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                        TEN DAYS IN A MAD-HOUSE;

                                  OR,

             Nellie Bly’s Experience on Blackwell’s Island.


          FEIGNING INSANITY IN ORDER TO REVEAL ASYLUM HORRORS.


    _THE TRYING ORDEAL OF THE NEW YORK WORLD’S GIRL CORRESPONDENT._


  _Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1887, by Norman L.
 Munro, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C._

[Illustration]

                               NEW YORK:
                      NORMAN L. MUNRO, PUBLISHER,
                        24 AND 26 VANDEWATER ST.

------------------------------------------------------------------------




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[Illustration]

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  all leading Dealers with this

                               GUARANTEE:
    that if not perfectly satisfactory upon trial the money will be
                               refunded.

            L. KRAUS & CO., Manufacturers, Birmingham, Conn.

------------------------------------------------------------------------




                             INTRODUCTION.


Since my experiences in Blackwell’s Island Insane Asylum were published
in the _World_ I have received hundreds of letters in regard to it. The
edition containing my story long since ran out, and I have been
prevailed upon to allow it to be published in book-form, to satisfy the
hundreds who are yet asking for copies.

I am happy to be able to state as a result of my visit to the asylum and
the exposures consequent thereon, that the City of New York has
appropriated $1,000,000 more per annum than ever before for the care of
the insane. So I have at least the satisfaction of knowing that the poor
unfortunates will be the better cared for because of my work.

[Illustration: Nellie Bly]




                        TEN DAYS IN A MAD-HOUSE.




                               CHAPTER I.
                          A DELICATE MISSION.


On the 22d of September I was asked by the _World_ if I could have
myself committed to one of the asylums for the insane in New York, with
a view to writing a plain and unvarnished narrative of the treatment of
the patients therein and the methods of management, etc. Did I think I
had the courage to go through such an ordeal as the mission would
demand? Could I assume the characteristics of insanity to such a degree
that I could pass the doctors, live for a week among the insane without
the authorities there finding out that I was only a “chiel amang ’em
takin’ notes?” I said I believed I could. I had some faith in my own
ability as an actress and thought I could assume insanity long enough to
accomplish any mission intrusted to me. Could I pass a week in the
insane ward at Blackwell’s Island? I said I could and I would. And I
did.

My instructions were simply to go on with my work as soon as I felt that
I was ready. I was to chronicle faithfully the experiences I underwent,
and when once within the walls of the asylum to find out and describe
its inside workings, which are always so effectually hidden by
white-capped nurses, as well as by bolts and bars, from the knowledge of
the public. “We do not ask you to go there for the purpose of making
sensational revelations. Write up things as you find them, good or bad;
give praise or blame as you think best, and the truth all the time. But
I am afraid of that chronic smile of yours,” said the editor. “I will
smile no more,” I said, and I went away to execute my delicate and, as I
found out, difficult mission.

If I did get into the asylum, which I hardly hoped to do, I had no idea
that my experiences would contain aught else than a simple tale of life
in an asylum. That such an institution could be mismanaged, and that
cruelties could exist ’neath its roof, I did not deem possible. I always
had a desire to know asylum life more thoroughly—a desire to be
convinced that the most helpless of God’s creatures, the insane, were
cared for kindly and properly. The many stories I had read of abuses in
such institutions I had regarded as wildly exaggerated or else romances,
yet there was a latent desire to know positively.

I shuddered to think how completely the insane were in the power of
their keepers, and how one could weep and plead for release, and all of
no avail, if the keepers were so minded. Eagerly I accepted the mission
to learn the inside workings of the Blackwell Island Insane Asylum.

“How will you get me out,” I asked my editor, “after I once get in?”

“I do not know,” he replied, “but we will get you out if we have to tell
who you are, and for what purpose you feigned insanity—only get in.”

I had little belief in my ability to deceive the insanity experts, and I
think my editor had less.

All the preliminary preparations for my ordeal were left to be planned
by myself. Only one thing was decided upon, namely, that I should pass
under the pseudonym of Nellie Brown, the initials of which would agree
with my own name and my linen, so that there would be no difficulty in
keeping track of my movements and assisting me out of any difficulties
or dangers I might get into. There were ways of getting into the insane
ward, but I did not know them. I might adopt one of two courses. Either
I could feign insanity at the house of friends, and get myself committed
on the decision of two competent physicians, or I could go to my goal by
way of the police courts.

[Illustration: NELLIE PRACTICES INSANITY AT HOME.]

On reflection I thought it wiser not to inflict myself upon my friends
or to get any good-natured doctors to assist me in my purpose. Besides,
to get to Blackwell’s Island my friends would have had to feign poverty,
and, unfortunately for the end I had in view, my acquaintance with the
struggling poor, except my own self, was only very superficial. So I
determined upon the plan which led me to the successful accomplishment
of my mission. I succeeded in getting committed to the insane ward at
Blackwell’s Island, where I spent ten days and nights and had an
experience which I shall never forget. I took upon myself to enact the
part of a poor, unfortunate crazy girl, and felt it my duty not to shirk
any of the disagreeable results that should follow. I became one of the
city’s insane wards for that length of time, experienced much, and saw
and heard more of the treatment accorded to this helpless class of our
population, and when I had seen and heard enough, my release was
promptly secured. I left the insane ward with pleasure and
regret—pleasure that I was once more able to enjoy the free breath of
heaven; regret that I could not have brought with me some of the
unfortunate women who lived and suffered with me, and who, I am
convinced, are just as sane as I was and am now myself.

But here let me say one thing: From the moment I entered the insane ward
on the Island, I made no attempt to keep up the assumed _role_ of
insanity. I talked and acted just as I do in ordinary life. Yet strange
to say, the more sanely I talked and acted the crazier I was thought to
be by all except one physician, whose kindness and gentle ways I shall
not soon forget.




                              CHAPTER II.
                       PREPARING FOR THE ORDEAL.


But to return to my work and my mission. After receiving my instructions
I returned to my boarding-house, and when evening came I began to
practice the _role_ in which I was to make my _debut_ on the morrow.
What a difficult task, I thought, to appear before a crowd of people and
convince them that I was insane. I had never been near insane persons
before in my life, and had not the faintest idea of what their actions
were like. And then to be examined by a number of learned physicians who
make insanity a specialty, and who daily come in contact with insane
people! How could I hope to pass these doctors and convince them that I
was crazy? I feared that they could not be deceived. I began to think my
task a hopeless one; but it had to be done. So I flew to the mirror and
examined my face. I remembered all I had read of the doings of crazy
people, how first of all they must have staring eyes, and so I opened
mine as wide as possible and stared unblinkingly at my own reflection. I
assure you the sight was not reassuring, even to myself, especially in
the dead of night. I tried to turn the gas up higher in hopes that it
would raise my courage. I succeeded only partially, but I consoled
myself with the thought that in a few nights more I would not be there,
but locked up in a cell with a lot of lunatics.

The weather was not cold; but, nevertheless, when I thought of what was
to come, wintery chills ran races up and down my back in very mockery of
the perspiration which was slowly but surely taking the curl out of my
bangs. Between times, practicing before the mirror and picturing my
future as a lunatic, I read snatches of improbable and impossible ghost
stories, so that when the dawn came to chase away the night, I felt that
I was in a fit mood for my mission, yet hungry enough to feel keenly
that I wanted my breakfast. Slowly and sadly I took my morning bath and
quietly bade farewell to a few of the most precious articles known to
modern civilization. Tenderly I put my tooth-brush aside, and, when
taking a final rub of the soap, I murmured, “It may be for days, and it
may be—for longer.” Then I donned the old clothing I had selected for
the occasion. I was in the mood to look at everything through very
serious glasses. It’s just as well to take a last “fond look,” I mused,
for who could tell but that the strain of playing crazy, and being shut
up with a crowd of mad people, might turn my own brain, and I would
never get back. But not once did I think of shirking my mission. Calmly,
outwardly at least, I went out to my crazy business.

I first thought it best to go to a boarding-house, and, after securing
lodging, confidentially tell the landlady, or lord, whichever it might
chance to be, that I was seeking work, and, in a few days after,
apparently go insane. When I reconsidered the idea, I feared it would
take too long to mature. Suddenly I thought how much easier it would be
to go to a boarding-home for working women. I knew, if once I made a
houseful of women believe me crazy, that they would never rest until I
was out of their reach and in secure quarters.

From a directory I selected the Temporary Home for Females, No. 84
Second Avenue. As I walked down the avenue, I determined that, once
inside the Home, I should do the best I could to get started on my
journey to Blackwell’s Island and the Insane Asylum.




                              CHAPTER III.
                         IN THE TEMPORARY HOME.


I was left to begin my career as Nellie Brown, the insane girl. As I
walked down the avenue I tried to assume the look which maidens wear in
pictures entitled “Dreaming.” “Far-away” expressions have a crazy air. I
passed through the little paved yard to the entrance of the Home. I
pulled the bell, which sounded loud enough for a church chime, and
nervously awaited the opening of the door to the Home, which I intended
should ere long cast me forth and out upon the charity of the police.
The door was thrown back with a vengeance, and a short, yellow-haired
girl of some thirteen summers stood before me.

“Is the matron in?” I asked, faintly.

“Yes, she’s in; she’s busy. Go to the back parlor,” answered the girl,
in a loud voice, without one change in her peculiarly matured face.

[Illustration: AT THE TEMPORARY HOME FOR WOMEN.]

I followed these not overkind or polite instructions and found myself in
a dark, uncomfortable back-parlor. There I awaited the arrival of my
hostess. I had been seated some twenty minutes at the least, when a
slender woman, clad in a plain, dark dress entered and, stopping before
me, ejaculated inquiringly, “Well?”

“Are you the matron?” I asked.

“No,” she replied, “the matron is sick; I am her assistant. What do you
want?”

“I want to stay here for a few days, if you can accommodate me.”

“Well, I have no single rooms, we are so crowded; but if you will occupy
a room with another girl, I shall do that much for you.”

“I shall be glad of that,” I answered. “How much do you charge?” I had
brought only about seventy cents along with me, knowing full well that
the sooner my funds were exhausted the sooner I should be put out, and
to be put out was what I was working for.

“We charge thirty cents a night,” was her reply to my question, and with
that I paid her for one night’s lodging, and she left me on the plea of
having something else to look after. Left to amuse myself as best I
could, I took a survey of my surroundings.

They were not cheerful, to say the least. A wardrobe, desk, book-case,
organ, and several chairs completed the furnishment of the room, into
which the daylight barely came.

By the time I had become familiar with my quarters a bell, which rivaled
the door-bell in its loudness, began clanging in the basement, and
simultaneously women went trooping down-stairs from all parts of the
house. I imagined, from the obvious signs, that dinner was served, but
as no one had said anything to me I made no effort to follow in the
hungry train. Yet I did wish that some one would invite me down. It
always produces such a lonely, homesick feeling to know others are
eating, and we haven’t a chance, even if we are not hungry. I was glad
when the assistant matron came up and asked me if I did not want
something to eat. I replied that I did, and then I asked her what her
name was. Mrs. Stanard, she said, and I immediately wrote it down in a
notebook I had taken with me for the purpose of making memoranda, and in
which I had written several pages of utter nonsense for inquisitive
scientists.

Thus equipped I awaited developments. But my dinner—well, I followed
Mrs. Stanard down the uncarpeted stairs into the basement, where a large
number of women were eating. She found room for me at a table with three
other women. The short-haired slavey who had opened the door now put in
an appearance as waiter. Placing her arms akimbo and staring me out of
countenance, she said:

“Boiled mutton, boiled beef, beans, potatoes, coffee or tea?”

“Beef, potatoes, coffee and bread,” I responded.

“Bread goes in,” she explained, as she made her way to the kitchen,
which was in the rear. It was not very long before she returned with
what I had ordered on a large, badly battered tray, which she banged
down before me. I began my simple meal. It was not very enticing, so
while making a feint of eating I watched the others.

I have often moralized on the repulsive form charity always assumes!
Here was a home for deserving women and yet what a mockery the name was.
The floor was bare, and the little wooden tables were sublimely ignorant
of such modern beautifiers as varnish, polish and table-covers. It is
useless to talk about the cheapness of linen and its effect on
civilization. Yet these honest workers, the most deserving of women, are
asked to call this spot of bareness—home.

When the meal was finished each woman went to the desk in the corner,
where Mrs. Stanard sat, and paid her bill. I was given a much-used, and
abused, red check, by the original piece of humanity in shape of my
waitress. My bill was about thirty cents.

After dinner I went up-stairs and resumed my former place in the back
parlor. I was quite cold and uncomfortable, and had fully made up my
mind that I could not endure that sort of business long, so the sooner I
assumed my insane points the sooner I would be released from enforced
idleness. Ah! that was indeed the longest day I had ever lived. I
listlessly watched the women in the front parlor, where all sat except
myself.

One did nothing but read and scratch her head and occasionally call out
mildly, “Georgie,” without lifting her eyes from her book. “Georgie” was
her over-frisky boy, who had more noise in him than any child I ever saw
before. He did everything that was rude and unmannerly, I thought, and
the mother never said a word unless she heard some one else yell at him.
Another woman always kept going to sleep and waking herself up with her
own snoring. I really felt wickedly thankful it was only herself she
awakened. The majority of the women sat there doing nothing, but there
were a few who made lace and knitted unceasingly. The enormous door-bell
seemed to be going all the time, and so did the short-haired girl. The
latter was, besides, one of those girls who sing all the time snatches
of all the songs and hymns that have been composed for the last fifty
years. There is such a thing as martyrdom in these days. The ringing of
the bell brought more people who wanted shelter for the night. Excepting
one woman, who was from the country on a day’s shopping expedition, they
were working women, some of them with children.

As it drew toward evening Mrs. Stanard came to me and said:

“What is wrong with you? Have you some sorrow or trouble?”

“No,” I said, almost stunned at the suggestion. “Why?”

“Oh, because,” she said, womanlike, “I can see it in your face. It tells
the story of a great trouble.”

“Yes, everything is so sad,” I said, in a haphazard way, which I had
intended to reflect my craziness.

“But you must not allow that to worry you. We all have our troubles, but
we get over them in good time. What kind of work are you trying to get?”

“I do not know; it’s all so sad,” I replied.

“Would you like to be a nurse for children and wear a nice white cap and
apron?” she asked.

I put my handkerchief up to my face to hide a smile, and replied, in a
muffled tone, “I never worked; I don’t know how.”

“But you must learn,” she urged; “all these women here work.”

“Do they?” I said, in a low, thrilling whisper. “Why, they look horrible
to me; just like crazy women. I am so afraid of them.”

“They don’t look very nice,” she answered, assentingly, “but they are
good, honest working women. We do not keep crazy people here.”

I again used my handkerchief to hide a smile, as I thought that before
morning she would at least think she had one crazy person among her
flock.

“They all look crazy,” I asserted again, “and I am afraid of them. There
are so many crazy people about, and one can never tell what they will
do. Then there are so many murders committed, and the police never catch
the murderers,” and I finished with a sob that would have broken up an
audience of _blase_ critics. She gave a sudden and convulsive start, and
I knew my first stroke had gone home. It was amusing to see what a
remarkably short time it took her to get up from her chair and to
whisper hurriedly: “I’ll come back to talk with you after awhile.” I
knew she would not come back and she did not.

When the supper-bell rang I went along with the others to the basement
and partook of the evening meal, which was similar to dinner, except
that there was a smaller bill of fare and more people, the women who are
employed outside during the day having returned. After the evening meal
we all adjourned to the parlors, where all sat, or stood, as there were
not chairs enough to go round.

It was a wretchedly lonely evening, and the light which fell from the
solitary gas jet in the parlor, and oil-lamp in the hall, helped to
envelop us in a dusky hue and dye our spirits a navy blue, I felt it
would not require many inundations of this atmosphere to make me a fit
subject for the place I was striving to reach.

[Illustration: NELLIE’S FIRST MEAL AT THE HOME.]

I watched two women, who seemed of all the crowd to be the most
sociable, and I selected them as the ones to work out my salvation, or,
more properly speaking, my condemnation and conviction. Excusing myself
and saying that I felt lonely, I asked if I might join their company.
They graciously consented, so with my hat and gloves on, which no one
had asked me to lay aside, I sat down and listened to the rather
wearisome conversation, in which I took no part, merely keeping up my
sad look, saying “Yes,” or “No,” or “I can’t say,” to their
observations. Several times I told them I thought everybody in the house
looked crazy, but they were slow to catch on to my very original remark.
One said her name was Mrs. King and that she was a Southern woman. Then
she said that I had a Southern accent. She asked me bluntly if I did not
really come from the South. I said “Yes.” The other woman got to talking
about the Boston boats and asked me if I knew at what time they left.

For a moment I forgot my _role_ of assumed insanity, and told her the
correct hour of departure. She then asked me what work I was going to
do, or if I had ever done any. I replied that I thought it very sad that
there were so many working people in the world. She said in reply that
she had been unfortunate and had come to New York, where she had worked
at correcting proofs on a medical dictionary for some time, but that her
health had given way under the task, and that she was now going to
Boston again. When the maid came to tell us to go to bed I remarked that
I was afraid, and again ventured the assertion that all the women in the
house seemed to be crazy. The nurse insisted on my going to bed. I asked
if I could not sit on the stairs, but she said, decisively: “No; for
every one in the house would think you were crazy.” Finally I allowed
them to take me to a room.

Here I must introduce a new personage by name into my narrative. It is
the woman who had been a proofreader, and was about to return to Boston.
She was a Mrs. Caine, who was as courageous as she was good-hearted. She
came into my room, and sat and talked with me a long time, taking down
my hair with gentle ways. She tried to persuade me to undress and go to
bed, but I stubbornly refused to do so. During this time a number of the
inmates of the house had gathered around us. They expressed themselves
in various ways. “Poor loon!” they said. “Why, she’s crazy enough!” “I
am afraid to stay with such a crazy being in the house.” “She will
murder us all before morning.” One woman was for sending for a policeman
to take me away at once. They were all in a terrible and real state of
fright.

No one wanted to be responsible for me, and the woman who was to occupy
the room with me declared that she would not stay with that “crazy
woman” for all the money of the Vanderbilts. It was then that Mrs. Caine
said she would stay with me. I told her I would like to have her do so.
So she was left with me. She didn’t undress, but lay down on the bed,
watchful of my movements. She tried to induce me to lie down, but I was
afraid to do this. I knew that if I once gave way I should fall asleep
and dream as pleasantly and peacefully as a child. I should, to use a
slang expression, be liable to “give myself dead away.” I had made up my
mind to stay awake all night. So I insisted on sitting on the side of
the bed and staring blankly at vacancy. My poor companion was put into a
wretched state of unhappiness. Every few moments she would rise up to
look at me. She told me that my eyes shone terribly brightly and then
began to question me, asking me where I had lived, how long I had been
in New York, what I had been doing, and many things besides. To all her
questionings I had but one response—I told her that I had forgotten
everything, that ever since my headache had come on I could not
remember.

Poor soul! How cruelly I tortured her, and what a kind heart she had!
But how I tortured all of them! One of them dreamed of me—as a
nightmare. After I had been in the room an hour or so, I was myself
startled by hearing a woman screaming in the next room. I began to
imagine that I was really in an insane asylum.

Mrs. Caine woke up, looked around, frightened, and listened. She then
went out and into the next room, and I heard her asking another woman
some questions. When she came back she told me that the woman had had a
hideous nightmare. She had been dreaming of me. She had seen me, she
said, rushing at her with a knife in my hand, with the intention of
killing her. In trying to escape me she had fortunately been able to
scream, and so to awaken herself and scare off her nightmare. Then Mrs.
Caine got into bed again, considerably agitated, but very sleepy.

I was weary, too, but I had braced myself up to the work, and was
determined to keep awake all night so as to carry on my work of
impersonation to a successful end in the morning. I heard midnight. I
had yet six hours to wait for daylight. The time passed with
excruciating slowness. Minutes appeared hours. The noises in the house
and on the avenue ceased.

Fearing that sleep would coax me into its grasp, I commenced to review
my life. How strange it all seems! One incident, if never so trifling,
is but a link more to chain us to our unchangeable fate. I began at the
beginning, and lived again the story of my life. Old friends were
recalled with a pleasurable thrill; old enmities, old heartaches, old
joys were once again present. The turned-down pages of my life were
turned up, and the past was present.

When it was completed, I turned my thoughts bravely to the future,
wondering, first, what the next day would bring forth, then making plans
for the carrying out of my project. I wondered if I should be able to
pass over the river to the goal of my strange ambition, to become
eventually an inmate of the halls inhabited by my mentally wrecked
sisters. And then, once in, what would be my experience? And after? How
to get out? Bah! I said, they will get me out.

That was the greatest night of my existence. For a few hours I stood
face to face with “self!”

I looked out toward the window and hailed with joy the slight shimmer of
dawn. The light grew strong and gray, but the silence was strikingly
still. My companion slept. I had still an hour or two to pass over.
Fortunately I found some employment for my mental activity. Robert Bruce
in his captivity had won confidence in the future, and passed his time
as pleasantly as possible under the circumstances, by watching the
celebrated spider building his web. I had less noble vermin to interest
me. Yet I believe I made some valuable discoveries in natural history. I
was about dropping off to sleep in spite of myself when I was suddenly
startled to wakefulness. I thought I heard something crawl and fall down
upon the counterpane with an almost inaudible thud.

I had the opportunity of studying these interesting animals very
thoroughly. They had evidently come for breakfast, and were not a little
disappointed to find that their principal _plat_ was not there. They
scampered up and down the pillow, came together, seemed to hold
interesting converse, and acted in every way as if they were puzzled by
the absence of an appetizing breakfast. After one consultation of some
length they finally disappeared, seeking victims elsewhere, and leaving
me to pass the long minutes by giving my attention to cockroaches, whose
size and agility were something of a surprise to me.

My room companion had been sound asleep for a long time, but she now
woke up, and expressed surprise at seeing me still awake and apparently
as lively as a cricket. She was as sympathetic as ever. She came to me
and took my hands and tried her best to console me, and asked me if I
did not want to go home. She kept me up-stairs until nearly everybody
was out of the house, and then took me down to the basement for coffee
and a bun. After that, partaken in silence, I went back to my room,
where I sat down, moping. Mrs. Caine grew more and more anxious. “What
is to be done?” she kept exclaiming. “Where are your friends?” “No,” I
answered, “I have no friends, but I have some trunks. Where are they? I
want them.” The good woman tried to pacify me, saying that they would be
found in good time. She believed that I was insane.

Yet I forgive her. It is only after one is in trouble that one realizes
how little sympathy and kindness there is in the world. The women in the
Home who were not afraid of me had wanted to have some amusement at my
expense, and so they had bothered me with questions and remarks that had
I been insane would have been cruel and inhumane. Only this one woman
among the crowd, pretty and delicate Mrs. Caine, displayed true womanly
feeling. She compelled the others to cease teasing me and took the bed
of the woman who refused to sleep near me. She protested against the
suggestion to leave me alone and to have me locked up for the night so
that I could harm no one. She insisted on remaining with me in order to
administer aid should I need it. She smoothed my hair and bathed my brow
and talked as soothingly to me as a mother would do to an ailing child.
By every means she tried to have me go to bed and rest, and when it drew
toward morning she got up and wrapped a blanket around me for fear I
might get cold; then she kissed me on the brow and whispered,
compassionately:

“Poor child, poor child!”

How much I admired that little woman’s courage and kindness. How I
longed to reassure her and whisper that I was not insane, and how I
hoped that, if any poor girl should ever be so unfortunate as to be what
I was pretending to be, she might meet with one who possessed the same
spirit of human kindness possessed by Mrs. Ruth Caine.




                              CHAPTER IV.
                      JUDGE DUFFY AND THE POLICE.


But to return to my story. I kept up my _role_ until the assistant
matron, Mrs. Stanard, came in. She tried to persuade me to be calm. I
began to see clearly that she wanted to get me out of the house at all
hazards, quietly if possible. This I did not want. I refused to move,
but kept up ever the refrain of my lost trunks. Finally some one
suggested that an officer be sent for. After awhile Mrs. Stanard put on
her bonnet and went out. Then I knew that I was making an advance toward
the home of the insane. Soon she returned, bringing with her two
policemen—big, strong men—who entered the room rather unceremoniously,
evidently expecting to meet with a person violently crazy. The name of
one of them was Tom Bockert.

When they entered I pretended not to see them. “I want you to take her
quietly,” said Mrs. Stanard. “If she don’t come along quietly,”
responded one of the men, “I will drag her through the streets.” I still
took no notice of them, but certainly wished to avoid raising a scandal
outside. Fortunately Mrs. Caine came to my rescue. She told the officers
about my outcries for my lost trunks, and together they made up a plan
to get me to go along with them quietly by telling me they would go with
me to look for my lost effects. They asked me if I would go. I said I
was afraid to go alone. Mrs. Stanard then said she would accompany me,
and she arranged that the two policemen should follow us at a respectful
distance. She tied on my veil for me, and we left the house by the
basement and started across town, the two officers following at some
distance behind. We walked along very quietly and finally came to the
station-house, which the good woman assured me was the express office,
and that there we should certainly find my missing effects. I went
inside with fear and trembling, for good reason.

A few days previous to this I had met Captain McCullagh at a meeting
held in Cooper Union. At that time I had asked him for some information
which he had given me. If he were in, would he not recognize me? And
then all would be lost so far as getting to the island was concerned. I
pulled my sailor hat as low down over my face as I possibly could, and
prepared for the ordeal. Sure enough there was sturdy Captain McCullagh
standing near the desk.

He watched me closely as the officer at the desk conversed in a low tone
with Mrs. Stanard and the policeman who brought me.

“Are you Nellie Brown?” asked the officer. I said I supposed I was.
“Where do you come from?” he asked. I told him I did not know, and then
Mrs. Stanard gave him a lot of information about me—told him how
strangely I had acted at her home; how I had not slept a wink all night,
and that in her opinion I was a poor unfortunate who had been driven
crazy by inhuman treatment. There was some discussion between Mrs.
Stanard and the two officers, and Tom Bockert was told to take us down
to the court in a car.

[Illustration: IN THE HANDS OF THE POLICE.]

“Come along,” Bockert said, “I will find your trunk for you.” We all
went together, Mrs. Stanard, Tom Bockert, and myself. I said it was very
kind of them to go with me, and I should not soon forget them. As we
walked along I kept up my refrain about my trunks, interjecting
occasionally some remark about the dirty condition of the streets and
the curious character of the people we met on the way. “I don’t think I
have ever seen such people before,” I said. “Who are they?” I asked, and
my companions looked upon me with expressions of pity, evidently
believing I was a foreigner, an immigrant or something of the sort. They
told me that the people around me were working people. I remarked once
more that I thought there were too many working people in the world for
the amount of work to be done, at which remark Policeman P. T. Bockert
eyed me closely, evidently thinking that my mind was gone for good. We
passed several other policemen, who generally asked my sturdy guardians
what was the matter with me. By this time quite a number of ragged
children were following us too, and they passed remarks about me that
were to me original as well as amusing.

“What’s she up for?” “Say, kop, where did ye get her?” “Where did yer
pull ’er?” “She’s a daisy!”

Poor Mrs. Stanard was more frightened than I was. The whole situation
grew interesting, but I still had fears for my fate before the judge.

At last we came to a low building, and Tom Bockert kindly volunteered
the information: “Here’s the express office. We shall soon find those
trunks of yours.”

The entrance to the building was surrounded by a curious crowd and I did
not think my case was bad enough to permit me passing them without some
remark, so I asked if all those people had lost their trunks.

“Yes,” he said, “nearly all these people are looking for trunks.”

I said, “They all seem to be foreigners, too.” “Yes,” said Tom, “they
are all foreigners just landed. They have all lost their trunks, and it
takes most of our time to help find them for them.”

We entered the courtroom. It was the Essex Market Police Courtroom. At
last the question of my sanity or insanity was to be decided. Judge
Duffy sat behind the high desk, wearing a look which seemed to indicate
that he was dealing out the milk of human kindness by wholesale. I
rather feared I would not get the fate I sought, because of the kindness
I saw on every line of his face, and it was with rather a sinking heart
that I followed Mrs. Stanard as she answered the summons to go up to the
desk, where Tom Bockert had just given an account of the affair.

“Come here,” said an officer. “What is your name?”

“Nellie Brown,” I replied, with a little accent. “I have lost my trunks,
and would like if you could find them.”

“When did you come to New York?” he asked.

“I did not come to New York,” I replied (while I added, mentally,
“because I have been here for some time.”)

“But you are in New York now,” said the man.

“No,” I said, looking as incredulous as I thought a crazy person could,
“I did not come to New York.”

“That girl is from the west,” he said, in a tone that made me tremble.
“She has a western accent.”

Some one else who had been listening to the brief dialogue here asserted
that he had lived south and that my accent was southern, while another
officer was positive it was eastern. I felt much relieved when the first
spokesman turned to the judge and said:

“Judge, here is a peculiar case of a young woman who doesn’t know who
she is or where she came from. You had better attend to it at once.”

I commenced to shake with more than the cold, and I looked around at the
strange crowd about me, composed of poorly dressed men and women with
stories printed on their faces of hard lives, abuse and poverty. Some
were consulting eagerly with friends, while others sat still with a look
of utter hopelessness. Everywhere was a sprinkling of well-dressed,
well-fed officers watching the scene passively and almost indifferently.
It was only an old story with them. One more unfortunate added to a long
list which had long since ceased to be of any interest or concern to
them.

[Illustration: NELLIE BEFORE JUDGE DUFFY.]

“Come here, girl, and lift your veil,” called out Judge Duffy, in tones
which surprised me by a harshness which I did not think from the kindly
face he possessed.

“Who are you speaking to?” I inquired, in my stateliest manner.

“Come here, my dear, and lift your veil. You know the Queen of England,
if she were here, would have to lift her veil,” he said, very kindly.

“That is much better,” I replied. “I am not the Queen of England, but
I’ll lift my veil.”

As I did so the little judge looked at me, and then, in a very kind and
gentle tone, he said:

“My dear child, what is wrong?”

“Nothing is wrong except that I have lost my trunks, and this man,”
indicating Policeman Bockert, “promised to bring me where they could be
found.”

“What do you know about this child?” asked the judge, sternly, of Mrs.
Stanard, who stood, pale and trembling, by my side.

“I know nothing of her except that she came to the home yesterday and
asked to remain overnight.”

“The home! What do you mean by the home?” asked Judge Duffy, quickly.

“It is a temporary home kept for working women at No. 84 Second Avenue.”

“What is your position there?”

“I am assistant matron.”

“Well, tell us all you know of the case.”

“When I was going into the home yesterday I noticed her coming down the
avenue. She was all alone. I had just got into the house when the bell
rang and she came in. When I talked with her she wanted to know if she
could stay all night, and I said she could. After awhile she said all
the people in the house looked crazy, and she was afraid of them. Then
she would not go to bed, but sat up all the night.”

“Had she any money?”

“Yes,” I replied, answering for her, “I paid her for everything, and the
eating was the worst I ever tried.”

There was a general smile at this, and some murmurs of “She’s not so
crazy on the food question.”

“Poor child,” said Judge Duffy, “she is well dressed, and a lady. Her
English is perfect, and I would stake everything on her being a good
girl. I am positive she is somebody’s darling.”

At this announcement everybody laughed, and I put my handkerchief over
my face and endeavored to choke the laughter that threatened to spoil my
plans, in despite of my resolutions.

“I mean she is some woman’s darling,” hastily amended the judge. “I am
sure some one is searching for her. Poor girl, I will be good to her,
for she looks like my sister, who is dead.”

There was a hush for a moment after this announcement, and the officers
glanced at me more kindly, while I silently blessed the kind-hearted
judge, and hoped that any poor creatures who might be afflicted as I
pretended to be should have as kindly a man to deal with as Judge Duffy.

“I wish the reporters were here,” he said at last. “They would be able
to find out something about her.”

I got very much frightened at this, for if there is any one who can
ferret out a mystery it is a reporter. I felt that I would rather face a
mass of expert doctors, policemen, and detectives than two bright
specimens of my craft, so I said:

“I don’t see why all this is needed to help me find my trunks. These men
are impudent, and I do not want to be stared at. I will go away. I don’t
want to stay here.”

So saying, I pulled down my veil and secretly hoped the reporters would
be detained elsewhere until I was sent to the asylum.

“I don’t know what to do with the poor child,” said the worried judge.
“She must be taken care of.”

“Send her to the Island,” suggested one of the officers.

“Oh, don’t!” said Mrs. Stanard, in evident alarm. “Don’t! She is a lady
and it would kill her to be put on the Island.”

For once I felt like shaking that good woman. To think the Island was
just the place I wanted to reach and here she was trying to keep me from
going there! It was very kind of her, but rather provoking under the
circumstances.

“There has been some foul work here,” said the judge. “I believe this
child has been drugged and brought to this city. Make out the papers and
we will send her to Bellevue for examination. Probably in a few days the
effect of the drug will pass off and she will be able to tell us a story
that will be startling. If the reporters would only come!”

I dreaded them, so I said something about not wishing to stay there any
longer to be gazed at. Judge Duffy then told Policeman Bockert to take
me to the back office. After we were seated there Judge Duffy came in
and asked me if my home was in Cuba.

“Yes,” I replied, with a smile. “How did you know?”

“Oh, I knew it, my dear. Now, tell me where was it? In what part of
Cuba?”

“On the hacienda,” I replied.

“Ah,” said the judge, “on a farm. Do you remember Havana?”

“Si, senor,” I answered; “it is near home. How did you know?”

“Oh, I knew all about it. Now, won’t you tell me the name of your home?”
he asked, persuasively.

“That’s what I forget,” I answered, sadly. “I have a headache all the
time, and it makes me forget things. I don’t want them to trouble me.
Everybody is asking me questions, and it makes my head worse,” and in
truth it did.

“Well, no one shall trouble you any more. Sit down here and rest
awhile,” and the genial judge left me alone with Mrs. Stanard.

Just then an officer came in with a reporter. I was so frightened, and
thought I would be recognized as a journalist, so I turned my head away
and said, “I don’t want to see any reporters; I will not see any; the
judge said I was not to be troubled.”

“Well, there is no insanity in that,” said the man who had brought the
reporter, and together they left the room. Once again I had a fit of
fear. Had I gone too far in not wanting to see a reporter, and was my
sanity detected? If I had given the impression that I was sane, I was
determined to undo it, so I jumped up and ran back and forward through
the office, Mrs. Stanard clinging terrified to my arm.

“I won’t stay here; I want my trunks! Why do they bother me with so many
people?” and thus I kept on until the ambulance surgeon came in,
accompanied by the judge.




                               CHAPTER V.
                           PRONOUNCED INSANE.


“Here is a poor girl who has been drugged,” explained the judge. “She
looks like my sister, and any one can see she is a good girl. I am
interested in the child, and I would do as much for her as if she were
my own. I want you to be kind to her,” he said to the ambulance surgeon.
Then, turning to Mrs. Stanard, he asked her if she could not keep me for
a few days until my case was inquired into. Fortunately, she said she
could not, because all the women at the Home were afraid of me, and
would leave if I were kept there. I was very much afraid she would keep
me if the pay was assured her, and so I said something about the bad
cooking and that I did not intend to go back to the Home. Then came the
examination; the doctor looked clever and I had not one hope of
deceiving him, but I determined to keep up the farce.

“Put out your tongue,” he ordered, briskly.

I gave an inward chuckle at the thought.

“Put out your tongue when I tell you,” he said.

“I don’t want to,” I answered, truthfully enough.

“You must. You are sick, and I am a doctor.”

“I am not sick and never was. I only want my trunks.”

But I put out my tongue, which he looked at in a sagacious manner. Then
he felt my pulse and listened to the beating of my heart. I had not the
least idea how the heart of an insane person beat, so I held my breath
all the while he listened, until, when he quit, I had to give a gasp to
regain it. Then he tried the effect of the light on the pupils of my
eyes. Holding his hand within a half inch of my face, he told me to look
at it, then, jerking it hastily away, he would examine my eyes. I was
puzzled to know what insanity was like in the eye, so I thought the best
thing under the circumstances was to stare. This I did. I held my eyes
riveted unblinkingly upon his hand, and when he removed it I exerted all
my strength to still keep my eyes from blinking.

[Illustration: AN INSANITY EXPERT AT WORK.]

“What drugs have you been taking?” he then asked me.

“Drugs!” I repeated, wonderingly. “I do not know what drugs are.”

“The pupils of her eyes have been enlarged ever since she came to the
Home. They have not changed once,” explained Mrs. Stanard. I wondered
how she knew whether they had or not, but I kept quiet.

“I believe she has been using belladonna,” said the doctor, and for the
first time I was thankful that I was a little near-sighted, which of
course answers for the enlargement of the pupils. I thought I might as
well be truthful when I could without injuring my case, so I told him I
was near-sighted, that I was not in the least ill, had never been sick,
and that no one had a right to detain me when I wanted to find my
trunks. I wanted to go home. He wrote a lot of things in a long, slender
book, and then said he was going to take me home. The judge told him to
take me and to be kind to me, and to tell the people at the hospital to
be kind to me, and to do all they could for me. If we only had more such
men as Judge Duffy, the poor unfortunates would not find life all
darkness.

I began to have more confidence in my own ability now, since one judge,
one doctor, and a mass of people had pronounced me insane, and I put on
my veil quite gladly when I was told that I was to be taken in a
carriage, and that afterward I could go home. “I am so glad to go with
you,” I said, and I meant it. I was very glad indeed. Once more, guarded
by Policeman Brockert, I walked through the little, crowded courtroom. I
felt quite proud of myself as I went out a side door into an alleyway,
where the ambulance was waiting. Near the closed and barred gates was a
small office occupied by several men and large books. We all went in
there, and when they began to ask me questions the doctor interposed and
said he had all the papers, and that it was useless to ask me anything
further, because I was unable to answer questions. This was a great
relief to me, for my nerves were already feeling the strain. A
rough-looking man wanted to put me into the ambulance, but I refused his
aid so decidedly that the doctor and policeman told him to desist, and
they performed that gallant office themselves. I did not enter the
ambulance without protest. I made the remark that I had never seen a
carriage of that make before, and that I did not want to ride in it, but
after awhile I let them persuade me, as I had right along intended to
do.

I shall never forget that ride. After I was put in flat on the yellow
blanket, the doctor got in and sat near the door. The large gates were
swung open, and the curious crowd which had collected swayed back to
make way for the ambulance as it backed out. How they tried to get a
glimpse at the supposed crazy girl! The doctor saw that I did not like
the people gazing at me, and considerately put down the curtains, after
asking my wishes in regard to it. Still that did not keep the people
away. The children raced after us, yelling all sorts of slang
expressions, and trying to get a peep under the curtains. It was quite
an interesting drive, but I must say that it was an excruciatingly rough
one. I held on, only there was not much to hold on to, and the driver
drove as if he feared some one would catch up with us.




                              CHAPTER VI.
                         IN BELLEVUE HOSPITAL.


At last Bellevue was reached, the third station on my way to the island.
I had passed through successfully the ordeals at the home and at Essex
Market Police Court, and now felt confident that I should not fail. The
ambulance stopped with a sudden jerk and the doctor jumped out. “How
many have you?” I heard some one inquire. “Only one, for the pavilion,”
was the reply. A rough-looking man came forward, and catching hold of me
attempted to drag me out as if I had the strength of an elephant and
would resist. The doctor, seeing my look of disgust, ordered him to
leave me alone, saying that he would take charge of me himself. He then
lifted me carefully out and I walked with the grace of a queen past the
crowd that had gathered curious to see the new unfortunate. Together
with the doctor I entered a small dark office, where there were several
men. The one behind the desk opened a book and began on the long string
of questions which had been asked me so often.

I refused to answer, and the doctor told him it was not necessary to
trouble me further, as he had all the papers made out, and I was too
insane to be able to tell anything that would be of consequence. I felt
relieved that it was so easy here, as, though still undaunted, I had
begun to feel faint for want of food. The order was then given to take
me to the insane pavilion, and a muscular man came forward and caught me
so tightly by the arm that a pain ran clear through me. It made me
angry, and for a moment I forgot my _role_ as I turned to him and said:

“How dare you touch me?” At this he loosened his hold somewhat, and I
shook him off with more strength than I thought I possessed.

“I will go with no one but this man,” I said, pointing to the
ambulance-surgeon. “The judge said that he was to take care of me, and I
will go with no one else.”

At this the surgeon said that he would take me, and so we went arm in
arm, following the man who had at first been so rough with me. We passed
through the well-cared-for grounds and finally reached the insane ward.
A white-capped nurse was there to receive me.

“This young girl is to wait here for the boat,” said the surgeon, and
then he started to leave me. I begged him not to go, or to take me with
him, but he said he wanted to get his dinner first, and that I should
wait there for him. When I insisted on accompanying him he claimed that
he had to assist at an amputation, and it would not look well for me to
be present. It was evident that he believed he was dealing with an
insane person. Just then the most horrible insane cries came from a yard
in the rear. With all my bravery I felt a chill at the prospect of being
shut up with a fellow-creature who was really insane. The doctor
evidently noticed my nervousness, for he said to the attendant:

“What a noise the carpenters make.”

Turning to me he offered me explanation to the effect that new buildings
were being erected, and that the noise came from some of the workmen
engaged upon it. I told him I did not want to stay there without him,
and to pacify me he promised soon to return. He left me and I found
myself at last an occupant of an insane asylum.

I stood at the door and contemplated the scene before me. The long,
uncarpeted hall was scrubbed to that peculiar whiteness seen only in
public institutions. In the rear of the hall were large iron doors
fastened by a padlock. Several stiff-looking benches and a number of
willow chairs were the only articles of furniture. On either side of the
hall were doors leading into what I supposed and what proved to be
bedrooms. Near the entrance door, on the right-hand side, was a small
sitting-room for the nurses, and opposite it was a room where dinner was
dished out. A nurse in a black dress, white cap and apron and armed with
a bunch of keys had charge of the hall. I soon learned her name, Miss
Ball.

An old Irishwoman was maid-of-all-work. I heard her called Mary, and I
am glad to know that there is such a good-hearted woman in that place. I
experienced only kindness and the utmost consideration from her. There
were only three patients, as they are called. I made the fourth. I
thought I might as well begin work at once, for I still expected that
the very first doctor might declare me sane and send me out again into
the wide, wide world. So I went down to the rear of the room and
introduced myself to one of the women, and asked her all about herself.
Her name, she said, was Miss Anne Neville, and she had been sick from
overwork. She had been working as a chambermaid, and when her health
gave way she was sent to some Sisters’ Home to be treated. Her nephew,
who was a waiter, was out of work, and, being unable to pay her expenses
at the Home, had had her transferred to Bellevue.

“Is there anything wrong with you mentally as well?” I asked her.

“No,” she said. “The doctors have been asking me many curious questions
and confusing me as much as possible, but I have nothing wrong with my
brain.”

“Do you know that only insane people are sent to this pavilion?” I
asked.

“Yes, I know; but I am unable to do anything. The doctors refuse to
listen to me, and it is useless to say anything to the nurses.”

Satisfied from various reasons that Miss Neville was as sane as I was
myself, I transferred my attentions to one of the other patients. I
found her in need of medical aid and quite silly mentally, although I
have seen many women in the lower walks of life, whose sanity was never
questioned, who were not any brighter.

The third patient, Mrs. Fox, would not say much. She was very quiet, and
after telling me that her case was hopeless refused to talk. I began now
to feel surer of my position, and I determined that no doctor should
convince me that I was sane so long as I had the hope of accomplishing
my mission. A small, fair-complexioned nurse arrived, and, after putting
on her cap, told Miss Ball to go to dinner. The new nurse, Miss Scott by
name, came to me and said, rudely:

“Take off your hat.”

“I shall not take off my hat,” I answered. “I am waiting for the boat,
and I shall not remove it.”

“Well, you are not going on any boat. You might as well know it now as
later. You are in an asylum for the insane.”

Although fully aware of that fact, her unvarnished words gave me a
shock. “I did not want to come here; I am not sick or insane, and I will
not stay,” I said.

“It will be a long time before you get out if you don’t do as you are
told,” answered Miss Scott. “You might as well take off your hat, or I
shall use force, and if I am not able to do it, I have but to touch a
bell and I shall get assistance. Will you take it off?”

“No, I will not. I am cold, and I want my hat on, and you can’t make me
take it off.”

“I shall give you a few more minutes, and if you don’t take it off then
I shall use force, and I warn you it will not be very gentle.”

“If you take my hat off I shall take your cap off; so now.”

Miss Scott was called to the door then, and as I feared that an
exhibition of temper might show too much sanity I took off my hat and
gloves and was sitting quietly looking into space when she returned. I
was hungry, and was quite pleased to see Mary make preparations for
dinner. The preparations were simple. She merely pulled a straight bench
up along the side of a bare table and ordered the patients to gather
’round the feast; then she brought out a small tin plate on which was a
piece of boiled meat and a potato. It could not have been colder had it
been cooked the week before, and it had no chance to make acquaintance
with salt or pepper. I would not go up to the table, so Mary came to
where I sat in a corner, and, while handing out the tin plate, asked:

“Have ye any pennies about ye, dearie?”

“What?” I said, in my surprise.

“Have ye any pennies, dearie, that ye could give me. They’ll take them
all from ye any way, dearie, so I might as well have them.”

I understood it fully now, but I had no intention of feeing Mary so
early in the game, fearing it would have an influence on her treatment
of me, so I said I had lost my purse, which was quite true. But though I
did not give Mary any money, she was none the less kind to me. When I
objected to the tin plate in which she had brought my food she fetched a
china one for me, and when I found it impossible to eat the food she
presented she gave me a glass of milk and a soda cracker.

All the windows in the hall were open and the cold air began to tell on
my Southern blood. It grew so cold indeed as to be almost unbearable,
and I complained of it to Miss Scott and Miss Ball. But they answered
curtly that as I was in a charity place I could not expect much else.
All the other women were suffering from the cold, and the nurses
themselves had to wear heavy garments to keep themselves warm. I asked
if I could go to bed. They said “No!” At last Miss Scott got an old gray
shawl, and shaking some of the moths out of it, told me to put it on.

“It’s rather a bad-looking shawl,” I said.

“Well, some people would get along better if they were not so proud,”
said Miss Scott. “People on charity should not expect anything and
should not complain.”

So I put the moth-eaten shawl, with all its musty smell, around me, and
sat down on a wicker chair, wondering what would come next, whether I
should freeze to death or survive. My nose was very cold, so I covered
up my head and was in a half doze, when the shawl was suddenly jerked
from my face and a strange man and Miss Scott stood before me. The man
proved to be a doctor, and his first greetings were:

“I’ve seen that face before.”

“Then you know me?” I asked, with a great show of eagerness that I did
not feel.

“I think I do. Where did you come from?”

“From home.”

“Where is home?”

“Don’t you know? Cuba.”

[Illustration: POSITIVELY DEMENTED.]

He then sat down beside me, felt my pulse, and examined my tongue, and
at last said:

“Tell Miss Scott all about yourself.”

“No, I will not. I will not talk with women.”

“What do you do in New York?”

“Nothing.”

“Can you work?”

“No, senor.”

“Tell me, are you a woman of the town?”

“I do not understand you,” I replied, heartily disgusted with him.

“I mean have you allowed the men to provide for you and keep you?”

I felt like slapping him in the face, but I had to maintain my
composure, so I simply said:

“I do not know what you are talking about. I always lived at home.”

After many more questions, fully as useless and senseless, he left me
and began to talk with the nurse. “Positively demented,” he said. “I
consider it a hopeless case. She needs to be put where some one will
take care of her.”

And so I passed my second medical expert.

After this, I began to have a smaller regard for the ability of doctors
than I ever had before, and a greater one for myself. I felt sure now
that no doctor could tell whether people were insane or not, so long as
the case was not violent.

Later in the afternoon a boy and a woman came. The woman sat down on a
bench, while the boy went in and talked with Miss Scott. In a short time
he came out, and, just nodding good-bye to the woman, who was his
mother, went away. She did not look insane, but as she was German I
could not learn her story. Her name, however, was Mrs. Louise Schanz.
She seemed quite lost, but when the nurses put her at some sewing she
did her work well and quickly. At three in the afternoon all the
patients were given a gruel broth, and at five a cup of tea and a piece
of bread. I was favored; for when they saw that it was impossible for me
to eat the bread or drink the stuff honored by the name of tea, they
gave me a cup of milk and a cracker, the same as I had had at noon.

Just as the gas was being lighted another patient was added. She was a
young girl, twenty-five years old. She told me that she had just gotten
up from a sick bed. Her appearance confirmed her story. She looked like
one who had had a severe attack of fever. “I am now suffering from
nervous debility,” she said, “and my friends have sent me here to be
treated for it.” I did not tell her where she was, and she seemed quite
satisfied. At 6.15 Miss Ball said that she wanted to go away, and so we
would all have to go to bed. Then each of us—we now numbered six—were
assigned a room and told to undress. I did so, and was given a short,
cotton-flannel gown to wear during the night. Then she took every
particle of the clothing I had worn during the day, and, making it up in
a bundle, labeled it “Brown,” and took it away. The iron-barred window
was locked, and Miss Ball, after giving me an extra blanket, which, she
said, was a favor rarely granted, went out and left me alone. The bed
was not a comfortable one. It was so hard, indeed, that I could not make
a dent in it; and the pillow was stuffed with straw. Under the sheet was
an oilcloth spread. As the night grew colder I tried to warm that
oilcloth. I kept on trying, but when morning dawned and it was still as
cold as when I went to bed, and had reduced me, too, to the temperature
of an iceberg, I gave it up as an impossible task.

I had hoped to get some rest on this my first night in an insane asylum.
But I was doomed to disappointment. When the night nurses came in they
were curious to see me and to find out what I was like. No sooner had
they left than I heard some one at the door inquiring for Nellie Brown,
and I began to tremble, fearing always that my sanity would be
discovered. By listening to the conversation I found it was a reporter
in search of me, and I heard him ask for my clothing so that he might
examine it. I listened quite anxiously to the talk about me, and was
relieved to learn that I was considered hopelessly insane. That was
encouraging. After the reporter left I heard new arrivals, and I learned
that a doctor was there and intended to see me. For what purpose I knew
not, and I imagined all sorts of horrible things, such as examinations
and the rest of it, and when they got to my room I was shaking with more
than fear.

“Nellie Brown, here is the doctor; he wishes to speak with you,” said
the nurse. If that’s all he wanted I thought I could endure it. I
removed the blanket which I had put over my head in my sudden fright and
looked up. The sight was reassuring.

He was a handsome young man. He had the air and address of a gentleman.
Some people have since censured this action; but I feel sure, even if it
was a little indiscreet, that the young doctor only meant kindness to
me. He came forward, seated himself on the side of my bed, and put his
arm soothingly around my shoulders. It was a terrible task to play
insane before this young man, and only a girl can sympathize with me in
my position.

“How do you feel to-night, Nellie?” he asked, easily.

“Oh, I feel all right.”

“But you are sick, you know,” he said.

“Oh, am I?” I replied, and I turned my head on the pillow and smiled.

“When did you leave Cuba, Nellie?”

“Oh, you know my home?” I asked.

“Yes, very well. Don’t you remember me? I remember you.”

“Do you?” and I mentally said I should not forget him. He was
accompanied by a friend who never ventured a remark, but stood staring
at me as I lay in bed. After a great many questions, to which I answered
truthfully, he left me. Then came other troubles. All night long the
nurses read one to the other aloud, and I know that the other patients,
as well as myself, were unable to sleep. Every half-hour or hour they
would walk heavily down the halls, their boot-heels resounding like the
march of a private of dragoons, and take a look at every patient. Of
course this helped to keep us awake. Then, as it came toward morning,
they began to beat eggs for breakfast, and the sound made me realize how
horribly hungry I was. Occasional yells and cries came from the male
department, and that did not aid in making the night pass more
cheerfully. Then the ambulance-gong, as it brought in more unfortunates,
sounded as a knell to life and liberty. Thus I passed my first night as
an insane girl at Bellevue.




                              CHAPTER VII.
                           THE GOAL IN SIGHT.


At 6 o’clock on Sunday morning, Sept. 25, the nurses pulled the covering
from my bed. “Come, it’s time for you to get out of bed,” they said, and
opened the window and let in the cold breeze. My clothing was then
returned to me. After dressing I was shown to a washstand, where all the
other patients were trying to rid their faces of all traces of sleep. At
7 o’clock we were given some horrible mess, which Mary told us was
chicken broth. The cold, from which we had suffered enough the day
previous, was bitter, and when I complained to the nurse she said it was
one of the rules of the institution not to turn the heat on until
October, and so we would have to endure it, as the steam-pipes had not
even been put in order. The night nurses then, arming themselves with
scissors, began to play manicure on the patients. They cut my nails to
the quick, as they did those of several of the other patients. Shortly
after this a handsome young doctor made his appearance and I was
conducted into the sitting-room.

“Who are you?” he asked.

“Nellie Moreno,” I replied.

“Then why did you give the name of Brown?” he asked. “What is wrong with
you?”

“Nothing. I did not want to come here, but they brought me. I want to go
away. Won’t you let me out?”

“If I take you out will you stay with me? Won’t you run away from me
when you get on the street?”

“I can’t promise that I will not,” I answered, with a smile and a sigh,
for he was handsome.

He asked me many other questions. Did I ever see faces on the wall? Did
I ever hear voices around? I answered him to the best of my ability.

“Do you ever hear voices at night?” he asked.

“Yes, there is so much talking I cannot sleep.”

“I thought so,” he said to himself. Then turning to me, he asked: “What
do these voices say?”

“Well, I do not listen to them always. But sometimes, very often, they
talk about Nellie Brown, and then on other subjects that do not interest
me half so much,” I answered, truthfully.

“That will do,” he said to Miss Scott, who was just on the outside.

“Can I go away?” I asked.

“Yes,” he said, with a satisfied laugh, “we’ll soon send you away.”

“It is so very cold here, I want to go out,” I said.

“That’s true,” he said to Miss Scott. “The cold is almost unbearable in
here, and you will have some cases of pneumonia if you are not careful.”

With this I was led away and another patient was taken in. I sat right
outside the door and waited to hear how he would test the sanity of the
other patients. With little variation the examination was exactly the
same as mine. All the patients were asked if they saw faces on the wall,
heard voices, and what they said. I might also add each patient denied
any such peculiar freaks of sight and hearing. At 10 o’clock we were
given a cup of unsalted beef tea; at noon a bit of cold meat and a
potatoe, at 3 o’clock a cup of oatmeal gruel and at 5.30 a cup of tea
and a slice of unbuttered bread. We were all cold and hungry. After the
physician left we were given shawls and told to walk up and down the
halls in order to get warm. During the day the pavilion was visited by a
number of people who were curious to see the crazy girl from Cuba. I
kept my head covered, on the plea of being cold, for fear some of the
reporters would recognize me. Some of the visitors were apparently in
search of a missing girl, for I was made to take down the shawl
repeatedly, and after they looked at me they would say, “I don’t know
her,” or “she is not the one,” for which I was secretly thankful. Warden
O’Rourke visited me, and tried his arts on an examination. Then he
brought some well-dressed women and some gentlemen at different times to
have a glance at the mysterious Nellie Brown.

The reporters were the most troublesome. Such a number of them! And they
were all so bright and clever that I was terribly frightened lest they
should see that I was sane. They were very kind and nice to me, and very
gentle in all their questionings. My late visitor the night previous
came to the window while some reporters were interviewing me in the
sitting-room, and told the nurse to allow them to see me, as they would
be of assistance in finding some clew as to my identity.

In the afternoon Dr. Field came and examined me. He asked me only a few
questions, and ones that had no bearing on such a case. The chief
question was of my home and friends, and if I had any lovers or had ever
been married. Then he made me stretch out my arms and move my fingers,
which I did without the least hesitation, yet I heard him say my case
was hopeless. The other patients were asked the same questions.

As the doctor was about to leave the pavilion Miss Tillie Mayard
discovered that she was in an insane ward. She went to Dr. Field and
asked him why she had been sent there.

“Have you just found out you are in an insane asylum?” asked the doctor.

“Yes; my friends said they were sending me to a convalescent ward to be
treated for nervous debility, from which I am suffering since my
illness. I want to get out of this place immediately.”

“Well, you won’t get out in a hurry,” he said, with a quick laugh.

“If you know anything at all,” she responded, “you should be able to
tell that I am perfectly sane. Why don’t you test me?”

“We know all we want to on that score,” said the doctor, and he left the
poor girl condemned to an insane asylum, probably for life, without
giving her one feeble chance to prove her sanity.

Sunday night was but a repetition of Saturday. All night long we were
kept awake by the talk of the nurses and their heavy walking through the
uncarpeted halls. On Monday morning we were told that we should be taken
away at 1.30. The nurses questioned me unceasingly about my home, and
all seemed to have an idea that I had a lover who had cast me forth on
the world and wrecked my brain. The morning brought many reporters. How
untiring they are in their efforts to get something new. Miss Scott
refused to allow me to be seen, however, and for this I was thankful.
Had they been given free access to me, I should probably not have been a
mystery long, for many of them knew me by sight. Warden O’Rourke came
for a final visit and had a short conversation with me. He wrote his
name in my notebook, saying to the nurse that I would forget all about
it in an hour. I smiled and thought I wasn’t sure of that. Other people
called to see me, but none knew me or could give any information about
me.

Noon came. I grew nervous as the time approached to leave for the
Island. I dreaded every new arrival, fearful that my secret would be
discovered at the last moment. Then I was given a shawl and my hat and
gloves. I could hardly put them on, my nerves were so unstrung. At last
the attendant arrived, and I bade good-bye to Mary as I slipped “a few
pennies” into her hand. “God bless you,” she said; “I shall pray for
you. Cheer up, dearie. You are young, and will get over this.” I told
her I hoped so, and then I said good-bye to Miss Scott in Spanish. The
rough-looking attendant twisted his arms around mine, and half-led,
half-dragged me to an ambulance. A crowd of the students had assembled,
and they watched us curiously. I put the shawl over my face, and sank
thankfully into the wagon. Miss Neville, Miss Mayard, Mrs. Fox, and Mrs.
Schanz were all put in after me, one at a time. A man got in with us,
the doors were locked, and we were driven out of the gates in great
style on toward the Insane Asylum and victory! The patients made no move
to escape. The odor of the male attendant’s breath was enough to make
one’s head swim.

When we reached the wharf such a mob of people crowded around the wagon
that the police were called to put them away, so that we could reach the
boat. I was the last of the procession. I was escorted down the plank,
the fresh breeze blowing the attendants’ whisky breath into my face
until I staggered. I was taken into a dirty cabin, where I found my
companions seated on a narrow bench. The small windows were closed, and,
with the smell of the filthy room, the air was stifling. At one end of
the cabin was a small bunk in such a condition that I had to hold my
nose when I went near it. A sick girl was put on it. An old woman, with
an enormous bonnet and a dirty basket filled with chunks of bread and
bits of scrap meat, completed our company. The door was guarded by two
female attendants. One was clad in a dress made of bed-ticking and the
other was dressed with some attempt at style. They were coarse, massive
women, and expectorated tobacco juice about on the floor in a manner
more skillful than charming. One of these fearful creatures seemed to
have much faith in the power of the glance on insane people, for, when
any one of us would move or go to look out of the high window she would
say “Sit down,” and would lower her brows and glare in a way that was
simply terrifying. While guarding the door they talked with some men on
the outside. They discussed the number of patients and then their own
affairs in a manner neither edifying nor refined.

[Illustration: ON BOARD THE ISLAND BOAT.]

The boat stopped and the old woman and the sick girl were taken off. The
rest of us were told to sit still. At the next stop my companions were
taken off, one at a time. I was last, and it seemed to require a man and
a woman to lead me up the plank to reach the shore. An ambulance was
standing there, and in it were the four other patients.

“What is this place?” I asked of the man, who had his fingers sunk into
the flesh of my arm.

“Blackwell’s Island, an insane place, where you’ll never get out of.”

With this I was shoved into the ambulance, the springboard was put up,
an officer and a mail-carrier jumped on behind, and I was swiftly driven
to the Insane Asylum on Blackwell’s Island.




                             CHAPTER VIII.
                         INSIDE THE MAD-HOUSE.


As the wagon was rapidly driven through the beautiful lawns up to the
asylum my feelings of satisfaction at having attained the object of my
work were greatly dampened by the look of distress on the faces of my
companions. Poor women, they had no hopes of a speedy delivery. They
were being driven to a prison, through no fault of their own, in all
probability for life. In comparison, how much easier it would be to walk
to the gallows than to this tomb of living horrors! On the wagon sped,
and I, as well as my comrades, gave a despairing farewell glance at
freedom as we came in sight of the long stone buildings. We passed one
low building, and the stench was so horrible that I was compelled to
hold my breath, and I mentally decided that it was the kitchen. I
afterward found I was correct in my surmise, and smiled at the signboard
at the end of the walk: “Visitors are not allowed on this road.” I don’t
think the sign would be necessary if they once tried the road,
especially on a warm day.

The wagon stopped, and the nurse and officer in charge told us to get
out. The nurse added: “Thank God! they came quietly.” We obeyed orders
to go ahead up a flight of narrow, stone steps, which had evidently been
built for the accommodation of people who climb stairs three at a time.
I wondered if my companions knew where we were, so I said to Miss Tillie
Mayard:

“Where are we?”

“At the Blackwell’s Island Lunatic Asylum,” she answered, sadly.

“Are you crazy?” I asked.

“No,” she replied; “but as we have been sent here we will have to be
quiet until we find some means of escape. They will be few, though, if
all the doctors, as Dr. Field, refuse to listen to me or give me a
chance to prove my sanity.” We were ushered into a narrow vestibule, and
the door was locked behind us.

In spite of the knowledge of my sanity and the assurance that I would be
released in a few days, my heart gave a sharp twinge. Pronounced insane
by four expert doctors and shut up behind the unmerciful bolts and bars
of a mad-house! Not to be confined alone, but to be a companion, day and
night, of senseless, chattering lunatics; to sleep with them, to eat
with them, to be considered one of them, was an uncomfortable position.
Timidly we followed the nurse up the long uncarpeted hall to a room
filled by so-called crazy women. We were told to sit down, and some of
the patients kindly made room for us. They looked at us curiously, and
one came up to me and asked:

“Who sent you here?”

“The doctors,” I answered.

“What for?” she persisted.

“Well, they say I am insane,” I admitted.

“Insane!” she repeated, incredulously. “It cannot be seen in your face.”

This woman was too clever, I concluded, and was glad to answer the
roughly given orders to follow the nurse to see the doctor. This nurse,
Miss Grupe, by the way, had a nice German face, and if I had not
detected certain hard lines about the mouth I might have expected, as
did my companions, to receive but kindness from her. She left us in a
small waiting-room at the end of the hall, and left us alone while she
went into a small office opening into the sitting or receiving-room.

“I like to go down in the wagon,” she said to the invisible party on the
inside. “It helps to break up the day.” He answered her that the open
air improved her looks, and she again appeared before us all smiles and
simpers.

[Illustration: THE INSANE ASYLUM.]

“Come here, Tillie Mayard,” she said. Miss Mayard obeyed, and, though I
could not see into the office, I could hear her gently but firmly
pleading her case. All her remarks were as rational as any I ever heard,
and I thought no good physician could help but be impressed with her
story. She told of her recent illness, that she was suffering from
nervous debility. She begged that they try all their tests for insanity,
if they had any, and give her justice. Poor girl, how my heart ached for
her! I determined then and there that I would try by every means to make
my mission of benefit to my suffering sisters; that I would show how
they are committed without ample trial. Without one word of sympathy or
encouragement she was brought back to where we sat.

Mrs. Louise Schanz was taken into the presence of Dr. Kinier, the
medical man.

“Your name?” he asked, loudly. She answered in German, saying she did
not speak English nor could she understand it. However, when he said
Mrs. Louise Schanz, she said “Yah, yah.” Then he tried other questions,
and when he found she could not understand one word of English, he said
to Miss Grupe:

“You are German; speak to her for me.”

Miss Grupe proved to be one of those people who are ashamed of their
nationality, and she refused, saying she could understand but few words
of her mother tongue.

“You know you speak German. Ask this woman what her husband does,” and
they both laughed as if they were enjoying a joke.

“I can’t speak but a few words,” she protested, but at last she managed
to ascertain the occupation of Mr. Schanz.

“Now, what was the use of lying to me?” asked the doctor, with a laugh
which dispelled the rudeness.

“I can’t speak any more,” she said, and she did not.

Thus was Mrs. Louise Schanz consigned to the asylum without a chance of
making herself understood. Can such carelessness be excused, I wonder,
when it is so easy to get an interpreter? If the confinement was but for
a few days one might question the necessity. But here was a woman taken
without her own consent from a free world to an asylum and there given
no chance to prove her sanity. Confined most probably for life behind
asylum bars, without even being told in her language the why and
wherefore. Compare this with a criminal, who is given every chance to
prove his innocence. Who would not rather be a murderer and take the
chance for life than be declared insane, without hope of escape? Mrs.
Schanz begged in German to know where she was, and pleaded for liberty.
Her voice broken by sobs, she was led unheard out to us.

[Illustration: THE FRONT HALLWAY.]

Mrs. Fox was then put through this weak, trifling examination and
brought from the office, convicted. Miss Annie Neville took her turn,
and I was again left to the last. I had by this time determined to act
as I do when free, except that I would refuse to tell who I was or where
my home was.




                              CHAPTER IX.
                         AN EXPERT(?) AT WORK.


“Nellie Brown, the doctor wants you,” said Miss Grupe. I went in and was
told to sit down opposite Dr. Kinier at the desk.

“What is your name?” he asked, without looking up.

“Nellie Brown,” I replied, easily.

“Where is your home?” writing what I had said down in a large book.

“In Cuba.”

“Oh!” he ejaculated, with sudden understanding—then, addressing the
nurse:

“Did you see anything in the papers about her?”

“Yes,” she replied, “I saw a long account of this girl in the _Sun_ on
Sunday.” Then the doctor said:

“Keep her here until I go to the office and see the notice again.”

He left us, and I was relieved of my hat and shawl. On his return, he
said he had been unable to find the paper, but he related the story of
my _debut_, as he had read it, to the nurse.

“What’s the color of her eyes?”

Miss Grupe looked, and answered “gray,” although everybody had always
said my eyes were brown or hazel.

“What’s your age?” he asked; and as I answered, “Nineteen last May,” he
turned to the nurse, and said, “When do you get your next pass?” This I
ascertained was a leave of absence, or “a day off.”

“Next Saturday,” she said, with a laugh.

“You will go to town?” and they both laughed as she answered in the
affirmative, and he said:

“Measure her.” I was stood under a measure, and it was brought down
tightly on my head.

“What is it?” asked the doctor.

“Now you know I can’t tell,” she said.

“Yes, you can; go ahead. What height?”

“I don’t know; there are some figures there, but I can’t tell.”

“Yes, you can. Now look and tell me.”

“I can’t; do it yourself,” and they laughed again as the doctor left his
place at the desk and came forward to see for himself.

“Five feet five inches; don’t you see?” he said, taking her hand and
touching the figures.

By her voice I knew she did not understand yet, but that was no concern
of mine, as the doctor seemed to find a pleasure in aiding her. Then I
was put on the scales, and she worked around until she got them to
balance.

“How much?” asked the doctor, having resumed his position at the desk.

“I don’t know. You will have to see for yourself,” she replied, calling
him by his Christian name, which I have forgotten. He turned and also
addressing her by her baptismal name, he said:

“You are getting too fresh!” and they both laughed. I then told the
weight—112 pounds—to the nurse, and she in turn told the doctor.

“What time are you going to supper?” he asked, and she told him. He gave
the nurse more attention than he did me, and asked her six questions to
every one of me. Then he wrote my fate in the book before him. I said,
“I am not sick and I do not want to stay here. No one has a right to
shut me up in this manner.” He took no notice of my remarks, and having
completed his writings, as well as his talk with the nurse for the
moment, he said that would do, and with my companions, I went back to
the sitting-room.

“You play the piano?” they asked.

“Oh, yes; ever since I was a child,” I replied.

Then they insisted that I should play, and they seated me on a wooden
chair before an old-fashioned square. I struck a few notes, and the
untuned response sent a grinding chill through me.

“How horrible,” I exclaimed, turning to a nurse, Miss McCarten, who
stood at my side. “I never touched a piano as much out of tune.”

“It’s a pity of you,” she said, spitefully; “we’ll have to get one made
to order for you.”

I began to play the variations of “Home Sweet Home.” The talking ceased
and every patient sat silent, while my cold fingers moved slowly and
stiffly over the keyboard. I finished in an aimless fashion and refused
all requests to play more. Not seeing an available place to sit, I still
occupied the chair in the front of the piano while I “sized up” my
surroundings.

It was a long, bare room, with bare yellow benches encircling it. These
benches, which were perfectly straight, and just as uncomfortable, would
hold five people, although in almost every instance six were crowded on
them. Barred windows, built about five feet from the floor, faced the
two double doors which led into the hall. The bare white walls were
somewhat relieved by three lithographs, one of Fritz Emmet and the
others of negro minstrels. In the center of the room was a large table
covered with a white bed-spread, and around it sat the nurses.
Everything was spotlessly clean and I thought what good workers the
nurses must be to keep such order. In a few days after how I laughed at
my own stupidity to think the nurses would work. When they found I would
not play any more, Miss McCarten came up to me saying, roughly:

“Get away from here,” and closed the piano with a bang.

“Brown, come here,” was the next order I got from a rough, red-faced
woman at the table. “What have you on?”

“My clothing,” I replied.

She lifted my dress and skirts and wrote down one pair shoes, one pair
stockings, one cloth dress, one straw sailor hat, and so on.




                               CHAPTER X.
                            MY FIRST SUPPER.


This examination over, we heard some one yell, “Go out into the hall.”
One of the patients kindly explained that this was an invitation to
supper. We late comers tried to keep together, so we entered the hall
and stood at the door where all the women had crowded. How we shivered
as we stood there! The windows were open and the draught went whizzing
through the hall. The patients looked blue with cold, and the minutes
stretched into a quarter of an hour. At last one of the nurses went
forward and unlocked a door, through which we all crowded to a landing
of the stairway. Here again came a long halt directly before an open
window.

“How very imprudent for the attendants to keep these thinly clad women
standing here in the cold,” said Miss Neville.

I looked at the poor crazy captives shivering, and added, emphatically,
“It’s horribly brutal.” While they stood there I thought I would not
relish supper that night. They looked so lost and hopeless. Some were
chattering nonsense to invisible persons, others were laughing or crying
aimlessly, and one old, gray-haired woman was nudging me, and, with
winks and sage noddings of the head and pitiful uplifting of the eyes
and hands, was assuring me that I must not mind the poor creatures, as
they were all mad. “Stop at the heater,” was then ordered, “and get in
line, two by two.” “Mary, get a companion.” “How many times must I tell
you to keep in line?” “Stand still,” and, as the orders were issued, a
shove and a push were administered, and often a slap on the ears. After
this third and final halt, we were marched into a long, narrow
dining-room, where a rush was made for the table.

The table reached the length of the room and was uncovered and
uninviting. Long benches without backs were put for the patients to sit
on, and over these they had to crawl in order to face the table. Placed
close together all along the table were large dressing-bowls filled with
a pinkish-looking stuff which the patients called tea. By each bowl was
laid a piece of bread, cut thick and buttered. A small saucer containing
five prunes accompanied the bread. One fat woman made a rush, and
jerking up several saucers from those around her emptied their contents
into her own saucer. Then while holding to her own bowl she lifted up
another and drained its contents at one gulp. This she did to a second
bowl in shorter time than it takes to tell it. Indeed, I was so amused
at her successful grabbings that when I looked at my own share the woman
opposite, without so much as by your leave, grabbed my bread and left me
without any.

Another patient, seeing this, kindly offered me hers, but I declined
with thanks and turned to the nurse and asked for more. As she flung a
thick piece down on the table she made some remark about the fact that
if I forgot where my home was I had not forgotten how to eat. I tried
the bread, but the butter was so horrible that one could not eat it. A
blue-eyed German girl on the opposite side of the table told me I could
have bread unbuttered if I wished, and that very few were able to eat
the butter. I turned my attention to the prunes and found that very few
of them would be sufficient. A patient near asked me to give them to
her. I did so. My bowl of tea was all that was left. I tasted, and one
taste was enough. It had no sugar, and it tasted as if it had been made
in copper. It was as weak as water. This was also transferred to a
hungrier patient, in spite of the protest of Miss Neville.

“You must force the food down,” she said, “else you will be sick, and
who knows but what, with these surroundings, you may go crazy. To have a
good brain the stomach must be cared for.”

“It is impossible for me to eat that stuff,” I replied, and, despite all
her urging, I ate nothing that night.

It did not require much time for the patients to consume all that was
eatable on the table, and then we got our orders to form in line in the
hall. When this was done the doors before us were unlocked and we were
ordered to proceed back to the sitting-room. Many of the patients
crowded near us, and I was again urged to play, both by them and by the
nurses. To please the patients I promised to play and Miss Tillie Mayard
was to sing. The first thing she asked me to play was “Rock-a-bye Baby,”
and I did so. She sang it beautifully.




                              CHAPTER XI.
                              IN THE BATH.


A few more songs and we were told to go with Miss Grupe. We were taken
into a cold, wet bathroom, and I was ordered to undress. Did I protest?
Well, I never grew so earnest in my life as when I tried to beg off.
They said if I did not they would use force and that it would not be
very gentle. At this I noticed one of the craziest women in the ward
standing by the filled bathtub with a large, discolored rag in her
hands. She was chattering away to herself and chuckling in a manner
which seemed to me fiendish. I knew now what was to be done with me. I
shivered. They began to undress me, and one by one they pulled off my
clothes. At last everything was gone excepting one garment. “I will not
remove it,” I said vehemently, but they took it off. I gave one glance
at the group of patients gathered at the door watching the scene, and I
jumped into the bathtub with more energy than grace.

[Illustration: THE RECEPTION-ROOM.]

The water was ice-cold, and I again began to protest. How useless it all
was! I begged, at least, that the patients be made to go away, but was
ordered to shut up. The crazy woman began to scrub me. I can find no
other word that will express it but scrubbing. From a small tin pan she
took some soft soap and rubbed it all over me, even all over my face and
my pretty hair. I was at last past seeing or speaking, although I had
begged that my hair be left untouched. Rub, rub, rub, went the old
woman, chattering to herself. My teeth chattered and my limbs were
goose-fleshed and blue with cold. Suddenly I got, one after the other,
three buckets of water over my head—ice-cold water, too—into my eyes, my
ears, my nose and my mouth. I think I experienced some of the sensations
of a drowning person as they dragged me, gasping, shivering and quaking,
from the tub. For once I did look insane. I caught a glance of the
indescribable look on the faces of my companions, who had witnessed my
fate and knew theirs was surely following. Unable to control myself at
the absurd picture I presented, I burst into roars of laughter. They put
me, dripping wet, into a short canton flannel slip, labeled across the
extreme end in large black letters, “Lunatic Asylum, B. I., H. 6.” The
letters meant Blackwell’s Island, Hall 6.

By this time Miss Mayard had been undressed, and, much as I hated my
recent bath, I would have taken another if by it I could have saved her
the experience. Imagine plunging that sick girl into a cold bath when it
made me, who has never been ill, shake as if with ague. I heard her
explain to Miss Grupe that her head was still sore from her illness. Her
hair was short and had mostly come out, and she asked that the crazy
woman be made to rub more gently, but Miss Grupe said:

“There isn’t much fear of hurting you. Shut up, or you’ll get it worse.”
Miss Mayard did shut up, and that was my last look at her for the night.

I was hurried into a room where there were six beds, and had been put
into bed when some one came along and jerked me out again, saying:

“Nellie Brown has to be put in a room alone to-night, for I suppose
she’s noisy.”

I was taken to room 28 and left to try and make an impression on the
bed. It was an impossible task. The bed had been made high in the center
and sloping on either side. At the first touch my head flooded the
pillow with water, and my wet slip transferred some of its dampness to
the sheet. When Miss Grupe came in I asked if I could not have a
night-gown.

“We have no such things in this institution,” she said.

“I do not like to sleep without,” I replied.

“Well, I don’t care about that,” she said. “You are in a public
institution now, and you can’t expect to get anything. This is charity,
and you should be thankful for what you get.”

“But the city pays to keep these places up,” I urged, “and pays people
to be kind to the unfortunates brought here.”

“Well, you don’t need to expect any kindness here, for you won’t get
it,” she said, and she went out and closed the door.

[Illustration: HER BEDROOM.]

A sheet and an oilcloth were under me, and a sheet and black wool
blanket above. I never felt anything so annoying as that wool blanket as
I tried to keep it around my shoulders to stop the chills from getting
underneath. When I pulled it up I left my feet bare, and when I pulled
it down my shoulders were exposed. There was absolutely nothing in the
room but the bed and myself. As the door had been locked I imagined I
should be left alone for the night, but I heard the sound of the heavy
tread of two women down the hall. They stopped at every door, unlocked
it, and in a few moments I could hear them relock it. This they did
without the least attempt at quietness down the whole length of the
opposite side of the hall and up to my room. Here they paused. The key
was inserted in the lock and turned. I watched those about to enter. In
they came, dressed in brown and white striped dresses, fastened by brass
buttons, large, white aprons, a heavy green cord about the waist, from
which dangled a bunch of large keys, and small, white caps on their
heads. Being dressed as were the attendants of the day, I knew they were
nurses. The first one carried a lantern, and she flashed its light into
my face while she said to her assistant:

“This is Nellie Brown.” Looking at her, I asked:

“Who are you?”

“The night nurse, my dear,” she replied, and, wishing that I would sleep
well, she went out and locked the door after her. Several times during
the night they came into my room, and even had I been able to sleep, the
unlocking of the heavy door, their loud talking, and heavy tread, would
have awakened me.

I could not sleep, so I lay in bed picturing to myself the horrors in
case a fire should break out in the asylum. Every door is locked
separately and the windows are heavily barred, so that escape is
impossible. In the one building alone there are, I think Dr. Ingram told
me, some three hundred women. They are locked, one to ten to a room. It
is impossible to get out unless these doors are unlocked. A fire is not
improbable, but one of the most likely occurrences. Should the building
burn, the jailers or nurses would never think of releasing their crazy
patients. This I can prove to you later when I come to tell of their
cruel treatment of the poor things intrusted to their care. As I say, in
case of fire, not a dozen women could escape. All would be left to roast
to death. Even if the nurses were kind, which they are not, it would
require more presence of mind than women of their class possess to risk
the flames and their own lives while they unlocked the hundred doors for
the insane prisoners. Unless there is a change there will some day be a
tale of horror never equaled.

In this connection is an amusing incident which happened just previous
to my release. I was talking with Dr. Ingram about many things, and at
last told him what I thought would be the result of a fire.

“The nurses are expected to open the doors,” he said.

“But you know positively that they would not wait to do that,” I said,
“and these women would burn to death.”

He sat silent, unable to contradict my assertion.

“Why don’t you have it changed?” I asked.

“What can I do?” he replied. “I offer suggestions until my brain is
tired, but what good does it do? What would you do?” he asked, turning
to me, the proclaimed insane girl.

“Well, I should insist on them having locks put in, as I have seen in
some places, that by turning a crank at the end of the hall you can lock
or unlock every door on the one side. Then there would be some chance of
escape. Now, every door being locked separately, there is absolutely
none.”

Dr. Ingram turned to me with an anxious look on his kind face as he
asked, slowly:

“Nellie Brown, what institution have you been an inmate of before you
came here?”

“None. I never was confined in any institution, except boarding-school,
in my life.”

“Where then did you see the locks you have described?”

I had seen them in the new Western Penitentiary at Pittsburg, Pa., but I
did not dare say so. I merely answered:

“Oh, I have seen them in a place I was in—I mean as a visitor.”

“There is only one place I know of where they have those locks,” he
said, sadly, “and that is at Sing Sing.”

The inference is conclusive. I laughed very heartily over the implied
accusation, and tried to assure him that I had never, up to date, been
an inmate of Sing Sing or even ever visited it.

Just as the morning began to dawn I went to sleep. It did not seem many
moments until I was rudely awakened and told to get up, the window being
opened and the clothing pulled off me. My hair was still wet and I had
pains all through me, as if I had the rheumatism. Some clothing was
flung on the floor and I was told to put it on. I asked for my own, but
was told to take what I got and keep quiet by the apparently head nurse,
Miss Grady. I looked at it. One underskirt made of coarse dark cotton
goods and a cheap white calico dress with a black spot in it. I tied the
strings of the skirt around me and put on the little dress. It was made,
as are all those worn by the patients, into a straight tight waist sewed
on to a straight skirt. As I buttoned the waist I noticed the underskirt
was about six inches longer than the upper, and for a moment I sat down
on the bed and laughed at my own appearance. No woman ever longed for a
mirror more than I did at that moment.

I saw the other patients hurrying past in the hall, so I decided not to
lose anything that might be going on. We numbered forty-five patients in
Hall 6, and were sent to the bathroom, where there were two coarse
towels. I watched crazy patients who had the most dangerous eruptions
all over their faces dry on the towels and then saw women with clean
skins turn to use them. I went to the bathtub and washed my face at the
running faucet and my underskirt did duty for a towel.

Before I had completed my ablutions a bench was brought into the
bathroom. Miss Grupe and Miss McCarten came in with combs in their
hands. We were told to sit down on the bench, and the hair of forty-five
women was combed with one patient, two nurses, and six combs. As I saw
some of the sore heads combed I thought this was another dose I had not
bargained for. Miss Tillie Mayard had her own comb, but it was taken
from her by Miss Grady. Oh, that combing! I never realized before what
the expression “I’ll give you a combing” meant, but I knew then. My
hair, all matted and wet from the night previous, was pulled and jerked,
and, after expostulating to no avail, I set my teeth and endured the
pain. They refused to give me my hairpins, and my hair was arranged in
one plait and tied with a red cotton rag. My curly bangs refused to stay
back, so that at least was left of my former glory.

After this we went to the sitting-room and I looked for my companions.
At first I looked vainly, unable to distinguish them from the other
patients, but after awhile I recognized Miss Mayard by her short hair.

“How did you sleep after your cold bath?”

“I almost froze, and then the noise kept me awake. It’s dreadful! My
nerves were so unstrung before I came here, and I fear I shall not be
able to stand the strain.”

I did the best I could to cheer her. I asked that we be given additional
clothing, at least as much as custom says women shall wear, but they
told me to shut up; that we had as much as they intended to give us.

We were compelled to get up at 5.30 o’clock, and at 7.15 we were told to
collect in the hall, where the experience of waiting, as on the evening
previous, was repeated. When we got into the dining-room at last we
found a bowl of cold tea, a slice of buttered bread and a saucer of
oatmeal, with molasses on it, for each patient. I was hungry, but the
food would not down. I asked for unbuttered bread and was given it. I
cannot tell you of anything which is the same dirty, black color. It was
hard, and in places nothing more than dried dough. I found a spider in
my slice, so I did not eat it. I tried the oatmeal and molasses, but it
was wretched, and so I endeavored, but without much show of success, to
choke down the tea.

After we were back to the sitting-room a number of women were ordered to
make the beds, and some of the patients were put to scrubbing and others
given different duties which covered all the work in the hall. It is not
the attendants who keep the institution so nice for the poor patients,
as I had always thought, but the patients, who do it all themselves—even
to cleaning the nurses’ bedrooms and caring for their clothing.

About 9.30 the new patients, of which I was one, were told to go out to
see the doctor. I was taken in and my lungs and my heart were examined
by the flirty young doctor who was the first to see us the day we
entered. The one who made out the report, if I mistake not, was the
assistant superintendent, Ingram. A few questions and I was allowed to
return to the sitting-room.

I came in and saw Miss Grady with my notebook and long lead pencil,
bought just for the occasion.

“I want my book and pencil,” I said, quite truthfully. “It helps me
remember things.”

I was very anxious to get it to make notes in and was disappointed when
she said:

“You can’t have it, so shut up.”

Some days after I asked Dr. Ingram if I could have it, and he promised
to consider the matter. When I again referred to it, he said that Miss
Grady said I only brought a book there; that I had no pencil. I was
provoked, and insisted that I had, whereupon I was advised to fight
against the imaginations of my brain.

After the housework was completed by the patients, and as the day was
fine, but cold, we were told to go out in the hall and get on shawls and
hats for a walk. Poor patients! How eager they were for a breath of air;
how eager for a slight release from their prison. They went swiftly into
the hall and there was a skirmish for hats. Such hats!

[Illustration: AN INSANE HALL.]




                              CHAPTER XII.
                       PROMENADING WITH LUNATICS.


I shall never forget my first walk. When all the patients had donned the
white straw hats, such as bathers wear at Coney Island, I could not but
laugh at their comical appearances. I could not distinguish one woman
from another. I lost Miss Neville, and had to take my hat off and search
for her. When we met we put our hats on and laughed at one another. Two
by two we formed in line, and guarded by the attendants we went out a
back way on to the walks.

We had not gone many paces when I saw, proceeding from every walk, long
lines of women guarded by nurses. How many there were! Every way I
looked I could see them in the queer dresses, comical straw hats and
shawls, marching slowly around. I eagerly watched the passing lines and
a thrill of horror crept over me at the sight. Vacant eyes and
meaningless faces, and their tongues uttered meaningless nonsense. One
crowd passed and I noted, by nose as well as eyes, that they were
fearfully dirty.

“Who are they?” I asked of a patient near me.

“They are considered the most violent on the island,” she replied. “They
are from the Lodge, the first building with the high steps.” Some were
yelling, some were cursing, others were singing or praying or preaching,
as the fancy struck them, and they made up the most miserable collection
of humanity I had ever seen. As the din of their passing faded in the
distance there came another sight I can never forget:

A long cable rope fastened to wide leather belts, and these belts locked
around the waists of fifty-two women. At the end of the rope was a heavy
iron cart, and in it two women—one nursing a sore foot, another
screaming at some nurse, saying: “You beat me and I shall not forget it.
You want to kill me,” and then she would sob and cry. The women “on the
rope,” as the patients call it, were each busy on their individual
freaks. Some were yelling all the while. One who had blue eyes saw me
look at her, and she turned as far as she could, talking and smiling,
with that terrible, horrifying look of absolute insanity stamped on her.
The doctors might safely judge on her case. The horror of that sight to
one who had never been near an insane person before, was something
unspeakable.

“God help them!” breathed Miss Neville, “It is so dreadful I cannot
look.”

On they passed, but for their places to be filled by more. Can you
imagine the sight? According to one of the physicians there are 1600
insane women on Blackwell’s Island.

Mad! What can be half so horrible? My heart thrilled with pity when I
looked on old, gray-haired women talking aimlessly to space. One woman
had on a straight-jacket, and two women had to drag her along. Crippled,
blind, old, young, homely, and pretty; one senseless mass of humanity.
No fate could be worse.

I looked at the pretty lawns, which I had once thought was such a
comfort to the poor creatures confined on the Island, and laughed at my
own notions. What enjoyment is it to them? They are not allowed on the
grass—it is only to look at. I saw some patients eagerly and caressingly
lift a nut or a colored leaf that had fallen on the path. But they were
not permitted to keep them. The nurses would always compel them to throw
their little bit of God’s comfort away.

[Illustration: QUIET INMATES OUT FOR A WALK.]

As I passed a low pavilion, where a crowd of helpless lunatics were
confined, I read a motto on the wall, “While I live I hope.” The
absurdity of it struck me forcibly. I would have liked to put above the
gates that open to the asylum, “He who enters here leaveth hope behind.”

During the walk I was annoyed a great deal by nurses who had heard my
romantic story calling to those in charge of us to ask which one I was.
I was pointed out repeatedly.

It was not long until the dinner hour arrived, and I was so hungry that
I felt I could eat anything. The same old story of standing for a half
and three-quarters of an hour in the hall was repeated before we got
down to our dinners. The bowls in which we had had our tea were now
filled with soup, and on a plate was one cold boiled potato and a chunk
of beef, which, on investigation, proved to be slightly spoiled. There
were no knives or forks, and the patients looked fairly savage as they
took the tough beef in their fingers and pulled in opposition to their
teeth. Those toothless or with poor teeth could not eat it. One
tablespoon was given for the soup, and a piece of bread was the final
entree. Butter is never allowed at dinner nor coffee or tea. Miss Mayard
could not eat, and I saw many of the sick ones turn away in disgust. I
was getting very weak from the want of food and tried to eat a slice of
bread. After the first few bites hunger asserted itself, and I was able
to eat all but the crusts of the one slice.

Superintendent Dent went through the sitting-room, giving an occasional
“How do you do?” “How are you to-day?” here and there among the
patients. His voice was as cold as the hall, and the patients made no
movement to tell him of their sufferings. I asked some of them to tell
how they were suffering from the cold and insufficiency of clothing, but
they replied that the nurse would beat them if they told.

I was never so tired as I grew sitting on those benches. Several of the
patients would sit on one foot or sideways to make a change, but they
were always reproved and told to sit up straight. If they talked they
were scolded and told to shut up; if they wanted to walk around in order
to take the stiffness out of them, they were told to sit down and be
still. What, excepting torture, would produce insanity quicker than this
treatment? Here is a class of women sent to be cured. I would like the
expert physicians who are condemning me for my action, which has proven
their ability, to take a perfectly sane and healthy woman, shut her up
and make her sit from 6 A. M. until 8 P. M. on straight-back benches, do
not allow her to talk or move during these hours, give her no reading
and let her know nothing of the world or its doings, give her bad food
and harsh treatment, and see how long it will take to make her insane.
Two months would make her a mental and physical wreck.

I have described my first day in the asylum, and as my other nine were
exactly the same in the general run of things it would be tiresome to
tell about each. In giving this story I expect to be contradicted by
many who are exposed. I merely tell in common words, without
exaggeration, of my life in a mad-house for ten days. The eating was one
of the most horrible things. Excepting the first two days after I
entered the asylum, there was no salt for the food. The hungry and even
famishing women made an attempt to eat the horrible messes. Mustard and
vinegar were put on meat and in soup to give it a taste, but it only
helped to make it worse. Even that was all consumed after two days, and
the patients had to try to choke down fresh fish, just boiled in water,
without salt, pepper or butter; mutton, beef and potatoes without the
faintest seasoning. The most insane refused to swallow the food and were
threatened with punishment. In our short walks we passed the kitchen
where food was prepared for the nurses and doctors. There we got
glimpses of melons and grapes and all kinds of fruits, beautiful white
bread and nice meats, and the hungry feeling would be increased tenfold.
I spoke to some of the physicians, but it had no effect, and when I was
taken away the food was yet unsalted.

My heart ached to see the sick patients grow sicker over the table. I
saw Miss Tillie Mayard so suddenly overcome at a bite that she had to
rush from the dining-room and then got a scolding for doing so. When the
patients complained of the food they were told to shut up; that they
would not have as good if they were at home, and that it was too good
for charity patients.

A German girl, Louise—I have forgotten her last name—did not eat for
several days and at last one morning she was missing. From the
conversation of the nurses I found she was suffering from a high fever.
Poor thing! She told me she unceasingly prayed for death. I watched the
nurses make a patient carry such food as the well ones were refusing up
to Louise’s room. Think of that stuff for a fever patient! Of course,
she refused it. Then I saw a nurse, Miss McCarten, go to test her
temperature, and she returned with the report of it being some 150
degrees. I smiled at the report, and Miss Grupe, seeing it, asked me how
high my temperature had ever run. I refused to answer. Miss Grady then
decided to try her ability. She returned with the report of 99 degrees.

Miss Tillie Mayard suffered more than any of us from the cold, and yet
she tried to follow my advice to be cheerful and try to keep up for a
short time. Superintendent Dent brought in a man to see me. He felt my
pulse and my head and examined my tongue. I told them how cold it was,
and assured them that I did not need medical aid, but that Miss Mayard
did, and they should transfer their attentions to her. They did not
answer me, and I was pleased to see Miss Mayard leave her place and come
forward to them. She spoke to the doctors and told them she was ill, but
they paid no attention to her. The nurses came and dragged her back to
the bench, and after the doctors left they said, “After awhile, when you
see that the doctors will not notice you, you will quit running up to
them.” Before the doctors left me I heard one say—I cannot give it in
his exact words—that my pulse and eyes were not that of an insane girl,
but Superintendent Dent assured him that in cases such as mine such
tests failed. After watching me for awhile he said my face was the
brightest he had ever seen for a lunatic. The nurses had on heavy
undergarments and coats, but they refused to give us shawls.

Nearly all night long I listened to a woman cry about the cold and beg
for God to let her die. Another one yelled “Murder!” at frequent
intervals and “Police!” at others until my flesh felt creepy.

The second morning, after we had begun our endless “set” for the day,
two of the nurses, assisted by some patients, brought the woman in who
had begged the night previous for God to take her home. I was not
surprised at her prayer. She appeared easily seventy years old, and she
was blind. Although the halls were freezing-cold, that old woman had no
more clothing on than the rest of us, which I have described. When she
was brought into the sitting-room and placed on the hard bench, she
cried:

“Oh, what are you doing with me? I am cold, so cold. Why can’t I stay in
bed or have a shawl?” and then she would get up and endeavor to feel her
way to leave the room. Sometimes the attendants would jerk her back to
the bench, and again they would let her walk and heartlessly laugh when
she bumped against the table or the edge of the benches. At one time she
said the heavy shoes which charity provides hurt her feet, and she took
them off. The nurses made two patients put them on her again, and when
she did it several times, and fought against having them on, I counted
seven people at her at once trying to put the shoes on her. The old
woman then tried to lie down on the bench, but they pulled her up again.
It sounded so pitiful to hear her cry:

“Oh, give me a pillow and pull the covers over me, I am so cold.”

At this I saw Miss Grupe sit down on her and run her cold hands over the
old woman’s face and down inside the neck of her dress. At the old
woman’s cries she laughed savagely, as did the other nurses, and
repeated her cruel action. That day the old woman was carried away to
another ward.




                             CHAPTER XIII.
                     CHOKING AND BEATING PATIENTS.


Miss Tillie Mayard suffered greatly from cold. One morning she sat on
the bench next to me and was livid with the cold. Her limbs shook and
her teeth chattered. I spoke to the three attendants who sat with coats
on at the table in the center of the floor.

“It is cruel to lock people up and then freeze them,” I said. They
replied she had on as much as any of the rest, and she would get no
more. Just then Miss Mayard took a fit and every patient looked
frightened. Miss Neville caught her in her arms and held her, although
the nurses roughly said:

“Let her fall on the floor and it will teach her a lesson.” Miss Neville
told them what she thought of their actions, and then I got orders to
make my appearance in the office.

Just as I reached there Superintendent Dent came to the door and I told
him how we were suffering from the cold, and of Miss Mayard’s condition.
Doubtless, I spoke incoherently, for I told of the state of the food,
the treatment of the nurses and their refusal to give more clothing, the
condition of Miss Mayard, and the nurses telling us, because the asylum
was a public institution, we could not expect even kindness. Assuring
him that I needed no medical aid, I told him to go to Miss Mayard. He
did so. From Miss Neville and other patients I learned what transpired.
Miss Mayard was still in the fit, and he caught her roughly between the
eyebrows or thereabouts, and pinched until her face was crimson from the
rush of blood to the head, and her senses returned. All day afterward
she suffered from terrible headache, and from that on she grew worse.

Insane? Yes, insane; and as I watched the insanity slowly creep over the
mind that had appeared to be all right I secretly cursed the doctors,
the nurses and all public institutions. Some one may say that she was
insane at some time previous to her consignment to the asylum. Then if
she were, was this the proper place to send a woman just convalescing,
to be given cold baths, deprived of sufficient clothing and fed with
horrible food?

On this morning I had a long conversation with Dr. Ingram, the assistant
superintendent of the asylum. I found that he was kind to the helpless
beings in his charge. I began my old complaint of the cold, and he
called Miss Grady to the office and ordered more clothing given the
patients. Miss Grady said if I made a practice of telling it would be a
serious thing for me, she warned me in time.

Many visitors looking for missing girls came to see me. Miss Grady
yelled in the door from the hall one day:

“Nellie Brown, you’re wanted.”

I went to the sitting-room at the end of the hall, and there sat a
gentleman who had known me intimately for years. I saw by the sudden
blanching of his face and his inability to speak that the sight of me
was wholly unexpected and had shocked him terribly. In an instant I
determined, if he betrayed me as Nellie Bly, to say I had never seen him
before. However, I had one card to play and I risked it. With Miss Grady
within touching distance I whispered hurriedly to him, in language more
expressive than elegant:

“Don’t give me away.”

I knew by the expression of his eye that he understood, so I said to
Miss Grady:

“I do not know this man.”

“Do you know her?” asked Miss Grady.

“No; this is not the young lady I came in search of,” he replied, in a
strained voice.

“If you do not know her you cannot stay here,” she said, and she took
him to the door. All at once a fear struck me that he would think I had
been sent there through some mistake and would tell my friends and make
an effort to have me released. So I waited until Miss Grady had the door
unlocked. I knew that she would have to lock it before she could leave,
and the time required to do so would give me opportunity to speak, so I
called:

“One moment, senor.” He returned to me and I asked aloud:

“Do you speak Spanish, senor?” and then whispered, “It’s all right. I’m
after an item. Keep still.” “No,” he said, with a peculiar emphasis,
which I knew meant that he would keep my secret.

People in the world can never imagine the length of days to those in
asylums. They seemed never ending, and we welcomed any event that might
give us something to think about as well as talk of. There is nothing to
read, and the only bit of talk that never wears out is conjuring up
delicate food that they will get as soon as they get out. Anxiously the
hour was watched for when the boat arrived to see if there were any new
unfortunates to be added to our ranks. When they came and were ushered
into the sitting-room the patients would express sympathy to one another
for them and were anxious to show them little marks of attention. Hall 6
was the receiving hall so that was how we saw all newcomers.

Soon after my advent a girl called Urena Little-Page was brought in. She
was, as she had been born, silly, and her tender spot was, as with many
sensible women, her age. She claimed eighteen, and would grow very angry
if told to the contrary. The nurses were not long in finding this out,
and then they teased her.

“Urena,” said Miss Grady, “the doctors say that you are thirty-three
instead of eighteen,” and the other nurses laughed. They kept up this
until the simple creature began to yell and cry, saying she wanted to go
home and that everybody treated her badly. After they had gotten all the
amusement out of her they wanted and she was crying, they began to scold
and tell her to keep quiet. She grew more hysterical every moment until
they pounced upon her and slapped her face and knocked her head in a
lively fashion. This made the poor creature cry the more, and so they
choked her. Yes, actually choked her. Then they dragged her out to the
closet, and I heard her terrified cries hush into smothered ones. After
several hours’ absence she returned to the sitting-room, and I plainly
saw the marks of their fingers on her throat for the entire day.

This punishment seemed to awaken their desire to administer more. They
returned to the sitting-room and caught hold of an old gray-haired woman
whom I have heard addressed both as Mrs. Grady and Mrs. O’Keefe. She was
insane, and she talked almost continually to herself and to those near
her. She never spoke very loud, and at the time I speak of was sitting
harmlessly chattering to herself. They grabbed her, and my heart ached
as she cried:

“For God sake, ladies, don’t let them beat me.”

“Shut up, you hussy!” said Miss Grady as she caught the woman by her
gray hair and dragged her shrieking and pleading from the room. She was
also taken to the closet, and her cries grew lower and lower, and then
ceased.

The nurses returned to the room and Miss Grady remarked that she had
“settled the old fool for awhile.” I told some of the physicians of the
occurrence, but they did not pay any attention to it.

One of the characters in Hall 6 was Matilda, a little old German woman,
who, I believe, went insane over the loss of money. She was small, and
had a pretty pink complexion. She was not much trouble, except at times.
She would take spells, when she would talk into the steam-heaters or get
up on a chair and talk out of the windows. In these conversations she
railed at the lawyers who had taken her property. The nurses seemed to
find a great deal of amusement in teasing the harmless old soul. One day
I sat beside Miss Grady and Miss Grupe, and heard them tell her
perfectly vile things to call Miss McCarten. After telling her to say
these things they would send her to the other nurse, but Matilda proved
that she, even in her state, had more sense than they.

“I cannot tell you. It is private,” was all she would say. I saw Miss
Grady, on a pretense of whispering to her, spit in her ear. Matilda
quietly wiped her ear and said nothing.




                              CHAPTER XIV.
                       SOME UNFORTUNATE STORIES.


By this time I had made the acquaintance of the greater number of the
forty-five women in hall 6. Let me introduce a few. Louise, the pretty
German girl whom I have spoken of formerly as being sick with fever, had
the delusion that the spirits of her dead parents were with her. “I have
gotten many beatings from Miss Grady and her assistants,” she said, “and
I am unable to eat the horrible food they give us. I ought not to be
compelled to freeze for want of proper clothing. Oh! I pray nightly that
I may be taken to my papa and mamma. One night, when I was confined at
Bellevue, Dr. Field came; I was in bed, and weary of the examination. At
last I said: ‘I am tired of this. I will talk no more.’ ‘Won’t you?’ he
said, angrily. ‘I’ll see if I can’t make you.’ With this he laid his
crutch on the side of the bed, and, getting up on it, he pinched me very
severely in the ribs. I jumped up straight in bed, and said: ‘What do
you mean by this?’ ‘I want to teach you to obey when I speak to you,’ he
replied. If I could only die and go to papa!” When I left she was
confined to bed with a fever, and maybe by this time she has her wish.

There is a Frenchwoman confined in hall 6, or was during my stay, whom I
firmly believe to be perfectly sane. I watched her and talked with her
every day, excepting the last three, and I was unable to find any
delusion or mania in her. Her name is Josephine Despreau, if that is
spelled correctly, and her husband and all her friends are in France.
Josephine feels her position keenly. Her lips tremble, and she breaks
down crying when she talks of her helpless condition. “How did you get
here?” I asked.

“One morning as I was trying to get breakfast I grew deathly sick, and
two officers were called in by the woman of the house, and I was taken
to the station-house. I was unable to understand their proceedings, and
they paid little attention to my story. Doings in this country were new
to me, and before I realized it I was lodged as an insane woman in this
asylum. When I first came I cried that I was here without hope of
release, and for crying Miss Grady and her assistants choked me until
they hurt my throat, for it has been sore ever since.”

A pretty young Hebrew woman spoke so little English I could not get her
story except as told by the nurses. They said her name is Sarah
Fishbaum, and that her husband put her in the asylum because she had a
fondness for other men than himself. Granting that Sarah was insane, and
about men, let me tell you how the nurses tried to cure(?) her. They
would call her up and say:

“Sarah, wouldn’t you like to have a nice young man?”

“Oh, yes; a young man is all right,” Sarah would reply in her few
English words.

“Well, Sarah, wouldn’t you like us to speak a good word to some of the
doctors for you? Wouldn’t you like to have one of the doctors?”

And then they would ask her which doctor she preferred, and advise her
to make advances to him when he visited the hall, and so on.

I had been watching and talking with a fair-complexioned woman for
several days, and I was at a loss to see why she had been sent there,
she was so sane.

“Why did you come here?” I asked her one day, after we had indulged in a
long conversation.

“I was sick,” she replied.

“Are you sick mentally?” I urged.

“Oh, no; what gave you such an idea? I had been overworking myself, and
I broke down. Having some family trouble, and being penniless and
nowhere to go, I applied to the commissioners to be sent to the
poorhouse until I would be able to go to work.”

“But they do not send poor people here unless they are insane,” I said.
“Don’t you know there are only insane women, or those supposed to be so,
sent here?”

“I knew after I got here that the majority of these women were insane,
but then I believed them when they told me this was the place they sent
all the poor who applied for aid as I had done.”

“How have you been treated?” I asked. “Well, so far I have escaped a
beating, although I have been sickened at the sight of many and the
recital of more. When I was brought here they went to give me a bath,
and the very disease for which I needed doctoring and from which I was
suffering made it necessary that I should not bathe. But they put me in,
and my sufferings were increased greatly for weeks thereafter.”

A Mrs. McCartney, whose husband is a tailor, seems perfectly rational
and has not one fancy. Mary Hughes and Mrs. Louise Schanz showed no
obvious traces of insanity.

One day two newcomers were added to our list. The one was an idiot,
Carrie Glass, and the other was a nice-looking German girl—quite young,
she seemed, and when she came in all the patients spoke of her nice
appearance and apparent sanity. Her name was Margaret. She told me she
had been a cook, and was extremely neat. One day, after she had scrubbed
the kitchen floor, the chambermaids came down and deliberately soiled
it. Her temper was aroused and she began to quarrel with them; an
officer was called and she was taken to an asylum.

“How can they say I am insane, merely because I allowed my temper to run
away with me?” she complained. “Other people are not shut up for crazy
when they get angry. I suppose the only thing to do is to keep quiet and
so avoid the beatings which I see others get. No one can say one word
about me. I do everything I am told, and all the work they give me. I am
obedient in every respect, and I do everything to prove to them that I
am sane.”

One day an insane woman was brought in. She was noisy, and Miss Grady
gave her a beating and blacked her eye. When the doctors noticed it and
asked if it was done before she came there the nurses said it was.

While I was in hall 6 I never heard the nurses address the patients
except to scold or yell at them, unless it was to tease them. They spent
much of their time gossiping about the physicians and about the other
nurses in a manner that was not elevating. Miss Grady nearly always
interspersed her conversation with profane language, and generally began
her sentences by calling on the name of the Lord. The names she called
the patients were of the lowest and most profane type. One evening she
quarreled with another nurse while we were at supper about the bread,
and when the nurse had gone out she called her bad names and made ugly
remarks about her.

In the evenings a woman, whom I supposed to be head cook for the
doctors, used to come up and bring raisins, grapes, apples, and crackers
to the nurses. Imagine the feelings of the hungry patients as they sat
and watched the nurses eat what was to them a dream of luxury.

One afternoon, Dr. Dent was talking to a patient, Mrs. Turney, about
some trouble she had had with a nurse or matron. A short time after we
were taken down to supper and this woman who had beaten Mrs. Turney, and
of whom Dr. Dent spoke, was sitting at the door of our dining-room.
Suddenly Mrs. Turney picked up her bowl of tea, and, rushing out of the
door flung it at the woman who had beat her. There was some loud
screaming and Mrs. Turney was returned to her place. The next day she
was transferred to the “rope gang,” which is supposed to be composed of
the most dangerous and most suicidal women on the island.

At first I could not sleep and did not want to so long as I could hear
anything new. The night nurses may have complained of the fact. At any
rate one night they came in and tried to make me take a dose of some
mixture out of a glass “to make me sleep,” they said. I told them I
would do nothing of the sort and they left me, I hoped, for the night.
My hopes were vain, for in a few minutes they returned with a doctor,
the same that received us on our arrival. He insisted that I take it,
but I was determined not to lose my wits even for a few hours. When he
saw I was not to be coaxed he grew rather rough, and said he had wasted
too much time with me already. That if I did not take it he would put it
into my arm with a needle. It occurred to me that if he put it into my
arm I could not get rid of it, but if I swallowed it there was one hope,
so I said I would take it. I smelt it and it smelt like laudanum, and it
was a horrible dose. No sooner had they left the room and locked me in
than I tried to see how far down my throat my finger would go, and the
chloral was allowed to try its effect elsewhere.

I want to say that the night nurse, Burns, in hall 6, seemed very kind
and patient to the poor, afflicted people. The other nurses made several
attempts to talk to me about lovers, and asked me if I would not like to
have one. They did not find me very communicative on the—to them—popular
subject.

Once a week the patients are given a bath, and that is the only time
they see soap. A patient handed me a piece of soap one day about the
size of a thimble. I considered it a great compliment in her wanting to
be kind, but I thought she would appreciate the cheap soap more than I,
so I thanked her but refused to take it. On bathing day the tub is
filled with water, and the patients are washed, one after the other,
without a change of water. This is done until the water is really thick,
and then it is allowed to run out and the tub is refilled without being
washed. The same towels are used on all the women, those with eruptions
as well as those without. The healthy patients fight for a change of
water, but they are compelled to submit to the dictates of the lazy,
tyrannical nurses. The dresses are seldom changed oftener than once a
month. If the patient has a visitor, I have seen the nurses hurry her
out and change her dress before the visitor comes in. This keeps up the
appearance of careful and good management.

The patients who are not able to take care of themselves get into
beastly conditions, and the nurses never look after them, but order some
of the patients to do so.

For five days we were compelled to sit in the room all day. I never put
in such a long time. Every patient was stiff and sore and tired. We
would get in little groups on benches and torture our stomachs by
conjuring up thoughts of what we would eat first when we got out. If I
had not known how hungry they were and the pitiful side of it, the
conversation would have been very amusing. As it was it only made me
sad. When the subject of eating, which seemed to be the favorite one,
was worn out, they used to give their opinions of the institution and
its management. The condemnation of the nurses and the eatables was
unanimous.

As the days passed Miss Tillie Mayard’s condition grew worse. She was
continually cold and unable to eat of the food provided. Day after day
she sang in order to try to maintain her memory, but at last the nurse
made her stop it. I talked with her daily, and I grieved to find her
grow worse so rapidly. At last she got a delusion. She thought that I
was trying to pass myself off for her, and that all the people who
called to see Nellie Brown were friends in search of her, but that I, by
some means, was trying to deceive them into the belief that I was the
girl. I tried to reason with her, but found it impossible, so I kept
away from her as much as possible, lest my presence should make her
worse and feed the fancy.

One of the patients, Mrs. Cotter, a pretty, delicate woman, one day
thought she saw her husband coming up the walk. She left the line in
which she was marching and ran to meet him. For this act she was sent to
the Retreat. She afterward said:

“The remembrance of that is enough to make me mad. For crying the nurses
beat me with a broom-handle and jumped on me, injuring me internally, so
that I shall never get over it. Then they tied my hands and feet, and,
throwing a sheet over my head, twisted it tightly around my throat, so I
could not scream, and thus put me in a bathtub filled with cold water.
They held me under until I gave up every hope and became senseless. At
other times they took hold of my ears and beat my head on the floor and
against the wall. Then they pulled my hair out by the roots, so that it
will never grow in again.”

Mrs. Cotter here showed me proofs of her story, the dent in the back of
her head and the bare spots where the hair had been taken out by the
handful. I give her story as plainly as possible: “My treatment was not
as bad as I have seen others get in there, but it has ruined my health,
and even if I do get out of here I will be a wreck. When my husband
heard of the treatment given me he threatened to expose the place if I
was not removed, so I was brought here. I am well mentally now. All that
old fear has left me, and the doctor has promised to allow my husband to
take me home.”

I made the acquaintance of Bridget McGuinness, who seems to be sane at
the present time. She said she was sent to Retreat 4, and put on the
“rope gang.” “The beatings I got there were something dreadful. I was
pulled around by the hair, held under the water until I strangled, and I
was choked and kicked. The nurses would always keep a quiet patient
stationed at the window to tell them when any of the doctors were
approaching. It was hopeless to complain to the doctors, for they always
said it was the imagination of our diseased brains, and besides we would
get another beating for telling. They would hold patients under the
water and threaten to leave them to die there if they did not promise
not to tell the doctors. We would all promise, because we knew the
doctors would not help us, and we would do anything to escape the
punishment. After breaking a window I was transferred to the Lodge, the
worst place on the island. It is dreadfully dirty in there, and the
stench is awful. In the summer the flies swarm the place. The food is
worse than we get in other wards and we are given only tin plates.
Instead of the bars being on the outside, as in this ward, they are on
the inside. There are many quiet patients there who have been there for
years, but the nurses keep them to do the work. Among other beatings I
got there, the nurses jumped on me once and broke two of my ribs.

“While I was there a pretty young girl was brought in. She had been
sick, and she fought against being put in that dirty place. One night
the nurses took her and, after beating her, they held her naked in a
cold bath, then they threw her on her bed. When morning came the girl
was dead. The doctors said she died of convulsions, and that was all
that was done about it.

“They inject so much morphine and chloral that the patients are made
crazy. I have seen the patients wild for water from the effect of the
drugs, and the nurses would refuse it to them. I have heard women beg
for a whole night for one drop and it was not given them. I myself cried
for water until my mouth was so parched and dry that I could not speak.”

I saw the same thing myself in hall 7. The patients would beg for a
drink before retiring, but the nurses—Miss Hart and the others—refused
to unlock the bathroom that they might quench their thirst.




                              CHAPTER XV.
                       INCIDENTS OF ASYLUM LIFE.


There is little in the wards to help one pass the time. All the asylum
clothing is made by the patients, but sewing does not employ one’s mind.
After several months’ confinement the thoughts of the busy world grow
faint, and all the poor prisoners can do is to sit and ponder over their
hopeless fate. In the upper halls a good view is obtained of the passing
boats and New York. Often I tried to picture to myself as I looked out
between the bars to the lights faintly glimmering in the city, what my
feelings would be if I had no one to obtain my release.

I have watched patients stand and gaze longingly toward the city they in
all likelihood will never enter again. It means liberty and life; it
seems so near, and yet heaven is not further from hell.

Do the women pine for home? Excepting the most violent cases, they are
conscious that they are confined in an asylum. An only desire that never
dies is the one for release, for home.

One poor girl used to tell me every morning, “I dreamed of my mother
last night. I think she may come to-day and take me home.” That one
thought, that longing, is always present, yet she has been confined some
four years.

What a mysterious thing madness is. I have watched patients whose lips
are forever sealed in a perpetual silence. They live, breathe, eat; the
human form is there, but that something, which the body can live
without, but which cannot exist without the body, was missing. I have
wondered if behind those sealed lips there were dreams we ken not of, or
if all was blank?

Still, as sad are those cases when the patients are always conversing
with invisible parties, I have seen them wholly unconscious of their
surroundings and engrossed with an invisible being. Yet, strange to say,
that any command issued to them is always obeyed, in about the same
manner as a dog obeys his master. One of the most pitiful delusions of
any of the patients was that of a blue-eyed Irish girl, who believed she
was forever damned because of one act in her life. Her horrible cry,
morning and night, “I am damned for all eternity!” would strike horror
to my soul. Her agony seemed like a glimpse of the inferno.

After being transferred to hall 7 I was locked in a room every night
with six crazy women. Two of them seemed never to sleep, but spent the
night in raving. One would get out of her bed and creep around the room
searching for some one she wanted to kill. I could not help but think
how easy it would be for her to attack any of the other patients
confined with her. It did not make the night more comfortable.

One middle-aged woman, who used to sit always in the corner of the room,
was very strangely affected. She had a piece of newspaper, and from it
she continually read the most wonderful things I ever heard. I often sat
close by her and listened. History and romance fell equally well from
her lips.

I saw but one letter given a patient while I was there. It awakened a
big interest. Every patient seemed thirsty for a word from the world,
and they crowded around the one who had been so fortunate and asked
hundreds of questions.

Visitors make but little interest and a great deal of mirth. Miss Mattie
Morgan, in hall 7, played for the entertainment of some visitors one
day. They were close about her until one whispered that she was a
patient. “Crazy!” they whispered, audibly, as they fell back and left
her alone. She was amused as well as indignant over the episode. Miss
Mattie, assisted by several girls she has trained, makes the evenings
pass very pleasantly in hall 7. They sing and dance. Often the doctors
come up and dance with the patients.

One day when we went down to dinner we heard a weak little cry in the
basement. Every one seemed to notice it, and it was not long until we
knew there was a baby down there. Yes, a baby. Think of it—a little,
innocent babe born in such a chamber of horrors! I can imagine nothing
more terrible.

A visitor who came one day brought in her arms her babe. A mother who
had been separated from her five little children asked permission to
hold it. When the visitor wanted to leave, the woman’s grief was
uncontrollable, as she begged to keep the babe which she imagined was
her own. It excited more patients than I had ever seen excited before at
one time.

The only amusement, if so it may be called, given the patients outside,
is a ride once a week, if the weather permits, on the “merry-go-round.”
It is a change, and so they accept it with some show of pleasure.

A scrub-brush factory, a mat factory, and the laundry are where the mild
patients work. They get no recompense for it, but they get hungry over
it.




                              CHAPTER XVI.
                           THE LAST GOOD-BYE.


The day Pauline Moser was brought to the asylum we heard the most
horrible screams, and an Irish girl, only partly dressed, came
staggering like a drunken person up the hall, yelling, “Hurrah! Three
cheers! I have killed the divil! Lucifer, Lucifer, Lucifer,” and so on,
over and over again. Then she would pull a handful of hair out, while
she exultingly cried, “How I deceived the divils. They always said God
made hell, but he didn’t.” Pauline helped the girl to make the place
hideous by singing the most horrible songs. After the Irish girl had
been there an hour or so, Dr. Dent came in, and as he walked down the
hall, Miss Grupe whispered to the demented girl, “Here is the devil
coming, go for him.” Surprised that she would give a mad woman such
instructions, I fully expected to see the frenzied creature rush at the
doctor. Luckily she did not, but commenced to repeat her refrain of “Oh,
Lucifer.” After the doctor left, Miss Grupe again tried to excite the
woman by saying the pictured minstrel on the wall was the devil, and the
poor creature began to scream, “You divil, I’ll give it to you,” so that
two nurses had to sit on her to keep her down. The attendants seemed to
find amusement and pleasure in exciting the violent patients to do their
worst.

I always made a point of telling the doctors I was sane and asking to be
released, but the more I endeavored to assure them of my sanity the more
they doubted it.

“What are you doctors here for?” I asked one, whose name I cannot
recall.

“To take care of the patients and test their sanity,” he replied.

“Very well,” I said. “There are sixteen doctors on this island, and,
excepting two, I have never seen them pay any attention to the patients.
How can a doctor judge a woman’s sanity by merely bidding her good
morning and refusing to hear her pleas for release? Even the sick ones
know it is useless to say anything, for the answer will be that it is
their imagination.” “Try every test on me,” I have urged others, “and
tell me am I sane or insane? Try my pulse, my heart, my eyes; ask me to
stretch out my arm, to work my fingers, as Dr. Field did at Bellevue,
and then tell me if I am sane.” They would not heed me, for they thought
I raved.

Again I said to one, “You have no right to keep sane people here. I am
sane, have always been so and I must insist on a thorough examination or
be released. Several of the women here are also sane. Why can’t they be
free?”

“They are insane,” was the reply, “and suffering from delusions.”

After a long talk with Dr. Ingram, he said, “I will transfer you to a
quieter ward.” An hour later Miss Grady called me into the hall, and,
after calling me all the vile and profane names a woman could ever
remember, she told me that it was a lucky thing for my “hide” that I was
transferred, or else she would pay me for remembering so well to tell
Dr. Ingram everything. “You d—n hussy, you forget all about yourself,
but you never forget anything to tell the doctor.” After calling Miss
Neville, whom Dr. Ingram also kindly transferred, Miss Grady took us to
the hall above, No. 7.

[Illustration: INSANE HALL NO. 7.]

In hall 7 there are Mrs. Kroener, Miss Fitzpatrick, Miss Finney, and
Miss Hart. I did not see as cruel treatment as down-stairs, but I heard
them make ugly remarks and threats, twist the fingers and slap the faces
of the unruly patients. The night nurse, Conway I believe her name is,
is very cross. In hall 7, if any of the patients possessed any modesty,
they soon lost it. Every one was compelled to undress in the hall before
their own door, and to fold their clothes and leave them there until
morning. I asked to undress in my room, but Miss Conway told me if she
ever caught me at such a trick she would give me cause not to want to
repeat it.

The first doctor I saw here—Dr. Caldwell—chucked me under the chin, and
as I was tired refusing to tell where my home was, I would only speak to
him in Spanish.

Hall 7 looks rather nice to a casual visitor. It is hung with cheap
pictures and has a piano, which is presided over by Miss Mattie Morgan,
who formerly was in a music store in this city. She has been in the
asylum for three years. Miss Mattie has been training several of the
patients to sing, with some show of success. The artiste of the hall is
Under, pronounced Wanda, a Polish girl. She is a gifted pianist when she
chooses to display her ability. The most difficult music she reads at a
glance, and her touch and expression are perfect.

On Sunday the quieter patients, whose names have been handed in by the
attendants during the week, are allowed to go to church. A small
Catholic chapel is on the island, and other services are also held.

A “commissioner” came one day, and made the rounds with Dr. Dent. In the
basement they found half the nurses gone to dinner, leaving the other
half in charge of us, as was always done. Immediately orders were given
to bring the nurses back to their duties until after the patients had
finished eating. Some of the patients wanted to speak about their having
no salt, but were prevented.

The insane asylum on Blackwell’s Island is a human rat-trap. It is easy
to get in, but once there it is impossible to get out. I had intended to
have myself committed to the violent wards, the Lodge and Retreat, but
when I got the testimony of two sane women and could give it, I decided
not to risk my health—and hair—so I did not get violent.

I had, toward the last, been shut off from all visitors, and so when the
lawyer, Peter A. Hendricks, came and told me that friends of mine were
willing to take charge of me if I would rather be with them than in the
asylum, I was only too glad to give my consent. I asked him to send me
something to eat immediately on his arrival in the city, and then I
waited anxiously for my release.

It came sooner than I had hoped. I was out “in line” taking a walk, and
had just gotten interested in a poor woman who had fainted away while
the nurses were trying to compel her to walk. “Good-bye; I am going
home,” I called to Pauline Moser, as she went past with a woman on
either side of her. Sadly I said farewell to all I knew as I passed them
on my way to freedom and life, while they were left behind to a fate
worse than death. “_Adios_,” I murmured to the Mexican woman. I kissed
my fingers to her, and so I left my companions of hall 7.

I had looked forward so eagerly to leaving the horrible place, yet when
my release came and I knew that God’s sunlight was to be free for me
again, there was a certain pain in leaving. For ten days I had been one
of them. Foolishly enough, it seemed intensely selfish to leave them to
their sufferings. I felt a Quixotic desire to help them by sympathy and
presence. But only for a moment. The bars were down and freedom was
sweeter to me than ever.

Soon I was crossing the river and nearing New York. Once again I was a
free girl after ten days in the mad-house on Blackwell’s Island.




                             CHAPTER XVII.
                     THE GRAND JURY INVESTIGATION.


Soon after I had bidden farewell to the Blackwell’s Island Insane
Asylum, I was summoned to appear before the Grand Jury. I answered the
summons with pleasure, because I longed to help those of God’s most
unfortunate children whom I had left prisoners behind me. If I could not
bring them that boon of all boons, liberty, I hoped at least to
influence others to make life more bearable for them. I found the jurors
to be gentlemen, and that I need not tremble before their twenty-three
august presences.

I swore to the truth of my story, and then I related all—from my start
at the Temporary Home until my release. Assistant District-Attorney
Vernon M. Davis conducted the examination. The jurors then requested
that I should accompany them on a visit to the Island. I was glad to
consent.

No one was expected to know of the contemplated trip to the Island, yet
we had not been there very long before one of the commissioners of
charity and Dr. MacDonald, of Ward’s Island, were with us. One of the
jurors told me that in conversation with a man about the asylum, he
heard that they were notified of our coming an hour before we reached
the Island. This must have been done while the Grand Jury were examining
the insane pavilion at Bellevue.

The trip to the island was vastly different to my first. This time we
went on a clean new boat, while the one I had traveled in, they said,
was laid up for repairs.

Some of the nurses were examined by the jury, and made contradictory
statements to one another, as well as to my story. They confessed that
the jury’s contemplated visit had been talked over between them and the
doctor. Dr. Dent confessed that he had no means by which to tell
positively if the bath was cold and of the number of women put into the
same water. He knew the food was not what it should be, but said it was
due to the lack of funds.

If nurses were cruel to their patients, had he any positive means of
ascertaining it? No, he had not. He said all the doctors were not
competent, which was also due to the lack of means to secure good
medical men. In conversation with me, he said:

“I am glad you did this now, and had I known your purpose, I would have
aided you. We have no means of learning the way things are going except
to do as you did. Since your story was published I found a nurse at the
Retreat who had watches set for our approach, just as you had stated.
She was dismissed.”

Miss Anne Neville was brought down, and I went into the hall to meet
her, knowing that the sight of so many strange gentlemen would excite
her, even if she be sane. It was as I feared. The attendants had told
her she was going to be examined by a crowd of men, and she was shaking
with fear. Although I had left her only two weeks before, yet she looked
as if she had suffered a severe illness, in that time, so changed was
her appearance. I asked her if she had taken any medicine, and she
answered in the affirmative. I then told her that all I wanted her to do
was tell the jury all we had done since I was brought with her to the
asylum, so they would be convinced that I was sane. She only knew me as
Miss Nellie Brown, and was wholly ignorant of my story.

She was not sworn, but her story must have convinced all hearers of the
truth of my statements.

“When Miss Brown and I were brought here the nurses were cruel and the
food was too bad to eat. We did not have enough clothing, and Miss Brown
asked for more all the time. I thought she was very kind, for when a
doctor promised her some clothing she said she would give it to me.
Strange to say, ever since Miss Brown has been taken away everything is
different. The nurses are very kind and we are given plenty to wear. The
doctors come to see us often and the food is greatly improved.”

Did we need more evidence?

The jurors then visited the kitchen. It was very clean, and two barrels
of salt stood conspicuously open near the door! The bread on exhibition
was beautifully white and wholly unlike what was given us to eat.

We found the halls in the finest order. The beds were improved, and in
hall 7 the buckets in which we were compelled to wash had been replaced
by bright new basins.

The institution was on exhibition, and no fault could be found.

But the women I had spoken of, where were they? Not one was to be found
where I had left them. If my assertions were not true in regard to these
patients, why should the latter be changed, so to make me unable to find
them? Miss Neville complained before the jury of being changed several
times. When we visited the hall later she was returned to her old place.

Mary Hughes, of whom I had spoken as appearing sane, was not to be
found. Some relatives had taken her away. Where, they knew not. The fair
woman I spoke of, who had been sent here because she was poor, they said
had been transferred to another island. They denied all knowledge of the
Mexican woman, and said there never had been such a patient. Mrs. Cotter
had been discharged, and Bridget McGuinness and Rebecca Farron had been
transferred to other quarters. The German girl, Margaret, was not to be
found, and Louise had been sent elsewhere from hall 6. The Frenchwoman,
Josephine, a great, healthy woman, they said was dying of paralysis, and
we could not see her. If I was wrong in my judgment of these patients’
sanity, why was all this done? I saw Tillie Mayard, and she had changed
so much for the worse that I shuddered when I looked at her.

I hardly expected the grand jury to sustain me, after they saw
everything different from what it had been while I was there. Yet they
did, and their report to the court advises all the changes made that I
had proposed.

I have one consolation for my work—on the strength of my story the
committee of appropriation provides $1,000,000 more than was ever before
given, for the benefit of the insane.


                               [THE END.]

[Illustration]




                        Miscellaneous Sketches.


                             BY NELLIE BLY.


                        TRYING TO BE A SERVANT.

          _MY STRANGE EXPERIENCE AT TWO EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES_.


None but the initiated know what a great question the servant question
is and how many perplexing sides it has. The mistresses and servants, of
course, fill the leading _roles_. Then, in the lesser, but still
important parts, come the agencies, which despite the many voices
clamoring against them, declare themselves public benefactors. Even the
“funny man” manages to fill a great deal of space with the subject. It
is a serious question, since it affects all one holds dear in life—one’s
dinner, one’s bed, and one’s linen. I had heard so many complaints from
long-suffering mistresses, worked-out servants, agencies, and lawyers,
that I determined to investigate the subject to my own satisfaction.
There was only one way to do it. That was to personate a servant and
apply for a situation. I knew that there might be such a thing as
“references” required, and, as I had never tested my abilities in this
line, I did not know how to furnish them. Still, it would not do to
allow a little thing like a “reference” to stop me in my work, and I
would not ask any friend to commit herself to further my efforts. Many
girls must at one time be without references, I thought, and this
encouraged me to make the risk.

On Monday afternoon a letter came to the _World_ office from a lawyer,
complaining of an agency where, he claimed, a client of his had paid for
a servant, and the agent then refused to produce a girl. This shop I
decided to make my first essay. Dressed to look the character I wanted
to represent, I walked up Fourth Avenue until I found No. 69, the place
I wanted. It was a low frame building which retained all the impressions
of old age. The room on the first floor was filled with a conglomeration
of articles which gave it the appearance of a second-hand store. By a
side door, leaning against the wall, was a large sign which told the
passing public that that was the entrance to the “Germania Servants’
Agency.” On a straight, blue board, fastened lengthwise to a
second-story window, was, in large, encouraging white letters, the
ominous word “Servants.”

I entered the side door, and as there was nothing before me but the
dirty, uncarpeted hall and a narrow, rickety-looking staircase, I went
on to my fate. I passed two closed doors on the first landing, and on
the third I saw the word “Office.” I did not knock, but turned the knob
of the door, and, as it stuck top and bottom, I pressed my shoulder
against it. It gave way, so did I, and I entered on my career as a
servant with a tumble. It was a small room, with a low ceiling, a dusty
ingrain carpet and cheaply papered walls. A heavy railing and a high
desk and counter which divided the room gave it the appearance of a
police court. Around the walls were hung colored advertisements of
steamship lines and maps. Above the mantel, which was decorated with two
plaster-paris busts, was a square sheet of white paper. I viewed the
large black letters on this paper with a quaking heart. “References
Investigated!!” with two exclamation points. Now, if it had only been
put quietly and mildly, or even with one exclamation point, but
two—dreadful. It was a death-warrant to the idea I had of writing my own
references if any were demanded.

[Illustration: IN THE INTELLIGENCE OFFICE.]

A young woman who was standing with a downcast head by the window turned
to look at the abrupt newcomer. A man who had apparently been conversing
with her came hastily forward to the desk. He was a middle-sized man,
with a sharp, gray eye, a bald head, and a black frock-coat buttoned up
tightly, showing to disadvantage his rounded shoulders.

“Well?” he said to me, in a questioning manner, as he glanced quickly
over my “get up.”

“Are you the man who gets places for girls?” I asked, as if there were
but one such man.

“Yes, I’m the man. Do you want a place?” he asked, with a decidedly
German twang.

“Yes, I want a place,” I replied.

“What did you work at last?”

“Oh, I was a chambermaid. Can you get me a position, do you think?”

“Yes, I can do that,” he replied. “You’re a nice-looking girl and I can
soon get you a place. Just the other day I got a girl a place for $20 a
month, just because she was nice-looking. Many gentlemen, and ladies
also, will pay more when girls are nice-looking. Where did you work
last?”

“I worked in Atlantic City,” I replied, with a mental cry for
forgiveness.

“Have you no city reference?”

“No, none whatever; but I want a job in this city, that’s why I came
here.”

“Well, I can get you a position, never fear, only some people are mighty
particular about references.”

“Have you no place you can send me to now?” I said, determined to get at
my business as soon as possible.

“You have to pay to get your name entered on the book first,” he said,
opening a large ledger as he asked, “What is your name?”

“How much do you charge?” I asked, in order to give me time to decide on
a name.

“I charge you one dollar for the use of the bureau for a month, and if I
get you a big salary you will have to pay more.”

“How much more?”

“That depends entirely on your salary,” he answered, non-committal.
“Your name?”

“Now, if I give you a dollar you will assure me a situation?”

“Certainly; that’s what I’m here for.”

“And you guarantee me work in this city?” I urged.

“Oh, certainly, certainly; that’s what this agency is for. I’ll get you
a place, sure enough.”

“All right, I’ll give you a dollar, which is a great deal for a girl out
of work. My name is Sally Lees.”

“What shall I put you down for?” he asked.

[Illustration: OUT OF WORK.]

“Oh, anything,” I replied, with a generosity that surprised myself.

“Then I shall put it chambermaid, waitress, nurse or seamstress.” So my
name, or the one assumed, was entered in the ledger, and as I paid my
dollar I ventured the information that if he gave me a situation
directly I should be pleased to give him more money. He warmed up at
this and told me he should advertise me in the morning.

“Then you have no one in want of help now?”

“We have plenty of people, but not just now. They all come in the
morning. This is too late in the day. Where are you boarding?”

At this moment a woman clad in a blue dress, with a small, black shawl
wrapped around her, entered from a room in the rear. She also looked me
over sharply, as if I was an article for sale, as the man told her in
German all that he knew about me.

“You can stay here,” she said, in broken, badly broken English, after
she had learned that I was friendless in the city. “Where is your
baggage?”

“I left my baggage where I paid for my lodging to-night,” I answered.
They tried to induce me to stop at their house. Only $2.50 a week, with
board, or 20 cents a night for a bed. They urged that it was immaterial
to them, only I had a better chance to secure work if I was always
there; it was only for my own good they suggested it. I had one glance
of the adjoining bedroom, and that sight made me firm in my
determination to sleep elsewhere.

As the evening drew on I felt they would have no more applications for
servants that afternoon, and after asking the hour that I should return
in the morning, I requested a receipt for my money. “You don’t need to
be so particular,” he said, crossly, but I told him I was, and insisted
until he was forced to comply. It was not much of a receipt. He wrote on
the blank side of the agency’s advertising card:

       “Sally Lees has paid $1. Good for one month use of bureau.
                                           69 4th ave.”

On the following morning, about 10:30, I made my appearance at the
agency. Some eight or ten girls were in the room and the man who had
pocketed my fee on the previous afternoon still adorned the throne back
of the desk. No one said good-morning, or anything else for that matter,
so I quietly slid onto a chair near the door. The girls were all
comfortably dressed, and looked as if they had enjoyed hearty
breakfasts. All sat silent, with a dreamy expression on their faces,
except two who stood by the window watching the passing throng and
conversing in whispers with one another. I wanted to be with or near
them, so that I might hear what was said. After waiting for some time I
decided to awake the man to the fact that I wanted work, not a rest.

“Have you no place to send me this morning?”

“No; but I advertised you in the paper,” and he handed me the _Tribune_
of October 25 and pointed out the following notice:

  “NURSE, &c.—By excellent, very neat English girl as nurse and
  seamstress, chambermaid and waitress, or parlor maid. Call at 69 4th
  ave.; no cards answered.”

I choked down a laugh as I read myself advertised in this manner, and
wondered what my _role_ would be the next time. I began to hope some one
would soon call for the excellent girl, but when an aged gentleman
entered I wished just as fervently that he was not after me. I was
enjoying my position too much, and I fear I could not restrain my
gravity if any one began to question me. Poor old gentleman! He looked
around helplessly, as if he was at a loss to know what to do. The agent
did not leave him long in doubt. “You want a girl, sir?”

“Yes; my wife read an advertisement in the _Tribune_ this morning, and
she sent me here to see the girl.”

“Yes, yes, excellent girl, sir, come right back here,” opening the gates
and giving the gentleman a chair behind the high counter. “You come
here, Sally Lees,” indicating a chair beside the visitor for me. I sat
down with an inward chuckle and the agent leaned over the back of a
chair. The visitor eyed me nervously, and after clearing his throat
several times and making vain attempts at a beginning, he said:

“You are the girl who wants work?” And after I answered in the
affirmative, he said: “Of course you know how to do all these things—you
know what is required of a girl?”

“Oh, yes, I know,” I answered confidently.

“Yes—well, how much do you want a month?”

“Oh, anything,” I answered, looking to the agent for aid. He understood
the look, for he began hurriedly:

“Fourteen dollars a month, sir. She is an excellent girl, good, neat,
quick and of an amiable disposition.”

I was astonished at his knowledge of my good qualities, but I maintained
a lofty silence.

“Yes, yes,” the visitor said, musingly. “My wife only pays ten dollars a
month, and then if the girl is all right she is willing to pay more, you
know. I really couldn’t, you know——”

“We have no ten-dollar-girls here, sir,” said the agent with dignity;
“you can’t get an honest, neat, and respectable girl for that amount.”

“H’m, yes; well, this girl has good references, I suppose?”

“Oh, yes; I know all about her,” said the agent, briskly and
confidently. “She is an excellent girl, and I can give you the best
personal reference—the best of references.”

Here I was, unknown to the agent. So far as he knew, I might be a
confidence woman, a thief, or everything wicked, and yet the agent was
vowing that he had good personal references.

“Well, I live in Bloomfield, N. J., and there are only four in the
family. Of course you are a good washer and ironer?” he said, turning to
me. Before I had time to assure him of my wonderful skill in that line
the agent interposed: “This is not the girl you want. No, sir, this girl
won’t do general housework. This is the girl you are after,” bringing up
another. “She does general housework,” and he went on with a long list
of her virtues, which were similar to those he had professed to find in
me. The visitor got very nervous and began to insist that he could not
take a girl unless his wife saw her first. Then the agent, when he found
it impossible to make him take a girl, tried to induce the gentleman to
join the bureau. “It will only cost you $2 for the use of the bureau for
a month,” he urged, but the visitor began to get more nervous and to
make his way to the door. I thought he was frightened because it was an
agency, and it amused me to hear how earnestly he pleaded that really he
dare not employ a girl without his wife’s consent.

After the escape of the visitor we all resumed our former positions and
waited for another visitor. It came in the shape of a red-haired Irish
girl.

“Well, you are back again?” was the greeting given her.

“Yes. That woman was horrible. She and her husband fought all the time,
and the cook carried tales to the mistress. Sure and I wouldn’t live at
such a place. A splendid laundress, with a good ‘karacter,’ don’t need
to stay in such places, I told them. The lady of the house made me wash
every other day; then she wanted me to be dressed like a lady, sure, and
wear a cap while I was at work. Sure and it’s no good laundress who can
be dressed up while at work, so I left her.”

The storm had scarcely passed when another girl with fiery locks
entered. She had a good face and a bright one, and I watched her
closely.

“So you are back, too. You are troublesome,” said the agent. Her eyes
flashed as she replied:

“Oh, I’m troublesome, am I? Well, you can take a poor girl’s money,
anyway, and then you tell her she’s troublesome. It wasn’t troublesome
when you took my money; and where is the position? I have walked all
over the city, wearing out my shoes and spending my money in car-fare.
Now, is this how you treat poor girls?”

“I did not mean anything by saying you were troublesome. That was only
my fun,” the agent tried to explain; and after awhile the girl quieted
down.

Another girl came and was told that as she had not made her appearance
the day previous she could not expect to obtain a situation. He refused
to send her word if there was any chance. Then a messenger boy called
and said that Mrs. Vanderpool, of No. 36 West Thirty-ninth Street,
wanted the girl advertised in the morning paper. Irish girl No. 1 was
sent, and she returned, after several hours’ absence, to say that Mrs.
Vanderpool said, when she learned where the girl came from, that she
knew all about agencies and their schemes, and she did not propose to
have a girl from them. The girl buttoned Mrs. Vanderpool’s shoes, and
returned to the agency to take her post of waiting.

I succeeded at last in drawing one of the girls, Winifred Friel, into
conversation. She said she had been waiting for several days, and that
she had no chance of a place yet. The agency had a place out of town to
which they tried to force girls who declared they would not leave the
city. Quite strange they never offered the place to girls who said they
would work anywhere. Winifred Friel wanted it, but they would not allow
her to go, yet they tried to insist on me accepting it.

“Well, now, if you won’t take that I would like to see you get a place
this winter,” he said, angrily, when he found that I would not go out of
the city.

“Why, you promised that you would find me a situation in the city.”

“That’s no difference; if you won’t take what I offer you can do
without,” he said, indifferently.

“Then give me my money,” I said.

“No, you can’t have your money. That goes into the bureau.” I urged and
insisted, to no avail, and so I left the agency, to return no more.

My second day I decided to apply to another agency, so I went to Mrs. L.
Seely’s, No. 68 Twenty-second Street. I paid my dollar fee and was taken
to the third story and put in a small room which was packed as close
with women as sardines in a box. After edging my way in I was unable to
move, so packed were we. A woman came up, and, calling me “that tall
girl,” told me roughly as I was new it was useless for me to wait there.
Some of the girls said Mrs. Seely was always cross to them, and that I
should not mind it. How horribly stifling those rooms were! There were
fifty-two in the room with me, and the two other rooms I could look into
were equally crowded, while groups stood on the stairs and in the
hallway. It was a novel insight I got of life. Some girls laughed, some
were sad, some slept, some ate, and others read, while all sat from
morning till night waiting a chance to earn a living. They are long
waits too. One girl had been there two months, others for days and
weeks. It was good to see the glad look when called out to see a lady,
and sad to see them return saying that they did not suit because they
wore bangs, or their hair in the wrong style, or that they looked
bilious, or that they were too tall, too short, too heavy, or too
slender. One poor woman could not obtain a place because she wore
mourning, and so the objections ran.

I got no chance the entire day, and I decided that I could not endure a
second day in that human pack for two situations, so framing some sort
of excuse I left the place, and gave up trying to be a servant.




                      Nellie Bly as a White Slave.

_HER EXPERIENCE IN THE ROLE OF A NEW YORK SHOP-GIRL MAKING PAPER BOXES._


Very early the other morning I started out, not with the
pleasure-seekers, but with those who toil the day long that they may
live. Everybody was rushing—girls of all ages and appearances and
hurrying men—and I went along, as one of the throng. I had often
wondered at the tales of poor pay and cruel treatment that working girls
tell. There was one way of getting at the truth, and I determined to try
it. It was becoming myself a paper box factory girl. Accordingly, I
started out in search of work without experience, reference, or aught to
aid me.

It was a tiresome search, to say the least. Had my living depended on
it, it would have been discouraging, almost maddening. I went to a great
number of factories in and around Bleecker and Grand streets and Sixth
Avenue, where the workers number up into the hundreds. “Do you know how
to do the work?” was the question asked by every one. When I replied
that I did not, they gave me no further attention.

“I am willing to work for nothing until I learn,” I urged.

“Work for nothing! Why, if you paid us for coming we wouldn’t have you
in our way,” said one.

“We don’t run an establishment to teach women trades,” said another, in
answer to my plea for work.

“Well, as they are not born with the knowledge, how do they ever learn?”
I asked.

[Illustration: THE PASTING TABLE.]

“The girls always have some friend who wants to learn. If she wishes to
lose time and money by teaching her, we don’t object, for we get the
work the beginner does for nothing.”

By no persuasion could I obtain an entree into the larger factories, so
I concluded at last to try a smaller one at No. 196 Elm Street. Quite
unlike the unkind, brusque men I had met at other factories, the man
here was very polite. He said: “If you have never done the work, I don’t
think you will like it. It is dirty work and a girl has to spend years
at it before she can make much money. Our beginners are girls about
sixteen years old, and they do not get paid for two weeks after they
come here.”

“What can they make afterward?”

“We sometimes start them at week work—$1.50 a week. When they become
competent they go on piecework—that is, they are paid by the hundred.”

“How much do they earn then?”

“A good worker will earn from $5 to $9 a week.”

“Have you many girls here?”

“We have about sixty in the building and a number who take the work
home. I have only been in this business for a few months, but if you
think you would like to try it, I shall speak to my partner. He has had
some of his girls for eleven years. Sit down until I find him.”

He left the office, and I soon heard him talking outside about me, and
rather urging that I be given a chance. He soon returned, and with him a
small man who spoke with a German accent. He stood by me without
speaking, so I repeated my request. “Well, give your name to the
gentleman at the desk, and come down on Monday morning, and we will see
what we can do for you.”

And so it was that I started out early in the morning. I had put on a
calico dress to work in and to suit my chosen trade. In a nice little
bundle, covered with brown paper with a grease-spot on the center of it,
was my lunch. I had an idea that every working-girl carried a lunch, and
I was trying to give out the impression that I was quite used to this
thing. Indeed, I considered the lunch a telling stroke of thoughtfulness
in my new _role_, and eyed with some pride, in which was mixed a little
dismay, the grease-spot, which was gradually growing in size.

Early as it was I found all the girls there and at work. I went through
a small wagon-yard, the only entrance to the office. After making my
excuses to the gentleman at the desk, he called to a pretty little girl,
who had her apron full of pasteboard, and said:

“Take this lady up to Norah.”

“Is she to work on boxes or cornucopias?” asked the girl.

“Tell Norah to put her on boxes.”

Following my little guide, I climbed the narrowest, darkest, and most
perpendicular stair it has ever been my misfortune to see. On and on we
went, through small rooms, filled with working girls, to the top
floor—fourth or fifth story, I have forgotten which. Any way, I was
breathless when I got there.

“Norah, here is a lady you are to put on boxes,” called out my pretty
little guide.

All the girls that surrounded the long tables turned from their work and
looked at me curiously. The auburn-haired girl addressed as Norah raised
her eyes from the box she was making, and replied:

“See if the hatchway is down, and show her where to put her clothes.”

Then the forewoman ordered one of the girls to “get the lady a stool,”
and sat down before a long table, on which was piled a lot of pasteboard
squares, labeled in the center. Norah spread some long slips of paper on
the table; then taking up a scrub-brush, she dipped it into a bucket of
paste and then rubbed it over the paper. Next she took one of the
squares of pasteboard and, running her thumb deftly along, turned up the
edges. This done, she took one of the slips of paper and put it quickly
and neatly over the corner, binding them together and holding them in
place. She quickly cut the paper off at the edge with her thumb-nail and
swung the thing around and did the next corner. This I soon found made a
box lid. It looked and was very easy, and in a few moments I was able to
make one.

I did not find the work difficult to learn, but rather disagreeable. The
room was not ventilated, and the paste and glue were very offensive. The
piles of boxes made conversation impossible with all the girls except a
beginner, Therese, who sat by my side. She was very timid at first, but
after I questioned her kindly she grew more communicative.

“I live on Eldrige Street with my parents. My father is a musician, but
he will not go on the streets to play. He very seldom gets an
engagement. My mother is sick nearly all the time. I have a sister who
works at passementerie. She can earn from $3 to $5 a week. I have
another sister who has been spooling silk in Twenty-third Street for
five years now. She makes $6 a week. When she comes home at night her
face and hands and hair are all colored from the silk she works on
during the day. It makes her sick, and she is always taking medicine.”

“Have you worked before?”

“Oh, yes; I used to work at passementerie on Spring Street. I worked
from 7 until 6 o’clock, piecework, and made about $3.50 a week. I left
because the bosses were not kind, and we only had three little oil lamps
to see to work by. The rooms were very dark, but they never allowed us
to burn the gas. Ladies used to come here and take the work home to do.
They did it cheap, for the pleasure of doing it, so we did not get as
much pay as we would otherwise.”

“What did you do after you left there?” I asked.

“I went to work in a fringe factory on Canal Street. A woman had the
place and she was very unkind to all the girls. She did not speak
English. I worked an entire week, from 8 to 6, with only a half-hour for
dinner, and at the end of the week she only paid me 35 cents. You know a
girl cannot live on 35 cents a week, so I left.”

“How do you like the box factory?”

“Well, the bosses seem very kind. They always say good-morning to me, a
thing never done in any other place I ever worked, but it is a good deal
for a poor girl to give two weeks’ work for nothing. I have been here
almost two weeks, and I have done a great deal of work. It’s all clear
gain to the bosses. They say they often dismiss a girl after her first
two weeks on the plea that she does not suit. After this I am to get
$1.50 a week.”

When the whistles of the surrounding factories blew at 12 o’clock the
forewoman told us we could quit work and eat our lunch. I was not quite
so proud of my cleverness in simulating a working girl when one of them
said:

“Do you want to send out for your lunch?”

“No; I brought it with me,” I replied.

“Oh!” she exclaimed, with a knowing inflection and amused smile.

“Is there anything wrong?” I asked, answering her smile.

[Illustration: FINISHING UP.]

“Oh, no,” quickly; “only the girls always make fun of any one who
carries a basket now. No working-girl will carry a lunch or basket. It
is out of style because it marks the girl at once as a worker. I would
like to carry a basket, but I don’t dare, because they would make so
much fun of me.”

The girls sent out for lunch and I asked of them the prices. For five
cents they get a good pint of coffee, with sugar and milk if desired.
Two cents will buy three slices of buttered bread. Three cents, a
sandwich. Many times a number of the girls will put all their money
together and buy quite a little feast. A bowl of soup for five cents
will give four girls a taste. By clubbing together they are able to buy
warm lunch.

At one o’clock we were all at work again. I having completed sixty-four
lids, and the supply being consumed was put at “molding in.” This is
fitting the bottom into the sides of the box and pasting it there. It is
rather difficult at first to make all the edges come closely and neatly
together, but after a little experience it can be done easily.

On my second day I was put at a table with some new girls and I tried to
get them to talk. I was surprised to find that they are very timid about
telling their names, where they live or how. I endeavored by every means
a woman knows, to get an invitation to visit their homes, but did not
succeed.

“How much can girls earn here?” I asked the forewoman.

“I do not know,” she said; “they never tell each other, and the bosses
keep their time.”

“Have you worked here long?” I asked.

“Yes; I have been here eight years, and in that time I have taught my
three sisters.”

“Is the work profitable?”

“Well, it is steady; but a girl must have many years’ experience before
she can work fast enough to earn much.”

The girls all seem happy. During the day they would make the little
building resound with their singing. A song would be begun on the second
floor, probably, and each floor would take it up in succession, until
all were singing. They were nearly always kind to one another. Their
little quarrels did not last long, nor were they very fierce. They were
all extremely kind to me, and did all they could to make my work easy
and pleasant. I felt quite proud when able to make an entire box.

There were two girls at one table on piecework who had been in a great
many box factories and had had a varied experience.

“Girls do not get paid half enough at any work. Box factories are no
worse than other places. I do not know anything a girl can do where by
hard work she can earn more than $6 a week. A girl cannot dress and pay
her boarding on that.”

“Where do such girls live?” I asked.

“There are boarding-houses on Bleecker and Houston, and around such
places, where girls can get a room and meals for $3.50 a week. The room
may be only for two, in one bed, or it may have a dozen, according to
size. They have no conveniences or comforts, and generally undesirable
men board at the same place.”

“Why don’t they live at these homes that are run to accommodate working
women?”

“Oh, those homes are frauds. A girl cannot obtain any more home
comforts, and then the restrictions are more than they will endure. A
girl who works all day must have some recreation, and she never finds it
in homes.”

“Have you worked in box factories long?”

“For eleven years, and I can’t say that it has ever given me a living.
On an average I make $5 a week. I pay out $3.50 for board, and my wash
bill at the least is 75 cents. Can any one expect a woman to dress on
what remains?”

“What do you get paid for boxes?”

“I get 50 cents a hundred for one-pound candy boxes, and 40 cents a
hundred for half-pound boxes.”

“What work do you do on a box for that pay?”

“Everything. I get the pasteboard cut in squares the same as you did. I
first ‘set up’ the lids, then I ‘mold in’ the bottoms. This forms a box.
Next I do the ‘trimming,’ which is putting the gilt edge around the box
lid. ‘Cover striping’ (covering the edge of the lid) is next, and then
comes the ‘top label,’ which finishes the lid entire. Then I paper the
box, do the ‘bottom labeling;’ and then put in two or four laces (lace
paper) on the inside as ordered. Thus you see one box passes through my
hands eight times before it is finished. I have to work very hard and
without ceasing to be able to make two hundred boxes a day, which earns
me $1. It is not enough pay. You see I handle two hundred boxes sixteen
hundred times for $1. Cheap labor, isn’t it?”

One very bright girl, Maggie, who sat opposite me, told a story that
made my heart ache.

“This is my second week here,” she said, “and, of course, I won’t
receive any pay until next week, when I expect to receive $1.50 for six
days’ work. My father was a driver before he got sick. I don’t know what
is wrong, but the doctor says he will die. Before I left this morning he
said my father will die soon. I could hardly work because of it. I am
the oldest child, and I have a brother and two sisters younger. I am
sixteen, and my brother is twelve. He gets $2 a week for being
office-boy at a cigar-box factory.”

“Do you have much rent to pay?”

“We have two rooms in a house on Houston Street. They are small and have
low ceilings, and there are a great many Chinamen in the same house. We
pay for these rooms $14 per month. We do not have much to eat, but then
father doesn’t mind it because he can’t eat. We could not live if
father’s lodge did not pay our rent.”

“Did you ever work before?”

“Yes, I once worked in a carpet factory at Yonkers. I only had to work
there one week until I learned, and afterward I made at piecework a
dollar a day. When my father got so ill my mother wanted me at home, but
now when we see I can earn so little they wish I had remained there.”

“Why do you not try something else?” I asked.

“I wanted to, but could find nothing. Father sent me to school until I
was fourteen, and so I thought I would learn to be a telegraph operator.
I went to a place in Twenty-third Street, where it is taught, but the
man said he would not give me a lesson unless I paid fifty dollars in
advance. I could not do that.”

I then spoke of the Cooper Institute, which I thought every New Yorker
knew was for the benefit of just such cases. I was greatly astonished to
learn that such a thing as the Cooper Institute was wholly unknown to
all the workers around me.

“If my father knew that there was a free school he would send me,” said
one.

“I would go in the evenings,” said another, “if I had known there was
such a place.”

Again, when some of them were complaining of unjust wages, and some of
places where they had been unable to collect the amount due them after
working, I spoke of the mission of the Knights of Labor, and the newly
organized society for women. They were all surprised to hear that there
were any means to aid women in having justice. I moralized somewhat on
the use of any such societies unless they entered the heart of these
factories.

One girl who worked on the floor below me said they were not allowed to
tell what they earned. However, she had been working here five years,
and she did not average more than $5 a week. The factory in itself was a
totally unfit place for women. The rooms were small and there was no
ventilation. In case of fire there was practically no escape.

The work was tiresome, and after I had learned all I could from the
rather reticent girls I was anxious to leave. I noticed some rather
peculiar things on my trip to and from the factory. I noticed that men
were much quicker to offer their places to the working-girls on the cars
than they were to offer them to well-dressed women. Another thing quite
as noticeable, I had more men try to get up a flirtation with me while I
was a box-factory girl than I ever had before. The girls were nice in
their manners and as polite as ones reared at home. They never forgot to
thank one another for the slightest service, and there was quite a
little air of “good form” in many of their actions. I have seen many
worse girls in much higher positions than the white slaves of New York.


                                THE END.

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                          TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES


 1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.
 2. Retained anachronistic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as
      printed.
 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
 4. Enclosed bold font in =equals=.