Transcribed from the [1870] edition by David Price.





                          CHRISTIAN LITERATURE.


                                 A Sermon

            DELIVERED MAY 8TH, 1870, IN KENSINGTON CHAPEL, AT
                   THE SEVENTY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE
                         RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY.

                                * * * * *

                                  BY THE
                         REV. J. STOUGHTON, D.D.

                                * * * * *

                                * * * * *

                          PUBLISHED BY REQUEST.

                                * * * * *

                                * * * * *

                                 LONDON:
             56, PATERNOSTER ROW; 65, ST. PAUL’S CHURCHYARD;
                           AND 164, PICCADILLY.

                                * * * * *

                                 LONDON:
                        PARDON AND SON, PRINTERS,
                             PATERNOSTER ROW.




CHRISTIAN LITERATURE.


    “And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if
    they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world
    itself could not contain the books that should be written.”—JOHN xxi.
    25.

THE chapter before us is plainly a supplement to the main history.  St.
John concluded that history under a deep conviction that it was far from
a full account of his Master’s wonderful ministry.  “Many other signs,”
said he, “truly did Jesus, in the presence of his disciples, which are
not written in this book.”  But in this supplementary chapter, added to
the Gospel, perhaps, after a lapse of several years, the inspired
Evangelist returns to his subject, and relates with singular minuteness
of detail the miracle of the draught of fishes.  He then appends to the
whole narrative an asseveration of its truth; and still feeling, as he
had done before, that there remained an inexhaustible fulness of facts
and lessons in the life of his adorable Lord which defied every attempt
at recording them, he at last finishes his Gospel—inclusive of the
appendix—in the same spirit in which he had concluded what he wrote
before.  Persuaded of the impossibility of doing perfect justice to such
a life as that of the Word made flesh, he employed a strong Oriental
hyperbole to express the impossibility, whilst his heart overflowed with
adoring love and wonder—“And there are also many other things which Jesus
did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose that even
the world itself could not contain the books that should be written.”

It is not unusual for an author to return to the perusal and examination
of a work composed by him in bygone years with a deepened belief of the
truth of its contents, accompanied by an overwhelming conviction of its
want of completeness.  Another chapter may be added to what was written
before, and then, when all is done, the pen may be laid down, with the
feeling that not one-half of all the beautiful truth to which the book
relates has yet been told.  A circumstance so common in connection with
efforts of genius finds something of a parallel here, in connection with
the higher and nobler exercises of inspiration.  It is to the last degree
affecting to behold the aged Evangelist reading over his own Gospel,
dwelling with delight upon sacred memories of the Divine Friend who so
graciously loved him, and whom he so gratefully loved in return, thinking
of one act of his after another, one word of his after another, never
written, and realizing the impossibility of producing a perfect portrait
of the Divine original, yet folding up his own MS. with the devout
assurance that in giving it to the Church he was an instrument, in the
hands of the Spirit, of bestowing upon mankind one of the richest
treasures of wisdom and knowledge.



I.


The Evangelist here speaks of books—of the possibility of writing an
immense number of them on one subject; and thus he calls to our mind the
saying of the wise man, that “of making many books there is no end.”
They were very numerous in the ancient world.  The library of the
Ptolemies at Alexandria was of such prodigious magnitude that it numbered
half a million volumes.  Large public and private collections were not
uncommon in St. John’s time; and in Rome, at that period, the
bookseller’s trade signally flourished.  In the shop doors lists of new
publications were exhibited; nor were the prices of some by any means
immoderate, a considerable proportion of the MSS. being so small as to
come under the modern denomination of pamphlets or tracts.  Thus early
existed multitudes of those productions which Milton eloquently describes
as “not dead things,” but such as “contain a potency of life,” as “active
as the soul whose progeny they are,” preserving, “as a vial, the purest
efficacy and extraction of that living intellect which bred them,” as
“vigorously productive” as the “fabulous dragon’s teeth,” and which,
being “sown up and down,” may, like them, perchance, spring up into armed
men.  Throughout the civilized world, in the first account of
Christianity, were there books containing “the life-blood of master
spirits,” that “ethereal and fifth essence, the breath of reason.”  And
besides these, there existed, among the elect people of God, a literature
incomparably superior to anything else—a literature furnished by
historians, poets, and moralists, who far surpassed merely classic ones.
For now, in the fulness of time, the Greek, as well as the Hebrew
language, had become enriched by inspired contributions, and four
peerless histories or biographies appeared—four lives of the
divinely-incarnate and ever-living One—followed by another history,
recording the acts of his Apostles, accompanied by epistles or letters
which explained the meaning of the life of Jesus, and the acts of the
first preachers of his incomparable and blessed Gospel.  These books came
into the world, stamped with unmistakable signs of a Divine origin
perfectly unique.  They were sons of God amongst the children of
men—Divine wisdom visiting the earth in human form, thought after
thought, like angel after angel, coming down from heaven, with a
countenance like lightning, with raiment white as snow, yet speaking in
tones of meek assurance to affrighted souls, telling them not to fear,
because the crucified Redeemer of mankind had risen from the dead.  Such
books have, indeed, a life within them; a life truly, and without any
hyperbole, immortal, to attempt to kill which would be as idle as it
would be impious, for it would be to strike a blow at that which, above
everything else on the face of the earth, is an image of God.

And numbers of books since then, without pretending to rival them, have
caught more or less of their divine spirit.  Human minds replenished with
instructions derived from these unparalleled sources have communicated
their thoughts to mankind—thoughts of such a character, so morally and
religiously superior to anything known in lands unblessed by these gifts
of inspiration, as to declare their lineage and descent to be of that
divine race of which the ancestors were the first-born children of
celestial light.  A precious inheritance of Christian literature has thus
descended to modern times, surrounding us with intellectual and spiritual
advantages, which many are slow to acknowledge, because unable to
estimate.  Yet it is the heirloom of our churches and our families, laid
up on the shelves of our libraries, and what is still better, I hope,
that its effect upon us mingles with our daily life.

The discovery of printing, in the providence of God, although it cannot
add to the immortality of Christian thought in itself, has contributed a
new method, first of perpetuating in their original forms all expressions
of truth, whether human or Divine, and next, of multiplying such
expressions, in the same original form, so as to fill the world with
them, and to give to immortal wisdom a sort of visible and palpable
ubiquity.  And extremely interesting it is to notice, that the Bible, or
the Psalter, was certainly the first book of any considerable size which
came forth from the press, whence “we may see in imagination this
venerable and splendid volume leading up the crowded myriads of its
followers, and imploring, as it were, a blessing on the new art, by
dedicating its first fruits to the service of heaven.”  A mighty
revolution has, no doubt, been wrought by the invention of printing.  It
has not diminished the force of spoken words, it never can supersede the
necessity of the living voice as the chief means of proclaiming the
Gospel of Christ, it never can destroy the enchantment of human
eloquence; but it narrows the sphere of instruction from the pulpit, it
supersedes the continuance of the ancient practice when preachers at
Paul’s Cross took up the questions of the day, and discussed them in
their homilies; it hands over to the press, as a more convenient field
for discussion, a number of instructive and important topics, whilst it
provides for the diffusion of religious knowledge in all sorts of ways,
and in all sorts of places, far beyond the reach of any preacher’s, or
any missionary’s voice.  At the same time it gathers up in the best form,
and perpetuates to the latest age, and circulates to the end of the
world, the richest utterances of the Christian ministry.  The voice from
the pulpit has lost somewhat of its range of themes; it cannot now
announce ecclesiastical and political news, as it did once; but it has a
special work still to do, through the human countenance, the human eye,
the human lips, as it exhibits well-known truth and inculcates familiar
lessons, appealing to the heart and calling forth our sensibilities and
sympathies as nothing else can ever do.  And after all the lamentations
poured forth by some, and all the taunts flung out by others, the pulpit
still remains an unrivalled power—unrivalled in the demand for its
exercise, and unrivalled in the supply of its proper spiritual effects,
even the conversion and edification of souls.  But the press, although we
do not count it a rival, but rather as a helper, in the one great field
of Christian instruction, is doing, and will do a work, which all the
preachers and speakers in Christendom can never overtake and accomplish.
Its power in the dissemination of the Gospel is surprising beyond what we
can imagine, until we come to deeply ponder the subject in our minds; and
the obligation resting upon us to employ such power for this sacred
purpose is most obvious, most solemn, most pressing.



II.


The books to which St. John particularly refers are books about Christ.

He is thinking chiefly of his own Gospel, and of the other three Gospels
to which he intended this to be a supplement; these four evangelical
records being, in modern phrase, four historical tracts—tracts such as
had never been written before, such as have never been written since.  It
is an inexpressible blessing to have the four together, to have them
bound within the same covers.  They constitute a perfect unity, a
harmonious whole; but the unity must not render us unmindful of the
distinct and characteristic impress borne by each.  On dwelling upon the
whole, we must be careful to assign its proper individual character to
every part.  Four distinct witnesses supply their respective
contributions of knowledge respecting our Divine Lord and Master.  Each
relates what he knows from his own point of view; each gives his own
impression of the manifold life and mission of the world’s Saviour; each
leaves in his own monograph the signature of his own habits of thought
and of expression; each paints the Divine portrait in his own style.  And
most precious is it to the intelligent and devout Christian to have a
clear and distinct idea of the main peculiarities of the four, looking at
them carefully one by one.  Harmonies of the Gospels have their use; but
they are not used as they ought, they are much abused, if they are
suffered to soften down the lines of distinction between Matthew and
Mark, between Mark and Luke, between Luke and John.  Any attempt made to
put together four portraits of one person, painted from different points
of view, placed on the canvas in different positions, brought out in
different relations of light and shade, so as to destroy what is peculiar
to each artist, would be a mischievous process, and would diminish the
extent of our knowledge, instead of promoting the correctness of our
conceptions.  We value four pictures of a great hero painted by four
different masters; we do not wish to blend the memories of them in our
minds, so as to merge their varied ideals of one reality; we would not,
on any account, sacrifice in any of them a single line of drawing, a
single tint of colour.  We should deprecate the endeavour to destroy a
touch here, and a stroke there, under pretence of making the pictures
exactly alike.  We would infinitely rather have them left unaltered, in
all the freshness of their original colouring, than have a single
engraving, however carefully and exquisitely executed, which aimed at a
harmonious rendering of the four.  We prefer these divine productions as
they separately stand, each taken by itself, each a beautiful tractate
complete in itself, given from God, through the hands of the human
writer, to a single volume, made up of the four, cut into fragments, and
patched together under a very fallible, although a very skilful
editorship.  The Acts, the Epistles, the Apocalypse, form a second
division of divine tracts explanatory of the Gospels—or illustrative of
the impressions and effects produced by them upon the hearts and minds of
Christ’s earliest followers—or inculcatory of the glorious doctrines of
the evangelical revelation in their practical bearings on human
characters and consciences—or poetically prophetic of things to come in
the kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ—a Divine hand in them
opening a window upon the scenes of futurity, some of which strike the
heart with terror, others of which make it leap for joy.

This collection of tracts forming the New Testament, or New Covenant of
man’s redemption, it is the duty of every one of us diligently and
devoutly to examine; not simply taking it up by fragments, by little
bits, by pieces torn out of their proper places, and without any respect
to the connection in which they stand; nor studying it chiefly through
the medium of other books, whether paraphrases or commentaries, or
through the medium of sermons, lectures, or other modes of oral
instruction.  Let the Divine tracts be studied themselves.  Let them not
only be read from time to time, chapter by chapter alone, but sometimes
let them be read throughout continuously, Gospel by Gospel, Epistle by
Epistle, so that an impression, complete and distinct, of each
Evangelist’s history and each Apostolic letter, may be left upon the
memory.  Above all, let them not be read cursorily, in haste, as one
might read a novel, but slowly, patiently, thoughtfully, weighing word by
word, sentence by sentence, paragraph by paragraph; and with all this
reading and pondering, let there be combined earnest prayer to the great
Author of revelation, that he would open the reader’s eyes to see the
riches of his own comprehensive word.

But beyond these books or tracts are others, thank God, in abundant
numbers, which also relate to Christ.  In our devout gratitude for the
supreme gift of Scripture, let us not be unmindful of the subordinate
gifts of human literature, imbued more or less with the spirit of
Scripture.  We would insist upon the marked difference between the Bible
and all other books, between Divine writ and humanly written divinity;
yet would we constantly remember that genius and talent employed in the
service of the truth are endowments conferred by the Father of lights,
and that to think we can exalt the Bible by running down other books, and
to imagine that we honour the God of inspiration by depreciating the
learning and the thoughtfulness which he has given to his children, is
one of those wretchedly ignorant and fanatical mistakes by which
well-meaning and pious people do almost as much mischief as the most
irreligious enemies of Christianity.  And beyond the limits of Divinity,
properly so called, whether doctrinal or practical, there are immense
regions of literature capable of being touched and beautified as with new
sunshine through the influence of Gospel truth.  Science may thus be
improved and hallowed, so as to bear witness—as most assuredly nature
ever silently does, whether we notice or not, to a Divine order
underlying the constitution of all things, and to a Divine Sovereign, a
living, glorious, infinite Person, who is the foundation and the
administrator of all that order—so as to bear witness to a reign of law,
or rather to the reign of Him who is the Author of nature, and who,
through those laws which we are enabled to decipher, is reigning over all
time and all worlds.  History, also, may be improved and hallowed, so as
to record events in the light of a Divine providence, and to exhibit
character in the light of revealed truth, and so as to show, in human
judgments of men and things, the justice, the impartiality, and the
genial good-will which Christian morality alone can inspire.  Poetry,
also, may be improved and hallowed, so as not only to contribute to the
service of song in the house of the Lord, but so as to perpetuate the
memory of the good, to create ideals of truth, wisdom, and holiness; to
bring out those hidden streams of harmony which flow through invisible
channels in nature; and to repeat and explain those whisperings of the
soul which are confirmatory of the highest truths.  In short,
Christianity may set its stamp on all literature, not by printing the
Divine name here and there, not by patching upon the pages of a book
texts of Scripture irrelevant to the subject in hand; but by the presence
of a conscientious, honest, true, devout, and sweet spirit, which cannot
fail to make itself felt wherever it exists.



III.


And now, looking at the multitude of books existing or coming into
existence—such an immense, such an ever-increasing multitude, that we may
adopt the hyperbole of the text, and say it seems as if the world could
not contain them—what is the use which we ought to make of them?

A taste for literature is a natural instinct in some, and an
accomplishment acquired by others; and the duty of creating it if we have
it not, and of nurturing it if we have, is plainly recognised in the New
Testament.  “Give attendance to reading.”  If the exhortation primarily
applies to those who are teachers of their fellow-men, it cannot fail to
belong also to others in their measure and degree.  Numerous methods of
obtaining knowledge no doubt there are; but many of the forms of
knowledge, many of the benefits of knowledge, many of the pleasures of
knowledge, can be secured only by means of books.  The person deficient
in a taste for reading misses a large amount of benefit and enjoyment
familiar to those who are blessed with this endowment—an endowment which,
though, as intimated already, in some cases a natural instinct, may in
other cases be acquired and won as a studious accomplishment.  Tastes may
be formed by study, by attention, by desire, by effort, by
practice—tastes of all kinds, and this amongst the rest; and looking at
the rich heritage of blessedness which it brings, it must appear, to
every one who sufficiently thinks of it, worth the sacrifices of other
and inferior things, when such sacrifices are found essential to its
attainment and culture.  Upon the young especially I would enforce the
duty of which I speak, begging and beseeching them to contrast it with
those vain, frivolous, worthless employments, not to mention the very
worst, to which fashion and example in the present day invite so many
thoughtless crowds.

When I speak of a taste for reading, let me explain myself.  It is
sometimes supposed to exist where it does not.  There may be a fondness
for certain books, which in no way implies the possession of what we are
commending now.  There are fictions in the present day, properly termed
sensational, and other kinds of books of a similar description, to the
perusal of which many are addicted without any idea of self-improvement,
without any love of knowledge whatever, without a single care respecting
truth, without an atom of taste, or a scintillation of what can be called
intellectual pleasure.  I cannot call that a taste for reading; it is
simply a craving after excitement, and may be as sensuous and sensual as
are certain desires confessedly vicious; and when it does not reach such
a depth as that, it may be a feeling almost as vain, frivolous, and
worthless as some other tendencies which never clothe themselves in
literary costume.  Where a pure taste and a genuine predilection for
reading exist, it will be discriminating, such as all pure tastes, all
genuine predilections ever are.  A taste for painting is a taste for good
pictures; a taste for music is a taste for good singing and for good
instrumental performance; so, likewise, a taste for reading is a taste
for what is worth reading.  I have no narrow views as to the class of
books which may be perused.  Some persons are qualified and required to
take a wider range than others in this respect—to make excursions into
fields of thought where it may not be wise for others to follow.  As to
this matter, no universal rules can be laid down.  Individual capacities,
habits, and callings, must determine the question as to the extent to
which inquisitiveness and curiosity should go.  But one law as to the
judgment of what we read there is, fixed and unalterable.  Whatever
relates to morality and religion must be tested by Divine authority upon
such subjects.  The Bible is not intended to teach us science,
philosophy, and profane history; but it is intended to teach us what is
moral and religious, and, therefore, to it should questions involving
these peerless considerations be always brought.  As Christians, taking
the Bible for your ride, how can you subscribe to the doctrines of any
teacher of divinity or of ethics who contradicts the teaching of the Word
of God?  “To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to
this Word, it is because there is no light in them.”  With care and
discrimination should we sift out whatever is false or erroneous in the
writings of men.  I do not say that we are not to read what is false or
erroneous; for how, until we have read it, can we tell whether any book
be discoloured or disfigured with these dark stains? but having candidly
and honestly examined the contents of a work, let us judicially, with a
pure heart, a clear head, and a firm hand, separate the precious from the
vile.  “What is the chaff to the wheat?” saith the Lord.

And further, it is manifest that in our reading we should have respect to
the nurture of our spiritual life.  Secular instruction and mental
improvement are proper ends to be sought by us all; but that which
constitutes pre-eminently the welfare of our souls ought to receive our
most serious and conscientious attention.  To strengthen within us
Christian faith, hope, and love—to bring ourselves into closer union with
our blessed Saviour—to devote ourselves more thoroughly to his service
and glory, ought to be the first and chief design of every one.  “Seek ye
first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things
shall be added unto you.”  But as to the course of reading to be adopted
for these high and incomparable ends, it is difficult and even impossible
to lay down rules; because, as men’s minds are so differently
constituted, as dispositions are so differently formed, the class of
books adapted to promote the welfare of some may not be suited to the
needs of another.  Biography, perhaps, most stimulates one person; psalms
and hymns and spiritual songs, perhaps, most inspire another; plain,
practical addresses to the heart and conscience may, perhaps, better stir
and animate a third.  Let each consult his own peculiarities, and choose
accordingly what he shall read for his spiritual edification.  We are
quite sure that to mark out the same course of religious reading for all
kinds of people is labour lost; it betrays great ignorance of human
nature, of the wonderful varieties of spiritual life, and of the
diversified exigencies and wants of different minds.  What any one finds
most helpful to himself, he is very apt to think will be found equally
helpful to another; but this may prove a serious mistake, and may lead to
injury where benefit was designed.  Then, beyond stimulus and
inspiration, there is needful for the healthful development of
Christianity in human experience, character, and conduct, a plain,
simple, solid acquaintance with the things of God—an acquaintance to be
sought in a proper direction, in quarters, perhaps, where there is little
to regale the fancy or gratify the taste, but much to feed the soul with
knowledge and understanding.  Surely no Christian man, no Christian
woman, can neglect to consult in these ways the wants of spiritual life.
Individuals who never ask in reference to what they read, “Will this be
beneficial or injurious to my highest interests?” are culpably negligent
and careless, and are running immense risks.  They are in danger far
greater than that of persons who, with delicate constitutions, set at
defiance medical caution and advice, and are determined to eat and drink
whatever they please.  And before quitting this point, let me add that it
is of the last importance we should apply to ourselves conscientiously,
and in the sight of God, what we learn from the stores of Christian
practical literature.  For, whilst recreation and amusement may be wisely
sought at times from other departments of reading, recreation and
amusement are not the objects to be sought in the reading of strictly
religious books: far higher objects come before us there—even the
purification of our thoughts, the lifting our affections upwards to the
supreme Author of all Good, and the fastening of our hearts on Christ,
the only name given under heaven whereby we can be saved; and to secure
these objects a different frame of mind must be maintained from that in
which we indulge when we take up a volume simply to relieve a jaded mind
or to while away an idle hour.



IV.


If one use of the many books in the world be our own edification, another
use to be made of them is the spiritual welfare of others.

Although it follows as a necessary consequence that if Christian
literature be available for the first of these purposes it is available
also for the second, we find it very difficult to impress some minds with
a due conviction of the value and importance of such instrumentality in
promoting the highest interests of our fellow-men.  There are many whom
it is hard enough to inspire with zeal for the direct conversion of their
friends and neighbours by means of circulating religious tracts; but
there are more whom it is still harder to convince that spiritual benefit
may be indirectly communicated to large classes of society by purifying
the streams of general literature, and by promoting the issue and
circulation of good books of various descriptions.  Yet the former kind
of zeal—zeal in circulating tracts for strictly religious ends—is
supported no less by facts than by sound reasoning.  A good man, Richard
Knill, used to say in his own simple, emphatic, earnest style, “One tract
may save a soul.”  That simple saying he was wont to establish and
illustrate by incidents which had occurred under his own notice; and
incidents full of this evidential force, and fraught with heart-stirring
influence, are accumulating every year.  And as to zeal in the second
direction, a conviction of the good which may be effected by the
circulation and diffusion of works upon instructive and interesting
subjects, imbued with a Christian tone and spirit, is deepened by a
consideration of the present state of the world, with all its mental
activity and inquisitiveness; the habit of reading now on the increase in
all circles; and the instances frequently occurring, through the means
just indicated, of the removal of prejudice, and the commenced
preparation for something better in certain minds athirst for knowledge.
I am perfectly sure, and my confidence is the result of long reflection
and experience, that Christians have not yet paid one tithe of the
attention which it deserves to this pressing claim of the present day.  A
great deal of money now injudiciously but benevolently frittered away
with the hope of some immediate brilliant spiritual results, would, I am
satisfied, be invested far more wisely, and, in the end, with a deeper
and wider return of advantage, if devoted to the less imposing object of
leavening our current literature more and more with the sentiments and
principles of genuine Christianity.

And now we are brought face to face with the Religious Tract Society and
its very powerful claims upon our sympathy and support.  It has been in
existence upwards of seventy years, and is one of those vigorous
institutions which struck their earliest roots into the Christian mind of
England when our fathers were terrified by the storms of the French
Revolution.  Those institutions were not the seedlings of a fanatical
panic; rather did they arise as healthy offshoots from God’s Tree of
Life, to be planted by the hands of disinterested charity and cheerful
hope.  It was a movement of Christian philanthropy, taking a specific
form, but instinct with large-hearted and manifold zeal; for out of the
early conferences of its friends sprung the idea of the British and
Foreign Bible Society; and it was in the committee-room of the Tract
Society that the memorable words were uttered, “Bibles for Wales”—“Why
not for the world?”  The Tract Society may be regarded, if not as the
mother, yet as the nurse of the Bible Society.  The elder breathes the
unsectarian temper, the Catholic spirit so pre-eminently manifested by
the younger; and, like it, it aims only at bringing souls into the
all-comprehensive flock of the one all-sufficient Redeemer.  It eschews
controversy on controversial questions, and throws its energies into a
great crusade against infidelity, falsehood, sin.  “Controversy at
times,” it was remarked in the report for 1869, “may arise, or local
circumstances may exist which tend to divide sections of Christians one
from another; but should not this tendency be resisted in presence of the
weightier controversies which the whole Church in all parts is called to
wage against ignorance and error—against superstition and
unbelief—against the practical godlessness of the pleasure-seekers and
mammon-lovers amongst all classes?”  This last is the only controversy in
which the Tract Society engages; and it may be expected, therefore, to
rally to itself all those who deem the spread of the truth of higher
importance than similarity of opinion on the politico-ecclesiastical
questions which are disturbing European society.  And this the Committee
have no doubt that it will do.  The Society’s motto is—“Christ Jesus, and
Him crucified,”—the only Saviour of the lost, the only and the
all-sufficient Prophet, Priest, and King of his Church.  To bring every
thought of both young and old, rich and poor, scholar and teacher, into
subjection to Him, is its one object.  And it therefore claims the
prayers and the support of all who love the Lord Jesus in sincerity and
in truth.

The object of the Society is twofold—embracing both the purposes which I
have just been enforcing:—The conversion of souls, sought by direct and
appropriate means; and the general benefit of all classes of society, by
a supply of works in general literature purified by the presiding power
of Christian truth, righteousness, love, and wisdom.

The first object was originally the only one, and has ever been the
chief; and the good done by the religious tracts which the Society has
circulated, nobody can calculate.  Who can tell the blessings conveyed in
“The Dairyman’s Daughter” and “The Young Cottager,” tracts which, though
old, can never be out of date—tracts which have been very rarely
equalled, and, I believe, never surpassed?  Others less striking have
been the instruments of vast usefulness.  The annual circulation from the
London depot, I see, is 41,044,772; the total of issues, including those
which are from foreign societies, connected with this, 49,000,000.  The
total circulation of tracts for seventy-one years reaches the enormous
amount of nearly 1,335,000,000.  It would seem, looking at these almost
incredible numbers, as if the world could not contain so many books
written of Him; and yet how many, many millions of the men and women in
the world know nothing of Him, and have never yet been reached by any of
these publications!  What shoals have been and still are coming forth on
the other side, full of infidelity and superstition and vice!  So that,
after all, the work of this Society is not half done.

The second object—the hallowing of literature with a Christian spirit—has
increasingly occupied the attention of the Society of late years, but
never, in the slightest degree, to the neglect of the first.  The
catalogue of its published books includes, besides solid divinity, lively
histories, pleasant biographies, sparkling fictions, religious, moral,
and descriptive poetry.  Old works are brought out in modern dress under
the care of competent editors; works entirely new are issued under the
sanction of the Committee, which renders itself responsible for their
contents.  The pencil of the artist, the burin of the engraver, are
employed in the illustration and adornment of many of the publications;
and in an artistic as well as literary respect, “The Leisure Hour” and
the “Sunday at Home” stand deservedly high amongst our popular
periodicals.  They are making way amongst the intelligent and the
tasteful, conciliating prejudice, producing favourable impressions of
Christian truth, and guiding the young into right paths.

The prophet Ezekiel stood in the court of the Temple at Jerusalem, and
watched the flow of waters issuing “from under the threshold of the house
eastward,” and descending the slope of Zion into the Valley of
Jehoshaphat; he watched and followed the man with the measuring line in
his hand through the waters, which were first ancle and then knee deep,
and which, as they proceeded along the limestone gorge, rose up to the
loins, and then became waters to swim in—a river which could not be
passed over.  When it reached the Dead Sea it healed the waters of it,
and where it came everything lived.  Then the prophet saw, in vision,
groves, orchards, gardens, rising on each side of this river.  Such is
the Old Testament type of the Gospel of Christianity.  It may be applied
to all forms of its influence and action.  We venture to employ it as a
figure of what this Society is doing.  It issues fertilizing,
life-giving, and healing streams, because it is filling the world with
books written about the many things which Jesus did, and is doing, and
will do for the sons of men.  “And by the river, upon the bank thereof,
on this side and on that side, shall grow all trees for meat, whose leaf
shall not fade, neither shall the fruit thereof be consumed: it shall
bring forth new fruit according to his months, because their waters they
issued out of the sanctuary; and the fruit thereof shall be for meat, and
the leaf thereof for medicine.”




ABSTRACT OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST REPORT
OF THE
RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY,
FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1870.


THE object of the RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY, like that of the public
ministry of the Word, is to impress the contents of the sacred volume—its
doctrines, its precepts, its promises, its prospects—separately, or in
varied combinations, upon the consciences and affections of men according
to their spiritual needs.  In pursuing this object, it strives to imitate
the Divine book itself, and to teach, not by doctrine only, but by
history, biography, poetry, parable; and to tinge its information or
instruction, as to the events of every-day life, with the spirit of pure
and undefiled religion before God and the Father—disinterested
benevolence and personal holiness.

There have been issued, during the year, THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-THREE
new publications, of which ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-ONE were Tracts.  The
Books include a revised Quarto Paragraph New Testament, and two Parts of
the Old; a historic Survey of the Papacy; a Grammar and Vocabulary of the
Greek Testament, and many of a general character adapted for both adults
and youth; and amongst the Periodicals, a new one entitled “_The True
Catholic_.”



FOREIGN OPERATIONS.


EUROPE

FRANCE.


To the PARIS TRACT SOCIETY, the Committee have voted £100 to reduce the
price of the _Almanach des Bons Conseils_, £120 towards the free
circulation of 100,000 tracts, including a monthly grant to the agents of
the Home Missionary Society, and £300 for the publication of various
tracts monthly in editions of 10,000 each.

To Toulouse, £300 has been given; and to M. Puaux, £100.

Grants have also been made to the Strasbourg Society of £10; to M.
Jenkins, of Morlaix, for Breton publications, £19 10s. 5d.; and to Pastor
Maillard, of La Mothe, £20, for the publication of a Hymn Book.


BELGIUM AND HOLLAND.


The Committee have furnished the Belgian Evangelical Society with the
means for publishing an edition of 3,000 of a new translation of the Rev.
Newman Hall’s “Come to Jesus,” and 5,000 each of eleven Flemish tracts.
They have also continued their subsidies to the Flemish Christian monthly
periodical, and, for a period of the year, to the French _Chrétien
Belge_.

ROTTERDAM.—M. HERKLOTTS has issued from the auxiliary—Tracts, 57,181;
Books, 1,747; Handbills, 13,050; total, 71,978.  The “Sinner’s Friend”
has been reprinted, and 7,050 copies issued.

AMSTERDAM.—During the past year, a Workmen’s Exhibition was held in this
city, and the Committee sent to Pastor Adama v. Scheltema £10 in English
tracts, £10 in foreign, and £10 in Dutch tracts.  A handsome kiosk was
erected for their reception.  They were wisely distributed and well
received.


SWITZERLAND.


Grants voted to Switzerland, £146 14s.


RUSSIA.


ST. PETERSBURG.—Twenty-three new tracts have been printed—121,000
copies—at a cost of £80 to the Society.  They are chiefly translations
from English tracts, and all contain the Gospel of our Lord.

The sales, including nearly 8,000 German tracts and books, have reached
during the past year 115,823 copies.  The gratuitous circulation has
been, in addition, 2,600 tracts.

At RIGA, M. LOESWITZ still pursues his tract publication in the German,
Lettish, Esthonian, and Polish languages.  His scheme involved the
printing of 90,000 tracts and books in these tongues at a cost of over
£300, towards which the Committee contributed £100.


SWEDEN AND NORWAY.


The Stockholm Missionary Union, of which the Rev. Mr. Wiberg is
Secretary, has issued sixteen new tracts, in editions of 10,000 each, at
a cost of £44, towards which the Committee have voted £20.

The gratuitous circulation during the year amounts to 80,000, by the
hands of sixteen agents employed in various parts of the kingdom.

Through the Rev. J. STORJOHANN, the Norwegian Chaplain to the Port of
London, the Committee have printed six tracts in Norse, amounting to
15,500 copies.


GERMANY.


HAMBURG.—The Lower Saxony Tract Society has received the usual grant of
£350.  It has printed during the year 870,000 publications, and
circulated by sale and gift 1,060,000.

Mr. Oncken’s circulation for the year ending March 31, 1870, was
1,030,306.  The grants made to him have been £300 for tract printing,
£100 for the purchase of tracts from other German Societies, and £13 for
Spanish and Russian tracts.

The Bremen Society, conducted by Dr. Jacobi, has received £85,
principally for German versions of the Society’s English tracts.

The miscellaneous grants are two of £20 each to Mr. Lehmann, of Berlin,
one of whose distributors has been imprisoned for giving away a tract
under prohibited circumstances; £30 to Dr. Adelberg, of Erlangen; £10 to
Pastor Tretzel, Nüremberg; £20 to Nassau; £30 to Baden; and £20 English
books for the daughter of the late Dr. Fliedner, at Hilden.


HUNGARY.


The sums expended in this field amount to £460:—35,000 copies of tracts
in Hungarian have been printed, and 13,000 in Slavonian.


ITALY.


The books printed at the Typographia Claudiana, at the cost of the
Society, during the past year amounted to 40,500 copies.

Grants voted to Italy, £819 4s.


SPAIN.


From November, 1868, to February, 1870, 1,500,000 tracts have been
printed at Madrid, at a cost of £1,490.

“Tracts are a mighty power _rightly_ used, but tracts can be wasted and
the tract brought into contempt.  The rule we desire to see carried out
in Spain is, tracts given to all who purchase Gospels; an assortment to
purchasers of Bibles and Testaments, given to those who can _read_, or
who have sons or children who can read for them.”


TURKEY.


The works printed during the past year at the cost of the Committee by
the American Missionaries in Constantinople, who have received the usual
grant of £300, have amounted to 13,000 copies in Arabo-Turkish; 8,000 in
Armenian; 3,000 in Armeno-Turkish; and 6,000 in Bulgarian.


ASIATIC OPERATIONS.

INDIA.


The report from India speaks of movement and progress both in printing
and circulation.

Madras writes:—“The past year records the largest number of distinct
publications that have ever been published in any one year.  The average
number of new publications has only been _seven_: this year
_seventy-seven_ distinct publications have been issued, sixty-four of
which are new tracts and books.  The printing is about the average.”

From BOMBAY, Mr. Bowen says:—“Our circulation is much in advance of what
it ever was.  Our financial condition is good.”

From COLOMBO Mr. Murdoch says:—“The subscriptions are somewhat in advance
of the preceding year; but the most encouraging feature is the great
increase, amounting to 45 per cent. beyond former sales.”

The amount of paper granted to the various printing presses during the
past year has been considerably increased, being 3,062 reams; while
754,110 books and tracts have been printed during the year by the various
Indian Auxiliaries.


CHINA.


The total grants during the year have amounted to £247.  Returns of
publications printed not received in time for the Report.


BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.


The grants of tracts and Sunday-school libraries made to this part of the
field amount to £546.


WEST INDIES, ETC.


Including Jamaica, Antigua, Turk’s Island, Demerara, Cuba, Brazil,
Honduras, Mexico, have received grants to the amount of £169.


AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, TASMANIA.


The grants during the year to our brethren in these distant parts of the
globe were as follows:—

Adelaide, £35 14s.; Goulburn, £5; Hobart Town, £13; Melbourne, £10;
Victoria—Miscellaneous, £22; Sydney, £104 10s.; Launceston, £6;
Queensland, £7 15s.; Miscellaneous, £10; Total, £204.


AFRICA.


The grants made to this continent amount to £73.



FUNDS.


The benevolent receipts, including legacies, amount to £15,479; but as
£500 of this sum is by the will of the testator, Mr. William Hollins,
directed to be kept distinct, the dividends upon it have alone been
available, thus reducing the amount to £14,979.

The grants for the year, including money, paper, and publications, have
amounted to £17,223, making the excess of grants over the receipts
£2,244.



CIRCULATION.


The total circulation for the year is about forty-one millions of
publications from the Home Depository; and about eight millions more from
Foreign Depôts.



PRIVILEGES OF SUBSCRIBERS.


All Subscribers to the Parent Society are allowed a discount of 25 per
cent. on all their purchases; while the Subscription itself is
appropriated to the Society’s Grants at Home and Abroad.

                                * * * * *

      DEPOSITORIES: 56, PATERNOSTER ROW; 65, ST. PAUL’S CHURCHYARD;
             164, PICCADILLY; AND 31 WESTERN ROAD, BRIGHTON.




SOCIETY’S PERIODICALS.


                            THE TRUE CATHOLIC.

   PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF SCRIPTURAL TRUTH.  One Penny, Monthly.

                        THE COTTAGER AND ARTIZAN.

A MONTHLY PERIODICAL FOR THE LABOURING CLASSES.  In large type, with fine
                     Illustrations.  Price One Penny.

     The Volume for 1869, with cover printed in oil colours, 1s. 6d.

                              NEW SERIES OF
                           THE TRACT MAGAZINE.

   Monthly, price One Penny.  FOR LOAN CIRCULATION AND FAMILY READING.
   Volume for 1869, 1s. 6d., with coloured Frontispiece and Engravings.

              THE CHILD’S COMPANION AND JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR.

  Published Monthly, price One Penny.  Printed in small quarto size, and
  embellished with large tinted and other Engravings by the best English
                           and Foreign Artists.

The Volume for 1869, 1s. 6d., fancy cover; 2s. extra cloth, gilt.

                            THE LEISURE HOUR.

    A FAMILY JOURNAL OF INSTRUCTION AND RECREATION.  Coloured and Wood
         Engravings.  Weekly, One Penny; Monthly Parts, Sixpence.

                           THE SUNDAY AT HOME.

  A FAMILY MAGAZINE FOR SABBATH READING.  Coloured and Wood Engravings.
               Weekly, One Penny; Monthly Parts, Sixpence.

PARAGRAPH BIBLE, with Emendations.—THE HOLY BIBLE, according to the
Authorized Versions, in Paragraphs and Sections, with Emendations of the
Text; also Maps, Chronological Tables, and Marginal References.  Royal
4to, large type.  Part I., Genesis to Deuteronomy, 6s.  Part II., Joshua
to Esther, 8s.; together in boards, 16s.  Part V., The Gospels, 4s.  Part
VI., The Epistles, 4s. 6d.  The New Testament, complete in one vol., 10s.
6d., boards.

_This important work_, _upon which several eminent scholars have been
engaged_, _has been in course of preparation for many years_.  _The aim
has been to give to English readers the benefit of all such emendations
of the text as are valuable_, _and have the sanction of the best
authorities_, _while avoiding such as are either doubtful or trivial_.

THE ANNOTATED PARAGRAPH BIBLE.—The OLD and NEW TESTAMENTS, according to
the Authorized Versions, arranged in Paragraphs and Parallelisms, with
Explanatory Notes, Prefaces, and New Selection of References.  Maps and
Engravings.  Super-royal 8vo.  Old Testament, 14s. boards; New Testament,
7s.  Complete in one vol., 20s., boards.  (_For other styles and prices_,
_see Catalogue_.)




TRACTS PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY. {i}


FIRST SERIES—consisting of doctrinal statements, appeals to the heart and
conscience, refutations of Romanism and infidelity, addresses to various
classes and ages, etc.  About 800 sorts, at the rate of 400 pages for One
Shilling.

SECOND SERIES, principally intended for sale by hawkers and other
itinerant vendors.  Also suited for general distribution.  140 sorts,
each consisting of 8 pages, sold at 2s. 4d. per 100.

BIOGRAPHICAL SERIES are of a larger size, each containing 24 pages, and
consist of memoirs of eminent Christians.

NARRATIVE SERIES—containing true narratives and sketches of character,
specially suited for loan circulation.  About 240 sorts, sold at the rate
of 400 pages for One Shilling.

EVERY WEEK.—A new Tract is published every Wednesday in the Year,
entitled “EVERY WEEK,” designed for systematic or occasional distribution
among all classes.  Each consists of four pages, with illustrations or
ornamental headings, and is sold at 1s. per 100.  178 are issued.  Also
in Sixpenny Packets.

TRACTS in Large Type, a considerable variety, suited to the aged and
those who can read but little.  Sold at the rate of 400 pages for One
Shilling.

WAYSIDE BOOKS, in packets, suited for general distribution, and for
inclosure in letters.  Price 6d. per Packet.

THE SEPARATE SERIES, for circulation among the fallen, etc., 28 in
number.

BOOK TRACTS, in neat covers, and ENVELOPE SERIES, for circulation amongst
the higher classes, through letters, etc.

CHILDREN’S TRACTS, 192 in number, printed in 32mo, with engravings, and
sold at 6d. per 100.

HANDBILLS, illustrated, at 10d. per 100, and without illustrations at 6d.
per 100.



Catalogues of the Society’s Publications.


1.  General Catalogue of Books—

  Containing numerous valuable Works—BIBLICAL, DOCTRINAL, AND PRACTICAL
  THEOLOGY—DEVOTIONAL AND
  EXPERIMENTAL—ANTI-ROMANIST—ANTI-INFIDEL—BIOGRAPHICAL—DOMESTIC LIFE—FOR
  SOLDIERS AND SAILORS—FOR THE AFFLICTED AND BEREAVED—FOR THE
  AGED—SERMONS, ETC.  Also a large variety of BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG, suited
  to all ranks of society, bound in various styles, and at prices ranging
  from One Farthing to Ten Shillings; PICTURE CARDS, etc.

2.  A Classified Catalogue of Books—

  Arranged according as the Works are designed for Adults or the Young.

3.  Catalogue of Tracts, Handbills, Sermons, etc.

4.  Catalogue of Foreign Books and Tracts—

  FRENCH, GERMAN, DUTCH, SPANISH, ITALIAN, PORTUGUESE, DANISH, SWEDISH,
  MODERN GREEK, etc.

                                * * * * *

       _A Copy of any of the above may be had on application at the
                              Depositories_.




FOOTNOTES.


{i}  In the printed pamphlet this section comes before the title
page.—DP.