THE FIRELESS LOCOMOTIVE


    [Illustration: A new era arrives. A spotless Diesel is pushed into
    the NCR yard to replace the Company’s venerable steam-storage
    locomotives.]

    [Illustration: On one of its last working days, the Rubicon, now on
    display at Carillon Park, pushed its successor to the factory engine
    house.]

    [Illustration: With several NCR employees aboard, the replacement
    engine makes its first run across Dayton’s South Main Street.]

    [Illustration: The old yields to the new. The Rubicon turns
    switching responsibilities over to the modern Diesel. The transfer
    is symbolized by an employee handclasp.]




                       “The Three little Engines”


    [Illustration: The Rubicon, as yet unnamed, arrived at NCR in 1909
    on a flat car, just as its successor was welcomed more than half a
    century later.]

Most things yield to progress—and that, of course, is how museums are
made. The Corliss engine now on display at Carillon Park labored
mightily during the formative years of American industry, yet more
economical electric power systems eventually sent that steam giant into
retirement at the Park. The Conestoga wagon and the Concord coach, the
Grasshopper locomotive and the high-wheeled Cadillac—all served their
purpose. And then, with sentimental if somewhat whimsical ceremony, they
were consigned to their final resting place.

In the summer of 1962, Carillon Park made room for what is probably its
most unusual example of antique “rolling stock.”

    [Illustration: “The Three Little Engines” are pictured soon after
    their purchase by NCR. The Carillon Park relic, the Rubicon, is
    pushing the first electric express car used by The Ohio Electric
    Company. The exhaust stacks of all three fireless engines originally
    extended up the front of the storage tanks, fully exposed, but the
    tanks were later given false fronts so the Rubicon, The Dayton and
    the South Park would resemble conventional railroad locomotives.]

    [Illustration: The Dayton]

    [Illustration: The South Park]

The newcomer is the “Rubicon,” one of three fireless locomotives which
were purchased by The National Cash Register Company in the early years
of this enterprising century. The Rubicon, however, did not come to the
Park from a rusty and forgotten limbo—as, for instance, the Grasshopper
locomotive did. The engine is an antique, to be sure, yet its boiler and
baffles had scarcely had time to dry when it was refurbished for a place
of honor in the museum. Its successor, a Diesel-powered switch engine,
had been delivered only a short time before the Rubicon was relieved of
service and was ready to be converted into a public curiosity. In fact,
the Rubicon—injury added to insult!—on one of its final trips puffed
across the NCR yard and pushed its bright blue-and-yellow replacement
from the flat car on which it arrived to the roundhouse.

“The Three Little Engines,” so long familiar to Daytonians, were among
the first fireless (or steam storage) locomotives in America. The Dayton
was built in 1913, the South Park in 1910 and the Rubicon in 1909—all by
the Lima Locomotive Works of Lima, Ohio, on a basic design developed and
popularized in Germany. NCR’s founder, John H. Patterson, had in fact
seen such an engine during his travels in Europe, and decided it was
just what he wanted for Dayton, Ohio.

Mr. Patterson was one of the first American industrialists to be
concerned with “factory environment.” He believed that a factory would
be an esthetic asset to the community, as well as a happy place for
workers, if it were kept clean and attractively landscaped. NCR
resembled—then, as it does today—a series of office buildings rather
than a huge industrial complex.

The neighborhood adjacent to the factory also concerned John H.
Patterson; he offered annual prizes to householders who kept the best
yards and flower beds. An early NCR machinist who looked up from his
lathe and glanced out the spacious window—by way of resting his eyes—saw
lovely suburban gardens instead of the grimy clutter that bordered most
factories of the era.

Keeping the sandstone buildings clean, and the geraniums healthy, would
be easier, Mr. Patterson concluded, if it weren’t for the sooty smoke
belched up by switch engines.

The steam-storage locomotive proved to be the answer. It could chuff
about for hours, emitting nothing more than a few puffs of steam.




                         A Steam Tank on Wheels


The Rubicon is actually little more than a 7- by 16-foot steam tank,
built somewhat like a thermos bottle and fitted out with cylinders and
wheels. The tank was two-thirds filled with water and then charged from
a 150-pound steam line from the NCR powerhouse.

As the Rubicon’s engineer opened the throttle, steam passed through a
reducing valve and reached the cylinders at a pressure of 60 pounds per
square inch. The steam charge, at 370 degrees Fahrenheit, gradually
converted some of the water to steam, which—although at a lesser
pressure—gave the locomotive additional operating time.

The Rubicon ran three or four hours on a charge, depending on the work
load. Normally, three or four daily trips were made to the roundhouse,
to exchange a “tired” engine for a freshly-charged one. Eighteen-inch
pistons enabled the engines to move their own weight with just a few
pounds of steam, so it was rare for them to be stranded away from their
“lifeline.” The storage tank was insulated with a two-inch layer of
magnesia. It was fitted with baffles to keep the water from sloshing
back and forth as the engine started and stopped.

Tanks under the locomotive running boards furnished compressed air for
ringing the bell and sanding the rails in icy weather. They were
replenished at the roundhouse, for the engine carried no air compressor.
Neither was there a generator; the storage battery which operated the
headlights had to be recharged regularly.

The engine’s brakes were strictly mechanical—operated by tightening the
large wheel in the cab.

    [Illustration: The Carillon Park museum piece was photographed at
    the NCR South Main Street factory crossing in the early years of the
    century. Seen at left is the NCR office building, prior to
    construction of the NCR auditorium.]

    [Illustration: These pictures record an event which was perhaps
    inevitable with the increase of auto-age traffic; in 1915, a touring
    car slid into the Rubicon’s side at the Main Street crossing.]

    [Illustration: The engine clearly won the contest!]

    [Illustration: It suffered only a slightly bent driving rod, visible
    in the photograph.]

    [Illustration: The Lima Locomotive Works, manufacturer of the
    Rubicon, featured a photograph of the busily puffing engine in one
    of its catalogues. The page is reproduced here.]




      FIRST STEAM-STORAGE LOCOMOTIVE USED IN AMERICA BUILT BY LIMA
  LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE CO., LIMA, OHIO, WORKING AT PLANT OF NATIONAL
                    CASH REGISTER CO., DAYTON, OHIO.


                     LIMA STEAM STORAGE LOCOMOTIVES

  Lima steam storage locomotives consist essentially of a large tank,
  large cylinders, the other machinery being similar to that of regular
  locomotives.

  The tank is filled about half full of water, and is then connected
  with a stationary boiler until the pressure equalizes.

  When this occurs, considerable steam will have been condensed, but the
  water will have been raised to nearly the pressure and temperature of
  the steam in the boiler. As steam is used, the pressure falls, but
  with the decrease part of the water becomes steam. The tank is charged
  to full boiler pressure, 250 to 200 pounds as the case may be, and the
  pressure reduced to 60 pounds by a reducing valve.

  The cylinder diameter is increased so the tractive power, to the limit
  of adhesion can be utilized at 60 pounds pressure in the cylinders.
  Due to these large cylinders, the locomotive can move itself with only
   or 4 pounds pressure.

  Under ordinary circumstances, it will not have to be charged any
  oftener than the regular type of locomotive takes water. Varying with
  the amount of work desired, it will run from two to ten hours with one
  charge. Two charges per day is a good average.

  This type possesses many advantages for work in industrial plants,
  powder mills, lumber yards, cotton mills, wharves, etc. Among its
  advantages are:

  1. Absolute Safety in inflammable localities, and from boiler
          explosion, as pressure decreases constantly.
  2. Simplicity. Nothing to watch but signals and gauge.
  3. Economy. In first cost; in maintenance; in operation.

  Just the locomotive for use around your plant. Absolutely no danger
  from fire; can be operated around factories manufacturing the most
  inflammable materials with perfect safety. We build all practical
  sizes. Write for further particulars.

  The fireless “locos” were undeniably safe, in that steam pressure was
  always on the decrease and never ran wild. On the other hand, the
  brakes were so primitive that fast emergency stops were impossible
  with a string of heavy coal cars. Visibility from the cab was limited,
  too—an added hazard with increased auto and pedestrian traffic in the
  NCR factory area in recent years.

  But the retirement of the Rubicon, the Dayton, and the South Park was
  irrevocably decided by the mounting cost of keeping them in repair.
  Replacement wheels had to be specially cast, and many other parts had
  to be fashioned from scratch. Toward the end of the engines’ service,
  two machinists were devoting full time to pampering their aches and
  agues, and the maintenance bill was coming to more than $16,000
  annually. Railroad buffs will miss them, but they had to go!

    [Illustration: The NCR engine house had just been completed when
    employees clustered around the Dayton for this photograph.]

    [Illustration: One of the first engine crews poses by the Rubicon.]

The Diesel-electric locomotive which replaced them is a 50-ton
eight-wheel unit manufactured by the General Electric Company at Erie,
Pa. It is powered by two 150-horsepower engines, each driving a D.C.
generator. In turn, each of the generators powers a D.C. motor geared to
an axle. A powered axle drives two wheels directly, and by side arms two
other wheels are also driven. Thus, the locomotive is powered by two
independent units. The power units can be used separately or
simultaneously as the number of cars demands, giving traction to either
four or eight wheels.

    [Illustration: NCR helped Dayton meet the 1913 flood emergency. The
    Company’s powerhouse—equipped with the giant Corliss engine which is
    seen today at Carillon Park—supplied the stricken city with
    electricity.]

    [Illustration: Moreover, the hard-working Rubicon was sent north on
    the streetcar tracks to help haul away flood debris.]

With the Diesel-electric, no time is lost re-charging the tank. The
engineer’s cab is comfortably heated in winter. Automatic couplers,
front and rear, increase employee safety. Powerful air brakes control
the engine itself and air hoses can also be coupled to towed cars.
Operating cost is only a fraction of that required for the old
“chuffers.”




                 Fireless Engine Slighted in Rail Lore


The steam storage locomotive does not figure prominently in the colorful
literature of railroading. Confined to the modest task of shunting
miscellaneous cars about remote factory yards, there was no Casey Jones
to give it romance. Nor was there a lusty fireman or a wandering hobo to
immortalize it in song. It is known that an obscure “Toonerville” type
of road near New Orleans employed a fireless engine as early as
1835—recharging at each end of the track. Also, a number of fireless
engines were used around paper mills and munitions factories, where
sparks from conventional engines could have led to fire and cataclysm.

    [Illustration: The South Park, sister engine of the Rubicon, edges
    up to the NCR powerhouse. The photograph is undated, but the gleam
    of the engine indicates that it hadn’t seen too many years of
    service.]

The Rubicon is one of the last of its breed—perhaps even the last of its
particular design. But sporting new black paint and fresh gold
lettering, it has found a measure of immortality—albeit without
balladry—at Carillon Park, among other relics of America’s industrial
past.

    [Illustration: After the Rubicon’s retirement, workmen began
    refurbishing it for the Carillon Park historical collection. Here
    they are seen removing half a century’s accumulation of paint.]

    [Illustration: The Rubicon is shown as it traveled the last few feet
    of its long career. It was moved into its permanent Carillon Park
    home on July 16, 1962.]

    [Illustration: On August 20, 1962, the Engine House at Carillon Park
    was opened with informal ribbon-cutting ceremonies. Shown above are
    several of the guests inspecting the refurbished locomotive.]


                             CARILLON PARK
                              DAYTON, OHIO

               One of a series of Carillon Park booklets.
                            Price ten cents.




                          Transcriber’s Notes


—Silently corrected a few typos.

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
  is public-domain in the country of publication.

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
  _underscores_.