subject, I read till late at night, in order that I might be in
line with things next day. When the hour came I was up on the subject
of sanctification, much to the pleasure of the teacher.”

Mr. Barton is ever ready to contend for his views, but is remarkably
free from bitterness in discussion, is hardly ever wrong in his opinion
on things, and is a remarkably winning preacher with the masses. Mr.
Barton is now president of our State Convention.


Bacotes, Rev. Mr.--As the Cyclopedia goes to press the Rev. Mr. Bacotes
comes to the charge of the Marion Academy and Marion Church. The writer
wishes he knew something of the history of one so much favored and so
highly recommended as Mr. Bacotes is. He has important trusts in hand.


Battle, Rev. Augustus A., of Hurtsboro, Russell county, the son of
Deacon A. A. and Mrs. Jennie Battle, was born in Tuskegee, July 4,
1860. As his parents were pious people, he was very early the subject
of religious impressions, which in 1881 culminated in a public
profession of faith in Christ. On the third Sunday in August he was
baptized by the Rev. Richard Lloyd, of Georgia. In the year 1879,
aspiring for a liberal education, he entered the Talladega College, in
which he graduated from the normal and the theological courses.

He is a young man of high moral tone, and his agreeable manners have
won for him many friends. At present he is pastor at Sylacauga, and
teacher of the city school in Talladega.

P. S.--Since the above was written, our good Bro. Battle has been
called to the Mt. Zion Church in Anniston, and under his industrious
and wise leadership his people have constructed a two-story brick
edifice. To do what he has done in these hard times, in the way of
raising and expending money, is to prove himself a man of no ordinary
parts. The writer has enjoyed the hospitality of his quiet Christian
home, where he has learned that the young minister has found helpful
companionship in the person of a modest, intelligent wife.


Batts, Rev. J. H., of Florence, is an aspiring young man, and is very
active in the enterprises of the Muscle Shoals Association and Sunday
School Convention. Evidently, he has not enjoyed early access to books
and schools, but his thoughts are orderly and clear, and he does not
hesitate to give expression to his views.


Beavers, Rev. Jasper, was born May 9, 1825, in St. Clair county, Ala.
His father and mother were slaves, and of course, he inherited their
lot. He now lives at Easonville, in the county in which he was born,
and is still a useful, as well as a very pious man. In 1851, he was
baptized by the Rev. Jesse Collins (white), and in 1868 was ordained to
the work of the gospel ministry by Revs. Henry Wood, J. Collins and T.
Bush.

He was the first moderator of the Rushing Springs Association. In
spite of the laws of the master forbidding such things, he, in slavery
time, learned to read and write. By his industry and economy he has
obtained real estate worth about $2,000. Brother Beavers is a man of
fine personal appearance, is modest, genial, industrious, honest, firm.
In the early days of our work, there was no more efficient man in St.
Clair County than he. A large family of children are the support of his
old age.

Since the above was penned, Brother Beavers has passed to the world
that lies beyond. He was the most self-possessed and of the most
commanding figure of any man in the Rushing Springs Association,
though no man among them was more modest and humble.


Belle, Rev. John, of Courtland, was born in the State of Georgia
and came to Alabama after the close of the war. He says: “In Stuart
county, Ga., in the first part of 1861, I followed the white preacher
to his different preaching stations, and he would preach to the white
people in the morning and I would speak to the colored people in
the evening. I could not say anything about Moses and the children of
Israel.

“I went on preaching without any trouble for some little time, till at
last, as I could read a little, it was decided that I should be hung.
As I was ready for execution, and as I was praying God for help, a
dispute arose between the white people which resulted in my release. I
again went on, till on one occasion when I had displeased my mistress
with reference to some garden work, and when, as she started to strike
me with the rake, and I fled, she reported to her husband that I had
tried to kill her and that she only saved her life by running into
the house out of my reach. Of course, it was decided at once that I
ought to and should die. On the night before I was to be executed, the
lady became very ill and owned that she was only angry with me for
getting out of her way, and that I had done nothing. She died that
night. However, her dying words had set me free and so I returned to
my work for God, feeling that I could not die till my work should be
accomplished.”

Brother Belle has labored in different States, but his principal labors
have been in Northern Alabama, where he has been one of the chief
organizers of our work in this section, beginning his operations here
in 1868.

It appears that Brother Belle was ordained in Helena, Ark., sometime
in 1867, the late Rev. J. T. White, who was then pastor of the First
Colored Baptist Church, being one of the officiating presbytery.

He is still a strong man. For several years past he has been pastor
at Iuka, Miss., and of the Red Bank Church in Lawrence county. His
pleasant manners have always made him an agreeable companion to his
brethren.

[Illustration: Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, Birmingham, Ala.]


Belser, Rev. S. L., pastor of the First Church, Bessemer, deserves the
respect and love of the denomination for his beautiful brotherly spirit
and unassuming manners.


Berry, Rev. G. W.--Although this good man is no longer among us, his
name is still fragrant with his exalted faith and pious life. Like his
stay on earth, his stay in Alabama was short, but useful and endearing.
He was the son of Pickens and Mary Berry, and was born in Edgefield
county, S. C., in 1859. Having studied some time in the Benedict
Institute in that State, he, after doing some effective work in that
State, came to Alabama to take the pastoral oversight of the church
in Eufaula. Here it was that after a short illness he exchanged the
cross for the crown, singing as his soul retired from the earth, “My
Lord calls me and I must go.” To know him was to love him, for his
gentleness of spirit was beautiful to look upon.


Betts, Rev. J. W., of Huntsville, Ala., son of John and Edith Betts,
was born June 4, 1851, near Courtland, in Lawrence county, Ala. In the
fall of 1873 he was baptized into the Courtland Church by the Rev.
Gabriel B. Johnson. Brother Betts is among the younger men of the
Muscle Shoals Association. He is a clear thinker and a lover of books.
He is a business man, industrious and economical, and does not live of
the donations of his people, but the labors of his own hands. His style
is rather didactic for the masses, but it is plain and his doctrine is
in line with the teachings of the “Good Book.”


Berry, Prof. J. S., son of Jack and Clara Berry, of Uniontown, is one
among the most proficient Sunday School workers in Alabama. He is
president of the Sunday School Convention of the Uniontown Association.
His happy, unselfish spirit fills all his work with pleasantness and
sunshine. He is now about 35 years of age.


Blevins, Rev. John, long the leading man and pioneer of Dallas county,
the first pastor of the St. Phillip Street Church after the close of
the war, was for his opportunities and times a very strong man in
the work of organization. May it ever be told of him that he led his
people--his church, to become the foster mother of Selma University in
the time of its infancy and weakness. This fact is one of the brightest
spots upon his memory, and should never be forgotten.

The buildings in which the St. Phillip Street and the Green Street
Churches now worship were built by Mr. Blevins. He died eight or ten
years ago at the age of 65.


Bibb, Rev. Wm. T., son of Linzy and Caroline Bibb, was born in
Montgomery, Ala., in 1853. Brother Bibb is one of the most worthy of
our rising young men. He is not noted for brilliancy, but for constant
application in the race for knowledge, for pushing things to a finish
in search for truth, for the purest life and loftiest piety, he is
hardly to be excelled. Already he has been entrusted with various
pastorates, including one at Marion and another near Birmingham. I
had the best opportunity to learn him while I was pastor at Selma.
Here he was superintendent of my Sunday School and aided me in my ward
prayer-meetings. He completed two courses at the Selma University,
graduating with the title of A. B., and with the highest confidence
of all the faculty. In looking upon his open countenance one
instinctively feels the impress of an honest, earnest man--a man free
from hypocrisy and guile.


Bradford, Rev. William C., pastor of the First Colored Baptist Church,
Union Springs, son of Henry and Elizabeth Bradford, was born in
Montgomery, Ala., in 1862. His early years were spent in the Swayne
school in said city, in which he succeeded in laying the foundation
of a liberal English education. In his eighteenth year, and two years
after his father’s death, he was baptized into the fellowship of the
Columbus Street Baptist Church, Montgomery, by the late Rev. James A.
Foster. Feeling a call to the work of the gospel ministry, he, with
a view to fitting himself for this solemn charge, entered Atlanta
Theological Seminary. In school as well as out among his brethren, he
has managed to occupy a place with those who formed the van.

In the person of his good wife, once Miss M. H. Allen, of Georgia
(daughter of Rev. T. M. Allen, ex-member of the Georgia Legislature),
whom he wedded in 1884, he has found happy and efficient help in his
studies as well as in his calling. For a while Mr. Bradford followed
the tailor’s trade, but at the call of the Gilfield Church in Wetumpka,
the Dexter Avenue Church, Montgomery, in 1886 set him apart to the
work of the gospel ministry. At Wetumpka he built a church edifice
worth about $700. While pastor at Clayton he led to the erection of a
building worth $1,000, and just now is rejoicing with the good people
of Union Springs on his entrance into the new brick structure which was
dedicated on the second Sunday in October, 1892. He was principal of
the city school while in Clayton, and now holds several positions of
honor and trust. Mr. Bradford is one of the strongest and is among the
most successful young men in Alabama. His affable manner commends him
to all. He is now at Tuscaloosa.


Brooks, Rev. G. J., of Selma, Ala., son of Joseph and Nancy Brooks,
was born in 1830 near Richmond, Va., in which city he lived till his
eighteenth year, when he was carried to New Orleans, La., and from
thence to Texas. 1849 was spent in St. Louis, Mo., and in 1850 he was
brought to Huntsville, Ala. In this same year he was baptized into the
Primitive Baptist Church of Huntsville by Rev. Wm. Harris (colored).[1]
Of this period of his life Mr. Brooks says: “By the will of a Mr.
Kenedy I was left free, but as the administrator of the will, a Mr.
Clark, refused to execute this point in the will, I remained a slave.”
In 1867 he united with the Marion Church, under the pastorate of the
Rev. James Childs. Near this town he taught school, till in 1872 he
went to Kentucky, where, in 1873, he was ordained to the work of the
ministry. After serving various offices in the work in Kentucky, he
came to Selma in 1875, where, after a few years, he became pastor of
the St. Philip Street Church. By the assistance of the white family he
learned to read at the age of 14. In Marion he extended his studies
under Prof. Card, and under Presidents Woodsmall, McAlpine and Brawley
he further prosecuted his studies in the Selma University. Brother
Brooks has held various offices of trust under the State Convention and
the Uniontown Association. His health is now rather below his usual
strength, but his love for the Master’s cause seems nothing abated. His
wife, Mrs. Anna, is among the leading women of Alabama.

[1] It appears that this denomination, Primitive Baptists, had some one
or two ordained colored ministers.


Brown, Rev. Lewis, of Epes, Sumter county, was born near St. Louis,
Mo., March 23, 1835, and came to Alabama in his tenth year. He united
with the church in 1863, and was baptized by a Mr. Edmonds into the
fellowship of the Jones’ Creek Church, by which church he was called to
ordination in the fall of 1868. The chief persons in the presbytery
were Revs. Abner Scarber (white) and Mr. Wright. Mr. Brown’s main
pastoral charges have been Jones’ Creek, nine years; Sumterville,
thirteen years; New Bethel, thirteen years; and Mount Olive, four
years. He has long been moderator of the Bethlehem Association, and
is known and recognized as a firm and tried friend of education and
missions; and his children give evidence of pure and wise aspirations.

Mr. Brown was married to Mrs. Elizabeth Brown, a slave girl on the same
plantation with himself, in 1852. Seven sons and one daughter are the
fruit of the marriage. He is a very industrious and economical man,
and has possession of valuable property, worth $15,000. Seven or eight
hundred acres of his farm once formed part of the plantation on which
he (with 500 others) worked as a slave till 1865. He says that his
master, Mr. Brown, was a Christian, and that after the close of the war
this plantation gave to this county most of its religious leaders.


Burwell, L. L., M. D., the son of Charles and Amanda Burwell, was born
in Marengo county, Ala., October 25, 1867. At the age of seven years he
was given to his brother, Charles A. Burwell, of whom the Doctor says:
“To him my success is largely due.” For quite a while he lived with
this brother on a farm in Perry county. He attended the county schools
till he entered Selma University in the winter of 1883-84. His love for
books and his quickness of apprehension were early manifestations of
native talent which, if properly cultivated, would unfold to his own
honor and to the profit of his people. Each vacation found him upon the
farm, earning money with which to re-enter school. During his entire
course at Selma University his mother was able to spend upon him but
$30. In 1886, he graduated from the above named school with the honors
of valedictorian, and in the fall of the same year he entered Leonard
Medical College, Raleigh, N. C., to take a course in medicine. The
course extended through four years, but he completed it and received
his diploma at the close of the third year, again receiving the honors
of valedictorian of his class. In 1889, he passed an examination before
the State Board of Medical Examiners of Alabama, and began the practice
of medicine in the city of Selma, where he now resides amidst many
friends, a paying practice, and a successful drug business. Commencing
without a dollar, he has saved from his income about $4,000. In school
he was called artist, orator, scholar. He says: “As a doctor I have for
my motto: _Crurare Cito_.”


Brown, Rev. R. E., of Selma, the pushing, energetic leader of several
associations, deserves honorable mention as a man of pluck and push--a
man of courage and observation.


Bynum, Rev. Henry, of Leighton, Ala., was born in Baltimore, Md.,
January, 1820. In 1851, in Colbert county, Ala., he was led to
exercise faith in Christ by the humble conversation and pious life of
a fellow-slave by the name of Isaac. As his master did not believe in
the Bible and its Christianity, his baptism was delayed till 1854. In
1867 he was set apart to the office of the gospel ministry by two white
ministers, one of whom was Dr. Joseph Shackelford, of Trinity, Ala. He
and Rev. Steven Coleman were the first ordained colored preachers in
northern Alabama. He was married the first time in 1857, but his family
were soon taken from him and he has never seen them since. His present
wife is a most excellent lady, and affords him that help which only a
good woman can bestow. He has good property, and he and his wife keep
one of the most hospitable homes in northern Alabama. Bro. Bynum was
the first colored minister in this section to administer the rite of
baptism. He is now awaiting his change with triumphant hope, and still
enjoys fair health.


Caddell, Rev. Perry, pastor in Shelby, Ala., son of Edmond and Edie
Caddell, was born September 9, 1859, in Centreville, Bibb county, Ala.
He was baptized into the Bethel Baptist Church, Calera, by Rev. John
Trainholm, in February, 1873, and was set apart to the work of the
gospel ministry, December, 1877, by Revs. Henry Wood and Mack Jackson.
He learned his letters at the age of 12 years, and, though he has never
had any help from teachers except such as he could get at night school,
he has been a steadily growing man till the present time. He feels that
he owes his beginning in letters to his mistress (Mrs. Caddell), who,
after the close of the war, taught him to read, and to write his name.
Of his father he says: “He was, no doubt, a believer; but in slavery
time he refused to unite with the church for the reason that he felt
that master and slave all the week could not be brothers on Sunday. And
after the close of the war, he would not join for the reason that there
was no colored Baptist church near his home.”

Bro. Caddell is an exemplary man in his family. I have found no family
where the mother and children study the Word of God with more system
and regularity. He has a ready command of language, both in speech and
with pen, and is sociable and genial everywhere.


Capers, Rev. J. R., of Elyton (since gone to Oklahoma), was born in
Camden, S. C., April 22, 1828. In 1845 he was baptized into the Marion
Baptist Church (white) by the Rev. Mr. Devotie, and in 1869 he was
solemnly set apart to the sacred office of the gospel ministry by Revs.
Henry Wood, of Talladega, and Arthur Hall, of Jonesboro. He, with Revs.
W. H. McAlpine, Berry Ware, Jasper Beavers, and others, organized
the Mt. Pilgrim Association, in Mt. Pilgrim Church, in 1868. Of this
association he was the moderator for eleven years. Bro. Capers is known
among his brethren and neighbors as an intelligent, industrious,
thoughtful, faithful, Christian man and earnest gospel preacher. He
is a successful carpenter, and by industry, skill and economy has
attained to the possession of a good deal of choice property. No doubt
he owes much to his good wife, whom he married in 1850, and by whom he
has a large family of thrifty children. Bro. Capers was an organizer
in the Jefferson county work, and has left the impress of his decided
character upon the workers of this section. He is now in Oklahoma
Territory.


Chapman, Rev. F. A., of Flint, Morgan county, Ala., was born in the
county and State in which he now lives, November 12, 1843. In 1861 he
was baptized into the Sand Hill Church by Rev. M. A. Verser, and in
April, 1868, he was set apart to the work of the gospel ministry by a
presbytery which was presided over by the brother who about eight years
before had administered the rite of baptism.

Mr. Chapman is one of the most sober, quiet, pious, earnest,
hard-working preachers in the valley of the Tennessee river. He aided
in the organization of the Muscle Shoals and Flint River Associations.
Most of his time has been spent in mission and pioneer operations. In
1868 he was wedded to Miss Alabama Garth, by whom he has a large family
of interesting children. Their home is a retreat for weary preachers
and a Christian example in their community.

In a speech which he made before our last State Convention, he
said: “The brethren ordained me in 1868, not because of my fitness for
the work, but in recognition of a necessity. There was need for a Negro
to baptize Negro believers, and I was chosen as an answer to this want
without any examination.”


Chandler, Rev. F. C., is pastor of Walnut Street Church, Rosedale, and
bears a good name.

[Illustration: Rev. S. L. Belser, Pastor Red Mountain Baptist Church,
Bessemer, Ala.]


Clark, Rev. Henry, of Opelika, son of David and Patience Clark, both of
Virginia birth, is one of the fathers of the work in Lee county.

Brother Clark was baptized at Auburn, Ala., by Rev. H. C. Toliver, of
Tuskegee, in 1860. He was set apart to the work of the gospel ministry
June 27, 1868, by Revs. W. E. Lloyd, D. D., and Thomas Glenn, since
which time he has been busy going about and doing good. He has been a
harmless, industrious, pioneer preacher, laying foundations upon which
others have builded. He is a tried and faithful friend of missions and
education. The writer has always felt that his every pledge was worth
every cent it promised. Notwithstanding he has had no educational
advantages, still he has, by study of books and by association with men
of letters, obtained no inconsiderable store of knowledge.

The churches of Lee county and the Alabama Association owe much to the
faithful, efficient labors of Brother Clark. His loving heart ever
adorns his face with the smiles of peace and good will. Truly, he is a
harmless man, ever ready to do a brotherly deed.


Colley, Rev. Moses, of Talladega, son of Rev. Boney Sawyer, who
was a preacher over fifty years ago, is about 55 years of age. He
has never had any school advantages, but has attained to a fair
knowledge of books. He is a remarkably clear headed man, dignified and
self-possessed. Mr. Colley is a hard working, successful farmer, and
by this calling, he has obtained a comfortable support for himself and
family. He was baptized by Dr. Renfroe in 1856, and was ordained to the
ministry in 1872. He held several important pastorates in Talladega,
and was once moderator of Rushing Springs Association. He is guarded
in speech, but his manners are always affable. No act of folly or
crime mars his good name. For many years he has held the pastorate at
Mardisville, where he is esteemed no less for his piety than for his
sound doctrine.


Collins, Rev. Asa Cyrus, of Hazen, Ala., was born November 1, 1861, in
Dallas county of this State. Lost both parents at the age of 8 years.
Was baptized by Rev. A. Waller in his sixteenth year, and soon began
preaching. In September, 1881, he was officially set apart to the work
of the gospel ministry. Mr. Collins has been pastor at various points,
and is held in high esteem by his brethren. For several years he has
been moderator of the Dallas County Association, over which he presides
with credit to himself and with pleasure to the body. Brother Collins
is still a rising young man.


Curry, Rev. J. C., of Mount Meigs, Montgomery county, the son of Rev.
Philip and Venus Curry, was born in Marion, Ala., October 17, 1852.
He was baptized at Felix, Ala., by Rev. D. R. Willis in 1873. On the
occasion of his call to the pastorate of the Friendship Church, Shelby,
Ala., he was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry by Revs. P.
Caddell, M. Jackson, and Henry Scott. Mr. Curry is liberally educated,
having been among the first students of Selma University. He is a
close, clear thinker, a forcible speaker and a good preacher. He has
been pastor at Shelby, pastor of the Dexter Avenue Church, Montgomery,
and is now pastor at Mt. Meigs and Tuskegee.

At different times he has been engaged in the newspaper business;
and I am informed that he is now assisting Prof. B. T. Washington
in collecting certain statistics for the Tuskegee school. Mr. Curry
is a man of rare energy and will force, and being endowed with good
intellectual gifts there is no reason why he may not become one among
the strongest men of the State.


Curtis, Hon. A. H., of Marion, Ala., was born in Raleigh, N. C.,
December 29, 1829. He came to Alabama in 1839 with the Haywood family.
He was the property (?) of E. Haywood, and served as a waiting boy in
the store of Stockton & Hunt for many years. He moved to Marion in
1848 and was the body servant of R. T. Goree for two years. After this
he was barber for some years. Succeeding by industry and economy in
obtaining some cash, he, in 1859, paid Mrs. E. Haywood $2,000 for his
freedom, and during the same year went to New York and was emancipated.
After the war he engaged in mercantile pursuits and the barber
business. In 1870 he was elected to the lower house of the General
Assembly of Alabama, and in 1872 he was elected State Senator from the
Twenty-second senatorial district. No other colored man ever presided
over the Senate of Alabama. He was connected with the legislature
of the State for eight years, and not only enjoyed the respect of
his fellow legislators of all parties but closed his service in this
connection with growing confidence in his integrity. He was baptized
in 1851. In 1850 his marriage occurred. His wife was a suitable helper
for him and is still alive enjoying the honors and success which
justly crown their offspring. The Curtis brothers and sisters are a
praise to their parents. The senator was a strong man in society, in
church, in State. He died near Marion, July 20, 1878, as the result of
a bruise from a fall from his buggy. Three of his sons are successful
physicians; two are north; Dr. A. J. Curtis is in Montgomery.


Davis, Rev. Philip, late of Talladega, was born in 1813, in the State
of Virginia, near the North Carolina line. He was baptized in 1841,
and about the year 1843 he began to speak to his neighbors of the
doctrines and hope of the gospel. Early in life he married, and became
the father of a large family. After he was brought to Calhoun county,
Ala., he continued his labors in the ministry of the gospel, as he had
opportunity, constantly increasing in favor with both God and man; and
this was true of him to the day of his death, which occurred December
30, 1881. I first met this pious man in December, 1875, in Talladega.
He was not a learned man, but he knew the holy scriptures, and was
wise in the things of salvation. The more he was known the better he
was loved; and his unassuming, gentle, chastened, self-forgetting
spirit, as exhibited at home and abroad, was simply charming. As I have
looked upon this unmixed, full-blooded representative of the Negro
race, arrayed in the beauty of the Christian spirit, I have felt proud
of him as a witness for my people. He was not fully installed in the
ministry until the close of the war. The late Dr. J. J. D. Renfroe was
the leading man in the presbytery who officially set him apart to the
sacred office. His last words were: “Like one of old, I have finished
my course and am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure
is come.” He left a pleasant home for his family.


Davis, Rev. C. M., of Flint, Morgan county, was born in the State of
Tennessee. He was led to faith in Christ and was baptized by the Rev.
F. A. Chapman. He says that his early life was rather wild, but when
his eyes were opened he turned with all his heart. In 1885, in May,
he was set apart to the ministry by Revs. F. A. Chapman and C. C.
Matthews. Mr. Davis is one among the most promising young men in the
Flint River Association. He is a discerning, aspiring man, who believes
in studying to know the truth, so that he may not have reason to feel
ashamed of his teaching, nor spend his time and energies without
producing effects. The writer had special opportunity to know him at
the State school, where the former was teacher and the latter was
student. He is clear-headed, kind and conscientious.


Dawson, Rev. Iverson, of Eutaw, is a man rich in natural endowments,
both of body and mind. Upon no man in Alabama has nature been
more profuse in the bestowment of choice gifts. He is tall, well
proportioned, kind hearted, genial, sociable, magnetic, clear-headed
and ever sanguine. He is, no doubt, the strongest man in the Bethlehem
Association, of which body he has been clerk for many years; and in
every section of the State, and in every phase of business, he is
recognized as a man of power and character. As a public speaker, he is
both pleasing and instructive.

The vote, which in 1887 retained our university at Selma, was largely
owing to his influence and labors.

Mr. Dawson has a pleasant home and an interesting family in the town of
Eutaw, where he now serves as pastor. His home is placed on the roll of
asylums for tired missionaries. He is a brave, fearless opponent and a
true and trusty friend. At this time, he is editing a paper in his town
in the interest of the republican party. The writer sincerely wishes
that every motion of his strong manhood might be laid wholly upon the
church’s altar, and that he could consent to leave the running of
political papers to others.


Dinkins, Charles Spencer, D. D., general Sunday School missionary
of Alabama for the American Baptist Publication Society, was born
September 15, 1856, near Canton, Miss. Mr. Dinkins never knew his
father, and his mother, Mrs. Sarah Dinkins, died when he was only 13
years of age. One year prior to her death, he was led to faith in the
salvation of God as presented in the gospel, under the preaching of
Rev. Jordan Williams, by whom he was baptized into the fellowship of
the Mount Zion Church, Canton, in the fall of 1868. For such a boy,
at such a time, to make the favorable acquaintance of such a man as
Mr. Williams, was a peculiar providence. As in the cases of Saul and
Ananias, and Philip and the eunuch, God brought the parties together.

Mr. Williams, perceiving the superior talents of the youth, privately
inquired of him whether or not he desired to educate himself, and when
the affirmative reply was obtained, he at once influenced his church to
provide the means.

On Friday night, January 28, 1870, Mr. Dinkins took the cars for
Nashville, Tenn., arriving at that point on Sunday morning. That day
he met the good Dr. Phillips, who cordially accepted him at once, and
remained his admiring friend to the close of his (Dr. Phillips’) long
and useful life.

In referring to his early life, Mr. Dinkins says: “When I was 9
years old, my mother bought me a blue back speller and taught me the
alphabet, which I learned in one night. My first teachers were Mrs.
and Miss Highgate, of Philadelphia, and Hon. J. J. Spellman, now of
Jackson, Miss. Before leaving the old plantation, I saw something of
the horrors of slavery, which I can never forget.”

At the age of 16 he began teaching, which work he pursued during
summer, returning to Nashville to continue his studies in the fall and
winter. He graduated from the classical course of the Roger Williams
University, Nashville, in the spring of 1877, as valedictorian of his
class, among whom were Messrs. N. H. Ensley and H. M. G. Spenser. In
1878 he returned to take a post-graduate course and was appointed a
member of the faculty. In the latter part of this same year he entered
Newton Theological Seminary, near Boston, Mass., where, during the time
of a full course, from which he graduated in 1881, he was associated
with some of the most prominent educators of the country. In this
course he took theology, church history, Hebrew, Greek, homiletics,
etc. How Mr. Dinkins was seen by this institution, the following story
may be allowed to signify:

Just before the death of Dr. Phillips, the writer met him in Nashville.

_Dr. Phillips_--How is Brother Dinkins?

_The Writer_--He is well and _doing_ well.

_Dr. P._--He is a very capable and worthy person. Dr. Hovey, the
president of Newton, said to me on one occasion when I asked after some
students who had gone from us to him, “Mr. ---- is very _sensitive_, but
Mr. Dinkins is very _sensible_.”

Dr. Dinkins has held various prominent positions, among which may be
mentioned: Member of the faculty of the State University of Kentucky;
pastor York Street Church, Louisville, Ky.; teacher of languages in
Selma University; pastor Second Baptist Church of Marion, Ala.; and
principal of the Marion Baptist Academy; and has been tendered the
presidency of the University of Kentucky, and many times he has been
earnestly solicited to return to the faculty of Selma University. His
examination for ordination before the ministers of Louisville, Ky.,
in 1883, was an occasion of much comment by both white and colored
pastors, in praise of his ability. The writer has had occasion to watch
him very closely since his entrance upon work in Alabama, and he does
not hesitate to write that Charles S. Dinkins, in point of scholarship,
industry and high sense of honor, is not excelled by any man we have
had among us. In 1890 the State University of Louisville, Ky., then
under the presidency of the late Dr. W. J. Simmons, conferred on him
the title of D. D. On the day which closed his twenty-fifth year, the
15th day of September, 1881, he was wedded to Miss Pauline E. Fears,
the friend and classmate of Miss M. A. Roach (now Mrs. M. A. Boothe),
by his fatherly instructor and faithful friend, Dr. D. W. Phillips.
The marriage took place in the Roger Williams University, Nashville,
Tenn., a school of which they are both graduates. Perhaps some future
historian will write of Mr. Dinkins: “An eventful life, not the least
eventful point in which is the finding and wedding of a woman so well
suited to a man of such rare gifts.”

Five children--two boys and three girls--grace their home as the fruit
of the marriage.

Closing this sketch, the writer would remark that if Mr. Dinkins
has a fault, it may be described thus: _An exceeding tenderness of
conscience_, whereby one may be so entirely possessed by present views
of law and duty as to forget that new light and other views may modify
appearances.

P. S.--He is now the trusted president of Selma University, and none
of his predecessors have made, in the same length of time, a better
mark than he has made. His personality moves in lofty purposes and
is a source of pure thoughts and pious emotions which affect all his
surroundings.

[Illustration: Dr. U. G. Mason, Physician and Surgeon, Birmingham,
Ala.]


Dosier, Rev. John, the founder and for twenty years pastor of the
church in Uniontown, was a man of great moral worth. I once heard a
politician who was associated with him in the legislature of Alabama,
remark:

“John Dosier was an honorable man _everywhere_, and I never saw a man
who did not believe _every word he said_.”

He, like Mr. A. H. Curtis, passed through his political preferments
with stainless reputation.

He was a very old man at the time of his death, which occurred only a
few years ago. He was born somewhere near the beginning of the present
century. By some means he, during the days of his bondage, learned
to read Greek, which knowledge he turned to good results upon his
study and interpretation of the Scriptures. He was one of Alabama’s
most worthy pioneers. He was a temperance man. Upon one occasion in
a session of the Uniontown Association, some one complained that he
smelled a very disagreeable whiskey odor in the house.

Mr. Dosier remarked: “With the consent of the body I will find the man
who has been drinking.” It was agreed that he might make the search.
Accordingly, he passed from man to man, requesting that he might smell
his breath. He located the man, who, for lying about it, was excluded
from the body.

The writer never met a man for whose veracity he had a higher regard.


Donald, Rev. R., of Birmingham, was born in Alabama June 10, 1854. He
is the founder of the Tabernacle Church, Birmingham, and the builder of
the First Church, Pratt Mines. He has worked hard and sacrificed much
for the cause. His name will remain in many churches. He owes much to
his noble, patient wife.


Edwards, Rev. A. J., of Lowndes county, is a teacher as well as a
preacher, and in different sections of the State he has labored with
good results in the interest of morality, education and religion. Mr.
Edwards is blessed with much body as well as with much soul. Good
health and jovial spirits abound, and hence he is ever an enjoyable
companion. He is still a young man, full of manly pride, commendable
ambition, and a love for the pure and charitable, in view of which we
may hope that his day is only in its dawning, and that a brighter noon
and evening are before him.


Ellis, Rev. Henry, of Flint, Morgan county, son of William and Martha
Ellis, was born in May, 1856. He was baptized in 1871, and in 1875 he
was ordained to the ministry by Revs. Charles Davis and M. J. Hooks.
He is now pastor of St. Peter’s Church, which is composed of some of
Morgan county’s best citizens. He deserves special praise for his
attention to his Sunday School. Mr. Ellis also preaches to a church
near Courtland. This brother is a warm friend to missionaries and
delights to aid good causes.


Fisher, Rev. C. L., B. D., son of Alexander and Elizabeth Fisher,
was born in St. Bernard parish, twenty miles below New Orleans, La.,
February 16, 1866.

On the first Sunday in February, 1875, he was baptized into the
Broadway Street Baptist Church, New Orleans, La.

_Ordained_--He was set apart to the work of the gospel ministry by the
Second Baptist Church in Evanston, Ill., September 29, 1887, where he
was student-pastor.

_Educated_--He graduated from the college department of Leland
University, New Orleans, La., May 28, 1884, with the degree of B. A.,
and graduated from the Baptist Union Theological Seminary, Morgan
Park, Ill., May 5, 1887, with the degree of B. D. On May 27, 1891, he
received from Leland University the degree of Master of Arts.

_Positions_--In 1888 pastor of Mt. Zion Church, Little Rock, Ark. In
1889-92 he is teacher of languages and instructor of ministers in Selma
University, Selma, Ala. For the last two years of this time he is
pastor of the Tabernacle Church of the city of Selma. In the office of
State Sunday School Missionary, under the American Baptist Publication
Society of Philadelphia, he has for several years rendered very
profitable service for the Baptists of Alabama as well as Mississippi.
He has recently been recalled to the pastorate of the Tabernacle
Church, Selma.

Than is Charles Lewis Fisher, Alabama Baptists have no more thorough
scholar, profound logician and industrious pastor. His physical form
is a little frail. Should this not hinder length of days, early future
years must present him to the world as one of our greatest theologians
and metaphysicians. He is not less modest than he is learned, not less
benevolent and respectful than he is self-reliant and dignified.


Fykes, Rev. A. J., of Pratt City, is the much beloved pastor of the
Canaan Church, Bessemer.


Fluker, Rev. Solomon, of Sylacauga, Talladega county, was born in
March, 1833; was baptized in 1866 by a Rev. Mr. Smith (white), of
Talladega. He soon began to preach, and ere long he had become a
leading minister in his section of the country. For nine years he was
pastor of the church in his town. He is a very meek, unassuming man,
careful for the welfare of his family, and hospitable towards his
brethren. Of late he has been a great but patient sufferer, and hence
has been compelled to cease from active labors in the ministry. We owe
much of our success in this section of the State to the industry and
exemplary character of this faithful man. He has left the cross for the
crown.


Foster, Rev. L. P., of Selma, was baptized by Rev. Jerry Shorter in
Eufaula in 1876. Mr. Foster, some time after his marriage and mature
manhood, moved to Selma and graduated from the normal course of Selma
University. He is a stirring, industrious, self-reliant man, who
purposes to make his own way in the world without striding the back of
any other man. He has occupied different pastorates and has served as
missionary of the Eufaula Association. He has a comfortable home--free
of debt--and lends a helping hand to missionary and educational
enterprises.


Foster, Rev. James A., late of Montgomery, was born in the State of
Kentucky, in which he grew to young manhood. He died in the city of
Montgomery in December of 1891--died as he had lived, in love and
honor with men and in peace with God. Twenty-five of his fifty-four
years had been spent in the gospel ministry, from the sacred offices
of which he retired in great joy. He was ordained to the work of the
gospel ministry by Revs. I. T. Tichenor, D. D., Nathan Ashby and
Jacob Bellser, in the city of Montgomery, in the year 1867. His first
pastoral charge was the church at Mt. Meigs, which he served till he
resigned to accept the call of the Columbus Street Church in 1871. He
was the first recording secretary of the State Convention, and was the
next man to Mr. Ashby to preside over the Convention as president. He
was trustee of the State Normal and Swayne Schools, and moderator of
the Spring Hill Association.

Mr. Foster was a man whom nature had variously and richly endowed. Had
he possessed early educational advantages--advantages suited to his
rich natural resources--he would have held a place among the sons of
the giants. His sermons were always earnest, and frequently his vast
audiences were melted into weeping by a pathos that was as mysterious
as it was mighty. He was loved, honored, followed, and obeyed. In the
two churches in which he was pastor he, it is said, baptized 10,000
persons, married 600 couples, and preached 4,000 sermons. His loving,
courtly manners won and maintained for him such a tender regard as few
men ever possess. Nor was this confined to his own flock and race, but
it was shared more or less by the whole people, white and black. The
following will show something of his liberality:

      “Montgomery, May --, 1891.


 “_Dear Bro. Boothe_: On hearing that you need some money for your
 work, I look over my account with the Lord and find that I owe him
 five dollars. Enclosed you will find this amount. May God bless you.”

The last letter I received from him, one month before his death,
contained a donation to the mission work.

His wife says of him: “Some time before his sickness, he talked of
nothing but heaven. I could plainly see that his mind had left the
world. I tried to interest him in house and home affairs; but he would
talk of nothing but of God’s grace and of the home of the saints.”

He was a model husband and father, and is sadly missed from his home,
as well as from his church and community. A good man has gone from
labor to reward--from cross to crown. He was thoughtful of the welfare
of his loved ones, and hence carried an insurance on his life, the
payment of which has rendered them some assistance since his death.

He was one of the original incorporators of Selma University, and was a
life member of the Home Mission Society.

    “Servant of God, well done;
      Rest from thy sweet employ.”


Forbes, Rev. W. R., now of Columbus, Ga., is still associated with our
Alabama work. He is now about 37 years of age, is possessed of a fine
personal appearance, is affable, studious, sociable and industrious. He
is a Virginian by birth and came to Alabama in 1889 to begin work at
Clayton and Eufaula.


Franklin, Rev. Samuel, of Mt. Meigs, was born June 4, 1849. He was
converted to the Christian faith January, 1866, and ordained to
the work of the ministry March, 1876. Brother Franklin is among
the energetic enterprising men of his part of Montgomery county.
Notwithstanding he earns his living at farming, he is busy in the
interest of the affairs of the house of God. At present he is pastor at
Pike Road Church.

[Illustration: Rev. J. P. O’Riley, Trussville, Ala., Pastor Compton
Baptist Church.]


Franklin, Rev. William, of Mt. Meigs, was born October 30, 1852. He
was baptized by the late Rev. Washington Stevens, of Montgomery, July,
1871. He was ordained in 1881 by Revs. P. Lucas, W. Stevens and his
brother, Rev. Samuel Franklin.

He is a thoughtful, enterprising man, and has the pastoral charge of
several country churches. Being self-reliant, persevering, as well
as economical with time and means, he has risen somewhat above the
crushing heels of poverty and want. At the age of 25 years, he did not
know the English alphabet, but by persistent application to study, he
now reads and writes and keeps his own accounts.

His face bears those hospitable marks which make one feel easy and at
home in his company and restful amid his family.

On a trip to Mobile, our train stopped at the bridge of the Tensas
River to allow a freight train to clear the track. Mr. Franklin’s gaze
upon the bridge led the writer to think he was frightened. As the
freight train left the bridge, Mr. F. remarked: “If it will hold up
that train, it will ours, too.” I said: “Maybe that train has just put
it into the condition to let us through.” “Yes, and I’ll pull my shoes
off now in time to swim,” said Mr. F.


Freeman, Rev. James H., of Moulton, Lawrence county, is one among
the very worthy young men of our State. He has had comparatively no
advantages for learning, and yet his sober and comprehensive views of
life have spurred him onward in search of information, till now we have
but few young men in Alabama who use better language, have clearer
ideas of the Christian life, and make a more orderly speech than Mr.
Freeman. Better still, his neighbors speak of him as a _good man_--a
man whose conduct is a living epistle of the faith which he professes.


French.--Of the many substantial people of Talladega county who deserve
honorable mention, none are more worthy in all regards than the French
family. Messrs. Emanuel, William, and Prince French would be an honor
to any race of people, no matter what the degree of their civilization
and the purity of their moral culture. The two first named teach in
the public schools; the latter is a preacher, and all of them are
prosperous land owners, as well as faithful members of the Baptist
church.


Gachet, Rev. Adam, of Barbour county, Ala., was born in Randolph
county, Ga., March 10, 1837. At the age of 16 he was carried to the
county and State in which he now lives. His childhood was wholly
deprived of parental love and care, and he says he never knew anything
of a relative. Depressed by his loneliness, he early felt the need of
the friendship of God, which he sought and soon obtained, to the great
joy of his heart. With this sweet peace soon came an impression that he
was called upon to speak of this wondrous love to his fellow-slaves.
In April, 1854, he was baptized into Enon Church. On June 7, 1869, he
was set apart to the work of the gospel ministry. He is one of the
pioneers in the work of the Eufaula Association, having preached the
introductory sermon of the first session of that body. From the first
till now he has been a member of their executive board, and is now a
member of the board of trustees of Selma University. Notwithstanding
Bro. Gachet has had no educational advantages, he reads intelligently
and writes some. He has labored, and now labors, in some of the most
important churches in his section of Alabama. He is still active on all
lines of progress. He has a large family, who seem to do him honor.
Bro. Gachet is no more.


Goldsby, Alexander, was born February 6, 1819, in Edgefield district,
S. C. He came to Alabama in 1830. His father, who was a native African,
was born on the ocean while his mother was on her way to America. His
mother was born in Maryland. In 1844 he was baptized into the white
church at Selma, Ala., by the Rev. Mr. Collins. In 1845 he was ordained
to the office of deacon, in which position he served for thirty-eight
years. He was a very honorable man, and was not less respected by
the white people than he was loved and followed by his own. He was a
successful blacksmith, usually hired his time, and hence he was to
a very considerable degree his own master. In 1843 he married Miss
Nicey Goodwin, and a large family of children is the fruit of the
marriage. His massive head and deliberate manner, his strong will and
dauntless spirit, his good sense and genuine piety, made him a leader
of the people and a pillar in the house of God. A man more capable of
friendship at great personal costs, I have never known. Especially from
him, aided by Deacons Charles White, Nick Claiborne, Tall Underwood,
and E. Ross, our cause in Dallas county has risen up. At or near the
close of his seventy-third year, “Father Goldsby” bravely, triumphantly
and peacefully passed from the earth to that city which knows no night
and needs not the shining of the sun. He was one of the chief leaders
of the band which met on Friday night, near Selma, forty or fifty years
ago, to pray for freedom. His name is honored in his children.


Green, Rev. Lawson J., son of Lawson and Martha Green, was born near
Livingston, Sumter county, Ala., August 4, 1859. Though he was so
young, he says his heart still bears the impress of the horrors of
slavery. Under his father’s direction, he soon learned how to farm.
Notwithstanding the colored people of this county were greatly hindered
by the kuklux, Mr. Green utilized every educational facility within his
reach to attain to a knowledge of letters. After he had gone as far as
he could in the schools in and around Livingston, in 1879 he entered
the Selma University, then under the management of Rev. H. Woodsmall,
of Indiana. From this institution, he graduated in 1884 under the
presidency of Dr. E. M. Brawley. At different times and places he
has followed the work of teaching. He taught in his own county, was
principal of Tullabody Academy at Greensboro, was a member of the
faculty of Selma University, and was also of the faculty of the Baptist
Academy at Marion. His principal pastorates have been at Greensboro,
Ala., and Selma, of the same State. As Brother Green is full of good
health, pluck and mental energy, there is no reason why he should not
have a long and useful life as a Christian leader. He has held various
honorable positions in the general work, and is now secretary of the
Board of Trustees of Selma University.

P. S. He is now in Birmingham, pastor of the Spring Street Church and
principal of an independent school on the south side of the city.
He will long be a power in the denomination, if watchfulness and
temperance attend him.


Gulley, Daniel T., of Selma, son of John L. and Amy Gulley, was born
near Snow Hill in Wilcox county, Ala. He was the property of James
Gulley, whom he served as “waiting boy” till the close of the war.
Doubtless this position was favorable in the direction of refinement
and culture. A taste and relish for the study of books would naturally
come of such environments. Utilizing some school advantages which
came to hand, he soon, as the result of hard work, attained to such
a beginning in letters as enabled him to officiate as clerk of the
Antioch Church.

At the opening of Selma University on January 1, 1878, he, at 9 o’clock
A. M., was the only student on the ground. He completed a course in
this institution with the class of 1884. On the fourth Sunday in
February, 1873, he was baptized into the Antioch Baptist Church by the
Rev. Willis Stalworth. Here he served as clerk of the church and as
superintendent of the Sunday School. From the beginning, he has been
a substantial friend of ministerial education. He was ordained in the
session of the State Convention held in Selma in November, 1883, Revs.
M. Tyler, W. H. McAlpine, J. Dosier, E. K. Love, E. M. Brawley, W. R.
Pettiford, H. Stevens and the writer, officiating as presbytery. He has
held various pastorates and different positions in the general work,
and is now Sunday School missionary under the Publication Society.


Hampton, Rev. James, of Leighton, Ala., was born and reared near where
he now lives. On July 25, 1858, he began life’s journey a slave, in
line with the condition of his race. In 1869--in September--he was
baptized into the Mount Pleasant Church by “Father” Henry Bynum,
and on June 18, 1882, he was solemnly set apart to the work of the
gospel ministry by Revs. B. King, H. Bynum, O. Jackson and T. W.
Morris. Brother Hampton is one of the leading men of the Muscle Shoals
Association, and justly so, for added to his natural talent are many
graces of character which come only of labor, aspiration, study, faith,
and exalted purpose.

Without the aid of schools, he has attained to a creditable knowledge
of letters. He is a builder, an organizer, a pastor and business man.
With him and his family, the tired missionary may find a place for rest
and refreshment. He lives upon his own fruitful farm near Leighton, in
Lawrence county, and is a light which shines upon all the Christian
enterprises around him.


Hawkins, Prof. D. D., of East Lake, Jefferson county, deserves
honorable mention for his services for religion and education. The
people of East Lake are comparatively prosperous and progressive, and
to no man are they more indebted for this condition of things than to
Deacon and Professor Hawkins. As church officer and as school teacher
he has long and faithfully served his church and his community, and his
spirit and labors have been like the leaven which the woman hid in the
meal.

The writer has ever found him a quiet, industrious, hospitable brother,
with ready heart and open hand in support of every good work. He is an
honor to his school--Selma University.


Hall, Rev. S. M., pastor of the First Colored Baptist Church at
Warrior, Ala., is one of our most robust, handsome and spotless young
men. He was born in Walker county, Ala., October 26, 1867. Attended
the public schools of his community for five years. In October, 1885,
he joined the Oak Grove Church in Walker county, receiving baptism
the same month. He has attended the Birmingham Institute two years,
and has given three years to the work of teaching. He is one of those
jovial, happy, friendly souls which one always enjoys. His hard work
in the study of books shows that he sees and appreciates the value of
knowledge, and recognizes that there is no easy, lazy road to learning,
to culture and refinement.

[Illustration: Miss Ella Knapp, Missionary, Birmingham, Ala.]


Hawthorne, Rev. Lambert, of Evergreen, was born March 15, 1859, in
Pine Apple, Wilcox county, Ala. When he was only six years of age his
mother, Mrs. Sarah Hawthorne, died and left him and two other sons to
such cold charities as might chance to fall in their way. From the time
of his mother’s death till he was 18 or 20 he was an apprentice to
Col. J. R. Hawthorne, of his native county. This gentleman sent him to
school, sometimes paying $2 per month to his teacher, thus enabling
him in his early years to lay an educational foundation upon which he
has continued to build. As might be expected of any person possessing
his native talent and industrious turn of mind, he has successfully
drawn upon every literary opportunity that has fallen in his way, to
increase and beautify his store of knowledge and wisdom. He studied in
Talladega College, entering that institution 1875 and leaving in 1879.

In 1879 he was induced, doubtless by denominational influences, to
enter Selma University.

Both as teacher and as preacher he has been a very busy man. At
different times he has been principal of the city schools of Opelika
and Union Springs, and now he presides over the Evergreen High School.
His most prominent pastorates have been the First Church, Union
Springs, and the Bethel Church, Evergreen. For the latter church Mr.
Hawthorne is now completing a good church edifice. In 1873 he was
baptized at Pine Apple by Rev. W. Allen. In 1883 he was ordained to the
ministry in Opelika by Revs. Thomas Glenn, H. Clark, N. B. Robie, D. D.
(white), and others. In 1880 he was wedded to Miss Laura E. Drake, of
Opelika, an affable lady, by whom he has six children. Mr. Hawthorne is
energetic, sociable and full of work.


Holloway, Rev. W. H., who spent two years in the Presbyterian
Theological School at Tuscaloosa, is preaching and teaching at Thomas.
Affable and industrious, he is making friends and followers.


Hunter, Rev. Henry, of Faunsdale, son of Reuben and Abigail Hunter, is
now (June, 1892) about 77 years of age. He was baptized by Rev. James
Caldwell since the close of the war, and in 1866 he was set apart to
the work of the gospel ministry in a council of which the Rev. James
Caldwell was chairman. Speaking of his education Brother Hunter says:
“By chance I learned to read the Bible.” He is one of the pioneers of
Marengo county in the work of the colored Baptists. He is naturally
talented, is unassuming, deeply pious, and is known by his brethren as
being sober, upright and honorable. He has property worth about $1,000.
He is quietly expecting a peaceable end to his earthly career, and like
Abraham, has his eyes upon another country where the wicked shall cease
from troubling and the weary shall be at rest.


Hutchins, Rev. P. S. L., of Gallion, son of Reuben and Sylvia Hutchins,
was born October 13, 1862, in Barbour county, Alabama. In 1879 he was
baptized into the Eufaula Baptist Church by the Rev. Jerry Shorter.
He, in youth, was a person of observing, active mind, and hence by
the time he came to early manhood he had fairly prepared himself for
the position of school teacher. He took the college course in Selma
University, from which institution he graduated with the degree of A.
B. in May, 1890. On May the 31st, of the same year, he was publicly
and officially set apart to the work of the gospel ministry, Revs. M.
Tyler, C. L. Puree, C. L. Fisher, J. Q. A. Wilhite, R. T. Pollard, L.
J. Green, A. N. McEwen and the writer, officiating as presbytery. At
the time of this writing Mr. Hutchins is pastor at Gallion and also at
Newberne. At both these points he has succeeded in leading his flocks
to the erection of good church edifices. He is full of energy and pluck
as well as of literary aspiration. Like O’Bryant and other rising men
among us, he is a _moving_ man, and has muscles as well as brains.

He is physically as well as mentally strong, and so, if wisdom,
prudence and Providence shall continue to be his companions, a long
life, a growing life, a useful life, an honorable life is to be his.

P. S.--Since writing the above Mr. Hutchins has been abundant in labors
in building houses of worship at different points. Great physical
strength is proving to be a very convenient instrumentality under the
powers of a strong mind.


Jackson, Rev. A. C., the son of Roderick and Ellen Jackson, was born
in Pickens county, Alabama, December 13, 1848. He was baptized into
the African Baptist Church, Tuscaloosa, Ala., by the late Rev. Prince
Murrell.

He was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry at the request of
the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, Birmingham, by Revs. J. R. Capers
(one of the most worthy organizers of the Alabama work), Henry Wood
and N. G. Scurlock. The writer first met Brother Jackson in Mobile,
in 1875, in company with Rev. P. Murrell. His Birmingham work was
crowned with success. Beside what he did in the matter of increasing
the membership, he laid at the hand of his successor in the pastorate
of the Sixteenth Street Church about $3,000 worth of salable land and
the present church site. He is accepted by his brethren as being an
honest, earnest, industrious, studious man, especially noted for his
hospitality to his brethren. Beside the pastorate above mentioned, he
has been a builder and leader of other churches. He is now president
of the Sunday School Convention of the Mt. Pilgrim Association and
chairman of the Ministers’ Conference of Birmingham. He has had sore
trials, but in all his changes his love for Jesus has been manifest to
all.


Jackson, Rev. John W., pastor of the First Colored Baptist Church of
Eufaula, was born at Whitesville, Ga., about thirty years ago.

_Educational Advantages._--He has enjoyed only such advantages as the
free public schools of Atlanta, Ga., afforded him, but because of his
native talent and studious application to the study of books, and his
association with men of thought, he is possessed of a fair education.
His unassuming manner and happy, brotherly spirit win and hold for
him the love of his brethren in the ministry as well as the tender,
confiding respect of his flock.

He was led to faith in Christ in his sixteenth year. In December, 1890,
he was installed into the work and office of the gospel ministry by a
council, in which Revs. W. H. Tilman and E. J. Fisher, of Atlanta, Ga.,
officiated. He was called to labor in Alabama May, 1892. The Eufaula
Church, of which he is pastor, was organized about the year 1867, and
is therefore one among the oldest churches in the State. This church
began on the river bank in a little board shanty, but they now worship
in a nice large frame building on a main street of the city. Mr.
Jackson follows in this pastorate Revs. J. Shorter, J. Q. A. Wilhite,
G. W. Berry, Mr. Forbes, and Mr. Bassett; and he feels gratified with
the assurance that he leads a church from which have gone forth some of
the best people in the country. “_Be thou strong, therefore, and show
thyself a man._”


Jackson, Rev. Dennis, of Tuscumbia, is an honest, industrious man who
has a large place in the love of his brethren.


James, Rev. Lewis D., son of James and Priscilla James, was born in
Sumter county, Ala., December 24, 1859. Baptized by Rev. A. Gordon, of
Gainesville, Ala., in August, 1875. Had limited educational advantages
in youth, but has since his manhood increased his stock of information
by study, in which labor he has been aided by Prof. E. D. Lord and Dr.
A. F. Owens, of Mobile, and Dr. Pettiford, of Birmingham.

He was ordained to take charge of the Bethel Church at Warrior, Ala.,
October, 1888, by Revs. A. C. Jackson, J. W. White, A. D. Jemison and
W. R. Pettiford, D. D. His brethren of the Mount Pilgrim Association
have laid on him various positions of honor, such as president of the
Sunday School Convention, district missionary, etc.


James, Rev. Van B., pastor at Avondale, is a brother of Rev. L. D.
James. He is a progressive, industrious young man, whose breast is
filled with longings for a higher life for his people. His preaching is
characterized by thought rather than by emotion. In all the interests
of the devotion he shows himself substantially concerned.


Johnson, Rev. Gabriel B., of Courtland, Ala., son of Beverly and Sophia
Johnson, was born in King George county, Va., in 1849. Two years before
the beginning of our civil war, the subject of our sketch, with three
other children and his mother, were brought to Alabama as slaves. He
was led to seek Christ in consequence of a revival conducted near
Courtland by Revs. F. Bowman and S. Watkins. In 1867, in February, he
was baptized by a white brother. Shortly after his baptism, he began to
speak for Jesus in the public meetings under the authority of a license
from his church. In 1873 he was solemnly set apart to the sacred office
of the gospel ministry, Revs. G. Garrett, J. Belle, B. Swope and C. S.
Gibson officiating, after which he was called to the pastoral charge
of the Courtland Church, in which capacity he now serves. His first
marriage was to Miss Millie Davis, daughter of Harry and Susan Davis.
As the fruit of this marriage, there were seven children born to him,
four of whom still live. In 1887, and some time after death had robbed
him of this good woman, he was wedded to Miss Mariah Jarman, daughter
of John and S. Jarman, of Leighton, Ala.

He has had but poor educational advantages, but has used to
considerable effect such as have come within his reach. He has had
some access to the free public schools and a few months in the Roger
Williams University, Nashville, Tenn.

He has been Sunday School missionary under the joint appointment of the
Muscle Shoals Association and the American Baptist Publication Society,
has for several sessions assisted Prof. H. H. Stewart in the Courtland
public school, and is at present the moderator of the Muscle Shoals
Association. He has the confidence and love of his brethren, and will
doubtless ascend into still greater things. Being physically strong,
he will be a young man for years to come. His kind manner and polite
disposition readily commend him to the favor of all persons who are
inclined to be friendly, and hence a host of friends follow him with
good wishes.


Johnson, Rev. Daniel, Oakland, Lauderdale county, Ala., son of Lewis
and Martha Johnson, was born near Florence, Ala., November 11, 1844.
Baptized by Rev. H. Beckwith in 1872. Ordained by Rev. H. Beckwith,
Thos. Bruhes and A. Davis, in January, 1880.

Brother Johnson has been pastor of Zion No. 1 for some time past and is
a cheerful supporter of all the general enterprises of the denomination.


Johnson, Rev. Richard, pastor of St. James Church, Birmingham, is one
of our worthy pioneers, in the Macon county churches.

[Illustration: Rev. J. H. Eason, A. B., Professor in Selma University.]


Jones, Rev. C. P., pastor Tabernacle Church, Selma, hails from
Arkansas. We have nothing of his history. He comes to us highly
recommended by those who knew him best, and so far he is making an
excellent impression in his praise. Beside his moral worth and fine
intellectual talents he has other personal graces very rarely seen.

The writer loves especially his earnest devotion to his sacred
calling. He is of Georgia nativity, is about 27 years of age and is a
good scholar. He has been in Alabama only three months. What he has
accomplished in books is proof that he is a man of studious habits.

P. S.--Since the above was written Brother Jones has gone to
Mississippi, forcing from Alabama Baptists an acknowledgment of his
exalted piety, child-like faith, sound sense and superior pulpit
power. Brother Jones is now in Mississippi, still growing in grace and
popularity.


Jones, Rev. Silas, of Mt. Meigs, Montgomery county, son of Jupiter
and Caroline Jones, was born May 1, 1847. He was baptized into Elam
Church, May 1, 1866, by Rev. John Holmes, (white). Was ordained to
the work of the gospel ministry May 29, 1870, under the auspices of
the white Baptist Church, of Wetumpka, Ala., by Revs. A. Carleton, J.
Cole and Thomas Smith. The writer first met Brother Jones in Mobile
in 1875--has been with him in his pastorates at Wetumpka, at Sandy
Ridge, at Mt. Meigs and at Calhoun. He did not learn the alphabet until
after he was about 18 years of age, and hence his very manly struggles
for a knowledge of books have not been attended with the perfection
which comes of early training. But he is a man of natural ability and
rare tact, and what he knows is most thoroughly utilized. His home
Christianity includes a system of regular Bible study for children as
well as for hired help. He is an exemplary pastor. He is an industrious
Bible student and preaches the truth with telling effect. His urbanity
and other elements of personal magnetism bind his people about him with
strongest cords of confidence and affection. No one man has done more
for the education of his people than he, as the schools at Mt. Meigs
and Calhoun must show. Brother Jones is still young and strong and
promises a long life. He has good property. His family does him honor.
He is a strong man and coming days will give him the honors due him as
a man great in service for home and country.


Jones, Rev. Pope, of Russellville, was born near Tuscumbia, Ala., June
15, 1839. He was baptized some time between 1862 and 1866, and was
set apart to the work of the gospel ministry in 1869 by Revs. Joseph
Shackelford, D. D. (white), and W. E. Northcross. Brother Jones was
in many respects a very remarkable man--no man in the Muscle Shoals
Association, no man in Northern Alabama, had so much power over the
masses of the ministry and the great body of the laity as he. He was
an executive man and a natural magnet, and men gathered about him and
cheerfully submitted themselves to the sway of his opinions. He was
as affable as he was firm, as joyous as he was earnest. He peaceably
passed from this life in 1888.


Jones, Rev. Wm. B., of Demopolis, was born in 1847 in Marengo
county, Ala. Was baptized June 16, 1867, by Rev. John Scott. He has
accomplished some work in the churches.


Kennedy, Rev. F. R., of Columbiana, was born December 20, 1864, in
this State. He was baptized at Calera by the Rev. Henry Clay in 1881,
and in 1886 he was set apart to the work of the gospel ministry by
Revs. P. Fancher and John Tranholm. Mr. Kennedy at the age of 18 did
not know his letters, but perceiving at an early age the value of book
learning he resolved at the time named to attain to some knowledge on
this line. He has availed himself of such facilities and opportunities
as have fallen in his way, and in consequence he now reads and writes
fairly well. No doubt much of his advancement and general success are
due to the knowledge, aspiration and persistence of Mrs. Kennedy, whose
educational advantages have been superior to her husband’s. Brother
Kennedy has been pastor in his own town, in Birmingham, at Calera, and
now he preaches in Anniston.


Kennedy, Rev. Samuel, once pastor Union Church, Mobile, is one of those
unassuming, modest, friendly men whose heart pours forth in kindness
upon everybody. Like many others his chief misfortune is that he bears
the marks which declare his want of early school advantages. However,
he deserves praise for many good qualities and commendable labors.


King, Rev. Boling, of Leighton, Ala., was born in Orange county, Va.,
August, 1836. He was converted to faith in Christ under the ministry of
Rev. Henry Bynum, by whom, aided by Dr. Shackleford, he was baptized
into the Mt. Pleasant Baptist Church near Leighton. In 1868, in same
church and by the same brethren, he was solemnly set apart to the work
of the gospel ministry. Though he never attended school he can read and
write, and is a natural leader. He is pastor of some of the largest
churches in the Muscle Shoals Association. He is an industrious,
honorable man and has accumulated about $1,700 worth of real estate. He
is one of the pioneers of the work in this section of Alabama. He is
still of youthful vigor and leads in the Sunday School the same as in
the church.


Koyton, Prof. Abner C., of Tuscaloosa, son of Henry and Susan Koyton,
was born in Marietta, Ga., but was reared in Summerfield, Ala. Mr.
Koyton graduated from the State Normal School, Marion, Ala., in
1880, and delivered the first annual address to the alumni of this
institution.

Under his principalship, and on his plans, so the writer is informed,
the city schools (colored) of Tuscaloosa began to operate under their
present graded system. He is now just inaugurating the Tuscaloosa
Baptist Academy. He is young, but studious and progressive. His youth
is dignified by his gravity and piety.


Lawson, Rev. A. J., of Camden, son of Mr. A. and Mrs. Julia Lawson,
is doing a good work at Camden. His chief educational advantages have
come of the Camden schools, and what he has accomplished in the way of
letters, is evidence of his vigilance and application with reference
to the opportunities which came to his hand. He was baptized by Rev.
David Small, of Clark county, in 1886, two years after which time he
was set apart to the work of the gospel ministry at Camden by order of
the Camden Church, which was then under the pastoral care of Rev. J. W.
White. His labors are well spoken of by his brethren.


Lawson, Rev. A., of Union Springs, the pastor of Mount Pleasant Church,
now about 45 years of age, is one of the leading men of the “Old Pine
Grove Association.” Like most of the men of his time, his education has
been hindered. However, he is a very clear-headed man and, having a
large following, has done much good in Bullock county.


Leavens, Rev. Charles, the man who led to the erection of the brick
structure in which the St. Louis Street Church now worships, was of
Virginia nativity, and was born about 1805. The writer is of the
opinion that no man in Alabama did so much in pioneer days to organize
the Negro Baptists in the State as Mr. Leavens. At the close of the
war he was not ordained, but was the most enterprising, pushing,
sanguine and influential man in his church. Naturally, therefore, the
work of guiding the flock fell upon his shoulders. As he could not get
ordination of his white brethren, he sought it in New Orleans. Finding
himself now possessed with the commission of a gospel minister, he
sought to touch and commission men for the other cities and towns of
the State. The Rev. Philip Gambrell was ordained about the same time.
Calling in this man’s services and assistance, Mr. Leavens ordained
Messrs. P. Murrell, of Tuscaloosa; J. Bleavens, of Selma; James
Caldwell, of Demopolis; the writer, and a great company of others, who
went out into the various sections of the State to organize the people
into churches. Of course, as might have been expected, he sometimes put
out the wrong man, but it was a time to do and dare. His excuse for
hasty action was: “This is a peculiar time whose peculiar circumstances
call for bold methods.” His chief questions to applicants were: “Can
you and do you read the Bible? Do you believe it, pray about it, and
practice its teachings? Are you a good, whole Baptist? Are you a
republican?”


Leach, Rev. James, of Birmingham, son of Alfred and Elizabeth Leach,
was born July 16, 1832, in Marengo county, Ala. In 1846 he was baptized
by the Rev. Mr. Fox, of Uniontown, and on November 26, 1867, in the
African Baptist Church of Tuscaloosa, he was set apart to the work of
the gospel ministry by Revs. P. Murrell, P. Bowler and James Caldwell.

In 1855 he was married to Miss Mary Martin. He was once pastor of the
African Baptist Church, Tuscaloosa, and one time presided over the
Bethlehem Association (organized in 1877) as moderator. Mr. Leach has
held various pastorates, is a hospitable man, and has a very pleasant
family.

The writer has often found--when weary and sick--a pleasing and
invigorating refuge within the quiet home of these good people.


Leftwich, John C., of Montgomery, once editor and now manager of the
_Baptist Leader_, is noted especially for energy and independence. He
is, at the time of this writing, temperance lecturer for the State of
Alabama under the “National Temperance Society.” Doubtless he inherits
his push and ambition from his father, who was at one time a member
of the Alabama legislature. He is quite a young man, and if wisdom
shall rule over his purposes and plans in years to come, he will write
himself upon the men and the occasions of future years.


Lewis, Rev. C., is pastor of Macedonia Church, Birmingham. He appears
ready for any good word and work.


Looney, Rev. J. T., of Fayetteville, Talladega county, was born
in Coosa county, Alabama, May 2, 1847. He was baptized into the
Fayetteville Church by Rev. Berry Ware in 1867, and in 1885 he was set
apart to the work of the ministry by Rev. H. Morris and others. At the
time of this writing Mr. Looney is pastor at Alpine. He is a quiet and
unassuming man, ever friendly to education and missions, and hospitable
toward his brethren.


Lofton, Rev. J. B., is pastor at Smithfield, near Birmingham.


Lovelady, Rev. C. L., of Hollywood, Jackson county, is noted among his
brethren for his interest in missions and education. He followed Rev.
Lewis Roach in the moderatorship of the Mud Creek Association. He helps
in the building of churches, and is a liberal supporter of schools.


Low, Rev. Green, of Livingston, is one of the most matter-of-fact sort
of men with whom the writer has ever had any business. No man can
beat him wearing his whole heart right on his face. He is uncovered,
outspoken and fearless, and yet all seems so natural, so honest and so
kind, until what would otherwise appear hard and ungenial, is really
enjoyable. Mr. Low is among the leaders of the Bethlehem Association.

[Illustration: Miss A. L. Bowman, Missionary, Birmingham, Ala.]


McAlpine, Rev. W. H., at present teacher of Ministers’ and Deacons’
Institute, under the appointment of the Southern Baptist Mission
Board, was born in Buckingham county, Virginia, June, 1847. At the
age of three years, he, his mother and a younger brother were brought
to this state by a “Negro speculator,” who sold them to a Rev. Robert
McAlpine, of Coosa county. At the age of 8 years and on the occasion
of the death of this Presbyterian minister, he became the property
(?) of Dr. McAlpine, with whom he remained till the close of the war.
In this family he was the nurse of the white children for about ten
years. As Mrs. Dr. McAlpine was very anxious and cautious as to the
quality of the first moulding influences touching the childhood of her
children, and as the schools around were hardly up to her ideal, she
had her children instructed at home. As the nurse’s position placed
him and kept him in constant association with the children, and as
he was possessed of a literary turn of mind, he soon began to imbibe
a knowledge of letters, advancing into reading, writing, grammar,
geography and arithmetic. From 1855 to 1874 he saw nothing of his
mother, and for sixteen years of this time did not know where she
was. Naturally this incident started a train of serious reflections
touching the facts and hopes of human life. About the year 1864 or
1865 he was converted to Christianity and some time after was baptized
into the Talladega Church (white) by his friend, Dr. Renfroe. At the
close of the war Mr. McAlpine first worked at the carpenters’ trade,
which he left for school teaching. In the winter of 1866 he entered the
Talladega College, supporting himself by laboring during the morning
and evening hours--before the opening and after the close of the
school. In 1873 he severed his connection with this institution, having
been aroused to undertake the establishment of a similar institution
for his own denomination. In 1871 he was ordained to the work of the
gospel ministry, and accepted a call to the pastorate of the Mt. Canaan
Baptist Church, Talladega, which he resigned in 1875 in order to give
his whole time to his school project.

To no man in Alabama has been committed trusts more varied and more
weighty. While connected with the Talladega College he occupied the
position of State canvasser under the appointment of Mr. Cravath. He
has been pastor at Talladega, Jacksonville, Marion and Anniston, and
president of Selma University. His special excellence is not of that
mental style which gives birth to fine psychological and metaphysical
discernments and distinctiveness: it is that sort of mental something
which strikes with broad side and ponderous weight. The breadth of his
rear head would seem to indicate that all his faculties are driven
forward by a force that starts from a broad base. The writer first met
Dr. McAlpine in Mobile, in November, 1874, the year following that in
which he brought forward, at the Tuscaloosa session of the Convention,
his school idea. My first impression of him was that he was a man of
special mission, and I immediately sympathized with him and with the
school project, throwing myself fully into line with his plans.

In referring to his childhood life, and while talking with reference
to the power of secret prayer, he once remarked to the writer: “Upon
one occasion, though without my knowledge, Dr. McAlpine had resolved
to punish me for a trivial matter on my part which had caused him some
displeasure. I had gone to feed the horses, and in the crib I was on
my knees at prayer. The doctor had followed me with his whip. I was
not aware of his presence or purpose, and hence as he did not speak I
got through with my prayer and fed my horse and returned to the house.
I learned afterward that my prayer had subdued him, and that he had
expressed himself as being ashamed of his purpose.”

Alluding once to some mistakes he had made, he observed: “We grow wiser
as we grow older.” He has been happily married twice. By his last wife
he has a large family of beautiful and promising children. The Rivers
family, into which he married, are a people of very sterling qualities,
and no doubt these happy associations have conduced to his success in
all regards.

The act of the University in conferring upon him the honorary title
of D. D. is evidence of the high esteem in which he is held by the
trustees and faculty of the school. He is now theological instructor in
the school and is supported by the Southern Board.


McAlpine, F. Percy, son of J. D. and Jane McAlpine, was born August 1,
1865, in Forkland, Ala. He entered the world amid that good heritage
which can come only of the exemplary life of parents. Though his early
life was spent on the farm, his youthful days were blessed with some
educational facilities, which his discerning, appreciative mind turned
to good advantage. After completing primary grades in his home schools,
he, against the wish of his mother and protest of brothers, entered
the State Normal School at Marion, Ala., with only $15 to begin the
course of study prescribed. The next year he entered Selma University,
studying during the school session and teaching in summer till 1888,
when his mother, his only support since the death of his father, fell
asleep. He says of this time of struggle:

“I owe a lasting debt of gratitude to President Purce, who never left
me without an encouragement which it was possible for him to bestow.”

In 1890 while in his junior college year, financial straits forced him
to give up study and go out to work. Applying for the principalship
of the Bessemer City School, he made an almost perfect mark in his
examination and obtained the position. While in this capacity, aided
by Mr. J. C. Barker, he edited a paper known as “_The Marvel Age_.” In
1893, he and Mr. Barker operated a bookstore.

The writer knows but few young men who equal Mr. McAlpine in modesty,
industry, courage, push and beauty of moral character. An honorable
future awaits him, and of friends he shall have many. Talented and
studious, he must still advance in scholarship. He became a member
of the Missionary Baptist Church in 1885, and lives according to his
profession. He expects to complete his university course in 1896.


McEwen, Rev. A. N., pastor of Franklin Street Church, Mobile,
lately editor of the _Baptist Leader_, is a native of the State of
Mississippi, where he was born April, 1849. When he was about 18 years
of age he went to Nashville, Tenn., in search of better things than
those to which slavery had introduced him. Here he entered the Roger
Williams University, remaining only a very short while. Here also he
found and wedded a wife. Being controlled by industry and economy he
soon saved enough from his small wages to purchase a horse and wagon.
This was the first of a series of financial successes by means of which
he soon rose above poverty and want into comfortable circumstances for
himself and family. While attending the services of Mt. Zion Church in
Nashville in 1870 he was led to faith in Christ which he professed by
receiving baptism.

Shortly after he began religious work, and in 1876 he was ordained
to take charge of the pastorate at Tullahoma, Tenn. Five or six
years after this he came to Alabama to take charge of the Dexter
Avenue Church. Mr. McEwen, since his entrance into Alabama, has been
intimately connected with all our state operations, educational and
missionary, and no man among us has been more successful as a church
financier. He has bestowed special care upon the education of his
children, all of whom he has reared for the most part without their
mother’s aid, as she died when they were young. The Dexter Avenue
Church building was constructed under his leadership.

McCall, Rev. E. A., at present pastor in Columbus, Ga., the son of Rev.
H. A. McCall, was born May 15, 1855, in Russell county, Alabama. In
1872 he was baptized into the Hawkinsville Baptist Church by the hands
of his father. In September, in the twentieth year of his age, he was
set apart to the work of the gospel ministry by Revs. A. Gachet, S.
Fantroy, J. Daniel, J. H. Davis and H. A. McCall. It will be seen that
he entered the sacred office at a very early age--at an age rather
soon in most cases--rather early for the good of the minister as well
as for the good of the people and the cause. But though in youth he
was possessed of very poor educational advantages, by talent, push,
courage, ambition, observation and application to books, he has made
surprising advances. He is strictly a self-made man. He speaks with
ease and performs well on the organ.

He has had a wide range of operation, having been pastor at different
times of eleven different churches, some of them equaling the best
pastorates in the country. Among them the church at Union Springs may
be mentioned. No man in Alabama is more companionable than he.


McCord, Rev. C., of Selma, was set apart to the work of the gospel
ministry by the St. Phillip Street Church while the writer was pastor
in 1884. He started the study of books late in life, but by associating
with men of advanced ideas and close application to books he is now
considerably ahead of the masses of the ministry. He is a sober,
judicious man, peaceable and ever ready for work.


Maddox, Rev. J. D., the son of Daniel and Tabitha Maddox, was born in
Barbour county, Ala., near Midway, in 1854. His father was sold away
from him when he was only three days old, and his mother when he was
three years old, and hence he came up without knowing anything either
of father or mother.

This friendless condition early impressed him with the desire to obtain
the friendship of God, which in his eleventh year, he sought and found.
He was baptized into the Rama Church by the Rev. Mr. VanHoose (white)
during the same year.

In his seventeenth year, a desire to read books came into his mind. By
good fortune, he came into possession of 25 cents which he invested in
a “blue back speller.” In order that his book and purpose might not
come to the notice of the white people he decided that he would tear
out and learn one leaf at the time. Thus he began to spell, aided by a
more fortunate fellow slave. The widow of a Baptist minister encouraged
him with the statement that if he could read she would give him a hymn
book and a Bible. On _one_ Sabbath he learned the Ten Commandments.
Doubtless he owes much of his success to his excellent wife, who is
no less enterprising than she is devout and faithful. He said to the
writer: “My wife _makes_ me study.”

In 1879 at the call of the Friendship Baptist Church of Barbour county,
he was set apart to the ministry by Revs. J. Shorter, A. Gachet and E.
Alexander. Brother Maddox is a good man, a faithful preacher, and a
successful builder--a leading man in the Eufaula Association, and is as
gentle as a woman, and simple hearted as a child.

[Illustration: Rev. M. Tyler, D. D., Lowndesboro, Ala.]


Maderson, Rev. William, of Greensboro, was born in Virginia in 1849,
and came to Alabama in 1866. In the fall of 1872 he was baptized into
the Second Baptist Church at Marion, Ala., and in the following year
began to enter upon the work of the ministry, speaking in public as he
had opportunity. While the Convention was in session in Marion in 1880,
the hands of ordination were laid upon his head by order of the Marion
Church, and by the same presbytery that ordained Dr. Pettiford. He
spent some time in study in the Selma University, under the presidency
of the late Rev. Harry Woodsmall. Mr. Maderson is a man of fine natural
gifts which, considering his early, meagre advantages, have been well
developed. He is remarkably capacitated for imbibing what is pure and
elevating in good men and good books. He is dearly beloved no less
for his stainless character than for his refinement and wisdom. After
serving various other important pastorates, he was called to the pulpit
of the Salem Church at Greensboro, where he now serves with success,
greatly increasing the membership and purchasing a neat parsonage.
For the past seven or eight years he has been the moderator of the
Uniontown Association--the largest Association in the State. Should he
continue as he has begun, coming years must increase his power with God
and man.


Merrell, Rev. Mason C., of Fort Deposit, son of M. C. and Harriet
Merrell, was born in Dallas county, Ala., June 26, 1849. As his parents
were poor, he was apprenticed to the Rev. H. Talbird, D. D., of said
county, who sent him to the schools of the neighborhood. By such
means he was early placed in conditions where he was able to lay the
foundation of a liberal English education. Much of Mr. Merrell’s time
for many years has been spent in teaching in the State schools. The
money thus earned has been a supplement to the meagre support given
him by the small churches of which he is the efficient pastor. He was
baptized into the fellowship of the Carlowville Church October, 1867,
by the hands of his benefactor. In 1879 he was set apart to the work
of the gospel ministry in the city of Montgomery, Revs. J. A. Foster,
W. J. Stevens, Wm. Jinkins and R. Aarons officiating as presbytery.
Brother Merrell is a sociable, genial companion, a careful speaker, an
earnest Christian, and a firm believer in missions and education. On
all the moral questions of the times he is as straight as a shingle.
He, by his various pastorates, is associated with the Alabama District
and the Union Associations, and in both bodies he is held in high
esteem by all the thoughtful and pious persons.

Indeed, he is respected by all who know him, white and black. Because
of his quietness and sunshine, as well as for his musical talent and
skill, he is in special demand at our annual and extra meetings.


Murrell, Rev. Prince.--Rev. Prince Murrell was born in Savannah, Ga.,
January 1, 1817. His mother, who descended of a Congo prince, was born
in Providence, R. I. His father was the son of an Englishman, of the
name of Murrell. Some of his youthful years were spent with his parents
in South Carolina. In the year 1838, his mother with seven children, he
being the youngest, moved to Tuscaloosa, Ala. At this time no member of
the family knew anything of the Christian life. In 1839 his mother was
baptized, which incident excited such serious impressions in her son as
resulted in his baptism in August, 1842. About this time he began to
speak and exhort as he had opportunity. At the close of the war he had
been a member of the Tuscaloosa Church (white) about ten years, and was
the only colored Baptist preacher in Tuscaloosa. This brother has had
a rather remarkable career. In the year 1855 he bought his freedom,
and in 1856 started to Liberia, Africa, going as far as Savannah,
Ga. His aspiration for liberty, his unaided toiling for the mastery
of letters and books, his tact and perseverance in organizing the
colored Baptists of his section into churches and associations, and his
success in accumulating property with many other things, mark him as no
ordinary man. His marriage to Miss Mary Drisdell in the year 1842, was
no doubt largely conducive to his energy and success, for she--even up
into old age--was a woman of strength and industry. The first colored
school ever taught in Tuscaloosa was taught by him, and taught at a
time when to teach a colored school was to put one’s life at the muzzle
of the shot gun. Touching this phase of work, he related to the writer
the following stories: “When we were just set at liberty I went to a
white Baptist who had in times of slavery shown himself friendly toward
black people, and said, ‘Mr. S----, we need a school teacher, can’t
we secure you?’ He replied, ‘Do you think I would disgrace myself by
teaching a negro school? Besides this, it would be only throwing into
the waste my time, my talent and my strength. I might as well drive
into a room a drove of sheep or a herd of swine, and put books before
them as to put books before kinky-headed nigger children.’

“On one occasion, two white men who had come into town to bring a
prisoner, walked into my school room with their ropes and chains in
hand, and teacher and school, feeling sure that the ropes and chains
were for their necks, were so dismayed as to excite the pity of the
dreaded visitors, and they sought to remove our fears and to encourage
us to continue on in our good way.”

Speaking of the organization of colored churches in the South, he
remarked to the writer: “I was in Savannah when the white people were
discussing the propriety of organizing colored churches.” He opened the
first Sunday School for colored people in the city of Tuscaloosa the
first Sunday in December, 1866. He claimed to owe most of his success
in the study of divine truth to the Rev. Chas. Manly. On July 1 he
organized the African Baptist Church in Tuscaloosa with 25 members. As
he did not begin reading till he was 22 years old he was not faultless
in his mastery of the English language, but was a good speaker,
self-possessed and ready in words. Mr. Murrell was one of the leading
fathers of the Alabama work. His children were a pride to him in his
old age.

In the last years of his life he spoke tenderly of his old mistress
who encouraged him to learn to read, and of his maiden mistress, who
in many ways saved him from oppression and aided him in securing his
liberty.

Since the above sketch was commenced Mr. Murrell and his good wife have
exchanged the cross for the crown.


Nichols, Rev. James, of Greenville, moderator and missionary of the
Union Association, was born in Virginia May 10, 1842, and was brought
to Alabama September, 1856, locating at Selma, where he joined the
church and was baptized by the Rev. Mr. McCraw, who was then pastor
both of the colored and of the white churches of that city. At this
time, as the dates will show, he was a young man. It was in this same
church and city that he began the work of the ministry during the days
of slavery.

His first marriage was to Miss Emma Allison, of Dallas county. The
fruit of this marriage was two sons and one daughter, neither of whom
is now living. His present wife has two living children. He has an
humble home of his own.

Mr. Nichols is a man of energy, industry and decision of character;
he has opinions and has the courage to express them. No man has any
trouble in times of controversy to locate him, and yet in his rulings
as presiding officer of the above named association, the writer has
seen evidences of prudence and commendable flexibility.

His early life was robbed of literary environments, and hence he is not
an extensive reader of books; but his knowledge of things is superior
to many whose advantages have been far better than his have been. He
says that he knew absolutely nothing of letters till since the close
of the war, when he had a little opportunity to attend night school at
Uniontown.

He was ordained in 1873 at Georgiana, Butler county, by Revs. Dan
Shepard, Nelson Briggs, Jesse Holens and others, and he has done a good
work in his section.


Northcross, Rev. W. E., of Tuscumbia, Colbert county, was born in
Colbert county, Ala., in 1840, and ordained to the gospel ministry in
1867 by Rev. Mr. Slater (white) and Rev. Henry Bynum.

Mr. Northcross is strictly a pioneer. He, Rev. Stephen Coleman and Rev.
Henry Bynum, aided by Dr. Joseph Shackleford (white) laid down the
foundation stones in Morgan, Franklin, Colbert, Lauderdale and Lawrence
counties.

He is a peculiar man. He is a man of very positive nature--with him it
is yea and amen.

To those who do not know him as well as to those who vacillate and
pretend, his sternness is repelling. But behind and below external
appearances there is a heart that is as tender as it is brave, and as
kind as it is firm. Except a little time spent in the Roger Williams
University, he has had no school advantages, but he reads and writes
fairly well.

The Tuscumbia, Barton and Sheffield churches were built up under his
labors. In the formation of the Muscle Shoals Association at Tuscumbia
in 1869, he was one of the leading spirits. He relates the following
incidents:

“Before the close of the war I was captured by the Federal troops and
carried to Decatur, where I joined their army. As I had a crippled foot
I was allowed to remain with the commissary department. While we were
camped at Athens, General Forest came upon us and defeated, captured
and killed until we were almost literally wiped out of existence. I
had been kind to some little white children by which I had won their
love and, of course, the love of their parents. Therefore, in the time
of danger, I rushed to this house, and the good people hid me and
changed my clothes. Hence when I was found, I was taken for one of the
gentleman’s slaves. When I was permitted by the man to try to return
to Tuscumbia and had gone some distance, I was caught by deserters
from the Southern army, who voted to shoot me. They bound me and kept
me over night, intending to do away with me the next day. It was in a
lonely desert on the Tennessee river. I could not sleep, and so all
night I prayed to God, and all night the wives of the men prayed for
“the poor nigger”--prayed to their cruel husbands. Their cries and
tears prevailed, and I was robbed and let go after I had vowed not
to reveal their whereabouts. I left loving God and believing in his
faithfulness to his people as I had never done before.”

For years Mr. Northcross has been the trusted treasurer of the Muscle
Shoals Association. He is the pastor of the largest church, and has the
best edifice, in northern Alabama.


Oden, Rev. M. C. B., of Sylacauga, was born in Charleston, S. C.,
December 24, 1839. He was baptized by Rev. J. J. D. Renfroe, D. D.,
in September, 1865, and in 1873 he was set apart to the work of the
gospel ministry, Rev. W. Wilks, and others, officiating as presbytery.
He, in speaking of the rise of the work in this section, says: “I came
from South Carolina in 1858, a Methodist. There were nineteen or twenty
other slaves on our place beside myself. I, and one other, professed
to be Christians. The master of the place permitted us to hold prayer
services, and allowed the slaves of his kin people to attend. The
Lord blessed these meetings and at the close of the war this humble
beginning was ready to unfold into the Harpersville Church. At the
close of the war, I began to teach night and Sunday Schools, and thus
introduced the study of letters, though in the Sunday School as well
as in the night school, we had nothing but the ‘blue back speller.’”
Brother Oden is an honorable, outspoken, industrious, prosperous man,
whose hospitality is known far and wide. His home has often been an
asylum of rest to the writer, as well as to other missionaries of
Alabama of all denominations.

[Illustration: Mrs. Rebecca Pitts, Member Board of Trustees Woman’s
State Convention, Uniontown, Ala.]


O’Bryant, Rev. L. F., of Eufaula, the son of Frederick and Rose
O’Bryant, was born on the Dent plantation in Barbour county, Ala., in
the year 1860. In 1879 he was converted to the faith of the gospel
under the preaching of Rev. Jerry Shorter, and was baptized into the
Pleasant Grove Baptist Church. At the call of the above named church,
he was set apart to the work of the gospel ministry in 1885 by Revs.
J. Q. A. Wilhite, A. Gachet, J. D. Maddox, E. May and J. A. Alston, of
Arkansas. Notwithstanding his educational advantages have been very
meagre, he has, by constant study and observation, advanced to a fair
knowledge of books. He is a loving husband, a successful pastor, a
strong preacher, a genial associate, and carries sunshine everywhere.
The writer was associated with him for some weeks in the institute work
at Eufaula, and was truly delighted with his urbanity and innocent
wit. He is a young man of hopeful prospects--if his present wise
course should continue to the end. His father before him is a Baptist
minister, whose life is held in high esteem, and hence the subject
of this sketch comes into his public career having his own excellent
personal graces savored by the good name of his revered ancestor.


Owens, Rev. A. J., of Moulton, is an ex-student of Selma University;
he is an agreeable companion, a kind father, an orderly thinker and a
forcible preacher. The writer has greatly enjoyed the hospitalities of
his home and the abundance of his good humor.


Owens, Rev. Albert Franklyn, editor of the _Baptist Leader_ and pastor
at Mobile, was born in Wilcox county, Ala., January 1, 1854. Early
in life he left Alabama for Louisiana, in which state he was led to
exercise faith in the Son of God and was baptized into Little Mt. Zion
Church by the Rev. G. Stemley, of Avoyelles Parish. In April, 1873,
he was licensed to enter upon the work of the gospel ministry. At the
call of the Third Baptist Church, Mobile, Ala., he was ordained to
the functions of the ministerial office by the Common Street Baptist
Church, New Orleans, La., May 28, 1877, by a council of which Rev.
Marsena Stone, D. D., of Ohio, was chairman, and Rev. A. M. Newman was
secretary. His longest and hitherto most prosperous pastorate has been
with the church who called for his ordination, and whom he led to the
purchase of their neat brick edifice on St. Anthony street.

Beginning with them in the spring of 1887, he left them for Uniontown,
September, 1890, in excellent quarters and free from debt. This he did
at such patient self-sacrifice as may be found in only a very few men
of his age.

In 1873 he entered Leland University, New Orleans, where he remained
four years pursuing the classical and theological courses under Drs.
Gregory and Stone.

While in Louisiana he was engaged in teaching school and was intimately
associated with the general Baptist work, being at one time editor of
their state organ, the _Baptist Messenger_. In 1884-85 he was editor
of the _Baptist Pioneer_, located at Selma, Ala., and has served as
general superintendent of missions for the State of Alabama. For many
years he has been on the Board of Trustees of Selma University, and in
recognition of his solid worth and general information he is now the
bearer of our denominational standard.

Mr. Owens is a typical, Christian gentleman. No other man among us
has a library so select, so varied and so valuable as he has, nor has
any man in Alabama a clearer evidence of literary talent and literary
relish. He is a many-sided man, and the beauty of his solid personal
qualities is greatly enhanced by his indigenous vivacity, unstinted
hospitality, and perennial benevolence. In the hovels of the poor and
in the times of the sources of disease, no man among us is more welcome
than he, neither is there one of his brethren whose duty renders more
heedless of danger or blind to personal privations and material losses.
Whether he builds houses of worship, preaches, lectures, teaches,
writes--whatever may be the engagement of the hour, that engagement
focuses the whole man. The following incidents will show something
of the style of his mind: On one occasion when severely tried in
administering discipline, and when he had allowed his feelings of
indignation to run too high, he was so distressed that for many nights
sleep almost entirely forsook him. The writer overheard him on this
occasion, saying, “Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done
this evil in thy sight.”

Upon another occasion in the midst of a session of the Convention, and
as one of the policemen of the town walked in and was seated, he arose
and remarked: “Brother president, I see in our assembly a policeman
of the city in which we are convened. I think this a fit time to
give notice to any who may feel inclined to be unruly that they must
observe good order or I’ll have them arrested.” This came in just at a
condition of the meeting when a bit of humor was just the thing most
needed.

The St. Anthony Street Church, Mobile, is a tangible memorial of his
energy, self-sacrifice and patient industry. Beside the pastorate of
the St. Anthony Street Church (the Third Baptist), he has served in the
pastorate of the Dexter Avenue, Montgomery, and in the pastorate of the
church at Uniontown.

His speeches are characterized by originality, clearness, force and
dignity. He is still a growing man--growing in worth of manhood and
in the confidence and love of the denomination; and should his health
and life continue, the historian who will write of a brighter day than
this--a day not far in the future--will point with pride to this man of
rare gifts, giving more space than is here accorded him. With special
pleasure the writer records the name of Albert F. Owens, D. D., high
upon the roll of his personal friends.

And this short notice of a worthy man can hardly close at a point of
greater beauty than in an humble tribute to his other self, Mrs. Mary
Mims Owens (once Mrs. Taylor), whom he wedded in 1882, and who is held
in high esteem as a leader in church and educational circles.


Pettiford, Rev. W. R., D. D., son of William and Matilda Pettiford,
was born in Granville county, N. C., January 20, 1847. He was, when a
boy, of an industrious turn of mind, working faithfully at whatever his
hands found to do. At one time he was with the tanner, and at another
time he was running his father’s farm.

At the age of 21 years he united with the Baptist Church of Rocksboro,
Person county, N. C., and was immersed by the Rev. Ezekiel Horton,
of Salisbury. While he was serving this church as clerk, he told his
mother, as a secret which he greatly desired she would not reveal, that
he felt called to the gospel ministry. As Brother Horton often put
up at their home he soon got possession of the secret. Dr. Pettiford
now says: “When I was called into an examining council and learned
that my secret was out, I was very much frightened; but the advice
given upon this day has ever been helpful to me.” The writer met the
subject of this sketch for the first time at the session of the State
Convention held in Talladega in November, 1876. He and the late Senator
A. H. Curtis were messengers from the church at Marion. At this time
the only traits that were especially noticeable were the frankness of
his countenance and the geniality of his manners. At the commencement
of Selma University in the winter of 1877-78, he joined Brother
Woodsmall, becoming a member of the pioneer faculty of the school.
It was here that he was seen as the studious, patient, industrious
man--loved no less by tender youth than he was trusted by riper years.
He was called to ordination by the Marion Church, Marion, Ala., and
dedicating hands were laid upon his head in Marion, Ala., in the midst
of the conventional session held there in November, 1880. After this
he severed his connection with the school as teacher and as financial
agent, to enter the pastorate in Union Springs. His open, earnest face,
tact, and urbanity of speech, made him one of the most successful
financial agents the University has ever sent upon the field. He
relates the following incident in connection with his field work for
the school: “I was about thirty miles southeast of Greenville, Ala. A
colored man by the name of Turner had just been mobbed in Clark county.
The colored people along the road were exceedingly frightened at the
threatening attitude of the whites, and hence refused to entertain any
stranger. I knew not where I was and it was now dark. My horse was
broken down. Family after family turned me off. At last one man agreed
to entertain my tired horse. Thankful for this little drop of kindness,
I stopped and fed my animal. Then I started off--I knew not whither.
After awhile I saw through the boughs of the pines a dim light, which
seemed far away. Turning towards this light I wended my way through
sage field and bush, until I stood beside an old log hut, a rickety
relic of an old time Negro quarter. With ease this tiny spark peeped
through the great opening in the dirty cabin full into my weary face.
Herein, with husband and wife and babies, and a lot of dirt, I was
allowed to rest my tired limbs and heavy heart till morning.

“Upon one occasion while Bro. D. T. Gulley and I were on mission work
together, we were delayed in Marengo county. Waters were up, Brother
Gulley was sick, and the people had no money to give for educational
purposes. I went to begging milk cows and succeeded in getting the
people to donate six.”

Mr. Pettiford married his present wife, Miss Della Boyd, of Selma,
Ala., November 22, 1880. She is an excellent woman and comes of a fine
family. As might have been expected the marriage has been a happy one
for both parties.

Dr. Pettiford is a clear thinker, a concise speaker, a firm friend, a
lover of his race, and a fine presiding officer. Every feature in his
bearing is indicative of the true gentleman and earnest Christian. He
is a firm friend of Selma University, and by this school he has been
honored with the degree of D. D. He is at this time (1892) president of
the “Alabama Penny Savings Bank” and of the Baptist State Convention
of Alabama. He is further noticed in connection with the chapter on
“State Convention” and “Selma University” as well as in other chapters.

Closing this sketch, it seems fitting that I should remark that though
he excels in many virtues, he is especially peculiar in these:

1. He is abundant in plans and measures, so that the variety of his
operations almost wholly exclude the monotony so often felt in church
work.

2. He is in a peculiar degree a patient man. In all conditions he seems
to possess his soul in patience.

Since the above was written, he has been elected financial secretary of
the State work.

He is now organizing the Alabama Publishing Company. He is full of
enterprise.

[Illustration: Rev. W. C. Bradford, Pastor First Baptist Church,
Tuscaloosa, Ala.]


Phillips, Rev. D., of Tuskegee, was a “Father in Israel.” Those who are
old enough to remember him as a slave, say that he sat in council with
the white ministers and was permitted to speak in their associational
gatherings. Nothing seemed to disturb his peace; no amount of heated
discussion ever caused him to break from his strong hiding place of
pious humility. He was a large man with strong will, but every “jot and
tittle” of his ponderous being was under submission to his consecrated
will, which ruled all like the helmsman steers the great ship. He was
about the age of Mr. John Dosier, eighty years. He refused to accept
freedom till all were free.


Peels, Rev. J. A., pastor of the First Colored Baptist Church in North
Birmingham, is a rising young man in the Mount Pilgrim Association. His
church, though a new enterprise, is a success, and all plans for gospel
aggression find in him a ready and substantial friend. His brethren
love him because he is peaceable and benevolent in his dealings with
them.


Pollard, Rev. Robert T., son of Rev. R. T., Sr., and Mrs. Mary F.
Pollard, was born in Gainesville, Ala., October 4, 1860. A few years
after the close of the late civil war, Rev. R. T. Pollard, Sr., moved
with his family to Enterprise, Miss. There the subject of this sketch
received his first impressions--impressions which were to serve as the
foundation of his future character. At the age of 12 his mother left
him for the better country. The boy, reflecting over his sad loss in
the death of his mother, turned unto the Lord, and was baptized into
the fellowship of the Mt. Pleasant Church, in which he immediately
became clerk and Sunday School teacher. Thus, starting right, we are
not surprised at the righteousness of the course he now pursues.

By studying at night under his father’s instruction, he, at the age of
12, could read and write. At 16 he was known as “the boy preacher.”
At the age of 20 he entered a school taught by Prof. Paul D. Jones
in Meridian, Miss., in which school he studied arithmetic, algebra,
English grammar and Latin. He remained here two years. In 1882 he
entered Selma University, under Prof. Woodsmall. Of this good man he
says: “His consecrated life did much toward fixing my character in the
spirit and doctrines of Christ.” From this institution he graduated
with the class of 1884 as valedictorian. In the same school and in the
same year he entered upon the college course and completed the freshman
and sophomore years. During this time he was assistant teacher in the
University. By all, and throughout all, he has been and is now accepted
as a student, a thinker, a rigid moralist and faithful Christian. In
March, 1885, he was ordained to the gospel ministry in Selma, Revs.
E. M. Brawley, D. D., W. H. McAlpine, H. N. Bouey, A. N. McEwen, C.
L. Price, and C. R. Rodgers, officiating as presbytery. After this
he entered upon and served acceptably different important pastorates
in Perry county. With credit to himself and with profit to the
denomination, he has, as teacher, as moderator, as recording clerk of
the State Convention, and as district Sunday School missionary, served
the Baptists of Alabama. At this time he is the successful pastor of
the Dexter Avenue Church, Montgomery. Thus this quiet, hard working
young man has risen up till there are but few that go before him. Mr.
Pollard is a philosopher, clothed with the spirit of a child. In him a
full heart balances a well stored head.


Pollard, Rev. I. M., of Loachapoka, is one of the few men of whom we
sometimes feel that they are Nature’s _favored_ children. So evenly
balanced are all his tempers and passions, hopes and fears, that we are
almost compelled to think that so much self-government must have come
largely as the gift of nature. The writer has reasons to know him as an
honest man--as a man who can handle the money of his neighbor without
fault to himself or loss to his friend. Mr. Pollard is held in high
esteem by all who know him--white and black. He was born about the year
1840. He possesses a fine personal appearance, a gentlemanly bearing,
and is a good preacher of the plain old gospel.


Posey, Prof. Thomas H., of Bessemer, the son of Wesley and Patience
Posey, was born September 15, 1854, at Bessemer, Ala. He was baptized
into the Canaan Baptist Church about the year 1872 by Rev. William
Ware. Brother Posey deserves honorable mention for his faithful
services as an educator. He graduated from the normal course in Selma
University in the spring of 1884, and has proven himself to be not
only a power in the affairs of secular education, but a very efficient,
faithful worker in the church and Bible school.


Prentice, Rev. D. L., of Selma, Ala., son of James and Caroline
Prentice, was born in Shelby county, Ala., December 25, 1852. The
home of his youthful days, like that of the writer, must have been in
a wild country infested by wolves; for he, in speaking of how he had
to go after wood and water into the thick swamps before the break of
day, says: “On one morning as I found myself surrounded by wolves, I
cried to God for help and was delivered. In my prayer for deliverance
I made a vow of consecration, which was the beginning of a new life.”
In 1875 he was baptized by Rev. Berry Ware. About the year 1865-66 he
began studying Webster’s speller, and sought information, he says, of
every person that he thought had any information to give. He learned to
read and write and began figuring under the instruction of a Mr. J. W.
Strong, a man, so it is said, who used to be mayor of Selma, Ala. The
writer first met the subject of this sketch while he was student in the
Talladega College, and since his graduation from the Selma University,
his course and success as pastor, teacher, missionary and lecturer, has
been watched with pleasing interest. He was ordained to the ministry
May, 1882, by Revs. Joe Smith and Henry Scott. He is a genuine friend
of religion and education and being young and strong he has a large
opening for future usefulness and fame.


Prince, Rev. J. T., of Gallion, Ala., son of John and Mary A. Prince,
was born March, 1853, in Marengo county, Ala. He was baptized into
the fellowship of the Bethlehem Church by Rev. D. R. Willis the third
Sunday in April, 1871. In 1884 in the St. Philip’s Church, Selma,
he was set apart to the work of the gospel ministry by Revs. E. M.
Brawley, H. N. Bouey, C. R. Rodgers, L. P. Foster and the writer.
He attended Selma University under the different presidents--H.
Woodsmall, W. H. McAlpine, and E. M. Brawley. He began his education
by studying under a white man, whom he paid $1.00 a week. Attended a
public school after he was 23 years of age. He taught in the State
school. Is now district missionary. He is an industrious man and owns
good property.


Pullum, Rev. H. P., of Anniston, son of Lawrence and Caroline Pullum,
was born in Pickensville, Ala., March 23, 1862; baptized at Carrolton
August, 1882, and entered immediately upon the work of the ministry,
but was not ordained until March, 1889. At the request of the First
Colored Baptist Church at Bessemer, which he had organized and built
up, Mr. Pullum received the hands of ordination from Revs. P. Murrell,
W. A. Shirley, S. Page, A. J. Austin, D. M. Sewell, and J. C. Crawford.
He has a large following wherever he goes.


Purce, Rev. C. L., ex-president of Selma University, is noticed in this
work only so far as other authors have not been able to see him in his
peculiar relations to the work in Alabama.

It was in 1886, I think, in the most trying period of our history,
that Dr. Purce was unexpectedly called (upon the resignation of
Dr. E. M. Brawley) to assume the presidential office in the Selma
University. The school was burdened with $7,000 of debt, its credit was
about gone, its debtors were impatient, its supporters divided, and
denominational strife was at white heat. The former president was not
only a peculiarly brilliant and cultured man, but had enjoyed special
advantages looking toward fitness for the presidential chair. Many
feared for Mr. Purce.

However, it was thought by some that caution and economy were the
special characteristics called for by existing conditions. We needed
a man who could shun the strife of factions, keep cool under severe
pressure, and cause the school’s expenses to drop below its income.
Some who had watched Mr. Purce, were willing to trust him with the
difficult duties of this trying hour, and the writer records with much
pleasure, that he kept clear of the quarrels, and meanwhile did much to
remove the debt by putting the school on plain and well regulated fare.

Dr. Purce has done the Baptists of Alabama very praiseworthy service,
not only as an educator, but as an example in the matter of school
management; and those who follow him will profit by heeding his caution
and economy. And, to his honor it may be said, we have had no president
who has been more generally loved by the school.


Pyles, Rev. Carter, of Oxford, Ala., born in Talladega county, Alabama,
December 15, 1845, of Christian parents. He was baptized in 1865 by
Rev. Mr. Jenkins, a white minister, who devoted much of his time to
evangelical work among the colored people. In 1876 he was officially
set apart to the work of the gospel ministry by the Rev. Mr. Jenkins,
William Taylor and B. Snow. Mr. Pyles is among the leading men of the
Snow Creek Association. His pastorates at Jacksonville, Choccolocco and
other points prove him to be a leader of ability. He is now undertaking
a new work at Oxanna, Ala.


Rivers, Rev. E. C., of Talladega, Ala., was born January 5, 1847. He is
the eldest son of Mr. Edward and Mrs. H. J. Rivers, two very worthy old
citizens of Talladega. In his twenty-fourth year he was married to Miss
Jane Moore, of Talladega, by whom he has a large family of children.

He has a fair English education, having attended the Talladega College
for parts of five sessions. In 1867 he united with the Mt. Canaan
Baptist Church, Talladega, and was baptized by the late Rev. Phil.
Davis.

He was called to ordination by the Salem Baptist Church in 1884,
Revs. J. P. Barton and Moses Colly officiating in the rites. He is an
industrious, prudent man, and has accumulated property worth $3,000
or $4,000. At this time he is the moderator of the Rushing Springs
Association, over which he has presided with dignity for several years.
He is a model citizen and substantial man, sociable and aspiring.


Rivers, Rev. S. A., of Talladega, the son of Mr. Edward and Mrs. H.
J. Rivers, was born in Talladega, November 10, 1854. In a series of
meetings, held by the writer in Mt. Canaan Church, he was led to
exercise faith in the religion of Jesus Christ in 1876. In the same
year he was united with the church by baptism.

He immediately began laboring as a leader in Sunday School work,
in which he at once proved himself to be a very capable person. He
was soon appointed Sunday School Missionary for the Rushing Springs
Association, in which position he was remarkably successful. In 1877
he married Miss Elizabeth Walker, by whom he has three promising
daughters. He is a graduate from the theological department of the
Talladega College. He is an industrious business man, a Christian
gentleman, a clear thinker, a ready speaker, a social genius. No
man among us of his age has brighter prospects than he, none more
admired and loved. The manner in which he has succeeded, under trying
circumstances in the Mt. Canaan Church, is simply amazing. Toward God
he is faithful, toward man he is kind, gentle and full of service. He
was ordained in 1889 to take charge of the Mt. Canaan Church.

[Illustration: Rev. H. Woodsmall, of Franklin, Ind., First President
Selma University.]


Rivers, Rev. Alexander A., of Midway, Ala., the son of John and
Violet Rivers, was born near Glennville, Ala., in the year 1851.

In his twentieth year he was baptized into the Spring Hill Zion Church
by the Rev. A. Gachet, under whose preaching he had been led into
repentance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.

It was not long before he felt that he was called of God to the work
of the ministry. At the call of the Enon Church he was set apart to
the sacred office by the Revs. A. Gachet, P. Johnson and F. Randall.
Brother Rivers is one of the strong preachers and successful pastors
of the Eufaula Association. He has had very limited educational
advantages, but he is a constant reader of books and a close observer,
and hence he has made considerable educational attainments. He is
quiet, unassuming, even and hospitable. The writer enjoyed a very
pleasant stay with Brother and Sister Rivers at their home in Midway.
He once held a very fine pastorate in Texas, which he had to give up
because of the poor health of Mrs. Rivers and return to his old home in
Alabama.


Roach, Rev. Perkins, of Stevenson, father of Mrs. M. A. Boothe and
of Rev. Thomas Jefferson Roach, was born in Tennessee. He, with Rev.
Thomas Roach (who was the first ordained colored minister in Jackson
county), and Rev. Robert Caver, organized the work in northeast
Alabama. He was noted for his magnanimity and joyfulness of heart.
It is said that his life was as one continuous song of gladness.
When a child he was a house boy, which position brought him into
continual contact with persons who knew books. He so far utilized this
advantage as to learn to read, but his knowledge of writing was delayed
till since the close of the war his daughter (now Mrs. Boothe) had
sufficiently advanced in her studies to instruct him. This story is
told of him: During the war his mistress, the widow of Rev. Charles
Roach, Sr., fearing the Federal soldiers, left home and fled across the
Tennessee river into Sand Mountain. The slave remained at home to care
for things about the place. With the view of preventing want to the
widow and those who were with her, he, regardless of the dangers of his
undertaking, and while the shades of night hid his operations, would
bear across the river and up the mountain such things as he thought
they might need.

He has been dead some eighteen years. His widow, Mrs. Charlotte Roach,
has done nobly in rearing and educating the children.


Roach, Rev. Lewis, of Fackler, deserves mention as a hard working,
poorly paid gospel preacher. Many years he led the Mud Creek
Association as moderator. He, Rev. James Larkin, Rev. Lewis Henshaw,
and others, are trying to build an academy at Hollywood, Ala. They
deserve success.


Roach, Rev. T. J., of Hollywood, is an industrious and honorable man.
He has served the Mud Creek Association as missionary, has been pastor
at Bridgeport, and now preaches at Paint Rock.


Robinson, Rev. Isham, of Eureka, Talladega county, was born in
Greenville, S. C., October 10, 1814. While he was the property (?) of
Mr. John Truss (in 1833) he took to wife Miss Aggie Truss, by whom
there has been born unto him a large family of sons and daughters, who
are now grown and are honorable members of society. Brother Robinson
was baptized by a Rev. Mr. Joseph Byers in 1840. He said to the writer:
“I was licensed in 1850, but could not preach except when I could
secure the presence of two slaveholders. I was licensed by the Mount
Joy Church, the first church organized in our section of the State.
I was ordained in 1865, by a council over which Rev. A. J. Waldrop
presided. I was so hindered in my ministry in slavery time that Brother
Henry Wood and I covenanted together to take our case to God and beg
for liberty. We agreed that we would go at sunrise at least once each
week and pray to God for freedom. It was eighteen years before the
victory came, and often appearances caused our faith to waver.” Mr.
Robinson is now quite old, but is still in fair health. His sons are
leaders in the Baptist church and helpers in every good cause.


Rodgers, Rev. C. R., missionary for the western district of Alabama
under the American Baptist Publication Society, was born at Hamburg,
Perry county, Ala., August 4, 1859.

In early life he had opportunity to attend the country school of his
neighborhood, beginning under the instruction of Rev. G. J. Brooks, now
of Selma.

Living on the farm, his early activities were in line with his calling.
He was a farmer boy, and hence he drew his bread and bed from the
handles of the plow and the hoe.

In November, 1878, he entered Selma University, graduating from the
normal course in 1884, with Messrs. R. T. Pollard, L. J. Green, R.
B. Hudson, D. T. Gulley,--Hines, Miss S. A. Stone and Miss Eliza
Washington (now Mrs. R. T. Pollard). The next year he began the college
course and completed with Messrs. Pollard and Hines the sophomore year.

Mr. Rodgers was converted in his fifteenth year, and was baptized by
Rev. R. Windham September, 1874.

On June 11, 1884, he was set apart to the full work of the gospel
ministry in the St. Philip Street Church, Selma, by Drs. E. M. Brawley,
C. L. Purce and C. O. Boothe, aided by Revs. H. N. Bouey and G. J.
Brooks. From the time of his ordination till December, 1890, he served
the pastorate of the First Colored Baptist Church, Tuskegee, but
since this last date he has been successfully operating in his present
position.

In January, 1889, he was wedded to Miss Lily B. Foreman, of Opelika.
Bro. R. is a man of excellent spirit, quiet, unassuming, and makes
changes in men more on the order of the sunshine than in the manner of
the storm spoken of in the fable of the contest between sun and wind.
Perhaps no man among us has so few enemies as he has.

From 1889 to 1892, he has presided over the Auburn Association. He is
an easy, pleasant speaker, and a choice man.


Ross, Rev. S. L.--It was March 9, 1861, when the subject of this sketch
was born of slave parents--Luckie and Emily Ross--near Rehoboth, Wilcox
county, Ala.

He had the advantage of a pious, Christian mother, and was hopefully
converted at the age of 12 years, and united with the Pine Grove
Baptist Church by baptism, Rev. Wallace Richardson, pastor, officiating.

He was taught his “A B C’s” by his mother and grandfather. As soon as
free schools opened he was placed in school, which were simply poor,
_for schools in those days were kept, not taught_.

In December, 1879, he was sent to Selma for the purpose of attending
school. He united with the St. Philip Street Baptist Church--Rev. W.
A. Burch, pastor. For a number of years he was clerk of the church and
superintendent of the Sunday School.

It was while he was superintendent of the Sunday School that Mr. Ross
felt called to the gospel ministry, in order to a better preparation
for which he entered (1883) the Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological
School (now Selma University), where he spent a number of years.

Having received a call to the pastorate of the Hamburg Baptist Church,
near Marion, Mr. Ross was accordingly ordained March 31, 1889.
Ordaining council: Revs. Charles L. Purce, president Selma University;
R. T. Pollard, Sunday School Missionary; William Madison, J. H. Hunter
and L. J. Green. Dr. C. O. Boothe and Rev. Charles L. Fisher were also
present and participated.

Rev. Ross was married to Miss Emily C. Boyd, of Selma, August 7,
1889. October 1, of the same year he resigned the Hamburg Church, the
Forkland School, which he had taught for a number of years, to accept
the principalship of the Eutaw public schools, Eutaw; Mt. Olive Baptist
Church, Boligee, and Liberty Baptist Church, Blocton.

Owing to her thorough training and long experience as instructress
in the city schools of Selma, Mrs. Ross has contributed much to the
success of her husband.

Against the wishes of friends, patrons and churches he resigned his
school of 350 pupils and the two churches named, to accept the position
as treasurer and instructor in the State Colored Normal School, Normal,
Ala.

July 1, 1893, he severed his connection with that school and became
pastor of the Steele Street Baptist Church, Huntsville.

October 1 of the same year he resigned the pastorate of the Steele
Street Church to take charge of the Sunday School Missionary work in
the State under the American Baptist Publication Society, Philadelphia,
Pa., which position he now holds.


Savage, Rev. Daniel, of Mumford, pastor of several large churches,
deserves to be mentioned among the praiseworthy, busy men of the
Rushing Springs Association. He is held in high esteem for his
self-reliance, stainless reputation, agreeable manners, public spirit
and earnest Christian labors. He preaches for Shady Grove Church,
Jenifer, and Sycamore Church, Talladega. The writer has seen him during
the past fifteen years--in many meetings where there were hot words and
hotter feelings and yet with him there was the same quiet spirit, the
same smiling face. “He that ruleth his own spirit is better than he
that taketh a city.”


Sampson, Mr. James William, son of Rev. Green Sampson, of Wetumpka,
is a young man of high rank in the order of the Knights of Pythias,
but is no less a solid efficient member of the Shiloh Baptist Church,
of Birmingham. He deserves consideration as a man of discernment and
enterprise concerning racial questions and denominational interests.


Scott, Rev. John, late of Demopolis, led to the erection of the edifice
in which the First Colored Baptist Church of Demopolis now worships.
After the Rev. James Caldwell, Rev. Scott was the chief leader of the
people in his section. He died five or six years ago at about 50 years
of age, and his pastorate is now filled by the Rev. Mr. Wallace.


Scott, Rev. Anderson, is at this writing pastor of the Tabernacle
Church, in Birmingham, but began his ministry at Selma, where he
appears among the organizers of the work. He has undergone a good many
changes, but because of the presence of a very large amount of vitality
and will force he is still pushing on among his brethren. His life may
give this useful lesson, namely, “keep the face to the lion, never
give the back to the foe”--forgetting the things that lie behind us,
vigorously reach for the good that lies before us. Brother Scott is one
of the pioneers and his name lies in the foundations.


Scott, Rev. Henry, of Blocton, is of Maryland parentage. He is a man of
piety, of integrity and industry. He has labored as a missionary of
the Shelby Springs Association, and has rendered valuable services in
support of Selma University. He is an uncompromising foe of low morals.
Recently his health has been poor, and hence his work has been hindered.

When Selma University existed only in purpose he very substantially
aided the purpose toward materialization. He and Rev. D. L. Prentice
collected over a hundred dollars from one church and sent it up to the
writer in Talladega in 1876.


Shirley, Rev. W. A., was born in Tuscaloosa, Ala., June 12, 1857. He
began the work of mastering letters in his native city at the age of
seven years, by attending the public schools provided for by the State.
Later he attended three sessions (of nine months) of the city school
in Columbus, Miss. For seven years he worked in a whiskey saloon,
where, he says, that while at work behind the bar, he was converted
to the faith of the Christian religion. Joined the church in 1878 in
Mississippi, under the pastorate of Rev. T. L. Jordan. Studied theology
in the Presbyterian school at Tuscaloosa. Was ordained in the African
Baptist Church of Tuscaloosa under the pastorate of the Rev. J. M.
Mason. His pastorates have been at Hull’s and Birmingham, Ala.

For ten years he served the Antioch, Bethlehem Association, as clerk.
He has built three church edifices.

Mr. Shirley is possessed of that easy, joyous, friendly turn in manners
and address, which make him agreeable to all classes of reasonable
people. He is studious and observing, which fact, coupled with his
native talent, offers him an ever broadening field of operation as
the years shall come and go “Watch and pray that ye enter not into
temptation.”


Simmons, Rev. J. S., at present pastor of the Gadsden Church, son of
James and Annie Simmons, was born in Alabama August 16, 1859. He was
baptized by the Rev. Henry Stevens into the Greensboro Church May
27, 1878. Mr. Simmons is a man of talent, and is a graduate of the
Lincoln University, once located at Marion. He was set apart to the
work of the gospel ministry by the Sixteenth Street Church, Birmingham,
in April, 1889, Revs. W. R. Pettiford, D. D., A. C. Jackson, and R.
Donald, officiating as presbytery. Since his ordination he has served
the Galilee Church at Anniston, and now serves the church at Gadsden,
where his labors have been especially successful. Everywhere he has
borne the reputation of an honorable and pious man. He has been
fortunate in finding and winning a helpmeet for him in his spiritual
and intellectual labors in the person of a very excellent lady.


Simpson, Rev. I. T., of Selma, Ala., was born in this State August 1,
1858. He was baptized into the Belleville Church December, 1876, and in
1883, he was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry by Revs. D.
Shepherd and C. Travis. He attended the State University at Montgomery
and is now soon to close a course in Selma University. Brother Simpson
is a man of fine sense, is a good speaker, and with heed on his own
part, sympathy on the part of his people, and blessing from above, his
opportunities for increasing usefulness and honor are very encouraging.
Already he has attained a reputation as a pastor and builder as well as
orator.

P. S. Since the above was written, Brother Simpson has completed his
course at the University, and is now pastor at Opelika, where he is
already the peerless preacher and successful leader.

The writer has the good fortune to know something about the good order
of his home, and of the hospitality of his refined and agreeable
wife. He is peculiarly himself and not another--clear headed,
comprehensive, reasonable, self-reliant, genial, in his home as well as
in the public harness. Doubtless the historian who comes after, will
tell of the fruits which shall hang upon the ripened years of this
strong man. May God help him to remember that Sampson’s strength was
the source of his ruin. “Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty.”

[Illustration: Rev. J. E. A. Wilson, Pastor Rising Star Baptist Church,
Pratt City, Ala.]

Smith, Rev. G. S., is pastor of the Red Mountain Church Bessemer.


Steinback, Rev. L. S., ex-pastor African Baptist Church, Tuscaloosa,
was born in Marengo county, Ala., March 12, 1852. He was set free at 12
years of age.

He says: “One year, all the wages I received above my scanty meals and
rough clothes, was one dozen apples. Often I was glad to obtain a good
meal of parched corn. At 19 I worked in Uniontown for 50 cents a day.”

It was at this time that he learned his alphabet, studying at night
school. He says that as he went to his meals and to his work, his
spelling book was ever with him. He attended school after he had
married--using such time as he could spare after crops were “laid by.”

He was ordained to the ministry in October, 1883, Revs. John Scott,
F. Gilbert and A. Wright officiating as presbytery. By industry and
perseverance, he has been able to teach in the free public schools of
the State, has been missionary in his association, and is now pastor of
one of our largest churches. He lives, he says, on his own plantation,
for which he has paid three thousand dollars.

This is an example which is well calculated to encourage poor,
struggling young men to overcome difficulties and rise anyhow--rise in
spite of difficulties. Brother Steinback has served the pastorate of
the Tuscaloosa Church and also edits a newspaper, _The Christian Hope_.


Stevens, Rev. Henry, of Uniontown, son of Harry and Agnes Stevens,
was born near Port Royal, Va., May 5, 1820. At the age of 21 he was
baptized into Flat Run Church, Orange county, Va., by the Rev. B.
Hodge. He came to Alabama in 1843, at which time he began to speak
concerning the grace of God in the redemption of sinners. In 1845 he
began for the first time to read the sacred Scriptures, and in the same
year he married Miss Clarissa Clay, by whom ten children were born to
him.

Mr. Stevens was one of nature’s noblemen. He was an honest, outspoken
man, an orderly citizen, and a very forcible preacher of the plain old
gospel.

In 1868 he was fully set apart to the work of the gospel ministry by
his white brethren, Revs. T. M. Bailey and Drs. McIntosh and Curry.

His every word was believed by all who knew him, and his perfect
honesty no man doubted. For nine consecutive years he was moderator
of the Uniontown Association. He was one of the founders of the State
Convention, and also of the Selma University. In 1890 he exchanged the
cross for the crown, dying as he had lived, loved and respected by all.
He left his family in possession of good property, worth about $5,000,
and, above all, a name that has no blemish. Often our school sought
refuge from want in the purse of Elder Stevens. He was two years older
than his brother Washington, who died before him in Montgomery.


Stokes, Rev. A. J., pastor of Columbus Street Church, Montgomery, was
born in Orangeburg county, S. C., July 25, 1858. He was led to exercise
faith in Christ at the age of twelve and a half years. He entered the
work of the ministry in the Methodist church, but soon became convinced
of the correctness of Baptist views, and, joining the Baptist people,
he was baptized by Rev. Edward Green, of Branchwell, S. C., May,
1871. After studying two terms in Crafting University and two terms
in the State University, he entered Benedict College, from which he
graduated in 1884. In 1874 he was solemnly set apart to the work of
the gospel ministry by Revs. E. Green, Jacob Govan, Henry Harvey, and
Harry Reeves. Brother Stokes has been missionary, editor and school
commissioner, and is one of the most successful preachers and pastors
in all the land. During the two months in which he has been preaching
in Montgomery he has added, by baptism, about 500 members. The writer
tried to learn something of his methods, by visiting his meetings
and young people’s classes, and the following points seem worthy of
mention; his preaching is characterized:

1. By the idea of salvation by grace through simple faith.

2. By narrative and portraiture and illustration. There is no cold
obtruse reasoning nor loud emptiness in his speeches.

3. By pointedness and sympathy. Each man seems to feel that the pastor
is talking to him and that the heart that speaks has a care and
tenderness for all.

Then he is sociable, approachable to all, from the lowest to the
highest, old folks and children, rich and poor, great and small, wise
and otherwise--all seem to find in him a ready echo. In view of his
power and of his youth, prayer spontaneously rises to God that he may
be kept in watching, in humility, in faith and in faithful service.

It is worthy of remark that during his short time with Columbus Street
Church, he has bought a neat and valuable parsonage for the church from
means raised above the necessary expenses.


Taylor, Rev. William, Choccolocco, was born in April, 1836, in the
State of Georgia. He was the property (?) of a Mr. B. Jenks, whose
daughter married a Mr. Taylor. He says, “When in my ninth year my
mother bade me farewell with this charge: ‘Don’t kill, don’t steal,
don’t keep bad company, don’t be impolite to old people, don’t be
disobedient to those who own you, and you will never be abused.’ I
have never seen her face since, but her words have ever been with me
to confirm me in the right way.” Brother Taylor has now been in the
ministry about twenty-four years, having entered upon his public career
1868. He is one of the leading men of the Snow Creek Association, and
has attained to a fair knowledge of letters, though he has had no
educational advantages. Brother Taylor has been careful of the welfare
of his family and interested in the affairs of the house of God. He
lives on his own farm near Choccolocco, respected by his neighbors,
both white and colored.

[Illustration: Rev. W. A. Shirley, Pastor Sardis Baptist Church, Enon
Ridge.]


Thornton, Rev. Elbert, of Union Springs, son of E. Thornton and Matilda
Thornton, was born in the State of Georgia, December 8, 1838. In 1853
he was moved into Barbour county, Alabama, where he remained till he
was emancipated in 1865. In June, 1861, he was baptized into the white
Baptist Church at Midway, Ala., by the Rev. Mr. Brooks. In 1868 he was
united with the church at Union Springs, and was one among the colored
brethren who drew out from the white church to organize a colored
Baptist Church in Union Springs--the first colored church in Bullock
county. He was chosen one of the first deacons. It was not long ere
his brethren urged him to enter the work of the ministry, which, under
a deep sense of duty and after some hesitancy, he did. On the 5th day
of June, 1874, at the call of his church, he was solemnly set apart to
the sacred office of the gospel ministry by Revs. C. H. Thornton, B.
Clark and others. When he took charge of the church it was in debt, but
this debt was soon removed and the membership was increased, during
six years pastorate, from 48 to 188, and the pastor’s salary was raised
from $30 a year to $25 per month. From 1874 to 1881 he was moderator of
Pine Grove Association, and since his return from his gospel labors in
Arkansas he has been re-elected. Brother Thornton is no less commanding
in his personal appearance than he is in his strong, clear intellect.
He is a strong leader.


Thornton, Rev. C. H., of Aberfoil, Bullock county, was born in North
Carolina, in 1842. He was baptized in 1862 by a Rev. Mr. Brooks, of
Midway. In 1869 he was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry
by Revs. R. Wright and J. C. Jett. He organized and built up the
Aberfoil Church. For several years he was moderator of the Pine Grove
Association. Mr. Thornton is a strong, industrious, economical,
persevering man. He has obtained property worth about $3,000. The
people whom he serves at Aberfoil are honorable and aspiring, and hence
each--pastor and people--finds in the other the elements of success.

It was within his comfortable home that the writer, weary from overwork
and exposure in constant travel, found in February, 1890, a quiet
retreat in which to finish “Plain Theology for Plain People.”


Troupe, Rev. Aaron, of Town Creek, Lawrence county, was born February
14, 1851, in Morgan county, Ala. Immediately after the close of the war
his parents moved to Courtland, Ala., where Aaron was brought up. He
was baptized in 1869 by Rev. John Bell, the pastor of Red Bank Church.
Feeling that it was his duty to preach the gospel, and not willing to
enter upon such a responsible mission without previous preparation, he,
for about four sessions, attended the Selma University, known at that
time as the Normal and Theological School. On his return home he taught
in the public schools. On May 16, 1886, he was ordained to the work of
the ministry by Revs. G. Garth, M. J. Hooks, A. J. Owens and M. James.
Brother Troupe has served in the church at Huntsville, and is now the
successful pastor of Macedonia, near Town Creek. In 1882 he labored as
district missionary under the Publication Society. He promises well. He
and his brother, Deacon Troupe, are in the bone and sinew of the north
Alabama work, and in them every good thing finds a ready echo and a
tangible response.


Tyler, Rev. Mansfield, of Lowndesboro, was born about twelve miles from
Augusta, Ga., in the month of November, 1826. When very young he was
moved into the city of Augusta and lived in the family of his great
aunt, the wife of Rev. Jacob Walker. He was early brought under the
influences of the Springfield Baptist Church of that city--a church of
colored people, which as early as 1845 was reported as numbering 1,100
members, and it was added: “This large community, with the pastor and a
large corps of exhorters, are all of the colored race.” Rev. M. Tyler
remained in this Christian family and attended the services of the
above named church till he was 18 years of age. He says: “I was with
them when the stars fell.”

At this time, as he was a slave, he was removed by his master to the
State of Alabama, where he has remained until this writing. In April,
1855, he made a public profession of faith in Christ and united with
the people of God by baptism. Shortly after this he felt impressed with
a call to enter the work of the gospel ministry. This call he tried to
obey as far as his condition and fitness would allow. “The work,” he
says, “was exceeding difficult, as we were not allowed to know books
and might receive only oral instruction on religious subjects.” When
a very young man he married his first wife, with whom he lived for
twenty-six years--till her death.

At the close of the war he located at Lowndesboro, where he went
immediately to work to organize a colored Baptist church. Success
attended his ministry and many were brought to faith in Christ. In 1867
he succeeded in organizing the colored Baptist church in Lowndesboro.
On June 27, 1868, he was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry,
since which time he has baptized 1,000 persons into the Lowndesboro
church and 500 at White Hall.

When the Alabama District Association was organized in 1871, he was
elected moderator, and is moderator at this time. He was a leader
in the organization of the Baptist State Convention, over which he
presided from 1876 to 1886. He is one of the originators, stockholders,
and trustees of the Selma University, and is now, and from the
beginning of the University, has been the chairman of the board of
trustees. He is a man dearly beloved.

In recognition of his Christian manliness, his faithful labors, and
his knowledge of the word of God, the above named university in 1890
conferred upon him the honorary title of D. D.

He is studious, industrious, devout, urbane; and though he is now about
68 years of age, he is still so full of sunshine as to be acceptable to
youth as he is to old age. His present wife heartily joins him in every
good word and work.

He has succeeded in accumulating considerable property, and is greatly
to be praised for the care he has bestowed upon the culture of his
sons. He has been among the chief financial supports of all the worthy
measures of the denomination. He is very sociable, and possesses rare
powers as a preacher. No man in Alabama has so much power over the
Alabama Baptists as Dr. Tyler; his works as well as words make him the
beloved.


Walker, Rev. William, of Avondale, was born November 30, 1848, near
Jacksonville, Ala. In August of 1866 he was baptized into Bethel
Baptist Church, Alexandria, by Rev. George W. Brewton. Mr. Walker’s
ordination took place in August, 1876, Revs. G. W. Brewton, S. L.
McLean and James Miller officiating as presbytery. It was late in life
ere he came upon opportunities for book learning, but finally some
good white friends, seeing his desire to learn, assisted him in making
a beginning upon which he has made a fair improvement. His preaching
is characterized by self-abnegation, application to the subject, and
earnestness of style. Indeed in several regards he is really a strong
preacher. He is no less forcible in the pulpit than he is agreeable
in the parlor. He has served the pastorates at Gadsden and Anniston,
and now presides over the church at Ashville. The following will give
some evidence of his standing among all classes: While the Wills Creek
Association was in session a few weeks ago in Ashville the white
Baptists allowed him the use of the house of worship for the session,
and the Rev. Mr. Montgomery (white), of this town, informs me that the
white people aid in his support, some of them constantly attending upon
his services.

[Illustration: Rev. L. S. Steinback, Pastor Second Baptist Church,
Demopolis, Ala.]


Walker, Rev. T. W., of Birmingham, the son of Rev. Emanuel and
Charlotte Walker, the property (?) of Benjamin Walker, of Coosa county,
Alabama, was born in Coosa county, Alabama, September 5, 1852.

He joined the old Elam Baptist Church, Montgomery county, Alabama, in
May, 1879, and was baptized by Rev. Jerry Cole in the same month. On
February 26, 1884, he was ordained to the gospel ministry at the call
of the Sixth Avenue Church, in the city of Birmingham, by Revs. W. R.
Pettiford and J. R. Capers. His success has been marvelous.

The writer first met the subject of this sketch in Montgomery county
in the year 1879, when, though he was not a Christian, he was acting
as Sunday School superintendent. He says that on this occasion the
question, “How can you lead others in the road to heaven when you,
yourself, are not walking therein?” destroyed all his carnal security
and false ease, and was the beginning of a change in his life.

I doubt if any man among us has had more power over the masses than
he. While he was building the Sixth Avenue Church there was a constant
demand for more room for his audiences. And since he has been serving
at the Shiloh Church, the writer has seen not only the building filled
to its utmost capacity, but hundreds of eager listeners standing
without at the door.

Those who know him best feel that his power over the masses is largely
owing to his common sense, goodness of heart, and his simple, steady
faith in God, his cool self-reliance and his hard work for and among
the masses of the people.

Future historians will no doubt find reasons for recording his name
high on the best pages of their books.[2]

He relates the following incidents of his early childhood: “When I
was five years of age, I, for the first time, enjoyed a ride to town.
When I got off the wagon Mr. Harrison rolled up my shirt sleeves and
the legs of my pants and placed me on a block on the street in the
middle of a great crowd of people. I enjoyed it, as I seemed to be the
person especially noticed by all. I saw my mother and father weeping,
but I could see no reason for it. When I came down from the block, I,
with two sisters and a brother, went home with a Mr. House, where the
crack of the whip, the yelp of the hound and the howl of the wolf were
the most frequent sounds that fell upon my ear. The fact and horrors
of slavery were first branded into my heart by the tying and whipping
of my father before my eyes. When I asked father what it meant, he
replied: ‘The lash which I fear will soon fall upon yourself, my son,
will too early explain what is meant.’”

A white man to whom he hired himself taught him at night his alphabet,
and started him to spelling and reading during his eighteenth year, and
now he reads, writes, and manages his own figures in business. He is a
grand man.

He has organized a building and loan association with about 2,000
members.

[2] See chapters on Sixth Avenue and Shiloh Churches, Birmingham, and
the Mt. Pilgrim Association.


Ware, Rev. William, of East Lake, Jefferson county, Ala., was born
in said county October 5, 1837. He was converted to Christianity
in his thirteenth year, and was baptized into Union Church, near
Birmingham--that is, where the city now is--by the Rev. Willis Burns
(white). He was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry November,
1868, by Revs. Edmond Burris and Allen McAlpine.

The Rev. A. J. Waldrop (white) says of Bro. Ware: “We never had in
Jefferson county a man of more stainless character. He is not an
educated man, but he is earnest, honorable and upright.”

The writer has found Bro. Ware to be one of the meekest and gentlest
of men. He, with Rev. Henry Wood, organized the Mt. Zion Church in
1878, and he was the first moderator of the Mt. Pilgrim Association. He
has held various pastorates, and has held them always with credit to
himself and profit to the cause.

He lives on his own pleasant home and quiet farm a few miles northwest
of East Lake. He is still an active worker, and enjoys the love and
confidence of the people among whom his light so long has shone to the
glory of God.


Ware, Rev. Berry, was one of the pioneers of the work in Shelby,
Jefferson and Talladega counties. Few men in those early days had more
power over the masses than he. He died some sixteen or seventeen years
ago, and I have nothing of his history or nativity. He baptized the
Rev. D. L. Prentice, and started the church at Aldrich.


Webb, Rev. George W., of Eufaula, Ala., was born in Russell county,
Ala., in 1844. Fortunately for him, Capt. W. H. Redd carried him,
while he was still quite young, to Columbus, Ga., where his perceptive
mind was permitted to imbibe such ideas of refinement as did not exist
on the plantation. Here, under the advice of his parents, he entered
upon a sort of irregular course of study, which led to some success in
book knowledge. As Gen. Wilson’s army was passing through Georgia, he
enlisted as a soldier, remaining in service till he was mustered out in
1866.

He was baptized into the fellowship of the white Baptist church at
Abbeville, Ala., by the Rev. L. R. Sims. In 1868 he married Miss Eliza
Collins, and in 1869 was among those who led in the organization of a
colored Baptist church at Abbeville. In 1870 he assisted in organizing
the “East Alabama and West Florida Association.” In 1873 he moved to
Eufaula. He was ordained to the gospel ministry about 1874-75. Mr. Webb
is a very energetic man and a successful builder of churches. He took a
leading part in the organization of the Eufaula District Sunday School
Convention, and much of its success is due to his missionary labors. He
is a friend of education and missions, and believes in progress on all
lines.


Whatley, Rev. W. H., of White Plains, is of Georgia nativity, but
came to Alabama while young. Without doubt Mr. Whatley is the most
influential man in Calhoun county, and yet no man in the county is
more modest, deferential and unassuming. He is a man of power, and yet
he does not seem to know anything about it. For years he has been the
moderator of the Snow Creek Association, and except something unusual
shall occur he will continue to preside for years to come.

I know of no moderator who has better government in his association
than Mr. Whatley, and yet there seems to be no effort to command. He
exercises an oversight over every branch of his associational work,
appearing in all the general meetings, whether the interest at stake
pertains to local church work, to missions, to education, or to Sunday
School. He is an ex-student of the Georgia school, and attended while
it was located at Augusta. And it is a fact, much to the credit of his
white brethren, that they made it possible for him to attend school. He
lives on his own valuable farm amid his children, who are now maturing,
his son Charles being now a young man.


White, Rev. E. C., of Tuscumbia, was born about the year 1842 in
Chester county, S. C. In 1859 his master brought him to Alabama,
where he has since resided. He was converted the fourth Lord’s day in
October, 1869, and in the same month was baptized into the Russellville
church by the late Rev. P. Jones.

Brother White says: “In April, 1868, my wife was baptized by the Rev.
W. E. Northcross, and her devoted life constrained me to desire peace
with God. My wife overthrew all my old ways and lovingly compelled me
into the ways of the Lord.” At once he became zealous for the cause of
Christ, and soon began to speak as opportunity offered itself, first at
Russellville and then at Tuscumbia. At the request of a church which he
had built up near Tuscumbia, Rev. W. E. Northcross called a council,
and on October 8, 1873, solemnly set him apart to the office of the
ministry. He has attained to some knowledge of books, of which he is
still an industrious student. Before his whole time was employed in the
ministry he taught in the public schools.

The good people of Russellville and Florence have long held to him as
pastor.

Brother White owes much to his excellent, Christian wife, who has been
a helpmeet for him since 1865. He is a hospitable brother and faithful
Christian minister.


White, Rev. J. W., the son of Claburne and Elizabeth Hatcher, was born
in Dallas county, Ala., in October, 1839, eleven miles south of Selma,
on the Alabama River. He takes his name from the Mr. White who owned
his mother. He was baptized into the St. Phillip Street Baptist Church,
Selma, by Rev. John Blevins, in September, 1868. He was ordained to the
work of the ministry by the above named church, in August, 1875, Revs.
J. Dosier, J. Carter, Henry Stevens, and John Blevins, officiating
presbytery. Bro. White was at one time moderator of the Uniontown
Association; was for some months missionary under the American Baptist
Publication Society; was pastor, at different times, of the Mt. Zion,
the Summerfield, the St. Paul, and the Providence Churches, near Selma;
was pastor at Camden, Ala., and recently retired from the pastorate
of the Sixth Avenue Church, Birmingham. He has from the first been
officially connected with the Selma University, in which he studied
for about three sessions, being the first ministerial student who was
enrolled. He is an earnest preacher and a studious man, so that it may
be said of him that he is an elevator of the people on all lines. He
relates the following story: “During the war, and at a time when things
looked rather dark for the South, my stepfather and I were attending a
Presbyterian meeting, when he was called on to pray God to ‘drive back
our enemies.’ Father prayed: ‘O Lord, drive back our enemies.’ When we
were at home alone I told him that I found fault with his prayer, for
it was really against the interest of his people. The old man answered:
‘The _our_ meant the colored people, and the word _enemies_ referred to
our oppressive chains.’”

At this time, extending from a time long before, there was an organized
prayer circle in Selma, which met on every Friday night beneath a great
oak tree in the woods to pray to God to bring liberty to the slave.
Brethren Alex. Goldsby and Charles White were among the leaders of this
meeting. Doubtless Bro. J. W. White knew of this meeting and of its
purpose, and hence was hardly prepared to hear a prayer so seemingly
contrary to the wishes and needs of his people.


Wilhite, Rev. J. Q. A., of Selma, was born August 13, 1854, in
Louisville, Ky. He was baptized in 1866, and in 1878 was ordained to
the office of the gospel ministry in his native city. The presbytery
of the occasion was Revs. C. C. Stamm, D. A. Gaddie, W. W. Taylor and
others. Shortly after this he entered the gospel work in Alabama,
beginning as pastor of the Second Baptist Church, Eufaula. He came to
supersede the Rev. Mr. Bassett, who for some reason had returned to
Indiana. Under his administration the Eufaula Church rose into success
and beauty unequaled by anything that had passed before. Beginning
with 1886 he was for several consecutive years financial agent for
Selma University. Resigning this work he was for sometime pastor of the
church at Uniontown, where he was attended by his usual prosperity,
both in gathering the people and in raising finances. This position he
resigned in order to assume once more the office of financier for the
University. At the present writing he is treasurer of the University.

Mr. Wilhite’s success is largely owing to the following: Self-reliance,
industry, tact, perseverance, adaptability of himself and methods to
the condition of the people.

He is an ex-student of the Roger Williams University, Nashville.

In 1872 he wedded Miss Kate Talbert, who has presented him with a
large family of promising young folks, to whose education he is giving
special attention. He is to be commended for that economy, as well
as industry, which has enabled him to possess a comfortable home for
himself and loved ones. He has not been forgetful of the welfare of
them over whom God has made him guardian. Like very few preachers, he
is a good business man as well as a good preacher.

P. S.--He has recently built a brick edifice at Uniontown. He is now a
successful pastor in Birmingham.


Wilson, Rev. J. E. A., pastor of the First Colored Baptist Church,
Pratt City, comes to our denomination from the Methodist Church. He was
born January 1, 1861, in Fayette county, Alabama, and was led to submit
to Christ as his Savior, September, 1882. He was regularly inducted
into the Baptist ministry, September 27, 1887, by the laying on of the
hands of a council consisting of Revs. A. C. Jackson, V. Huntington
and others. He has served acceptably at Patton, Corona and Jasper.
He is unpretending, quiet, brotherly and has a good report from all
circles. His school advantages have been rather meagre, but with his
youthful vigor and self-control, coupled with the abundant facilities
for an increase of knowledge common to these times, he may yet be a
man of learning and a leader in letters. Of course no man can hope to
attain to knowledge beyond his ability to study forever and without any
thought of tiring or despairing.

Notwithstanding he is a man of strong emotions, he has rare executive
ability and is hard to equal as a leader.


Wood, Rev. Henry, of Talladega, was born August 15, 1825, in
Greenville, S. C. His father was a lawyer in South Carolina. He came
to Alabama with his mother when eleven months old, and was settled in
Jefferson county, near Elyton.

He was baptized into the white church by Rev. Joseph Bias, who, at the
time, gave it as his opinion that “Henry” would be a preacher. Ordained
to the work of the gospel ministry just after the war (1867), he was a
timely instrument in the special mission of organization. Mr. Wood has
been one of the pioneers of our work in Jefferson, Talladega, Calhoun
and St. Clair counties. In speaking of his struggle after knowledge in
slavery time, he says: “I had been reading for some time and had begun
to learn to write fairly well, when the fact came to the notice of the
white people. They tied me up and laid 600 lashes on my back; and, I
tell you, I lost all my knowledge of writing after this.” Referring
to his missionary and pioneer work since freedom, he relates the
following: “For the most part the white people have treated me well.
Sometimes, however, I have been troubled with drunkards and ‘negro
whippers.’ As I was riding on my missionary work in Blount county, I
once met a man who gave me such a crack over my shoulders with his
horse whip as almost broke the skin; but as I did not so much as look
toward my abuser, he let me go with no further harm. I passed on,
thanking God that it was no worse with me.”

Brother Wood is a man of excellent spirit--is as jovial as he is
earnest. His life has been temperate and chaste, and he is approaching
the death shadows and the tomb with triumph and in peace. He has
occupied good pastorates and honorable places in the associations. His
first wife (Miss Dicey Truss, whom he married in 1844), has preceded
him to the goodly land, and both their children have passed before him.
He now lives in Talladega with his second wife (the widow of Mr. Thomas
Barclay), in very easy circumstances, and still finds plenty of work to
do in the cause of the Master. Few men are more widely known and more
generally beloved than he. For wrath and malice he is entirely a child.
Nothing could more surprise his brethren than to see him in a fit of
ugly temper, or to hear from his lips expressions of ill will. Brother
Wood speaks in praise of Revs. Messrs. McCain, Mynett and Law (white)
as friends to their colored brethren in the time of the latter’s
weakness and inexperience in church work.

P. S.--Our dear Brother Wood has gone to his crown on the ever bright
shore. Peace hover over thy dust, O thou man of God!

[Illustration: St. Louis Street Baptist Church, Mobile, Ala., Rev. J.
L. Frazier, Pastor.]


Wood, Rev. R. T., of Huffman, pastor of Pleasant Hill Church, and
son of Mr. Henderson Wood, of the same place, is the eleventh child
of a family of thirteen children. While he was still very small two
older brothers were killed by the “K. K. K.,” which clan terrorized
the country after the close of the war. In consequence of which sad
incident, it is thought, his father died of mental depression, leaving
the subject of our sketch without a father’s presence, guidance and
support. Nothing daunted by this host of sorrows and misfortunes,
Mr. Wood, industriously and with patient spirit, notwithstanding his
delicate constitution, gave himself to such engagements as came to his
hand, making horse collars and brooms as well as aiding his widowed
mother in spinning, knitting and weaving. In his thirteenth year he was
minded to seek for peace with God, and, so at an early age, he began to
attain to experiences of grace which have increased with the growth of
years.

Evidently the family is possessed of sterling qualities, as may be seen
in their aspiration and courage. The other members of the family whom I
have met live an independent home life in the mountains near Huffman.
Mr. Wood hopes he may find an opening through which to enter the
mission field in Africa, and his name has been sent in to the mission
authorities. If his life should be spared for a maturer development he
will be a tower of strength in good things. He is a graduate from the
Grammar Department of Selma University, in which institution he expects
to take a higher course.

[Illustration]




BIOGRAPHICAL SUPPLEMENT.


It is to be regretted, perhaps, that this volume has in it a feature
which must be considered a supplement. But doubtless the author will be
excused when he tells the reader that many have delayed till now--long
after the completion of the book--to send in their names. New men,
strong men, have lately come to us from other States--men whose names
could not well go into the main body of the book, for the reason that
this has been done for some time. Also, young men of our own State have
risen into such favorable notoriety as to merit honorable notice.

In the body of the book I have placed the names of persons in their
alphabetical order. Not so here: I have entered the names as they came
into my hands. The printer was hurrying me, and I could not stay for
proprieties.

       *       *       *       *       *


Clark, Mr. Peter F., son of P. F. and Daphney Clark, was born in
Hale county, Ala., near Gallion, on the Taylor plantation. He first
attended what in his neighborhood was known as the Vaughn Hill School,
and afterward studied at a night school taught, he says, “by one who
would have been my mistress had slavery continued.” Bro. Clark has
been remarkably successful in business, which is largely due to his
industry, economy and courteous manners. He is vice-president of the
Penny Savings Bank in Birmingham, as well as one of the directors.
In speaking of the line of work out of which he derived his start in
business affairs, he remarked to the writer: “I remained with one firm
twelve years.” As we see his success in the light of this statement, we
are reminded of the old saying, “The rolling stone gathers no moss.” So
many fail on all lines because they move about so much. Mr. Clark is
sociable, hospitable, and courteous.


O’Riley, Rev. J. P., pastor at Compton and Trussville, gives the
following sketch of himself: “I was born in Saint Croix, Danish
West Indies, August 1, 1850. In 1870 I entered a Catholic school
in Baltimore, with a view to preparing for the priesthood. In 1874
I joined the Protestant church, and in 1880 I was ordained to the
ministry of the Baptist denomination. My pastorates in Alabama have
been in connection with the St. Paul Church at Greenville, Coalburg
Chapel, Mt. Nebo at Patton, Mt. Joy at Trussville, and Mt. Olive at
Compton.”

Bro. O’Riley is a vigorous worker, and is blessed with social qualities
which make him an agreeable companion.


Frazier, Rev. Jeremiah Lemuel, son of Richard and Phœbe Frazier, was
born in Abbeville county, S. C., June 18, 1857. He says: “My parents
were among the poorest of the slaves.” In 1867 his parents moved to
Florida, where, in 1874, their son was baptized into the Bethlehem
Baptist Church, near Madison county Court House.

_His Education._--He has had no public school advantages, but being
possessed of a quiet, appreciative, observing, aspiring turn of mind,
he availed himself of such educational facilities as came in his way.
In the fall of 1874, he entered a night school and continued his
studies during the long nights of the winter, paying the teacher one
dollar per month. Being called off from this advantage by the demands
of the farm, he sought knowledge in the Sunday School, and in the study
of such books as he could command. He speaks with pleasure of the fact
that his mother prayed that he might learn to read the Bible, that he
did learn to read it, and that he read it to her in her weary hours of
sickness. The affectionate son is now the affectionate man.

_His Work, etc._--On informing his pastor that he was called to preach,
he was advised to take up a course of study, which he did, continuing
it for about ten years, during which time, 1878, he was wedded to Miss
Ida Paul, a young lady sufficiently skilled in letters to render him
valuable service in his books. He was ordained in March, 1885, to take
charge of the Zion Baptist Church, Enterprise, Fla., since which time
he has been pastor in Sanford, Fla. He is now the beloved, successful
pastor of the St. Louis Street Church, Mobile, Ala. He is a good
preacher, good pastor, good financier, good man. The above named church
was organized in 1854; their building is worth $20,000.


Keller, Rev. R. H., of Birmingham. This young man is brought into
special prominence by his missionary operations in the “Magic City.”
He began at Avondale as pastor, but seeing that so many people were
absenting themselves from the churches, he conceived the idea that
where the people would not or could not go to the gospel, the gospel
should go to them. Mr. Keller went to work at his idea, speaking in
empty store houses, etc., in the most ignorant and most polluted
neighborhoods or sections of the city, to such of the people as he
could induce to attend. At last he stirred such interest in favor of
his project and plans as influenced many of the good people of the
white churches to render substantial aid.

At present all the white and all the colored ministers of
Birmingham--except the Catholic and Episcopal--are united in Mr.
Keller’s support. It is rather a strange fact in gospel work that
this man should thus represent both races and all creeds. His talks
before the white people, so I’m informed, have caused the white women
of Birmingham to propose a work upon their part that has for its object
the betterment of the home life of the colored people.

“The Union Conference of the White and Colored Ministers of Birmingham”
is a result of Mr. Keller’s labors. Evidently he is a man of strong
hope in and strong grasp upon his purpose as well as patience, amidst
discouragements.


Loveless, Hon. H. A., of Montgomery, was born November 24, 1854, near
Union Springs, in Bullock county, Ala. His ex-master retained him on
the old farm for five years after the war was over on the plea that
his mother was unable to assume his management and support. Finally,
however, he escaped to Montgomery, where he found employment for small
wages. Being industrious and economical, he soon obtained a little
money ahead which he invested in the butcher’s business. His business
tact, push, courage, kindness of heart, politeness and integrity soon
won for him the confidence and respect of his neighbors, who marked him
as a youth of merit and promise. He soon became an earnest, consistent
Christian man, from whose hands the poor and needy were daily fed, and
at whose house pastors and their families were entertained for years
without cost.

Now (1895) in addition to his old business of butcher, he operates
a hack and dray line, a coal and wood yard, and an undertaker’s
establishment, giving constant employment to about twenty-five persons
at a daily outlay of about $25. His wife, once Miss Lucy Arrington,
whom he married in 1875, is a suitable help for him, no less in his
labors of love than in his business enterprises. He is worth not less
than $15,000. His life is an inspiration to poor young men starting
the journey of life. Mr. Loveless is an honest man, which in the
language of another, is the noblest work of God. The character of the
man may be seen in his advice to his laborers: “Pay your debts if it
takes the last cent you have.”


Eason, Rev. James Henry.--Among the younger and scholarly men of
Alabama is Rev. James Henry Eason. This energetic Christian worker and
model of moral courage was born October 24, 1866, in the “piney” woods,
eight miles from Sumterville, Sumter county, Ala.--fifteen miles from
the railroad.

His father, Jesse Eason, has served as deacon in the Sumterville
Baptist Church for a number of years, and is highly respected by both
races in his community.

His mother, Chaney Eason, is a faithful Christian worker in the
church, as well as a devoted wife and mother. Mr. Eason’s strength of
character, talent and success are, to a large degree, heritages from
this good woman. His mother taught him his alphabet one Sabbath when he
was only five years of age. The early part of his life was spent with
his parents on the farm, and he attended public school near his home.
His first teacher was a Mr. Poe, a white man, who said to him, as they
were coming from school one day: “You will be a smart man one of these
days.”

James did not advance very far in his books under this teacher, who
taught the old method of going through the spelling book first, next
the reader and then review. Besides, the schools only lasted three
months in each year. His marked improvement was not made until his
parents moved to Sumterville, and he began studying under Rev. C. R.
Rodgers and H. D. Perry from Selma University. It was in the Wednesday
evening prayer meetings, held in the school by Rev. C. R. Rodgers,
he received a deep and effectual religious impression. A year
afterward--October, 1881--he was baptized into the Sumterville Baptist
Church by Rev. G. Lowe. In November of the same year he entered the
Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological School at Selma, Ala., now Selma
University. In 1885 he graduated from this institution with the highest
honors of his class--his class being the second class to graduate from
this institution. Along with the normal course he took the college
preparatory course, and began his college course in the fall of 1885.
After spending about two years in this course he abandoned it on
account of financial embarrassment and other unfavorable circumstances.
To this point he had kept himself in school by working on the farm
during the summer months.

In 1883 he took a little school at Ohio, Ala., and in 1886 he canvassed
and sold the _Colored Chieftain_. In 1887 he was elected principal
of Garfield Academy, Auburn, Ala. It was in this position his noble
qualities claimed the attention of the public as a teacher and
preacher--yes, as a leader. Here the desire of higher education burnt
again upon his heart and, against the protest of patrons, he resigned
this position and entered Richmond Theological Seminary, Richmond, Va.,
in 1887. After three years of hard study he graduated ahead of his
class in 1890 with the degree of B. D., and returned to Alabama and
began work as professor of mathematics in Selma University--a position
he still holds. He was ordained in Tabernacle Baptist Church, Selma,
Ala., in 1891, and took charge of Union Baptist Church, near Marion,
Ala. He has baptized one hundred persons. He is moderator of New Cahaba
Association, and managing editor of the _Baptist Leader_. As a teacher
he is admired by the pupils and respected by the faculty. He is a hard
student and takes high rank as a preacher, and excels in persuasive
oratory. He is original, broad minded and good natured, and is much
respected among the brethren of the State.

[Illustration: Rev. T. W. Walker, Pastor Shiloh Baptist Church,
Birmingham, Ala. Moderator Mt. Pilgrim Association.]


Mason, Dr. Ulysses Grant.--We feel justified in saying, that among the
rising and foremost young men of Alabama is the one whose name heads
this article. He is the youngest son of Mary and Isaac Mason; was born
November 20, 1872, in Birmingham, Ala., which city is still his home.

Until the age of 16 his school advantages were limited to the rural
districts, where educational facilities were few. But his desire to
learn soon exhausted the shallow draughts of the primary school, and
therefore he entered the State Normal School at Huntsville, Ala., now
located at Normal, Ala., where he drank more freely from the deeper
springs of science and art. Aside from his regular course, he pursued
the carpenter’s trade, at which his success was soon apparent; for,
two months after entering, he was advanced to the position of foreman
over some of his older colleagues. He graduated from the above named
school June 1, 1891. As a student and teacher the thought uppermost in
his mind was that of serving his race by helping to lift it to a higher
plane of intellectual culture, for he was not slow to see the moral
and physical disadvantages under which it was laboring. To effect this
result, he dedicated all his energies to the social and educational
betterment of his race. After finishing the course at this school, he
taught, as a stepping stone to further usefulness, having held with
honor and respect the principalship of the Calera public school. He
resigned this position, much to the regret of the school board and
patrons, to enter the Meharry Medical College, Nashville. His success
as a student of medicine surpassed even his previous career, causing
the surprise and even the envy of many who claimed to have towered far
above him in the literary world. He was appointed prescriptionist
for the clinic, and assistant professor of clinical medicine in the
absence of Prof. R. F. Boyd, B. S., M. D., D. D. S., in which capacity
he proved very efficient. He refused the honor of valedictorian of his
class, and was unanimously elected treasurer.

Dr. Mason is now located at his home, Birmingham, Ala., and is one of
our best physicians. His kindly and affable manner has won to him the
love and confidence of all. There can be no question as to his future
success, as this is assured in his good qualities, skill, and the
confidence of the people.


Sisson, Rev. Samuel S.--The subject of this sketch was born in the
little town of White Plains, Calhoun county, Ala., June 11, 1863. He
lived with his parents on a plantation, helping them in every possible
way. He was converted and baptized in 1871. He attended the public
schools as opportunity allowed him. In 1882, being convinced that
he was called to preach, he entered the Alabama Baptist Normal and
Theological School (now Selma University), under the presidency of Dr.
W. H. McAlpine. Here he studied hard, paying his own way.

In 1884 he was called as pastor of the Baptist Church at Stock Mill,
Ala., Cherokee county. He served this church four years, during which
time he baptized and added to the church 250 persons. Not being
satisfied with his education, he returned to Selma University in 1888.
He was in school only two months when he was asked to supply the pulpit
of the St. Philip Street Baptist Church, Selma, Ala., as pastor pro tem.

He served them in this capacity three months, when he was elected
pastor, in which capacity he served the church about five years. A
great many doubted the ability of the young Timothy to stand in the
shoes of such noted theologians as Rev. Wm. A. Burch and Dr. C. O.
Boothe. He himself felt that his task was very difficult. He could only
trust in Him whose power is inexhaustible.

It was not long until his congregation outnumbered any other in the
city. He states that during his five years as pastor he added 1,142
members to the church. Six hundred and forty-two by baptism.

He also laid plans to build a new church. Three thousand three hundred
and ninety-seven dollars, so he informs the writer, was raised under
his administration for the new church building. Feeling that his work
was about accomplished in this field, he resigned as pastor in the fall
of 1893. He was then called to Milton, Fla., to pastor the Mt. Pilgrim
Baptist Church. He served the church only five months. His own State,
Alabama, not being willing to give him up, he accepted a call by the
Jerusalem Baptist Church, Bessemer, Ala. He is now serving this church
and is building up a strong congregation for the Master. He is active
in church work and much loved by his brethren throughout the State.

In 1888 he married Mrs. Roxie Drake, of Auburn, Ala., and to this
fortunate union is due much of his success. She is to-day the organist
of his church. Rev. Sisson has high hopes for the future of his people
and does everything possible to advance them. He is friendly and,
therefore, has friends everywhere he works. He is a hard student of
God’s word. As a preacher he is sound in practice and doctrine.


Jordan, Mrs. Dinah Smith, was born in Walker county, Ala., March 26,
1869. Her early days were spent in Arkadelphia, Blount county, and in
1883 she came with her mother to live in Birmingham, Ala. Mrs. Jordan,
from a child, loved to read that Book of all books the best, the Holy
Bible, and in April, 1885, gave her heart to God. The new-found love
in her heart now brought new motives and new aspirations into her
life. She was in a new kingdom, and wanted to work for her King. A
sermon preached by her pastor, Rev. W. R. Pettiford, on “Christian
Growth and Usefulness,” very deeply impressed this young Christian,
and to this day is an inspiration to her. Another one whom she dearly
loved was Mrs. M. A. Ehlers, a missionary under the Women’s Baptist
Home Mission Society, who was at that time in Birmingham, and who she
says will never know the help she has been to her in her Christian
life, until the lights of Eternity dawn upon her. She began by doing
the little things that came to her hands to do--faithfully attending
the services of her church, bringing children to the Sunday school, and
seeking in her home to honor her Savior. As grand a motive may be had
in doing those things which in the eyes of the world seem small as in
doing that which the world calls great and admires; and Mrs. Jordan, we
believe, had this _true_ motive, the love of Christ constraining her.

Her marriage, which took place on June 7, 1887, to Mr. Andrew Jordan,
had been made a subject of special prayer. The husband thinks he has
one of the best of Christians in his wife, and through her consistent
life he was led, in the fall of 1892, to say, as did Ruth of old:
“Thy God shall be my God.” The Women’s Missionary Society opened up
new avenues of usefulness to her, and as they came she gladly went
forward--visiting the sick, doing religious visiting in the homes of
non-church-goers, and holding fireside schools for the children in
her neighborhood. She rejoices that in these she has had the blessed
privilege of directing the minds of the little ones to Jesus. Her
work as teacher in one of the industrial schools conducted by the
missionaries has been faithful, earnest, and a means of great strength
to them, and her gentle ways have won the love of the pupils.

She loves the work of the young people, and is a member of the board of
the associational B.Y.P.U. Her consistent Christian life in her home
and in the circles in which she moves has made her life a blessing to
all.


Duncan, Mrs. M. D.--This lady who began and is now operating a female
academy, was born in the year 1864, March 8, in Jefferson county, Ala.
She, for one, has made her mark in life. She professed a hope in the
Lord Jesus Christ, in the year 1876--was baptized by Rev. E. T. Winkler
(white), and joined the Baptist church of Marion, Ala. She worked her
way in school. After she finished the primary department (taught by
Mrs. Frances Nickerson,) she entered the Lincoln Normal University,
where she was graduated in 1882. Then she was thrown out on the great
voyage of life, to meet the many hindrances and obstacles that fall
in the pathway of life. But being a brave and persevering woman, she
triumphed over them all. She commenced teaching school in 1879, in
Marion, Perry county. In 1882, she taught a three months’ term in Bibb
county. She was then highly recommended by the President of L. N.
University to Tuskaloosa, where she taught in the city school for two
terms; then removed to York Station, Sumter county, and there taught
two terms, and in 1889, taught one term in Forkland, Greene county. She
was then called to Demopolis, to take charge of the Female Institute,
where, for five years, and up to the present time, she has given mutual
satisfaction to the entire city and community.

The above is given to show the spirit of enterprise among us and to
excite others to work on the same line.

       *       *       *       *       *


Closing the chapter which brings into prominence notable individuals
of the denomination, the author feels that it is only just to remark
that many of the most cultured and deserving of our number are not
mentioned. This comes of the facts that limited means made the
production of a large book impossible, while, on the other hand, as the
author was hard pressed with other business, his survey of the field
was necessarily imperfect. Such persons as the learned and industrious
Prof. J. W. Beverly, of the State School at Montgomery; Prof. A. H.
Parker, principal of one of the city schools of Birmingham; Prof. R.
B. Hudson, principal of the City School of Selma; Prof. E. W. Knight,
of the faculty of Selma University; Prof. Phillips, principal of one
of the city schools of Montgomery; Mr. Edgar A. Long, the business
manager of the “Alabama Publishing Company,” Birmingham; Mrs. A. A.
Bowe, teacher of the sewing department of Selma University; Mrs. M.
A. Boothe, the first president of the Colored W. C. T. U. of Alabama,
and Mrs. S. L. Ross, the first secretary; Mrs. S. A. Hardy (once
Miss Stone) who led the women in their successful money effort in
interest of our brick school building at Selma; Mrs. C. Copeland
and Miss Octavia B. Boothe, who have been in the employ of the
Baptist Women’s Home Mission Societies as missionaries; Mrs. Amanda
Tyler, of Lowndesboro; Mrs. R. T. Pollard and Mrs. S. H. Wright, of
Montgomery; Mrs. Rebecca E. Pitts, of Uniontown; Mrs. Alice Gray, of
Talladega; Mrs. Lula Patterson (once Miss Lula Watkins), the very
capable teacher of music in Selma University; Doctors Robert and
Felix Tyler, of Lowndesboro; Prof. Samuel Roebuck, of Elyton; Rev. T.
W. Robinson, of Gurleys; Rev. H. Zimmerman, the efficient leader of
Bibb County Association; Mrs. Nancy Nickerson, the first teacher of
colored children in Perry county; Rev. F. L. Jordan, pastor of the
Sixteenth Street Church, Birmingham--of all these, with many other
worthy persons, our book fails to give any notice. Their absence from
the biographic sketches is to be accounted for solely in the reasons
mentioned, namely, that means were limited and the author’s time
and energy were divided between so many different lines of work as
necessitated an imperfect survey of the field.

[Illustration]




V. SUMMARY.


We now turn our pen toward the conclusion, on our way to which we will
briefly consider: (1) From whence we have come; (2) How we have come;
(3) The point we now occupy.


I. FROM WHENCE WE HAVE COME.

We have seen the tree--dwarfed and yellow-leafed--in the sterile
rock-bound soil of the mountain peak, and we have felt that its life
was a mere existence, a mere hair’s-breadth remove from death. The
fearful regime of slavery had reduced the mental life of the Negro
to the point where its activity was a simple, natural struggle for
existence. By the terms mental life are designated especially the
knowing faculties and voluntary powers, as well as that part of the
emotional nature that has to do with character-making. I mean to
say that in his intellect, will, and moral sense, the Negro was, by
slavery, reduced to the minimum. It could not be otherwise for these
reasons: (_a_) It was unlawful for him to know books; he must know
nothing save what his master told him, and must never ask for a reason.
(_b_) He was not allowed to have any will of his own except in minor
points, with reference to a brute or a fellow slave. His master’s will
was substituted for his, and out of his master’s choice his words and
deeds must proceed, even as concerned the most sacred relations of
life. At his master’s choice he took the wife, and at his choice he
gave up the wife. (_c_) He was not allowed to have any conscience,
except where his master had no choice. Whatever the master _said_ the
slave must do, that he _must do_, conscience or no conscience. Now this
state of things had gone on for over 200 years. From this condition
we came forth into liberty, and with this eking existence of wilted
life we must make a beginning as freemen. With nothing of that sort of
manhood which comes only of the well ordered domestic circle, we had to
put our shoulders beneath burdens which come of the family institution.
The duties of citizenship were imposed upon us, notwithstanding we had
never felt or studied anything of the privileges and obligations which
center in individual sovereignty. Though we were ignorant of the gospel
for the most part and knew nothing of the order of business in church
meetings, we found ourselves suddenly forced into the management of
church affairs. We had now to look to our own heads for light, to our
own hearts for courage, and to our own consciences for moral dictation.
So much for the hinderances from within ourselves.

[Illustration: Rev. J. W. Jackson, Pastor Eufaula Baptist Church.]


CHANGE IN THE SOCIAL STATUS OF THE SOUTH.

The master and the slave were each pulled from his place as by a mighty
force--a force which did no little tearing on both sides, especially
on the side of master. For this reason the master was sore. The South
had grown rich in slaves. This property the war pulled from its fists,
and left in its midst. The Southern people who were rich one day were
poor the next day. That the presence of the former slave, clothed in
the sovereignty of citizenship, amidst his ex-master’s poverty, should
chafe and madden the master, there can be no wonder. Well, it did
madden him, and because of this fact the pioneer Negro leader often
found himself “headed off” or hindered with reference to some church or
school project in his mind. Often did he hide or turn from his course
to escape punishment or death by the hands of persons who suspicioned
him as a bad man to be among “the Negroes of the neighborhood.” The
writer has had many narrow escapes and painful experiences.

We needed help, but whither should we go to obtain it? Thank God for
the few white people who had grace in such a time to extend a helping
hand to us in our and in their time of weakness.


II. HOW WE HAVE COME.

(_a_) Not long since a white merchant of this state remarked to me:
“No people have ever improved so much in so short a time as your
people have.” I replied: “I think no people ever had a more faithful,
self-sacrificing leadership.” I think it may be said of us that we have
done what we could. The work began when we owned neither land for home
nor land for church house--when there was no church, no association,
no mission board to offer any pay for labor. I speak of course of
the rule. True, there were a few colored churches in “slavery time,”
three missionary and one primitive; but what were three churches in
the midst of such a vast population, scattered over so much territory?
What could they do in their poverty and want of training to support 400
or 500 pioneer organizers? We went to the battle at our own charges.
With homeless mothers and fathers, with homeless wives and children,
and with oppression on every side--with all these burdens and much
more which cannot be told, upon us--we bravely undertook the work of
building the walls of Zion. The writer knows a minister who, (between
1866 and 1875, especially between ’66-’77, during the reign of the “K.
K. Klan,” when the people could not in many places be induced to open
their doors after dark for fear of being shot), has endured some of
the severest privations and performed some of the hardest toils known
to the ministry, at his own charges. This case is only one in hundreds.
Our ministry, whatever the faults and imperfections which have attended
them, have wrought nobly and wrought to good results.

The following will serve to show why the writer is inclined to
believe these early pioneers were often especially favored of God in
controlling the people for good: On one occasion two preachers met for
the first time. The younger man spoke, and the elder was one of the
hearers. The sermon was ended. The two preachers, approaching each
other and grasping hands, spoke to each other thus: The younger man:
“I feel the Lord wants me to preach, but I am not able to preach.” The
elder man: “God has called you to preach the gospel, but you are not
now in the spirit of the ministry. You are proud and ’pend too much
upon yourself. You get self out so God can fill you up with his spirit.
Go and pray to God for the spirit of the gospel ministry.” This advice
was heeded and the end revealed the correctness of the elder man’s
views. Another case:

A young man of some attainment in letters, who taught school under the
“Freedmen’s Bureau,” being anxious to rid himself of a sense of duty
to preach the gospel, decided to go off to another state where his
church connections were unknown. He did so. After he had quit the train
and put down his baggage at the home of a family who had consented to
entertain him, and as evening drew on, he was requested by his hostess
to attend the preaching which was to come off at a neighbor’s house
that evening (there was no church house). The young man went. A pen
picture of the preacher is given after this fashion: Lean, brown skin
man, whose shirt showed much of his breast; whose feet were sockless
and in shoes which left the toes uncovered; whose stiff locks held a
comb. He told us of a wicked city that was laying beneath the pending
judgments of God.

It needed a message of warning--only this, and it would face about
and clothe itself in humble penitence. God had the message, and He
imparted it to the messenger and ordered him to go. Here the preacher
drew a picture of Jonah: He is shrinking from his glorious charge--has
his back toward Nineveh, and is fleeing in an opposite direction; is
boarding a ship that he may go to regions over the sea; is going down
into the hold of the ship; is fast asleep. Here the storm and the
raging deep receive notice: A cloud rises and quickly covers the skies;
winds attend it with a fury hitherto unknown to the shipmen, who seem
at once to discern in the storm the tokens of judgment; the sea is
wild; the sailors, as a last resort, awake Jonah and cast lots; the lot
falls upon Jonah, and he is cast into the maddened sea, where a sea
monster swallows him. At this point, changing his voice more into the
imperative tone, the preacher said: “I ’spect there is a Jonah here
to-night, and I warn him to take the message of his God and carry it to
poor, lost sinners who do not know their right hands from their left;
I warn him to go before he shall be in the belly of hell.” The reader
is left to imagine how this affected the young school teacher who was
fleeing from his duty. In some parts of Limestone county the people use
an improvised lamp, the oil vessel of which is a snuff bottle. This
is a rough vessel, but it holds the oil which feeds the flame. This
reminds us of Mr. Spurgeon’s beer-bottle candlestick. Well, I want to
say that God used these men, whatever were their imperfections--they
had power. But we have had help from without.

(_a_) Our white neighbors--some of them, at least--have aided us. They
have helped us build our church houses and, in some cases, contributed
to our schools. They have taught in our Sunday schools, preached in
our pulpits, helped us in the work of organizing associations, etc.
They have taught ministers’ classes and held ministers’ institutes
among us. The writer once held the position of teacher of institutes
under the appointment and support of the white Baptist Convention of
Alabama, and Dr. McAlpine now serves under the appointment of the
Southern Board. Several of our best men were enabled to attend the Home
Mission schools on money given by their white brethren.

(_b_) We have been improved by our public schools. It is a strange
providence which, in our public school system, now returns upon the
black man something of the interest due him in consideration of
unrewarded labors. These schools have given us some choice men and
women, who are strong in the work of the church. However, it is in
place to say that we have not derived from our public school system all
the good which it is capable of bestowing, first, because poor teachers
have far too often been put upon the people. But, on the other hand,
there has been loss because we have not properly appreciated our needs
and opportunities, as considered from an educational point of view. The
sessions of the public schools could be supplemented and extended in
most cases so as to cover six or eight months of each year.

(_c_) The Publication Society has rendered substantial aid in the gift
of books to our ministers and Sunday Schools as well as by the personal
touch and teaching of their Sunday School Missionaries.

(_d_) The Missionary Societies of the Baptist women of Chicago and
Boston have done a great work among us. Their good missionaries, such
as Misses Moore, Knapp, Voss and others whose names will ever be
precious to our people, have given themselves to work among our women
and girls. They have breathed into our home life their beautiful piety,
and they have acquainted our mission bands and church workers with
the latest and best methods of labor. We have seen with their eyes and
felt with their hearts.

[Illustration: First Baptist Church, Selma, Ala. C. J. Hardy, Pastor.]

(_e_) The Selma University, with one exception, is the source of our
greatest blessing. It is simply impossible to estimate the good that
has come to Alabama Baptists out of this institution. What it has done
is beyond the power of calculation. Only Omniscience can reckon up the
good effects of its power upon the people. God be praised for Selma
University! When we began the school in 1878, we hadn’t one single
graduate in our midst. Since that time graduates have gone forth as
follows:


1884.

R. T. Pollard, S. A. Stone, W. W. Posey, T. H. Posey, R. B. Hudson, L.
J. Green, C. R. Rodgers, A. A. Bowie, D. T. Gully, A. W. Hines, and
Miss Washington, now Mrs. R. T. Pollard.


1885.

J. A. Anthony, W. E Large, J. H. Eason and Mrs. Thompson.


1886.

W. S. Matthews, H. L. Thomas, Dr. L. L. Burwell and Mrs. H. M. Baker.


1887.

M. M. Archer, S. H. Campbell, J. C. Copeland, W. T. Bibb, W. A. Watson,
F. P. Tyler, J. H. Culver, P. A. Kigh, C. H. Patterson, Mrs. R. B.
Hudson, Mrs. A. W. Hines, Vannie Brooks.


1888.

S. H. Abrams, D. A. Bible, R. D. Taylor, Mrs. M. F. Wilson, E. J.
Nelson and Mary F. Williams.


1889.

R. M. Williams, E. L. Blackman, Mrs. P. F. Clark, Mrs. W. T. Bibb, P.
E. Gresham, D. L. Prentice, J. R. Willis and Dr. W. R. Pettiford.


1890.

W. J. Bryson, R. T. Payne, J. F. Payne, Dr. R. Tyler, Dr. L. Roberts,
E. W. Knight, J. C. Leftwich, L. A. Sinkler, Mrs. W. B. Johnson, Mrs.
G. A. Brown, Wm. Cooper, Emma Garrett, M. Turner, Mary L. Smith, P. S.
L. Hutchins.


1891.

P. B. Taylor, C. E. Clayton, Mary Osborne, Lula Gray, Ida M. Wilhite,
Viola Hudson, Mamie C. Welch, A. M. Jackson, J. McConico, J. H.
Hutchinson, M. M. Porter, E. T. Taylor.


1892.

R. L. Hill, G. P. Adams, E. M. Carter, W. T. Coleman, I. B. Kigh, B. R.
Smith, Chas. White Jr., M. J. Brown, A. E. Gilliam, Pattie Richardson,
Amelia Tyler and Maggie Johnson.


1893.

J. A. Graham, W. M. Montgomery, H. E. Grogan, Eva Green.


1894.

I. T. Simpson, C. J. Davis, W. H. Wilhite, Annie Stone, T. W. Calvary
and Eliza Fuller (Mrs. Knight).


1895.

Lula E. Ware, Annie L. Jones, Comer E. Carter, Benjamin F. Sanders,
Lila L. Jones, Julia L. Sanders, Mary F. McCord, Emma P. Jones, Earnest
W. Brown and Donnie E. Hillson.

We see very little that these names mean except we associate them
with the masses of the people in the various walks of social and
business life. But, associating them thus, we see them as so many stars
lighting up the dark places around them. However, to do this is by
no means to place ourselves where we can see the _whole_ truth. What
has been wrought upon the thousands of students who failed to finish
the prescribed course? They are elevated and they have borne their
elevation to their neighbors. From their teachers and from the refining
atmosphere of the school, they have drunken purer thoughts, loftier
aims and a stronger manhood. This they have carried to others less
favored than themselves, and now it works as the leaven in the dough.
Again, the school has strengthened us by its weight upon our hearts and
hands. Labor, well directed, develops strength in the laborer. We are
greater because we have been compelled to care for that institution,
and it has caused us to have faith in ourselves. We now know that it
is possible for us to maintain an educational work. It is needless to
say that by means of it, we have looked larger in the eyes of others.
Somehow, he who can _do something good_ and _great_ commands our
respect.

(_f_) The Home Mission Society.--This society has served us to greater
results than any other agency. To this society the university owes
above half the money which has given it support all these years. They
have given us missionary aid which has served to produce higher life
and better order in our churches and associations. And from their
schools beyond our state we have received many of our most capable
persons, among whom we may mention Drs. Dinkins, Purce, Stokes, Owens,
our eloquent Fisher, and Jones, our scholarly Peterson, the urbane
Jackson of Eufaula, the industrious Bradford, and others whose names I
cannot at this moment recall. Mrs. C. S. Dinkins, as well as Mrs. C. O.
Boothe, came to us from the Roger Williams University, a Home Mission
Society School. But what has been said will suffice to show us how we
have come to be a wiser and a better people than we were thirty years
ago. And if we see what has blessed us in the years gone by, no doubt
we shall be able to see that the same things may, if we will permit
them to do so, bless us in the years to come. May our steps not be
forgotten by our children.


III. THE POINT WE NOW OCCUPY.

Thirty years we have been beneath the opportunities and duties of free
manhood, which is to say that for thirty years we have been associated
with the family institution as husband, as wife, as parent, as sister,
as brother, as son, and as daughter. Three decades with the family,
developing affection and making patience.

Thirty years of business life has passed upon us, which is to say
that we have for this length of time been associated with those facts
which grow out of our physical wants, such as labor, system, economy,
competition, skill, etc.

We have had thirty years over our own consciences, over our own wills,
over our own church affairs. We have had thirty years with books and
schools. We have had thirty years under the duties of citizenship. What
have we attained to in this time? Have these years given us any fruits?
Are we where we were in 1865? Let us see.


(_a_) Church Property.--At the close of the war we owned (?) two frame
buildings in Mobile and owned (?) the brick basement of the building
now occupied by our white brethren in Selma, worth--all told--about
$8,000. We now own nine brick buildings, worth not less than $100,000
above their indebtedness. And we cannot make an estimate of the church
property whereon are frame structures. The property of this sort in
the city of Birmingham and vicinity is worth $15,000, in Montgomery
$26,000, in Mobile $12,000, in Talladega $10,000, in Greensboro $3,000,
in Eufaula $6,000, in Tuskegee $2,500, in Opelika $2,500, in Eutaw
$2,000, in Demopolis $3,000, in Decatur $1,500, in Florence $1,500,
in Courtland $1,200, in Gadsden $2,000. But, it is not intended, and
is not necessary, to mention every point, as the aim is to show that
throughout the State we have churches in their own quarters, on their
own land. Everywhere we have put our work not only into mind but we
have put it into dirt, brick and stone. Two hundred and fifty thousand
dollars worth of church property scattered throughout the State, as it
is, affords a good foundation for future operation.

[Illustration: Miss Joanna P. Moore, Nashville, Tenn., thirty years
Missionary to the Colored People of the South.]

(_b_) School Property.--Our school at Selma is now worth about $30,000.
It was bought in 1878 for $3,000, and has been in constant operation
ever since, though at one time a debt of about $8,000 threatened its
life. We owe a debt of a little over $3,000 at this time. The Howard
College, the leading school of our white brethren, owes it is said a
debt of about $33,000, and lately the report has come to the writer
that the management had thought of assigning, because they could not
see how they could raise money enough to meet the interest. I mention
this only to show that our struggles are similar to the struggles of
other good people, and that we have abundant cause for rejoicing and
hope.

Well, we have in Selma University an educational foundation. The Marion
Academy, worth about $2,000, begins academies.


(_c_) Educated Men and Women.--Over one hundred young people have
received diplomas from Selma University. Graduates have come to Alabama
from other States. Baptists have graduated from other schools in this
State--schools like Talladega and Tuskegee, the school at Huntsville,
and the school at Montgomery. This statement of facts is calculated
to turn our minds toward a possibility and prophecy of the near
approach--even on the part of the masses--of that state of mind which
lives and moves in the higher pleasures and to the more sacred ends of
life.


(_d_) Homes.--The wandering life which characterized the masses of
the people in 1865, is fast giving place to settled home life. We
have invested hundreds of thousands of dollars in town lots and farm
lands, where we are quietly and contentedly rearing our loved ones,
studying the good of our community, and arranging for the prosperity
of the house of God. In other words, we are fixtures in the country
and fixtures in the cities and towns. We have attained to affairs--to
the possession of money and other forms of material value--so that we
have power in the world of exchange. Prof. B. T. Washington is a wonder
among men as the builder and manager of the greatest school in Alabama,
and his friend, Mr. Logan, proves that the colored men can manage
great money schemes, while Mr. B. H. Hudson and others, of Birmingham,
establish the Negro as a banker.


(_e_) Organizations.--We are now together--acquainted, organized.
In the beginning of 1865, the minister in one part of the State did
not know the minister in the other part. There was no union, no
plan of agreement. Now there are about 800 churches, all organized
into associations. Each church may be reached and affected through
its association, with regard to any line of work. We have created a
strong sentiment in favor of education and a strong sentiment against
intemperance, so that the masses of the people may be easily led in
right directions. The day of pioneering lies behind us, and most of
the pioneers are gone to their long home. We are now at the point
for action on new lines. As individual Christians we need to turn
our attention more directly upon the one aim of human life, namely,
_God-like character building_ in ourselves and in them with whom we
have to do. As churches, we need to see to it not only that we win
souls, but that we train them in Christian work also. All other points
being equal, the trained soldier is the man to trust with the battle.
The Sunday school work and the young people’s unions are very available
as training institutions. May God put it into the hearts of the leaders
of this new day and new chapter in our history to see to it that these
organizations shall serve the ends for which they are so well suited.
May their hearts wholly enter into the possibilities and purposes of
every sacred organization!

I take courage, and there arises in my mind glorious prospects coming
down the future, as I see the faith and push of our Sunday school and
our women’s conventions. If our present Sunday school leaders should
succeed in wrapping their mantles about men who will be as faithful
under the midday light as they have been in the dawning, the future
must find an ever broadening compass of Bible influence, and an
ever-increasing beauty in our words and lives.


THE WOMEN’S CONVENTION--A HIGH POINT.

The Women’s State Convention organized in 1886, marks a new era in the
history of our denomination. The present brick building on our school
grounds owes its existence chiefly to this organization. They came into
the field in a dark time, and at a time when the wheels of the school
dragged heavily. The circumstances which sent Miss S. A. Stone before
the people of the State seemed a providence. The time, the conditions,
needed the heart of a woman to control them. And the Women’s Convention
conquered the hardness of heart and the division of opinion, prevailing
among the people, by sending Miss Stone among them. Most grandly did
she conquer. Well, what is the lesson here? It is this: let the women
still be encouraged, let them continue to operate. We need all our
forces in line.

Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon Mesdames G. J. Brooks, R. T.
Pollard, C. J. Hardy, A. A. Bowie, W. R. Pettiford, A. J. Gray, M.
Tyler, S. H. Wright, E. W. Armstead, J. A. Craig and the other noble
women associated with them, for the services they have rendered the
state in the support they have given their Convention. The times demand
that this work shall still be faithfully continued. I am glad that we
are up in our ideas of woman, and the fact that we are argues progress
on our part.

It is a praiseworthy fact that we colored Baptists occupy advanced
ground with regard to the questions which involve the powers and rights
of women. I remember that upon one occasion just after the close of the
war, my mother returned from church rather disgusted because a woman
had been called upon to lead in public prayer. Now, too, the singing,
the reading and the praying in our congregations, are assuming forms
suited to our advanced or advancing state of mind. The song is suited
to the text and fewer stanzas are sung. The music is not so slow and
is rendered with more harmony and life. In the sermon, the preacher
aims to give his audience _thoughts_ rather than _feelings_, and
longs to make his hearers _wiser_ rather than _happier_. He who reads
the Bible to others, whether he reads in family or church, reads by
paragraphs--taking in a single thought or fact at the time--in place
of the old custom of reading a whole chapter in connection with which
no one idea was raised into prominence. In short our gospel reformers
seem now to realize that saving faith in the truth is that exercise
of soul regarding truth that satisfies the intellect, impresses the
sensibilities and bows the will beneath the gospel forms and gospel
spirit. Of course this is not true of all our teachers, but it is
true of many of them; and the tendency upon the part of the whole
people is in this direction. Individual human essence leavened with
the Divine essence, is the goal in the eye of the representative
leader of our people. Largely we have attained to the confidence of
our white brethren. In the union conference of the white and the
colored ministers of Birmingham, recently held, I plainly saw that the
white Baptist ministers were more at ease with the colored brethren
than the white ministers of other denominations, except perhaps, the
Presbyterian brethren. And I think they were not so much disturbed
about the social question. I call attention to this fact in order to
say that their joint work with us has enabled them to see our good
qualities and concede to us the claims which belong to intellectual and
moral culture. And as our Christian culture shall widen its radius and
deepen its impressions upon all who may be touched by us, the prejudice
and barriers incident to our color must retire behind the curtains of
the past.

    “Were I so tall to reach the pole,
      Could grasp creation in my span;
    I’d still be measured by my soul--
      The mind’s the standard of the man.”

I delight to record that we are attaining to humility as a Christian
grace. This is the crowning grace. Some years ago the writer called
at the home of Dr. J. M. Pendleton, in Upland, Pa. The doctor was
upstairs. A servant answered the door bell, and the visitor was
conducted to the parlor to await the famous man’s entrance. As the
visitor was in every way a very little man, and as he thought of Dr. P.
as being in every way a very large person, he feared the sound of every
footstep. He expected to be over-awed by the majesty and dignity of the
great man. As the door knob turned he was almost annihilated. But how
different the sight! There stood the noted writer in the spirit of a
child. How mighty, yet, how meek and lowly! How charming, how winning
was this child-like simplicity and hospitality! With the bewitching
smiles and musical tones of childish innocence, he repeated, “Brother
Boothe, from Alabama, I suppose.”

[Illustration: Rev. C. J. Hardy, Pastor First Baptist Church, Selma,
Ala.]

Toward this end we, too, are coming. The time has been when the best
man among us would air his big words, hang out his learning (?), strut
because of a fine suit, boast of his school advantages, laud his
superior graces, gloat in his empty titles. Not so now. To be meek and
lowly in heart, to be full of prayer and watchfulness, to be charitable
and self-abasing, to be pure and pious--these things are before us now.

The old plan of collecting money for church work regardless of system
and regardless of the duty associated with Christian giving, must also
soon retire to the past; for forces are now appearing which will work
as the leaven in the dough.

Dr. Pettiford has recently brought out a book titled, “God’s Revenue
System,” wherein the author labors to bring before the people the Bible
methods of giving. Arguments are presented and proof texts are given in
their support. This work is being widely circulated among the churches
and ministers. And the writer served a church where the following plan
prevailed: At the end of each year the church appointed a committee to
figure on the expenses of the ensuing year, and to help the members
and friends apportion the burden among themselves according to their
several abilities. Each person took upon himself what he thought he
might be able to pay, and dividing his share as the church might have
need, he paid it in installments. Usually the money was collected in
the conference meetings. Another church came under my notice that had
in it “the tithe band,” which gave a tenth of their income to the house
of God. In a session of the Sea Coast Association I witnessed the
following, it was what they called “Women’s Day:”

One woman, holding her money in her hand, said: “I am president of a
mission band which meets once a month to learn of our duty to missions.
We tax ourselves one nickle a month, and this is our donation to the
work.”

Another said: “I raise chickens. One hen in my yard I’ve given to God.
This money is from her eggs and chickens.”

Still another: “In my orange orchard there are some trees which I have
dedicated to God. The money which comes of the sale of the fruit grown
on these trees goes to the cause of Christ.” And she laid her donation
on the table.

In a Christian home I saw on the mantelpiece a little box marked,
“God’s bank.” Into this money was dropped at stated seasons in order
that there might never be any want of consecrated money in the house.
In a certain home sickness had cut off income. The missionary secretary
sent to this home for money. In order that a donation might be sent
in, the family agreed to leave the sugar off the table for a certain
length of time. Thus a small amount was saved for the cause of Christ.
Thank God, that truth on all lines is finding an echo in our souls! We
are not only learning the value of money and enterprise, but we are
also learning that “a man’s life consisteth not in the abundance of the
things which he possesses.”

Wedlock is becoming more sacred. More and more the people are growing
into a responsiveness to the sacredness of the marriage relation. The
husband has increased in knowledge regarding his duty to his wife; the
wife sees better her relation to her husband; the parents more clearly
perceive what is possible and proper with reference to their children;
and, therefore, we can claim thousands of homes which are sources of
refinement, of love, and of purest pleasure. Music is brought in,
and in many homes the family choir contributes to the enjoyment of
children and parents, whose hearts feast upon mutual, sweet affection.
Not long ago the writer had the pleasure of receiving the hospitality
of a family in which such a choir existed. Each member had his place
somewhere on the staff; either he was in the tenor, or in the alto,
or in the soprano, or in the bass. Mother, father and children
delightfully partook of the feast of song. Their Scripture lesson was
not a long, disjointed chapter, but a single thought, namely: “The
wisdom that is from above.” Its qualities were considered--they were:
(1) Pure; (2) peaceable; (3) gentle; (4) approachable; (5) merciful;
(6) fruitful of good works; (7) impartial; and (8) honest. This lesson
was in a scheme on the blackboard, kept in the home for such purposes,
thus:

                    { 1. Purity.
                    { 2. Peaceableness.
                    { 3. Gentleness.
 Heavenly Wisdom,   { 4. Approachableness.
 Its Qualities.     { 5. Mercy.
                    { 6. Fruitfulness in good works.
                    { 7. Impartiality.
                    { 8. Honesty.

This plan gave opportunity to discuss in a few words each designated
quality. Each person large enough to take part was encouraged to do so.
One part of the evening hour was spent in amusing literary games, like
the following:

A word was suggested, and so many minutes were allowed to elapse,
during which time each member of the family sought to make the greatest
number of words out of the letters composing the word suggested. At the
close of this allotted time, spelling was compared, and the difference
as to the number of words made by each was noted. The exercise was
pleasant, exciting and profitable. The writer mused: “This is so much
better than gossip, unsociableness, sullen silence, and quarreling.”
From the word _abatement_, for example, came the words: At, mat, bat,
bet, tab, mate, am, an, ant, tent, beat, abate, Abe. At other times
problems in mathematics furnished the wrestling point; then points in
geography and history were entertained. “Name as many cities as you can
containing so many thousand inhabitants, and tell where they are,” was
proposed. Thus an hour or so of the early evening was profitably passed
away in shunning evil and gathering knowledge for good.

We dare hope that every home will seek to improve on this line. Evil
cannot be kept out of the home except in proportion as we fill it with
what is good. And the quality of the home life must determine the
quality of the social life, of the church life, and of the political
life, as well as of the business life, of any people.

As a further illustration of the influences and plans operating among
us--as a fitting conclusion--we present the following from Miss Knapp,
one of the faithful missionaries of the Women’s Baptist Home Mission
Society:


MISSIONARY WORK IN BIRMINGHAM DISTRICT.

Many are the blessings God has bestowed upon missionary work in
Birmingham and it is a real pleasure to state briefly some of the
methods employed which have given the workers so much joy, and which
our Heavenly Father has used to advance his cause.

Religious visiting in the homes of the people is a very important
part. God’s word never returns unto Him void, and when it is carried
into the homes and its truths taught and heart to heart talks given
only eternity will reveal its results in leading lost souls to look
to a loving Savior, and arousing indifferent Christians to the fact
that God has chosen them and ordained them that they should go and
bring forth fruit. Again, the teaching of the children is a work never
to be overlooked, for the future of any race or nation depends upon
the moral and religious instruction given to the young. The Sunday
schools, children’s meetings and industrial schools are means which
are accomplishing great good. From two hundred to three hundred meet
each week in the industrial schools during the school year. We have
one session each week in each of the schools. They are held in the
different churches. About one half of the time in each session is spent
teaching different kinds of sewing, and the remainder in giving moral
and religious instruction. The progress made by many of the pupils
in sewing and in gaining Bible knowledge is often a marvel to the
missionaries. The strong temperance stand taken by many of the children
is truly a delight, and when one after another professes a hope in
Christ we are led to say, “Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is
within me, bless His holy name.” The welfare of the young people also
has a large place in our hearts and with the faithful co-operation of
pastors and the young people themselves, there are about forty local B.
Y. P. U.’s which are united in an Asssociational Baptist Young People’s
Union. Great things are expected of these young people from the Bible
knowledge they are acquiring and instruction which they are receiving
concerning Christian work.

[Illustration: Rev. S. L. Ross, Sunday School Missionary for Alabama,
under Auspices Alabama Baptist Publication Society.]

Perhaps no richer blessings have been given than those which have
fallen on the efforts which the women are putting forth. Well can
we remember when there was but one missionary society in Birmingham
that was trying to obey our Savior’s last loving words: “Ye shall be
witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and in Samaria,
and unto the uttermost parts of the earth.”

They stood alone, but were inspired to go forward by their pastor,
Rev. W. R. Pettiford. Though few in number, the blessings of God
rested upon them. After a time they had a public missionary meeting.
The subject was “The Indians.” It was held on Sunday night. Hearts
were enlarged; the work was better understood by the membership of the
church, and as a result new members were added to the society. The
sisters in one church after another organized and joined the ranks. The
society of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church no longer stood alone.

The object of the work is given as follows in Article II of the
Constitution: “Its object shall be to promote the purity, intelligence
and happiness of our homes, and to educate the women of our Baptist
churches in a knowledge of missions, to cultivate in them a missionary
spirit, and thus lead them to help in mission work at home, in the
State, in our country, and in foreign lands.”

The following blanks are used by the sisters in reporting their work
from month to month:

  Report of.................................................
  For the month of....................................189...
  Have you read the Bible each day?.........................
  Have you taken the Mother’s Pledge and kept it?...........
  Number of religious visits................................
  Number of families helped.................................
  Number added to the Missionary Society....................
  Number of meetings conducted..............................
  Number of new members brought into the Sunday School......

       *       *       *       *       *

On July 26, 1893, a day memorable in the history of the work, the local
societies were united in a “Women’s Missionary Association.” Mrs.
Cordelia Taylor was chosen as its president.

The local societies number about twenty-five. We meet twice a year,
for a one day’s meeting. These meetings are largely attended, well
conducted and of real profit to the work.

The study of the uniform subjects which have been prepared for the use
of the local societies have greatly helped the mothers in their great
work in the home, in the Church work, and given a more intelligent
knowledge of missions in ours and other lands. The public missionary
meetings are being held on Sunday afternoons or nights in the different
churches and are proving the same blessing as the first one.

Miss Moore’s paper, _Hope_, is being taken and read by scores of the
sisters, and is an untold blessing to all.

The “Mother’s Pledge” has been signed by quite a company and is rich in
results to both mother and child.

Several of the earnest, Christian women are having fireside schools for
the children in their neighborhoods, and the books are being purchased
by many, thus affording good and helpful reading in many homes.

Our hearts go up to God in gratitude as we call to mind the
co-operation of pastors and people in the plans suggested by the former
as well as the present missionaries, and the bountiful way in which
God has blessed the efforts which we have together put forth, and we
would say in the words of the Psalmist: “Many, O Lord, my God, are thy
wonderful works which thou hast done, and thy thoughts which to usward,
they cannot be reckoned up in order to Thee; if I would declare and
speak of them they are more than can be numbered.”

[Illustration]


[Illustration: Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, Ala., Rev. R.
D. Pollard, Pastor.]




_FINAL REMARKS._


We have done well, but we could have done better. George Ruskin gives
birth to a great river of thought in the expression, “The more my
life _disappointed_ me, the more _solemn_ and the more _wonderful_
it became to me.” We have suffered, it is true, and still we suffer,
beneath the prejudice of a mighty people, the movings of whose will and
passions none but God can stay. But, as we remember that the Almighty
can rule the hearts of men, and that He has promised that the meek (He
doesn’t respect persons) shall inherit the earth; that this prejudice
about us is not a human essence, but a mere accretion upon human life,
rising from abnormal social conditions which are passing away; that
disappointment, instead of cowering and disarming us, should rouse us
to nerve ourselves with a firmer resolution to endure suffering, to
toil, to economize, to increase in knowledge and skill, to fill our
homes with love and beauty, to be still more pure in heart and upright
in word and deed--as we remember these things, we must confess that we
could have done better.

Our greatest needs now are: (_a_) A closer walk with God; (_b_) more
love and peace at home; (_c_) purer thoughts and more prayer in our
hearts; (_d_) a nearer approach to gospel plans in all departments of
our church work; (_e_) more race pride and race confidence; (_f_) more
of the spirit of Christ in our annual meetings; (_g_) co-operation in
business, such as banking and mercantile enterprises.

We earn millions of dollars, a large part of which we ought to and can
keep among ourselves, and thus strengthen the financial standing of the
Negro Race.

We need to establish and maintain money operations among ourselves,
especially for the following reasons:

(1) No moneyless people have any power or voice in the solid things
of life, in those facts which command homes, farms, store houses,
railroads, live stock, steamship lines, furnaces, manufactories,
merchandise, banks, and the like. We need plans of co-operation which
will enable us to come together with our little savings until they
aggregate to an amount that is large enough to support some sort of
business. Saving societies or circles should be organized all over the
country, for the purpose of studying methods for money saving and money
investment.

Of course, it must be admitted that money raised by our people in this
way has fallen into the hands of men who have made way with it. But
this danger may be put out of the way by compelling the man who holds
the money to give good security in the form of a bond, legally made and
properly signed. The money thus raised should be deposited in the bank
till the amount obtained is large enough for some business project.
The Alabama Penny Savings Bank of Birmingham started somewhat after
this fashion, with a small beginning, but now they command in one way
and another nearly one hundred thousand dollars. This bank gives the
colored people of Birmingham a power in financial circles that they
could obtain by no other means.

(2) Our young people need something to do. When the young white man
completes his course at school, he returns to find a job ready for
him--a job as clerk, bookkeeper, collector or something so. Not so with
the young black man--he returns to an empty void so far as concerns
the business world. He comes home to be a loafer, or a boot-black,
or a buggy boy, or a cook, or a waiter, or a barber, or a prisoner. He
comes home to despair, to temptation, to ruin. And this sad state of
things can never change by accident: if a better condition of things
shall ever be our lot, it must come about as the result of forces which
the Negro himself shall put in operation. Our white neighbor looks
upon the facts that we earn the millions and can’t control the cents,
as proof that we are an inferior race. They say we can be preachers,
teachers and doctors, but we can’t manage money and can’t unite in
great business enterprises. We seem not to realize that the handling
of business affairs conduces to the formation of moral character. The
writer dares to hope that there are better things in our hearts on this
line than have yet appeared, and that ere long they will appear in our
united action and in our substantial investments. However, “_Fear God
and keep His commandments._”

[Illustration: Rev. C. L. Purce, President, Louisville, Ky.]


CONCLUSION.

And now our book is at its end. How well it serves the purpose for
which it was produced, the reader will determine. We gratefully
recognize the substantial services rendered by friends, as during the
past ten years we have hunted and gleaned for subject matter. The
author is under special obligations to Messrs P. W. Williamson, F. D.
Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Walker, Rev. T. W. Walker, Dr. Waldrop, Dr.
and Mrs. Pettiford, Mrs. Rachel Jenkins, Mrs. H. C. Bryant, Mr. and
Mrs. W. S. Simpson, of Birmingham; Mr. Tom Posey, Bessemer, and Hon. H.
A. Loveless, of Montgomery.

To such as may feel disposed to credit me with the ability to continue
at work, I would say that but for the faithful toil and sacrifice of my
wife, Mrs. M. A., and of my daughter, Miss Octavia B. Boothe, it is
hardly likely that my name would now appear in its humble place on the
roll of writers. They have borne the burden with me, and we together
have performed these humble tasks. With them I cheerfully divide my
meagre honors. The writer lays down his pen at the end of a pleasant
but arduous task, fully believing that what we have done is but the bud
and prophecy of what we can and will do in the years to come. This book
can only tell of our infancy and youth while the historian who shall
come upon the stage after twenty or thirty years beyond this date, will
bring forth a book wherein shall appear a portraiture of our ripened
manhood, out of which shall have grown great enterprises, manned by
unity, wisdom, wealth and righteousness.


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Transcribers’ Notes


A number of typographical errors were corrected silently.

Cover image is in the public domain.

Handwritten inscription under Miss Joanna P. Moore picture
not transcribed.

Add Selma University, and Rev. W. A. Shirley to Index to
Illustrations.