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THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.

    NUMBER 20.      SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1840.      VOLUME I.

[Illustration: MALAHIDE CASTLE, COUNTY OF DUBLIN.]

An ancient baronial castle, in good preservation and still inhabited by
the lineal descendant of its original founder, is a rare object to find
in Ireland; and the causes which have led to this circumstance are too
obvious to require an explanation. In Malahide Castle we have, however,
a highly interesting example of this kind; for though in its present
state it owes much of its imposing effect to modern restorations and
improvements, it still retains a considerable portion of very ancient
date, and most probably even some parts of the original castle erected
in the reign of King Henry II. Considered in this way, Malahide Castle
is without a rival in interest, not only in our metropolitan county, but
also perhaps within the boundary of the old English pale.

The Castle of Malahide is placed on a gently elevated situation on
a limestone rock near the village or town from which it derives its
name, and of which, with its picturesque bay, it commands a beautiful
prospect. In its general form it is quadrangular and nearly approaching
to a square, flanked on its south or principal front by circular towers,
with a fine “Gothic” entrance porch in the centre. Its proportions are
of considerable grandeur, and its picturesqueness is greatly heightened
by the masses of luxuriant ivy which mantle its walls. For much of its
present architectural magnificence it is however indebted to its present
proprietor, and his father, the late Colonel Talbot. The structure, as
it appeared in the commencement of the last century, was of contracted
dimensions, and had wholly lost its original castellated character,
though its ancient moat still remained. This moat is however now filled
up, and its sloping surface is converted into a green-sward, and planted
with Italian cypresses and other evergreens.

Interesting, however, as this ancient mansion is in its exterior
appearance, it is perhaps still more so in its interior features. Its
spacious hall, roofed with timber-work of oak, is of considerable
antiquity; but its attraction is eclipsed by another apartment of
equal age and vastly superior beauty, with which indeed in its way
there is nothing, as far as we know, to be compared in Ireland. This
unique apartment is wainscotted throughout with oak elaborately carved,
in compartments, with subjects derived from scripture history, and
though Gothic in their general character, some of them are executed
with considerable skill; while the chimney-piece, which exhibits in
its central division figures of the Virgin and Child, is carved with a
singular degree of elegance and beauty. The whole is richly varnished,
and from the blackness of tint which the wood has acquired from time, the
apartment, as Mr Brewer well observes, assumes the resemblance of one
vast cabinet of ebony.

The other apartments, of which there are ten on each floor, are of
inferior architectural pretensions, though some of them are of lofty
and spacious proportions. But they are not without attractions of a
high order, being enriched with some costly specimens of porcelain, and
their walls covered with the more valuable ornaments of a collection of
original portraits and paintings by the old masters. Among the former
the most remarkable are portraits of Charles I. and Queen Henrietta
Maria, by Vandyke; James II. and his queen, Anne Hyde, by Sir Peter Lely;
Queen Anne, by Sir Godfrey Kneller; the Duchess of Portsmouth, mistress
to Charles II.; the first Duke of Richmond (son of the above duchess)
when a child; Richard Talbot, the celebrated Duke of Tirconnel, Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, general and minister to James II., by Sir Peter
Lely; the Ladies Catherine and Charlotte Talbot, daughters of the duke,
by Sir P. Lely; with many other portraits of illustrious members of the
Talbot family. The portraits of the Duchess of Portsmouth and her son
were presented by herself to Mrs Wogan of Rathcoffy, from whom they were
inherited by Colonel Talbot.

Among the pictures of more general interest, the most distinguished is
a small altar piece divided into compartments, and representing the
Nativity, Adoration, and Circumcision. This most valuable and interesting
picture is the work of Albert Durer, and is said to have belonged to the
unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots. It was purchased by Charles II. for
£2000, and was given by him to the Duchess of Portsmouth, who presented
it to the grandmother of the late Col. Talbot.

As already observed, the noble family of Talbot have been seated in their
present locality for a period of nearly seven hundred years! According to
the pedigree of the family, drawn up with every appearance of accuracy
by Sir William Betham, Richard Talbot, the second son of Richard Talbot,
Lord of Eccleswell and Linton, in Herefordshire, who was living in 1153,
having accompanied King Henry II. into Ireland, obtained from that
monarch the lordship of Malahide, being part of the two cantreds of
Leinster, in the neighbourhood of Dublin, which King Henry had reserved,
when he granted the rest of the province to Richard Earl of Strongbow,
to be held as a noble fief of the crown of England. It is at all events
certain, as appears from the chartulary or register of Mary’s Abbey, now
in the British Museum, that this Richard Talbot granted to St Mary’s
Abbey in Dublin certain lands called Venenbristen, which lie between
Croscurry and the lands of Hamon Mac Kirkyl, in pure and perpetual alms,
that the monks there might pray for the health of his soul and that of
his brother Roger, and their ancestors; and that he also leased certain
lands in Malahide and Portmarnoc to the monks of the same abbey. From
this Richard Talbot the present Lord Talbot de Malahide descends in the
twentieth generation, and in the twenty-fourth from Richard Talbot, a
Norman baron who held Hereford Castle in the time of the Conqueror. The
noble Earls of Shrewsbury and Talbot are of the same stock, but descend
from Gilbert, the elder brother of Richard, who was Lord of Eccleswell
and Linton, and was living in 1190.

There can be no question, therefore, of the noble origin of the Talbots
de Malahide, nor can their title be considered as a mushroom one,
though only conferred upon the mother of the present lord; for Sir
William Betham shows that his ancestor, Thomas Talbot, knight and lord
of Malahide, who had livery of his estate in 1349, was summoned by the
sheriff of Dublin to the Magnum Concilium, or Great Council, held in
Dublin in 1372, 46 Edward III., and again to the Magnum Concilium held
on Saturday, in the vigils of the holy Trinity, 48 Edward III., 1374,
by special writ directed to himself by the name of “_Thome Talbot,
Militis_.” He was also summoned by writ to the Parliament of Ireland in
the same year. If therefore it could be ascertained that this Thomas
Talbot actually took his seat under that writ, it would be clear that his
lineal heir-male and heir-general, the present baron, has a just claim to
the honours and dignity which he has so recently acquired.

The manor of Malahide was created by charter as early as the reign of
King Henry II., and its privileges were confirmed and enlarged by King
Edward IV. in 1475. This, we believe, still remains in the possession
of the chief of the family, but various other extensive possessions of
his ancestors passed to junior branches of his house, and have been long
alienated from his family.

Among the most memorable circumstances of general interest connected
with the history of this castle and its possessors, should be mentioned
what Mr Brewer properly calls “a lamentable instance of the ferocity
with which quarrels of party rivalry were conducted in ages during which
the internal polity of Ireland was injuriously neglected by the supreme
head of government:--On Whitsun-eve, in the year 1329, as is recorded by
Ware, John de Birmingham, Earl of Louth, Richard Talbot, styled Lord of
Malahide, and many of their kindred, together with sixty of their English
followers, were slain in a pitched battle at Balbriggan [Ballybragan] in
this neighbourhood, by the Anglo-Norman faction of the De Verdons, De
Gernons, and Savages: the cause of animosity being the election of the
earl to the palatinate dignity of Louth, the county of the latter party.”

At a later period the Talbots of Malahide had a narrow escape from a
calamity nearly as bad as death itself--the total loss of their rank
and possessions. Involved of necessity by their political and religious
principles in the troubles of the middle of the seventeenth century,
they could hardly have escaped the persecution of the party assuming
government in the name of the parliament. John Talbot of Malahide having
been indicted and outlawed for acting in the Irish rebellion, his castle,
with five hundred acres of arable land, was granted by lease, dated 21st
December 1653, for seven years, to the regicide Miles Corbet, who resided
here for several years after, till, being himself outlawed in turn at
the period of the Restoration, he took shipping from its port for the
continent. More fortunate, however, than the representatives of most
other families implicated in the events of this unhappy period, Mr Talbot
was by the act of explanation in 1665 restored to all his lands and
estates in the county of Dublin, as he had held the same in 1641, only
subject to quit rents. It is said that during the occupation of Malahide
by Corbet it became for a short time the abode of Cromwell himself; but
this statement, we believe, only rests on popular tradition--a chronicler
which has been too fond of making similar statements respecting Irish
castles generally, to merit attention and belief.

Our limits will not permit us on the present occasion to enter on any
description of the picturesque ruins of the ancient chapel and tombs
situated within the demesne, and immediately adjacent to the castle; and
we shall only add in conclusion, that the grounds of the demesne, though
of limited extent, and but little varied in elevation, are judiciously
laid out, and present among its plantations many scenes of dignified
character and beauty.

                                                                       P.




SAINT BRIDGET’S SHAWL, BY T. E., AUTHOR OF “DARBY DOYLE,” ETC.


Amongst the many extraordinary characters with which this country
abounds, such as fools, madmen, onshochs, omadhauns, hair-brains,
crack-brains, and naturals, I have particularly taken notice of one. His
character is rather singular. He begs about Newbridge, county of Kildare:
he will accept of any thing offered him, except money--that he scornfully
refuses; which fulfils the old adage, “None but a fool will refuse
money.” His habitation is the ruins of an old fort or ancient stronghold
called Walshe’s Castle, on the road to Kilcullen, near Arthgarvan, and
within a few yards of the river Liffey, far away from any dwelling. There
he lies on a bundle of straw, with no other covering save the clothes he
wears all day. Many is the evening I have seen this poor crazy creature
plod along the road to his desolate lodging. There is another stamp
of singularity on his character: his name is Pat Mowlds, but who dare
attempt to call him Pat? It must be Mr Mowlds, or he will not only be
offended himself, but will surely offend those who neglect this respect.
In general he is of a downcast, melancholy disposition, boasts of being
very learned, is much delighted when any one gives him a ballad or old
newspaper. Sometimes he gets into a very good humour, and will relate
many anecdotes in a droll style.

About two years ago, as I happened to be sauntering along the border of
the Curragh, I overtook this solitary being.

“A fine morning, Mr Mowlds,” was my address.

“Yes, sur, thank God, a very fine morning; shure iv we don’t have fine
weather in July, when will we have it?”

“What a great space of ground this is to lie waste--what a quantity of
provisions it would produce--what a number of people it would employ and
feed!” said I.

“Oh, that’s very thrue, sur; but was it all sown in pittaties, what
would become ov the poor sheep? Shure we want mutton as well as
pittaties--besides, all the devarshin we have every year.----Why, thin,
maybe ye have e’er an ould newspaper or ballit about ye?”

I said I had not, but a couple of Penny Journals should be at his service
which I had in my pocket.

“Och, any thing at all that will keep a body amused, though I have got
a great many of them; but among them all I don’t see any picther or any
account of the round tower ferninst ye; nor any account ov the fire
Saint Bridget _kept_ in night an’ day for six hundred years; nor any
thing about the raison why it was put out; nor any thing about how Saint
Bridget came by this piece ov ground; nor any thing about the ould Earl
ov Kildare, who rides round the Curragh every seventh year with silver
spurs and silver reins to his horse--God bless ye, sur, have ye e’er a
bit of tobacky?--there’s not a word about this poor counthry at all.”

My senses were now driven to anxiety--I gave him some tobacco. He then
resumed:--

“Och, an’ faix it’s myself that can tell all about those things. Shure my
grandfather was brother to one of the ould anshint bards who left him all
his books, and he left them to my mother, who left them to me.”

“Well, Mr Mowlds,” I said, “you must have a perfect knowledge of those
things--let us hear something of their contents.”

“Why, thin, shure, sur, I can’t do less. Now, you see, sur, it’s my
fashion like the priests and ministhers goin’ to praich: they must give
a bit ov a text out ov some larned book, and that’s the way with me. So
here goes--mind the words:

    “The seventeenth ov March, on King Dermot’s great table,
    Where ninety-nine beeves were all roast at a time,
    We dhrank to the memory, while we wor able,
        Ov Pathrick, the saint ov our nation;
    And gaily wor dhrinkin’, roarin’, shoutin’,
        Cead mille faltha, acushla machree.
    There was Cathleen so fair, an’ Elleen so rare!
            With Pathrick an’ Nora,
            An’ flauntin’ Queen Dorah!
                On Pathrick’s day in the mornin’.
                          Whoo!!!
            County Kildare an’ the sky over it!
                    Short grass for ever!”

He thus ended with a kick up of his heel which nearly touched the nape of
his neck, and a flourish of his stick at the same time. Then turning to
me he said,

“I am not going to tell you one word about the fire--I am going to tell
you how Saint Bridget got all this ground. Bad luck to _Black Noll_ (a
name given to Cromwell) with his crew ov dirty Sasanachs that tore down
the church; and if they could have got on the tower, that would be down
also. No matther--every dog will have his day. Sit down on this hill till
we have a shaugh ov the dhudheen. In this hill lie buried all the bones
ov the poor fellows that Gefferds killed the time ov the throuble, peace
an’ rest to their souls!”

“But to the story, Mr Mowlds,” I said, as I watched him with impatience
while he readied his pipe with a large pin.

“Well, sur, here goes. Bad luck to this touch, it’s damp: the rain blew
into my pocket t’other night an’ wetted it--ha, I have it.

Now, sur, you persave by the words ov my text that a great feast was kept
up every year at the palace of Castledermot on Saint Pathrick’s day.
Nothing was to be seen for many days before but slaughtering ov bullocks,
skiverin’ ov pullets, rowlin’ in ov barrels, an’ invitin’ all the quolity
about the counthry; nor did the roolocks and spalpeens lag behind--they
never waited to be axt; all came to lind a frindly hand at the feast; nor
war the kings ov those days above raisin’ the ax to slay a bullock. King
O’Dermot was one ov those slaughtherin’ kings who wouldn’t cringe at the
blood ov any baste.

’Twas on one ov those festival times that he sallied out with his ax in
his hand to show his dexterity in the killin’ way. The butchers brought
him the cattle one afther another, an’ he laid them down as fast as they
could be dhrained ov their blood.

Afther layin’ down ninety-nine, the last ov a hundhred was brought to
him. Just as he riz the ax to give it the clout, the ox with a sudden
chuck drew the stake from the ground, and away with him over hill an’
dale, with the swingin’ block an’ a hundred spalpeens at his heels. At
last he made into the river just below Kilcullen, when a little gossoon
thought to get on his back; but his tail bein’ very long, gave a twitch
an’ hitched itself in a black knot round the chap’s body, and so towed
him across the river.

Away with him then across the Curragh, ever till he came to where Saint
Bridget lived. He roared at the gate as if for marcy. Saint Bridget was
just at the door when she saw the ox with his horns thrust through the
bars.

‘Arrah, what ails ye, poor baste?’ sez she, not seein’ the boy at his
tail.

‘Och,’ sez the boy, makin’ answer for the ox, ‘for marcy sake let me in.
I’m the last ov a hundred that was goin’ to be kilt by King O’Dermot for
his great feast to-morrow; but he little knows who I am.’

Begor, when she heard the ox spake, she was startled; but rousin’
herself, she said,

‘Why, thin, it ’ud be fitther for King O’Dermot to give me a few ov yees,
than be feedin’ Budhavore: it’s well you come itself.’

‘Ah, but, shure, you won’t kill me, Biddy Darlin,’ sez the chap, takin’
the hint, as it was nigh dark, and Biddy couldn’t see him with her odd
eye; for you must know, sur, that she was such a purty girl when she was
young, that the boys used to be runnin’ in dozens afther her. At last she
prayed for somethin’ to keep them from tormenting her. So you see, sur,
she was seized with the small-pox at one side ov her face, which blinded
up her eye, and left the whole side ov her face in furrows, while the
other side remained as beautiful as ever.

‘In troth you needn’t fear me killin’ ye,’ sez she; ‘but where can I keep
ye?’

‘Och,’ says the arch wag, ‘shure when I grow up to be a bull I can guard
yer ground.’

‘Ground, in yeagh,’ sez the saint; ‘shure I havn’t as much as would sow a
ridge ov pittaties, barrin’ the taste I have for the girls to walk on.’

‘And did you ax the king for nane?’ sed the supposed ox.

‘In troth I did, but the ould budhoch refused me twice’t.’

‘Well, Biddy honey,’ sez the chap, ‘the third offer’s lucky. Go
to-morrow, when he’s at dinner, and you may come at the soft side ov him.
But won’t you give some refreshment to this poor boy that I picked up on
the road? I fear he is dead or smothered hanging at my tail.’

Well, to be sure, the chap hung his head (moryeah) when he sed this.

Out St Bridget called a dozen ov nuns, who untied the knot, and afther
wipin’ the chap as clean as a new pin, brought him into the kitchen,
and crammed him with the best of aitin’ and drinkin’; but while they
wor doing this, away legged the ox. St Bridget went out to ax him some
questions consarnin’ the king, but he was gone.

‘’Pon my sowkins,’ sed she, ‘but that was a mighty odd thing entirely.
Faix, an it’s myself that will be off to Castledermot to-morrow, hit or
miss.’

Well, sur, the next day she gother together about three dozen nuns.

‘Toss on yer mantles,’ sez she, ‘an’ let us be off to Castledermot.’

‘With all harts,’ sez they.

‘Come here, Norah,’ sez she to the sarvint maid. ‘Slack down the fire,’
sez she, ‘and be sure you have the kittle on. I couldn’t go to bed
without my tay, was it ever so late.’

So afther givin’ her ordhers off they started.

Well, behould ye, sur, when she got within two miles ov the palace, word
was brought to the king that St Bridget and above five hundred nuns were
on the road, comin’ to dine with him.

‘O tundheranounthers,’ roared the king, ‘what’ll I do for their dinner?
Why the dhoul didn’t she come an hour sooner, or sent word yestherday?
Such a time for visithers! Do ye hear me, Paudeen Roorke?’ sez he,
turnin’ to his chief butler: ‘run afther Rory Condaugh, and ax him did he
give away the two hind quarthers that I sed was a little rare.’

‘Och, yer honor,’ sed Paudeen Roorke, ‘shure he gev them to a parcel of
boccochs at the gate.’

‘The dhoul do them good with it! Oh, fire and faggots! what’ll become ov
me?--shure she will say I have no hospitality, an’ lave me her curse.
But, cooger, Paudeen: did the roolocks overtake the ox that ran away
yestherday?’

‘Och, the dhoul a haugh ov him ever was got, yer honor.’

‘Well, it’s no matther; that’ll be a good excuse; do you go and meet her;
I lave it all to you to get me out ov this hobble.’

‘Naboclish,’ said Paudeen Roorke, cracking his fingers, an’ out he
started. Just as he got to the door he met her _going_ to _come_ in. Well
become the king, but he shlipt behind the door to hear what ’ud be sed.
‘Bedhahusth,’ he roared to the guests that wor going to dhrink his health
while his back was turned.

‘God save yer reverence!’ said St Bridget to the butler, takin’ him for
the king’s chaplain, he had such a grummoch face on him; ‘can I see the
king?’

‘God save you kindly!’ sed Paudeen, ‘to be shure ye can. Who will I say
wants him?’ eyeing the black army at her heels.

‘Tell him St Bridget called with a few friends to take pot luck.’

‘Oh, murther!’ sed Paudeen, ‘why didn’t you come an hour sooner? I’m
afraid the meat is all cowld, we waited so long for ye.’

‘Och, don’t make any _bones_ about it,’ sed St Bridget: ‘it’s a cowld
stummock can’t warm its own mait.’

‘In troth that’s thrue enough,’ sed Paudeen; ‘but I fear there isn’t
enough for so many.’

‘Why, ye set of _cormorals_,’ sed she, ‘have ye swallied the whole
ninety-nine oxen that ye kilt yestherday?’

‘Oh, blessed hour!’ groaned the king to himself, ‘how did she know that?
Och, I suppose she knows I’m here too.’

‘Oh, bad scran to me!’ said Paudeen, ‘but we had the best and fattest
keepin’ for you, but he ran away.’

‘In troth you needn’t tell me that,’ sez she; ‘I know all about yer
doings. If I’m sent away without my dinner itself, I must see the king.’

Just as she sed this, a hiccup seized the king, so loud that it
reached the great hall. The guests, who war all silent by the king’s
order, thought he sed hip, hip!--so. Such a shout, my jewel, as nearly
frightened the saint away.

‘In troth,’ sez she, ‘I’d be very sorry to venthur among such a set of
riff-raff, any way. But who’s this behind the door?’ sez she, cockin’ her
eye. ‘Oh, I beg pardon!--I hope no inthrusion--there ye are--ye’ll save
me the trouble ov goin’ in.’

‘Oh,’ sed the king (hic), ‘I tuck a little sick in my stummock, and came
down to get fresh air. I beg pardon. Why didn’t you come in time to
dinner?’

‘I want no dinner,’ said she; ‘I came to speak on affairs ov state.’

‘Why, thin,’ said the king, ‘before ye state them, ye must come in and
take a bit in yer fingers, at any rate.’

‘In troth,’ sez she, ‘I was always used to full and plenty, and not any
scrageen bits; and to think ov a king’s table not having a flaugooloch
meal, is all nonsense: that’s like the taste ov ground I axt ye for some
time ago.’

Begor, sur, when she sed that, she gev him such a start that the hiccough
left him.

‘Ah, Biddy, honey,’ sez he, ‘shure ye wor only passin’ a joke to cure me:
say no more--it’s all gone.’

Just as he sed this, he heard a great shout at a distance: out he pulled
his specks, an’ put them on his nose; when to his joy he saw a whole
crowd ov spalpeens dhrivin’ the ox before them. The king, forgettin’ who
he was spaikin’ to, took off his caubeen, and began to wave it, as he ran
off to meet them.

‘Oh! mahurpendhoul, but ye’re brave fellows,’ sez he; ‘who ever it was
that _cotch_ him shall have a commission in my life guards. I never
wanted a joint more. Galong, every mother’s son ov yees, and horry all
the gridirons and frying-pans ye can get. Hand me the axe, till I have
some steaks tost up for a few friends.’

So, my jewel, while ye’d say thrap-stick, the ox was down, an’ on the
gridirons before the life was half out ov him.

Well, to be shure, St Bridget got mighty hungry, as she had walked a long
way. She then tould the king that the gentlemen should lave the room, as
she could not sit with any one not in ordhers, and they being a little
out ov ordher. So, to make themselves agreeable to her ordhers, they quit
the hall, and went out to play at hurdles.

When the king recollected who he was goin’ to give dinner to, sez he to
himself, ‘Shure no king ought to be above sarvin’ a saint.’ So over he
goes to his wife the queen.

‘Dorah,’ sez he, ‘do ye know who’s within?’ ‘Why, to be shure I do,’ sez
she; ‘ain’t it Bridheen na Keogue?’

‘Ye’re right,’ sez he, ‘and you know she’s a saint; an’ I think it will
be for the good ov our sowls that she kem here to-day. Come, peel off yer
muslins, and help me up wid the dinner.’

‘In troth I’ll not,’ sez the queen; ‘shure ye know I’m a black
Prospitarian, an’ bleeve nun ov yer saints.’

‘Arrah, nun or yer quare ways,’ sez he; ‘don’t you wish my sowl happy,
any how?--an’ if you help me, you will be only helpin’ my sowl to heaven.’

‘Oh, in that case,’ sez she, ‘here’s at ye, and the sooner the betther.
But one charge I’d give ye: take care how ye open yer _claub_ about
ground: ye know she thought to come round ye twice before.’

So in the twinklin’ ov an eye she went down to the kitchen, an’ put on a
prashkeen, an’ was _first dish_ at the table.

The king saw every one lashin’ away at their dinner except Bridget.

‘Arrah, Biddy, honey,’ sez he, ‘why don’t ye help yerself?’

‘Why, thin,’ sez she, ‘the dhoul a bit, bite or sup, I’ll take undher yer
roof until ye grant me one favour.’

‘And what is that?’ sez the king; ‘shure ye know a king must stand to his
word was it half his kingdom, and how do I know but ye want to chouse me
out ov it: let me know first what ye want.’

‘Well, thin, Mr King O’Dermot,’ sez she, ‘all I want is a taste ov ground
to sow a few pays in.’

‘Well, an’ how much do ye want, yer reverence,’ sez he, all over ov a
thrimble, betune his wife’s dark looks, and the curse he expected from
Bridget if he refused.

‘Not much,’ sez she, ‘for the present. You don’t know how I’m situated.
All the pilgrims going to Lough Dhearg are sent to me to put the pays in
their brogues, an’ ye know I havn’t as much ground as would sow a pint;
but if ye only give me about fifty acres, I’ll be contint.’

‘Fifty acres!’ roared the king, stretching his neck like a goose.

‘Fifty acres!’ roared the queen, knitting her brows; ‘shure that much
ground would fill their pockets as well as their brogues.’

‘There ye’re out ov it,’ said the saint; ‘why, it wouldn’t be half enough
if they got their dhue according to their sins; but I’ll lave it to
yerself.’

‘How much will ye give?’

‘Not an acre,’ said the queen.

‘Oh, Dorah,’ sed the king, ‘let me give the crathur some.’

‘Not an _inch_,’ sed the queen, ‘if I’m to be misthress here.’

‘Oh, I beg pardon,’ sez the saint; ‘so, Mr King O’Dermot, you are undher
petticoat government I see; but maybe I won’t match ye for all that.
Now, take my word, you shall go on penance to Lough Dhearg before nine
days is about; and instead ov pays ye shall have pebble stones and swan
shot, in yer brogues. But it’s well for you, Mrs Queen, that ye’re out
ov my reach, or I’d send you there barefooted, with nothing on but yer
stockings.’

When the king heard this, he fell all ov a thrimble. ‘Oh, Dorah,’ sez he,
‘give the crathur a little taste ov ground to satisfy her.’

‘No, not as much as she could play ninepins on,’ sez she, shakin’ her
fist and grindin’ her teeth together; ‘and I hope she may send you to
Lough Dhearg, as she sed she would.’

‘Why, thin, have ye no feeling for one ov yer own sex?’ sez the saint.
‘I’ll go my way this minit, iv ye only give me as much as my shawl will
cover.’

‘Oh, that’s a horse ov another colour,’ sez the queen; ‘you may have
that, with a heart and a half. But you know very well if I didn’t watch
that fool ov a man, he’d give the very nose off his face if a girl only
axt him how he was.’

Well, sur, when the king heard this, he grew as merry as a cricket.
‘Come, Biddy,’ sez he, ‘we mustn’t have a dhry bargain, any how.’

‘Oh, ye’ll excuse me, Mr King O’Dermot,’ sez she; ‘I never drink stronger
nor wather.’

‘Oh, son ov Fingal,’ exclaimed the king, ‘do ye hear this, and it
Pathrick’s day!’

‘Oh, I intirely forgot that,’ sez she. ‘Well, then, for fear ye’d say I
was a bad fellow, I’ll just taste. Shedhurdh.’

Well, sur, after the dhough-an-dheris she went home very well pleased
that she was to get ever a taste ov ground at all, and she promised the
king to make his pinance light, and that she would boil the pays for him,
as she did with young men ov tendher conshinses; but as to ould hardened
sinners, she’d keep the pays till they’d be as stale as a sailor’s bisket.

Well, to be shure, when she got home she set upwards ov a hundhred nuns
at work to make her shawl, during which time she was never heard of. At
last, afther six months’ hard labour, they got it finished.

‘Now,’ sez she, ‘it’s time I should go see the king, that he may come and
see that I take no more than my right. So, taking no one with her barrin’
herself and _one_ nun, off she set.

The king and queen were just sitting down to tay at the parlour window
when she got there.

‘Whoo! talk of the dhoul and he’ll appear,’ sez he. ‘Why, thin, Biddy
honey, it’s an ago since we saw ye. Sit down; we’re just on the first
cup. Dorah and myself were afther talkin’ about ye, an’ thought ye forgot
us intirely. Well, did ye take that bit ov ground?’

‘Indeed I’d be very sorry to do the likes behind any one’s back. You must
come to-morrow and see it measured.’

‘Not I, ’pon my sowkins,’ sed the king: ‘do ye think me so mane as to
doubt yer word?’

‘Pho! pho!’ sed the queen, ‘such a taste is not worth talkin’ ov; but,
just to honour ye, we shall attind in state to-morrow. Sit down.’

She took up her station betune the king an’ queen: the purty side ov her
face was next the king, an’ the ugly side next the queen.

‘I can’t be jealous ov you, at any rate,’ sed the queen to herself, as
she never saw her veil off before.

‘Oh, murther!’ sez the king, ‘what a pity ye’re a saint, and Dorah to be
alive. Such a beauty!’

Just as he was starin’, the queen happened to look over at a
looking-glass, in which she saw Biddy’s pretty side.

‘Hem!’ sez she, sippin’ her cup. ‘Dermot,’ sez she, ‘it’s very much out
ov manners to be stuck with ladies at their tay. Go take a shaugh ov the
dhudheen, while we talk over some affairs ov state.’

Begor, sur, the king was glad ov the excuse to lave them together, in the
hopes St Bridget would convart his wife.

Well, sur, whatever discoorse they had, I disremember, but the queen came
down in great humour to wish the saint good night, an’ promised to be on
the road the next day to Kildare.

‘Faix,’ sez the saint, ‘I was nigh forgettin’ my gentility to wish the
king good night. Where is he?’

‘Augh, and shure myself doesn’t know, barrin’ he’s in the kitchen.’

‘In the kitchen!’ exclaimed the saint; ‘oh fie!’

‘Ay, indeed, just cock yer eye,’ sez the queen, ‘to the key-hole: that
dhudheen is his excuse. I can’t keep a maid for him.’

‘Oh! is that the way with him?--never fear: I’ll make his pinance purty
sharp for that. At any rate call him out an’ let us part in friends.’

So, sur, afther all the compliments wor passed, the king sed he should
go see her a bit ov the road, as it was late: so off he went. The moon
had just got up, an’ he walked alongside the saint at the ugly side; but
when he looked round to praise her, an’ pay her a little compliment, he
got sich a fright that he’d take his oath it wasn’t her at all, so he was
glad to get back to the queen.

Well, sur, next morning the queen ordhered the long car to be got ready,
with plenty ov clean straw in it, as in those times they had no coaches;
then regulated her life guards, twelve to ride before and twelve behind,
the king at one side and the chief butler at the other, for without
the butler she couldn’t do at all, as every mile she had to stop the
whole retinue till she’d get refreshment. In the meantime, St Bridget
placed her nuns twenty-one miles round the Curragh. At last the thrumpet
sounded, which gave notice that the king was coming. As soon as they
halted, six men lifted the queen up on the throne, which they brought
with them on the long car. The king ov coorse got up by her side.

‘Well, Dorah,’ sez he in a whisper, ‘what a laugh we’ll have at Biddy,
with her shawl!’

‘I don’t know that neither,’ sez the queen. ‘It looks as thick as
Finmocool’s boulsther, as it hangs over her shoulder.’

‘God save yer highness,’ sed the saint, as she kem up to them. ‘Why, ye
sted mighty long. I had a snack ready for ye at one o’clock.’

‘Och, it’s no matther,’ sez the queen; ‘measure yer bit ov ground, and we
then can have it in comfort.’

So with that St Bridget threw down her shawl, which she had cunningly
folded up.

Now, sur, this shawl was made ov fine sewin’ silk, all network, each mesh
six feet square, and tuck thirty-six pounds ov silk, and employed six
hundred and sixty nuns for three months making it.

Well, sur, as I sed afore, she threw it on the ground.

‘Here, Judy Conway, run to Biddy Conroy with this corner, an’ let her
make aff in the direckshin ov Kildare, an’ be shure she runs the corner
into the _mon’stery_. Here, you, Nelly Murphy, make off to Kilcullen;
an’ you, Katty Farrel, away with you to Ballysax; an’ you, Nelly Doye,
away to Arthgarvan; an’ you, Rose Regan, in the direckshin of Connell;
an’ you, Ellen Fogarty, away in the road to Maddenstown; an’ you, Jenny
Purcel, away to Airfield. Just hand it from one to t’other.’

So givin’ three claps ov her hand, off they set like hounds, an’ in a
minnit ye’d think a haul ov nuns wor cotched in the net.

‘Oh, millia murther!’ sez the queen, ‘she’s stretchin’ it over my
daughter’s ground.’

‘Oh, blud-an’-turf!’ sez the king, ‘now she’s stretchin’ it over my son’s
ground. Galong, ye set ov _thaulabawns_,’ sed he to his life-guards;
‘galong, I say, an’ stop her, else she’ll cover all my dominions.’

‘Oh fie, yer honour,’ sez the chief butler; ‘if you break yer word, I’m
not shure ov my wages.’

Well behould ye, sur, in less than two hours Saint Bridget had the whole
Curragh covered.

‘Now see what a purty kittle of fish you’ve made ov it!’ sez the queen.

‘No, but it’s you, Mrs Queen O’Dermot, ’twas you agreed to this.’

‘Ger out, ye ould bosthoon,’ sez the queen, ‘ye desarve it all: ye might
aisy guess that she’d chouse ye. Shure iv ye had a grain ov sinse, ye
might recollect how yer cousin King O’Toole was choused by Saint Kavin
out ov all his ground, by the saint stuffin’ a lump ov a crow into the
belly ov the ould goose.’

‘Well, Dorah, never mind; if she makes a hole, I have a peg for it. Now,
Biddy,’ sez he, ‘though I gave ye the ground, I forgot to tell ye that I
only give it for a certain time. I now tell ye from this day forward you
shall only have it while ye keep yer fire in.’”

Here I lost the remainder of his discourse by my ill manners. I got so
familiar with Mr Mowlds, and so interested with his story, that I forgot
my politeness.

“And what about the fire, PAT?” said I, without consideration.

Before I could recollect the offence, he turned on me with the eyes of a
maniac--

“The dhoul whishper nollege into your ear.
_Pat!_--(hum)--_Pat!_--_Pat!_--this is freedom, with all my heart.”

So saying, he strode away, muttering something between his teeth.
However, I hope again to meet him, when I shall be a little more cautious
in my address.




THE ELECTROTYPE.


An elaborate and very lucid article on the Electrotype and Daguerreotype,
being a review of “An Account of Experiments in Electricity made by
Thomas Spencer--Annals of Electricity, January 1840,” and of the account
of M. Daguerre’s discovery of Photogenic Drawing as published by
himself, has appeared in that excellent work “The Westminster Review”
for September. Our space not allowing us to enter so fully into details
as our admirable contemporary, we present our readers with as concise an
article as the nature of the subject will permit, confining ourselves for
the present to the Electrotype, as being less generally known, though not
less curious.

The electrotype is another instance of the application of invisible
elements to the uses of man, by which powers and influences, of whose
nature he is as yet wholly ignorant, are made subservient to his
purposes, and obedient to his rule.

To define accurately what electricity is, would be, as yet at least,
impossible. Many conjectures have been, are, and will be hazarded, but
the knowledge of its production, power, and effects, is only in its
infancy, and so full of promise of a gigantic growth, that time will be
better spent in its cultivation than in debating upon what it is.

The truth of this proposition is fully borne out by the subject of our
present paper; for whilst many scientific men have been exhausting their
energies in the production of plausible theories upon the nature of the
electric fluid, other more matter-of-fact philosophers have addressed
themselves to its application; and whilst some of these devote themselves
to the developement of its motive powers, in the well-founded hope of
its superseding steam, others press its services to far different uses.
Amongst the last, Mr Spencer holds a foremost place.

Before entering into the description of the electrotype, we must say
a few words on the subject of electricity to the less informed of our
readers. The electric fluid, as it is called, may be produced in various
ways: the most ordinary is by the friction of glass against silk, as
exemplified in the electrical machine, which is familiar to almost every
one. But galvanic and voltaic electricity is differently produced. In all
cases its production is the consequence of combination, but particularly
in the galvanic battery and voltaic circle. The latter, being Mr
Spencer’s apparatus, we shall briefly describe.

An ordinary voltaic circle is formed by a plate of zinc and another of
copper being placed upright in a vessel containing acid or a saline
solution. Zinc is more oxidisable than copper, that is, it has a greater
affinity to, or inclination to unite itself with, the gas called
oxygen, the combination of which with the particles of metal produces
that appearance which is called “rust.” Whilst the zinc and copper are
separate, the oxygen of the fluid operates upon both; but if they are
united by means of a wire connected with each, the oxygen forsakes the
copper altogether, and proceeds with increased force to unite with the
zinc, and a current of electricity is immediately formed, which proceeds
from the zinc plate through the fluid medium to the copper, thence along
the connecting wire to the zinc, and thence round again in a constant
circulating stream, until the zinc has been entirely decomposed, or
oxidised.

Electricity being thus produced by combination, its progress and effects
are marked by a wonderful power of separation or decomposition, which it
exerts upon substances brought within the circle; and this is the power
which Mr Spencer has turned to his use, the great object which he has at
present in view being the multiplication of engraved plates of copper for
the purpose of printing from.

Every person who has seen metal of any description in a state of fusion,
must have remarked that it never forms a thin fluid such as water,
capable of insinuating itself into the smallest interstices, but is what
would be called _thick_ even at the fiercest heat, consequently incapable
of entering into such fine scratches as are necessary to be accurately
and clearly defined upon an engraved plate. Again, the contraction and
expansion of all metals by the application of heat and cold, would offer
an almost insuperable bar to the utility of casting, even if the fusion
could be rendered perfect. But the application of electricity removes all
the inconveniences, and opens a new field of science.

Mr Spencer’s apparatus consists of an earthenware vessel, in which is
suspended another, much smaller, of earthenware or wood, with a bottom
formed of plaster-of-Paris. Into the larger vessel is poured a saturated
solution of copper (the copper being dissolved in sulphuric acid)
sufficient to rise up along the sides of the lesser one, which is filled
with the acid or saline solution intended to operate upon the zinc. The
plaster-of-Paris being very porous, allows the two liquids to meet in
its cells, but prevents them from mixing; by permitting them to meet,
however, the current of electricity is enabled to circulate through all.
In the larger vessel, and beneath the bottom of the smaller one, is
placed the copper plate from which the cast is to be taken, or upon which
the pattern is to be raised. It is suspended by the wire, which is to
connect it with the zinc, being fixed on the edge of the inner vessel,
in which is the zinc plate, suspended by its connecting wire. The two
wires are then brought into contact, fixed together by a screw, and the
voltaic circle is complete. The acid in the upper vessel attacks the
zinc, the electric current descends through the plaster bottom, thence
through the solution of copper, where its separating or decomposing power
is brought into operation, causing the infinitely minute particles of
copper suspended in the solution to separate from the sulphuric acid, and
descend upon the plate, through which itself proceeds to the wire, and so
round again.

Now, here is probably the most wonderful part of the process. It is only
on the copper plate that the particles of copper, disengaged from the
solution, will descend and settle. If the copper be varnished, or covered
with a coat of wax, they will not deposit themselves or go together at
all; but where they find the clean surface of the metal, they at once
not only settle, but fix and adjust themselves in their proper forms,
building up as it were a metal structure, not eccentric or uneven, but
forming a correct plate of new metal, so pure, so hard, and so free
from defect or extraneous matter, that engravers prefer copper plates
thus formed to any other for working upon. But the perfection of this
operation consists in the wonderful accuracy with which the finest lines
of the most beautiful engravings are copied: the particles which float
in the solution are so indefinitely small, that they can enter into the
finest cuts, the slightest scratches; and as they undergo no process of
heating or cooling, their form is in nowise altered.

We have already observed, that if the plate of metal be covered,
even with varnish, the particles will not descend or form upon it;
nevertheless, if some slight substance be not interposed, the depositing
particles adhere so firmly to it as to be inseparable, and it is upon
this property that one of the processes--that of engraving in relief on a
plate of copper--entirely depends for success. When a cast of an engraved
plate is required, the plate must be coated with bee’s-wax, mixed with
a little spirits of turpentine. It is laid on the plate in a lump and
melted, and when just cooling is wiped off, when, although apparently
clean, enough remains to interpose between the new and original plates,
and prevent a too strong cohesion. It is not necessary that the engraved
plate should be copper: it may be for instance lead or type metal, in
which case it need not be waxed, as the application of heat, expanding
the metals unequally, causes them at once to start asunder.

A piece of wire having been soldered to the back of the plate, its back
and edges should be covered with a double coat of thick varnish, or it
may be embedded in a box with plaster-of-Paris or Roman cement. This
precaution is necessary, to prevent the plate from being inclosed, and to
limit the deposition to a proper extent.

It may now be suspended in the apparatus, and the wires being placed in
contact, the operation begins. Particle by particle the new metal is
formed, until the plate is of sufficient thickness, when it is withdrawn,
and heat being applied, the two plates are separated, one being the exact
counterpart, in relief, of the other. Care must be taken in all cases to
change the solution of copper frequently, for by merely _adding_, the
separated particles of the sulphuric acid would accumulate to such extent
as to mar or injure the operation.

From the plate thus formed in relief, as many casts as may be required
can be obtained, by making it the mould.

To copy or multiply medals and coins the operation is very simple, for
a mould can be easily obtained by compressing the medal or coin between
two plates of milled sheet lead, and by varnishing the lead round the
impression, the deposit will be formed in the hollow only; and for
this purpose a very simple apparatus will suffice, and one that may be
very easily made. For the outer vessel an ordinary glass tumbler or
finger-bowl will answer; and for the inner, a cylindrical gas-glass,
having a bottom made of plaster-of-Paris. The solution of copper being
in the tumbler, and the acid with the zinc in the gas-glass, the mould
should be suspended by its conducting wire between the bottoms, the wire
of the zinc connected with it, and the operation will proceed. In all
cases it must be observed that the edge of the mould should be up, as, if
it be placed horizontally, extraneous substances, sinking by their own
weight, may be deposited upon it.

To produce a raised design upon a plate of copper, or as it is rather
erroneously styled, “Engraving in Relief,” the operation is thus
performed:--

The plate upon which the design is to be raised having had the conducting
wire soldered to it, is covered with a coat of wax about one-eighth of an
inch or less in thickness, and upon the surface of this coat the design
is drawn. With a graver, the end of which must be of the form of a thin
parallelogram, so as to make grooves in the wax equally broad at the
bottom as at the top, the lines of the drawing are to be carefully cut
down to the plate; care being taken that the plate is perfectly cleaned
throughout each line, and also that the grooves are not narrower at the
bottom than at the top. In order to lay the surface of the copper at
the bottom of the grooves perfectly bare, the plate must be immersed
in diluted nitric acid (three parts of water to one of acid), and the
particles of wax that may have escaped the graver are driven off by the
fumes of the acid. The plate is then placed in the apparatus, the circle
closed as before, and the operation commences. As the particles of copper
require a metallic base, they avoid the wax and seek the metal in the
grooves; they there attach themselves to it, and to each other, until the
hollows are quite filled up, when the plate is removed. If the surfaces
of the ridges thus built up be not perfectly smooth, a piece of pumice
stone or smooth flag, with water, being rubbed to them, will soon reduce
them, after which the wax can be melted and cleaned off with spirits of
turpentine; and so firm is this formation of metal thus raised, both in
the adherence of its particles to each other and to the original plate,
that it may be printed from at any ordinary printing-press.

One general remark applies to the production of electrotype copper,
and it is, that the strength and solidity of the formation depends
upon the slowness and deliberation of the process. The more slowly and
deliberately the particles separate from the solution and proceed to
their places, the more fitly they appear to take them up, and the more
firmly they adhere; whilst on the contrary, if the operation be hurried,
the metal is brittle, so much so as sometimes to powder under an ordinary
pressure. The thicker and finer the partition of plaster between the two
fluids, the more slightly are they connected, and consequently the slower
is the circulation of the electricity. The proper length of time to be
allowed for the process varies according to the nature of the work, and
the strength or solidity required. Forty-eight hours seems to be the
least time for forming a design in relief, and somewhat more than a week
for a plate with sunk lines.

The laws which govern matter are mysterious. The entire of this process
is so wonderful, that to descant upon it would be unnecessary; and, after
all, it is but another step taken upon the path of science, each advance
upon which, whilst disclosing new scenes and greater wonders, is only the
needful preliminary to another which will display yet more!

                                                                       N.




THE FIELD OF KUNNERSDORF.

(FROM THE GERMAN OF TIEDGE.)


    Day is exiled from the bowers of Twilight;
      Leaf and flower are drooping in the wood;
    And the stars, as on a dark-stained skylight,
      Glass their ancient glory in the flood.
    Let me here, where nightwinds through the yew sing,
      Where the moon is chary of her beams,
    Consecrate an hour to mournful musing
      Over Man and Man’s delirious dreams.
    Pines and yews! envelope me in deeper,
      Dunner shadow, sombre as the grave,
    While with moans, as of a troubled sleeper,
      Gloomily above my head ye wave!
    Let mine eye look down from hence on yonder
      Battle-plain, which Night in pity dulls--
    Let my sad imagination ponder
      Over Kunnersdorf,[1] that Place of Skulls!

    Dost thou re-illume these wastes, O Summer?
      Hast thou raised anew thy trampled bowers?
    Will the wild bee come again a hummer
      Here, within the houses of thy flowers?
    Can thy sunbeams light, thy mild rains water
      This Aceldema, this _human_ soil,
    Since that dark day of redundant slaughter
      When the blood of men flowed here like oil?
    Ah, yes! Nature, and Thou, God of Nature,
      Ye are ever bounteous!--Man alone,
    Man it is whose frenzies desolate your
      World, and make it in sad truth his own!

    Here saw Frederick fall his bravest warriors--
      Master of _thy_ World, thou wert too great!
    Heaven had need to stablish curbing-barriers
      ’Gainst thine inroads on the World of Fate!
    O, could all thy coronals of splendour
      Dupe thy memory of that ghastly day?
    Could the Muses, could the Graces[2] render
      Smooth and bright a corse-o’ercovered way?
    No! the accusing blood-gouts ever trickle
      Down each red leaf of thy chaplet-crown!
    Men fell here, as corn before the sickle,
      Fell, to aggrandise thy false renown!
    Here the veteran drooped beside the springald.
      Here sank Strength and Symmetry in line--
    Here crushed Hope and gasping Valour mingled,
      And, Destroyer, the wild work was thine!

    What and wherefore is this doom funereal?
      Whence this Tide of Being’s flow and ebb?
    Why rends Destiny the fine material
      Of Existence’s divinest web?
    Vainly ask we!--Dim age calls to dim age--
      Answer, save an echo, cometh none--
    _Here_ stands Man, of Life in Death an image,
      _There_, invisibly, The Living One!

    Storm-clouds lour and muster in the Distance--
      While, begirt with wrecks by sea and land,
    Time, upon the far shore of Existence,
      Counts each wavedrop swallowed by the sand.
    Generation chases generation,
      Downbowed by the same tremendous yoke--
    No cessation, and no explication--
      Birth--_Life_--Death;--the Stillness--_Flash_--and Smoke!

    Here, then, Frederick, formidable Sovereign!
      Here in presence of these whitened bones,
    Swear at length to cherish Peace, and govern
      So, that Men may learn to reverence Thrones!
    O! repudiate bloodbought fame, and hearken
      To the myriad witness-voicéd Dead,
    Ere the Sternness[3] shall lay down to darken
      In the Silentness[4] thy crownless head!
    Shudder at the dire phantasmagory
      Of the Slain who perished here by thee,
    And abhor all future wreaths of glory
      Gathered from the baleful cypress-tree!

    Lofty souls disdain or dread the laurel--
      _Hero_ is a poor exchange for _Man_;
    _Adders lurk in green spots_: such the moral
      Taught by History since her school began.
    Cæsar slain, the victim of his trophies,
      Bayazeed[5] expiring in his cage,
    All the Cæsars, all the sabre-Sophies,
      Preach the same sad homily each age.
    One drugged winecup dealt with Alexander,
      And his satraps scarce had shared afresh
    Half the empires of the World-Commander,
      Ere the charnel-worms had shared his flesh.

    Though the rill roll down from Life’s green mountain
      Bright through festal dells of youthful days,
    Soon the waters of that glancing fountain
      In the Vale of Years must moult its rays.
    There the pilgrim, on the bridge that, bounding
      Life’s domain, frontiers the wolds of Death,
    Startled, for the first time hears resounding
      From Eternity a Voice which saith--
    “ALL WHICH IS NOT PURE SHALL MELT AND WITHER--
      LO! THE DESOLATOR’S ARM IS BARE,
    AND WHERE MAN IS, TRUTH SHALL TRACE HIM THITHER,
      BE HE CURTAINED ROUND WITH GLOOM OR GLARE.”

    M.

[1] A village near Frankfort on the Oder, in which Frederick the Great
was defeated on the 12th August 1759, in one of the bloodiest battles of
modern times.

[2] An allusion to Frederick’s literary pursuits.

[3] Death.

[4] The Grave.

[5] Bajazet II.




FINE LADS.


We have a mortal aversion to fine lads. And, wherefore, pray? Why,
because in nine cases out of ten, if not positively in every case, they
are the dullest and most insipid of all human beings: they are good,
inoffensive creatures, certainly, but oh, they are dreadful bores! If
you doubt it, just you take an hour of a fine lad’s company, with nobody
present but yourselves. Shut yourself up in a room with him for that
space of time, and if you don’t ever after, as long as you live, stand
in dread and awe of the society of fine lads, you must be differently
constituted from other men, and amongst other rare gifts must possess
that of being bore-proof.

But, pray, what after all _is_ a fine lad? To the possession of what
quality or qualities is he indebted for this very amiable sort of
character?

Why, these are questions which, like many others, are much more easily
put than answered. But, speaking from our own knowledge and experience,
we should say that it is not the presence, but the absence--the entire
absence of every quality, good, bad, and indifferent, that constitutes
the fine lad; and hence his intolerable insipidity.

The fine lad is a blank, a cipher, a vacuum, a nonentity, a ring without
a circumference, a footless stocking without a leg. In disposition he
is neither sweet, sour, nor bitter; in temper, neither hot nor cold;
in spirit, neither merry nor sad. He is in fact, so far as any thing
positive can be said of him, a mere concentration of negatives. In person
he is neither long nor short, neither fat nor lean, neither stout nor
slender. There must in short be a total absence of all meaning, all
expression, all character, in the happy individual whom every body will
agree in calling a fine lad.

Between the fine lad and the world the matter stands thus: the latter
finding him destitute of all distinctive characteristics, is greatly at
a loss what to make of him. It cannot in conscience call him clever,
and it does not like to say he is an ass, so it good-naturedly calls
him a fine lad, taking shelter in the vagueness and indefiniteness of
the term, since nobody can say precisely what a fine lad really means.
Unlike most other reputations, that of the fine lad is wholly undisputed:
it is generally bestowed on him by universal consent--no dissentient
voice--every body agrees in calling him a fine lad. This is well, and
must be a source of great comfort and satisfaction to the fine lad
himself.

We have stated that nobody can say precisely what a fine lad really is,
and this is true, generally speaking. But there is notwithstanding some
degree of meaning attached to the term: it means, so far as it means any
thing, a soft, meek, simpering, unresisting creature, who will allow
himself to be kicked and cuffed about by any body and every body without
resenting it, and who will take quietly any given quantity of abuse you
choose to heap upon him. This we imagine to be the true reason why people
call him a fine lad, just because he offers them, whether right or wrong,
no resistance; hence it is too, we have no doubt, that he is so general a
favourite.

As most people have a great fancy for having as much of their own way as
possible, and as they find themselves much jostled and opposed in the
indulgence of this laudable propensity by those who are bent on having
the same enjoyment, they are delighted when they meet with one who
readily makes way for them, and reward his simplicity by clapping him on
the head, and calling him a fine lad.

The fine lad is a goose, poor fellow--no doubt of it--a decided goose,
but he cannot help that: it is no fault of his; he means well, and is
a most civil and obliging creature--all smiles and good nature. Being
in reality good for little or nothing, having no activity, no tact
whatever of any kind, the fine lad would in most cases be rather ill off
as regards his temporalities, but for his steadiness. He is generally
steady, and of sober and regular habits; and this, together with his
extremely civil demeanour and inoffensive disposition, helps him on, and
secures him in comfortable and respectable bread. You will thus for the
most part find the fine lad in a well-doing way--in a good situation
probably, and with every prospect of advancement. His employer likes
him for his integrity and docility. He confesses that he is by no means
clever, in fact that he is rather stupid; but, then, he is a fine lad.
This character he gives him to every body, and every body acknowledges
its justice, and calls him a fine lad too.

Fine lads are in great favour with the ladies, and no wonder, for
fine lads are remarkably attentive to them: they make the best of all
beaus. Thus it is that you are sure to find at least one fine lad at
every tea party you go to. You know him at once by his soft speech and
maiden-like smile, and by the readiness with which he undertakes, and
the quiet gentleness with which he performs, the task of handing about
the tea-bread, and discharging the other little duties of the occasion.
At all this sort of work the fine lad is unapproachable--it is his
element--here, if nowhere else, he shines resplendent. High in favour,
however, as fine lads are with the fair sex, we have sometimes thought
that there was fully more of esteem than admiration in the feeling with
which they contemplate his character. They like his society, and have at
all times their softest words and blandest smiles ready for him; but we
much doubt if he is just the sort of man they would choose for a husband.
We rather think not. We suspect they see in his nature something too much
akin to their own, to allow of their ever thinking of him in the light of
a protector.

The fine lad, however, _does_ get married sometimes, and in justice
to him, we are bound to say, always makes an excellent husband. He
is gentle, kind, and indulgent: for the fine lad generally remains,
in spirit at least, a fine lad to the last. So the ladies had better
take this into consideration, having our authority for so doing, and
henceforth look on fine lads with more seriousness than they have
hitherto done.

                                                                       C.

       *       *       *       *       *

FIDELITY.--This virtue is displayed in the fulfilment of promises,
whether expressed or implied, in the conscientious scrupulous discharge
of the duties of friendship, and in the keeping of secrets. It is
therefore a great virtue, and may be used as a decisive test of
character. He who has it is entitled to confidence and respect; he who
lacks it merits contempt. If a man carefully performs his promises,
may we not confide in him? If he violates them, must we not despise
him? If we find a person is true to friendship, we may be sure that he
has just perceptions of virtue. If we find one who betrays a friend,
or who is guilty of any species of treachery, we cannot doubt that he
is essentially base and corrupt. To those who cannot keep a secret,
we commend an anecdote of Charles II. of England, which ought to be
engraved upon the heart of every man. When importuned to communicate
something of a private nature, the subtle monarch said, “Can you keep
a secret?” “Most faithfully,” returned the nobleman. “So can I,” was
the laconic and severe answer of the king. Let parents, who desire that
their children should possess the respect of the community and enjoy
the pleasures of friendship, take care to imbue them with fidelity of
character.--_Fireside Education, by S. G. Goodrich._

       *       *       *       *       *

ANECDOTE.--“Guzzling Pete,” a half-witted country wight, and the town’s
jest, came home one rainy Saturday night so “darkly, deeply, beautifully
_blue_,” that he went to bed with his hat and boots on, and his old
cotton umbrella under his arm. He got up about two o’clock the next
afternoon, drunk with last night, and took his way to the meeting-house.
Rev. Dr B---- was at his “17thly” in the second of six divisions of a
very comprehensive body of Hopkinsian divinity, when “Guzzling Pete”
entered the church with an egg in each hand. He saw as through a glass
darkly, and with evident commiseration, a man in black, very red in
the face, for the day was oppressively warm, who seemed to utter
something with a great deal of vehemence, while a considerable number
of those underneath him were fast asleep--among them Deacon C----,
with his shiny-bald head leaning against the wall. Pete, unobserved by
the minister, balanced his egg, and with tolerable aim plastered its
contents directly above the deacon’s pate! Hearing the concussion, the
worthy divine paused in his discourse, and looked daggers at the maudlin
visitor. “Never mind, uncle,” exclaimed the intruder: “jest you go on
a-talkin’--_I’ll keep ’em awake for you!_” By this time the congregation
were thoroughly aroused. “Mr L----,” said the reverend pastor, with a
seeming charity, which in his mortification he could scarcely have felt,
and addressing a “tiding-man” near the door, “Mr L----, won’t you have
the kindness to remove that poor creature from the aisle? I fear that he
is sick.” “_Sick!_” stammered our qualmish hero, as he began to confirm
the fears of the clergyman by very active symptoms; “_s-i-c-k!_--yes, and
it’s enough to make a _dog_ sick to sit under such stupid preachin’ as
your’n: it’s more’n I can _stand_ under! Yes, take me out--the quicker
the better!”

       *       *       *       *       *

THE ASS.--The ass performs so many useful duties besides his _choragic_
functions in our community, that he cannot be respectfully omitted. He is
called a bad vocalist, though some amateurs prefer him to the mule; but
he is perhaps underrated. There are many notes which alone are shocking
to the ear, that have in concert an agreeable harmony. The gabble of the
goose is not unpleasant in the orchestra of the barn-yard, and there are
many instances, no doubt, in which braying would improve harmony. If
one looks close into nature, he will find nothing, not even the gargle
of the frog-pond, created in vain. At Musard’s they often improve the
spirit of a gallopade by the sudden clank and crash of a chain upon a
hollow platform, with now and then a scream like the war-whoop of the
Seminoles. What the Italians understand, and what most other nations do
not, is the harmonious composition of discordant sounds. If a general
concert of nature could be formed, the crow as well as the nightingale
would be necessary to the perfect symphony; and it is likely even the
file and hand-saw might be made to discourse excellent music. But even in
a solo, the ass, according to Coleridge, has his merits. He has certainly
the merit of execution. He commences with a few prelusive notes, gently,
as if essaying his organs, rising in a progressive swell to enthusiasm,
and then gradually dies away to a pathetic close; an exact prototype of
the best German and Italian compositions, and a living sanction of the
genuine and authentic instructions of the Academie de Musique.

       *       *       *       *       *

    Printed and published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, at
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