Transcribed from the 1891 Chatto & Windus edition by David Price, email
ccx074@pglaf.org





                         CITATION AND EXAMINATION
                                    OF
                            William Shakspeare


                     EUSEBY TREEN JOSEPH CARNABY AND
                            SILAS GOUGH CLERK

                          BEFORE THE WORSHIPFUL

                          SIR THOMAS LUCY KNIGHT

                          TOUCHING DEER-STEELING

      _On the Nineteenth Day of September in the Year of Grace 1582_

                 NOW FIRST PUBLISHED FROM ORIGINAL PAPERS

                            TO WHICH IS ADDED

                  A Conference of Master Edmund Spenser
                           A GENTLEMAN OF NOTE
                                   WITH
                            THE EARL OF ESSEX
                 TOUCHING THE STATE OF IRELAND A.D. 1595

                                    BY
                           WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR

                                  London
                       CHATTO & WINDUS, PICCADILLY
                                   1891




EDITOR’S PREFACE.


    “IT was an ancestor of my husband who _brought out_ the famous
    Shakspeare.”

These words were really spoken, and were repeated in conversation as most
ridiculous.  Certainly such was very far from the lady’s intention; and
who knows to what extent they are true?

The frolic of Shakspeare in deer-stealing was the cause of his _Hegira_;
and his connection with players in London was the cause of his writing
plays.  Had he remained in his native town, his ambition had never been
excited by the applause of the intellectual, the popular, and the
powerful, which, after all, was hardly sufficient to excite it.  He wrote
from the same motive as he acted,—to earn his daily bread.  He felt his
own powers; but he cared little for making them felt by others more than
served his wants.

The malignant may doubt, or pretend to doubt, the authenticity of the
_Examination_ here published.  Let us, who are not malignant, be cautious
of adding anything to the noisome mass of incredulity that surrounds us;
let us avoid the crying sin of our age, in which the “Memoirs of a Parish
Clerk,” edited as they were by a pious and learned dignitary of the
Established Church, are questioned in regard to their genuineness; and
even the privileges of Parliament are inadequate to cover from the
foulest imputation—the imputation of having exercised his inventive
faculties—the elegant and accomplished editor of Eugene Aram’s
apprehension, trial, and defence.

Indeed, there is little of real history, excepting in romances.  Some of
these are strictly true to nature; while histories in general give a
distorted view of her, and rarely a faithful record either of momentous
or of common events.

Examinations taken from the mouth are surely the most trustworthy.
Whoever doubts it may be convinced by Ephraim Barnett.

The Editor is confident he can give no offence to any person who may
happen to bear the name of Lucy.  The family of Sir Thomas became extinct
nearly half a century ago, and the estates descended to the Rev. Mr. John
Hammond, of Jesus College, in Oxford, a respectable Welsh curate, between
whom and him there existed at his birth eighteen prior claimants.  He
took the name of Lucy.

The reader will form to himself, from this “Examination of Shakspeare,”
more favourable opinion of Sir Thomas than is left upon his mind by the
dramatist in the character of Justice Shallow.  The knight, indeed, is
here exhibited in all his pride of birth and station, in all his pride of
theologian and poet; he is led by the nose, while he believes that nobody
can move him, and shows some other weaknesses, which the least attentive
observer will discover; but he is not without a little kindness at the
bottom of the heart,—a heart too contracted to hold much, or to let what
it holds ebulliate very freely.  But, upon the whole, we neither can
utterly hate nor utterly despise him.  Ungainly as he is.—

                           Circum præcordia ludit.

The author of the “Imaginary Conversations” seems, in his “Boccacio and
Petrarca,” to have taken his idea of _Sir Magnus_ from this manuscript.
He, however, has adapted that character to the times; and in _Sir Magnus_
the coward rises to the courageous, the unskilful in arms becomes the
skilful, and war is to him a teacher of humanity.  With much
superstition, theology never molests him; scholarship and poetry are no
affairs of his.  He doubts of himself and others, and is as suspicious in
his ignorance as Sir Thomas is confident.

With these wide diversities, there are family features, such as are
likely to display themselves in different times and circumstances, and
some so generically prevalent as never to lie quite dormant in the breed.
In both of them there is parsimony, there is arrogance, there is contempt
of inferiors, there is abject awe of power, there is irresolution, there
is imbecility.  But Sir Magnus has no knowledge, and no respect for it.
Sir Thomas would almost go thirty miles, even to Oxford, to see a fine
specimen of it, although, like most of those who call themselves the
godly, he entertains the most undoubting belief that he is competent to
correct the errors of the wisest and most practised theologian.




EDITOR’S APOLOGY.


A PART only of the many deficiencies which the reader will discover in
this book is attributable to the Editor.  These, however, it is his duty
to account for, and he will do it as briefly as he can.

The _fac-similes_ (as printers’ boys call them, meaning _specimens_) of
the handwriting of nearly all the persons introduced, might perhaps have
been procured had sufficient time been allowed for another journey into
Warwickshire.  That of Shakspeare is known already in the signature to
his will, but deformed by sickness; that of Sir Thomas Lucy is extant at
the bottom of a commitment of a female vagrant, for having a sucking
child in her arms on the public road; that of Silas Gough is affixed to
the register of births and marriages, during several years, in the
parishes of Hampton Lucy and Charlecote, and certifies one death,—Euseby
Treen’s; surmised, at least, to be his by the letters “E. T.” cut on a
bench seven inches thick, under an old pollard-oak outside the park
paling of Charlecote, toward the northeast.  For this discovery the
Editor is indebted to a most respectable, intelligent farmer in the
adjoining parish of Wasperton, in which parish Treen’s elder brother lies
buried.  The worthy farmer is unwilling to accept the large portion of
fame justly due to him for the services he has thus rendered to
literature in elucidating the history of Shakspeare and his times.  In
possession of another agricultural gentleman there was recently a very
curious piece of iron, believed by many celebrated antiquaries to have
constituted a part of a knight’s breast-plate.  It was purchased for two
hundred pounds by the trustees of the British Museum, among whom, the
reader will be grieved to hear, it produced dissension and coldness;
several of them being of opinion that it was merely a gorget, while
others were inclined to the belief that it was the forepart of a
horse-shoe.  The Committee of Taste and the Heads of the Archæological
Society were consulted.  These learned, dispassionate, and benevolent men
had the satisfaction of conciliating the parties at variance,—each having
yielded somewhat and every member signing, and affixing his seal to the
signature, that, if indeed it be the forepart of a horse-shoe, it was
probably Ismael’s,—there being a curved indentation along it, resembling
the first letter of his name, and there being no certainty or record that
he died in France, or was left in that country by Sir Magnus.

The Editor is unable to render adequate thanks to the Rev. Stephen
Turnover for the gratification he received in his curious library by a
sight of Joseph Carnaby’s name at full length, in red ink, coming from a
trumpet in the mouth of an angel.  This invaluable document is upon an
engraving in a frontispiece to the New Testament.  But since unhappily he
could procure no signature of Hannah Hathaway, nor of her mother, and
only a questionable one of Mr. John Shakspeare, the poet’s father,—there
being two, in two very different hands,—both he and the publisher were of
opinion that the graphical part of the volume would be justly censured as
extremely incomplete, and that what we could give would only raise
inextinguishable regret for that which we could not.  On this reflection
all have been omitted.

The Editor is unwilling to affix any mark of disapprobation on the very
clever engraver who undertook the sorrel mare; but as in the memorable
words of that ingenious gentleman from Ireland whose polished and
elaborate epigrams raised him justly to the rank of prime minister,—

                      “White was not _so very_ white,”—

in like manner it appeared to nearly all the artists he consulted that
the sorrel mare was not _so sorrel_ in print.

There is another and a graver reason why the Editor was induced to reject
the contribution of his friend the engraver; and this is, a neglect of
the late improvements in his art, he having, unadvisedly or
thoughtlessly, drawn in the old-fashioned manner lines at the two sides
and at the top and bottom of his print, confining it to such limits as
paintings are confined in by their frames.  Our spirited engravers, it is
well-known, disdain this thraldom, and not only give unbounded space to
their scenery, but also melt their figures in the air,—so advantageously,
that, for the most part, they approach the condition of cherubs.  This is
the true aërial perspective, so little understood heretofore.  Trees,
castles, rivers, volcanoes, oceans, float together in absolute vacancy;
the solid earth is represented, what we know it actually is, buoyant as a
bubble, so that no wonder if every horse is endued with all the
privileges of Pegasus, save and except our sorrel.  Malicious carpers,
insensible or invidious of England’s glory, deny her in this beautiful
practice the merit of invention, assigning it to the Chinese in their
tea-cups and saucers; but if not absolutely new and ours, it must be
acknowledged that we have greatly improved and extended the invention.

Such are the reasons why the little volume here laid before the public is
defective in those decorations which the exalted state of literature
demands.  Something of compensation is supplied by a Memorandum of
Ephraim Barnett, written upon the inner cover, and printed below.

The Editor, it will be perceived, is but little practised in the ways of
literature; much less is he gifted with that prophetic spirit which can
anticipate the judgment of the public.  It may be that he is too idle or
too apathetic to think anxiously or much about the matter; and yet he has
been amused, in his earlier days, at watching the first appearance of
such few books as he believed to be the production of some powerful
intellect.  He has seen people slowly rise up to them, like carp in a
pond when food is thrown into it; some of which carp snatch suddenly at a
morsel, and swallow it; others touch it gently with their barb, pass
deliberately by, and leave it; others wriggle and rub against it more
disdainfully; others, in sober truth, know not what to make of it, swim
round and round it, eye it on the sunny side, eye it on the shady,
approach it, question it, shoulder it, flap it with the tail, turn it
over, look askance at it, take a pea-shell or a worm instead of it, and
plunge again their heads into the comfortable mud.  After some seasons
the same food will suit their stomachs better.




EXAMINATION,
ETC., ETC.


ABOUT one hour before noontide the youth WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, accused of
deer-stealing, and apprehended for that offence, was brought into the
great hall at Charlecote, where, having made his obeisance, it was most
graciously permitted him to stand.

The worshipful Sir Thomas Lucy, Knight, seeing him right opposite, on the
farther side of the long table, and fearing no disadvantage, did frown
upon him with great dignity; then, deigning ne’er a word to the culprit,
turned he his face toward his chaplain, Sir Silas Gough, who stood beside
him, and said unto him most courteously, and unlike unto one who in his
own right commandeth,—

“Stand out of the way!  What are those two varlets bringing into the
room?”

“The table, sir,” replied Master Silas, “upon the which the consumption
of the venison was perpetrated.”

The youth, William Shakspeare, did thereupon pray and beseech his
lordship most fervently, in this guise:—

“Oh, sir! do not let him turn the tables against me, who am only a simple
stripling, and he an old codger.”

But Master Silas did bite his nether lip, and did cry aloud,—

“Look upon those deadly spots!”

And his worship did look thereupon most staidly, and did say in the ear
of Master Silas, but in such wise that it reached even unto mine,

“Good honest chandlery, methinks!”

“God grant it may turn out so!” ejaculated Master Silas.

The youth, hearing these words, said unto him,—

“I fear, Master Silas, gentry like you often pray God to grant what _he_
would rather not; and now and then what _you_ would rather not.”

Sir Silas was wroth at this rudeness of speech about God in the face of a
preacher, and said, reprovingly,—

“Out upon thy foul mouth, knave! upon which lie slaughter and venison.”

Whereupon did William Shakspeare sit mute awhile, and discomfited; then
turning toward Sir Thomas, and looking and speaking as one submiss and
contrite, he thus appealed unto him:—

“Worshipful sir! were there any signs of venison on my mouth, Master
Silas could not for his life cry out upon it, nor help kissing it as
’twere a wench’s.”

Sir Thomas looked upon him with most lordly gravity and wisdom, and said
unto him, in a voice that might have come from the bench:

“Youth, thou speakest irreverently;” and then unto Master Silas: “Silas!
to the business on hand.  Taste the fat upon yon boor’s table, which the
constable hath brought hither, good Master Silas!  And declare upon oath,
being sworn in my presence, first, whether said fat do proceed of
venison; secondly, whether said venison be of buck or doe.”

Whereupon the reverend Sir Silas did go incontinently, and did bend
forward his head, shoulders, and body, and did severally taste four white
solid substances upon an oaken board; said board being about two yards
long, and one yard four inches wide,—found in, and brought thither from,
the tenement or messuage of Andrew Haggit, who hath absconded.  Of these
four white solid substances, two were somewhat larger than a groat, and
thicker; one about the size of King Henry the Eighth’s shilling, when our
late sovereign lord of blessed memory was toward the lustiest; and the
other, that is to say the middlemost, did resemble in some sort, a
mushroom, not over fresh, turned upward on its stalk.

“And what sayest thou, Master Silas?” quoth the knight.

In reply whereunto Sir Silas thus averred:—

   “Venison! o’ my conscience!
   Buck! or burn me alive!

The three splashes in the circumference are verily and indeed venison;
buck, moreover,—and Charlecote buck, upon my oath!”

Then carefully tasting the protuberance in the centre, he spat it out,
crying,—

“_Pho_! _pho_! _villain_! _villain_!” and shaking his fist at the
culprit.

Whereat the said culprit smiled and winked, and said off-hand,—

“Save thy spittle, Silas!  It would supply a gaudy mess to the hungriest
litter; but it would turn them from whelps into wolvets.  ’T is pity to
throw the best of thee away.  Nothing comes out of thy mouth that is not
savoury and solid, bating thy wit, thy sermons, and thy promises.”

It was my duty to write down the very words, irreverent as they are,
being so commanded.  More of the like, it is to be feared, would have
ensued, but that Sir Thomas did check him, saying, shrewdly,—

“Young man!  I perceive that if I do not stop thee in thy courses, thy
name, being involved in thy company’s, may one day or other reach across
the county; and folks may handle it and turn it about, as it deserveth,
from Coleshill to Nuneaton, from Bromwicham to Brownsover.  And who
knoweth but that, years after thy death, the very house wherein thou wert
born may be pointed at, and commented on, by knots of people, gentle and
simple!  What a shame for an honest man’s son!  Thanks to me, who
consider of measures to prevent it!  Posterity shall laud and glorify me
for plucking thee clean out of her head, and for picking up timely a
ticklish skittle, that might overthrow with it a power of others just as
light.  I will rid the hundred of thee, with God’s blessing!—nay, the
whole shire.  We will have none such in our county; we justices are
agreed upon it, and we will keep our word now and forevermore.  Woe
betide any that resembles thee in any part of him!”

Whereunto Sir Silas added,—

“We will dog him, and worry him, and haunt him, and bedevil him; and if
ever he hear a comfortable word, it shall be in a language very different
from his own.”

“As different as thine is from a Christian’s,” said the youth.

“Boy! thou art slow of apprehension,” said Sir Thomas, with much gravity;
and taking up the cue, did rejoin,—

“Master Silas would impress upon thy ductile and tender mind the danger
of evil doing; that we, in other words that justice is resolved to follow
him up, even beyond his country, where he shall hear nothing better than
the Italian or the Spanish, or the black language, or the language of
Turk or Troubadour, or Tartar or Mongol.  And, forsooth, for this gentle
and indirect reproof, a gentleman in priest’s orders is told by a
stripling that he lacketh Christianity!  Who then shall give it?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Who, indeed? when the founder of the feast leaveth an invited guest so
empty!  Yea, sir, the guest was invited, and the board was spread.  The
fruits that lay upon it be there still, and fresh as ever; and the bread
of life in those capacious canisters is unconsumed and unbroken.”

                           SIR SILAS (_aside_).

“The knave maketh me hungry with his mischievous similitudes.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Thou hast aggravated thy offence, Wil Shakspeare!  Irreverent caitiff!
is this a discourse for my chaplain and clerk?  Can he or the worthy
scribe Ephraim (his worship was pleased to call me worthy) write down
such words as those, about litter and wolvets, for the perusal and
meditation of the grand jury?  If the whole corporation of Stratford had
not unanimously given it against thee, still his tongue would catch thee,
as the evet catcheth a gnat.  Know, sirrah, the reverend Sir Silas,
albeit ill appointed for riding, and not over-fond of it, goeth to every
house wherein is a venison feast for thirty miles round.  Not a buck’s
hoof on any stable-door but it awakeneth his recollections like a red
letter.”

This wholesome reproof did bring the youth back again to his right
senses; and then said he, with contrition, and with a wisdom beyond his
years, and little to be expected from one who had spoken just before so
unadvisedly and rashly,—

“Well do I know it, your worship!  And verily do I believe that a bone of
one being shovelled among the soil upon his coffin would forthwith
quicken {8a} him.  Sooth to say, there is ne’er a buckhound in the county
but he treateth him as a godchild, patting him on the head, soothing his
velvety ear between thumb and forefinger, ejecting tick from tenement,
calling him ‘fine fellow,’ ‘noble lad,’ and giving him his blessing, as
one dearer to him than a king’s debt to a debtor, {8b} or a bastard to a
dad of eighty.  This is the only kindness I ever heard of Master Silas
toward his fellow-creatures.  Never hold me unjust, Sir Knight, to Master
Silas.  Could I learn other good of him, I would freely say it; for we do
good by speaking it, and none is easier.  Even bad men are not bad men
while they praise the just.  Their first step backward is more
troublesome and wrenching to them than the first forward.”

“In God’s name, where did he gather all this?” whispered his worship to
the chaplain, by whose side I was sitting.  “Why, he talks like a man of
forty-seven, or more!”

“I doubt his sincerity, sir!” replied the chaplain.  “His words are
fairer now—”

“Devil choke him for them!” interjected he, with an undervoice.

“—and almost book-worthy; but out of place.  What the scurvy cur yelped
against me, I forgive him as a Christian.  Murrain upon such varlet
vermin!  It is but of late years that dignities have come to be reviled.
The other parts of the Gospel were broken long before,—this was left us;
and now this likewise is to be kicked out of doors, amid the mutterings
of such mooncalves as him yonder.”

“Too true, Silas!” said the knight, sighing deeply.  “Things are not as
they were in our glorious wars of York and Lancaster.  The knaves were
thinned then,—two or three crops a year of that rank squitch-grass which
it has become the fashion of late to call the people.  There was some
difference then between buff doublets and iron mail, and the rogues felt
it.  Well-a-day! we must bear what God willeth, and never repine,
although it gives a man the heart-ache.  We are bound in duty to keep
these things for the closet, and to tell God of them only when we call
upon his holy name, and have him quite by ourselves.”

Sir Silas looked discontented and impatient, and said, snappishly,—

“Cast we off here, or we shall be at fault.  Start him, sir!—prithee,
start him.”

Again his worship, Sir Thomas, did look gravely and grandly, and taking a
scrap of paper out of the Holy Book then lying before him, did read
distinctly these words:—

“Providence hath sent Master Silas back hither, this morning, to confound
thee in thy guilt.”

Again, with all the courage and composure of an innocent man, and indeed
with more than what an innocent man ought to possess in the presence of a
magistrate, the youngster said, pointing toward Master Silas,—

“The first moment he ventureth to lift up his visage from the table, hath
Providence marked him miraculously.  I have heard of black malice.  How
many of our words have more in them than we think of!  Give a countryman
a plough of silver, and he will plough with it all the season, and never
know its substance.  ’T is thus with our daily speech.  What riches lie
hidden in the vulgar tongue of the poorest and most ignorant!  What
flowers of Paradise lie under our feet, with their beauties and parts
undistinguished and undiscerned, from having been daily trodden on!  O,
sir, look you!—but let me cover my eyes!  Look at his lips!  Gracious
Heaven! they were not thus when he entered.  They are blacker now than
Harry Tewe’s bull-bitch’s!”

Master Silas did lift up his eyes in astonishment and wrath; and his
worship, Sir Thomas, did open his wider and wider, and cried by fits and
starts:—

“Gramercy! true enough! nay, afore God, too true by half!  I never saw
the like!  Who would believe it?  I wish I were fairly rid of this
examination,—my hands washed clean thereof!  Another time,—anon!  We have
our quarterly sessions; we are many together.  At present I remand—”

And now, indeed, unless Sir Silas had taken his worship by the sleeve, he
would may-hap have remanded the lad.  But Sir Silas, still holding the
sleeve and shaking it, said, hurriedly,—

“Let me entreat your worship to ponder.  What black does the fellow talk
of?  My blood and bile rose up against the rogue; but surely I did not
turn black in the face, or in the mouth, as the fellow calls it?”

Whether Master Silas had some suspicion and inkling of the cause or not,
he rubbed his right hand along his face and lips, and, looking upon it,
cried aloud,—

“Ho, ho! is it off?  There is some upon my finger’s end, I find.  Now I
have it,—ay, there it is.  That large splash upon the centre of the table
is tallow, by my salvation!  The profligates sat up until the candle
burned out, and the last of it ran through the socket upon the board.  We
knew it before.  I did convey into my mouth both fat and smut!”

“Many of your cloth and kidney do that, good Master Silas, and make no
wry faces about it,” quoth the youngster, with indiscreet merriment,
although short of laughter, as became him who had already stepped too far
and reached the mire.

To save paper and time, I shall now, for the most part, write only what
they all said, not saying that they said it, and just copying out in my
clearest hand what fell respectively from their mouths.

                                SIR SILAS.

“I did indeed spit it forth, and emunge my lips, as who should not?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Would it were so!”

                                SIR SILAS.

“_Would it were so_! in thy teeth, hypocrite!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“And, truly, I likewise do incline to hope and credit it, as thus
paraphrased and expounded.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Wait until this blessed day next year, sir, at the same hour.  You shall
see it forth again at its due season; it would be no miracle if it
lasted.  Spittle may cure sore eyes, but not blasted mouths and scald
consciences.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Why! who taught thee all this?”

Then turned he leisurely toward Sir Silas, and placing his hand
outspreaden upon the arm of the chaplain, said unto him in a low,
judicial, hollow voice,—

“Every word true and solemn!  I have heard less wise saws from between
black covers.”

Sir Silas was indignant at this under-rating, as he appeared to think it,
of the church and its ministry, and answered impatiently, with Christian
freedom,—

“Your worship surely will not listen to this wild wizard in his
brothel-pulpit!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Do I live to hear Charlecote Hall called a brothel-pulpit?  Alas, then,
I have lived too long!”

                                SIR SILAS.

“We will try to amend that for thee.”

William seemed not to hear him, loudly as he spake and pointedly unto the
youngster, who wiped his eyes, crying,—

“Commit me, sir! in mercy commit me!  Master Ephraim!  Oh, Master
Ephraim!  A guiltless man may feel all the pangs of the guilty!  Is it
you who are to make out the commitment?  Dispatch! dispatch.  I am
a-weary of my life.  If I dared to lie, I would plead guilty.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Heyday!  No wonder, Master Ephraim, thy entrails are moved and wamble.
Dost weep, lad?  Nay, nay; thou bearest up bravely.  Silas, I now find,
although the example come before me from humble life, that what my mother
said was true—’t was upon my father’s demise—‘In great grief there are
few tears.’”

Upon which did the youth, Willy Shakspeare, jog himself by the memory,
and repeat these short verses, not wide from the same purport:

   “There are, alas, some depths of woe
   Too vast for tears to overflow.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Let those who are sadly vexed in spirit mind that notion, whoever
indited it, and be men.  I always was; but some little griefs have
pinched me woundily.”

Master Silas grew impatient, for he had ridden hard that morning, and had
no cushion upon his seat, as Sir Thomas had.  I have seen in my time that
he who is seated on beech-wood hath very different thoughts and
moralities from him who is seated on goose-feathers under doe-skin.  But
that is neither here nor there, albeit, an’ I die, as I must, my heirs,
Judith and her boy Elijah, may note it.

Master Silas, as above, looked sourishly, and cried aloud,—

“The witnesses! the witnesses! testimony! testimony!  We shall now see
whose black goes deepest.  There is a fork to be had that can hold the
slipperiest eel, and a finger that can strip the slimiest.  I cry your
worship to the witnesses.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Ay, indeed, we are losing the day; it wastes toward noon, and nothing
done.  Call the witnesses.  How are they called by name?  Give me the
paper.”

The paper being forthwith delivered into his worship’s hand by the
learned clerk, his worship did read aloud the name of Euseby Treen.
Whereupon did Euseby Treen come forth through the great hall-door which
was ajar, and answer most audibly,—

“Your worship!”

Straightway did Sir Thomas read aloud, in like form and manner, the name
of Joseph Carnaby; and in like manner as aforesaid did Joseph Carnaby
make answer and say,—

“Your worship!”

Lastly did Sir Thomas turn the light of his countenance on William
Shakspeare, saying,—

“Thou seest these good men deponents against thee, William Shakspeare.”
And then did Sir Thomas pause.  And pending this pause did William
Shakspeare look steadfastly in the faces of both; and stroking down his
own with the hollow of his hand from the jaw-bone to the chin-point, said
unto his honour,—

“Faith! it would give me much pleasure, and the neighbourhood much
vantage, to see these two fellows good men.  Joseph Carnaby and Euseby
Treen!  Why! your worship! they know every hare’s form in
Luddington-field better than their own beds, and as well pretty nigh as
any wench’s in the parish.”

Then turned he with jocular scoff unto Joseph Carnaby, thus accosting
him, whom his shirt, being made stiffer than usual for the occasion,
rubbed and frayed,—

“Ay, Joseph! smoothen and soothe thy collar-piece again and again!  Hark
ye!  I know what smock that was knavishly cut from.”

Master Silas rose up in high choler, and said unto Sir Thomas,—

“Sir! do not listen to that lewd reviler; I wager ten groats I prove him
to be wrong in his scent.  Joseph Carnaby is righteous and discreet.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“By daylight and before the parson.  Bears and boars are tame creatures,
and discreet, in the sunshine and after dinner.”

                              EUSEBY TREEN.

“I do know his down-goings and uprisings.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“The man and his wife are one, saith holy Scripture.”

                              EUSEBY TREEN.

“A sober-paced and rigid man, if such there be.  Few keep Lent like unto
him.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I warrant him, both lent and stolen.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Peace and silence!  Now, Joseph Carnaby, do thou depose on particulars.”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“May it please your worship!  I was returning from Hampton upon
Allhallowmas eve, between the hours of ten and eleven at night, in
company with Master Euseby Treen; and when we came to the bottom of
Mickle Meadow, we heard several men in discourse.  I plucked Euseby Treen
by the doublet, and whispered in his ear, ‘Euseby! Euseby! let us slink
along in the shadow of the elms and willows.’”

                              EUSEBY TREEN.

“_Willows and elm-trees_ were the words.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“See, your worship! what discordances!  They cannot agree in their own
story.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“The same thing, the same thing, in the main.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“By less differences than this estates have been lost, hearts broken, and
England, our country, filled with homeless, helpless, destitute orphans.
I protest against it.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Protest, indeed!  He talks as if he were a member of the House of Lords.
They alone can protest.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Your attorney may _object_, not _protest_, before the lord judge.

“Proceed you, Joseph Carnaby.”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“In the shadow of the willows and elm-trees, then—”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“No hints, no conspiracies!  Keep to your own story, man, and do not
borrow his.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“I overrule the objection.  Nothing can be more futile and frivolous.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“So learned a magistrate as your worship will surely do me justice by
hearing me attentively.  I am young; nevertheless, having more than one
year written in the office of an attorney, and having heard and listened
to many discourses and questions on law, I cannot but remember the heavy
fine inflicted on a gentleman of this county who committed a poor man to
prison for being in possession of a hare, it being proved that the hare
was in his possession, and not he in the hare’s.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Synonymous term! synonymous term!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“In what term sayest thou was it?  I do not remember the case.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Mere quibble mere equivocation!  Jesuitical!  Jesuitical!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“It would be Jesuitical, Sir Silas, if it dragged the law by its
perversions to the side of oppression and cruelty.  The order of Jesuits,
I fear, is as numerous as its tenets are lax and comprehensive.  I am
sorry to see their frocks flounced with English serge.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“I don’t understand thee, viper!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Cease thou, Will Shakspeare!  Know thy place.  And do thou, Joseph
Carnaby, take up again the thread of thy testimony.”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“We were still at some distance from the party, when on a sudden Euseby
hung an —” {21a}

                               SIR THOMAS.

“As well write _drew back_, Master Ephraim and Master Silas!  Be
circumspecter in speech, Master Joseph Carnaby!  I did not look for such
rude phrases from that starch-warehouse under thy chin.  Continue, man!”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“‘Euseby,’ said I in his ear, ‘what ails thee, Euseby?’  ‘I wag no
farther,’ quoth he.  ‘What a number of names and voices!’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Dreadful gang! a number of names and voices!  Had it been any other day
in the year but Allhallowmas eve!  To steal a buck upon such a day!
Well!  God may pardon even that.  Go on, go on.  But the laws of our
country must have their satisfaction and atonement.  Were it upon any
other day in the calendar less holy, the buck were nothing, or next to
nothing, saving the law and our conscience and our good report.  Yet we,
her Majesty’s justices, must stand in the gap, body and soul, against
evil-doers.  Now do thou, in furtherance of this business, give thine aid
unto us, Joseph Carnaby!—remembering that mine eye from this
judgment-seat, and her Majesty’s bright and glorious one overlooking the
whole realm, and the broader of God above, are upon thee.”

Carnaby did quail a matter at these words about the judgment-seat and the
broad eye, aptly and gravely delivered by him moreover who hath to
administer truth and righteousness in our ancient and venerable laws, and
especially, at the present juncture, in those against park-breaking and
deer-stealing.  But finally, nought discomfited, and putting his hand
valiantly atwixt hip and midriff, so that his elbow well-nigh touched the
taller pen in the ink-pot, he went on.

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“‘_In the shadow of the willows and elm-trees_,’ said he, ‘_and get
nearer_.’  We were still at some distance, maybe a score of furlongs,
from the party—”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Thou hast said it already—all save the score of furlongs.”

“Hast room for them, Master Silas?”

“Yea,” quoth Master Silas, “and would make room for fifty, to let the
fellow swing at his ease.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Hast room, Master Ephraim?”

“’T is done, most worshipful!” said I.  The learned knight did not
recollect that I could put fifty furlongs in a needle’s eye, give me pen
fine enough.

But far be it from me to vaunt of my penmanship, although there be those
who do malign it, even in my own township and parish; yet they never have
unperched me from my calling, and have had hard work to take an idle
wench or two from under me on Saturday nights.

I memorize thus much, not out of any malice or any soreness about me, but
that those of my kindred into whose hands it please God these papers do
fall hereafter, may bear up stoutly in such straits; and if they be good
at the cudgel, that they, looking first at their man, do give it him
heartily and unsparingly, keeping within law.

Sir Thomas, having overlooked what we had written, and meditated a while
thereupon, said unto Joseph,—

“It appeareth by thy testimony that there was a huge and desperate gang
of them afoot.  Revengeful dogs! it is difficult to deal with them.  The
laws forbid precipitancy and violence.  A dozen or two may return and
harm me; not me, indeed, but my tenants and servants.  I would fain act
with prudence, and like unto him who looketh abroad.  He must tie his
shoe tightly who passeth through mire; he must step softly who steppeth
over stones; he must walk in the fear of the Lord (which, without a brag,
I do at this present feel upon me), who hopeth to reach the end of the
straightest road in safety.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Tut, tut! your worship!  Her Majesty’s deputy hath matchlocks and
halters at a knight’s disposal, or the world were topsyturvy indeed.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“My mental ejaculations, and an influx of grace thereupon, have shaken
and washed from my brain all thy last words, good Joseph!  Thy companion
here, Euseby Treen, said unto thee—ay—”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“Said unto me, ‘What a number of names and voices!  And there be but
three living men in all!  And look again!  Christ deliver us! all the
shadows save one go leftward; that one lieth right upon the river.  It
seemeth a big, squat monster, shaking a little, as one ready to spring
upon its prey!’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“A dead man in his last agonies, no doubt!  Your deer-stealer doth boggle
at nothing.  He hath alway the knife in doublet and the devil at elbow.

“I wot not of any keeper killed or missing.  To lose one’s deer and
keeper too were overmuch.

“Do, in God’s merciful name, hand unto me a glass of sack, Master Silas!
I wax faintish at the big, squat man.  He hath harmed not only me, but
mine.  Furthermore, the examination is grown so long.”

Then was the wine delivered by Sir Silas into the hand of his worship,
who drank it off in a beaker of about half a pint,—but little to his
satisfaction, for he said shortly afterward,—

“Hast thou poured no water into the sack, good Master Silas?  It seemeth
weaker and washier than ordinary, and affordeth small comfort unto the
breast and stomach.”

“Not I, truly, sir,” replied Master Silas “and the bottle is a fresh and
sound one.  The cork reported on drawing, as the best diver doth on
sousing from Warwick bridge into Avon.  A rare cork! as bright as the
glass bottle, and as smooth as the lips of any cow.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“My mouth is out of taste this morning; or the same wine, mayhap, hath a
different force and flavor in the dining-room and among friends.  But to
business—what more?”

“Euseby Treen, what may it be?” said I.

“I know,” quoth he, “but dare not breathe it.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I thought I had taken a glass of wine, verily.  Attention to my duty as
a magistrate is paramount.  I mind nothing else when that lies before me.

“Carnaby!  I credit thy honesty, but doubt thy manhood.  Why not breathe
it, with a vengeance?”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“It was Euseby who dared not.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Stand still!  Say nothing yet; mind my orders.  Fair and softly! compose
thyself.”

They all stood silent for some time, and looked very composed, awaiting
the commands of the knight.  His mind was clearly in such a state of
devotion that peradventure he might not have descended for a while longer
to his mundane duties, had not Master Silas told him that, under the
shadow of his wing, their courage had returned and they were quite
composed again.

“You may proceed,” said the knight.

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“Master Treen did take off his cap and wipe his forehead.  I, for the
sake of comforting him in this his heaviness, placed my hand upon his
crown; and truly I might have taken it for a tuft of bents, the hair on
end, the skin immovable as God’s earth!”

Sir Thomas, hearing these words, lifted up his hands above his own head,
and in the loudest voice he had yet uttered did he cry,—

“Wonderful are thy ways in Israel, O Lord!”

So saying, the pious knight did strike his knee with the palm of his
right hand; and then gave he a sign, bowing his head and closing his
eyes, by which Master Carnaby did think he signified his pleasure that he
should go on deposing.  And he went on thus:—

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“At this moment one of the accomplices cried, ‘Willy!  Willy! prithee
stop! enough in all conscience!  First thou divertedst us from our
undertaking with thy strange vagaries, thy Italian girls’ nursery sigh,
thy Pucks and pinchings, and thy Windsor whimsies.  No kitten upon a bed
of marum ever played such antics.  It was summer and winter, night and
day with us within the hour; and in such religion did we think and feel
it, we would have broken the man’s jaw who gainsaid it.  We have slept
with thee under the oaks in the ancient forest of Arden, and we have
wakened from our sleep in the tempest far at sea. {29a}  Now art thou for
frightening us again out of all the senses thou hadst given us, with
witches and women more murderous than they.’

“Then followed a deeper voice: ‘Stouter men and more resolute are few;
but thou, my lad, hast words too weighty for flesh and bones to bear up
against.  And who knows but these creatures may pop amongst us at last,
as the wolf did, sure enough, upon him, the noisy rogue, who so long had
been crying _wolf_! and _wolf_!’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Well spoken, for two thieves; albeit I miss the meaning of the most
part.  Did they prevail with the scapegrace and stop him?”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“The last who had spoken did slap him on the shoulder, saying, ‘Jump into
the punt, lad, and across.’  Thereupon did Will Shakspeare jump into said
punt, and begin to sing a song about a mermaid.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Sir! is this credible?  I will be sworn I never saw one; and verily do
believe that scarcely one in a hundred years doth venture so far up the
Avon.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“There is something in this.  Thou mayest have sung about one,
nevertheless.  Young poets take great liberties with all female kind; not
that mermaids are such very unlawful game for them, and there be songs
even about worse and staler fish.  Mind ye that!  Thou hast written
songs, and hast sung them, and lewd enough they be, God wot!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Pardon me, your worship! they were not mine then.  Peradventure the song
about the mermaid may have been that ancient one which every boy in most
parishes has been singing for many years, and, perhaps, his father before
him; and somebody was singing it then, mayhap, to keep up his courage in
the night.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I never heard it.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Nobody would dare to sing in the presence of your worship, unless
commanded,—not even the mermaid herself.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Canst thou sing it?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Verily, I can sing nothing.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Canst thou repeat it from memory?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“It is so long since I have thought about it, that I may fail in the
attempt.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Try, however.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

   “‘The mermaid sat upon the rocks
      All day long,
   Admiring her beauty and combing her locks,
      And singing a mermaid song.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“What was it? what was it?  I thought as much.  There thou standest, like
a woodpecker, chattering and chattering, breaking the bark with thy beak,
and leaving the grub where it was.  This is enough to put a saint out of
patience.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“The wishes of your worship possess a mysterious influence,—I now
remember all.

   “‘And hear the mermaid’s song you may,
      As sure as sure can be,
   If you will but follow the sun all day,
      And souse with him into the sea.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“It must be an idle fellow who would take that trouble; besides, unless
he nicked the time he might miss the monster.  There be many who are slow
to believe that the mermaid singeth.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Ah sir! not only the mermaid singeth, but the merman sweareth, as
another old song will convince you.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I would fain be convinced of God’s wonders in the great deeps, and would
lean upon the weakest reed like unto thee to manifest his glory.  Thou
mayest convince me.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

                                    1.

   “‘A wonderful story, my lasses and lads,
   Peradventure you’ve heard from your grannams or dads,
   Of a merman that came every night to woo
   The spinster of spinsters, our Catherine Crewe.

                                    2.

         “‘But Catherine Crewe
         Is now seventy-two,
      And avers she hath half forgotten
   The truth of the tale, when you ask her about it,
   And says, as if fain to deny it or flout it,
      “_Pooh_! _the merman is dead and rotten_.”

                                    3.

   “‘The merman came up as the mermen are wont,
   To the top of the water, and then swam upon ’t;
   And Catherine saw him with both her two eyes,
   A lusty young merman full six feet in size.

                                    4.

         “‘And Catherine was frighten’d,
         Her scalp-skin it tighten’d,
   And her head it swam strangely, although on dry land;
      And the merman made bold
      Eftsoons to lay hold
   (_This_ Catherine well recollects) of her hand.

                                    5.

   “‘But how could a merman, if ever so good,
   Or if ever so clever, be well understood
   By a simple young creature of our flesh and blood?

                                    6.

         “‘Some tell us the merman
         Can only speak German,
      In a voice between grunting and snoring;
   But Catherine says he had learned in the wars
   The language, persuasions, and oaths of our tars,
      And that even his voice was not foreign.

                                    7.

   “‘Yet when she was asked how he managed to hide
   The green fishy tail, coming out of the tide
      For night after night above twenty,
   “You troublesome creatures!” old Catherine replied,
      “_In his pocket_; won’t that now content ye?”’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I have my doubts yet.  I should have said unto her, seriously, ‘Kate!
Kate!  I am not convinced.’  There may be witchcraft or sortilege in it.
I would have made it a star-chamber matter.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“It was one, sir.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“And now I am reminded by this silly, childish song,—which, after all, is
not the true mermaid’s,—thou didst tell me, Silas, that the papers found
in the lad’s pocket were intended for poetry.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“I wish he had missed his aim, sir, in your park, as he hath missed it in
his poetry.  The papers are not worth reading; they do not go against him
in the point at issue.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“We must see that,—they being taken upon his person when apprehended.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Let Ephraim read them, then; it behooveth not me, a Master of Arts, to
con a whelp’s whining.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Do thou read them aloud unto us, good Master Ephraim.”

Whereupon I took the papers which young Willy had not bestowed much pains
on; and they posed and puzzled me grievously, for they were blotted and
scrawled in many places, as if somebody had put him out.  These likewise
I thought fit, after long consideration, to write better, and preserve,
great as the loss of time is when men of business take in hand such
unseemly matters.  However, they are decenter than most, and not without
their moral; for example:—

                              “TO THE OWLET.

   “Who, O thou sapient, saintly bird!
   Thy shouted warnings ever heard
         Unbleached by fear?
   The blue-faced blubbering imp, who steals
   Yon turnips, thinks thee at his heels,
         Afar or near.

   “The brawnier churl, who brags at times
   To front and top the rankest crimes,—
         To paunch a deer,
   Quarter a priest, or squeeze a wench,—
   Scuds from thee, clammy as a tench,
         He knows not where.

   “For this the righteous Lord of all
   Consigns to thee the castle-wall,
         When, many a year,
   Closed in the chancel-vaults, are eyes
   Rainy or sunny at the sighs
         Of knight or peer.”

Sir Thomas, when I had ended, said unto me,

“No harm herein; but are they over?”

I replied, “Yea, sir!”

“I miss the _posy_,” quoth he; “there is usually a lump of sugar, or a
smack thereof at the bottom of the glass.  They who are inexperienced in
poetry do write it as boys do their copies in the copy-book, without a
flourish at the finis.  It is only the master who can do this
befittingly.”

I bowed unto his worship reverentially, thinking of a surety he meant me,
and returned my best thanks in set language.  But his worship rebuffed
them, and told me graciously that he had an eye on another of very
different quality; that the plain sense of his discourse might do for me,
the subtler was certainly for himself.  He added that in his younger days
he had heard from a person of great parts, and had since profited by it,
that ordinary poets are like adders,—the tail blunt and the body rough,
and the whole reptile cold-blooded and sluggish: “whereas we,” he
subjoined, “leap and caracole and curvet, and are as warm as velvet, and
as sleek as satin, and as perfumed as a Naples fan, in every part of us;
and the end of our poems is as pointed as a perch’s back-fin, and it
requires as much nicety to pick it up as a needle{38a} at nine groats the
hundred.”

Then turning toward the culprit, he said mildly unto him,—

“Now why canst thou not apply thyself unto study?  Why canst thou not ask
advice of thy superiors in rank and wisdom?  In a few years, under good
discipline, thou mightest rise from the owlet unto the peacock.  I know
not what pleasant things might not come into the youthful head thereupon.

“He was the bird of Venus, {39b} goddess of beauty.  He flew down (I
speak as a poet, and not in my quality of knight and Christian) with half
the stars of heaven upon his tail; and his long, blue neck doth verily
appear a dainty slice out of the solid sky.”

Sir Silas smote me with his elbow, and said in my ear,—

“He wanteth not this stuffing; he beats a pheasant out of the kitchen, to
my mind, take him only at the pheasant’s size, and don’t (upon your life)
overdo him.

“Never be cast down in spirit, nor take it too ‘grievously to heart, if
the colour be a suspicion of the pinkish,—no sign of rawness in that;
none whatever.  It is as becoming to him as to the salmon; it is as
natural to your pea-chick in his best cookery, as it is to the finest
October morning,—moist underfoot, when partridge’s and puss’s and
renard’s scent lies sweetly.”

Willie Shakspeare, in the mean time, lifted up his hands above his ears
half a cubit, and taking breath again, said, audibly, although he willed
it to be said unto himself alone,—

“O that knights could deign to be our teachers!  Methinks I should
briefly spring up into heaven, through the very chink out of which the
peacock took his neck.”

Master Silas, who like myself and the worshipful knight, did overhear
him, said angrily,—

“To spring up into heaven, my lad, it would be as well to have at least
one foot upon the ground to make the spring withal.  I doubt whether we
shall leave thee this vantage.”

“Nay, nay! thou art hard upon him, Silas,” said the knight.

I was turning over the other papers taken from the pocket of the culprit
on his apprehension, and had fixed my eyes on one, when Sir Thomas caught
them thus occupied, and exclaimed,—

“Mercy upon us! have we more?”

“Your patience, worshipful sir!” said I; “must I forward?”

“Yea, yea,” quoth he, resignedly, “we must go through; we are pilgrims in
this life.”

Then did I read, in a clear voice, the contents of paper the second,
being as followeth:—

                           “THE MAID’S LAMENT.

   “I loved him not; and yet, now he is gone,
      I feel I am alone.
   I check’d him while he spoke; yet, could he speak,
      Alas! I would not check.
   For reasons not to love him once I sought,
      And wearied all my thought
   To vex myself and him: I now would give
      My love could he but live
   Who lately lived for me, and when he found
      ’T was vain, in holy ground
   He hid his face amid the shades of death!
      I waste for him my breath
   Who wasted his for me! but mine returns,
      And this loin bosom burns
   With stifling heat, heaving it up in sleep,
      And waking me to weep
   Tears that had melted his soft heart.  For years
      Wept he as bitter tears!
   _Merciful God_! such was his latest prayer,
      _These may she never share_!
   Quieter is his breath, his breast more cold,
      Than daisies in the mould,
   Where children spell, athwart the churchyard gate,
      His name and life’s brief date.
   Pray for him, gentle souls, whoe’er you be,
      And, oh! pray too for me!”

Sir Thomas had fallen into a most comfortable and refreshing slumber ere
this lecture was concluded; but the pause broke it, as there be many who
experience after the evening service in our parish-church.  Howbeit, he
had presently all his wits about him, and remembered well that he had
been carefully counting the syllables, about the time when I had pierced
as far as into the middle.

“Young man,” said he to Willy, “thou givest short measure in every other
sack of the load.  Thy uppermost stake is of right length; the undermost
falleth off, methinks.

“Master Ephraim, canst thou count syllables?  I mean no offence.  I may
have counted wrongfully myself, not being born nor educated for an
accountant.”

At such order I did count; and truly the suspicion was as just as if he
had neither been a knight nor a sleeper.

“Sad stuff! sad stuff, indeed!” said Master Silas, “and smelling of
popery and wax-candles.”

“Ay?” said Sir Thomas, “I must sift that.”

“If praying for the dead is not popery,” said Master Silas, “I know not
what the devil is.  Let them pray for us; they may know whether it will
do us any good.  We need not pray for them; we cannot tell whether it
will do them any.  I call this sound divinity.”

“Are our churchmen all agreed thereupon?” asked Sir Thomas.

“The wisest are,” replied Master Silas.

“There are some lank rascals who will never agree upon anything but upon
doubting.  I would not give ninepence for the best gown upon the most
thrifty of ’em; and their fingers are as stiff and hard with their
pedlary, knavish writing, as any bishop’s are with chalk-stones won
honestly from the gout.”

Sir Thomas took the paper up from the table on which I had laid it, and
said after a while,—

“The man may only have swooned.  I scorn to play the critic, or to ask
any one the meaning of a word; but, sirrah!”

Here he turned in his chair from the side of Master Silas, and said unto
Willy,—

“William Shakspeare! out of this thraldom in regard to popery, I hope, by
God’s blessing, to deliver thee.  If ever thou repeatest the said verses,
knowing the man to be to all intents and purposes a dead man, prythee
read the censurable line as thus corrected,—

            ‘Pray for our Virgin Queen, gentles! whoe’er you be.’

although it is not quite the thing that another should impinge so closely
on her skirts.

“By this improvement, of me suggested, thou mayest make some amends—a
syllable or two—for the many that are weighed in the balance and are
found wanting.”

Then turning unto me, as being conversant by my profession in such
matters, and the same being not very worthy of learned and staid clerks
the like of Master Silas, he said,—

“Of all the youths that did ever write in verse, this one verily is he
who hath the fewest flowers and devices.  But it would be loss of time to
form a border, in the fashion of a kingly crown, or a dragon, or a Turk
on horseback, out of buttercups and dandelions.

“Master Ephraim! look at these badgers! with a long leg on one quarter
and a short leg on the other.  The wench herself might well and truly
have said all that matter without the poet, bating the rhymes and metre.
Among the girls in the country there are many such _shilly-shallys_, who
give themselves sore eyes and sharp eye-water; I would cure them rod in
hand.”

Whereupon did William Shakspeare say, with great humility,—

“So would I, may it please your worship, an they would let me.”

“Incorrigible sluts!  Out upon ’em! and thou art no better than they
are,” quoth the knight.

Master Silas cried aloud, “No better, marry! they at the worst are but
carted and whipped for the edification of the market-folks. {44a}  Not a
squire or parson in the country round but comes in his best to see a man
hanged.”

“The edification then is higher by a deal,” said William, very
composedly.

“Troth! is it,” replied Master Silas.  “The most poisonous reptile has
the richest jewel in his head; thou shalt share the richest gift bestowed
upon royalty, and shalt cure the king’s evil.” {45a}

“It is more tractable, then, than the church’s,” quoth William; and,
turning his face toward the chair, he made an obeisance to Sir Thomas,
saying,—

“Sir! the more submissive my behaviour is, the more vehement and
boisterous is Master Silas.  My gentlest words serve only to carry him
toward the contrary quarter, as the south wind bloweth a ship northward.”

“Youth,” said Sir Thomas, smiling most benignly, “I find, and well indeed
might I have surmised, thy utter ignorance of winds, equinoxes, and
tides.  Consider now a little!  With what propriety can a wind be called
a south wind if it bloweth a vessel to the north?  Would it be a south
wind that blew it from this hall into Warwick market-place?”

“It would be a strong one,” said Master Silas unto me, pointing his
remark, as witty men are wont, with the elbow-pan.

But Sir Thomas, who waited for an answer, and received none, continued,—

“Would a man be called a good man who tended and pushed on toward evil?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I stand corrected.  I could sail to Cathay or Tartary {46a} with half
the nautical knowledge I have acquired in this glorious hall.

“The devil impelling a mortal to wrong courses, is thereby known to be
the devil.  He, on the contrary, who exciteth to good is no devil, but an
angel of light, or under the guidance of one.  The devil driveth unto his
own home; so doth the south wind, so doth the north wind.

“Alas! alas! we possess not the mastery over our own weak minds when a
higher spirit standeth nigh and draweth us within his influence.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Those thy words are well enough,—very well, very good, wise, discreet,
judicious beyond thy years.  But then that _sailing_ comes in an awkward,
ugly way across me,—that _Cathay_, that _Tartarus_!

“Have a care!  Do thou nothing rashly.  Mind! an thou stealest my punt
for the purpose, I send the constable after thee or e’er thou art half
way over.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“He would make a stock-fish of me an he caught me.  It is hard sailing
out of his straits, although they be carefully laid down in most
parishes, and may have taken them from actual survey.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Sir, we have bestowed on him already well-nigh a good hour of our time.”

Sir Thomas, who was always fond of giving admonition and reproof to the
ignorant and erring, and who had found the seeds (little mustard-seeds,
’t is true, and never likely to arise into the great mustard-tree of the
Gospel) in the poor lad Willy, did let his heart soften a whit tenderer
and kindlier than Master Silas did, and said unto Master Silas,—

“A good hour of our time!  Yea, Silas! and thou wouldst give _him_
eternity!”

“What, sir! would you let him go?” said Master Silas.  “Presently we
shall have neither deer nor dog, neither hare nor coney, neither swan nor
heron; every carp from pool, every bream from brook, will be groped for.
The marble monuments in the church will no longer protect the leaden
coffins; and if there be any ring of gold on the finger of knight or
dame, it will be torn away with as little ruth and ceremony as the ring
from a butchered sow’s snout.”

“Awful words!  Master Silas,” quoth the knight, musing; “but thou
mistakest my intentions.  I let him not go; howbeit, at worst I would
only mark him in the ear, and turn him up again after this warning,
peradventure with a few stripes to boot athwart the shoulders, in order
to make them shrug a little, and shake off the burden of idleness.”

Now I, having seen, I dare not say the innocence, but the innocent and
simple manner of Willy, and pitying his tender years, and having an
inkling that he was a lad, poor Willy! whom God had endowed with some
parts, and into whose breast he had instilled that milk of
loving-kindness by which alone we can be like unto those little children
of whom is the household and kingdom of our Lord,—I was moved, yea, even
unto tears.  And now, to bring gentler thoughts into the hearts of Master
Silas and Sir Thomas, who, in his wisdom, deemed it a light punishment to
slit an ear or two, or inflict a wiry scourging, I did remind his worship
that another paper was yet unread, at least to them, although I had been
perusing it.

This was much pleasanter than the two former, and overflowing with the
praises of the worthy knight and his gracious lady; and having an echo to
it in another voice, I did hope thereby to disarm their just wrath and
indignation.  It was thus couched:—

                             “FIRST SHEPHERD.

   “Jesu! what lofty elms are here!
   Let me look through them at the clear,
   Deep sky above, and bless my star
   That such a worthy knight’s they are!

                            “SECOND SHEPHERD.

   “Innocent creatures! how those deer
   Trot merrily, and romp and rear!

                             “FIRST SHEPHERD.

   “The glorious knight who walks beside
   His most majestic lady bride,

                            “SECOND SHEPHERD.

   “Under these branches spreading wide,

                             “FIRST SHEPHERD.

   “Carries about so many cares
   Touching his ancestors and heirs,
   That came from Athens and from Rome—

                            “SECOND SHEPHERD.

   “As many of them as are come—

                             “FIRST SHEPHERD.

   “Nought else the smallest lodge can find
   In the vast manors of his mind;
   Envying not Solomon his wit—

                            “SECOND SHEPHERD.

   “No, nor his women not a bit;
   Being well-built and well-behavèd
   As Solomon, I trow, or David.

                             “FIRST SHEPHERD.

   “And taking by his jewell’d hand
   The jewel of that lady bland,
   He sees the tossing antlers pass
   And throw quaint shadows o’er the grass;
   While she alike the hour beguiles,
   And looks at him and them, and smiles.

                            “SECOND SHEPHERD.

   “With conscience proof ’gainst Satan’s shock,
   Albeit finer than her smock, {50a}
   Marry! her smiles are not of vanity,
   But resting on sound Christianity.
   Faith, you would swear, had nail’d {50b} her ears on
   The book and cushion of the parson.”

“Methinks the rhyme at the latter end might be bettered,” said Sir
Thomas.  “The remainder is indited not unaptly.  But, young man, never
having obtained the permission of my honourable dame to praise her in
guise of poetry, I cannot see all the merit I would fain discern in the
verses.  She ought first to have been sounded; and it being certified
that she disapproved not her glorification, then might it be trumpeted
forth into the world below.”

“Most worshipful knight,” replied the youngster, “I never could take it
in hand to sound a dame of quality,—they are all of them too deep and too
practised for me, and have better and abler men about ’em.  And surely I
did imagine to myself that if it were asked of any honourable man
(omitting to speak of ladies) whether he would give permission to be
openly praised, he would reject the application as a gross offence.  It
appeareth to me that even to praise one’s self, although it be shameful,
is less shameful than to throw a burning coal into the incense-box that
another doth hold to waft before us, and then to snift and simper over
it, with maidenly, wishful coyness, as if forsooth one had no hand in
setting it asmoke.”

Then did Sir Thomas, in his zeal to instruct the ignorant, and so make
the lowly hold up their heads, say unto him,—

“Nay, but all the great do thus.  Thou must not praise them without leave
and license.  Praise unpermitted is plebeian praise.  It is presumption
to suppose that thou knowest enough of the noble and the great to
discover their high qualities.  They alone could manifest them unto thee.
It requireth much discernment and much time to enucleate and bring into
light their abstruse wisdom and gravely featured virtues.  Those of
ordinary men lie before thee in thy daily walks; thou mayest know them by
converse at their tables, as thou knowest the little tame squirrel that
chippeth his nuts in the open sunshine of a bowling-green.  But beware
how thou enterest the awful arbours of the great, who conceal their
magnanimity in the depths of their hearts, as lions do.”

He then paused; and observing the youth in deep and earnest meditation
over the fruits of his experience, as one who tasted and who would fain
digest them; he gave him encouragement, and relieved the weight of his
musings by kind interrogation.

“So, then, these verses are thine own?”  The youth answered,—

“Sir, I must confess my fault.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“And who was the shepherd written here _Second Shepherd_, that had the
ill manners to interrupt thee?  Methinks, in helping thee to mount the
saddle, he pretty nigh tossed thee over, {53a} with his jerks and
quirks.”

Without waiting for any answer, his worship continued his interrogations.

“But do you woolstaplers call yourselves by the style and title of
shepherds?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Verily, sir, do we; and I trust by right.  The last owner of any place
is called the master more properly than the dead and gone who once held
it.  If that be true (and who doubts it?) we, who have the last of the
sheep, namely, the wool and skin, and who buy all of all the flock,
surely may more properly be called shepherds than those idle vagrants who
tend them only for a season, selling a score or purchasing a score, as
may happen.”

Here Sir Thomas did pause a while, and then said unto Master Silas,—

“My own cogitations, and not this stripling, have induced me to consider
and to conclude a weighty matter for knightly scholarship.  I never could
rightly understand before how Colin Clout, and sundry others calling
themselves shepherds, should argue like doctors in law, physic, and
divinity.

“Silas! they were woolstaplers; and they must have exercised their wits
in dealing with tithe-proctors and parsons, and moreover with fellows of
colleges from our two learned universities, who have sundry lands held
under them, as thou knowest, and take the small tithes in kind.  Colin
Clout, methinks, from his extensive learning, might have acquired enough
interest with the Queen’s Highness to change his name for the better,
and, furthermore, her royal license to carry armorial bearings, in no
peril of taint from so unsavoury an appellation.”

Master Silas did interrupt this discourse, by saying,—

“May it please your worship, the constable is waiting.”

Whereat Sir Thomas said, tartly,—

“And let him wait.” {55a}

Then to me,—

“I hope we have done with verses, and are not to be befooled by the lad’s
nonsense touching mermaids or worse creatures.”

Then to Will,—

“William Shakspeare! we live in a Christian land, a land of great
toleration and forbearance.  Three score cartsful of fagots a year are
fully sufficient to clear our English air from every pestilence of heresy
and witchcraft.  It hath not alway been so, God wot!  Innocent and guilty
took their turns before the fire, like geese and capons.  The spit was
never cold; the cook’s sleeve was ever above the elbow.  Countrymen came
down from distant villages into towns and cities, to see perverters whom
they had never heard of, and to learn the righteousness of hatred.  When
heretics waxed fewer the religious began to grumble that God, in losing
his enemies, had also lost his avengers.

“Do not thou, William Shakspeare, dig the hole for thy own stake.  If
thou canst not make men wise, do not make them merry at thy cost.  We are
not to be paganised any more.  Having struck from our calendars, and
unnailed from our chapels, many dozens of decent saints, with as little
compunction and remorse as unlucky lads throw frog-spawn and tadpoles out
of stagnant ditches, never let us think of bringing back among us the
daintier divinities they ousted.  All these are the devil’s imps,
beautiful as they appear in what we falsely call works of genius, which
really and truly are the devil’s own,—statues more graceful than
humanity, pictures more living than life, eloquence that raised single
cities above empires, poor men above kings.  If these are not Satan’s
works, where are they?  I will tell thee where they are likewise.  In
holding vain converse with false gods.  The utmost we can allow in
propriety is to call a knight Phœbus, and a dame Diana.  They are not
meat for every trencher.

“We must now proceed straightforward with the business on which thou
comest before us.  What further sayest thou, witness?”

                              EUSEBY TREEN.

“His face was toward me; I saw it clearly.  The graver man followed him
into the punt, and said, roughly, ‘We shall get hanged as sure as thou
pipest.’

“Whereunto he answered,—

   ‘Naturally, as fall upon the ground
   The leaves in winter and the girls in spring.’

And then began he again with the mermaid; whereat the graver man clapped
a hand before his mouth, and swore he should take her in wedlock, to have
and to hold, if he sang another stave.  ‘And thou shalt be her pretty
little bridemaid,’ quoth he gaily to the graver man, chucking him under
the chin.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“And what did Carnaby say unto thee, or what didst thou say unto
Carnaby?”

                              EUSEBY TREEN.

“Carnaby said unto me, somewhat tauntingly, ‘The big squat man, that lay
upon thy bread-basket like a nightmare, is a punt at last, it seems.’

“‘Punt, and more too,’ answered I.  ‘Tarry awhile, and thou shalt see
this punt (so let me call it) lead them into temptation, and swamp them
or carry them to the gallows; I would not stay else.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“And what didst thou, Joseph Carnaby?”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“Finding him neither slack nor shy, I readily tarried.  We knelt down
opposite each other, and said our prayers; and he told me he was now
comfortable.  ‘The evil one,’ said he, ‘hath enough to mind yonder: he
shall not hurt us.’

“Never was a sweeter night, had there been but some mild ale under it,
which any one would have sworn it was made for.  The milky way looked
like a long drift of hail-stones on a sunny ridge.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Hast thou done describing?”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“Yea, an please your worship.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“God’s blessing be upon thee, honest Carnaby!  I feared a moon-fall.  In
our days nobody can think about a plum-pudding but the moon comes down
upon it.  I warrant ye this lad here hath as many moons in his poems as
the Saracens had in their banners.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I have not hatched mine yet, sir.  Whenever I do I trust it will be
worth taking to market.”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“I said all I know of the stars; but Master Euseby can run over half a
score and upward, here and there.  ‘Am I right, or wrong?’ cried he,
spreading on the back of my hand all his fingers, stiff as antlers and
cold as icicles.  ‘Look up, Joseph! Joseph! there is no Lucifer in the
firmament!’  I myself did feel queerish and qualmy upon hearing that a
star was missing, being no master of gainsaying it; and I abased my eyes,
and entreated of Euseby to do in like manner.  And in this posture did we
both of us remain; and the missing star did not disquiet me; and all the
others seemed as if they knew us and would not tell of us; and there was
peace and pleasantness over sky and earth.  And I said to my companion,—

“‘How quiet now, good Master Euseby, are all God’s creatures in this
meadow, because they never pry into such high matters, but breathe
sweetly among the pig-nuts.  The only things we hear or see stirring are
the glow-worms and dormice, as though they were sent for our edification,
teaching us to rest contented with our own little light, and to come out
and seek our sustenance where none molest or thwart us.’”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Ye would have it thus, no doubt, when your pockets and pouches are full
of gins and nooses.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“A bridle upon thy dragon’s tongue!  And do thou, Master Joseph, quit the
dormice and glow-worms, and tell us whither did the rogues go.”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“I wot not after they had crossed the river they were soon out of sight
and hearing.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Went they toward Charlecote?”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“Their first steps were thitherward.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Did they come back unto the punt?”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“They went down the stream in it, and crossed the Avon some fourscore
yards below where we were standing.  They came back in it, and moored it
to the sedges in which it had stood before.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“How long were they absent?”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“Within an hour, or thereabout, all the three men returned.  Will
Shakspeare and another were sitting in the middle, the third punted.

“‘Remember now, gentles!’ quoth William Shakspeare, ‘the road we have
taken is henceforward a footpath for ever, according to law.’

“‘How so?’ asked the punter, turning toward him,

“‘Forasmuch as a corpse hath passed along it,’ answered he.

“Whereupon both Euseby and myself did forthwith fall upon our faces,
commending our souls unto the Lord.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“It was then really the dead body that quivered so fearfully upon the
water, covering all the punt!  Christ, deliver us!  I hope the keeper
they murdered was not Jeremiah.  His wife and four children would be very
chargeable, and the man was by no means amiss.  Proceed! what further?”

“On reaching the bank, ‘I never sat pleasanter in my lifetime,’ said
William Shakspeare, ‘than upon this carcass.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Lord have mercy upon us!  Thou upon a carcass, at thy years!”

And the knight drew back his chair half an ell farther from the table,
and his lips quivered at the thought of such inhumanity.

“And what said he more? and what did he?” asked the knight.

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“He patted it smartly, and said, ‘Lug it out; break it.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“These four poor children! who shall feed them?”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Sir! in God’s name have you forgotten that Jeremiah is gone to Nuneaton
to see his father, and that the murdered man is the buck?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“They killed the buck likewise.  But what, ye cowardly varlets! have ye
been deceiving me all this time?  And thou, youngster! couldst thou say
nothing to clear up the case?  Thou shalt smart for it.  Methought I had
lost by a violent death the best servant ever man had—righteous, if there
be no blame in saying it, as the prophet whose name he beareth, and brave
as the lion of Judah.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Sir, if these men could deceive your worship for a moment, they might
deceive me for ever.  I could not guess what their story aimed at, except
my ruin.  I am inclined to lean for once toward the opinion of Master
Silas, and to believe it was really the stolen buck on which this William
(if indeed there is any truth at all in the story) was sitting.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“What more hast thou for me that is not enigma or parable?”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“I did not see the carcass, man’s or beast’s, may it please your worship,
and I have recited and can recite that only which I saw and heard.  After
the words of lugging out and breaking it, knives were drawn accordingly.
It was no time to loiter or linger.  We crope back under the shadow of
the alders and hazels on the high bank that bordereth Mickle Meadow, and,
making straight for the public road, hastened homeward.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Hearing this deposition, dost thou affirm the like upon thy oath, Master
Euseby Treen, or dost thou vary in aught essential?”

                              EUSEBY TREEN.

“Upon my oath I do depose and affirm the like, and truly the identical
same; and I will never more vary upon aught essential.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I do now further demand of thee whether thou knowest anything more
appertaining unto this business.”

                              EUSEBY TREEN.

“Ay, verily; that your worship may never hold me for timorsome and
superstitious, I do furthermore add that some other than deer-stealers
was abroad.  In sign whereof, although it was the dryest and clearest
night of the season, my jerkin was damp inside and outside when I reached
my house-door.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I warrant thee, Euseby, the damp began not at the outside.  A word in
thy ear—Lucifer was thy tapster, I trow.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Irreverent swine! hast no awe nor shame.  Thou hast aggravated thy
offence, William Shakspeare, by thy foul-mouthedness.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“I must remind your worship that he not only has committed this iniquity
afore, but hath pawed the puddle he made, and relapsed into it after due
caution and reproof.  God forbid that what he spake against me, out of
the gall of his proud stomach, should move me.  I defy him, a low,
ignorant wretch, a rogue and vagabond, a thief and cut-throat, a — {66a}
monger and mutton-eater.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Your worship doth hear the learned clerk’s testimony in my behalf.  ‘Out
of the mouth of babes and sucklings’—”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Silas, the youth has failings—a madcap; but he is pious.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Alas, no, sir!  Would I were!  But Sir Silas, like the prophet, came to
curse, and was forced to bless me, even me, a sinner, a mutton-eater!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Thou urgedst him.  He beareth no ill-will toward thee.  Thou knewedst, I
suspect, that the blackness in his mouth proceeded from a natural cause.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“The Lord is merciful!  I was brought hither in jeopardy; I shall return
in joy.  Whether my innocence be declared or otherwise, my piety and
knowledge will be forwarded and increased; for your worship will
condescend, even from the judgment-seat, to enlighten the ignorant where
a soul shall be saved or lost.  And I, even I, may trespass a moment on
your courtesy.  I quail at the words _natural cause_.  Be there any
such?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Youth!  I never thought thee so staid.  Thou hast, for these many
months, been represented unto me as one dissolute and light, much given
unto mummeries and mysteries, wakes and carousals, cudgel-fighters and
mountebanks and wanton women.  They do also represent of thee—I hope it
may be without foundation—that thou enactest the parts, not simply of
foresters and fairies, girls in the green-sickness and friars, lawyers
and outlaws, but likewise, having small reverence for station, of kings
and queens, knights and privy-counsellors, in all their glory.  It hath
been whispered, moreover, and the testimony of these two witnesses doth
appear in some measure to countenance and confirm it, that thou hast at
divers times this last summer been seen and heard alone, inasmuch as
human eye may discover, on the narrow slip of greensward between the Avon
and the chancel, distorting thy body like one possessed, and uttering
strange language, like unto incantation.  This, however, cometh not
before me.  Take heed! take heed unto thy ways; there are graver things
in law even than homicide and deer-stealing.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“And strong against him.  Folks have been consumed at the stake for
pettier felonies and upon weaker evidence.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“To that anon.”

William Shakspeare did hold down his head, answering nought.  And Sir
Thomas spake again unto him, as one mild and fatherly, if so be that such
a word may be spoken of a knight and parliament-man.  And these are the
words he spake:—

“Reason and ruminate with thyself now.  To pass over and pretermit the
danger of representing the actions of the others, and mainly of lawyers
and churchmen, the former of whom do pardon no offences, and the latter
those only against God, having no warrant for more, canst thou believe it
innocent to counterfeit kings and queens?  Supposest thou that if the
impression of their faces on a farthing be felonious and rope-worthy, the
imitation of head and body, voice and bearing, plume and strut, crown and
mantle, and everything else that maketh them royal and glorious, be aught
less?  Perpend, young man, perpend!  Consider, who among inferior mortals
shall imitate them becomingly?  Dreamest thou they talk and act like
checkmen at Banbury fair?  How can thy shallow brain suffice for their
vast conceptions?  How darest thou say, as they do: ‘Hang this fellow;
quarter that; flay; mutilate; stab; shoot; press; hook; torture; burn
alive’?  These are royalties.  Who appointed thee to such office?  The
Holy Ghost?  He alone can confer it; but when wert thou anointed?”

William was so zealous in storing up these verities that he looked as
though he were unconscious that the pouring-out was over.  He started,
which he had not done before, at the voice of Master Silas; but soon
recovered his complacency, and smiled with much serenity at being called
low-minded varlet.

“Low-minded varlet!” cried Master Silas, most contemptuously, “dost thou
imagine that king calleth king, like thy chums, _filcher_ and _fibber_,
_whirligig_ and _nincompoop_?  Instead of this low vulgarity and sordid
idleness, ending in nothing, they throw at one another such fellows as
thee by the thousand, and when they have cleared the land, render God
thanks and make peace.”

Willy did now sigh out his ignorance of these matters; and he sighed,
mayhap, too, at the recollection of the peril he had run into, and had
ne’er a word on the nail. {70a}

The bowels of Sir Thomas waxed tenderer and tenderer; and he opened his
lips in this fashion:—

“Stripling!  I would now communicate unto thee, on finding thee docile
and assentaneous, the instruction thou needest on the signification of
the words _natural cause_, if thy duty toward thy neighbour had been
first instilled into thee.”

Whereupon Master Silas did interpose, for the dinner hour was drawing
nigh.

“We cannot do all at once,” quoth he.  “Coming out of order, it might
harm him.  Malt before hops, the world over, or the beer muddies.”

But Sir Thomas was not to be pricked out of his form even by so shrewd a
pricker; and like unto one who heareth not, he continued to look most
graciously on the homely vessel that stood ready to receive his wisdom.

“Thy mind,” said he, “being unprepared for higher cogitations, and the
groundwork and religious duty not being well rammer-beaten and flinted, I
do pass over this supererogatory point, and inform thee rather, that
bucks and swans and herons have something in their very names announcing
them of knightly appurtenance; and (God forfend that evil do ensue
therefrom!) that a goose on the common, or a game-cock on the loft of a
cottager or villager, may be seized, bagged, and abducted, with far less
offence to the laws.  In a buck there is something so gainly and so
grand, he treadeth the earth with such ease and such agility, he
abstaineth from all other animals with such punctilious avoidance, one
would imagine God created him when he created knighthood.  In the swan
there is such purity, such coldness is there in the element he
inhabiteth, such solitude of station, that verily he doth remind me of
the Virgin Queen herself.  Of the heron I have less to say, not having
him about me; but I never heard his lordly croak without the conceit that
it resembled a chancellor’s or a primate’s.

“I do perceive, William Shakspeare, thy compunction and contrition.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I was thinking, may it please your worship, of the game-cock and the
goose, having but small notion of herons.  This doctrine of abduction,
please your worship, hath been alway inculcated by the soundest of our
judges.  Would they had spoken on other points with the same clearness.
How many unfortunates might thereby have been saved from crossing the
Cordilleras!” {72a}

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Ay, ay! they have been fain to fly the country at last, thither or
elsewhere.”

And then did Sir Thomas call unto him Master Silas, and say,—

“Walk we into the bay-window.  And thou mayest come, Ephraim.”

And when we were there together, I, Master Silas, and his worship, did
his worship say unto the chaplain, but oftener looking toward me,—

“I am not ashamed to avouch that it goeth against me to hang this young
fellow, richly as the offence in its own nature doth deserve it, he
talketh so reasonably; not indeed so reasonably, but so like unto what a
reasonable man may listen to and reflect on.  There is so much, too, of
compassion for others in hard cases, and something so very near in
semblance to innocence itself in that airy swing of lightheartedness
about him.  I cannot fix my eyes (as one would say) on the shifting and
sudden _shade-and-shine_, which cometh back to me, do what I will, and
mazes me in a manner, and blinks me.”

At this juncture I was ready to fall upon the ground before his worship,
and clasp his knees for Willy’s pardon.  But he had so many points about
him, that I feared to discompose ’em, and thus make bad worse.  Besides
which, Master Silas left me but scanty space for good resolutions,
crying,—

“He may be committed, to save time.  Afterward he may be sentenced to
death, or he may not.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“’T were shame upon me were he not; ’t were indication that I acted
unadvisedly in the commitment.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“The penalty of the law may be commuted, if expedient, on application to
the fountain of mercy in London.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Maybe, Silas, those shall be standing round the fount of mercy who play
in idleness and wantonness with its waters, and let them not flow widely,
nor take their natural course.  Dutiful gallants may encompass it, and it
may linger among the flowers they throw into it, and never reach the
parched lip on the wayside.

“These are homely thoughts—thoughts from a-field, thoughts for the study
and housekeeper’s room.  But whenever I have given utterance unto them,
as my heart hath often prompted me with beatings at the breast, my
hearers seemed to bear toward me more true and kindly affection than my
richest fancies and choicest phraseologies could purchase.

“’T were convenient to bethink thee, should any other great man’s park
have been robbed this season, no judge upon the bench will back my
recommendation for mercy.  And, indeed, how could I expect it?  Things
may soon be brought to such a pass that their lordships shall scarcely
find three haunches each upon the circuit.”

“Well, Sir!” quoth Master Silas, “you have a right to go on in your own
way.  Make him only give up the girl.”

Here Sir Thomas reddened with righteous indignation, and answered,—

“I cannot think it! such a stripling! poor, penniless; it must be some
one else.”  And now Master Silas did redden in his turn, redder than Sir
Thomas, and first asked me,—

“What the devil do you stare at?”  And then asked his worship,—

“Who should it be if not the rogue?” and his lips turned as blue as a
blue-bell.  Then Sir Thomas left the window, and again took his chair,
and having stood so long on his legs, groaned upon it to ease him.  His
worship scowled with all his might, and looked exceedingly wroth and
vengeful at the culprit, and said unto him,—

“Harkye, knave!  I have been conferring with my learned clerk and
chaplain in what manner I may, with the least severity, rid the county
(which thou disgracest) of thee.”

William Shakspeare raised up his eyes, modestly and fearfully, and said
slowly these few words, which, had they been a better and nobler man’s,
would deserve to be written in letters of gold.  I, not having that art
nor substance, do therefore write them in my largest and roundest
character, and do leave space about ’em, according to their rank and
dignity:—

“Worshipful sir!”

“A WORD IN THE EAR IS OFTEN AS GOOD AS A HALTER UNDER IT, AND SAVES THE
GROAT.”

“Thou discoursest well,” said Sir Thomas, “but others can discourse well
likewise.  Thou shalt avoid; I am resolute.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I supplicate your honour to impart unto me, in your wisdom, the mode and
means whereby I may surcease to be disgraceful to the county.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I am not bloody-minded.

“First, thou shalt have the fairest and fullest examination.  Much hath
been deposed against thee; something may come forth for thy advantage.  I
will not thy death; thou shalt not die.

“The laws have loopholes, like castles, both to shoot from and to let
folks down.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“That pointed ear would look the better for paring, and that high
forehead can hold many letters.”

Whereupon did William, poor lad! turn deadly pale, but spake not.

Sir Thomas then abated a whit of his severity, and said, staidly,—

“Testimony doth appear plain and positive against thee; nevertheless am I
minded and prompted to aid thee myself, in disclosing and unfolding what
thou couldst not of thine own wits, in furtherance of thine own defence.

“One witness is persuaded and assured of the evil spirit having been
abroad, and the punt appeared unto him diversely from what it appeared
unto the other.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“If the evil spirit produced one appearance, he might have produced all,
with deference to the graver judgment of your worship.

“If what seemed _punt_ was _devil_, what seemed _buck_ might have been
_devil_ too; nay, more easily, the horns being forthcoming.

“Thieves and reprobates do resemble him more nearly still; and it would
be hard if he could not make free with their bodies, when he has their
souls already.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“But, then, those voices! and thou thyself, Will Shakspeare!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“O might I kiss the hand of my deliverer, whose clear-sightedness
throweth such manifest and plenary light upon my innocence!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“How so?  What light, in God’s name, have I thrown upon it as yet?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Oh! those voices! those faeries and spirits! whence came they?  None can
deal with ’em but the devil, the parson, and witches.  And does not the
devil oftentimes take the very form, features, and habiliments of
knights, and bishops, and other good men, to lead them into temptation
and destroy them? or to injure their good name, in failure of seduction?

“He is sure of the wicked; he lets them go their ways out of hand.

“I think your worship once delivered some such observation, in more
courtly guise, which I would not presume to ape.  If it was not your
worship, it was our glorious lady the queen, or the wise Master
Walsingham, or the great Lord Cecil.  I may have marred and broken it, as
sluts do a pancake, in the turning.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Why! ay, indeed, I had occasion once to remark as much.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“So have I heard in many places; although I was not present when Matthew
Atterend fought about it for the honour of Kineton hundred.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Fought about it!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“As your honour recollects.  Not but on other occasions he would have
fought no less bravely for the queen.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“We must get thee through, were it only for thy memory,—the most precious
gift among the mental powers that Providence hath bestowed upon us.  I
had half forgotten the thing myself.  Thou mayest, in time, take thy
satchel for London, and aid good old Master Holingshed.

“We must clear thee, Will!  I am slow to surmise that there is blood upon
thy hands!”

His worship’s choler had all gone down again; and he sat as cool and
comfortable as a man sitteth to be shaved.  Then called he on Euseby
Treen, and said,—

“Euseby Treen! tell us whether thou observedst anything unnoticed or
unsaid by the last witness.”

                              EUSEBY TREEN.

“One thing only, sir!

“When they had passed the water an owlet hooted after them; and
methought, if they had any fear of God before their eyes they would have
turned back, he cried so lustily.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Sir, I cannot forbear to take the owlet out of your mouth.  He knocks
them all on the head like so many mice.  Likely story!  One fellow hears
him cry lustily, the other doth not hear him at all!”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“Not hear him!  A body might have heard him at Barford or Sherbourne.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Why didst not name him?  Canst not answer me?”

                             JOSEPH CARNABY.

“_He_ doubted whether punt were punt; I doubted whether owlet were owlet,
after Lucifer was away from the roll-call.

“We say, _Speak the truth and shame the devil_; but shaming him is one
thing, your honour, and facing him another!  I have heard owlets, but
never owlet like him.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“The Lord be praised!  All, at last, a-running to my rescue.

“Owlet, indeed!  Your worship may have remembered in an ancient
book—indeed, what book is so ancient that your worship doth not remember
it?—a book printed by Doctor Faustus—”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Before he dealt with the devil?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Not long before, it being the very book that made the devil think it
worth his while to deal with him.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“What chapter thereof wouldst thou recall unto my recollection?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“That concerning owls, with the grim print afore it.

“Doctor Faustus, the wise doctor, who knew other than owls and owlets,
knew the tempter in that form.  Faustus was not your man for fancies and
figments; and he tells us that, to his certain knowledge, it was verily
an owl’s face that whispered so much mischief in the ear of our first
parent.

“One plainly sees it, quoth Doctor Faustus, under that gravity which in
human life we call dignity, but of which we read nothing in the Gospel.
We despise the hangman, we detest the hanged; and yet, saith Duns Scotus,
could we turn aside the heavy curtain, or stand high enough a-tiptoe to
peep through its chinks and crevices, we should perhaps find these two
characters to stand justly among the most innocent in the drama.  He who
blinketh the eyes of the poor wretch about to die doeth it out of mercy;
those who preceded him, bidding him in the garb of justice to shed the
blood of his fellow-man, had less or none.  So they hedge well their own
grounds, what care they?  For this do they catch at stakes and thorns, at
quick and rotten—”

Here Master Silas interrupted the discourse of the devil’s own doctor,
delivered and printed by him before he was the devil’s, to which his
worship had listened very attentively and delightedly.  But Master Silas
could keep his temper no longer, and cried, fiercely, “Seditious
sermonizer! hold thy peace, or thou shalt answer for ’t before
convocation.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Silas! thou dost not approve, then, the doctrine of this Doctor Duns?”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Heretical Rabbi!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“_If two of a trade can never agree_, yet surely two of a name may.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Who dares call me heretical? who dares call me rabbi? who dares call me
Scotus?  Spider! spider! yea, thou hast one corner left; I espy thee, and
my broom shall reach thee yet.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I perceive that Master Silas doth verily believe I have been guilty of
suborning the witnesses, at least the last, the best man (if any
difference) of the two.  No, sir, no.  If my family and friends have
united their wits and money for this purpose, be the crime of perverted
justice on their heads!  They injure whom they intended to serve.
Improvident men!—if the young may speak thus of the elderly; could they
imagine to themselves that your worship was to be hoodwinked and led
astray?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“No man shall ever dare to hoodwink me, to lead me astray,—no, nor lead
me anywise.  Powerful defence!  Heyday!  Sit quiet, Master Treen!—Euseby
Treen! dost hear me?  Clench thy fist again, sirrah! and I clap thee in
the stocks.

“Joseph Carnaby! do not scratch thy breast nor thy pate before me.”

Now Joseph had not only done that in his wrath, but had unbuckled his
leathern garter, fit instrument for strife and blood, and peradventure
would have smitten, had not the knight, with magisterial authority,
interposed.

His worship said unto him, gravely,—

“Joseph Carnaby!  Joseph Carnaby! hast thou never read the words ‘_Put up
thy sword_’?”

“Subornation! your worship!” cried Master Joe.  “The fellow hath ne’er a
shilling in leather or till, and many must go to suborn one like me.”

“I do believe it of thee,” said Sir Thomas; “but patience, man! patience!
he rather tended toward exculpating thee.  Ye have far to walk for
dinner; ye may depart.”

They went accordingly.

Then did Sir Thomas say, “These are hot men, Silas!”

And Master Silas did reply unto him,—

“There are brands that would set fire to the bulrushes in the mill-pool.
I know these twain for quiet folks, having coursed with them over
Wincott.”

Sir Thomas then said unto William, “It behooveth thee to stand clear of
yon Joseph, unless when thou mayest call to thy aid the Matthew Atterend
thou speakest of.  He did then fight valiantly, eh?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“His cause fought valiantly; his fist but seconded it.  He won,—proving
the golden words to be no property of our lady’s, although her Highness
hath never disclaimed them.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“What art thou saying?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“So I heard from a preacher at Oxford, who had preached at Easter in the
chapel-royal of Westminster.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Thou! why, how could that happen?  Oxford! chapel-royal!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“And to whom I said (your worship will forgive my forwardness), ‘_I have
the honour_, _sir_, _to live within two measured miles of the very Sir
Thomas Lucy who spake that_.’  And I vow I said it without any hope or
belief that he would invite me, as he did, to dine with him thereupon.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“There be nigh upon three miles betwixt this house and Stratford
bridge-end.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I dropt a mile in my pride and exultation, God forgive me!  I would not
conceal my fault.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Wonderful! that a preacher so learned as to preach before majesty in the
chapel-royal should not have caught thee tripping over a whole lawful
mile,—a good third of the distance between my house and the cross-roads.
This is incomprehensible in a scholar.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“God willed that he should become my teacher, and in the bowels of his
mercy hid my shame.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“How camest thou into the converse of such eminent and ghostly men?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“How, indeed?—everything against me!”

He sighed, and entered into a long discourse, which Master Silas would at
sundry times have interrupted, but that Sir Thomas more than once frowned
upon him, even as he had frowned heretofore on young Will, who thus began
and continued his narration:—

“Hearing the preacher preach at Saint Mary’s (for being about my father’s
business on Saturday, and not choosing to be a-horseback on Sundays,
albeit time-pressed, I footed it to Oxford for my edification on the
Lord’s day, leaving the sorrel with Master Hal Webster of the _Tankard
and Unicorn_)—hearing him preach, as I was saying, before the University
in St. Mary’s Church, and hearing him use moreover the very words that
Matthew fought about, I was impatient (God forgive me!) for the end and
consummation, and I thought I never should hear those precious words that
ease every man’s heart, ‘_Now to conclude_.’  However, come they did.  I
hurried out among the foremost, and thought the congratulations of the
other doctors and dons would last for ever.  He walked sharply off, and
few cared to keep his pace,—for they are lusty men mostly; and spiteful
bad women had breathed {89a} in the faces of some among them, or the
gowns had got between their legs.  For my part, I was not to be balked;
so, tripping on aside him, I looked in his face askance.  Whether he
misgave or how, he turned his eyes downward.  No matter—have him I would.
I licked my lips and smacked them loud and smart, and scarcely venturing
to nod, I gave my head such a sort of motion as dace and roach give an
angler’s quill when they begin to bite.  And this fairly hooked him.”

“‘Young gentleman!’ said he, ‘where is your gown?’

“‘Reverend sir!’ said I, ‘I am unworthy to wear one.’

“‘A proper youth, nevertheless, and mightily well-spoken!’ he was pleased
to say.

“‘Your reverence hath given me heart, which failed me,’ was my reply.
‘Ah! your reverence! those words about the devil were spicy words; but,
under favour, I do know the brook-side they sprang and flowered by.  ’T
is just where it runs into Avon; ’t is called Hogbrook.’

“‘Right!’ quoth he, putting his hand gently on my shoulder; ‘but if I had
thought it needful to say so in my sermon, I should have affronted the
seniors of the University, since many claim them, and some peradventure
would fain transpose them into higher places, and giving up all right and
title to them, would accept in lieu thereof the poor recompense of a
mitre.’

“I wished (unworthy wish for a Sunday!) I had Matthew Atterend in the
midst of them.  He would have given them skulls mitre-fashioned, if
mitres are cloven now as we see them on ancient monuments.  Matt is your
milliner for gentles, who think no more harm of purloining rich saws in a
mitre than lane-born boys do of embezzling hazel-nuts in a woollen cap.
I did not venture to expound or suggest my thoughts, but feeling my
choler rise higher and higher, I craved permission to make my obeisance
and depart.

“‘Where dost thou lodge, young man?’ said the preacher.

“‘At the public,’ said I, ‘where my father customarily lodgeth.  There,
too, is a mitre of the old fashion, swinging on the sign-post in the
middle of the street.’

“‘Respectable tavern enough!’ quoth the reverend doctor; ‘and worthy men
do turn in there, even quality,—Master Davenant, Master Powel, Master
Whorwood, aged and grave men.  But taverns are Satan’s chapels, and are
always well attended on the Lord’s day, to twit him.  Hast thou no friend
in such a city as Oxford?’

“‘Only the landlady of the Mitre,’ said I.

“‘A comely woman,’ quoth he, ‘but too young for business by half.

“‘Stay thou with me to-day, and fare frugally, but safely.

“‘What may thy name be, and where is thy abode?’

“‘William Shakspeare, of Stratford-upon-Avon, at your service, sir.’

“‘And welcome,’ said he; ‘thy father ere now hath bought our college
wool.  A truly good man we ever found him; and I doubt not he hath
educated his son to follow him in his paths.  There is in the blood of
man, as in the blood of animals, that which giveth the temper and
disposition.  These require nurture and culture.  But what nurture will
turn flint-stones into garden mould? or what culture rear cabbages in the
quarries of Hedington Hill?  To be well born is the greatest of all God’s
primary blessings, young man, and there are many well born among the poor
and needy.  Thou art not of the indigent and destitute, who have great
temptations; thou art not of the wealthy and affluent, who have greater
still.  God hath placed thee, William Shakspeare, in that pleasant
island, on one side whereof are the sirens, on the other the harpies, but
inhabiting the coasts on the wider continent, and unable to make their
talons felt, or their voices heard by thee.  Unite with me in prayer and
thanksgiving for the blessings thus vouchsafed.  We must not close the
heart when the finger of God would touch it.  Enough, if thou sayest
only, _My soul_, _praise thou the Lord_!’”

Sir Thomas said, “_Amen_!”  Master Silas was mute for the moment, but
then quoth he, “I can say amen too in the proper place.”

The knight of Charlecote, who appeared to have been much taken with this
conversation, then interrogated Willy:—

“What farther might have been thy discourse with the doctor? or did he
discourse at all at trencher-time?  Thou must have been very much abashed
to sit down at table with one who weareth a pure lambskin across his
shoulder, and moreover a pink hood.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Faith! was I, your honour! and could neither utter nor gulp.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“These are good signs.  Thou hast not lost all grace.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“With the encouragement of Dr. Glaston—”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“And was it Dr. Glaston?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Said I not so?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“The learnedst clerk in Christendom! a very Friar Bacon!  The Pope
offered a hundred marks in Latin to who should eviscerate or evirate
him,—poisons very potent, whereat the Italians are handy,—so apostolic
and desperate a doctor is Doctor Glaston! so acute in his quiddities, and
so resolute in his bearing!  He knows the dark arts, but stands aloof
from them.  Prithee, what were his words unto thee?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Manna, sir, manna! pure from the desert!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Ay, but what spake he? for most sermons are that, and likewise many
conversations after dinner.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“He spake of the various races and qualities of men, as before stated;
but chiefly on the elect and reprobate, and how to distinguish and know
them.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Did he go so far?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“He told me that by such discussion he should say enough to keep me
constantly out of evil company.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“See there! see there! and yet thou art come before me!—Can nothing warn
thee?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I dare not dissemble, nor feign, nor hold aught back, although it be to
my confusion.  As well may I speak at once the whole truth for your
worship could find it out if I abstained.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Ay, that I should indeed, and shortly.  But, come now, I am sated of thy
follies and roguish tricks, and yearn after the sound doctrine of that
pious man.  What expounded the grave Glaston upon signs and tokens
whereby ye shall be known?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Wonderful things! things beyond belief!  ‘There be certain men,’ quoth
he—”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“He began well.  This promises.  But why canst not thou go on?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“‘There be certain men, who, rubbing one corner of the eye, do see a
peacock’s feather at the other, and even fire.  We know, William, what
that fire is, and whence it cometh.  Those wicked men, William, all have
their marks upon them, be it only a corn, or a wart, or a mole, or a
hairy ear, or a toe-nail turned inward.  Sufficient, and more than
sufficient!  He knoweth his own by less tokens.  There is not one of them
that doth not sweat at some secret sin committed, or some inclination
toward it unsnaffled.

“‘Certain men are there, likewise, who venerate so little the glorious
works of the Creator that I myself have known them to sneeze at the sun!
Sometimes it was against their will, and they would gladly have checked
it had they been able; but they were forced to shew what they are.  In
our carnal state we say, _What is one against numbers_?  In another we
shall truly say, _What are numbers against one_?’”

Sir Thomas did ejaculate, “_Amen_!  _Amen_!”  And then his lips moved
silently, piously, and quickly; and then said he, audibly and loudly,—

“_And make us at last true Israelites_!”

After which he turned to young Willy, and said, anxiously,—

“Hast thou more, lad? give us it while the Lord strengtheneth.”

“Sir,” answered Willy, “although I thought it no trouble, on my return to
the _Mitre_, to write down every word I could remember, and although few
did then escape me, yet at this present I can bring to mind but scanty
sentences, and those so stray and out of order that they would only prove
my incapacity for sterling wisdom, and my incontinence of spiritual
treasure.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Even that sentence hath a twang of the doctor in it.  Nothing is so
sweet as humility.  The mountains may descend, but the valleys cannot
rise.  Every man should know himself.  Come, repeat what thou canst.  I
would fain have three or four more heads.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I know not whether I can give your worship more than one other.  Let me
try.  It was when Doctor Glaston was discoursing on the protection the
wise and powerful should afford to the ignorant and weak:—

“‘In the earlier ages of mankind, your Greek and Latin authors inform
you, there went forth sundry worthies, men of might, to deliver, not
wandering damsels, albeit for those likewise they had stowage, but
low-conditioned men, who fell under the displeasure of the higher, and
groaned in thraldom and captivity.  And these mighty ones were believed
to have done such services to poor humanity that their memory grew
greater than they, as shadows do than substances at day-fall.  And the
sons and grandsons of the delivered did laud and magnify those glorious
names; and some in gratitude, and some in tribulation, did ascend the
hills, which appeared unto them as altars bestrown with flowers and
herbage for heaven’s acceptance.  And many did go far into the quiet
groves, under lofty trees, looking for whatever was mightiest and most
protecting.  And in such places did they cry aloud unto the mighty who
had left them, “_Return_! _return_! _help us_! _help us_! _be blessed_!
_for ever blessed_!”

“‘Vain men! but had they stayed there, not evil.  Out of gratitude,
purest gratitude, rose idolatry.  For the devil sees the fairest, and
soils it.

“‘In these our days, methinks, whatever other sins we may fall into, such
idolatry is the least dangerous.  For neither on the one side is there
much disposition for gratitude, nor on the other much zeal to deliver the
innocent and oppressed.  Even this deliverance, although a merit, and a
high one, is not the highest.  Forgiveness is beyond it.  Forgive, or ye
shall not be forgiven.  This ye may do every day; for if ye find not
offences, ye feign them; and surely ye may remove your own work, if ye
may re-remove another’s.  To rescue requires more thought and wariness;
learn, then, the easier lesson first.  Afterward, when ye rescue any from
another’s violence, or from his own (which oftentimes is more dangerous,
as the enemies are within not only the penetrals of his house but of his
heart), bind up his wounds before ye send him on his way.  Should ye at
any time overtake the erring, and resolve to deliver him up, I will tell
you whither to conduct him.  Conduct him to his Lord and Master, whose
household he hath left.  It is better to consign him to Christ his
Saviour than to man his murderer; it is better to bid him live than to
bid him die.  The one word our Teacher and Preserver said, the other our
enemy and destroyer.  Bring him back again, the stray, the lost one bring
him back, not with clubs and cudgels, not with halberts and halters, but
generously and gently, and with the linking of the arm.  In this posture
shall God above smile upon ye; in this posture of yours he shall
recognize again his beloved Son upon earth.  Do ye likewise, and depart
in peace.’”

William had ended, and there was silence in the hall for some time after,
when Sir Thomas said,—

“He spake unto somewhat mean persons, who may do it without
disparagement.  I look for authority, I look for doctrine, and find none
yet.  If he could not have drawn us out a thread or two from the coat of
an apostle, he might have given us a smack of Augustin, or a sprig of
Basil.  Our older sermons are headier than these, Master Silas! our new
beer is the sweeter and clammier, and wants more spice.  The doctor hath
seasoned his with pretty wit enough, to do him justice, which in a sermon
is never out of place; for if there be the bane, there likewise is the
antidote.

“What dost thou think about it, Master Silas?”

                                SIR SILAS.

“I would not give ten farthings for ten folios of such sermons.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“These words, Master Silas, will oftener be quoted than any others of
thine; but rarely (do I suspect) as applicable to Doctor Glaston.  I must
stick unto his gown.  I must declare that, to my poor knowledge, many
have been raised to the bench of bishops for less wisdom and worse than
is contained in the few sentences I have been commanded by authority to
recite.  No disparagement to any body I know, Master Silas, and
multitudes bear witness, that thou above most art a dead hand at a
sermon.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Touch my sermons, wilt dare?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Nay, Master Silas, be not angered; it is courage enough to hear them.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Now, Silas, hold thy peace and rest contented.  He hath excused himself
unto thee, throwing in a compliment far above his station, and not
unworthy of Rome or Florence.  I did not think him so ready.  Our
Warwickshire lads are fitter for football than courtesies; and, sooth to
say, not only the inferior.”

His worship turned from Master Silas toward William, and said, “Brave
Willy, thou hast given us our bitters; we are ready now for any thing
solid.  What hast left?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Little or nothing, sir.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Well, give us that little or nothing.”

William Shakspeare was obedient to the commands of Sir Thomas, who had
spoken thus kindly unto him, and had deigned to cast at him from his
_lordly dish_ (as the Psalmist hath it) a fragment of facetiousness.

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Alas, sir! may I repeat it without offence, it not being doctrine but
admonition, and meant for me only?”

“Speak it the rather for that,” quoth Sir Thomas.

Then did William give utterance to the words of the preacher, not indeed
in his sermon at St. Mary’s, but after dinner.

“‘Lust seizeth us in youth, ambition in midlife, avarice in old age; but
vanity and pride are the besetting sins that drive the angels from our
cradle, pamper us with luscious and most unwholesome food, ride our first
stick with us, mount our first horse with us, wake with us in the
morning, dream with us in the night, and never at any time abandon us.
In this world, beginning with pride and vanity, we are delivered over
from tormentor to tormentor, until the worst tormentor of all taketh
absolute possession of us for ever, seizing us at the mouth of the grave,
enchaining us in his own dark dungeon, standing at the door, and laughing
at our cries.  But the Lord, out of his infinite mercy, hath placed in
the hand of every man the helm to steer his course by, pointing it out
with his finger, and giving him strength as well as knowledge to pursue
it.

“‘William! William! there is in the moral straits a current from right to
wrong, but no re-flux from wrong to right; for which destination we must
hoist our sails aloft and ply our oars incessantly, or night and the
tempest will overtake us, and we shall shriek out in vain from the
billows, and irrecoverably sink.’”

“Amen!” cried Sir Thomas most devoutly, sustaining his voice long and
loud.

“Open that casement, good Silas! the day is sultry for the season of the
year; it approacheth unto noontide.  The room is close, and those blue
flies do make a strange hubbub.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“In troth do they, sir; they come from the kitchen, and do savour
woundily of roast goose!  And, methinks—”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“What bethinkest thou?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“The fancy of a moment,—a light and vain one.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Thou relievest me; speak it!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“How could the creatures cast their coarse rank odour thus far?—even into
your presence!  A noble and spacious hall!  Charlecote, in my mind, beats
Warwick Castle, and challenges Kenilworth.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“The hall is well enough; I must say it is a noble hall,—a hall for a
queen to sit down in.  And I stuffed an arm-chair with horse-hair on
purpose, feathers over it, swan-down over them again, and covered it with
scarlet cloth of Bruges, five crowns the short ell.  But her highness
came not hither; she was taken short; she had a tongue in her ear.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Where all is spring, all is buzz and murmur.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Quaint and solid as the best yew hedge.  I marvel at thee.  A knight
might have spoken it, under favour.  They stopped her at Warwick—to see
what? two old towers that don’t match, {105a} and a portcullis that
(people say) opens only upon fast-days.  Charlecote Hall, I could have
told her sweet Highness, was built by those Lucys who came over with
Julius Cæsar and William the Conqueror, with cross and scallop-shell on
breast and beaver.”

“But, _honest Willy_!?—”

Such were the very words; I wrote them down with two signs in the
margent,—one a mark of admiration, as thus (!), the other of
interrogation (so we call it) as thus (?).

“But, honest Willy, I would fain hear more,” quoth he, “about the learned
Doctor Glaston.  He seemeth to be a man after God’s own heart.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Ay is he!  Never doth he sit down to dinner but he readeth first a
chapter of the Revelation; and if he tasteth a pound of butter at Carfax,
he saith a grace long enough to bring an appetite for a baked bull’s
{106a} —zle.  If this be not after God’s own heart, I know not what is.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I would fain confer with him, but that Oxford lieth afar off,—a matter
of thirty miles, I hear.  I might, indeed, write unto him; but our
Warwickshire pens are mighty broad-nibbed, and there is a something in
this plaguy ink of ours sadly ropy—”

“I fear there is,” quoth Willy.

“And I should scorn,” continued his worship, “to write otherwise than in
a fine Italian character to the master of a college, near in dignity to
knighthood.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Worshipful sir! is there no other way of communicating but by person, or
writing, or messages?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I will consider and devise.  At present I can think of none so
satisfactory.”

And now did the great clock over the gateway strike.  And Bill Shakspeare
did move his lips, even as Sir Thomas had moved his erewhile in
ejaculating.  And when he had wagged them twice or thrice after the
twelve strokes of the clock were over, again he ejaculated with voice
also, saying,—

“Mercy upon us! how the day wears!  Twelve strokes!  Might I retire,
please your worship, into the chapel for about three quarters of an hour,
and perform the service {108a} as ordained?”

Before Sir Thomas could give him leave or answer, did Sir Silas cry
aloud,—

“He would purloin the chalice, worth forty-eight shillings, and melt it
down in the twinkling of an eye, he is so crafty.”

But the knight was more reasonable, and said, reprovingly,—

“There now, Silas! thou talkest widely, and verily in malice, if there be
any in thee.”

“Try him,” answered Master Silas; “I don’t kneel where he does.  Could he
have but his wicked will of me he would chop my legs off, as he did the
poor buck’s.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“No, no, no; he hath neither guile nor revenge in him.  We may let him
have his way, now that he hath taken the right one.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Popery! sheer popery! strong as harts-horn!  Your papists keep these
outlandish hours for their masses and mummery.  Surely we might let God
alone at twelve o’clock!  Have we no bowels?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Gracious sir!  I do not urge it; and the time is now past by some
minutes.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Art thou popishly inclined, William?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Sir, I am not popishly inclined; I am not inclined to pay tribute of
coin or understanding to those who rush forward with a pistol at my
breast, crying, ‘_Stand_, _or you are a dead man_.’  I have but one guide
in faith,—a powerful, an almighty one.  He will not suffer to waste away
and vanish the faith for which he died.  He hath chosen in all countries
pure hearts for its depositaries; and I would rather take it from a
friend and neighbour, intelligent and righteous, and rejecting lucre,
than from some foreigner educated in the pride of cities or in the
moroseness of monasteries, who sells me what Christ gave me,—his own
flesh and blood.

“I can repeat by heart what I read above a year agone, albeit I cannot
bring to mind the title of the book in which I read it.  These are the
words,—

“‘The most venal and sordid of all the superstitions that have swept and
darkened our globe may, indeed, like African locusts, have consumed the
green corn in very extensive regions, and may return periodically to
consume it; but the strong, unwearied labourer who sowed it hath alway
sown it in other places less exposed to such devouring pestilences.
Those cunning men who formed to themselves the gorgeous plan of universal
dominion were aware that they had a better chance of establishing it than
brute ignorance or brute force could supply, and that soldiers and their
paymasters were subject to other and powerfuller fears than the
transitory ones of war and invasion.  What they found in heaven they
seized; what they wanted they forged.

“‘And so long as there is vice and ignorance in the world, so long as
fear is a passion, their dominion will prevail; but their dominion is
not, and never shall be, universal.  Can we wonder that it is so general?
Can we wonder that anything is wanting to give it authority and effect,
when every learned, every prudent, every powerful, every ambitious man in
Europe, for above a thousand years, united in the league to consolidate
it?

“‘The old dealers in the shambles, where Christ’s body is exposed for
sale in convenient marketable slices, {111a} have not covered with blood
and filth the whole pavement.  Beautiful usages are remaining
still,—kindly affections, radiant hopes, and ardent aspirations!

“‘It is a comfortable thing to reflect, as they do, and as we may do
unblamably, that we are uplifting to our Guide and Maker the same incense
of the heart, and are uttering the very words, which our dearest friends
in all quarters of the earth, nay in heaven itself, are offering to the
throne of grace at the same moment.

“‘Thus are we together through the immensity of space.  What are these
bodies?  Do they unite us?  No; they keep us apart and asunder even while
we touch.  Realms and oceans, worlds and ages, open before two spirits
bent on heaven.  What a choir surrounds us when we resolve to live
unitedly and harmoniously in Christian faith!’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Now, Silas, what sayest thou?”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Ignorant fool!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Ignorant fools are bearable, Master Silas! your wise ones are the
worst.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Prithee no bandying of loggerheads.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

   “Or else what mortal man shall say
   Whose shins may suffer in the fray?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Thou reasonest aptly and timest well.  And surely, being now in so
rational and religious a frame of mind, thou couldst recall to memory a
section or head or two of the sermon holden at St. Mary’s.  It would do
thee and us as much good as _Lighten our darkness_, or _Forasmuch as it
hath pleased_; and somewhat less than three quarters of an hour (maybe
less than one quarter) sufficeth.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Or he hangs without me.  I am for dinner in half the time.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Silas!  Silas! he hangeth not with thee or without thee.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“He thinketh himself a clever fellow; but he (look ye) is the cleverest
that gets off.”

“I hold quite the contrary,” quoth Will Shakspeare, winking at Master
Silas from the comfort and encouragement he had just received touching
the hanging.

And Master Silas had his answer ready, and shewed that he was more than a
match for poor Willy in wit and poetry.

He answered thus:—

   “If winks are wit,
   Who wanteth it?

Thou hadst other bolts to kill bucks withal.  In wit, sirrah, thou art a
mere child.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Little dogs are jealous of children, great ones fondle them.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“An that were written in the Apocrypha, in the very teeth of Bel and the
Dragon, it could not be truer.  I have witnessed it with my own eyes over
and over.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“He will take this for wit, likewise, now the arms of Lucy do seal it.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Silas, they may stamp wit, they may further wit, they may send wit into
good company, but not make it.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Behold my wall of defence!”

                                SIR SILAS.

“An thou art for walls, I have one for thee from Oxford, pithy and
apposite, sound and solid, and trimmed up becomingly, as a collar of
brawn with a crown of rosemary, or a boar’s head with a lemon in the
mouth.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Egad, Master Silas, those are your walls for lads to climb over, an they
were higher than Babel’s.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Have at thee!”

   “Thou art a wall
   To make the ball
      Rebound from.

   “Thou hast a back
   For beadle’s crack
      To sound from, to sound from.

The foolishest dolts are the ground-plot of the most wit, as the idlest
rogues are of the most industry.  Even thou hast brought wit down from
Oxford.  And before a thief is hanged, parliament must make laws,
attorneys must engross them, printers stamp and publish them, hawkers cry
them, judges expound them, juries weigh and measure them with offences,
then executioners carry them into effect.  The farmer hath already sown
the hemp, the ropemaker hath twisted it; sawyers saw the timber,
carpenters tack together the shell, grave-diggers delve the earth.  And
all this truly for fellows like unto thee.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Whom a God came down from heaven to save.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Silas! he hangeth not.  William, I must have the heads of the sermon,
six or seven of ’em; thou hast whetted my appetite keenly.  How! dost
duck thy pate into thy hat? nay, nay, that is proper and becoming at
church; we need not such solemnity.  Repeat unto us the setting forth at
St. Mary’s.”

Whereupon did William Shakspeare entreat of Master Silas that he would
help him in his ghostly endeavours, by repeating what he called the
_preliminary_ prayer; which prayer I find nowhere in our ritual, and do
suppose it to be one of those Latin supplications used in our learned
universities now or erewhile.

I am afeard it hath not the approbation of the strictly orthodox, for
inasmuch as Master Silas at such entreaty did close his teeth against it,
and with teeth thus closed did say, Athanasiuswise, “Go and be damned!”

Bill was not disheartened, but said he hoped better, and began thus:—

“‘My brethren!’ said the preacher, ‘or rather let me call you my
children, such is my age confronted with yours, for the most part,—my
children, then, and my brethren (for here are both), believe me, killing
is forbidden.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“This, not being delivered unto us from the pulpit by the preacher
himself, we may look into.  Sensible man! shrewd reasoner!  What a stroke
against deer-stealers! how full of truth and ruth!  Excellent discourse!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“The last part was the best.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I always find it so.  The softest of the cheesecake is left in the
platter when the crust is eaten.  He kept the best bit for the last,
then?  He pushed it under the salt, eh?  He told thee—”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Exactly so.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“What was it?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“‘Ye shall not kill.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“How I did he run in a circle like a hare?  One of his mettle should
break cover and off across the country like a fox or hart.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“‘And yet ye kill time when ye can, and are uneasy when ye cannot.’”

Whereupon did Sir Thomas say, aside unto himself, but within my hearing,—

“Faith and troth! he must have had a head in at the window here one day
or other.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“‘This sin cryeth unto the Lord.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“He was wrong there.  It is not one of those that cry; mortal sins cry.
Surely he could not have fallen into such an error! it must be thine;
thou misunderstoodest him.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Mayhap, sir!  A great heaviness came over me; I was oppressed in spirit,
and did feel as one awakening from a dream.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Godlier men than thou art do often feel the right hand of the Lord upon
their heads in like manner.  It followeth contrition, and precedeth
conversion.  Continue.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“‘My brethren and children,’ said the teacher, ‘whenever ye want to kill
time call God to the chase, and bid the angels blow the horn; and thus ye
are sure to kill time to your heart’s content.  And ye may feast another
day, and another after that—’”

Then said Master Silas unto me, concernedly,

“This is the mischief-fullest of all the devil’s imps, to talk in such
wise at a quarter past twelve!”

But William went straight on, not hearing him,

“‘—upon what ye shall, in such pursuit, have brought home with you.
Whereas, if ye go alone, or two or three together, nay, even if ye go in
thick and gallant company, and yet provide not that these be with ye, my
word for it, and a powerfuller word than mine, ye shall return to your
supper tired and jaded, and rest little when ye want to rest most.’”

“Hast no other head of the Doctor’s?” quoth Sir Thomas.

“Verily none,” replied Willy, “of the morning’s discourse, saving the
last words of it, which, with God’s help, I shall always remember.”

“Give us them, give us them,” said Sir Thomas.

“He wants doctrine; he wants authority; his are grains of millet,—grains
for unfledged doves; but they are sound, except the _crying_.

“Deliver unto us the last words; for the last of the preacher, as of the
hanged, are usually the best.”

Then did William repeat the concluding words of the discourse, being
these:—

“‘As years are running past us, let us throw something on them which they
cannot shake off in the dust and hurry of the world, but must carry with
them to that great year of all, whereunto the lesser of this mortal life
do tend and are subservient.’”

Sir Thomas, after a pause, and after having bent his knee under the
table, as though there had been the church-cushion, said unto us,—

“Here he spake _through a glass_, _darkly_, as blessed Paul hath it.”

Then turning toward Willy,—

“And nothing more?”

“Nothing but the _glory_,” quoth Willy, “at which there is always such a
clatter of feet upon the floor, and creaking of benches, and rustling of
gowns, and bustle of bonnets, and justle of cushions, and dust of mats,
and treading of toes, and punching of elbows, from the spitefuller, that
one wishes to be fairly out of it, after the scramble for _the peace of
God_ is at an end—”

Sir Thomas threw himself back upon his armchair, and exclaimed in
wonderment, “How!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“—and in the midst of the service again, were it possible.  For nothing
is painfuller than to have the pail shaken off the head when it is
brim-full of the waters of life, and we are walking staidly under it.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Had the learned Doctor preached again in the evening, pursuing the
thread of his discourse, he might, peradventure, have made up the
deficiencies I find in him.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“He had not that opportunity.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“The more’s the pity.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“The evening admonition, delivered by him unto the household—”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“What! and did he indeed shew wind enough for that?  Prithee out with it,
if thou didst put it into thy tablets.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Alack, sir! there were so many Latin words, I fear me I should be at
fault in such attempt.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Fear not; we can help thee out between us, were there a dozen or a
score.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Bating those latinities, I do verily think I could tie up again most of
the points in his doublet.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“At him then!  What was his bearing?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“In dividing his matter, he spooned out and apportioned the commons in
his discourse, as best suited the quality, capacity, and constitution of
his hearers.  To those in priests’ orders he delivered a sort of
catechism.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“He catechise grown men!  He catechise men in priests’ orders!—being no
bishop, nor bishop’s ordinary!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“He did so; it may be at his peril.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“And what else? for catechisms are baby’s pap.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“He did not catechise, but he admonished the richer gentlemen with gold
tassels for their top-knots.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“I thought as much.  It was no better in my time.  Admonitions fell
gently upon those gold tassels; and they ripened degrees as glass and
sunshine ripen cucumbers.  We priests, forsooth, are catechised!  The
worst question to any gold tasseller is, ‘_How do you do_?’  Old _Alma
Mater_ coaxes and would be coaxed.  But let her look sharp, or spectacles
may be thrust upon her nose that shall make her eyes water.  Aristotle
could make out no royal road to wisdom; but this old woman of ours will
shew you one, an you tip her.

“Tilley valley! {124a} catechise priests, indeed!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Peradventure he did it discreetly.  Let us examine and judge him.
Repeat thou what he said unto them.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“‘Many,’ said he, ‘are ingenuous, many are devout, some timidly, some
strenuously, but nearly all flinch, and rear, and kick, at the slightest
touch, or least inquisitive suspicion of an unsound part in their
doctrine.  And yet, my brethren, we ought rather to flinch and feel sore
at our own searching touch, our own serious inquisition into ourselves.
Let us preachers, who are sufficiently liberal in bestowing our advice
upon others, inquire of ourselves whether the exercise of spiritual
authority may not be sometimes too pleasant, tickling our breasts with a
plume from Satan’s wing, and turning our heads with that inebriating
poison which he hath been seen to instil into the very chalice of our
salvation.  Let us ask ourselves in the closet whether, after we have
humbled ourselves before God in our prayers, we never rise beyond the due
standard in the pulpit; whether our zeal for the truth be never
over-heated by internal fires less holy; whether we never grow stiffly
and sternly pertinacious, at the very time when we are reproving the
obstinacy of others; and whether we have not frequently so acted as if we
believed that opposition were to be relaxed and borne away by
self-sufficiency and intolerance.  Believe me, the wisest of us have our
catechism to learn; and these, my dear friends, are not the only
questions contained in it.  No Christian can hate; no Christian can
malign.  Nevertheless, do we not often both hate and malign those unhappy
men who are insensible to God’s mercies?  And I fear this unchristian
spirit swells darkly, with all its venom, in the marble of our hearts,
not because our brother is insensible to these mercies, but because he is
insensible to our faculty of persuasion, turning a deaf ear unto our
claim upon his obedience, or a blind or sleepy eye upon the fountain of
light, whereof we deem ourselves the sacred reservoirs.  There is one
more question at which ye will tremble when ye ask it in the recesses of
your souls; I do tremble at it, yet must utter it.  Whether we do not
more warmly and erectly stand up for God’s word because it came from our
mouths, than because it came from his?  Learned and ingenious men may
indeed find a solution and excuse for all these propositions; but the
wise unto salvation will cry, “Forgive me, O my God, if, called by thee
to walk in thy way, I have not swept this dust from the sanctuary!”’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“All this, methinks, is for the behoof of clerks and ministers.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“He taught them what they who teach others should learn and practise.
Then did he look toward the young gentlemen of large fortune; and lastly
his glances fell upon us poorer folk, whom he instructed in the duty we
owe to our superiors.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Ay, there he had a host.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“In one part of his admonition he said,—

“‘Young gentlemen! let not the highest of you who hear me this evening be
led into the delusion, for such it is, that the founder of his family was
_originally_ a greater or a better man than the lowest here.  He willed
it, and became it.  He must have stood low; he must have worked hard,—and
with tools, moreover, of his own invention and fashioning.  He waved and
whistled off ten thousand strong and importunate temptations; he dashed
the dice-box from the jewelled hand of Chance, the cup from Pleasure’s,
and trod under foot the sorceries of each; he ascended steadily the
precipices of Danger, and looked down with intrepidity from the summit;
he overawed Arrogance with Sedateness; he seized by the horn and
overleaped low Violence; and he fairly swung Fortune round.

“‘The very high cannot rise much higher; the very low may,—the truly
great must have done it.

“‘This is not the doctrine, my friends, of the silkenly and lawnly
religious; it wears the coarse texture of the fisherman, and walks
uprightly and straightforward under it.  I am speaking now more
particularly to you among us upon whom God hath laid the incumbrances of
wealth, the sweets whereof bring teazing and poisonous things about you,
not easily sent away.  What now are your pretensions under sacks of
money? or your enjoyments under the shade of genealogical trees?  Are
they rational?  Are they real?  Do they exist at all?  Strange
inconsistency! to be proud of having as much gold and silver laid upon
you as a mule hath, and yet to carry it less composedly!  The mule is not
answerable for the conveyance and discharge of his burden,—you are.
Stranger infatuation still! to be prouder of an excellent thing done by
another than by yourselves, supposing any excellent thing to have
actually been done; and, after all, to be more elated on his cruelties
than his kindnesses, by the blood he hath spilt than by the benefits he
had conferred; and to acknowledge less obligation to a well-informed and
well-intentioned progenitor than to a lawless and ferocious barbarian.
Would stocks and stumps, if they could utter words, utter such gross
stupidity?  Would the apple boast of his crab origin, or the peach of his
prune?  Hardly any man is ashamed of being inferior to his ancestors,
although it is the very thing at which the great should blush, if,
indeed, the great in general descended from the worthy.  I did expect to
see the day, and although I shall not see it, it must come at last, when
he shall be treated as a madman or an impostor who dares to claim
nobility or precedency and cannot shew his family name in the history of
his country.  Even he who can shew it, and who cannot write his own under
it in the same or as goodly characters, must submit to the imputation of
degeneracy, from which the lowly and obscure are exempt.

“‘He alone who maketh you wiser maketh you greater; and it is only by
such an implement that Almighty God himself effects it.  When he taketh
away a man’s wisdom he taketh away his strength, his power over others
and over himself.  What help for him then?  He may sit idly and swell his
spleen, saying,—_Who is this_? _who is that_? and at the question’s end
the spirit of inquiry dies away in him.  It would not have been so if, in
happier hour, he had said within himself, _Who am I_? _what am I_? and
had prosecuted the search in good earnest.

“‘When we ask who _this_ man is, or who _that_ man is, we do not expect
or hope for a plain answer; we should be disappointed at a direct, or a
rational, or a kind one.  We desire to hear that he was of low origin, or
had committed some crime, or been subjected to some calamity.  Whoever he
be, in general we disregard or despise him, unless we discover that he
possesseth by nature many qualities of mind and body which he never
brings into use, and many accessories of situation and fortune which he
brings into abuse every day.  According to the arithmetic in practice, he
who makes the most idlers and the most ingrates is the most worshipful.
But wiser ones than the scorers in this school will tell you how riches
and power were bestowed by Providence that generosity and mercy should be
exercised; for, if every gift of the Almighty were distributed in equal
portions to every creature, less of such virtues would be called into the
field; consequently there would be less of gratitude, less of submission,
less of devotion, less of hope, and, in the total, less of content.’”

Here he ceased, and Sir Thomas nodded, and said,—

“Reasonable enough! nay, almost too reasonable!”

“But where are the apostles?  Where are the disciples?  Where are the
saints?  Where is hell-fire?”

“Well! patience! we may come to it yet.  Go on, Will!”

With such encouragement before him, did Will Shakspeare take breath and
continue:—

“‘We mortals are too much accustomed to behold our superiors in rank and
station as we behold the leaves in the forest.  While we stand under
these leaves, our protection and refuge from heat and labour, we see only
the rougher side of them, and the gloominess of the branches on which
they hang.  In the midst of their benefits we are insensible to their
utility and their beauty, and appear to be ignorant that if they were
placed less high above us we should derive from them less advantage.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Ay; envy of superiority made the angels kick and run restive.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“May it please your worship! with all my faults, I have ever borne due
submission and reverence toward my superiors.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Very right! very scriptural!  But most folks do that.  Our duty is not
fulfilled unless we bear absolute veneration; unless we are ready to lay
down our lives and fortunes at the foot of the throne, and every thing
else at the foot of those who administer the laws under virgin majesty.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Honoured sir!  I am quite ready to lay down my life and fortune, and all
the rest of me, before that great virgin.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Thy life and fortune, to wit!

“What are they worth?  A June cob-nut, maggot and all.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Silas, we will not repudiate nor rebuff his Magdalen, that bringeth a
pot of ointment.  Rather let us teach and tutor than twit.  It is a
tractable and conducible youth, being in good company.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Teach and tutor!  Hold hard, sir!  These base varlets ought to be taught
but two things: to bow as beseemeth them to their betters, and to hang
perpendicular.  We have authority for it, that no man can add an inch to
his stature; but by aid of the sheriff I engage to find a chap who shall
add two or three to this whoreson’s.” {133a}

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Nay, nay, now, Silas! the lad’s mother was always held to be an honest
woman.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“His mother may be an honest woman for me.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“No small privilege, by my faith! for any woman in the next parish to
thee, Master Silas!”

                                SIR SILAS.

“There again! out comes the filthy runlet from the quagmire, that but now
lay so quiet with all its own in it.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Until it was trodden on by the ass that could not leap over it.  These,
I think, are the words of the fable.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“They are so.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“What fable?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Tush! don’t press him too hard; he wants not wit, but learning.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“He wants a rope’s-end; and a rope’s-end is not enough for him, unless we
throw in the other.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Peradventure he may be an instrument, a potter’s clay, a type, a token.

“I have seen many young men, and none like unto him.  He is shallow but
clear; he is simple, but ingenuous.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Drag the ford again, then.  In my mind he is as deep as the big tankard;
and a mouthful of rough burrage will be the beginning and end of it.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“No fear of that.  Neither, if rightly reported by the youngster, is
there so much doctrine in the doctor as we expected.  He doth not dwell
upon the main; he is worldly; he is wise in his generation,—he says
things out of his own head.

“Silas, that can’t hold!  We want _props—fulcrums_, I think you called
’em to the farmers; or was it _stimulums_?”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Both very good words.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I should be mightily pleased to hear thee dispute with that great don.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“I hate disputations.  Saint Paul warns us against them.  If one wants to
be thirsty, the tail of a stockfish is as good for it as the head of a
logician.

“The doctor there, at Oxford, is in flesh and mettle; but let him be
sleek and gingered as he may, clap me in St. Mary’s pulpit, cassock me,
lamb-skin me, give me pink for my colours, glove me to the elbow,
heel-piece me half an ell high, cushion me before and behind, bring me a
mug of mild ale and a rasher of bacon, only just to con over the text
withal; then allow me fair play, and as much of my own way as he had, and
the devil take the hindermost.  I am his man at any time.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I am fain to believe it.  Verily, I do think, Silas, thou hast as much
stuff in thee as most men.  Our beef and mutton at Charlecote rear other
than babes and sucklings.

“I like words taken, like thine, from black-letter books.  They look
stiff and sterling, and as though a man might dig about ’em for a week,
and never loosen the lightest.

“Thou hast alway at hand either saint or devil, as occasion needeth,
according to the quality of the sinner, and they never come uncalled for.
Moreover, Master Silas, I have observed that thy hell-fire is generally
lighted up in the pulpit about the dog-days.”

Then turned the worthy knight unto the youth, saying,—

“’T were well for thee, William Shakspeare, if the learned doctor had
kept thee longer in his house, and had shewn unto thee the danger of
idleness, which hath often led unto deer-stealing and poetry.  In thee we
already know the one, although the distemper hath eaten but skin-deep for
the present; and we have the testimony of two burgesses on the other.
The pursuit of poetry, as likewise of game, is unforbidden to persons of
condition.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Sir, that of game is the more likely to keep them in it.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“It is the more knightly of the two; but poetry hath also her pursuers
among us.  I myself, in my youth, had some experience that way; and I am
fain to blush at the reputation I obtained.  His honour, my father, took
me to London at the age of twenty; and, sparing no expense in my
education, gave fifty shillings to one Monsieur Dubois to teach me
fencing and poetry, in twenty lessons.  In vacant hours he taught us also
the laws of honour, which are different from ours.

“In France you are unpolite unless you solicit a judge or his wife to
favour your cause; and you inevitably lose it.  In France there is no
want of honour where there is no want of courage; you may lie, but you
must not hear that you lie.  I asked him what he thought then of lying;
and he replied,—

“‘_C’est selon_.’

“‘And suppose you should overhear the whisper?’

“‘_Ah_, _parbleu_!  _Cela m’irrite_; _cela me pousse au bout_.’

“I was going on to remark that a real man of honour could less bear to
lie than to hear it; when he cried, at the words _real man of honour_,—

“‘_Le voilà_, _Monsieur_! _le voilà_!’ and gave himself such a blow on
the breast as convinced me the French are a brave people.

“He told us that nothing but his honour was left him, but that it
supplied the place of all he had lost.  It was discovered some time
afterward that M. Dubois had been guilty of perjury, had been a spy, and
had lost nothing but a dozen or two of tin patty-pans, hereditary in his
family, his father having been a cook on his own account.

“William, it is well at thy time of life that thou shouldst know the
customs of far countries, particularly if it should be the will of God to
place thee in a company of players.  Of all nations in the world, the
French best understand the stage.  If thou shouldst ever write for it,
which God forbid, copy them very carefully.  Murders on their stage are
quite decorous and cleanly.  Few gentlemen and ladies die by violence who
would not have died by exhaustion.  ‘For they rant and rave until their
voice fails them, one after another; and those who do not die of it die
consumptive.  They cannot bear to see cruelty; they would rather see any
image than their own.’  These are not my observations, but were made by
Sir Everard Starkeye, who likewise did remark to Monsieur Dubois, that
‘cats, if you hold them up to the looking-glass, will scratch you
terribly; and that the same fierce animal, as if proud of its cleanly
coat and velvety paw, doth carefully put aside what other animals of more
estimation take no trouble to conceal.’

“‘Our people,’ said Sir Everard, ‘must see upon the stage what they never
could have imagined; so the best men in the world would earnestly take a
peep of hell through a chink, whereas the worser would skulk away.’

“Do not thou be their caterer, William!  Avoid the writing of comedies
and tragedies.  To make people laugh is uncivil, and to make people cry
is unkind.  And what, after all, are these comedies and these tragedies?
They are what, for the benefit of all future generations, I have myself
described them,—

   ‘The whimsies of wantons and stories of dread,
   That make the stout-hearted look under the bed.’

Furthermore, let me warn thee against the same on account of the vast
charges thou must stand at.  We Englishmen cannot find it in our hearts
to murder a man without much difficulty, hesitation, and delay.  We have
little or no invention for pains and penalties; it is only our acutest
lawyers who have wit enough to frame them.  Therefore it behooveth your
tragedy-man to provide a rich assortment of them, in order to strike the
auditor with awe and wonder.  And a tragedy-man, in our country, who
cannot afford a fair dozen of stabbed males, and a trifle under that mark
of poisoned females, and chains enow to moor a whole navy in dock, is but
a scurvy fellow at the best.  Thou wilt find trouble in purveying these
necessaries; and then must come the gim-cracks for the second
course,—gods, goddesses, fates, furies, battles, marriages, music, and
the maypole.  Hast thou within thee wherewithal?”

“Sir!” replied Billy, with great modesty, “I am most grateful for these
ripe fruits of your experience.  To admit delightful visions into my own
twilight chamber is not dangerous nor forbidden.  Believe me, sir, he who
indulges in them will abstain from injuring his neighbour; he will see no
glory in peril, and no delight in strife.

“The world shall never be troubled by any battles and marriages of mine,
and I desire no other music and no other maypole than have lightened my
heart at Stratford.”

Sir Thomas, finding him well-conditioned and manageable, proceeded:—

“Although I have admonished thee of sundry and insurmountable
impediments, yet more are lying in the pathway.  We have no verse for
tragedy.  One in his hurry hath dropped rhyme, and walketh like unto the
man who wanteth the left-leg stocking.  Others can give us rhyme indeed,
but can hold no longer after the tenth or eleventh syllable.  Now Sir
Everard Starkeye, who is a pretty poet, did confess to Monsieur Dubois
the potency of the French tragic verse, which thou never canst hope to
bring over.

“‘I wonder, Monsieur Dubois!’ said Sir Everard, ‘that your countrymen
should have thought it necessary to transport their heavy artillery into
Italy.  No Italian could stand a volley of your heroic verses from the
best and biggest pieces.  With these brought into action, you never could
have lost the battle of Pavia.’

“Now my friend Sir Everard is not quite so good a historian as he is a
poet; and Monsieur Dubois took advantage of him.

“‘Pardon!  Monsieur Sir Everard!’ said Monsieur Dubois, smiling at my
friend’s slip, ‘We did not lose the battle of Pavia.  We had the
misfortune to lose our king, who delivered himself up, as our kings
always do, for the good and glory of his country.’

“‘How was this?’ said Sir Everard, in surprise.

“‘I will tell you, Monsieur Sir Everard!’ said Monsieur Dubois.  ‘I had
it from my own father, who fought in the battle, and told my mother, word
for word.

“‘The king seeing his household troops, being only one thousand strong,
surrounded by twelve regiments, the best Spanish troops, amounting to
eighteen thousand four hundred and forty-two, although he doubted not of
victory, yet thought he might lose many brave men before the close of the
day, and rode up instantly to King Charles, and said,—

“‘“My brother!  I am loath to lose so many of those brave men yonder.
Whistle off your Spanish pointers, and I agree to ride home with you.”

“‘And so he did.  But what did King Charles?  Abusing French loyalty, he
made our Francis his prisoner, would you believe it? and treated him
worse than ever badger was treated at the bottom of any paltry
stable-yard, putting upon his table beer and Rhenish wine and wild boar.’

“I have digressed with thee, young man,” continued the knight, much to
the improvement of my knowledge, I do reverentially confess, as it was of
the lad’s.  “We will now,” said he, “endeavour our best to sober thee,
finding that Doctor Glaston hath omitted it.”

“Not entirely omitted it,” said William, gratefully; “he did after dinner
all that could be done at such a time toward it.  The doctor could,
however, speak only of the Greeks and Romans, and certainly what he said
of them gave me but little encouragement.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“What said he?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“He said, ‘The Greeks conveyed all their wisdom into their theatre,—their
stages were churches and parliament-houses; but what was false prevailed
over what was true.  They had their own wisdom, the wisdom of the
foolish.  Who is Sophocles, if compared to Doctor Hammersley of Oriel? or
Euripides, if compared to Doctor Prichard of Jesus?  Without the Gospel,
light is darkness; and with it, children are giants.

“‘William, I need not expatiate on Greek with thee, since thou knowest it
not, but some crumbs of Latin are picked up by the callowest beaks.  The
Romans had, as thou findest, and have still, more taste for murder than
morality, and, as they could not find heroes among them, looked for
gladiators.  Their only very high poet employed his elevation and
strength to dethrone and debase the Deity.  They had several others, who
polished their language and pitched their instruments with admirable
skill; several who glued over their thin and flimsy gaberdines many
bright feathers from the widespread downs of Ionia, and the richly
cultivated rocks of Attica.

“‘Some of them have spoken from inspiration; for thou art not to suppose
that from the heathen were withheld all the manifestations of the Lord.
We do agree at Oxford that the Pollio of Virgil is our Saviour.  True, it
is the dullest and poorest poem that a nation not very poetical hath
bequeathed unto us; and even the versification, in which this master
excelled, is wanting in fluency and sweetness.  I can only account for it
from the weight of the subject.  Two verses, which are fairly worth two
hundred such poems, are from another pagan; he was forced to sigh for the
church without knowing her.  He saith,—

   “May I gaze upon thee when my latest hour is come!
   May I hold thy hand when mine faileth me!”

This, if adumbrating the church, is the most beautiful thought that ever
issued from the heart of man; but if addressed to a wanton, as some do
opine, is filth from the sink, nauseating and insufferable.

“‘William! that which moveth the heart most is the best poetry; it comes
nearest unto God, the source of all power.’”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Yea; and he appeareth unto me to know more of poetry than of divinity.
Those ancients have little flesh upon the body poetical, and lack the
savour that sufficeth.  The Song of Solomon drowns all their voices: they
seem but whistlers and guitar-players compared to a full-cheeked
trumpeter; they standing under the eaves in some dark lane, he upon a
well-caparisoned stallion, tossing his mane and all his ribbons to the
sun.  I doubt the doctor spake too fondly of the Greeks; they were giddy
creatures.  William, I am loath to be hard on them; but they please me
not.  There are those now living who could make them bite their nails to
the quick, and turn green as grass with envy.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Sir, one of those Greeks, methinks, thrown into the pickle-pot, would be
a treasure to the housewife’s young jerkins.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Simpleton! simpleton! but thou valuest them justly.  Now attend.  If
ever thou shouldst hear, at Oxford or London, the verses I am about to
repeat, prithee do not communicate them to that fiery spirit Mat
Atterend.  It might not be the battle of two hundreds, but two counties;
a sort of York and Lancaster war, whereof I would wash my hands.
Listen!”

And now did Sir Thomas clear his voice, always high and sonorous, and did
repeat from the stores of his memory these rich and proud verses,—

   “‘Chloe! mean men must ever make mean loves;
   They deal in dog-roses, but I in cloves.
   They are just scorch’d enough to blow their fingers;
   I am a phœnix downright burnt to cinders.’”

At which noble conceits, so far above what poor Bill had ever imagined,
he lifted up his eyes to heaven, and exclaimed,—

“The world itself must be reduced to that condition before such glorious
verses die!  _Chloe_ and _Clove_!  Why, sir! Chloe wants but a V toward
the tail to become the very thing!  Never tell me that such matters can
come about of themselves.  And how truly is it said that we mean men deal
in dog-roses.

“Sir, if it were permitted me to swear on that holy Bible, I would swear
I never until this day heard that dog-roses were our provender; and yet
did I, no longer ago than last summer, write, not indeed upon a dog-rose,
but upon a sweet-briar, what would only serve to rinse the mouth withal
after the clove.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Repeat the same, youth.  We may haply give thee our counsel thereupon.”

Willy took heart, and lowering his voice, which hath much natural
mellowness, repeated these from memory:—

      “My briar that smelledst sweet
      When gentle spring’s first heat
         Ran through thy quiet veins,—
      Thou that wouldst injure none,
      But wouldst be left alone,—
   Alone thou leavest me, and nought of thine remains.

      “What! hath no poet’s lyre
      O’er thee, sweet-breathing briar,
         Hung fondly, ill or well?
      And yet methinks with thee
      A poet’s sympathy,
   Whether in weal or woe, in life or death, might dwell.

      “Hard usage both must bear,
      Few hands your youth will rear,
         Few bosoms cherish you;
      Your tender prime must bleed
      Ere you are sweet, but freed
   From life, you then are prized; thus prized are poets too.”

Sir Thomas said, with kind encouragement, “He who beginneth so discreetly
with a dog-rose, may hope to encompass a damask-rose ere he die.”

Willy did now breathe freely.  The commendation of a knight and
magistrate worked powerfully within him; and Sir Thomas said
furthermore,—

“These short matters do not suit me.  Thou mightest have added some moral
about life and beauty,—poets never handle roses without one; but thou art
young, and mayest get into the train.”

Willy made the best excuse he could; and no bad one it was, the knight
acknowledged; namely, that the sweet-briar was not really dead, although
left for dead.

“Then,” said Sir Thomas, “as life and beauty would not serve thy turn,
thou mightest have had full enjoyment of the beggar, the wayside, the
thieves, and the good Samaritan,—enough to tapestry the bridal chamber of
an empress.”

William bowed respectfully, and sighed.

“Ha! thou hast lost them, sure enough, and it may not be quite so fair to
smile at thy quandary,” quoth Sir Thomas.

“I did my best the first time,” said Willy, “and fell short the second.”

“That, indeed, thou must have done,” said Sir Thomas.  “It is a grievous
disappointment, in the midst of our lamentations for the dead, to find
ourselves balked.  I am curious to see how thou couldst help thyself.
Don’t be abashed; I am ready for even worse than the last.”

Bill hesitated, but obeyed:—

      “And art thou yet alive?
      And shall the happy hive
         Send out her youth to cull
      Thy sweets of leaf and flower,
      And spend the sunny hour
   With thee, and thy faint heart with murmuring music lull?

      “Tell me what tender care,
      Tell me what pious prayer,
         Bade thee arise and live.
      The fondest-favoured bee
      Shall whisper nought to thee
   More loving than the song my grateful muse shall give.”

Sir Thomas looked somewhat less pleased at the conclusion of these verses
than at the conclusion of the former, and said, gravely,—

“Young man! methinks it is betimes that thou talkest of having a muse to
thyself; or even in common with others.  It is only great poets who have
muses; I mean to say who have the right to talk in that fashion.  The
French, I hear, _Phœbus_ it and _muse-me_ it right and left; and boggle
not to throw all nine, together with mother and master, into the compass
of a dozen lines or thereabout.  And your Italian can hardly do without
’em in the multiplication-table.  We Englishmen do let them in quietly,
shut the door, and say nothing of what passes.  I have read a whole book
of comedies, and ne’er a muse to help the lamest.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Wonderful forbearance!  I marvel how the poet could get through.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“By God’s help.  And I think we did as well without ’em; for it must be
an unabashable man that ever shook his sides in their company.  They lay
heavy restraint both upon laughing and crying.  In the great master
Virgil of Rome, they tell me they come in to count the ships, and having
cast up the sum total, and proved it, make off again.  Sure token of two
things,—first, that he held ’em dog-cheap; secondly, that he had made but
little progress (for a Lombard born) in book-keeping at double entry.

“He, and every other great genius, began with small subject-matters,
gnats and the like.  I myself, similar unto him, wrote upon fruit.  I
would give thee some copies for thy copying, if I thought thou wouldst
use them temperately, and not render them common, as hath befallen the
poetry of some among the brightest geniuses.  I could shew thee how to
say new things, and how to time the same.  Before my day, nearly all the
flowers and fruits had been gathered by poets, old and young, _from the
cedar of Lebanon to the hyssop on the wall_; roses went up to Solomon,
apples to Adam, and so forth.

“Willy! my brave lad!  I was the first that ever handled a quince, I’ll
be sworn.

“Hearken!

   “Chloe!  I would not have thee wince
   That I unto thee send a quince.
   I would not have thee say unto ’t
   _Begone_! and trample ’t underfoot,
   For, trust me, ’t is no fulsome fruit.
   It came not out of mine own garden,
   But all the way from Henly in Arden,—
   Of an uncommon fine old tree,
   Belonging to John Asbury.
   And if that of it thou shalt eat,
   ’Twill make thy breath e’en yet more sweet;
   As a translation here doth shew,
   _On fruit-trees_, _by Jean Mirabeau_.
   The frontispiece is printed so.
   But eat it with some wine and cake,
   Or it may give the belly-ache. {153a}
   This doth my worthy clerk indite,
   I sign,

                                                 SIR THOMAS LUCY, Knight.”

“Now, Willy, there is not one poet or lover in twenty who careth for
consequences.  Many hint to the lady what to do, few what not to do
although it would oftentimes, as in this case, go to one’s heart to see
the upshot.”

“Ah, sir,” said Bill, in all humility, “I would make bold to put the
parings of that quince under my pillow, for sweet dreams and insights, if
Doctor Glaston had given me encouragement to continue the pursuit of
poetry.  Of a surety it would bless me with a bedful of churches and
crucifixions, duly adumbrated.”

Whereat Sir Thomas, shaking his head, did inform him,—

“It was in the golden age of the world, as pagans call it, that poets of
condition sent fruits and flowers to their beloved, with posies fairly
penned.  We, in our days, have done the like.  But manners of late are
much corrupted on the one side, if not on both.

“Willy! it hath been whispered that there be those who would rather have
a piece of brocade or velvet for a stomacher than the touchingest copy of
verses, with a bleeding heart at the bottom.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Incredible!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“’T is even so!”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“They must surely be rotten fragments of the world before the
flood,—saved out of it by the devil.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I am not of that mind.

“Their eyes, mayhap, fell upon some of the bravery cast ashore from the
Spanish Armada.  In ancienter days, a few pages of good poetry outvalued
a whole ell of the finest Genoa.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“When will such days return?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“It is only within these few years that corruption and avarice have made
such ghastly strides.  They always did exist, but were gentler.

“My youth is waning, and has been nigh upon these seven years, I being
now in my forty-eighth.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I have understood that the god of poetry is in the enjoyment of eternal
youth; I was ignorant that his sons were.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“No, child! we are hale and comely, but must go the way of all flesh.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Must it, can it, be?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Time was, my smallest gifts were acceptable, as thus recorded:—

   “From my fair hand, O will ye, will ye
   Deign humbly to accept a gilly-
      Flower for thy bosom, sugared maid!

   “Scarce had I said it ere she took it,
   And in a twinkling, faith! had stuck it,
      Where e’en proud knighthood might have laid.”

William was now quite unable to contain himself, and seemed utterly to
have forgotten the grievous charge against him; to such a pitch did his
joy o’erleap his jeopardy.

Master Silas in the meantime was much disquieted; and first did he strip
away all the white feather from every pen in the inkpot, and then did he
mend them, one and all, and then did he slit them with his thumb-nail,
and then did he pare and slash away at them again and then did he cut off
the tops, until at last he left upon them neither nib nor plume, nor
enough of the middle to serve as quill to a virginal.  It went to my
heart to see such a power of pens so wasted; there could not be fewer
than five.  Sir Thomas was less wary than usual, being overjoyed.  For
great poets do mightly affect to have little poets under them; and little
poets do forget themselves in great company, as fiddlers do, who _hail
fellow well met_ even with lords.

Sir Thomas did not interrupt our Bill’s wild gladness.  I never thought
so worshipful a personage could bear so much.  At last he said unto the
lad,—

“I do bethink me, if thou hearest much more of my poetry, and the success
attendant thereon, good Doctor Glaston would tear thy skirt off ere he
could drag thee back from the occupation.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I fear me, for once, all his wisdom would sluice out in vain.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“It was reported to me that when our virgin queen’s highness (her Dear
Dread’s {157a} ear not being then poisoned) heard these verses, she said
before her courtiers, to the sore travail of some, and heart’s content of
others,—

“‘We need not envy our young cousin James of Scotland his ass’s bite of a
thistle, having such flowers as these gillyflowers on the chimney-stacks
of Charlecote.’

“I could have told her highness that all this poetry, from beginning to
end, was real matter of fact, well and truly spoken by mine own self.  I
had only to harness the rhymes thereunto, at my leisure.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“None could ever doubt it.  Greeks and Trojans may fight for the quince;
neither shall have it

   While a Warwickshire lad
   Is on earth to be had,
   With a wand to wag
   On a trusty nag,
   He shall keep the lists
   With cudgel or fists.
   And black shall be whose eye
   Looks evil on Lucy.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Nay, nay, nay! do not trespass too soon upon heroics.  Thou seest thou
canst not hold thy wind beyond eight lines.  What wouldst thou do under
the heavy mettle that should have wrought such wonders at Pavia, if thou
findest these petards so troublesome in discharging?  Surely, the good
doctor, had he entered at large on the subject, would have been very
particular in urging this expostulation.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Sir, to my mortification I must confess that I took to myself the
counsel he was giving to another; a young gentleman who, from his pale
face, his abstinence at table, his cough, his taciturnity, and his
gentleness, seemed already more than half poet.  To him did Doctor
Glaston urge, with all his zeal and judgment, many arguments against the
vocation; telling him that, even in college, he had few applauders, being
the first, and not the second or third, who always are more fortunate;
reminding him that he must solicit and obtain much interest with men of
rank and quality, before he could expect their favour; and that without
it the vein chilled, the nerve relaxed, and the poet was left at next
door to the bellman.  ‘In the coldness of the world,’ said he, ‘in the
absence of ready friends and adherents, to light thee upstairs to the
richly tapestried chamber of the muses, thy spirits will abandon thee,
thy heart will sicken and swell within thee; overladen, thou wilt make, O
Ethelbert! a slow and painful progress, and ere the door open, sink.
Praise giveth weight unto the wanting, and happiness giveth elasticity
unto the heavy.  As the mightiest streams of the unexplored world,
America, run languidly in the night, {159a} and await the sun on high to
contend with him in strength and grandeur, so doth genius halt and pause
in the thraldom of outspread darkness, and move onward with all his
vigour then only when creative light and jubilant warmth surround him.’

“Ethelbert coughed faintly; a tinge of red, the size of a rose-bud,
coloured the middle of his cheek; and yet he seemed not to be pained by
the reproof.  He looked fondly and affectionately at his teacher, who
thus proceeded:

“‘My dear youth, do not carry the stone of Sisyphus on thy shoulder to
pave the way to disappointment.  If thou writest but indifferent poetry
none will envy thee, and some will praise thee; but nature, in her
malignity, hath denied unto thee a capacity for the enjoyment of such
praise.  In this she hath been kinder to most others than to thee; we
know wherein she hath been kinder to thee than to most others.  If thou
writest good poetry many will call it flat, many will call it obscure,
many will call it inharmonious; and some of these will speak as they
think; for, as in giving a feast to great numbers, it is easier to
possess the wine than to procure the cups, so happens it in poetry; thou
hast the beverage of thy own growth, but canst not find the recipients.
What is simple and elegant to thee and me, to many an honest man is flat
and sterile; what to us is an innocently sly allusion, to as worthy a one
as either of us is dull obscurity; and that moreover which swims upon our
brain, and which throbs against our temples, and which we delight in
sounding to ourselves when the voice has done with it, touches their ear,
and awakens no harmony in any cell of it.  Rivals will run up to thee and
call thee a plagiary, and, rather than that proof should be wanting,
similar words to some of thine will be thrown in thy teeth out of
Leviticus and Deuteronomy.

“‘Do you desire calm studies?  Do you desire high thoughts?  Penetrate
into theology.  What is nobler than to dissect and discern the opinions
of the gravest men upon the subtlest matters?  And what glorious
victories are those over Infidelity and Scepticism!  How much loftier,
how much more lasting in their effects, than such as ye are invited unto
by what this ingenious youth hath contemptuously and truly called

   “The swaggering drum, and trumpet hoarse with rage.”

And what a delightful and edifying sight it is, to see hundreds of the
most able doctors, all stripped for the combat, each closing with his
antagonist, and tugging and tearing, tooth and nail, to lay down and
establish truths which have been floating in the air for ages, and which
the lower order of mortals are forbidden to see, and commanded to
embrace.  And then the shouts of victory!  And then the crowns of
amaranth held over their heads by the applauding angels!  Besides, these
combats have other great and distinct advantages.  Whereas, in the
carnal, the longer ye contend the more blows do ye receive; in these
against Satan, the more fiercely and pertinaciously ye drive at him, the
slacker do ye find him; every good hit makes him redden and rave with
anger, but diminishes its effect.

“‘My dear friends, who would not enter a service in which he may give
blows to his mortal enemy, and receive none; and in which not only the
eternal gain is incalculable, but also the temporal, at four-and-twenty,
may be far above the emolument of generals, who, before the priest was
born, had bled profusely for their country, established her security,
brightened her glory, and augmented her dominions?’”

At this pause did Sir Thomas turn unto Sir Silas, and asked,—

“What sayest thou, Silas?”

Whereupon did Sir Silas make answer,—

“I say it is so, and was so, and should be so, and shall be so.  If the
queen’s brother had not sopped the priests and bishops out of the
Catholic cup, they could have held the Catholic cup in their own hands,
instead of yielding it into his.  They earned their money; if they sold
their consciences for it, the business is theirs, not ours.  I call this
facing the devil with a vengeance.  We have their coats; no matter who
made ’em,—we have ’em, I say, and we will wear ’em; and not a button,
tag, or tassel, shall any man tear away.”

Sir Thomas then turned to Willy, and requested him to proceed with the
doctor’s discourse, who thereupon continued:—

“‘Within your own recollections, how many good, quiet, inoffensive men,
unendowed with any extraordinary abilities, have been enabled, by means
of divinity, to enjoy a long life in tranquillity and affluence?’

“Whereupon did one of the young gentlemen smile, and, on small
encouragement from Doctor Glaston to enounce the cause thereof, he
repeated these verses, which he gave afterward unto me:—

      “‘In the names on our books
      Was standing Tom Flooke’s,
   Who took in due time his degrees;
      Which when he had taken,
      Like Ascham or Bacon,
   By night he could snore and by day he could sneeze.

      “‘Calm, pithy, pragmatical, {164a}
      Tom Flooke he could at a call
   Rise up like a hound from his sleep;
      And if many a quarto
      He gave not his heart to,
   If pellucid in lore, in his cups he was deep.

      “‘He never did harm,
      And his heart might be warm,
   For his doublet most certainly was so;
      And now has Torn Flooke
      A quieter nook
   Than ever had Spenser or Tasso.

      “‘He lives in his house,
      As still as a mouse,
   Until he has eaten his dinner;
      But then doth his nose
      Outroar all the woes
   That encompass the death of a sinner.

      “‘And there oft has been seen
      No less than a dean
   To tarry a week in the parish,
      In October and March,
      When deans are less starch,
   And days are less gleamy and garish.

      “‘That Sunday Tom’s eyes
      Look’d always more wise,
   He repeated more often his text;
      Two leaves stuck together,
      (The fault of the weather)
   And . . . _the rest ye shall hear in my next_.

      “‘At mess he lost quite
      His small appetite,
   By losing his friend the good dean;
      The cook’s sight must fail her!
      The eggs sure are staler!
   The beef, too!—why, what can it mean?

      “‘He turned off the butcher,
      To the cook could he clutch her,
   What his choler had done there’s no saying—
      ’T is verily said
      He smote low the cock’s head,
   And took other pullets for laying.’

“On this being concluded, Doctor Glaston said he shrewdly suspected an
indigestion on the part of Mr. Thomas Flooke, caused by sitting up late
and studying hard with Mr. Dean; and he protested that theology itself
should not carry us into the rawness of the morning air, particularly in
such critical months as March and October, in one of which the sap rises,
in the other sinks, and there are many stars very sinister.”

Sir Thomas shook his head, and declared he would not be uncharitable to
rector, or dean, or doctor, but that certain surmises swam uppermost.  He
then winked at Master Silas, who said, incontinently,—

“You have it, Sir Thomas!  The blind buzzards! with their stars and
saps!”

“Well, but Silas! you yourself have told us over and over again, in
church, that there are _arcana_.”

“So there are,—I uphold it,” replied Master Silas; “but a fig for the
greater part, and a fig-leaf for the rest.  As for these signs, they are
as plain as any page in the Revelation.”

Sir Thomas, after short pondering, said, scoffingly,—

“In regard to the rawness of the air having any effect whatsoever on
those who discourse orthodoxically on theology, it is quite as absurd as
to imagine that a man ever caught cold in a Protestant church.  I am
rather of opinion that it was a judgment on the rector for his
evil-mindedness toward the cook, the Lord foreknowing that he was about
to be wilful and vengeful in that quarter.  It was, however, more
advisedly that he took other pullets, on his own view of the case,
although it might be that the same pullets would suit him again as well
as ever, when his appetite should return; for it doth not appear that
they were loath to lay, but laid somewhat unsatisfactorily.

“Now, youth,” continued his worship, “if in our clemency we should spare
thy life, study this higher elegiacal strain which thou hast carried with
thee from Oxford; it containeth, over and above an unusual store of
biography, much sound moral doctrine, for those who are heedful in the
weighing of it.  And what can be more affecting than—

      ‘At mess he lost quite
      His small appetite,
   By losing his friend the good dean’?

And what an insight into character!  Store it up; store it up!  _Small
appetite_, particular; _good dean_, generick.”

Hereupon did Master Silas jerk me with his indicative joint, the elbow to
wit, and did say in my ear,—

“He means _deanery_.  Give me one of those bones so full of marrow, and
let my lord bishop have all the meat over it, and welcome.  If a dean is
not on his stilts, he is not on his stumps; he stands on his own ground;
he is a _noli-metangeretarian_.”

“What art thou saying of those sectaries, good Master Silas?” quoth Sir
Thomas, not hearing him distinctly.

“I was talking of the dean,” replied Master Silas.  “He was the very dean
who wrote and sang that song called the _Two Jacks_.”

“Hast it?” asked he.

Master Silas shook his head, and, trying in vain to recollect it, said at
last,—

“After dinner it sometimes pops out of a filbert-shell in a crack; and I
have known it float on the first glass of Herefordshire cider; it also
hath some affinity with very stiff and old bottled beer; but in a morning
it seemeth unto me like a remnant of over-night.”

“Our memory waneth, Master Silas!” quoth Sir Thomas, looking seriously.
“If thou couldst repeat it, without the grimace of singing, it were not
ill.”

Master Silas struck the table with his fist, and repeated the first stave
angrily; but in the second he forgot the admonition of Sir Thomas, and
did sing outright,—

      “Jack Calvin and Jack Cade,
      Two gentles of one trade,
         Two tinkers,
      Very gladly would pull down
      Mother Church and Father Crown,
      And would starve or would drown
         Right thinkers.

      “Honest man! honest man!
      Fill the can, fill the can,
   They are coming! they are coming! they are coming!
      If any drop be left,
      It might tempt ’em to a theft—
   Zooks! it was only the ale that was humming.”

“In the first stave, gramercy! there is an awful verity,” quoth Sir
Thomas; “but I wonder that a dean should let his skewer slip out, and his
fat catch fire so wofully, in the second.  Light stuff, Silas, fit only
for ale-houses.”

Master Silas was nettled in the nose, and answered,—

“Let me see the man in Warwickshire, and in all the counties round, who
can run at such a rate with so light a feather in the palm of his hand.
I am no poet, thank God! but I know what folks can do, and what folks
cannot do.”

“Well, Silas,” replied Sir Thomas, “after thy thanksgiving for being no
poet, let us have the rest of the piece.”

“The rest!” quoth Master Silas.  “When the ale hath done with its
humming, it is time, methinks, to dismiss it.  Sir, there never was any
more; you might as well ask for more after Amen or the see of
Canterbury.”

Sir Thomas was dissatisfied, and turned off the discourse; and
peradventure he grew more inclined to be gracious unto Willy from the
slight rub his chaplain had given him, were it only for the contrariety.
When he had collected his thoughts he was determined to assert his
supremacy on the score of poetry.

“Deans, I perceive, like other quality,” said he, “cannot run on long
together.  My friend, Sir Everard Starkeye, could never overleap four
bars.  I remember but one composition of his, on a young lady who mocked
at his inconsistency, in calling her sometimes his Grace and at other
times his Muse.

   ‘My Grace shall Fanny Carew be,
      While here she deigns to stay;
   And (ah, how sad the change for me!)
      My Muse when far away!’

And when we laughed at him for turning his back upon her after the fourth
verse, all he could say for himself was, that he would rather a game at
_all fours_ with Fanny, than _ombre_ and _picquet_ with the finest
furbelows in Christendom.  Men of condition do usually want a belt in the
course.”

Whereunto said Master Silas,—

“Men out of condition are quite as liable to lack it, methinks.”

“Silas!  Silas!” replied the knight, impatiently, “prithee keep to thy
divinity, thy strong hold upon Zion; thence none that faces thee can draw
thee without being bitten to the bone.  Leave poetry to me.”

“With all my heart,” quoth Master Silas, “I will never ask a belt from
her, until I see she can afford to give a shirt.  She has promised a
belt, indeed,—not one, however, that doth much improve the wind,—to this
lad here, and will keep her word; but she was forced to borrow the
pattern from a Carthusian friar, and somehow it slips above the
shoulder.”

“I am by no means sure of that,” quoth Sir Thomas.  “He shall have fair
play.  He carrieth in his mind many valuable things, whereof it hath
pleased Providence to ordain him the depository.  He hath laid before us
certain sprigs of poetry from Oxford, trim as pennyroyal, and larger
leaves of household divinity, the most mildly-savoured,—pleasant in
health and wholesome in sickness.”

“I relish not such mutton-broth divinity,” said Master Silas.  “It makes
me sick in order to settle my stomach.”

“We may improve it,” said the knight, “but first let us hear more.”

Then did William Shakspeare resume Dr. Glaston’s discourse.

“‘Ethelbert!  I think thou walkest but little; otherwise I should take
thee with me, some fine fresh morning, as far as unto the first hamlet on
the Cherwell.  There lies young Wellerby, who, the year before, was wont
to pass many hours of the day poetising amid the ruins of Godstow
nunnery.  It is said that he bore a fondness toward a young maiden in
that place, formerly a village, now containing but two old farm-houses.
In my memory there were still extant several dormitories.  Some love-sick
girl had recollected an ancient name, and had engraven on a stone with a
garden-nail, which lay in rust near it,—

                              “POORE ROSAMUND.”

I entered these precincts, and beheld a youth of manly form and
countenance, washing and wiping a stone with a handful of wet grass; and
on my going up to him, and asking what he had found, he shewed it to me.
The next time I saw him was near the banks of the Cherwell.  He had
tried, it appears, to forget or overcome his foolish passion, and had
applied his whole mind unto study.  He was foiled by his competitor; and
now he sought consolation in poetry.  Whether this opened the wounds that
had closed in his youthful breast, and malignant Love, in his revenge,
poisoned it; or whether the disappointment he had experienced in finding
others preferred to him, first in the paths of fortune, then in those of
the muses,—he was thought to have died broken-hearted.

“‘About half a mile from St. John’s College is the termination of a
natural terrace, with the Cherwell close under it, in some places bright
with yellow and red flowers glancing and glowing through the stream, and
suddenly in others dark with the shadows of many different trees, in
broad, overbending thickets, and with rushes spear-high, and
party-coloured flags.

“‘After a walk in Midsummer, the emersion of our hands into the cool and
closing grass is surely not the least among our animal delights.  I was
just seated, and the first sensation of rest vibrated in me gently, as
though it were music to the limbs, when I discovered by a hollow in the
herbage that another was near.  The long meadow-sweet and blooming burnet
half concealed from me him whom the earth was about to hide totally and
for ever.

“‘Master Batchelor,’ said I, ‘it is ill-sleeping by the water-side.’

“‘No answer was returned.  I arose, went to the place, and recognised
poor Wellerby.  His brow was moist, his cheek was warm.  A few moments
earlier, and that dismal lake whereunto and wherefrom the waters of life,
the buoyant blood, ran no longer, might have received one vivifying ray
reflected from my poor casement.  I might not indeed have comforted—I
have often failed; but there is one who never has; and the strengthener
of the bruised reed should have been with us.

“‘Remembering that his mother did abide one mile further on, I walked
forward to the mansion, and asked her what tidings she lately had
received of her son.  She replied that, having given up his mind to light
studies, the fellows of the college would not elect him.  The master had
warned him beforehand to abandon his selfish poetry, take up manfully the
quarterstaff of logic, and wield it for St. John’s, come who would into
the ring.  “‘We want our man,’” said he to me, “‘and your son hath failed
us in the hour of need.  Madam, he hath been foully beaten in the schools
by one he might have swallowed, with due exercise.’”

“‘“I rated him, told him I was poor, and he knew it.  He was stung, and
threw himself upon my neck, and wept.  Twelve days have passed since, and
only three rainy ones.  I hear he has been seen upon the knoll yonder;
but hither he hath not come.  I trust he knows at last the value of time,
and I shall be heartily glad to see him after this accession of
knowledge.  Twelve days, it is true, are rather a chink than a gap in
time; yet, O gentle sir, they are that chink which makes the vase quite
valueless.  There are light words which may never be shaken off the mind
they fall on.  My child, who was hurt by me, will not let me see the
marks.”

“‘“Lady,” said I, “none are left upon him.  Be comforted! thou shalt see
him this hour.  All that thy God hath not taken is yet thine.”  She
looked at me earnestly, and would have then asked something, but her
voice failed her.  There was no agony, no motion, save in the lips and
cheeks.  Being the widow of one who fought under Hawkins, she remembered
his courage and sustained the shock, saying calmly, “God’s will be done!
I pray that he find me as worthy as he findeth me willing to join them.”

“‘Now, in her unearthly thoughts she had led her only son to the bosom of
her husband; and in her spirit (which often is permitted to pass the
gates of death with holy love) she left them both with their Creator.

“‘The curate of the village sent those who should bring home the body;
and some days afterward he came unto me, beseeching me to write the
epitaph.  Being no friend to stonecutters’ charges, I entered not into
biography, but wrote these few words:—

                              JOANNES WELLERBY,
                         LITERARUM QUÆSIVIT GLORIAM,
                                 VIDET DEI.’”

“Poor tack! poor tack!” sourly quoth Master Silas.  “If your wise doctor
could say nothing more about the fool, who died like a rotten sheep among
the darnels, his Latin might have held out for the father, and might have
told people he was as cool as a cucumber at home, and as hot as pepper in
battle.  Could he not find room enough on the whinstone, to tell the
folks of the village how he played the devil among the dons, burning
their fingers when they would put thumbscrews upon us, punching them in
the weasand as a blacksmith punches a horse-shoe, and throwing them
overboard like bilgewater?

“Has Oxford lost all her Latin?  Here is no _capitani filius_; no more
mention of family than a Welchman would have allowed him; no _hîc jacet_;
and, worse than all, the devil a tittle of _spe redemptionis_, or _anno
Domini_.”

“Willy!” quoth Sir Thomas, “I shrewdly do suspect there was more, and
that thou hast forgotten it.”

“Sir!” answered Willy, “I wrote not down the words, fearing to mis-spell
them, and begged them of the doctor, when I took my leave of him on the
morrow; and verily he wrote down all he had repeated.  I keep them always
in the tin-box in my waistcoat-pocket, among the eel-hooks, on a scrap of
paper a finger’s length and breadth, folded in the middle to fit.  And
when the eels are running, I often take it out and read it before I am
aware.  I could as soon forget my own epitaph as this.”

“Simpleton!” said Sir Thomas, with his gentle, compassionate smile; “but
thou hast cleared thyself.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“I think the doctor gave one idle chap as much solid pudding as he could
digest, with a slice to spare for another.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“And yet after this pudding the doctor gave him a spoonful of custard,
flavoured with a little bitter, which was mostly left at the bottom for
the other idle chap.”

Sir Thomas not only did endure this very goodnaturedly, but deigned even
to take in good part the smile upon my countenance, as though he were a
smile collector, and as though his estate were so humble that he could
hold his laced bonnet (in all his bravery) for bear and fiddle.

He then said unto Willy,

“Place likewise this custard before us.”

“There is but little of it; the platter is shallow,” replied he; “’t was
suited to Master Ethelbert’s appetite.  The contents were these:

“‘The things whereon thy whole soul brooded in its innermost recesses,
and with all its warmth and energy, will pass unprized and unregarded,
not only throughout thy lifetime but long after.  For the higher beauties
of poetry are beyond the capacity, beyond the vision of almost all.  Once
perhaps in half a century a single star is discovered, then named and
registered, then mentioned by five studious men to five more; at last
some twenty say, or repeat in writing, what they have heard about it.
Other stars await other discoveries.  Few and solitary and wide asunder
are those who calculate their relative distances, their mysterious
influences, their glorious magnitude, and their stupendous height.  ’T is
so, believe me, and ever was so, with the truest and best poetry.  Homer,
they say, was blind; he might have been ere he died,—that he sat among
the blind, we are sure.

“‘Happy they who, like this young lad from Stratford, write poetry on the
saddle-bow when their geldings are jaded, and keep the desk for better
purposes.’

“The young gentlemen, like the elderly, all turned their faces toward me,
to my confusion, so much did I remark of sneer and scoff at my cost.
Master Ethelbert was the only one who spared me.  He smiled and said,—

“‘Be patient!  From the higher heavens of poetry, it is long before the
radiance of the brightest star can reach the world below.  We hear that
one man finds out one beauty, another man finds out another, placing his
observatory and instruments on the poet’s grave.  The worms must have
eaten us before it is rightly known what we are.  It is only when we are
skeletons that we are boxed and ticketed, and prized and shewn.  Be it
so!  I shall not be tired of waiting.’”

“Reasonable youth!” said Sir Thomas; “yet both he and Glaston walk rather
_a-straddle_, methinks.  They might have stepped up to thee more
straightforwardly, and told thee the trade ill suiteth thee, having
little fire, little fantasy, and little learning.  Furthermore, that one
poet, as one bull, sufficeth for two parishes, and that where they are
stuck too close together they are apt to fire, like haystacks.  I have
known it myself; I have had my malignants and scoffers.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I never could have thought it!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“There again!  Another proof of thy inexperience.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Mat Atterend!  Mat Atterend! where wert thou sleeping?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I shall now from my own stores impart unto thee what will avail to tame
thee, shewing the utter hopelessness of standing on that golden
weathercock which supporteth but one at a time.

“The passion for poetry wherewith Monsieur Dubois would have inspired me,
as he was bound to do, being paid beforehand, had cold water thrown upon
it by that unlucky one, Sir Everard.  He ridiculed the idea of male and
female rhymes, and the necessity of trying them as rigidly by the eye as
by the ear,—saying to Monsieur Dubois that the palate, in which the
French excel all mortals, ought also to be consulted in their acceptance
or rejection.  Monsieur Dubois told us that if we did not wish to be
taught French verse, he would teach us English.  Sir Everard preferred
the Greek; but Monsieur Dubois would not engage to teach the mysteries of
that poetry in fewer than thirty lessons,—having (since his misfortunes)
forgotten the letters and some other necessaries.

“The first poem I ever wrote was in the character of a shepherd, to
Mistress Anne Nanfan, daughter of Squire Fulke Nanfan, of Worcestershire,
at that time on a visit to the worshipful family of Compton at Long
Compton.

“We were young creatures,—I but twenty-four and seven months (for it was
written on the 14th of May), and she well-nigh upon a twelve-month
younger.  My own verses, the first, are neither here nor there; indeed,
they were imbedded in solid prose, like lampreys and ram’s-horns {181a}
in our limestone, and would be hard to get out whole.  What they are may
be seen by her answer, all in verse:—

   “‘Faithful shepherd! dearest Tommy!
   I have received the letter from ye,
      And mightily delight therein.
   But mother, _she_ says, “Nanny!  Nanny!
   _How_, _being staid and prudent_, _can ye_
      _Think of a man and not of sin_?”

   “‘Sir shepherd!  I held down my head,
   And “_Mother_! _fie_, _for shame_!” I said;
      All I could say would not content her;
   Mother she would for ever harp on’t,
   “_A man’s no better than a sarpent_,
      _And not a crumb more innocenter_.”’

“I know not how it happeneth; but a poet doth open before a poet, albeit
of baser sort.  It is not that I hold my poetry to be better than some
other in time past, it is because I would shew thee that I was virtuous
and wooed virtuously, that I repeat it.  Furthermore, I wished to leave a
deep impression on the mother’s mind that she was exceedingly wrong in
doubting my innocence.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Gracious Heaven! and was this too doubted?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Maybe not; but the whole race of men, the whole male sex, wanted and
found in me a protector.  I shewed her what I was ready to do.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Perhaps, sir, it was for that very thing that she put the daughter back
and herself forward.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I say not so; but thou mayest know as much as befitteth, by what
follows:—

   “‘Worshipful lady! honoured madam!
   I at this present truly glad am
      To have so fair an opportunity
   Of saying I would be the man
   To bind in wedlock Mistress Anne,
      Living with her in holy unity.

   “‘And for a jointure I will gi’e her
   A good two hundred pounds a year
      Accruing from my landed rents,
   Whereof see t’other paper, telling
   Lands, copses, and grown woods for felling,
      Capons, and cottage tenements.

   “‘And who must come at sound of horn,
   And who pays but a barley-corn,
      And who is bound to keep a whelp,
   And what is brought me for the pound,
   And copyholders, which are sound,
      And which do need the leech’s help.

   “‘And you may see in these two pages
   Exact their illnesses and ages,
      Enough (God willing) to content ye;
   Who looks full red, who looks full yellow,
   Who plies the mullen, who the mallow,
      Who fails at fifty, who at twenty.

   “‘Jim Yates must go; he’s one day very hot,
   And one day ice; I take a heriot;
      And poorly, poorly’s Jacob Burgess.
   The doctor tells me he has pour’d
   Into his stomach half his hoard
      Of anthelminticals and purges.

   “‘Judith, the wife of Ebenezer
   Fillpots, won’t have him long to tease her;
      Fillpots blows hot and cold like Jim,
   And, sleepless lest the boys should plunder
   His orchard, he must soon knock under;
      Death has been looking out for him.

   “‘He blusters; but his good yard land
   Under the church, his ale-house, and
      His Bible, which he cut in spite,
   Must all fall in; he stamps and swears
   And sets his neighbours by the ears—
      Fillpots, thy saddle sits not tight!’

“The epitaph is ready:—

            “‘_Here_
   _Lies one whom all his friends did fear_
      _More than they ever feared the Lord_;
   _In peace he was at times a Christian_;
   _In strife_, _what stubborner Philistine_!
      _Sing_, _sing his psalm with one accord_.

   “‘And he who lent my lord his wife
   Has but a very ticklish life;
      Although she won him many a hundred,
   ’T won’t do; none comes with briefs and wills,
   And all her gainings are gilt pills
      From the sick madman that she plundered.

   “‘And the brave lad who sent the bluff
   Olive-faced Frenchman (sure enough)
      Screaming and scouring like a plover,
   Must follow—him I mean who dash’d
   Into the water and then thrash’d
      The cullion past the town of Dover.

   “‘But first there goes the blear old dame
   Who nurs’d me; you have heard her name,
      No doubt, at Compton, Sarah Salways;
   There are twelve groats at once, beside
   The frying-pan in which she fried
      Her pancakes.

                          Madam, I am always, etc.,

                                                 Sir THOMAS LUCY, Knight.’

“I did believe that such a clear and conscientious exposure of my affairs
would have brought me a like return.  My letter was sent back to me with
small courtesy.  It may be there was no paper in the house, or none
equalling mine in whiteness.  No notice was taken of the rent-roll; but
between the second and third stanza these four lines were written, in a
very fine hand:—

   “‘Most honour’d knight, Sir Thomas! two
   For merry Nan will never do;
   Now under favour let me say ’t,
   She will bring more herself than that.’

I have reason to believe that the worthy lady did neither write nor
countenance the same, perhaps did not ever know of them.  She always had
at her elbow one who jogged it when he listed, and although he could not
overrule the daughter, he took especial care that none other should
remove her from his tutelage, even when she had fairly grown up to
woman’s estate.

“Now, after all this condescension and confidence, promise me, good lad,
promise that thou wilt not edge and elbow me.  Never let it be said, when
people say, _Sir Thomas was a poet when he will edit_,—_So is Bill
Shakspeare_!  It beseemeth not that our names do go together cheek by
jowl in this familiar fashion, like an old beagle and a whelp, in
couples, where if the one would, the other would not.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“Sir, while these thoughts are passing in your mind, remember there is
another pair of couples out of which it would be as well to keep the
cur’s neck.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Young man! dost thou understand Master Silas?”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“But too well.  Not those couples in which it might be apprehended that
your worship and my unworthiness should appear too close together; but
those sorrowfuller which peradventure might unite Master Silas and me in
our road to Warwick and upwards.  But I resign all right and title unto
these as willingly as I did unto the other, and am as ready to let him go
alone.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“If we keep wheeling and wheeling, like a flock of pigeons, and rising
again when we are within a foot of the ground, we shall never fill the
craw.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Do thou then question him, Silas.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“I am none of the quorum; the business is none of mine.”

Then Sir Thomas took Master Silas again into the bay window, and said
softly,—

“Silas, he hath no inkling of thy meaning.  The business is a ticklish
one.  I like not overmuch to meddle and make therein.”

Master Silas stood dissatisfied awhile, and then answered,—

“The girl’s mother, sir, was housemaid and sempstress in your own family,
time back, and you thereby have a right over her unto the third and
fourth generation.”

“I may have, Silas,” said his worship, “but it was no longer than four or
five years agone that folks were fain to speak maliciously of me for only
finding my horse in her hovel.”

Sir Silas looked red and shiny as a ripe strawberry on a Snitterfield
tile, and answered somewhat peevishly,—

“The same folks, I misgive me, may find the rogue’s there any night in
the week.”

Whereunto replied Sir Thomas, mortifiedly,

“I cannot think it, Silas!  I cannot think it.”

And after some hesitation and disquiet,—

“Nay, I am resolved I will not think it; no man, friend or enemy, shall
push it into me.”

“Worshipful sir,” answered Master Silas, “I am as resolute as any one in
what I would think and what I would not think, and never was known to
fight dunghill in either cockpit.

“Were he only out of the way, she might do duty, but what doth she now?

“She points his young beard for him; persuading him it grows thicker and
thicker, blacker and blacker; she washes his ruff, stiffens it, plaits
it, tries it upon his neck, removes the hair from under it, pinches it
with thumb and fore-finger, pretending that he hath moiled it, puts her
hand all the way round it, _setting it to rights_, as she calleth it—

“Ah, Sir Thomas! a louder whistle than that will never call her back
again when she is off with him.”

Sir Thomas was angered, and cried tartly,—

“Who whistled?  I would know.”

Master Silas said submissively,—

“Your honour, as wrongfully I fancied.”

“Wrongfully, indeed, and to my no small disparagement and discomfort,”
said the knight, verily believing that he had not whistled; for deep and
dubious were his cogitations.

“I protest,” went he on to say, “I protest it was the wind of the
casement; and if I live another year I will put a better in the place of
it.  Whistle indeed—for what?  I care no more about her than about an
unfledged cygnet,—a child, {189a} a chicken, a mere kitten, a
crab-blossom in the hedge.”

The dignity of his worship was wounded by Master Silas unaware, and his
wrath again turned suddenly upon poor William.

“Hark-ye, knave! hark-ye again, ill-looking stripling, lanky from vicious
courses!  I will reclaim thee from them; I will do what thy own father
would, and cannot.  Thou shalt follow his business.”

“I cannot do better, may it please your worship!” said the lad.

“It shall lead thee unto wealth and respectability,” said the knight,
somewhat appeased by his ready compliancy and low, gentle voice. “Yea,
but not here,—no witches, no wantons (this word fell gravely and at
full-length upon the ear), no spells hereabout.

“Gloucestershire is within a measured mile of thy dwelling.  There is one
at Bristol, formerly a parish-boy, or little better, who now writeth
himself _gentleman_ in large, round letters, and hath been elected, I
hear, to serve as burgess in parliament for his native city; just as
though he had eaten a capon or turkey-poult in his youth, and had
actually been at grammar school and college.  When he began, he had not
credit for a goat-skin; and now, behold ye! this very coat upon my back
did cost me eight shillings the dearer for him, he bought up wool so
largely.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“May it please your worship! if my father so ordereth, I go cheerfully.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Thou art grown discreet and dutiful.  I am fain to command thy release,
taking thy promise on oath, and some reasonable security, that thou wilt
abstain and withhold in future from that idle and silly slut, that sly
and scoffing giggler, Hannah Hathaway, with whom, to the heartache of thy
poor, worthy father, thou wantonly keepest company.”

Then did Sir Thomas ask Master Silas Gough for the Book of Life, bidding
him deliver it into the right hand of Billy, with an eye upon him that he
touch it with both lips,—it being taught by the Jesuits, and caught too
greedily out of their society and communion, that whoso toucheth it with
one lip only, and thereafter sweareth falsely, cannot be called a
perjurer, since perjury is breaking an oath.  But breaking half an oath,
as he doth who toucheth the Bible or crucifix with one lip only, is no
more perjury than breaking an eggshell is breaking an egg, the shell
being a part, and the egg being an integral.

William did take the Holy Book with all due reverence the instant it was
offered to his hand.  His stature seemed to rise therefrom as from a
pulpit, and Sir Thomas was quite edified.

“Obedient and conducible youth!” said he.  “See there, Master Silas! what
hast thou now to say against him?  Who sees farthest?”

“The man from the gallows is the most likely, bating his nightcap and
blinker,” said Master Silas, peevishly.  “He hath not outwitted me yet.”

“He seized upon the Anchor of Faith like a martyr,” said Sir Thomas, “and
even now his face burns red as elder-wine before the gossips.”

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“I await the further orders of your worship from the chair.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“I return and seat myself.”

And then did Sir Thomas say with great complacency and satisfaction in
the ear of Master Silas,—

“What civility, and deference, and sedateness of mind, Silas!”

But Master Silas answered not.

                           WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE.

“Must I swear, sirs?”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Yea, swear; be of good courage.  I protest to thee by my honour and
knighthood, no ill shall come unto thee therefrom.  Thou shalt not be
circumvented in thy simpleness and inexperience.”

Willy, having taken the Book of Life, did kiss it piously, and did press
it unto his breast, saying,

“Tenderest love is the growth of my heart, as the grass is of Alvescote
mead.

“May I lose my life or my friends, or my memory, or my reason; may I be
viler in my own eyes than those men are—”

Here he was interrupted, most lovingly, by Sir Thomas, who said unto
him,—

“Nay, nay, nay! poor youth! do not tell me so! they are not such very bad
men, since thou appealest unto Cæsar,—that is, unto the judgment-seat.”

Now his worship did mean the two witnesses, Joseph and Euseby; and, sooth
to say there be many worse.  But William had them not in his eye; his
thoughts were elsewhere, as will be evident, for he went on thus:—

“—if ever I forget or desert thee, or ever cease to worship {193a} and
cherish thee, my Hannah!”

                                SIR SILAS.

“The madman! the audacious, desperate, outrageous villain!  Look-ye, sir!
where he flung the Holy Gospel!  Behold it on the holly and box boughs in
the chimney-place, spreaden all abroad, like a lad about to be whipped!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Miscreant knave!  I will send after him forthwith!

“Ho, there! is the caitiff at hand, or running off?”

Jonas Greenfield the butler did budge forward after a while, and say, on
being questioned,—

“Surely, that was he!  Was his nag tied to the iron gate at the lodge,
Master Silas?”

                                SIR SILAS.

“What should I know about a thief’s nag, Jonas Greenfield?”

“And didst thou let him go, Jonas,—even thou?” said Sir Thomas.  “What!
are none found faithful?”

“Lord love your worship,” said Jonas Greenfield; “a man of threescore and
two may miss catching a kite upon wing.  Fleetness doth not make folks
the faithfuller, or that youth yonder beats us all in faithfulness.

“Look! he darts on like a greyhound whelp after a leveret.  He, sure
enough, it was!  I now remember the sorrel mare his father bought of John
Kinderley last Lammas, swift as he threaded the trees along the park.  He
must have reached Wellesbourne ere now at that gallop, and pretty nigh
Walton-hill.”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“Merciful Christ! grant the country be rid of him for ever!  What
dishonour upon his friends and native town!  A reputable wool-stapler’s
son turned gipsy and poet for life.”

                                SIR SILAS.

“A Beelzebub; he spake as bigly and fiercely as a soaken yeoman at an
election feast,—this obedient and conducible youth!”

                               SIR THOMAS.

“It was so written.  Hold thy peace, Silas!”

                                LAUS DEO.

                                  E. B.



POST-SCRIPTUM
BY ME, EPHRAIM BARNETT.


Twelve days are over and gone since William Shakspeare did leave our
parts.  And the spinster, Hannah Hathaway, is in sad doleful plight about
him; forasmuch as Master Silas Cough went yesterday unto her, in her
mother’s house at Shottery, and did desire both her and her mother to
take heed and be admonished, that if ever she, Hannah, threw away one
thought after the runagate William Shakspeare, he should swing.

The girl could do nothing but weep; while as the mother did give her
solemn promise that her daughter should never more think about him all
her natural life, reckoning from the moment of this her promise.

And the maiden, now growing more reasonable, did promise the same.  But
Master Silas said,

“_I doubt you will_, _though_.”

“_No_,” said the mother, “_I answer for her she shall not think of him_,
_even if she see his ghost_.”

Hannah screamed, and swooned, the better to forget him.  And Master Silas
went home easier and contenteder.  For now all the worst of his hard duty
was accomplished,—he having been, on the Wednesday of last week, at the
speech of Master John Shakspeare, Will’s father, to inquire whether the
sorrel mare was his.  To which question the said Master John Shakspeare
did answer, “_Yea_.”

“_Enough said_!” rejoined Master Silas.

“_Horse-stealing is capital_.  _We shall bind thee over to appear against
the culprit_, _as prosecutor_, _at the next assizes_.”

May the Lord in his mercy give the lad a good deliverance, if so be it be
no sin to wish it!

_October_ 1, A.D. 1582.

                                LAUS DEO.




A CONFERENCE
OF
MASTER EDMUND SPENSER,
A GENTLEMAN OF NOTE,
WITH
THE EARL OF ESSEX,
TOUCHING
THE STATE OF IRELAND.


                             ANNO DOM. 1598.



PREFACE.


TO the same worthy man who preserved the _Examination of Shakspeare_, we
are indebted for what he entitles on the cover, _A Conference of Master
Edmund Spenser_, _etc._, _with the Earl of Essex_.  It must be confessed
that this Conference throws little light upon the great rebellion of
Ireland.  Nevertheless, there are some curious minds, which perhaps may
take an interest in the conversation of two illustrious men, one
distinguished by his genius, the other by the favour of his sovereign.
The Editor, it will be perceived, is but little practised in the ways of
literature; much less is he gifted with that prophetic spirit which can
anticipate the judgment of the public.  It may be that he is too idle or
too apathetic to think anxiously or much about the matter; and yet he has
been amused, in his earlier days, at watching the first appearance of
such few books as he believed to be the production of some powerful
intellect.  He has seen people slowly rise up to them, like carp in a
pond when food is thrown among them; some of which carp snatch suddenly
at a morsel, and swallow it; others touch it gently with their barbe,
pass deliberately by, and leave it; others wriggle and rub against it
more disdainfully; others, in sober truth, know not what to make of it,
swim round and round it, eye it on the sunny side, eye it on the shady,
approach it, question it, shoulder it, flap it with the tail, turn it
over, look askance at it, take a pea-shell or a worm instead of it, and
plunge again their contented heads into the comfortable mud; after some
seasons the same food will suit their stomachs better.

The Editor has seen all this, and been an actor in it, whether at
Chantilly or Fontainebleau is indifferent to the reader; and it has
occurred to him that Shakspeare and Spenser were thrown among such carp,
and began to be relished (the worst, of course, first) after many years.
He is certain that these two publications can interest only the antiquary
and biographer; enough if even such find their account in them.

                                * * * * *

IT happened by mere accident that so obscure a man as Ephraim Barnett,
with no peculiar zeal for genius, and with no other scope or intention
than a lesson for his descendants, has preserved an authentic memorial of
the principal event both in the life of Shakspeare and of Spenser; the
one event was very near the cause of terminating Shakspeare’s, the other
did terminate Spenser’s.  He accounts for his knowledge of the facts
naturally enough, as those will readily admit who have the patience to
read his paper on the subject.  It would be inhumane in the Editor to ask
any of it for himself, when it is about to undergo such an exertion.



ESSEX AND SPENSER.


                                  ESSEX.

“INSTANTLY on hearing of thy arrival from Ireland I sent a message to
thee, good Edmund, that I might learn from one so judicious and
dispassionate as thou art, the real state of things in that distracted
country,—it having pleased the queen’s majesty to think of appointing me
her deputy, in order to bring the rebellious to submission.”

                                 SPENSER.

“Wisely and well considered; but more worthily of her judgment than her
affection.  May your lordship overcome, as you have ever done, the
difficulties and dangers you foresee.”

                                  ESSEX.

“We grow weak by striking at random; and knowing that I must strike, and
strike heavily, I would fain see exactly where the stroke shall fall.

“Some attribute to the Irish all sorts of excesses; others tell us that
these are old stories; that there is not a more inoffensive race of merry
creatures under heaven, and that their crimes are all hatched for them
here in England, by the incubation of printers’ boys, and are brought to
market at times of distressing dearth in news.  From all that I myself
have seen of them, I can only say that the civilized (I mean the richer
and titled) are as susceptible of heat as iron, and as impenetrable to
light as granite.  The half-barbarous are probably worse; the utterly
barbarous may be somewhat better.  Like game-cocks, they must spur when
they meet.  One fights because he fights an Englishman; another because
the fellow he quarrels with comes from a distant county; a third because
the next parish is an eyesore to him, and his fist-mate is from it.  The
only thing in which they all agree as proper law is the tooth-for-tooth
act.  Luckily we have a bishop who is a native, and we called him before
the queen.  He represented to her majesty that every thing in Old Ireland
tended to re-produce its kind,—crimes among others; and he declared,
frankly, that if an honest man is murdered, or what is dearer to an
honest man, if his honour is wounded in the person of his wife, it must
be expected that he will retaliate.  Her Majesty delivered it as her
opinion that the latter case of vindictiveness was more likely to take
effect than the former.  But the bishop replied that in his conscience he
could not answer for either if the man was up.  The dean of the same
diocese gave us a more favorable report.  Being a justice of the peace,
he averred most solemnly that no man ever had complained to him of
murder, excepting one who had lost so many fore-teeth by a cudgel that
his deposition could not be taken exactly,—added to which, his head was a
little clouded with drunkenness; furthermore, that extremely few women
had adduced sufficiently clear proofs of violence, excepting those who
were wilful and resisted with tooth and nail.  In all which cases it was
difficult, nay impossible, to ascertain which violence began first and
lasted longest.

“There is not a nation upon earth that pretends to be so superlatively
generous and high-minded; and there is not one (I speak from experience)
so utterly base and venal.  I have positive proof that the nobility, in a
mass, are agreed to sell, for a stipulated sum, all their rights and
privileges, so much per man; and the queen is inclined thereunto.  But
would our parliament consent to pay money for a cargo of rotten
pilchards?  And would not our captains be readier to swamp than to import
them?  The noisiest rogues in that kingdom, if not quieted by a halter,
may be quieted by making them brief-collectors, and by allowing them
first to encourage the incendiary, then to denounce and hang him, and
lastly to collect all the money they can, running up and down with the
whining ferocity of half-starved hyenas, under pretence of repairing the
damages their exhausted country hath sustained.  Others ask modestly a
few thousands a year, and no more, from those whom they represent to us
as naked and famished; and prove clearly to every dispassionate man who
hath a single drop of free blood in his veins that at least this pittance
is due to them for abandoning their liberal and lucrative professions,
and for endangering their valuable lives on the tempestuous seas, in
order that the voice of Truth may sound for once upon the shores of
England, and Humanity cast her shadow on the council-chamber.

“I gave a dinner to a party of these fellows a few weeks ago.  I know not
how many kings and princes were amongst them, nor how many poets, and
prophets, and legislators, and sages.  When they were half-drunk, they
coaxed and threatened; when they had gone somewhat deeper, they joked,
and croaked, and hiccoughed, and wept over sweet Ireland; and when they
could neither stand nor sit any longer, they fell upon their knees and
their noddles, and swore that limbs, life, liberty, Ireland, and God
himself, were all at the queen’s service.  It was only their holy
religion, the religion of their forefathers—  Here sobs interrupted some,
howls others, execrations more, and the liquor they had ingulfed, the
rest.  I looked down on them with stupor and astonishment, seeing faces,
forms, dresses, much like ours, and recollecting their ignorance, levity,
and ferocity.  My pages drew them gently by the heels down the steps; my
grooms set them upright (inasmuch as might be) on their horses; and the
people in the streets, shouting and pelting, sent forward the beasts to
their straw.

“Various plans have been laid before us for civilising or coercing them.
Among the pacific, it was proposed to make an offer to five-hundred of
the richer Jews in the Hanse-towns and in Poland, who should be raised to
the dignity of the Irish peerage, and endowed with four thousand acres of
good forfeited land, on condition of each paying two thousand pounds, and
of keeping up ten horsemen and twenty foot, Germans or Poles, in
readiness for service.

“The Catholics bear no where such ill-will toward Jews as toward
Protestants.  Brooks make even worse neighbours than oceans do.

“I myself saw no objection to the measure; but our gracious queen
declared she had an insuperable one—_they stank_!  We all acknowledged
the strength of the argument, and took out our handkerchiefs.  Lord
Burleigh almost fainted; and Raleigh wondered how the Emperor Titus could
bring up his men against Jerusalem.

“‘Ah!’ said he, looking reverentially at her Majesty, ‘the star of
Berenice shone above him! and what evil influence could that star not
quell? what malignancy could it not annihilate?’

“Hereupon he touched the earth with his brow, until the queen said,—

“‘Sir Walter! lift me up those laurels.’

“At which manifestation of princely goodwill he was advancing to kiss her
Majesty’s hand, but she waved it, and said, sharply,—

“‘Stand there, dog!’

“Now what tale have you for us?”

                                 SPENSER.

“Interrogate me, my lord, that I may answer each question distinctly, my
mind being in sad confusion at what I have seen and undergone.”

                                  ESSEX.

“Give me thy account and opinion of these very affairs as thou leftest
them; for I would rather know one part well than all imperfectly; and the
violences of which I have heard within the day surpass belief.

“Why weepest thou, my gentle Spenser?  Have the rebels sacked thy house?”

                                 SPENSER.

“They have plundered and utterly destroyed it.”

                                  ESSEX.

“I grieve for thee, and will see thee righted.”

                                 SPENSER.

“In this they have little harmed me.”

                                  ESSEX.

“Howl I have heard it reported that thy grounds are fertile and thy
mansion {211} large and pleasant.”

                                 SPENSER.

“If river, and lake, and meadow-ground, and mountain, could render any
place the abode of pleasantness, pleasant was mine, indeed!

“On the lovely banks of Mulla I found deep contentment.  Under the dark
alders did I muse and meditate.  Innocent hopes were my gravest cares,
and my playfullest fancy was with kindly wishes.  Ah! surely, of all
cruelties the worst is to extinguish our kindness.  Mine is gone: I love
the people and the land no longer.  My lord, ask me not about them; I may
speak injuriously.”

                                  ESSEX.

“Think rather, then, of thy happier hours and busier occupations; these
likewise may instruct me.”

                                 SPENSER.

“The first seeds I sowed in the garden, ere the old castle was made
habitable for my lovely bride, were acorns from Penshurst.  I planted a
little oak before my mansion at the birth of each child.  ‘My sons,’ I
said to myself, ‘shall often play in the shade of them when I am gone,
and every year shall they take the measure of their growth, as fondly as
I take theirs.’”

                                  ESSEX.

“Well, well; but let not this thought make thee weep so bitterly.”

                                 SPENSER.

“Poison may ooze from beautiful plants; deadly grief from dearest
reminiscences.

“I _must_ grieve, I _must_ weep; it seems the law of God, and the only
one that men are not disposed to contravene.  In the performance of this
alone do they effectually aid one another.”

                                  ESSEX.

“Spenser!  I wish I had at hand any arguments or persuasions of force
sufficient to remove thy sorrow; but really I am not in the habit of
seeing men grieve at any thing except the loss of favour at court, or of
a hawk, or of a buck-hound.  And were I to swear out my condolences to a
man of thy discernment, in the same round, roll-call phrases we employ
with one another upon these occasions, I should be guilty, not of
insincerity, but of insolence.  True grief hath ever something sacred in
it, and when it visiteth a wise man and a brave one, is most holy.

“Nay, kiss not my hand; he whom God smiteth hath God with him.  In his
presence what am I?”

                                 SPENSER.

“Never so great, my lord, as at this hour, when you see aright who is
greater.  May He guide your counsels, and preserve your life and glory!”

                                  ESSEX.

“Where are thy friends?  Are they with thee?”

                                 SPENSER.

“Ah, where indeed?  Generous, true-hearted Philip! where art thou? whose
presence was unto me peace and safety, whose smile was contentment, and
whose praise renown.  My lord! I cannot but think of him among still
heavier losses; he was my earliest friend, and would have taught me
wisdom.”

                                  ESSEX.

“Pastoral poetry, my dear Spenser, doth not require tears and
lamentations.  Dry thine eyes; rebuild thine house.  The queen and
council, I venture to promise thee, will make ample amends for every evil
thou hast sustained.  What! does that enforce thee to wail yet louder?”

                                 SPENSER.

“Pardon me, bear with me, most noble heart!  I have lost what no council,
no queen, no Essex can restore.”

                                  ESSEX.

“We will see that!  There are other swords, and other arms to wield them,
besides a Leicester’s and a Raleigh’s.  Others can crush their enemies
and serve their friends.”

                                 SPENSER.

“O my sweet child!  And of many so powerful, many so wise and so
beneficent, was there none to save thee?  None! none!”

                                  ESSEX.

“I now perceive that thou lamentest what almost every father is destined
to lament.  Happiness must be bought, although the payment may be
delayed.  Consider; the same calamity might have befallen thee here in
London.  Neither the houses of ambassadors, nor the palaces of kings, nor
the altars of God himself, are asylums against death.  How do I know but
under this very roof there may sleep some latent calamity, that in an
instant shall cover with gloom every inmate of the house, and every far
dependent?”

                                 SPENSER.

“God avert it!”

                                  ESSEX.

“Every day, every hour of the year, do hundreds mourn what thou
mournest.”

                                 SPENSER.

“Oh, no, no, no!  Calamities there are around us; calamities there are
all over the earth; calamities there are in all seasons; but none in any
season, none in any place, like mine.”

                                  ESSEX.

“So say all fathers, so say all husbands.  Look at any old mansion-house,
and let the sun shine as gloriously as it may on the golden vanes, or the
arms recently quartered over the gateway, or the embayed window, and on
the happy pair that haply is toying at it; nevertheless, thou mayest say
that of a certainty the same fabric hath seen much sorrow within its
chambers, and heard many wailings; and each time this was the heaviest
stroke of all.  Funerals have passed along through the stout-hearted
knights upon the wainscot, and amidst the laughing nymphs upon the arras.
Old servants have shaken their heads, as if somebody had deceived them,
when they found that beauty and nobility could perish.

“Edmund! the things that are too true pass by us as if they were not true
at all; and when they have singled us out, then only do they strike us.
Thou and I must go too.  Perhaps the next year may blow us away with its
fallen leaves.” {217}

                                 SPENSER.

“For you, my lord, many years (I trust) are waiting; I never shall see
those fallen leaves.  No leaf, no bud will spring upon the earth before I
sink into her breast for ever.”

                                  ESSEX.

“Thou, who art wiser than most men, shouldst bear with patience,
equanimity, and courage, what is common to all.”

                                 SPENSER.

“Enough! enough! enough!  Have all men seen their infant burnt to ashes
before their eyes?”



MEMORANDUM BY EPHRAIM BARNETT.


                      WRITTEN UPON THE INNER COVER.

STUDYING the benefit and advantage of such as by God’s blessing may come
after me, and willing to shew them the highways of Providence from the
narrow by-lane in the which it hath been his pleasure to station me, and
being now advanced full-nigh unto the close and consummation of my
earthly pilgrimage, methinks I cannot do better, at this juncture, than
preserve the looser and lesser records of those who have gone before me
in the same, with higher heel-piece to their shoe and more polished
scallop to their beaver.  And here, beforehand, let us think gravely and
religiously on what the pagans, in their blindness, did call fortune,
making a goddess of her, and saying,—

    “One body she lifts up so high
    And suddenly, she makes him cry
    And scream as any wench might do
    That you should play the rogue unto.
    And the same Lady Light sees good
    To drop another in the mud,
    Against all hope and likelihood.” {221}

My kinsman, Jacob Eldridge, having been taught by me, among other useful
things, to write a fair and laudable hand, was recommended and introduced
by our worthy townsman, Master Thomas Greene, unto the Earl of Essex, to
keep his accounts, and to write down sundry matters from his dictation,
even letters occasionally.  For although our nobility, very unlike the
French, not only can read and write, but often do, yet some from
generosity, and some from dignity, keep in their employment what those
who are illiterate, and would not appear so, call an _amanuensis_,
thereby meaning _secretary_ or _scribe_.  Now it happened that our
gracious queen’s highness was desirous of knowing all that could be known
about the Rebellion in Ireland; and hearing but little truth from her
nobility in that country, even the fathers in God inclining more unto
court favour than will be readily believed of spiritual lords, and
moulding their ductile depositions on the pasteboard of their temporal
mistress, until she was angry at seeing the lawn-sleeves so besmirched
from wrist to elbow, she herself did say unto the Earl of Essex,—

“Essex! these fellows lie!  I am inclined to unfrock and scourge them
sorely for their leasings.  Of that anon.  Find out, if you can, somebody
who hath his wit and his honesty about him at the same time.  I know that
when one of these paniers is full the other is apt to be empty, and that
men walk crookedly for want of balance.  No matter—we must search and
find.  Persuade—thou canst persuade, Essex!—say any thing, do any thing.
We must talk gold and give—iron.  Dost understand me?”

The earl did kiss the jewels upon the dread fingers, for only the last
joint of each is visible; and surely no mortal was ever so foolhardy as
to take such a monstrous liberty as touching it, except in spirit!  On
the next day there did arrive many fugitives from Ireland; and among the
rest was Master Edmund Spenser, known even in those parts for his rich
vein of poetry, in which he is declared by our best judges to excel the
noblest of the ancients, and to leave all the moderns at his feet.
Whether he notified his arrival unto the earl, or whether fame brought
the notice thereof unto his lordship, Jacob knoweth not.  But early in
the morrow did the earl send for Jacob, and say unto him,—

“Eldridge! thou must write fairly and clearly out, and in somewhat large
letters, and in lines somewhat wide apart, all that thou hearest of the
conversation I shall hold with a gentleman from Ireland.  Take this gilt
and illumined vellum, and albeit the civet make thee sick fifty times,
write upon it all that passes!  Come not out of the closet until the
gentleman hath gone homeward.  The queen requireth much exactness; and
this is equally a man of genius, a man of business, and a man of worth.
I expect from him not only what is true, but what is the most important
and necessary to understand rightly and completely; and nobody in
existence is more capable of giving me both information and advice.
Perhaps if he thought another were within hearing he would be offended or
over-cautious.  His delicacy and mine are warranted safe and sound by the
observance of those commands which I am delivering unto thee.”

It happened that no information was given in this conference relating to
the movements or designs of the rebels.  So that Master Jacob Eldridge
was left possessor of the costly vellum, which, now Master Spenser is
departed this life, I keep as a memorial of him, albeit oftener than once
I have taken pounce box and penknife in hand, in order to make it a fit
and proper vehicle for my own very best writing.  But I pretermitted it,
finding that my hand is no longer the hand it was, or rather that the
breed of geese is very much degenerated, and that their quills, like
men’s manners, are grown softer and flaccider.  Where it will end God
only knows; I shall not live to see it.

Alas, poor Jacob Eldridge! he little thought that within twelve months
his glorious master, and the scarcely less glorious poet, would be no
more!  In the third week of the following year was Master Edmund buried
at the charges of the earl; and within these few days hath this lofty
nobleman bowed his head under the axe of God’s displeasure,—such being
our gracious queen’s.  My kinsman Jacob sent unto me by the Alcester
drover, old Clem Fisher, this, among other papers, fearing the wrath of
that offended highness which allowed not her own sweet disposition to
question or thwart the will divine.  Jacob did likewise tell me in his
letter that he was sure I should be happy to hear the success of William
Shakspeare, our townsman.  And in truth right glad was I to hear of it,
being a principal in bringing it about, as those several sheets will shew
which have the broken tile laid upon them to keep them down compactly.

Jacob’s words are these:—

“Now I speak of poets, you will be in a maze at hearing that our townsman
hath written a power of matter for the playhouse.  Neither he nor the
booksellers think it quite good enough to print; but I do assure you, on
the faith of a Christian, it is not bad; and there is rare fun in the
last thing of his about Venus, where a Jew, one Shiloh, is choused out of
his money and his revenge.  However, the best critics and the greatest
lords find fault, and very justly, in the words,—

    “‘Hath not a Jew eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions,
    senses, affections, passions? fed with the same food, hurt with the
    same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means,
    warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is?’

“Surely, this is very unchristianlike.  Nay, for supposition sake,
suppose it to be true, was it his business to tell the people so?  Was it
his duty to ring the crier’s bell and cry to them, _The sorry Jews are
quite as much men as you are_?  The impudentest thing (excepting some
bauderies) that ever came from the stage!  The church, luckily, has let
him alone for the present; and the queen winks upon it.  The best defence
he can make for himself is that it comes from the mouth of a Jew, who
says many other things as abominable.  Master Greene may overrate him;
but Master Greene declares that if William goes on improving and taking
his advice, it will be desperate hard work in another seven years to find
so many as half a dozen chaps equal to him within the liberties.  Master
Greene and myself took him with us to see the burial of Master Edmund
Spenser in Westminster Abbey, on the 19th of January last.  The
halberdmen pushed us back as having no business there.  Master Greene
told them he belonged to the queen’s company of players.  William
Shakspeare could have said the same, but did not.  And I, fearing that
Master Greene and he might be halberded back into the crowd, shewed the
badge of the Earl of Essex.  Whereupon did the serjeant ground his
halberd, and say unto me,—

“‘That badge commands admittance everywhere; your folk likewise may come
in.’

“Master Greene was red-hot angry, and told me he would bring him before
the _council_.

“William smiled, and Master Greene said,—

“‘Why! would not you, if you were in my place?’

“He replied,—

“‘I am an half inclined to do worse,—to bring him before the _audience_
some spare hour.’

“At the close of the burial-service all the poets of the age threw their
pens into the grave, together with the pieces they had composed in praise
or lamentation of the deceased.  William Shakspeare was the only poet who
abstained from throwing in either pen or poem,—at which no one marvelled,
he being of low estate, and the others not having yet taken him by the
hand.  Yet many authors recognised him, not indeed as author, but as
player; and one, civiller than the rest, came up unto him triumphantly,
his eyes sparkling with glee and satisfaction, and said, consolatorily,—

“‘In due time, my honest friend, you may be admitted to do as much for
one of us.’

“‘After such encouragement,’ replied our townsman, ‘I am bound in duty to
give you the preference, should I indeed be worthy.’

“‘This was the only smart thing he uttered all the remainder of the day;
during the whole of it he appeared to be half-lost, I know not whether in
melancholy or in meditation, and soon left us.”

Here endeth all that my kinsman Jacob wrote about William Shakspeare,
saving and excepting his excuse for having written so much.  The rest of
his letter was on a matter of wider and weightier import, namely, on the
price of Cotteswolde cheese at Evesham fair.  And yet, although ingenious
men be not among the necessaries of life, there is something in them that
makes us curious in regard to their goings and doings.  It were to be
wished that some of them had attempted to be better accountants; and
others do appear to have laid aside the copybook full early in the day.
Nevertheless, they have their uses and their merits.  Master Eldridge’s
letter is the wrapper of much wholesome food for contemplation.  Although
the decease (within so brief a period) of such a poet as Master Spenser,
and such a patron as the earl, be unto us appalling, we laud and magnify
the great Disposer of events, no less for his goodness in raising the
humble than for his power in extinguishing the great.  And peradventure
ye, my heirs and descendants, who shall read with due attention what my
pen now writeth, will say, with the royal Psalmist, that it inditeth of a
good matter, when it sheweth unto you that, whereas it pleased the
queen’s highness to send a great lord before the judgment-seat of Heaven,
having fitted him by means of such earthly instruments as princes in like
cases do usually employ, and deeming (no doubt) in her princely heart
that by such shrewd tonsure his head would be best fitted for a crown of
glory, and thus doing all that she did out of the purest and most
considerate love for him,—it likewise hath pleased her highness to use
her right hand as freely as her left, and to raise up a second burgess of
our town to be one of her company of players.  And ye, also, by industry
and loyalty, may cheerfully hope for promotion in your callings, and come
up (some of you) as nearly to him in the presence of royalty, as he
cometh up (far off, indeed, at present) to the great and wonderful poet
who lies dead among more spices than any phœnix, and more quills than any
porcupine.  If this thought may not prick and incitate you, little is to
be hoped from any gentle admonition, or any earnest expostulation, of

                     Your loving friend and kinsman,

                                                                     E. B.

                       ANNO ÆT. SUÆ 74, DOM. 1599,
                               DECEMB. 16;
                          GLORIA DP. DF. ET DSS.
                      AMOR VERSUS VIRGINEM REGINAM!
                  PROTESTANTICE LOQUOR ET HONESTO SENSU:
                       OBTESTOR CONSCIENTIAM MEAM!

                                * * * * *

                                PRINTED BY
                 SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE
                                  LONDON




FOOTNOTES


{8a}  Quicken, bring to life.

{8b}  Debtors were often let out of prison at the coronation of a new
king; but creditors never paid by him.

{21a}  The word here omitted is quite illegible.  It appears to have some
reference to the language of the Highlanders.  That it was rough and
outlandish is apparent from the reprimand of Sir Thomas.

{29a}  By this deposition it would appear that Shakspeare had formed the
idea, if not the outline, of several plays already, much as he altered
them, no doubt, in after life.

{38a}  The greater part of the value of the present work arises from the
certain information it affords us on the price of small needles in the
reign of Elizabeth.  Fine needles in her days were made only at Liege,
and some few cities in the Netherlands, and may be reckoned among those
things which were much dearer than they are now.

{39b}  Mr. Tooke had not yet published his _Pantheon_.

{44a}  This was really the case within our memory.

{45a}  It was formerly thought, and perhaps is thought still, that the
hand of a man recently hanged, being rubbed on the tumour of the king’s
evil, was able to cure it.  The crown and the gallows divided the glory
of the sovereign remedy.

{46a}  And yet he never did sail any farther than into Bohemia.

{50a}  _Smock_, formerly a part of the female dress, corresponding with
_shroud_, or what we now call (or lately called) _shirt_ of the man’s.
Fox, speaking of Latimer’s burning, says, “Being slipped into his
_shroud_.”

{50b}  Faith nailing the ears is a strong and sacred metaphor.  The rhyme
is imperfect,—Shakspeare was not always attentive to these minor
beauties.

{53a}  Shakspeare seems to have profited afterward by this metaphor, even
more perhaps than by all the direct pieces of instruction in poetry given
him so handsomely by the worthy knight.  And here it may be permitted the
editor to profit also by the manuscript, correcting in Shakspeare what is
absolute nonsense as now printed:—

    “_Vaulting_ ambition that o’erleaps _itself_.”

It should be its _sell_.  _Sell_ is _saddle_ in Spenser and elsewhere,
from the Latin and Italian.

This emendation was shewn to the late Mr. Hazlitt, an acute man at least,
who expressed his conviction that it was the right reading, and added
somewhat more in approbation of it.

{55a}  It has been suggested that this answer was borrowed from Virgil,
and goes strongly against the genuineness of the manuscript.  The
Editor’s memory was upon the stretch to recollect the words; the learned
critic supplied them:—

    “Solum Æneas vocat: _et vocet_, oro.”

The Editor could only reply, indeed weakly, that _calling_ and _waiting_
are not exactly the same, unless when tradesmen rap and gentlemen are
leaving town.

{66a}  Here the manuscript is blotted; but the probability is that it was
_fishmonger_, rather than _ironmonger_, fishmongers having always been
notorious cheats and liars.

{70a}  _On the nail_ appears to be intended to express _ready payment_.

{72a}  The Cordilleras are mountains, we know, running through South
America.  Perhaps a pun was intended; or possibly it might, in the age of
Elizabeth, have been a vulgar term for _hanging_, although we find no
trace of the expression in other books.  We have no clue to guide us
here.  It might be suggested that Shakspeare, who shines little in
geographical knowledge, fancied the Cordilleras to extend into North
America, had convicts in his time been transported to those colonies.
Certainly, many adventurers and desperate men went thither.

{89a}  In that age there was prevalent a sort of cholera, on which
Fracastorius, half a century before, wrote a Latin poem, employing the
graceful nymphs of Homer and Hesiod, somewhat disguised, in the drudgery
of pounding certain barks and minerals.  An article in the Impeachment of
Cardinal Wolsey accuses him of breathing in the king’s face, knowing that
he was affected with this cholera.  It was a great assistant to the
Reformation, by removing some of the most vigorous champions that opposed
it.  In the Holy College it was followed by the _sweating sickness_,
which thinned it very sorely; and several even of God’s vicegerents were
laid under tribulation by it.  Among the chambers of the Vatican it hung
for ages, and it crowned the labours of Pope Leo XII., of blessed memory,
with a crown somewhat uneasy.

{105a}  Sir Thomas seems to have been jealous of these two towers,
certainly the finest in England.  If Warwick Castle could borrow the
windows from Kenilworth, it would be complete.  The knight is not very
courteous on its hospitality.  He may, perhaps, have experienced it, as
Garrick and Quin did under the present occupant’s grandfather, on whom
the title of Earl of Warwick was conferred for the eminent services he
had rendered to his country as one of the lords of the bedchamber to his
Majesty George the Second.  The verses of Garrick on his invitation and
visit are remembered by many.  Quin’s are less known.

   He shewed us Guy’s pot, but the soup he forgot;
      Not a meal did his lordship allow,
   Unless we gnaw’d o’er the blade-bone of the boar,
      Or the rib of the famous _Dun Cow_.

   When Nevile the great Earl of Warwick lived here,
      Three oxen for breakfast were slain,
   And strangers invited to sports and good cheer,
      And invited again and again.

   This earl is in purse or in spirit so low,
      That he with no oxen will feed ’em;
   And all of the former great doings we know
      Is, he gives us a book and we read ’em.

                                                                  GARRICK.

   _Stale_ peers are but tough morsels, and ’t were well
      If we had found the _fresh_ more eatable;
   Garrick!  I do not say ’t were well for _him_,
      For we had pluck’d the plover limb from limb.

                                                                     QUIN.

{106a}  Another untoward blot! but leaving no doubt of the word.  The
only doubt is whether he meant the _muzzle_ of the animal itself, or one
of those leathern muzzles which are often employed to coerce the violence
of ferocious animals.  In besieged cities men have been reduced to such
extremities.  But the _muzzle_, in this place, we suspect, would more
properly be called the _blinker_, which is often put upon bulls in
pastures when they are vicious.

{108a}  This would countenance the opinion of those who are inclined to
believe that Shakspeare was a Roman Catholic.  His hatred and contempt of
priests, which are demonstrated wherever he has introduced them, may have
originated from the unfairness of Silas Gough.  Nothing of that kind, we
may believe, had occurred to him from friars and monks, whom he treats
respectfully and kindly, perhaps in return for some such services to
himself as Friar Lawrence had bestowed on Romeo,—or rather less; for
Shakspeare was grateful.  The words quoted by him from some sermon, now
lost, prove him no friend to the filchings and swindling of popery.

{111a}  It is a pity that the old divines should have indulged, as they
often did, in such images as this.  Some readers in search of
argumentative subtility, some in search of sound Christianity, some in
search of pure English undefiled, have gone through with them; and their
labours (however heavy) have been well repaid.

{124a}  _Tilley valley_ was the favourite adjuration of James the Second.
It appears in the comedies of Shakspeare.

{133a}  _Whoreson_, if we may hazard a conjecture, means the son of a
woman of ill-repute.  In this we are borne out by the context.  It
appears to have escaped the commentators on Shakspeare.

_Whoreson_, a word of frequent occurrence in the comedies; more rarely
found in the tragedies.  Although now obsolete, the expression proves
that there were (or were believed to be) such persons formerly.

The Editor is indebted to two learned friends for these two remarks,
which appear no less just than ingenious.

{153a}  _Belly-ache_, a disorder once not uncommon in England.  Even the
name is now almost forgotten; yet the elder of us may remember at least
the report of it, and some, perhaps, even the complaint itself, in our
school-days.  It usually broke out about the cherry season; and in some
cases made its appearance again at the first nutting.

{157a}  Sir Thomas borrowed this expression from Spenser, who thus calls
Queen Elizabeth.

{159a}  Humboldt notices this.

{164a}  _Pragmatical_ here means only _precise_.

{181a}  It is doubtful whether Doctor Buckland will agree with Sir Thomas
that these petrifactions are ram’s-horns and lampreys.

{189a}  She was then twenty-eight years of age.  Sir Thomas must have
spoken of her from earlier recollections.  Shakspeare was in his
twentieth year.

{193a}  It is to be feared that his taste for venison outlasted that for
matrimony, spite of this vow.

{211}  It was purchased by a victualler and banker, the father or
grandfather of Lord Riversdale.

{217}  It happened so.

{221}  The editor has been unable to discover who was the author of this
very free translation of an Ode in Horace.  He is certainly happy in his
amplification of the _stridore acuto_.  May it not be surmised that he
was some favourite scholar of Ephraim Barnett?