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BARS AND SHADOWS

THE PRISON POEMS OF RALPH CHAPLIN

With an introduction By Scott Nearing


1922


  CONTENTS

  INTRODUCTION
  MOURN NOT THE DEAD
  TAPS
  NIGHT IN THE CELL HOUSE
  PRISON SHADOWS
  PRISON REVEILLE
  PRISON NOCTURNE
  THE WARRIOR WIND
  TO FREEDOM
  THE VISION MAKER
  DISTANCES
  PHANTOMS
  SEVEN LITTLE SPARROWS
  SALAAM!
  THE WEST IS DEAD
  UP FROM YOUR KNEES!
  THE EUNUCH
  I. W. W. PRISON SONG
  TO FRANCE
  VILLANELLE
  WESLEY EVEREST
  THE INDUSTRIAL HERETICS
  BLOOD AND WINE
  THE RED GUARD
  THE RED FEAST
  THE GIRLS WHO SANG FOR US
  TO EDITH
  SONG OF SEPARATION
  TO MY LITTLE SON
  ESCAPED!
  RETROSPECT



INTRODUCTION

I.

Ralph Chaplin is serving a twenty year sentence in the Federal
Penitentiary, not as a punishment for any act of violence against
person or property, but solely for the expression of his opinions.

Chaplin, together with a number of fellow prisoners who were sentenced
at the same time, was accused of taking part in a conspiracy with
intent to obstruct the prosecution of the war. To be sure the
Government did not produce a single witness to show that the war had
been obstructed by their activities; but it was argued that the
agitation which they had carried on by means of speeches, articles,
pamphlets, meetings and organizing campaigns, would quite naturally
hamper the country in its war work. On the face of their indictments
these men were accused of interfering with the conduct of the war; in
reality they were sent to jail because they held and expressed certain
beliefs.

As a member of the Industrial Workers of the World, Ralph Chaplin did
his part to make the organization a success.  He wrote songs and
poems; he made speeches: he edited the official paper, "Solidarity".
He looked about him; saw poverty, wretchedness and suffering among the
workers; contrasted it with the luxury of those who owned the land and
the machinery of production; studied the problem of distribution; and
decided that it was possible, through the organization of the
producers, to establish a more scientific, juster, more humane system
of society. All this he felt, intensely. With him and his
fellow-workers the task of freeing humanity from economic bondage took
on the aspect of a faith, a religion. They held their meetings; wrote
their literature; made their speeches and sang their songs with
zealous devotion. They had seen a vision; they had heard a call to
duty; they were giving their lives to a cause--the emancipation of the
human race.

When the war broke out in Europe, with millions of working-men
flinging death and misery at one another, men like Chaplin, the world
over, regarded it as the last straw.  Was it not bad enough that these
exploited creatures should be used as factory-fodder? Must they be
cannon-fodder too? Why should they fight to increase the economic
power of German traders? of British manufacturers? The war was a
capitalist war between capitalist nations. What interest had the
workers in these nations? in their winnings or in their losses? So ran
the argument.

The I. W. W. was not primarily an anti-war organization In theory it
had abandoned political activity to devote itself exclusively to
agitation and organization on the field of industry.  Practically its
funds and its energies were expended upon industrial struggles. Long
before the war, the I. W. W.  had made itself known and feared for its
conduct of strikes, its free speech fights, and its ability to put the
sore spots of American industrial life on the front page of the daily
press and to keep them there until the people had become aroused to
the wrongs that were being perpetrated. It was in this domain of
industry that the I. W. W. was functioning, and it was among the
business interests that the determination had been reached to rid the
country of the organization at all costs.

Had the chief offense of the I. W. W. consisted in its expressed
opposition to the war, it would not have been singled out for attack.
Many of the peace societies that flourished prior to 1917 were more
outspoken and more consistent in their opposition to war than were the
leaders of the I. W. W. None of these societies, however, had acquired
reputation for championing the cause of industrial under dogs, and for
demanding a complete change in the form of American economic life.
Consequently, in the prosecution, in the sentences, in the
commutations and in the pardons, the anti-war pacifists were treated
very leniently, while the revolutionary I. W. W. members were singled
out for the most ferocious legal and extra-legal attack.

Technically, Ralph Chaplin and his comrades had conspired to obstruct
the war. Actually, they had lined themselves up solidly against the
present economic order, of which the World War was only one phase.
This was their real crime.


II.

Ralph Chaplin was guilty of the most serious social offense that a man
can commit. While living in an old and shattered social order, he had
championed a new order of society and had expounded a new culture.
Socrates and Jesus, for like offenses, lost their lives. Thousands of
their followers, guilty of no greater crime than that of denouncing
vested wrong and expounding new truths, have suffered in the dungeon,
on the scaffold and at the stake.

Not because he and his fellows conspired to obstruct the war, but
because they denounced the present order of economic society and
taught the inauguration of a better one, are they still held in prison
more than three years after the signing of the armistice; after the
proclamation of peace and the resumption of trade with all of the
enemy countries; after the repeal or the lapse of the Espionage Act
and the other war-time laws under which they were convicted; and after
German agents and German spies, caught red-handed in their attempts to
interfere with the prosecution of the war, have won their freedom
through presidential pardon.

The most dangerous men in the United States, during the years 1917 and
1918, were not those who were taking pay to do the will of the German
or the Austrian Governments, but those who were trying to convince the
American working people that they should throw aside a system of
economic parasitism and economic exploitation, should take possession
of the machinery of production and should secure for themselves the
product of their own toil. In the eyes of the masters of American
life, such men are still dangerous, and that is the reason that they
are kept in prison.


III.

The culture of any age consists of the feelings, habits, customs,
activities, thoughts, ambitions and dreams of a people. It is a
composite picture of their homes, their work, their arts, their
pleasures and the other channels of their life-expression.

The culture of each age has two aspects. On the one hand there is the
established or accepted culture of those who dominate and
control,--the culture of the leisure or ruling class. This culture is
respected, admired, applauded, and sometimes even worshipped by those
who benefit from it most directly. Civilization--even life itself
seems bound up with its continuance. When the advocates of the
established culture cry "Long live the King!" they are really shouting
approval of royalty, aristocracy, landlordism, vassalage, exploitation
and of all the other attributes of divine right. The world as it is
becomes in their minds, synonymous with the world as it should be. For
them the old culture is the best culture.

On the other hand there is the new culture, comprising the hopes,
beliefs, ideas and ideals of those who feel that the present is but a
transition-stage, leading from the past into the future--a future that
they see radiant with the best that is in man, developing soundly
against the bounties that are supplied by the hand of nature. These
forward looking ones, impatient with the mistakes and injustices of
to-day, preach wisdom and justice for the morrow. So imperfect does
the present seem to them, and so obvious are the possibilities of the
future, that they look forward confidently to the overthrow of the old
social forms, and the establishment, in their places, of a new
society, the embryo of which is already germinating within the old
social shell.

The old culture relies on tradition, custom, and the normal
conservatism of the masses of mankind, The new culture relies on
concepts of justice, truth, liberty, love, brotherhood.  Eighteenth
century, Feudal France was filled with the prophecies of a form of
society that would supplant Feudalism. Nineteenth century Russia, in
the grip of a capitalist bureaucracy, proved to be the centre for the
revolutions of the early twentieth century. The new culture, growing
at first under the shadow of the old, gradually assumes larger and
larger proportions until it takes all of the sunlight for itself,
throwing the old culture into the shadow of oblivion.

Each ruling class knows these facts,--knows that the old must give
place to the new; knows that the living, ruling culture of to-day will
be the history of the day after tomorrow, yet because of the vested
interests which they rely upon for their power, and because they are
satisfied to have the deluge come after them, they oppose each
manifestation of the new culture and strain every nerve to make the
temporary organization of the world permanent. The more vigorously the
new culture thrives, the more eagerly do the representatives of the
old order strive to destroy it.


IV.

During three eventful centuries, the part of North America that is now
the United States has witnessed two fierce culture-survival struggles.
In the first of these struggles--that between the American Indians and
the whites, the culture of Western Europe supplanted the culture of
primitive America. In the second struggle--that between the slave
holders of the South and the rising business interests of the North,
the slave oligarchy was swept from power, and in its place there was
established the new financial imperialism that dominates the public
life of the nation at the present time. Despite the extreme youth of
the capitalist system in the United States, there are already many
signs that those who profit by it must be prepared to defend it at no
distant date. The Russian Revolution of 1917 sounded the loudest note
of warning, but even before that occurred, the industrial capitalists
had entered upon a struggle which they believed to be of the greatest
importance to their future.

During the twenty years that elapsed between the Homestead and Pullman
strikes and the beginning of the world war, the pages of American
industrial history are crowded with stories of the labor conflict--on
an ever vaster and vaster scale, between nationally organized
employers, using the power of the police, the courts and, where
necessary, the army; and the nationally organized workers, backed by
some show of public sentiment, and armed with the strength of numbers.
Although the bulk of the workers was still unorganized, and although
those who were organized thought and acted within the lines of their
crafts, considering themselves as railway trainmen or as carpenters
first, and as workers afterward, there was not wanting a new
spirit--sometimes called the spirit of industrial unionism--emphasizing
labor solidarity and speaking most loudly through the
propaganda, first of the Socialist Labor Party and later of the
I. W. W.

The old culture was joining battle with the new. "America is the land
of opportunity. It was good enough for my father: it is good enough
for me" was the slogan of the capitalists. "The world for the
workers," answered the vanguard of the exploited masses.

The advocate of a labor state is as unpopular in a capitalist society
as the abolitionist was in the Carolinas before the Civil War. He sees
a vision that the stalwarts of the existing order do not care to see;
he speaks a language that they cannot comprehend; he represents an
interest that is as hateful to them as it is alien to their
privileges.


V.

At the outset, while the old order is still relatively strong, and the
new relatively weak, the spokesmen of the old order can afford to
ignore the champions of the new. But as the established order grows
more senile and the new order more vigorous, the defenders of the old
order, by force or by guile, set themselves to root out the new, even
though they should be compelled to destroy themselves in the process.
Then there ensues a savage struggle in which wits are matched against
wits and force against force. Families are divided; the community is
split into factions; civil war rages; society is torn to its
foundations. At times the struggle reaches the military phase, but for
the most part it instills itself into the lives of the people until it
becomes an accepted part of the day's work.

Then it is that the real test comes between the old world and the new.
The old world holds power--economic, social, political. It holds in
its hands income, respectability and preferment, with which it seeks
first to buy, and later to destroy all who oppose its will.

Buying is the easiest, the safest, and in the long run the cheapest
method of gaining the desired end.

Each generation contains some men and women possessed of unusual
endowments--as organizers and enterprisers, as spokesmen, as singers,
as seers and prophets.  These gifted ones the old order sets out to
win--lavishing upon them gratitudes, favors, rewards; filling their
lives out of the horn of economic and social plenty; teasing their
vanities and gratifying their ambitions; soothing, cajoling,
flattering. By these means the rulers succeed in bringing under their
control the strong thinkers, the capable executives, the sensitive,
the talented--all in fact who are worth buying, and who can be bought
for income and for social preferment, even though they may have been
born into the families of the humblest and most oppressed of the
workers.

Most men and women go where income promises and social preferment
beckons. But not all! There are some whose love of justice, truth and
beauty; whose yearning for betterment and increased social
opportunity, outweighs the tempting bait of ease and respectability.
Them the established order smites.

The strength of the old order is measured superficially by the extent
of its control over the means of common livelihood and by the
generalness of the satisfaction or discontent with which the masses
receive its administration. Fundamentally its strength is determined
by the direction in which its life is tending. The structure of the
Roman Empire was apparently sound before it buckled and disintegrated.
The French aristocracy was never surer of itself than in the gala days
that preceded 1789. The old order may undergo a process of gradual
transformation. In that case the change is slow, as it was when
Feudalism gave place to Capitalism in England. Again, the old order
may be exterminated as it was when Feudalism gave place to Capitalism
in France. In one case the masters of life loosens the reins of power
to ease the straining team; in the other case the masters hold the
reins taut till they are jerked from their hands, as masters and team
go together over the precipice.

The strength of the new order, at any stage in its development may be
gauged by the solidarity of its organization, the efficacy of its
propaganda, and the tone of its art.  These forms of expression are
necessary to the maintenance of any phase of culture, old or new, and
by the last of the three, the esthetic expression of the culture, its
morale may best be judged. It is for this reason that artists,
musicians, dramatists and poets are so important a part of any order
of society. They voice its deepest sentiments and express its most
sacred faiths and longings. When the time arrives that a new social
order can boast its permanent art and music and literature, it is
already far advanced on the path that leads to stability and power.


VI.

The poems which appear in this volume are a contribution to the
propaganda and the art of the new culture.  "Above all things," writes
Chaplin, "I don't want anyone to try to make me out a 'poet'--because
I'm not. I don't think much of these esthetic creatures who condescend
to stoop to our level that we may have the blessings of culture. We'll
manage to make our own--do it in our own way, and stagger through
somehow. . . . These are tremendous times, and sooner or later someone
will come along big enough to sound the right note, and it will be a
rebel note." It is that note which Chaplin has sought to strike, and
that he has succeeded will be the verdict of anyone who has read over
the poems.

Chaplin's work speaks for itself. Some of the poems were written in
Leavenworth Prison and published in the prison paper. Others were
written during the tedious months of the Chicago trial, when the men
were kept in the Cook County jail. Chaplin has had ample time to work
them out.  Christmas, 1921, was the fifth consecutive Christmas that
he has spent in prison. The poems bear the impress of the bars, but
they ring with the glad vigor of a free spirit that bars cannot
contain.

The reader of Chaplin's prison poems unavoidably makes three mental
comments:

1. When poems so reserved, so vigorous; so penetrating, so melodious,
so beautiful, come from behind jail bars, it is high time that
thinking men and women awoke to the fate that awaits bold dreamers and
singers under the present order in the United States.

2. Men are not silenced when steel doors clang behind them. Free
spirits are as free behind the bars as they are under the open sky.
The jail, as a gag, is impotent. While it may master the body, it
cannot contain the soul.

3. The new order in America is already finding its voice. Although it
is so young, and so immature, it is speaking with an accent of gifted
authority.

Chaplin is not a dangerous man--except as his ideas are dangerous to
the existing order of society. His presence in the penitentiary, under
a twenty year sentence, indicates how dangerous those ideas are
considered by the masters of American public life. Rich those masters
are--fabulously rich; and strong they may be, yet so insecure do they
feel themselves that they are constrained to hold in prison this
dreamer and singer of the new social order.

Chaplin, in prison, like Debs in prison, is doing his work.  He is
resisting the encroachments of those jail demons--hate, bitterness,
revenge; he is holding his mind on the goal--a newer, better social
order; he is keeping his vision of nature, of humanity, of
brotherhood, of courage, of love, of beauty,--clear and bright.
Chaplin, the man, is in jail; but Chaplin the poet and singer is
roaming wherever books go; wherever papers are read, and wherever
comrades repeat verses to one another in the flickering light of the
evening fire.

SCOTT NEARING.




MOURN NOT THE DEAD

  Mourn not the dead that in the cool earth lie--
  Dust unto dust--
  The calm, sweet earth that mothers all who die
  As all men must;

  Mourn not your captive comrades who must dwell--
  Too strong to strive--
  Within each steel-bound coffin of a cell,
  Buried alive;

  But rather mourn the apathetic throng--
  The cowed and the meek--
  Who see the world's great anguish and its wrong
  And dare not speak!



TAPS

  The day is ended! Ghostly shadows creep
  Along each dim-lit wall and corridor.
  The bugle sounds as from some faery shore
  Silvered with sadness, somnolent and deep.
  Darkness and bars . . . God! shall we curse or weep?
  Somewhere a pipe is tapped upon the floor;
  A guard slams shut the heavy iron door;
  The day is ended--go to sleep--to sleep.

  Three times it blows--weird lullaby of doom--
  And then to dream while fecund Night gives birth
  To other days like this day that is done. .
  But Morning . . . does it live beyond the gloom--
  This deep black pall that hangs above the earth--
  He fears the dark who dares to doubt the sun!



NIGHT IN THE CELL HOUSE

  Tier over tier they rise to dizzy height--
  The cells of men who know the world no more.
  Silence intense from ceiling to the floor;
  While through the window gleams a lone blue light
  Which stabs the dark immensity of night.
  Felt shod and ghostly like a shade of yore,
  The guard comes shuffling down the corridor;
  His key-ring jingles . . . and he glides from sight.

  Oh, to forget the prison and its scars,
  And face the breeze where ocean meets the land;
  To watch the foam-crests dance with silver stars,
  While long green waves come tumbling on the sand . . .
  My brow is hot against the icy bars;
  There is the smell of iron on my hand.



PRISON SHADOWS

  Like grey-winged phantoms out of sullen skies
  They flood our cells and seem to fashion there
  I know not what dim landscapes of despair;
  All day we feel them lurking in our eyes.
  At night they fall like crosses, sombre-wise,
  Upon the shameful uniforms we wear,
  Upon the brow, the face, the hand, the hair;
  And on each heart their shadow always lies.

  O heart of mine, why throb with futile rage
  And beat and beat against these hopeless bars?
  For, though you break in life's last deadly swoon,
  You cannot pierce beyond this iron cage
  To see the pulsing splendor of the stars
  Or feel the blue-green magic of the moon!



PRISON REVEILLE

  Out through the iron doorway, bolted strong,
  I see the night guard's shadow on the wall.
  The bugle sounds its thin, white silver call,
  Awake! awake! O world-forgotten throng!
  And then the sudden clanging of the gong,
  And . . . silence . . . aching silence . . . over all;
  While through the windows, steel-barred, stern and tall,
  Pale daylight greets us like a plaintive song.

  Somewhere the dawn breaks laughing o'er the sea
  To splash with gold the cities' domes and towers,
  And countless men seek visions wide and free,
  In that alluring world that is not ours;
  But no one there could prize as much as we
  The open road, the smell of grass and flowers.



PRISON NOCTURNE

  Outside the storm is swishing to and fro;
    The wet wind hums its colorless refrain;
  Against the walls and dripping bars, the rain
  Beats with a rhythm like a song of woe;
  Dimmed by the lightning's ever-fitful glow
  The purple arc-lamps blur each streaming pane;
  The thunder rumbles at the distant plain,
  The cells are hushed and silent, row on row.

  Fall, fruitful drops, upon the parching earth,
    Fall, and revive the living sap of spring;
    Blossom the fields with wonder once again!
  And, in all hearts, awaken to new birth
  Those visions and endeavors that will bring
  A fresh, sweet morning to the world of men!



THE WARRIOR WIND

  Once more the wind leaps from the sullen land
    With his old battle-cry.
    A tree bends darkly where the wall looms high;
  Its tortured branches, like a grisly hand,
    Clutch at the sky.

  Grey towers rise from gloom and underneath--
  Black-barred and strong--
  The snarling windows guard their ancient wrong;
  But the mad wind shakes them, hissing through his teeth
    A battle song.

  O bitter is the challenge that he flings
  At bars and bolts and keys.
  Torn with the cries of vanished centuries
  And curses hurled at long-forgotten kings
    Beyond dim seas.

  The wind alone, of all the gods of old,
    Men could not chain.
    O wild wind, brother to my wrath and pain,
  Like you, within a restless heart I hold
    A hurricane.

  The wind has known the dungeons of the past
    Knows all that are;
    And in due time will strew their dust afar,
  And singing, he will shout their doom at last
  To a laughing star.

  O cleansing warrior wind, stronger than death,
    Wiser than men may know;
    O smite these stubborn walls and lay them low,
  Uproot and rend them with your mighty breath--
    Blow, wild wind, blow!



TO FREEDOM

  Out on the "lookout" in the wind and sleet,
  Out in the woods of fir and spruce and pine,
  Down in the hot slopes of the dripping mine
  We dreamed of you and Oh, the dream was sweet!
  And now you bless the felon food we eat
  And make each iron cell a sacred shrine;
  For when your love thrills in the blood like wine,
  The very stones grow holy to our feet.

  We shall be faithful though we march with Death
  And singing storm the barricades of Wrong,
  For life is such a little thing to give.
  We shall fight on as long as we have breath--
  Love in our hearts and on our lips a song--
  Without you it were better not to live!



THE VISION MAKER

To EUGENE VICTOR DEBS


  Christ-like he spoke. While angry cannon roared,
  His vision tinged the torn and bleeding skies,
  Men heard in him their own dumb anguished cries,
  The heavens seemed to open at his word.
  Give us a victim, shouted Caesar's horde,
  From his black pyre red warnings shall arise,
  The vision perishes, the prophet dies. . .
  His truth is far more deadly than our sword!

  And deadlier his dream--a quenchless flame,
  For which no dungeon fastness can be built . . .
  You have but made the convict half divine,
  Crowned Truth with martyrdom, yourselves with shame;
  Not he, but you are branded deep with guilt;
  His cell is holier than your highest shrine.



DISTANCES

  Above the moist earth, tremulous and bright,
  The stars creep forth--stars that I cannot see;
  And to my cell steals, oh, so tenderly
  The dewy fragrance of a summer night!
  All wan and wistful, somewhere out of sight,
  Stalking o'er landscapes wide and dark and free,
  My friend, the moon, looks everywhere for me,
  Splashing the paths I loved with silver light.

  Oh loveliness! why do you torture so
  With such keen beauty till the day appears?
  Why touch to life things buried long ago,
  Whose aching cries trouble the heart to tears;
  Ghostly--like wind tossed sea gulls calling low
  Out of the poignant vistas of the years?



PHANTOMS

  Ghost of a mountain
    And ghost of a moon;
  Night birds sink droopingly
    Over the dune

  Clouds drifting hazily
    Stars blurring through;
  Darkness come close to me--
    Darkness and you.

  Mist on the water
    And mist in the sky;
  Netted with silver
    The waves ripple by.

  _Ghost of a solitude_
    _Lit with dead stars._
  _You have your memories_
    _I have my bars!_



SEVEN LITTLE SPARROWS

  Beyond the deep-cut window
    The bars are heaped with snow,
  And seven little sparrows
    Are sitting in a row.

  Fluffy blur of snowflakes;
    Dappled haze of light;
  The narrow prison vista
    Is all awhirl with white.

  Seven little sparrows
    Ruffled brown and grey
  Snuggled close against the bars--
    And this is Christmas day!



SALAAM!

  Serene, complacent, satisfied,
    Content with things that be;
  The paragon of paltriness
    Upraised for all to see;
  With loving pride he cherishes
    His mediocrity!

  The smirking, ass-like multitudes
    Cringe down at his command.
  With wagging ears and blinded eyes
    They do not understand.
  With pride they show each shackled wrist
    And on each brow the brand.

  The young, the old, the great, the small
    Give homage--all supine.
  Fond parents bring their children there
    As to some holy shrine.
  And every one the Beast transforms
    From human into swine!

  Well praised are they--rewarded well--
    Who on their shoulders bore
  The gilded Thing that all the mob
    Fawned in the dust before.
  And each that did obeisance there
    Was naked like a whore.

  The poet with his teeming song,
    The wise his deep-delved lore,
  The maiden with her tender flesh,
    The strong his sturdy store:
  Each yielded all he had to give;
    No harlot could do more.

  Is there not one to share with me
    The shame and wrath I own?
  Is there not one to curse that Thing
    Or pick up stones to stone--
  To rend and wreck and raze to earth--
    Or do I stand alone?

  Raise high the swine-like incubus,
    Obediently bow!
  Shatter the flame on rebel lips
    And wreath that brazen brow!
  So blaze the banners, ring the bells,
    Apotheosis now!

  My kind but scorn your dull "success"--
    Your subtle ways to "win,"
  We eat our hearts in solitude
    Or sear our souls with "sin";
  Yet we are better men than you
    Who fit so smugly in.

  Go! grovel for the shoddy goods
    And plod and plot and plan,
  And if you win the paltry prize
    Go prize it--if you can,
  But I would hurl it in your face
    To hold myself a man!

  I will not bow with that mad horde
    And passively obey.
  I will not think their sordid thoughts
    Nor say the things they say,
  Nor wear their shameful uniforms,
    Nor branded be as they.

  Nor can they bend me to their will
    Though black their numbers swell,
  Nor bribe with hopes of paradise
    Nor force with fears of hell;
  Me they may break but never bend,--
    I live but to rebel!

  I go my way rejoicingly,
    I, outcast, spurned and low,
  But undreamed worlds may come to birth
    From seeds that I may sow.
  And if there's pain within my heart
    Those fools shall never know.

  So let me stand back silently,
    The pageant passes by,
  And live my life with these new Christs
    Whom you would crucify,
  And laugh with mirth to see the mob
    Do homage to a Lie!



THE WEST IS DEAD

  What path is left for you to tread
    When hunger-wolves are slinking near--
  Do you not know the West is dead?

  The "blanket-stiff" now packs his bed
    Along the trails of yesteryear--
  What path is left for you to tread?

  Your fathers, golden sunsets led
    To virgin prairies wide and clear--
  Do you not know the West is dead?

  Now dismal cities rise instead
    And freedom is not there nor here--
  What path is left for you to tread?

  Your fathers' world, for which they bled,
    Is fenced and settled far and near--
  Do you not know the West is dead?

  Your fathers gained a crust of bread,
    Their bones bleach on the lost frontier;
  What path is left for you to tread--
    Do you not know the West is dead?



UP FROM YOUR KNEES

(Air: "Song of a Thousand Years")

  Up from your knees, ye cringing serf men!
    What have ye gained by whines and tears?
  Rise! They can never break our spirits
    Though they should try a thousand years.

  CHORUS

  A thousand years, then speed the victory!
    Nothing can stop us nor dismay.
  After the winter comes the springtime;
    After the darkness comes the day.

  Break ye your chains, strike off your fetters;
    Beat them to swords, the Foe appears.
  Slaves of the world arise and crush him--
    Crush him or serve a thousand years.

  Join in the fight--the Final Battle,
    Welcome the fray with ringing cheers.
  These are the times our fathers dreamed of,
    Fought to attain a thousand years.

  Be ye prepared, be not unworthy,
    Greater the task when triumph nears.
  Master the earth, O men of labor;
    Long have ye learned--a thousand years.

  Out of the East the sun is rising,
    Out of the night the day appears;
  See! at your feet the world is waiting,
    Bought with your blood a thousand years.



THE EUNUCH

(To those who fight on the side of the Powers of Darkness)

  Once a Eunuch by the palace
    In the sunset's fading glow
    Felt the soft warm breezes blow;
  Watched the fair girls of the Harem
    Idly saunter to and fro.

  Saw he beauty young and lavish--
    Fierce to lure man's every sense--
    (Grim the Eunuch stood and tense)
  Laughingly the sparkling fountain
    Mocked his bleak incompetence.

  Came the Sultan from his hunting
    Flaming with the zest of life;
    (Laid aside were spear and knife)
  Came for wine and song and feasting,
    Came to seek his fairest wife.

  Opened then the marble portals.
    Fragrant incense filled the air,
    (Sandalwood and roses rare)
  While the girls with red-lipped languor
    Scattered flowers everywhere.

  Far away the fabled mountains,
    (Like some paradise of old)
    Glowed with lavender and gold.
  Tense the Eunuch stood and silent--
    Tense and sullen, tense and cold.

  Now a quick impotent fury
    Lashed him like a bronze-tipped cord.
    Sprang he at the youthful lord,
  Sprang again with blade all bloody . . .
    (Famished lust and dripping sword.)

   *       *        *       *        *

  Night crept on all chill and ghastly,
    Jackals trotted forth to bark,
    (Murder shuddered, still and stark . . .)
  By the palace ceased the fountain
    And the whole grey world grew dark.



I. W. W. PRISON SONG

(Tune: "The Red Flag")


  The pale and dismal daylight falls
  Through iron bars on prison walls.
  In chains we came from far and near,
  And in dark cells they hold us here.

  CHORUS

  Defiant 'neath the Iron Heel;
  Their walls of stone and bars of steel!
  For though all hell at us is hurled,
  We and our kind shall rule the world!

  At us the blood-hounds are let loose,
  The lynch-mobs with the knotted noose;
  In legal sanctioned mask and gown
  The New Black Hundreds hunt us down.

  To all brave comrades o'er the sea,
  In chains for human liberty,
  And all jailed rebels everywhere
  We say: be bold to do and dare!

  By all the graves of Labor's dead,
  By Labor's deathless flag of red,
  We make a solemn vow to you,--
  We'll keep the faith; we will be true.

  For Freedom laughs at prison bars
  Her voice re-echoes from the stars;
  Proclaiming with the tempest's breath
  A Cause beyond the reach of death!



TO FRANCE

(May Day, 1919)

  Mother of revolutions, stern and sweet,
  Thou of the red Commune's heroic days;
  Unsheathe thy sword, let thy pent lightning blaze
  Until these new bastiles fall at thy feet.
  Once more thy sons march down the ancient street
  Led by pale men from silent Pere la Chaise;
  Once more La Carmignole--La Marseillaise
  Blend with the war drum's quick and angry beat.

  Ah, France--our--France--must they again endure
  The crown of thorns upon the cross of death?
  Is morning here . . .? Then speak that we may know!
  The sky seems lighter but we are not sure.
  Is morning here . . .? The whole world holds its breath
  To hear the crimson Gallic rooster crow!



VILLANELLE

(Torquato Tasso from his cell at Ste. Anne, 1548)

  Her beauty haunts me everywhere--
    A lone lark singing as it flies--
  Sweet, O sweet beyond compare.

  Amber and gold meet in her hair,
    Dark pools and starlight in her eyes;
  Her beauty haunts me everywhere.

  Slim body, petal soft and fair,
    Cool lips, cool, cool as evening skies--
  Sweet, O sweet beyond compare.

  Pale fingers delicate and rare,
    To lull and lure caressing-wise;
  Her beauty haunts me everywhere.

  Here in my dungeon dim and bare
    The last frail not of music dies--
  Sweet, O sweet beyond compare.

  My heart? I steeled it not to care. . . .
    But God! her love is paradise!
  Her beauty haunts me everywhere,
  O sweet, sweet, sweet beyond compare!



WESLEY EVEREST

(Mutilated and murdered at Centralia, Washington,
November 11th, 1919, by a mob of "respectable"
businessmen.)

  Torn and defiant as a wind-lashed reed,
  Wounded he faced you as he stood at bay;
  You dared not lynch him in the light of day,
  But on your dungeon stones you let him bleed;
  Night came . . . and you black vigilants of Greed . . .
  Like human wolves, seized hard upon your prey,
  Tortured and killed . . . and, silent slunk away
  Without one qualm of horror at the deed.

  Once . . . long ago . . . do you remember how
  You hailed Him king for soldiers to deride--
  You placed a scroll above His bleeding brow
  And spat upon Him, scourged Him, crucified . . .?

  A rebel unto Caesar--then as now
  Alone, thorn-crowned, a spear wound in his side!



THE INDUSTRIAL HERETICS

  They say we are revolters--that we stirred
  The workers of all nations to rebel--
  And that we would not compromise with Hell,
  But damned it with our every deed and word.
  They feared us as we faced them undeterred,
  And gave us each a coffin of a cell
  In this steel cave where living corpses dwell--
  Hate-throttled here that we might not be heard.

  We are those fools too stubborn-willed to bend
  Our necks to Wrong and parley and discuss.
  Today we face the awful test of fire--
  The prison, gallows, cross--but in the end
  Your sons will call your children after us
  And name their dogs from men you now admire!



BLOOD AND WINE

(A certain little renegade of the Revolution chants a
hymn of praise to his erstwhile enemy.)

  Behold! The helots of the land
    Are cowed beneath thy iron fist;
  They are too dumb to understand--
    Too tame and spineless to resist.

  Victorious one! Against thy gains
    These chattels cannot, dare not rise;
  Stifle the thought within their brains
    And rule . . . with bayonets and lies.

  So may thy sons, with greed uncurbed,
    Their children's children rule again;
  Aye, rule with iron, undisturbed,
    The all-prolific sons of men.

  What matters that ten million died
    To give thy lust a dwelling place?
  Does not thy Terror set aside
    The ancient freedom of the race?

  What matters that the peasant's plow
    Bites at a soil baptised with red?
  Are not thy bloody dollars now
    More myriad than the myriad dead?

  That in charred cities, wan with pain,
    War-desolated mothers live,
  While lips of babies tug in vain
    At breasts that have no milk to give?

  Or that beneath thy battered walls,
    Cursed with the eloquence of hell,
  Black Want to red Rebellion calls . . .?
    Heed not, I tell thee all is well!

  Heed not! Have vine-clad maidens sing
    And serve thee scented wine and gore;
  Laugh! Glut thyself to vomiting,
    And hiccough, screaming still for more.

  What of the Men against the gate,
    Black-massed and sullen, gaunt and lean . . .
  Like thee they crave one thing to hate.
    Be glad . . . and whet thy guillotine!



THE RED GUARD

  Sons of the dawn! No more shall you enslave
  Nor lull them with your honied lies to sleep,
  Nor lead them on like herds of human sheep,
  To hopeless slaughter for the loot you crave.
  For now upon you, wave on mighty wave,
  The iron-stern battalions rise and leap
  To extirpate your breed and bury deep
  And sow with salt the unlamented grave!

  Accursed Monster -- nightmare of the years--
  Pause but a moment ere you pass away!
  Pause and behold the earth made clean and pure--
  Our earth, that you have drenched with blood and tears--
  Then greet the crimson usurer of Day,--
  The mighty Proletarian Dictature!



THE RED FEAST

  Go fight, you fools! Tear up the earth with strife
    And spill each others guts upon the field;
  Serve unto death the men you served in life
    So that their wide dominions may not yield.

  Stand by the flag--the lie that still allures;
    Lay down your lives for land you do not own,
  And give unto a war that is not yours
    Your gory tithe of mangled flesh and bone.

  But whether it be yours to fall or kill
    You must not pause to question why nor where.
  You see the tiny crosses on that hill?
    It took all those to make one millionaire.

  It was for him the seas of blood were shed,
    That fields were razed and cities lit the sky;
  And now he comes to chortle o'er the dead--
    The condor Thing for whom the millions die!

  The bugle screams, the cannons cease to roar.
    "Enough! enough! God give us peace again."
  The rats, the maggots and the Lords of War
    Are fat to bursting from their meal of men.

  So stagger back, you stupid dupes who've "won,"
    Back to your stricken towns to toil anew,
  For there your dismal tasks are still undone
    And grim Starvation gropes again for you.

  What matters now your flag, your race, the skill
    Of scattered legions--what has been the gain?
  Once more beneath the lash you must distil
    Your lives to glut a glory wrought of pain.

  In peace they starve you to your loathsome toil,
    In war they drive you to the teeth of Death;
  And when your life-blood soaks into their soil
    They give you lies to choke your dying breath.

  So will they smite your blind eyes till you see,
    And lash your naked backs until you know
  That wasted blood can never set you free
    From fettered thraldom to the Common Foe.

  Then you will find that "nation" is a name
    And boundaries are things that don't exist;
  That Labor's bondage, worldwide, is the same,
    And ONE the enemy it must resist.

Montreal, 1914.



THE GIRLS WHO SANG FOR US

  What does it mean to us that Spring is here?
  We asked ourselves within the great grey hall.
  We shall not feel the magic of her call;
  This day, like others, will be dull and drear.
  And then you sang . . . and brought so very near,
  The fragrant world beyond the prison wall,
  The tender fields, the trees and grass, and all
  The hopes and dreams that every man holds dear.

  O, silvery voices, sweet with life and youth
  Brushing our grey lives with your rainbow wings--
  Lives that were stern and bitter with old wrong,
  And cleansing them with beauty and with truth;
  Reviving memories of vanished springs--
  Making us whole with miracles of song!



TO EDITH

  Do you remember how we walked that night
  In early spring?
  And how we found a new and sweet delight
  In everything?
  Do you remember how the air was filled
  With mist and moonlight--how our hearts were thrilled--
  And seemed to sing?

  What if these walls shut out the world for me
  And heaven too,
  There still lives fragrant in my memory
  The thought of you.
  And out there now with life's high dome above you
  If you but knew how very much I love you--
  If you but knew . . . .



SONG OF SEPARATION

  Two that I love must live alone,
    Far away.
  All in the world I can call my own,
    Only they.
  Mother and boy in the rocking chair,
  Thinking of one who cannot be there,
  Breathing a hope that is half a prayer;
    Night and day, night and day.

  Here in my cell I must sit alone,
    Clothed in grey.
  Bars of iron and walls of stone
    Bid me stay.
  What of the world with its pomp and show?
  Baubles of nothing! This I know:
  Deep in my heart I miss them so
    Night and day, night and day.



TO MY LITTLE SON

  I cannot lose the thought of you
    It haunts me like a little song,
  It blends with all I see or do
    Each day, the whole day long.

  The train, the lights, the engine's throb,
    And that one stinging memory:
  Your brave smile broken with a sob,
    Your face pressed close to me.

  Lips trembling far too much to speak;
    The arms that would not come undone;
  The kiss so salty on your cheek;
    The long, long trip begun.

  I could not miss you more it seemed,
    But now I don't know what to say.
  It's harder than I ever dreamed
    With you so far away.



ESCAPED!

(The boiler house whistle is blown "wildcat" when
a prisoner makes a "getaway")

  A man has fled. . . .! We clutch the bars and wait;
  The corridors are empty, tense and still;
  A silver mist has dimmed the distant hill;
  The guards have gathered at the prison gate.
  Then suddenly the "wildcat" blares its hate
  Like some mad Moloch screaming for the kill,
  Shattering the air with terror loud and shrill,
  The dim, grey walls become articulate.

  Freedom, you say? Behold her altar here!
  In those far cities men can only find
  A vaster prison and a redder hell,
  O'ershadowed by new wings of greater fear.
  Brave fool, for such a world to leave behind
  The iron sanctuary of a cell!



RETROSPECT

  The wall-girt distance undulates with heat;
  The buildings crouch in terror of the sun;
  Steel bars and stones, heat-tortured ton on ton,
  On which the noon's remorseless hammers beat.
  Alone I trudge the wide red-cobbled street:
  How long before this evil dream is done . . .?
  These strange mad stones I know them every one,
  Worn with the tread of oh, how many feet!

  And yet it seems that I have seen it all
  Before . . . I know not when . . . but there should be
  Blunt buildings near a cliff, as I recall;
  Bare rocks--a burning white--a gnarled dark tree . . .
  And looming clear above a sentried wall
  The foam-laced splendor of a warm blue sea . . .