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                         National Park Service
                    U.S. Department of the Interior
                      Pipestone National Monument




                             Junior Ranger
                            Activity Booklet
                              Ages 8 & Up


                         This book belongs to:
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                       The National Park Service




    [Illustration: Ranger hat]

Delaware is the only state that does not have a National Park. It has
over 600 Nationally Registered Historic Places.

The National Park Service is in charge of protecting some of the most
special places in America. These places have been set aside for the
American people (and visitors from all over the world) for their natural
beauty, historic value, and unique resources.

    [Illustration: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE]

There are over 400 parks, memorials, monuments, historic sites,
preserves, battlefields, trails, parkways, river ways, lake shores, and
sea shores in the National Park System! These special places can be
found in 49 states and in territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam,
American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands.

    [Illustration: Minnesota has 5 National Park Sites:]

  Voyager National Park
  Mississippi National River and Recreation Area
  Grand Portage National Monument
  Pipestone National Monument
  North Country National Historic Trail


What state are you from? (Or country, if you are visiting us from far
away!)
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List one National Park Site from your state or country.
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You can collect Junior Ranger badges from many National Park Service
sites!

List other Junior Ranger Badges you have earned in the space below.
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Most National Parks have ink stamps that people collect in their
National Park Passports. These stamps have the name of the place you
visit and the date.

Go to the gift shop in the back of the Visitor Center and place the
Pipestone National Monument stamp in this box:







                                Geology




    [Illustration: Ranger hat]

Pipestone is about as hard as your fingernail.

  If the weather is nice, go out and walk the Circle Trail.
  Visit the Exhibit Quarry—#16 on the Circle Trail.
  Walk to the bottom of the quarry and stop at the rock wall.


Geology is the study of rocks and minerals. Here at Pipestone National
Monument we have three types of rock:

  • Pipestone
    The type of pipestone found here is called Catlinite.
  • Sioux Quartzite
    This is the hard pink-colored rock that makes up the cliffs at the
          Monument and the historic buildings in Pipestone City. This is
          also the rock that the quarriers need to dig through to get to
          the pipestone layer.
  • Granite
    These hard rocks are not from this area but were brought here by
          glaciers. Good examples of granite are the Three Maidens.

    [Illustration: Estimate how tall you think the quartzite layer is.]

  Pipestone: this layer is approximately 1 foot high⇒
  Quartzite: this layer is approximately ___ feet high




                               Quarrying


Quarrying is a difficult process. Pipestone is quarried, or taken from
out of the ground, by first digging through the grass and soil and then
breaking up 10 or more feet of the hard Sioux Quartzite. Then 1 to 1½
feet of pipestone is removed in sheets of about 4 inches thick. The
quarriers will use this stone to carve pipes and other small crafts.
Today only American Indians are allowed to quarry, and then only with a
permit. American Indians from many different tribes come here to quarry
pipestone.

    [Illustration: Pipestone quarry]

    [Illustration: Here are some examples of tools quarriers use.]

  Wheelbarrow
  Crow Bar
  Demolition Bar
  Sledge Hammer
  Work Gloves
  Shovel
  Wedge
  Pry Bar
  Safety Goggles
  Whisk Broom


Imagine you are a quarrier. Start at the bolded box on top and follow
the dotted lines to find out how pipestone is quarried. If you make it
to the bolded box on the bottom you have completed your task.

    [Illustration: Quarry maze]




You arrive at the quarry, because the snow melted your pit is full of
water.




The pump is clogged—go back and try again.




The water is pumped out, your pit is now empty.




You must break apart the top layer of quartzite.




As you were hammering, your wedge broke—go back and try again.




You have successfully broken apart the quartzite layer.




Use the rubble to build a retaining wall.




Pile the quartzite outside of the pit.




Your wall fell in—go back to start.




There was a hole in your bucket—go back and try again.




Your wall held strong.




The pit is clear of quartzite rubble.




You have reached the Pipestone layer.




You find a large piece of stone but you drop it and it breaks—go back
and try again.




You safely remove a large slab of stone.




Now you are ready to carve your stone into a pipe!




                                 Pipes


Ceremonial pipes, which many people mistakenly call “peace pipes,” are
very important for religious use by American Indians. The pipes are used
for many reasons, some of which are: for trading, for ceremonies, when
meeting with friends, and for prayer. To many American Indians, the
smoke from the pipe carry prayers to _Wakan Tanka_, or the Great Spirit.

Enter a letter to match the picture of the pipe bowl with the style of
the pipe.

         {pipe}                    Eagle Effigy Pipe
           A                              ___
         {pipe}                      Plains T Pipe
           B                              ___
         {pipe}                    Bison Effigy Pipe
           C                              ___
         {pipe}                        Elbow Pipe
           D                              ___
         {pipe}                       Micmac Pipe
           E                              ___
         {pipe}                        Disk Pipe
           F                              ___




                                 Pipes







Look at the pipes the demonstrators are making or the pipes in the gift
shop. If you made a pipe what would it look like?

Draw a picture of your pipe in the box.

Tobacco was scarce before the arrival of white settlers so American
Indians smoked Kinnikinnik in their pipes. Kinnikinnik is an Algonquin
word meaning “mixed” and is a combination of common prairie plants. Some
examples of plants used in kinnikinnik that can be found here at
Pipestone National Monument are:

        Check the plants that you see on your Circle Trail walk

    [Illustration: [_] Leadplant]

    [Illustration: [_] Prairie Rose Hips]

    [Illustration: [_] White Sage]

    [Illustration: [_] Smooth Sumac]

    [Illustration: [_] Red Osier Dogwood]




                          Explorers & Traders


While on the Circle Trail, look at Leaping Rock and the carvings left by
Nicollet.

There are other carvings left here by past visitors before this was made
a National Monument. These names scar the rock and are graffiti. Do not
carve on any rocks or trees, as it is illegal in a National Park. Help
protect this area!




    [Illustration: Ranger hat]

The Pipestone is called Catlinite after George Catlin who sent samples
of the stone back to scientists back east.

American Indians were not the only peoples to visit this site. Fur
traders like Philander Prescott were likely the first non-native
visitors to the quarries, but it was George Catlin that let the world
know about this sacred site. He visited here in 1836 and painted the
people and the landscape of this area.

In 1838 the U.S. Government sent an expedition to explore and map this
area. Led by Frenchman Joseph N. Nicollet, they visited the quarries and
the surrounding area and noted the location on their maps. They left
their mark on the quarries by carving their names in the Sioux Quartzite
near Leaping Rock.







Draw a picture of two of your favorite places along the Circle Trail.




                    The _Wild_ side of the Monument


Pipestone National Monument was established to protect the pipestone
quarries, but that’s not all the park protects. Pipestone National
Monument also has Tall Grass Prairie—“_taller than a horse_”. There are
over 300 different species of plants here. The prairie is also home to
the Western Prairie Fringed Orchid, which is a federally listed
threatened species, and the Topeka Shiner, an endangered fish. Fire was
common on the prairie and was caused by lighting or even by American
Indians to help replenish the prairie. Since natural prairie fires don’t
happen here anymore, the park has annual prescribed fires that are
controlled and monitored by wildland firefighters and studied for their
effects on the prairie. But remember, _do not_ start fires! Human-caused
fires are dangerous to property and people. The firefighters pre-plan
burns and only burn the prairie when the wind, humidity, and other
conditions are just right.

  While on the Circle Trail, look at the prairie, creek and all of the
  different living things in the park.




    [Illustration: Ranger hat]

You may see colorful pieces of cloth hanging on trees or on the ground.
These are tobacco ties left as prayers. Please do not touch them!







Draw and label 2 plants and 2 animals you see in the park. (They can be
inside or outside.)




                        Putting it all together


This is a journal where you can write down your thoughts, experiences,
or what you learned here at the Monument.

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                         National Park Service
                    U.S. Department of the Interior

    [Illustration: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE]




                        Explore, Learn, Protect
                          Be a Junior Ranger!


    [Illustration: JUNIOR RANGER: EXPLORE·LEARN·PROTECT]

The Junior Ranger program is designed so youth can make meaningful
connections to the resources and special places protected by the
National Park Service. We hope that you and your family enjoyed the
program and learned a little about Pipestone National Monument, and of
course had fun during your visit. We appreciate any suggestions and
comments you have on how we can improve the Junior Ranger program.

There are over 400 National Park sites, and many of them have Junior
Ranger programs. Be sure to ask about the Junior Ranger programs at
other parks. You can also be a WebRanger at www.nps.gov/webrangers.


_If you were unable to finish the booklet during your stay, please send
us your completed booklet and address to:_

  Pipestone National Monument
  Attn: Interpretive Department
  36 Reservation Avenue
  Pipestone, MN 56164-1269

Our Rangers will check your book and mail you your Junior Ranger Booklet
and Badge.




       This Junior Ranger booklet was researched and designed by
            Pipestone National Monument interpretive staff.

                    July 2007 edition; revised 2017.

    [Illustration: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE]

                       EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA^TM




                          Transcriber’s Notes


—Silently corrected a few typos.

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
  is public-domain in the country of publication.

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
  _underscores_.

—Changed some input instructions to better fit radiobutton or checkbox
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