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THE VILLAGE




THIS AUTHORISED TRANSLATION HAS BEEN MADE FROM THE ORIGINAL RUSSIAN
TEXT BY ISABEL HAPGOOD




  THE VILLAGE

  _By Ivan Bunin_

  LONDON: MARTIN SECKER
  NUMBER FIVE JOHN STREET ADELPHI




LONDON: MARTIN SECKER (LTD.) 1923




CONTENTS


  PART ONE         15

  PART TWO        131

  PART THREE      203




AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOTE


DEAR PUBLISHER:--

You have asked me to furnish you with data concerning my life and
literary activities. Permit me to repeat what I have already told my
French publishers in answer to a similar request.

I am a descendant of an ancient noble family which has given to
Russia a considerable number of prominent names, both in the field of
statesmanship and in the realm of art. In the latter, two poets are
especially well-known, Anna Petrovna Bunina and Vasili Zhookovski, one
of the shining lights of Russian Literature, the son of Afanasi Bunin
and a Turkish captive, Salma.

All my ancestors had always been connected with the people and with the
land; they were landed proprietors. My parents were also land-owners,
who possessed estates in Central Asia, in the fertile fringe of the
steppes, where the ancient Tsars of Moscow had created settlements of
colonists from various Russian territories, to serve as protectors of
their Kingdom against the incursions of the Southern Tartars. Thanks to
this, it was here that the richest Russian language developed, and from
here have come nearly all the greatest Russian writers, with Turgenev
and Tolstoy at their head.

I was born in 1870, in the town of Voronezh, and passed my childhood
and youth almost entirely in the country, on my father’s estates. As a
boy, I was deeply affected by the death of my little sister, and passed
through a violent religious crisis, which left, however, no morbid
traces whatsoever in my soul.

I also had a passion for painting, which, I believe, has manifested
itself in my literary works. I began to write both verse and prose
rather early in my life. My first appearance in print was likewise at
an early date.

When publishing my books, I nearly always made them up of prose and
verse, both original and translated from the English. If classified
according to their literary varieties, these books would constitute
some four volumes of original poems, approximately two of translations,
and six volumes or so of prose.

The attention of the critics was very quickly attracted to me. Later
on my books were more than once granted the highest award within the
gift of the Russian Academy of Sciences--the prize bearing Pushkin’s
name. In 1909 that Academy elected me one of the twelve Honorary
Academicians, who correspond to the French Immortals, and of whom Lyof
Tolstoy was one at that time.

For a long time, however, I did not enjoy any wide popularity, owing to
many reasons: for years, after my first stories had appeared in print,
I wrote and published almost nothing but verse; I took no part in
politics and, in my works, never touched upon questions connected with
politics; I belonged to no particular literary school, called myself
neither decadent, nor symbolist, nor romantic, nor naturalist, donned
no mask of any kind, and hung out no flamboyant flag. Yet, during
these last stormy decades in Russia, the fate of a Russian writer
has frequently depended upon such questions as: Is he an opponent of
the existing form of Government? Has he come from “the people”? Has
he been in prison, in exile? Or, does he take part in the literary
hubbub, in the “literary revolution,” which--merely in imitation of
Western Europe--went on during those years in Russia, together with
a rapid development of public life in the towns, of new critics and
readers from among the young bourgeoisie and the youthful proletariat,
who were as ignorant in the understanding of art as they were avid of
imaginary novelties and all kinds of sensations. Besides, I mixed very
little in literary society. I lived a great deal in the country, and
traveled extensively both in Russia and abroad: in Italy, in Sicily, in
Turkey, in the Balkans, in Greece, in Syria, in Palestine, in Egypt, in
Algeria, in Tunisia, in the tropics. I strove “to view the face of the
earth and leave thereon the impress of my soul,” to quote Saadi, and I
have been interested in philosophic, religious, ethical and historical
problems.

Twelve years ago I published my novel “The Village.” This was the first
of a whole series of works which depicted the Russian character without
adornment, the Russian soul, its peculiar complexity, its depths,
both bright and dark, though almost invariably tragic. On the part of
the Russian critics and among the Russian intellectuals, where “the
people” had nearly always been idealized, owing to numerous Russian
conditions _sui generis_, and, of late, merely because of the ignorance
of the people, or for political reasons,--these “merciless” works of
mine called forth passionate controversies and, as a final result,
brought me what is called success, success strengthened still further
by my subsequent works.

During those years I felt my hand growing firmer every hour; I felt
that the powers which had accumulated and matured in me, passionately
and boldly, demanded an outlet. Just then the World War broke out and
afterwards the Russian Revolution came. I was not among those who were
taken unawares by these events, for whom their extent and beastliness
were a complete surprise; yet the reality has surpassed all my
expectations.

What the Russian Revolution turned into very soon, none will comprehend
who has not seen it. This spectacle was utterably unbearable to any
one who had not ceased to be a man in the image and likeness of God,
and all who had a chance to flee, fled from Russia. Flight was sought
by the vast majority of the most prominent Russian writers, primarily,
because in Russia there awaited them either senseless death at the
hands of the first chance miscreant, drunk with licentiousness and
impunity, with rapine, with wine, with blood, with cocaine; or an
ignominious existence as a slave in the darkness, teeming with lice,
in rags, amid epidemic diseases, exposed to cold, to hunger, to the
primitive torments of the stomach, and absorbed in that single,
degrading concern, under the eternal threat of being thrown out of
his mendicant’s den into the street, of being sent to the barracks
to clean up the soldiers’ filth, of being--without any reason
whatever,--arrested, beaten, abused, of seeing one’s own mother, sister
or wife violated--and yet having to preserve utter silence, for in
Russia they cut out tongues for the slightest word of freedom.

I left Moscow in May, 1918, lived in the South of Russia (which passed
back and forth from the hands of the “Whites” into those of the “Reds”)
and then emigrated in February, 1919, after having drained to the dregs
the cup of unspeakable suffering and vain hopes. For too long I had
believed that the eyes of the Christian world would be opened, that it
would be horrified at its own heartlessness, and would extend to us a
helping hand in the name of God, of humanity and of its own safety.

Some critics have called me cruel and gloomy. I do not think that
this definition is fair and accurate. But of course, I have derived
much honey and still more bitterness from my wanderings throughout
the world, and my observations of human life. I had felt a vague fear
for the fate of Russia, when I was depicting her. Is it my fault that
reality, the reality in which Russia has been living for more than
five years now, has justified my apprehensions beyond all measure;
that those pictures of mine which had once upon a time appeared black,
and wide of the truth, even in the eyes of Russian people, have become
_prophetic_, as some call them now? “Woe unto thee, Babylon!”--those
terrible words of the Apocalypse kept persistently ringing in my soul
when I wrote “The Brothers” and conceived “The Gentleman from San
Francisco,” only a few months before the War, when I had a presentiment
of all its horror, and of the abysses which have since been laid bare
in our present-day civilization. Is it my fault, that here again my
presentiments have not deceived me?

However, does it mean that my soul is filled only with darkness and
despair? Not at all. “As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so
panteth my soul after thee, O God!”

                                                             IVAN BUNIN.




PART ONE




I


The great-grandfather of the Krasoffs, known by the manor-house
servants under the nickname of “The Gipsy,” was hunted with wolf-hounds
by Cavalry Captain Durnovo. The Gipsy had lured his lord-and-master’s
mistress away from him. Durnovo gave orders that The Gipsy should be
taken out into the fields and placed on a hillock. Then he himself went
out there with a pack of hounds and shouted “Tallyho! Go for him!” The
Gipsy, who was sitting there in a state of stupor, started to run. But
there is no use in running away from wolf-hounds.

The grandfather of the Krasoffs, for some reason or other, was given a
letter of enfranchisement. He went off with his family to the town--and
soon distinguished himself by becoming a famous thief. He hired a tiny
hovel in the Black Suburb for his wife and set her to weaving lace for
sale, while he, in company with a petty burgher named Byelokopytoff,
roamed about the province robbing churches. At the end of a couple of
years he was caught. But at his trial he bore himself in such fashion
that his replies to the judges were current for a long time thereafter.
He stood before them, it appears, in a velveteen kaftan, with a silver
watch and goat-hide boots, making insolent play with his cheek-bones
and his eyes and, in the most respectful manner, confessing every one
of his innumerable crimes, even the most insignificant: “Yes, sir. Just
so, sir.”

The father of the Krasoffs was a petty huckster. He roved about the
county, lived for a time in Durnovka, set up a pot-house and a little
shop, failed, took to drink, returned to the town, and soon died. After
serving for a while in shops his sons, Tikhon and Kuzma, who were
almost of an age, also took to peddling. They drove about in a peasant
cart which had a carved front and a roofed, shop-like arrangement in
the middle, and shouted in doleful tones: “Wo-omen, here’s merchandise!
Wo-omen, here’s merchandise!”

The merchandise consisted of small mirrors, cheap soap, rings, thread,
kerchiefs, needles, cracknels--these in the covered shop. The open-body
cart contained everything they gathered in: dead cats, eggs, heavy
linen, crash, rags. But one day, after having thus travelled about
for the space of several years, the brothers came near cutting each
other’s throats--in a dispute over the division of the profits, rumour
averred--and separated to avoid a catastrophe. Kuzma hired himself to a
drover. Tikhon took over a small posting-house on the metalled highway
of Vorgol, five versts[1] from Durnovka, and opened a dram-shop and a
tiny “popular” shop.--“I deal in small wears tea shugar tubako sigars
and so furth.”




II


By the time Tikhon Hitch was about forty years of age his beard
resembled silver with patterns of black enamel. But he was handsome
and tall, with a fine figure, as before. He was austere and swarthy of
face, slightly pock-marked, with broad, lean shoulders; authoritative
and abrupt of speech, quick and supple in his movements. Only--his
eyebrows had begun to come closer together and his eyes to flash more
frequently and more sharply than before. Business demanded it!

Indefatigably he followed up the rural police on those dull autumnal
days when taxes are collected and forced sale follows forced sale.
Unweariedly he bought standing grain on the stalk from the landed
proprietors and took land from them and from the peasants, in small
parcels, not scorning even half a meadow. He lived for a long time
with his dumb cook--“A dumb woman can’t betray anything with her
chatter!”--and had by her one child, whom she overlay and crushed
in her sleep, after which he married an elderly waiting-maid of old
Princess Schakhovoy. And on marrying and receiving the dowry he
“finished off” the last scion of the impoverished Durnovo family, a
fat, affable young nobleman, bald at twenty-five, but possessed of a
magnificent chestnut beard. And the peasants fairly grunted with pride
when Tikhon took possession of the Durnovo estate--for almost the
whole of Durnovka consisted of Krasoffs!

They _sh_-ed and _oh_-ed, also, over the way in which he had cunningly
contrived not to ruin himself. He bargained and bought, went to the
estate almost every day, kept watch with the eye of a vulture over
every hand’s breadth of the land. They uttered admiring exclamations
and said: “Yes, there’s nothing to be done with us devils by kindness,
you know! There’s a master for you! You couldn’t have one more just!”

And Tikhon Ilitch dealt with them in the same spirit. When he was in
an amiable mood he read them their lesson thus: “It’s all right to
live--but not to squander. I shall pluck you if I get the chance!
I shall bring you back. But I shall be just. I’m a Russian man,
brother.” When in an evil mood, he would say curtly, with eyes blazing:
“Pigs! There is not a juster man in the world than I am!” “Pigs, all
right--but that’s not me,” the peasant would think, averting his eyes
from that gaze. And he would mumble submissively: “Oh, Lord, don’t we
know it?” “Yes, you know it, but you have forgotten. I don’t want your
property gratis, but bear this in mind: I won’t give you a scrap of
what’s mine! There’s that brother of mine: he’s a rascal, a toper, but
I would help him if he came and implored me. I call God as my witness
that I would help him! But coddle him--! No, take note of that: I do no
coddling. I’m no brainless Little Russian, brother!”

And Nastasya Petrovna, who walked like a duck, with her toes turned
inward, and waddled, thanks to her incessant pregnancies which
always ended up with dead girl-babies--Nastasya Petrovna, a yellow,
puffy woman with scanty whitish-blond hair, would groan and back
him up: “Okh, you are a simpleton, in my opinion! Why do you bother
with him, with that stupid man? Is he a fit associate for you? You
just knock some sense into him; ’twill do him no harm. Look at
the way he’s straddling with his legs--as if he were a bokhar of
emir!”[2] She was “terribly fond” of pigs and fowls, and Tikhon
Ilitch began to fatten sucking pigs, turkey chicks, hens, and geese.
But his ruling passion was amassing grain. In autumn, alongside his
house, which stood with one side turned toward the highway and the
other toward the posting-station, the creaking of wheels arose in a
groan; the wagon trains turned in from above and below. And in the
farmyard horse-traders, peddlers, chicken-vendors, cracknel peddlers,
scythe-vendors, and pilgrims passed the night. Every moment a pulley
was squeaking--now on the door of the dram-shop, where Nastasya
Petrovna bustled about; now on the approach to the shop, a dark, dirty
place, reeking of soap, herrings, rank tobacco, gingerbread flavoured
with peppermint, horse-collars, and kerosene. And incessantly there
rang out in the dram-shop:

“U-ukh! Your vodka is strong, Petrovna! It has knocked me in the head,
devil take it!”

“’Twill make your mouth water, my dear man!”

“Is there snuff in your vodka?”

“Well, now, you fool yourself!”

In the shop the crowd was even more dense.

“Ilitch, weigh me out a pound of ham.”

“This year, brother, I’m so well stocked with ham--so well stocked,
thank God!”

“What’s the price?”

“’Tis cheap!”

“Hey, proprietor, have you good tar?”

“Better tar than your grandfather had at his wedding, my good man!”[3]

“What’s the price?”

And it seemed as if, at the Krasoffs’, there were never any other
conversation than that about the prices of things: What’s the price of
ham, what’s the price of boards, what’s the price of groats, what’s the
price of tar?




III


The abandonment of his hope of having children and the closing of the
dram-shops by the government were great events. Tikhon visibly aged
when there no longer remained any doubt that he was not to become a
father. At first he jested about it: “No sir, I’ll get my way. Without
children a man is not a man. He’s only so-so--a sort of spot missed in
the sowing.” But later on he was assailed by terror. What did it mean?
one overlay her child, the other bore only dead children.

And the period of Nastasya Petrovna’s last pregnancy had been a
difficult time. Tikhon Ilitch suffered and raged: Nastasya Petrovna
prayed in secret, wept in secret, and was a pitiful sight when, of a
night by the light of the shrine-lamp, she slipped out of bed, assuming
that her husband was asleep, and began with difficulty to kneel down,
touch her brow to the floor as she whispered her prayers, gaze with
anguish at the holy pictures, and rise from her knees painfully, like
an old woman. Hitherto, before going to bed, she had donned slippers
and dressing-gown, said her prayers indifferently, and, as she prayed,
taken pleasure in running over the list of her acquaintances and
abusing them. Now there stood before the holy picture a simple peasant
woman in a short cotton petticoat, white woolen stockings, and a
chemise which did not cover her neck and arms, fat like those of an old
person.

Tikhon Ilitch had never, from his childhood, liked shrine-lamps,
although he had never been willing to confess it, even to himself;
nor did he like their uncertain churchly light. All his life there
had remained impressed upon his mind that November night when, in the
tiny lop-sided hut in the Black Suburb, a shrine-lamp had also burned,
peaceful and sweetly-sad, the shadows of its chains barely moving,
while everything around was deathly silent; and on the bench below the
holy pictures his father lay motionless with eyes closed, his sharp
nose raised, his big purplish-waxen hands crossed on his breast; while
by his side, just beyond the tiny window curtained with its red rag,
the conscripts marched past with wildly mournful songs and shouts,
their accordions squealing discordantly.--Now the shrine-lamp burned
uninterruptedly, and Tikhon Ilitch felt as if Nastasya Petrovna were
carrying on some sort of secret affair with uncanny powers.

A number of book-hawkers from the Vladimir government halted by the
posting-house to bait their horses--with the result that there made
its appearance in the house a “New Complete Oracle and Magician,
which foretells the future in answer to questions; with Supplement
setting forth the easiest methods of telling fortunes by cards, beans,
and coffee.” And of an evening Nastasya Petrovna would put on her
spectacles, mould a little ball of wax, and set to rolling it over the
circles of the “Oracle.” And Tikhon Ilitch would look on, with sidelong
glances. But all the answers turned out to be either insulting,
menacing, or senseless.

“Does my husband love me?” Nastasya Petrovna would inquire.

And the “Oracle” replied: “He loves you as a dog loves a stick.”

“How many children shall I have?”

“You are fated to die: the field must be cleared of weeds.”

Then Tikhon Ilitch would say: “Give it here. I’11 have a try.” And
he would propound the question: “Ought I to start a law-suit with a
person whose name I won’t mention?”

But he, likewise, got nonsense for an answer: “Count the teeth in your
mouth.”

One day Tikhon Ilitch, when he glanced into the kitchen, saw his wife
beside the cradle in which lay the cook’s baby. A speckled chicken
which was wandering along the window ledge, pecking and catching flies,
tapped the glass with its beak; but she sat there on the sleeping-board
and, while she rocked the cradle, sang in a pitiful quaver:

  “Where lieth my little child?
  Where is his tiny bed?
  He is in the lofty chamber,
  In the painted cradle gay.

  Let no one come there to us,
  Or knock at the chamber door!
  He hath fallen asleep, he resteth
  Beneath the canopy dark,
  Covered with flowered silk....”

And Tikhon Ilitch’s face underwent such a change at that moment that
Nastasya Petrovna, as she glanced at him, experienced no confusion,
felt no fear, but only fell a-weeping and, brushing away her tears,
said softly: “Take me away, for Christ’s dear sake, to the Holy Man.”

And Tikhon Ilitch took her to Zadonsk. But as he went he was thinking
in his heart that God would certainly chastise him because, in the
bustle and cares of life, he went to church only for the service on
Easter Day, and otherwise lived as if he were a Tatar. Sacrilegious
thoughts also wormed their way into his head. He kept comparing
himself to the parents of the Saints, who likewise had long remained
childless. This was not clever--but he had long since come to perceive
that there dwelt within him some one who was more stupid than himself.
Before his departure he had received a letter from Mount Athos: “Most
God-loving Benefactor, Tikhon Ilitch! Peace be unto you, and salvation,
the blessing of the Lord and the honourable Protection of the All-Sung
Mother of God, from her earthly portion, the holy Mount Athos! I
have had the happiness of hearing about your good works, and that
with love you apportion your mite for the building and adornment of
God’s temples and monastic cells. With the years my hovel has reached
such a dilapidated condition....” And Tikhon Ilitch sent a ten-ruble
banknote to be used for repairing the hovel. The time was long past
when he had believed, with ingenuous pride, that rumours concerning
him had actually reached as far as Mount Athos, and he knew well
enough that far too many hovels on Mount Athos had become dilapidated.
Nevertheless, he sent the money.

But even that proved of no avail.

The government monopoly of the liquor trade acted as salt on a raw
wound. When the hope of children failed him utterly, the thought
occurred ever more frequently to Tikhon Ilitch: “What’s the object
of all this convict hard labour, anyway? devil take it!” And his
hands began to tremble with rage, his brows to contract and arch
themselves, his upper lip to quiver--especially when he uttered
the phrase which was incessantly in his mouth: “Bear in mind--!” He
continued, as before, to affect youthfulness--wore dandyfied soft boots
and an embroidered shirt fastened at one side, Russian style, under
a double-breasted short coat. But his beard grew ever whiter, more
sparse, more tangled.

And that summer, as if with malicious intent, turned out to be hot and
dry. The rye was absolutely ruined. It became a pleasure to whine to
the buyers. “I’m closing down my business--shutting up shop!” Tikhon
Ilitch said with satisfaction, referring to his liquor trade. He
enunciated every word clearly. “The Minister has a fancy for going into
trade on his own account, to be sure!”

“Okh, just look at you!” groaned Nastasya Petrovna. “You’re calling
down bad luck. You’ll be chased off to a place so far that even the
crows don’t drag their bones there!”

“Don’t you worry, ma’am,” Tikhon Ilitch interrupted her brusquely,
with a frown. “No, ma’am! You can’t gag every mouth with a kerchief!”
And again, enunciating even more sharply, he addressed the customer:
“And the rye, sir, is a joy to behold! Bear that in mind--a joy to
everybody! By night, sir, if you’ll believe it--by night, sir, even
then it can be seen. You step out on the threshold and gaze at the
fields by the light of the moon: it’s as sparse as the hair on a bald
head. You go out and stare: the fields are shining-naked!”




IV


During the Fast of St. Peter Tikhon Ilitch spent four days in the town
at the Fair and got still more out of tune, thanks to his worries,
the heat, and sleepless nights. Ordinarily he set out for the Fair
with great gusto. At twilight the carts were greased and heaped with
hay. Behind one, that in which the manager of his farm rode, were
hitched the horses or cows destined for sale; in the other, in which
the master himself was to ride, were placed cushions and a peasant
overcoat. Making a late start, they journeyed squeaking all night long
until daybreak. First of all they indulged in friendly discussion and
smoking. The men told each other frightful old tales of merchants
murdered on the road and at halting places for the night. Then Tikhon
Ilitch disposed himself for sleep; and it was extremely pleasant to
hear through his dreams the voices of those whom they met, to feel the
vigorous swaying of the cart, as if it were constantly descending a
hill, and his cheeks slipping deep into a pillow while his cap fell
off and the night chill cooled his head. It was agreeable, too, to
wake up before sunrise in the rosy, dewy morning, in the midst of
the dull-green grain, and to see, far away in the blue lowlands, the
town shining as a cheerful white spot, and the gleam of its churches;
to yawn mightily, cross himself at the faint sound of the bells, and
take the reins from the hands of the half-slumbering old man, who sat
relaxed like a child in the morning chill and was as white as chalk in
the light of the dawn.

But on this occasion Tikhon Ilitch sent off the carts with his head
man and drove himself in a runabout. The night was warm and bright;
there was a rosy tone in the moonlight. He drove fast, but became
extremely weary. The lights on the Fair buildings, the jail and the
hospital, were visible from the steppe at a distance of ten versts as
one approached the town, and it seemed as if one would never reach
them--those distant, sleepy lights. And at the posting-house on the
Ststchepnoy Square it was so hot, and the fleas bit so viciously, and
voices rang out so frequently at the entrance-gate, and the carts
rattled so as they drove into the stone-paved courtyard, and the cocks
began to screech and the pigeons to start their rumbling coo so early,
and the sky to grow white beyond the open windows, that he never closed
an eye. He slept little the second night, too, which he tried to pass
at the Fair in his cart. The horses neighed, lights blazed in the
stalls, people walked and talked all around him; and at dawn, when his
eyelids were fairly sticking together with sleep, the bells on the jail
and the hospital began to ring. And right over his head the horrible
bellow of a cow boomed out. “Might as well be a criminal condemned to
hard labour in prison!” was a thought which recurred incessantly during
those days and nights. “Struggling--getting all snarled up--and going
to destruction over trifles, absurdities!”

The Fair, scattered over the town pasture land for a whole verst, was,
as usual, noisy and muddled. Brooms, scythes, wooden tubs with handles,
shovels, wheels lay about in heaps. A dull, discordant roar hung over
it all--the neighing of horses, the shrilling of children’s whistles,
the polkas and marches thundered out by the orchestrions of the
merry-go-rounds. An idle, chattering throng of peasant men and women
surged about in waves from morning till night on the dusty, dung-strewn
alleyways among the carts and stalls, the horses and the cows, the
amusement sheds and the eating booths, whence were wafted fetid odours
of frying grease. As always, there was a huge throng of horse-dealers,
who injected a terrible irritability into all discussion and barter.
Blind men and paupers, beggars, cripples on crutches and in carts,
filed past in endless bands, chanting their snuffling ballads. The
troika team of the rural police chief moved slowly through the crowd,
its bells jingling, restrained by a coachman in a sleeveless velveteen
coat and a hat adorned with peacock feathers.

Tikhon Ilitch had many customers. But nothing beyond empty chaffer
resulted. Gipsies came, blue-black of face; Jews from the south-west,
grey of countenance, red-haired, covered with dust, in long, wide
coats of canvas and boots down at the heel; sun-browned members of
the gentry class of small estates, in sleeveless peasant over-jackets
and caps; the commissary of rural police and the village policeman;
the wealthy merchant Safonoff, an old man wearing a sort of overcoat
affected by the lower classes, fat, clean-shaven, and smoking a cigar.
The handsome hussar officer, Prince Bakhtin, came also, accompanied
by his wife in an English walking suit, and Khvostoff, the decrepit
hero of the Sevastopol campaign, tall, bony, with large features and
a dark, wrinkled face, wearing a long uniform coat, sagging trousers,
broad-toed boots, and a big uniform cap with a yellow band beneath
which his dyed locks, of a dead dark-brown shade, were combed forward
on his temples.

All these people gave themselves the air of being expert judges, talked
fluently about colours, paces, discoursed about the horses they owned.
The petty landed gentry lied and boasted. Bakhtin did not condescend
to speak to Tikhon Ilitch, although the latter rose respectfully at
his approach and said: “’Tis a suitable horse for Your Illustrious
Highness, sir.” Bakhtin merely fell back a pace as he inspected
the horse, smiled gravely into his moustache, which he wore with
side-supplements, and exchanged brief suggestions with his wife as he
wriggled his leg in his cherry-coloured cavalry breeches.

But Khvostoff, shuffling up to the horse and casting a sidelong fiery
glance at it, came to a halt in such a posture that it seemed as if he
were on the point of falling down, elevated his crutch, and for the
tenth time demanded in a dull, absolutely expressionless voice: “How
much do you ask for him?”

And Tikhon Ilitch was obliged to answer them all. Out of sheer boredom
he bought a little book entitled “Oï, Schmul and Rivke: Collection
of fashionable farces, puns, and stories, from the wanderings of
our worthy Hebrews”--and, as he sat in his cart, he dipped into it
frequently. But no sooner did he begin to read: “Iveryboady knows,
zhentelmen, zat vee, ze Zhews, iss ferightfully foand of beezness,”
than some one hailed him. And Tikhon Ilitch raised his eyes and
answered, although with an effort and with clenched jaws.

He grew extremely thin, sunburned, yet pallid, flew into bad tempers,
and was conscious of being bored to death and of feeling weak all over.
He got his stomach so badly out of order that he had cramps. He was
compelled to resort to the hospital; and there he waited two hours for
his turn, seated in a resounding corridor, inhaling the repulsive odour
of carbolic acid and feeling as if he were not Tikhon Ilitch and a
person of consequence, but rather as if he were waiting humbly in the
ante-room of his master or of some official. And when the doctor--who
resembled a deacon, a red-faced, bright-eyed man in a bob-tailed coat,
redolent of soap, with a sniff--applied his cold ear to his chest, he
made haste to say that his belly-ache was almost gone, and did not
refuse a dose of castor oil simply because he was too timid to do so.
When he returned to the Fair ground he gulped down a glass of vodka
flavoured with pepper and salt, and began once more to eat sausage,
sour black rye bread made of second-rate flour, and to drink tea, raw
vodka, and sour cabbage soup--and he was still unable to quench his
thirst. His acquaintances advised him to refresh himself with beer, and
he went for some. The lame kvas-dealer shouted: “Here’s your fine kvas,
the sort that makes your nose sting! A kopek a glass--prime lemonade!”
And Tikhon Ilitch bade the kvas-peddler halt. “He-ere’s your ices!”
chanted in a tenor voice a bald, perspiring vendor, a paunch-bellied
old man in a red shirt. And Tikhon Ilitch ate, with the little bone
spoon, ices which were hardly more than snow, and which made his head
ache cruelly.

Dusty, ground to powder by feet, wheels, and hoofs, littered and
covered with dung, the pasture was already being deserted--the Fair
was dispersing. But Tikhon Ilitch, as if with deliberate intent to
spite some one or other, persisted in keeping his unsold horses there
in the heat, and sat on and on in his cart. It seemed as if he were
overwhelmed not so much by illness as by the spectacle of the great
poverty, the vast wretchedness which, from time immemorial, had
reigned over this town and its whole county. Lord God, what a country!
Black-loam soil over three feet deep! But--what of that? Never did five
years pass without a famine. The town was famous throughout all Russia
as a grain mart--but not more than a hundred persons in the whole town
ate their fill of the grain. And the Fair? Beggars, idiots, blind men,
cripples--a whole regiment of them--and such monstrosities as it made
one frightened and sick at the stomach to behold!




V


On a hot, sunny morning Tikhon Ilitch started homeward through the big
Old Town. First he drove through the town and the bazaar, past the
cathedral, across the shallow little river, which reeked with the
sourly fetid odour of the tanyards, and beyond the river, up the hill,
through the Black Suburb. In the bazaar he and his brother had once
worked in Matorin’s shop. Now every one in the bazaar bowed low before
him. In the Black Suburb his childhood had been passed. There, halfway
up the hill, among the mud huts embedded in the ground, with their
black and decaying roofs, in the midst of dung which lay drying in the
sun for use as fuel, amid litter, ashes, and rags, it had been his
great delight to race, with shrill shouting and whistling, after the
poverty-stricken teacher of the county school--a malicious, depraved
old man, long since expelled from his post, who wore felt boots summer
and winter, under-drawers, and a short overcoat with a beaver collar
which was peeling off. He had been known to the town by the peculiar
nickname of “the Dog’s Pistol.”

Not a trace was now left of that mud hut in which Tikhon Ilitch had
been born and had grown up. On its site stood a small new house of
planking, with a rusty sign over the entrance: “Ecclesiastical Tailor
Soboleff.” Everything else in the Suburb was precisely as it had
always been--pigs and hens in the narrow alleys; tall poles at the
gateways, and on each pole a ram’s horn; the big pallid faces of the
lace-makers peering forth from behind the pots of flowers in the tiny
windows; bare-legged little urchins with one suspender over a shoulder,
launching a paper snake with a tail of bast fibre; quiet flaxen-haired
little girls engaged in their favourite play, burying a doll, beside
the mound of earth encircling the house.

On the plain at the crest of the hill, he crossed himself before the
cemetery, behind the fence of which, among the trees, was the grave
which had once been such a source of terror to him--that of the rich
miser Zykoff, which had caved in at the very moment when they were
filling it. And, after a moment’s reflection, he turned the horse in at
the gate of the cemetery.

By the side of that large white gate had been wont to sit
uninterruptedly, jingling a little bell to which were attached a handle
and a small bag, a squint-eyed monk garbed in a black cassock and boots
red with age--an extremely powerful, shaggy, and fierce fellow, to
judge by appearances; a drunkard, with a remarkable command of abusive
language. No monk was there now. In his place sat an old woman, busy
knitting a stocking. She looked like the ancient crone of a fairy tale,
with spectacles, a beak, and sunken lips. She was one of the widows who
lived in the asylum by the cemetery.

“’Morning, my good woman!” Tikhon Ilitch called out pleasantly, as
he hitched his horse to a post near the gate. “Can you look after my
horse?”

The old woman rose to her feet, made a deep reverence, and mumbled:
“Yes, batiushka.”[4]

Tikhon Ilitch removed his cap, crossed himself once more, rolling his
eyes upward as he did so before the holy picture of the Assumption of
the Mother of God over the gateway, and added: “Are there many of you
nowadays?”

“Twelve old women in all, batiushka.”

“Well, and do you squabble often?”

“Yes, often, batiushka.”

Tikhon Ilitch walked at a leisurely pace among the trees and the
crosses along the alley leading to the ancient wooden church, once
painted in ochre. During the Fair he had had his hair cut close and
his beard trimmed and shortened, and he was looking much younger.
His leanness and sunburn also contributed to the youthfulness of his
appearance. The delicate skin shone white on the recently clipped
triangles on his temples. The memories of his childhood and youth
made him younger; so did his new peaked canvas cap. His face was
thoughtful. He glanced from side to side. How brief, how devoid of
meaning, was life! And what peace, what repose, was round about, in
that sunny stillness within the enclosure of the ancient churchyard! A
hot breeze drifted across the crests of the bright trees which pierced
the cloudless sky, their foliage made scanty before its season by the
torrid heat, their light, transparent shadows cast in waves athwart the
stones and monuments. And when it died away the sun once more heated
up the flowers and the grass; birds warbled sweetly in the languor;
sumptuously-hued butterflies sank motionless upon the hot paths. On one
cross Tikhon Ilitch read:

  “What terrible quit-rents
  Doth Death collect from men!”

But there was nothing awful about the spot. He strolled on, even
noticing with considerable satisfaction that the cemetery was growing;
that many new and excellent mausoleums had made their appearance among
those ancient stones in the shapes of coffins on legs, heavy cast-iron
plates, and huge rough crosses, already in process of decay, which
now filled it. “Died in the year 1819, on November 7, at five o’clock
in the morning”--it was painful to read such inscriptions: death was
repulsive at dawn of a stormy autumnal day, in that old county town!
But alongside it a marble angel gleamed white through the trees, as
he stood there with eyes fixed upon the blue sky; and beneath it, on
the mirror-smooth black granite, were cut in gold letters the words:
“Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.” On the iron monument of
some Collegiate Assessor, tinted in rainbow hues by foul weather and
the hand of time, one could decipher the verses:

  “His Tsar he honourably served,
  His neighbour cordially loved,
  And was revered of men.”

And these verses struck Tikhon Ilitch as hypocritical. But in this
place even a lie was touching. For--where is truth? Yonder in the
bushes lies a human jawbone, neglected, looking as if it were made of
dirty wax--all that remains of a man. But is it all? Flowers, ribbons,
crosses, coffins, and bones in the earth decay--all is death and
corruption. But Tikhon Ilitch walked on further and read: “Thus it is
in the resurrection of the dead; it is sown in corruption, it is raised
in incorruption.”--“Our darling son, thy memory will never die in our
hearts to all eternity!”

His brow furrowed even more severely; he removed his cap and made the
sign of the cross. He was pale, and still weak from his illness. He
recalled his childhood--his youth--Kuzma. He walked to the far corner
of the cemetery where all his relatives were buried--father, mother,
the sister who had died when a little girl. The inscriptions spoke
touchingly and peacefully of rest, repose; of tenderness towards
fathers, mothers, husbands and wives; of a love which, apparently,
does not exist and never will exist on this earth; of that devotion
to one another and submission to God, that fervent faith in a future
life, that meeting once more in another and blessed land, in which one
believes only here; and of that equality which death alone confers--of
those moments when folk bestow the last kiss upon the lips of the dead
beggar as on a brother’s, compare him with kings and prelates, say over
him the loftiest and most solemn words.

And there in a distant corner of the enclosure, among bushes of elder
which dozed in the parching heat--there where formerly had been graves,
but now were only mounds and hollows, overgrown with grass and white
flowers--Tikhon Ilitch saw a fresh little grave, the grave of a child,
and on the cross a couplet:

  “Softly, leaves: do not rustle,
  Do not wake my Kostya dear.”

And as he recalled his own child, crushed in its sleep by the dumb
cook, he began to blink back the welling tears.




VI


No one ever drove on the highway which ran past the cemetery and
lost itself among the rolling fields. Now and then some light-footed
tramp straggled along it--some young fellow in a faded pink shirt and
drawers of parti-coloured patches. But people drove on the country
road alongside. Along that country road drove Tikhon Ilitch also. His
first encounter was with a dilapidated public carriage which approached
at racing speed--provincial cabmen drive wildly!--and in which sat a
huntsman, an official of the bank. At his feet lay a spotted setter
dog; on his knees rested a gun in its cover; his legs were encased
in tall wading-boots, though there had never been any marshes in the
county. Next, diving across the dusty hummocks, came a young postman
mounted on a bicycle of an ancient model, with an enormous front
wheel and a tiny rear one. He frightened the horse, and Tikhon Ilitch
gritted his teeth with rage; the rascal ought to be degraded to the
ranks of the workingmen! The mid-day sun scorched; a hot breeze was
blowing; the cloudless sky became slate-coloured. And, as he meditated
upon the brevity and senselessness of life, Tikhon Ilitch turned away
with ever-increasing irritation from the dust which whirled along the
road, and with ever-increasing anxiety cast sidelong glances at the
spindling, prematurely drying stalks of the grain.

Throngs of pilgrims armed with long staffs, tortured by fatigue and the
heat, tramped on at a peaceful gait. They made low, meek reverences to
Tikhon Ilitch; but their obeisances struck him as shams. “Those fellows
meek! I’ll bet they fight among themselves like cats and dogs at their
halting-places!” he muttered. Drunken peasants returning from the
Fair--red-headed, black-haired, flaxen-haired, but all alike hideous
and tattered, and with about ten crowded into each cart--raised clouds
of dust as they whipped up their wretched little horses. As he overtook
their rattling carts Tikhon Ilitch shook his head. “Ugh, you roving
beggars, may the devil fly away with you.”

One of them, in a print shirt torn to ribbons, lay fast asleep and was
bumped about like a corpse, stretched supine with his head thrown back,
his beard blood-stained, his nose swollen and clotted with dried blood.
Another stumbled as he ran after his cap, which had been blown off by
the wind; and Tikhon Ilitch, with malicious delight, lashed him with
his whip. Then came a cart filled with sieves, shovels, and peasant
women. They sat with their backs to the horses, rattling and bumping
about. One had a new child’s cap on her head, worn wrong side before;
another was singing with her mouth full of bread; a third flourished
her arms and, laughing, shouted after Tikhon Ilitch: “Hey there, uncle,
you’ve lost your linch-pin!” And Tikhon Ilitch reined in his horse, let
them catch up with him, and lashed this woman, too, with his whip.

Beyond the toll-gate, where the highway turned off to one side, and
where the rattling peasant carts fell to the rear, and silence, the
wide space and sultriness of the steppe reigned, he felt once more
that, in spite of everything, the chief item in the world was Business.
He thought with supreme scorn of the landed proprietors, putting on
swagger at the Fair--they, with their wretched troika teams! Ekh, and
the poverty on every side! The peasants were utterly ruined, with not
a scrap left on their impoverished little farms scattered about the
country. A master was needed here--a master!

“But you’re not the right master, my good fellow!” he announced to
himself with a spiteful grin. “You’re a poor, crazy, landless stick
yourself!”

Midway of his journey lay Rovnoe, a large village in which the
inhabitants were freeholders. A scorching breeze coursed through
the deserted streets and across the heat-singed bushes. Fowls were
ruffling up their feathers and burying themselves in the ashes at the
thresholds. A church of crude hue reared itself starkly, harshly on
the bare common. Beyond the church a tiny clayey pond gleamed in the
sunlight below a dam of manure, a sheet of thick yellow water in which
stood a herd of cows, incessantly discharging according to the demands
of nature; and there a naked peasant was soaping his head. He, too, had
waded into the water up to his waist; on his breast glistened his brass
baptismal cross; his neck and face were black with sunburn, his body
strikingly white, pallid.

“Unbridle my horse for me,” said Tikhon Ilitch, driving into the pond,
which reeked of the cattle.

The peasant tossed his fragment of blue-marbled soap on the shore,
black with cow-dung, and, his head all grey, with a modest gesture as
though to cover himself, he made haste to comply with the command. The
mare bent greedily to the water, but it was so warm and repulsive that
she raised her muzzle and turned away. Whistling to her, Tikhon Ilitch
waved his cap:

“Well, nice water you have! Do you drink it?”

“Well, then, and is yours sugar-water, I wonder?” retorted the peasant,
amiably and gaily. “We’ve been drinking it these thousand years! But
what’s water?--’tis bread we’re lacking.”

And Tikhon Ilitch was forced to hold his tongue; for in Durnovka the
water was no better, and there was no bread there either. What was
more, there would be none.

Beyond Rovnoe the road ran again through fields of rye--but what
fields! The grain was spindling, weak, almost wholly lacking in ears,
and smothered in corn-flowers. And near Vyselki, not far from Durnovka,
clouds of rooks perched on the gnarled, hollow willow-trees with their
silvery beaks wide open. Nothing was left of Vyselki that day save its
name--the rest was only black skeletons of cottages in the midst of
rubbish! The rubbish was smoking, with a milky-bluish emanation; there
was a rank odour of burning. And the thought of a conflagration from
lightning transfixed Tikhon Ilitch. “Calamity!” he said to himself,
turning pale. Nothing he owned was insured: everything might be reduced
to ashes in an hour.




VII


From that Fast of St. Peter, that memorable trip to the Fair, Tikhon
Ilitch began to drink frequently--not to the point of downright
drunkenness, but to the stage at which his face became passably red.
This did not, however, interfere in the slightest degree with his
business, and, according to his own account, it did not interfere with
his health. “Vodka polishes the blood,” he was wont to remark; and,
truth to tell, to all appearances he became more robust than ever.
Not infrequently now he called his life that of a galley-slave--the
hangman’s noose--a gilded cage. But he strode along his pathway with
ever-increasing confidence, paying no attention to the condition of
the weather or the road. Commonplace, uneventful days ruled supreme in
his house, and several years passed in such monotonous fashion that
everything merged together into one long working-day. But certain new,
vast events which no one had looked for came to pass--the war with
Japan and the revolution.

The rumours concerning the war began, of course, with bragging. “The
kazaks will soon flay his yellow skin off him, brother!” But it
smouldered so very short a time, this pale image of former boasts! A
different sort of talk speedily made itself heard.

“We have more land than we can manage!” said Tikhon Ilitch, in the
stern tone of an expert--probably for the first time in the whole
course of his life not referring to his own land in Durnovka, but to
the whole expanse of Russia. “’Tis not war, sir, but downright madness!”

Another thing made itself felt, the sort of thing which has prevailed
from time immemorial--the inclination to take the winning side. And
the news about the frightful defeats of the Russian army excited his
enthusiasm: “Ukh, that’s fine. Curse them, the brutes!” He waxed
enthusiastic also over the conquests of the revolution, over the
assassinations: “That Minister got a smashing blow!” said Tikhon Ilitch
occasionally, in the fire of his ecstasy. “He got such a good one that
not even his ashes were left!”

But his uneasiness increased, too. As soon as any discussion connected
with the land came up, his wrath awoke. “’Tis all the work of the Jews!
Of the Jews, and of those frowzy long-haired fellows, the students!”
What irritated Tikhon Ilitch worst of all was, that the son of the
deacon in Ulianovka, a student in the Theological Seminary who was
hanging around without work and living on his father, called himself
a Social-Democrat. And the whole situation was incomprehensible.
Everybody was talking about the revolution, the Revolution, while
round about everything was going on the same as ever, in the
ordinary everyday fashion: the sun shone, the rye blossomed in the
fields, the carts wended their way to the station. The populace were
incomprehensible in their taciturnity, in the evasiveness of their talk.

“They’re an underhand lot, the populace! They fairly scare one with
their slyness!” said Tikhon Ilitch. And, forgetting the Jews, he
added: “Let us assume that not all that music is craft. Changing the
government and evening up the shares of land--why, an infant could
understand that, sir. And, naturally,’tis perfectly clear to whom they
will pay court--that populace, sir. But, of course, they hold their
tongues. And, of course, we must watch, and try to meet their humour,
so that they may go on holding their tongues. We must put a spoke
in their wheel! If you don’t, look out for yourself: they’ll scent
success, they’ll get wind of the fact that they’ve got the breeching
under their tail--and they’ll smash things to smithereens, sir!”

When he read or heard that land was to be taken from only such as
possessed more than five hundred desyatini[5] he himself became an
“agitator.” He even entered into disputes with the Durnovka people.
This is the sort of thing that would happen:--

A peasant stood alongside Tikhon Ilitch’s shop; the man had bought
vodka at the railway station, dried salt fish and cracknels at the
shop, and had doffed his cap; but he prolonged his enjoyment, and said:

“No, Tikhon Ilitch, ’tis no use your explaining. It can be taken, at a
just price. But not the way you say--that’s no good.”

An odour arose from the pine boards piled up near the granary, opposite
the yard. The dried fish and the linden bast on which the cracknels
were strung had an irritating smell. The hot locomotive of the
freight-train could be heard hissing and getting up steam beyond the
trees, behind the buildings of the railway station. Tikhon Ilitch stood
bare-headed beside his shop, screwing up his eyes and smiling slily.
Smilingly he made reply:

“Bosh! But what if he is not a master, but a tramp?”

“Who? The noble owner, you mean?”

“No--a low-born man.”

“Well, that’s a different matter. ’Tis no sin to take it from such a
man, with all his innards to boot!”

“Well now, that’s exactly the point!”

But another rumour reached them: the land would be taken from those who
owned less than five hundred desyatini! And immediately his soul was
assailed by preoccupation, suspicion, irritability. Everything that was
done in the house began to seem abhorrent.

Egorka, the assistant, brought flour-sacks out of the shop and began
to shake them. And the man’s head reminded him of the head of the town
fool, “Duck-Headed Matty.” The crown of his head ran up to a point,
his hair was harsh and thick--“Now, why is it that fools have such
thick hair?”--his forehead was sunken, his face resembled an oblique
egg, he had protruding eyes, and his eyelids, with their calf-like
lashes, seemed drawn tightly over them; it looked as if there were not
enough skin--if he were to close his eyes, his mouth would fly open of
necessity, and if he closed his mouth, he would be compelled to open
his eyes very wide. And Tikhon Ilitch shouted spitefully: “Babbler!
Blockhead! What are you shaking your head at me for?”

The cook brought out a smallish box, opened it, placed it upside down
on the ground, and began to thump the bottom with her fist. And,
understanding what that meant, Tikhon Ilitch slowly shook his head:
“Akh, you housewife, curse you! You’re knocking out the cockroaches?”

“There’s a regular cloud of them in there!” replied the cook gaily.
“When I peeped in--Lord, what a sight!”

And, gritting his teeth, Tikhon Ilitch walked out to the highway and
gazed long at the rolling plain, in the direction of Durnovka.




VIII


His living-rooms, the kitchen, the shop, and the granary, where
formerly his liquor-trade had been carried on, constituted a single
mass under one iron roof. On three sides the straw-thatched sheds
of the cattle-yard were closely connected with it, and a pleasing
quadrangle was thus obtained. The porch and all the windows faced
the south. But the view was cut off by the grain-sheds, which stood
opposite the windows and across the road. To the right was the railway
station, to the left the highway. Beyond the highway was a small grove
of birches. And when Tikhon Ilitch felt out of sorts, he went out on
the highway. It ran southward in a white winding ribbon from hillock
to hillock, ever following the fields in their declivities and rising
again toward the horizon from the far-away watch-tower, where the
railway, coming from the south-east, intersected it. And if any one
of the Durnovka peasants chanced to be driving to Ulianovka--one of
the more energetic and clever, that is, such as Yakoff, whom every
one called Yakoff Mikititch[6] because he was greedy, and held fast
to his little store of grain a second year, and owned three excellent
horses--Tikhon Ilitch stopped him.

“You might buy yourself a cheap little cap with a visor, at least!” he
shouted to Yakoff, with a grin.

Yakoff, in a peakless cap, hemp-crash shirt, and trousers of heavy
striped linen, was sitting barefoot on the side-rail of his springless
cart.

“’Morning, Tikhon Ilitch,” he said, staidly.

“’Morning! I tell you, ’tis time you sacrificed your round cap for a
jackdaw’s nest!”

Yakoff, grinning shrewdly earthwards, shook his head.

“That--how should it be expressed?--would not be a bad idea. But, you
see, my capital, so to speak, will not permit.”

“Oh, stop your babbling. We know all about you Kazan orphans![7] You’ve
married off your girl, and got a wife for your lad, and you have plenty
of money. What more is there left for you to want from the Lord God?”

This flattered Yakoff, but he became more uncommunicative than ever.
“O, Lord!” he muttered, with a sigh, in a sort of chuckling tone.
“Money--I don’t know the sight of it, so to speak. And my lad--well,
what of him? The boy’s no comfort to me. No comfort at all, to speak
the plain truth! Young folks are no comfort nowadays!”

Yakoff, like many peasants, was extremely nervous, especially if his
family or his affairs were in question. He was remarkably secretive,
but on such occasions nervousness overpowered him, although only his
disconnected, trembling speech betrayed the fact. So, in order to
complete his disquiet, Tikhon Ilitch inquired sympathetically: “So he
isn’t a comfort? Tell me, pray, is it all because of the woman?”

Yakoff, looking about him, scratched his breast with his finger-nails.
“Yes, because of the woman, his wife, his father may go break his back
with work.”

“Is she jealous?”

“Yes, she is. People set me down as the lover of my daughter-in-law.”

“H’m!” ejaculated Tikhon Ilitch sympathetically, although he knew full
well that there is never smoke without fire.

But Yakoff’s eyes were already wandering: “She complained to her
husband; how she complained! And, just think, she wanted to poison
me. Sometimes, for example, a fellow catches cold and smokes a bit to
relieve his chest. Well, she noticed that--and stuck a cigarette under
my pillow. If I hadn’t happened to see it--I’d have been done for!”

“What sort of a cigarette?”

“She had pounded up the bones of dead men, and stuffed it with that in
place of tobacco.”

“That boy of yours is a fool! He ought to teach her a lesson, in
Russian style--the damned hussy!”

“What are you thinking of! He climbed on my breast, so to speak. And he
wriggled like a serpent. I grabbed him by the head, but his head was
shaved! I grabbed hold of his stomach. I hated to tear his shirt!”

Tikhon Ilitch shook his head, remained silent for a minute, and at
last reached a decision: “Well, and how are things going with you over
there? Are you still expecting the rebellion?”

But thereupon Yakoff’s secrecy was restored instantaneously. He grinned
and waved his hand. “Well!” he muttered volubly. “What would we do
with a rebellion? Our folks are peaceable. Yes, a peaceable lot.” And
he tightened the reins, as though his horse were restive and would not
stand.

“Then why did you have a village assembly last Sunday?” Tikhon Ilitch
maliciously and abruptly interjected.

“A village assembly, did you say? The plague only knows! They started
an awful row, so to speak.”

“I know what the row was about! I know!”

“Well, what of it? I’m not making a secret of it. They gabbled, so to
speak, said orders had been issued--orders had been issued--that no one
was to work any more at the former price.”

It was extremely mortifying to reflect that, because of wretched little
Durnovka, affairs were escaping from his grasp. And there were only
thirty homesteads altogether in that same Durnovka. And it was situated
in a devil of a ravine: a broad gorge, with peasant cottages on one
side, and on the other the tiny manor. And that manor exchanged glances
with the cottages and from day to day expected some “order.” Ekh, he’d
like to apply a few kazaks with their whips to the situation!




IX


But the “order” came, at last. One Sunday a rumour began to circulate
in Durnovka that the village assembly had worked out a plan for an
attack upon the manor. With maliciously merry eyes, a feeling of
unusual strength and daring, and a readiness to “break the horns of the
devil himself,” Tikhon Ilitch shouted orders to have the colt harnessed
to the runabout, and within ten minutes he was driving him at high
speed along the highway to Durnovka. The sun was setting, after a rainy
day, in greyish-red clouds; the boles of the trees in the birch-grove
were crimson; the country dirt-road, which stood out as a line of
blackish-purple mud amid the fresh greenery, afforded heavy going.
Rose-hued foam dripped from the haunches of the colt and from the
breeching which jerked about on them. But he was not considering the
colt. Slapping him stoutly with the reins, Tikhon Ilitch turned aside
from the railway, drove to the right along the road across the fields,
and, on coming within sight of Durnovka, was inclined to doubt, for
a moment, the correctness of the rumours about a rebellion. Peaceful
stillness lay all about, the larks were warbling their evening song in
peace, the air was simply and peacefully impregnated with an odour of
damp earth and with the fragrance of wild flowers. But all of a sudden
his glance fell upon the fallow-field alongside the manor, thickly sown
with sweet-clover. On that fallow-field, a drove of horses belonging to
the peasants was grazing!

So it had begun. And, tugging at the reins, Tikhon Ilitch flew past
the drove, past the barns overgrown with burdocks and nettles, past
a low-growing cherry-orchard filled with sparrows, past the stables
and the cottages of the domestics, and leaped with a bound into the
farmyard.

Then something incongruous happened. There, in the twilight, in the
middle of the field, sat Tikhon Ilitch in his runabout, overwhelmed
with wrath, mortification, and terror. His heart beat violently, his
hands trembled, his face burned, his hearing was as acute as that of a
wild animal. There he sat, listening to the shouts which were wafted
from Durnovka, and recalled how the crowd, which had seemed to him
immense, on catching sight of him from afar had swarmed across the
gorge to the manor and filled the yard with uproar and abusive words,
had massed themselves on the porch and pinioned him against the door.
All the weapon he had had was the whip in his hand. And he brandished
it, now retreating, now hurling himself in desperation against the
crowd. But the harness-maker, a vicious emaciated fellow with a sunken
belly and a sharp nose, wearing tall boots and a lavender print shirt,
advanced brandishing his stick even more furiously. On behalf of the
whole throng, he screeched that an order had been issued to “make an
end of that outfit”--to make an end on one and the same day and hour
throughout the entire government. The hired labourers from outside
were to be chased out of all the estates and replaced with local
labourers--at a ruble a day!--while the owners were to be expelled neck
and crop, in any direction, so that they would never be seen again. And
Tikhon Ilitch yelled still more frantically, in the endeavour to drown
out the harness-maker: “A--a! So that’s it! Have you been whetting
yourself, you tramp, on the deacon’s son? Have you lost your wits?”

But the harness-maker disputatiously caught his words on the fly:
“Tramp yourself!” he yelled until he was hoarse, and his face was
suffused with blood. “You’re an old fool! Haven’t I managed to get
along all my life without the deacon’s son? Don’t I know how much land
you own? How much is it, you skinflint? Two hundred desyatini? But
I--damn it!--own, in all, about as much ground as is covered by your
porch! And why? Who are you? Who are you, anyway, I ask you? What’s
your brew--any better sort than the rest of us?”

“Come to your senses, Mitka!” shouted Tikhon Ilitch helplessly at last;
and, conscious that his wits were getting muddled, he made a dash
through the crowd to his runabout. “I’ll pay you off for this!”

But no one was afraid of his threats, and unanimous laughter, yells,
and whistling followed him. Then he had made the round of the
manor-estate, his heart sinking within him, and listened. He drove
out upon the road to the cross-roads and halted with his face to
the darkening west, toward the railway station, holding himself in
readiness to whip up his horse at any moment. It was very quiet, warm,
damp, and dark. The land, which rose toward the horizon, where a faint
reddish gleam still smouldered, was as black as the nethermost abyss.

“Sta-and still, you carrion!” Tikhon Ilitch whispered through set teeth
to his restive horse. “Sta-and still!”

And, from afar, first shouts, then songs, were wafted to him. And among
all the voices the voice of Vanka Krasny, who had already been twice
in the mines of the Donetz Basin, was distinguishable above the rest.
And then, suddenly, a dark-fiery column rose above the manor-house:
the peasants had shaken off all the immature fruit in the orchard and
set fire to the watchman’s hut. A pistol which the gardener, a petty
burgher, had left behind him in the hut began to discharge itself, out
of the fire.

It became known, later on, that in truth a remarkable thing had taken
place. On one and the same day, the peasants had risen through almost
the entire county. The inns in the town were crowded for a long
time thereafter with land-owners who had sought protection of the
authorities. Afterwards, Tikhon Ilitch recalled with shame that he
also had sought it--with shame, because the whole uprising had been
limited to the Durnovka people’s shouting for a while, doing a lot
of damage, and then quieting down. The harness-maker began, before
long, to present himself in the shop at Vorgol as though nothing
whatever had happened, and doffed his cap on the threshold as if he
did not perceive that Tikhon Ilitch’s face darkened at his appearance.
Nevertheless, rumours were still in circulation to the effect that the
Durnovka folk intended to murder Tikhon Ilitch. And he, afraid to be
caught out after dark on the road from Durnovka, fumbled in his pocket
for his bulldog revolver, which weighed down the pocket of his full
trousers in an annoying manner, and registered a vow that he would burn
Durnovka to the ground some fine night, or poison the water in the
Durnovka wells. Then even these rumours died away. But Tikhon Ilitch
began to think seriously of ridding himself of Durnovka. “Real money is
the money in your pocket, not the money you’re going to inherit from
your grandmother!” Moreover, the peasants had become impudent in their
manner to him, and they seemed peculiarly well-informed. The Durnovka
folks knew “all the ins and outs of things,” and for that reason alone,
if for no other, it was stupid to entrust the oversight and management
of affairs at the manor to any of the Durnovka labourers. More than
that, Rodka was the village Elder.

That year--the most alarming of all recent years--Tikhon Ilitch reached
the age of fifty. But he had not abandoned his dream of becoming a
father. And, lo and behold, precisely that was what brought him into
collision with Rodka.




X


Rodka, a tall, thin, sullen young fellow from Ulianovka, had gone two
years previously to live with Fedot, the brother of Yakoff; he had
married, and had buried Fedot, who had died from over-drinking at the
wedding; and he had then gone away to do his military service. But the
bride, a young woman with fine figure, an extremely white, soft skin
faintly tinged with crimson, and eyelashes for ever downcast, began to
work for daily wages at the farm. And those eyelashes perturbed Tikhon
Ilitch terribly. The peasant women of Durnovka wear “horns” on their
heads: immediately after the wedding they coil their braided hair on
the crown of the head and cover it with a kerchief, which produces a
queer effect, similar to the horns of a cow. They wear dark-blue skirts
of the antique pattern, trimmed with galloon, a white apron not unlike
a sarafan[8] in shape, and bast-slippers. But the Bride--that name
stuck to her--was beautiful in that garb. And one evening in the dark
barn, where the Bride was alone and finishing the clearing up of the
rye-ears, Tikhon Ilitch, after casting a precautionary glance around
him, entered, went up to her, and said hastily: “You shall have pretty
shoes and silk kerchiefs. I shall not begrudge a twenty-five-ruble
banknote!”

But the Bride remained silent as death.

“Do you hear what I say?” cried Tikhon Ilitch, in a whisper.

But the Bride seemed turned to stone, and with bowed head went on
wielding her rake.

So he accomplished nothing at all. All of a sudden, Rodka
appeared--ahead of his time, and minus an eye. That was soon after the
rebellion of the Durnovka peasants, and Tikhon Ilitch immediately hired
him and his wife for the Durnovka farm, on the ground that “nowadays
it won’t do to be without a soldier on the place.” About St. Ilya’s
Day, while Rodka had gone off to the town, the Bride was scrubbing the
floors in the house. Picking his way among the puddles, Tikhon Ilitch
entered the room, cast a glance at the Bride, who was bending over the
floor--at her white calves bespattered with dirty water--at the whole
of her plump body as it flattened out before him. And, suddenly turning
the key in the door, he strode up to the Bride. She straightened up
hastily, raised her flushed, agitated face and, clutching in her hand
the dripping floor-rag, screamed at him in a strange tone: “I’ll give
you a soaking, young fellow!”

An odour of hot soapsuds, heated body, perspiration, pervaded the air.
Seizing the Bride by the hand, he squeezed it in a brutal grip, shaking
it and making her drop the rag. Tikhon Ilitch grasped the Bride by the
waist with his right arm--pressed her to him with such force that her
bones cracked--and bore her off into another room where there was a
bed. And the Bride, with head thrown back and eyes staring wide open,
no longer struggled, no longer resisted.

After that incident it was painful to the point of torment to see his
wife, to see Rodka; to know that Rodka slept with the Bride, that he
beat her ferociously every day and every night. But before long the
situation became alarming as well. Inscrutable are the ways by which a
jealous man arrives at the truth. And Rodka found out. Lean, one-eyed,
long-armed, and strong as an ape, with a small closely-cropped black
head which he always carried bent forward as he shot sidelong glances
from his deep-set eyes, he became downright terrifying. During his
service as a soldier he had acquired a stock of Little Russian words
and an accent. And if the Bride ventured to make any reply to his curt,
harsh speeches, he calmly picked up his leather-strap knout, approached
her with a vicious grin, and calmly inquired, accenting the “re”:
“What’s that you’re _re_marking?” Thereupon he gave her such a flogging
that everything turned black before her eyes.

On one occasion Tikhon Ilitch himself happened upon a thrashing of
this sort and, unable to restrain his indignation, shouted: “What are
you doing, you damned rascal?” But Rodka quietly seated himself on the
bench and merely looked at him. “What’s that you’re _re_marking?” he
inquired. And Tikhon Ilitch made haste to retreat, slamming the door
behind him.

Wild thoughts began to dart through his mind. Should he poison his
wife?--with stove-gas, for example?--or should he arrange matters
so that Rodka would be crushed by a falling roof or earth? But one
month passed, then another--and hope, that hope which had inspired in
him these intoxicating thoughts, was cruelly deceived. The Bride was
not pregnant. Every one in Durnovka was convinced that it was Rodka’s
fault. Tikhon Ilitch himself was convinced of it, and cherished strong
hopes. But one day in September, when Rodka was absent at the railway
station, Tikhon Ilitch presented himself and fairly groaned aloud at
the sight of the face of the Bride, all its feminine beauty distorted
with terror.

“Are you done for again?” he cried, as he ran up the steps of the porch.

The Bride’s lips turned white, her nose became waxen in hue, and her
eyes opened very wide; yet again, it appeared, she was not with child.
She expected to receive a deadly blow on the head, and involuntarily
recoiled from it. But Tikhon Ilitch controlled himself, merely uttering
a groan of pain and rage.

A moment later he took his departure--and from that day forth Rodka had
no reason for jealousy. Conscious of that fact, Rodka began to feel
timid in the presence of Tikhon Ilitch. And the latter now harboured,
secretly, only one desire: to drive Rodka out of his sight, and that as
speedily as possible. But whom could he find to take his place?




XI


Accident came to the rescue of Tikhon Ilitch. Quite unexpectedly he
became reconciled to his brother, and persuaded him to undertake the
management of Durnovka.

He had learned from an acquaintance in the town that Kuzma had ceased
to drink and for a long time had been serving as clerk with a landed
proprietor named Kasatkin. And, what was most amazing of all, he had
become “an author.” Yes, it was said that he had printed a whole little
volume of his verses, and on the cover was the inscription: “For sale
by the Author.”

“Oh, come no-ow!” drawled Tikhon Ilitch when he heard this. “He’s the
same old Kuzma, and that’s all right! But let me ask one thing: Did he
really print it so--‘The Works of Kuzma Krasoff’?”

“Give you my word he did,” replied the acquaintance, being fully
persuaded, nevertheless--as were many others in the town--that Kuzma
“skinned” his verses from books and newspapers.

Thereupon Tikhon Ilitch, without quitting his seat at the table of
Daeff’s eating-house, wrote a brief, peremptory letter to his brother:
’twas high time for old men to make peace, to repent. And there, in
that same eating-house, the reconciliation took place--swiftly, almost
without the utterance of a word. And on the following day came the
business talk.

It was morning; the eating-house was still almost empty. The sun shone
through the dusty windows, lighted up the small tables covered with
greyish-red tablecloths, the floor newly washed with bran and emitting
an odour of the stable, and the waiters in their white shirts and white
trousers. In a cage a canary was singing in all possible modulations,
but like a mechanical bird which had been wound up rather than a live
one. Next door, the bells of St. Michael Archangel’s church were
ringing for the Liturgy, and the dense, sonorous peal shook the walls
and boomed quivering overhead. With nervous, serious countenance,
Tikhon Ilitch seated himself at a table, ordered at first only tea for
two, but became impatient and reached for the bill-of-fare--a novelty
which had excited the mirth of all Daeff’s patrons. On the card was
printed: “A small carafe of vodka, with snack, 25 kopeks. With tasty
snack, 40 kopeks.” Tikhon Ilitch ordered the carafe of vodka at forty
kopeks. He tossed off two glasses with avidity and was on the point
of drinking a third, when a long-familiar voice resounded in his ear:
“Well, good morning once more.”

Kuzma was garbed in the same fashion as his brother. He was shorter
of stature, with larger bones, more withered, and a trifle broader of
shoulder. He had the large thin face with prominent cheek-bones of a
shrewd old peasant shopkeeper, grey overhanging eyebrows, and large
greenish eyes. His manner of beginning was not simple:

“First of all, I must expound to you, Tikhon Ilitch,” he began, as
soon as Tikhon Ilitch had poured him a cup of tea, “I must expound to
you what sort of a man I am, so that you may know”--he chuckled--“with
whom you are dealing.” He had a way of enunciating his words very
distinctly, elevating his brows, unfastening and fastening the upper
button of his short coat while he talked. So, having buttoned it, he
continued: “I, you see, am an anarchist....”

Tikhon Ilitch raised his eyebrows.

“Don’t be afraid. I don’t meddle with politics. But you can’t give a
man orders how he is to think. It won’t harm you in the least. I shall
manage the estate faithfully, but I tell you straight from the shoulder
that I will not skin the people.”

“Anyway, that can’t be done at the present time,” sighed Tikhon Ilitch.

“Well, times are the same as they always were. It is still possible to
fleece people. I’ll do my managing properly, but my leisure I shall
devote to self-development. That is to say, to reading.”

“Okh, bear in mind: Too much poking in books is bad for the poke!” said
Tikhon Ilitch, shaking his head, and making a grimace. “However, that’s
no affair of ours.”

“Well, that’s not the way I look at it,” retorted Kuzma. “I,
brother--how shall I put it to you?--I’m a strange Russian type.”

“I’m a Russian man myself, bear that in mind,” interposed Tikhon
Ilitch.

“But another sort. I don’t mean to say that I’m better than you,
but--I’m different. Now here are you, I see, priding yourself on being
a Russian, while I, brother, okh! am very far from being a Slavophil!
It’s not proper to jabber much, but one thing I will say: for God’s
sake, don’t brag of being a Russian! We’re an uncivilized people and an
extremely unreliable one--neither candle for God nor oven-fork for the
devil. But we will discuss this as time goes on.”

Tikhon Ilitch contracted his brows, drummed on the table with his
fingers. “That’s right, probably,” he said, and slowly filled his
glass. “We’re a savage lot. A crack-brained race.”

“Well, and that’s precisely the point. I have, I may say, roamed about
the world a good bit. Well, and what then? Absolutely nowhere have I
seen more tiresome and lazy types. And those who are not lazy”--here
Kuzma shot a sidelong look at his brother--“have no sense at all. They
toil and strive and acquire a nest for themselves; but where’s the
sense in it, after all?”

“What do you mean by that? What’s sense?” asked Tikhon Ilitch.

“Just what I say. One must use sense in making one’s nest. I’ll weave
me a nest, says the man, and then I’ll live as a man should. In this
way and in that.”

Here Kuzma tapped his breast and his brow with his finger.

Tikhon Ilitch poured himself out another glass of liquor. Kuzma, having
donned a silver-framed pair of eyeglasses, sipped the boiling-hot amber
fluid from his saucer. Tikhon Ilitch gazed at him with beaming eyes;
and after turning something over in his mind, he said: “Evidently,
brother, that sort of thing is not for the likes of us. If you live in
the country, sup your coarse cabbage-soup and wear wretched bast-shoes.
Do as your neighbours do!”

“Bast-shoes!” retorted Kuzma tartly. “We’ve been wearing them a couple
of thousand years, brother--the thrice-accursed things! For two
thousand years we’ve been living with our mouths agape. We’re doing
the devil’s work. And who is to blame? What I have to say about it is
this: ’tis high time to get ashamed of casting shame for everything on
our neighbours--blaming our neighbours instead of ourselves! The Tatars
oppressed us, you see! We’re a young nation, you see! Just as if, over
there in Europe, all sorts of Mongols didn’t oppress folks a lot, too!
As if the Germans were any older than we are! Well, anyhow, that’s a
special subject.”

“Correct!” said Tikhon Ilitch. “Come on, we’d better get down to
business.”

Kuzma turned his empty glass upside down on the saucer, lighted a
cigarette, and resumed his exposition.

“I don’t go to church.”

“That signifies that you are a molokan?”[9] asked Tikhon Ilitch, and
said to himself: “I’m lost! Evidently, I must get rid of Durnovka!”

“A sort of molokan,” grinned Kuzma. “And do you go to church? If it
weren’t for fear and necessity, one would forget all about it.”

“Well, I’m not the first, neither am I the last,” retorted Tikhon
Ilitch, again contracting his brows in a scowl. “We are all sinners.
But ’tis stated, you know: One sigh buys forgiveness for everything.”

Kuzma shook his head.

“You’re saying the usual things!” he remarked, severely. “But if you
will only pause and reflect, how can that be so? You’ve been living on
and on pig-fashion all your life, and you utter a sigh--and everything
is wiped out without leaving a trace! Is there any sense in that, or
not?”

The conversation was becoming painful. “That’s correct,” Tikhon Ilitch
said to himself, as he stared at the table with flashing eyes. But, as
always, he wanted to dodge thought, and discussion about God and about
life; and he said the first thing that came to the tip of his tongue:
“I’d be glad enough to go to Paradise, but my sins won’t let me.”

“There, there, there!” Kuzma caught him up, tapping the table with his
finger-nail. “The very thing we love the best, our most pernicious
characteristic, is precisely that: words are one thing, deeds are quite
another! ’Tis the genuine Russian tune, brother: I live disgustingly,
pig-fashion, but nevertheless I am living, and I shall continue to
live, pig-fashion! You’re a type, brother! A type!--Well, now talk
business.”

The pealing of the bells had ceased, the canary had quieted down.
People had assembled in the eating-house, and conversation was
increasing at the little tables. A waiter opened a window, and chatter
from the bazaar also became audible. Somewhere in a shop a quail was
uttering his call, very clearly and melodiously. And while the business
talk was in progress Kuzma kept listening to it, and from time to
time interposed, “That’s clever!” in an undertone. And when all had
been said he slapped the table with the palm of his hand and said
energetically: “Well, all right, so be it--don’t let’s discuss it!”
and thrusting his hand into the side pocket of his short coat, he drew
forth a regular heap of papers and paper scraps, sorted out from among
them a small book in a grey-marbled binding, and laid it in front of
his brother. “There!” said he. “I yield to your request and to my own
weakness. ’Tis a wretched little book, casual verses, written long ago.
But ’tis done, and it cannot be helped. Here, take it and put it out of
sight.”

And once more Tikhon Ilitch, who had already become extremely red in
the face from the vodka, was agitated by the consciousness that his
brother was an author; that upon that grey-marbled cover was printed:
“Poems by K. I. Krasoff.” He turned the book about in his hands, and
said diffidently: “Suppose you read me something. Hey? Pray do, read me
three or four verses.”

And, with head bent low and in some confusion, holding the book at a
distance and gazing severely at it through his glasses, Kuzma read
the sort of thing which the self-taught usually write: imitations of
Koltzoff and Nikitin, complaints against Fate and misery, challenges
to impending storm-clouds and bad weather. It is true that he himself
was conscious that all this was old and false. But behind the alien,
incongruous form lay the truth--that which had been violently and
painfully experienced at some time or other. And upon his thin
cheek-bones patches of pink made their appearance, and his voice
trembled from time to time. Tikhon Ilitch’s eyes gleamed, too. It was
of no importance whether the verses were good or bad--the important
point was that they had been composed by his own brother, a poor man, a
simple plain fellow who reeked of cheap tobacco and old boots.

“But with us, Kuzma Ilitch,” he said when Kuzma had finished and,
removing his eyeglasses, dropped his eyes, “but with us there is only
one song.” And he twisted his lips unpleasantly and bitterly: “The only
song we know is: ‘What’s the price of pig’s bristles?’”




XII


Nevertheless, after establishing his brother at Durnovka he set about
singing that song with more gusto than ever. Before placing Durnovka in
his brother’s hands, he had picked a quarrel with Rodka over some new
harness-straps which had been devoured by the dogs, and had discharged
him. Rodka smiled insolently by way of reply and calmly strode off to
his cottage to collect his belongings. The Bride, also, listened with
apparent composure to the dismissal. On breaking with Tikhon Ilitch
she had resumed her habit of maintaining silence and never looking
him in the eye. But half an hour later, when he had got everything
together, Rodka came, accompanied by her, to ask forgiveness. The
Bride remained standing on the threshold, pale, her eyes swollen with
weeping, and held her peace; Rodka bowed his head, fumbled with his
cap, and also made an effort to weep,--it resulted in a repulsive
grimace,--but Tikhon Ilitch sat at the table with lowering brows and
rattled the balls on his abacus, shaking his head the while. Not one of
the three could raise his eyes--especially the Bride, who felt herself
the most guilty of them all--and their entreaties were unavailing.
Tikhon Ilitch showed mercy on one point only: he did not deduct the
price of the straps from their wages.

Now he was on a firm foundation. Having got rid of Rodka and
transferred his affairs to his brother’s charge, he felt alert, at his
ease. “My brother is unreliable, a trifling fellow, apparently, but
he’ll do for the present!” And returning to Vorgol he bustled about
unweariedly through the whole month of October. Nastasya Petrovna
was ailing all the time--her feet, hands, and face were swollen and
yellow--and Tikhon Ilitch now began to meditate at times on the
possibility of her dying, and bore himself with increasing lenience
to her weakness, to her uselessness in all affairs connected with
the house and the shop. And, as though in harmony with his mood,
magnificent weather prevailed during the whole of October. But
suddenly it broke up and was followed by storms and torrents of rain;
and in Durnovka something utterly unexpected came to pass.

During October Rodka had been working on the railway line, and the
Bride had been sitting, without work, at home, enduring the reproaches
of her mother and only occasionally earning fifteen or twenty kopeks in
the garden of the manor. But her behaviour was peculiar: at home she
said never a word, but only wept, and in the garden she was shrilly
merry, shouted with laughter, sang songs with Donka the Goat, an
extremely stupid and pretty little girl who resembled an Egyptian. The
Goat was living with a petty burgher who had leased the garden, while
the Bride, who for some reason or other had struck up a friendship
with her, made bold eyes at her brother, an impudent youth, and as she
ogled him hinted in song that she was wasting away with love for some
one. Whether anything occurred between them was not known, but the
whole affair ended in a great catastrophe. When the petty burghers were
departing for the town just before the Feast of Our Lady of Kazan they
arranged an “evening party” in their watchman’s hut, invited the Goat
and the Bride, played all night on two peasant pipes, fed their guests
with crude delicacies, and gave them tea and vodka for beverages. And
at dawn, when their cart was already harnessed, they suddenly, with
roars of laughter, flung the intoxicated Bride on the ground, bound
her arms, lifted her petticoats, tied them in a knot over her head,
and began to fasten them securely there with a cord. The Goat started
to run away, and made a headlong dive in her fright into the tall, wet
steppe-grass. When she peeped out from that shelter, after the cart
with the petty burghers had rolled briskly away out of the garden, she
espied the Bride, naked to the waist, hanging from a tree. The dawn was
dreary and overcast; a fine rain was whispering through the garden.
The Goat wept in streams, and her teeth chattered as she untied the
Bride from the tree, vowing by the memory of her father and mother that
lightning might kill her, the Goat, but never should they discover in
the village what had taken place in the garden. Nevertheless, not a
week had elapsed before rumours concerning the Bride’s disgrace became
current in Durnovka.

It was impossible, of course, to verify these rumours: “As for seeing
it--why, nobody saw it. Well, and the Goat’s tongue was hung in the
middle when it came to telling absurd tales.” The Bride herself,
who had aged five years in that one week, replied to them with such
insolent vituperation that even her own mother was terrified by her
face at such moments. But the discussions provoked by the rumours did
not cease, and every one awaited with immense impatience the arrival of
Rodka and his chastisement of his wife. Much agitated--once more jarred
out of his rut--Tikhon Ilitch also awaited that impending chastisement,
having heard from his own labourers of what had occurred in the garden.
Why, that scandal might end in murder! But it ended in such a manner
that it is still a matter of doubt which would have startled the
Durnovka folks more powerfully--murder, or such a termination. On the
night before the Feast of St. Michael, Rodka, who had returned home
“to change his shirt,” and who had not laid a finger on the Bride,
died suddenly of “stomach trouble”! This became known in Vorgol late
in the evening; but Tikhon Ilitch instantly gave orders to harness his
horse, and drove at top speed, through the darkness and the rain, to
his brother. And after having gulped down, on top of his tea, a whole
bottle of fruit brandy, he made confession to him, in his burning
excitement, with passionate expressions, and eyes wildly rolling: “’Tis
my fault, brother; the sin is mine!”

Having heard him out, Kuzma held his peace for a long time, and for a
long time paced up and down the room plucking at his fingers, twisting
them, cracking their joints. At last he said: “Just think it over: is
there any nation more ferocious than ours? In town, if a petty thief
snatches from a hawker’s tray a pancake worth a farthing, the whole
population of the eating-house section pursues him, and when they catch
him they force him to eat soap. The whole town turns out for a fire, or
a fight, and how sorry they are that the fire or the fight is so soon
ended! Don’t shake your head, don’t do it: they _are_ sorry! And how
they revel in it when some one beats his wife to death, or thrashes a
small boy within an inch of his life, or jeers at him! That’s the most
amusing thing in the world.”

Tikhon Ilitch inquired: “What’s your object in saying that?”

“Just for the sake of talking!” replied Kuzma, angrily, and went on:
“Take that half-witted girl, Fesha, who wanders about Durnovka, for
example. The young fellows squander their last coppers on her--put
her down on the village common and set to work whacking her over her
cropped head, at the rate of ten whacks for a farthing! And is that
done out of ill-nature? Yes, out of ill-nature, certainly; and also
from a sort of stupidity, curse it! Well, and that’s the case with the
Bride.”

“Bear in mind,” interrupted Tikhon Ilitch hotly, “that there are always
plenty of blackguards and blockheads everywhere.”

“Exactly so. And didn’t you yourself bring that--well, what’s his name?”

“Duck-headed Motya, you mean?” asked Tikhon Ilitch.

“Yes, that’s it. Didn’t you bring him here for your own amusement?”

And Tikhon Ilitch burst out laughing: he had done that very thing.
Once, even, Motya had been sent to him by the railway in a sugar-cask.
The town was only about an arm’s length distant, and he knew the
officials--so they sent the man to him. And the inscription on the cask
ran: “With care. A complete Fool.”

“And these same fools are taught vices, for amusement!” Kuzma went
on bitterly.--“The yard-gates of poor brides are smeared with tar!
Beggars are hunted with dogs! For amusement, pigeons are knocked off
roofs with stones! Yet, as you know, ’tis a great sin to eat those same
pigeons. The Holy Spirit Himself assumes the form of a dove, you see!”




XIII


The samovar had long since grown cold, the candle had guttered down,
smoke hung over the room in a dull blue cloud, the slop-basin was
filled to the very brim with soggy, reeking cigarette butts. The
ventilator--a tin pipe in the upper corner of the window--was open,
and once in a while a squeaking and a whirling and a terribly tiresome
wailing proceeded from it--just like the one in the District offices,
Tikhon Ilitch said to himself. But the smoke was so dense that ten
ventilators would have been of no avail. The rain rattled on the roof
and Kuzma strode from corner to corner and talked:

“Ye-es! a nice state of things, there’s no denying it! Indescribable
kindliness! If you read history, your hair rises upright in horror:
brother pitted against brother, kinsman against kinsman, son against
father--treachery and murder, murder and treachery. The Epic legends,
too, are a sheer delight: ‘he slit his white breast,’ ‘he let his
bowels out on the ground,’ ‘Ilya did not spare his own daughter; he
stepped on her left foot, and pulled her right foot.’ And the songs?
The same thing, always the same: the stepmother is ‘wicked and greedy’;
the father-in-law, ‘harsh and quarrelsome,’ sits on the sleeping-shelf
above the stove, ‘just like a dog on a rope’; the mother-in-law,
equally wicked, sits on the stove ‘just like a bitch on a chain’;
the sisters-in-law are invariably ‘young dogs and tricksters’; the
brothers-in-law are ‘malicious scoffers’; the husband is ‘either a
fool or a drunkard’; the ‘old father-in-law bids him beat his wife
soundly, until her hide drops off to her heels’; while the wife, having
‘scrubbed the floor’ for this same old man, ‘ladled out the sour
cabbage-soup, scraped the threshold clean, and baked turnover-patties,’
addresses this sort of a speech to her husband: ‘Get up, you disgusting
fellow, wake up: here’s dish-water, wash yourself; here are your
leg-wrappers, wipe yourself; here’s a bit of rope, hang yourself.’
And our adages, Tikhon Ilitch! Could anything more lewd and filthy be
invented? And our proverbs! ‘One man who has been soundly thrashed is
worth two who have not been.’ ‘Simplicity is worse than thieving.’”

“So, according to you, the best way for a man to live is like an arrant
fool?” inquired Tikhon Ilitch with a sneer.

And Kuzma joyfully snapped up his words: “Well, that’s right, that’s
the idea! There’s nothing in the whole world so beggar-bare as we
are, and on the other hand there’s nobody more insolent on the ground
of that same nakedness. What’s the vicious way to insult a person?
Accuse ’em of poverty! Say: ‘You devil! You haven’t a morsel to eat.’
Here’s an illustration: Deniska--well, I mean the son of Syery, he’s a
cobbler--said to me the other day--”

“Wait a minute,” interrupted Tikhon Ilitch. “How’s Syery himself
getting on?”

“Deniska says he’s ‘perishing with hunger.’”

“A good-for-nothing peasant!” said Tikhon Ilitch with conviction.
“Don’t sing any of your songs about him to me.”

“I’m not singing!” retorted Kuzma angrily. “But I ought to do it.
For his name is Krasoff. However, that’s another story. You’d better
listen to what I have to say about Deniska. Well, he told me this:
‘Sometimes, in a famine year, we foremen would go to the neighbourhood
of the cemetery in the Black Suburb; and there those public women
were--regular troops of them. And they were hungry, the lean hags,
extremely hungry! If you gave one of them half a pound of bread for
her work she’d devour it to the last crumb, there under you. It was
downright ridiculous!’ Take note,” cried Kuzma sternly, pausing: “‘It
was downright ridiculous’!”

“Oh, stop it, for Christ’s sake!” Tikhon Ilitch interrupted again.
“Give me a chance to say a word about business!”

Kuzma stopped short. “Well, talk away,” said he. “Only, what are you
going to say? Tell him ‘You ought to do thus and so’? Not a bit of it!
If you give him money--that’s the end of it. Just think it over: they
have no fuel, they have nothing to eat, nothing to pay for a funeral.
That means,’tis your most sacred duty to give them some money--well,
and something more to boot: a few potatoes, a wagon-load or two of
straw. And hire the Bride. Send her here as my cook.”

And immediately Tikhon Ilitch felt as though a stone had been rolled
off his breast. He hastily drew out his purse, plucked out a ten-ruble
banknote, joyfully assented also to all the other suggestions. And
suddenly he asked once more, in a rapid distressed voice: “But didn’t
she poison him?”

Kuzma merely shrugged his shoulders by way of reply.

Whether she had poisoned him or not, it was a terrible matter to think
about. And Tikhon Ilitch went home as soon as it was light, through
the chill, misty morning, when the odour of damp threshing-floors and
smoke still hung in the air, while the cocks were crowing sleepily in
the haze-wrapped village, and the dogs lay sleeping on the porches, and
the old faded-yellow turkey still snoozed roosting on the bough of an
apple tree half stripped of its discoloured dead autumn leaves, by the
side of a house. In the fields nothing could be seen at a distance of
two paces, thanks to the dense white fog driven before the wind. Tikhon
Ilitch felt no desire to sleep, but he did feel exhausted, and as usual
whipped up his horse, a large brown mare with her tail tied up; she
was soaked with the moisture and appeared leaner, more dandified, and
blacker because of it. He turned his head away from the wind and raised
the cold wet collar of his overcoat on the right side, all glistening
like silver under tiny pearls of rain which covered it with a thick
veil. He observed, through the cold little drops which hung on his
eyelashes, how the sticky black loam was churned up in ever-increasing
density by his swiftly-revolving wheels, and how clods of mud, spurting
high in a regular fountain, hung in the air and did not disperse; how
they already began to adhere to his boots and knees. And he darted a
glance at the heaving haunches of his horse; at her ears laid flat back
against her head and darkened by the rain. And when, at last, his face
streaked with mud, he dashed up to his own house, the first thing that
met his eyes was Yakoff’s horse at the hitching-bar. Hastily knotting
the reins on the fore-carriage, he sprang from the runabout, ran to the
open door of the shop--and halted abruptly in terror.

“Blo-ockhead!” Nastasya Petrovna was saying from her place behind
the counter, in evident imitation of himself, Tikhon Ilitch, but in
an ailing, caressing voice, as she bent lower and lower over the
money-drawer and fumbled along the jingling coppers, unable, in the
darkness, to find coins for change. “Blockhead! Where could you get it
any cheaper, at the present time?” And, not finding the change, she
straightened up and looked at Yakoff, who stood before her in cap and
overcoat, but barefoot. She stared at his slightly elevated face and
scraggy beard of indeterminate hue, and added: “But didn’t she poison
him?”

And Yakoff mumbled in haste: “That’s no affair of ours, Petrovna.
The devil only knows. It’s none of our business. Our business, for
example--”

And Tikhon Ilitch’s hands shook all day long as that mumbling answer
recurred to his mind. Everybody, _everybody_, thought she had poisoned
him!

Fortunately, the secret remained a secret. The Sacrament was
administered to Rodka before he died. And the Bride wailed so sincerely
as she followed the coffin that it was positively indecent--for, of
course, that wailing should not be an expression of the feelings,
but the fulfilment of a rite. And little by little Tikhon Ilitch’s
perturbation subsided. But for a long time still he continued to go
about more gloomy than a thunder-cloud.




XIV


He was immersed to the throat in business--as usual--and he had no one
to help him. Nastasya Petrovna was of very little assistance. Tikhon
Ilitch never hired any labourers except “summer-workers” who were taken
on merely until the cattle were driven home from pasturage, and they
were already dispersed. Only the servants by the year remained--the
cook, the old watchman nicknamed “Chaff,” and Oska, a lad of seventeen
who was both lazy and ugly of disposition, “the Tsar of Heaven’s
dolt”--a most egregious fool. And how much attention the cattle alone
demanded! After the necessary sheep were slaughtered and salted down,
twenty remained to be cared for over the winter. There were six
black boar-pigs in the sty, eternally sullen and discontented over
something or other. In the barns stood three cows, a young bull, and
a red calf. In the yard were eleven horses, and in a box-stall stood
a grey stallion, a vicious, heavy, full-maned, broad-chested brute--a
half-breed, but worth four hundred rubles: his sire had a certificate,
and was worth fifteen hundred. And all these required constant and
careful oversight. But in his leisure moments Tikhon Ilitch was
devoured by melancholy and boredom.

The very sight of Nastasya Petrovna irritated him, and he was
constantly urging her to go away for a visit with acquaintances in
the town. And at last she made her preparations and went. But after
she was gone, somehow, he found things more boresome than ever. After
seeing her off, Tikhon Ilitch wandered aimlessly over the fields. Along
the highway, gun over shoulder, came the chief of the post-office
at Ulianovka, Sakharoff, famed because of his passion for ordering
by letter free price-lists--catalogues of guns, seeds, musical
instruments--and because of his manner of treating the peasants,
which was so savage that they were wont to say: “When you pass in a
letter, your hands and feet fairly shake!” Tikhon Ilitch went to the
edge of the highway to meet him. Elevating his brows, he gazed at the
postmaster and said to himself: “A fool of an old man. He slumps along
through the mud like an elephant.” But he called out, in friendly tones:

“Been hunting, Anton Markitch?”

The postmaster halted. Tikhon Ilitch approached and gave him a formal
greeting. “Had any luck, or not, I say?” he inquired, mockingly.

“Hunting, indeed! Nothing to hunt!” gloomily replied the postmaster, a
huge, round-shouldered man with thick grey hairs protruding from his
ears and his nostrils, huge eye-sockets, and deeply sunken eyes--a
regular gorilla. “I merely strolled out on account of my hæmorrhoids,”
he said, pronouncing the last word with special care.

“But bear in mind,” retorted Tikhon Ilitch with unexpected heat,
stretching forth his hand with the fingers outspread, “bear in mind
that our countryside has been completely devastated! Not so much as the
name of bird or beast is left, sir!”

“The forests have all been cut down,” remarked the postmaster.

“I should think they had been cut down, forsooth! Shaved off close to
the earth!” Tikhon Ilitch corroborated him. And all of a sudden he
added: “’Tis moulting, sir! Everything is moulting, sir!”

Why that word broke loose from his tongue, Tikhon Ilitch himself did
not know, but he felt that, nevertheless, it had not been uttered
without reason. “Everything’s moulting,” he said to himself, “exactly
like the cattle after a long, hard winter.” And after he had parted
from the postmaster he stood long on the highway, involuntarily gazing
about him. The rain had again begun to patter down; a disagreeable,
damp wind was blowing. Darkness was descending over the rolling
fields--the fields sown with winter-grain, the ploughed fields, the
stubble-fields, and the light brown groves of young trees.

The gloomy sky descended lower and lower over the earth. The roads,
flooded by the rain, gleamed with a leaden sheen. The post-train from
Moscow, which was an hour and a half late every day, was due at the
station. Only from the signal-bells, the humming sounds, the rumbling,
and the odour of coal and samovars in the yards, did Tikhon Ilitch know
that it had arrived and departed, for buildings screened the station
from view. The odour of samovars now remained, and that aroused a dim
longing for comfort, a warm clean room, a family--or the desire to go
away somewhere or other.

But this feeling was suddenly replaced by amazement. From the bare
Ulianovka forest a man emerged and directed his steps towards the
highway--a man in a round-topped hat and only a short roundabout coat.
On looking more closely, Tikhon Ilitch recognized Zhikhareff, the son
of a wealthy land-owner, who had long since become a thoroughgoing
drunkard. His heart contracted with pain. “Well, it makes no
difference,” thought Tikhon Ilitch sadly. “’Twill be best to chat a bit
with him and, in case of need, give him half a ruble. ’Tis not worth
while to anger the vagabond: he’s a spiteful fellow.”

But on this occasion Zhikhareff approached in a decidedly arrogant
frame of mind, bristling, but with his head, in its beggar’s hat,
thrown back, and chewing between his clenched jaws the mouth end of a
cigarette, long since smoked out and extinct. His face was blue with
the cold, puffy with drunkenness; his eyes were red, and his mustache
disheveled. He had turned up the collar of his short coat, which was
buttoned to the chin, and, with the tips of his fingers thrust into the
pockets, he was splashing along in a spirited manner through the mud.
His rusty, dilapidated high boots projected below his short trousers,
which were tightly strained over his knees.

“A--ah!” he drawled through his teeth, as he chewed his cigarette-butt.
“Whom do I see? Tikhon Fomitch[10] is looking over his domains!” And he
emitted a hoarse laugh.

“Good-day, Lyeff Lvovitch,” replied Tikhon Ilitch. “Are you waiting for
the train?”

“Yes, I am--and I never seem to hit it,” returned Zhikhareff, shrugging
his shoulders. “I’ve been waiting and waiting, and I got so bored that
I’ve been making the forester a little visit. We’ve been chattering and
smoking. But I’ve still a whole eternity to wait! Shall we not meet at
the station? I believe you are fond of putting something behind your
collar yourself?”

“God has been gracious,” replied Tikhon Ilitch, in the same tone he had
used before. “As for drinking--why shouldn’t a man drink a bit? Only,
he must pick the proper time.”

“Fudge and nonsense!” said Zhikhareff hoarsely, skipping across a
puddle with considerable agility, and he directed his course towards
the railway station at a leisurely pace.

His aspect was pitiful, and Tikhon Ilitch gazed long and with disgust
at his inadequate trousers, which hung down like bags from beneath his
short coat.




XV


During the night the rain poured down again, and it was so dark you
could not see your hand before your face. Tikhon Ilitch slept badly and
gritted his teeth in torture. He had a chill--evidently he had taken
cold by standing on the highway in the evening--and the overcoat which
he had thrown over himself slid off upon the floor, and immediately
he dreamed the same thing he had always dreamed ever since childhood,
whenever his back was cold: twilight, narrow alleys, a hurrying
throng, firemen galloping along in heavy carts drawn by vicious black
truck-horses. Once he woke up, struck a match, looked at the ticking
clock--it showed the hour of three--and picked up the overcoat; and,
as he fell asleep, the thought of Zhikhareff once more recurred
distressingly to his mind. And athwart his slumbers a persistent
thought obsessed him: that the shop was being looted and the horses
driven away.

Sometimes it seemed to him that he was at the Dankova posting-station,
that the nocturnal rain was pattering on the pent-house over the
gate, and that the little bell above it was being pulled and was
ringing incessantly--thieves had come and had led thither, through
the impenetrable darkness, his splendid stallion, and if they were
to discover his presence there, they would murder him. And again
consciousness of the reality would return to him. But even the reality
was alarming. The old watchman was walking about under the windows
with his mallet, but it seemed as if he were far, far away; as if the
sheep-dog, with choking growls, were rending some one--had rushed off
into the fields with tempestuous barking, and suddenly had presented
himself again under the windows and was trying to rouse him by standing
on one spot and barking violently. Then Tikhon Ilitch started to go
out and see what was the matter, whether everything were as it should
be. But as soon as he reached the point of making up his mind to rise,
the heavy slanting rain began to rattle more thickly and densely than
ever against the small dark windows, driven by the wind from the
dark and boundless fields, and sleep seemed to him the most precious
thing in the world. At last a door banged, a stream of damp, cold air
entered, and the watchman, Chaff, dragged a bundle of rustling straw
into the vestibule. Tikhon Ilitch opened his eyes: it was six o’clock,
the daylight was dull and wet, the tiny windows were misted over with
moisture.

“Make a little fire, my good man, make a little fire,” said Tikhon
Ilitch, his voice still hoarse with sleep. “Then we’ll go and feed the
cattle, and you can go to your place and sleep.”

The old man, who had grown thin over night and all blue with cold, the
dampness, and fatigue, gazed at him with sunken dead eyes. In his wet
cap, his short rain-drenched outer coat, and his ragged bast-slippers
soaked with mud and water, he growled out something in a dull tone
as he got down with difficulty on his knees in front of the stove,
stuffing it with the cold, fragrant bundle of straw and blowing on the
lighted mass.

“Well, has the cow bitten your tongue off?” shouted Tikhon Ilitch
hoarsely, as he climbed out of bed and picked up his coat from the
floor. “What’s that you’re muttering there to yourself?”

“I’ve been walking all night long, and now it’s ‘give the cattle their
fodder,’” mumbled the old man without raising his head, as if talking
to himself.

Tikhon Ilitch looked askance at him: “I saw the way you walked about!”

He felt worn out; nevertheless he put on his coat and, conquering a
petty fit of shivering in his bowels, went out on the porch, which was
covered with the footprints of the dogs, into the icy chill of the pale
stormy morning. Everywhere the ground was flooded with lead-coloured
puddles; all the walls had turned dark with the rain.

“A nice lot; these workmen!” he said to himself angrily.

It was barely drizzling. “But surely it will be pouring again by noon,”
he said to himself. And he glanced with surprise at shaggy Buyan, who
dashed toward him from under the granary. His paws were muddy, but
he himself was boiling with excitement, his eyes were sparkling, his
tongue was fresh and red as fire, his healthy hot breath fairly exuding
the odour of dog. And that after racing about and barking all night
long!

He took Buyan by the collar and, slopping through the mud, made the
rounds, inspecting all the locks. Then he chained the dog under the
granary, returned to his ante-room, and glanced into the roomy kitchen,
the cottage proper. The cottage had a hot, repulsive odour; the cook
lay fast asleep on a bare box-bench, beneath the holy pictures, her
face covered with her apron, her loins displayed, and her legs clad in
huge old felt boots, the soles thickly plastered with the dirt from the
earthen floors. Oska lay on the sleeping-board face downward, fully
dressed, in his short sheepskin coat and his bast-slippers, his head
buried in a heavy, soiled pillow.

“That devil has been at the lad!” thought Tikhon Ilitch with disgust.
“Just look at her--at her nasty debauch all night long--and towards
morning, off she goes to the bench!”

And after a survey of the black walls, the tiny windows, the tub filled
with dirty dish-water, the huge broad-shouldered stove, he shouted
loudly and harshly: “Hey, there! My noble lords! You ought to know when
you’ve had enough!”

While the cook, scratching herself and yawning, heated the stove,
boiled some potatoes for the pigs, and got the samovar alight, Oska,
minus his cap and stumbling with sleep, dragged bran for the horses
and cows. Tikhon Ilitch himself unlocked the creaking doors of the
stable and was the first to enter its warm, dirty comfort, surrounded
by sheds, enclosures, and styes. The stable was ankle-deep in manure.
Dung, urine, and rain had all run together and formed a thick,
light-brown fluid. The horses, already darkening with their velvety
winter coats, were roaming about under the pent-houses. The sheep,
of a dirty-grey hue, were huddled in an agitated mass in one corner.
An old brown gelding dozed in isolation alongside his empty manger,
smeared with dough. The drizzling rain fell and fell interminably upon
the square farmyard from the unfriendly, stormy sky, but the gelding
paid no heed to anything. The pigs moaned and grunted in an ailing,
persistent way in their pen.

“’Tis deadly boresome!” thought Tikhon Ilitch, and immediately emitted
a fierce yell at the old man, who was dragging along a bundle of
grain-straw: “Why are you dragging that through the mud, you vile
profligate?”

The old man flung the bundle of straw on the ground, looked him over,
and all at once remarked quietly: “I’m listening to a vile profligate.”

Tikhon Ilitch cast a swift glance around, to see whether the lad had
gone out, and, on convincing himself that he had, stepped up to the old
man and with apparent calmness gave him such a thwack in the teeth that
his head shook to and fro, seized him by the collar, and hustled him to
the gate with all his might. “Begone!” he bawled, panting for breath
and turning as white as chalk. “Don’t let me ever catch so much as the
smell of you here in the future, you cursed tatterdemalion!”

The old man flew through the gate, and five minutes later, his bag
on his shoulders and a stick in his hand, he was striding along the
highway to his home in Ulianovka. Meanwhile Tikhon Ilitch, with shaking
hands, had watered the stallion, had himself given the animal his
portion of fresh oats--he had merely turned yesterday’s oats over with
his muzzle and slobbered on them--and with long strides, through the
liquid mess and the manure, had betaken himself to his cottage.

“Are things ready?” he inquired, opening the door a crack.

“There’s no hurry!” snarled the cook.

The cottage was beclouded with a warm, sweetish steam emanating from
the pot where the potatoes were boiling. The cook, assisted by the lad,
was energetically mashing them with a pestle, sprinkling in flour the
while, and Tikhon Ilitch did not hear the reply because of the noise.
Slamming the door, he went to drink his tea.




XVI


In the tiny ante-room he pushed aside with his foot a heavy, dirty
horsecloth which lay across the threshold and went to one corner,
where, over a stool surmounted by a pewter basin, a brass washstand
was fastened, while on a small shelf lay a small, clammy piece of
cocoanut-oil soap. As he rattled the water-tank, squinted, frowned,
and puffed out his nostrils, he was not able to refrain from a
malicious fugitive glance, and he remarked with peculiar distinctness:
“H’m! No, who ever saw the like of the labourers? There’s no getting
on with them at all nowadays! Say one word to such a fellow, and
he’ll come back at you with ten words! Say a dozen to him, and he’ll
fling you back a hundred! They’re gone dead crazy! Though it isn’t
summer time, there’s plenty of you to be had, you devils! You’ll want
something to eat for the winter, brother--you’ll come, you son of a
dog, you’ll co-ome, and bow lo-o-ow in entreaty!”

The towel, which served for the master as well as for the
lodger-travellers, had been hanging beside the water-tank since St.
Michael’s Day. It was so filthy that Tikhon Ilitch gritted his teeth
when he looked at it. “Okh!” he ejaculated, closing his eyes and
shaking his head. “Ugh! Holy Mother, Queen of Heaven!” And hurling the
towel on the floor, he wiped himself on the embroidered skirt of his
shirt, which flapped outside his waistcoat.

Two doors opened from the ante-room. One, on the left, led to the
room assigned to travellers, which was long, half-dark, and with tiny
windows that looked out on the barn; in it stood two large divans,
hard as stone, covered with black oilcloth, filled more than full with
living and with crushed and dried bugs, while on the partition-wall
hung the portrait of some general with fierce beaver-like side
whiskers. This portrait was bordered with small portraits of heroes of
the Russo-Turkish war, and underneath was an inscription: “Long will
our children and our dear Slavic brethren remember the glorious deeds;
how our father, the courageous Suleiman Pasha, crushed and conquered
the treacherous foemen and marched with his lads along such crags as
only clouds and the feathered Kings of the air were wont to scale.” The
second door led into the master’s room. There, on the right alongside
the door, glittered the glass of a cupboard, on the left a stove-bench
gleamed white; the stove had cracked at some past day, and over the
white it had been smeared with clay, which had imparted to it the
outline of something resembling a thin, dislocated man, which seriously
displeased Tikhon Ilitch. Beyond the stove rose aloft a double bed:
above the bed was nailed up a rug of dull-green and brick-coloured
wool, bearing the image of a tiger with whiskers and ears which stood
erect like those of a cat. Opposite the door, against the wall,
stood a chest of drawers covered with a knitted tablecloth, and on
the tablecloth Nastasya Petrovna’s wedding-casket. In the casket lay
contracts with the labourers, phials containing medicines long since
spoiled with age, matches.

“Wanted in the shop!” screamed the cook, opening the door a crack.

“There’s no hurry--the goats in the bazaar can wait!” replied Tikhon
Ilitch wrathfully--but he hurried out.

The distance was veiled by a watery mist; the effect resembled that of
twilight. The rain still drizzled on, but the wind had veered round;
it was now blowing from the North, and the air had grown colder. The
freight train, which was just pulling out of the station, rattled more
cheerfully and resoundingly than it had for many days past.

“’Morning, Ilitch,” said the hare-lipped peasant, who was holding a wet
piebald horse at the porch, as he nodded his soaking fur cap, which was
of the tall Mandzhurian shape.

“’Morning,” nodded Tikhon Ilitch, casting a sidelong glance at the
strong white tooth which gleamed through the peasant’s cleft lip. “What
do you need?” And, hastily providing the salt and kerosene required, he
hurried back to his chamber. “The dogs, they don’t give a man time to
make the sign of the cross on his brow!” he grumbled as he went.

The samovar, which stood on a table against the partition-wall, was
bubbling and boiling hard; the small mirror which hung above the table
was enveloped in a thin layer of white steam. The windows and the
chromo-lithograph which was nailed to the wall under the mirror--it
depicted a giant in a yellow kaftan and red morocco boots, with a
Russian banner in his hand, from beneath which peeped the towers and
domes of the Moscow Kremlin--were also veiled in steam. Photographic
portraits framed in shell-work surrounded this picture. In the place of
honour hung the portrait of a priest in a moiré cassock, with a small,
sparse beard, plump cheeks, and extremely small penetrating eyes. And,
with a glance at him, Tikhon Ilitch crossed himself violently towards
the holy pictures in the corner. Then he removed from the samovar a
smoke-begrimed teapot and poured out a cup of tea, which smelled very
much like a steamed bathroom.

“They don’t give a man a chance to cross himself,” he said, wrinkling
his face with the expression of a person suffering martyrdom. “They
fairly cut my throat, curse them!”

It seemed as if there were something which he ought to call to mind,
to take under consideration, or as if he ought simply to go to bed and
get a good sleep. He longed for warmth, repose, clearness, firmness of
thought. He rose, went to the glass cupboard with its rattling panes
and cups and saucers, and took from one of the shelves a bottle of
liqueur flavoured with mountain-ash berries and a cask-shaped glass on
which was inscribed: “Even monks take this.” “But perhaps I oughtn’t,”
he said aloud. However, he lacked firmness. Through his mind, against
his will, flashed the old saw: “Drink and you’ll die, and don’t drink
and you’ll die just the same.” So he poured out a glassful and tossed
it off, poured out another and gulped that down, also. And, munching at
a thick cracknel, he sat down at the table.

He became conscious of an agreeable burning sensation inside, and
eagerly sipped the boiling tea from his saucer, sucking at a lump of
sugar which he held in his teeth. He felt better, so far as his body
was concerned. But his soul went on living its own life, which was
both gloomy and melancholy. Thoughts followed thoughts, but there was
no sense in them. As he sipped his tea, he cast an abstracted and
suspicious glance sidelong at the partition-wall, at the man in the
yellow kaftan, at the photographs in the shell-work frames, and even at
the priest in his watered-silk cassock. “Lerigion means nothing to us
pigs!” he said to himself; and, as though by way of justifying himself
to some one, he added roughly: “Just you try living in the village, and
drinking sparkling kvas, like us!”

As he gazed askance at the priest he felt that everything was dubious;
even his habitual reverence for that priest seemed doubtful, not
founded on reason. When one really came to think about it....

But at this point he made haste to transfer his glance to the Moscow
Kremlin. “Shame on me!” he muttered. “I’ve never been in Moscow since
I was born!” No, he had not. And why? His pigs wouldn’t let him! Now
it was his petty trading which hindered, now the posting-station, then
the pot-house, then Durnovka. And now he could not get away because of
the stallion and the boar-pigs. But why speak of Moscow? For the last
ten years he had been intending, without success, to get as far as the
little birch grove that lay the other side of the highway. He had kept
on hoping that somehow or other he would manage to tear himself free
for an evening, carry a rug and samovar with him, sit on the grass in
the cool air, in the greenery--and he simply had not been able to get
away. The days flowed past like water between the fingers, and before
one had time to gather one’s wits together, one’s fiftieth year had
knocked at the door, and that meant the end of everything, and it
didn’t seem so very long ago that one was running about without any
breeches, did it? Just as if it had been yesterday!




XVII


The faces gazed out in complete immobility from their shell-work
frames. Here was a scene which had never taken place and could
not take place: In the field, amid the thick-growing rye, lay two
persons--Tikhon Ilitch himself and a young merchant named Rostovtzeff,
holding in their hands glasses exactly half filled with dark beer.
What a close friendship had sprung up between Rostovtzeff and Tikhon
Ilitch! How well he remembered that grey day in Carnival Week when
the picture was taken! But in what year had that happened? What had
become of Rostovtzeff? Perhaps he had died in Voronezh--and now no
one knew for a certainty whether he were still alive in this world or
not. And yonder stood three petty burghers, drawn up in military style
and perfectly wooden, with their hair parted in the middle and very
smooth, dressed in embroidered Russian shirts opening at the side and
long coats, with their boots well polished--Butchneff, Vystavkin, and
Bogomoloff. Vystavkin, the one in the middle, was holding in front
of his breast the bread and salt of hospitality on a wooden platter,
covered with a towel embroidered with cocks, while Butchneff and
Bogomoloff each held a holy picture. They had been photographed on a
dusty, windy day, when the grain-elevator had been blessed--when the
Bishop and the Governor had come for the ceremony, when Tikhon Ilitch
had felt so proud that he had been one of the crowd appointed to greet
the officials. But what had his memory retained about that day? Merely
this--that they had waited beside the elevator for five hours, on the
new brown rails of the track, that the white dust had been blown in
clouds by the wind, that the railway carriages and the trees were all
covered with dust, that the Governor, a long, lean man, exactly like
a corpse in white trousers with gold stripes, a uniform embroidered
in gold, and a three-cornered hat, walked towards the deputation in a
remarkably deliberate manner--that it was very alarming when he began
to speak as he accepted the bread and salt, that every one had been
surprised at the thinness and whiteness of his hands, and the skin on
them, as delicate and gleaming as the hide stripped from a snake, the
brilliant, polished gold rings and rings with gems on his dry, slender
fingers with their long transparent nails. Now that Governor was no
longer among the living, and Vystavkin was dead, also. And in another
five or ten years people would be saying, in speaking of Tikhon Ilitch,
too: “The late Tikhon Ilitch.”

The room had grown warmer and more cosy, now that the stove had got
to going well; the little mirror had cleared off; but nothing was
to be seen through the windows, which were white with a dull steam,
indicating that the weather had grown colder outside. The insistent
grunting of the hungry pigs made itself more and more audible. And
suddenly the grunt was transmuted into a mighty unanimous roar:
obviously the pigs had heard the voices of the cook and Oska, who were
lugging to them the heavy tub with their mess. And, without finishing
his reflections on death, Tikhon Ilitch flung his cigarette into the
slop-basin, drew on his overcoat, and hurried out to the barn. With
long strides, sinking deep in the sloppy manure, he opened the door
of the sty with his own hands, and for a long time kept his greedy,
melancholy eyes riveted on the pigs, which hurled themselves on the
trough into which the steaming mess had been poured.

The thought of death had been interrupted by another: “the late,” as
applied to himself, was all right, but possibly this particular dead
man might serve as an example. Who had he been? An orphan, a beggar,
who had often had no bread to eat for a couple of days at a stretch.
But now? “Your biography ought to be written,” Kuzma had said one day,
in jest. But there was no occasion for jesting, if you please. He must
have had a noddle on his shoulders, if the wretched little urchin who
barely knew how to read had turned out not Tishka, but Tikhon Ilitch:
that was what it meant.

But all of a sudden the cook, who had also been staring intently
at the pigs as they jostled one another and got their forefeet into
the trough, hiccoughed and remarked: “Okh, O Lord! I only hope some
calamity won’t happen to us today! Last night I had a dream--I thought
cattle were being driven into our farmyard: sheep, cows, all sorts of
pigs were being driven to us. And they were all black, every last one
of them was black!”

And once more his heart sank within him. Yes, there were those cattle!
The cattle alone were enough to drive a man to hang himself. Not three
hours had elapsed--and again you had to seize your keys, again drag
fodder for the whole farmyard. In the common stall were three milch
cows; in special stalls were the red calf and the bull Bismarck: now
they must be supplied with hay. The horse and sheep got bran for their
dinner, but the stallion--the devil himself couldn’t tell what that
beast wanted! He was completely spoiled. He thrust his muzzle against
the grated top of his door, sniffed at something, and made grimaces:
he curled back his upper lip, bared his rose-coloured gums and white
teeth, distorted his nostrils. And Tikhon Ilitch, in a rage which
surprised even himself, suddenly yelled at him: “You spoiled pet, curse
you, may the lightning strike you!”

Again he had got his feet wet; he had a chill; it began to sleet--and
again he had recourse to the mountain-ash-berry brandy. He ate some
potatoes with sunflower-seed oil, and salted cucumbers, sour cabbage
soup with mushrooms added to it, and wheat groats. His face got red,
his head grew heavy.




XVIII


He began to feel drowsy, thanks to the vodka, what he had eaten,
and his incoherent thoughts. Without undressing, merely pulling his
muddy boots off by the simple expedient of rubbing one foot against
the other, he threw himself on his bed. But he was disturbed by the
necessity of rising again almost immediately: before night oat-straw
must be given to the horses, the cows, and the sheep, and also to the
stallion--or, no, it would be better to mix it with hay and moisten
and salt it well. Only, if he let himself go he would certainly fall
asleep. Tikhon Ilitch reached out to the chest of drawers, grasped the
alarm-clock, and began to wind it up. And the alarm-clock came to life
and began to tick--and the atmosphere in the chamber seemed to become
more tranquil, more cheerful, under the influence of its rapid, even
ticking. His thoughts began to get confused.

But no sooner had they become drowsily obscure than a rough, loud
sound of ecclesiastical chanting suddenly made itself audible. Opening
his eyes with a start, Tikhon Ilitch at first could make out only
one thing: two peasants were roaring through their noses, and a gust
of cold air mingled with the odour of wet great-coats penetrated
from the ante-room. Then he sprang up, sat on the side of his bed,
and scrutinized the peasants to see what sort of men they were, and
suddenly became conscious that his heart had started beating. One was
blind--a big pock-marked fellow with a small nose, a long upper lip,
and a large round skull--and the second was none other than Makar
Ivanovitch!

Makar Ivanovitch had been known, once on a time, as Makarka--everybody
called him “Makar-the-Pilgrim”--and one day he entered Tikhon Ilitch’s
dram-shop. He was roaming somewhither along the highway, arrayed in
bast-slippers, a pointed skull-cap of ecclesiastical cut, and a dirty
under-cassock--and he had entered. In his hand was a long staff,
painted the hue of verdigris, with a cross on its upper extremity and
a spear-like point at its lower, a wallet and a soldier’s canteen on
his back; his face was broad and the colour of cement, his nostrils
were like two gun-barrels, his nose was broken across the middle like a
saddle-tree, and his eyes were of the sort which often goes with such
noses, light-hued and sharply brilliant. Shameless, shrewd, greedily
smoking one cigarette after another and emitting the smoke through his
nostrils, speaking in a rough, abrupt tone which completely excluded
any reply, he had made an extremely pleasant impression on Tikhon
Ilitch, in particular by that tone, because it was immediately evident
that he was “a thoroughgoing rascal.”

So Tikon Ilitch kept him with him as his assistant. He removed his
tramp’s garb and kept him. But Makarka turned out to be such a thief
that it became necessary to give him a severe thrashing and turn him
out. A year later Makarka rendered himself famous throughout the
entire county by his prophecies--prophecies so ill-omened that people
began to dread his visits as they dreaded fire. He would walk up under
some one’s window and snufflingly strike up, “Give rest with the
Saints,” or would make a present of a fragment of incense or a pinch of
dust--and, infallibly, that house soon had a corpse.

Now Makarka, in his original garb, staff in hand, was standing on the
threshold and chanting. The blind man was chiming in, rolling his
milky eyes up under his lids the while, and Tikhon Ilitch, judging
merely from his ill-proportioned features, immediately set him down as
a runaway convict, a terrible and ruthless wild beast. But what these
vagabonds were singing was even more terrible. The blind man, gloomily
twitching his uplifted brows, sang out boldly, in a nasty, snuffling
tenor voice. Makarka, his immovable eyes flashing, boomed along in a
savage basso. The effect was immeasurably loud, roughly melodious,
antiquely ecclesiastical, powerful, and menacing:

  “Damp Mother-Earth is weeping heavily, is sobbing!”

sang the blind man.

  “Is Wee-p-i-i-ng hea-vi-ly, is sob-bing!”

Makarka repeated sharply, with conviction.

  “Before the Saviour, before His image--”

roared the blind man.

  “Perchance the sinners will repent!”

threatened Makarka, inflating his insolent nostrils And merging his
basso with the blind man’s tenor, he articulated distinctly:

  “They shall not escape God’s judgment!
  They shall not escape the fires eternal!”

And suddenly he broke off--in accord with the blind man--cleared his
throat, and simply, in his habitual insolent tone, demanded: “Give us
a contribution, merchant, to warm us up.” Thereupon, without waiting
for a reply, he strode across the threshold, marched up to the bed, and
thrust a small picture into Tikhon Ilitch’s hand.

It was a simple clipping from an illustrated journal, but, as he
glanced at it, Tikhon Ilitch felt a sudden pain in his lower breast.
Beneath the picture, which depicted trees bending before the tempest,
a white zig-zag athwart the storm-cloud, and a falling man, was the
inscription: “Jean-Paul Richter, killed by lightning.”

And Tikhon Ilitch was dumbfounded.

But he immediately recovered himself. “Akh, the scoundrel!” he said to
himself, and he slowly tore the picture into tiny bits. Then he got
out of bed and, drawing on his boots, said: “Go scare some one who
is a bigger fool than I am. I know you well, you see, my good man!
Here--take what’s right, and--God be with you!” Then he went into the
shop, carried out to Makarka, who was standing with the blind man near
the porch, a couple of pounds of cracknels and a couple of herrings,
and repeated once more, sternly: “The Lord be with you!”

“And how about some tobacco?” audaciously demanded Makarka.

“I have only a scant supply of it on hand for myself.”

Makarka grinned.

“Correct!” said he. “That means--furnish your own tobacco, I’ll give
the paper--and let’s have a smoke!”

“Behind the dram-shop in the town tobacco grows on the bushes,”
retorted Tikhon Ilitch curtly. “You can’t outdo me in foul language, my
good man!” And, after a pause, he added: “Hanging’s too good for you,
Makarka, after the tricks you’ve played!”

Makarka surveyed the blind man, who was standing erect, firmly planted
with brows elevated, and asked him: “Man of God, what ought we to do,
think you? Strangle him or shoot him?”

“Shooting’s surer,” replied the blind man gravely. “At any rate, that’s
the most direct road.”




XIX


It was growing dark, the thick layers of clouds were turning blue
and cold, and there was a touch of winter in the air. The mud was
congealing. Having got rid of Makarka, Tikhon Ilitch stamped his
frost-bitten feet on the porch and entered the house. There, without
removing his coat and cap, he seated himself on a chair near the
little window, began to smoke, and again became immersed in thought.
He recalled to mind the summer, the rebellion, the Bride, his brother,
his wife--and that, so far, he had not paid off his farmhands for
their season’s work. It was his custom to delay payment. The young
girls and children who came to him on daily wages stood for days on
end at his threshold, complained of their extreme need, waxed angry,
sometimes made insolent remarks. But he was inexorable. He shouted and
called upon God to witness that he had only two coppers in his house.
“Search and see if you can find any more!”--and he turned his pockets
and his purse inside out and spat in feigned wrath, as though amazed
by the distrust, the “dishonesty” of the suppliants. But now that
custom seemed to him the opposite of good. He had been ruthlessly harsh
with his wife, and cold, and so complete a stranger to her that, at
times, he utterly forgot her existence. And now, all of a sudden, this
astonished him: good God, why, he had not even the least idea what sort
of person she was! If she were to die that day, he would not be able to
say two words as to why she had lived, what she had thought, what she
had felt throughout all the long years she had lived with him--those
years which had merged themselves into a single year, and had flashed
past in ceaseless cares and anxieties. And what had he to show for all
those worries? He threw away his cigarette, and lighted a fresh one.
Ugh, but that Makarka was a clever beast! and, once granted that he
was clever, why wasn’t it possible that he might be able to foresee
things--when something was coming, and what it was, and to whom?
Something abominable was, indubitably, awaiting him, Tikhon Ilitch. For
one thing, he was no longer a young man. How many of his contemporaries
were in the other world! And from death and old age there is no escape!
Not even children would have saved him. And he would not have known the
children, and the children would have found him as much of a stranger
as he had been to all those, alive or dead, who had been nearly
connected with him. There were as many people on the earth as there
are stars in the sky; but life is short, people come into being, grow
up, and die so rapidly, are so slightly acquainted with one another,
and so quickly forget all that has happened to them, that it is enough
to drive a man crazy if he once sets about considering the matter
attentively! Only quite recently he had said to himself: “My life ought
to be written up....” But what was there to write about? Nothing.
Nothing at all, or nothing of any consequence. Why, he himself could
recall scarcely anything of that life. For example, he had completely
forgotten his childhood: once in a while, it is true, a fleeting memory
would flash across his mind of some summer day, some incident, some
playfellow. Once he had singed somebody’s cat--and had been whipped for
it. Some one had given him a little whip with a bird-call whistle in
the handle, and it had made him indescribably happy. His drunken father
had a special way of calling to him--caressingly, his voice laden with
sadness: “Come to me, Tisha, come, dear lad!” Then, suddenly, he would
grab him by the hair....

If Ilya Mironoff, the huckster, had still been alive, Tikhon Ilitch
would have supported him out of kindness, and would have known nothing
about him, and would barely have noticed his existence. It had been the
same way with his mother. Ask him now: “Do you remember your mother?”
and he would answer: “I remember some crooked old woman who dried
the manure and kept the stove hot, tippled in secret, and grumbled.”
Nothing more. He had served nearly ten years with Matorin, but that
decade had melted together into about a day or two: the fine April
rain pattering down and speckling the sheets of iron which, rattling
and clanging, were being loaded into a cart alongside the neighbouring
shop; a grey, frosty noonday, the pigeons alighting in a noisy flock
upon the snow beside the shop of another neighbour who dealt in flour,
groats, and bran, crowding together, cooing and flapping their wings,
while he and his brother whipped with an ox-tail a peg-top spinning on
the threshold. Matorin was young, then, and robust, and purplish-red of
complexion, with his chin cleanly shaven and sandy side-whiskers cut
down to half-length. Now he was poor; he ambled about with the walk of
an old man, his great-coat faded by the sun, and his capacious cap;
ambled from shop to shop, from one acquaintance to another, played
checkers, lounged in Daeff’s eating-house, drank a little, got tipsy
and loquacious: “We are pretty folks: we’ve drunk, and eaten, and paid
our score--and off we go, home!” And, on encountering Tikhon Ilitch, he
did not immediately recognize him, but would smile woefully and say:
“Is that really you, Tisha?”

And Tikhon Ilitch himself had not recognized his own brother when first
they met that autumn: “Can that be Kuzma, with whom I roamed for so
many years about the fields, the villages, and the bye-lanes?”

(“How old you have grown, brother!”

“I have, a bit.”

“And how early!”

“That’s because I’m a Russian. That happens quickly with us.”)

And, great heavens, how everything had changed since the days when they
had been roving peddlers! How dreadfully unlike was the present Tikhon
Ilitch to the half-gipsy huckster Tisha, swarthy as a black-beetle,
reckless, and merry!

As he lighted his third cigarette, Tikhon Ilitch stared fixedly and
questioningly out of the tiny window:

“Can it be like this in other lands?”

No, it could not be the same. Men of his acquaintance had been
abroad--there was merchant Rukavishnikoff, for instance--and they
had told him things. And even aside from Rukavishnikoff, one could
put things together. Take the Germans of the towns, or the Jews: all
conduct themselves reasonably, are punctual, all know one another, all
are friends--and that not alone in a state of intoxication--and all
are mutually helpful: if they are separated, they write letters to
one another all their lives long and exchange portraits of fathers,
mothers, acquaintances from family to family; they teach their
children, love them, walk with them, talk with them as with equals so
that the child has something to remember. But with us, all are enemies
of one another, every one envies and slanders every one else, goes to
see acquaintances once a year, sits apart, each in his kennel; all
bustle about like madmen when any one drops in for a visit, and dash
around to put the rooms in order. But what’s the truth of the matter?
They begrudge the guest a spoonful of preserves! The guest will not
drink a second cup of tea without being specially invited. Ugh, you
slant-eyed Kirghizi! You yellow-haired Mordvinians! You savages!

Some one’s troika-team drove past the windows. Tikhon Ilitch
scrutinized it attentively. The horses were emaciated but obviously
mettlesome. The tarantas was in good condition. Whose could it be?
No one in the immediate neighbourhood owned such a troika. The
neighbouring landed proprietors were so indignant that they sat for
three days at a stretch without bread, had sold the last scrap of
vestments from their holy pictures, had not a farthing wherewith to
replace broken glass or mend the roof; instead they stuffed cushions
into the window-frames and set bread-troughs and buckets all over the
floor when rain came on--and it poured through the ceilings as through
a sieve. Then Deniska the cobbler passed. Where was he going? And what
was that he had with him? That couldn’t be a valise he was carrying?
Okh, there’s a fool for you, forgive my sin, O Lord!




XX


Mechanically Tikhon Ilitch threw his great-coat on over his jacket,
thrust his feet into overshoes, and went out on the porch. On emerging
he inhaled a deep breath of fresh air in the bluish early winter
twilight, then halted once more and sat down on the bench. Yes, there
was another nice family--the Grey Man, Syery, and his son! Tikhon
Ilitch traversed in thought the road which Deniska had traversed in the
mud, with that valise in his hand. He descried Durnovka, his manor, the
ravine, the peasant cottages, the descending twilight, the light in
his brother’s room, the lights among the peasant dwellings. Kuzma was
probably sitting and reading. The Bride was standing in the dark, cold
ante-room near the faintly-heated stove, warming her hands, her back,
waiting until she should be told “Bring the supper!” and, with her dry
lips, already grown old and pursed up, was thinking--of what? Perchance
of Rodka? ’Twas a lie, all that about her having poisoned Rodka--a lie!
But if she did poison him--

Oh, Lord God! If she did poison him, what must she be feeling? What a
heavy tombstone lay upon her strange, reticent soul! And how had that
come about upon which she had decided, crazed by hatred of Rodka and of
his brutal beatings--possibly, also, by her outraged feelings toward
him, Tikhon Ilitch, and her disgrace, and the fear that Rodka would
eventually hear of that disgrace? Okh, and he had been in the habit of
beating her! And Tikhon Ilitch had played a fine part, too. And God
would surely punish him, too.

With his mind’s eye he cast a glance from the porch of his Durnovka
manor house, at Durnovka--a rebel, also!--at the black cottages
scattered over the declivity beyond the ravine, at the threshing floors
and bushes in their back yards. Beyond the houses to the left, on the
horizon, stood a railway watch-tower. Past it, in the twilight, a train
was running, and with it ran a chain of fiery eyes. Then eyes began to
shine out from the cottages. It grew darker; one began to feel more
comfortable--yet a disagreeable sensation stirred every time one cast
a glance at the cottages of the Bride and the Grey Man, which stood
almost in the centre of Durnovka, separated only by three houses. There
was no light in either of them. And it was that way nearly all winter
long! The Grey Man’s small children frolicked with joy and wonder when
he managed, on some lucky evening, to burn a light in the cottage.

“Yes, ’tis sinful!” said Tikhon Ilitch firmly, and rose from his seat.
“Yes, ’tis wicked! I must give them at least a little help,” he said,
as he wended his way towards the station.

The air was frosty, and the odour of the samovar which was wafted from
the station was more fragrant than it had been on the preceding day.
The lights at the gate were burning more brightly beyond the trees,
which had been smartly frost-bitten and were almost bare, tinted by a
little scanty foliage.

The sleighbells on the troika pealed more sonorously. A capital team
of horses, those three! On the contrary, it was painful to look at the
wretched nags of the peasant cabmen, their tiny vehicles mounted on
half-crumbling, misshapen wheels, plastered with mud. The door to the
railway station was squeaking and dully banging beyond the palisade.
Making his way around it, Tikhon Ilitch ascended the lofty stone
platform, on which a copper samovar of a couple of buckets’ capacity
was hissing, its grating glowing red like fiery teeth; and immediately
came upon the person of whom he was in search--that is, Deniska.

Deniska, his head bowed in thought, was standing on the platform and
holding in his right hand a cheap grey valise, lavishly studded with
tin nailheads and bound about with a rope. Deniska was wearing an
under-jacket, an old and, evidently, a very heavy garment with pendant
shoulders and a very low waist-line, a new peaked cap, and dilapidated
boots. His figure was badly built; his legs were extremely short in
comparison with his body: “I have nothing but a body,” he sometimes
said of himself, with a laugh. Now, with that low waist-line and those
broken boots, his legs looked shorter than ever.

“Denis?” shouted Tikhon Ilitch. “What are you doing here?”

Deniska, who was never surprised at anything, raised his dark and
languid eyes with their long lashes, looked at him with a melancholy
grin, and pulled the cap from his hair. His hair was mouse-coloured and
immeasurably thick; his face was earthy in hue and bore the appearance
of having been greased, but his eyes were handsome.

“Good Morning, Tikhon Ilitch,” he replied, in a sing-song citified
tenor voice, and, as usual, rather shyly. “I’m going to--what d’ye call
it?--to Tula.”

“But why, if you permit me to ask?”

“Maybe some sort of a job will turn up there.”

Tikhon Ilitch surveyed him. In his hand was the valise; from the pocket
of his long-skirted waistcoat protruded sundry little books in green
and red covers, twisted into a roll. The waistcoat must belong to some
one else. “You’re no dandy to make an impression in Tula!”

Deniska also cast an appraising eye over himself.

“The waistcoat, you mean?” he inquired modestly. “Well, when I earn
some money in Tula, I’ll buy myself a hussar jacket. I did pretty well
during the summer. I sold newspapers.”

Tikhon Ilitch nodded in the direction of the valise: “What’s that
contraption you have there?”

Deniska lowered his eyelashes. “I bought myself a volish, sir.”

“Well, you can’t possibly go about in a hussar jacket without a
valise!” said Tikhon Ilitch scoffingly. “And what’s that you’ve got in
your pocket?”

“Nothing much--just a lot of small stuff.”

“Let me look at it.”

Deniska set down his valise on the platform and pulled the little
books out of his pocket. Tikhon Ilitch took them and examined them
attentively. There was the song-book “Marusya,” “The Woman Debauchee,”
“An Innocent Young Girl in the Clutches of Violence,” “Congratulatory
Verses to Parents, Teachers, and Benefactors,” “The Rôle--”

At this point Tikhon Ilitch faltered, but Deniska, who was watching
closely, briskly and modestly prompted him: “The Rôle of the
Proletariat in Russia.”

Tikhon Ilitch shook his head. “Here’s something new! Not a mouthful of
food, but you buy yourself a valise and nasty little books. Truly,’tis
not for nothing that folks call you an agitator. They say you are
constantly reviling the Tsar! Look out, brother!”

“Well, ’tis not so costly as buying an estate,” replied Deniska, with
a melancholy grin. “They are good little books. And I haven’t touched
the Tsar. They tell lies about me as if I were dead and couldn’t defend
myself. But I never had any such thing in my thoughts. Am I a lunatic?”

The door-pulley creaked, and the station watchman made his
appearance--a discharged soldier, grey-haired, afflicted with a hoarse,
whistling asthma--also the restaurant keeper, a fat man with puffy eyes
and greasy hair.

“Step aside, Messrs. Merchants, let me get the samovar.” Deniska
stepped aside and again grasped the handle of his valise.

“You stole that somewhere, I suppose?” asked Tikhon Ilitch, nodding
towards the valise, and thinking of the business upon which he had come
to the station.

Deniska bent his head but made no reply.

“And it’s empty, of course?”

Deniska broke into a laugh.

“Yes, it’s empty.”

“Were you turned out of your place?”

“I left of my own accord.”

Tikhon Ilitch heaved a sigh. “The living image of his father!” said he.
“That one was always exactly like that: Pitch him out of a place by the
scruff of his neck, and he’d tell you--‘I left of my own accord.’”

“May I drop dead right before your eyes if I’m lying.”

“Well, all right, all right. Have you been at home?”

“Yes, two weeks.”

“Is your father out of work again?”

“Yes, he is out of work naow.”

“Naow!” Tikhon Ilitch mimicked him. “A wooden-headed village! And a
revolutionary to boot! You’re trying to play the wolf, but your dog’s
tail betrays you.”

“I rather think you come from the same litter,” Deniska said to
himself, with a faint grin, keeping his head down.

“That means, the Grey Man is sitting at home smoking?”

“He’s a worthless fellow!” said Deniska with conviction.

Tikhon Ilitch rapped him on the head with his knuckles. “You might, at
least, not exhibit your stupidity! Who speaks of his father like that?”

“He ought to be called an old dog, not a daddy,” replied Deniska
calmly. “If he’s a father--then let him provide food. But he has fed
me heartily, hasn’t he?”

But Tikhon Ilitch was not listening to him. He chose a suitable moment
for beginning a business-like talk. And, paying no heed to him, he
interrupted: “Well, you’ve turned out an empty-headed babbler. Has
Yakoff sold the mare?”

Deniska suddenly broke out into a coarse, vociferous guffaw. But he
replied in the same sing-song tenor voice as usual: “Yakoff Mikititch,
you mean? What are you talking about? He’s getting richer and richer,
and stingier and stingier. There was a great joke on him yesterday!”

“What about?”

“Why, there was! His colt died, and what sort of a trick did he
concoct? He made use of its legs and hoofs. He hadn’t enough stakes for
his wattled fence, so--he took and wove in those same legs.”

“He’s fit for a cabinet-minister, not a peasant!” said Tikhon Ilitch.
“You tatterdemalions are not in the same class with him. I suppose you
are travelling to Tula on a wolf’s ticket?”

“And what should I want of a ticket?” retorted Deniska. “I get into the
carriage and dive straight under the seat--and may the Lord bless and
protect! All I want is to get to Uzlovskaya.”

“What’s that? Uzlovskaya? Do you mean Uzslova?”

“Well, then, Uzslova; it’s the same thing. I’ll ride there, and from
there on ’tis not far--I can go afoot.”

“And what were you thinking about doing with all your little books? You
can’t read them under the seat.”

Deniska thought that over. “Right you are!” said he. “Well, I won’t
stay under the bench all the time. I’ll creep into the toilet--I can
read there until daylight.”

Tikhon Ilitch frowned. “Well, see here now,” he began. “See here: ’tis
time for you to stop that sort of talk. You’re not a small boy, you
fool. Trot back as fast as you can to Durnovka. ’Tis time to buckle
down to business. Why, as you are, it makes one sick at the stomach
just to look at you. My courtyard-councillors there live better than
you do. I’ll help you--that’s got to be done--at the start. Well, I’ll
help you to get some simple merchandise and implements. Then you’ll be
able to feed yourself and give a little to your father.”

“What’s he driving at with all this?” Deniska said to himself.

But Tikhon Ilitch had come to a decision, and wound up: “Yes, and ’tis
time you married.”

“So--oo, that’s it!” said Deniska to himself, and began in a leisurely
way to roll himself a cigarette.

“Very good,” he responded, with a barely perceptible trace of sadness,
and without raising his eyelashes. “I’ll not resist. I might marry.
’Tis worse to go with the public women.”

“Well, and that’s precisely the point,” put in Tikhon Ilitch,
perturbed. “Only, brother, bear in mind that you must make a sensible
marriage. ’Tis a good thing to have money on which to rear your
children.”

Deniska burst out laughing.

“What are you guffawing about?”

“Why, what you say, of course! Rear! As though they were chickens or
pigs.”

“They require food, just as much as chickens and pigs do.”

“And whom shall I marry?” inquired Deniska, with a melancholy smile.

“Whom? Why, any one you like.”

“You mean the Bride?”

Tikhon Ilitch flushed deeply. “Fool! What’s wrong with the Bride? She’s
a peaceable, hard-working woman--”

Deniska remained silent, and picked with his finger-nail at one of the
tin nailheads on the valise. Then he pretended to be stupid. “There’s
a lot of them--of young women,” he drawled. “I don’t know which one
you’re jabbering about. Do you happen to mean the one with whom you
lived?”

But Tikhon Ilitch had already recovered his composure. “Whether I have
lived with her or not is none of your business, you pig,” he retorted,
and that so swiftly and peremptorily that Deniska submissively muttered:

“Well, ’tis all the same to me. I only said--’Twas a chance
remark--slipped off my tongue.”

“Well, then, mind what you’re about, and don’t indulge in idle chatter.
I’ll make decent people of you. Do you understand? I’ll give you a
dowry. Understand that?”

Deniska reflected. “I think I’ll go to Tula--” he began.

“The cock has found a pearl! A priceless idea! What are you going to do
in Tula?”

“We’re too starved at home.”

Tikhon Ilitch unfastened his coat, thrust his hand into the pocket of
his sleeveless under-kaftan--he had almost made up his mind to give
Deniska a twenty-kopek coin. But he came to his senses--’twas stupid
to squander his money, and, what was more, that dolt would become
conceited, would say he had been bribed. So he pretended to be hunting
for something. “Ah, I’ve forgotten my cigarettes! Come, give me some
tobacco.”

Deniska gave him his tobacco-pouch. The lantern over the station
entrance had already been lighted, and by its dim light Tikhon Ilitch
read aloud the inscription embroidered in coarse white thread on the
bag: “To whoam I luv I giv I luv hartilie I giv a poch foureaver.”
“That’s clever!” he said, when he had finished reading.

Deniska modestly cast down his eyes.

“So you have a lady-love already?”

“There’s a lot of them, the hussies, roaming about!” replied Deniska,
quite unembarrassed. “But as for marrying--I don’t refuse. I’ll be back
by the Meat-days, and then, Lord bless our marriage!”

From behind the palisade thundered a peasant cart, spattered all over
with mud. It rolled up to the platform with a peasant perched on the
side-rail and the deacon, Govoroff, from Ulianovka, seated on the
straw inside. “Has it gone?” shouted the deacon in agitated tones,
thrusting out of the straw one foot in a new overshoe. Every individual
hair of his frowsy, reddish-sandy beard curled turbulently; his cap had
retreated to the nape of his neck: his face was fiery-red from the wind
and his excitement.

“The train, you mean?” inquired Tikhon Ilitch. “No, sir, it hasn’t even
arrived yet. Good morning, Father Deacon.”

“Aha! Well then, thank God!” said the deacon joyfully and hastily; but
nevertheless he leaped from the cart and rushed headlong to the door.

Tikhon Ilitch shook his head. “Oh, that long-maned fellow came at the
wrong time! Nothing will come of my affair!”[11] But as he grasped the
handle of the door he said, firmly and confidently: “Well, so be it.
It’s settled for the meat-season.”




XXI


The railway station was permeated with the odours of wet sheepskin
coats, the samovar, cheap tobacco, and kerosene. The smoke was so
dense that it gripped one’s throat; the lamps hardly shone through
the clouds of it, and of the semi-darkness, dampness, and cold. The
doors squeaked and banged; peasants, whips in hand, jostled and
yelled--cabmen from Ulianovka, who sometimes waited a whole week before
they captured a passenger. In and out among them, with brows elevated,
perambulated a Jew grain-dealer, wearing a round-topped hat and a
hooded overcoat and carrying an umbrella over his shoulder. Near the
ticket-seller’s window peasants were dragging to the scales the trunks
of some land-owners and basket-hampers enveloped in oilcloth. The
telegraph clerk, who was discharging the duties of assistant station
agent, was shouting at the peasants. He was a short-legged young fellow
with a big head and a curly yellow crest of hair, brought forth from
beneath his cap on the left temple, kazak fashion. A pointer dog as
spotted as a frog, with melancholy eyes like those of a human being,
was sitting on the dirty floor and shivering violently.

Elbowing his way through the crowd of peasants, Tikhon Ilitch
approached the door of the first-class waiting-room, beside which,
on the wall, hung a wooden frame containing letters, telegrams, and
newspapers, which sometimes lay on the floor. It turned out that there
were no letters for him. There was nothing but three numbers of the
“Orloff Messenger.” Tikhon Ilitch was on the point of stepping over
to the counter to have a chat with the restaurant manager. But on a
stool by the counter sat a drunken man with blue, glassy eyes and shiny
purplish face, in a round grey-peaked cap topped with a button--the
cellarman from the whiskey distillery of Prince Lobanoff. So Tikhon
Ilitch hastily turned back. He knew that cellarman only too well: if
that man’s eye lighted on him he wouldn’t be able to tear himself free
for twenty-four hours.

Deniska was still standing on the platform. “I want to ask you
something, Tikhon Ilitch,” he said with even more timidity than was his
wont.

“What is it?” inquired Tikhon Ilitch angrily. “Money? I won’t give you
any.”

“No, not money at all. I want you to read my letter.”

“A letter? To whom?”

“To you. I wanted to give it to you a long time ago, but I didn’t dare.”

“Well, what’s it about?”

“Why--I have described my way of life.”

Tikhon Ilitch took the scrap of paper from Deniska’s hand, thrust it
into his pocket, and strode swiftly homeward through the springy mud,
which was beginning to congeal.

He was now in a resolute frame of mind. He craved work, and reflected
with pleasure that there was something to be done--the cattle must be
fed. After all, ’twas a pity he had lost his temper and discharged
Chaff; now he would have to lose his sleep at night. Very little
reliance could be placed on Oska. Probably he was already asleep. If
not, he was sitting with the cook and reviling his master. And, passing
by the lighted windows of his cottage, Tikhon Ilitch crept into the
ante-room, stumbled in the darkness over the cold, fragrant straw, and
glued his ear to the door. Laughter, and then the voice of Oska, were
audible on the other side of the door.

“So now, here’s another story. In a village dwelt a peasant, poor, the
poorest of the poor; in all the village there was none poorer than he.
And one day, my good people, this same peasant went out to till his
land. And a spotted cur dogged him. The peasant ploughed along, and
the cur nosed about all over the field and kept digging at something.
He dug and dug, and how he ho-owled! What was the meaning of that? The
peasant ran to him, looked into the hole, and there was--a kettle.”

“A ket-tle?” asked the cook.

“Just listen to what comes next. The kettle was only a kettle, but in
the kettle was--gold! An immense quantity. Well, and so the peasant
became very rich.”

“Akh, lies!” said Tikhon Ilitch to himself, and began to listen eagerly
to what was going to happen to the peasant next.

“The peasant got rich, and lost his head, just like any merchant--”

“Exactly like our Stiff-Leg,” interposed the cook.

Tikhon Ilitch grinned: he knew that, for a long time, he had been
called “Stiff-leg.” Every man has some nickname.

Oska went on: “Even richer than he. Yes. And then the dog takes and
dies. What was he to do? He couldn’t bear it--he was sorry for the dog,
and he had to bury him decently--”

An explosion of laughter rang out. The story-teller himself guffawed,
and so did some one else--some one with an old man’s cough.

“Can it be Chaff?” thought Tikhon Ilitch, in perturbation. “Well, glory
to God! I told that fool myself: ‘You’ll be coming back’!”

“The peasant went to the priest,” pursued Oska--“he went to the priest:
‘Thus and so, father, a dog has died--he must be buried.’”

Again the cook could not control herself and shrieked joyously: “Phew,
you stick at nothing!”

“Give me a chance to finish!” shouted Oska in his turn, and once
more dropped into the narrative tone, depicting now the priest, now
the peasant: “‘Thus and so, batiushka--the dog must be buried.’ The
priest stamped his feet: ‘How is it to be buried? Where is it to be
buried? In the cemetery? I’ll make you rot in prison, I’ll have you
put in fetters!’--‘Batiushka, you see, this is no common dog: when he
was dying he bequeathed you five hundred rubles!’ The priest fairly
leaped from his seat: ‘Fool! Am I scolding you for burying the dog?
I’m scolding you about the place where he is to be buried. He must be
buried in the churchyard!’”

Tikhon Ilitch coughed loudly and opened the door. At the table beside
the smoking lamp, the broken chimney of which was patched on one side
with a bit of blackened paper, sat the cook, her head bent and her face
completely veiled by her wet hair. She was combing it with a wooden
comb and inspecting the comb athwart her hair by the light of the
lamp. Oska, with a cigarette in his teeth, was laughing vociferously,
his head thrown back, as he dangled his feet to and fro in their
bast-slippers. Near the stove, in the semi-darkness, gleamed a red
spark of flame--a pipe. When Tikhon Ilitch jerked the door open and
made his appearance on the threshold, the laughter came to an abrupt
end, and the person who was smoking the pipe rose timidly from his
seat, removed the pipe from his mouth, and thrust it into his pocket.
Yes, it was Chaff! But Tikhon Ilitch shouted, in an alert and friendly
way, as though nothing had happened that morning: “Time to feed the
cattle, my lads!”




XXII


They rambled about the stable with a lantern, illuminating the
coagulated manure, the straw scattered all about, the mangers, the
posts; casting immense shadows, waking up the fowls on the roosts
under the sloping roofs. The chickens flew down, tumbled down, and,
with heads ducked forward, fell asleep as they ran, fleeing as chance
directed. The large purplish eyes of the horses, which turned their
heads toward the light, gleamed and looked strange and splendid. A
mist rose from their breath, as if all of them were smoking. And when
Tikhon Ilitch lowered the lantern and glanced upward, he beheld with
joy, above the square farmyard in the deep, pure sky, the brilliant
vari-coloured stars. The north wind could be heard crackling drily over
the roofs and whistling through the crevices with a frosty chill. Thank
the Lord, winter was come!

Having completed his task and ordered the samovar, Tikhon Ilitch went
with his lantern into the cold shop, reeking with smells, and picked
out the best pickled herring he could find. That was all right, not a
bad idea: to cheer oneself up a bit before tea! And at tea he ate it,
drank several small glasses of bitter-sweet, yellowish-red liqueur made
of mountain-ash berries, poured himself out a brimming cup of tea,
and drew towards him his large old counting-frame. But, after some
reflection, he hunted out Deniska’s letter and set himself to the task
of deciphering its scrawl.

“Denya reseved 40 rubles in munny, and than kolected his thinges....”
(“Forty!” said Tikhon Ilitch to himself. “Akh, the poor beggar!”)
“Denya wint to Tula station and hee wos enstantly robbt they tuk
Evrything to the last kopak hee had nowere to gow and sadness Sezed
heem....”

This absurd scrawl was difficult and tiresome to decipher, but the
evening was long, and he had nothing else to do. The samovar purred
busily, the lamp shone with a quiet light--and there was sadness in
the tranquillity and repose of the evening. The watchman’s mallet was
working away as he made his rounds noisily, beating out a dance-tune
upon the frosty air.

“Aftr thot I hainkrd to goa hoam thoa fader wo vairy brutl....”

“Well, and there’s a fool for you, Lord forgive me!” thought Tikhon
Ilitch. “The Grey Man brutal, forsooth!”

“I wint Into the tik foarest to peck out the talest fur-tre and taik
a cord frum a shuger-loof and fixe myselff in iternl laife in my nu
briches but witaut boots....”

(“Without his boots, he means, I suppose?” said Tikhon Ilitch, holding
the paper at a distance from his tired eyes. “Yes, that’s right; that’s
what he means.”)

“Eftrwords come strung wind blu clauds and thunr-strum and a kwik bige
litul rayne poared the son kam frum behain foarest the coard bend
bend and asuden brooke and Denya fall on the grond the ents krall and
bigin to bite and wurk on hem and thair crold alzo a snaek and a green
krawfish....”

Tossing the letter into the slop-bowl, Tikhon Ilitch sipped his tea,
planted his elbows on the table, and stared at the lamp. What a queer
nation! A soul of many hues! Now a man is just a plain dog, then again
he is melancholy, pities himself, turns soft, weeps over himself--after
the fashion of Deniska, or of himself, Tikhon Ilitch. The window-panes
were perspiring vigorously and clearly, as they do in winter; the
watchman’s mallet said something melodiously coherent. Ekh, if he only
had children! If--well, if he only had a nice mistress instead of that
bloated old woman, who made his flesh crawl merely by what she said; by
her words about the Princess, and about some pious nun or other named
Polikarpia, who was called in the town “Polukarpia.”[12] But it was
too late, too late.

Unfastening the embroidered collar of his shirt, Tikhon Ilitch, with a
bitter smile, felt of his throat behind the ears. Those hollows were
the first sign of old age; his head was assuming the shape of a horse’s
head! But otherwise things were not so bad. He bent his head, thrust
his fingers into his beard. And his beard was grey, dry, dishevelled.
Yes, enough--enough, Tikhon Ilitch!

He drank, grew intoxicated, set his jaws more and more tightly, stared
more intently than ever at the wick of the lamp, burning with an even
flame. Think of it! You couldn’t go to see your own brother--the pigs
prevented, like the swine they were! And if they would let him, there
would still be small cause for joy. Kuzma would read him a lecture, the
Bride would stand with lips pressed tight and drooping eyelashes. Why,
those lowered eyelids alone were enough to make a man take to his heels!

His heart sank within him, ached; a pleasing mist clouded his brain.
Where had he heard that song?--

  “My tiresome evening’s come;
    I know not what to do.
  My friend belov’d is come,
    He fondles me, loves me true.”

Ah, yes, it was in Lebedyan, at the posting station. The young girls,
lace-makers, were sitting on a winter evening and singing. There they
sat, weaving their lace and never raising their eyelashes; they sang in
deep, ringing voices:

  “He kisses me, embraces me,
  Then takes his leave of me....”

His brain was clouded. Now it seemed as if everything lay ahead of
him--joy, liberty, freedom from care--then his heart began to ache
painfully, hopelessly. Now he said: “If I only had a bit of money in
my pocket, I could buy anything--even an aunt--at the market!” Again
he cast a vicious glance at the lamp, and muttered, alluding to his
brother: “Teacher! Preacher! Pitiful Philaret![13] Ragged devil!”

He drank the rest of the mountain-ash-berry cordial and smoked until
the room grew dark. With uncertain steps he went out, across the
shaking uneven floor, clad only in his roundabout, into the dark
ante-room. He was sensible of the piercing coldness of the air, the
smell of straw, the odour of dogs, and he perceived two greenish lights
blinking on the threshold. “Buyan!” he shouted. And he kicked Buyan
over the head with all his might.

Then he listened to the watchman’s mallet, keeping time to it with his
feet. He spat on the steps of the porch, mentally accompanying the
action with:

  “Come straight to me,
  Look straight at me.”

And as he set off in the direction of the highway he shouted: “Blow on a
squirrel’s tail--it will be all the more downy for it!”

A death-like silence lay over the earth, which showed softly black in
the starlight. The highway shone faintly white as it faded out in the
gloom. Far away, as if emanating from beneath the surface of the earth,
a rumbling sound became audible and grew louder from moment to moment.
And suddenly the orchestra came to the surface with its droning: in the
distance, cutting across the highway, its chain of windows lighted by
electricity, gleaming whitely, trailing smoke-wreaths as a flying witch
trails her tresses, redly illuminated from below, the express train
dashed past.

“It’s passing Durnovka!” said Tikhon Ilitch, with a hiccough. “Passing
the Grey Man! Akh, the robbers, curse them--”

The drowsy cook entered the living-room, which was dimly lighted by
the burned-out lamp and stank of tobacco. She was bringing in a greasy
little kettle of sour cabbage soup, which she held in rags black with
dirt and soot. Tikhon Ilitch cast a sidelong glance at her and said:
“Get out of here, this very minute.”

The cook wheeled round, pushed open the door with her foot, and
disappeared. Then he picked up Gatzuk’s calendar, dipped a rusty pen
into the rusty ink, and began, with set teeth and leaden eyes staring
fixedly, to write endlessly on the calendar, up and down and across:

“Gatzuk, Gatzuk, Gatzuk, Gatzuk ...”




PART TWO




I


Almost all his life long Kuzma had dreamed of writing, of obtaining an
education. Verses did not count. He had dallied with verses as a mere
child. He longed to narrate how he had come to naught; to depict, with
unprecedented ruthlessness, his poverty and that dreadful factor in his
commonplace life which had crippled him, made of him a barren fig-tree.

When he reviewed his life in his own mind he both condemned and
acquitted himself. Yes, he was an indigent petty townsman who, almost
up to the age of fifteen, had been able to read only by spelling
out every word. But his history was the history of all self-taught
Russians. He had been born in a country which had more than a hundred
million illiterate inhabitants. He had grown up in the Black Suburb,
where down to the present day men fight to the death with their fists.
In his childhood he had seen dirt and drunkenness, laziness and
boredom. His childhood had furnished only one poetical impression:
there had been the dark cemetery grove, and the pasture on the hill
behind the Suburb, and beyond that--space, the hot mirage of the
steppe, a white cottage beneath a poplar-tree in the far distance. But
he had been taught to look upon even this cottage with scorn: Little
Russians dwelt there, and, of course, they were so stupid that in reply
to the question, “Little Russians, where are your kettles?”[14] they
said: “Do you need to be told that they are under the wagons?” He and
Tikhon had been taught the alphabet and figures by a neighbour named
Byelkin, whose trade was to make rubber overshoes in moulds; but he had
taught them because he never had any work--for what demand was there in
the Suburb for overshoes?--and because it was always agreeable to pull
some one’s hair, and because a man cannot sit for ever on the earth
wall alongside his hut absolutely idle, with his frowsy head bent and
exposed to the sun, doing nothing but spit in the dust between his bare
feet.

In Matorin’s shop the brothers had speedily attained to writing and
reading, and Kuzma had begun to be attracted by the little books which
the accordeon-player, old Balashkin, the eccentric free-thinker of the
bazaar, gave him. But what chance for reading was there in the shop?
Matorin very often shouted: “I’ll box your ears for those books of
yours, you abominable little devil!”

That was an old story; but Kuzma wished to recall, also, the morals of
the bazaar. In the bazaar he had picked up much that was opprobrious.
There he and his brother had been taught to sneer at the poverty of
their mother, at her having taken to drink, abandoned as she was by her
adolescent sons. There they once played the following prank: Every day,
on his way from the library, the son of the tailor Vitebsky passed the
door of the shop--a Jew aged sixteen, with a pallid greyish face; a
terribly lean, big-eared fellow who wore spectacles and industriously
read as he walked, his book held close up to his eyes. So they threw
some bricks and rubbish on the sidewalk--and the Jew (“that learned
man!”) stumbled so successfully that he bruised his knees, elbows, and
teeth to the point of bleeding. Then Kuzma started to write. He began a
story about a merchant who, driving by night in a fearful thunderstorm
through the Murom forests, came upon an encampment of bandits and got
his throat cut. Kuzma fervently set forth his remarks and thoughts on
the brink of death, his grief over his iniquitous life, “so prematurely
cut short.” But the bazaar mercilessly threw cold water on it.

“Well, you are a queer one, Lord forgive us!” it pronounced, merrily
and insolently, through Tikhon’s mouth. “‘Prematurely’! That
pot-bellied devil ought to have been done for long before! Well, and
how did you know what he was thinking about? They cut his throat,
didn’t they?”

Then Kuzma wrote, in the style of Koltzoff, a ballad about an extremely
ancient knight who bequeathed to his son a faithful steed. “He carried
me in my youth!” exclaimed the hero in the ballad. But Tikhon merely
shook his head over that.

“Really!” said he, “how old was that horse? Akh, Kuzma! Kuzma! You’d
better compose something practical--well, about the war, for example.”

And Kuzma, catering to the taste of the market-place, began with great
zeal to write about what the bazaar was discussing at the moment--the
Russo-Turkish war: about how--

  “In the year of seventy-seven
  The Turk set out to fight;
  He advanced with his hordes
  And tried to capture Russia”

and how those hordes

  In uncouth nightcaps
  Crept stealthily to the Tsar-Cannon.[15]

Later on it pained him to realize how much stupidity and ignorance
this doggerel contained, the servile quality of its language, and
its Russian scorn for foreign headgear. With pain he recalled much
else. For example, Zadonsk. One day there he was overcome by a
passionate longing for repentance, a terror lest his mother, who had
died, practically, of starvation, had bitterly reported in heaven
her sorrowful life; and he set forth on foot to the abode of a holy
man. Once there, he did nothing whatever except to read to assembled
admirers, with malicious joy, a “sheet” which had made a special
impression on him: how a certain village scribe had taken it into his
head to reject the authorities and the Church, and God had waxed so
wroth that “this aristocrat was laid low on his bed of death,” his
malady such that “he devoured more than a pig, and shrieked that that
was not enough, and withered away until he was unrecognizable.” And
Kuzma’s entire youth was spent in just such affairs! He thought and
professed one thing--and said and did something entirely different.
Aspiring to write and reckoning up the sum-total of his life, Kuzma
shook his head mournfully: “A genuine Russian trait, sir! The sowing
was half peas, half thistles.”

It seemed as if he had been merry in his youth, kind, tender, quick to
understand, eager to learn. But was it really so? He was not Tikhon, of
course. But why had he, equally with Tikhon, assimilated so promptly
the savagery of those who surrounded him? Why had he, kind and tender
as he was, so mercilessly neglected his mother? Why had the bazaar so
long reigned supreme over his heart, which was toiling so ardently over
books? Why, why was he--a barren fig-tree?

Tikhon had been in the habit of keeping most of his earnings in
one common money-box: they had decided to set up in business for
themselves. Kuzma surrendered his money with a full, hearty confidence
which Tikhon never possessed. But his mother, his mother! He groaned
as he recalled how, poverty-stricken as she was, she had bestowed her
blessing on him, had given him her sole treasure, a relic of her better
days, which had been preserved at the bottom of her chest--a small
silver-mounted holy picture. And the fact that he had groaned was good,
also; but all the same his money had gone to Tikhon.




II


Abandoning the shop counter, and having sold off what their mother had
left, they had begun to trade--had gone out among the Little Russians,
and to Voronezh. They were frequently in their native town, and Kuzma
kept up his friendship with Balashkin as of yore, and read avidly the
books which Balashkin gave him or recommended to him. This was not
at all like Tikhon. Tikhon, when there was nothing to do, was fond
of reading, also; a year might pass without his taking a book in his
hand, but if he did begin one, he read swiftly to the very last line
and, once he had finished that, instantly severed all connection with
the book; on one occasion he had read through an entire volume of the
“Contemporary” in one night, had not understood much, had pronounced
what he had read extremely interesting--and then had forgotten the
“Contemporary” for ever. Neither did Kuzma understand much of what
he read--even in the writings of Byelinsky, Gogol, and Pushkin.
But his comprehension increased, not by days but by hours: he was
able to grasp the gist of the matter and rivet it in his heart to a
positively amazing degree. Why, then, when he comprehended the words
of Dobroliuboff, did he disfigure his speech in the bazaar and say
“khvakt” instead of “fact”? Why, when conversing with Balashkin about
Schiller, did he passionately long to borrow his “ekordeon”? Waxing
enthusiastic over Turgenieff’s “Smoke,” he maintained nevertheless
that “he who is intelligent but not educated, has much knowledge even
without education.” On visiting the grave of Koltzoff, in rapture
he wrote upon the gravestone an illiterate epitaph: “Binith this
munament is intered the boady of citazen alesei vasilevitch Kaltzoff
campoaser and poet of Voronezh riworded by the munarch’s greciousnes _a
lerningles man enlitend by natur_.”

Balashkin explained the meaning of things to him and impressed on
Kuzma’s soul a profound stamp of himself. Old, gigantic, lean, garbed
summer and winter alike in a peasant overcoat which had turned green
with age and a winter-weight peaked cap, huge-faced, clean-shaven,
and wry-mouthed, Balashkin was almost terrifying with his malicious
speeches, his deep, senile bass voice, the prickly, silvery bristles
on his grey cheeks and lips, and his green left eye, bulging,
flashing, and squinting in the direction in which his mouth was drawn
awry. And he fairly took to barking one day at Kuzma’s remark about
“enlightenment without education.” That eye of his blazed as he hurled
aside his cigarette, which he had filled with the cheap tobacco on top
of a tin which had contained pilchards. “Jaw of an ass! What’s that
you’re jabbering? Have you ever considered what our ‘enlightenment
without education’ signifies? The death of Zhadovskaya--that’s its
devilish symbol!”

“But what about the death of Zhadovskaya?” inquired Kuzma.

And Balashkin yelled in a rage: “You have forgotten? The poetess,
a wealthy woman, a noblewoman--but she drowned herself. You have
forgotten?” And again he seized his cigarette and began to roar dully:
“Merciful God! They killed Pushkin, they killed Lermontoff, they
drowned Pisareff. They strangled Rylyeeff, they condemned Polezhaeff to
the ranks as a soldier, they walled up Shevtchenko as a prisoner for
ten years, they dragged Dostoevsky out to be shot, Gogol went mad--and
how about Koltzoff, Nikitin, Ryeshetnikoff? Okh, and is there any other
such country in the world, any other such nation? thrice accursed may
they be!”

Excitedly twisting the buttons of his long-tailed coat, now buttoning,
again unbuttoning them, frowning and grimacing, Kuzma, perturbed, said
in reply: “Such a nation! ’Tis the greatest of nations, and not ‘such’
a nation, permit me to remark to you!”

“Don’t you presume to confer prizes!” Balaskhin shouted.

“Yes, sir, I will presume! For those writers were children of that same
nation!”

“Yes, curse you, they were--but George Sand was no worse than your
Zhadovskaya, and she did not drown herself!”

“Platon Karataeff--there’s an acknowledged type of that nation!”

“And why not Yeroshka, why not Lukashka? My good man, if I take a
notion to shake up literature I’ll find boots to fit all the gods!
Why Karataeff and not Ruzuvaeff and Kolupaeff? why not a bloodsucker
spider, an extortioner priest, a venal deacon? some Saltytchikha or
other? Why not Karamazoff and Oblomoff, Khlestyakoff and Nozdreff? or,
not to go too far afield, why not your good-for-nothing, nasty brother,
Tishka Krasoff?”

“Platon Karataeff--”

“The lice have eaten your Karataeff! I don’t see that he’s an ideal!”

“But the Russian martyrs, saints, holy men, the
fools-for-Christ’s-sake, the Old Ritualists?”

“Wha-at’s that? Well, how about the Coliseum, the crusades, the
religious wars, the countless sects? And Luther, to wind up? No,
nonsense! You can’t beat me down with one blow, like that!”

“Then what, in your opinion, ought to be done?” shouted Kuzma.
“Blindfold our eyes and rush to the ends of the world?”

But at this point Balashkin suddenly became extinguished. He closed his
eyes, and his huge grey face portrayed advanced, painful old age. For a
long time with drooping head he turned over something in his mind, and
at last muttered: “What ought to be done? I don’t know: we are ruined.
Our last asset was ‘Memoirs of the Fatherland,’ and that has been
knocked in the head! And yet, you fool, you think the only thing that
is necessary is to educate oneself.”

Yes, one thing was necessary--to acquire an education. But when?
And how? Five whole years he had spent in peddling--and they were
the best period of his life! Even the arrival in a town seemed an
immense happiness. Rest, acquaintances, the odour of bake-shops and
iron roofs, the pavement on Trading Street, fresh white rolls and the
Persian March on the mechanical organ of the “Kars” eating-house. The
floors in the shops watered from a teapot, the wood-notes of a famous
quail in front of Rudakoff’s door, the smell of the fish shops in the
bazaar, of fennel and coarse tobacco. The kindly and terrible smile of
Balashkin at the sight of Kuzma approaching. Then--thunders and curses
on the Slavophils, Byelinsky and vile abuse, incoherent and passionate
interchange of opprobrious names between the two, quotations. And, to
wind up, the most desperately absurd deductions. “Well, now we’ve got
to the end of our rope--and we’re dashing back to Asia at full speed!”
the old man rumbled, and, abruptly lowering his voice, he cast a glance
around him: “Have you heard? They say that Saltykoff is dying. He’s
the last. ’Tis said he was poisoned.” And in the morning--again the
springless cart, the steppe, sultry heat or mud, strained and painful
reading to the accompaniment of jolts from the swiftly revolving
wheels. Protracted contemplation of the steppe’s vast spaces, the
sweetly melancholy melody of verses within, interrupted by thoughts
about grains or of squabbles with Tikhon. The perturbing odour of the
road--of dust and tar. The odour of gingerbread, flavoured with mint,
and the suffocating stench of cat hides, of dirty fleeces, of boots
greased with train-oil. Those years had, in truth, been a drain on
his strength--the fatigue of not changing his shirt for a fortnight,
of food eaten without the relief of any liquid, of lameness caused by
heels bruised to the point of bleeding, of nights passed in strange
villages, in strange cottages and sheds!




III


Kuzma crossed himself with a grand flourish when, at last, he escaped
from that slavery. But he was already nearly thirty years of age; his
hair was noticeably grey; he had become more sober, more serious;
he had abandoned his verses, had abandoned reading; he had become
accustomed to eating-houses, to drinking-bouts. He served for a year
less a week with a drover near Eletz, went to Moscow on his employer’s
business--and left his service. Long before that time he had begun a
love affair in Voronezh, with a married woman, and he longed to go
thither. So he knocked about in Voronezh for nearly ten years, busying
himself with the purchase of grain, horse-trading, and writing articles
about the grain trade for the newspapers, bewildering--or, to speak
more correctly, poisoning--his mind with the articles of Tolstoy and
the satires of Saltykoff. And, all the while, he was overwhelmed with
the conviction that he was wasting--had wasted--his life.

“There, now,” he said, as he recalled those years, “that’s what it
signifies--that knowledge without education!”

In the early ’nineties Balashkin died of hernia, and Kuzma saw him, for
the last time, not long before his death. And what an interview it was!

“I must write,” complained one, gloomily and angrily. “One withers away
like a burdock in the field.”

“Yes, yes,” boomed the other. The squint of his dying eye was already
drowsy, and his jaws moved with difficulty, and the coarse tobacco
did not fall as it should have done on his cigarette paper. “As the
saying runs: learn every hour, think every hour, look about you at
all our poverty and wretchedness--” Then, with a shame-faced grin, he
laid aside his cigarette and thrust his hand into the breast of his
coat. “Here,” he mumbled, rummaging in a package of tattered papers
and clippings from newspapers. “Here, my friend, is a pile of stuff of
some value. There was a great famine, curse it. And I read everything
about it, and wrote it all down. When I die, ’twill be of some use to
you, this devil’s material. Nothing but scurvy and typhus, typhus and
scurvy. In one county all the small children died; in another all the
dogs were eaten up. God is my witness that I am telling no lie! Here,
wait a minute, I’ll find it for you immediately--”

But he rummaged and rummaged and did not find it, hunted for his
spectacles, began in alarm to search through his pockets, to look under
the counter, got tired, and gave it up. And, as soon as he gave up the
search, he began to drowse and waggle his head.

“But no, no--don’t you dare to touch on that yet. You are still
uneducated, a weak-minded fellow. Cut a tree to suit your powers.
Have you written anything on that subject I suggested to you--about
Sukhonosy? Not yet? Well, so you are an ass’s jaw, as I said, after
all. What a subject that was!”

“I ought to write about the village, about the populace,” said Kuzma.
“For you yourself are always saying: ‘Russia, Russia--’”

“Well, and isn’t Sukhonosy the populace? isn’t it Russia? _All Russia
is nothing but a village: get that firmly fixed in your noddle!_
Look about you: is this a town, in your opinion? The flocks jam the
streets every evening--they kick up such a dust that you can’t see
your next-door neighbour. But you call it a ‘town’! Ugh, you dull
clodhopper--’tis plain that one might drive a stake into your head, and
still you would never write anything.”

And Kuzma understood clearly and conclusively that Balashkin had
spoken the sacred truth: he was not destined to write. There was
Sukhonosy. For many years that repulsive old man of the Suburb had
never been out of his mind--an old man whose sole property consisted
of a mattress infested with bugs and a woman’s moth-eaten cloak which
he had inherited from his wife. He begged, fell ill, starved, roosted
for fifty kopeks a month in one corner of a cottage occupied by a
woman trader in the “gluttons’ row,” and, in her opinion, might very
well set his affairs straight by selling his inheritance. But he
prized it as the apple of his eye--and, of course, not in the least
because of tender feelings toward the late lamented: it afforded
him the consciousness that he owned incomparably more property than
other folks. It seemed to him that it was worth a devilishly high
price: “Nowadays such cloaks are not to be had at all!” He was not
disinclined, not in the least disinclined, to sell it. But he asked
such an outrageous price that would-be purchasers were dazed. And Kuzma
understood this tragedy of the Suburb perfectly. But when he began to
consider how it should be expressed, he began to live through the whole
complicated life of the Suburb, through recollections of his childhood,
of his youth--and he became confused, drowned Sukhonosy in the
abundance of the pictures which besieged his memory, and dropped his
hands in despair, crushed by the necessity of expressing his own soul,
of setting forth everything which had crippled his own life. And the
most terrible thing about that life was the fact that it was a simple,
everyday life, which broke up into petty details with incomprehensible
rapidity. Yes, and what was more, he did not know how to write: he did
not even know how to think regularly or long; he suffered like a puppy
in a bed of straw when he took up a pen. And Balashkin’s death-bed
prophecy brought him to his senses; ’twas not for him to write stories!
So the first thought which flashed through his mind was, to write “The
Sum-Total,” a stern, harsh epitaph on himself and--on Russia.




IV


But since that time twelve more barren years had elapsed. He had plied
the trade of horse-dealer in Voronezh; then, when the woman with
whom he had been living died of puerperal fever, he had carried on
the same trade in Eletz, had worked in a candle shop in Lipetzk, had
been a clerk on Kasatkin’s farm. And his life had flowed on smoothly,
engrossed in work, in everyday tasks--until his habit of tippling had
rather abruptly turned into hard drinking. He had become a passionate
follower of Tolstoy: for about a year he did not smoke, never took
a drop of vodka, ate no meat, never parted with “My Confession”
and “The Gospels,” wanted to emigrate to the Caucasus and join the
Dukhobortzy.[16] But he was sent to Kieff on a business matter. And
as he set forth, he felt something akin to a sickly joy, as if he had
suddenly been released, after prolonged imprisonment, into complete
freedom. It was clear weather at the end of September, and everything
seemed easy, very beautiful--the pure air, the comfortable sun, and
the cadence of the train, the open windows, and the flowering forests
which flashed past them. All at once, when the train halted at Nyezhin,
Kuzma saw a large crowd surrounding the door of the station. The crowd
was gathered round some one, and was shouting and quarrelling in great
agitation. Kuzma’s heart began to beat violently, and he ran toward
the crowd. Rapidly elbowing his way through it, he caught sight of the
red cap of the station-master, the white, pyramidal cap of a cook,
resembling that of a Kazak Hetman, and the grey overcoat of a sturdy
gendarme, engaged in roundly berating three Little Russians, who were
standing meekly erect in front of him, clad in short, thick coats,
indestructible boots, and caps of snuff-coloured lambskin. These caps
hung precariously on some dreadful objects that proved to be round
heads bandaged with coarse muslin, stiff with dried serous fluid, above
swollen eyes and faces puffy and glassy with greenish-yellow bruises,
bearing wounds on which the blood had coagulated and turned black. The
men had been bitten by a mad wolf, had been despatched to the hospital
in Kieff, and had been held up for days at a stretch at almost every
large station, without a morsel of bread or a kopek of money. And, on
learning that they were not to be taken aboard now, because the train
was called an express train, Kuzma suddenly flew into a rage and, to
the accompaniment of approving yells from the Jews in the throng,
began to bawl and stamp his feet at the gendarme. He was arrested,
an official report was drawn up, and, while awaiting the next train,
Kuzma, for the first time in his life, got dead drunk.

The Little Russians were from the Tchernigoff Government. This he
had always thought of as a far-away region with a sky of dim, gloomy
blue above the forests. These men, who had gone through a hand-to-hand
encounter with the mad wolf, reminded him of the days of Vladimir,
the life of long ago, of ancient peasant life in the pine forests.
And as he proceeded to get drunk, pouring out glass after glass of
liquor with hands shaking after the row, Kuzma became transported with
delight: “Akh, that was a great epoch!” He was choking with wrath at
the gendarme, and at those meek cattle in their long-tailed coats.
Stupid, savage, curse them! But--Russia, ancient Russia! And tears of
drunken joy and fervour, which distorted every picture to supernatural
dimensions, obscured Kuzma’s vision. “But how about non-resistance?”
recurred to his mind at intervals, and he shook his head with a grin. A
trim young officer was eating his dinner, with his back to him, at the
general table; and Kuzma gazed in an amicably insolent manner at his
white linen uniform blouse, so short, so high-waisted, that he wanted
to step up to him and pull it down. “And I will do that!” thought
Kuzma. “But he would jump up and shout--and slap my face! There’s
non-resistance for you!” Then he journeyed on to Kieff and, completely
abandoning his business, spent three days roaming about the city and on
the bluffs above the Dnyepr, in the joyous excitement induced by his
intoxication.

In the Cathedral of St. Sophia, at the Liturgy, many persons stared
in amazement at the thin, broad-shouldered katzap[17] who stood in
front of Yaroslaff’s[18] tomb. He was neatly dressed, held in his hand
a new peaked cap, stood with decorum; but there was something queer in
his general appearance. The service came to an end: the congregation
departed, and the doors were opened; the verger extinguished the
candles. Through the upper windows, athwart the blue smoke, filtered
golden streaks of the hot noonday sun; but he, with set teeth, his
sparse greying beard drooping on his breast and his deeply sunken eyes
closed in a sort of happy pain, remained there listening to the pealing
of the bells, carolling and dully booming above the cathedral--that
ancient peal which had, in days of yore, accompanied the campaigns
against the Petchenyegi.[19] And, toward evening, Kuzma was seen at the
Lavra.[20] He was sitting opposite its gate beneath a withered acacia,
alongside a crippled lad, gazing with a troubled, melancholy smile
at its white walls and enclosures, at the gold of its little cupolas
shining against the pure autumnal sky. The lad had no cap, a sack of
coarse linen hung over his shoulder, and on his body hung dirty, ragged
old garments; in one hand he held a wooden cup, with a kopek in the
bottom, while with the other he incessantly changed the position of
his deformed leg--which was bare to the knee, withered and unnaturally
thin, burned black by the sun, and covered with a thick growth of
golden-hued hair--as if it did not belong to him, as if it were a
mere object. There was no one in their vicinity; but the lad, with
his close-cropped head thrown back, stiff from the effects of the sun
and the dust, displaying his thin, childish collar-bones, and paying
no heed to the flies which settled on the excretions of his nostrils,
drawled drowsily, painfully, and without ceasing:

  “Take a look, ye mammas,
  See how unhappy, how miserable we are!
  Akh, God grant you, mammas,
  Never to suffer so!”

And Kuzma confirmed him: “That’s so, that’s right!”

When he had conquered his intoxication and come to his senses, Kuzma
felt that he was already an old man. Since that trip to Kieff three
years had elapsed. And, during that space of time, something extremely
important had indubitably been effected within him. How it had been
effected, he himself did not even attempt to define. Life during those
three years had been too abnormal--his own life and the life of the
community. Of course, he had understood while still in Kieff that he
would not remain long with Kasatkin, and that ahead of him lay poverty,
the loss of even the semblance of manhood. And so it came to pass.
He managed to scrape along through two more jobs, but under very
humiliating and oppressive conditions: eternally half-drunk, slovenly,
with voice turned hoarse, permeated through and through with the reek
of cheap, strong tobacco, making herculean efforts to conceal his
unfitness for business. Then he fell lower still; he returned to his
native town, and ran through his last kopeks; he spent his nights all
winter long in the general room of the lodging-house of Khodoff, whiled
away the days in Avdyeef’s eating-house in the Women’s Bazaar. Out of
these last kopeks many went for a stupid caprice, the publication of a
little volume of verses--after which he had to stroll about among the
patrons of Avdyeef’s establishment and force his booklet on them at
half-price.

But even that was not all: he came near turning into a buffoon! Once,
on a frosty, sunny morning, he was standing in the bazaar near the
flour shops and gazing at a barefoot beggar cutting up antics before
Mozzhukin the merchant, who had come out on his threshold. Mozzhukin,
drowsily derisive, with a face resembling the reflection in a samovar,
was chiefly interested in a cat which was licking his polished boot.
But the beggar did not stop. He thumped his breast with his fists and,
humping his shoulders, began in a hoarse voice to declaim:

  “He who drinks when he is already drunk,
  Plays the part of a wise man....”

And Kuzma, his swollen eyes beaming, suddenly cut in:

  “Then long live jollity,
  Long life to good liquor!”

And an old woman of the petty burgher class, who was passing by--she
had a face like that of an aged lioness--halted, cast a sidelong glance
at him, and, elevating her crutch, remarked distinctly and maliciously:
“’Tis likely you don’t know your prayers as well as that!”

Lower than that there was no place to fall. But precisely that was
what saved him. He survived several attacks of heart disease--and
immediately stopped getting drunk, firmly resolving to undertake
the simplest, most laborious sort of life; to hire, for example, an
orchard, a vegetable-garden; to purchase, somewhere in his native
county, a bee-farm. Fortunately, he still had a hundred and fifty
rubles left.

At first this idea delighted him. “Yes, that’s capital,” he said to
himself with that mournful ironical smile which he had acquired so
long ago. “’Tis time to go home!” And, of a truth, he needed a rest.
It was not very long since that vast agitation had begun, both within
him and round about him. But it had already done its work. He had
become something very different from what he had been previously. His
beard had turned completely grey; his hair, which he wore parted in
the middle, and which curled at the ends, had grown thin and acquired
a rusty hue; his broad face, with its high cheek-bones, had grown
darker and leaner than ever. His observing, sceptical mind had grown
more keen. His soul had been purified, had become more unhealthily
sensitive, although he was able to conceal the fact behind the serious
and, at times, even severe look of the little eyes under brows which
almost met across his nose. He had completely pulled himself together,
and had begun to think less of himself, more of those round about him.
Nevertheless, he longed to go “home” and rest: he craved work to his
liking.




V


In the spring, several months before the reconciliation with Tikhon,
Kuzma heard that a garden in the village of Kazakoff, in his native
district, was to be leased, and he hastened thither. It was a remote
spot, with black loam soil, not far from the place where the Krasoffs
had first taken root.

It was the beginning of May; cold weather and rain had returned after
a hot spell; gloomy autumnal storm-clouds sailed over the town. Kuzma,
in an old overcoat and without goloshes over his broken calfskin boots,
was trudging to the railway station beyond the Cannon-makers’ Suburb,
and, shaking his head and screwing up his face from the effects of the
cigarette held in his teeth, with hands clasped behind his back under
his overcoat, he was smiling to himself. A dirty little barefoot boy
ran up to him with a pile of newspapers and, as he ran, shouted briskly
the customary phrase: “Giniral strike!”

“You’re behind the times, my lad,” said Kuzma. “Isn’t there anything
newer?”

The small boy came to a halt, with flashing eyes.

“The policeman has carried the news off to the station,” he replied.

“All hail to the constitution!” said Kuzma caustically, and pursued
his course, skipping along through the mud, past fences darkened by
the rain, past the branches of dripping gardens and the windows of
lop-sided hovels which were sliding down hill, to the end of the
town street. “Wonders will never cease!” he said to himself as he
went leaping along. “In former days, with such weather, people would
have been yawning, hardly exchanging a word, in all the shops and
eating-houses. But now, all over the town, they do nothing but discuss
the Duma, riots and conflagrations, and how ‘Murontzeff[21] has given
the prime-minister a sound rating.’ Well, a frog does not keep its
tail very long!” The fireman’s band was already playing in the town
park. A whole company of kazaks had been sent. And the day before
yesterday, on Trading Street, one of them, when drunk, went up to the
window of the public library and made an insulting gesture to the young
lady librarian. An elderly cabman, who was standing near by, began to
reprove him, but the kazak jerked out his sabre from its scabbard,
slashed the cabman’s shoulder, and, cursing violently, rushed down the
street in pursuit of the people who were walking and driving past, and,
crazed with fear, were flying to the first shelter which presented
itself.

  “The catskin man, the catskin man,
  He fell down beneath a fence!”[22]

piped up some naughty little girls, in their thin voices, after Kuzma,
as they hopped from stone to stone, across the shallow stream of the
Suburb.

  “When he skins cats, he gets the paws!”

“Ugh, you little wretches!” a railway conductor growled at them. In an
overcoat that was dreadfully heavy even to look at, he was walking in
front of Kuzma, and he shook a small iron box at them. “Why don’t you
pick on some one of your own age?”

But one could judge from his voice that he was restraining his
laughter. The conductor’s old, deep goloshes were crusted with dried
mud; the belt of his coat hung by a single button. The small bridge of
planks along which he was walking lay askew. Further on, alongside the
ditches flooded by the spring freshets, grew stunted bushes. And Kuzma
gazed cheerlessly at them, and at the straw-thatched roofs on the hill
of the Suburb; at the smoky and bluish clouds which hung over them,
and at the reddish-yellow cur which was gnawing a bone in the ditch.
In the bottom of the ditch, his legs straddled far apart, sat a petty
burgher, in a waistcoat over a cotton-print Russian shirt. His widely
opened eyes looked white in his face, which, scarlet with effort,
stared upward in an awkward, stupid grin. When Kuzma came opposite
him, he said, out of sheer clumsiness: “Is it you our little girls are
taunting? Why, those little imps learn effrontery in their infancy!”

“’Tis you yourselves who teach them,” replied Kuzma, with a frown.
“Yes, yes,” he said to himself, as he ascended the hill, “a frog does
not keep his tail long!” On reaching the crest of the hill, inhaling
the damp wind from the plain and catching sight of the red buildings
of the railway station in the midst of the empty green fields, he
again began to smile faintly. Parliament, deputies! Last night he had
returned from the public park, where, in honour of a holiday, there had
been an illumination, rockets had soared aloft, and the firemen had
played “Le Toreador” and “Beside the brook, beside the bridge,” “The
Maxixe” and “The Troika,” shouting in the middle of the galop, “Hey,
de-ear one!” He had returned home and had started to pull the bell at
the gate of his lodging-house. He had pulled and pulled the rattling
wire--not a soul. Not a soul anywhere around, either--only silence,
darkness, the cold greenish sky in the West, beyond the square at the
end of the street, and, overhead, storm-clouds. At last, some one
crawled forward behind the gate, clearing his throat. He rattled his
keys and grumbled: “I’m lame in my underpinning--”

“What’s the cause of it?”

“A horse kicked me,” replied the man; and, as he unlocked and opened
the gate, he added: “Well, now there are still two left.”

“The men from the court, you mean?”

“Yes.”

“But don’t you know why the judge came?”

“To try the deputy. They say he tried to poison the river.”

“What, the deputy? You fool, do deputies meddle with such things?”

“The devil only knows what they’ll do.”

On the outskirts of the Suburb, beside the threshold of a clay hut,
stood a tall old man wearing leg-cloths.[23] In the old man’s hand was
a long staff of walnut wood. On catching sight of a passer-by, he made
haste to pretend that he was much older than he really was. He grasped
the staff in both hands, hunched up his shoulders, and imparted to his
countenance a weary, melancholy expression. The damp, cold wind which
was blowing from the fields agitated the shaggy locks of his grey hair.
And Kuzma recalled his own father, his own childhood.

“Russia, Russia! Whither art thou dashing?” Gogol’s exclamation
recurred to his mind. “Russia, Russia! Akh, vain babblers, you stick
at nothing! That’s the best answer you can make: ‘The deputy tried
to poison the river.’ Yes, but who is responsible? First of all, the
unhappy populace--and unhappy they are!” And tears welled up in Kuzma’s
little green eyes--welled up suddenly, as had often happened with him
of late. Not long ago he had strolled into Avdyeeff’s eating-house, in
the Woman’s Bazaar. He had entered the courtyard, ankle deep in mud,
and from the courtyard ascended to the first storey--“the Gentry’s
Department”--by a wooden staircase so stinking, so rotten through and
through, that it turned even his stomach--the stomach of a man who had
seen sights in his day. With difficulty he had opened the heavy, greasy
door, covered with scraps of felt and tattered rags in place of a
proper casing, and provided with a pulley-weight fashioned from a brick
and a bit of rope. He was fairly blinded by the charcoal vapour, the
smoke, the glare of the tin reflectors behind the little wall-lamps,
and deafened by the crash of the dishes on the counter; by the talking,
the clatter of the waiters running about in all directions, and the
repulsive uproar of the gramophone. Then he passed on to the most
distant room, where there were fewer people, ate at a small table,
ordered a bottle of mead. Underfoot, on a floor soiled with the
trampling of feet and with spittle, lay slices of lemon, eggshells,
butts of cigarettes. And near the wall opposite sat a long-limbed
peasant in bast-slippers, smiling beatifically, shaking his frowsy
head, and listening to the shrieking gramophone. On his small table
were a small measure of vodka, a small glass, and cracknels. But the
peasant was not drinking: only wagging his head and staring at his
bast-shoes.

All of a sudden, becoming conscious of Kuzma’s gaze riveted upon him,
he opened his eyes wide with joy, raised his wonderfully kind face with
its waving reddish beard. “Well, so you’ve flown in!” he exclaimed,
in delight and surprise. And he hastened to add, by way of justifying
himself: “Sir, I have a brother who serves here--my own brother.”

Blinking away his tears, Kuzma clenched his teeth. Ugh, damn it, to
what a point had the people been trampled upon, beaten down! “You’ve
flown in!” That in connection with Avdyeeff’s establishment! And that
was not all: when Kuzma rose to his feet and said: “Well, goodbye!”
the peasant hurriedly rose to his feet also, and out of the fulness
of a happy heart, with profound gratitude for the light and luxury of
the surroundings, and because he had been addressed in a human manner,
quickly answered: “No offence meant!”




VI


In former days conversation in the railway carriages had turned
exclusively on the rain and the drought, on the fact that “God fixes
the price for grain.” Now, the sheets of newspapers rustled in the
hands of many passengers, and discussion busied itself with the Duma,
the rights of the people, the expropriation of the land. No one even
noticed the pouring rain which pattered on the roof, although the
travellers belonged to the class which was always greedy for spring
rains--grain dealers, peasants, petty burghers from the farms. A
young soldier who had lost his leg passed along: he was suffering
from jaundice, his black eyes were mournful, he hobbled and clattered
his wooden leg as he doffed his tall Mandzhurian fur cap and, like a
beggar, made the sign of the cross every time he received an alms. A
noisy, angry discussion started up on the subject of the Government,
the Minister Durnovo, and some governmental oats. They referred,
jeeringly, to that which formerly had evoked their naif enthusiasm: how
“Vitya,”[24] with the object of frightening the Japanese at Portsmouth,
had ordered his trunks to be packed.

A young man, with his hair cut close like beaver fur, who sat opposite
Kuzma, reddened, grew embarrassed, and made haste to interpose:
“Excuse me, gentlemen! You are talking about liberty. I serve in
the office of the tax inspector, and I write articles for the city
newspapers. Do you think that is any business of his? He asserts that
he, too, believes in liberty, but when he found out that I had written
about the abnormal condition of our fire department, he sent for me and
said: ‘Damn you, if you write any more pieces like that I’ll wring your
neck!’ Permit me: if my views are more on the left than his--”

“Views?” suddenly shouted the alto voice of a dwarf, the young
man’s neighbour, a fat skopetz[25] in bottle-shaped boots--miller
Tchernyaeff, who had been casting sidelong glances at him all the while
from his pig-like little eyes. And, without giving him a chance to
reply, he roared: “Views? You mean to say you have views? And you’re
more of a Left? Why, I’ve known you ever since you were running around
without breeches in your childhood! And you were perishing with hunger,
along with your father--you mendicants! You ought to be washing the
inspector’s feet and drinking the dirty water!”

“The Con-sti-tu-u-tion,” interjected Kuzma in a shrill tone,
interrupting the eunuch; and rising from his seat and jostling the
knees of the sitting passengers, he went down the carriage to the door.

The eunuch’s feet were small, plump, and repulsive, like those of some
aged housekeeper; his face, also, was feminine, large, yellow, solid,
like gutta-percha; his lips were thin. And Polozoff was another nice
one--the teacher at the pro-gymnasium, the man who had been nodding
his head so amiably, and leaning on his stick, as he listened to the
eunuch; a squat, well-nourished man of thirty, in high shoes with the
tops tucked under grey trousers, a grey hat, and a grey coat with
sleeve-flaps; a clear-eyed fellow with a round nose and a luxuriant
sandy beard spreading all over his chest. A teacher, but he wore
a heavy gold seal ring on his forefinger. And he already owned a
small house--the dowry he had acquired along with the Archpriest’s
daughter.[26] His feet also were small, his hands were short, his
fingers mere stumps; he was neat, groomed to a surprising nicety,
and he took a bath every day. He was said to be an execrable man;
the Lord forbid! Yes, decidedly peasants and petty citizens were not
fit for such as he. Kuzma, as he opened the door to the platform,
inhaled a deep breath of the cold and fragrant rain-drenched air.
The rain droned dully on the roof over the platform, poured off it
in streams, and spurts of it spattered over Kuzma. After the town
the air of the fields, mingled with the exciting odour of the smoke
from the locomotive, intoxicated him. The carriages, as they swayed,
rattled louder than the noise of the rain; rising and falling as they
approached, the telegraph wires floated past; on both sides ran the
dense vividly-green borders of a hazel copse. A motley-hued gang of
small boys suddenly sprang out from under the foot of the embankment
and shouted something or other shrilly in chorus. Kuzma burst out
laughing from sheer pleasure, and his whole face was covered with tiny
wrinkles. But when he raised his eyes, he saw on the opposite platform
a pilgrim; a kindly, jaded peasant face, a grey beard, a broad-brimmed
hat, a cloth coat girt with a rope, a pouch and a tin tea-kettle
hanging on his back, and, on his skinny feet, bast-shoes. The pilgrim
was smiling, too. And Kuzma shouted to him, athwart the rumbling and
the noise: “What’s your name, grandfather?”

“Anton. Anton Bezpalykh,” replied the old man with amiable readiness,
in a thin voice.

“Just back from a pilgrimage?”

“From Voronezh.”

“Are they burning out the landed proprietors there?”

“Yes, they are....”

“Well, that’s fine!”

“What’s that you say?”

“I say ’tis fine!” shouted Kuzma. And, turning aside and blinking away
the welling tears, he began with trembling hands to roll himself a
cigarette. But his thoughts had already grown confused. “The pilgrim
is one of the people, but do not the eunuch and the teacher belong to
the people? ’Tis only forty-five years since serfdom was abolished--so
what can be expected of the people? Yes, but who is to blame for it?
The people themselves. Russia under the Russian yoke; the Little
Brothers[27] of divers sorts under the Turkish; the Galicians under the
Austrians--and ’tis useless to say anything about the Poles. Hey there,
thou great Slavonic family!” And Kuzma’s face once more lightened.
Darting oblique glances about him on all sides, he began to twiddle his
fingers, wring them, and crack their joints.




VII


He alighted at the fourth station and hired a conveyance. At first
the peasant drivers demanded seven rubles--it was twelve versts to
Kazakovo--then they came down to five and a half. At last one of them
said: “Give me a three-ruble note and I’ll drive you; otherwise, ’tis
not worth wagging your tongue about. Times nowadays are not what they
used to be.” But he was unable to maintain that tone, and added the
customary phrase: “And, besides, fodder is dear.” And he drove, after
all, for a ruble and a half. The mud was fathomless, impassable, the
cart was tiny, the wretched little nag, barely alive, was as long-eared
as an ass and extremely weak. When they had slowly emerged from the
courtyard of the station, the peasant, seated on the side-rail, began
to get impatient and jerked the rope reins as if he longed with his
whole being to aid the horse. At the station he had bragged “She can’t
be held back,” and now he evidently felt ashamed. But the worst part of
it all was--the man himself. Young, huge of build, fairly plump, he was
clad in bast-shoes and white leg-wrappers, a short kazak coat girt with
a strip of cloth, and an old peaked cap on his straight yellow hair. He
emitted the smoky odour out of a chimneyless hut and of hemp--a regular
husbandman of olden times, with a white beardless face, a swollen
throat and a hoarse voice.

“What’s your name?” inquired Kuzma.

“I’m called Akhvanasiy.”

“Akhvanasiy!” said Kuzma angrily to himself. “And what else?”

“Menshoff.--Ho, get up there, antichrist!”

“Is it the evil malady?” And Kuzma indicated his throat with a nod.

“Well, yes, it is,” mumbled Menshoff, turning his eyes aside. “I’ve
been drinking cold kvas.”

“Does it hurt you to swallow?”

“To swallow?--no, it doesn’t hurt--”

“Well, anyway, don’t talk unnecessarily,” said Kuzma sternly. “You’d
better go to the hospital as soon as you can. Married, I suppose?”

“Yes, I’m married....”

“Well, there, now, you see. You’ll have children, and you’ll be making
them all a famous present!”

“Just as sure as giving them a drink,” assented Menshoff. And, waxing
impatient, he began to jerk the reins again. “Ho, get up there. You’re
an unmanageable brute, antichrist!” At last he abandoned this futile
effort and calmed down. For a long time he maintained silence, then
suddenly inquired: “Have they assembled that Duma yet, merchant?”

“Yes.”

“And they do say that Makaroff is still alive, only they don’t want it
known.”

Kuzma merely shrugged his shoulders: the devil only knew what these
steppe men had in their heads! “But what wealth is here!” he said to
himself, as he sat miserably on a tuft of straw, his knees drawn up on
the bare floor of the springless cart, covered with a coarse cloth used
for wrapping grain. He surveyed the road. The weather had grown still
colder; still more gloomily the storm-clouds from the northwest came
sailing over this black loam region, saturated with rains. The mud on
the roads was bluish, greasy; the green of the trees, of the grass, of
the vegetable gardens was dark and dense; and over everything lay that
bluish tint of the black loam and the storm-clouds. But the cottages
were of clay, tiny, with roofs of manure. Alongside them stood dried-up
water casks. Of course, the water in them contained tadpoles.

Here was a well-to-do farmstead. In the vegetable garden, behind
old bushes, an apiary, and a tiny orchard of three or four wild
apple-trees, rose an old, dark-hued grain rick. The stable, the
gate, and the cottage were all under one roof, thatched with hackled
straw. The cottage was of brick, in two sections, the dividing line
marked out with chalk: on one side was a pole surmounted by a forked
branch, a fir-tree; on the other was something resembling a cock.
The small windows were also rimmed with chalk in a toothed pattern.
“There’s creative genius for you!” grinned Kuzma. “The stone age, God
forgive me--the times of the cave men!” On the doors of the detached
sheds were crosses sketched in charcoal; by the porch stood a large
tombstone, obviously prepared in anticipation of death by grandfather
or grandmother. Yes, truly, a well-to-do farmstead. But the mud round
about was knee deep; a pig was reclining on the porch, and on top
of him, balancing itself and flapping its wings, a yellow chicken
was parading. The windows were tiny, and in the part of the cottage
appropriated to human occupation, darkness and eternally cramped
conditions must inevitably reign--the sleeping shelf on top of the
oven, the loom for weaving, a good-sized oven, a trough filled with
slops. And the family would be large, with many children, and in winter
time there would be lambs and calves as well. And the dampness and the
charcoal fumes would be such that a green vapour must hang over all.
The children would whimper and howl when slapped on the nape of the
neck; the sisters-in-law would revile one another (“May the lightning
smite you, you roving, homeless cur!”) and each express the hope that
the other might “choke on a bite on the Great Day”;[28] the aged
mother-in-law would be incessantly hurling something--the oven-fork,
the bowls--and rushing at her daughters-in-law, her sleeves tucked up
on her dark, sinewy arms, and wearing herself out with shrill scolding,
besprinkling now one of them, now another with saliva and curses. The
old man, ugly-tempered and ailing, would wear them all to exhaustion
with his exhortations, would drag his married sons by the hair; and
sometimes they would weep, in the repulsive peasant way.

“Whose farm is this?” asked Kuzma. “The Krasnoffs’,” answered Menshoff,
adding, “All of them are sick with it, too.”

Beyond the Krasnoff farm they drove out on to the pasturage. The
village was large, and so was the common for pasture. The annual
Fair was being arranged on it. The framework of booths already rose
aloft here and there, and there were piles of wheels and pottery; a
hastily constructed oven was smoking, and a smell of fritters hung in
the air; the travelling caravan-wagon of some gypsies loomed grey on
the plain, and close to its wheels sat sheep-dogs, fastened to them by
chains. On the left, peasant cottages were visible; on the right lay
a lumber-yard, two town shops, and a bakery. Farther away, alongside
the governmental dram-shop, stood a dense cluster of young girls and
peasant men, from which shouts rang out.

“The people are making holiday,” remarked Menshoff thoughtfully.

“What’s the cause of their joy?” inquired Kuzma.

“They are hoping for--”

“For what?”

“Everybody knows for what. The house-sprite!”

And it was true. On that bare pasture-common, that overcast, chilly
day, those squeals of delight and the sounds of two accordions played
in perfect unison seemed pitiful, were swallowed in an atmosphere of
commonplaceness, of boredom and age. The people were experiencing
something new, were celebrating something, but did they believe in
their festival? “Oh, hardly!” said Kuzma to himself, as he drove close
and surveyed the white, pink, and green petticoats of the girls, the
indifferent, coarsely painted faces, the orange-coloured, golden-hued,
and crimson kerchiefs. The cart drove up to the crowd and halted.
Menshoff stared boldly at the throng and broke into a grin. At that
close range the sounds no longer seemed pitiful--the accordions eagerly
played up to each other, and in harmony with them, amid the approving
hubbub of the drunken men, quaint adages flew briskly about.

“Ho-o,” some one shouted, to an accompaniment of dull but lusty
stamping of feet:

  “Plough not, reap not,
  But bring fritters to the maidens!”

And a peasant, short of stature, who was standing behind the crowd,
suddenly began to flourish his arms. Everything about him was
prosperous, clean, substantial--his bast-shoes, his leg-wrappers, his
new trousers of heavy plaided home-made linen, and the pleated skirts
of his undercoat, made of appallingly thick grey cloth and cut very
short, with a bob-tailed effect. It is probable that he had never
danced before in his life, but now he began, softly and skilfully, to
stamp with his bast-shoes, to wave his arms, and to shout in a tenor
voice: “Stand aside, let the merchant have a peep!” and, leaping into
the circle, which parted before him, he began to kick his legs about
wildly in front of a tall young fellow, who, tossing away his peaked
cap, twisted his boots about in devilish fashion and, as he did so,
flung aside his black jacket and danced on in his new cotton print
shirt. The face of the young man was pale and perspiring and wore a
concentrated, gloomy expression which made his piercing yells seem all
the more violent and unexpected.

“Son! Dear one!” shrieked an old crone in a plaided wool skirt of South
Russian fashion, stretching out her hands. “Stop, for Christ’s sake!
Dear boy, stop it--you’ll kill yourself!”

And her dear son suddenly threw back his head, clenched his fists
and his teeth, and, with fury in his countenance and his trampling,
screeched through his teeth:

“Tztzytz, good woman, shut your mouth with that cuckoo song.”

“And she has just sold the last bit of her home-made linen for him,”
remarked Menshoff, as they crawled slowly across the pasture land. “She
loves him passionately. She’s a widow. He raps her over the mouth when
he is drunk. Of course, she deserves it.”

“What do you mean by that--‘she deserves it.’?” inquired Kuzma.

“Because she does. You shouldn’t be too indulgent--”

Yes, in the town, in the railway carriages, in the hamlets, in the
villages, everywhere, one could feel the presence of something
unusual, the echoes of some great festival, some great victory, great
expectations. But back there in the suburb Kuzma had already realized
that the farther one went into those limitless fields, beneath that
cold, gloomy sky, the duller, the more irrational, the more melancholy
would those echoes become. Now they had driven away, and the shouts
in the crowd about the dram-shop had again become pitiful. There
they were keeping festival and trying to “celebrate,” but ahead lay
boredom, remote wilds, an empty street, smoky chimneyless hovels,
water-casks with putrid pond water, and then more fields, the blue mist
of the chilly distance, the dark forest on the horizon, low-hanging
storm-clouds.

At one cottage--it had a broken window and a wheel on the rotten
roof--a long-legged, ailing peasant sat on a bench. People look
handsomer in their coffins than he looked in life. He resembled the
poet Nekrasoff. Over his shoulders, above a long and soiled shirt of
hemp crash, was thrown an old short sheepskin coat; his stick-like legs
stood in felt boots; his huge dead-looking hands lay evenly spaced on
his sharp knees, upon his ragged trousers. His cap was pulled far down
on his forehead, after the fashion of old men; his eyes were suffering,
entreating; his superhumanly meagre and emaciated face was drawn down,
his ashen lips half open.

“That’s Tchutchen,”[29] said Menshoff, nodding in the direction of
the sick man. “He’s been dying these two years from trouble with his
stomach.”

“Tchutchen? What’s that--a nickname?”

“Yes, a nickname.”

“Stupid!” said Kuzma. And he turned his head away, in order to avoid
seeing the horrid little girl by the neighbouring cottage. She was
leaning back and holding in her arms an infant in a cap, and, as she
stared intently at the passers-by and stuck out her tongue at them,
she chewed on a bit of black bread, which she was preparing as a
sucking-piece for the child. And in the last yard and threshing-floor
the bushes hummed in the breezes, and a scarecrow, all awry, fluttered
its empty sleeves. The threshing-floor, which adjoins the steppe,
is always uncomfortable, dreary; and there were the scarecrow, the
autumnal storm-clouds, the wind humming across the fields, ruffling up
the tails of the fowls which roved about the threshing-floor, overgrown
with pigweed and mugwort, alongside the grain-rick with its uncovered
crest, alongside the threshing machine of Ryazan make, painted blue....




VIII


The small forest which lay blue against the horizon consisted of two
long ravines thickly overgrown with oak-trees. It was known by the
name of Portotchka. Near this Portotchka Kuzma was overtaken by a
driving downpour of rain mingled with hail, which accompanied him
the whole way to Kazakovo. Menshoff whipped up his sorry nag into a
gallop as they neared the village, while Kuzma sat with eyes tightly
screwed up beneath the wet grain-cloth. His hands were stiff with
cold; icy rivulets trickled down the collar of his great-coat; the
coarse cloth, heavy with the rain, stank of the sour grain-kiln. The
hailstones rattled on his head, cakes of mud flew up into his face,
the water in the ruts beneath the wheels splashed noisily; lambs were
bleating somewhere or other. At last Kuzma became so stifled that he
flung the cloth from his head and greedily gulped in the fresh air.
The rain lessened in intensity. Evening drew on; the flocks dashed
past the cart, across the green pasture land, on their way to the
cottages. A thin-legged black sheep had got astray from the flock, and
a bare-legged peasant woman, garbed in a rain-drenched short petticoat,
darted after it, her white calves gleaming. In the west, beyond the
village, the sky was growing brighter; to the east, on a background of
dusty-bluish storm-clouds, two greenish-violet rainbows hung over the
grain fields. A dense, damp odour of verdure arose from the fields, and
of warmth from the dwellings.

“Where’s the manor-house of the proprietor?” Kuzma shouted to a
broad-shouldered woman in a white chemise and a red petticoat.

The woman was standing on a stone beside the cottage of the village
policeman, holding by the hand a little girl about two years of age.
The little girl was vociferating so lustily that his question was
inaudible.

“The homestead?” repeated the woman. “Whose?”

“The manor-house.”

“Whose? I can’t hear anything you say.--Ah, may you choke! I hope the
fits will get you!” shrieked the woman, jerking the little girl so
violently by the hand that she executed a complete turn and, flying off
the stone, hung suspended.

They made inquiries at another cottage. Driving along the broad
street, they turned to the left, then to the right, and, passing some
one’s old-fashioned manor-house, hermetically boarded up, they began
to descend a steep declivity to a bridge across a small stream.
Water trickled from Menshoff’s face, his hands, his coat. His fat
face with its long white eyelashes, thus washed, looked more stupid
than ever. He was gazing off into space ahead with an expression of
curiosity. Kuzma gazed, also. In that direction, on the sloping pasture
land, lay the dark manor-park of Kazakovo, the spacious courtyard
surrounded by decaying outbuildings and the ruins of a stone wall; in
the centre of the courtyard, behind three withered fir-trees, stood
the house, sheathed in grey boards, with a rusty-red roof. Below, at
the bridge, was a cluster of peasants. And, coming to meet them up
the steep road, which was washed into gullies, a troika-team of lean
work-horses, harnessed to a tarantas, was struggling through the mud
and straining up the hill. A tattered but handsome labourer, tall,
pale, with a small reddish beard and clever eyes, was standing beside
the vehicle, jerking at the reins, exerting his utmost efforts, and
shouting: “Ge-et up there! G-g-et up there!” The peasants, meanwhile,
with shouts and whistling, were chiming in: “Whoa! Who-oa!” A young
woman dressed in mourning, large tears hanging on her long eyelashes
and her face distorted with fear, who was seated in the carriage, was
throwing out her hands despairingly before her. Fear, suspense, lay
in the turquoise-blue eyes of the stout, sandy-mustached young man
who sat beside her. His wedding ring gleamed on his right hand, which
clutched a revolver; he kept waving his left hand, and, without doubt,
he must have felt very warm in his camel’s hair waistcoat and his
gentleman’s peaked cap, which had slipped over on the back of his head.
The children, a small boy and a girl, pallid with hunger and fatigue,
wrapped in shawls, looked on with gentle curiosity from the little
bench opposite the main seat.

“That’s Mishka Siversky,” said Menshoff in a loud, hoarse voice, as he
drove around the troika and stared indifferently at the children. “They
turned him out yesterday. Evidently, he deserved it.”

The affairs of the Kazakovo gentry were managed by a superintendent,
a retired soldier of the cavalry, a tall, rough man. Kuzma was told
that he must apply to him in the servants’ quarters, by a workman who
drove into the farmyard in a cart heaped with freshly cut coarse wet
green grass. But the superintendent had had two catastrophes that
day--his baby had died and a cow had perished--so Kuzma did not meet
with an amiable reception. When, leaving Menshoff outside the gate, he
approached the servants’ quarters, the superintendent’s wife, her face
all tear-stained, was bringing in a speckled hen, which sat peaceably
under her arm. Among the columns on the dilapidated porch stood a tall
young man in full trousers, high boots, and a Russian shirt of cotton
print, who, on catching sight of the superintendent’s wife, shouted:
“Agafya, where are you taking it?”

“To kill,” replied the superintendent’s wife, seriously and sadly,
coming to a halt beside the ice-house.

“Give it here and I’ll kill it.”

Thereupon the young man directed his steps to the ice-house, paying
no attention to the rain, which was beginning to drizzle down again
from the drowning sky. Opening the door of the ice-house, he took
from the threshold a hatchet. A minute later a brief tap resounded,
and the headless chicken, with a red stump of a neck, went running
across the grass, stumbling and whirling about, flapping its wings and
scattering in all directions feathers and spatters of blood. The young
man tossed aside the hatchet and went off to the orchard, while the
superintendent’s wife, after she had caught the chicken, stepped up to
Kuzma. “What do you want?”

“I came about the garden.”

“Wait for Fedor Ivanitch.”

“Where is he?”

“He’ll be here immediately, from the fields.”

So Kuzma began to wait at the window of the servants’ quarters. He
glanced inside and descried in the semi-darkness an oven, sleeping
boards, a table, a small trough on the bench near the window, and a
little coffin made from such another trough, in which lay the dead baby
with a large, nearly naked head and a little bluish face. At the table
sat a fat blind young girl, fishing with a wooden spoon for the bits of
bread in a bowl of milk. The flies were buzzing around her like bees
in a hive, but the blind girl, sitting as erect as a stuffed figure,
with her white eyeballs staring into the darkness, went on eating and
eating. She made a terrible impression on Kuzma, and he turned away.
A cold wind was blowing in gusts, and the clouds made it darker and
darker.

In the centre of the farmyard rose two pillars with a cross-bar, and
from the cross-bar hung, as if it were a holy picture, a large sheet of
iron; upon this they rapped when they were alarmed at night. About the
farmyard lay thin wolf hounds. A small boy about eight years of age was
running around among them, dragging in a small cart his flaxen-haired,
chubby-faced younger brother, who wore a large black peaked cap.
The little cart was squeaking wildly. The manor-house was grey,
heavy-looking, and, assuredly, devilishly dreary in this twilight. “If
they would only light up!” Kuzma said to himself. He was deadly weary,
and it seemed to him as if he had left the town almost a year ago.
Suddenly a sound of roaring and barking became audible, and through
the gate of the orchard madly leaped a pair of dogs, a greyhound and
a watchdog, dragging each other sidewise, any way as chance decreed,
colliding, staring wildly about, and trying to tear each other to
pieces, their heads in different directions. After them, shouting
something or other, raced the young gentleman.




IX


Kuzma spent the evening and the night in the garden, in the old
bath-house. The superintendent, on arriving from the fields on
horseback, had remarked angrily that the garden had been “leased long
ago,” and in reply to a request for lodging over-night had expressed
insolent amazement. “Well, but you are a sensible fellow!” he had
shouted, without either rhyme or reason. “A nice posting-station you’ve
picked out! Are there many of your stamp roving about at present?” But
he took pity on Kuzma in the end, and gave him permission to go into
the bath-house. Kuzma paid off Menshoff and walked past the manor-house
to the gate into the linden avenue. Through the unlighted open windows,
from beyond the wire fly-screens, thundered a grand piano, drowned by
a magnificent baritone-tenor voice, lifted in intricate vocalizations
which were completely out of harmony with both the evening and the
manor. Along the muddy sand of the sloping avenue, at the end of
which, as if at the end of the world, the cloud-flecked sky gleamed
dully white, there advanced toward Kuzma a poor-looking peasant, short
of stature, with dark reddish hair, his shirt minus a belt; he was
capless, wore heavy boots, and was carrying a bucket in his hand.

“Oho, ho!” he said, jeeringly, as he listened to the singing while he
walked on. “Oho, he’s going it strong, may his belly burst!”

“Who is going it strong?” inquired Kuzma.

The peasant raised his head and halted. “Why, that young gentleman of
ours,” he said, merrily, making havoc with his consonants. “They say he
has been doing that these seven years.”

“Which one--the one who was chasing the dogs?”

“N-no, another one. But that’s not all! Sometimes he takes to
screeching, ‘To-day ’tis your turn, to-morrow ’twill be mine’--regular
calamity!”

“He’s taking lessons, of course?”

“Nice lessons they must be!”

“And that other one--what does he do?”

“That fellow?” The peasant drew a long breath, smiling in a discreetly
jeering manner the while. “Why, nothing. Why should he? he has good
victuals and amusement: Fedka tosses bottles, and he shoots at them;
sometimes he buys a peasant’s beard, cuts it off, and stuffs it into
his gun, for fun. Then again, there are the dogs: we have an immense
number of them. On Sundays, when the church bells begin to peal, the
whole pack of them sets to howling; ’tis an awful row they make! Day
before yesterday they chewed up a peasant’s dog, and the peasants went
to the courtyard of the manor. ‘Give us enough to buy a vedro[30] of
liquor, and we’ll call it quits. Otherwise, we’ll go on strike at
once.’”

“Well, did he give the money?”

“Of course he didn’t! Gi-ive, indeed, brother!--There is a miller here.
He came straight out on the porch and said: ‘The wind is blowing from
the fields, gentlemen-nobles!’ Catch him napping, forsooth! The young
gentleman started to bully them: ‘What sort of a wind is that you’re
talking about?’ ‘Just a certain sort,’ says he. ‘I’ve propounded a
riddle to you; now you just think it over!’ That brought him to a dead
standstill, brother!”

All this was uttered in a careless sort of way, passed over lightly,
with intervening pauses, but accompanied by such a malignant smile
and such torturing of his consonants that Kuzma began to look more
attentively at the man whom he had thus casually encountered. In
appearance he resembled a fool. His hair was straight, cut in a round
crop, and long. His face was small, insignificant, of ancient Russian
type, like the holy pictures of the Suzdal school. His boots were huge,
his body lean and somehow wooden. His eyes, beneath large, sleepy lids,
were like those of a hawk, with a golden ring around the iris. When he
lowered his lids he was a lisping idiot; when he raised them one felt a
certain fear of him.

“Do you live in the garden?” asked Kuzma.

“Yes. Where else should I live?”

“And what’s your name?”

“My name? Akim. And who are you?”

“I wanted to lease the garden.”

“There, now--that is an idea!” And Akim, wagging his head scoffingly,
went on his way.

The wind blew with ever increasing vehemence, scattering showers
of rain from the brilliantly green trees; beyond the park, in some
low-lying region, the thunder rumbled dully, pale blue flashes of
aurora borealis lighted up the avenue, and nightingales were singing
everywhere about. It was utterly incomprehensible how they were able
so sedulously, in such complete disregard of surrounding conditions,
to warble, trill, and scatter their notes broadcast so sweetly and
vigorously beneath that heavy sky, veiled in leaden clouds, amid the
trees bending in the wind, as they perched in the dense, wet bushes.
But still more incomprehensible was it how the watchmen managed to pass
the night in such a gale, how they could sleep on damp straw beneath
the sloping roof of the rotten hut.

There were three watchmen. And all of them were sick men. One, young,
emaciated, sympathetic, formerly a baker by trade, but dismissed the
preceding autumn for taking part in a strike, was now a beggar. He
had not as yet lost the peasant look, and he complained of fever. The
second, also a beggar, but already middle-aged, had tuberculosis,
although he declared that there was nothing the matter with him except
that he felt “cold between his shoulders.” Akim was afflicted with
night-blindness--he could not see well in the half-light of twilight.
When Kuzma approached, the baker, pale and amiable of manner, was
squatting on his heels near the hut. With the sleeves of a woman’s
wadded dressing gown tucked up on his thin, weak arms, he was engaged
in washing millet in a wooden bowl. Consumptive Mitrofan, a man of
medium size, broad and dark complexioned, who resembled a native of
Dahomey, garbed entirely in wet rags and leg-wrappers which were worn
out and stiff as an old horse’s hoof, was standing beside the baker
and, with hunched-up shoulders, staring at the latter’s work with
brilliant brown eyes, strained wide open but devoid of all expression.
Akim had brought a bucket of water and was making a fire in a little
clay oven-niche opposite the hut; he was blowing the fire into life.
He entered the hut, selected the driest tufts of straw he could find,
and again approached the fire, which was now fragrantly smoking
beneath the iron kettle, muttering to himself the while, breathing
with a whistling sound, smiling in a mockingly mysterious way at the
bantering of his comrades, and occasionally bringing them up short
with a venomous and clever remark. Kuzma shut his eyes and listened
now to the conversation, now to the nightingales, as he sat on a wet
bench beside the hut, besprinkled with icy spatterings of rain whenever
the damp wind rushed through the avenue beneath the gloomy sky, which
quivered with pale flashes of lightning, while the thunder rumbled. He
felt a pain in his stomach, from hunger and tobacco. It seemed as if
the porridge would never be cooked, and he could not banish from his
mind the thought that perhaps he himself would be obliged to live just
such a wild beast’s life as that of these watchmen, and that ahead of
him lay nothing but old age, sickness, loneliness, and poverty. His
body ached, and the gusts of wind, the far-away monotonous grumbling of
the thunder, the nightingales, and the leisurely, carelessly malicious
lisping of Akim and his squeaking voice, all irritated him.

“You ought to buy yourself at least a belt, Akimushka,” said the baker
with affected simplicity, as he lighted a cigarette. He kept casting
glances at Kuzma, by way of inviting him to listen to Akim.

“Just you wait,” replied Akim in an absent-minded, scoffing tone, as
he poured the fluid porridge from the boiling kettle into a cup. “When
we’ve lived here with the proprietor through the summer, I’ll buy you
boots with a squeak in them.”

“‘With a skvvvveak’! Well, I’m not asking you to do anything of the
sort.”

“You’re wearing leg-wrappers now.” And Akim began anxiously to take a
test sip of the porridge from the spoon.

The baker was disconcerted, and heaved a sigh: “Why should the likes of
us wear boots?”

“Oh, stop that,” said Kuzma. “You had better tell me whether you have
this porridge day in and day out, for ever and ever, as I think you do.”

“Well, and what would you like--fish, and ham?” inquired Akim, without
turning round, as he licked the spoon. “That really wouldn’t be so bad:
a dram of vodka, about three pounds of sturgeon, a knuckle of ham, a
little glass of fruit cordial. But this isn’t porridge: it’s called
thin gruel. The porridge is for the appetizer snack.”

“But do you make cabbage soup, or any other sort of soup?”

“We have had that, brother--cabbage soup; and what soup it was! If you
were to spill it on the dog his hair would peel off!”

“Well, you might make a little soup.”

“But where would we get the potatoes? You can’t buy any from a peasant,
any more than from the devil, brother! You couldn’t wheedle even snow
out of a peasant in the middle of winter.”

Kuzma shook his head.

“Probably ’tis your illness that makes you so bitter! You ought to get
a little treatment--”

Akim, without replying, squatted down on his heels in front of the
fire. The fire had already died down; only a little heap of thin coals
glowed red under the kettle; the garden grew darker and darker, and
the blue aurora had already begun faintly to illuminate their faces, as
the gusts of wind inflated Akim’s shirt. Mitrofan was sitting beside
Kuzma, leaning on his stick; the baker sat on a stump under a linden
tree. On hearing Kuzma’s last words, he grew serious.

“This is the way I look at it,” he said submissively and sadly: “that
nothing can be otherwise than as the Lord decrees. If the Lord does not
grant health, then all the doctors cannot help. Akim, yonder, speaks
the truth: no one can die before his death-hour comes.”

“Doctors!” interposed Akim, staring at the coals and pronouncing the
word in a specially vicious way--“doktogga!” “Doctors, brother, have an
eye on their pockets. I’d let out his guts for him, for such a doctor,
so I would!”

“Not all of them are thinking of their pockets,” said Kuzma.

“I haven’t seen all of them.”

“Well, then, don’t chatter nonsense about what you haven’t seen,” said
Mitrofan severely, and turned to the baker: “Yes, and you’re a nice
one, too: making yourself out a hopeless beggar! Perchance, if you
didn’t wallow round on the ground, dog-fashion, you wouldn’t have that
acute pain.”

“Why, you see, I--” the baker began.

But at this point Akim’s scoffing composure deserted him of a sudden.
And, rolling his stupid hawk-like eyes, he abruptly leaped to his feet
and began to yell, with the irascibility of an idiot: “What? So I’m
chattering nonsense, am I? Have you been in the hospital? Have you? And
I have been there! I spent seven days there--and did he give me any
white-bread rolls, that doctor of yours? Did he?”

“Yes, you’re a fool,” interposed Mitrofan: “white rolls are not given
to every sick person: it depends on their disease.”

“Ah! It depends on their disease! Well, let him go burst with his
disease, devil take him!” shouted Akim.

And, casting furious glances about him, he flung his spoon into the
“thin gruel” and strode off into the hut.




X


There, breathing with his whistling breath, he lighted the lamp, and
the hut assumed a cosy air. Then he fished out spoons from some niche
close under the roof, threw them on the table, and shouted: “Bring
on that porridge, can’t you?” The baker rose and stepped over to the
kettle. “Pray be our guest,” he said, as he passed Kuzma. But Kuzma
found it unpleasant to eat with Akim. He asked for a bit of bread,
salted it heavily, and, chewing it with delight, returned to his seat
on the bench. It had become completely dark. The pale blue light
illuminated the trees more and more extensively, swiftly, and clearly,
as if blown into life by the wind, and at each flash of the aurora the
foliage, in its death-like green, became for a moment as distinctly
visible as in the daytime; then everything was again inundated
by blackness as of the tomb. The nightingales had ceased their
song--only one, directly above the hut, continued to warble sweetly
and powerfully. In the hut, around the lamp, a peaceably ironical
conversation was flowing on once more. “They did not even ask who I am,
whence I come,” said Kuzma to himself. “What a people, may the devil
take it.” And he shouted, jestingly, into the hut: “Akim! You haven’t
even asked who I am, and whence I come.”

“And why should I want to know?” replied Akim indifferently.

“Well, I’m going to ask him about something else,” said the baker’s
voice--“how much land he expects to receive from the Duma. What think
you, Akimushka? Hey?”

“I’m no clever one at interpreting writing,” said Akim. “You can see it
better from the dung-heap.”

And the baker must have been disconcerted once more: silence ensued,
for a minute.

“He is referring to us, the likes of himself,” remarked Mitrofan. “I
happened to mention that in Rostoff the poor folks--the proletariat,
that is to say--save themselves in winter time in the manure--”

“They go outside the town,” cut in Akim cheerfully, “and--into the
manure with them! They burrow in exactly like the pigs--and there’s no
harm done.”

“Fool!” Mitrofan snapped him up, and so sternly that Kuzma turned
round. “What are you gobbling about? You stupid fool, you rickety
bandy-legs! When poverty overtakes you, you’ll burrow too.”

Akim, dropping his spoon, gazed sleepily at him and, with the same
sudden irascibility which he had recently exhibited, opened wide his
empty hawk-like eyes and yelled furiously: “A--ah! Poverty! Did you
want to work at so much the hour?”

“Of course!” angrily shouted Mitrofan, inflating his Dahomey-like
nostrils and staring point-blank at Akim with blazing eyes. “Twenty
hours for twenty kopeks?”

“A--ah! But you wanted a ruble an hour? You’re a greedy one, devil take
you!”

But the wrangle subsided as quickly as it had flared up. A minute later
Mitrofan was talking quietly and scalding himself with the porridge:
“As if he weren’t greedy himself! Why, he, that blind devil, would
strangle himself in the sanctuary for the sake of a kopek. If you’ll
believe it, he sold his wife for fifteen kopeks! God is my witness that
I am not jesting. Off yonder in our village of Lipetzk there’s a little
old man, Pankoff by name, who also used to work as gardener--well, and
now he has retired and is very fond of that sort of affair.”

“Why, doesn’t Akim come from over Lipetzk way?” interrupted Kuzma.

“From Studenko, from the village,” said Akim indifferently, exactly as
if they were not discussing him at all.

“Right, right,” Mitrofan confirmed his statement.

“A peasant from the roots up. He lives with his brother, controls the
land and the farmyard in common with him, but nevertheless somewhat in
the position of a fool; and, of course, his wife has already run away
from him. But we learned the reason why she ran away, from the man
himself: he made a bargain with Pankoff, for fifteen kopeks, to admit
him of a night, instead of himself, into the chamber--and he did it.”

Akim remained silent, tapping the table with his spoon and staring at
the lamp. He had already eaten his fill, wiped his mouth, and was now
engaged in thinking over something.

“Jabbering is not working, young man,” he said at last. “And what if
I did admit him: my wife is withering, isn’t she?” And as he listened
to hear what they would say to that, he bared his teeth in a grin,
elevated his eyebrows, and his tiny face, which was like a Suzdal holy
picture, assumed a joyously sad expression and became covered with
large wooden wrinkles. “I’d like to get that fellow with a gun!” he
said with a specially strong squeak and twisting of his consonants.
“Wouldn’t he go head over heels!”

“Of whom are you speaking?” inquired Kuzma.

“Why, that nightingale--”

Kuzma set his teeth and, after reflection, said: “Well, you are a
putrid peasant. A wild beast.”

“Well, and who cares for what you think?” retorted Akim. And, giving
vent to a hiccough, he rose to his feet. “Well, what’s the use of
burning the lamp for nothing?”

Mitrofan began to roll a cigarette. The baker gathered up the spoons.
Crawling from under the table, he turned his back on the lamp and,
hurriedly crossing himself thrice, with a flourish he bent low to the
holy picture, in the direction of the dark corner of the hut, shook
back his straight hair, which resembled bast, and, raising his face,
murmured a prayer. His large shadow fell upon some chests made of
boards and broke across them, while he himself seemed to Kuzma even
smaller than a short time previously. Kuzma remembered how he had once
been called for conscription. Five hundred men had been summoned, only
one hundred and twenty being wanted. He had drawn Number 492: yet he
had almost been obliged to undress, so many of those naked youths--they
resembled sparrows, with arms as thin as whiplashes and huge, solid
bellies--had been rejected. Akim hastily crossed himself once more,
and once more made a flourishing reverence--and Kuzma gazed at him
with a feeling akin to hatred. There was Akim praying--but just try
asking him whether he believed in God! His hawk eyes would leap out
of their sockets! Evidently he had the idea that no one in all the
world believed as he did. He was convinced to the very bottom of his
soul that, in order to please God and avoid the condemnation of men,
it was necessary to comply in the strictest possible manner with even
the smallest fraction of what was appointed in regard to the Church,
fasts, feasts, good deeds; that for the salvation of his soul--not out
of good feeling, naturally!--those acts must be fulfilled punctually;
candles must be placed before the holy pictures, he must eat fish,
and oil instead of butter; and on feast-days he must celebrate, and
conciliate the priest with patties and chickens. And every one was
firmly convinced that Akim was a profound believer, although Akim
himself had never in the whole course of his life wondered what his God
was actually like, just as he had never pondered upon either heaven or
earth, birth or death. Why should he think? His thinking had been done
for him! He knew all the answers--calm answers, prepared a thousand
years ago. Didn’t he know that in heaven were paradise, angels, the
saints; in hell, devils and sinners; on earth, men who cultivate the
earth, and build houses, and trade, and accumulate money, and marry,
and live for their pleasure? Not all of them, certainly--far from
all--but what was to be done about that? All the same, people ought to
strive toward that--and when the right time arrived, Akim, too, would
show of what he was capable! So said Kuzma to himself, recalling, as
always, with amazement and fear, the massacres. Well, and the mystery
of birth and death--that did not concern him. After one was born, it
was necessary to be baptized, and to live according to our own manner,
the Russian manner, not after the manner of dogs--that is, like Turks
and Frenchmen. When one died, it was indispensable to receive the
Sacrament--otherwise one could not escape hell--and the best of all
was to receive the Holy Unction with Oil.[31] That was all. There
are also on the earth insects, flowers, birds, animals. But Akim did
not condescend to think about flowers and insects--he simply crushed
them. Among plants he noticed only those which bore fruit or berries
or furnished food. Birds fly, sing--and ’tis a most gallant thing to
shoot for food those which are fit for such use, but those which are
not fit should be shot for amusement. All wild beasts, to the very last
one, must be exterminated, but procedure with regard to animals varies:
one’s own should be kept in good condition, that they may be of service
to the owner, but old animals and animals which belong to other people
should have their eyes lashed out with a whip, and their legs should be
broken.

“And what does he care,” thought Kuzma sadly, “what is it to him,
seeing that he has no establishment of his own, that it rains or hails,
or that the thunder rumbles for a week, that the lightnings flash; that
perchance at this very moment they are lighting up a dead, blue little
face in the dark fly-filled hut where that blind girl lies sleeping?”

It seemed as if he had set out from the town a year ago; as if, now, he
should never be able to drag himself back to it. His wet cap weighed
heavily; his cold feet ached, cramped in his muddy boots. In that
one day his face had become weather-beaten and burned. His body had
been lamed by the springless cart, by discomfort, by the longing for
rest. But sleep--no, one could not get to sleep yet. Rising from the
bench, Kuzma went out against the damp gale, to the gate which led
into the fields, to the waste spaces of the long-abandoned cemetery.
A faint light from the hut fell upon the mud; but as soon as Kuzma had
taken his departure, Akim blew out the lamp, the light vanished, and
night immediately closed in. The bluish lightning flashed out still
more vividly and unexpectedly, laid bare the whole sky, the extreme
recesses of the orchard to the most distant apple trees, where stood
the bath-house, and suddenly inundated everything with such blackness
that one’s head swam. And once more, somewhere low down, the dull,
far-away thunder began to rumble; and from behind the rustling of the
trees and the droning of the rain came the abrupt whining, barking, and
snarling of the dogs, feasting outside the orchard on a cow which had
died. After standing still for a while, until he made out the dim light
which filtered under the gate, Kuzma emerged into the road which ran
past the earth wall, past rustling ancient lindens and maple trees, and
began to stroll slowly to and fro. The rain began to patter down once
more on his cap and his hands. But he wanted to think out what he had
begun. Suddenly the black darkness was again deeply rent; the raindrops
glistened; and on the waste land, in a corpse-like blue light, the
figure of a dripping, thin-necked horse stood out in sharp lines. A
field of oats, of a pallid, metallic green hue, flashed into momentary
sight beyond the waste land, against an inky black background; and the
horse raised his head. Dread overpowered Kuzma. The horse was promptly
swallowed up in the darkness. But--to whom did he belong? why was he
not hobbled? why was he thus roaming about without oversight? And
Kuzma turned back toward the gate. In the ditch alongside the earthen
wall, among the dock-weeds and nettles, some one was half growling,
half snoring. Stumbling along with his hands outstretched, as if he
were a blind man, Kuzma approached the ditch.

“Who’s there?” he shouted.

But the snore was that of a person dead drunk, powerful and choking.
Everything else round about was wrapped in profound slumber. The
lightning flashes had ceased; the trees, invisible in the darkness,
rustled dully and gloomily under the increasing downpour. And when,
at last, Kuzma had found his way to the bath-house by the sense of
feeling alone, the rain was pouring down upon the earth with such
force that he began to be assailed, as he had been in his childhood,
by terrible thoughts about the Flood. He struck a match, and beheld a
broad sleeping-ledge near the tiny window. Rolling up his overcoat, he
threw it on the head end. In the darkness he crawled upon the ledge
and with a deep sigh stretched himself out on it; he lay, after the
fashion of old people, on his back, and shut his weary eyes. Great God,
what a stupid and toilsome journey! And how had he chanced to come
hither? In the manor-house also darkness now reigned, and the flashes
of lightning were fleetingly, stealthily reflected in the mirrors. In
the hut, beneath the heavy downpour of the rain, Akim was sleeping.
Here in this bath-house devils had frequently been seen, as a matter
of course: did Akim possess a proper faith in devils? No. People had
so believed a thousand years ago, and Akim had merely accepted his
heritage mechanically. But, even though he did not believe, he could
nevertheless narrate how, once on a time, his deceased grandfather had
gone to the grain crib for some bran and had found the devil, as shaggy
as a dog, sitting, his legs twisted into a knot, on one of the girders.

Crooking one knee, Kuzma laid his wrist on his forehead and began to
doze, sighing and grieving the while.




XI


He had passed the summer waiting for a place. That night, in the
orchard at Kazakovo, it became clear to him that his dreams of orchards
were foolish. On his return to the town, after carefully thinking
over his situation he began to hunt for a position as a shop or
counting-house clerk; then he began to reconcile himself to anything
that offered, provided only that it furnished him a morsel of bread.
But his searches, efforts, and entreaties were vain. Despair seized
upon him. How was it he had failed to see that he had nothing to hope
for? In the town he had long borne the reputation of being a very
eccentric person. Drunkenness and lack of employment had converted him
into a laughing-stock. In the beginning his manner of life had amazed
the town; later on, it had come to seem suspicious. And, of a truth,
who had ever heard of such a thing as a petty burgher at his age living
in a lodging-house, being unmarried and poor as an organ-grinder? All
his property consisted of a chest and a ponderous old umbrella! Kuzma
began to look at himself in the mirror: really, now, what sort of man
was the one he beheld before him? He slept in the “common room,” among
strangers, chance people who came and went; in the morning he crawled
in the heat about the bazaar and to the eating-houses, where he picked
up rumours concerning jobs; after dinner, he took a nap, then seated
himself at the window and read Kostomaroff’s History, gazed at the
dusty, glaring white street and at the sky, pale blue with sultriness.
For whom and for what was he living in the world--that petty burgher,
broad of bone though lean, and already grey-haired from hunger and
austere thinking; who called himself an anarchist and was not able
to explain intelligently what an anarchist is? He sat and read; he
sighed and paced to and fro in the room; he squatted down on his heels
and unlocked his small chest; he arranged in more orderly fashion his
tattered little books and manuscripts, two or three faded shirts, an
old long-skirted great-coat, a waistcoat, the much worn certificates
of his birth and his baptism. And he dropped his hands forlornly.
What meaning was there to all this? Such poverty, such loneliness!
And he shuddered at the thought of what lay ahead of him. Tikhon was
childless, and rich--but Tikhon wouldn’t give so much as a copper coin
to bury him....

The summer stretched out in endless length. The Duma was dissolved,
but that did not break the monotony of the long, hot days. A vast
revolt in the country districts was expected, but no one so much as
lifted an eyebrow so long as absolutely nothing of any magnitude took
place. Fresh and savage attacks on the Jews were contrived; day after
day executions and shootings took place; but the town ceased to take
the slightest interest in them. In the country, at the manor-houses,
terror reigned--especially after that famous day when the peasants
rose in rebellion at the “order” of some one or other. But what cared
the town for the country districts? Kazakoff sent an extra company of
kazaks. The local newspaper was closed down three times, and at last
they made an end of the whole business by prohibiting the sale of the
newspapers from the capitals. Once more poster advertisements began to
bear the inscription: “By permission of the Authorities, temporarily
in this Town,” and the posters themselves again became abominable.
Little Russians arrived, attracted by the presentation of “the famous
historical drama ‘Taras Bulba, the murderer of his own son,’” and
by the announcement that “the entire company will take part” in the
national dance, the Hopak, “in sumptuous costumes,” and that there
would be “free presents”--a milch cow and a tea set “worth seventy-five
rubles.” Swift runners and fortune-tellers reappeared, as well as
certain knaves who exhibited human monstrosities--twins, a bearded
lady, a young girl who weighed five hundred and seventy-six pounds,
“the marvel of the XX century--a live freak captured in the Red Sea,”
which lay dead in a zinc bathtub behind a cotton print curtain.

“Cursed be the day I was born into this thrice-accursed country!” Kuzma
said at times, as he hurled his newspaper on to the table, closed his
eyes, and gritted his teeth. “People ought now to be shouting so that
it could be heard throughout the whole world: ‘To arms, ye who believe
in God.’”

“And you’ll go on shouting until you make yourself heard,” some one
quietly answered him.

Then he turned the conversation to the crops, the drought. And Kuzma
relapsed into silence: the events which were taking place were so
atrocious that the human mind was unable to grasp them.

Rain fell now and then in the countryside, but in town, day after day
from May until August, an infernal drought held uninterrupted sway.
The lodging-house, a corner building, baked in the sun. At night one’s
blood hammered in one’s head from the stifling heat, and every noise
which came through the open windows wakened one with a start. It was
impossible to sleep in the hayloft because of the fleas, the crowing of
the young cocks, and the odour of the manure-yard. Moreover, smoking
was prohibited there: the landlord was fat, weak, and nervous as an old
woman. All summer long Kuzma never abandoned the hope of getting to
Voronezh. Akh, how little he had prized the days of his youth! If now
he might only saunter between trains through the streets of Voronezh,
gaze at the familiar poplar trees, at the tiny blue house outside the
town--! But what was the use? Should he spend ten or fifteen rubles,
and then have to deny himself a candle or a roll of white bread? More
than that, it was shameful for an old man to surrender himself to
memories of love. And how about Klasha? Was she really his daughter?
He had seen her a couple of years ago: she was sitting at the window,
weaving lace; she had a charming, modest face, but resembled only her
mother. What could he say to her, even if he should make up his mind to
go? How could he look old Ivan Semyonitch in the face?

Time flowed on in intolerable boredom. There were not even any visitors
at the inn. During the whole of July the only person who put up there
was a youthful deacon, rather a queer fellow, after the pattern of
seminary queer sticks. A relative of his came to see him, but the visit
ended in nothing: the deacon was absent in the bazaar, and his name,
Krasnobaeff, was written up on the board after the Latin fashion:
Benedictoff.

As autumn drew near, Kuzma persuaded himself that it was indispensable
for him to make a pilgrimage to the holy places, to some monastery,
or--to give up the struggle for good and all and take to drinking
again in order to spite some one or other. One day, having unlocked
his chest, he found Tolstoy’s “Confession,” opened it, and read
the pencilled inscription which he had written while in a state of
intoxication, during his services with Kasatkin: “It is impossible to
wean all men from vodka.” A couple of months earlier he would merely
have contracted his brows in a frown--what a stupid inscription!--but
now he grinned and said to himself: “Why not consign everything to the
devil’s mother, burn everything to the last thread, and draw a razor
across my throat?”

Autumn set in. In the bazaar there was a fragrance of apples and
plums. The schoolboys were brought back to the gymnasium from their
vacation in the country. The horse races began. The sun began to set
behind Chips Square. If one emerged from the gate in the evening and
crossed the intersection of the streets, one was blinded: to the left
the whole street, ending at the square in the distance, was flooded
with a low, mournful light. The gardens, behind their fences, were
full of dust and spiders’ webs. Polozoff came to meet one, wearing
a coat with sleeve-flaps, but he had already exchanged his hat for
a peaked cap with military insignia. There was not a soul in the
town park. The band-stand for the musicians was boarded up; so was
the kiosk where, in summer, kumys and lemonade were sold; the wooden
refreshment counter was closed. And one day, as he sat near the
band-stand, Kuzma was so overwhelmed with depression that he seriously
meditated committing suicide. The sun had set; its light was reddish;
thin, rose-hued foliage was drifting along the alley; a cold wind was
blowing. The cathedral bells were ringing the summons to the All-Night
Vigil Service, and one’s soul ached unbearably at this closely set,
methodical peal, executed in countrified Saturday fashion.

All at once, from under the band-stand, a cough became audible, and
a clearing of the throat. “Motka,” Kuzma said to himself. And sure
enough, from under the stairs crawled Duck-Headed Matty. He wore
rusty soldier’s boots, an extremely long uniform from the shoulders
of a second-school boy, besprinkled with flour--evidently the bazaar
had been making merry--and a straw hat which had once been run over
by wheels. With his eyes still closed, spitting and staggering with
intoxication, he stalked past, without so much as asking for a smoke.
Kuzma, repressing his tears, shouted to him: “Mot! Come, let’s have a
chat, and a smoke--”

And Motka turned, seated himself on the bench, began drowsily, with
twitching brows, to roll himself a cigarette. But apparently he had
only a dim idea as to the identity of the person who was sitting by his
side--who it was that was complaining to him about his fate....

On the following day that same Motka brought Tikhon’s note to Kuzma.
And, once more, the noose which had come near strangling Kuzma broke.

At the end of September he went to Durnovka.




PART THREE




I


The estate at Durnovka was arranged after the plan of a farm. In fact,
it had originally borne precisely that title. Durnovo had owned several
estates and had occupied the chief of them, the one at Zusha. Afanasiy
Ilitch, who had hunted the Gipsy with dogs, came only occasionally to
Durnovka, on his way from a hunting expedition. Nil Afansaievitch,
the Marshal of the Nobility, had no taste for farms: he had spent
his whole life in organizing dinners, drinking sherry at his club,
glorying in his fat, his appetite, his ringing whisper--he had a silver
throat--in his lavishness, his witticisms, and his absence of mind.
And his son, also, the Uhlan, who bore the name of his grandfather,
rarely looked in at Durnovka. The Uhlan still considered himself a
great landed proprietor. On retiring from the service he decided to
accumulate millions, to show how an estate ought to be managed. But the
Uhlan was not fond of being in the fields, and his passion for making
purchases helped to ruin him: he bought almost everything his eye
fell upon. His trips to Moscow and his amorous constitution likewise
contributed to his ruin. His son, who did not finish at the Lyceum,
received as his heritage only two farms--Laukhino and Durnovka. And
the Lyceum student ruined these to such a point that, during the last
year he spent at Durnovka, the duties of watchman were discharged by
an old scullery-maid, who went about at night with her mallet, garbed
in a rusty raccoon cloak. “Well, never mind,” Kuzma said to himself,
rejoiced to the verge of tears by Tikhon’s proposal, and profoundly
concealing his joy. “If ’tis a farm, call it a farm! A good thing, too:
’tis a regular end-of-nowhere, savage as in the Tatar times!”

At one period Ilya Mironoff had lived in Durnovka for a couple of
years. At the time Kuzma had been a mere child, and all he retained of
it in his memory was, first, the fragrant hemp-fields, which drowned
Durnovka, as it were, in a dark-green sea, and, secondly, one dark
summer night. There had been not a single light in the village on that
night. Past their cottage had filed, their chemises gleaming white in
the darkness, “nine maidens, nine women, and the tenth a widow,” all
barefoot, with hair flowing free, armed with brooms, oaken cudgels, and
pitchforks. A deafening ringing of bells had arisen, and a thumping
of oven-covers and frying pans, high above which soared a wild choral
chant. The widow dragged a plough; alongside her walked a maiden
carrying a large holy picture; while the rest rang bells, and thumped,
and when the widow led off in a low tone,

  “Thou cow-death,
  Enter not our village!”

the chorus repeated in long-drawn tones, with funereal intonations:

  “We plough--”

and mournfully, in throaty tones, took up the refrain,

  “With incense, with the cross ...”

Now the aspect of the Durnovka fields was commonplace. The hemp
plantations had vanished, and, even if they had not, the fields would
have been bare in autumn, as well as the vegetable patches and the
back yards. Kuzma set forth from Vorgol in a cheerful and slightly
intoxicated state. Tikhon Ilitch had treated him to liqueur cordial at
dinner, and at tea, after dinner, Nastasya Petrovna had treated him to
two kinds of preserves. Tikhon Ilitch was very kindly disposed on that
day. He recalled his youth, his childhood; how they had eaten buckwheat
cakes together, how they had shouted “Tallyho!” after the Dog’s
Pistol, and had studied with Byelkin; he called his wife “auntie” and
ridiculed her trips to the nun Polukarpia for the good of her soul; he
said, with regard to Kuzma’s salary: “We’ll square that, dear brother,
we’ll make that right--I’ll not wrong you!” He referred briefly to the
revolution: “That little bird started singing too early--look out, or
the cat will eat it!” Kuzma rode a dark brown gelding, and around him
lay outspread a sea of dark brown ploughed fields. The sun, almost
like that of summer, the transparent air, the clear pale-blue sky, all
gladdened him and gave promise of prolonged repose. The grey, crooked
wormwood, turned up roots and all by the plough, was so plentiful that
it was being carried off by the carload. Close to the farm itself, in
the ploughed field, stood a wretched little nag, with burdocks in his
forelock, and a springless cart, piled high with wormwood; and beside
it lay Yakoff, bare-legged, in dusty breeches and a long hempen shirt,
his side squeezed against a large grey dog which he was holding by the
ear. The dog was growling and darting angry sidelong glances.

“Does he bite?” shouted Kuzma.

“He’s savage--there’s no taming him!” Yakoff made haste to reply, as he
raised his slanting beard. “He jumps at the horses’ muzzles.”

And Kuzma burst out laughing with pleasure. The peasant was a regular
peasant--and the steppe was a genuine steppe!

The road ran down a hill, and the horizon became narrower. In front
the new iron roof of a grain-kiln gleamed green, seeming drowned in
the dense low growths of the park. Beyond the park, on the opposite
slope, stood a long row of cottages constructed of bricks moulded from
clay, and roofed with straw. On the right, beyond the ploughed fields,
stretched a large ravine, merging into the one which separated the farm
from the village. At the point where the ravines came together, a pond
lay sparkling in the sunlight. On the promontory between them the wings
of two unsheathed windmills reared themselves aloft, surrounded by
several cottages belonging to one-homestead owners--the Mysoffs,[32]
as Oska had dubbed them--and the whitewashed schoolhouse gleamed white
on the pasture land.

“Well, and do the children get schooling?” inquired Kuzma.

“’Tis obligatory,” said Oska. “They have a scholar who is a terror!”

“What scholar are you talking about? Do you mean a teacher?”

“Well, then, teacher, it’s all the same. The way he has educated
those brats--I tell you, ’tis fine. He’s a soldier. He beats them
unmercifully, but on the other hand he has them well trained in all
sorts of ways. Tikhon Ilitch and I happened to drop in one day--and if
they didn’t all leap to their feet and bark out: ‘We wish you health!’
just as well as if they were soldiers!”

And once more Kuzma broke into a laugh.

But when he had passed the threshing-floor, had descended by the
defective road past the cherry orchard and turned to the left, to
the long farmyard, lying well dried and golden-hued in the sun, his
heart actually began to beat violently. Here he was, at home, at last.
And as he mounted the porch and stepped across the threshold, Kuzma
gave vent to a sigh, and, making the sign of the cross on brow and
breast, he bowed low before the dark holy picture in the corner of the
ante-room....

And for a long time he cared not whether the Russian people had a
future or not. He roamed about the manor estate, the village; he
sat for hours at a time on the doorsteps of the cottages, on the
threshing-floors--watching the inhabitants of Durnovka, enjoying the
possibility of breathing pure air, of chatting with his new neighbours.




II


Opposite the house, with their rear to Durnovka, to the wide ravine,
stood the storehouses. From the porch, half of the village was visible,
and beyond the storehouses the pond and a part of the promontory--one
windmill and the schoolhouse. The sun rose to the left, beyond the
fields, beyond the railway line on the horizon. In the morning the pond
glittered with a bright, fresh exhalation, and from the park behind the
house was wafted an odour of foliage from evergreens and leaf trees,
steppe grass, apples, and dew. The rooms were small and empty. In the
study, papered with old music sheets, rye was stored; in the hall and
the drawing-room no furniture was left save a few Viennese chairs
with broken seats and a large extension table. The windows of the
drawing-room overlooked the park, and during almost the entire autumn
Kuzma passed the night in it, on a broken-down couch, without closing
the windows. The floor was never swept: the widow Odnodvorka lived
there temporarily, in the capacity of cook; she had been the mistress
of young Durnovo, and was obliged to run after her small children and
prepare food, after a fashion, for herself, Kuzma, and the labourer.
Kuzma himself prepared the samovar in the morning, after which he sat
at the window in the hall and drank tea and ate apples.

Through the early glitter, beyond the brilliant mist over the ploughed
fields, the railway train dashed past in the morning; and, above,
rose-coloured wreaths floated behind it. Dense smoke hung over the
roofs of the village. The garden was freshly fragrant; silvery
hoar-frost lay upon the storehouses. At noon the sun stood over the
village; it was hot out of doors; in the park the maples and lindens
grew thin, quietly dropping their leaves; the vast spaces and the
transparent dry air of the fields were filled with silence and with
peace. The doves, warmed up by the sun, dozed all day long on the
sloping roof of the kitchen, whose new straw roof gleamed yellow
against the clear blue sky. The labourer rested after his dinner.
Odnodvorka went off to her own home.

But Kuzma roamed about. He went to the threshing-floor, rejoicing in
the sun, the firm road, the withered steppe grass, the beet-tops which
had turned dark brown, the charming late flower of the blue chicory,
and the down of the cotton thistle floating quietly through the air.
The ploughed spaces in the fields gleamed in the sunlight with the
silken threads of barely visible spiders’ webs, which extended to an
immense distance. In the vegetable garden, goldfinches perched on the
dry stalks of the burdocks. Upon the threshing-floor, amid the profound
stillness in the sultry heat, grasshoppers diligently emitted their
hoarse cry.

From the threshing-floor Kuzma climbed across the earthen well and
returned to the manor-house through the orchard and the fir plantation.
In the orchard he chatted with the petty burghers, the lessees of
the orchard, with the Bride and the Goat, who were gathering up the
windfalls, and forced his way, in their company, into the nettle
patch where lay the ripest fruit of all. Sometimes he wandered to the
village, to the schoolhouse. He became freshened up, sunburned; he felt
himself almost happy.

The Goat amazed him by her health, her cheery stupidity, her
senselessly brilliant Egyptian eyes. The Bride was handsome and
strange. With him, as with Tikhon, she remained silent; not a word was
to be got out of her. But when one went away she gave vent to a harsh
laugh, indulged in bawling conversations with the petty burghers, and
would suddenly strike up:

  “Let them thrash me, curse me--
  My pretty eyes will twinkle more ...”

The soldier-teacher, born stupid, had lost in the service what small
wits he had ever possessed. In appearance he was the most commonplace
sort of peasant, about forty years of age. But he always spoke in such
an extraordinary manner, and uttered such nonsense, that all one could
do was to throw up one’s hands in despair. He was for ever smiling with
the greatest appearance of slyness at something or other; he looked
down upon his interlocutor condescendingly, with his eyes screwed up,
and never replied to any question immediately.

“How am I to address you?” Kuzma asked him the first time he visited
the school.

The soldier blinked and considered the matter. “The sheep without a
name might be a ram,” he said at last, at his leisure. “But I will ask
you something also. Is Adam a name, or is it not?”

“It is.”

“Very well. And about how many people, for example, have died since
then?”

“I don’t know,” said Kuzma. “Why do you inquire?”

“Simply because that’s one of the things we never were born to
understand. Now, take any busybody you like. Do you indulge in revolt?
Do it, my dear man: perhaps you will become a _fit_-marshal! Only,
at best, that they may stretch you out without your breeches for a
flogging. Are you a peasant? Till the soil. Are you a cooper? In that
case, equally, attend to your business. I, for example, am a soldier
and a veterinary. Not long ago I was passing through the Fair, and
what should I see but a horse with the glanders? I went at once to the
policeman: ‘Thus and so,’ says I, ‘Your High Well-born.’ ‘But can you
kill that horse with a feather?’ ‘With the greatest pleasure!’”

“With what sort of a feather?” inquired Kuzma.

“Why, a goose feather. I took it, sharpened it, jabbed it into his
spinal cord, blew a little--into the feather, I mean--and the thing was
done. ’Tis a simple matter, to all appearance, but just try to do it!”
And the soldier winked craftily and tapped his brow with his finger:
“Understanding is needed here.”

Kuzma shrugged his shoulders and made no reply. And as he passed
Odnodvorka’s cottage he found out from her boy Senka what the soldier’s
name was. It turned out to be Parmen.

“And what’s your task for to-morrow?” added Kuzma, gazing with
curiosity at Senka’s fiery red mop of hair, his lively green eyes, his
pock-marked face, his rickety little body, and his hands and feet all
cracked with mud and chaps.

“The tasks are verses,” said Senka, grasping his uplifted foot in his
right hand and hopping up and down on one spot.

“What sort of tasks?”

“Counting the geese. A flock of geese has flown past--”

“Ah, I know,” said Kuzma. “And what else?”

“Also mice--”

“They are to be counted too?”

“Yes. Six mice were walking along carrying six copper coins,” mumbled
Senka rapidly, casting a sidelong glance at Kuzma’s silver watch chain.
“One mouse, which was bigger, carried two coins. How many does that
make in all--?”

“Splendid. And what are the verses?”

Senka released his foot.

“The verses are ‘Who is he?’”

“Have you learned them?”

“Yes, I have.”

“Well, then, say them.”

And Senka muttered still more rapidly about a horseman who was riding
above the Neva through the forests, where there were only--

  “‘Firs, pine-trees, and green moss....’”

“Grey,” said Kuzma, “not green.”

“Well, then, grey,” assented Senka.

“And who was that horseman?”

Senka considered the matter. “Why, a sorcerer,” said he.

“Exactly. Now, tell your mother that she ought to cut your hair, on
your temples at least. ’Tis all the worse for you as it is, when the
teacher pulls it.”

“Then he’ll find my ears,” said Senka unconcernedly, again grasping his
foot, and off he hopped on the pasture common.




III


The promontory and Durnovka lived in a state of perpetual enmity
and mutual disdain, as adjoining villages always do. The promontory
dwellers regarded the Durnovka folk in the light of bandits and
beggars, while the Durnovka people returned the compliment precisely
and in full measure. Durnovka was “gentry property,” while on the
promontory dwelt “boors,” one-farm petty owners--more properly
speaking, the remains of the one-farm people who had emigrated to
the Tomsk Government. Odnodvorka was the only person who was not
included in this enmity, these quarrels. Small, thin, dependable, she
was lively, even-tempered, and agreeable in intercourse; and she was
observant. She knew every family on the promontory and in Durnovka as
well as if it were her own; she was the first to inform the manor-house
of every smallest happening in the life of the village. And every one
was also thoroughly well acquainted with her life.

She never concealed anything from anybody; she talked calmly and
simply about her husband and Durnovo and stated that she had become a
procuress when he went away. “What could I do?” she said, with a faint
sigh. “I was dreadfully poor; I had not enough bread even after the new
harvest. My good husband loved me, to speak the plain truth, but one
has to submit, you know. The master gave three whole carloads of rye
for me. ‘What can I do?’ I said to my husband. ’Twas plain, I must go,
he said. He went for the rye, dragged home measure after measure, and
his tears drip-dripped, drip-dripped all the while.”

And, after a moment’s thought, she added:

“Well, and later on, when the master went away, and my husband went to
Rostoff, I began to bring people together, as chance occurred. You’re
immoral dogs, the Lord forgive you!”

By day she toiled, never pausing for a moment; by night she mended,
sewed, stole snow-screens from the railway. Once late at night, when
Kuzma was driving to Tikhon Ilitch, he ascended a hillock and halted
paralyzed with fright: across the ploughed land, half deluged in
darkness, on a faintly smouldering strip of the sunset, something
black, huge, sprang up and bore down smoothly on Kuzma.

“Who’s that?” he shouted feebly, tugging at his reins.

“Oï!” feebly and in affright shouted that which had so swiftly and
smoothly sprung up against the sky; and it disappeared with a crash.

Kuzma recovered himself--and instantly recognized, in the darkness,
Odnodvorka. She had been running toward him on her light, unshod feet,
all bent together with the weight of two screens a fathom long--the
sort that are set up, in winter, along the railway line, to protect it
from snowdrifts. And, having rearranged herself, she whispered, with a
quiet laugh:

“You frightened me to death. When one runs off somewhere of a night,
one is all a-tremble, but what can one do? The whole village uses these
for firewood, and that’s the only way we save ourselves from freezing.”

The farm-hand Koshel, on the other hand, was a man not devoid of
interest. There was nothing one could talk about with him, and he was
not loquacious by nature. Like the majority of the Durnovka people, he
merely repeated antiquated, insignificant apophthegms, reasserted that
which had been known for many a long year. If the weather turned bad
he cast an eye at the sky: “The weather’s spoiling. Rain is what the
growing green things most need at the present moment.” The fields were
ploughed a second time, and he remarked: “If you won’t give a second
ploughing you’ll be left without bread. That’s what the old people have
always said.”

He had been a soldier in his day--had been in the Caucasus--but the
military life had left no traces on him. He was unable to pronounce the
word “post-office” properly: he called it “spost-office.” He could tell
absolutely nothing whatsoever about the Caucasus, with the exception of
the facts that mountain followed mountain there, and that terribly hot
and strange waters spurted out of the ground. If you placed a piece of
mutton in them, it was boiled in one minute, and if you didn’t take it
out at the proper time, it got raw again. And he was not in the least
proud of the fact that he had seen the world; he even bore himself
with scorn toward people who knew the world. It is well understood
that people only “rove about” because they are forced to do so, or
through poverty. He never believed a single rumour--“all lies!”--but he
did believe, and swore to it as a fact, that not long ago a witch had
rolled in the form of a wheel through the twilight shades near Basovka,
and that one peasant, who was no fool, had taken and caught hold of
that wheel and thrust his belt through the hub and tied it fast.

“Well, and what happened next?” asked Kuzma.

“What?” replied Koshel. “That witch waked up early in the morning,
and, lo and behold, that belt was sticking out her mouth and behind,
and was tied fast over her stomach.”

“But why didn’t she untie it?”

“Evidently, the knot had had the sign of the cross made over it.”

“And aren’t you ashamed to believe such nonsense?”

“What is there for me to be ashamed of? People lie, and I let them
talk.”

So Kuzma only liked to hear the man’s songs. As he sat in the darkness
at the open window, without a light anywhere, with the village barely
discernible like a black spot on the other side of the ravine, it was
so quiet round about that the apples could be heard falling from the
wild apple trees beyond the corner of the house. And Koshel walked
slowly about the farmyard with his mallet, and with a serene melancholy
hummed to himself in his falsetto voice: “Cease your song, canary,
little bird.” He kept watch over the manor until morning and slept
by day. He had hardly anything to do: Tikhon Ilitch had made haste
to settle up Durnovka affairs betimes that year, and out of all the
cattle only one horse and a cow remained. So things were quiet, even
rather boresome, at the manor-house. The clear days were followed
by colder days, bluish-grey, soundless. The goldfinches and tomtits
began to whistle in the bare park, the cross-bills to pipe in the fir
trees, the cedar-birds made their appearance, bullfinches, and some
sort of leisurely tiny birds which hopped in flocks from place to
place on the threshing-floor, whose supports were already sprouting
with bright green new growths; sometimes a very silent, light little
bird of that sort perched all alone on a spear of grass in the field.
In the vegetable gardens behind Durnovka, the last potatoes were
being dug among the sheaves. And at times, as evening drew on, some
one of the peasants would stand there for a long space, absorbed in
thought and gazing at the fields, as he bore on his back a plaited
basket filled with ears of grain. Darkness began to fall early, and at
the manor-house they said: “How late the train passes by nowadays!”
although there had been no change in the schedule of the trains. Kuzma
sat near the window and read newspapers all day long; he had written
down his spring trip to Kazakovo and his conversations with Akim; he
had jotted down remarks in an old account book--all he had seen and
heard in the village. What occupied his attention most of all was
Syery, the Grey Man.




IV


The village was deserted. Many had gone away to work on the clover.
Trifon had died in mid-August, at Assumption-tide--he had choked
himself, as he broke the fast, on a bit of raw ham. At the beginning of
September Komar, one of the chief rioters, renowned for his strength,
his cleverness, and his daring in his dealings with the members of
the gentry class, had entered a distillery near Eletz, fallen into the
malt-kiln while in a state of intoxication, and been suffocated. No
one had known that he was there, and the door had been bolted. Komar
had bent the door in his efforts to escape into the air, but evidently
such a death had been written in his fate. Another rebel, Vanka Krasny,
had again betaken himself to the Donetz mines. The harness-maker was
working about on different estates. Rodka was working on the railway.
Deniska had disappeared somewhere. And everybody hypocritically
pitied Syery, taking advantage of the opportunity to ridicule both
son and father. Yakoff’s hands trembled when he began to talk about
Syery. And what could they do but tremble? What had that Syery done
with the land which Yakoff was ready to “devour in handfuls”? No one
in all Durnovka suffered the hundredth part of what Yakoff suffered
when rumours became current about rebellions, cases of arson, and
the expropriation of land. He merely held his peace--thanks to that
subterranean secretiveness which thousands of his forebears had sucked
in with their mothers’ milk. And, indeed, his breath would have failed
him had he tried to speak. Now, when the rumours became more and more
desperate, he even became reconciled to his son Vaska, for the sake
of the land. His son was a pock-marked, rough, thickset young fellow,
all overgrown with a beard at the age of twenty, broad-shouldered,
curly-haired, and so strong that even pincers could not have pulled out
a single one of his hairs. The son, with that beard, his head closely
clipped, garbed in a red shirt, resembled a convict, but he dressed his
wife in the style of a petty citizen of the towns. He had turned out
the image of his father so far as greed was concerned, and had already
begun to trade secretly in vodka, coarse tobacco, soap, and kerosene.
And Yakoff became reconciled, in the hope of satisfying his land-hunger
by the aid of his son--in the hope that he might become rich and begin
to lease it. Why did Syery make peace with Deniska, who had repeatedly
given him “a healthy drubbing”? What was he hoping for, that he thus
altered his course, like the poorest beggar? He had leased his land,
he did not live out on jobs. He sat at home cold and hungry and had
no thought for anything save how he might procure the wherewithal
for a smoke: he could not get through the day without his pipe. He
attended all the village assemblies, but always arrived just as they
were coming to an end. He never missed a single wedding or baptism or
funeral, although he huddled up against the door; and when he extended
his hand to the host, who was serving refreshments to his guests,
he not infrequently received nothing but rough denunciations. Syery
did not care greatly for liquor, but no drinking to seal a bargain
ever passed off without his presence: he intruded himself not only
into all the community drinking-bouts, but also into all those of his
neighbours--after purchases, sales, and exchanges. And his neighbours
had grown so accustomed to this that they were not even surprised when
Syery presented himself. And he really was entertaining to listen to.

“He is valiant, so far as words go,” people said of Syery. And it was
true: if he were at ease in his mind--and he was at ease when his pouch
was filled with tobacco--what an active, serious peasant Syery could
appear to be!

“Well, now, ’tis time to marry off my son,” he argued in leisurely
fashion, as he held his pipe between his teeth and ground the stalks of
the coarse tobacco by strong rubbing in his palms. “If he gets married,
he’ll bring every kopek home, he will become eager for work, he’ll take
to digging round about the house as a beetle burrows in a dung-heap.
And we’re not afraid of work, brother! Only give us a chance!”

But Syery almost never had either peace of mind or work. His appearance
justified his nickname: he was grey, lean, of medium stature, with
sloping shoulders; his short coat was extremely short, tattered, and
dirty; his felt boots were broken and their soles were made of rope;
as for his cap, it is not worth mentioning at all. As he sat in his
cottage, with this cap eternally on his head, his pipe never removed
from his mouth, and anxiously meditated upon something or other, he
had the appearance of living in imminent vague expectation. But,
according to his own statement, he had devilish bad luck. Nothing
worth while ever came his way. Well, and he didn’t care about playing
jackstraws--taking chances. Every one was on the watch to condemn a
man, of course. “’Tis well known that the tongue can break bones,
though it has none itself,” Syery was wont to remark. “Do you first
place the job in my hand, and then you can jabber.”

He had a fairly large amount of land--three desyatini. But he was taxed
for ten. And Syery no longer put a hand to his land: “You simply have
to give it up, that land: dear heart, it ought to be kept in proper
order, but where’s the order here?” He himself planted no more than
half a field, and even the grain in that he sold standing--he “got rid
of the unwelcome for the welcome.” And again he had a reason ready:
“Only wait to see what comes of it--just you try it!”

“’Tis always better, for example, to await the upshot of anything,”
muttered Yakoff with a sidelong glance and a malicious laugh.

But Syery laughed also, sadly and scornfully. “Yes, ’tis better!” he
grinned. “It’s all well enough for you to chatter nonsense: you’ve got
a husband for your girl, and married off your son. But just look at me
and the lot of small children who sit in the corner at my house. They
don’t belong to other folks, you see. And I keep a goat for them, and
I’m fattening a young pig. They have to have food and drink, don’t
they?”

“Well, but a goat is nothing new, for example, in such cases,” retorted
Yakoff, getting angry. “The trouble with you is, for example, that you
think of nothing but vodka and tobacco, tobacco and vodka.” And, in
order to avoid a senseless quarrel with his neighbour, he hastened to
get away from Syery.

But Syery calmly and practically shouted after him: “A drunkard will
come to his senses, brother, but a fool never will.”

After sharing his property with his brother, Syery had wandered about
for a long time, living in hired lodgings, and had got jobs in the
town and on divers estates. He also went to work on the clover. And,
on that job, luck one day came his way. An organized gang of workmen
which Syery had joined engaged themselves to get in a large crop at
eighty kopeks a pud,[33] but behold, the crop turned out twice as heavy
as had been calculated. They winnowed it, and Syery was hired to run
the machine. He drove some of the grain out through the waste-spout
and bought it. And he grew rich: that same autumn he built a brick
cottage. But his calculations had been faulty: it turned out that the
cottage must be heated. And where was the money to come from? that was
the question. Why, there was not even enough to provide food. So it
became necessary to burn the top of the cottage; and there it stood,
roofless, for a year, and turned completely black. And the chimney
went for the price of a horse-collar. There were no horses as yet,
it is true; but, naturally, one must begin to fit oneself out some
time or other. And Syery let his arms fall by his side in despair: he
decided to sell the cottage, to build a cheaper one of beaten clay.
His argument ran as follows: There must be in the cottage--well, at
the very least, ten thousand bricks; he could sell them for five or
even six rubles a thousand; the sum-total, of course, would be about
one hundred and fifty rubles. But it turned out that there were only
three thousand five hundred bricks, and he was forced to accept two
rubles and a half for each girder, instead of five rubles. And for a
long time a bare mound of rubbish occupied the site of the splendid
cottage, solidifying under the rain: there was no money available for
clearing it away, and one’s hands simply refused to undertake the task.
Yakoff harangued on the subject: “Matters ought, for example, to have
been more cheaply managed from the start.” “But, devil take it,” Syery
said to himself, “a cheap thing doesn’t last long, does it?” And, much
troubled in mind, he proceeded to look up a new cottage--and spent a
whole year in bargaining for precisely those which were beyond his
means. He had reconciled himself to his present domicile merely in the
firm expectation of a future cottage which should be strong, spacious,
and warm.

“I simply don’t intend to live on here!” he snapped one day.

Yakoff stared at him attentively and shook his cap. “Exactly so. That
means you are expecting your ships to come in?”

“They’ll come, all right,” replied Syery mysteriously.

“Oï, drop your nonsense,” said Yakoff. “Get yourself a place
somewhere--anywhere you can--and keep your teeth, for example, in their
proper place.”

But the thought of a fine farmstead, good order, some suitable, real
work, poisoned Syery’s entire life. He got bored when working in a
place.

“Evidently, working at home isn’t as sweet as honey, either,” said his
neighbours.

“Never you mind, it might be honey-sweet if the house were managed
sensibly!”

“Just so. And will you take a place by the month, or until the working
season?”

“I’ll get one, never fear. Oversight is needed at home, isn’t it?”

“But all you do is to sit in the house and smoke your pipe.”

“What am I to do, then? can’t I even smoke?”

And Syery, suddenly becoming animated, jerked the cold pipe out of his
mouth and began his favourite story: how, while still a bachelor, he
had lived two full years honestly and nobly at the house of a priest
near Eletz. “Yes, and if I were to go there this minute, they would
fairly tear me to pieces with joy!” he exclaimed. “I need say only one
word: ‘I’ve come, papa, to work for you--will you take me or not?’ ‘But
why do you ask that, light of my life? Don’t I know you? Yes, good
Lord, live here with us for ever and ever, if you will’!”

“Well, and you might go there, for example--”

“I might go there! Look at them--all those brats in the corner! We know
all about that; ’tis another man’s grief, I’ll not meddle. But a man is
being wasted here, in vain.”




V


Syery was being wasted, in vain, this year also. He had sat at home
all winter long, with care-worn countenance, without light, cold
and hungry. During the Great Fast (Lent), he had managed somehow or
other to get a place with Rusanoff, near Tula: no one in his own
neighbourhood would any longer give him a place. But before the month
was out, Rusanoff’s establishment had become more repulsive to him than
a bitter radish.

“Oï, young fellow!” the manager once remarked to him. “I can see right
through you: you are picking a quarrel so that you can take to your
heels. Here, you dog, here’s your money in advance, and now be off with
you into the bushes!”

“Perhaps some sort of vagabond might take himself off, but not me,”
retorted Syery sharply.

But the manager did not understand the hint. And it became necessary
to adopt more decisive means. One day Syery was set to hauling in some
husks for the cattle. He went to the threshing-floor and began to load
a cart with straw. The manager came along:

“Didn’t I tell you, in good plain Russian, to load up with husks?”

“’Tis not the right time to load them,” replied Syery firmly.

“Why not?”

“Sensible farmers give husks for dinner, not at night.”

“And how do you come to be a teacher?”

“I don’t like to starve the cattle. That’s all there is to my being a
teacher.”

“But you are hauling straw.”

“One must know the proper time for everything.”

“Stop loading this very minute.”

Syery turned pale. “No, I won’t stop my work. I can’t stop my work.”

“Hand me over that fork, you dog, and get out, lest worse happen.”

“I’m no dog, but a baptized Christian man. When I’ve driven in this
load, I’ll get out. And I’ll go for good.”

“Well, brother, that’s not likely! You’ll go away, and pretty soon
you’ll be back again--and get locked up in the county jail.”

Syery leaped from the cart and hurled his pitchfork into the straw:
“I’m going to be locked up, am I?”

“Yes, you are!”

“Hey, young fellow, see that you don’t get locked up yourself! As if
we didn’t know something about you! The master has nothing good to say
about you, either, brother--”

The manager’s fat cheeks became suffused with dark blood, his eyeballs
protruded until they seemed all whites. With the back of his wrist he
thrust his peaked cap over on the nape of his neck and, drawing a deep
breath, he rapidly ejaculated: “A--ah! So that’s the way of it! Hasn’t
a good word to say of me? Tell me, if that’s the case--why not?”

“I have nothing to say,” mumbled Syery, feeling his legs
instantaneously grow cold with fear.

“Yes, you have, brother: you’re talking nonsense--you’ll tell!”

“Well, and what became of the flour?” suddenly shouted Syery.

“The flour? What flour?”

“The stolen flour. From the mill.”

The manager seized Syery by the collar in a death-like grip, fit to
suffocate him, and for the space of a moment the two stood stock still.

“What do you mean by it--grabbing a man like that, by his shirt?”
calmly inquired Syery. “Do you want to choke me?” Then, all of a
sudden, he began to squeak furiously: “Come on, thrash me, thrash while
your heart is hot!” And with a jerk he wrenched himself free and seized
his pitchfork.

“Come on, men!” the manager yelled, although there was no one anywhere
in the vicinity. “Help the manager! Hearken to this: he tried to stab
me to death, the dog!”

“Don’t come near me, or I’ll break your nose,” said Syery, balancing
his pitchfork. “Don’t forget, times are not what they used to be!”

But at this point the manager made a wide sweep with his arm, and Syery
flew headlong into the straw.

The melancholy which had once more begun to take powerful effect on
Kuzma along with the change in weather, went on constantly increasing
in force in proportion to his closer acquaintance with Dumovka,
with Syery. At first the latter was merely sad and ridiculous: what
a stupid man! Then he became irritating and repulsive: a degenerate!
All summer long he had sat on the doorstep of his cottage smoking,
waiting for favours from the Duma. All the autumn he had roamed from
farmstead to farmstead, in the hope of attaching himself to some one
who was bound for the clover work. On a hot, sunny day a new grain-rick
on the edge of the village took fire. Syery was the first person to
present himself at the conflagration, where he shouted himself hoarse,
singed his eyelashes off, and got drenched to the skin directing the
water-carriers and the men who, pitchforks in hand, flung themselves
into the huge rosy-golden flame, dragging out in all directions the
blazing thatches, and those who merely dashed about in the midst of the
fire, the crackling flames, the gushing water, the uproar, the holy
pictures, casks, and spinning-wheels heaped up near the cottages, the
sobbing women, and the showers of blackened leaves scattered abroad
from the burnt bushes. But what did he do that was practical? In
October, when, after inundating rains and an icy storm, the pond froze
over and a neighbour’s boar-pig slipped from an ice-clad mound, broke
through the ice, and began to drown, Syery was the first to arrive at
full speed, leap into the water, and save it. But why? In order that
he might be the hero of the day, that he might have the right to rush
from the pond into the servants’ hall, demand vodka, tobacco, and a
bite to eat. At first he was all purple; his teeth were chattering;
he could barely move his white lips as he dressed himself from head to
foot in some one else’s clothes--Koshel’s. Then he became animated, got
intoxicated, began to brag--and once more narrated how he had served
honestly, nobly, at a priest’s, and how cleverly he had married off
his daughter several years previously. He sat at the table greedily
devouring chunks of raw ham and announcing in self-satisfied wise:

“Good. Matriushka, my girl, you see, had been making up to that Yegor.
Well, she made eyes at him and made up to him. Nothing happened. One
evening I was sitting, so, near the window, when I saw Yegor walk
past the cottage once, then again--and that daughter of mine keeps
diving, diving toward the window. That signifies, says I to myself,
that they’ve settled matters. And I said to my wife: ‘Do you go give
the cattle their fodder: I’m off, summoned to the village assembly.’
I set myself down on the straw behind the cottage, and there I sat
and waited. And the first snow began to fall. And I saw Yegorka come
sneaking along again. And she was on hand too. They went behind the
cellar-house; then--they whisked into the cottage, the new empty one
alongside. I waited a bit--”

“A nice story!” remarked Kuzma, with an embarrassed laugh.

But Syery took that for praise, for enthusiasm over his cleverness and
craft. And, feeling himself a hero, he went on, now raising his voice,
now viciously lowering it: “So there I sat and listened, and waited
to find out what would happen next. So, as I was saying, I waited a
bit--then after them I went. I leaped over the threshold--and straight
at her, and seized her! Weren’t they frightened, though--horribly! He
tumbled flat on the floor, as limp as a sack--helpless enough for any
one to cut his throat--while she went off in a faint--lay there like
a dead duck. ‘Well,’ says he, ‘now thrash me.’ That was what he said.
‘I don’t ne-ed to thrash you,’ says I. I took his coat, and I took his
waistcoat, too--left him in his drawers only--pretty nearly in the
condition when his mother gave him birth. ‘Now,’ says I, ‘get out,
go wherever you please.’ And I myself set out for my house. I looked
round--and he was behind me. The snow was white, and he was white, and
he was sniffling. He had no place to go--whither could he run? But my
Matryona Mikolavna rushes off to the fields the minute I am out of the
cottage! She went at a lively pace--a woman neighbour had difficulty
in grabbing her by the sleeve when she had got almost to Basovka, and
brought her to me. I let her rest a while, then I said: ‘We are poor
folks, ain’t we?’ She said never a word. ‘And your mother--is she a
poor wretch, or is she a decent woman?’ No answer. ‘You’ve put us to
shame. Hey, haven’t you? What do you mean by it--are you thinking
you’ll fill my house with that sort, with your bastards--and I’m to
shut my eyes to what’s going on? Seeing how poor we are, you ought to
watch what you’re about, and not make us a laughing-stock, dragging
your maiden braids all over the place--you trash!’ Then I began to tan
her hide--I had a fine suitable little whip on hand. Well, to say it
simply, I cut up her whole body to such a degree that she slid down
at my feet and kissed my felt boots, while he sat up on the bench and
yelled. Then I began on him, the dear man--”

“And did he marry her?” inquired Kuzma.

“I should say he did!” exclaimed Syery; and, conscious that
intoxication was getting the better of him, he began to scrape up the
fragments of ham from the platter and stuff them into the pockets of
his breeches. “And what a wedding we made of it! As for the expense, I
don’t have to blink my eyes over that, brother!”




VI


“Well, that was a fine tale!” Kuzma meditated within himself, for a
long time after that evening. And the weather turned bad, to boot. He
did not feel like writing; his melancholy increased in strength. The
poverty and lack of practical common sense on the part of Syery and
Deniska amazed him: the village was rotting! The beastly tale of the
Bride’s experience in the orchard, the death of Rodka, stupefied him.
The life of Tikhon Ilitch astonished him. And it certainly took a good
deal to astonish him! Didn’t he know his country, his people? With
grief and anger he poured out his heart to Tikhon Ilitch, exhorted him,
stung him. But if Tikhon Ilitch had only known with what joy Kuzma
rushed to the window when he espied on the porch his overcoat, his
peaked cap, and his grey beard! How afraid he was lest his brother
would not spend the night with him, how he tried to detain him as long
as possible, dragged him into discussions, reminiscences! Kuzma found
the situation tiresome late in the autumn; ugh, how boresome! The
sole joy he had was when some one presented himself with a petition.
Gololoby from Baskova came several times--a peasant with a perfectly
bald head and a huge cap--to write a complaint against his daughter’s
father-in-law for breaking his collar-bone. The widow Butylotchka came
from the promontory to have a letter written to her son; and she was a
mass of rags, wet through and icy cold with the rain. She was tearful
when she began to dictate.

“Town of Serpukhoff, at the Nobility Bath-Zheltukhin house--”

Here she burst out weeping.

“Well, what next?” asked Kuzma, sorrowfully gazing sidewise at
Butylotchka, after the fashion of old people, over his eyeglasses.
“Well, I’ve written that. What more?”

“What more?” inquired Butylotchka in a whisper, and, making an effort
to control her voice, she went on: “Write further, my dear, in your
very best style: To be given to Mikhail Nazarytch Khlusoff--into his
own hands, you understand--” Then she began--now with pauses, now
entirely without: “A letter to our dear and beloved son, Misha, why
have you forgotten us, Misha, we haven’t had a word from you. You know
yourself that we are living in lodgings, and now they are turning us
out, and where are we to go now. Our dear little son Misha, we beg you,
for the Lord God’s sake, that you will come home as fast as you can--”
And once more, through her tears, in a whisper: “Then you and we will
dig out an earthen hut, and so we shall be in a home of our own....”

The storms and icy downpours of rain, the days that seemed all
twilight, the mud at the manor-farm, all besprinkled with the fine
yellow foliage of the acacias, the boundless ploughed fields and
fields of winter grain round about Durnovka, and the dark clouds which
endlessly hung over them--all began once more to oppress him with a
fierce hatred for this accursed country where there were eight months
of snow-storms and four of rain-storms; where for the commonest needs
of nature one was forced to go to the barn or the cherry-shed. When the
bad weather set in it became necessary to board up the drawing-room
closely and move into the hall, so as to sleep all winter long there,
and dine, and smoke, and pass the long evenings by the light of a dim
kitchen lamp, pacing from corner to corner, muffled up in overcoat and
cap, which barely protected one from the cold and the wind that blew in
through the crevices. Sometimes it happened that they forgot to renew
the supply of kerosene, and Kuzma passed the twilight hours wholly
without a light; and at times, of an evening, he lighted a candle
end merely for the purpose of supping off potato soup and warm wheat
groats, which the Bride served in silence and with a stern countenance.

“Whither can I go?” Kuzma said to himself, once in a while.

There were only three neighbours in the immediate vicinity: old
Princess Shakova, who did not receive even the Marshal of Nobility,
because she regarded him as ill-bred; the retired gendarme Zakrzhevsky,
a hæmorrhoidally vicious and self-conceitedly stupid man who would not
have permitted Kuzma to cross his threshold; and, finally, a member of
the gentry, Basoff, a petty landed proprietor who lived in a peasant
cottage, had married the dissipated widow of a soldier, and could talk
of nothing but horse-collars and cattle. Father Petr, the priest from
Kolodeza, of which Durnovka was a parish, called once upon Kuzma. But
neither the one nor the other cared to continue the acquaintance.
Kuzma entertained the priest with nothing stronger than tea--and the
priest laughed harshly and awkwardly when he saw the samovar on the
table. “A samovar-man! Capital! You, I see, are no match for your good
brother--you’re not lavish in your entertainment!” Kuzma announced
frankly that he never went to church, out of conviction. The priest
began to shout with laughter in more amazement than ever, and still
more harshly and loudly: “A--ah! Those nice little new ideas! Capital!
And it’s cheaper, too!” Laughter was not in the least becoming to
him: it was as if some one else were laughing for that tall, lean man
with the big cheek-bones and coarse black hair, the furtive greedy
eyes--anxiously absent-minded eyes, for ever meditating something
offensive and tactlessly free of manner. “But at night, surely, at
night you cross yourself, nevertheless--you get scared?” he said,
loudly and hurriedly, as he put on his coat and overshoes in the
ante-room, amazing Kuzma by his queries concerning the management of
the farm, and suddenly beginning to address him as “thou.”

“Yes, I make the sign of the cross,” admitted Kuzma, with a melancholy
smile. “But, you know, fear is not faith, and I don’t cross myself to
your God.”

Kuzma did not go often to visit his brother. And the latter came to him
only when he was perturbed over something. Altogether, the loneliness
was so desperate that at times Kuzma called himself Dreyfus on Devil’s
Island. He compared himself to Syery. Ah, and he too, like Syery, was
poor, weak of will, forced out of his proper course, and all his life
had been waiting for some happy days, for work.

An unpleasant memory lingered of drunken Syery’s bravery, his story,
his boastfulness. But, ordinarily, Syery was not like that, even when
he was intoxicated: he was merely loquacious, troubled by something,
and merry in a timid way. Moreover, he did not have an opportunity
to get drunk more than five times in the course of a year. He was
not eager for liquor--not at all as he was for tobacco. For the sake
of tobacco he was ready to endure any and all humiliations; ready
to sit for hours by the side of a man who was smoking, agree with
everything he said, flatter him, do anything in order that he might,
after awaiting a favourable moment, say as if quite accidentally:
“Pray, gossip, give me a filling for my pipe.” He was passionately
fond, also, of cards, long conversations, evening reunions in the
cottages--in those cottages where there were large families, where it
was warm, and where a light was burning; where itinerant wool-carders
prepared the wool, and roving tailors made winter coats. But people
were not, as yet, assembling thus in the cottages, and Syery sat at
home. After Kuzma had been to see him a few times he felt that it was
not right to bear malice toward Syery or to make fun of him. Syery
lived on what was earned by day-labour during the working season--by
his wife, a peaceable, silent, rather crack-brained woman--and on what
he managed to beg from Deniska (who now and then made his appearance
in Durnovka with his valise, white bread, and sausage, of which he
was inordinately fond, cursing the Tsar and the gentry without the
slightest restraint). At the first snowfall Syery went away somewhere
and was gone for a week. He returned home in a gloomy mood.

“Have you been at Rusanoff’s again?” the neighbours inquired.

“Yes, I have,” replied Syery.

“Why?”

“He was urging me to hire with him.”

“Just so. You did not consent?”

“More stupid than he I have never been and never shall be, for ever and
a day. You don’t suppose I signed the contract with my own blood?”

And Syery sat there on the bench for a long time, without removing
his cap. And the mere sight of his cottage in the twilight made one
sad at heart. In the twilight, beyond the broad snow-covered ravine,
Durnovka lay in melancholy blackness, with its grain-ricks and bushes
in the back yards. But when darkness fully descended, and the little
lights began to twinkle, it seemed as if all were peaceful and cosy
in the cottages. Syery’s hut alone remained disagreeably black. It
was dull, dead. Kuzma knew all about it: if you entered its half-open
ante-room, you felt almost as if you were on the threshold of some
wild beast’s lair. There was an odour of snow; through the holes in
the roof the gloomy sky was visible; the wind rustled the manure and
the dry branches which had been tossed at haphazard upon the rafters;
if, by feeling about, you found the slanting wall and opened door, you
would encounter cold, darkness, a frost-covered little window barely
discernible through the gloom. No one was to be seen, but one could
guess how things were: the master of the house was sitting on the
bench--his pipe glowed with a tiny fire; the housewife was quietly
rocking a squeaking cradle in which a pale child with the rickets, and
drowsy with hunger, was jolting about. The brood of small children
had taken refuge on top of the oven, which was barely warm, and were
vivaciously narrating something to one another in a whisper. In the
rotten straw beneath the sleeping-board, the goat and the suckling pig,
which were great chums, were rustling about. It was necessary to bend
down terribly, in order to avoid knocking one’s head on the ceiling.
Then, too, you could not turn about without taking precautions: the
distance between the threshold and the opposite wall was not more than
five paces.

“Who’s there?” a low voice resounded from the darkness.

“I.”

“It can’t be Kuzma Ilitch, can it?”

“’Tis he himself.”

Syery moves aside, makes room on the bench. Kuzma sits down and lights
his pipe. Oppressed by the darkness, Syery is simple, sad, confesses to
his weaknesses. Now and then his voice quivers.




VII


The long, snowy winter set in.

The plain, gleaming palely white beneath a bluish lowering sky,
appeared broader, more spacious, and even more deserted than ever.
The cottages, sheds, bushes, grain-ricks stood out sharply against
the new-fallen snow. Then the blizzards began and swept the country,
burying it under so much snow that the village assumed a bleak northern
aspect and began to show as its black points only the doors and tiny
windows, which hardly peeped out from beneath white snow caps pulled
well down, from amid the white masses of the earthen banks around the
houses. Following the blizzards, across the concealed grey surface of
the frozen crust on the fields swept cruel winds which tore away the
last remaining light-brown foliage from the unsheltered oak scrub in
the ravines. And then the one-farm owner, Taras Milyaeff, who resembled
a native Siberian and was as keen on hunting as a real Siberian, set
forth, plunging deep into the impenetrable snowdrifts, all dotted
with the footprints of hares, and the water barrels were converted
into frozen blocks, and slippery ice-coated hillocks formed around
the water-holes; the roads wound among snowdrifts--and the ordinary
winter conditions reigned. Epidemic diseases broke out in the villages:
smallpox, typhus, scarlet fever, croup. But those maladies had existed
uninterruptedly in the countryside since time immemorial, during the
winter season, and people had become so used to them that they made no
more mention of them than they did of changes in the weather. Around
the holes cut in the ice, at which all Durnovka drank, over the fetid
dark bottle-green water, the peasant women stood for days at a time,
bent low, with their petticoats tucked up higher than their bare blue
knees: they were in wet bast-slippers, and their heads were hugely
muffled. Out of their iron kettles of ashes they dragged their own grey
hempen chemises, patched to the waist with calico; their husbands’
heavy breeches; their children’s soiled swaddling-cloths--rinsed them
out, beat them with clothes-mallets, and screamed at one another,
imparting the information that their hands were “numbed from the
steam,” that at Makaroff’s homestead his wife was dying of the typhus,
that Yakoff’s daughter-in-law had got her throat stopped up. The
little girls capered out of the cottages, straight from the stoves,
with nothing on but their tiny chemises, and round the corner on the
mounds of hardened snow. The little boys, dressed in their fathers’
old clothes, slid down the hills on their rude sleds, flew head over
heels, screeched, were racked with terrible coughs, and returned home
at evening in a state of fever, with heavy, bewildered heads. They were
so chilled that they could barely move their lips as they begged for
a drink, and, after drinking, they crept tearfully upon the oven. But
even the mothers paid no attention to those who were ill. And darkness
settled down at three o’clock, and the shaggy dogs sat on the roofs,
almost on a level with the snowdrifts. Not a soul knew on what food
those dogs existed. Nevertheless they were lively, even ferocious.

People woke early in the manor-house. At daybreak in the blue darkness,
when the lights began to twinkle from the cottages, they made the fires
in the stoves, and through the crevices under the eaves slowly poured
the thick milky smoke. In the wing, with its frozen grey window, it
became as cold as in the vestibule. Kuzma was awakened by the banging
of doors and the rustling of frozen, snow-coated straw which Koshel
was dragging from the truck-sledge. His low, hoarse voice became
audible--the voice of a man who had risen earlier than any one else,
working on an empty stomach, and chilled through. The pipe of the
samovar began to rattle, and the Bride conversed with Koshel in a stern
whisper. She did not sleep in the servants’ quarters, where the roaches
bit arms and legs until they drew blood, but in the ante-room--and the
whole village was convinced that there was a good reason for this. The
village knew well what the Bride had undergone in the autumn: how she
had been overwhelmed with disgrace--Rodka’s death--how her mother had
gone away on a begging expedition, having locked up the empty cottage.
Silent, crushed by the burden of her sorrow, the Bride was more severe
and mournful than a cloistered nun. But what cared the village for
other people’s woes? Kuzma had already heard, from Odnodvorka, what was
being said in the village, and, as he woke, he always recalled it with
shame and disgust. He pounded on the wall with his fist and, clearing
his throat, began to smoke a cigarette: this quieted his heart and
relieved his chest. He slept under his sheepskin coat, and, loath to
part with the warmth, he continued to smoke, and said to himself: “A
shameless people! Why, I have a daughter almost as old as she is....”
The fact that a young woman slept on the other side of the partition
wall excited only paternal tenderness in him. By day she was taciturn
and serious, niggardly of words, shy with the modesty of a young
maiden. And when she was asleep, there was even something childlike,
sad, and lonely about her. One day she fell asleep after dinner on her
chest in the ante-room, her head wrapped in a hempen shawl, her legs
drawn up and one knee revealed. Her feet, in their bark shoes, lay in
womanly wise, and the chilled knee gleamed white like that of a little
girl. And Kuzma, as he passed her, turned away and called to her, so
that she woke up and covered it. But would the village believe that?
Even Tikhon Ilitch did not believe it: he laughed in a very peculiar
way, at times. Indeed, he always had been distrustful, suspicious,
coarse in his suspicions; and now he had completely lost his head. Say
what you would to him, he had one answer for everything.

“Have you heard, Tikhon Ilitch? They say that Zakrzhevsky is dying of
catarrh: they have taken him to Orel.”

“Stuff and nonsense. We know what that catarrh really is!”

“But the medical man told me.”

“Believe him if it suits you--”

“I want to subscribe to a newspaper,” you would say to him. “Please let
me have ten rubles of my wages on account.”

“Hm! Why does a man want to stuff his head with lies? Well, and to tell
the truth, I haven’t more than fifteen or twenty kopeks in my pocket--”

The Bride would enter the room, with downcast eyes: “We have hardly any
flour on hand, Tikhon Ilitch--”

“How comes that? Hardly any? Oï, you’re talking nonsense, woman!” And
he would contract his brows in a frown. And while he was proving that
the flour ought to last for another three days, at least, he kept
darting swift glances now at Kuzma, now at the Bride. Once he even
inquired, with a grin: “And how do you sleep--all right? are you warm?”

And the Bride, who was embarrassed already by his visits, blushed
deeply and, bowing her head, left the room, while Kuzma’s fingers
turned cold with shame and wrath.

“Shame on you, brother Tikhon Ilitch,” he blurted out, turning away to
the window. “And especially after what you told me yourself--”

“But then why did she blush?” inquired Tikhon Ilitch maliciously, with
a perturbed and awkward smile.




VIII


The most unpleasant thing in the morning was--washing oneself. A frosty
atmosphere was brought into the ante-room with the straw; ice that was
like broken glass floated in the wash-basin. Kuzma sometimes began to
drink his tea after having washed only his hands and, thus fresh from
his slumbers, appeared truly an old man. Thanks to lack of cleanliness
and the cold, he had grown extremely thin and grey since the autumn.
His hands had grown thinner, and the skin on them had become more
delicate, shiny, and covered with certain tiny purplish spots.

“The old grey horse has gone down a steep hill,” he said to himself.

It was a grey morning. Beneath the crusted grey snow the village also
had become quite grey in hue by St. Philip’s Day. The frozen household
linen hung like grey boards from the rafters under the roofs of the
sheds. Everything round about the cottages was frozen--they poured out
the slops and threw out the ashes. Tattered little urchins hurried
through the streets between the cottages and sheds to school, ran up
the snowdrifts and slid down them on their bark slippers; all of them
had heavy crash bags containing slates and bread. From the opposite
direction came aged, ailing dark-faced Tohugunok,[34] with not a trace
of his former agility remaining, clad in his thin little overcoat, and
bowed beneath the weight of his yoke, from which hung two buckets;
stumbling along in his hideous felt boots, which had turned stiff as
oaken boards, and were bound with pigskin. From drift to drift a horse
dragged the water-cask, plugged with straw, rocking and splashing as
it went; and behind it ran white-eyed Kobylyai--the stammerer. Women
passed, on their way to borrow from one another salt, millet, a scoop
of flour for griddlecakes, or a hasty pudding. The threshing-floors
were deserted. Only at Yakoff’s place was smoke issuing from the gate
of the kiln: in imitation of the rich peasants, he threshed during
the winter. And beyond the threshing-floors, beyond the bare bushes
in the back yards, beneath a low-hanging whitish sky, stretched the
grey snow-covered plain, a waste of snow-crust frozen in the semblance
of waves. It was in truth more cosy in the village, but the place
seemed infected with the plague: almost every household had a case of
smallpox or spotted typhus.

Occasionally Kuzma went to eat luncheon with Koshel in the servants’
quarters--potatoes as hot as fire itself, or the remains of the sour
cabbage soup left over from the previous day. He recalled the town
where he had lived all his life, and was amazed to find that he had no
longing whatsoever to go back there. The town was Tikhon’s cherished
dream; he scorned and hated the country with all his soul. Kuzma only
tried to hate it. He now reviewed his existence with more terror than
ever. He had grown thoroughly wild and unsociable in Durnovka; he did
nothing, was bored, was distressed by his own idleness; frequently he
omitted to wash himself; he did not take off his undercoat; he ate
greedily out of one bowl with Koshel. But the worst of it all was
that, while alarmed at his mode of existence, which was aging him not
merely from day to day but actually from hour to hour, he was conscious
that it was nevertheless agreeable to him; that he seemed to have got
back into precisely that rut which, possibly, had rightly belonged
to him from the day of his birth. Not for nothing, apparently, did
the Durnovka blood flow in his veins! Nevertheless, that interminable
Durnovka winter oppressed him to the point of pain--those cottages,
the holes in the ice of the pond, the horrid little boys, the dogs on
the roofs, the cold, the dirt, the sickness, the animal-like laziness
of the peasant men. Nearly every day he called to mind Menshoff, Akim,
Syery....

After luncheon he sometimes took a stroll over the manor-farm or in the
village. He went also to Yakoff’s threshing-floor, or dropped in at
the cottage of Syery or that of Koshel, whose old woman lived alone,
was reputed to be a witch, was tall and frightfully emaciated, and had
teeth as intrusively conspicuous as those of a skull. She spoke roughly
and decisively, like a man, and smoked a pipe: she would make a fire
in the stove, seat herself on the sleeping-board, and set to smoking,
all by herself, swinging back and forth as she did so her long, thin
leg in its heavy black bark shoe. During the entire Fast Kuzma went
away from the farm only twice--once to the post-office, and once to
see his brother. And those little trips were pleasant, but painful;
Kuzma got so thoroughly chilled that he could not feel whether he had
any feet or not. At the beginning of the autumn he had still possessed
a firm glance, a tidy appearance. But the firmness of the glance had
vanished, and his clothing had grown dilapidated. The collar of his
shirt was reduced to a fringe, and the elbows of his coat wore through;
his calfskin boots had become fairly red with rust, thin, and, in
places, gaping. His sheepskin coat had served him so long that it was
dotted all over with bald spots. And the wind on the plain was savage.
After sitting in the house so long at Durnovka he was not able to
endure the strong, fresh winter air. After prolonged inspection of the
village the snowy grey expanse came as a surprise; the far distance,
enveloped in blue tints of winter, seemed as a picture so beautiful
that one could never gaze one’s fill. The horse dashed along smartly
in the face of the harsh wind, snorting as he went; frozen lumps of
snow flew from beneath his shod hoofs against the dashboard of the
sledge. Koshel, with a blackish-purple frost-bitten cheek, briskly
clearing his throat, sprang from the box at the slopes and leaped back
into the sledge sidewise, on the run. But the wind pierced straight
through him; his feet, tucked into straw that was all mixed with snow,
ached and stiffened; his forehead and cheek-bones were racked with
rheumatic pains. And it was so boresome in the low-ceiled post-office
at Ulianovka--boresome as it can be only in official offices in the
wilds. There was an odour of mildew, of sealing-wax. The ragged postman
was pounding with his stamp. Grumpy Sakharoff, who resembled a gorilla,
was roaring at the peasants, raging because it had not occurred to
Kuzma to send him half a dozen fowls or, at least, a pud of flour; and
he inquired: “What’s your name, and your family name?”--and, after
rummaging in the closet, he announced with decision: “Nothing for you.”
In the vicinity of Tikhon Ilitch’s house Kuzma was upset by the stench
of manure fumes, which reminded him that in the world exist towns,
people, newspapers, news. It was agreeable, also, to chat with his
brother, to rest at his house and get warm.

But the chat never was a success. His brother was called off every
minute to the shop, or about some detail of domestic management, and,
besides, he could talk of nothing but his property matters, the lies,
craftiness, and malice of the peasants--about the sheer necessity of
getting rid of the estate as speedily as possible. Nastasya Petrovna
was pitiable. Evidently she had come to fear her husband most terribly;
she burst into the conversation at unseasonable moments, at equally
unseasonable moments she praised him--his intelligence, his keen
managerial eye, the fact that he entered into everything, every minute
detail of the business, himself.

“And he’s so accessible to every one, so approachable!” she said--and
Tikhon Ilitch roughly cut her short, while Kuzma did not know what to
say, fearing to get mixed up in a quarrel. They had exchanged roles:
now it was not he who suggested alarm, but his brother who frightened
and exhorted him; it was not he but his brother who demonstrated that
it was impossible to live in Russia. After an hour of that sort of
conversation, Kuzma began to long to get home, to get back to the
manor. “What is to become of me?” he thought in alarm, as he listened
to his brother discussing the sale of the estate. And was it possible
that that dreadful marriage between Deniska and the Bride would come
off? And why did Tikhon so obstinately insist that the marriage must
take place? “He has gone mad, he certainly has gone mad!” muttered
Kuzma on his way home, as he called to mind Tikhon’s surly and
malevolent face, his uncommunicativeness, his suspiciousness, and his
wearisome repetition of one and the same thing over and over. He began
to shout at Koshel, at the horse, feeling in a hurry to hide in his
little house his sadness, his old, cold clothing, his loneliness, and
his tenderness at the thought of the Bride’s sweet, sorrowful face,
her womanliness and--her taciturnity. “Ekh, and how could she fail to
go to ruin here!” he said sadly to himself, as he gazed through the
twilight gloom at the meagre lights in Durnovka.




IX


During the Christmas holidays Ivanushka, from Basovka, dropped in to
see Kuzma. He was an old-fashioned peasant who had grown foolish from
old age, although once on a time he had been renowned for his bear-like
strength. Thickset, bent into a bow, he never lifted his shaggy dark
brown head. He always walked with his toes turned inward. And he amazed
Kuzma even more than had Menshoff, Akim, and Syery. In the cholera year
of ’ninety-two, the whole of Ivanushka’s huge family had died. All he
had left was a son, a soldier, who was now working for the railway as
a line-guard, about five versts from Durnovka. Ivanushka might have
passed his declining days with his son, but he preferred to roam about
and ask alms. He strode lightly, in his bandy-legged way, across the
farmyard, with his cap and his staff in his left hand, a bag in his
right, and his head, on which the snow shone white, uncovered--and for
some reason or other the sheep dogs did not growl at him. He entered
the house, mumbled “May God bless this house and the master of this
house,” and seated himself on the floor against the wall. Kuzma dropped
his book and in amazement stared timidly at him over his eyeglasses,
as if he had been some wild beast from the steppe, whose presence
inside a house was a prodigy.

Silently, with downcast lashes and a slight amiable smile, the Bride
made her appearance, walking lightly in her bark-slippers, gave
Ivanushka a bowl of boiled potatoes and the entire corner crust of a
loaf, all grey with salt, and remained standing at the door-jamb. She
wore bark-slippers; she was broad and robust in the shoulders; and her
handsome, faded face was so simple and old-fashioned, in the peasant
style, that it seemed as if she could not possibly address Ivanushka
otherwise than as “grandfather.” And, smiling for him and him alone,
she did indeed say softly: “Eat, eat, grandfather.”

And he, without raising his head, and recognizing her kindliness from
her voice alone, quietly wailed in reply, at times mumbling: “The Lord
save ye, granddaughter!” then crossed himself broadly and awkwardly,
as if his hand had been a paw, and eagerly fell to on the food. The
snow melted on his dark brown hair, supernaturally thick and coarse.
The water streamed down from his bark-shoes on to the floor. From his
ancient dark brown fitted coat, worn over a dirty hemp-crash shirt,
emanated the smoky odour of a chimneyless hovel. His hands were
deformed by long toil, and his horny unbending fingers fished up the
potatoes with difficulty.

“You must feel cold in that thin coat, don’t you?” inquired Kuzma, in a
loud tone.

“Hey?” answered Ivanushka in a faint wail, holding his hand to his
ear, which was all overgrown with hair.

“You are cold, aren’t you?”

Ivanushka thought it over. “Why cold?” he replied, pausing between his
words. “Not a bit cold. ’Twas a lot colder in days gone by.”

“Lift up your head; put your hair in order!”

Ivanushka slowly shook his head.

“I can’t raise it now, brother. It drags earthward.” And with a dim
smile he made an effort to lift his dreadful face, all overgrown with
hair, and his tiny screwed-up eyes.

When he had finished eating he heaved a sigh, made the sign of the
cross, collected the crumbs from his knees and chewed them up; then he
felt about at his sides, in search of his bag, stick, and cap, and,
having found them, and recovered his equanimity, he began a leisurely
conversation. He was capable of sitting silent for the whole day, but
Kuzma and the Bride plied him with questions, and he answered, as if
asleep and from a far distance. He narrated in his clumsy, ancient
language that the Tsar was made entirely of gold; that the Tsar could
not eat fish--’twas exceeding salt--that once on a time the Prophet
Elijah broke through the sky and tumbled down on the earth--“he was
exceedingly heavy”--that John the Baptist was as shaggy as a ram when
he was born, and that at his baptism he beat his godfather over the
head with his iron crutch, in order that the man might “come to his
senses”; that every horse, once a year, on St. Flor and St. Lavr’s Day,
seeks an opportunity to kill a man. He told how in days of yore the
rye had grown up so densely that it was impossible for a snake to crawl
through it; how in those times they reaped at the rate of two desyatini
a day for each man; how he himself had owned a gelding which was kept
“on a chain,” so powerful and terrible was it; how one day sixty years
agone he, Ivanushka, had had a shaft arch stolen from him for which he
would not have accepted two rubles. He was firmly convinced that his
family had died, not of cholera, but because after a fire they had gone
to a new cottage and had passed the night in it without having first
let a cock pass the night there, and that he and his son had been saved
solely by accident: he had slept on the grain-rick.

Toward evening Ivanushka rose and walked away, without paying the
slightest heed to what the weather was like and without yielding to all
their admonitions to remain until the morrow. And he caught his death
cold, and on Epiphany Day he died in his son’s guard-box. His son urged
him to receive the Sacrament. Ivanushka would not consent; he said that
once you received the Communion you would surely die, whereas he was
firmly determined not to “yield to death.” For whole days at a time he
lay unconscious; but even in his delirium he begged his daughter-in-law
to say that he was not at home if Death should knock at the door.
Once, at night, he came to himself, collected his forces, crept down
from the top of the oven, and knelt down in front of the holy picture,
illuminated by a shrine-lamp. He sighed heavily, mumbled for a long
time, kept repeating: “O Lord--Dear Little Father--forgive my sins.”
Then he became thoughtful and remained silent for a long time, with his
head bowed on the floor. Then, all of a sudden, he rose to his feet and
said firmly: “No. I will not yield!” But the next morning he noticed
that his daughter-in-law was rolling out the dough for patties and
heating the oven hot.

“Are you preparing for my funeral?” he asked, in a quavering voice.

His daughter-in-law made no reply. Again he collected his forces, again
crawled down from the oven, and went out into the vestibule. Yes, it
was true: there, upright against the wall, stood a huge purple coffin,
adorned with white eight-pointed crosses. Then he remembered what had
happened thirty years before, to his neighbour old Lukyan: Lukyan
had fallen ill, and they had bought a coffin for him--it, too, was a
fine, expensive coffin--and brought from the town flour, vodka, salted
striped bass; but Lukyan went and got well. What was to be done with
the coffin? How were they to justify the outlay? They cursed Lukyan
about it for the space of five years thereafter, made life unendurable
with their reproaches, tortured him with hunger, drove him frantic
with lice and dirt. Ivanushka, recalling this, bowed his head and
submissively went back into the cottage. And that night, as he lay
on his back, unconscious, he began, in a trembling, plaintive voice,
to sing, ever more and more softly. And suddenly he shook his knees,
hiccoughed, raised his chest high with a sigh, and, with foam on his
parted lips, grew cold in death....




X


Kuzma lay in his bed for almost a month, because of Ivanushka. On
Epiphany morning people declared that a bird would freeze stiff as it
flew, and Kuzma did not even possess felt boots. Nevertheless, he went
to take a last look at the dead man. His hands, folded and rigid below
his vast chest on a clean hempen shirt, deformed by calloused growths
in the course of full eighty years of rudimentarily heavy toil, were so
coarse and dreadful that Kuzma hastily turned his eyes away. And he was
unable to cast even so much as a sidelong glance at Ivanushka’s hair
and his dead wild-beast face. He drew the white calico up over him as
speedily as possible. And from beneath the calico there suddenly was
wafted a suffocatingly repulsive sweetish odour....

With a view to warming himself up, Kuzma drank some vodka and seated
himself in front of the hotly flaming oven. It was warm there in the
guardsman’s box, and neat as for a festival. Over the head of the
spacious purple coffin, covered with calico, twinkled the golden flame
of a small wax candle affixed to the dark holy picture in the corner;
and a cheap wood-cut, manufactured by the Josif Brothers, glared forth
in vivid colours. The soldier’s courteous wife easily lifted on her
oven-fork and thrust into the oven kettles weighing at least a pud,
chatted cheerfully about government, supplied fuel, and kept entreating
him to remain until her husband should return from the village.
But Kuzma was shaking with fever; his face burned from the vodka,
which, coursing like poison through his chilled body, began to induce
causeless tears to well up in his eyes. And without having got warm,
he drove away across the white, strong billows of the plain, to Tikhon
Ilitch. Covered with hoar-frost, the whitish-curly gelding trotted
swiftly along, emitting roaring and quacking sounds, like a drake,
ejecting from his nostrils columns of grey vapour. The sledge squeaked;
its iron runners screeched sonorously over the hard snow. Behind Kuzma,
in frozen circles, the low-hanging sun shone yellow; in front, from the
North, came a wind which scorched one and cut short one’s breath. The
branches which marked out the road bent under a thick, curly coating
of rime; the big grey gold-hammers flew in flocks ahead of the horse,
scattered over the glistening road, pecked at the frozen manure, again
took flight, and again dispersed. Kuzma gazed at them through his heavy
white eyelashes, feeling that his face had turned to wood, and that,
with his beard and mustache like white curls, he had come to resemble a
Christmastide mask. The sun was setting; the snowy billows gleamed with
a death-like green in the orange glow, and blue shadows extended from
their crests and crenellations. Kuzma turned his horse sharply about
and drove it back, in the direction of home. The sun had set; a faint
light glimmered in the house with its grey, neglected panes; the blue
twilight hung over it, and it looked cold and unsociable. The bullfinch
which had hung in a cage near the window, overlooking the orchard, had
died--in all probability from the coarse, strong tobacco--and lay with
its legs sticking up, its feathers ruffled, and its crimson beak agape.

“Done for!” said Kuzma, and picked up the bullfinch to throw out.

Durnovka, overwhelmed with frozen snow, was so far from all the world
on that mournful evening, in the heart of the steppe winter, that he
suddenly felt frightened by it. All was over! His burning head was
confused and heavy. He would take to his bed at once, and never rise
from it again.

The Bride, her bark-shoes screeching on the snow as she walked,
approached the porch, carrying a pail in her hand.

“I am ill, Duniushka!” said Kuzma caressingly, in the hope of hearing
from her lips a caressing word.

But the Bride replied indifferently, drily: “Shall I bring in the
samovar?” And she did not even inquire what was the matter with him.
Neither did she ask anything about Ivanushka.

Kuzma returned to the dark house and, shivering all over and wondering
with alarm where he could now go when need compelled, lay down on the
divan. And the evenings slipped into nights and the nights slipped
into days, and he lost all count of them.

About three o’clock on the first night he woke up and pounded on the
wall with his fist, in order to ask for a drink: he had been tormented
in his sleep by thirst and the thought, had they thrown out the
bullfinch? No one answered his knocking: the Bride had gone off to
the servants’ quarters to pass the night. And Kuzma, conscious now,
remembered that he was sick unto death, and he was overpowered by such
melancholy as would have seized him in a tomb. Obviously the vestibule,
which smelled of snow and straw and horse-collars, was empty! Obviously
he, sick and helpless, was utterly alone in that dark, ice-cold little
house, where the windows gleamed dim and grey amid the winter night,
with that useless cage hanging beside them!

“O Lord, save and have mercy; O Lord, help in some way,” he murmured,
pulling himself up and fumbling with trembling hands through his
pockets.

He wanted to strike a match. But his whisper was feverish; something
rustled and reverberated in his burning head; his hands and feet were
icy cold. Klasha came, quickly threw open the door, placed his head on
the pillow, and sat down on a chair by the side of the couch. She was
dressed like a young lady, in a velvet cloak and a little cap and muff
of white fur; her hands were scented with perfume, her eyes shone, her
cheeks had turned crimson with the frost. “Ah, how well everything has
come out!” some one whispered. But what was not nice was that Klasha,
for some reason, had not lighted the lamp; that she had come, not to
see him, but to go to Ivanushka’s funeral; that she suddenly began to
sing, accompanying herself on a guitar: “Haz-Bulat, the dauntless, thy
mountain hut is poor.”... Then, all at once, the whole thing vanished;
he opened his eyes--and not a trace remained of that mysterious,
agitating, and alarming affair which had filled his head with nonsense.
Again he beheld the dark, cold room, the grey gleaming windows; he
comprehended that everything around him was plain and simple, too
simple--that he was ill and quite, quite alone....

In the deadly melancholy which poisoned his soul at the beginning of
his illness, Kuzma had raved about the bullfinch, Klasha, Voronezh. But
even in his delirium the thought had never left him that he must tell
some one that they must show pity on him in one respect--they must not
bury him in Kolodezy. But, my God! was it not madness to hope for pity
in Durnovka? Once he came to himself in the morning, when the fire was
being made in the stove--and the simple, quiet voices of Koshel and the
Bride seemed to him pitiless, alien, and strange, as the life of well
people always appears pitiless, alien, strange to a sick person. He
tried to call out, to ask for the samovar--but remained dumb and almost
fell to weeping. The angry whisper of Koshel became audible--discussing
him, the sick man, of course--and the Bride’s abrupt reply: “Well,
all’s up with him! He’ll die--and be buried....”

Then his melancholy began to abate. The sun, declining to the west,
shone through the windows, athwart the bare branches of the acacias.
The tobacco smoke hung in a blue cloud. Beside the bed sat the aged
medical man, redolent of drugs and frosty freshness, pulling icicles
from his mustache. On the table the samovar was bubbling, and Tikhon
Ilitch, tall, grey, severe, was brewing aromatic tea as he stood by it.
The medical man drank eight or ten glasses, talked about his cows, the
price of flour and butter; Tikhon Ilitch described how wonderful, how
expensive, Nastasya Petrovna’s funeral had been, and how glad he was
that at last he had found a purchaser for Durnovka. Kuzma understood
that Tikhon Ilitch had just come from the town, that Nastasya Petrovna
had died there suddenly, on her way to a railway station; he understood
that the funeral had cost Tikhon Ilitch frightfully dear, and that he
had already taken earnest-money for Durnovka--and he was completely
indifferent.




XI


One day he awakened very late and, feeling neither weakness nor
trembling in his legs, sat up to drink his tea. The day was overcast,
warm, and much snow had fallen. Syery passed the window, making on the
new snow imprints of his bark-shoes, sprinkled with tiny crosses. The
sheep dogs were running beside him, sniffing at his tattered coattails.
And he was leading by the bridle a tall horse of a dirty light bay
colour, hideously old and skinny, its shoulders abraded by the collar;
it had an in-curving back and a thin, unclean tail. The horse was
limping on three legs and dragging the fourth, which was broken below
the knee. Then Kuzma recalled that two days previously Tikhon Ilitch
had been there, and had said that he had ordered Syery to give the
dogs a treat--to find and kill an old horse; that Syery had in former
days been engaged in that occupation at times--the purchase of dead
or worthless cattle for their hides. A terrible thing had recently
happened to Syery, Tikhon Ilitch had said: in making ready to kill a
mare, Syery had forgotten to hobble her--he had merely bound her and
turned her muzzle to one side--and the mare, as soon as, crossing
himself, he had plunged the thin small knife into her jugular vein, had
uttered a scream and, screaming, had hurled herself upon her assassin,
her yellow teeth laid bare in pain and rage, streams of black blood
spurting out upon the snow, and had pursued him for a long time,
exactly as if she had been a man--and would have caught him but that,
“luckily, the snow was deep.”

Kuzma had been so deeply impressed by this incident that now, as
he glanced through the window, he felt the heaviness returning in
his legs. He began to gulp down the boiling hot tea, and gradually
recovered himself. He lighted his cigarette and sat for a while
smoking. At last he rose, went into the ante-room, and looked out at
the bare, sparse orchard through the window, which had thawed. In the
orchard, on the snow-white pall of the meadow, a high-ribbed, bloody
carcass with a long neck and a crushed head stood out redly. The
dogs, their backs all hunched up and their paws braced on the meat,
were greedily tearing out and dragging away the entrails. Two aged
blackish-grey crows were hopping sidewise toward the head, and had
started to fly thither, when the dogs, snarling, darted upon them; and
once more they alighted on the virginally pure snow. “Ivanushka, Syery,
the crows--” Kuzma said to himself. “Perhaps those crows can recall the
times of Ivan the Terrible. O Lord, save and show mercy--take me away
from here!”

Kuzma’s indisposition did not leave him for another fortnight. The
thought of spring affected him both mournfully and joyfully; he longed
to get away from Durnovka as speedily as possible. He knew that the end
of winter was not yet in sight; but the thaw had already set in. The
first week of February was dark and foggy. The fog covered the plain
and devoured the snow. The village turned black; water stood between
the dirty snowdrifts; the village policeman drove through the village
one day, his horses hitched tandem, all spattered with horse droppings.
The cocks took to crowing; through the ventilators penetrated a
disturbing spring-like dampness. He wanted to go on living; to go
on living and wait for the spring, his removal to the town; to live
on, submitting to fate, and to do any sort of work whatsoever, if
only to earn a single bit of bread. And to work, of course, for his
brother--regardless of what he was like. Why, his brother had proposed
to him while he was ill that they should move over to Vorgol. “Why
should I turn you out of doors?” he had said after pondering the
matter.--“I’m giving up the shop and the homestead on the first of
March: let’s go to the town, brother, as far as possible from these
cutthroats.”

And it was true: cutthroats they were. Odnodvorka had come in and
imparted the particulars of a recent encounter with Syery. Deniska had
returned from Tula, and had been knocking about without work, gabbling
about the village that he wanted to marry; that he had no money, but
would soon earn some of first-class quality. At first the village had
pronounced these tales absurd nonsense; then, following Deniska’s
hints, it had come to understand the drift of the matter and had
believed him. Syery, too, had believed him, and began to curry favour
with his son. But after slaying the horse and receiving a ruble from
Tikhon Ilitch and securing half a ruble for the skin, he had begun to
chatter incautiously and had gone on a spree. He drank for two days,
and lost his pipe, and lay down on the oven to recover. His head ached,
and he had nothing in which to put tobacco for a smoke. So, to make
cigarettes, he began to peel the ceiling, which Deniska had pasted over
with newspapers and divers pictures. He did his peeling on the sly, of
course; but nevertheless, one day, Deniska caught him at it. He caught
him and began to roar at him. Syery, being intoxicated, began to roar
in return. Thereupon, Deniska pulled him off the oven and thrashed
him within an inch of his life, until the neighbors rushed in. Peace
was concluded on the evening of the following day, it is true, over
cracknels and vodka; but, as Kuzma said to himself, was not Tikhon
Ilitch a cut-throat also when he insisted, with the obstinacy of a
crazy man, on the marriage of the Bride to one of these cutthroats?

When Kuzma first heard about that marriage, he firmly made up his mind
that he would not permit it. What a horror, what folly! But later
on, when he recovered consciousness during his illness, he actually
rejoiced over this foolish idea. He had been surprised and impressed by
the indifference which the Bride had displayed toward him, a sick man.
“A beast, a savage!” he had said to himself; and, calling to mind the
wedding, he had added spitefully: “And that’s capital! That’s exactly
what she deserves!” Now, after his illness, both his decision and his
wrath disappeared. He managed to get into conversation with the Bride
about Tikhon Ilitch’s intentions; and she replied calmly:

“Well, yes, I did have some talk about that affair with Tikhon Ilitch.
God grant him good health for such a fine idea!”

“A fine idea?” said Kuzma in amazement.

The Bride looked at him and shook her head. “Well, and why isn’t it
fine? Great heavens, but you are queer, Kuzma Ilitch! He offers money,
and takes the expense of the wedding on himself. Then again, he has not
picked out some widower or other, but a young, unmarried man, without
vices--neither rotten nor a drunkard--”

“But he’s a sluggard, a bully, a downright fool,” added Kuzma.

The Bride dropped her eyes and made no reply. Heaving a sigh, she
turned and went toward the door.

“As you like,” she said, her voice trembling. “’Tis your affair. Break
it off--God help you--”

Kuzma opened his eyes very wide and shouted: “Stop! have you lost your
senses? Do you think I wish you ill?”

The Bride turned round and halted. “And isn’t it wishing me ill?” she
said hotly and roughly, her cheeks flushing and her eyes blazing. “What
is to become of me, according to your idea? Am I to go on for ever as
an outcast, at the thresholds of other people’s houses? Eating the
crusts of strangers? Wandering about, a homeless beggar? Or am I to
hunt up some old widower? Haven’t I swallowed tears enough already?”

And her voice broke. She fell to weeping and left the room. In the
evening Kuzma tried to convince her that he had no intention of
breaking up the affair, and at last she believed him and smiled a
friendly, reserved smile.

“Well, thank you,” she said in the pleasant tone which she used to
Ivanushka.

But at this point the tears began to quiver on her eyelashes, and once
more Kuzma gave up in despair. “What’s the matter now?” said he.

And the Bride answered softly: “Well, perhaps Deniska is not much of a
joy--”

Koshel brought from the post-office a newspaper nearly six weeks old.
The days were dark and foggy, and Kuzma read from morning till night,
seated at the window.

And when he had finished and had made himself dizzy with the number of
fresh executions, he was benumbed. Heretofore he had been suffocated
with rage when he read the newspapers--futile rage, because human
receptivity was unequal to taking in what one read there. Now his
fingers grew cold--nothing more. Yes, yes, there was nothing to get
excited about. Everything went as if according to programme. Everything
fitted together perfectly. He raised his head: the sleet was driving
in white slanting lines, falling upon the black, miserable little
village, on the muddy roads with their hillocks and hollows, on the
horse-dung, the ice, and the pools of water. A twilight mist concealed
the boundless plain--all that vast empty space with its snows, forests,
settlements, towns--the kingdom of cold and of death.

“Avdotya!” shouted Kuzma, as he rose to his feet. “Tell Koshel to
harness the horse to the sledge. I’m going to my brother’s....”




XII


Tikhon Ilitch was at home. In a Russian shirt of cotton print, huge and
powerful, swarthy of countenance, with white beard and grey frowning
brows, he was sitting with the samovar and brewing himself some tea.

“Ah! how are you, brother?” he exclaimed in welcome, but with his brows
still contracted. “So you have crawled out through God’s snow? Look
out: isn’t it rather early?”

“I was so deadly bored, brother,” replied Kuzma, as they kissed each
other.

“Well, if you were bored, come and warm yourself and we’ll have a
chat....”

After questioning each other as to whether there were any news, they
began in silence to drink tea, after which they started to smoke.

“You are growing very thin, dear brother!” remarked Tikhon Ilitch as he
inhaled his smoke and scrutinized Kuzma with a sidelong glance.

“One does get thin,” replied Kuzma quietly. “Don’t you read the
newspapers?”

Tikhon Ilitch smiled. “That nonsense? No, God preserve me.”

“If you only knew how many executions there are!”

“Executions? That’s all right. Haven’t you heard what happened near
Eletz? At the farm of the Bykoff brothers? Probably you remember--those
fellows who can’t pronounce their letters right? Well, those Bykoffs
were sitting, just as you and I are sitting together now, playing
checkers one evening. Suddenly--what was it? There was a stamping on
the porch and a shout of ‘Open the door!’ Well, brother, and before
those Bykoffs had time to blink an eye, in rolls their labourer, a
peasant after the pattern of Syery, and behind him two scalawags of
some breed or other--hooligan adventurers, in a word. And all of them
armed with crowbars. They brandished their crowbars and began to yell:
‘Put up your hands, curse your mother’s memory!’ Of course, the Bykoffs
were thoroughly scared--scared to death--and they leaped to their
feet and shouted: ‘What’s the meaning of this?’ And their nice little
peasant yells, ‘Put ’em oop, put ’em oop!’” Here Tikhon Ilitch smiled,
became thoughtful, and stopped talking.

“Well, tell the rest of it,” said Kuzma.

“There’s nothing more to tell. They stuck up their hands, as a matter
of course, and asked: ‘What do you want?’ ‘Give us some ham! Where are
your keys?’ ‘Damn you! As if you didn’t know! There they are yonder, on
the door lintel, hanging on the nail.’”

“And they said that with their hands raised?” interrupted Kuzma.

“Of course they had their hands raised. And those men are going to pay
heavily for those upraised hands! They’ll be hanged, naturally. They
are already in jail, the dear creatures--”

“Are they going to hang them on account of the ham?”

“No! for the fun of it, Lord forgive me for my sin,” retorted Tikhon
Ilitch, half angrily, half in jest. “For the love of God, do stop
talking balderdash and trying to pretend you’re a Balashkin! ’Tis time
to drop that.”

Kuzma pulled at his grey beard. His haggard, emaciated face, his
mournful eyes, his left brow, which slanted upward, all were reflected
in the mirror, and as he looked at himself he silently assented.

“Talking balderdash? Truly it is time--I ought to have dropped that
long ago....”

Then Tikhon Ilitch turned the conversation to business. Evidently he
had been thinking things over a little while previously, during the
story, merely because something far more important than executions had
occurred to him--a bit of business.

“Here now, I’ve already told Deniska that he is to finish off that
music as soon as possible,” he began firmly, clearly, and sternly,
sifting tea into the teapot from his fist. “And I beg you, brother,
to take a hand in it also--in that music. It is awkward for me, you
understand. And after it is over, you can move over here. ’Twill be
comfortable, brother! Once we have made up our mind to change our
entire investment, down to the last scrap, there’s no sense in your
stopping on there with nothing to do. It only doubles the expense. And
once we have removed elsewhere, why, get into harness alongside me.
Once we have shifted the burden from our shoulders, we’ll go off to the
town, God willing, to amass grain, and we’ll get into real business.
And then we’ll never come back to this hole of a place again. We’ll
shake the dust of it from our feet, and it may go to hell for all I
care. I don’t propose to rot in it! Bear in mind,” he said, contracting
his brows in a frown, stretching out his arms, and clenching his
fists, “you can’t wrest things out of my grasp yet a while. ’Tis too
early for me to take to lying on top of the oven! I’m still capable of
ripping the horns off the devil himself!”

Kuzma listened, staring almost in terror at his fixed, fairly crazed
eyes, at his mouth set awry, at his words distinctly uttered in a
rapacious sort of way--listened and held his peace. Later on he
inquired: “Brother, tell me, for Christ’s sake, what profit to you is
there in this marriage? I don’t understand; God is my witness, I don’t
understand it. I can’t bear even the sight of that Deniska of yours.
That’s a new type--new Russia will be worse than all the old types.
Don’t you make any mistake, thinking he is bashful and sentimental and
only pretends to be a fool: he’s an extremely cynical beast. People are
saying of me that I am living with the Bride--”

“Well, you don’t know moderation in anything,” interrupted Tikhon
Ilitch with a frown. “You’re for ever hammering away at the same thing:
‘an unhappy nation, an unhappy nation!’ And now--you call them brutes!”

“Yes, I do hammer at that idea, and I shall go on hammering at it!”
Kuzma broke in hotly. “But I’ve lost my wits completely! Nowadays I
don’t understand at all: whether it is an unhappy nation, or-- Come
now, listen to me. You know you hate that man yourself, that Deniska!
You both hate each other! He never speaks of you except to call you
a ‘bloodsucker who has gnawed himself into the very vitals of the
people,’ and here you are calling _him_ a bloodsucker! He is boasting
insolently about the village that now he is the equal of the king!”

“Well, I know that,” Tikhon Ilitch again interrupted.

“But do you know what he is saying about the Bride?” went on Kuzma, not
listening to him. “She’s handsome--she has, you know, such a white,
delicate complexion--but he, the stupid animal--do you know what he
is saying about her? ‘She’s all enameled, the trollop!’ And, by this
time, you must understand one thing: he certainly will not live in
the village. You couldn’t keep that vagabond in the country now with
a lasso. What sort of a farmer and what sort of a family man do you
suppose he’ll be? Yesterday, I heard, he was roaming about the village
and singing in a lewd voice: ‘She’s beautiful as an angel from heaven,
as sly as a damon from hell.’”

“I know it!” yelled Tikhon Ilitch. “He won’t live in the country--not
for any consideration on earth, he won’t! Well, and devil take him!
And as for his being no sort of a farmer, you and I are nice farmers
ourselves, ain’t we? I remember how I was talking to you about
business--in the eating-house, do you remember?--and all the while you
were listening to that quail. Well, go on; what comes next?”

“What do you mean? What has the quail to do with it?” inquired Kuzma.

Tikhon Ilitch began to drum on the table with his fingers and said
sternly, uttering each word with great distinctness: “Bear in mind: if
you grind water, you’ll be left with just water as the result. My word
is sacred to ages of ages. Once I have said I’ll do a thing--I’ll do
it. I won’t set a candle before the holy picture in atonement for my
sin, but I’ll do a good deed instead. Although I may give only a mite,
the Lord will remember me for that mite.”

Kuzma sprang from his seat. “The Lord, the Lord!” he cried, in a
falsetto tone. “What has the Lord to do with that affair of yours? What
can the Lord mean to Deniska, to Akimka, to Menshoff, to Syery, to you,
or to me?”

“Eh?” inquired Tikhon Ilitch severely. “What Akimka is that you’re
talking about?”

“When I lay there dying,” pursued Kuzma, paying no heed to him, “did
I think very much about Him? I thought just one thing: ‘I don’t know
anything about Him, and I don’t know how to think’!” shouted Kuzma.
“I’m an ignorant man!”

And glancing about him with roving, suffering eyes, as he buttoned and
unbuttoned his coat, he strode across the room and halted directly in
front of Tikhon Ilitch.

“Remember this, brother,” he said, his cheek-bones reddening. “Remember
this: your life and mine are finished. And no candles on earth will
save us. Do you hear? We are--Durnovka folk. We’re neither candle for
God nor oven-fork for the devil.” And, unable to find words in his
agitation, he fell silent.

But Tikhon Ilitch had again thought of something, and suddenly
assented: “Correct. ’Tis a good-for-nothing people! Just you
consider--” And, animated, carried away by his new idea:

“Just you consider: they’ve been tilling the soil for a whole thousand
years--what am I saying? for longer than that!--but how to till the
soil properly not a soul of them understands! They don’t know how to
do their one and only business! They don’t know the proper time to
begin field work! Nor when to sow, nor when to reap! ‘As the people
always have done, so will we always do’--that’s the whole story. Note
that!” Contracting his brows, he shouted sternly, as Kuzma had recently
shouted at him. “‘As the people always have done, so will we always
do!’ Not a single peasant woman knows how to bake bread--the top crust
is burned as black as the devil and falls off, and underneath that
crust--there’s nothing but sour water!”

Kuzma was dumbfounded. His thoughts were reduced to a jumble. “He
has lost his senses!” he said to himself, with uncomprehending eyes
watching his brother, who was lighting the lamp.

But Tikhon Ilitch, giving him no time to recover himself, continued
wrathfully: “The people! Lewd, lazy, liars, and so shameless that not
one of them believes another! Note this,” he roared, not perceiving
that the lighted wick was smoking and the soot billowing up almost to
the ceiling. “’Tis not us they refuse to trust, but one another! And
they are all like that--every one of them!” he shouted in a tearful
voice, as he jammed the chimney on the lamp with a crash.

The outdoor light was beginning to filter blue through the windows.
New, fresh snow was fluttering down on the pools of water and the
snowdrifts. Kuzma gazed at it and held his peace. The conversation
had taken such an unexpected turn that even Kuzma’s eagerness had
vanished. Not knowing what to say, unable to bring himself to look at
his brother’s furious eyes, he began to roll himself a cigarette.

“He has gone crazy!” he said to himself despairingly. “Well, so be it!
It makes no difference! Nothing--nothing makes any difference. Enough!”

He began to smoke, and Tikhon Ilitch also began to calm down. He seated
himself and, staring at the lamp, muttered softly: “You were talking
about ‘Deniska.’ Have you heard what Makar Ivanovitch, that pilgrim
fellow, has been up to? He and that friend of his caught a peasant
woman on the road and dragged her to the sentry-box at Kliutchiki, and
kept her there for four days, visiting her in turn. Well, and now they
are in jail--”

“Tikhon Ilitch,” said Kuzma amiably, “why do you talk nonsense? What’s
the object? You must be feeling ill. You keep jumping from one thing to
another; now you assert one thing, a minute later you assert something
different. Are you drinking too much, perhaps?”

Tikhon Ilitch remained silent for a while. He merely waved his hand,
and tears trembled in his eyes, which were riveted on the flame of the
lamp.

“Are you drinking?” repeated Kuzma quietly.

“Yes, I am,” quietly replied Tikhon Ilitch. “And ’tis enough to make
any one take to drink! Has it been easy for me to acquire this golden
cage, think you? Do you imagine that it has been easy for me to live
like a chained hound all my life, and with my old woman into the
bargain? I have never shown any pity to any one, brother. Well, and has
any one shown the least pity on me? Do you think I don’t know how I am
hated? Do you think they wouldn’t have murdered me in some fashion if
those peasants had once got the breeching under their tail in proper
style? If they had had luck in that revolution? Wait a bit, wait--
There’ll be something doing; it’s coming! We have cut their throats!”

“And they are to be hanged--on account of a little ham?” asked Kuzma.

“Well, as for the hanging,” replied Tikhon Ilitch in agonized tones,
“why, I just said the first thing that came to my tongue--”

“But they certainly will hang them!”

“Well--and that’s no affair of ours. They must answer for that to the
Most High.” And, frowning, he fell into thought and closed his eyes.
“Ah!” he said contritely, with a profound sigh. “Ah, my dear brother!
Soon, very soon, we also must appear before His throne for judgment!
I read the Trebnik[35] of an evening, and I weep and I wail over that
same book. I am greatly amazed; how was it possible to invent such
sweet words? But here, wait a minute--”

And he rose hastily, drew from behind the mirror a thick book in
ecclesiastical binding, with trembling hands donned his spectacles, and
with tears in his voice began to read, hurriedly, as if he feared to be
interrupted.

“‘I weep and I wail when I think upon death, and behold our beauty,
fashioned after the image of God, lying in the tomb disfigured,
dishonoured, bereft of form....

“‘Of a truth, all things are vanity, and life is but a shadow and
a dream. For in vain doth every one who is born of earth disquiet
himself, as saith the Scriptures: when we have acquired the world, then
do we take up our abode in the grave, where kings and beggars lie down
together....’

“‘Kings and beggars!’” repeated Tikhon Ilitch with ecstatic melancholy,
and shook his head. “Life is over, dear brother! I had, you understand,
a dumb cook; I gave her, the stupid thing, a kerchief from foreign
parts; and what does she do but _take and wear it completely to rags,
wrong side out_! Do you understand? Out of stupidity and greed. She
begrudged wearing it right side out on ordinary days--and when a
feast-day came along nothing was left of it but rags. And that’s
exactly the way it is with me and with my life. ’Tis truly so!”

On returning to Durnovka Kuzma was conscious of only one feeling--a
certain dull agony. And all the last days of his stay at Durnovka were
passed in that dull agony.




XIII


During those days snow fell, and they were only waiting for that snow
at Syery’s farmstead, so that the road might be in order for the
celebration of the wedding.

On the twelfth of February, towards evening, in the gloom of the cold
entrance lobby, a low-toned conversation was in progress. Beside
the stove stood the Bride, a yellow kerchief besprinkled with black
polka-dots pulled well down on her forehead, staring at her bark-shoes.
By the door stood short-legged Deniska, hatless, in a heavy undercoat,
with drooping shoulders. He, too, was gazing downward, at some women’s
high shoes with metal tips, which he was twisting about in his hands.
The boots belonged to the Bride. Deniska had mended them, and had come
to receive five kopeks for his work.

“But I haven’t got it,” the Bride was saying, “and I think Kuzma Ilitch
is taking a nap. Just you wait until to-morrow.”

“I can’t possibly wait,” replied Deniska in a sing-song, meditative
voice, as he picked at the metal tip with his finger nail.

“Well, what are we going to do about it?”

Deniska reflected, sighed, and, shaking back his thick hair, suddenly
raised his head. “Well, and what’s the good of wagging one’s tongue for
nothing?” he said loudly and decisively, without glancing at the Bride,
and mastering his shyness. “Has Tikhon Ilitch said anything to you?”

“Yes, he has,” replied the Bride. “He has downright bored me with his
talk.”

“In that case I will come at once with my father. It won’t hurt Kuzma
Ilitch to get up immediately and drink tea--”

The Bride thought it over. “That’s as you like--”

Deniska set the shoes on the window-sill and went away, without making
any further mention of money. And half an hour later the knocking of
bark-shoes coated with snow became audible on the porch. Deniska had
returned with Syery--and Syery, for some unknown reason, was girt
about the hips, over his kazak coat, with a red belt. Kuzma came out
to receive them. Deniska and Syery crossed themselves for a long time
toward the dark corner, then tossed back their hair and raised their
faces.

“Matchmaker or not, yet a fine man!” began Syery without haste, in an
unusually easy and pleasant tone. “You have an adopted daughter to
marry off. I have a son who wants a wife. In good agreement, for their
happiness, let us discuss the matter between us.”

“But she has a mother, you know,” said Kuzma.

“Her mother is no housewife; she’s a homeless widow, her cottage is
dilapidated, and no one knows where she is,” replied Syery, still
maintaining his tone. “Consider her as an orphan!” And he made a low,
stately reverence.

Repressing a sickly smile, Kuzma ordered the Bride to be summoned.

“Run, hunt her up,” Syery commanded Deniska, speaking in a whisper as
if they were in church.

“Here I am,” said the Bride, emerging from behind the door in back of
the stove and bowing to Syery.

Silence ensued. The samovar, which stood on the floor, its grating
glowing red through the darkness, boiled and bubbled. Their faces were
not visible, but it could be felt that all of them were perturbed.

“Well, daughter, how is it to be? decide,” said Kuzma.

The Bride reflected.

“I have nothing against the young man--”

“And how about you, Deniska?”

Deniska also remained silent. “Well, anyhow, I’ve got to marry some
time or other. Possibly, with God’s aid, this will go all right--”

Thereupon the two matchmakers exchanged congratulations on the affair’s
having been begun. The samovar was carried away to the servants’ hall.
Odnodvorka, who had learned the news earlier than all the rest and had
run over from the promontory, lighted the small lamp in the servants’
hall, sent Koshel off for vodka and sunflower seeds, seated the bride
and the bridegroom beneath the holy pictures, poured them out tea, sat
down herself alongside Syery, and, in order to banish the awkwardness,
started to sing in a high, sharp voice, glancing the while at Deniska
and his long eyelashes:

  “When in our little garden,
  Amid our grape vines green,
  There walked and roamed a gallant youth,
  Comely of face, and white, so white....”

But Kuzma wandered to and fro from corner to corner in the dark hall,
shaking his head, wrinkling up his face and muttering: “Aï, great
heavens! Aï, what a shame, what folly, what a wretched affair!”

On the following day, every one who had heard from Syery about this
festival grinned and offered him advice: “You might help the young
couple a bit!” Koshel said the same: “They are a young couple starting
life, and young people ought to be helped!” Syery went off home in
silence. Presently he brought to the Bride, who was ironing in the
ante-room, two iron kettles and a hank of black bread. “Here, dear
little daughter-in-law,” he said in confusion, “take these; your
mother-in-law sends them. Perhaps they may be of use. I haven’t
anything else--if I had had, I would have jumped out of my shirt with
joy!”

The Bride bowed and thanked him. She was ironing a curtain, sent by
Tikhon Ilitch “in lieu of a veil,” and her eyes were wet and red. Syery
tried to comfort her, saying that things weren’t honey-sweet with him,
either; but he hesitated, sighed, and, placing the kettles on the
window-sill, went away. “I have put the thread in the littlest kettle,”
he mumbled.

“Thanks, batiushka,” the Bride thanked him once more, in that same
kindly and special tone which she had used only toward Ivanushka; and
the moment Syery was gone she suddenly indulged in a faint ironic smile
and began to sing:

  “When in our little garden ...”

Kuzma thrust his head out of the hall and looked sternly at her over
the top of his eyeglasses. She subsided into silence.

“Listen to me,” said Kuzma. “Perhaps you would like to drop this whole
business?”

“It’s too late, now,” replied the Bride in a low voice. “As it is, one
can’t get rid of the disgrace. Doesn’t everybody know whose money will
pay for the feast? And we have already begun to spend it.”

Kuzma shrugged his shoulders. It was true: Tikhon Ilitch, along with
the window-curtain, had sent twenty-five rubles, a sack of fine wheaten
flour, millet, a skinny pig. But there was no reason why she should
ruin her life simply because they had already killed the pig!

“Okh!” said Kuzma. “How you have tortured me! ‘Disgraced’! ‘we’ve spent
it’-- Are you cheaper than the pig?”

“Whether I’m cheaper or not, what is done is done--the dead are not
brought back from the cemetery,” firmly and simply replied the Bride;
and, sighing, she folded the warm, freshly-ironed curtain neatly. “Will
you have your dinner immediately?” Her face was calm.

“Well, that settles it! You can do nothing with her!” thought Kuzma,
and he said: “Well, manage your affairs as you see fit--”




XIV


After he had dined he smoked and looked out of the window. It had
grown dark. He knew that in the servants’ wing they were already
baking the twisted buns of rye flour--the “ceremonial patties.” They
were making ready to boil two kettles of fish in jelly, a kettle of
vermicelli-paste, a kettle of sour cabbage soup, a kettle of buckwheat
groats--all fresh from the slaughter-house. And Syery was making
himself very busy on a hillock of snow between the storehouses and the
shed. On the snow-mound, in the bluish shades of twilight, there blazed
with an orange-coloured flame the straw with which they had surrounded
the slaughtered pig. Around the fire, awaiting their prey, sat the
sheep dogs. Their muzzles shone white; their breasts were of a silky
rose hue. Syery, stamping through the snow, ran hither and thither,
mending the fire, swinging his arms at the dogs. He had tucked up high
the tails of his coat, thrusting them into his belt, and kept pushing
his cap to the back of his head with the wrists of his right hand,
in which glittered a knife. Fleetingly and brilliantly illuminated,
now from this side, now from that, Syery cast a huge, dancing shadow
on the snow--the shadow of a pagan. Then, past the storehouse along
the footpath leading to the village, ran Odnodvorka, and disappeared
beneath the snow-mound--to summon the women for the ceremonial rites
and to ask Domashka for the fir-tree, carefully preserved in her
cellar and passed on from one bride’s party to another on the eve of
the wedding. And when Kuzma, after brushing his hair and changing his
round jacket with the ragged elbows for the conventional long-tailed
frock coat, had donned his overcoat and emerged upon the porch, all
white with the falling snow in the soft grey gloom, a large crowd of
children, little girls and boys, were still outlined blackly against
the lighted windows; they were screaming and talking, and three
accordions were being played simultaneously, and all playing different
tunes. Kuzma, his shoulders hunched, picking at his fingers and
cracking them, stepped up to the crowd, pushed his way through it, and,
bending low, disappeared into the darkness of the ante-room. It was
full of people, crowded even, in that entry-way. Small urchins darted
about between people’s legs, were seized by the scruff of the neck and
thrust outside--whereupon they promptly crawled back again.

“Come now, let me in, for God’s sake!” said Kuzma, who was squeezed
tightly in the doorway.

They squeezed him all the harder--and some one jerked open the door.
Surrounded by jets of vapour, he crossed the threshold and came
to a halt at the jamb. At that point the better-class people were
congregated--maidens in flowered shawls, children in complete new
outfits. There was an odour of woven goods, fur coats, kerosene, cheap
tobacco, and evergreens. A small green tree, decorated with scraps
of red cotton cloth, stood on the table, its branches outstretched
above the dim tin lamp. Around the table beneath the moist little
windows, which had thawed out, along the damp blackened walls, sat the
ceremonial women, festively adorned, their faces coarsely painted red
and white. Their eyes flashed. All wore silk and woolen kerchiefs on
their heads, with drooping rainbow-tinted feathers from the tail of
a drake stuck into their hair at the temples. Just as Kuzma entered,
Domashka, a lame girl with a dark, malicious, and intelligent face,
sharp black eyes, and black eyebrows which met over her nose, had
struck up in a rough, hoarse voice the ancient “exaltation” song:

  “At our house in the evening, fully evening,
  At the very last end of the evening,
  At Avdotya’s betrothal feast....”

In a dense, discordant chorus the maidens repeated her last words.
And all turned toward the Bride. She was sitting, in accordance with
custom, by the stove, her hair flowing loose, her head covered with
a large dark shawl; and she was bound to answer the song with loud
weeping and wailing: “My own dear father, my own mother dear, how am
I to live forevermore thus grieving with woe in marriage?” But the
Bride uttered never a word. And the maidens, having finished their
song, involuntarily regarded her askance. They began to whisper among
themselves, and, frowning, they slowly, in a drawling tone, struck up
the “orphan’s song”:

  “Heat yourself hot, you little bath,
  Ring out, you sonorous bell!”

And Kuzma’s tightly clenched jaws began to quiver; a chill darted
through his head and his legs; his cheek-bones ached agreeably, and his
eyes were filled and dimmed with tears.

“Stop that, you girls!” some one shouted.

“Stop it, my dear, stop it!” cried Odnodvorka, slipping down from the
bench. “’Tis unseemly.”

But the girls did not obey:

  “Ring out, you sonorous bell,
  Awaken my father dear....”

And the Bride began, with a groan, to fall face down on her knees, on
her arms, and choked with tears. She was led away at last, trembling,
staggering, and shrieking, to the cold summer half of the cottage, to
be dressed.

After that was done, Kuzma bestowed the blessing on her. The bridegroom
arrived with Vaska, Yakoff’s son. The bridegroom had donned the
latter’s boots; his hair had been freshly clipped short; his neck,
encircled by the collar of a blue shirt with lace, had been shaved to
redness. He had washed himself with soap, and appeared much younger; he
was even not at all ill looking, and, conscious of that fact, he had
drooped his dark eyelashes in dignified and modest fashion.

Vaska, his best man, in red shirt and knee-length fur coat worn
unbuttoned, with his hair close-cut, pock-marked, robust, resembled a
convict, as usual. He entered, frowned, and darted a sidelong look at
the ceremonial girls.

“Stop that yowling!” he said roughly and peremptorily. “Get out of
here. Begone!”

The girls answered him in chorus: “Without the Trinity a house cannot
be built, without four corners the cottage cannot be roofed. Place a
ruble at each corner, a fifth ruble in the middle, and a bottle of
vodka.” Vaska pulled a bottle out of his pocket and set it on the
table. The girls took it and rose to their feet. The crowd had become
more dense than ever. Once more the door flew open, once more there
were steam and cold. Odnodvorka entered, carrying a tinsel-adorned
holy picture and thrusting the people out of her way, followed by the
Bride in a blue dress with a basque. Every one uttered an exclamation
of admiration, she was so pale, gentle, quiet, and lovely. Vaska, with
the back of his fist, administered a resounding blow on the forehead
of a broad-shouldered, big-headed urchin whose legs were as crooked
as those of a dachshund; then he flung upon the straw in the centre
of the cottage some one’s old short fur coat. Upon it the bride and
groom were placed. Kuzma, without lifting his head, took the holy
picture from the hands of Odnodvorka. It became so quiet that the
whistling breath of the inquisitive big-headed lad was audible. Bride
and bridegroom fell on their knees simultaneously and bowed down to
Kuzma’s feet. They rose, and once more knelt down. Kuzma glanced at the
Bride; and in their eyes, which met for an instant, there was a flash
of horror. Kuzma turned pale, said to himself in terror: “In another
minute I shall throw this holy picture on the floor.” But his hands
mechanically made the sign of the cross with the ikona in the air; and
the Bride, barely touching her lips to it, fastened them on his hand
and timidly reached up to his lips. He thrust the holy picture into the
hands of some one beside him, grasped the Bride’s head with paternal
pain and tenderness, and, as he kissed her new, fragrant headkerchief,
burst into sweet tears. Then, seeing nothing because of his tears, he
turned away and, thrusting the people out of his path, strode into the
vestibule. It was already deserted. The snow-laden wind beat in his
face. The snow-covered threshold shone white through the darkness. The
roof was humming. Beyond the threshold an impenetrable blizzard was
raging; and the snow, falling out of the tiny window recesses from the
sheer weight of the drifts, hung like columns of smoke in the air.




XV


When morning came the blizzard was still raging. In that grey whirling
tempest neither Durnovka nor the windmill on the promontory was
visible. Once in a while it grew brighter, once in a while the light
became like that at nightfall. The orchard was all white, and its roar
mingled with the roar of the wind, in which one kept imagining the peal
of bells. The sharp-pointed apexes of the snowdrifts were smoking. From
the porch, on which, with eyes screwed up, scenting athwart the chill
of the blizzard the savoury aroma from the chimney of the servant’s
wing, sat the watchdogs, all coated with snow. Kuzma was barely able
to make out the dark, misty forms of the peasants, their horses,
sledges, the jingling of the sleighbells. Two horses had been hitched
to the bridegroom’s sledge; one horse was allotted to that of the
bride. The sledges were covered with kazan felt lap robes with black
patterns on the ends. The participants in the ceremonial procession
had girt themselves with sashes of divers hues. The women, who had
donned wadded coats and wrapped their heads in shawls, walked to the
sledges circumspectly, taking tiny steps, ceremoniously remarking:
“Heavens, God’s daylight is not visible!” Rarely was a woman garbed in
her own clothes: everything had been collected among the neighbours.
Accordingly, special caution was needed not to fall, and they lifted
their long skirts as high as possible. The bride’s fur coat and her
blue gown had been turned up over her head, and she sat in the sledge
protected only by her white petticoat. Her head, adorned with a small
wreath of paper flowers, was enveloped in undershawls. She had become
so weak from her weeping that she saw as in a dream the dark figures
through the blizzard, heard its roar, the conversation, and the festive
pealing of the small bells. The horses laid their ears flat and tossed
their muzzles from side to side to escape the snow-laden gale; and it
bore away the chatter and the shouts of command, glued eyes tightly
together, whitened mustaches, beards, and caps, and the groomsmen had
difficulty in recognizing one another in the darkness and gloom.

“Ugh, damn it all!” exclaimed Vaska as he ducked his head, gathered
up the reins, and took his seat beside the bridegroom. And he shouted
roughly, indifferently, into the teeth of the storm: “Messrs. boyars,
bestow your blessing on the bridegroom, that he may go in search of his
bride!”

Some one made answer: “May God bless him.”

Then the sleighbells began to wail, the runners to screech; the
snowdrifts, as the runners cut through them, turned to smoke and small
whirlwinds; the forelocks, manes, and tails of the horses were blown to
one side....

At the church-warden’s house in the village, where they warmed
themselves up while waiting for the priest, all became well suffocated.
In the church, also, there was the odour of fire-gas, cold, and gloom,
thanks to the blizzard, the low ceilings, and the gratings in the
windows. Lighted candles were held only by the bridegroom and the bride
and in the hand of the swarthy priest. He had big cheek-bones, and he
bent low over his book, which was all bespattered with wax-droppings,
and read hurriedly through his spectacles. On the floor stood pools of
water--much snow had been brought in on their boots and bark-shoes.
The wind from the open door blew on their backs. The priest glanced
sternly now at the door, again at the groom and bride--at their tense
forms, prepared for anything that might present itself; at their faces,
congealed, as it were, in obedience and submission, illuminated from
below by the golden gleam of candles. From habit, he pronounced some
words as if he felt them, making them stand out apart from the touching
prayers; but in reality he was thinking not at all of the words or of
those to whom they were applied.

“‘O God most pure, the Creator of every living thing,’” he said
hastily, now lowering, now raising his voice. “‘Thou who didst bless
Thy servant Abraham, and, opening the womb of Sarah ... who didst give
Isaac unto Rebecca ... who didst join Jacob unto Rachel ... vouchsafe
unto these Thy servants....’”

“Name--?” he interrupted himself in a stern whisper, without altering
the expression of his countenance, addressing the lay reader. And,
having caught the answer, “Denis, Avdotya,” he continued, with feeling:

“‘Vouchsafe unto these Thy servants, Denis and Evdokhia, a peaceful
life, length of days, chastity ... grant that they may behold their
children’s children ... and give them of the dew of heaven from on
high.... Fill their houses with wheat and wine and oil ... exhalt thou
them like unto the cedars of Lebanon....’”

But even if those who were present had listened to him and understood,
they would have been thinking of the blizzard, the strange horses, the
return home through the twilight to Durnovka, Syery’s house--and not of
Abraham and Isaac. And they would have grinned at comparing Deniska to
a cedar of Lebanon. And it was awkward for Deniska himself, his short
legs encased in borrowed boots, his body clad in an old undercoat, to
admit that the bride was taller than he; it was awkward and terrible to
bear on his motionless head the imperial crown[36]--a huge brass crown
with a cross on top, resting far down on his very ears. And the hand of
the Bride, who looked more beautiful and more lifeless than ever in
her crown, trembled, and the wax of the melting candle dripped down on
the flounce of her blue gown....

The return home was more comfortable. The blizzard was even more
terrible in the twilight, but they were cheered by the consciousness
that a burden had been removed from their shoulders: whether for
good or for evil, the deed had been done. So they whipped up their
horses smartly, dashing ahead at random, trusting solely to the
ill-defined forms of the small trees which marked out the road. And
the loud-mouthed wife of Vanka Krasny stood upright in the leading
sledge and danced, flourishing her handkerchief and screeching to the
gale, through the dark, raging turmoil, through the snow which whipped
against her lips and drowned her wolf’s voice:

  “The dove, the grey dove,
  Has a head of gold.”

_Moscow, 1909._




FOOTNOTES:


[1] A verst is two-thirds of a mile.--TRANS.

[2] This muddling of “Emir of Bukhara” is only one example of
the ignorant combinations and locutions used by the peasant
characters.--TRANS.

[3] A play on words, “tar” in the second sentence meaning
“liquor.”--TRANS.

[4] “Matushka” and “batiushka” (literally, “Little Mother” and “Little
Father”) are the characteristic Russian formula for addressing elderly
strangers, regardless of class distinctions.--TRANS.

[5] A desyatina is a unit of land measurement equalling 2.07
acres.--TRANS.

[6] When a man or woman begins to get on in the world his admiring
neighbours signalize their appreciation by adding to the Christian name
the patronymic, as if the clever one were of gentle (noble) birth. In
this story, Tikhon soon receives the public acknowledgment of success,
having begun as plain “Tikhon.” Peasant-fashion, “Nikititch” was
transmuted into “Mikititch.”--TRANS.

[7] Sharpers who pretend to be the poverty-stricken descendants of the
Tatar Princes who ruled Kazan before it was conquered, during the rein
of Ivan the Terrible.--TRANS.

[8] A straight, loose gown, falling from the armpits, worn by unmarried
girls.--TRANS.

[9] A heretic. Literally, one who drinks milk (moloko) during the Fasts
in defiance to the Orthodox Catholic Church.--TRANS.

[10] Probably a deliberate bit of insolence, as he must have known that
the patronymic was “Ilitch,” not “Fomitch.”--TRANS.

[11] All priests and monks in the Orthodox Catholic Church wear the
hair and beard long. Tikhon Ilitch refers to the superstition that
it portends bad luck to meet an ecclesiastic when one is arranging
something or going somewhere.--TRANS.

[12] Polu, meaning “half,” reduces the name to absurdity: something
like “the Half-carp.”--TRANS.

[13] Referring to a famous Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow.--TRANS.

[14] The insulting nickname “khokhly” is used. The question mentioned
is in the form of a rhyme, intentionally offensive. The reply is also
rhymed.--TRANS.

[15] That is, to the heart of the Kremlin, in Moscow.--TRANS.

[16] A sect which denies the divinity of the Holy Spirit. They
emigrated from the Caucasus to British Columbia in the ’90’s, with
money furnished by Count L. N. Tolstoy, and have had many conflicts
with the British authorities.--TRANS.

[17] The Little Russian nickname for the Great Russians.--TRANS.

[18] Yaroslaff the Great, son of Prince Vladimir, 1016-1054.--TRANS.

[19] A Turkish tribe which migrated from Asia to Eastern Europe. They
came into collision with the Russians at the end of the ninth century
and the beginning of the tenth.--TRANS.

[20] A Lavra is a first-class Monastery. Here it refers to the famous
“Catacombs” Monastery.--TRANS.

[21] Muromtzeff.

[22] A rhyme in the original. The “catskinner” collects hides
throughout the countryside, for conversion into “furs.”--TRANS.

[23] About three-quarters of a yard of heavy homespun crash is wrapped
over the foot and leg in lieu of a stocking, and confined in place by
the stout cord or rope with which the slippers of plaited linden bark
are tied on.--TRANS.

[24] Popular form of “Witte,” the famous Minister.--TRANS.

[25] A member of the self-mutilating sect, the Skoptzy.--TRANS.

[26] Parish clergy are always married men in the Orthodox Catholic
Church. An Archpriest is usually the head of a staff of clergy at a
Cathedral. To a higher post and title no married priest can attain. The
Bishops, Archbishops, and higher clergy must be monks.--TRANS.

[27] “Bratushki”--Little Brothers--is a term which originated during
the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78, and was applied to the Serbs and
Bulgarians.--TRANS.

[28] Easter.--TRANS.

[29] Scarecrow.--TRANS.

[30] 2.70 gallons.--TRANS.

[31] Not Extreme Unction, in the meaning of the Church of Rome. In the
Orthodox Catholic Church it is a service of Prayer and Anointment for
healing, to be administered and received at any time desired.--TRANS.

[32] Thus manufacturing a family name out of “_Mys_,” a
promontory.--TRANS.

[33] Thirty-six pounds.--TRANS.

[34] The Little Kettle.--TRANS.

[35] The Trebnik contains the Services for events in daily life:
Baptism, Marriage, Confession, the Burial Rites, and so forth.
What Tikhon Ilitch quotes and reads is from the magnificent Burial
Service. See the Service Book of the Holy Orthodox-Catholic Apostolic
Church.--TRANS.

[36] In the marriage service crowns are used for bride and groom, but
generally they are held a short distance above the heads, by best men
standing behind.--TRANS.




TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:


  Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_.

  Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.

  Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized.

  Archaic and dialectal variations in spelling have been retained.