Produced by Sandra Laythorpe and Others








LIFE OF JOHN COLERIDGE PATTESON:

MISSIONARY BISHOP OF THE MELANESIAN ISLANDS


By Charlotte Mary Yonge



Transcriber's note: This Etext of the Life of John Coleridge Patteson:
Missionary Bishop of the Melanesian Islands, by Charlotte Mary Yonge
was prepared by Sandra Laythorpe and others. More information about the
history of the Anglican Church may be found at Project Canterbury A web
page for Charlotte M Yonge may be found at www.menorot.com/cmyonge.htm.





PREFACE.



There are of course peculiar advantages as well as disadvantages in
endeavouring to write the life of one recently departed. On the
one hand, the remembrances connected with him are far fresher; his
contemporaries can he consulted, and much can be made matter of
certainty, for which a few years would have made it necessary to trust
to hearsay or probable conjecture. On the other, there is necessarily
much more reserve; nor are the results of the actions, nor even their
comparative importance, so clearly discernible as when there has been
time to ripen the fruit.

These latter drawbacks are doubled when the subject of the biography has
passed away in comparatively early life: when the persons with whom his
life is chiefly interwoven are still in full activity; and when he has
only lived to sow his seed in many waters, and has barely gathered any
portion of his harvest.

Thus what I have written of Bishop Patteson, far more what I have
copied of his letters, is necessarily only partial, although his nearest
relations and closest friends have most kindly permitted the full use
of all that could build up a complete idea of the man as he was. Many
letters relate to home and family matters, such as it would be useless
and impertinent to divulge; and yet it is necessary to mention that
these exist, because without them we might not know how deep was the
lonely man's interest and sympathy in all that concerned his kindred
and friends. Other letters only repeat the narrative or the reflections
given elsewhere; and of these, it has seemed best only to print that
which appeared to have the fullest or the clearest expression. In
general, the story is best told in letters to the home party; while
thoughts are generally best expressed in the correspondence with Sir
John Taylor Coleridge, to whom the Nephew seems to have written with
a kind of unconscious carefulness of diction. There is as voluminous
a correspondence with the Brother, and letters to many Cousins; but as
these either repeat the same adventures or else are purely domestic,
they have been little brought forward, except where any gap occurred in
the correspondence which has formed the staple material.

Letters upon the unhappy Maori war have been purposely omitted; and, as
far as possible, such criticisms on living personages as it seemed fair
towards the writer to omit. Criticisms upon their publications are of
course a different thing. My desire has been to give enough expression
of Bishop Patteson's opinions upon Church and State affairs, to
represent his manner of thinking, without transcribing every detail of
remarks, which were often made upon an imperfect report, and were,
in fact, only written down, instead of spoken and forgotten, because
correspondence served him instead of conversation.

I think I have represented fairly, for I have done my best faithfully
to select passages giving his mind even where it does not coincide
completely with my own opinions; being quite convinced that not only
should a biographer never attempt either to twist or conceal the
sentiments of the subject, but that either to apologise for, or as it
were to argue with them, is vain in both senses of the word.

The real disadvantage of the work is my own very slight personal
acquaintance with the externals of the man, and my ignorance of the
scenes in which the chief part of his life was passed. There are those
who would have been far more qualified in these respects than myself,
and, above all, in that full and sympathetic masculine grasp of a man's
powerful mind, which is necessarily denied to me. But these fittest of
all being withheld by causes which are too well known to need mention,
I could only endeavour to fulfil the work as best I might; trusting
that these unavoidable deficiencies may be supplied, partly by Coleridge
Patteson's own habit of writing unreservedly, so that he speaks for
himself, and partly by the very full notes and records with which his
friends have kindly supplied me, portraying him from their point of
view; so that I could really trust that little more was needed than
ordinary judgment in connecting and selecting. Nor until the work is
less fresh from my hand will it be possible to judge whether I have
in any way been allowed to succeed in my earnest hope and endeavour to
bring the statue out of the block, and as it were to carve the figure of
the Saint for his niche among those who have given themselves soul and
body to God's Work.

It has been an almost solemn work of anxiety, as well as one of love.
May I only have succeeded in causing these letters and descriptions to
leave a true and definite impression of the man and of his example!

Let me here record my obligations for materials--I need hardly say to
the immediate family and relations--for, in truth, I act chiefly as
their amanuensis; but likewise to the Bishop of Lichfield, Bishop
Abraham.

Lady Martin, the Rev. B. T. Dudley, the Rev. E. Codrington, and Captain
Tilly, for their valuable aid--the two first mentioned by correction and
revision, the others by contributions such as could only be supplied by
eye-witnesses and fellow-workers. Many others I must thank for kindly
supplying me with letters.


CHARLOTTE MARY YONGE. ELDERFIELD, September 19, 1873.





CHAPTER I. CHILDHOOD AT HOME AND AT SCHOOL, 1827-1838.



So much of a man's cast of character depends upon his home and
parentage, that no biography can be complete which does not look back
at least as far as the lives of the father and mother, from whom the
disposition is sure to be in part inherited, and by whom it must often
be formed. Indeed, the happiest natures are generally those which have
enjoyed the full benefit of parental training without dictation, and
have been led, but not forced, into the way in which they should go.

Therefore it will not be irrelevant to dwell on the career of the father
whose name, though still of great weight in his own profession, may not
be equally known to the younger generation who have grown up since the
words 'Mr. Justice Patteson' were of frequent occurrence in law reports.

John Patteson, father of the subject of the present memoir, was son to a
clergyman of a Norfolk family, and was born at Coney Weston, on February
11, 1790. He was educated at Eton, and there formed more than one
friendship, which not only lasted throughout his life, but extended
beyond his own generation. Sport and study flourished alike among such
lads as these; and while they were taught by Dr. Groodall to delight
in the peculiarly elegant and accurate scholarship which was the
characteristic of the highest education of their day, their boyhood
and youth were full of the unstained mirth that gives such radiance to
recollections of the past, and often causes the loyalty of affectionate
association to be handed on to succeeding generations. The thorough
Etonian impress, with all that it involved, was of no small account in
his life, as well as in that of his son.

The elder John Patteson was a colleger, and passed on to King's College,
Cambridge, whence, in 1813, he came to London to study law. In 1816 he
opened his chambers as a special pleader, and on February 23, 1818, was
married to his cousin, Elizabeth Lee, after a long engagement. The
next year, 1819, he was called to the Bar, and began to go the Northern
circuit. On April 3, 1820, Mrs. Patteson died, leaving one daughter,
Joanna Elizabeth. Four years later, on April 22, 1824, Mr.
Patteson married Frances Duke Coleridge, sister of his friend and
fellow-barrister, John Taylor Coleridge. This lady, whose name to all
who remember her calls up a fair and sweet memory of all that was good,
bright, and beloved, was the daughter of James Coleridge, of Heath's
Court, Ottery St. Mary, Devon, Colonel of the South Devon Volunteers. He
was the eldest of the numerous family of the Rev. John Coleridge, Master
of Ottery St. Mary School, and the poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, was
the youngest.

The strong family affection that existed between all Colonel Coleridge's
children, and concentrated itself upon the only sister among them,
made marriage with her an adoption into a group that could not fail to
exercise a strong influence on all connected with it, and the ties of
kindred will be found throughout this memoir to have had peculiar force.

John Coleridge Patteson, his mother's second child and eldest son, was
born at No. 9, Grower Street, Bedford Square, on the 1st of April,
1827, and baptized on the 8th. Besides the elder half-sister already
mentioned, another sister, Frances Sophia Coleridge, a year older than,
and one brother, James Henry, nearly two years younger than Coleridge,
made up the family.

Three years later, in 1830, Mr. Patteson was raised to the Bench, at the
unusually early age of forty.

It is probable that there never was a period when the Judicial Bench
could reckon a larger number of men distinguished not only for legal
ability but for the highest culture and for the substantial qualities
that command confidence and respect. The middle of the nineteenth
century was a time when England might well be proud of her Judges.

There was much in the habits of the Bench and Bar to lead to close and
friendly intimacy, especially on the circuits. When legal etiquette
forbade the use of any public conveyance, and junior barristers shared
post-chaises, while the leaders travelled in their own carriages, all
spent a good deal of time together, and it was not unusual for ladies to
go a great part of the circuit with their husbands, especially when it
lay in the direction of their own neighbourhood. The Judges' families
often accompanied them, especially at the summer assize, and thus there
grew up close associations between their children, which made their
intimacy almost like that of relationship. Almost all, too, lived in
near neighbourhood in those parts of London that now are comparatively
deserted, but which were then the especial abodes of lawyers, namely,
those adjacent to Bedford Square, where the gardens were the daily
resort of their children, all playing together and knowing one another
with that familiarity that childhood only gives.

'Sir John Patteson's contemporaries have nearly all, one by one, passed
away,' writes one of them, Sir John Taylor Coleridge. 'He has left few,
if any, literary monuments to record what his intellectual powers were;
and even in our common profession the ordinary course and practice are
so changed, that I doubt whether many lawyers are now familiar with his
masterly judgments; but I feel that I speak the truth when I describe
him as a man of singularly strong common sense, of great acuteness,
truthfulness, and integrity of judgment. These were great judicial
qualities, and to these he added much simplicity and geniality of temper
and manners; and all these were crowned by a firm, unhesitating, devout
belief in the doctrines of our faith, which issued in strictness to
himself and the warmest, gentlest charity to his fellow-creatures. The
result was what you might expect. Altogether it would be hard to
say whether you would characterise him as a man unusually popular or
unusually respected.'

Such was the character of Mr. Justice Patteson, a character built upon
the deep, solid groundwork of religion, such as would now be called that
of a sound Churchman of the old school, thoroughly devout and scrupulous
in observance, ruling his family and household on a principle felt
throughout, making a conscience of all his and their ways, though
promoting to the utmost all innocent enjoyment of pleasure, mirth, or
gaiety. Indeed, all who can look back on him or on his home remember
an unusual amount of kindly genial cheerfulness, fun, merriment, and
freedom, i.e. that obedient freedom which is the most perfect kind of
liberty.

Though this was in great part the effect of having such a head of the
family, the details of management could not but chiefly depend upon
the mother, and Lady Patteson was equally loved for her tenderness and
respected for her firmness. 'She was, indeed,' writes her brother, 'a
sweet and pious person, of the most affectionate, loving disposition,
without a grain of selfishness, and of the stoutest adherence to
principle and duty. Her tendency was to deal with her children fondly,
but this never interfered with good training and discipline. What she
felt right, she insisted on, at whatever pain to herself.'

She had to deal with strong characters. Coleridge, or Coley, to give him
the abbreviation by which he was known not only through childhood but
through life, was a fair little fellow, with bright deep-blue eyes,
inheriting much of his nature from her and her family, but not by any
means a model boy. He was, indeed, deeply and warmly affectionate,
but troublesome through outbreaks of will and temper, showing all the
ordinary instinct of trying how far the authorities for the time
being will endure resistance; sufficiently indolent of mind to use his
excellent abilities to save exertion of intellect; passionate to kicking
and screaming pitch, and at times showing the doggedness which is such
a trial of patience to the parent. To this Lady Patteson 'never yielded;
the thing was to be done, the point given up, the temper subdued, the
mother to be obeyed, and all this upon a principle sooner understood
than parents suppose.'

There were countless instances of the little boy's sharp, stormy gusts
of passion, and his mother's steady refusal to listen to his 'I will be
good' until she saw that he was really sorry for the scratch or pinch
which he had given, or the angry word he had spoken; and she never
waited in vain, for the sorrow was very real, and generally ended in
'Do you think God can forgive me?' When Fanny's love of teasing had
exasperated Coley into stabbing her arm with a pencil, their mother
had resolution enough to decree that no provocation could excuse 'such
unmanliness' in a boy, and inflicted a whipping which cost the girl more
tears than her brother, who was full of the utmost grief a child
could feel for the offence. No fault was lightly passed over; not that
punishment was inflicted for every misdemeanour, but it was always
noticed, and the children were shown with grave gentleness where they
were wrong; or when there was a squabble among them, the mother's
question, 'Who will give up?' generally produced a chorus of 'I! I! I!'
Withal 'mamma' was the very life of all the fun, and play, and jokes,
enjoying all with spirits and merriment like the little ones' own,
and delighting in the exchange of caresses and tender epithets. Thus
affection and generosity grew up almost spontaneously towards one
another and all the world.

On this disposition was grafted that which was the one leading
characteristic of Coley's life, namely, a reverent and religious spirit,
which seems from the first to have been at work, slowly and surely
subduing inherent defects, and raising him, step by step, from grace to
grace.

Five years old is in many cases an age of a good deal of thought. The
intelligence is free from the misapprehensions and misty perceptions of
infancy; the first course of physical experiments is over, freedom of
speech and motion have been attained, and yet there has not set in that
burst of animal growth and spirits that often seems to swamp the deeper
nature throughout boyhood. By this age Coley was able to read, and on
his birthday he received from his father the Bible which was used at his
consecration as Bishop twenty-seven years later.

He had an earnest wish to be a clergyman, because he thought saying the
Absolution to people must make them so happy, 'a belief he must have
gleaned from his Prayer-book for himself, since the doctrine was not in
those days made prominent.' The purpose was fostered by his mother. 'She
delighted in it, and encouraged it in him. No thought of a family being
to be made, and of Coley being the eldest son, ever interfered for a
moment. That he should be a good servant at God's altar was to her above
all price.'

Of course, however, this was without pressing the thought on him. He
grew on, with the purpose accepted but not discussed, except from time
to time a half-playful, half-grave reference to himself as a future
clergyman.

Reverence was strongly implanted in him. His old nurse (still his
sister's valued servant) remembers the little seven years old boy, after
saying his own prayers at her knee, standing opposite to his little
brother, admonishing him to attention with 'Think, Jemmy; think.' In
fact, devoutness seems to have been natural to him. It appears to have
been the first strongly traceable feature in him, and to have gradually
subdued his faults one by one.

Who can tell how far this was fostered by those old-fashioned habits
of strictness which it is the present habit to view as repellent? Every
morning, immediately after breakfast, Lady Patteson read the Psalms and
Lessons for the day with the four children, and after these a portion
of some book of religious instruction, such as 'Horne on the Psalms' or
'Daubeny on the Catechism.' The ensuing studies were in charge of Miss
Neill, the governess, and the life-long friend of her pupils; but the
mother made the religious instruction her individual care, and thus
upheld its pre-eminence. Sunday was likewise kept distinct in reading,
teaching, employment, and whole tone of conversation, and the effect was
assuredly not that weariness which such observance is often supposed to
produce, but rather lasting benefit and happy associations. Coley really
enjoyed Bible-reading, and entered into explanations, and even
then often picked up a passage in the sermons he heard at St.
Giles's-in-the-Fields from the Rev. J. Endell Tyler, and would give
his home-oracles no peace till they had made it as clear to his
comprehension as was possible.

The love of his home may be gathered from the fact that his letters have
been preserved in an unbroken series, beginning from a country visit in
1834, after a slight attack of scarlet fever, written in the round-hand
of a boy of seven years old, and finished off with the big Roman
capitals FINIS, AMEN, and ending with the uncompleted sheets, bearing as
their last date September 19, 1871.

The boy's first school was at Ottery St. Mary, in Devonshire, of which
his great-grandfather and great-uncle had both been head-masters.

There was much to make Ottery homelike to Coley, for his grandparents
lived at Heath's Court, close to the church, and in the manor-house near
at hand their third son, Francis George Coleridge, a solicitor, whose
three boys were near contemporaries of Coley, and two of them already in
the school.

From first to last his letters to his parents show no symptom of
carelessness; they are full of ease and confidence, outpourings of
whatever interested him, whether small or great, but always respectful
as well as affectionate, and written with care and pains, being
evidently his very best; nor does the good old formula, 'Your
affectionate and dutiful son,' ever fail or ever produce stiffness.

The shrinking from rough companions, and the desire to be with the
homelike relatives around, proved a temptation, and the little boy was
guilty of making false excuses to obtain leave of absence. We cannot
refrain from giving his letter of penitence, chiefly for the sake of the
good sense and kindness of his uncle's treatment:--


'April 26, 1836.

'My dear Papa,--I am very sorry for having told so many falsehoods,
which Uncle Frank has told mamma of. I am very sorry for having done so
many bad things, I mean falsehoods, and I heartily beg your pardon;
and Uncle Frank says that he thinks, if I stay, in a month's time Mr.
Cornish will begin to trust me again. Uncle Frank to-day had me into his
house and told me to reflect upon what I had done. He also lectured me
in the Bible, and asked me different questions about it. He told me that
if I ever told another falsehood he should that instant march into the
school and ask Mr. Cornish to strip and birch me; and if I followed the
same course I did now and did not amend it, if the birching did not do,
he should not let me go home for the holidays; but I will not catch the
birching...

'So believe me your dear Son,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


On the flap of the letter 'Uncle Frank' writes to the mother:--


'My dear Fanny,--I had Coley in my room to-day, and talked to him
seriously about his misdeeds, and I hope good has been done. But I
could scarcely keep my countenance grave when he began to reduce by
calculation the exact number of fibs he had told. He did not think it
was more than two or three at the utmost: and when I brought him to
book, I had much to do to prevent the feeling that the sin consisted
in telling many lies. However the dear boy's confession was as free
as could be expected, and I have impressed on his mind the meanness,
cowardice, and wickedness of the habit, and what it will end in here and
hereafter. He has promised that he will never offend in future in like
manner, and I really believe that his desire to be away from the school
and at ease among his friends induced him to trump up the invitations,
&c., to Mr. Cornish, in which consisted his first fibs. I shall watch
him closely, as I would my own child; and Cornish has done wisely,
I think, by giving the proper punishment of confining him to the
school-court, &c., and not letting him go to his friends for some time.
The dear boy is so affectionate, and has so much to work on, that there
is no fear of him; only these things must be looked after promptly, and
he must learn practically (before his reason and religion operate) that
he gains nothing by a lie... He is very well, and wins one's heart in a
moment...

'Ever your affectionate Brother,

'F. G. C.'


The management was effectual, and the penitence real, for this fault
never recurred, nor is the boy's conduct ever again censured, though the
half-yearly reports often lament his want of zeal and exertion. Coley
was sufficiently forward to begin Greek on his first arrival at Ottery,
and always held a fair place for his years, but throughout his school
career his character was not that of an idle but of an uninterested
boy, who preferred play to work, needed all his conscience to make
him industrious, and then was easily satisfied with his performances;
naturally comparing them with those of other boys, instead of doing his
own utmost, and giving himself full credit for the diligence he thought
he had used. For it must be remembered that it was a real, not an ideal
nature; not a perfect character, but one full of the elements of growth.

A childish, childlike boy, he was now, and for many years longer,
intensely fond of all kinds of games and sports, in which his light
active form, great agility, and high spirit made him excel. Cricket,
riding, running-races, all the school amusements were his delight;
fireworks for the 5th of November sparkle with ecstasy through his
letters, and he was a capital dancer in the Christmas parties at his
London home. He had likewise the courage and patience sure to be needed
by an active lad. While at Ottery he silently bore the pain of a broken
collar-bone for three weeks, and when the accident was brought to light
by his mother's embrace, he only said that 'he did not like to make a
fuss.'

Consideration for others, kindness, and sweetness of nature were
always his leading characteristics, making him much beloved by all his
companions, and an excellent guardian and example to his little brother,
who soon joined him at Ottery. Indeed, the love between these two
brothers was so deep, quiet, and fervid, that it is hard to dwell on
it while 'one is taken and the other left.' It was at this time a rough
buffeting, boyish affection, but it was also a love that made separation
pain and grief, and on the part of the elder, it showed itself in
careful protection from all harm or bullying, and there was a strong
underlying current of tenderness, most endearing to all concerned with
the boys, whether masters, relations, friends, or servants.




CHAPTER II. BOYHOOD AT ETON. 1838--1845.



After the Christmas holidays of 1837-8, when Coley Patteson was nearly
eleven years old, he was sent to Eton, that most beautifully situated
of public schools, whose delightful playing fields, noble trees, broad
river, and exquisite view of Windsor Castle give it a peculiar charm,
joining the venerable grandeur of age to the freshness and life of
youth, so as to rivet the affections in no common degree.

It was during the head-mastership of Dr. Hawtrey that Patteson became,
in schoolboy phrase, an Eton fellow, being boarded in the house of his
uncle, the Rev. Edward Coleridge, one of the most popular and successful
Eton masters. Several of his cousins were also in this house, with other
boys who became friends of his whole life, and he was thoroughly happy
there, although in these early days he still felt each departure from
home severely, and seldom failed to write a mournful letter after the
holidays. There is one, quite pathetic in its simplicity, telling his
mother how he could not say his prayers nor fall asleep on his first
night till he had resolutely put away the handkerchief that seemed
for some reason a special link with home. It illustrates what all who
remember him say, how thoroughly a childlike being he still was, though
a well-grown, manly, high-spirited boy, quite able to take care of
himself, keep his place, and hold his own.

He was placed in the lower remove of the fourth form, which was then
'up to' the Rev. Charles Old Goodford, i.e. that was he who taught the
division so called in school.

The boy was evidently well prepared, for he was often captain of his
division, and his letters frequently tell of successes of this kind,
while they anticipate 'Montem.'

That of 1838 was a brilliant one, for Queen Victoria, then only
nineteen, and her first year of sovereignty not yet accomplished, came
from the Castle to be driven in an open carriage to Salt Hill and bestow
her Royal contribution.

In the throng little Patteson was pressed up so close to the Royal
carriage that he became entangled in the wheel, and was on the point
of being dragged under it, when the Queen, with ready presence of mind,
held out her hand: he grasped it, and was able to regain his feet in
safety, but did not recover his perceptions enough to make any sign
of gratitude before the carriage passed on. He had all a boy's shyness
about the adventure; but perhaps it served to quicken the personal
loyalty which is an unfailing characteristic of 'Eton fellows.'

The Royal custom of the Sunday afternoon parade on the terrace of
Windsor Castle for the benefit of the gazing public afforded a fine
opportunity for cultivating this sentiment, and Coley sends an amusingly
minute description of her Majesty's dress, evidently studied for
his mother's benefit, even to the pink tips of her four long ostrich
feathers, and calling to mind Chalon's water-colours of the Queen in
her early youth. He finishes the description with a quaint little bit of
moralising. 'It certainly is very beautiful with two bands playing on
a calm, blessed Sunday evening, with the Queen of England and all her
retinue walking about. It gives you an idea of the Majesty of God, who
could in one short second turn it all into confusion. There is nothing
to me more beautiful than the raising one's eyes to Heaven, and thinking
with adoration who made this scene, and who could unmake it again.'

A few days later the record is of a very different scene, namely,
Windsor Fair, when the Eton boys used to imagine they had a prescriptive
right to make a riot and revel in the charms of misrule.

'On the second day the Eton fellows always make an immense row. So at
the signal, when a thing was acting, the boys rushed in and pulled down
the curtain, and commenced the row. I am happy to say I was not there.
There were a great many soldiers there, and they all took our part. The
alarm was given, and the police came. Then there was such a rush at the
police. Some of them tumbled over, and the rest were half-knocked down.
At last they took in custody three of our boys, upon which every boy
that was there (amounting to about 450) was summoned. They burst open
the door, knocked down the police, and rescued our boys. Meantime the
boys kept on shying rotten eggs and crackers, and there was nothing but
righting and rushing.'

A startling description! But this was nothing to the wild pranks that
lived in the traditions of the elder generation; and in a few years more
the boys were debarred from the mischievous licence of the fair.

Coley had now been nearly a year at Eton, and had proceeded through the
lower and middle removes of the fourth form, when, on November 23, he
achieved the success of which he thus writes:--

'Rejoice! I was sent up for good yesterday at eleven o'clock school. I
do not know what copy of verses for yet, but directly I do, I will send
you a copy.... Goodford, when I took my ticket to be signed (for I was
obliged to get Goodford, Abraham, and my tutor to sign it), said, "I
will sign it most willingly," and then kept on stroking my hand, and
said, "I congratulate you most heartily, and am very glad of it." I am
the only one who is sent up; which is a good thing for me, as it will
give me forty or fifty good marks in trials. I am so splitting with joy
you cannot think, because now I have given you some proof that I have
been lately sapping and doing pretty well. Do not, think that I am
praising myself, for I am pretty nearly beside myself, you may suppose.'

One of his cousins adds, on the same sheet: 'I must tell you it is very
difficult to be sent up in the upper fourth form, and still more so in
the middle remove.'

The subject of the Latin verses which obtained this distinction was
a wreath or garland, and there must have been something remarkable in
them, for Mr. Abraham preserved a copy of them for many years. There
was something in the sweetness and docility of the boy, and in the
expression of his calm, gentle face, that always greatly interested the
masters and made them rejoice in his success; and among his comrades
he was a universal favourite. His brother joined him at Eton during the
ensuing year, when the Queen's wedding afforded the boys another glimpse
of Royal festivity. Their tumultuous loyalty and audacity appear in
Coley's letter:--

'In college, stretching from Hexter's to Mother Spier's was a
magnificent representation of the Parthenon: there were three pillars,
and a great thing like this (a not over-successful sketch of a
pediment), with the Eton and Royal arms in the middle, and "Gratulatur
Etona Victoria et Alberto" It cost £150, and there were 5,000 lamps hung
on it. Throughout the whole day we all of us wore large white bridal
favours and white gloves. Towards evening the clods got on Long Walk
Wall; and as gentle means would not do, we were under the necessity of
knocking some over, when the rest soon jumped off. However, F---- and
myself declared we would go right into the quadrangle of the Castle,
so we went into the middle of the road and formed a line. Soon a rocket
(the signal that the Queen was at Slough) was let off, and then some
Life Guards came galloping along, and one of them ran almost over me,
and actually trod on F---'s toe, which put him into dreadful pain for
some time. Then came the Queen's carriage, and I thought college would
have tumbled down with the row. The cheering was really tremendous. The
whole 550 fellows all at once roared away. The Queen and Consort nodding
and bowing, smiling, &c. Then F---- and I made a rush to get up behind
the Queen's carriage, but a dragoon with his horse almost knocked us
over. So we ran by the side as well as we could, but the crowd was so
immensely thick, we could not get on as quick as the Queen. We rushed
along, knocking clean over all the clods we could, and rushing against
the rest, and finally F---- and myself were the only Eton fellows that
got into the quadrangle. As we got there, the Queen's carriage was going
away. You may fancy that we were rather hot, running the whole way up to
the Castle, besides the exertion of knocking over the clods and knocking
at doors as we passed; but I was so happy.'

Such is bliss at twelve years old!

The first half-year of 1839 had brought Patteson into the Remove, that
large division of the school intermediate between the fourth and fifth
forms. The work was harder, and his diligence somewhat relaxed. In fact,
the Coley of this period and of a good while later had more heart for
play than work. Cricket, bathing, and boating were his delight; and
though his school-work was conscientiously accomplished, it did not
interest him; and when he imagined himself to have been working hard and
well, it was a thunderbolt to him to find, at the end of the half-year,
that a great deal more had been expected of him by his tutor. It shows
how candid and sweet his nature was, that, just as when he was a little
fellow at Ottery, his penitent letter should contain the rebuke he had
received, without resentment against anyone but himself:--

'Aunt has just called me down into the drawing-room and shown me my
character. I am stupefied at it; it is so shocking just when I most
wanted a good one on account of mamma's health. I am ashamed to say that
I can offer not the slightest excuse; my conduct on this occasion has
been very bad. I expect a severe reproof from you, and pray do not send
me any money, nor grant me the slightest [favour?]. Whilst .....,
who has very little ability (uncle says), is, by plodding on, getting
credit, I, who (my tutor says) have abilities, am wickedly neglecting
and offending both my heavenly and earthly Father by my bad use of them.
Aunt called me into the drawing-room, and very kindly showed me the
excessive foolishness of my conduct; but from this very moment I am
determined that I will not lose a moment, and we will see what the next
three weeks will produce.'

Poor little fellow! his language is so strong that it is almost a
surprise to find that he was reproaching himself for no more heinous
fault than not having worked up to the full extent of his powers! He
kept his promise of diligence, and never again incurred reproof, but was
sent up for good again in November. His career through the school was
above the average, though not attaining to what was expected from his
capabilities; but the development of his nature was slow, and therefore
perhaps ultimately the more complete, and as yet study for its own sake
did not interest him; indeed, his mind was singularly devoid of pleasure
in classical subjects, though so alert in other directions.

He was growing into the regular tastes of the refined, fastidious Eton
boy; wrote of the cut of his first tail-coat that 'this is really an
important thing;' and had grown choice in the adorning of his room and
the binding of his books, though he never let these tastes bring him
into debt or extravagance. His turn for art and music began to show
itself, and the anthems at St. George's Chapel on the Sunday afternoons
gave him great delight; and in Eton Chapel, a contemporary says, 'I well
remember how he used to sing the Psalms with the little turns at the end
of the verses, which I envied his being able to do.' Nor was this mere
love of music, but devotion. Coley had daily regular readings of the
Bible in his room with his brother, cousins, and a friend or two; but
the boys were so shy about it that they kept an open Shakespeare on the
table, with an open drawer below, in which the Bible was placed, and
which was shut at the sound of a hand on the door.

Hitherto No. 33 Bedford Square had been the only home of the Patteson
family. The long vacations were spent sometimes with the Judge's
relations in the Eastern counties, sometimes with Lady Patteson's in the
West. Landwith Rectory, in Cornwall, was the home of her eldest brother,
Dr. James Coleridge, whose daughter Sophia was always like an elder
sister to her children, and the Vicarage of St. Mary Church, then a
wild, beautiful seaside village, though now almost a suburb of Torquay,
was held by her cousin, George May Coleridge; and here the brothers and
sisters climbed the rocks, boated, fished, and ran exquisitely wild
in the summer holidays. Christmas was spent with the Judge's mother at
Ipswich, amongst numerous cousins, with great merriment and enjoyment
such as were never forgotten.

Colonel Coleridge had died in 1836, his widow in her daughter's house
in 1838, and Heath's Court had become the property of Mr. Justice
Coleridge, who always came thither with his family as soon as the
circuit was over. In 1841, Feniton Court, about two miles and a half
from thence, was purchased by Judge Patteson, much to the delight of his
children. It was a roomy, cheerful, pleasantly-situated house, with a
piece of water in the grounds, the right of shooting over a couple of
farms, and all that could render boy life happy.

Feniton was a thorough home, and already Coley's vision was, 'When I am
vicar of Feniton, which I look forward to, but with a very distant
hope, I should of all things like Fanny to keep house for me till I am
married;' and again, when relating some joke with his cousins about
the law-papers, of the Squire of Feniton, he adds: 'But the Squire of
Feniton will be a clergyman.'

Whether this were jest or earnest, this year, 1841, brought the dawn
of his future life. It was in that year that the Rev. George Augustus
Selwyn was appointed to the diocese of New Zealand. Mrs. Selwyn's
parents had always been intimate with the Patteson family, and the
curacy which Mr. Selwyn had held up to this time was at Windsor, so
that the old Etonian tie of brotherhood was drawn closer by daily
intercourse. Indeed, it was from the first understood that Eton, with
the wealth that her children enjoyed in such large measure, should
furnish 'nerves and sinews' to the war which her son was about to wage
with the darkness of heathenism, thus turning the minds of the boys to
something beyond either their studies or their sports.

On October 31, the Rev. Samuel Wilberforce, then Archdeacon of Surrey,
and since Bishop of Oxford and of Winchester, preached in the morning at
New Windsor parish church, and the newly-made Bishop of New Zealand in
the afternoon. Coley was far more affected than he then had power to
express. He says: 'I heard Archdeacon Wilberforce in the morning, and
the Bishop in the evening, though I was forced to stand all the time.
It was beautiful when he talked of his going out to found a church, and
then to die neglected and forgotten. All the people burst out crying,
he was so very much beloved by his parishioners. He spoke of his perils,
and putting his trust in God; and then, when, he had finished, I think
I never heard anything like the sensation, a kind of feeling that if it
had not been on so sacred a spot, all would have exclaimed "God bless
him!"'

The text of this memorable sermon was, 'Thine heart shall be enlarged,
because the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee, the
forces also of the Gentiles shall come unto thee.' (Is. lx. 5.) Many
years later we shall find a reference to this, the watchword of the
young hearer's life.

The Archdeacon's sermon was from John xvii. 20, 21: 'Neither pray I for
these alone, but for them also which shall believe on Me through their
word; that they all may be One, as Thou, Father, art in Me, and I in
Thee, that they also may be One in Us: that the world may believe that
Thou hast sent Me.' And here again we find one of the watchwords of
Coley's life, for nothing so dwelt with him and so sustained him as the
sense of unity, whether with these at home in England, or with those in
the inner home of the Saints. When the sermon concluded with the words,
'As we are giving of our best, as our Church is giving of her best, in
sending forth from her own bosom these cherished and chosen sons, so let
there go forth from every one of us a consenting offering; let us give
this day largely, in a spirit of self-sacrifice, as Christian men, to
Christ our Lord, and He will graciously accept and bless the offerings
that we make'--the preacher could little guess that among the lads who
stood in the aisle was one in whom was forming the purpose of offering
his very self also.

For at that time Coleridge Patteson was receiving impressions that
became the seed of his future purpose, and the eyes of his spirit were
seeing greater things than the Vicarage of Feniton. Indeed, the subject
was not entirely new to him, for Edward Coleridge was always deeply
interested in missions, and had done his best to spread the like
feeling, often employing the willing services of his pupils in copying
letters from Australia, Newfoundland, &c.

When the Bishop of New Zealand came to take leave, he said, half in
earnest, half in playfulness, 'Lady Patteson, will you give me Coley?'
She started, but did not say no; and when, independently of this, her
son told her that it was his greatest wish to go with the Bishop, she
replied that if he kept that wish when he grew up he should have her
blessing and consent.

But there was no further mention of the subject. The sisters knew what
had passed, but it was not spoken of to his father till long after, when
the wish had become purpose. Meantime the boy's natural development put
these visions into the background. He was going on with ordinary work
and play, enjoying the pageantry of the christening of the Prince of
Wales, and cheering himself hoarse and half-frantic when the King of
Prussia came to see the school; then on his father's birthday writing
with a 'hand quite trembling with delight' to announce what he knew
would be the most welcome of birthday presents, namely, the news that
he had been 'sent up' for a very good copy of seventy-nine verses,
'all longs, on Napoleon e Seylhia profugus, passage of Beresina, and
so forth.' His Latin verses were his strong point, and from this time
forward he was frequently sent up, in all twenty-five times, an almost
unprecedented number.

In fact he was entering on a fresh stage of life, from the little boy to
the lad, and the period was marked by his Confirmation on May 26, 1842.
Here is his account both of it and of his first Communion. The soberness
and old-fashioned simplicity of expression are worth remarking as tokens
of the quietly dutiful tone of mind, full of reverence and sincere
desire to do right, and resting in the consciousness of that desire,
while steadily advancing towards higher things than he then understood.
It was a life and character where advancement with each fresh imparting
of spiritual grace can be traced more easily than usual.

It is observable too that the boy's own earnestness and seriousness of
mind seem to have to him supplied the apparent lack of external aids to
devotional feeling, though the Confirmation was conducted in the brief,
formal, wholesale manner which some in after-life have confessed to
have been a disappointment and a drawback after their preparation and
anticipation:--

'You will know that I have been confirmed to-day, and I dare say you all
thought of me. The ceremony was performed by the Bishop of Lincoln, and
I hope that I have truly considered the great duty and responsibility
I have taken upon myself, and have prayed for strength to support me
in the execution of all those duties. I shall of course receive the
Sacrament the first time I have an opportunity, and I trust worthily. I
think there must have been 200 confirmed. The Bishop gave us a very
good charge afterwards, recommending us all to take pattern by the
self-denial and true devotion of the Bishop of New Zealand, on whom
he spoke for a long-while. The whole ceremony was performed with the
greatest decorum, and in the retiring and coming up of the different
sets there was very little noise, and not the slightest confusion. I
went up with the first set, and the Bishop came round and put his hands
on the heads of the whole set (about forty), and then going into the
middle pronounced the prayer. The responses were all made very audibly,
and everyone seemed to be impressed with a proper feeling of the
holiness and seriousness of the ceremony. After all the boys had been
confirmed about seven other people were confirmed, of whom two were
quite as much as thirty, I should think.'


'June 5.

'I have just returned from receiving the Holy Sacrament in Chapel. I
received it from Hawtrey and Okes, but there were three other ministers
besides. There was a large attendance, seventy or eighty or more Eton
boys alone. I used the little book that mamma sent me, and found the
little directions and observations very useful. I do truly hope and
believe that I received it worthily... It struck me more than ever
(although I had often read it before) as being such a particularly
impressive and beautiful service. I never saw anything conducted with
greater decorum. Not a single fellow spoke except at the responses,
which were well and audibly made, and really every fellow seemed to
be really impressed with the awfulness of the ceremony, and the great
wickedness of not piously receiving it, I do not know whether there
will be another Sacrament here before the holidays, or whether I shall
receive it with you at Feniton next time.'


No doubt the whole family (except the yet unconfirmed younger brother)
did so receive it in the summer holidays, the last that were to be
spent in the full joy of an unbroken household circle, and, as has been
already said, one of unusual warmth and kindliness, binding closely
into it all who were connected therewith. Each governess became a
dear friend; the servants were deeply attached, and for the most
part fixtures; and one, the nurse already mentioned, says she never
recollects a time when Master Coley had to leave Feniton for London
without his offering the servants to take charge of their messages or
parcels. All dependents and poor people, in fact whatever came under
Judge Patteson's genial, broad-hearted influence, were treated with
the like kindness, and everything alive about the place seemed full of
happiness and affection.

The centre of this bright home had always been the mother, fervently
loved by all who came in contact with her, fragile in health, and
only going through her duties and exertions so cheerily by the quiet
fortitude of a brave woman. In the course of this year, 1842, some
severe spasmodic attacks made her family anxious; and as the railway
communication was still incomplete, so that the journey to London was a
great fatigue to an invalid, her desire to spend Christmas in Devonshire
led to her remaining there with her daughters, when her husband returned
to London on the commencement of term.

He had been gone little more than a fortnight when, on November 17, a
more severe attack came on; and though she was soon relieved from it,
she never entirely rallied, and was firmly convinced that this was 'the
beginning of the end.' Her husband was summoned home, Judge Coleridge
taking a double portion of his work to set him at liberty, and the truth
began to dawn on the poor boys at Eton. 'Do you really mean that there
is anything so very, very dreadful to fear?' is Coley's cry in his note
one day, and the next, 'Oh, Papa, you cannot mean that we may never,
unless we come down to Feniton, see mamma again. I cannot bear the
thought of it. I trust most earnestly that it is not the case. Do not
hide anything from me, it would make me more wretched afterwards. If it
shall (which I trust in His infinite mercy it will not) please Almighty
God to take our dearest mamma unto Himself, may He give us grace to bear
with fortitude and resolution the dreadful loss, and may we learn to
live with such holiness here that we may hereafter be united for ever
in Heaven.' This letter is marked twice over 'Only for Papa,' but the
precaution was needless, for Lady Patteson was accustoming all
those about her to speak freely and naturally of what she felt to be
approaching. Her eldest brother, Dr. Coleridge, was greatly comforting
her by his ministrations, and her sons were sent for; but as she did not
ask for them, it was thought best that they should remain at their Uncle
Frank's, at Ottery, until, on the evening of Sunday, the 27th, a great
change took place, making it evident that the end was drawing near.

The sufferer was told that the boys were come, and was asked if she
would see them. She was delighted, and they came in, restraining their
grief while she kissed and blessed them, and then, throwing her arms
round their father, thanked him for having brought her darling boys for
her to see once more. It was not long before she became unconscious; and
though all the family were watching and praying round her, she showed no
further sign of recognition, as she gradually and tranquilly fell asleep
in the course of the night.

To his cousin, Mrs. Martyn, Coley wrote the following letter just after
the funeral:--

'We only came down from our rooms to go to church, and directly the
beautiful service was over we went upstairs again. I need not tell you
what we then felt, and now do feel. It is a very dreadful loss to us
all; but we have been taught by that dear mother, who has been now taken
from us, that it is not fit to grieve for those who die in the Lord,
"for they rest from their labours." She is now, we may safely trust, a
blessed saint in Heaven, far removed from all cares and anxieties; and,
instead of spending our time in useless tears and wicked repinings, we
should rather learn to imitate her example and virtues, that, when we
die, we may sleep in Him as our hope is this our sister doth, and may be
finally united with her in Heaven. Yesterday was a day of great trial to
us all: I felt when I was standing by the grave as if I must have burst.

'Dear Papa bears up beautifully, and is a pattern of submission to us
all. We are much more happy than you could suppose, for, thank God, we
are certain she is happy, far happier than she could be on earth. She
said once, "I wonder I wish to leave my dearest John and the children,
and this sweet place, but yet I do wish it" so lively was her faith and
trust in the merits of her Saviour.'

A deep and permanent impression was left upon the boy's mind, as will be
seen by his frequent references to what he had then witnessed; but for
the present he was thought to be less depressed than the others, and
recovered his natural tone of spirits sooner than his brother and
sisters. The whole family spent their mournful Christmas at Thorverton
Rectory, with Dr. and Mrs. Coleridge and their daughter Fanny, their
chief comforters and fellow-sufferers; and then returned to London. The
Judge's eldest daughter, Joanna, who had always been entirely one with
the rest, had to take her place at the head of the household. In her own
words, 'It was trying for a lad of fifteen and a half, but he was very
good, and allowed me to take the command in a way that few boys would
nave done.'

'It has struck me as remarkable that friends and relations have again
and again spoken of different incidents as 'turning-points' in Coley's
life. If he had literally turned at them all, his would have been a
most revolving career; but I believe the fact to have been that he never
turned at all, for his face was always set the right way, but that each
of these was a point of impulse setting him more vigorously on his way,
and stirring up his faithful will. Such moments were those of admission
to religious ordinances, to him no dead letters but true receptions of
grace; and he likewise found incitements in sorrows, in failures, in
reproofs. Everything sank deeply, and his mind was already assuming the
introspective character that it had throughout the period of growth and
formation. One of his Eton companions, four years younger, has since
spoken of the remarkable impression of inwardness Patteson made on him
even at this time, saying that whenever he was taken by surprise he
seemed to be only ruminating till he spoke or was spoken to, and then
there was an instant return to the outer world and ready attention to
whatever was in hand.

The spring found him of course in the full tide of Eton interests. The
sixth and upper fifth forms, to the latter of which he had by this
time attained, may contend in the public examination for the Newcastle
scholarship, just before the Easter holidays, and it is a great
testimony to a boy's ability and industry if his name appears among
the nine select for their excellence. This time, 1843, Coley, who
was scarcely sixteen, had of course but little chance, but he had the
pleasure of announcing that his great friend, Edmund Bastard, a young
Devonshire squire, was among the 'select,' and he says of himself: 'You
will, as I said before, feel satisfied that I did my best, but it was an
unlucky examination for me. It has done me a great deal of good in one
way. It has enabled me to see where I am particularly deficient, viz.
general knowledge of history, and a thorough acquaintance with Greek and
Roman customs, law courts and expressions, and Greek and Roman writers.
I do not find myself wanting in making out a stiff bit of Greek or Latin
if I have time, but I must read History chiefly this year, and then I
hope to be selected next time. My tutor is not at all disappointed in
me.'

This spring, 1843, Patteson became one of the Eleven, a perilously
engrossing position for one who, though never slurring nor neglecting
his studies, did not enjoy anything so much as the cricket-field.
However, there the weight of his character, backed by his popularity and
proficiency in all games and exercises, began to be a telling influence.

On November 2, 1843, when the anniversary of his mother's death was
coming round, he writes to his eldest sister:--


'I had not indeed forgotten this time twelvemonth, and especially that
awful Sunday night when we stood round dear mamma's bed in such misery.
I never supposed at that time that we could ever be happy and merry
again, but yet it has been so with me; and though very often the
recollection of that night has come upon me, and the whole scene in its
misery has passed before me, I hope I have never forgotten, that though
a loss to us, it was a gain to her, and we ought rather to be thankful
than sorrowful.... By the bye, I do not really want a book-case much,
and you gave me the "Irish Stories," and I have not yet been sent up. I
would rather not have a present, unless the Doctor means to give me an
exercise. Do not lay this down to pride; but you know I was not sent up
last half, and if this passes, a blank again, I do not deserve any fresh
presents.'


This piece of self-discipline was crowned by joyous notices of being
'sent up for good' and 'for play' in the next half; when also occurs
a letter showing a spirit of submission to a restriction not fully
understood:--


'Tuesday evening.

'My dearest Father,--Hearing that "Israel in Egypt" was to be performed
at Exeter Hall on Friday night, I went and asked my tutor whether he had
any objection to my running up that night to hear it, and coming back
the next morning, quite early at six. My tutor said that, without any
absurd feelings on the matter, he should not think himself of going to
such a thing in Lent. "It was not," he said, "certainly like going to
the play, or any of those sort of places," but he did not like the idea
of going at all. Do you think that there was any harm in the wish?

'I do not ask because I wish you to write and say I may go, but because
I wish to learn whether my asking at all was wrong. Even if you have no
objection, I certainly shall not go, because for such a trifling thing
to act in opposition to my tutor, even with your consent, would be very
foolish.

'...Good-bye, my dearest Father. God bless you, says your affectionate
and dutiful Son,

'J. C. P.'


This year, 1844, the name of Patteson appeared among the 'select.'
'I shall expect a jolly holiday for my reward,' he merrily says, when
announcing it to his sisters. He had begun to join the Debating Society
at Eton, and for a while was the president. One of the other members
says, 'His speeches were singularly free from the bombast and
incongruous matter with which Eton orators from fifteen to eighteen are
apt to interlard their declamations. He spoke concisely, always to the
point, and with great fluency and readiness. A reputation for good sense
and judgment made his authority of great weight in the school, and his
independent spirit led him to choose, amongst his most intimate friends
and associates, two collegers, who ultimately became Newcastle scholars
and medallists.

'That the most popular oppidan of his day should have utterly ignored
the supposed inferiority of the less wealthy section of the school, and
looked on worth and high character as none the worse for being clothed
in a coarse serge gown, is a fact seemingly trivial to ordinary readers,
but very noticeable to Eton men. As a rank and file collegian myself,
and well remembering the Jew and Samaritan state that prevailed between
oppidans and collegers, I remember with pride that Patteson did so much
to level the distinctions that worked so mischievously to the school.
His cheerfulness and goodness were the surest guarantee for good order
amongst his schoolfellows. There was no Puritanism in him, he was up to
any fun, sung his song at a cricket or foot-ball dinner as joyfully
as the youngest of the party; but if mirth sank into coarseness
and ribaldry, that instant Patteson's conduct was fearless and
uncompromising....'

Here follows an account of an incident which occurred at the dinner
annually given by the eleven of cricket and the eight of the boats at
the hotel at Slough.

A custom had arisen among some of the boys of singing offensive songs on
these occasions, and Coley, who, as second of the eleven, stood in the
position of one of the entertainers, gave notice beforehand that he was
not going to tolerate anything of the sort. One of the boys, however,
began to sing something objectionable. Coley called out, 'If that
does not stop, I shall leave the room;' and as no notice was taken,
he actually went away with a few other brave lads. He afterwards found
that, as he said, 'fellows who could not understand such feelings
thought him affected;' and he felt himself obliged to send word to the
captain, that unless an apology was made, he should leave the
eleven--no small sacrifice, considering what cricket was to him; but the
gentlemanlike and proper feeling of the better style of boys prevailed,
and the eleven knew their own interests too well to part with him, so
the apology was made, and he retained his position. The affair came to
the knowledge of two of the masters, Mr. Dupuis and Mr. Abraham, and
they gratified their warm sense of approbation by giving Patteson a bat,
though he never knew the reason why, as we shall see in one of his last
letters to one of the donors.

His prowess at cricket must be described in the words of his cousin,
Arthur Duke Coleridge, who was at this time in college: 'He was by
common consent one of the best, if not the best, of the cricketers of
the school. The second year of his appearance at Lord's Cricket Ground
was the most memorable, as far as his actual services were concerned, of
all the matches he played against Harrow and Winchester. He was sent
in first in the Harrow match; the bowling was steady and straight, but
Patteson's defence was admirable. He scored fifty runs, in which there
was but one four, and by steady play completely broke the neck of the
bowling. Eton won the match easily, Patteson making a brilliant catch at
point, when the last Harrow man retired. Full of confidence, Eton began
the Winchester match. Victory for a long time seemed a certainty for
Eton; but Kidding, the Winchester captain, played an uphill game so
fiercely that the bowling had to be repeatedly changed. Our eleven were
disorganised, and the captain had so plainly lost heart, that Patteson
resolved on urging him to discontinue his change of bowling, and begin
afresh with the regular bowlers. The captain allowed Patteson to have
his way, and the game, though closely contested, was saved. His powers
of defence were indeed remarkable. I saw the famous professional
cricketer Lillywhite play once at Eton in his time, and becoming almost
irritated at the stubbornness and tenacity with which Coley held his
wicket. After scoring twenty and odd times in the first, and forty in
the second innings, (not out), Lillywhite said, 'Mr. Patteson, I should
like to bowl to you on Lord's Ground, and it would be different.' 'Oh,
of course,' modestly answered Coley; 'I know you would have me out
directly there.'

The next cricket season this champion was disabled by a severe sprain
of the wrist, needing leeches, splints, and London advice. It was when
fixing a day for coming up to town on this account that he mentioned the
occurrence of the previous year in a letter to his father:--

'I have a great object in shirking the oppidan dinner. I not only hate
the idea of paying a sovereign for a dinner, but last year, at the
cricket dinner, I had a great row, which I might possibly incur another
time, and I wish very much to avoid.'

Then, after briefly stating what had passed, he adds: 'At this dinner,
where the captain of the boats manages it, I should be his guest, and
therefore any similar act of mine would make matters worse. You can
therefore see why I wish Tuesday to be the day for my coming up.'

The sprain prevented his playing in the matches at Lord's that summer,
though he was well enough to be reckoned on as a substitute in case any
of the actual players had been disabled. Possibly his accident was good
for his studies, for this was a year of much progress and success; and
though only seventeen, he had two offers of tutorship for the holidays,
from Mr. Dugdale and the Marchioness of Bath. The question where his
university life was to be spent began to come forward. Studentships at
Christchurch were then in the gift of the Canons, and a nomination would
have been given him by Dr. Pusey if he had not been too young to begin
to reside, so that it was thought better that he should wait and go up
for the Balliol scholarship in the autumn.

In the October of 1844 he describes to his eldest sister the reception
of King Louis Philippe at Eton, accompanied by the Queen, Prince Albert,
and the Duke of Wellington:

'The King wore a white great coat, and looked a regular jolly old
fellow. He has white frizzle hair and large white whiskers. The former,
I suspect, is a wig. The cheering was tremendous, but behind the royal
carriage the cheers were always redoubled where the old Duke, the
especial favourite hero, rode. When they got off their horses in the
schoolyard, the Duke being by some mistake behindhand, was regularly
hustled in the crowd, with no attendant near him.

'I was the first to perceive him, and springing forward, pushed back the
fellows on each side, who did not know whom they were tumbling against,
and, taking off my hat, cheered with might and main. The crowd hearing
the cheer, turned round, and then there was the most glorious sight I
ever saw. The whole school encircled the Duke, who stood entirely alone
in the middle for a minute or two, and I rather think we did cheer him.
At last, giving about one touch to his hat, he began to move on, saying,
"Get on, boys, get on." I never saw such enthusiasm here; the masters
rushed into the crowd round him, waving their caps, and shouting like
any of us. As for myself, I was half-mad and roared myself hoarse in
about five minutes. The King and Prince kept their hats off the whole
time, incessantly bowing, and the King speaking. He walked arm-in-arm
with the Queen, who looked well and very much pleased. The Duke walked
with that Grand Duchess whose name you may see in the papers, for I
can't spell it.'

Very characteristic this both of Eton's enthusiasm for the hero, and of
the hero's undemonstrative way of receiving it, which must have somewhat
surprised his foreign companions.

A week or two later, in November 1844, came the competition for the
Balliol scholarship, but Coley was not successful. On the Saturday he
writes:--

'The scholarship was decided last night; Smith, a Rugby man, got
the first, and Grant, a Harrow man, the second.... I saw the Master
afterwards; he said, "I cannot congratulate you on success, Mr.
Patteson, but you have done yourself great credit, and passed a very
respectable examination. I shall be happy to allow you to enter without
a future examination, as we are all quite satisfied of your competency."
He said that I had better come up to matriculate next term, but should
not have another examination. We were in about nine hours a day, three
hours in the evening; I thought the papers very hard; we had no Latin
elegiacs or lyrics, which was rather a bore for the Eton lot. I am very
glad I have been up now, but I confess it was the longest week I ever
recollect. I feel quite seedy after a whole week without exercise....
The very first paper, the Latin Essay (for which we were in six hours),
was the worst of all my papers, and must have given the examiners an
unfavourable impression to start with. The rest of my papers, with the
exception of the Greek prose and the critical paper, I did very fairly,
I think.'

A greater disappointment than this was, however, in store for Coley. He
failed in attaining a place among the 'select,' at his last examination
for the Newcastle, in the spring of 1845. Before the list was given out
he had written to his father that the Divinity papers were far too easy,
with no opportunity for a pretty good scholar to show his knowledge,
'the ridicule of every one of the masters,' but the other papers very
difficult.

'Altogether,' he adds, 'the scholarship has been to me unsatisfactory. I
had worked hard at Greek prose, had translated and re-translated a good
deal of Xenophon, Plato, and some Demosthenes, yet to my disappointment
we had no paper of Greek prose, a thing that I believe never occurred
before, and which is generally believed to test a boy's knowledge well.
My Iambics were good, I expect, though not without two bad faults. In
fact, I cannot look back upon a single paper, except my Latin prose,
without a multitude of oversights and faults presenting themselves to
me... I almost dread the giving out of the select. Think if my name was
not there. It is some consolation that Hawtrey, yesterday, in giving me
an exercise for good, asked how I liked the examination. Upon my saying,
"It was not such a one as I expected, and that I had done badly," he
said "That is not at all what I hear," but this cannot go for much...
I want exercise very badly, and my head is very thick and stupid, as I
fear this last paper must show the examiners.'

The omission of Patteson's name from among the select was a great
mortification, not only to himself but his father, though the Judge
kindly wrote:--

'Do not distress yourself about this unfortunate failure as to the
Newcastle. We cannot always command our best exertions when we want to
do so, and you were not able on this occasion to bring forward all you
knew. It was not from idleness or want of attention to school business.
Work on regularly, and you will do well at Oxford. I have a line from
your tutor, who seems to think that it was in Juvenal, Cicero and Livy,
and in Iambics, that the faults principally were. I cannot say that I am
not disappointed; but I know so well the uncertainty of examinations
and how much depends on the sort of papers put, and on the spirits and
feeling one is in, that I am never surprised at such results, and I do
not blame you at all.' Those who knew Coley best agree in thinking that
this reverse took great effect in rousing his energies. This failure
evidently made him take himself to task, for in the summer he writes to
his father:--

There are things which have occurred during my stay at Eton which
cannot but make me blame myself. I mean principally a want of continuous
industry. I have perhaps for one half or two (for instance, last Easter
half) worked hard, but I have not been continuously improving, and
adding knowledge to knowledge, half by half. I feel it now, because I am
sure that I know very little more than I did at Easter. One thing I am
improved in, which is writing themes; and you will be pleased to know
that Hawtrey has again given me the School Theme prize, worth 5L., which
counts for another sent up exercise.'

In reply, the Judge, on July 22, wrote in the midst of the circuit, from
Stafford, a letter that might well do a son's heart good:--

'I rejoice in your finale, and shall be glad to see the exercise. You
have gone through Eton with great credit and reputation as a scholar,
and what is of more consequence, with perfect character as to truth and
conduct in every way. This can only be accounted for by the assistance
of the good Spirit of God first stirred up in you by the instructions of
your clear mother, than whom a more excellent human being never existed.
I pray God that this assistance may continue through life, and keep you
always in the same good course.'

A few days more and the boy's departure from the enthusiastically loved
school had taken place, together with his final exploits as captain in
the cricket-field, where too he formed an acquaintance with Mr. C.
S. Roundell, the captain of the Harrow eleven, which ripened into a
lifelong friendship.

'You may suppose,' writes Coley, 'that I was really very miserable at
leaving Eton. I did not, I assure you, without thanking God for the many
advantages I have there enjoyed and praying for His forgiveness for my
sin in neglecting so many. We began our match with Harrow yesterday, by
going in first; we got 261 runs by tremendous hitting, Harrow 32, and
followed up and got 55: Eton thus winning in one innings by 176 runs,
the most decided beating ever known at cricket.'

So ended Coleridge Patteson's school life, not reaching to all he saw
that it might have been; but unstained, noble, happy, honourable, and
full of excellent training for the future man. No sting was left to
poison the fail-memory of youth; but many a friendship had been formed
on foundations of esteem, sympathy, and kindness which endured through
life, standing all tests of separation and difference.




CHAPTER III. UNDERGRADUATE LIFE AT BALLIOL AND JOURNEYS ON THE CONTINENT.

1845--1852.



University life is apt to exert a strong influence upon a man's career.
It comes at the age at which there is probably the most susceptibility
to new impressions. The physical growth is over, and the almost
exclusive craving for exercise and sport is lessening; there is more
voluntary inclination to intellectual application, and the mind begins
to get fair play. There is also a certain liberty of choice as to the
course to be taken and the persons who shall become guides, and this
renders the pupilage a more willing and congenial connection than that
of the schoolboy: nor is there so wide a distance in age and habits
between tutor and pupil as between master and scholar.

Thus it is that there are few more influential persons in the country
than leading University men, for the impress they leave is on the flower
of English youth, at the very time of life when thought has come, but
action is not yet required. At the same time the whole genius loti,
the venerable buildings with their traditions, the eminence secured
by intellect and industry, the pride that is taken in the past and
its great men, first as belonging to the University, and next to the
individual college, all give the members thereof a sense of a dignity to
keep up and of honour to maintain, and a certainty of appreciation and
fellow-feeling from the society with which they are connected.

The Oxford of Patteson's day was yet untouched by the hand of
reformation. The Colleges were following or eluding the statutes of
their founders, according to the use that had sprung up, but there had
been a great quickening into activity of intellect, and the religious
influences were almost at their strongest. It was true that the master
mind had been lost to the Church of England, but the men whom he and his
companions had helped to form were the leaders among the tutors, and the
youths who were growing up under them were forming plans of life, which
many have nobly carried out, of unselfish duty and devotion in their
several stations.

Balliol had, under the mastership of Dr. Jenkyns, attained preeminence
for success in the schools, and for the high standard required of its
members, who formed 'the most delightful society, the very focus of
the most stimulating life of the University,' within those unpretending
walls, not yet revivified and enlarged.

Here Coleridge Patteson came to reside in the Michaelmas term of 1845;
beginning with another attempt for the scholarship, in which he was
again unsuccessful, being bracketed immediately after the fourth with
another Etonian, namely, Mr. Hornby, the future head-master, His friend,
Edmund Bastard, several of his relations, and numerous friends had
preceded him; and he wrote to his sister Fanny:--

'You cannot think what a nice set of acquaintance I am gradually
slipping into. Palmer and myself take regular familiar walks; and
Riddell, another fellow who is the pet of the College, came up the other
evening and sat with me, and I breakfast with them, and dine, &c. The
only inconvenience attaching itself to such a number of men is, that
I have to give several parties, and as I meant to get them over before
Lent, I have been coming out rather strong in that line lately, as the
pastry-cook's bill for desserts will show in good time.

'I have been asked to play cricket in the University eleven, and have
declined, though not without a little struggle, but cricket here,
especially to play in such matches as against Cambridge, &c., entails
almost necessarily idleness and expense.'

The struggle was hardly a little one to a youth whose fame in the
cricket field stood so high, and who was never happy or healthy
without strong bodily exercise. Nor had he outgrown his taste for this
particular sport. Professor Edwin Palmer (alluded to above) describes
him as at this time 'a thorough public schoolboy, with a full capacity
for enjoying undergraduate society and undergraduate amusements, though
with so fond a recollection of Eton that to some of us he hardly seemed
to appreciate Oxford sufficiently.'

Again, Mr. Roundell (his late adversary at Lord's) says: 'He was a
reluctant and half-interested sojourner was ever looking back to the
playing-fields of Eton, or forward to the more congenial sphere of a
country parish.' So it was his prime pleasure and glory that he
thus denied himself, though not with total abstinence, for he played
occasionally. I remember hearing of a match at Ottery, where he was one
of an eleven of Coleridge kith and kin against the rest of Devon. His
reputation in the field was such that, many years later, when he chanced
to be at Melbourne at the same time with the champion English eleven,
one of the most noted professional cricketers, meeting him in the
street, addressed him confidentially, 'I know, sir, the Bishop of
Melbourne does not approve of cricket for clergymen in public, but if
you would meet me in private at five o'clock to-morrow morning, and let
me give you a few balls, it would be a great satisfaction!'

Some resolution thus was required to prevent cricket from becoming a
tyrant, as so often befalls those whose skill renders them valuable.
Tennis became Coley's chief recreation, enabling him to work off his
superfluous energy at the expense of far less time than cricket matches
require, and in this, as in everything active, he soon excelled.

As to the desserts upon which the young men in turn were spending a good
deal out of mere custom, harmlessly enough, but unnecessarily; as soon
as the distress of the potato famine in Ireland became known, Patteson
said, 'I am not at all for giving up these pleasant meetings, but why
not give up the dessert?' So the agreement was made that the cost should
for the present be made over to the 'Irish fund.'

Another friend of this period, now well known as Principal Shairp of St.
Andrews', was then in the last year of a five years' residence. He has
been kind enough to favour me with the following effective sketch of
Coley as an undergraduate:--

'Patteson as he was at Oxford, comes back to me, as the representative
of the very best kind of Etonian, with much good that he had got from
Eton, with something better, not to be got at Eton or any other school.
He had those pleasant manners and that perfect ease in dealing with men
and with the world which are the inheritance of Eton, without the least
tincture of worldliness. I remember well the look he then had, his
countenance massive for one so young, with good sense and good feeling,
in fact, full of character. For it was character more than special
ability which marked him out from others, and made him, wherever he was,
whether in cricket in which he excelled, or in graver things, a centre
round which others gathered. The impression he left on me was of quiet,
gentle strength and entire purity, a heart that loved all things true
and honest and pure, and that would always be found on the side of
these. We did not know, probably he did not know himself, the fire of
devotion that lay within him, but that was soon to kindle and make him
what he afterwards became.'

In truth he was taking deep interest in the religious movement, though
in the quiet unexcited way of those to whom such doctrines were only the
filling out of the teachings of their childhood. He was present at that
sermon on the 'Entire Absolution of the Penitent,' with which, on the
Fourth Sunday after Epiphany, 1846, Dr. Pusey broke his enforced silence
of three years.

The same evening Coley wrote to his sister Fanny:--

'I have just returned from University sermon, where I have been
listening with great delight to Pusey's sermon on the Keys for nearly
two hours. His immense benevolence beams through the extreme power
of his arguments, and the great research of his inquiry into all the
primitive writings is a most extraordinary matter, and as for the
humility and prayerful spirit in which it was composed, you fancied he
must have been on his knees the whole time he was writing it. I went
early to Christ Church, where it was preached, and, after pushing
through such a crowd as usually blocks up the entrance into Exeter Hall,
I found on getting into the Cathedral that every seat was occupied.
However, standing to hear such a man was no great exertion, and I never
was so interested before. It will probably be printed, so that you
will have no occasion for any remarks of mine. It is sufficient that he
preached the doctrine to my mind in an invincible manner.' The letter
has a postscript--'Easter vacation will be from three weeks to a month.
Hurrah! say I; now a precious deal more glad am I to leave Oxford for
the holidays than Eton, though Feniton is better than either.'

Even in the last undergraduate year, the preference for Eton remained as
strong as ever. Coley intended to remain at Oxford to read for honours
through great part of the Long vacation; and after refreshing himself
with a run to Eton, he wrote:--

'Now for a very disagreeable contrast, but still I shall find great
interest in my work as I go on, and reading books for the second or
third time is light work compared to the first stodge at them. I am,
however, behindhand with my work, in spite of not having wasted much
time here.... I really don't see my way through the mass of work before
me, and half repent having to go up for class.

'...I went to the opera on Tuesday, but was too much taken up by Eton to
rave about it, though Grisi's singing and acting were out and out; but,
in sober earnest, I think if one was to look out simply for one's
own selfish pleasure in this world, staying at Eton in the summer is
paradise. I certainly have not been more happy, if so happy, for years,
and they need no convincing there of my doting attachment to the place.
I go down to Eton on Election Saturday and Sunday for my last enjoyment
of it this year; but if I am well and nourishing in the summer of 1849,
and all goes right with me, it is one of the jolliest prospects of my
emancipation from the schools to think of a month at Eton. Oh! it's hard
work reading for it, I can tell you.'

Thus Coley Patteson's work throughout his undergraduate three years
was, so to speak, against the grain, though it was more diligent
and determined than it had been at Eton. He viewed this as the least
satisfactory period of his life, and probably it was that in which he
was doing the most violence to his likings. It struck those who had
known him at Eton that he had 'shaken off the easy-going, comfortable,
half-sluggish habit of mind' attributed to him there, and to be
earnestly preparing for the future work of life. His continued interest
in Missions was shown by his assisting to collect subscriptions for the
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. In fact, his charm of manner,
and his way of taking for granted that people meant to do what they
ought, made him a good collector, and he had had a good deal of practice
at Eton in keeping up the boys to the subscription for the stained glass
of the east window of the Chapel which they had undertaken to give.

That Long vacation of study was a great effort, and he felt it tedious
and irksome, all the more from a weakness that affected his eyelids,
and, though it did not injure his sight, often rendered reading and
writing painful. Slight ailments concurred with other troubles and
vexations to depress his spirits; and besides these outward matters, he
seems to have had a sense of not coming up to his ideal. His standard
was pitched higher than that of most men: his nature was prone to
introspection, and his constitutional inertness rendered it so
difficult for him to live up to his own views, that he was continually
dissatisfied with himself; and this, in spite of his sweet unselfish
temper, gave his manner at home an irritability, and among strangers
a reserve--the very reverse of the joyous merry nature which used to
delight in balls, parties, and gaieties.

Though an ardent friend, he became disinclined to enter into general
society; nor was the distaste ever entirely overcome, though he never
failed to please by the charm alike of natural manner and of Christian
courtesy; the same spirit of gentleness and kindness very soon prevailed
in subduing, even in family life, any manifestation of the tender points
of a growing character.

In the autumn of 1849, he obtained a second class in the school of
Literae humaniores, a place that fairly represented his abilities as
compared with those of others. When the compulsory period of study
was at an end, his affection for Oxford and enjoyment of all that it
afforded increased considerably, though he never seems to have loved the
University quite as well as Eton.

As he intended to take Holy Orders, he did not give up his residence
there; but his first use of his leisure was to take a journey on the
Continent with his brother and Mr. Hornby. It was then that, as he
afterwards wrote, his real education began, partly from the opening
of his mind by the wonders of nature and art, and partly from the
development of his genius for philology. Aptitude for language had
already shown itself when his sister Fanny had given him some German
lessons; and even on his first halt at Cologne, he received the
compliment, 'Sie sprechen Deutsch wohl' and he found himself talking to
a German on one side and a Frenchman on the other.

His letters throughout his foreign travels are more copious than ever,
but are chiefly minute descriptions of what he saw, such as would weary
the reader who does not want a guide-book even full of individuality.
Yet they cannot be passed by without noticing how he fulfilled the duty
of study and endeavour at appreciation which everyone owes to great
works of art, instead of turning aside with shallow conceit if he do not
enter into them at first sight.

After the wonders of Vienna and the mines of Salzburg, the mountain
scenery of the Tyrol was an unspeakable pleasure, which tries to express
itself in many closely written pages. Crossing into Italy by the Stelvio
Pass, a sharp but passing fit of illness detained Coley at Como for a
day, and caused him to call in an Italian doctor, who treated him on the
starvation system, administered no medicines, and would take no fee.
The next day Coley was in condition to go on to Milan, where his
first impression of the Cathedral was, as so often happens, almost of
bewilderment. He did not at first like the Lombardo-Gothic style, but
he studied it carefully, and filled his letter with measurements and
numbers, though confessing that no part pleased him so much as the
pinnacles terminating in statues, 'each one a very beautiful martyr's
memorial.' Two more visits of several hours, however, brought the
untutored eye to a sense of the harmony of proportion, and the
surpassing beauty of the carvings and sculpture.

It did not need so much study to enjoy Lionardo da Vinci's great fresco,
of which he wrote long and elaborately, and, altogether, Milan afforded
him very great delight and was a new world to him. It was the farthest
limit of his travels on this occasion. The party returned by way of
Geneva; and Coley, alone with four guides, attempted the Col du Geant.
Then following is his account of the danger in which he found himself:--

'On Monday at 4.15 A.M. we started from the Montanvert, with our
alpenstocks, plenty of ropes, and a hatchet to cut steps in the ice. We
walked quickly over the Mer de Glace, and in about three hours came to
the difficult part. I had no conception of what it would be. We had to
ascend perpendicular walls of ice, 30, 40, 50 feet high, by little
holes which we cut with the hatchet, and to climb over places not a foot
broad, with enormous crevasses on each side. I was determined not to
give in, and said not a word, but I thought that no one had a right to
expose himself to such danger if known beforehand. After about three
hours spent in this way, (during which I made but one slip, when I slid
about twelve feet down a crevasse, but providentially did not lose my
head, and saved myself by catching at a broken ridge of ice, rising
up in the crevasse, round which I threw my leg and worked my way up it
astride), got to the region of snow, and here the danger was of falling
into hidden crevasses. We all five fastened ourselves to one another
with ropes. I went in the middle, Couttet in front, then Payot. Most
unluckily the weather began to cloud over, and soon a sharp hailstorm
began, with every indication of a fog. We went very cautiously over
the snow for about three hours, sinking every now and then up to our
middles, but only once in a crevasse, when Couttet suddenly fell,
singing out "Tirez! tirez!" but he was pulled out instantly. We had now
reached the top, but the fog was so dense that I could scarcely see 30
feet before me, and the crevasses and mountains of snow looming close
round us looked awful. At this moment the guides asked me if I must make
the passage. I said instantly that I wanted to do so, but that I would
sooner return at once than endanger the lives of any of them. They told
me there was certainly great danger, they had lost their way, but were
unwilling to give up. For an hour and a half we beat about in the fog,
among the crevasses, trying every way to find the pass, which is very
narrow, wet to the skin, and in constant peril; but we knew that the
descent on the Chamouni side is far more difficult than that on the
Courmayeur side. At last all the guides agreed that it was impossible
to find the way, said the storm was increasing, and that our only chance
was to return at once. So we did, but the fearful difficulties of the
descent I shall never forget. Even in the finest weather they reckon it
very difficult, but yesterday we could not see the way, we were numbed
with intense cold, and dispirited from being forced to return.

In many places the hail and sleet had washed out the traces we trusted
as guides. After about four hours, we had passed the most dangerous
part, and in another hour we were safely upon the Mer de Glace, which
we hailed with delight: Couttet, who reached the point of safety first,
jumping on the firm ice and shouting to me "Il n'y a plus de danger,
Monsieur." Here we took off the ropes, and drank some more brandy, and
then went as hard as we could, jumping across crevasses, which two days
before I should have thought awkward, as if they were cart ruts. We
reached Chamouni at 8.30 P.M., having been sixteen and a quarter hours
without resting. I was not at all tired; the guides thanked me for
having given so little trouble, and declared I had gone as well as
themselves. Indeed I was providentially unusually clear-headed and cool,
and it was not till the danger was over that I felt my nerves give way.
There was a good deal of anxiety about us at Chamouni, as it was one
of the worst days ever seen here. Hornby had taken all my clothes to
Geneva, so I put on a suit of the landlord's, and had some tea, and at
11 P.M. went to bed, not forgetting, you may be sure, to thank God most
fervently for this merciful protection, as on the ice I did many times
with all my heart.

'On reviewing coolly, to-day, the places over which we passed, and which
I shall never forget, I remember seven such as I trust never again to
see a man attempt to climb. The state of the ice and crevasses is
always shifting, so that the next person who makes the ascent may find
a comparatively easy path. We had other dangers too, such as this: twice
the guides said to me, "Ne parlez pas ici, Monsieur, et allez vite," the
fear being of an ice avalanche falling on us, and we heard the rocks and
ice which are detached by the wet falling all about. The view from the
top, if the day is fine, is about the most magnificent in the Alps; and
as in that case I should have descended easily on the other side, the
excursion would not have been so difficult. I hope you will not think I
have been very foolish; I did not at all think it would be so dangerous,
nor was it possible to foresee the bad weather. My curiosity to see some
of the difficulties of an excursion in the Alps is fully satisfied.'

After this adventure, the party broke up, James Patteson returning
home with Mr. Hornby, while Coley, who hoped to obtain a Fellowship at
Merton, and wished in the meantime to learn German thoroughly in order
to study Hebrew by the light of German scholarship, repaired to Dresden
for the purpose; revelling, by the way, on the pictures and glass at
Munich, descriptions of which fill three or four letters. He remained
a month at Dresden, reading for an hour a day with a German master, and
spending many hours besides in study, recreating himself with German
newspapers at the cafe where he dined, and going to the play in the
evening to hear colloquialisms. The picture galleries were his daily
enjoyment, and he declared the Madonna di San Sisto fully equal to
his anticipations. There is that about the head of the Virgin which
I believe one sees in no other picture, a dignity and beauty with a
mixture of timidity quite indescribable.'

Returning home for Christmas, Coley started again in January 1851, in
charge of a pupil, the son of Lord John Thynne, with whom he was to go
through Italy. The journey was made by sea from Marseilles to Naples,
where the old regime was still in force. Shakespeare and Humboldt
were seized; and after several hours' detention on the score of the
suspicious nature of his literature, Mr. Patteson was asked for a bribe.

The climate was in itself a great charm to one always painfully
susceptible to cold; and, after duly dwelling on the marvels of Vesuvius
and Pompeii, the travellers went on to Rome. There the sculptures were
Coley's first delight, and he had the advantage of hints from Gibson on
the theory of his admiration, such as suited his love of analysis.
He poured forth descriptions of statues and pictures in his letters:
sometimes apologising.--'You must put up with a very stupid and
unintelligible sermon on art. The genius loci would move the very stones
to preach on such a theme. Again: The worst is, that I ought to have
months instead of days to see Rome in. I economise my time pretty well;
but yet I find every night that I can only do a little of what I propose
in the morning; and as for my Italian, an hour and a half a day is on
an average more than I give to it. I suffer a good deal from weakness in
the eyes; it prevents my working at night with comfort. I have a master
every other day. I tried to draw, but it hurt me so much after looking
about all day that I despair of doing anything, though I don't abandon
the idea altogether.'

There are many letters on the religious state of Rome. The apparently
direct supplications to the Saints, the stories told in sermons of
desperate sinners--saved through some lingering observance paid to
the Blessed Virgin, and the alleged abuse of the Confessional, shocked
Patteson greatly, and therewith he connected the flagrant evils of the
political condition of Rome at that time, and arrived at conclusions
strongly adverse to Roman Catholicism as such, though he retained
uninjured the Catholic tone of his mind.

It was art which was the special attraction to Coley of all the many
spells of old Rome. He spent much time in the galleries, and studied
'modern painters' with an earnestness that makes Ruskinism pervade his
letters.

At Florence, Coley wrote as usual at much length of the galleries, where
the Madonna del Cardellino seems to have been what delighted him most.
He did not greatly enter into Michel Angelo's works, and perhaps hardly
did their religious spirit full justice under the somewhat
exclusive influence of Fra Angelico and Francia, with the Euskinese
interpretation. The delight was indescribable. He says:-- 'But I have
written again and again on this favourite theme, and I forget that it is
difficult for you to understand what I write, or the great change that
has taken place in me, without seeing the original works. No one can
see them and be unchanged. I never had such enjoyment.' His birthday
presents were spent on a copy of the beloved Madonna del Cardellino, of
which he says:--'though it does not reach anything like the intensity
of feeling of the original, is still a very excellent painting, and will
always help to excite in my imagination, and I hope to convey to you,
some faint image of the exceeding beauty of this most beautiful of all
paintings.'

Readers chiefly interested in the subsequent career of the missionary
would feel interrupted by the overflowing notes on painting, sculpture
and architecture which fill the correspondence, yet without them, it is
scarcely possible to realise the young man's intense enthusiasm for the
Beautiful, especially for spiritual beauty, and thus how great was the
sacrifice of going to regions where all these delights were unknown and
unattainable. He went on to Venice, where he met a letter which gave a
new course to his thoughts, for it informed him that the deafness, which
had long been growing on his father had now become an obstacle to the
performance of his duties as a Judge, and announcing his intention of
retiring.

In the fulness of his heart he wrote:--


'Venice, Hotel de la Villa: May 2, 1851.

'My dearest Father,--I have not been in Venice an hour yet, but little
did I expect to find such news waiting for me as is contained in Jem's
letter, and I can lose no time in answering it. It is indeed a heavy
trial for you, that, in addition to many years of constant annoyance
from your deafness, you should be obliged now, in the full vigour of
your mind, and with the advantage of your experience, to give up a
profession you so thoroughly delight in. I don't deny that I have
often contemplated the possibility of such a thing; and I had some
conversation with Uncle John last winter in consequence of my fancying
your deafness was on the increase, though the girls did not perceive it;
I hope with all my heart I was wrong. I told him what I know you feel,
that, painful as it will be to you to retire from the Bench, if any
dissatisfaction was expressed at your not hearing sufficiently what
passed, you would choose rather to give up your seat than to go on
under such circumstances. His answer, I remember, was that it was most
difficult to know what to do, because it was no use concealing the fact
that your infirmity did interfere with the working of the Court more
or less, on Circuit especially, and at other times when witnesses were
examined, but that your knowledge of law was so invaluable that it was
difficult to see how this latter advantage could fail to outweigh the
former defect; and everybody knew that they can't find a lawyer to fill
your place, though another man might do the ordinary circuit work with
greater comfort to the Bar; though therefore nobody is so painstaking
and so little liable to make mistakes, yet to people in general and in
the whole, another man would seem to do the work nearly as well, and
would do his work, as far as his knowledge and conscientiousness went,
with more ease;--this was something like the substance of what passed
then, and you may suppose that since that time I have thought more about
the possibility of your retirement; but as I know how very much you will
feel giving up an occupation in which you take a regular pride, I do
feel very sorry, and wish I was at home to do anything that could be
done now. I know well enough that you are the last man in the world to
make a display of your feelings, and that you look upon this as a
trial, and bear it as one, just as you have with such great patience and
submission (and dear Joan too,) always quietly borne your deafness; but
I am sure you must, and do feel this very much, and, added to Granny's
illness, you must be a sad party at home. I feel as if it were very
selfish to be in this beautiful city, and to have been spending so much
money at Florence. Neither did Joan, in her last letter, nor has Jem
now, mentioned whether you received two letters from Florence, the first
of which gave some description of my vetturino journey from Rome to
Florence. I little thought when I was enjoying myself so very much
there, that all this was passing at home.... Your influence in the Privy
Council (where I conclude they will offer you a seat) might be so good
on very important questions, and it would be an occupation for you;
and I have always hoped that, if it should please God you should retire
while still in the prime of life for work, you would publish some great
legal book, which should for ever be a record of your knowledge on these
subjects. However it may be, the retrospect of upwards of twenty years
spent on the Bench with the complete respect and admiration of all your
friends, is no slight thing to fall back upon: and I trust that this
fresh trial will turn to your good, and even happiness here, as we may
trust with safety it will hereafter.

'Ever your very affectionate and dutiful Son,

'JOHN COLERIDGE PATTESON.'


In this winter of 1852, Mr. Justice Patteson's final decision to retire
was made and acted upon. The Judge delighted in no occupation so much as
the pursuit of law, and therefore distrusted his own opinion as to the
moment when his infirmity should absolutely unfit him for sitting in
Court. He had begged a friend to tell him the moment that the impediment
became serious; and this, with some hesitation, was done. The intimation
was thankfully received, and, after due consideration, carried out.

On January 29, 1852, after twenty-two years on the Bench, and at the age
of sixty-two, Mr. Justice Patteson wrote his letter of resignation to
Lord Truro, then Lord Chancellor, petitioning for the usual pension. It
was replied to in terms of warm and sincere regret; and on the 2nd of
February, Sir John Patteson was nominated to the Privy Council, as
a member of the Judicial Committee; where the business was chiefly
conducted in writing, and he could act with comparatively little
obstacle from his deafness.

On February 10, 1852, he took his leave of the Bar. The Court of Queen's
Bench was crowded with barristers, who rose while the Attorney-General,
Sir Alexander Cockburn, made an address expressive of the universal
heartfelt feeling of respect and admiration with which the retiring
Judge was regarded.

John Patteson's reply, read with a voice broken by emotion, is so
touching in its manly simplicity and humility that a paragraph or two
may well be quoted:--

'Mine,' he said, 'is one of the many instances which I know that a
public man without pre-eminent abilities, if he will but exert such
as it has pleased God to bestow on him honestly and industriously,
and without ostentation, is sure to receive public approbation fully
commensurate with, and generally much beyond, his real merits; and I
thank God if I shall be found not to have fallen entirely short in the
use of those talents which He has entrusted to me.' Then, after some
words on the misfortune that necessitated his withdrawal, he continued,
'I am aware that on some, and I fear too many, occasions I have given
way to complaints and impatient expressions towards the Bar and the
witnesses in Court, as if they were to blame when, in truth, it was my
own deficiency; and heartily sorry have I been and am for such want of
control over myself. I have striven against its recurrence earnestly,
though not always successfully. My brethren on the Bench, and you, and
the public, have been very kind and indulgent to me; the recollection of
which will remain with, and be a great solace to me for the rest of my
life.

'And now, gentlemen, I bid you farewell most affectionately. I wish
you many years of health and happiness, of success and honour in your
liberal profession; the duties of which have been and are and I trust
ever will be performed, not only with the greatest zeal, learning, and
ability, but with the highest honour and integrity, and a deep sense of
responsibility to God and to man, and which being so performed, are, in
my humble judgment, eminently conducive, under the blessing of God,
to maintain the just prerogative of the Crown, and the true right,
liberties, and happiness of the people.'

He then rose from the Judges' seat, and bowed his farewell to the
assembly, who stood respectful and silent, except for some suppressed
tokens of emotion, for in truth to many the parting was from an old
familiar and much trusted friend.

Private letters poured in, expressive of deep regret, esteem, and
affection, and not only were gratefully read at the time, but became to
the family valuable memorials of the heartfelt appreciation gained by a
high-minded and upright course of life, and evidences that their father
had done that which is perhaps the best thing that it is permitted to
man to do here below, namely, 'served God in his generation.'




CHAPTER IV. FELLOWSHIP OF MERTON. 1852--1854.



In the summer of 1852 Coleridge Patteson stood for a fellowship of
Merton, obtained it, and moved into rooms there. Every college has a
distinctive character; and Merton, if not actually the eldest, is at
least one of the oldest foundations at Oxford, and is one of the most
unchanged in outward aspect. There is a peculiar charm in the beauty and
seclusion of the quadrangle, in the library, still mediaeval even to the
fittings; and the church is above all impressive in the extraordinary
loveliness of the early decorated architecture, and the space and
loftiness of the choir. The whole, pre-eminently among the colleges,
gives the sense of having been unaltered for five hundred years, yet
still full of life and vigour.

Coley attached himself to Merton, though he never looked to permanent
residence there. The Curacy in the immediate neighbourhood of his home
was awaiting him, as soon as he should be ordained; but though his
purpose was unchanged and he was of full age for Holy Orders, he wished
for another year of preparation, so as to be able to study both Hebrew
and theology more thoroughly than would be possible when pastoral labour
should have begun. What he had already seen of Dresden convinced him
that he could there learn Hebrew more thoroughly and more cheaply than
at home, and to this he intended to devote the Long Vacation of 1852,
without returning to Feniton. There the family were settling themselves,
having given up the house in Bedford Square, since James Patteson had
chambers in King's Bench Walk, where the ex-Judge could be with him when
needed in London. There had some notion of the whole family profiting
by Sir John's emancipation to take a journey on the Continent, and the
failure of the scheme elicited the following letter:--


'Merton: June 18.

'My dearest Fan,--I can, to a certain extent, sympathise with you
thoroughly upon this occasion; the mere disappointment at not seeing so
many interesting places and things is a sharp one, but in your instance
this is much increased by the real benefit you hoped to derive from
a warmer climate; and no wonder that the disappearance of your hopes
coupled with bodily illness makes you low and uncomfortable. The weather
too is trying to mind and body, and though you try as usual to shake off
the sense of depression which affects you, your letter is certainly sad,
and written like the letter of one in weak health. Well, we shall see
each other, please GOD, at Christmas now. That is better than passing
nearly or quite a year away from each other; and some other time I hope
you will be able to go to Italy, and enjoy all the wonders there, though
a tour for health's sake cannot be too soon. It is never too soon to get
rid of an ailment....

'I find that I am getting to know the undergraduates here, which is what
I wanted to do; it is my only chance of being of any use. True, that I
have to do it at the expense of two half-days' cricketing, which I have
quite ceased to care about, but I know that when I went up to Balliol,
I was glad when a Fellow played with us. It was a guarantee for orderly
conduct, and as I say, it gives me an opportunity of knowing men. I hope
to leave London for Dresden on Monday week; Arthur is gone thither, as I
find out from Jem, and I hope the scheme will answer. If I find I can't
work, from my eyes, or anything else, preventing me, I shall come home,
but I have no reason to expect any such thing. My best love to Joan and
all friends.

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The 'Arthur' here mentioned was the youngest son of Mr. Frank Coleridge,
and became Coley's companion at Dresden, where he was studying German.
He writes:--

'Patteson spoke German fluently, and wrote German correctly. He had
studied the language assiduously for about two years previously, and so
successfully that whilst we were at Dresden, he was enabled to dispense
with a teacher and make his assistance little more than nominal.
Occasionally he wrote a German exercise, but rather as an amusement
than a discipline, and merely with the view of enlarging his German
vocabulary. I remember his writing an elaborate description of Feniton
Court, and imagining the place to be surrounded with trees belonging
to all sorts of climates. The result was very amusing to ourselves, and
added to the writer's stock of words on particular subjects. When our
master Schier appeared, the conversation was led by a palpable ambuscade
to the topic which had been made the subject of Patteson's exercise, and
conversation helped to strengthen memory. After looking over a few of
Patteson's German exercises, Mr. Schier found so little to correct,
in the way of grammatical errors, that these studies were almost
relinquished, and gave way to Arabic and Hebrew. Before we left Dresden,
Patteson had read large portions of the Koran; and, with the aid
of Hurwitz's Grammar and Bernhard's Guide to Hebrew Students, books
familiar to Cambridge men, he was soon able to read the Psalms in the
original. I remember the admiration and despair I felt in witnessing
Patteson's progress, and the wonder expressed by his teacher in his
pupil's gift of rapid acquirement. We had some excellent introductions;
amongst others, to Dr. ----, a famous theologian, with whom Patteson was
fond of discussing the system and organisation of the Church in
Saxony. Up to the time of his leaving England he was constantly using
Olshausen's Commentary on the New Testament, a book he was as thoroughly
versed in as Archbishop Trench himself. I think that he consulted no
other books in his study of the Gospels, but Olshausen and Bengel's
Gnomon.

'In our pleasures at Dresden there was a mixture of the utile with the
dulce. Our constant visits to the theatre were strong incentives to a
preparatory study of the plays of Goethe, Schiller, and Lessing. What
noble acting we saw in that Dresden theatre!

'With regard to the opera, I have never seen Weber or Meyerbeer's works
given so perfectly and conscientiously as at Dresden. Patteson's chief
delight was the Midsummer Night's Dream, with Mendelssohn's music. He
had a tuneful baritone voice and a correct ear for music. We hired
a piano for our sitting-room; and, though I failed to induce him to
cultivate his voice, and join me in taking lessons, he sang some of
Mendelssohn's Lieder very pleasingly, and knew most of the bass music
from the Messiah by heart. He began to play a few scales on the piano,
and hoped to surprise his sisters on his return to England by playing
chants, but the Arabic and Hebrew studies proved too absorbing;
he grudged the time, and thought the result disproportioned to the
sacrifice.

'In our daily walks we talked constantly of Church matters. Some sharp
and sad experiences in the loss of more than one of his Eton and Oxford
friends, who had abandoned the Church of England, failed to shake his
confidence in the Church he was to serve so faithfully and to die for
so gloriously. His faith and daily practice seem to me a protest
and warning against the folly, if not the falsehood, of extremes.
Moderation, quiet consistency of life, and unswerving loyalty to a faith
which had been the joy and comfort of his dear mother, whose loveable
nature he inherited and reflected, a blameless life and unfailing
charity enabled him when the time came to live a life of incessant toil,
and face a martyr's death. I remember the present Bishop of Carlisle
inciting Cambridge undergraduates to become, by virtue of earnestness,
gentleness, and toleration, "guides not judges, lights not firebrands."
He drew a perfect description of Patteson, who came more completely up
to that ideal than anyone I ever knew. Here was a man capable of the
purest and most tender friendship, with an exquisite appreciation of all
that is noblest in life, and he was ready to give up all, and content to
lead the forlorn hope of Christianity, and perish in the front ranks
of the noble army. "And having been a little tried he shall be greatly
rewarded, for God proved him, and found him worthy for Himself."'

I have given this letter almost entire, because it shows the impression
Coley made on one, little his junior, in the intimate associations of
cousin, neighbour, and schoolfellow, as well as travelling companion.

This year seems to have been a marked stage of development. He was now
twenty-five, and the boyish distaste for mental exertion which had so
long rendered study an effort of duty had passed into full scholarly
enjoyment. The individuality and originality of his mind had begun to
awaken, and influenced probably by the German atmosphere of thought
in which he was working, were giving him that strong metaphysical bent
which characterised his tone through life, and became apparent in his
sermons when he addressed an educated audience.

Here is a letter to his eldest sister: 'The weather has been better
suited for work, and I feel pretty well satisfied with my Hebrew. What
makes it so difficult is principally this, that as it is an Oriental
language, it is entirely different in structure, and in its inflections,
&c., from any language I ever came across. I can't fall back upon
anything already learnt to help me; but I see my way pretty clear now,
and shall soon have little more than a knowledge of the meaning of the
words to learn, which is only a matter of patience, and can be learnt
with a good dictionary and practice. A real complete knowledge of the
grammar is of course the great thing.

'The great Dresden fair, called the Vogelschiesser, is going on; it
began last Sunday and ends next Sunday. About half a mile from the town
there is a very large meadow by the river, where a small town of booths,
tents, &c., is erected, and where shooting at targets with wooden darts,
sham railway-trains and riding-horses, confectionery of every kind,
beer of every name, strength, and colour, pipes, cigars, toys, gambling,
organ-grinding, fiddling, dancing, &c., goes on incessantly. The great
attraction, however, is the shooting at the bird, which occupies the
attention of every Saxon, and is looked upon as the consummation of
human invention and physical science. A great pole, nearly 80 feet high,
is erected with a wooden bird, about the size of a turkey, at the top;
to hit this with a crossbow from a regular stand, about 50 feet from
the foot of the pole, is the highest ambition of this great people. The
accompaniments are rich in the extreme: cannon firing, drums rolling,
for a successful shot, the shooting society, who exist only for the sole
honour and glory of hacking this bird to pieces, the presence of the
King, I think to-day, and the intense interest taken in the amusement by
the whole population; certainly the Germans are satisfied with less than
any people I ever saw (barring two things, smoke and beer, in which they
are insatiable). I went out to see it all, but it rather bored me after
an hour or so. Tom F---- and I threw some dice for a pair of braces for
Arthur, which we presented in due form; and we had some shots at the
targets--mine were eminently unsuccessful.

'Last night we had a great treat. Emil Devrient, who has been acting in
London, you know, came back, and acted Marquis Posa in "Don Carlos." The
play acts very much better than it reads. Schiller certainly has great
dramatic genius; only I agree with Goethe that there is always a longing
for exhibiting cruelty in its most monstrous form, and refinement of
cruelty and depravity overstepping almost the natural conditions of
humanity. I always thought Iago about the most awful character in
Shakspeare; but Schiller's Philip II. is something beyond even this,
without perhaps so much necessity for the exhibition of this absolute
delight in evil. It is long since I have been so excited in a theatre. I
was three rows from the stage, heard and understood everything, and
was so completely carried away by the grandeur and intense feeling of
Devrient (who was well supported by the Don Carlos), that I had some
difficulty to keep quiet, and feel to-day rather odd, shaken, as it
were, from such a strain upon the feelings.'

Here is a letter, enclosed within one to his sister Fanny on September
9, written on a scrap of paper. The apologetic tone of confession is
amusing:--

'My dearest Father,--I have not before told you that I have been at work
for just three weeks upon a new subject; reading, however, Hebrew every
day almost for three hours as well. Schier is not a great Hebraist; and
I found the language in one sense easier than I expected, so that with
good grammar and dictionary I can quite get on by myself, reading an
easy part of the Bible (historical books, e.g.) at the rate of about
twenty-five verses an hour. Well, I began to think that I ought to use
the opportunities that Dresden affords. I know that Hebrew is not a
rich language; that many words occur only once, and consequently have an
arbitrary meaning attached to them, unless they can be illustrated from
cognate languages. Now I have a taste for these things, and have in
three weeks progressed so far in my new study as to feel sure I shall
make it useful; and so I tell you without fear I am working at Arabic. I
hope you won't think it silly. It is very hard, and for ten days was as
hard work as I ever had in my life. I think I have learnt enough to
see my way now, and this morning read the first chapter of Genesis
in three-quarters of an hour. It is rich, beyond all comparison, in
inflexions; and the difficulty arises from the extreme multiplicity
of all its forms: e.g. each verb having not only active, middle,
and passive voices, but the primitive active having not less than
thirty-five derivative forms and the passive thirteen. The "noun of
action,"--infinitive with article (to akonein) of the Greek--is again
different for each voice or form; and the primitive can take any of
twenty-two forms, which are not compounded according to any rule.
Again, there are twenty-eight sets of irregular plurals, which are quite
arbitrary. No grammarian has ever given any explanation about them.
All mere matters of memory. The very alphabet shows the richness of the
language. There are twenty-nine letters, besides vowel points; and each
letter is written in four different ways, so that it is different when
isolated, when in the beginning, middle, or end of a word. It took me
some hours to learn them. In very many respects, it is closely allied
to the Hebrew, so that everybody who writes Hebrew grammars and lexicons
necessarily has much to do with Arabic; and a knowledge of it may be of
great use in clearing up difficulties in the Bible. My year in Oxford
will enable me to go on with it, for in three weeks more I hope to be
able to go on alone. To-morrow I begin the Koran. My lessons will not
in all exceed 31; and I really should have gone on, perhaps, not much
faster with Hebrew if I had worked it exclusively; and it is hard to
read so many hours at one thing: and I may say, now without doubt, that
I have laid the foundation for a study of Oriental languages, if I have
time and opportunity that may be fairly given to them. Think what one
hour a day is, and the pleasure to me is very great, and I feel that I
have a knack rather (if I may say so) of laying hold of these things.
Don't mention it to anyone.'

There the fragment breaks off; and in a letter of August 29 there occurs
this reply to a message from his eldest sister:--

'Thank dear Joan for her caution: I know I need it sadly, especially now
when I am at work upon somewhat out-of-the-way subjects, and feel the
danger of forgetting that if I mistake the means for the end, and feel
gratified with the mere intellectual amusement, I am doing very wrong,
even when I am working very hard at very difficult matters. I like these
things, I must confess, and the time is so well adapted to work here,
and now that the weather is cool I can secure every day a good long
time to myself.' In the enclosed letter he announces that he shall leave
Dresden in another three weeks. He says:--

'We have had a steady working time of it here; and as I know some
members of the family rather discourage these Continental flights, I
just sum up the advantages thereof. Being naturally endowed with a love
of music, the probability is, that when you, Clara, and Miss Horsley are
together in the house, as soon as a Lied or Sonata began, away would
go my books, or at all events my thoughts. You know well that the piano
goes at all hours, and always in the morning at home. Then riding,
walking with Father, long sitting after dinner, &c. do not improve the
chances for reading. In fact, you know that what with visitors from
without, friends within, parties, &c., I should have had very little
reading in the vacation, and that not through my own fault--not a
Stilbehen in the house could protect me from music. Here I make my own
time, and last week my eyes were troublesome. I walked twice every day,
exactly at the hour when I most wanted it; and without nonsense, I may
say that I have in two months done really a great deal more than I could
have done at home even with masters. This all applies to Arthur just as
much. He has read German exclusively most of the time, and knows as well
as I do that it is not possible to work at home. If I could go on just
as well as with Mendelssohn ringing in my ears, it would be different,
but I can't. You remember how pleasant, but how very idle, last vacation
was, and especially the last six weeks of it!'

Then, after much about family matters, commissions, and little gifts
which he was collecting for all at home--

I should like to get something for everybody, but that is not possible.
Luckily, my lessons are less expensive than I expected, and, considering
the work, wonderfully cheap. I make good progress, I can say; but the
difficulty is great enough to discourage any but a real "grinder" at
such work. I have written a scrap for Father, and you will see that I
am working away pretty well. I have finished my introductory book,
consisting of forty-one fables; and though difficulties present
themselves always to really good scholars from time to time, the Bible
is not one of the hardest books, not so hard, e.g. as the Koran. Now
I can at any future time, if the opportunity comes, go on with these
things, and I hope find them really useful. I know you like to hear what
I am doing; but be sure to keep it all quiet, let no one know but Father
and Joan. You might carelessly tell it to anyone in fun, and I don't
wish it to be known. Especially don't let any of the family know. Time
enough if I live out my Oxford year, and have really mastered the matter
pretty well. Remember this is taken up with a view to elucidate and
explain what is so very hard in Hebrew. Hebrew is to be the Hauptsache,
this the Hulfsmittel, or some day I hope one of several such helps. It
is very important to accustom one's mind to the Denk and Anschauungswerk
of the Orientals, which is so different from that of Europeans or their
language. How hard are the metaphors of the Bible for this reason!'

There is something in all these long apologies and strenuous desire for
secrecy about these Arabic studies that reminds one that the character
was a self-conscious introspective one, always striving for humility,
and dreading to be thought presumptuous. A simpler nature, if devoid of
craving for home sympathy, would never have mentioned the new study at
all; or if equally open-hearted, would have let the mention of it among
home friends take its chance, without troubling himself as to their
possible comments. Indeed, it is curious to observe how elaborate he
was at this period about all his concerns, meditating over the cause of
whatever affected him. It was a form of growth; and dropped off when the
time of action arrived, and his character had shaped itself. It must be
remembered, too, that his habit of pouring out all his reflections and
feelings to his sisters, and their preservation of his letters, have
left much more on record of these personal speculations than is common.

His father made a much simpler matter of the Arabic matter, in the
following characteristic letter:--


'Feniton Court: September 14, 1852,

'My dearest Coley,--So far from thinking you wrong in learning Arabic, I
feel sure that you are quite right. However, we shall keep your secret,
and not say anything about it. I am heartily glad that you should
acquire languages, modern as well as ancient. You know I have often
pressed the former on your and Jem's notice, from myself feeling my
deficiency and regret at it. I can well understand that Arabic, and I
should suppose Syriac also, must be of the greatest use towards a true
understanding of much of the Old Testament: a great deal of which is
doubtless not understood by those who understand only our translation,
or even the Septuagint, which I suspect to have many passages far from a
faithful vehicle of the meaning of the original. I was greatly delighted
with your theological letter, so to speak, as well as with the first,
and look to have some jolly conversations with you on such subjects.

'We have many more partridges than our neighbours, and Jem shoots
uncommonly well. Three double shots yesterday. I shoot worse than usual;
and cannot walk without much fatigue and frequent pain, so that I shall
not be able to work enough to get much sport. I got through the Mary
Church affair very well--that is, not making a fool of myself--and if
I did not do much good, I think I did no harm. The Bishop of Exeter
[Phillpotts] is mightily pleased, and wrote me a letter to that effect.
Of course I cannot tell you what I said, it would be too long, nor are
you likely to see it. It was fully inserted in "Woolmer," and from him
copied into the "Guardian."

'I live in hopes to see you well and hearty at Oxford on the 14th of
October, till when, adieu, God bless you.

'Your affectionate Father,

'J. PATTESON.'


The interview with the Bishop of Sydney never took place, for the
excellent Bishop Broughton arrived with health shattered by his
attendance on the sufferers from fever in the ship which brought him
from St. Thomas, and he did not long survive his landing.

The 'Mary Church affair' here referred to was the laying the
foundation-stone of the Church, built or restored, it is hard to say
which, on the lines of the former one, and preserving the old tower,
at St. Mary Church, near Torquay. Though the death of the Rev. Gr. M.
Coleridge had broken one tie with the place, it continued to be much
beloved by the Patteson family, and Sir John had taken so much share
in the church-building work as to be asked to be the layer of the
corner-stone. The speech he made at the ensuing luncheon excited much
attention and the sisters took care that their brother should not
miss reading it. The stay at Dresden was drawing to an end; and he was
preparing to return through Berlin, intending to go direct to Oxford and
reside there till the summer, when he meant to seek ordination and enter
on the Curacy at Alfington. He says to his sister Joanna:--

'It is a long time to pass without seeing you, but I hope, if it please
God that we all live on together, that it will be long before such
another interval occurs. I have not grown out of an occasional fit of
home sickness yet; and on these occasions Arthur and I talk incessantly
about domestic matters, and indulge our fancies in conjecturing what you
are all doing, and so forth. I followed Joan and Clara's trip, step
by step, from the Den at Teignmouth to St. Mary Church, Oddiscombe,
Rabbicombe, Anstey's Cave, Meadfoot, &c. How I remember every inch of
the dear old places! Better than the mud banks at Felixstowe, are they
not, Clara? I shall keep always the scrap from the "Guardian" with
Father's speech. I don't think I remember any speech on a similar
occasion so thoroughly good, and so likely to do good. Plain, sensible,
and manly, no question of words and unimportant differences of opinion;
no cant, high or low, just like himself. I pray I may have but a tenth
part of his honesty and freedom from prejudice and party spirit. It
may come, under God's blessing, if a man's mind is earnestly set on the
truth; but the danger is of setting up your own exclusive standard of
truth, moral and intellectual. Father certainly is more free from it
than any man we ever knew. He tells me in his letter that the Bishop
of Sydney is coming home to consult people in England about Synodical
Action, &c., and that he is going to meet him and explain to him certain
difficulties and mistakes into which he has fallen with regard to
administering the Oath of Abjuration and the like matters. How few
people, comparatively, know the influence Father exercises in this way
behind the scenes, as it were. His intimacy with so many of the Bishops,
too, makes his position really of very great importance. I don't want to
magnify, but the more I think of him, and know how very few men they are
that command such general respect, and bear such a character with all
men for uprightness and singleness of purpose, it is very difficult to
know how his place could be supplied when we throw his legal knowledge
over and above into the scale. I hope he will write: I am quite certain
that his opinion will exercise a great influence on very many people.
Such a speech as this at Mary Church embodies exactly the sense of
a considerable number of the most prudent and most able men of the
country, and his position and character give it extra weight, and that
would be so equally with his book as with his speech. How delightful it
will be to have him at Oxford. He means to come in time for dinner
on the 14th, and go away on the 16th; but if he likes it, he will, I
daresay, stop now and then on his way to town and back. Jem will not be
back in town when he goes up for the Judicial Committee work, so he will
be rather solitary there, won't he. I am not, however, sure about the
number of weeks Jem must reside to keep his term....'

The enjoyment of the last few days at Dresden 'was much marred by
a heavy cold, caught by going to see an admirable representation of
'Egmont,' the last of these theatrical treats so highly appreciated. The
journey to Berlin, before the cold was shaken off, resulted in an attack
of illness; and he was so heavy and uncomfortable as to be unable to
avail himself of his opportunities of interesting introductions.

He returned to his rooms at Merton direct from Germany. Like many men
who have come back to Oxford at a riper age than that of undergraduate
life, he now entered into the higher privileges and enjoyments of the
University, the studies, friendships, and influences, as early youth
sometimes fails to do. He was felt by his Oxford friends to have greatly
developed since his Balliol terms had been over and the Eton boy left
behind. Study was no longer a toil and conscientious effort. It
had become a prime pleasure; and men wondered to find the plodding,
accurate, but unenthusiastic student of three years back, a linguist and
philologist of no common power and attainment. Mr. Roundell says, 'He
had become quite another person. Self-cultivation had done much for him.
Literature and art had opened his mind and enlarged his interests and
sympathies. The moral and spiritual forces of the man were now vivified,
refined, and strengthened by the awakening of his intellectual and
esthetic nature.'

Ever reaching forward, however, he was on his guard against, as he said,
making the means the end. Languages were his pleasure, but a pleasure
held in check as only subservient to his preparation for the ministry.
He did not mean to use them to the acquirement of academical honour
nor promotion, nor did he even rest in the intellectual delight of
investigation; he intended them only as keys to the better appreciation
of the Scriptures and of the doctrines of the Church, unaware as yet
that the gift he was cultivating would be of inestimable value in far
distant regions.

In February, while Sir John Patteson was in London, his son James was
the cause of much alarm, owing to a mistake by which he swallowed an
embrocation containing a large amount of laudanum. Prompt measures,
however, prevented any ill effects; and all danger was over before the
letter was sent off which informed Coley of what had happened; but the
bare idea of the peril was a great shock to one of such warm affections,
and so deeply attached to his only brother. He wrote the two following
letters to his father and sisters on the first impulse on the receipt of
the intelligence:--


'Shrove Tuesday.

'My dearest Father,--I believe I speak truly when I say that I never in
my life felt so thoroughly thankful and grateful to God for His great
mercy as I did this morning, on reading of dear Jem's danger and safety.
He is less accustomed to talk about his feelings than I am, in which
I see his superiority, but partly because our tastes are in several
respects different, chiefly because of his exceeding amiability and
unselfishness. I am sure we love each other very dearly. Ever since
his illness at Geneva, I have from time to time contemplated the utter
blank, the real feeling of loss, which anything happening to him would
bring with it, and the having it brought home close to me in this way
quite upset me, as it well might. I pray God that no ill effects may
follow, and from what you say I apprehend none. I have often thought
that it is much better when two brothers propose to themselves different
objects in life, and pursue them with tastes dissimilar on unimportant
matters. They act better upon one another; just as I look to Jem, as I
have more than once told him, to give me a hint when he sees a want of
common sense in anything I take up, because I know I act a good deal
from impulse, and take an interest in many things which are perhaps not
worth the time I spend on them. It is a mercy that I hope I shall never
forget, never cease to be thankful for. Many and many a time, if it
please God, I shall look to him in difficulties, and remember how nearly
once he was lost to me. I can get away with the greatest ease for a few
days on Thursday if desirable, and perhaps old Jem will feel low after
this, when you have left him. I think this very likely, from what I know
of him, and if you think it too, without asking him if he would like it,
I will come up for some other reason. You will not go, I know, unless
he is perfectly well; but he might, and I think would, like to have some
one with him just at first. Let me know what you think.

'Good-bye, my dearest father.

'Ever your affectionate and dutiful son,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


'Merton, Shrove Tuesday.

'My dearest Joan and Fan,--How we must all have united this morning in
pouring out our thanks to God for His great mercy! You will not suspect
me of being wanting in love to you, if I say that the contemplation of
what might have happened presented such a scene of desolation, such a
void, that it would have required all the strength I possess to turn to
God in resignation and submission to His will. I have often, very often,
thought of that illness at Geneva, but this brought it home to me,
perhaps closer still; and I hope I shall never cease to be mindful of,
and thankful for, this special providence. Father seems pretty confident
that all mischief is prevented; and Jem wrote six hours after he took
the laudanum, and had then felt no drowsiness to speak of, and Dr.
Watson said there was no fear of anything happening after two hours had
elapsed.

'I should like to join with you in showing our gratitude by some deed
of charity, or whatever you think right. Something that without any show
might be a thank-offering to God for His signal act of mercy.

'Ever your loving Brother,

'J. C. PATTESON.

'5.30. I wrote this quite early this morning. I can hardly think
yet what it all means. Now, I feel only a sense of some very heavy
affliction removed. Poor dear Father, and all of us! what should we have
been without him!'


A letter to the brother himself was written under the same impulse,
even more tenderly affectionate, but so deep and intimate, that it would
almost be treason to give it to the world. The next letter was written
soon after the alarm had passed, but is undated:--

'My dear Fan,--Yesterday I was unluckily too seedy with headache to go
on the ice, and this morning I have been skating for half an hour, but
the ice is spoilt. Very jolly it is to be twisting and turning about
once more. I thought of writing to old Jem to come down for it, as
I should think the frost is not severe enough to freeze any but the
shallow water of the floods, but it was not good enough to reward him
for the trouble of coming so far.

'The constant sense of his preservation from that great danger really
prevents my feeling so acutely perhaps as I ought to do the distress of
others. I really think I ought to be less cheerful and happy than I feel
myself to be. I had a pleasant little talk with Dr. Pusey on Monday:
he was recommending me two or three books for Hebrew reading, but they
would be of no use to me yet; the language is difficult to advance far
into, and you know my shallow way of catching a thing at first rather
quickly perhaps, but only superficially. I find my interest increasing
greatly in philological studies. One language helps another very much;
and the beautiful way in which the words, ideas, and the whole structure
indeed, of language pervades whole families, and even the different
families, (e.g., the Indo-Germanic and Semitic races,) is not only
interesting, but very useful. I wish I had made myself a better Greek
and Latin scholar, but unfortunately I used to hate classics. What
desperate uphill work it was to read them, a regular exercise of
self-denial every morning! Now I like it beyond any study, except
Divinity proper, and I try to make up for lost time. There are admirable
books in my possession which facilitate the acquisition of critical
scholarship very much, and I work at these, principally applying it to
New Test. Greek, LXX, &c. But my real education began, I think, with my
first foreign trip. It seems as if there was not time for all this,
for I have Hebrew, Arabic, &c., to go on with (though this is a slow
process), Pearson, Hooker, Blunt on the Reformation (a mere sketch which
I read in a day or two at odd times), Commentaries, Trench's Books on
Parables and Miracles, which are in my room at home, and would in parts
interest you; he is a writer of good common sense, and a well-read man.
But I of course want to be reading history as well, and that involves
a good deal; physical geography, geology, &c., yet one things helps
another very much. I don't work quite as methodically as I ought; and
I much want some one to discuss matters with relating to what I read. I
don't say all this, I am sure you know, as if I wanted to make out that
I am working at grand subjects. I know exceeding little of any one
of them, so little history, e.g., that a school girl could expose
my ignorance directly, but I like to know what we are doing among
ourselves, and we all get to know each other better thereby. I felt
so much of late with regard to Jem, that a natural reserve prevents so
often members even of the same family from communicating freely to each
other their opinions, business, habits of life, experiences of sympathy,
approval, disapproval, and the like; and when one member is gone, then
it is felt how much more closely such a habit of dealing with each other
would have taught us to know him.... Nothing tests one's knowledge
so well as questions and answers upon what we have read, stating
difficulties, arguments which we can't understand, &c., to each other.
Ladies who have no profession to prepare for, in spite of a very large
correspondence and numerous household duties, may (in addition to their
parochial work as curates!) take up a real course of reading and go into
it thoroughly; and this gives girls not only employment for the time,
but gives the mind power to seize every other subject presented to it.
If you are quite alone, your reading is apt to become desultory. I find
it useful to take once or twice a week a walk with Riddell of Balliol,
and go through a certain period of Old Testament history; it makes me
get it up, and then between us we hammer out so many more explanations
of difficult passages than, at all events, I should do by myself. He is,
moreover, about the best Greek scholar here, which is a great help to
me. You have no idea of the light that such accurate scholarship as
his throws upon many disputed passages in the Bible, e.g., "Wisdom is
justified of her children," where the Greek preposition probably gives
the key to the whole meaning, and many such. So you see, dear old Fan,
that the want of some one to pour out this to, for it sounds fearfully
pedantic, I confess, has drawn upon you this grievous infliction.

'My kindest love to Father and dear Joan,

'Ever your loving

'J. C. P.'


Fanny Patteson answered with arguments on the other duties which
hindered her from entering on the course of deep study which he had been
recommending. He replies:--


'Feb. 25, 1853.

'My dearest Fan,--I must answer your very sensible well-written letter
at once, because on our system of mutual explanation, there are two or
three things I wish to notice in it. First, I never meant that anything
should supersede duties which I am well aware you practise with real use
to yourself and those about you, e.g., the kindness and sympathy shown
to friends, and generally due observance of all social relations.
Second, I quite believe that the practical application of what is
already known, teaching, going about among the poor, is of far more
consequence than the acquisition of knowledge, which, of course, for its
own sake is worth nothing. Third, I think you perfectly right in keeping
up music, singing, all the common amusements of a country life; of
course I do, for indeed what I said did not apply to Joan or you, except
so far as this, that we all know probably a great deal of which each
one is separately ignorant, and the free communication of this to one
another is desirable, I think.

'My own temptation consists perhaps chiefly in the love of reading for
its own sake. I do honestly think that for a considerable time past I
have read, I believe, nothing which I do not expect to be of real
use, for I have no taste naturally for novels, &c. (without, however,
wishing to deny that there may be novels which teach a real insight into
character). Barring "I Promessi Sposi" which I take up very seldom when
tired, I have not read one for ages: I must except "Old Mortality,"
read last Vacation at Feniton; but I can't deny that I like the study
of languages for its own sake, though I apply my little experience in
it wholly to the interpretation of the Bible. I like improving my
scholarship, it is true, but I can say honestly that it is used to read
the Greek Testament with greater accuracy: so of the Hebrew, Syriac,
Arabic. I feel, I confess, sometimes that it is nice, &c., to know
several languages, but I try to drive away any such thoughts, and it is
quite astonishing how, after a few weeks, a study which would suggest
ideas of an unusual course of reading becomes so familiar that I never
think of myself when pursuing it, e.g., I don't think that after
two hours' grind at Arabic the stupid wrong feeling of its being an
out-of-the-way study comes upon me now, it is getting quite natural. It
comes out though when I talk or write perhaps with another, but I must
try and get over it.

'I believe it to be a good thing to break off any work once or twice a
day in the middle of any reading, for meditating a little while and for
prayer. This is more easily done at College than elsewhere; and is, I
hope, a preventive against such thoughts. Then, as I jog on I see how
very little I know, what an immense deal I have to learn to become
ordinarily well acquainted with these things. I am in that state of
mind, perhaps, when Ecclesiastes (which I am now reading) puts my own
case exactly before me. I think, What's the good of it all? And the
answer comes, it may be very good properly used, or very mischievous
if abused. I do indeed look forward to active parochial work: I think I
shall be very happy so employed, and I often try to anticipate the time
in thought, and feel with perfect sincerity that nothing is so useful
or so full of comfort as the consciousness of trying to fulfil the daily
duties of my situation. Here of course I need do nothing; I mean there
is nothing to prevent my sitting all day in an arm-chair and reading
"Pickwick.".... One word about the way languages help me, that you may
not think what I am doing harder than it really is. These three bear the
same kind of relation to each other (or rather say these five, Arabic,
Syriac, Hebrew, Chaldee, Ethiopia; but of the last I know nothing
whatever, and of Chaldee only so much as that it is a dialect of Hebrew
in the same character, and consequently anyone who knows Hebrew knows
something about it), as German to English, e.g., Bahlom (Arab.), Beel
(Syr.), Baal (Heb.), are the same word, as you can see, only written
in different characters, and all mean "a lord," so Baal, Beelzebub, or
Baalzebeb. Baal Peor, which means, literally, "the Lord of the ravine,"
viz., the idol worshipped at the Pass in the wilderness. Consequently,
in reading any one of these languages, the same word keeps on occurring
in all; and the chief use is of course that often a word which occurs
only once or twice in Hebrew perhaps is in common use in the others, and
so its meaning is fixed. Add to all this, that the Syriac version of the
New Testament was made (as all agree) early in the second century, if
not at the end of the first, and thus is the very best exponent of the
New Testament where the Greek is doubtful; and the additional fact, that
though a mixture of Chaldee and Syriac was the language of Palestine in
our Lord's time, yet He certainly sometimes spoke what is now our Syriac
(e.g., Talitha cumi, &c.), and the importance of it is apparent. Surely
to read the language that our Blessed Lord himself used is no small
profit as well as delight.

'So I think we may each go on in our several pursuits, each helping
each, and each trying to do so without a foolish affectation of
learning.

'My best love to dear Father and Joan,

'Ever your affectionate Brother,

'J. C. P.'


Fenelon has said that in a certain stage of piety there is much of self,
and Coley was evidently in that stage. His own figure was the primary
object before his eyes, neither indulged, nor admired, but criticised,
repressed, and by his very best efforts thrust aside, whenever he was
conscious that his self-contemplation was self-complacency. Still it
was in his nature to behold it, and discuss it, and thus to conquer
and outgrow the study in time, while leaving many observations upon
self-culture and self-training, that will no doubt become deeply valued
as the result of the practical experience of one who so truly mastered
that obtrusive self.

Patteson was one of the most decided workers for the admission of
improvements and reduction of abuses within his own college, with
which each Oxford foundation was endeavouring to forestall compulsory
reformation by a University Commission. Mr. Roundell says:--

'His early years as Fellow of Merton coincided with the period of active
reform at Oxford which followed upon the Report of the Commission in
1852. What part did the future Missionary Bishop take in that great
movement? One who worked with him at that time--a time when University
reform was as unfashionable as it is now fashionable--well remembers. He
threw himself into the work with hearty zeal; he supported every liberal
proposal. To his loyal fidelity and solid common sense is largely due
the success with which the reform of Merton was carried out. And yet in
those first days of college reform the only sure and constant nucleus
of the floating-Liberal majority consisted of Patteson and one other.
Whatever others did, those two were always on the same side. And so,
somehow, owing no doubt to the general enlightenment which distinguished
the senior Fellows of Merton under the old regime--an enlightenment
unquestionably due to the predominance in that College of the lay
non-resident element--the new reforming spirit found itself in the
ascendency. It is to the honour of Patteson, and equally to the honour
of the older Fellows of the College at that time, that so great an
inroad upon old traditions should have been made with such an entire
absence of provocation on the one side, or of irritation on the
other. But Patteson, with all his reforming zeal, was also a high-bred
gentleman. He remembered what was due to others as well as to himself.
His bearing was one of respect for authority, of deference towards those
who were his superiors in age. He knew how to differ. He showed towards
others the considerate courtesy which others in return so abundantly
showed towards him. And this generous forbearance of the seniors had its
reward. It entailed upon the juniors a reciprocity of respect. It was
felt by them at the time to be an additional incentive to moderation, to
sobriety, to desistance from extreme views. The result was that the work
got done, and what was done left no heartburnings behind.

'Yet it would be delusive to pretend to claim Bishop Patteson as a
Liberal in the political sense of the word. He was no such thing. If
anything, his instincts, especially in Church matters, drew him the
other way. But those who knew the man, like those who have seen the
Ammergau Play, would as soon think of fastening upon that a sectarian
character, as of fixing him with party names. His was a catholic mind.
What distinguished him was his open-mindedness, his essential goodness,
his singleness and simplicity of aim. He was a just man, and singularly
free from perturbations of self, of temper, or of nerves. You did not
care to ask what he would call himself. You felt what he was, that
you were in the presence of a man too pure for party, of one in whose
presence ordinary party distinctions almost ceased to have a meaning.
Such a man could scarcely be on the wrong side. Both the purity of his
nature and the rectitude of his judgment would have kept him straight.'

Coley remained at Merton until the Long Vacation of 1853; when his
Oxford life terminated, though not his connection with the University,
for he retained his Fellowship until his death, and the friendships he
had formed both at Balliol and Merton remained unbroken.




CHAPTER V. THE CURACY AT ALFINGTON. 1853-1855.



Preparation for ordination had become Patteson's immediate object. As
has been already said, his work was marked out. There was a hamlet
of the parish of Ottery St. Mary, at a considerable distance from the
church and town, and named Alfington.

Some time previously, the family of Sir John Kennaway had provided
the place with a school, which afterwards passed into the hands of Mr.
Justice Coleridge, who, in 1849, there built the small church of St.
James, with parsonage, school, and house, on a rising ground overlooking
the valley of Honiton, almost immediately opposite to Feniton; and, at
the same time, took on himself the expenses of the curacy and school,
for the vicar of the parish, the Rev. Dr. Cornish, formerly master of
Ottery School.

The first curate of Alfington was Judge Coleridge's son Henry, the
well-known author of the beautiful Life of St. Francis Xavier. On his
leaving our communion, it was his father's wish that Coleridge Patteson
should take the cure; and, until his ordination, it was committed
temporarily to other hands, in especial to the Rev. Henry Gardiner,
who was much beloved there. In the spring of 1853, he had a long and
dangerous illness, when Coley came to nurse him, and became so much
attached to him, that his influence and unconscious training became
of great importance. The church was served by such clerical friends as
could give their assistance on Sunday, and the pastoral care, attention
to the school, cottage visiting, &c., became the employment of the
candidate for Holy Orders, who thus began his work under the direction
of his disabled friend.

A letter to his sister shows how he plunged into the drudgery of the
parish, doing that which always cost him most, namely, administering
rebukes; so that it was no wonder that he wrote with a sort of elation
at having lashed himself up to the point of giving a thorough warning:--


'Feniton: July 19, 1853.

'My dearest Fan,--I am going to Thorverton to-day to stay till Thursday.
Gardiner came downstairs on Sunday, and again yesterday, and is making
very rapid strides towards perfect recovery. He even went out yesterday
for a few minutes. So I don't mind leaving him in the least; and indeed
he is going to Sidmouth himself, probably at the end of the week. I have
seen him every day without one exception, and have learnt a very great
deal from him. He has studied very closely school work, condition of the
labourer, boys' homes, best method of dispensing charity, &c., and on
all these points his advice has been really invaluable. I feel now that
I am quite to all intents working the district. People ask me about
their children coming to school. I know almost all the people in the
village, and a good many out of it, and begin to understand, in a very
small way, what a clergyman's life is. A mixture of sorrow and pleasure
indeed! There are many very sad cases of hypocrisy, filthiness, and
wickedness (as I suppose there are in every district); and yesterday I
had a very hard-working and in one case most painful day.

'Some people had asked me to take their boy, three years and a half old,
to school--a wretched pair, with a little savage for a son. I said I
would speak to Miss Wilkins, and put plainly before her the character of
parents and child. However, she wished to have him, and I knew it was so
far well to get the boy away from home. But such a scene ensued! The
boy was really like a little savage; kicked, dashed his head against the
wall, and at length, with his nose bleeding violently, exhausted with
his violence, fell asleep. Next day, he is so bad, he is sent home; when
the mother drives him back to school, cursing and swearing, telling Miss
Wilkins she may kill him if she pleases! Unluckily, I was not in school.

'Yesterday he was in school and more quiet, but did not kneel down at
prayers, and seemed like a little beast beginning to be tamed. So, after
school, I called him to me, and putting him before my knees asked him
some questions very kindly: "Did he know who God was? Had he never been
taught to kneel down and say his prayers? Of course he had not, but it
gave me the proper opportunity of speaking to his parents. So having
now considered the matter for two or three days previously, having
ascertained all the facts about the people, after an hour among some
others in the village, I went right into their cottage, and luckily
found father and mother and grandmother at home, besides one or two more
(who are lodgers) in a room adjoining, with the door open. 'I am come
to talk to you about William,' I began, whereupon I saw the woman
turn quite red. However, I spoke for about ten minutes slowly and very
quietly, without any appearance (as I believe) of anger or passion at
all, but yet speaking my mind quite plainly. "I had no idea any child
could be so neglected. Did they suppose the school was a place where
any parent might send a child merely to get it out of the way (of course
they do, you know, most of them)? Was it possible that a child could be
made good as if by magic there, when it learns nothing but wicked words
at home? Do you think you can or ought to get rid of the duties you owe
your child? Do you suppose that God will not require from you an account
of the way you have behaved towards him, you who have never taught him
to know who God is, what God is, what is prayer, what is the church,
who have taught that little mouth, which God created for praise and
blessings, to curse and blaspheme? I know that many children do and say
wicked things, but it is in most cases owing to the neglect of their
parents, who do not speak kindly to their children, and do what they can
to keep them out of temptation, but this is a different case. Your boy
is not fit to come into the company of little Christians! Awful as it
is to think of, he is already, at his early age, the very dread of the
parents who live near you."

'They had not a word to say, not a syllable beyond the objection which I
had already met, that other children were bad too. I did not say what I
might have said with truth, because it is only from Gardiner's report,
not from my own knowledge--viz., that neither father nor mother ever
come to church, and that their house is the centre of evil to the young
people of the village.

'"Now," I said, in conclusion, "I fully meant to send back your boy, and
tell you I would examine him six months hence, to see if he was fit to
be brought into the school, but as I do trust he may behave better,
and that this may be the means of recovering him from this sad state, I
shall take him still, unless he behaves again very badly. But remember
this--this is the turning point in the boy's life, and all, humanly
speaking, depends on the example you set him. What an awful thing it
would be, if it pleased God to take him away from you now, and a fit of
measles, scarlatina, or any such illness, may do it any day! Remember
that you are responsible to a very great extent for your child; that
unless it sees you watchful over your thoughts, words, and actions;
unless it sees you regular and devout in prayer at home (I don't believe
they ever think of such a thing--God forgive me, if I am wrong); unless
it sees you habitually in your place in God's house, you are not doing
your duty to yourselves or your child, you are not laying up any hope or
comfort whatever for the day of your sickness and death. Now I hope you
clearly understand me. I have spoken plainly--exactly what I think, and
what I mean to act upon. You know now the sort of person you have to
deal with. Good morning,"--and thereupon I marched out, amazed at my own
pluck, and heartily glad that I had said what I wished, and felt I ought
to say.

'But I need hardly tell you that this left me in a state of no slight
excitement, and that I should be much comforted by hearing what you and
Father and Joan think of my behaviour.

'Meanwhile, there are some very nice people; I dearly love some of the
boys and girls; and I do pray that this plan of a boys' home may save
some from contamination. I, seated with Sanders last night, found him
and his wife very hearty about it. I have only mentioned it to three
people, but I rather wish it to be talked about a little now, that
they may be curious, &c., to know exactly what I mean to do. The two
cottages, with plenty of room for the Fley's family and eight boys, with
half an acre of garden at £11. 5s. the year. I shall of course begin
with only one or two boys--the thing may not answer at all; but
everyone, Gardiner, several farmers, and two or three others, quite
poor, in different places, all say it must work well, with God's
blessing. I do not really wish to be scheming away, working a favourite
hobby, &c., but I do believe this to be absolutely essential. The
profligacy and impurity of the poor is beyond all belief. Every mother
of a family answers (I mean every honest respectable mother of a
family): "Oh sir, God will bless such a work, and it is for want of this
that so much misery and wretchedness abound." I believe that for a year
or so it will exhaust most of my money, but then it is one of the best
uses to which I can apply it; for my theory is, that help and assistance
is wanted in this way, and I would wish to make most of these things
self-supporting. Half an acre more of garden, thoroughly well worked,
will yield an astonishing return, and I look to Mary as a person of
really economical habits. It is a great relief to have poured all this
out. It is no easy task that I am preparing for myself. I know that I
fully expect to be very much disappointed, but I am determined to try
it. I am determined to try and make the people see that I am not going
to give way to everybody that asks; but that I am going to set on foot
and help on all useful industrial schemes of every kind, for people
of every age. I am hard at work, studying spade husbandry, inspectors'
reports of industrial schools, &c. I am glad you are all so happy. I am
so busy. Best love to all.

'Your loving

'J. C. P.'


Coley was thus already serving a vigorous apprenticeship in pastoral
work, while preparing himself for receiving deacon's orders. It was a
trying time both to his family and himself, for, as before said, his
standard was very high, and his own strong habit of self-contemplation
made his dissatisfaction with himself manifest in his manner to those
nearest to him. He was always gentle and unselfish; not showing temper,
but unhappiness.

Here are letters showing a good deal of his state of mind: the first
only dated 'Saturday evening,' but evidently written about this time,
in reply to the cautions with which his sister had replied to the above
letter of eager plans of improvement.


'My dearest Fan,--Your letter has just reached me from Honiton, and I
have read it with very great interest. I liked it better on a second
perusal of it, which showed in itself that I wanted it, for it is quite
true that I require to be reminded of the only true principle upon which
one ought to work; and I allow quite willingly that I trace interested
motives--e.g., love of self-approval or applause in actions where such
feelings ought least of all to enter. I certainly did feel pleased with
myself for speaking plainly to those people, and I often find myself
indulging the notion that I am going to be a very hard-working
clergyman, with a remedy for all the evils of the age, &c. If I was to
hunt about for an excuse, I might perhaps find one, by saying that I am
in that state of mind which attends always, I suppose, the anticipation
of any great crisis in a person's life; sometimes hard work and hard
thought, sometimes (though alas! very seldom) a real sense of the very
awful responsibility of ministering in the Church, sometimes a
less natural urging of the mind to contemplate and realise this
responsibility. I was for some time reading Wilberforce's new book,
and this involved an examination of the question in other writers; but
lately I have laid all controversial works aside almost entirely, and
have been reading Pearson, Bull, and the Apostolical Fathers, Clement
and Ignatius. I shall probably read Justin Martyr's Apologies, and some
treatises of Tertullian before next month is over. I have read some part
already. There is such a very strong practical element in these very
early writings that they ought to soothe and calm the mind; but I cannot
honestly conceal the fact that the theological interest for the most
part outweighs the practical teaching.

'My light reading is of a new and very amusing and interesting
character--viz., books on school economy, management of school farms,
allotments, the modern dairy, spade husbandry, agricultural chemistry.
K, W, F, C, and G, and I have great talks; and as they all agree with
me, I think them capital judges.

'I don't think at all that my present state of mind is quite natural.
You quite repeat my own words when you say it is transitory. A calm
undisturbed spirit of prayer and peace and contentment is a great gift
of God, and to be waited for with patience. The motto of "The Christian
Year" is very beautiful. I sent the roses on Tuesday. My best love to
dear Father and Joan.

'Ever your loving Brother,

'J. C. P.'


These words 'love of self-approval' perfectly analysed that snare
of Coley's early life, against which he so endeavoured to guard--not
self-conceit, but love of self-approval.

So the Easter week drew on, and during it he writes to his cousin:--


'Friday, Wallis Lodgings, Exeter: September, 1853.

'My dear Sophy,--We have had a good examination, I think; perhaps rather
harder than I expected. Woolecombe and Chancellor Harrington spoke to
me this morning, thanking me for my papers, and telling me to read the
Gospel at the Ordination.

'I did feel very nervous last Sunday and Monday, and the Ember Prayer
in the morning (when I was at Ottery) fairly upset me, but I don't think
anybody saw it; now, I am thankful to say, I am very well, and
feel thoroughly happy. I shall be nervous, no doubt, on Sunday, and
especially at reading the Gospel, but not I think so nervous as to break
down or do anything foolish; so when you know I am reading--for you
won't hear me, if you are in the stalls, don't distress yourself about
me.

'I can't tell what it was that upset me so on Sunday and
Monday--thinking of dear Mamma and how she had wished for this, the
overwhelming kindness of everybody about me, dear Father's simple words
of very affectionate comfort and advice.

'But I walked into Exeter, and on the way got quite calm, and so I have
been ever since. It is not strange that the realising the near approach
of what I have for years wished for, and looked forward to, should
at times come upon me with such force that I seem scarcely master of
myself; but it is only excitement of feeling, and ought, I know, to
be repressed, not for a moment to be entertained as a test of one's
religious state, being by no means a desirable thing. I am very glad the
examination is over. I did not worry myself about it, but it was rather
hard work, and now I have my time to myself for quiet thought and
meditation.

'Ever, dear Sophy, your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The next evening he writes:--


'Saturday, 5.45 P.M.

'My dearest Father,--I must write my last letter as a layman to you. I
can't tell you the hundredth part of the thoughts that have been passing
through my mind this week. There has been no return of the excitement
that I experienced last Sunday and Monday, and I have been very happy
and well.

'To-day my eyes are not comfortable, from I know not what cause, but as
all the work for them is over, it does not matter so much. I am glad to
have had a quiet time for reflection. Indeed, I do not enough realise my
great unworthiness and sinfulness, and the awful nature of the work I am
undertaking. I pray God very earnestly for the great grace of humility,
which I so sadly need: and for a spirit of earnest prayer, that I may be
preserved from putting trust in myself, and may know and forget myself
in my office and work. I never could be fit for such work, I know that,
and yet I am very thankful that the time for it has come. I do not feel
excited, yet I am somewhat nervous because it requires an effort to
meditate steadily. I have thought so much of my early life, of dearest
Mamma. What a snare it seems, so full of transitory earthly plans and
pursuits; such a want of earnestness of purpose and steady performance
of duty! God grant my life as a clergyman may be more innocent to
myself, and more useful to others! Tell dear Joan the gown came this
morning. My kind love to her, Fan, and Jem.

'Ever, my dearest Father,

'Your affectionate and dutiful Son,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


On the ensuing day, Sunday, September 14, 1853, John Coleridge Patteson
received the Diaconate at the hands of the venerable Bishop Phillpotts,
in Exeter Cathedral. His being selected to read the Gospel was the proof
of his superiority in the examination--no wonder, considering the two
additional years that he had spent in preparation, and the deep study
and searchings of heart of the last few months.

He was established in a small house at Alfington--the usual habitation
of the Curate. And of his first sermon there, his uncle, Sir John
Coleridge, gives the following touching description from his diary:--

'October 23, 1853.--Yesterday morning Arthur and I went to Alfington
Church, to be present at Coley's first sermon. I don't know when I have
been so much delighted and affected. His manner of saying the prayers
was exceedingly good: his voice very sweet and musical; without seeming
loud, it was fully audible, and gave assurance of more power if needed:
his manner quite unaffected, but sweet and devout. His sermon was a very
sound and good one, beautifully delivered; perhaps in the early parts,
from the very sweetness of his voice, and the very rapid delivery of
his words, a little more variety of intonation would have helped in
conveying his meaning more distinctly to those who formed the bulk
of his congregation. But when he came to personal parts this was not
needed. He made a kind allusion to me, very affecting to me; and when
I was in this mood, and he came to the personal parts, touching himself
and his new congregation, what he knew he ought to be to them and to
do for them, what they should do for themselves, and earnestly besought
their prayers, I was completely overcome, and weeping profusely.

Fanny Patteson and Arthur Coleridge were sitting with the Judge, and
were equally overcome. When the service was over, and the congregation
dispersed, Coley joined these three in the porch, holding out his hands,
taking theirs and shedding tears, and they with him--tears of warm
emotion too deep for words. He was evidently surprised at the effect
produced. In fact, on looking at the sermon, it does not seem to have
been in itself remarkable, but as his cousin Arthur says: 'I suppose
the deep spirituality of the man, and the love we bore him for years,
touched the emotional part of us.' The text was significant: 'We preach
not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord; and ourselves your servants
for Jesus' sake' (2 Cor. iv. 5).

The services that the newly-ordained Deacon undertook were the ordinary
Sunday ones, and Wednesday and Friday Matins and Litany, Saints'-day
prayers and lecture, and an Advent and Lent Evensong and lecture on
Wednesdays and Fridays. These last had that great popularity which
attends late services. Dr. Cornish used to come on one Sunday in the
month to celebrate the Holy Communion (which is given weekly in the
mother Church); and when Mr. Grardiner was able to be at Sidmouth,
recovering from his illness, he used to come over on the second Sunday
in the month for the same purpose; and the next Lent, the Matins were
daily, and followed by a lecture.

At this time Patteson's constitutional shrinking from general society
was in full force, and he also had that dislike to 'speaking to' people
in the way of censure, which so often goes with tender and refined
natures, however strong; so that if his housekeeper needed a reproof, he
would make his sister administer it, and creep out of reach himself; but
this was one of the deficiencies with which he was struggling all his
life, and fortunately it is a fact that the most effective lectures
usually come from those to whom they cost the most.

This was the hardest part of his ministry. Where kindness and attention
were needed, nothing could be more spontaneous, sweet, or winning than
his ways. One of his parishioners, a farmer's daughter, writes:--

'Our personal knowledge of him began some months before his Ordination,
owing, I suppose, to Mr. Gardiner's severe illness; and as he was
very much respected, Mr. Patteson's attentions won from the first our
admiration and gratitude, which went on and on until it deepened
into that love which I do not think could have been surpassed by the
Galatians for their beloved St. Paul, which he records in his Epistle to
them (chap. iv. 15). All were waiting for him at his Ordination, and a
happy delusion seemed to have come over the minds of most, if not all,
that he was as completely ours as if he had been ordained expressly for
us.'

It was not his own feeling, for he knew that when his apprenticeship
should be past, the place was too small, and the work too easy, for a
man in full force and vigour, though for the sake of his father he was
glad to accept it for the present, to train himself in the work, and
to have full time for study; but he at that time looked to remaining in
England during his father's lifetime, and perhaps transferring himself
to Manchester, Liverpool, London, or some large city, where there was
need of mission work among the neglected.

His father was on the City of London Charter Commission, and was in
London from November to February, the daughters joining him there, but
there was no lack of friends around Alfington. Indeed it was in the
midst of an absolute clan of Coleridges, and in Buckerell parish, at
Deerpark, that great old soldier, Lord Seaton, was spending the few
years that passed between his Commissioner-ship in the Ionian Isles and
his Commandership in Ireland.

He was connected with the Coleridges through the Yonge family, and the
young people were all on familiar cousinly terms. Coley was much liked
by him; and often joined in the rides through the lanes and to the hills
with him and his daughters, when there were many conversations of much
interest, as there could not fail to be with a man who had never held a
government without doing his utmost to promote God's work in the Church
and for education; who had, moreover, strong opinions derived from
experience of the Red Indians in Upper Canada--namely, that to reclaim
the young, and educate them was the only hope of making Christianity
take root in any fresh nation.

It was at Deerpark, at a dinner in the late autumn of this year 1853,
that I saw Coley Patteson for the second and last time. I had seen him
before in a visit of three days that I made at Feniton with my parents
in the September of 1844, when he was an Eton boy, full of high spirits
and merriment. I remember then, on the Sunday, that he and I accompanied
our two fathers on a walk to the afternoon service at Ottery, and that
on the way he began to show something of his inner self, and talked
of his mother and her pleasure in Feniton; but it began to rain, and I
stayed for the night at Heaths Court, so that our acquaintance ceased
for that time. It was not a formal party at Deerpark, and the evening
was chiefly spent in playing at games, thread paper verses and the like,
in which Coley took his part with spirit. If I had guessed what he was
to be, I should have observed him more; but though, in after years, our
intercourse in letters makes us feel intimate with one another, these
two brief meetings comprise the whole of my personal acquaintance with
one in whom I then only saw a young clergyman with his heart in his
work.

Perhaps this is the best place to mention his personal appearance, as
the portrait at the beginning of this volume was taken not more than a
year later.

He was tall and of a large powerful frame, broad in the chest and
shoulders, and with small neat hands and feet, with more of sheer
muscular strength and power of endurance than of healthiness, so that
though seldom breaking down and capable of undergoing a great deal
of fatigue and exertion, he was often slightly ailing, and was very
sensitive to cold. His complexion was very dark, and there was a
strongly marked line between the cheeks and mouth, the corners of which
drooped when at rest, so that it was a countenance peculiarly difficult
to photograph successfully. The most striking feature was his eyes,
which were of a very dark clear blue, full of an unusually deep
earnest, and so to speak, inward, yet far away expression. His smile was
remarkably bright, sweet and affectionate, like a gleam of sunshine, and
was one element of his great attractiveness. So was his voice, which had
the rich full sweetness inherited from his mother's family, and which
always excited a winning influence over the hearers. Thus, though not a
handsome man, he was more than commonly engaging, exciting the warmest
affection in all who were concerned with him, and giving in return an
immense amount of interest and sympathy, which only became intensified
to old friends while it expanded towards new ones. Here is a letter to
his father, undated, but written not long after his settling down at
Alfington. After expressing his regret that his voice had been inaudible
to his sister Joanna at a Friday evening service, he proceeds:--


'I did not speak very loud, because I don't think I could do so and
at the same time keep my mind at work and thoughts collected. Anything
which is so unnatural and unusual as to make me conscious of myself in a
peculiar manner would prevent, I fear, my getting on with my oration at
all.

'I am glad you think I could not have acted otherwise with E---. I
quite expect ere long to find something going on which may call for
my interference, and I specially guarded myself on this point. It is
distinctly understood that I shall speak to him quite plainly whenever
and wherever I think it necessary to do so. I do not suppose it very
likely that he can go on long without my being forced to take some step;
but I really feel so very unequal to expressing a decided opinion upon
the great question of Bible readers, that I am certainly glad I have not
taken up a hostile position hastily. As a matter of fact, he reads
in very few cottages in my district; tracts he distributes almost
everywhere.

'Now I see of course the distinction between a man making it his
business to read the Bible and neighbours dropping in occasionally
to read a chapter to one who is unable to read, but where you are
distinctly told that the wish is most decidedly to support the
clergyman, and answers not unsatisfactory are given upon main points,
what difference remains between the two cases I have put that can
furnish matter for fair argument, with a man from education, &c.,
disposed to take a different view of the whole question? Add to this,
that I cannot appeal to the universal practice of the clergy. "Why,"
might it be said, "do you, as a clergyman find a difficulty where Mr.
H. finds none? You are, after all, acting on your own private opinion,
though you lay claim to authority for it." I cannot successfully appeal
to the distinctive teaching of our Church, clear and manifest as it is,
for the very words I think conclusive contain no such evidence for him,
and so on ad infinitum. Besides, to speak quite what I feel at present,
though only so perhaps because my view is necessarily unformed, the
natural order of things in such a district as this seems to be: gain
the affections of the people by gentleness and showing real interest
in their welfare, spiritual and temporal; show them in the Bible such
teaching as the Church considers necessary (but not as yet upon the
authority of the Church, or at least not so expressed to them); lead
them gradually to the acknowledgment of such truths as these: that
Christ did found a society called the Church, and appoint to certain
persons whom he sent the Ministry of reconciliation; that if we have no
guide but mere opinion, there will be thousands of conflicting opinions
in the world even among good men, whereas Truth can be but one, and that
practically this is found to be so; that it is no argument to say, that
the Spirit so operated as to enlighten the reason of each individual to
this extent, viz., that it may compose a Creed for him or herself; that
the Spirit acts now in the ordinary, though not less real and heavenly
manner; and that the infinite divisions among sectaries proves the fact
to be as I state it.

'Thus I imagine the want of that external and visible Church will be
felt as necessary to fix the Creeds pasa katadike.

'But to reverse this process, to cram positive teaching down their
throats upon the authority of the Church before they know what the
Church is, or feel the need of any power outside (so to speak) their
own minds to guide them, does seem to me in a place like this (humanly
speaking) suicidal. I cannot, of course, tell how much preparatory
teaching they have received, but I must judge from what I see and hear,
and deal accordingly in each cottage. Some few there are to whom I can
speak, as to Church people in the real sense of the word, but these are
as two or three in a hundred.

'One line to say whether you think me right or wrong, would be a great
comfort to me. I feel no tendency to latitudinarianism, but only to see
much good in systems unrecognised by your very highflyers. I believe
that the Church teaching is represented in an unfavourable, often
offensive, light to many of our poor, because they hear words and see
things which find no response in their hearts; because they are told,
ordered almost, to believe things the propriety of believing which they
do not recognise; because the existence of wants is implied when they
have never been felt, and a system for supplying them introduced which
finds no room in the understanding or affections of the patient.

'But you know, dear Father, what I mean, without more dusky attempts at
explaining myself.

'Do not many High Churchmen want a little more "experimental religion"
in Bishop Jebb's sense of the terms: not a religion of the feelings, but
a religion brought home to the heart, and truly felt so as to prohibit
any systematic criticism of the feelings?

'I am late this week with my sermons, I have not begun either of them,
and may have one to-morrow evening if my voice will do its part. I write
very long washy concerns, and find it difficult to do otherwise, for
it is a good pull upon me week after week, and latterly I have not been
able to read very much. I shall look out two or three that I think fair
specimens, and ask you by-and-by to run your eye over them, that you may
point out the defects.

'My ignorance of the Bible astonishes me, though not so much as it ought
to do. I purpose, D.V., to commence a thorough study of the original
texts. I must try to become something of a scholar, at all events, to
make any progress in the work. I sometimes hope that, in spite of my
many backslidings and broken resolutions, some move is taking place
within, where most it is wanted; but I live here so quietly, that I have
little (comparatively) food for some special faults. Good-bye, my dear
Father,

'Your affectionate and dutiful Son,

'J. C. P.'


'Some move taking place within!' It is impossible not to pause
and observe how as Confirmation and Communion had almost palpably
strengthened the boy's struggles with his inherent faults, so the grace
conferred with the Deacon's orders is now felt to be lifting him higher,
and enabling him to see further than he has yet seen.

Sermons were, however, never Patteson's forte. Though his pen flowed so
freely in letters, and he could pour out his heart extemporaneously
with great depth, fervour and simplicity, his sermons were laboured and
metaphysical, as if he had taken too much pains with them as it were,
and he could not speak to the abstract, as he could to the individual,
or when he saw the effect of his words. It was perhaps owing to the
defective system which threw two sermons a week upon a young deacon at
a time when his mind was working through such an experimental course of
study and thought. Yet his people, who had learnt to believe in little
but preaching, would not have come to prayers alone; and the extemporary
addresses, in which he would probably have been much more successful,
would have seemed to him at his age and at that period--twenty years
back--too presumptuous to be attempted, at any rate till he had better
learnt his ground. How his system would have succeeded, we cannot tell.
The nature of the peasantry of the county he had to deal with is, to
be quick-witted, argumentative, and ready of retort; open to religious
impressions, but with much of self-opinion and conceit, and not much
reverence, and often less conscientious in matters of honesty and
morality than denser rustics of less apparent piety. The Church had for
a long-period been at a peculiarly low ebb in the county, and there is
not a neighbourhood which has not traditions of incredibly ignorant,
careless and underbred--if not dissipated--clergy; and though there were
grand exceptions, they were only respected as men; faith in the whole
system, as a system, was destroyed. Bishop Phillpotts, coming down on
such elements as these, was, in spite of his soundness of faith and
grand trenchant force of character, better as a warrior than as a
shepherd, and the controversial and political sides of his character,
though invaluable to the Church, did not recommend him to the affections
of the people of his diocese, who could not understand the points of the
debate, and wanted the direct evidence of spirituality which they could
appreciate.

The cholera of 1832 had been especially terrible in the unwholesome
precincts of the Devonshire seaports, and the effect was a great craving
for religion. The Church was in no condition to avail herself of it; in
fact, she would have viewed it with distrust as excitement. Primitive
Methodism and Plymouth Brethrenism supplied the void, gave opportunities
of prayer, and gratified the quickened longing for devotion; and
therewith arose that association of the Church with deadness and
of Dissent with life, which infected even the most carefully tended
villages, and with which Patteson was doing his best to contend at
Alfington. The stage of gaining the people's affection and confidence,
and of quickening their religious life, he had attained; and the further
work of teaching them that the Church alone gives security of saving
union with Christ, was yet to come when his inward call led him
elsewhere.

On the 12th of December he says:--

'Yesterday was a very happy day; Gardiner came to help me and he
administered the Holy Communion to twenty-seven or twenty-eight of my
own people. This is nearly double the average before I came, and two
regular attendants are prevented by sickness from being at Church. I
trust I have not urged the necessity of communicating unwisely upon
them. I preach on it once a month, as you know, and in almost every
sermon allude to it, and where occasion offers, speak about it to
individuals at home; but I try to put before them the great awfulness
of it as well as the danger of neglecting it, and I warn them against
coming without feeling really satisfied from what I read to them, and
they read in the Bible concerning it. Six came yesterday for the first
time.... Old William (seventy-five years of age), who has never been a
communicant, volunteered on Thursday to come, if I thought it right. He
is, and always has been (I am told), a thoroughly respectable, sober,
industrious man, regular at Church once a day; and I went to his cottage
with a ticket in my pocket to urge him to consider the danger of going
on as if content with what he did and without striving to press onwards,
&c. But, after a long conversation on other matters, he said; "I should
like, Sir, to come to the Sacrament, if you have no objection;" and very
happy and thankful I felt, for I had prayed very earnestly that this old
man might be led thither by God's grace, and now it was done without any
urging on my part, beyond what he heard in Church and what I had said to
his daughter about him.'

The next of his letters is occupied with the pecuniary affairs of his
lodging house for farm boys, and the obtaining of ground where they
might grow vegetables for their own use.

In February his family returned home, and his sister Fanny thus speaks
of him to a friend:--

'He does not look well; and at first we were quite uneasy, for his eyes
were heavy and puffed, but he is much better, and confesses that dinners
and evenings here do him good, though he quite denies the starving,
and Mrs. Knowles also. She says he gets over anxious in mind, and was
completely chilled the week he sat in the hall. No doubt his house is
still both cold and damp, and the Church the same, and therefore
the labour of reading and preaching is very great. We are by degrees
interesting him in our winter life, having heard all his performances
and plans; and he is very glad to have us back, though much too busy to
have missed us when we were away. Now he has daily morning service,
with a lecture; and if it lasts, the impression he has made is really
extraordinary. We may well pray that he should not be vain of his works.
There are men whose whole lives seem changed, if I am to believe what I
hear.'

Such was the young Deacon's early success. With an affectionate brother
close at hand, and friends within easy reach, his Fellowship preserving
his connection with Oxford, his father's and brother's profession with
London, in fact, all England could offer; and he would easily have it
in his power to take fresh holidays on the Continent and enjoy those
delights of scenery, architecture, art and music, which he loved with an
appreciation and enthusiasm that could easily have become an absorbing
passion. Who could have a smoother, easier, pleasanter career open to
him than the Rev. John Coleridge Patteson at six and twenty?

Yet even then, the wish breathed to his mother, at fourteen, that he
might devote himself to the cause of the heathen, lay deep in his heart;
although for the present, he was, as it were, waiting to see what God
would have him do, whether his duty to his father required him to remain
at hand, or whether he might be called to minister in some great English
manufacturing town.

Early in 1854, it became known that the Bishop of New Zealand and Mrs.
Selwyn were about to spend a year in England. Coley's aspirations to
mission work were renewed. The thoughts excited by the sermons he had
heard at Eton twelve years previously grew in force. He remembered his
mother's promise of her blessing, and seriously considered of offering
himself to assist in the work in the Southern Hemisphere. He discussed
the matter seriously with his friend, Mr. Gardiner, who was strongly of
opinion that the scheme ought not to be entertained during his father's
lifetime. He acquiesced; but if his heart and mind were convinced, his
soul and spirit were not, and the yearnings for the forefront of the
battle were not quenched, though there was no slackening of zeal over
the present little flock, to make them suspect that he had a thought
beyond.

Old ties of friendship already mentioned made the Bishop and Mrs. Selwyn
promise to spend a few days at Feniton; and on the 19th of August the
New Zealand guests arrived at Feniton. After joining in the family
welcome, Coley went apart, and gave way to a great burst of tears, due,
perhaps, not so mueh to disappointed ardour, as to the fervent emotion
excited by the actual presence of a hero of the Church Militant, who
had so long been the object of deep silent enthusiasm. The next morning,
Coley walked from Alfington to breakfast at home, and afterwards went
into the garden with the Bishop, who led him to talk freely of his
present work in all its details. By-and-by the question arose, Did it
satisfy him?

Yes, the being near his father satisfied him that it was right for the
present, but at some future time, he hoped to do more, go perhaps to
some great manufacturing town, or, as he could not help going on to say,
what he should like would be to go out as a missionary, only the thought
of his father withheld him.

'But,' replied the Bishop, 'if you think about doing a thing of that
sort, it should not be put off till you are getting on in life. It
should be done with your full strength and vigour.'

Then followed an endeavour on both sides to ascertain whether the
inclination was a real earnest desire, or only fancy for the romance of
mission work. The test might be whether he were willing to go wherever
he might be sent, or only where he was most interested. Coley replied,
that he was willing to work anywhere, adding that his sister Fanny could
testify whether his desire were a real one of long standing or the mere
outcome of a fit of enthusiasm.

Therewith they separated, and Coley, going straight to Fanny, told her
what had passed: 'I could not help it,' he said:--'I told the Bishop of
my wish.'

'You ought to put it to my father, that he may decide it,' she answered;
'he is so great a man that he ought not to be deprived of the crown of
the sacrifice if he be willing to make it.'

So Coley repaired to his father, and confessed his long cherished
wish, and how it had come forth to the Bishop. Sir John was manifestly
startled; but at once said: 'You have done quite right to speak to me,
and not to wait. It is my first impulse to say No, but that would be
very selfish.'

Coley explained that he was 'driven to speak;' he declared himself not
dissatisfied with his present position, nor he hoped, impatient. If his
staying at home were decided upon, he would cheerfully work on there
without disappointment or imagining his wishes thwarted. He would leave
the decision entirely in the hands of his father and the Bishop.

Luncheon brought the whole family together; and Sir John, making room
for his younger daughter beside him, said, 'Fan, did you know this about
Coley?'

She answered that she had some idea, but no more could pass till the
meal was ended; when her father went into another room, and she followed
him. The great grief broke out in the exclamation: 'I can't let him go;'
but even as the words were uttered, they were caught back, as it were,
with--'God forbid I should stop him.'

The subject could not be pursued, for the Bishop was public property
among the friends and neighbours, and the rest of the day was bestowed
upon them. He preached on the Sunday at Alfington, where the people
thronged to hear him, little thinking of the consequences of his visit.

Not till afterwards were the Bishop and the father alone together, when
Sir John brought the subject forward. The Bishop has since said that
what struck him most was the calm balancing of arguments, like a true
Christian Judge. Sir John spoke of the great comfort he had in this son,
cut off as he was by his infirmity from so much of society, and enjoying
the young man's coming in to talk about his work. He dwelt on all with
entire absence of excitement, and added: 'But there, what right have I
to stand in his way? How do I know that I may live another year?'

And as the conversation ended, 'Mind!' he said; 'I give him wholly, not
with any thought of seeing him again. I will not have him thinking he
must come home again to see me.'

That resolution was the cause of much peace of mind to both father and
son. After family prayers that Sunday night, when all the rest had gone
upstairs, the Bishop detained the young man, and told him the result of
the conversation, then added: 'Now, my dear Coley, having ascertained
your own state of mind and having spoken at length to your father and
your family, I can no longer hesitate, as far as you recognise any power
to call on my part, to invite you most distinctly to the work.'

The reply was full acceptance.

Then taking his hand, the Bishop said, 'God bless you, my dear Coley! It
is a great comfort to me to have you for a friend and companion.'

Such was the outward and such the inward vocation to the Deacon now
within a month of the Priesthood. Was it not an evident call from Him by
whom the whole Church is governed and sanctified? And surely the noble
old man, who forced himself not to withhold 'his son, his firstborn
son,' received his crown from Him who said: 'With blessing I will bless
thee.'

And he wrote to his brother:--


'August 21.

'My dear old Jem,--I have news for you of an unexpected and startling
kind; about myself: and I am afraid that it will cause you some pain to
hear what I am to tell you. You must know that for years I have felt
a strong leaning toward missionary work, and though my proceedings at
Alfington and even the fact of going thither might seem to militate
against such a notion, yet the feeling has been continually present to
me, and constantly exercising an increasing influence over me. I trust
I have not taken an enthusiastic or romantic view of things; my own firm
hope and trust is that I have decided upon calm deliberate conviction,
and it is some proof of this, that Fanny and Joan have already guessed
my state of mind, and months ago anticipated what has now taken
place.... And so, dear Jem, you must help them all to bear what will of
course be a great trial. This is my trial also; for it is hard to bear
the thought that I may be giving unnecessary pain and causing distress
without really having considered sufficiently the whole matter. But then
I think God does not call now by an open vision; this thought has been
for years working in my mind: it was His providence that brought me into
contact with the Bishop in times past, and has led me to speak now. I
cannot doubt this. I feel sure that if I was alone in the world I should
go; the only question that remains is, "am I bound to stay for my dear
Father's sake, or for the sake of you all?" and this has been answered
for me by Father and the Bishop. And now, my dear Jem, think well over
my character, sift it thoroughly, and try to see what there is which may
have induced me to act wrongly in a matter of so much consequence. This
is the kindest thing you can do; for we ought to take every precaution
not to make a mistake before it is too late. Speak out quite plainly; do
tell me distinctly as far as you can see them my prevailing faults,
what they were in boyhood at Eton, and at College. It may help me to
contemplate more clearly and truly the prospect before me. We shall have
many opportunities, I trust, of discussing all this by-and-by. I shall
tell Uncle John, because some arrangements must be made about Alfington
as soon as may be. My tutor knows something about it already; it will
soon be known to more. But do not suppose that I imagine myself better
qualified for this work than hundreds of others more earnest, and
infinitely more unselfish, and practically good; but I have received an
invitation to a peculiar work, which is not offered to many others. We
must all look onwards: we must try to think of this world as but a short
moment in our existence; our real life and home is beyond the grave. On
September 24th I hope to be ordained Priest; think of me and pray
for me, my dear old fellow, that God will give me more of your own
unselfishness and care and interest for others, and teach me to act not
according to my own will and pleasure, but solely with a view to His
honour and glory. God bless you, my dear old Jem, my dear, dear brother.

'Your most loving brother,

'J. C. P.


From that moment the matter was treated as fixed; and only three days
later, the intention was announced to the relations at Thorverton.

This is the letter to the little fatherless cousin, Paulina Martyn,
who had always been devoted to Coley, and whom he loved with a triple
portion of the affection children always gained from him. She was
only eight years old, but had the precocity of solitary children much
attended to by their elders:--


'Feniton: August 24, 1854.

'My darling Pena,--I am going to tell you a secret, and I am afraid it
is one which will make you feel very sorry for a little while. Do you
remember my talking to you one day after breakfast rather gravely, and
telling you afterwards it was my first sermon to you? Well, my darling,
I was trying to hint to you that you must not expect to go on very long
in this world without troubles and trials, and that the use of them is
to make us think more about God and about Heaven, and to remember that
our real and unchangeable happiness is not to be found in this world,
but in the next. It was rather strange for me to say all this to a
bright happy good child like you, and I told you that you ought to be
bright and happy, and to thank God for making you so. It is never right
for us to try to make ourselves sad and grieve. Good people and good
children are cheerful and happy, although they may have plenty of trials
and troubles. You see how quietly and patiently Mamma and Grandpapa
and Grandmamma take all their trouble about dear Aunty; that is a good
lesson for us all. And now, my darling, I will tell you my secret. I am
going to sail at Christmas, if I live so long, a great way from England,
right to the other end of the world, with the good Bishop of New
Zealand. I dare say you know where to find it on the globe. Clergymen
are wanted out there to make known the Word of God to the poor ignorant
people, and for many reasons it is thought right that I should go. So
after Christmas you will not see me again for a very long time, perhaps
never in this world; but I shall write to you very often, and send you
ferns and seeds, and tell you about the Norfolk Island pines, and you
must write to me, and tell me all about yourself, and always think of
me, and pray for me, as one who loves you dearly with all his heart,
and will never cease to pray God that the purity and innocence of
your childhood may accompany you all through your life and make you a
blessing (as you are now, my darling) to your dear mother and all who
know you.

'Ever your most affectionate,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


To the child's mother the words are:--

'I pray God that I may have chosen aright, and that if I have acted from
sudden impulse too much, from love of display, or from desire to raise
some interest about myself, or from any other selfish and unholy motive,
it may be mercifully forgiven.

'Now, at all events, I must pray that with a single honest desire for
God's glory, I may look straight onwards towards the mark. I must forget
what is behind, I must not lose time in analysing my state of mind to
see how, during years past, this wish has worked itself out. I trust the
wish is from God, and now I must forget myself, and think only of the
work whereunto I am called. But it is hard to flesh and blood to think
of the pain I am causing my dear dear Father, and the pain I am causing
to others outside my own circle here. But they are all satisfied that
I am doing what is right, and it would surprise you, although you know
them so well, to hear the calmness with which we talk about outfits.'

A heavy grief was even now on the family. The beloved, 'Uncle Frank,' so
often affectionately mentioned, had been failing for some time. He
had taken a journey abroad, with one of his daughters, in hopes of
refreshment and invigoration, but the fatigue and excitement were more
than he could bear; he returned home, and took to his bed. He suffered
no pain, and was in a heavenly state of mind indeed, a most blessed
death-bed, most suggestive of comfort and peace to all who survive as a
most evident proof of what the close of life may be, if only 'that life
is spent faithfully in doing our duty to God'--as Patteson wrote to his
old friend, Miss Neill.

'And now one word about myself, which at such a time I should not
obtrude upon you, but that the visit of the Bishop of New Zealand made
it necessary for me to speak.

'I am going with him to work, if all is well, at the Antipodes,
believing that the growing desire for missionary work, which for
years has been striving within me, ought no longer to be resisted, and
trusting that I am not mistaken in supposing that this is the line of
duty that God has marked out for me.

'You may be sure that all this is done with the full consent and
approbation of my dear Father. He and the Bishop had a great deal of
conversation about it, and I left it entirely for them to determine.
That it will be a great trial to us all at Christmas when we sail, I
cannot conceal from myself; it is so great a separation that I cannot
expect ever to see my dear Father, perhaps not any of those I love best,
again in this world. But if you all know that I am doing, or trying to
do, what is right, you will all be happy about me; and what has just
been taking place at the Manor House teaches us to look, on a little to
a blessed meeting in a better place soon. It is from no dissatisfaction
at my present position, that I am induced to take this step. I have been
very happy at Alfington; and I hope to be ordained Priest, on the 24th
of September, with a calm mind. I trust I am not following any sudden
hasty impulse, but obeying a real call to a real work, and (in the
midst of much self-seeking and other alloy) not wholly without a sincere
desire to labour for the honour and glory of God.'

With this purpose full in view, Coleridge Patteson received Ordination
as a Priest in the ensuing Ember Week, again at the hands of Bishop
Phillpotts, in Exeter Cathedral; where a beautiful marble pulpit is to
commemorate the fact.

The wrench from home and friends could not but be terrible. The sisters,
indeed, were so far prepared that they had been aware from the first
of his wish and his mother's reception of it, and when they told their
Father, he was pleased and comforted; for truly he was upheld by the
strength of willing sacrifice. Those were likewise sustained who felt
the spirit of missionary enterprise and sympathy, which was at that time
so strongly infused into the Church; but the shock was severe to many,
and especially to the brother who had been devoted to Coley from their
earliest infancy, and among his relations the grief was great.

As to the district of Alfington, the distress was extreme. The people
had viewed Mr. Patteson as their exclusive property, and could not
forgive the Bishop of New Zealand for, as they imagined, tempting him
away. 'Ah! Sir,' was the schoolmistress's answer to some warm words from
Mr. Justice Coleridge in praise of Bishop Selwyn, 'he may be--no
doubt he is--a very good man. I only wish he had kept his hands off
Alfington.' 'It would not be easy,' says the parishioner from whom
I have already quoted, 'to describe the intense sorrow in view of
separation. Mr. Patteson did all he could to assure us that it was his
own will and act, consequent upon the conviction that it was God's will
that he should go, and to exonerate the Bishop, but for some time he was
regarded as the immediate cause of our loss; and he never knew half the
hard things said of him by the same people who, when they heard he
was coming, and would preach on the Sunday, did their utmost to make
themselves and their children look their very best.'

Indeed, the affectionate writer seems to have shared the poor people's
feeling that they had thus festally received a sort of traitor with
designs upon their pastor. She goes on to tell of his ministrations to
her mother, whose death-bed was the first he attended as a Priest.

It would be impossible for me to say all he was to her. Not long before
her death, when he had just left the room, she said, 'I have not felt
any pain or weakness whilst Mr. Patteson has been here.' I was not
always present during his visits to her, and I think their closer
communings were only known to Him above, but their effects were
discernible in that deep confidence in him on her part, and that lasting
impression on him, for you will remember, in his letter last April, he
goes back in memory to that time, and calls it--'a solemn scene in my
early ministry.' Solemn, indeed, it was to us all that last night of
her life upon earth. He was with her from about the middle of the day
on Monday until about four o'clock on Tuesday morning; when, after
commending her soul to God, he closed her eyes with his own hands, and
taking out his watch, told us the hour and moment of her departure. He
then went home and apprised Miss Wilkins of her death in these words:
'My soul fleeth unto the LORD before the morning watch, I say before the
morning watch,' and at the earliest dawn of day, the villagers were made
aware that she had passed away by the tolling bell, and tolled by him.
This was not the only death during his ministry among us; but it was
the first occasion where he gave the Communion of the Sick, also when he
read the Burial Service. Cases of rejoicing with those that rejoiced as
well as of weeping with those that wept, the child and the aged seemed
alike to appreciate his goodness. In him were combined those qualities
which could inspire with deep reverence and entire confidence. Many,
many are or will be the stars in the crown of his rejoicing, and some
owe to him under God, their deeper work of grace in the heart and their
quickening in the divine life.'

A remarkable testimony is this to the impression remaining after the
lapse of sixteen years from a ministry extending over no more than
seventeen months. 'Our Mr. Patteson' the people called him to the last.

Yet, in the face of all this grief, the parting till death, the work
broken off, the life cut short midway, the profusion of needs at home
for able ministers, is it to be regretted that Coleridge Patteson
devoted himself to the more remote fields abroad? I think we shall find
that his judgment was right. Alfington might love him dearly, but the
numbers were too small to afford full scope for his powers, and he would
have experienced the trials of cramped and unemployed energies had he
remained there beyond his apprenticeship. Nor were his gifts, so far as
can be judged, exactly those most requisite for work in large towns.
He could deal with individuals better than with masses, and his
metaphysical mind, coupled with the curious difficulty he had in writing
to an unrealised public, either in sermons or reports, might have
rendered him less effective than men of less ability. He avoided,
moreover, the temptations, pain, and sting of the intellectual warfare
within the bosom of the Church, and served her cause more effectually on
her borders than he could in her home turmoils. His great and peculiar
gifts of languages, seconded by his capacity for navigation, enabled him
to be the builder up of the Melanesian Church in so remarkable a manner
that one can hardly suppose but that he was marked out for it, and these
endowments would have found no scope in an ordinary career. Above all,
no man can safely refuse the call to obey the higher leadings of grace.
If he deny them, he will probably fall below that which he was before,
and lose 'even that which he seemeth to have.'

A few days later, he wrote to his cousin Arthur Coleridge an expression
of his feelings regarding the step he had taken in the midst of the pain
it was costing to others:--


'Feniton: November 11, 9 A.M.

'My dear Arthur,--Your letter was very acceptable because I am, I
confess, in that state of mind occasionally when the assurance of my
being right, coming from another, tends to strengthen my own conviction.

'I do not really doubt as I believe; and yet, knowing my want of
consideration for others, and many other thoughts which naturally
prevent my exercising a clear sound judgment on a matter affecting
myself, I sometimes (when I have had a conversation, it throws me
back upon analysing my own conduct) feel inclined to go over the whole
process again, and that is somewhat trying.

'On the other hand, I am almost strangely free from excitement. I live
on exactly as I did before: and even when alone with Father, talk just
as I used to talk, have nothing more to tell him, not knowing how to
make a better use of these last quiet evenings.

'By-and-by I shall wish I had done otherwise, perhaps, but I do not know
now, that I have anything specially requiring our consideration: we talk
about family matters, the movements in the theological and political
world, &c., very little about ourselves.

'One of all others I delight to think of for the music's sake, and
far more for the glorious thought that it conveys. "Then shall the
righteous," not indeed that I dare apply it to myself (as you know), but
it helps one on, teaches what we may be, what our two dear parents are,
and somehow the intervening, space becomes smaller as the eye is fixed
steadily on the glory beyond.

'God bless you, my dear fellow.

'Ever your affectionate

'J. C. P.'


The Mission party intended to sail immediately after Christmas in the
'Southern Cross,' the schooner which was being built at Blackwall for
voyages among the Melanesian isles. In expectation of this, Patteson
went up to London in the beginning of December, when the admirable
crayon likeness was taken by Mr. Richmond, an engraving from which is
here given. He then took his last leave of his uncle, and of the cousins
who had been so dear to him ever since the old days of daily meeting
in childhood; and Miss Neill, then a permanent invalid, notes down: 'On
December 13, I had the happiness of receiving the Holy Communion from
dear Coley Patteson, and the following morning I parted from him, as
I fear, for ever. God bless and prosper him, and guard him in all the
dangers he will encounter!' He wrote thus soon after his return:--


'Feniton: December 22, 1854.

'My dear Miss Neill,--I began a note to you a day or two ago, but I
could not go on with it, for I have had so very much to do in church
and out of it, parochializing, writing sermons, &c. It makes some little
difference in point of time whether I am living here or at Alfington,
and so the walking about from one house to another is not so convenient
for writing letters as for thinking over sermons.

'I need not tell you what a real happiness and comfort it is to me to
have been with you again and to have talked so long with you, and most
of all to have received the Communion with you. It is a blessed thought
that no interval of space or time can interrupt that Communion of the
Spirit, and that we are one in Him, though working in different corners
of the Lord's field.

'I want to look you out a little book or two; and Fanny has told you
that if ever my picture is photographed, I have particularly desired
them to send you a copy with my love. Your cross I have now round my
neck, and I shall always wear it; it will hang there with a locket
containing locks of hair of my dear Father and Mother, the girls, and
Jem.

'You will be glad to hear that they all seem cheerful and hearty. Fan
is not well, but I do not see that she is depressed or unhappy. In fact,
the terrible events of the war prove a lesson to all, and they feel, I
suppose, that it might be far worse, and that so long as I am doing my
duty, there is no cause for sorrow.

'Still there will be seasons of loneliness and sadness, and it seems to
me as if it always was so in the case of all the people of whom we read
in the Bible. Our Lord distinctly taught His disciples to expect it to
be so, and even experienced this sorrow of heart Himself, filling up
the full measure of His cup of bitterness. So I don't learn that I ought
exactly to wish it to be otherwise, so much is said in the Bible about
being made partaker of His, sufferings, only I pray that it may please
God to bear me up in the midst of it. I must repeat that your example
is constantly before me, as a witness to the power that God gives of
enduring pain and sickness. It is indeed, and great comfort it gives
me. He is not indeed keeping you still in the world without giving you
a work to do, and enabling you from your bed of sickness to influence
strongly a circle of friends.

'God bless you for all your kindness to me, and watchfulness over me
as a child, for your daily thought of me and prayers for me, and may He
grant that I may wear your precious gift not only on but in my heart.

'Always your very affectionate

'J. C. PATTESON.

'P.S.--I do not expect to sail for three weeks; this morning I had
a line about the ship, and they say that she cannot be ready for a
fortnight.'


On Christmas-day, he was presented with a Bible subscribed for by
the whole Alfington population. Here is a sentence from his letter of
acknowledgment:--

'If these poor needy souls can, from love to a fellow creature whom they
have known but a few months, deny themselves their very crumb of bread
to show their affection, what should be our conduct to Him from whom we
have received all things, and to whom we owe our life, strength, and all
that we possess?'

The farewell service was said by one of these poor old people to be like
a great funeral. Sexagesima Sunday was Sir John's sixty-sixth birthday,
and it was spent in expectation that it would be the last of the whole
party at home, for on the Monday Sir John was obliged to go to London
for a meeting of the Judicial Committee. The two notes his son wrote
during his absence are, perhaps to prove good spirits, full of the
delights of skating, which were afforded by the exceptionally severe
frost of February 1855, which came opportunely to regale with this
favourite pastime one who would never tread on solid ice again. He wrote
with zest of the large merry party of cousins skating together, of the
dismay of the old housekeeper when he skimmed her in a chair over the
ice, sighing out, in her terror, 'My dear man, don't ye go so fast,'
with all manner of endearing expressions--of the little boys to whom
he threw nuts to be scrambled for, and of his own plunge through the
thinner ice, when, regardless of drenched garments, he went on with
the sport to the last, and came home with clothes frozen as stiff as a
board.

He was not gone when his father and brother came home on the
twenty-sixth, prepared to go with him to Southampton.

The note to his cousin Arthur written at this time thus ends: 'We
worked together once at Dresden. Whatever we have acquired in the way of
accomplishments, languages, love of art and music, everything brings us
into contact with somebody, and gives us the power of influencing them
for good, and all to the glory of God.'

Many were touched when, on the first Sunday in Lent, as Sir John
Patteson was wont to assist in Church by reading the Lessons, it fell to
him to pronounce the blessing of God upon the patriarch for his willing
surrender of his son.

After all, the 'Southern Cross' was detected in leaking again, and
as she was so small that the Mission party would have been most
inconveniently crowded for so long a voyage, the Bishop was at length
persuaded to relinquish his intention of sailing in her, and passages
were taken for himself, Mrs. Selwyn, Mr. Patteson, and another
clergyman, in the 'Duke of Portland,' which did not sail till the end of
March, when Patteson was to meet her at Gravesend.

Thus he did not depart till the 25th. 'I leave home this morning I may
say, for it has struck midnight,' he wrote to Miss Neill. 'I bear with
me to the world's end your cross, and the memory of one who is bearing
with great and long-tried patience the cross that God has laid upon
her.'

He chose to walk to the coach that would take him to join the railway at
Cullompton. The last kisses were exchanged at the door, and the sisters
watched him out of sight, then saw that their father was not standing
with them. They consulted for a moment, and then one of them silently
looked into his sitting room, and saw him with his little Bible, and
their hearts were comforted concerning him. After that family prayers
were never read without a clause for Missionaries, 'especially the
absent member of this family.'

He went up to his brother's chambers in London, whence a note was sent
home the next day to his father:--

'I write one line to-night to tell you that I am, thank God, calm and
even cheerful. I stayed a few minutes in the churchyard after I left
you, picked a few primrose buds from dear mamma's grave, and then walked
on.

'At intervals I felt a return of strong violent emotion, but I soon
became calm; I read most of the way up, and felt surprised that I could
master my own feelings so much.

'How much I owe to the cheerful calm composure which you all showed this
morning! I know it must have cost you all a great effort. It spared me a
great one.'

On the 27th the brothers went on board the 'Duke of Portland,' and
surveyed the cabins, looking in at the wild scene of confusion sure
to be presented by an emigrant ship on the last day in harbour. A long
letter, with a minute description of the ship and the arrangements ends
with: 'I have every blessing and comfort. Not one is wanting. I am not
in any excitement, I think, certainly I do not believe myself to be
in such a state as to involve a reaction of feeling. Of course if I am
seedy at sea for a few days I shall feel low-spirited also most likely,
and miss you all more in consequence. But that does not go below the
surface. Beneath is calm tranquil peace of mind.'

On the 28th the two brothers joined the large number of friends who went
down with the Mission party, among them Mr. Edward Coleridge.

Parting notes were written from on board to all the most beloved; to
little Paulina, of bright hopes, to Miss Neill of her cross; to Arthur
the German greeting, 'Lebe wohl, doch nicht auf Ewigkeit,'--to Mr.
Justice Coleridge:--


'March 28, 1855.

'My dear Uncle,--One line more to thank you for all your love and to
pray for the blessing of God upon you and yours now and for ever.

'We sail to-day. Such letters from home, full of calm, patient, cheerful
resignation to his will. Wonderfully has God supported us through this
trial. My kind love to Arthur. Always, my dear Uncle, Your affectionate,
grateful Nephew,

'JOHN COLERIDGE PATTESON.'


Perhaps the frame of mind in which Coley left England can best be
gathered from the following extract from a letter to his father from his
uncle Edward:--

'While on board I had a good deal of quiet talk with him, and was fully
confirmed by his manner and words, of that which I did not doubt before,
that the surrender of self, which he has made, has been put into his
heart by God's Holy Spirit, and that all his impulses for good are based
on the firm foundation of trust in God, and a due appreciation of his
mortal, as well as professional condition. I never saw a hand set on the
plough stead with more firmness, yet entire modesty, or with an eye and
heart less turned backwards on the world behind. I know you do not in
any way repine at what you have allowed him to do; and I feel sure that
ere long you will see cause to bless God not only for having given
you such a son, but also for having put it into his heart so to devote
himself to that particular work in the Great Vineyard.'

About 5 P.M. the 'Duke of Portland' swung round with the tide, strangers
were ordered on shore, Coleridge and James Patteson said their last
farewells, and while the younger brother went home by the night-train
to carry the final greetings to his father and sisters, the ship weighed
anchor and the voyage was begun.




CHAPTER VI. THE VOYAGE AND FIRST YEAR. 1855-1856.



When the See of New Zealand was first formed, Archbishop Howley
committed to the care of the first Bishop the multitudinous islands
scattered in the South Pacific. The technical bounds of the diocese were
not defined; but matters were to a certain degree simplified by Bishop
Selwyn's resolution only to deal with totally heathen isles, and
whatever superiority the authorised chief pastor might rightfully claim,
not to confuse the minds of the heathen by the sight of variations among
Christians, and thus never to preach in any place already occupied by
Missions, a resolution from which he only once departed, in the case of
a group apparently relinquished by its first teachers. This cut off all
the properly called Polynesian isles, whose inhabitants are of the Malay
type, and had been the objects of care to the London Mission, ever since
the time of John Williams; also the Fiji Islands; and a few which had
been taken in hand by a Scottish Presbyterian Mission; but the groups
which seem to form the third fringe round the north-eastern curve of
Australia, the New Hebrides, Banks Islands, and Solomon Isles, were
almost entirely open ground, with their population called Melanesian
or Black Islanders, from their having much of the Negro in their
composition and complexion. These were regarded as less quick but more
steady than the Polynesian race, with somewhat the same difference of
character as there is between the Teuton and the Kelt. The reputation
of cannibalism hung about many of the islands, and there was no doubt
of boats' crews having been lost among them, but in most cases there had
been outrage to provoke reprisals.

These islands had as yet been little visited, except by Captain Cook,
their first discoverer, and isolated Spanish exploring expeditions; but
of late whalers and sandal wood traders, both English and American, had
been finding their way among them, and too often acting as irresponsible
adventurous men of a low class are apt to do towards those whom they
regard as an inferior race.

Mission work had hardly reached this region. It was in attempting
it that John Williams had met his death at Erromango, one of the New
Hebrides; but one of his best institutions had been a school in one of
the Samoan or Navigators' Islands, in which were educated young men of
the native races to be sent to the isles to prepare the way for white
men. Very nobly had these Samoan pupils carried out his intentions,
braving dislike, disease and death in the islands to which they were
appointed, and having the more to endure because they came without the
prestige of a white man. Moreover, the language was no easier to them
than to him, as their native speech is entirely different from the
Melanesian; which is besides broken into such an extraordinary number of
different dialects, varying from one village to another in an island not
twenty miles long, that a missionary declared that the people must have
come straight from the Tower of Babel, and gone on dividing their speech
ever since. Just at the time of the formation of the See of New Zealand,
the excitement caused at home by Williams's death had subsided, and the
London Mission's funds were at so low an ebb that, so far from extending
their work, they had been obliged to let some of it fall into abeyance.

All this came to the knowledge of the Bishop of New Zealand while he was
occupied with the cares of his first seven years in his more immediate
diocese, and in 1848, he made a voyage of inspection in H.M.S. 'Dido.'
He then perceived that to attempt the conversion of this host of isles
of tropical climate through a resident English clergyman in each, would
be impossible, besides which he knew that no Church takes root without
native clergy, and he therefore intended bringing boys to New Zealand,
and there educating them to become teachers to their countrymen. He had
lately established, near Auckland, for the sons of the colonists, St.
John's College, which in 1850 was placed under the Reverend Charles John
Abraham, the former Eton master, who had joined the Bishop to act
as Archdeacon and assist in the scheme of education; and here it was
planned that the young Melanesians should be trained.

The Bishop possessed a little schooner of twenty-two tons, the 'Undine,'
in which he was accustomed to make his expeditions along the coast;
and in August 1849, he set forth in her, with a crew of four, without a
weapon of any sort, to 'launch out into the deep, and let down his nets
for a draught.' Captain Erskine of H.M.S. 'Havannah' readily undertook
to afford him any assistance practicable, and they were to cruise in
company, the 'Undine' serving as a pilot boat or tender on coasts where
the only guide was 'a few rough sketches collected from small trading
vessels.'

They met near Tanna, but not before the Bishop had been in Dillon's
Bay, on the island of Erromango, the scene of Williams's murder, and had
allowed some of the natives to come on board his vessel as a first step
towards friendly intercourse. The plan agreed on by the Bishop and the
Captain was to go as far north as Vate, and return by way of the Loyalty
Isles, which fringe the east coast of New Caledonia, to touch at that
large island, and then visit the Island of Pines, at its extreme south
point, and there enquire into a massacre said to have taken place. This
was effected, and in each place the natives showed themselves friendly.
From New Caledonia the Bishop brought away a pupil named Dallup, and
at two of the Loyalty Islands, Nengone or Mare, and Lifu, where Samoan
teachers had excited a great desire for farther instruction, boys
eagerly begged to go with him, and two were taken from each, in especial
Siapo, a young Nengone chief eighteen or nineteen years old, of very
pleasing aspect, and with those dignified princely manners which rank is
almost sure to give. The first thing done with such lads when they came
on board was to make clothes for them, and when they saw the needle
employed in their service, they were almost sure to beg to be taught the
art, and most of them soon became wonderfully dexterous in it.

On the Island of Pines, so called from the tower-like masses of the
Norfolk pine on the shores, was at that time the French Bishop of New
Caledonia, the Oul, as the natives called him and his countrymen, for
whom they had little love. After an interview between the two bishops,
the 'Undine' returned to New Zealand, where the native boys were
brought to St. John's College. The system of education there combined
agricultural labour and printing with study, and the authorities and the
boys shared according to their strength in both, for there was nothing
more prominent in the Bishop's plan than that the coloured man was not
to be treated as a mere hewer of wood and drawer of water, but, as a
Maori once expressed the idea: 'Gentleman--gentleman thought nothing
that ought to be done at all too mean for him; pig-gentleman never
worked.' The whole community, including the ladies and their guests,
dined together in hall.

The five boys behaved well, Siapo being a leader in all that was good,
and made advances in Christian knowledge; but it was one of the Bishop's
principles that none of them should be baptized till he had proved
whether his faith were strong enough to resist the trial of a return to
his native home and heathen friends. The climate of New Zealand is
far too chilly for these inhabitants of tropical regions, and it was
absolutely necessary to return them to their homes during the winter
quarter from June to August. The scheme therefore was to touch at their
islands, drop them there, proceed then further on the voyage, and then,
returning the same way, resume them, if they were willing to come under
instruction for baptism and return to the college. In the lack of a
common language, Bishop Selwyn hoped to make them all learn English, and
only communicate with one another in that.

The 'Undine,' not being large enough for the purpose, was exchanged for
the 'Border Maid;' and in the course of the next three years an annual
voyage was made, and boys to the number of from twelve to fourteen
brought home. Siapo of Nengone was by far the most promising scholar. He
was a strong influence, when at home, on behalf of the Samoan teachers,
and assisted in the building of a round chapel, smoothly floored, and
plastered with coral lime. In 1852 he was baptized, together with three
of his friends, in this chapel, in his own island, by the Bishop, in the
presence of a thousand persons, and received the name of George. When
the 'Border Maid' returned, though he was convalescent from a severe
illness, he not only begged that he might come back, but that the
young girl to whom he was betrothed might be taken to New Zealand to
be trained in Christian ways. Ready consent was given, and the little
Wabisane, and her companion Wasitutru (Little Chattering Bird), were
brought on board, and arrayed in petticoats fashioned by the Bishop's
own hands, from his own counterpane, with white skirts above,
embellished with a bow of scarlet ribbon, the only piece of finery to be
found in the 'Border Maid.' The Rev. William Nihill had spent the period
of this trip at Nengone, and had become deeply interested in the people.
The island was then thought likely to become a centre whence to work
on adjacent places; but to the grief and disappointment of all, George
Siapo did not live through the summer at St. John's. He had never
recovered his illness at home, and rapidly declined; but his faith
burnt brighter as his frame became weaker, and his heart was set on the
conversion of his native country. He warmly begged Mr. Nihill to return
thither, and recommended him to the protection of his friends, and
he wished his own brother to become scholar at St. John's. His whole
demeanour was that of a devoted Christian, and when he died, in the
January of the year 1853, he might be regarded as the firstfruits of the
Melanesian Church. Since Mr. Nihill was about to return to Nengone, and
there was a certain leaven of Christianity in the place, the girls were
not subjected to the probation of a return before baptism, but were
christened Caroline and Sarah, after Mrs. Abraham and Mrs. Selwyn.

Another very satisfactory pupil was little Umao. An English sailor in a
dreadful state of disease had been left behind by a whaler at Erromango,
where the little Umao, a mere boy, had attached himself to him, and
waited on him with the utmost care and patience, though meeting with no
return but blows and rough words. The man moved to Tanna, where there
are mineral springs highly esteemed by the natives, and when the 'Border
Maid' touched there, in 1851, he was found in a terrible condition,
but with the little fellow faithfully attending him. The Englishman was
carried to Sydney, and left in the hospital there; but Umao begged not
to be sent home, for he said his parents cruelly ill-used him and his
brothers, and set them to watch the fire all night to keep off evil
spirits; so, when New Zealand became too cold for him, he was sent to
winter at the London Society's station in Anaiteum. His sweet friendly
nature expanded under Christian training, but his health failed, and in
the course of the voyage of 1853 he became so ill that his baptism was
hastened, and he shortly after died in the Bishop's arms.

Two more boys, cousins, from Lifu, also died. There never was any
suspicion or displeasure shown among the relatives of these youths.
Their own habits were frightfully unhealthy; they were not a long-lived
people, and there was often great mortality among them, and though they
were grieved at the loss of their sons, they never seemed distrustful
or ungrateful. But it was evident that, even in the summer months, the
climate of New Zealand was trying to these tropical constitutions, and
as it was just then determined that Norfolk Island should no longer be
the penal abode of the doubly convicted felons of Botany Bay, but should
instead become the home of the descendants of the mutineers of the
'Bounty' who had outgrown Pitcairn's Island, the Bishop cast his
eyes upon it as the place most likely to agree alike with English and
Melanesian constitutions, and therefore eminently fitted for the place
of instruction.

The expenses of the voyages in the 'Border Maid' had been met partly by
the Eton Association, and partly by another association at Sydney, where
a warm interest in these attempts had been excited and maintained by the
yearly visits of Bishop Selwyn, who usually visited Australia while
the lads were wintering at their homes. But the 'Border Maid' was
superannuated, nor had she ever been perfectly fitted for the purpose;
and when, in 1853, the Bishop was obliged to come to England to take
measures for dividing his diocese, he also hoped to obtain permission to
establish a Melanesian school on Norfolk Island, and to obtain the
means of building a schooner yacht, small enough to be navigated in
the narrow, shallow creeks separating the clustered islets, and yet
capacious enough for the numerous passengers. In the meantime Mr. Nihill
went to Nengone with his wife and child. His lungs were much affected,
but he hoped that the climate would prolong his power of working among
the Christian community, who heartily loved and trusted him.

Other fellow-labourers the Bishop hoped to obtain at home, though it was
his principle never to solicit men to come with him, only to take those
who offered themselves; but all the particulars of the above narration
had been known to Coley Patteson through the Bishop's correspondence
with Mr. Edward Coleridge, as well as by the yearly report put forth by
the Eton Association, and this no doubt served to keep up in his heart
the flame that had burnt unseen for so many years, and to determine its
direction, though he put himself unreservedly at the Bishop's disposal,
to work wherever he might be sent.

The means for the mission ship 'Southern Cross' were raised. She was
built at Blackwall by Messrs. Wigram, and, after all the delays, sailed
on the very same day as the 'Duke of Portland.'

Meantime here are a few extracts from Patteson's journal-letter during
the voyage. Sea-sickness was very slightly disabling with him; he was up
and about in a short time, and on the 8th of April was writing:--

'What a day this has been to me, the twenty-eighth anniversary of my
baptism to begin with, and then Easter Day spent at sea!

'April 20th, lat, 4° N., long. 25° W.--Rather hot. It is very fine
to see all the stars of the heavens almost rise and pass overhead and
set--Great Bear and Southern Cross shining as in rivalry of each other,
and both hemispheres showing forth all their glory. Only the Polar Star,
that shines straight above you, is gone below our horizon; and One alone
knows how much toil, and perhaps sorrow, there may be in store for
me before I see it again. But there is and will be much happiness
and comfort also, for indeed I have great peace of mind, and a firm
conviction that I am doing what is right; a feeling that God is
directing and ordering the course of my life, and whenever I take the
only true view of the business of life, I am happy and cheerful.

'May 10.--It is, I find, quite settled, and was indeed always, that I am
to go always with the Bishop, roving about the Melanesian department, so
that for some years, if I live, I shall be generally six months at sea.
And not little to my delight, I find that the six winter months (i.e.
your summer months) are the ones that we shall spend in sailing about
the islands within or near the tropics, so that I shall have little more
shivering limbs or blue hands, though I may feel in the long run
the effect of a migratory swallow-like life. But the sea itself is a
perpetual tonic, and when I am thoroughly accustomed to a sea life, I
think I shall be better almost on board ship.'

This seems the place for Bishop Selwyn's impression, as written to a
friend at this very time. 'Coley Patteson is a treasure which I humbly
set down as a Divine recompense for our own boys*. He is a good fellow,
and the tone of his mind is one which I can thoroughly enjoy, content
with the 'to aei' present, yet always aiming at a brighter and better
future.'

*(Footnote: Left at home for education.)

'June 18.--You must think of us at 8 P.M. on Sundays--just at 8.20 A.M.
before you come down to prayers. The Bishop has a service in the College
chapel; then, after all the "runners" (clergy who have district chapels)
have returned, chanting Psalms, and reading collects, which bear
especially on the subject of unity, introducing the special Communion
thanksgiving for Whitsunday, and the Sanctus, and the Prayer for Unity
in the Accession Service. I feel that it must be an impressive and very
happy way of ending the Sunday, and you will be at Sunday prayers at the
other end of the world praying with us.

'July 3.--Still at sea. As soon as we rounded the North Cape on Friday,
June 29, a contrary wind sprang up, and we have been beating about,
tacking between North Cape and Cape Brett ever since. Fine sunny weather
and light winds, but always from the south. To me it is a matter of
entire indifference; I am quite ready to go ashore, but do not mind a
few more days at sea. The climate is delightful, thermometer on deck 55°
to 60°, and such glorious sunsets! There is really something peculiar in
the delicacy of the colours here--faint pink and blue, and such an idea
of distance is given by the great transparency of the air. It is full
moon too now, and I walk the deck from eleven to twelve every night with
no great-coat, thinking about you all and my future work. Last night the
Bishop was with me, and told me definitely about my occupation for the
time to come. All day we have been slowly, very slowly, passing along
from the north headland of the Bay of Islands to Cape Brett, and along
the land south of it. A fine coast it is, full of fine harbours and
creeks, the bay itself like a large Torbay, only bolder. Due south of
us is the Bream headland, then the Barrier Islands. We are only about a
mile from the shore, and refreshing it is to look at it; but as yet we
have seen no beach; the rock runs right into the sea. Such bustle and
excitement on board! emigrants getting their things ready, carpenters
making the old "Duke" look smart, sailors scrubbing, but no painting
going on, to our extreme delight. It is so calm, quite as smooth as a
small lake; indeed there is less perceptible motion than I have felt
on the Lake of Como. No backs, no bones aching, though here I speak for
others more than for myself, for the Bishop began his talk last night by
saying, "One great point is decided, that you are a good sailor. So far
you are qualified for Melanesia."'

To this may be added that Patteson had been farther preparing for
this work by a diligent study of the Maori language, and likewise of
navigation; and what an instructor he had in the knowledge of the
coasts may be gathered from the fact that an old sea captain living at
Kohimarama sent a note to St. John's College stating that he was sure
that the Bishop had come, for he knew every vessel that had ever come
into Auckland harbour, and was sure this barque had never been there
before; yet she had come in the night through all the intricate
passages, and was rounding the heads without a pilot on board. He
therefore concluded that the Bishop must be on board, as there was
no other man that could have taken command of her at such a time, and
brought her into that harbour.

The Bishop and Mrs. Selwyn went on shore as soon as possible; Patteson
waited till the next day. Indeed he wrote on July 5 that he was in
no hurry to land, since he knew no one in the whole neighbourhood but
Archdeacon Abraham. Then he describes the aspect of Auckland from the
sea:--

'It looks much like a small sea-side town, but not so substantially
built, nor does it convey the same idea of comfort and wealth; rude
warehouses, &c., being mixed up with private houses on the beach. The
town already extends to a distance of perhaps half a mile on each side
of this cove, on which the principal part of it is built. Just in the
centre of the cove stands the Wesleyan chapel. On the rising ground on
the east of the cove is the Roman Catholic chapel, and on the west side
is St. Paul's Church, an Early English stone building, looking really
ecclesiastical and homelike. The College, at a distance of about five
miles from the town, on some higher ground, northwest of it, is reached
from the harbour by a boat ascending a creek to within a mile of the
buildings, so that we shall not go into the town at all when we land. By
water too will be our shortest, at all events our quickest way from the
college to the town.

'July 9, St. John's College.--Though we reached harbour on July 5, and
landed the next day, I have scarcely found a minute to write a line.
Imagine my feelings as I touched land and jumped ashore at a creek under
Judge Martin's house, in the presence of Rota Waitoa, the only native
clergyman in the diocese; Levi, who is perhaps to be ordained, and four
or five other natives. Tena ra fa koe e ho a? "How are you, my friends?"
(the common New Zealand greeting), said I as I shook hands with them one
by one. We walked up from the beach to the house. Roses in full flower,
and mimosa with a delicate golden flower, and various other shrubs and
flowers in full bloom. Midwinter, recollect. The fragrance of the air,
the singing of the birds, the fresh smell (it was raining a little and
the grass was steaming) were delicious, as you may suppose. Here I
was, all at once, carrying up baggage, Maoris before and behind, and
everything new and strange, and yet I felt as if it were all right and
natural. The Bishop and Mrs. Selwyn had landed the day before, and
we were heartily welcomed. Mr. Martin took me into his study. "I am
thankful to see you as a fresh labourer among us here; a man of your
name needs no introduction to a lawyer." Nothing could exceed his
kindness. He began talking of at once.

'We dined at about 12.30. Clean mutton chops, potatoes and pumpkin (very
good indeed), jam pudding, bread, and plenty of water (beer I refused).
It did taste so good, I am quite ashamed of thinking about it. About two
o'clock I started with the Bishop for the College, nearly six miles from
Auckland.

'The Bishop is at a kind of collegiate establishment on the outskirts of
Auckland, where Mr. Kissling, a clergyman, is the resident, and thither
I go on Wednesday, to live till October 1, when we start, please God,
in the "Southern Cross" for the cruise around New Zealand. Here, at Mr.
Kissling's, I shall have work with Maoris, learning each day, I trust,
to speak more correctly and fluently. Young men for teachers, and it may
be for clergymen, will form at once my companions and my pupils, a
good proportion of them being nearly or quite of my own age. I am to
be constantly at the Judge's, running in and out, working on Sundays
anywhere as I may be sent. So much for myself.

'The College is really all that is necessary for a thoroughly good and
complete place of education; the hall all lined with kauri pine wood, a
large handsome room, collegiate, capable of holding two hundred persons;
the school-room, eighty feet long, with admirable arrangements for
holding classes separately. There are two very cosy rooms, which belong
to the Bishop and Mrs. Selwyn respectively, in one of which I am now
sitting.... On the walls are hanging about certain tokens of Melanesia
in the shape of gourds, calabashes, &c., such as I shall send you one
day; a spade on one side, just as a common horse halter hanging from
Abraham's bookshelf, betokens colonial life. Our rooms are quite large
enough, bigger than my room at Feniton, but no furniture, of course,
beyond a bedstead, a table for writing, and an old bookcase; but it is
never cold enough to care about furniture... I clean, of course, my room
in part, make my bed, help to clear away things after meals, &c., and am
quite accustomed to do without servants for anything but cooking. There
is a weaving room, which used to be well worked, a printing press
(from C. M. S.) which has done some good work, and is now at work
again--English, Maori, Greek and Hebrew types. Separate groups of
buildings, which once were filled with lads from different Melanesian
isles--farm buildings, barns, &c. Last of all, the little chapel
of kauri wood, stained desk, like the inside of a really good
ecclesiastical building in England, porch S.W. angle, a semicircular
apse at the west, containing a large handsome stone font, open seats of
course. The east end very simple, semicircular apse, small windows all
full of stained glass, raised one step, no rails, the Bishop's chair
on the north side, bench on the south. Here my eye and my mind rested
contentedly and peacefully. The little chapel, holding about seventy
persons, is already dear to me. I preached in it last night at the seven
o'clock service. We chanted the Unity Psalms CXXII, CXXIII, CXXIV, and
CL, heartily, all joining to a dear old double chant in parts. I felt
my heart very full as I spoke to them of the blessedness of prayer
and spiritual communion. I was at Tamaki in the morning, where I read
prayers, the Archdeacon preaching. A little stone church, very rude
and simple, but singing again good, and congregation of fifty-one,
attentive. At Panmure, about three miles off, in the afternoon, a tiny
wooden church--where Abraham took all the duty. In the evening, in the
chapel, he read prayers, and I preached to about thirty-five or forty
people. We left the chapel just as you were getting ready for breakfast,
and so passed my first Sunday in New Zealand. To-day I have had hard
work; I walked with Abraham to Auckland--six miles of rough work, I
promise you, except the two last.

I believe it was in the course of this walk that Patteson experimented
on his Maori, a native whom they visited, and who presently turned upon
the Archdeacon, and demanded, 'Why do you not speak like Te Pattihana?'
Such a compliment has seldom been paid on so early an attempt at
colloquialism in a new language. Journal continues:--

'Lugged down boxes, big empty ones, from the Judge's house to the beach.
Went with the Bishop to the old ship, packed up books, brought away
all our things almost, helped to pack them in a cart and drag, and then
walked back to the College, which I reached in the dark at 7.30. It is
delightful to see the delight of the natives when they see the Bishop.
"E--h te Pikopa!" and then they all come round him like children,
laughing and talking. Two common men we met on Friday from Rotoma, 150
miles off, who said that their tribe had heard that the Queen of England
had taken away his salary, and they had been having subscriptions for
him every Sunday. They are of various shades of colour, some light
brown, some nearly black, and some so tattooed all over that you can't
tell what colour they are. I was talking to-day to the best of my power
with a native teacher upon whose face I could not see one spot as big as
a shilling that was not tattooed, beautifully done in a regular pattern,
one side corresponding to the other. Each tribe, as it is said (I
know not how truly), has a pattern of its own; so they wear their
coats-of-arms on their faces, that is all. The young Christian natives
are not tattooed at all, and I have been to-day with Sydney, whose
father was the great fighting man of Honghi (miscalled Shanghi) who was
presented to George IV. This young man's father helped to exterminate a
whole tribe who lived on a part of the College property (as it is now),
and he is said to be perhaps the first New Zealander who was baptized
as an infant. I find it hard to understand them; they speak very
indistinctly--not fast, but their voices are thick in general. I hope to
learn a good deal before October. My first letter from the ends of the
world tells of my peace of mind, of one sound and hearty in body, and, I
thank God, happy, calm, and cheerful in spirit.'


'July 11, 1855; St. John's College, Auckland.

'My dear Fan,--I do not doubt that I am where I ought to be; I do think
and trust that God has given me this work to do; but I need earnest
prayers for strength that I may do it. It is no light work to be
suddenly transplanted from a quiet little country district, where every
one knew me, and the prestige of dear Father's life and your active
usefulness among the people made everything smooth for me, to a work
exceeding in magnitude anything that falls to the lot of an ordinary
parish priest in England--in a strange land, among a strange race
of men, in a newly forming and worldly society, with no old familiar
notions and customs to keep the machine moving; and then to be made
acquainted with such a mass of information respecting Church government
and discipline, educational schemes, conduct of clergy and teachers,
etc., etc. It is well that I am hearty and sound in health, or I should
be regularly overwhelmed with it. Two texts I think of constantly:
"Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might." "Sufficient
for the day," etc. I hardly dare look forward to what my work may be on
earth; I cannot see my way; but I feel sure that He is ordering it all,
and I try to look on beyond the earth, when at length, by God's mercy,
we may all find rest.

'That I have been so well in body and so cheerful in mind ever since I
left home--I mean cheerful on the whole, not without seasons of sadness,
but so mercifully strengthened at all times--must, I think, without
any foolish enthusiasm, be remembered by me as a special act of God's
goodness and mercy. I was not the least weary of the sea. Another month
or two would have made very little difference to me, I think. I am very
fond of it, and I think of my voyages to come without any degree
of dread from that cause, and I have no reason to expect any great
discomfort from any other. I have my whole stock of lemon syrup and
lime juice, so that the salt meat on the "Southern Cross" will be
counteracted in that way; and going round those islands we shall be
ashore every few days. But what most surprises me is this: that when
I am alone, as here at night in a great (for it is large) cheerless,
lonely room, as I should have thought it once; though I can't help
thinking of my own comforts at home, and all dear faces around me,
though I feel my whole heart swelling with love to you all, still I am
not at all sad or gloomy, or cast down. This does surprise me: I did not
think it would or could be so. I have indeed prayed for it, but I had
not faith to believe that my prayer would be so granted. The fact
itself is most certain. I have at Alfington, when alone of an evening,
experienced a greater sense of loneliness than I have once done out
here. Of this hitherto I feel no doubt: it may be otherwise any day of
course; and to what else can I attribute this fact, in all soberness of
mind, but to the mercy of God in strengthening me for my work? Much of
it may be the effect of a splendid climate upon my physique, that is
true; for indeed to find flowers in full blossom, green meadows, hot
suns, birds singing, etc., in midwinter, with a cool, steady breeze from
the sea invigorating me all the while, is no doubt just what I require;
but to-day we have a north-easter, which answers to your south-west
wind, with pouring rain, and yet my spirits are not going down with the
barometer. All the same, the said barometer will probably soon recover
himself; for I believe these heavy storms seldom last long. There is
no fire in the room where I sit, which is the Bishop's room when he is
here; no fire-place indeed, as it opens into Mrs. Selwyn's room. The
thermometer is 58°, and it is midwinter.'


To Miss Neill, on the same day, after repeating his conviction that he
was in the right place, he says:--


'I have written to them at home what I ought not perhaps to have said of
myself, but that it will give them comfort--that from all sides my
being here as the Bishop's companion is hailed as likely to produce very
beneficial results. But I must assure you that I fully know how your
love for me and much too high opinion of me makes you fancy that I could
be of use at home. But we must not, even taking this view, send our
refuse men to the colonies. Newly forming societies must be moulded by
men of energy, and power, and high character; in fact, churches must be
organised, the Gospel must be preached by men of earnest zeal for God's
glory in the salvation of souls. To lower the standard of Christian life
by exhibiting a feeble faint glimmering instead of a burning shining
light is to stamp upon the native mind a false impression, it may be for
ever.

'Remember, we have no ancient customs nor time-hallowed usages to make
up for personal indifference and apathy; we have no momentum to carry on
the machine. We have to start it, and give it the first impulse, under
the guidance of the Spirit of God; and oh! if it takes a wrong direction
at first, who can calculate the evil that must follow? It is easy to
steer a vessel in smooth water, with a fair breeze; but how are you to
keep her head straight in a rolling sea with no way on her?'


This letter, with two or three more, went by the first mail after
his arrival. From that time he generally kept a journal-letter, and
addressed it to one or other of his innermost home circle; while the
arrival of each post from home produced a whole sheaf of answers, and
comments on what was told, by each correspondent, of family, political
or Church matters. Sometimes the letter is so full of the subject of
immediate interest as absolutely to leave no room for personal details
of his own actual life, and this became more the case as the residence
in New Zealand or Norfolk Island lost its novelty, while it never
absorbed him so as to narrow his interests. He never missed a mail
in writing to his father and sisters, and a letter to his brother was
equally regular, but these latter were generally too much concerned with
James's own individual life to be as fully given as the other letters,
which were in fact a diary of facts, thoughts, and impressions.


'July 12, St. Stephen's, Mr. Kissling's School-house.--You know I am to
live here when not on the "Southern Cross," or journeying in the Bush;
so I must describe, first, the place itself, then my room in it. The
house is a large one-storied building of wood, no staircase in it, but
only a succession of rooms.... There are at present fourteen or sixteen
girls in the school, boarding here, besides Rota, who is a native
deacon, spending a month here; Levi, who is preparing for ordination,
and three other men. The house stands on table-land about four hundred
yards from the sea, commanding glorious views of the harbour, sea, and
islands, which form groups close round the coast. It is Church property
all round, and the site of a future cathedral is within a stone's throw
of it.... Now for my room. Plenty large enough to begin with, not less
than sixteen feet long by twelve wide, and at least eleven high, all
wood, not papered or painted, which I like much, as the kauri is a
darkish grained wood; no carpet of course, but I am writing now at 10
P.M., with no fire, and quite warm. The east side of the room is one
great window, latticed, in a wooden frame; outside it a verandah, and
such a beautiful view of the harbour and bay beyond. I will tell you
exactly what I have done to-day since two o'clock, as a sample of my
life.

'2 P.M., dinner, roast mutton; my seat between the Bishop and Eota.
Fancy the long table with its double row of Maoris. After dinner, away
with the Bishop to the hospital, a plain wooden building a mile off,
capable of taking in about forty patients in all. I am to visit it
regularly when here, taking that work off the parish clergyman's
shoulders, and a great comfort it will be. I went through it to-day,
and had a long talk with the physician and surgeon, and saw the male
patients, two of them natives. One of them is dying, and so I am to be
now talking as well as I can, but at all events reading and praying,
with this poor fellow, and a great happiness it is to have such a
privilege and so on. Came back to tea, very pleasant. After tea made
Eota, and Sydney, a young-man who knows English pretty well, sit in my
room (N.B., there is but one chair, in which I placed Eota), and then
I made them read Maori to me, and read a good deal myself, and then we
talked as well as we could. At 6.15, prayers, the whole party of Maoris
assembled. Mr. Kissling read the first verse of the chapter (Joshua
vi.), and we each read one verse in turn, and then he questioned them
for perhaps fifteen minutes. They were very intelligent and answered
well, and it was striking to see grown-up men and young women sitting so
patiently to be taught. Then the evening service prayers; and so I knelt
with these good simple people and prayed with them for the first time.
Very much I enjoyed all this. Soon after came supper, a little talking,
and now here am I writing to you.

'I wish you could see the tree-ferns; some are quite twenty feet high in
the trunk, for trunk it is, and the great broad frond waves over it in
a way that would make that child Pena clap her hands with delight. Then
the geraniums and roses in blossom, the yellow mimosa flower, the wild
moncha, with a white flower, growing everywhere, and the great variety
of evergreen trees (none that I have seen being deciduous) make the
country very pretty. The great bare volcanic hills, each with its
well-defined crater, stand up from among the woodlands, and now from
among pastures grazing hundreds of oxen; and this, with the grand sea
views, and shipping in the harbour, make a very fine sight.

'July 14.--I write to-night because you will like a line from me on the
day when first I have in any way ministered to a native of the country.
I was in the hospital to-day, talked a little, and read St. Luke xv. to
one, and prayed with another Maori. The latter is dying. He was baptized
by the Wesleyans, but is not visited by them, so I do not scruple to go
to him. Rota, the native deacon, was with me, and he talked a long
while with the poor fellow. It is a great comfort to me to have made a
beginning. I did little more than read a few prayers from the Visitation
Service, but the man understood me well, so I may be of use, I hope. He
has never received the Lord's Supper; but if there is time to prepare
him, the Bishop wishes me to administer it to him.

'July 20.--Yesterday in sailed the "Southern Cross" with not a spar
carried away or sail lost, perfectly sound, and in a fit state to be off
again at once. She left England on the same day that we did, and arrived
just a fortnight after us, and this is attributable to her having kept
in low latitudes, not going higher than 39°; whereas we were in 51°
30', which diminished the distance and brought us in the way of more
favourable winds. I saw from my windows about 9 A.M. a schooner in the
distance, and told the Bishop I thought it might be the "Southern Cross"
(she has no figure-head and a very straight bow). Through the day, which
was very rainy, we kept looking from time to time through our glasses.
At 3 P.M. the Bishop came in: "Come along, Coley; I do believe it is the
'Southern Cross.'" So I hurried on waterproofs, knowing that we were
in for some mudlarking. Off we went, lugged down a borrowed boat to the
water, tide being out. I took one oar, a Maori another, and off we went,
Bishop steering. After twenty minutes' pull, or thereabouts, we met her,
jumped on board, and then such a broadside of questions and answers.
They had a capital passage. Two men who were invalided when they started
died on the voyage--one of dysentery, I think--all the rest flourishing,
the three women respectable and tidy-looking individuals, and two
children very well. After a while the Bishop and I went off to shore, in
one of his boats, pulled by two of the crew, Lowestoft fishermen, fine
young fellows as you ever saw. Then we bought fresh meat, onions, bread,
etc., for them, and so home by 7 P.M. "Mudlarking" very slight on this
occasion, only walking over the flat swamp of low-water marsh for a
quarter of a mile; but on Tuesday we had a rich scene. Bishop and I went
to the "Duke of Portland" and brought off the rest of our things; but
it was low-water, so the boats could not come within a long way of the
beach, and the custom is for carts to go over the muddy sand, which is
tolerably hard, as far into the water as they can, perhaps two and a
half or three feet deep when it is quite calm, as it was on Tuesday.
Well, in went our cart, which had come from the College, with three
valuable horses, while the Bishop and I stood on the edge of the water.
Presently one of the horses lost his footing, and then all at once all
three slipped up, and the danger was of their struggling violently and
hurting themselves. One of those in the shafts had his head under water,
too, for a time. Instanter Bishop and I had our coats off, my trousers
were rolled over my knees, and in we rushed to the horses. Such a
plunging and splashing! but they were all got up safe. This was about 4
P.M., and I was busy about the packages and getting them into the carts,
unloading at Mr. Kissling's till past 8; but I did not catch cold.
Imagine an English Bishop with attending parson cutting into the water
up to their knees to disentangle their cart-horses from the harness in
full view of every person on the beach. "This is your first lesson in
mudlarking, Coley," was the remark of the Bishop as we laughed over our
respective appearance.

'July 21.--I was finishing my sermon for the soldiers to-morrow at
11.30, when Mr. Kissling came in to say that the schooner just come into
the harbour was the vessel which had been sent to bring Mr. and Mrs.
Nihill from Nengone or Mare Island. He was in very bad health when he
went there, and great doubts were entertained as to his coming back. I
was deputed to go and see. I ran a good part of the way to the town
on to the pier, and there heard that Mr. Nihill was dead. An old
acquaintance of Mrs. Nihill was on the pier, so I thought I should be in
the way, and came back, told Mrs. Kissling, and went on to the Judge's,
and told Mrs. Martin and Mrs. Selwyn. Whilst there we saw a boat land a
young lady and child on the beach just below the house, and they sent
me down. Pouring with rain here on the beach, taking shelter in a
boat-house with her brother, I found this poor young widow; and so,
leaning on my arm, she walked up to the house. I just waited to see
Mrs. Selwyn throw her arms round her neck, and then walked straight off,
feeling that the furious rain and wind chimed in with a violent struggle
which was just going on in my own mind. I go through such scenes firmly
enough at the time, but when my part is over I feel just like a child,
and I found the tears in my eyes; for the universal sympathy which has
been expressed by everyone here for the lonely situation of the Nihills
at Nengone made me feel almost a personal interest in them. He was a
good linguist, and his loss will be severely felt by the Bishop.

'August 14.--I marked out to-day some pretty places for the two wooden
houses for the "Southern Cross" sailors at Kohimarama (Focus of Light),
a quiet retired spot, with a beautiful sparkling beach, the schooner
lying just outside the little bay a third of a mile off. Forty or fifty
acres of flat pasturage, but only sixteen properly cleared, and then an
amphitheatre of low hills, covered with New Zealand vegetation. I
passed fine ferns to-day quite thirty feet in the stem, with great
spreading-fronds, like branches of the Norfolk Island pine almost.

'On the 17th of August came the welcome mail from home. "Oh what a
delight it is to see your dear handwriting again!" is the cry in the
reply. Father's I opened first, and read his letter, stopping often
with tears of thankfulness in my eyes to thank God for enabling him not
to be over-anxious about me, and for the blessing of knowing that he was
as well as usual, and also because his work, so distasteful to him, was
drawing to a close. Then I read Fan's, for I had a secret feeling that I
should hear most from her about Alfington.'

On the evening of that day he wrote to Fanny. In answer to the
expression of the pain, of separation, he says:--


'There is One above who knows what a trial it is to you. For myself,
hard as it is, and almost too hard sometimes, yet I have relief in the
variety and unceasing-multiplicity of my occupations. Not a moment of
any day can I be said to be idle. Literally, I have not yet had a minute
to untie my "Guardians;" but for you, with more time for meditating,
with no change of scene, with every object that meets you at home and in
your daily walks reminding you of me, it must indeed be such a trial as
angels love to look upon when it is borne patiently, and with a perfect
assurance that God is ordering all things for our good; and so let us
struggle on to the end. All good powers are on our side, and we shall
meet by the infinite mercy one day when there shall be no separation for
ever.

'I read on in your letter till I came to "Dear Coley, it is very hard to
live without you,"--and I broke down and cried like a child. I was quite
alone out in the fields on a glorious bright day, and it was the relief
I had longed for. The few simple words told me the whole story, and I
prayed with my whole heart that you might find strength in the hour of
sadness. Do (as you say you do) let your natural feelings work; do not
force yourself to appear calm, do not get excited if you can help it;
but if your mind is oppressed with the thought of my absence, do not try
to drive it away by talking about something else, or taking up a book,
etc.; follow it out, see what it ends in, trace out the spiritual help
and comfort which have already, it may be, resulted from it, the growth
of dependence upon God above; meditate upon the real idea of separation,
and think of Mamma and Uncle Frank.'


'August 26, 1855, 10.40 P.M.: S. Stephen's, Auckland. 'My dear
Arthur,--I am tired with my Sunday work, which is heavy in a colony,
but I just begin my note on the anniversary of your dear, dear father's
death. How vividly I remember all the circumstances of the last ten
days--the peaceful, holy, happy close of a pure and well-spent life! I
do so think of him, not a day passing without my mind dwelling on him; I
love to find myself calling up the image of his dear face, and my heart
is very full when I recollect all his love for me, and the many, many
tokens of affection which he used to pour out from his warm, generous,
loving heart. I can hardly tell you what an indescribable comfort it is
to me now I think of these things, cut off from the society and sympathy
of friends and the associations of home; the memory is very active in
recalling such scenes, and I almost live in them again. I have very
little time for indulging in fancies of any kind now; I begin to get
an idea of what work is; but in my walks or at night (if I am awake),
I think of dear Mamma and your dear father, and others who are gone
before, with unmixed joy and comfort. You may be quite sure that I am
not likely to forget anybody or anything connected with home. How I do
watch and follow them through the hours of the day or night when we are
both awake and at our work! I turn out at 6.45, and think of them at
dinner or tea; at 10, I think of them at evening prayers; and by my
own bed-time they are in morning church or busied about their different
occupations, and I fancy I can almost see them.

'So it goes on, and still I am calm and happy and very well; and I think
I am in my place and hope to be made of some use some day. I like the
natives in this school very much. The regular wild untamed fellow is
not so pleasant at first--dirty, unclothed, always smoking, a mass of
blankets, his wigwam sort of place filthy; his food ditto; but then he
is probably intelligent, hospitable, and not insensible to the advantage
of hearing about religion. It only wants a little practice to overcome
one's English feelings about dress, civilisation, etc., and that will
soon come.

'But here the men are nice fellows, and the women and girls make capital
servants; and so whereas many of the clergy and gentry do not keep a
servant (wages being enormous), and ladies like your sisters and mine
do the whole work of the housemaid, nursery-maid, and cook (which I have
seen and chatted about with them), I, on the contrary, by Miss Maria (a
wondrous curly-headed, black-eyed Maori damsel, arrayed in a "smock,"
weiter nichts), have my room swept, bed made, tub--yes, even in New
Zealand--daily filled and emptied, and indeed all the establishment will
do anything for me. I did not care about it, as I did all for myself
aboard ship; but still I take it with a very good grace.

'In about six weeks I expect we shall sail all round the English
settlement of New Zealand, and go to Chatham Island. This will occupy
about three months, and the voyage will be about 4,000 miles. Then we
start at once, upon our return, for four months in the Bush, among
the native villages, on foot. Then, once again taking ship, away for
Melanesia. So that, once off, I shall be roving about for nearly a year,
and shall, if all goes well, begin the really missionary life.

'It is late, and the post goes to morrow. Good-bye, my dear Arthur;
write when you can.

'Ever your affectionate

'J. C. PATTESON.'


'August 27.--I have just been interrupted by Mrs. Kissling, who came
to ask me to baptize privately the young son of poor Eota, the native
deacon, and his wife Terena. Poor fellow! This child was born two or
three days after he left this place for Taranaki with the Bishop, so
he has not seen his son as yet. He has one boy about four, and has lost
three or four others; and now this little one, about three weeks old,
seems to be dying. I was almost glad that the first time I baptized a
native child, using the native language, should be on Fan's birthday.
It was striking to see the unaffected sympathy of the natives here. The
poor mother came with the child in her arms to the large room. A table
with a white cloth in the centre, and nearly the whole establishment
assembled. I doubt if you would have seen in England grown-up men and
women more thoroughly in earnest. It was the most comforting private
baptism I ever witnessed.

'Henri has been for an hour or more this morning asking me questions
which you would seldom hear from farmers or tradesmen at home, showing a
real acquaintance with the Bible, and such a desire, hunger and thirst,
for knowledge. What was the manna in the wilderness? he began. He
thought it was food that angels actually lived upon, and quoted the
verse in the Psalm readily, "So man did eat angel's food." So I took
him into the whole question of the spiritual body; the various passages,
"meats for the belly," etc., our Lord's answer to the Sadducees, and so
on to 1 Cor. xv. Very interesting to watch the earnestness of the man
and his real pleasure in assenting to the general conclusion expressed
in 1 John iii. 2 concerning our ignorance of what we shall be, not
implying want of power on God's part to explain, but His divine will in
not withdrawing the veil wholly from so great a mystery. "E marama ana,"
(I see it clearly now): "He mea ngaro!" (a mystery). His mind had wholly
passed from the carnal material view of life in heaven, and the idea
of food for the support of the spiritual body, and the capacity for
receiving the higher truths (as it were) of Christianity showed itself
more clearly in the young New Zealander than you would find perhaps
in the whole extent of a country parish. I think that when I know
the language well enough to catechize freely, it will be far more
interesting, and I shall have a far more intelligent set of catechumens,
than in England. They seem especially fond of it, ask questions
constantly, and will get to the bottom of the thing, and when the
catechist is up to the mark and quick and wily in both question and
illustration, they get so eager and animated, all answering together,
quoting texts, etc. I think that their knowledge of the Bible is in some
sense attributable to its being almost the only book printed that they
care much about.'

The 11th of September produced another long letter full of home feeling,
drawn forth in response to his sister. Here are some extracts:--


'Sometimes I cannot help wishing that I could say all this, but not
often. There is One who understands, and in really great trials even, it
is well to lean only on Him. But I must write freely. You will not think
me moody and downhearted, because I show you that I do miss you,
and often feel lonely and shut up in myself. This is exactly what I
experience, and I think if I was ill, as you often are, I should break
down under it; but God is very merciful to me in keeping me in very good
health, so that I am always actively engaged every day, and when night
comes I am weary in body, and sleep sound almost always, so that the
time passes very rapidly indeed, and I am living in a kind of dream,
hardly realizing the fact of my being at half the world's distance from
you, but borne on from day to day, I scarcely know how. Indeed, when
I do look back upon the past six months, I have abundant cause to be
thankful. I never perhaps shall know fully how it is, but somehow, as a
matter of fact, I am on the whole cheerful, and always busy and calm in
mind. I don't have tumultuous bursts of feeling and overwhelming floods
of recollection that sweep right away all composure. Your first letters
upset me more than once as I re-read them, but I think of you all
habitually with real joy and peace of mind. And I am really happy, not
in the sense that happiness presents itself always, or exactly in the
way that I used to feel it when with you all, or as I should feel it if
I were walking up to the lodge with my whole heart swelling within me.
It is much more quiet and subdued, and does not perhaps come and go
quite as much; but yet in the midst of all, I half doubt sometimes
whether everything about and within me is real. I just move on like a
man in a dream, but this again does not make me idle. I don't suppose I
ever worked harder, on the whole, than I do now, and I have much anxious
work at the Hospital. Such cases, Fan! Only two hours ago, I left a
poor sailor, by whose side I had been kneeling near three-quarters of an
hour, holding his sinking head and moistening his mouth with wine, the
dews of death on his forehead, and his poor emaciated frame heaving like
one great pulse at each breath. For four days that he has been there
(brought in a dying state from the Merchantman) I have been with him,
and yesterday I administered to him the Holy Communion. He had spoken
earnestly of his real desire to testify the sincerity of his repentance
and faith and love. I have been there daily for nine days, but I cannot
always manage it, as it is nearly two miles off. The responsibility is
great of dealing with such cases, but I trust that God will pardon
all my sad mistakes. I cannot withhold the Bread of Life when I see
indications of real sorrow for sin, and the simple readiness to obey the
command of Christ, even though there is great ignorance and but little
time to train a soul for heaven. I cannot, as you may suppose, prepare
for my Sunday work as I ought to do, from want of time. Last Sunday
I had three whole services, besides reading the Communion Service
and preaching at 11 A.M., and reading Prayers at 5 P.M. I should have
preached five times but that I left my sermon at Mr. T.'s, thinking to
go back for it.... Mrs. K. gave me an old "Woolmer" the other day, which
gladdened my eyes. Little bits of comfort come in, you see, in these
ways. Nothing can be kinder than the people here, I mean in Auckland and
its neighbourhood--real, simple, hearty kindness. Perhaps the work at
Kohimarama is most irksome to me. It is no joke to keep sailors in good
humour ashore, and I fear that our presence on board was much needed
during the passage out.'

With reference to his sister's reading, he continues:--'Take care of
Maurice, Fan; I do not think it too much to say that he is simply and
plainly "unsound" on the doctrine of the Atonement; I don't charge him
with heresy from his stand-point, but remember that you have not been
brought into contact with Quakers, Socinians, &c., and that he may
conceive of a way of reconciling metaphysically difficulties which a
far inferior but less inquisitive and vorsehender geist pronounces
for itself simply contrary to the word of God. There are two Greek
prepositions which contain the gist of the whole matter, huper, in
behalf of, and anti, instead of, in the place of. Maurice's doctrine
goes far to do away with the truth of the last, as applied to the
Sacrifice of Christ. I have an exceedingly high regard for him, and
respect for his goodness no less than his ability. His position
has exposed him to very great difficulties, and therefore, if he is
decidedly wrong, it is not for us to judge him. Read his "Kingdom of
Christ," and his early books; but he is on very slippery and dangerous
ground now. It is indeed a great and noble task to propose to oneself,
viz.--to teach that God is our Father, and to expose the false and most
unhappy idea that has at times prevailed of representing God as actuated
by strong indignation, resentment, &c., against the human race, so that
men turned from Him as from some fearful avenging power. This is the
worst form of Anthropomorphism, but this is not the Scriptural idea of a
just God. We cannot, perhaps, conceive of absolute justice; certainly we
are no judges of God's own revealed scheme of reconciling Justice with
Law, and so I call Maurice's, to a certain extent, human teaching, more
philosophy than religion, more metaphysics than revelation.'

On the 22nd the Ordination took place, and the second Maori deacon was
ordained, Levi (or according to Maori pronunciation, Eivata) Ahea, a man
of about thirty-eight, whose character had long been tested. Immediately
after, the Bishop, Mrs. Selwyn, Mr. Patteson, and the new deacon, set
forth on a coasting expedition in the new vessel.

The language of the journal becomes nautical, and strong in praise of
the conduct of the little ship, which took the party first to Nelson,
where Sunday, the 7th of October, was spent, the Bishop going ashore
while Patteson held a service for the sailors on board, first going
round to the vessels anchored in the harbour to invite the men's
attendance, but without much success. On the 10th he wrote:--

'Already I feel to a certain extent naturalized. I do not think I should
despair of qualifying myself in three months for the charge of a native
parish. I don't mean that I know the niceties of the language so as to
speak it always correctly, but I should be able to communicate with
them on ordinary subjects, and to preach and catechize. But, after all,
Melanesia is becoming more and more a substantial reality.'

The history of Bishop Selwyn's visitation hardly belongs to Patteson's
life; but after one Sunday morning's ministration at Queen Charlotte's
Sound, Patteson was thus entreated: 'At 2.30 I was on shore again, and
soon surrounded by some thirty or forty natives, with whom I talked a
long while about the prospect of a clergyman being settled among them.
"We want you! You speak so plainly, we can understand you!"

'"No, I am going to the islands, to the blacks there." (N.B. The Maoris
speak of the Blacks with a little touch of contempt.)

'"You are wanted here! Never mind the blacks!"

'"Ought not the Gospel to be preached to them, too? They have no
teacher. Is it not right they should be taught as you have been?"

'"Ke rae tika ana. Yes, yes, that is right!"'

The settlements, then new, of Canterbury and Dunedin were visited, and
then, the Bishop remaining on shore on other work, the 'Southern Cross'
started for the Chatham Isles, gaining high commendation for all the
good qualities of which a schooner could be supposed capable.

'It was pretty to see the little, vessel running away from the great
broad-backed rollers which rolled over the shore far above. Every now
and then she shipped a sea, and once her deck was quite full of water,
up to the gunwale nearly.' And as for her future skipper, he says, 'I
had plenty of work at navigation. It really is very puzzling at first;
so much to remember--currents, compass, variation, sun's declination,
equation of time, lee way, &c. But I think I have done my work pretty
well up to now, and of course it is a great pleasure as well as a
considerable advantage to be able to give out the true and magnetic
course of the ship, and to be able from day to day to give out her
position.'

The Chatham Islands are dependencies of New Zealand, inhabited by
Maoris, and as it has fallen to the lot of few to visit them, here is
this extract concerning them:--

'I buried a man there, a retired sea captain who had spent some twenty
years of his life in China, and his widow was a Chinese woman, a little
dot of a thing, rather nice-looking. She spoke a little English and
more Maori. We walked through the Pa to the burial-ground, some twenty
natives all dressed in black, i.e. something black about them, and many
in a good suit, attending the funeral. Levi had spent the day before
(Sunday) with them and had told them about me. As I approached the
Pa before the funeral they all raised the native cry of welcome, the
"Tangi." I advanced, speaking to them collectively, and then went
through the ceremony of shaking hands with each one in order as they
stood in a row, saying something, if I could think of it, to each. After
the funeral they all (according to native custom) sat down in the open
air, round a large cloth on the ground, on which were spread tins of
potatoes, fish, pork, &c. The leader came to me and said, "This is the
Maori fashion. Come, my friend, and sit with us," and deposited three
bottles of beer at my feet, while provisions enough for Dan Lambert were
stored around--a sort of Homeric way of honouring me, and perhaps they
made a Benjamin of me. However, I had already eaten a mouldy biscuit and
had a glass of beer at the house of the Chinawoman, so I only said grace
for them, and after talking a little while, I shook hands all round and
went off. Their hands, being used as knives and forks, were not a little
greasy; but of course one does not think of that.

As I passed the end of the Pa I heard a cry, and saw a very old man with
a perfectly white beard, too old to come to the feast, who had crawled
out of his hut to see me. He had nothing on but a blanket, and I was
sorry I had not known of his being there, that I might have gone to the
old gentleman, so we talked and shook hands, and I set off for my eight
miles walk back. The whole island is one vast peat field, in many places
below in a state of ignition; then the earth crumbles away below and
pits are formed, rank with vegetation, splendid soil for potatoes.'

Christmas-day was spent at Wellington, in services on shore, the
Christmas dinner eaten on board, but the evening spent at the Governor's
in blind man's buff and other games with the children, then evening
prayers on board for the crew. The stay at Wellington was altogether
enjoyable, and it ended by Mr. Patteson taking the command of the
vessel, and returning with Mrs. Selwyn to Auckland, while the Bishop
pursued his journey by land, no small proof of the confidence inspired
by so recent a mariner. He was sorry to lose the sight of the further
visitation, and in his New Year's letter of 1856, written soon after
receiving a budget from home, there is one little touch of home
sickness:--

'Really it is a fine land, with wonderful facilities for large
manufacturing, commercial, and agricultural interests; worth visiting,
too, merely for the scenery, but somehow enjoying scenery depends a
good deal upon having one's own friends to enjoy it with. One thing I
do enjoy thoroughly, and that is the splendid sunsets. I don't remember
anywhere to have seen such fine soft golden sunsets; and they are
not wanting in variety, for occasionally he goes to bed among red and
crimson and purple clouds, with wild scuds flying above, which suggest
to me the propriety of turning up my bed and looking out for a good roll
in the night. But there is certainly a peculiar transparency in the air
which makes the distances look distant indeed.'

This trip, so cheerfully described, was rather a pull on the frame which
had yet to become seasoned to the heat of the southern midsummer, and
there was a languor about the outward man, the last remnant of the
original sluggishness, which, if ever a doubt arose of the fitness
of the instrument for the work, awoke it during the voyage. There was
depression likewise, in part, no doubt, from the spending the first
Christmas away from home and friends, and partly from a secret
disappointment at the arrangement which made him for a time
acting-master, not to say steward, of the ship, so that he had to live
on board of her, and make himself useful on Sundays, according to need,
in the churches on shore, a desultory life very trying to him, but
which he bore with his usual quiet determination to do obediently and
faithfully the duty laid on him, without picking or choosing.

The journal-letters continue on the 17th of January: 'Wrote a Maori
sermon this morning, not feeling able yet to preach extempore in the
native language, though it is much better to do so as soon as I can. Now
I must stick to the vessel again. I have been quite frisky, really, for
two days past, and have actually slept on shore, the fourth time since
September 24. The sensation is exceedingly pleasant of firm ground
underneath and clean water, a basin, &c., to wash in. And yet I almost
like coming back to my ship home: it is really very comfortable, and you
know I always liked being a good deal alone. I am reading, for lightish
reading, the first part of the third volume of Neander's Church History,
which is all about Missions. It is the fifth volume in the way his works
are usually bound up, and came out in this box the other day. It is very
interesting, especially to me now, and it is curious to observe how
much the great men insisted upon the necessity of attending to the more
secular part of missionary work,--agriculture, fishing, and other means
of humanizing the social condition of the heathen among whom they lived.
Columbanus and Boniface, and his pupil Gregory, and others (all the
German Missionaries, almost) just went on the plan the Bishop wants to
work out here.

'2. P.M. I am off to Otaki to see my native parishioners. What different
work from calling in at S. W.'s and other good Alfingtonians! The walk
will be pleasant, especially as I have been grinding away at navigation
all the morning. My stupid head gets puzzled at that kind of work; and
yet it is very good for me, just because it requires accuracy.

'29th. Just as I am beginning to get some hold of the Maori, so as to
make real use of it, the Island languages are beginning to come into
work. I have a curious collection here now--some given by the Judge, who
is a great philologist, others belonging to the Bishop--a MS. grammar
here, one chapter of St. Mark in another language, four Gospels in
a third, a few chapters of Kings with the Lord's Prayer in a fourth,
besides Marsden's Malay grammar and lexicon. Mrs. Nihill has given me
some few sheets of the Nengone language, and also lent me her husband's
MS. grammar. One letter, written (--);, but pronounced a sort of rg in the
throat, yet not like an ordinary guttural, she declares took two
years to learn. You may fancy I have enough to do, and then all my
housekeeping affairs take up a deal of time, for I not only have to
order things, but to weigh them out, help to cut out and weigh the meat,
&c., and am quite learned in the mysteries of the store-room, which to
be sure is a curious place on board ship. I hope you are well suited
with a housekeeper: if I were at home I could fearlessly advertise
for such a situation. I have passed through the preliminary steps of
housemaid and scullerymaid, and now, having taken to serving out stores,
am quite qualified for the post, especially after my last performance of
making bread, and even a cake.'

This seems to be the right place for the description which the wife of
Chief Justice Martin gives of Mr. Patteson at this period. The first
meeting, she says, 'was the beginning of an intimate friendship, which
has been one of the great blessings of our lives. After a short stay
at St. John's College, he came into residence at St. Stephen's native
institution, of which Archdeacon Kissling was then the Principal. He
learned rapidly to read and speak Maori, and won all hearts there by his
gentle unassuming manners. My husband was at that time a great invalid,
and as our dear friend was living within five minutes' walk of our house
he came in whenever he had a spare half-hour. He used to bring Archer
Butler's sermons to read with us, and I well remember the pleasant
talks that ensued. The two minds were drawn together by common tasks and
habits of thought. Both had great facility in acquiring languages, and
interest in all questions of philology. Both were also readers of German
writers on Church history and of critical interpretation of the New
Testament, and I think it was a help to the younger man to be able to
discuss these and kindred subjects with an older and more trained mind.
I had heard much of our dear friend before he arrived, and I remember
feeling a little disappointed at first, though much drawn to him by his
gentle affectionate thoughtfulness and goodness. He said little about
his future work. He had come obedient to the call and was quietly
waiting to do whatever should be set him to do. As my husband a few
months later told Sir John Patteson, there was no sudden flame of
enthusiasm which would die down, but a steady fire which would go on
burning. To me he talked much of his home. He used to walk beside my
pony, and tell me about "his dear father"--how lovingly his voice used
to linger over those words!--of the struggle it had been to leave him,
of the dreariness of the day of embarkation. Years after he could hardly
bear to recall it to mind. I remember his bright look the first day it
became certain that we must visit England. "Why, then you will see my
dear father, and tell him all about me!" I knew all his people quite
well before, and when I went to visit his little parish of Alfington I
seemed to recognise each cottage and its humble inmates, so faithfully
had he described his old people and haunts.

'One thing that specially impressed me was his reverent appreciation of
the good he had gained from older friends. He certainly had not imbibed
any of the indifference to the opinion of elders ascribed to the youth
of this generation. "Dear old tutor," his uncles, Sir John Coleridge and
Dr. Coleridge, to whom he looked up with almost filial reverence, the
beloved Uncle Frank, whose holy life and death he dwelt on with a sort
of awe, how gratefully and humbly he spoke of the help he had got
from them! He was full of enthusiasm about music, painting, and art in
general. He would flow on to willing listeners of Mendelssohn and other
great composers, and when he found that we hoped to visit Italy he was
just as eager about pictures. He owned that both at Dresden and at Rome
he had weakened his eyes by constant study of his favourite masters.

'Altogether he gave me the impression of having had a very happy youth
and having enjoyed it thoroughly. His Eton and Oxford life, the society
of men of thought at his father's house, home interests, foreign travel,
art, happy days with his brother Jem in the Tyrol, were all entertained
as pleasant memories, and yet he was able without conscious effort or
struggle to put them all aside for his work's sake.

'The Bishop kindly gave us a passage to Wellington in the "Southern
Cross," and Mr. Patteson went with us in charge of the vessel. We were
five days at sea. I used to lie on the deck, and watch with amused
interest the struggle going on between his student habits and his
practical duties, which were peculiarly distasteful to him. He was
never quite well at sea, but was headachy and uncomfortable. He was
scrupulously neat and clean, and the dirt and stiffness displeased
him--how much we never knew, till he spoke out one day when very ill
at our house in 1870. He was not apt at teaching, but he used
conscientiously to hear a young lad spell and read daily. He would come
up with some book of thought in his hand, and seemed buried in it, till
he suddenly would remember he ought to be directing or overlooking in
some way. This would happen half a dozen times in an afternoon.

'He shrank at this time from finding fault. It was a positive distress
to him. At Wellington we parted. He seemed a little depressed, I
remember, as to what use he would be. I said: "Why, you will be the son
Timothy! This was after some years of partially failing health, when
these feelings had become habitual. I do not think they existed in
his earlier voyages so long waited for." His face brightened up at the
thought. "Yes, if I can release the Bishop of some of his anxieties,
that will be enough."'

No doubt he was depressed at parting with the Chief Justice and Mrs.
Martin, who were thoroughly home-like friends, and whose return was then
uncertain. His success as a sea-captain however encouraged him, and he
wrote as follows on his return:--


'Kohimarama: March 6, 1856.

"Southern Cross."

'My dear Miss Neill,--How kind of you to write to me, and such a nice
long letter. It cost you a great effort, I am sure, and much pain, I
fear; but I know it was a comfort to you that it was written, and
indeed it was a great happiness to me to read it. Oh, these letters! The
intense enjoyment of hearing about you all at home, I know no pleasure
like it now. Fond as I always was of reading letters and papers, the
real happiness of a mail from England now is quite beyond the conception
of any but a wanderer in foreign parts. Our mail went out yesterday at 2
P.M., rather unluckily for me, as I only returned from a very rapid and
prosperous voyage to Wellington yesterday morning.

'I took the Chief Justice and Mrs. Martin (such dear, excellent people)
to Wellington to meet the "Seringa-patam," homeward bound from that
port; and I brought back from Wellington the Governor's sick wife and
suite. Only absent a fortnight for a voyage of 1,100 miles, including
three days' stay at Wellington. The coast of New Zealand is so
uncertain, and the corners so many in coasting from Auckland to
Wellington, that the usual passage occupies seven or eight days; and
when the "Southern Cross" appeared yesterday morning in harbour, I was
told by several of the officers and other residents that they feared we
had put back from foul weather, or because the Judge could not bear the
motion of the vessel. They scarcely thought we could actually have been
to Wellington and returned.

'Most thankful am I for such a fine passage, for I had two sets of
invalids, the Judge being only now (as we trust) recovering from
a severe illness, and Mrs. Martin very weakly; and I felt the
responsibility of having the charge of them very much. This was my
second trip as "Commodore," the Bishop still being on his land journey;
but we expect him in Auckland at the end of the month. As you may
suppose, I am getting on with my navigation, take sights, of course,
and work out errors of watches, place of ship, &c.; it is pretty and
interesting work, and though you know well enough that I have no turn
for mathematics, yet this kind of thing is rendered so easy nowadays
by the tables that are constructed for nautical purposes, that I do not
think I should feel afraid of navigating a ship at all. The "seamanship"
is another thing, and that the master of the ship is responsible for....
You ask me, dear Miss Neill, where I am settled. Why, settled, I suppose
I am never to be: I am a missionary, you know, not a "stationary." But,
however, my home is the "Southern Cross," where I live always in harbour
as well as at sea, highly compassionated by all my good friends here,
from the Governor downwards, and highly contented myself with the sole
possession of a cosy little cabin nicely furnished with table, lots of
books, and my dear father's photograph, which is an invaluable treasure
and comfort to me. In harbour I live in the cabin. It is hung round with
barometers (aneroids), sympie-someters, fixed chest for chronometers,
charts, &c. Of course, wherever the "Southern Cross" goes I go too, and
I am a most complete skipper. I feel as natural with my quadrant in my
hand as of old with a cricket bat. Then I do rather have good salt-water
baths, and see glorious sunsets and sunrises, and star-light nights, and
the great many-voiced ocean, the winds and waves chiming all night with
a solemn sound, lapping against my ear as I lie in my canvas bed, six
feet by two and a half, and fall sound asleep and dream of home. Oh!
there is much that is really enjoyable in this kind of life; and if the
cares of the vessel, management of men, &c., do harass me sometimes, it
is very good for me; security from such troubles having been anxiously
and selfishly pursued by me at home.

'If it please God to give success to our mission work, I may some day be
"settled" (if I live) on some one of the countless islands of the South
Pacific, looking after a kind of Protestant Propaganda College for the
education of teachers and missionaries from among the islanders, but
this is all uncertain.

'Now good-bye, my dear Miss Neill. I never doubt that in all your
sufferings God does administer abundant sources of consolation to you.
Even my life, so painless and easy, is teaching me that we judge of
these things by a relative standard only, and I can conceive of one duly
trained and prepared for heaven that many most blessed anticipations of
future rest may be vouchsafed in the midst of extreme bodily pain. It is
in fact a kind of martyrdom, and truly so when borne patiently for the
love of Christ.

'Always, my dear Miss Neill,

'Your very affectionate,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The Sundays were days of little rest. Clergy were too scarce for one
with no fixed cure not to be made available to the utmost, and the
undeveloped state of the buildings and of all appliances of devotion
fell heavily and coldly on one trained to beauty, both of architecture
and music, though perhaps the variety of employment was the chief trial.
His Good Friday and Easter Sunday's journal show the sort of work that
came on him:--

'Taurarua, Good Friday.--I am tired, for walking about in a hot sun,
with a Melanesian kit, as we call them, slung round the neck, with
clothes and books, is really fatiguing. Yesterday and to-day are just
samples of colonial work. Thursday, 7.30, prayers in chapel; 10.30,
Communion service in chapel. Walked two miles to see a parishioner of
the Archdeacon's. 1.30, dinner; 2.30, walked to Taurarua, five and a
half miles, in a burning sun; walked on to Mr. T.'s and back again,
three miles and a half more. 7, tea, wrote a sermon and went to bed.
To-day, service and sermon, for 600 soldiers at 9; Communion service
and preached at 11. Back to Taurarua after three miles' walk, on to
the College, and read prayers at 7. Not much work, it is true, but
disjointed, and therefore more fatiguing. I do sometimes long almost for
the rest of English life, the quiet evening after the busy day; but I
must look on to a peaceful rest by and by; meanwhile work away, and to
be sure I have a grand example in the Bishop.

'Easter Day.--I was at Tamaki chapel, a cold, bare, barn-like building
of scoria, all this country being of volcanic origin. Fifty persons
present perhaps: two or three faint female voices, two or three rough
most discordant male voices, all the attempt at singing. No instrument
of any kind. The burthen of trying to raise the tone of the whole
service to a really rejoicing thankful character wholly, I suppose,
upon myself, and I so unequal to it. But the happy blessed services
themselves, they gradually absorbed the mind, and withdrew it from all
relative and comparative ideas of externals of worship. What a training
it is here for the appreciation of the wondrous beauty of our Church
services, calming all feeling of excitement and irreverent passionate
zeal, and enabling one to give full scope to the joy and glory of
one's heart, without, I hope, forgetting to rejoice with reverence and
moderation. Here, at Tamaki, you have nothing but the help the services
themselves give, and I suppose that is very good for one in reality,
though at the time it makes one feel as if something was wanting in the
hearty sympathy and support of earnest fellow-worshippers. The College
chapel nicely decorated.

'1st Sunday after Easter: Taurarua.--I walked in from the College
yesterday afternoon, took the soldiers' service at 9.15 A.M., Communion
service and sermon at St. Matthew's at 11, Hospital at 2.30. Preached at
St. Paul's at 6 P.M., reminding me of my Sunday's work when I was
living at St. Stephen's. It is a comfort to have a Sunday in Auckland
occasionally--more like a Sunday, with a real church, and people
responding and singing.'

So passed that first year, which many an intending missionary before
Patteson has found a crucial test which he has not taken into his
calculations. The soreness of the wrench from home is still fresh,
and there is no settled or regular work to occupy the mind, while the
hardships are exactly of the kind that have not been anticipated, and
are most harassing, though unsatisfying to the imagination, and all this
when the health is adapting itself to a new climate, and the spirits
are least in time, so that the temper is in the most likely condition
to feel and resent any apparent slight or unexpected employment. No one
knows how many high hopes have sunk, how many intended workers have been
turned aside, by this ordeal of the first year.

Patteson, however, was accepting whatever was distasteful as wholesome
training in the endurance of hardships, and soon felt the benefit he
reaped from it. The fastidiousness of his nature was being conquered,
his reluctance to rebuke forced out of being a hindrance, and no doubt
the long-sought grace of humility was rendered far more attainable by
the obedient fulfilment of these lowly tasks.




CHAPTER VII. THE MELANESIAN ISLES. 1856-1857.



And now, in his twenty-ninth year, after all the unconscious preparation
of his education, and the conscious preparation of two years, Coleridge
Patteson began the definite work of his life. Bishop Selwyn was to
sail with him in the "Southern Cross," making the voyage that had been
intermitted during the expedition to England, introducing him to the
Islands, and testing his adaptation to the work there. The first point
was, however, to be Sydney, with the hope of obtaining leave to use
Norfolk Island as the headquarters of the Mission. They meant to touch
there, weather permitting, on their way northward.

Ascension Day was always Bishop Selwyn's favourite time for starting,
so that the charge might be ringing freshly in his ears and those of his
companions, 'Go ye and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of
the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.'

There was morning service and Holy Communion at the little College
chapel on the 1st of May, Ascension Day of 1856; then the party went on
board, but their first start was only to Coromandel Bay, in order
that the Bishop might arrange a dispute with the Maoris, and they then
returned to Auckland to take up Mrs. Selwyn. The crew were five in
number, and Mr. Leonard Harper, son of the future Bishop of Lyttelton,
likewise accompanied them, and relieved Patteson of his onerous duties
as steward.

The first adventure was such a storm as the little vessel had never yet
encountered. The journal-letter thus describes it:--'On Saturday
morning it began to blow from the north-east, and for the first time
I experienced a circular gale or hurricane. Mrs. Somerville, I think,
somewhere describes the nature of them in her "Physical Geography."
The wind veered and hauled about a point or two, but blew from the
north-east with great force, till about seven P.M. we could do no more
with it and had to lie to. Ask old D. what that means, if you can't
understand my description of it. The principle of it is to set two small
sails, one fore and one aft, lash the rudder (wheel) amidships, make all
snug, put on hatches, batten everything down, and trust to ride out the
storm. As the vessel falls away from the wind by the action of one sail,
it is brought up to it again by the other-sail. Thus her head is always
kept to the wind, and she meets the seas, which if they caught her on
the beam or the quarter would very likely send her down at once. About
midnight on Saturday the wind suddenly chopped round to W.S.W., so that
we were near the focus of the gale; it blew harder and harder till we
took down the one sail forward, as the ropes and spars were enough for
the wind to act upon. From 1 P.M. to 7 P.M. on Sunday it blew furiously.
The whole sea was one drift of foam, and the surface of the water beaten
down almost flat by the excessive violence of the wind, which cut off
the head of every wave as it strove to raise itself, and carried it
in clouds of spray and great masses of water, driving and hurling it
against any obstacle, such as our little vessel, with inconceivable
fury. As I stood on deck, gasping for breath, my eyes literally unable
to keep themselves open, and only by glimpses getting a view of this
most grand and terrible sight, it seemed as if a furious snow-storm
was raging over a swelling, heaving, dark mass of waters. When anything
could be seen beyond the first or second line of waves, the sky and sea
appeared to meet in one cataract of rain and spray. A few birds were
driving about like spirits of the storm. It was, as Shakspeare calls it,
a regular hurly. Add to this the straining of the masts, the creaking of
the planks, the shrill whistle of the wind in the ropes and cordage, the
occasional crash of a heavy sea as it struck us with a sharp sound, and
the rush of water over the decks, down the companion and hatches, that
followed, and you have a notion of a gale of wind. And yet this was far
from all the wind and sea can do, and we were never in any danger, I
believe. That is, an unlucky sea at such a time may be fatal, and if
anything about the schooner had been unsound it might have been awkward.
At prayers, the Bishop read the prayer to be used in a storm, but I
never myself entertained the idea of our being really in peril, nor did
I suffer anything like the anxiety that I did when we were rounding Cape
Palliser on our way to Wellington with the Judge. Here we had sea room
and no fear of driving upon rocks. It is blowing a good deal now, as
you see by my writing. I have a small ink-bottle of glass, made like
an eel-pot (such as tax-gatherers use), tied to my buttonhole, and with
this I can scribble away in almost any sea. Dear me! you could not sit
still a minute, even now. I was qualmish on Saturday, and for a minute
sick, but pretty comfortable on Sunday, though wearied by the constant
pitching and rolling.'

The day after this, namely May 15, the Bishop and Mr. Patteson rowed
into Cascade Bay, Norfolk Island, amid a heavy surf, but they saw no
cascade, as there had been no rain for a long time; and there were only
rocks surmounted by pine trees, no living creature, no landing-place, as
they coasted along. At last they saw a smooth-looking rock with an iron
staple, and concluding that it was the way of approach, they watched
their time, and through the surf which broke over it they leapt on it,
and dashed ashore before the returning swell caught them. They walked
inland, and met a man, one of twelve convicts who had been left behind
to receive the Pitcairners, who had not yet arrived, but were on their
way from their original island in H.M.S. 'Juno.' The vegetation and
climate struck them as beautiful; there were oranges, lemons, sweet
potatoes, and common potatoes, and English vegetables, and the Norfolk
Island pine growing to a great height: 'but,' writes Coley, 'it is
coarser in the leaf and less symmetrical in shape than I had expected.
I thought to have seen the tree of Veitch's nursery garden on a scale
three or four times as large, and so I might have done in any of the
gardens; but as they grow wild in the forest, they are not so very
different from the more common fir tribe.'

They saw one house, but had little time, and getting down to the smooth
rock, stood there, barefooted, till the boat could back in between the
rollers; the Bishop leapt in at the first, and the boat made off at
once, and till it could return, Patteson had to cling to the clamps to
hinder himself from being washed off, as six or seven waves broke over
him before the boat could come near enough for another spring. These
difficulties in landing were one of the recommendations of the island,
by isolating the future inhabitants from the demoralising visits of
chance vessels.

Then followed some days of great enjoyment of the calm warmth of the
semi-tropical winter, chiefly varied by catching a young shark, and
contrasting him with his attendant pilot, as the ugliest and
prettiest of fish. Patteson used the calm to write (May 30) one of his
introspective letters, owning that he felt physical discomfort, and
found it hard to banish 'recollections of clean water, dry clothes,
and drink not tasting like medicine; but that he most of all missed the
perfect unconstrained ease of home conversation.'

Then he continues:--

'But now, don't you see, Fan, how good this is for me? If you think
impartially of me, as you recollect me, you will see how soft and
indolent I was, how easily I fell into self-indulgent habits, how little
I cared to exert myself and try and exercise the influence, etc., a
clergyman may be supposed to possess; there was nothing about me to
indicate energy, to fit me for working out a scheme and stamping my own
mind upon others who came in contact with me. Perhaps there is no one
person who can trace any sensible influence to anything I ever did or
said.

'Now I don't of course venture to say that this is otherwise now; but I
think that this is the best training to make it so. I think that I ought
to be gaining strength of purpose, resolution, energy of character,
under these circumstances. And observe, what should I be without some
such change pressing on me? Just imagine me, such a one as I was at
Alfington, alone on an island with twenty-five Melanesian boys, from
half as many different islands, to be trained, clothed, brought into
orderly habits, &c., the report of our proceedings made in some sort
the test of the working of the Mission; and all this to be arranged,
ordered, and worked out by me, who found H. B---- and W. P---- a care
too great for me.

'Don't you see that I must become very different from what I was--more of
a man; to say nothing of the higher and religious side of this question?
While then there is much that my carnal self-indulgent nature does not
at all like, and while it is always trying to rebel, my better sense and
the true voice within tells me that, independently of this particular
work requiring such a discipline, the discipline itself is good for the
formation of my own character.... Oh! the month of June at Feniton! the
rhododendrons, azaleas, and kalmias, the burst of flowers and trees, the
song of thrush and blackbird (both unknown to New Zealand). The green
meadows and cawing rooks, and church towers and Sunday bells, and the
bright sparkling river and leaping trout: and the hedges with primrose
and violet (I should like to see a hedge again); and I am afraid I must
add the green peas and beans, and various other garden productions,
which would make salt pork more palatable! Yes, I should like to see
it all again; but it is of the earth after all, and I have the
"many-twinkling smile of Ocean," though there is no soft woodland dell
to make it more beautiful by its contrast. Well, I have had a happy hour
scribbling away, and now to work.'

'I am less distressed now,' he adds, a few days later, in the same
strain, 'at the absence of all that is customary in England on these
occasions (great festivals), though I dare not say how far the loss of
all these privileges produces a bad effect upon my heart and character.
One often loses the spirit when the form is withdrawn, and I still
sorely long for the worship of God in the beauty of holiness, and my
mind reverts to Ottery Church, and college chapels and vast glorious
cathedrals.'

On the 10th of June the 'Southern Cross' was in Sydney harbour, and
remained there a fortnight, Bishop Barker gladly welcoming the new
arrivals, though in general Bishop Selwyn and his Chaplain announced
themselves as like the man and woman in the weather-glass, only
coming-out by turns, since one or other had to be in charge of the ship;
but later an arrangement was made which set them more at liberty.
And the churches at Sydney were a great delight to Patteson; the
architecture, music, and all the arrangements being like those among
which he had been trained.

'A Sunday worth a dozen gales of wind!' he exclaims, 'but you can hardly
judge of the effect produced by all the good substantial concomitants
of Divine worship upon one who for fourteen months has scarcely seen
anything but a small wooden church, with almost all the warmth of
devotion resting on himself. I feel roused to the core. ...I felt the
blessing of worshipping the Lord with a full heart in the beauty of
holiness. A very good organ well played, and my joy was great when we
sang the long 78th Psalm to an old chant of itself almost enough to
upset me, the congregation singing in parts with heart and voice.'

His exhilaration showed itself in a letter to his little cousin, Paulina
Martin:--


"Southern Cross," Sydney Harbour: June 18, 1856.

'My darling Pena,--Are you so anxious to have a letter from me, and do
you think I am going to forget all about you? However, you have had long
before this two or three letters from me, I hope, and when I write to
grandpapa or grandmamma or mamma, you must always take it as if a good
deal was meant for you, for I have not quite so much time for writing
as you have, I dare say, in spite of music and French and history and
geography and all the rest of it. But I do dearly love to write to you
when I can, and you must be quite certain that I shall always do so as I
have opportunity.

'Don't you ever talk to me about any of your English watering-places and
sea-port towns! No one knows anything about what an harbour can be
for perfect beauty of earth, air, and sea, for wooded banks and rocky
heights, and fine shipping and handsome buildings, and all the bustle
and stir of a town of 80,000 inhabitants somehow lost and hidden among
gum trees and Norfolk Island pines and parks and gravel walks; and
everywhere the magnificent sea view breaking in upon the eye. Don't be
angry, darling, for I love Dawlish very much, and would sooner go and
sail the "Mary Jane" with you in some dear little basin among the rocks
at low tide, and watch all the little crabs and other creatures with
long Latin names, than walk about Sydney arm-in-arm with the Bishops of
New Zealand and Newcastle, to call on the Governor. But I must say what
I think about the natural scenery of places that I visit, and nowhere,
even in New Zealand--no, not even in Queen Charlotte's Sound, nor in
Banks's Peninsula, have I seen anything so completely beautiful as this
harbour--'"heoi ano" "that's enough." The Governor told us yesterday
that when he was at Hobart Town, he made the convicts cut a path through
one of the deep gullies running down from a mountain 4,500 feet high to
the sea. The path was two miles long, and all the way the tree-ferns,
between twenty and thirty feet high, formed a natural roof arched and
vaulted like the fretted roofs of our Tudor churches and chapels.
There is a botanical garden here with a very good collection of all
the Australian trees and shrubs, and with many New Zealand and many
semi-tropical plants besides. All the English flowers and fruits grow
here as well, so that in the warmer months it must look beautiful. It
is close to the sea, which runs here in little creeks and bays close up
among the public walks and buildings; and as the shore is all rocky and
steep at low water, there is no mud or swamp or seaweed, but only clear
green water quite deep and always calm and tranquil, because the harbour
is so broken up and diversified by innumerable islets, gulfs, &c., that
no wind can raise any sea of consequence in it.

'Just now it is winter time--slight frost at night, but no appearance
of it after the sun is up; bright hot days, and bracing cold nights, the
very perfection of a climate in winter, but in summer very hot. It is
so funny to me to see regular stone and brick houses, and shops, and
carriages, and cabs, &c., all quite new to me.

'To-night there is a great missionary meeting. Bishops of Sydney, New
Zealand, and Newcastle present. Bishop of Newcastle and a Mr. King
advocate the cause of the Australian blacks, and the Bishop of New
Zealand and unfortunate I have to speechify about Melanesia. What on
earth to say I don't know, for of course the Bishop will exhaust the
subject before me.

'However, I must try and not be in a great fright; but I would sooner by
half be going to have a talk with a parcel of Maoris. Now, you must get
Fanny Patteson to tell you all about our voyage from New Zealand, our
adventure at Norfolk Island, &c.

'We sail on Monday, 23rd, for Norfolk Island again, as it is in our way
to the Solomon group, because we shall get the S.E. trades just about
there, and so run away in style to the Solomon Islands, and perhaps
farther north still, but that is not probable this time.

'Always, my darling,

'Your affectionate cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


This meeting was called by the Australian Board of Missions to receive
information or propositions concerning the missions to the Australians
and Melanesians. Bishop Barker of Sydney was in the chair, and the
Bishop of Newcastle, who had made one Melanesian cruise in the 'Border
Maid,' was likewise present. The room was crowded to excess, and from
900 to 1,000 were certainly present, many more failing to get in.
Afterwards Patteson writes to his father:--

'The Bishop of New Zealand, in introducing me to the meeting, spoke
before all these people of you and me in a way that almost unnerved
me, and I had to speak next. What he said is not reported, or very
badly--calling me his dear friend, with his voice quivering--I never saw
him more, or so much affected--"I ought to be most thankful to God for
giving me so dear a companion, &c." But he spoke so of you, and people
here seemed to know of you, coming up to me, and asking about you,
after the meeting. The Bishop of Newcastle spoke of you most kindly, and
really with very great feeling. An evening I had dreaded ended happily.
Before I dined with the three Bishops; last night with Chief Justice Sir
Alfred Stephen, and met the trio again, Bishop everywhere speaking of me
as one of his family. "No, my boys are not with me; but we have my dear
friend Mr. Patteson." Of course all this exhibition of feeling never
comes out when we are alone, we know each other too well. And now the
romance of Mission work is over, and the real labour is to begin. There
has been bad work among the islands lately, but you know in whose hands
we are.'

The collections both at the door and on the following Sunday were very
large, and a strong warm feeling was excited in Sydney which has never
since died away. Mr. Patteson was much beloved there, and always met
with kind welcome and ready assistance from all classes. But there was
one great disappointment. The Bishop of New Zealand, on formally setting
before Sir William Denison, Governor-General of Australia, his plan
for making Norfolk Island the site of a school for training Melanesian
teachers, and eventually the seat of a bishopric, received a refusal,
and was not permitted even to place a chaplain there. Sir William, as
he tells us in his published diary, had heard from some quarter or other
rumours respecting the Melanesian scholars which made him suppose
that their presence might have a bad effect upon the Pitcairners; and
repeated that his instructions were that the islanders should be left as
much as possible to themselves. The request to be permitted to place Mr.
Patteson there was refused on the ground that Norfolk Island belonged to
the see of Tasmania, and not to that of New Zealand. But the Bishop of
Tasmania could hardly visit it without great inconvenience, and he had
therefore placed it under the care of his brother of New Zealand,
full in whose track it lay. The matter was referred to the Colonial
Secretary, and in the meantime Bishop Selwyn adhered to his purpose
of visiting it on leaving Sydney, and though he could not place his
chaplain there, leaving Mrs. Selwyn to assist in the work of training
the new comers to the novelties of a more temperate climate and a more
genial soil than they had known on the torrid rock of Pitcairn's Island.

Accordingly, on the 4th of July, the 'Southern Cross' again approached
the island, and finding that the Pitcairners had come, and that
their magistrate and Mr. Nobbs, their clergyman, would gladly welcome
assistance, the Bishop brought Mrs. Selwyn on shore, and left her there
to assist Mr. Nobbs in preparing the entire population to be confirmed
on his return. But the Pitcairners have been amply written about, and as
Coleridge Patteson's connection with them was only incidental, I shall
not dwell on them or their history.

The 'Southern Cross' reached Anaiteum on the 14th of July. This island
was occupied by Mr. Inglis and Mr. Greddie, of the Scottish Presbyterian
Mission, who had done much towards improving the natives. Small canoes
soon began to come off to the vessel, little craft consisting of no more
than the trunk of a tree hollowed out, seldom more than a foot broad,
and perhaps eighteen inches deep, all with outriggers--namely, a slight
wooden frame or raft to balance them, and for the most part containing
two men, or sometimes three or four. Before long, not less than fifteen
or twenty had come on board, with woolly hair and mahogany skins,
generally wearing a small strip of calico, but some without even this.
They were small men, but lithe and supple, and walked about the deck
quite at ease, chattering in a language no one understood except the
words 'Missy Inglis,' as they pointed to a house. Presently another
canoe arrived with a Samoan teacher with whom the Bishop could converse,
and who said that Mr. Geddie was at Mare. They were soon followed by a
whale boat with a Tahitian native teacher, a Futuma man, and a crew of
Anaiteans.

'The Futuma man had expended his energies upon his hair, which was
elaborately dressed after a fashion that precluded the possibility of
any attention being bestowed upon the rest of his person, which was
accordingly wholly unencumbered with any clothing. The perfection of
this art apparently consisted in gathering up about a dozen hairs
and binding them firmly with grass or fine twine of cocoa-nut fibre
plastered with coral lime. As the hair grows, the binding is lengthened
also, and only about four or five inches are suffered to escape from
this confinement, and are then frizzed and curled, like a mop or a
poodle's coat. Leonard Harper and I returned in this boat, Tahitian
steering, Samoan, Futuman, and Anaiteans making one motley crew. The
brisk trade soon carried us to the beach in front of Mr. Inglis's house,
and arrived at the reef I rode out pick-a-back on the Samoan, Leonard
following on a half-naked Anaitean. We soon found ourselves in the midst
of a number of men, women and children, standing round Mr. Inglis at the
entrance of his garden. I explained to him the reason of the Bishop's
being unable to land, that he alone knew the harbour on the other side
of island, and so could not leave the vessel.

'Then, having delivered the boxes and letters we had brought for him
from Auckland, we went into his house, gazing with delight at cocoanut
trees, bananas, breadfruit trees, citrons, lemons, taro, &c., with
bright tropical colouring thrown over all, lighting up the broad leaves
and thick foliage of the trees around us.

'The house itself is built, after the fashion of these islands, of
wattle plastered with coral lime, the roof thatched with the leaves of
the cocoa-nut and pandana; the fences of the garden were made of cane,
prettily worked together in a cross pattern; the path neatly kept,
and everything looking clean and tidy. We sat down in a small,
well-furnished room, and looked out upon the garden, verandah, and
groups of men and women standing outside. Presently Mrs. Inglis came
into the room, and after some discussion I was persuaded to stay all
night, since the schooner could not reach her anchorage before dark, and
the next day the water-casks were to be filled.

'An excellent dinner was provided: roast fowl with taro, a nutritious
root somewhat like potato, rice and jam, bananas and delicious fruit,
bread and Scotch cheese, with glasses of cocoa-nut milk.

'Afterwards he showed us the arrangements for boarding young men and
women--twelve of the former, and fourteen of the latter. Nothing could
well exceed the cleanliness and order of their houses, sleeping rooms,
and cooking rooms. The houses, wattled and plastered, had floors covered
with native mats, beds laid upon a raised platform running round the
inner room, mats and blankets for covering, and bamboo cane for a
pillow. The boys were, some writing, some making twine, some summing,
when we went in; the girls just putting on their bonnets, of their own
manufacture, for school.

'They learn all household work--cooking, hemming, sewing, &c.; the boys
tend the poultry, cows, cultivate taro, make arrowroot, &c. All of them
could read fluently, and all looked happy, clean, and healthy. The girls
wear their native petticoats of cocoa-nut leaves, with a calico body.
Boys wear trousers, and some had shirts, some waistcoats, and a few
jackets.

'We walked about a small wood adjoining the house, through which a small
fresh-water stream runs. In the wood we saw specimens of the various
trees and shrubs, and flowers of the island, including those already
noticed in Mr. Inglis's garden, and the breadfruit tree and sugar-cane,
and a beautiful bright flower of scarlet colour, a convolvulus, larger
than any I had ever seen elsewhere; also a tree bearing a very beautiful
yellow flower.

'We then returned to the house, and shortly afterwards went to the
church, which is at present used also as the school-house, though the
uprights of a larger school-house are already fixed in the ground.

'Men, women, and children to the number of ninety-four had assembled in
a large oblong building, wattled and plastered, with open windows on
all sides; mats arranged on the floor, and a raised platform or bench
running round the building for persons who prefer to sit after the
English, instead of the native fashion,

'All that were called upon to read did so fluently; the singing was
harsh and nasal enough, but in very good time; their counting very good,
and their writing on slates quite equal to the average performance, I
am satisfied, of a good English parish school. They listened attentively
when Mr. Inglis spoke to them, and when at his request I said a few
words, which he translated. The most perfect order and quiet prevailed
all the time we were in the school. At the end of the lessons they
came forward, and each one shook hands with Leonard Harper and myself,
smiling and laughing with their quick intelligent eyes, and apparently
pleased to see strangers among them.

'By this time it was dusk, and we went back to the Mission House, and
spent a pleasant evening, asking and answering questions about Anaiteum
and the world beyond it, until 8 P.M., when the boarders came to
prayers, with two or three persons who live about the place. They read
the third chapter of St. Matthew's Gospel in turns, verse by verse, and
then a prayer from Mr. Inglis followed. At 8.30 we had private family
prayers, and at 9 went to bed.

'July 16.--We got up at four, and were soon ready for our walk to the
south side of the Island; Mr. Inglis came with us, and ten or twelve
natives. For the first half-mile we walked along the beach among
cocoa-nut trees, bananas and sugar-canes, the sun, not yet above the
horizon, tingeing the light clouds with faint pink and purple lines,
the freshness of the early dawn, and the soft breeze playing about us,
gladdening at once our eyes and our hearts. Soon we struck off to the
south, and passing through taro plantations, began to ascend the slopes
of the island. As we walked along we heard the sound of the logs beaten
together, summoning the people to attend the various schools planted in
every locality, under the management of native teachers, and we had a
good opportunity of observing the careful system of irrigation adopted
by the natives for the cultivation of the taro plant. Following the
course of a small mountain stream, we observed the labour with which
the water was brought down from it upon causeways of earth, carried in
baskets from very considerable distances; occasionally the water-course
is led round the head of various small ravines; at other times the trunk
of a tree is hollowed out and converted into an aqueduct; but no pains
have been wanting to make provision for the growth of the staple food of
the island.'

From this scene of hope and encouragement the 'Southern Cross' sailed on
the sixteenth, and passing Erromango, came in sight of Fate, also called
Sandwich, a wooded island beautiful beyond description, but with a
bad character for cannibalism, and where the Samoan teachers had been
murdered. So the approach was cautious, and the vessel kept a mile from
the shore, and was soon surrounded with canoes, one of them containing a
native who had been instructed in Samoa, and was now acting as teacher.

'The first canoe that came had five men on board. Girdles of beautifully
plaited cocoa-nut fibre round their waists were their only clothing, but
some had wreaths of flowers and green leaves round their heads, and most
of them wore mother-of-pearl shells, beads, &c., round their necks and
in their ears. They do not tattoo, but brand their skins. All five came,
and presently three more, and then another; but seeing a large double
canoe with perhaps twenty men in her coming close, we stood away. Two of
our visitors chose to stay, and we have them on board now: Alsoff, a man
of perhaps forty-five, and Mospa, a very intelligent young man from whom
I am picking up words as fast as I can. F. would have laughed to have
seen me rigging them out in calico shirts, buttoning them up. Mospa gave
me his wooden comb, which they push through their hair, as you ladies do
coral or gold pins at parties. Another fellow whose head was elaborately
frizzled and plastered with coral lime, departed with one of my common
calico pocket-handkerchiefs with my name in Joan's marking. This is to
adorn his head, and for aught I know, is the first, and certainly the
best specimen of handwriting in the island. We hope to call at all these
islands on our way back from the north, but at present we only dodge a
few canoes, &c.

'July 20.--I suppose you like to know all little things, so I tell you
that our Fate friends, being presented each with a blanket, just wound
themselves up on the cabin floor, one close to Leonard and me, and slept
away in style; that I soon taught them to eat with a knife and fork, and
to-day have almost succeeded in making them believe that plum pudding
(our Sunday dish) is a fine thing.

'July 21.--All day we have been very slowly drifting along the west
side of Espiritu Santo. A grand mountainous chain runs along the whole
island, the peaks we estimate at 4,000 feet high. This alone is a fine
sight--luxuriant vegetation to nearly the top of the peaks, clouds
resting upon the summit of the range, from the evaporation caused by the
vast amount of vegetable matter.

'As we were lying to, about half-way along the coast, we espied a brig
at anchor close on shore. Manned the boat and rowed about two miles to
the brig, found it was under the command of a notorious man among the
sandal-wood traders for many a dark deed of revenge and unscrupulous
retaliation upon the natives. At Nengone he shot three in cold blood who
swam off to his ship, because the people of the place were said to be
about to attempt to take his vessel. At Mallicolo but lately I fear he
killed not less than eight, though here there was some scuffling and
provocation. For the Nengone affair he was tried for his life at Sydney,
Captain Erskine and the Bishop having much to do with his prosecution.
He is now dealing fairly (apparently) with these people, and is
certainly on very friendly terms with them. The Bishop has known him
many years, and baptized some years ago his only child, a son. We are
glad to let these men see that we are about in these seas, watching
what they do; and the Bishop said, "Mr. Patteson is come from England on
purpose to look after these islands," as much as to say, Now there will
be a regular visitation of them, and outrages committed on the natives
will probably be discovered.

'Well, on we rowed, half a mile to shore--such a lovely scene. A bend
in the coral reef made a beautiful boat harbour, and into it we rowed.
Clear as crystal was the water, bright as tropical sun at 2.30 P.M.
could make it was the foliage on the shore. Numbers of children and boys
were playing in the water or running about on the rocks and sands, and
there were several men about, all of course naked, and as they lead
an amphibious life they find it very convenient. They work little;
breadfruit trees, cocoa-nut trees, and bananas grow naturally, and the
yam and taro cultivations are weeded and tended by the women. They have
nothing to do but eat, drink, and sleep, and lie on the warm coral rock,
and bathe in the surf.

'There was no shyness on the part of the children, dear little fellows
from six to ten clustering round me, unable to understand my coat with
pockets, and what my socks could be--I seemed to have two or three
skins. The men came up and soon shook hands, but did not seem to know
the custom. A Nengone man was ashore, and with him I could talk a
little. Soon I was walking on shore arm-in-arm with him, stark naked,
and he was asking me about Mrs. Nihill and her child. A little boy of
the island held the other hand, and so, leaving the boat, we walked
inland into the bush to see a native village. Ten minutes' walk brought
us to it--cottages all of bamboos tied together with cocoa-nut fibre,
thatched with leaves, a ridge-pole and sloping roof on either side
reaching to the ground. No upright poles or side-walls; they were quite
open at the two ends, perhaps 20, 30, or even 40 feet long; the general
appearance clean and healthy. Their food was kept on raised stages as in
New Zealand, and they had plenty of earthenware pots and basins, some of
good shape, and all apparently strong and serviceable. Large wooden or
earthenware platters are used for stirring up and pounding the yams with
a heavy wooden pestle, and they have a peculiar way of scraping the yam,
on a wooden board roughened like a grater, into a pulp, and then boiling
it into a fine dough.

'They have plenty of pigs and dogs, which they eat, and some fowls.
Spears I saw none, but bows and arrows. I took a bow out of a man's
hand, and then an arrow, and fitted it to the string; he made signs that
he shot birds with it. Clubs they have, but as far as I saw only used
for killing pigs. There is a good deal of fighting on the island,
however. Recollect with reference to all these places, that an island
fifty or sixty miles long, one mass of forest with no path, is not like
an English county. It may take months to get an accurate knowledge of
one of them; we can only at present judge of the particular spots and
bays we touch at. But there is every indication here of friendliness,
of a gentle, soft disposition, and I hope we shall take away some of the
boys when we return. I never saw children more thoroughly attractive in
appearance and manner,--dear little fellows, I longed to bring off
some of them. You would have liked to have seen them playing with me,
laughing and jumping about. These people don't look half so well when
they have any clothes on, they look shabby and gentish; but seeing them
on shore, or just coming out of a canoe, all glistening with water,
and looking so lithe and free, they look very pleasant to the eye. The
colour supplies the place of clothing. The chief and most of the men
were unfortunately absent at a great feast held a few miles off, but
there were several women and many children.

'We went to their watering place, about a quarter or half a mile from
the beach, a picturesque spot in a part of the wood to which the water
from the hills is carried in canes of bamboo, supported on cross sticks.
The water was very clear and sweet, and one of our little guides soon
had a good shower-bath, standing under the shoot and then walking in the
sun till in a few minutes his glistening skin was dry again. Coming back
we met a man carrying water in cocoa-nut shells, six or eight hanging by
strings two feet long at each end of a bamboo cane slung across over
his shoulder, nicely balanced and very pretty. One of our party carried
perhaps two and a half gallons of water in a bamboo stuffed at the end
with grass. About five P.M. we went back to the schooner and made sail
for Bauro (San Cristoval).'

At this place there was a great disappointment at first in the
non-appearance of William Diddimang, an old baptized scholar at St.
John's; and though he came at last, and dined on board, he had evidently
so far fallen away as to be unwilling to meet the Bishop. The canoes
here were remarkably beautiful, built of several pieces, fastened with
a kind of gum. The shape was light and elegant, the thwarts elaborately
carved with figures of birds or fish, and the high prow inlaid with
mother-of-pearl let into black wood.

As a Sunday at sea was preferable to one among curious visitors who must
be entertained, the schooner put out to sea to visit one to two other
neighbouring islets, and then to return again to Bauro.

Kennell Island, where she touched on the 27th, proved to be inhabited by
Maoris. One man, who swam alone to the vessel, offered the salutation of
rubbing noses, New Zealand fashion, and converse could be held in that
language. Two more joined him, and spent the night on board in singing
a kaka or song of love for their visitors. Next day the island was
visited. 'Oh the beauty of the deep clefts in the coral reef, lined with
coral, purple, blue, scarlet, green, and white! the little blue fishes,
the bright blue starfish, the little land-crabs walking away with other
people's shells. But nothing of this can be seen by you; the coral loses
its colour, and who can show you the bright line of surf breaking the
clear blue of this truly Pacific Ocean, and the tropical sun piercing
through masses of foliage which nothing less dazzling could penetrate.
Our three friends, with two more men, their wives and children, form the
whole population of the south end of the island at all events, perhaps
twenty in all. I trod upon and broke flowering-branches of coral that
you would have wondered at.'

Bellona likewise had a Maori-speaking population. There was no passage
through the reef, so the Bishop and Patteson took off their coats, one
took two hatchets and the other two adzes, and with a good header, swam
ashore. Walking up the beach, they found a place in the bush with nine
beautiful canoes, with nets, and large wooden hooks in them, but at
first no people; and they were leaving their presents in the canoes when
Patteson spied two men, and advanced to them while the Bishop went back
to fetch the goods. After a rubbing of noses and a Maori greeting, the
men were reassured, and eleven more came up, one a chief with a spear
in his hand. 'I had my straw hat fastened by a ribbon, which my friend
coveted, so I let him take it, which he did by putting his adze (my
gift) against it, close to my ear, and cutting it, off--not the least
occasion to be afraid of them.' A characteristic comment, certainly!
But there was no foolhardiness. The Bishop was on the alert, and when
presently he saw his companion linger for a moment, a quick 'Come
along,' was a reminder that 'this was not the beach at Sidmouth.' The
peculiar quickness of eye--verily circumspect, though without the least
betrayal of alarm or want of confidence, which was learnt from the
need of being always as it were on guard, was soon learnt likewise by
Patteson, while the air of suspicion or fear was most carefully avoided.
The swim back to the boat was in water 'too warm, but refreshing,' and
ended with a dive under the boat for the pure pleasure of the thing.

Then, as before arranged, Bauro was revisited on another part of the
coast, where Iri was ready with a welcome, but Diddimang appeared no
more. He had returned to native habits, and had made no attempt at
teaching, but the visits he had made to New Zealand were not lost, for
the Bishop had acquired a knowledge of the language, and it was moreover
established in the Bauro mind that a voyage in his ship was safe and
desirable. 'This part of Bauro was exceedingly beautiful:--

'Here were coral crags, the masses of forest trees, the creepers
literally hundreds of feet long, crawling along and hanging from the
cliffs, the cocoa-nut trees and bananas, palms, &c., the dark figures
on the edge of the rocks looking down upon us from among the trees, the
people assembling on the bright beach--coral dust as it may be called,
for it was worn as fine as white sand--cottages among the trees, and a
pond of fresh water close by, winding away among the cliffs.'

Here a visit was paid to Iri's boathouse, which contained three
exquisite canoes, beautifully inlaid; then to his house, long, low, and
open at the ends, like those formerly described, but with low wattled
side walls. Along the ridge-pole were ranged twenty-seven skulls, not
yet blackened with smoke, and bones were scattered outside, for a fight
had recently taken place near at hand. 'In this Golgotha,' the Bishop,
using his little book of Bauro words, talked to the people, and plainly
told them that the Great God hated wars and cruelty, and such ornaments
were horrible in his sight. Iri took it all in good part, and five boys
willingly accepted the invitation to New Zealand. One little fellow
about eight years old had attached himself to Coley, clinging about his
waist with his arms, but he was too young to be taken away. Iri came
down to the beach, and waded up to his waist in the water as the boat
put off.

In the night Gera, or Guadalcanar, was reached, a fine mountainous
island, with a detached reef. Numerous canoes surrounded the vessel,
bringing yarns for barter. Fish-hooks were of no account; it was small
hatchets that were in request, and the Bauro boys could hold some sort
of converse with the people, though theirs was quite another dialect.
They were gaily decked out with armlets, frontlets, bracelets, and
girdles of shell, and almost all of them wore, not only nose-rings,
but plugs of wood or mother-of-pearl in the tip of the nose. One man
in particular had a shell eyelet-hole let into his nose, into which he
inserted his unicorn decoration. The Bishop amused himself and Coley by
saying, as he hung a fishhook on this man's nose-hook, 'Naso suspendis
adunco.' Others had six or eight pieces of wood sticking out from either
side of the nose, like a cat's whiskers. Two young men were taken from
hence, and more would have gone, but it was not thought well to take
married men.

The isle of Mara or Malanta had a very shy population, who seemed to
live inland, having probably been molested by the warlike Gera men. It
had been supposed that there was a second islet here, but the 'Southern
Cross' boat's crew found that what had been taken for a strait was only
the mouth of a large river, where the casks were filled.

The wondrous beauty of the scene, sea and river alike fringed with the
richest foliage, birds flying about (I saw a large blue bird, a parrot,
I suppose), fish jumping, the perfectly still water, the mysterious
smoke of a fire or two, the call of a man heard in the bush, just enough
of novelty to quicken me to the full enjoyment of such a lovely bay as
no English eyes save ours have ever seen.'

No communication with the native inhabitants was here accomplished, but
at four little flat, cocoanut-covered islets, named after Torres, were
the head-quarters of an English dealer in cocoa-nut oil. The native race
were Maori-speaking, but their intercourse with sailors had given them a
knowledge of the worst part of the English language, and as usual it was
mournfully plain how much harm our countrymen instil.

The next group, sighted on the 17th of August, had already a remarkable
history, to which Patteson refers in his journal, with no foreboding of
the association those reefs and bays were to acquire for him, and far
more through him.

Alvaro de Mendana had, in 1567, gone forth from Peru on a voyage of
discovery in the Pacific, and had then found, and named, most of the
Solomon Isles. Grera and Bauro owed their names of Guadalcanar and San
Cristoval to him. In 1594, he obtained permission to found a colony on
San Cristoval, and set forth with his wife and four ships. But the Bauro
people were spared that grievous misfortune of a Spanish settlement;
Mendana missed his way, blundered into the Marquesas first, and then
came upon a cluster of islands, one large and beautiful, two small, and
one a volcano in full action.

He called the large island Santa Cruz, and fancied the natives of the
same race he had seen in Bauro, but they knew nothing of the language
he had learnt there, and though courteous at first, presently discharged
their arrows. However, he found a beautiful harbour on the other side of
the island, and a friendly and dignified old chief called Malope, who in
South Sea fashion exchanged names and presents with him. Mendana and
his wife Dona Ysabel seem to have wished to be on good terms with the
natives, and taught them to sign the cross, and say amigos, and they
proceeded to found their intended city, but neither Mendana nor Malope
could restrain their followers; there were musket-shots on one side and
arrow-shots on the other, and at last, the chief Malope himself fell
into the hands of some Spanish soldiers, who murdered him. Mendana
punished them with death; but his own health was fast failing, he died
in a few weeks, and his widow deserted the intended city, and returned
home with the colonists, having probably bequeathed to the island a
distrust of white men.

All this was in Patteson's mind, as he shows by his journal, as the
lovely scenery of Santa Cruz rose on him. The people came out in canoes
with quantities of yams and taro, of which they knew the full value; but
the numbers were so large that no 'quiet work' could be done, and there
was little to be done but to admire their costume, armlets, necklaces,
plates of mother-of-pearl, but no nose ornaments. They had strips of a
kind of cloth, woven of reed, and elaborate varieties of head-gear, some
plastering their hair white with coral lime, others yellow, others red;
others had shaved half the head with no better implement than a sharp
shell, and others had produced two lines of bristles, like hogs' manes,
on a shaven crown. Their decorations made a great sensation among the
Solomon Islanders, who made offers of exchange of necklaces, &c.

In the evening the schooner made for the volcano, about three miles off.
It was a magnificent sight--a perfect cone, the base of the mountain and
all except the actual cone being under water. The cone was apparently
about 2,000 feet high, clouds hanging about it near the top, lurid and
fiery, increasing the grandeur of the glow at the summit. Every minute
streams of fire, falling from the top or sides, rushed down the mount,
so that for a space of perhaps half a mile in breadth the whole cone was
always streaked, and sometimes covered with burning-masses of stones,
cinders, &c. Bumbling noises were heard only a few times.

'About 7 to 9 A.M. we sailed quite round the island, and saw there that
the fiery appearance at night is not actually fire or flame, but caused
by hot burning stones and masses of scoria, &c., constantly falling down
the sides of the cone, which on the lee side are almost perpendicular.
On the weather side are cocoa-nut trees, and one small house, but we
could see no people. It was grand to see the great stones leaping and
bounding down the sides of the cone, clearing 300 or 400 feet at a jump,
and springing up many yards into the air, finally plunging into the sea
with a roar, and the splash of the foam and steam combined.

This was on the 12th of August, and here is the ensuing note, how
full now of significance, which it would be faithless to term
melancholy:--'We then went on to Nukapu, an island completely encircled
by a coral reef. The natives soon came off in canoes, and brought
breadfruit and cocoa-nuts. They spoke a few words of Maori, but wore
their hair like the people of Santa Cruz, and resembled them in the
character of their ornaments and in their general appearance. They had
bows and clubs of the same kind, tapa stained with turmeric, armlets,
ear-rings and nose-rings of bone and tortoiseshell.'

Returning to Santa Cruz, a large supply of the produce was obtained
by barter, but the people were still in such noisy crowds that nothing
could be effected beyond these commercial transactions.

Tubua was the next ensuing island, a lovely spot within its encircling
ring, over which the Bishop and Patteson waded, and found thirteen men
on the beach. Patteson went up to the first, tied a bit of red tape
round his head, and made signs that he wanted a cocoa-nut in exchange
for a fish-hook. Plenty were forthcoming; but the Bishop, to his
companion's surprise, made a sudden sign to come away, and when the boat
was regained he said: 'I saw some young men running through the bush
with bows and arrows, and these young gentry have not the sense to
behave well like their parents.'

Vanikoro was the next stage. This too had its history, encircled as
it is with a complete reef of coral, in some parts double. In the year
1785, two French vessels, which were commanded by Count La Perouse, and
named 'La Boussole' and 'L'Astrolabe,' had set forth from Brest on a
voyage of discovery in the Pacific. They made a most discursive survey
of that ocean, from Kamtschatka southwards, and at the end of 1787 were
at the Samoan Isles, then unconverted, and where their two boats' crews
were massacred, and the boats lost. The ships came to Port Jackson,
in Australia, to build fresh boats, left it in February 1788, and were
never heard of more. One or two attempts were made to ascertain their
fate, but none succeeded till, in 1826, a sandal-wood trader named
Dillon found in the possession of a European, who had lived since 1813
in Ticopia, the silver guard of a sword, and ascertained from him that
the natives had several articles, such as china, glass, and the handle
of a silver fork, which evidently came from a ship. He had been told
that these articles had been procured from another isle called Vanikoro,
where two large ships had been wrecked.

His intelligence led to the fitting out of a vessel, in which he was
sent to ascertain the fate of the Frenchmen, and by the help of the
man who had been so long in Ticopia, he was able to examine a Vanikoran
chief. It appeared that the two ships had run aground on the parallel
reefs. One had sunk at once, and the crew while swimming out had been
some of them eaten by the sharks, and others killed by the natives;
indeed, there were sixty European skulls in a temple. The other vessel
had drifted over the reef, and the crew entrenched themselves on shore,
while building another vessel. They went out and foraged for themselves
in the taro fields, but they made no friends; they were ship-spirits,
with noses two hands long before their faces (their cocked hats).
Articles were recovered that placed the fact beyond a doubt, and which
were recognised by one of the expedition who had left it in Kamtschatka,
the sole survivor. Of the fate of the two-masted vessel built by the
shipwrecked crew, nothing was ever discovered.

The Mission party landed here, but saw nobody. They sent a black boy up
a tree for cocoa-nuts, and left a tomahawk beneath it as payment.
That there were inhabitants somewhere there was horrible proof, for a
frightful odour led to search being made, and the New Zealander Hoari
turning up the ground, found human bones with flesh hanging to them. A
little farther off was a native oven, namely, a pit lined with stones.

This was Patteson's nearest contact with cannibalism, and it left a deep
impression of horror.

The Banks group of islands came next--Great Banks Isle, or in the native
language Vanua Lava, Valua or Saddle Isle, a long narrow ridge of hills,
Mota or Sugarloaf Island, an equally descriptive name; Star Island,
and Santa Maria. These places were to become of great importance to the
Mission, but little was seen of them at this time--the walls of coral
round them were remarkably steep and difficult of access.

Valua had no beach and no canoes, and such swarms of natives clustering
upon the cliffs that the Bishop did not think it prudent to land. In
Mota, though the coast for the most part rises up in sheer crags, forty
or fifty feet above the sea, with a great volcanic cone in the centre,
a little cove was found with a good beach, where a number of inhabitants
had assembled. They were entirely without clothing or ornament, neither
tattooed nor disfigured by betel-nut, and their bright honest faces
greatly attracted Patteson, though not a word of their language could
be then understood. He wanted to swim ashore among them, but the Bishop
would not allow it, lest it should be difficult to escape from the
embraces of so many without giving offence. Great numbers swam out to
the boat, and canoes brought fruits of all kinds, and bamboos decked
with leaves and flowers. 'I crammed native combs in my hair,' says
Patteson, 'picked up what words I could, and made up the rest by a grand
display of gesticulation.'

At Santa Maria, the next day, there was the like scene around the boat,
only the sight of a bit of striped calico caused immense excitement. At
other islands it had been unheeded, but here the people were mad to
get it, and offered their largest yams for strips of it, and a pair of
scarlet braces were purchased for two beautiful bows.

At Vanua Lava, or Great Banks Island, on the 20th, a large canoe with
seven men came alongside, three-quarters of a mile from shore. They
would not, however, venture on board till Patteson had gone into the
water, and placed himself in their canoe, after which they were induced
to come on deck, were 'decorated with the order of the tape,' and
received axes. No weapon was seen among them, and there was reason to
think them the tractable and hopeful race they have since proved.

Bligh Island, the next visited, plainly revealed itself as the cone
of an enormous submerged volcano, the water forming a beautiful and
extensive bay where numbers of people could be seen. There was a landing
and a little trading for yams, and then, after the like intercourse
with some of the inhabitants of the cluster of small islets named after
Torres, the vessel steered for Espiritu Santo, but wind and time forbade
a return to the part previously visited, nor was there time to do more
than touch at Aurora, and exchange some fish-hooks for some bows.

At Malicolo, in 1851, the Bishop and his party, while fetching water,
had been assailed with stones and arrows, and had only escaped by
showing the utmost coolness. There was, therefore, much caution shown in
approaching this bay, called Port Sandwich, and the boat stopped outside
its breakwater coral reef, where numerous canoes flocked round, the
people with their bows and arrows, not attempting to barter. Their
faces were painted some red, some black, or yellow. An old chief named
Melanbico was recognised by the Bishop, and called by name into the
boat. Another old acquaintance named Nipati joined him, and it was
considered safe to row into the harbour. The Bishop had learnt a little
of the language, and talked to these two, while Patteson examined
Nipati's accoutrements--a club, a bow, arrows neatly made, handsomely
feathered, and tipped with a deadly poison, tortoiseshell ear-rings, and
a very handsome shell armlet covering the arm from the elbow eight or
nine inches upward, his face painted red and black. The Bishop read out
the list of names he had made on the former visit, and to several the
answer was 'dead, or 'shot,' and it appeared that a great mortality had
taken place. Large numbers, however, were on the beach, and the Bishop
and Patteson landed among them, and conversed with them; but they
showed no disposition to trade, and though some of the lads seemed
half-disposed to come away with the party, they all changed their minds,
and went back again. However, all had behaved well, and one little
boy, when offered a fish-hook, at once showed that he had received one
already. It was plain that a beginning had been made, which might lead
to further results.

Two whales were seen while rowing back to the ship. One--about a third
of a mile off--leapt several times fairly out of the water, and fell
back on the sea 'with a regular crack,' dashing up the spray in clouds.
There was now very little time to spare, as the time of an ordination at
Auckland was fixed, and two important visits had yet to be paid, so the
two Fate guests were sent ashore in the canoes of some of their friends,
and the 'Southern Cross' reached Nengone on the 1st of September. The
Bishop had left a boat there some years before, and the Samoan teacher,
Mark, who had been Mrs. Nihill's best friend and comforter, came out
in it with a joyful party full of welcome. The Bishop and Patteson went
ashore, taking with them their two Bauro scholars, to whom the most
wonderful sight was a cow, they never having seen any quadruped bigger
than a pig. All the native teachers and their wives were assembled, and
many of the people, in front of the house where Mr. Nihill had died.
They talked of him with touching affection, as they told how diligently
he had striven to bring young and old to a knowledge of his God; and
they eagerly assisted in planting at his grave a cross, which the Bishop
had brought from Auckland for the purpose, and which bore the words: 'I
am the Resurrection and the Life.'

The coral lime church and the houses of the teachers among the cocoa-nut
trees gave the place a civilised look, and most of the people had some
attempt at clothing. Here several passengers were taken in. The
two girls, Caroline Wabisane and Sarah Wasitutru, were both
married--Caroline to a Maori named Simeona, and Sarah to a man from her
own isle called Nawiki. All these and two more men wished to go to St.
John's for further instruction, and were taken on board, making up a
party of fourteen Melanesians, besides Sarah's baby. 'Mrs. Nihill will
be glad to have the women,' writes Coley, 'and I am glad to have the
others--not the baby, of course.'

Close quarters indeed, but not for very long, for on the 3rd of
September the schooner again put into Norfolk Island, and on the next
Sunday Coley was present at the confirmation of the whole population,
excepting the younger children, and at the subsequent Communion. Strong
hopes were then entertained that the Pitcairners, standing as it were
between the English and the islanders, would greatly assist in the
work of the Gospel, but this plan was found only capable of being very
partially carried out.

Off Norfolk Island, he wrote to his brother an account of the way of
life on the voyage, and of the people:--

'They are generally gentle, and seem to cling to one, not with the
very independent goodwill of New Zealanders, but with the soft yielding
character of the child of the tropics. They are fond, that is the word
for them. I have had boys and men in a few minutes after landing, follow
me like a dog, holding their hands in mine as a little child does with
its nurse.

'My manner of life on board is as I described it before. I eschewed
shoes and socks, rather liking to be paddling about all day, when not
going on shore, or otherwise employed, which of course made up eight or
ten out of the thirteen hours of daylight. When I went ashore (which I
did whenever the boat went), then I put on my shoes, and always swam
in them, for the coral would cut my feet to pieces. Usual swimming and
wading attire--flannel shirt, dark grey trousers, cap or straw hat,
shoes, basket round my neck with fish-hooks, or perhaps an adze or two
in my hand. I enjoyed the tropical climate very much--really warm always
in the water or out of it. On the reefs, when I waded in shallow water,
the heat of it was literally unpleasant, more than a tepid bath.'

On the 13th of September, the little missionary vessel came safe into
harbour at Auckland, and Coley and his boys--they were considered
especially as his--took up their quarters at St. John's College. All
through the voyage he had written the journals here followed for the
general benefit of his kindred, and at other leisure moments he had
written more personal letters. On his sister Fanny's birthday, when
the visit to Malicolo was just over, after his birthday wishes, he goes
on:--

'And now, how will you be when this reaches Feniton? I think of all your
daily occupations,--school, garden, driving, &c.--your Sunday reading,
visiting the cottages, &c., and the very thought of it makes me feel
like old times. When occasionally I dream, or fall into a kind of trance
when awake, and fancy myself walking up from the lodge to the house, and
old forms and faces rise up before me, I can scarcely contain the burst
of joy and happiness, and then I give a shake and say, "Well, it would
be very nice, but look about the horizon, and see how many islands
you can count!" and then, instead of thoughts of home for myself, I am
tempted to induce others to leave their homes, though I don't really
think many men have such a home to leave, or remain so long as I did,
one of the home fire-side.

'I have been reading one or two of the German books you sent out.
"Friedrich der Grosse" is interesting, but henceforth I don't think I
shall have time for aught but a good German novel or two for wet days
and jumping seas; or such a theological book as I may send for.'

The effect of the voyage seems to have shown itself in an inflamed leg,
which was painful, but not disabled for some time. There was a welcome
budget of letters awaiting him,--one from his uncle Dr. Coleridge, to
which this is the reply:--


'September 15, 1856: St. John's College.

'Your letter of March 26 was awaiting my arrival here. How thankful I
am that (as Fan says) in little as in great things God is so good to us.
Letters from me arriving on the anniversary of my departure! and all at
Thorverton!

'You are clearly right in what you say about my post in the S. X. I did
not like it at first, just as a schoolboy does not like going back to
school; but that it was good for me I have no doubt; and now see! here I
am on shore for seven or eight months, if I live so long--my occupations
most interesting, working away with twelve Melanesians at languages,
etc., with the highest of all incentives to perseverance, trying to form
in them habits of cleanliness, order, decency, etc.

'Last night (Sunday--their first Sunday in New Zealand), after
explaining to the Solomon Islands boys, seven in number, the nature of
the Lord's Prayer as far as my knowledge of their language would carry
me, I thought myself justified in making them kneel down round me, and
they uttered with their lips after me (i.e. the five most intelligent)
the first words of prayer to their Father in Heaven. I don't venture to
say that they understood much--neither does the young child taught at
his or her mother's knees--neither do many grown persons perhaps know
much about the fulness of the Prayer of Prayers--(these scenes teach
me my ignorance, which is one great gain)--yet they knew, I think, that
they were praying to some great and mighty one--not an abstraction--a
conscious loving Being, a Father, and they know at least the name of His
Son, Jesus Christ.

'Their first formula was: "God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy
Ghost, only One God." I can't yet explain that our Blessed Lord came
from heaven and died for our sins; neither (as far as human thought
may reach) does the power of God's Spirit as yet work in their hearts
consciousness of sin, and with that the sense of the need of a Redeemer
and Saviour. I asked in my sermon yesterday the prayers of the people
for the grace of God's Holy Spirit to touch the hearts and enlighten the
understandings of these heathen children of a common Father, and I added
that greatly did their teachers need their prayers that God would make
them apt to teach, and wise and simple in endeavouring to bring before
their minds the things that belong unto their peace. You too, dear
Uncle, will think I know of these things, for my trust is great. In this
cold climate, 26° or 27° of latitude south of their own island, I have
much anxiety about their bodily health, and more about their souls.

'The four youngest, sixteen to eighteen, sleep in my room. One is now on
my bed, wrapped up in a great opossum rug, with cold and slight fever;
last night his pulse was high, to-day he is better. I have to watch over
them like a cat. Think of living till now in a constant temperature
of 84°, and being suddenly brought to 56°. New Zealand is too cold for
them, and the College is a cold place, wind howling round it now.

'Norfolk Island is the place, and the Pitcairners themselves are most
co-operative and hearty; I trust that in another year I may be there.

'Thank you for all your kind wishes on my birthday. I ought to wish to
live many years, perhaps, to try and be of use; especially as I am so
unfit to go now, or rather I ought not to wish at all. Sometimes I feel
almost fainthearted, which is cowardly and forgetful of our calling "to
fight manfully under Christ's banner." Ah! my Bishop is indeed a warrior
of the Cross. I can't bear the things Sophy said in one of her letters
about my having given up.

It seems mock humility to write it; but, dear Uncle, if I am conscious
of a life so utterly unlike what all you dear ones fancy it to be, what
must it be in the sight of God and His holy angels? What advantages I
have always had, and have now! and not a day goes by and I can say I
have done my duty. Good-bye, dear dear Uncle.

'Always your affectionate and grateful nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON.

'Love to dear Aunt.'


Almost the first experience after settling in at St. John's College was
a sharp attack of fever that fell on Kerearua, one of the Bauro lads.
Such illnesses, it seemed, were frequent at home and generally fatal.
His companion Hirika remarked, 'Kerearua like this in Bauro ah! in a few
days he would die; by-and-by we go back to Bauro.' The sick boys were
always lodged in Coley's own room to be more quiet and thoroughly
nursed. Fastidiousness had been so entirely crushed that he really
seemed to take pleasure in the arrangement, speaking with enthusiasm of
the patient's obedience and gratitude, and adding, 'He looks quite nice
in one of my night-shirts with my plaid counterpane, and the plaid Joan
gave me over it, a blanket next to him.'

The Melanesians readily fell into the regular habits of short school,
work out of doors, meals in hall and bed-time, and they were allowed a
good deal of the free use of their limbs, needful to keep them happy
and healthy. Now and then they would be taken into Auckland, as a great
treat, to see the soldiers on parade, and of course the mere living
with civilization was an immense education to them, besides the direct
instruction they received.

The languages of Nengone and Bauro were becoming sufficiently familiar
to Mr. Patteson to enable him to understand much of what they said to
him. He writes to Miss Neill (October 17):--


'I talk with them about common things, and learn a great deal of their
wild savage customs and habits, but I can do but little as yet in the
way of real instruction. Some ideas, I trust, they are beginning to
acquire concerning our Blessed Lord. Is it not a significant fact that
the god worshiped in Gfera, and in one village of Bauro, is the Serpent,
the very type of evil? I need not say that these dear boys have won
their way to my heart, they are most docile and affectionate. I think
some will really, if they live, leave their own island and live with me
at Norfolk Island, or here, or wherever my dwelling may be whenever I am
not in the "Southern Cross."

'But of course I must not dwell on such notions. If it come to pass that
for some years I can retain a hold upon them, they may be instructed
sufficiently to make them teachers in their turn to their own people.
But all this is in the hands of God. My home journal will tell you
particulars of our voyage. Don't believe in the ferocity, &c., of the
islanders. When their passions are excited, they do commit fearful
deeds, and they are almost universally cannibals, i.e. after a battle
there will be always a cannibal feast, not otherwise. But treat them
well and prudently, and I apprehend that there is little danger in
visiting them, meaning by visiting merely landing on the beach the first
time, going perhaps to a native village the next time, sleeping on shore
the third, spending ten days the fourth, &c., &c. The language once
learnt from the pupils we bring away, all is clear. And now good-bye, my
dear Miss Neill. That I think of you and pray for you, you know, and I
need not add that I value most highly your prayers for me. When I think
of my happiness and good spirits, I must attribute much, very much, to
God's goodness in accepting the prayers of my friends.'

After the old custom of telling the home party all his doings, the
journal-letter of the 27th of November goes through the teaching to the
Bauro boys:--

'I really think they comprehend thus much, that God, who made all
things, made man, Adam and Eve, very good and holy; that Adam and Eve
sinned, that they did not listen to the word of God, but to the Bad
Spirit; that God found them out, though they were afraid and tried to
hide (for He sees and knows all things); that He drove them out of the
beautiful garden, and said that they must die; that they had two sons,
Cain and Abel; that Cain killed his brother, and that all fighting
and killing people, and all other sins (I mention all for which I have
names) came into the world because of sin; that God and man were far
apart, not living near, no peace between them because men were so
evil. That God was so good that He loved men all the time, and that He
promised to save all men who would believe in His Son Jesus Christ, who
was to die for them (for I can't yet express, "was to die that men might
not go down to the fire, but live for ever with God "); that by and by
He sent a flood and drowned all men except Noah and seven other people,
because men would not be good; that afterwards there was a very good
man, named Abraham, who believed all about Jesus Christ, and God chose
him, and his son Isaac, and his son Jacob, and his twelve sons, to be
the fathers of a people called Jews; that those people alone knew about
God, and had teachers and praying men: and that they killed lambs and
offered them (gave them to God as a sign of Jesus Christ being one day
slain and offered to God on a cross) but these very men became wicked
too, and at last, when no man knew how to be happy and good, Jesus
Christ came down from heaven. His mother was Mary, but He had no father
on earth, only God the Father in heaven was His Father: the Holy Ghost
made Mary to be mother of Jesus Christ.

'Then I take two books, or anything else, and say, This one is God, and
this is man. They are far apart, because man is so bad and God is so
good. But Jesus Christ came in the middle between them, and joins them
together. He is God and He is Man too; so in(side) Him, God and Man
meet, like the meeting of two men in one path; and He says Himself He is
the true Way, the only true Path to God and heaven. God was angry with
us because we sinned; but Jesus Christ died on the cross, and then God
the Father forgave us because Jesus Christ gave His life that we might
always live, and not die. By and by He will come to judge us; and He
knows what we do, whether we steal and lie, or whether we pray and teach
what is good. Men of Bauro and Gera and Santa Cruz don't know that yet,
but you do, and you must remember, if you go on doing as they do after
you know God's will, you will be sent down to the fire, and not see
Jesus Christ, who died that you might live.

'I think that they know all this, and much in the exactly equivalent
words. Of course I find difficulty in rendering religious ideas in a
language which contains scarcely any words adequate to express them, but
I am hopeful enough to believe that they do know so much at all events.
How far their hearts are affected, One alone knows. It is indeed but
little after they have been with us four months; but till I had them on
shore, I could get very little work done. The constant boat work took me
away, and anywhere in sight of islands, of course they were on deck in
eagerness to see the strange country. Then I could not work with energy
while my leg would not let me take exercise. But it is now beginning
to be a real pleasure as well as duty to teach both Nengone and Bauro
people. Enough of the language to avoid most of the drudgery has been
got over, I hope, though not near enough for purposes of 'exact and
accurate translation.'

I have given at length this account of Patteson's fundamental teaching,
though to some it may seem to savour of the infant school, because in
spite of being hampered by imperfect knowledge of the language, he has
thrown into it the great principle both of his action and teaching;
namely, the restoration of the union of mankind with God through Christ.
It never embraced that view of the heathen world which regards it as
necessarily under God's displeasure, apart from actual evil, committed
in wilful knowledge that it is evil. He held fast to the fact of man
having been created in the image of God, and held that whatever good
impulses and higher qualities still remained in the heathen, were the
remnants of that Image, and to be hailed accordingly. Above all, he
realised in his whole life the words to St. Peter: 'What God hath
cleansed that call not thou common,' and not undervaluing for a moment
Sacramental Grace, viewed human nature, while yet without the offer
thereof, as still the object of fatherly and redeeming love, and full of
fitful tokens of good coming from the only Giver of life and holiness,
and needing to be brought nearer and strengthened by full union and
light, instead of being left to be quenched in the surrounding flood
of evil. 'And were by nature the children of wrath,' he did not hold
to mean that men were objects of God's anger, lying under His deadly
displeasure; but rather, children of wild impulse, creatures of passion,
swayed resistlessly by their own desires, until made 'children of
grace,' and thus obtaining the spiritual power needful to enable them to
withstand these passions. An extract from the sermon he had preached at
Sydney may perhaps best serve to illustrate his principle:--

'And this love once generated in the heart of man, must needs pass on to
his brethren; that principle of life must needs grow and expand with
its own inherent energy; the seed must be developed into the tree, and
strike its roots deep and wide, and stretch out its branches unto
the sea and its boughs unto the rivers. No artificial nor accidental
circumstances can confine it, it recognises no human ideas of
nationality, or place, or time, but embraces like the dome of heaven all
the works of God. And love is the animating principle of all. In every
star of the sky, in the sparkling, glittering waves of the sea, in every
flower of the field, in every creature of God, most of all in every
living soul of man, it adores and blesses the beauty and the love of the
great Creator and Preserver of all.

'Viewed indeed from that position which was occupied by ancient
philosophers, the existing contrarieties between nations might well
appear inexplicable, and intellectual powers might seem to be the
exclusive heritage of particular nations. But Christianity leads us to
distinguish between the nature of man as he came fresh from the hands of
his Creator, and that natural propensity to sin which he has inherited
in consequence of his fall from original innocence. It teaches that as
God has "made of one blood all nations to dwell together on the face
of the whole earth," and has given in virtue of this common origin one
common nature destined to be pure and holy and divine, so, by virtue of
Redemption and Regeneration, the image of God may be restored in all,
and whatever is the result of his depravity therefore may be overcome.
And this seems to be the answer to all statements relating to the want
of capacity in certain nations of the earth for the reception of Divine
Truth, that every man, because he is a man, because he is a partaker of
that very nature which has been taken into the Person of the Son of God,
may by the grace of God be awakened to the sense of his true life, of
his real dignity as a redeemed brother of Christ.

'The spark of heavenly fire may indeed have been all but quenched by
the unbridled indulgence of his passions; the natural wickedness of the
heart of man may have exhibited itself with greater fearfulness where no
laws and customs have introduced restraints against at least the outward
expression of vice; but the capacity for the Christian life is there;
though overlaid, it may be, with monstrous forms of superstition or
cruelty or ignorance, the conscience can still respond to the voice of
the Gospel of Truth.'

And one who so entirely believed and acted upon these words found them
true. The man who verily treated the lads he had gathered round him with
a perfectly genuine sympathy, a love and a self-denial--nay more, an
identification of self with them--awoke all that was best in their
characters, and met with full response. Enthusiastic partiality of
course there was in his estimate of them; but is it not one of the
absolute requisites of a good educator to feel that enthusiasm, like
the parent for the child? And is it always the blind admiration at which
outsiders smile; is it not rather indifference which is blind, and love
which sees the truth?

'I would not exchange my position with these lads and young men for
anything (he wrote, on December 8, to his uncle, the Eton master). I
wish you could see them and know them; I don't think you ever had pupils
that could win their way into your heart more effectually than these
fellows have attached themselves to me. It is no effort to love them
heartily. Gariri, a dear boy from San Cristoval, is standing by me now,
at my desk, in amazement at the pace that my pen is going, not knowing
that I could write to you, my dear old tutor, for hours together if I
had nothing else to do. He is, I suppose, about sixteen, a most
loveable boy, gentle, affectionate, with all the tropical softness and
kindliness.

'We have seven Solomon Islanders--five from Mata, a village at the
north-west of San Cristoval, and two from the south-east point of
Guadalcanar, or Gera, a magnificent island about twenty-five or twenty
miles to the north-west of San Cristoval. From frequent intercourse they
are almost bilingual, a great "lounge" for me, as one language does for
both; the structure of the two island tongues is the same, but scarcely
any words much alike. However, that is not much odds.

'Then from Nengone, where you remember Mr. Nihill died after eighteen
months' residence on the island, we have four men and two women, both
married. Of these, two men and both the women have been baptized, some
time ago, by the Bishop, in 1852, and one by the London Mission, who now
occupy the island. These four I have, with full trust, admitted to the
Holy Communion. Mr. Nihill had taught them well, and I am sure they
could pass an examination in Scriptural history, simple doctrinal
statements, &c., as well as most young English people of the middle
class of life. The other two are well taught, and one of them knows a
great deal, but, poor fellow, he misconducted himself at Nengone, and
hence I cannot recommend him to the Bishop for baptism without much talk
about him.

'But I think my love is more poured out upon my Bauro and Gera lads.
They are such dear fellows, and I trust that already they begin to
know something about religion. Certain it is that they answer readily
questions and say with their mouths what amounts almost to a statement
of the most important Christian truths. Of course I cannot tell what
effect this may have on their hearts. They join in prayer morning and
evening, they behave admirably, and really there is nothing in their
conduct to find fault with. If it please God that any of them were at
some future time to stay again with us, I have great hopes that they may
learn enough to become teachers in their own country.

'The Nengone lads are quite in a different position. Their language has
been reduced to writing, the Gospel of St. Mark translated, and they can
all read a little English, so that at evening prayers we read a verse
all round, and then I catechise and expound to them in Nengone.

'I really trust that by God's blessing some real opening into the great
Solomon group has been effected. There is every hope that many boys will
join us this next voyage. No one can say what may be the result. As yet
it is possible to get on without more help, but I do not for a moment
doubt that should God really grant not only a wide field of labour, but
some such hope of cultivating it, He will send forth plenty of men to
share in this work. Men who have some means of their own--£100 a year is
enough, or even less--or some aptitude for languages, surely will feel
drawn in this direction. It is the happiest life a man can lead, full of
enjoyment, physical and mental, exquisite scenery, famous warm
climate, lots of bathing, yams and taro and cocoa-nut enough to make an
alderman's mouth water, and such loving, gentle people. But of course
something depends on the way in which a man looks at these things, and
a fine gentleman who can't get on without his servant, and can't put his
luggage for four months into a compass of six feet by one-and-a-half,
won't like it....

'You know the kind of incidents that occur, so I need not repeat them
to you. I have quite learnt to believe that there are no "savages"
anywhere, at least among black or coloured people. I'd like to see
anyone call my Bauro boys savages! Why, the fellows on the reef that
have never seen a white man will wade back to the boat and catch one's
arms to prevent one falling into pits among the coral, just like an old
nurse looking after her child. This they did at Santa Maria, where we
two swam ashore to a party of forty or fifty men, and where our visit
was evidently a very agreeable one on both sides, though we did not know
one syllable of the language, and then.... But I almost tremble to think
of the immense amount of work opening upon one. Whither will it lead?
But I seldom find any time for speculations; and oh, my dear tutor, I
am as happy as the day is long, though it never seems long to me!....
My dear father writes in great anxiety about the Denison case. Oh dear!
what a cause of thankfulness it is to be out of the din of controversy,
and to find hundreds of thousands longing for crumbs which are shaken
about so roughly in these angry disputes! It isn't High or Low or Broad
Church, or any other special name, but the longing desire to forget all
distinctions, and to return to a simpler state of things, that seems
naturally to result from the very sight of heathen people. Who thinks of
anything but this: "They have not heard the Name of the Saviour Who died
for them," when he is standing with crowds of naked fellows round him? I
can't describe the intense happiness of this life. I suppose trials will
come some day, and I almost dread the thought, for I surely shall not be
prepared to bear them. I have no trials at all, even of a small kind, to
teach me how to bear up under great ones.'

In truth Coleridge Patteson had entered on the happiest period of his
life. He had found his vocation, and his affections were fastening
themselves upon his black flock, so that, without losing a particle
of his home love, the yearnings homewards were appeased, and the fully
employed time, and sense of success and capability, left no space for
the self-contemplation and self-criticism of his earlier life. He gives
amusing sketches of the scenes:--

'The donkey here, a fatally stubborn brute, is an unceasing amusement to
my boys. No one of them can retain his seat more than ten minutes, but
they all fall like cats on their legs amid cries of laughter. The
donkey steers straight for some small scrubby trees, and then kicks and
plunges, or else rubs their legs against the sides of the house, and
all this time the boys are leaping about the unfortunate fellow who is
mounted, and the fun is great.

'Wadrokala, one of the Nengone lads, who had recently made his first
communion, became the prominent scholar at this time. He had thought
a good deal. One night he said: "I have heard all kinds of words
used--faith, repentance, praise, prayer--and I don't clearly understand
what is the real great thing, the chief thing of all. They used these
words confusedly, and I feel puzzled. Then I read that the Pharisees
knew a great deal of the law, and so did the Scribes, and yet they were
not good. I am not doing anything good. Now I know something of the
Bible, and I can write; and I fear very much, I often feel very much
afraid, that I am not good, I am not doing anything good."'

He was talked to, and comforted with hopes of future work; but a day
or two later his feelings were unconsciously hurt by being told in joke
that he was wearing a shabby pair of trousers to save the good ones to
take home to Nengone. His remonstrance was poured out upon a slate:--

'Mr. Patteson, this is my word:--I am unhappy because of the word you
said to me that I wished for clothes. I have left my country. I do not
seek clothes for the body. What is the use of clothes? Can my spirit be
clothed with clothes for the body? Therefore my heart is greatly afraid;
but you said I greatly wished for clothes, which I do not care for.
One thing only I care for, that I may receive the life for my spirit.
Therefore I fear, I confess, and say to you, it is not the thing for the
body I want, but the one thing I want is the clothing for the soul, for
Jesus Christ's sake, our Lord.'

Soon after a very happy Christmas, Wadrokala and Kainwhat expressed a
desire, after a final visit to their native island, to return with Mr.
Patteson, and be prepared to be sent as native teachers to any dark
land, as the Samoans had come to them.

Wadrokala narrated something of the history of his island, a place with
6,000 inhabitants, with one tribe forming a priestly caste, the head of
which was firmly believed by even these Christian Nengonese to possess
the power of striking men dead by his curse. Caroline, Kainwhat and
Kowine were the children of a terrible old chief named Bula, who
had fifty-five wives, and whose power was almost absolute. If anyone
offended him, he would send either a priest or one of his sons to kill
the man, and bring the corpse, of which the thighs were always reserved
for his special eating, the trunk being given to his slaves. If one
of his wives offended him, he sent for the high priest, who cursed
her--simply said, 'She has died,' and die she did. A young girl who
refused to marry him was killed and eaten, or if any person omitted to
come into his presence crouching, the penalty was to be devoured; in
fact, he seems to have made excuses for executions in order to gratify
his appetite for human flesh, which was considered as particularly
dainty fare. Everyone dreaded him, and when at last he died a natural
death, his chief wife was strangled by her own brother, as a matter
of course. Such horrors as these had pretty well ceased by that time,
though still many Nengonese were heathen, and the priests were firmly
believed to have the power of producing death and disease at will by
a curse. Wadrokala, with entire conviction, declared that one of his
father's wives had thus been made a cripple for life.

Nengonese had become almost as familiar to Coley as Maori, and his
Sundays at this time were decidedly polyglot; since, besides a regular
English service at Taranaki, he often took a Maori service, and preached
extempore in that tongue, feeling that the people's understanding went
along with him; and there were also, in early morning and late evening,
prayers, partly in Nengonese, partly in Bauro, at the College chapel,
and a sermon, first in one language, and then repeated in the other. The
Nengone lads, who had the question of adherence to the London Mission
at home, or the Church in New Zealand, put to them, came deliberately
to entreat to remain always with Mr. Patteson, saying that they saw that
this teaching of the Church was right, and they wished to work in it. It
was a difficult point, as the London Mission was reasserting a claim
to the Loyalty Isles, and the hopes of making them a point d'appui were
vanishing; but these men and their wives could not but be accepted, and
Simeona was preparing for baptism. A long letter to Professor Max
Muller on the languages will be found in the Appendix. The Bishop of New
Zealand thus wrote to Sir John Patteson respecting Coley and his work:--


'Taurarua, Auckland: March 2, 1857.

'My dear Judge,--Your letter of December 5 made me very happy, by
assuring me of the satisfaction which you feel in your son's duties and
position. I do indeed most thankfully acknowledge the goodness of God
in thus giving me timely aid, when I was pledged to a great work, but
without any steady force to carry it on. Coley is, as you say, the right
man in the right place, mentally and physically: the multiplicity of
languages, which would try most men, is met by his peculiar gift; the
heat of the climate suits his constitution; his mild and parental temper
makes his black boys cling about him as their natural protector; and his
freedom from fastidiousness makes all parts of the work easy to him; for
when you have to teach boys how to wash themselves, and to wear clothes
for the first time, the romance of missionary work disappears as
completely as a great man's heroism before his valet de chambre.

'On Sunday, February 22, we had a native baptism, an adult from Nengone
and his infant child. Coley used the Baptismal Service, which he had
translated, and preached fluently in the Nengone tongue, as he had done
in the morning in New Zealand. The careful study which we had together
of the latter on our voyage out will be of great use in many other
dialects, and Mrs. Nihill has given him her husband's Nengone
manuscripts.

'You know in what direction my wishes tend, viz., that Coley, when he
has come to suitable age, and has developed, as I have no doubt he will,
a fitness for the work, should be the first island Bishop, upon the
foundation, of which you and your brother Judge, and Sir W. Farquhar,
are trustees; that Norfolk Island should be the see of the Bishop,
because the character of its population, the salubrity of its climate,
and its insular position, make it the fittest place for the purpose.

'Your affectionate and grateful friend,

'G. A. NEW ZEALAND.'


By the same mail Patteson himself wrote to Miss Neill:--

'If it please God to give us some few native teachers from Bauro and
Grera, not to be sent before, but to go with or follow us (i.e. Bishop
and me), in a short time the word of God might be heard in many a grand
wild island, resplendent with everything that a tropical climate and
primeval forests, etc., can bestow, and thickly populated with an
intelligent and, as I imagine, tolerably docile race, of whom some are
already "stretching out their hands unto God."

'All these Solomon Islanders here would answer questions about
Christianity as well, perhaps, as children of nine or ten years old
in England. Some seem to feel that there is a real connection between
themselves and what they are taught, and speak of the love of God in
giving Jesus Christ to die for them, and say that God's Holy Spirit
alone can enlighten their dark hearts.

'That beautiful image of light and darkness seems common to all nations.
The regular word used by the Nengone people, who are far more advanced
in Christian knowledge and practice, for all heathen places is "the dark
lands."

'On Sunday week, February 22, we had a deeply interesting service in the
College chapel at 7.15 P.M., just as the English world was beginning its
Sunday. Simeona and his infant boy of four weeks and three days old were
baptized. The College chapel was nicely lighted, font decorated simply.
I read the service in Nengone, having had all hands at work setting the
types and printing on Friday and Saturday. The Bishop took the part of
the service which immediately precedes the actual baptism, and baptized
them both--first the father, by the name of George Selwyn, then the
baby, by the name of John Patteson. This was the special request of the
parents, and as it is my dear Father's name, how could I object? He is,
of course, my godson, and a dear little fellow he is. At the end of my
sermon, I added a few words to "George," and besought the prayers of
the Nengone people for him and his child. We have now four regular
communicants among them--Wadrokala, Mark (Kainwhat), Carry and Sarah.
George is baptized, and baby; and Sarah's child, Lizzy, I baptized long
ago. In about two months (D. V.), we are off for a good spell of four
or five months among the islands, taking back this party, though some of
them will, by and by, rejoin us again, I hope.'

The plan of starting in April for a four or five months' cruise was
disconcerted, as regarded Bishop Selwyn, by the delay of Bishop Harper
and the Archdeacons in arriving for the intended Synod, which was thus
put off till May, too wintry a month for the Melanesians to spend in New
Zealand. After some doubt, it was decided that Mr. Patteson should make
a short voyage, for the mere purpose of returning his scholars to their
homes, come back to Auckland, and make a fresh start when the Bishop was
ready.

In prospect of the parting, Patteson writes to his beloved old governess
(March 19, 1857):--

'You will like a report of my pupils, especially as I can give most
of them a good ticket, little mark and all, as we used to say of yours
(though not as often as we ought to have done) to our dear mother.
You never had such willing pupils, though you turned out some, I hope,
eventually as good. In your hands these lads would be something indeed.
Really they have no faults that I can detect, and when their previous
state is considered, it is wonderful; for all this time they have been
with us, the greatest fault has been a fit of sulkiness, lasting
about half a day, with three of them. Their affection, gentleness,
unselfishness, cheerfulness, willingness to oblige, in some of them a
natural gentlemanly way of doing things, and sometimes indications of
what we should call high principle--all these things give one great
hopes, not for them only, but for all these nations, that, refined by
Christianity, they may be bright examples of manly virtues and Christian
graces.'

To some, no doubt, these expressions will seem exaggerated, but not to
those who have had any experience of the peculiar suavity and grace
that often is found in the highbred men of native races, before they are
debased by the corruptions brought in by white men. Moreover, in every
case, the personal influence of the teacher when in immediate contact
with a sufficiently small number, is quite enough to infuse good habits
and obviate evil ones to an extent quite inconceivable to those who have
not watched the unconscious exertion of this power. Patteson knew that
too much reliance must not be placed on present appearance.

'It is dangerous (he says), to have persons clinging to you too much. I
feel that; but then these fellows, I take it, are very impulsive, and no
doubt the cocoanuts in their own land will exercise a counter-influence
to mine, and so I shall soon be undeceived if I learn to think too much
of their personal affection; but I never knew such dear lads, I don't
know how I shall get on without them.

'You must be looking forward to your spring and summer. How delicious
some of those days are in England! We miss the freshness of a deciduous
foliage, our evergreens look dull, and we have no deciduous trees as
yet. A good scamper with Joan on the East Hill, or a drive with Fan in
the pony carriage along a lane full of primroses and violets would be
pleasant indeed, and so would a stroll with old Jem up the river be
happy indeed, and I could almost quit the "Southern Cross" for dear
Father's quarter-deck in the "Hermitage," but that I am, I believe,
sailing in the right vessel, and, as I trust, on the right course to the
haven where we may all meet and rest for ever.'

On Good Friday the three Nengone young men who had been baptized were
confirmed, and on the Wednesday in Easter Week the 'Southern Cross'
sailed, this time with a responsible sailing master. At Nengone Mr.
Patteson had a friendly interview with Mr. Craig, the London Society's
missionary, and explained to him the state of things with regard to
these individual pupils; then, after being overwhelmed with presents by
the Christian population, shaped his course for Bauro.

On the way he had the experience of a tropical thunderstorm, after
having been well warned by the sinking of the barometer through the
whole of the day, the 27th of April. 'At 7.30 the breeze came up, and
the big drops began, when suddenly a bright forked flash so sustained
that it held its place before our eyes like an immense white-hot crooked
wire, seemed to fall on the deck, and be splintered there. But one
moment and the tremendous crack of the thunder was alive and around
us, making the masts tremble. For more than an hour the flashes were so
continuous that I think every three seconds we had a perfect view of
the whole horizon. I especially remember the firmament between the lurid
thunder clouds looking quite blue, so intense was the light. The thunder
rolled on without cessation, but the tremendous claps occurred only at
intervals. We have no lightning conductor, and I felt somewhat anxious;
went below and prayed God to preserve us from lightning and fire, read
the magnificent chapter at the end of Job. As the storm went on, I
thought that at that very hour you were praying "From lightning and
tempest, good Lord, deliver us." We had no wind: furious rain, repeated
again from midnight to three this morning. About eleven the thunder
had ceased, but the broad flashes of lightning were still frequent. The
lightning was forked and jagged, and one remarkable thing was the length
of time that the line of intense light was kept up, like a gigantic
firework, so that the shape of the flash could be drawn with entire
accuracy by any one that could handle a pencil. It was a grand and
solemn sight and sound, and I am very thankful we were preserved from
danger, for the storm was right upon us, and the danger must have been
great.'

A ready welcome awaited the 'Southern Cross' at Bauro, in a lovely bay
hitherto unvisited, where a perfect flotilla of canoes came off to greet
her, and the two chiefs, Iri and Eimaniaka, came on board, and no less
than fifty-five men with them. The chiefs and about a dozen men were
invited to spend the night on board. The former lay on the floor of the
inner cabin, talking and listening while their host set before them some
of the plain truths of Christianity. He landed next day, and returned
the visit by going to Iri's hut, where he pointed to the skulls,
discoursed on the hatefulness of such decorations, and recommended their
burial. He also had an opportunity of showing a Christian's horror of
unfilial conduct, when Rimaniaka struck his mother for being slow in
handing yams; and when a man begged for a passage to Gera in direct
opposition to his father's commands, he was dismissed with the words, 'I
will have nothing to do with a man who does not obey his own father.'

At Gera there was also a great assembly of canoes, and as all hands were
wanted on board, Patteson went ashore in a canoe with the brother of
one of the scholars. He was told that he was the first white man who had
ever landed there, and the people showed a good deal of surprise, but
were quite peaceable, and the presence of women and children was a sign
that there was no danger. When he tried to return to the ship, a heavy
sea came on, and the canoes were forced to put back, and he thus found
himself obliged to spend the night on the island. He was taken into a
house with two rooms, in each of which numbers of men were lying on the
ground, a small wood fire burning in the midst of each group of three or
four.

A grass mat was brought him, and a bit of wood for a pillow, and as
he was wet through, cold, and very tired, he lay down; but sleep was
impossible, from tormenting vermin, as well as because it seemed to be
the custom of the people to be going backwards and forwards all night,
sitting over the fire talking, then dropping asleep and waking to talk
again. A yam was brought him after about an hour, and long before dawn
he escaped into the open air, and sat over a tire there till at high
tide, at six o'clock in the morning, he was able to put off again and
reach the ship, where forty-five natives had slept, and behaved well.

'The sense of cold and dirt and weariness was not pleasing,' he
confesses, and certainly the contrast to the Eton and Oxford habits was
great. There was a grand exchange of presents; hatchets, adzes,
hooks and empty bottles on one side, and a pig and yams on the other.
Immediately after follows a perilous adventure, which, as we shall find,
made a deep impression. It is thus related in a letter for the benefit
of Thorverton Rectory:--


'At Sea: Lat. 19° 50' S.; long. 167° 41' E.

'My dearest Uncle,--May is a month specially connected henceforward
in my mind with a merciful deliverance from great peril, which God
vouchsafed to us on May 2nd. We touched on a reef at the Isle of
Guadalcanar, one of the Solomon Islands, in lat. 9° 50', and but for
God's mercy in blessing our exertions, we might have incurred fearful
danger of losing the Mission vessel. As it was, in a couple of minutes
we were off the reef and in deep safe water--to Him be the praise and
the glory! I have written all particulars as usual to my father, and now
that the danger has been averted, you will rejoice to hear how great a
door is opened to us in that part of the world. Personal safety ensured,
and, so far as can be judged of, no apparent obstacle in the way of the
Mission in that quarter. Had this great peril not occurred--and it was
to human eyes and in human language the mere "chance" of a minute--I
might have dwelt with too much satisfaction on the bright side of the
picture. As it is, it is a lesson to me "to think soberly." I can hardly
trust myself to write yet with my usual freedom of the scenery, natives,
&c. One great thought is before me--"Is it all real that we touched on
that reef in the sight of hundreds of natives?" It was not a sense of
personal danger--that could not occur at such a time; but the idea that
the vessel might be lost, the missionary operations suspended, &c.; this
shot through me in those two minutes! But I had no time for more than
mental prayer, for I was pulling at ropes with all my strength; not
till it was all over could I go below and fall on my knees in a burst
of thanksgiving and praise. We suppose that there must be a very strong
under-current near the reef at the mouth of the bay, for the vessel,
instead of coming round as usual (and there was abundance of room),
would not obey the helm, and we touched an outlying rock before we could
alter the sails, when she rounded instantly on the other tack. Humanly
speaking, she would have come off very soon, as the tide was flowing,
and she received no damage, as we came very gently against the rock,
which was only about the size of an ordinary table. But it is an event
to be remembered by me with thankfulness all my life. I think the number
of natives who had been on deck and about us in canoes that morning
could not have been less than 450. They behaved very well. Of the
five principal chiefs three could talk some Bauro language, so I could
communicate with them, and this was one reason why I felt satisfied of
their good-will. They gave me two pigs, about 500 or 600 cocoa-nuts,
and upwards of a ton of yams, though I told them I had only two small
hatchets, five or six adzes, a few gimlets, and empty bottles to give in
exchange. If I had not been satisfied of their being quite friendly, I
would not have put ourselves so entirely into their power; but it is of
the greatest consequence to let the natives of a place see that you
are not suspicious, and where there is no evident hazard in so doing, I
think I ought to act upon it. Perhaps the Bishop, being an older hand at
it, will think I was rash; but as far as the natives are concerned, the
result shows I was quite right; the letting go a kedge in deepish water
is another matter, that was a mistake I know now. But we could not work
the vessel by reason of the crowds of natives, and what was I to do?
Either not stand close in, as they all expected, or let go a kedge. If I
did not go into the mouth of the bay, they would have said, "He does not
trust us," and mutual suspicion would have been (possibly) the result,
and I could not make them understand rightly the reason why I did not
want to drop the kedge or small anchor.

'I had slept on shore about three miles up the bay among a number of
natives, twenty-five or twenty-six in the same room with me, on the
previous evening: at least, I lay down in my things, which, by the bye,
were drenched through with salt and rain water. They said I was the
first white person that had been ashore there. They treated me very
well. How in the face of all this could I run the risk of letting them
think I was unwilling to trust them? So I think still that I was right
in all but one thing. I ought to have ascertained better the nature
of the current and the bottom of the harbour, to see if there was good
holding ground. But it is easier to do those things in an English port
than in the sight of a number of natives, and especially when there is
but one person able to communicate with the said natives. If I went off
in the boat sounding, who was to look after the schooner? If I stayed
on board, who was to explain to the natives what was being done in the
boat? Besides, we have but five men on board, including the master
and mate, and one of them was disabled by a bad hand, so that if I
had manned the boat, I should have left only three able-bodied men on
board--it was a puzzle, you see, dear Uncle. Now I have entered into
this long defence lest any of you dear ones should think me rash.
Indeed, I don't want to run any risks at all. But there was no risk
here, as I supposed, and had we chosen to go round on the other tack we
should have known nothing of a risk now. As it was, we did run a great
hazard of grounding on the reef, and therefore, Laus Deo.

'Oh! dear little Pena, if you had only seen the village which, as yet,
I alone of white people have been allowed to see--the great tall
cocoa-nuts, so tall and slender at the top, that I was almost afraid
when a boy was sent up to gather some nuts for me--the cottages of
bamboo and cocoa-nut leaves--the great forest trees, the parrots flying
about among the branches--the crowd of men and children and a few women
all looking at, and some talking to the strange chief, "who had spoken
the truth and brought their kinsman as he promised,"--the sea in the
harbour shut off by small islets and looking like a beautiful lake with
high wooded and steep banks--the pretty canoes on the beach, and the
great state canoe lying at its stone anchor about fifty yards off, about
fifty feet long, and inlaid throughout with mother-of-pearl, the spears
leaning against the houses--men stalking about with a kind of club (the
great chief Puruhanua gave me his);--I think your little head would have
been almost turned crazy....

'June 4th, Auckland.--We reached harbour a week ago in a violent
squall of wind and rain at 8.45 P.M. Anxious night after the anchor
was dropped, lest the vessel should drag. Nine days coming from Norfolk
Island, very heavy weather--no accident, but jib-boom pitched away while
lying to in a south-easter....

'Your loving nephew,

'J. C. P.'


The Rev. Benjamin Thornton Dudley, for several years a most valuable
helper in the work, both at home and abroad, gives the following account
of his own share in it, and his recollections of that first year:--

'The first time I ever saw Mr. Patteson was in the beginning of 1856,
when you (this is a letter to Mrs. Selwyn) all visited Lyttelton in
the newly arrived "Southern Cross." That indescribable charm of manner,
calculated at once to take all hearts by storm, was not perhaps as
fully developed in him then as afterwards, and my experience was then
comparatively limited, yet his words in the sermon he preached on behalf
of the Melanesian Mission (a kind of historical review of the growth and
spread of the Gospel), although coming after the wonderful sermon of the
Bishop in the morning, made a deep impression on several of us, myself
among the number.

'You came to Lyttelton at the end of 1856 again, this time without him,
and the Bishop brought me up to St. John's College, and placed me under
him there. I remember at first how puzzled I felt as to what my position
was, and what I was expected to do. Not a single direction was given
me by Mr. Patteson, nor did he invite me to take a class in the
comparatively small Melanesian school. Gradually it dawned upon me that
I was purposely left there, and that I was expected to offer myself for
anything I could do. When I offered myself I was allowed to assist in
this and that, until at length I fell into my regular place. Although
the treatment I received in this respect puzzled me, I felt his great
kindness from the first. How bright he was in those days, and how
overflowing with spirits when among the Melanesians. What fun there used
to be of a morning, when he would come and hunt the lazy ones out of
bed, drive them down to the bath house, and there assist their ablutions
with a few basins of water thrown at them; and what an amount of quiet
"chaff" used to go on at breakfast time about it as we sat with them
in the great hall, without any of those restraints of the "high table"
which were introduced at dinner.

'During the first voyage made that year to return our Melanesian party,
I think Mr. Patteson was feeling very much out of sorts. I do not
remember any time during the years in which I was permitted to see so
much of him when he took things so easily. He spoke of himself as lazy,
and I confess I used to wonder somewhat how it was that he retired so
completely into the cabin, and did apparently so little in the way of
study. He read the "Heir of Redclyffe," and other books of light reading
in that voyage. I understood better afterwards what, raw youth as I
was at the time, puzzled me in one for whom I was already beginning
to entertain a feeling different from any previously experienced. That
seems to me now to have been quite a necessary pause in his life after
he had with wholeheartedness and full intention given himself to his
work, but before he had fully faced all its requirements and had learnt
to map out his whole time with separate toil.'

So concluded what may be called the first term of Coley Patteson's
tutorship of his island boys. His work is perhaps best summed up in this
sentence in a letter to me from Mrs. Abraham: 'Mr. Patteson's love for
them, and his facility in communicating with them in their own tongue,
make his dealing with the present set much more intimate and effective
than it has ever been before, and their affections towards him are drawn
out in a lively manner.'




CHAPTER VIII. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE AND LIFU. 1857-1859.



It seems to me that the years between 1856 and 1861 were the very
brightest of Coleridge Patteson's life. He had left all for Christ's
sake and the Gospel's, and was reaping the blessing in its freshness.
His struggles with his defects had been successful, the more so
because he was so full of occupation that the old besetting trouble,
self-contemplation, had been expelled for lack of opportunity; and he
had become far more simple, since humility was ceasing to be a conscious
effort.

There is a light-heartedness about his letters like that of the old Eton
times. Something might have been owing to the impulse of health, which
was due to the tropical heat. Most probably this heat was what exhausted
his constitution so early, but at first it was a delightful stimulus,
and gave him exemption from all those discomforts with which cold had
affected him at home. This exhilaration bore him over the many trials
of close contact with uncivilised human nature so completely that his
friends never even guessed at his natural fastidiousness. That which
might have been selfish in this fastidiousness was conquered, though the
refinement remained. Even to the last, in his most solitary hours, this
personal neatness never relaxed, but the victory over disgust was a real
triumph over self, which no doubt was an element of happiness.

While the Bishop continued to go on the voyages with him, he had
companionship, guidance, and comparatively no responsibility, while his
success, that supreme joy, was wonderfully unalloyed, and he felt
his own especial gifts coming constantly into play. His love for his
scholars was one continual well of delight, and really seemed to be an
absolute gift, enabling him to win them over, and compensating for what
he had left, even while he did not cease to love his home with deep
tenderness.

Another pair of New Zealand friends had to be absent for a time.
Archdeacon Abraham's arm was so severely injured by an accident with
a horse, that the effects were far more serious than those of a common
fracture. The disaster took place in Patteson's presence. 'I shall never
forget,' writes his friend, 'his gentleness and consideration as he
first laid me down in a room and then went to tell my wife.'

It was found necessary to have recourse to English advice; the
Archdeacon and Mrs. Abraham went home, and were never again residents at
Auckland.

A letter to Mr. Justice Coleridge was written in the interval between
the voyages:--


'Auckland: June 12, 1857.

'My dear Uncle,--You will not give me credit for being a good
correspondent, I fear; but the truth is that I seldom find time to
do more than write long chatty letters to my dear father and sisters,
occasionally to Thorverton, and to Miss Neill and one or two others to
cheer them in their sickness and weariness. Any news from afar may be a
real relaxation.

'For myself I need only say that I find these dear people most
attractive and winning, that it is no effort to love them, that they
display all natural gifts in a remarkable way--good temper, affection,
gentleness, obedience, gratitude, &c., occasionally real self-restraint.
Dear Hirika's last words to me at San Cristoval were, "Oh, I do love you
so," and his conduct showed it. He is a bright handsome lad, clever
but inaccurate, of most sweet disposition. In matters of personal
cleanliness, healthy appearance, &c., the change in seven months
was that of a lad wholly savage becoming neat, tidy in dress, and of
gentlemanly appearance. In some ways he was my pet of the whole party,
though I have equally bright hopes of Grariri, a sturdy, honest fellow
with the best temper I almost ever found among lads of sixteen anywhere,
and Kerearua is the most painstaking fellow of the lot; and a boy whose
distinguishing features it would be hard to describe; but he may be
summed up as a very good boy, and certainly a most loveable one. Sumaro
and Kimarua older and less interesting.

'I printed short catechisms, a translation of the Lord's Prayer, Creed,
General Confession, two or three other of the Common Prayer prayers, and
one or two short missionary prayers in the dialect of both islands; but
I can only speak at all fluently the language of San Cristoval.

'Of the Nengone people I could say much more. The two young women
(married) and the two young unmarried men had been under Mr. Nihill's
instruction two or three years, baptized, and were regular communicants
while at the College. Simeona was baptized on the same day as his infant
son, after he had been with us five months. He and the other four were
confirmed at the College chapel, and he afterwards received the Holy
Communion with the rest.

'Kowine, a lad of seventeen, is not baptized, though well instructed. We
were not wholly satisfied about him. Of the knowledge of them all I can
speak with the utmost confidence. They know more a great deal than most
candidates for confirmation in a well-regulated English parish. It was
delightful to work with them. We wrote Bible history, which has reached
about fifty sheets in MS. in small handwriting, bringing the history
to the time of Joshua; very many questions and answers, and translated
ninety pages of the Prayer Book, including Services for Infant and Adult
Baptism, Catechism, Burial Service, &c.

'It is most interesting work, though not easy, and much of it will no
doubt be altered when we come to know the language thoroughly well. This
island of Nengone (called also Maro and Britannia Island) contains
about 6,500 inhabitants, of whom some profess Christianity, while the
remainder are still fighting and eating one another, though accessible
to white people.

'We hope to have time to see something of the heathen population, though
the London Mission Society having re-occupied the island, we do not
regularly visit it with the intention of establishing ourselves.... The
language is confined to that island. I call it language, not dialect,
for it is, I believe, really distinct from any others we have or have
heard of, very soft, like Italian, and capable of expressing accurately
minute shades of meaning. Causative forms, &c., remind us of the
oriental structure, one peculiarity (that of the chief's dialect, or
almost language, running parallel to that of common life) I think I have
before mentioned.

'In about a month I suppose we shall be off again for three or four
months, and we long to get hold of pupils from the Banks Archipelago,
Santa Cruz, Espiritu Santo, in which no ground is broken at present. We
visited them last year, but did not get any pupils; lovely islands, very
populous, and the natives very bright, intelligent-looking. But how I
long to see again some of my own dear boys, I do so think of them! It
may be that two or three of them may come again to us, and then we may
perhaps hope that they may learn enough to be really useful to their own
people.... Dear uncle, I should indeed rejoice much to see my dear, dear
father and sisters and Jem and all of you if it came in the way of one's
business, but I think, so long as I am well, that the peculiar nature of
this work must require the constant presence of one personally known to,
and not only officially connected with, the natives. While I feel very
strongly that in many ways intercourse occasionally resumed with the
home clergy must be very useful to us, yet if you can understand that
there is no one to take one's place, you see how very unlikely it must
be that I can move from this hemisphere. I say "if you can understand,"
for it does seem sad that one should really be in such a position that
one's presence should be of any consequence; but, till it please God
that the Bishop shall receive other men for this Mission, there is no
other teacher for these lads, and so we must rub on and do the best
we can. Of course I should be most thankful, most happy if, during his
lifetime, I once more found myself at home, but I don't think much nor
speculate about it, and I am very happy, as I am well and hearty. You
won't suspect me of any lessening of strong affection for all that
savours of home. I think that I know every face in Alfington and in
Feniton, and very many in Ottery as of old; I believe I think of all
with increasing affection, but while I wonder at it, I must also confess
that I can and do live happy day after day without enjoying the sight of
those dear faces.

'Always your affectionate and grateful nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


As soon as the 'Southern Cross' had carried Bishop Harper back to
Lyttelton, the Melanesian voyage was recommenced, this time with a
valuable assistant in Mr. Benjamin Dudley. Mrs. Selwyn was again dropped
at Norfolk Island, and five young Pitcairners were taken on board to
serve as a boat's crew, and also to receive instruction.

This was a more extensive voyage than the first, as more time could be
spent on it, but there is less full description, as there was less time
for writing; and besides, these coral islands are much alike. Futuma was
the first new island visited:--

'The canoes did not venture to come off to us, so we went ashore in
the boat, Bishop and I wading ankle-deep to the beach. Forty or fifty
natives under a deep overhanging rock, crouching around a fire, plenty
of lads and boys, no women. Some Tanna men in the group, with their
faces painted red and black, hair (as you know) elaborately frizzled and
dressed with coral lime. The Futuma people speak a different language
from those of Anaiteum, and the Tanna people speak a third (having,
moreover, four dialects of their own). These three islands are all in
sight of each other. Tanna has an active volcano, now smoking away, and
is like a hot-bed, wonderfully fertile. People estimate its population
at 10,000, though it is not very large,--about thirty miles long. At
Futuma, the process by which these coral islands have been upheaved is
well seen. The volcanic rocks are lying under the coral, which has been
gradually thrust upwards by them. As the coral emerged, the animal went
on building under water, continually working lower and lower down upon
and over the volcanic formation, as this heaved in its upward course the
coral formation out of the sea.'

Erromango was occupied by the Scottish Mission, and Mr. Gordon was then
living there in peace and apparent security, when a visit was paid to
him, and Patteson gathered some leaves in Dillon's Bay, the spot where
John Williams met his death sixteen years before, not, as now was
understood, because he was personally disliked, but because he was
unconsciously interfering with a solemnity that was going on upon the
beach.

At Fate Isle, the people were said to be among the wildest in those
seas. When the 'Royal Sovereign' was wrecked, they had killed the whole
crew, nineteen in number, eaten ten at once, and sent the other nine
as presents to their friends. Very few appeared, but there was a good
'opening' exchange of presents.

A great number of small islets lie around Fate, forming part of the
cluster of the New Hebrides, The Bishop had been at most of them before,
and with a boat's crew of three Pitcairners and one English sailor,
starting early and spending all day in the boat, he and Patteson
touched at eleven in three days, and established the first steps to
communication by obtaining 127 names of persons present, and making
gifts. These little volcanic coral isles were all much alike, and
nothing remarkable occurred but the obtaining two lads from Mai, named
Petere and Laure, for a ten months' visit. Poor fellows, they were very
sea-sick at first, and begged to go home again, but soon became very
happy, and this connection with Petere had important consequences in
the end. These lads spoke a language approaching Maori, whereas the Fate
tongue prevailed in the other isles.

At Mallicolo, on August 20, a horrible sight presented itself to the
eyes of the two explorers when they walked inland with about eighteen
most obliging and courteous natives--an open space with four hollowed
trunks of trees surrounding two stones, the trees carved into the shape
of grotesque human heads, and among them, a sort of temple, made of
sloping bamboos and pandanus leaves meeting at the top, from whence
hung a dead man, with his face painted in stripes of red and yellow,
procured, it was thought, from the pollen of flowers. There was not
enough comprehension of the language to make out the meaning of all
this.

Ambrym, the next island, was more than usually lovely, and was destined
to receive many more visits. The women made their approach crawling,
some with babies on their backs. Whitsuntide, where the casks had to be
filled with water, showed a great number of large, resolute-looking men,
whose air demanded caution; 'but,' says the journal, 'practice makes
perfect, and we get the habit of landing among strangers, the knack
of managing with signs and gesticulations, and the feeling of ease
and confidence which engenders confidence and good-will in the others.
Quarrels usually arise from both parties being afraid and suspicious of
each other.'

Leper's Isle owes its unpleasant name to its medicinal springs. It is a
particularly beautiful place, containing a population of good promise.
Three landings were made there, and at the fourth place Patteson jumped
ashore on a rock and spent some time in calming the fears of a party of
natives who had been frightened in their canoe by the boat under
sail overtaking them. 'They fingered bows and arrows, but only from
nervousness,' he says. However, they seem to have suspected the visitors
of designs on their load of fine taro, and it was some time before the
owner would come out and resume it. On all these isles the plan could
as yet only be to learn names and write them down, so as to enquire
for acquaintance next time, either make presents, or barter them for
provisions, discover the class of language, and invite scholars for
another time.

So at Star Island three or four natives said, 'In ten moons you two come
back; very good, then we go with you.' 'I think,' Patteson tells his
sisters, 'you would have liked to have seen me, standing on a rock, with
my two supporters, two fine young men, who will I trust go with us next
time, my arms round their necks, and a fine background of some thirty
or forty dark figures with bows and arrows, &c., and two or three little
rogues, perched on a point of rock above me, just within reach,
asking for fish-hooks.' He says it in all simplicity, but the picture
presupposes some strength of mind in the sisters who were to appreciate
it.

Few natives appeared at Espiritu Santo, and the vessel passed on to
Oanuta or Cherry Island, where the Bishop had never been, and where
a race of dull, good-natured giants was found. The chief was a
noble-looking man with an aquiline nose, and seemed to have them well
under command, and some of the younger men, who had limbs which might
have been a model for a sculptor, could have lifted an ordinary-sized
Englishman as easily as a child. They were unluckily already acquainted
with whalers, whom they thought the right sort of fellows, since they
brought tobacco and spirits, did not interfere with native habits,
nor talk of learning, for which the giants saw no need. The national
complexion here was of a lighter yellow, the costume a tattooed chest,
the language akin to Maori; and it was the same at Tikopia, where four
chiefs, one principal one immensely fat, received their visitors seated
on a mat in the centre of a wide circle formed by natives, the innermost
seated, the others looking over them. These, too, were accustomed to
whalers, and when they found that pigs and yams in exchange for spirits
and tobacco were not the object, they were indifferent. They seemed to
despise fish-hooks, and it was plain that they had even obtained muskets
from the whalers, for there were six in the chiefs house, and one was
fired, not maliciously but out of display. The Bishop told them his
object, and they understood his language, but were uninterested. The fat
chief regaled the two guests with a cocoa-nut apiece, and then seemed
anxious to be rid of them.

The Banks Islands, as usual, were much more hopeful, Santa Maria coming
first. Canoes came round the vessel, and the honesty of the race showed
itself, for one little boy, who had had a fish-hook given him, wished to
exchange it for calico, and having forgotten to restore the hook at
the moment, swam back with it as soon as he remembered it. There was a
landing, and the usual friendly intercourse, but just as the boat had
put off, a single arrow was suddenly shot out of the bush, and fell
about ten yards short. It was curious that the Spanish discoverers
had precisely the same experience. It was supposed to be an act of
individual mischief or fun, and the place obtained the appropriate name
of Cock Sparrow Point.

It was not possible to get into the one landing-place in the wall round
Mota's sugar-loaf, but there was an exchange of civilities with the
Saddleites, and in Vanua Lava, the largest member of the group, a
beautiful harbour was discovered, which the Bishop named Port Patteson,
after the Judge.

The Santa Cruz group was visited again on the 23rd of September. Nothing
remarkable occurred; indeed, Patteson's journal does not mention these
places, but that of the Bishop speaks of a first landing at Nukapu, and
an exchange of names with the old chief Acenana; and the next day of
going to the main island, where swarms of natives swam out, with cries
of Toki, toki, and planks before them to float through the surf.
About 250 assembled at the landing place, as before, chiefly eager for
traffic. The Volcano Isle was also touched at, but the language of the
few inhabitants was incomprehensible. The mountain was smoking, and
red-hot cinders falling as before on the steep side. It was tempting to
climb it and investigate what probably no white man had yet seen, but it
was decided to be more prudent to abstain.

Some events of the visit to Bauro are related in the following letter to
the young cousin whose Confirmation day had been notified to him in time
to be thought of in his prayers:--


'Off San Cristoval: October 5, 1857.

'My dearest Pena,--It was in a heathen land, among a heathen people,
that I passed the Sunday--a day most memorable in your life--on which
I trust you received for the first time the blessed Sacrament of our
Saviour's Body and Blood.

'My darling--, as I knelt in the chiefs house, upon the mat which was
also my bed--the only Christian in that large and beautiful island--my
prayers were, I hope, offered earnestly that the full blessedness of
that heavenly Union with the Lord Jesus Christ, and in Him with the
Father and the Holy Ghost, might rest upon you for ever. I had
reckoned upon being on board that Sunday, when the Holy Eucharist
was administered on board our vessel; but as we reached Mwaata, our
well-known village at San Cristoval, on Saturday, we both agreed that
I had better go ashore while the vessel went away, to return for me on
Monday. My day was now passed strangely enough, my first Sunday in a
land where no Sunday is known.

'It was about 3 P.M. on Saturday when I landed, and it was an effort to
have to talk incessantly till dark. Then the chief Iri went with me
to his house. It is only one oblong room, with a bamboo screen running
halfway across it about half-way down the room. It is only made of
bamboo at the sides, and leaves for the roof. Yams and other vegetables
were placed along the sides. There is no floor, but one or two grass
mats are placed on the ground to sleep on. Iri and his wife, and an
orphan girl about fourteen or fifteen, I suppose, slept on the other
side of the screen; and two lads, called Grariri and Parenga, slept on
my side of it. I can't say I slept at all, for the rats were so very
many, coming in through the bamboo on every side, and making such a
noise I could not sleep, though tired. They were running all about me.

'Well, at daylight I sent Gariri to fetch some water, and shaved and
washed, to the great admiration of Iri and the ladies, and of others
also, who crowded together at the hole which serves for door and
windows. I lay down in my clothes, all but my coat, but I took a razor
and some soap ashore.

'Sunday was spent in going about to different neighbouring settlements,
and climbing the coral rocks was hard work, the thermometer at sea being
85° in the cool cabin, as the Bishop told me to-day.

'Of course many people were at work in the yam grounds, several of which
I saw; but I found considerable parties at the different villages, and
had, on the whole, satisfactory conversations with them. They listened
and asked questions, and I told them as well as I could the simplest
truths of Christianity.

'I had a part of a yam and drank four cocoa-nuts during the day, besides
eating some mixture of yam, taro, and cocoa-nut all pounded together.

'People offered me food and nuts everywhere. Walked back with a boy
called Tahi for my guide, and stopped at several plantations, and talked
with the people.

'Sat out in the cool evening on the beach at Mwaata, after much talk
in a chiefs house called Tarua; people came round me on the beach, and
again I talked with them (a sort of half-preaching, half-conversing
these talks were), till Iri said we must go to bed. Slept a little that
night.

'I can truly say that you were in my head all day. After my evening
prayers, when I thought of you--for it was about 9 P.M. = 10.10 A.M.
with you, and you were on your way to church--I thought of you, kneeling
between your dear mamma and grandmamma, and dear grandpapa administering
to his three beloved ones the Bread of Life, and I was very happy as I
thought of it, for I trust, through the mercy of God, and the merits of
our Lord, that we shall be by Him raised at the Last Day to dwell with
Him for ever. But indeed I must not write to you how very unworthy I
felt to belong to that little company.

'This morning about eleven the vessel's boat came off for me, with the
Bishop. I had arranged about some lads coming on with us, and it ended
in seven joining our party. Only one of our old scholars has come again:
he is that dear boy Grariri, whose name you will remember.

'Now I have had a good change of shirts, etc., and feel clean and
comfortable, though I think a good night's rest will do me no harm. I
have written to you the first minute that I had time. What a blessed,
happy day it must have been for you, and I am sure they thought of you
at Feniton.

'Your loving cousin,

'J. C. P.'


This strange Sunday was spent in conversation with different sets of
natives, and that some distinct ideas were conveyed was plain from what
old Iri was overheard saying to a man who was asking him whether he had
not a guest who spoke Bauro: 'Yes,' said Iri, adding that 'he said men
were not like dogs, or pigs, or birds, or fishes, because these cannot
speak or think. They all die, and no one knows anything more about them,
but he says we shall not die like that, but rise up again.'

On Monday, the 7th of October, Grera was revisited, and Toto, a last
year's scholar, came forth with his welcome in a canoe; but it was
rather a mixed success, for the danger of the vessel on her previous
visit was a warning against bringing her into the harbour, where there
was no safe anchorage, and this disappointed the people. Thirteen,
indeed, slept on board, and the next morning sixty canoes surrounded
the vessel, and some hundred and sixty came on deck at once; but they
brought only one pig and a few yams, and refused to fetch more, saying
it was too far--a considerable inconvenience, considering the necessity
of providing the Melanesian passengers with vegetable food. The whole
nine slept in the inner cabin, Orariri on Patteson's sofa, 'feet to
feet, the others on the floor like herrings in a barrel.'

The great island of New Caledonia was next visited. The Bishop had been
there before, and Basset, one of the chiefs, lamented that he had been
so long absent, and pleaded hard to have an English missionary placed in
his part of the country. It was very sad to have no means of complying
with the entreaty, and the Bishop offered him a passage to Auckland,
there to speak for himself. He would have come, but that it was the
season for planting his yams; but he hoped to follow, and in the
meantime sent a little orphan named Kanambat to be brought up at
Auckland. The little fellow was pleased enough with the ship at first,
but when his countrymen who had been visiting there left her, he jumped
overboard and was swimming like a duck after them, when, at a sign from
the Bishop, one of the Pitcairners leapt after him, and speedily brought
him back. He soon grew very happy and full of play and fun, and was well
off in being away from home, for the French were occupying the island,
and poor Basset shortly after was sent a prisoner to Tahiti for refusing
to receive a Roman Catholic priest.

Nengone were reached on October 23, and most of the old scholars were
ready with a warm welcome; but Mr. Creagh, the London missionary, had
taken Wadrokala away with him on an expedition, and of the others, only
Kowine was ready to return, though the two married couples were going
on well, and one previous scholar of the Bishop's and four new
ones presented themselves as willing to go. Urgent letters from the
neighbouring isle of Lifu entreated the Bishop to come thither, and,
with a splendid supply of yams, the 'Southern Cross' again set sail,
and arrived on the 26th. This island had entirely abandoned heathenism,
under the guidance of the Samoans. The people felt that they had come to
the end of the stock of teaching of these good men, and entreated for an
Englishman from the Bishop, and thus, here was the third island in this
one voyage begging for a shepherd, and only one English priest had been
found to offer himself to that multitude of heathen!

The only thing that could be done was to take John Cho, a former St.
John's scholar, to receive instruction to fit him for a teacher, and
with him came his young wife Naranadune, and their babe, whom the Bishop
had just baptized in the coral-lime chapel, with three other children.

The next few days were spent in great anxiety for Wailumai, a youth
from Grera, who was taken ill immediately after dinner with a most
distressing difficulty of breathing. He proved to have a piece of sugar
cane in his throat, which made every breath agony, and worked a small
ulcer in the throat. All through the worst Patteson held him in his
arms, with his hand on his chest: several times he seemed gone, and
ammonia and sal volatile barely revived him. His first words after he
was partially relieved were, 'I am Bishop! I am Patihana!' meaning that
he exchanged names with them, the strongest possible proof of affection
in Melanesian eyes. He still seemed at the point of death, and they made
him say, 'God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost! Jesus
Christ, Son of God.' At last a favourable change took place, but he
continued so ill for several days that his two attendants never did more
than lie down in their clothes; nor was it till the third day that he
at length coughed up the piece of cane that had caused the mischief. He
still required so much care that Patteson did not go on shore at Norfolk
Island when the five Pitcairners were exchanged for Mrs. Selwyn.

On November 15 Auckland harbour was again reached after this signally
prosperous voyage. It is thus summed up in a letter written two days
later:--


'November 17, 1857: St. John's College.

'My dear Miss Neill,--Thanks for your £21. 2s., and more thanks still
for your prayers and constant interest in this part of the world. After
nearly seventeen weeks at sea, we returned safely on Sunday morning
the 15th, with thirty-three Melanesians, gathered from nine islands and
speaking eight languages. Plenty of work for me: I can teach tolerably
in three, and have a smattering of one or two more.

'One is the wife of a young man, John Cho, an old scholar baptized. His
half-brother is chief of Lifu Isle, a man of great influence. The London
Mission (Independents) are leaving all their islands unprovided with
missionaries, and these people having been much more frequently visited
by the Bishop than by the "John Williams," turn to him for help. By and
by I will explain all this: at present no time.

'We visited sixty-six islands and landed eighty-one times, wading,
swimming, &c.; all most friendly and delightful; only two arrows shot
at us, and only one went near--so much for savages. I wonder what people
ought to call sandal-wood traders and slave-masters if they call my
Melanesians savages.

'You will hear accounts of the voyage from Fanny. I have a long journal
going to my father, but I can't make time to write at length any more.
I am up before five and not in bed before eleven, and you know I must be
lazy sometimes. It does me good. Oh! how great a trial sickness would be
to me! In my health now all seems easy. Were I circumstanced like you,
how much I should no doubt repine and murmur. God has given me hitherto
a most merciful share of blessings, and my dear father's cordial
approbation of and consent to my proceedings is among the greatest....

'The anniversary of my dear mother's death comes round in ten days. That
is my polar star (humanly speaking), and whensoever it pleases God to
take my dear dear father to his rest, how blessed to think of their
waiting for us, if it be His merciful will to bring me too to dwell
before Him with them for ever.

'I must end, for I am very busy. The weather is cold, and my room full
of lads and young men. If I was not watching like a cat they would be
standing about in all sorts of places and catching cold.

'I send you in a box, a box made by Pitcairners of Pitcairn woods.

'Ever your loving old pupil,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The little New Caledonian remained at Taurarua with the Bishop, and as
there was no woman at St. John's to take the charge of Cho's wife, she
was necessarily sent to Mrs. Kissling's school for Maori girls, while
her husband pursued his studies at St. John's.

Patteson often gave his services at the Maori village of Orakei, where
there was to be a central native school managed by Pirimona (Philemon),
a well-trained man, a candidate for Holy Orders.

'However, this did not satisfy his countrymen. As if I had not enough to
do, old Wi comes with a request from the folks at Orakei that I would be
their "minita," and take the management of the concern. Rather rich, is
it not? I said, of course, that I was minita for the islanders. "Oh, let
the Bishop take another man for that, you are the minister for us." He
is, you know, wonderfully tatooed, and a great object of curiosity to
the boys!

Before many days had passed, there had occurred the first case of that
fatal tetanus, which became only too well known to those concerned in
the Mission. Of course, all weapons were taken from the scholars; but
one of the San Cristoval boys, named Tohehammai, fetched one of his own
arrows out of Mr. Dudley's room to exchange with an English lad for a
shirt, and as he was at play, carrying the arrow in his left hand behind
his back and throwing a stick like a spear with the other, he sharply
pricked his right arm, within the elbow, against the point of the arrow;
but thinking nothing of the hurt, and knowing that the weapons were
forbidden playthings, he said nothing for twelve days, but then
complained of stiffness in the arm. Two doctors happened to be at the
college that day; one thought it rheumatism, the other mentioned the
word tetanus, but for three days more the arm was merely stiff, it
was hung in a sling, and the boy went about as usual, until, on the
fifteenth day, spasmodic twitchings in the arm came on.

Liniment of chloroform was rubbed in, and the boy was kept under
chloroform, but in vain; the next day his whole body was perfectly
rigid, with occasional convulsions. About 4 p.m. his throat had become
contracted, and the endeavour to give him nourishment brought on
convulsive attacks. The Bishop came at 8. p.m., and after another
attempt at giving him food, which produced a further spasm, he was lying
quietly when Patteson felt his pulse stop.

'"He is dying!" the Bishop said. '"Father, into Thy hands we commend his
spirit."'

Patteson's 'Amen' came from his heart. The poor fellow made no sound
as he lay with his frame rigid, his back arched so that an arm could
be thrust under it. He was gone in that moment, unbaptized. Patteson
writes:--

'I had much conflict with myself about it. He had talked once with me in
a very hopeful way, but during his illness I could not obtain from him
any distinct profession of faith, anything to make me feel pretty sure
that some conviction of the truth of what he he had been taught, and not
mere learning by rote, was the occasion of his saying what he did say. I
did wish much that I might talk again with the Bishop about it, but his
death took us by surprise. I pray God that all my omission and neglect
of duty may be repaired, and that his very imperfect and unconscious
yearnings after the truth may be accepted for Christ's sake.'

The arrow was reported to have been poisoned, but by the time the cause
of the injury had been discovered it had been thrown away and could not
be recovered for examination. Indeed, lockjaw seems to be so prevalent
in the equatorial climates, and the natives so peculiarly liable to it,
that poison did not seem needful to account for the catastrophe.

Altogether, these lads were exotics in New Zealand, and exceedingly
fragile. In the very height of summer they had to wear corduroy
trousers, blue serge shirts, red woollen comforters, and blue Scotch
caps, and the more delicate a thick woollen jersey in addition; and with
all these precautions they were continually catching cold, or getting
disordered, and then the Bauro and Grera set could only support such
treatment as young children generally need. The Loyalty Islanders were
much tougher and stronger and easier to treat, but they too showed that
the climate of Auckland was a hard trial to their constitutions.

On the last day of March came tidings of the sudden death of the
much-beloved and honoured Dr. James Coleridge of Thorverton.

'It is a great shock,' says the letter written the same day; 'not that
I feel unhappy exactly, nor low, but that many many memories are revived
and keep freshening on my mind.... And since I left England his warm,
loving, almost too fond letters have bound me very closely to him,
and sorely I shall miss the sight of his handwriting; though he may be
nearer to me now than before, and his love for me is doubtless even more
pure and fervent.

'I confess I had thought sometimes that if it pleased God to take you
first, the consciousness that he would be with you was a great comfort
to me--not that any man is worth much then. God must be all in all. But
yet he of all men was the one who would have been a real comfort to you,
and even more so to others.' To his cousin he writes:--


'Wednesday in Passion Week, 1858: St. John's College.

'My dearest Sophy,--Your letter with the deep black border was the first
that I opened, with trembling hand, thinking: "Is it dear dear Uncle
gone to his eternal rest; or dear Aunty? not that dear child, may God
grant; for that would somehow seem to all most bitter of all--less, so
to speak, reasonable and natural." And he is really gone; that dear,
loving, courageous, warm-hearted servant of Christ; the desire of our
eyes taken away with a stroke. I read your letter wondering that I was
not upset, knelt down and said the two prayers in the Burial Service,
and then came the tears; for the memory of him rose up very vividly
before me, and his deep love for me and the notes of comfort and
encouragement he used to write were very fresh in my mind. I looked
at the print of him, the one he sent out to me, with "your loving old
Uncle" in pencil on it. I have all his letters: when making a regular
clearance some months ago, I could not tear up his, although dangerous
ones for me to read unless used as a stimulant to become what he thought
me. His "Jacob" sermon in his own handwriting, I have by me. But more
than all, the memory of his holy life, and his example as a minister of
Christ, have been left behind for us as a sweet, undying fragrance;
his manner in the sick-room--I see him now, and hear that soft, steady,
clear voice repeating verses over my dear mother's death-bed; his
kindly, loving ways to his poor people; his voice and look in the
pulpit, never to be forgotten. I knew I should never see him again in
this world. May God of His mercy take me to be with him hereafter.

'Thank you, dear Sophy, for writing to me; every word about him is
precious, from his last letter to me:--

'"You will believe how sweet it is to me every month now to give the
Holy Eucharist to my three dear ones."

'"All complaints of old men must be serious."

'I wish I had more time to write, but I am too busy in the midst of
school, and printing Scripture histories and private prayers, and
translations in Nengone, Bauro, Lifu; and as all my time out of school
is spent in working in the printing office, I really have not a minute
unoccupied. With one exception, I have scarcely ever taken an hour's
walk for some six weeks. A large proportion of the printing is actually
set up by my own fingers; but now one Nengone lad, the flower of my
flock, can help me much--a young man about seventeen or eighteen,
of whom I hope very much--Malo, baptized by the name of Harper, an
excellent young man, and a great comfort to me. He was setting up in
type a part of the little book of private prayers I am now printing for
them. I had just pointed out to him the translation of what would be in
English--"It is good that a man as he lies down to sleep should remember
that that night he may hear the summons of the Angel of God; so then let
him think of his death, and remember the words of St. Paul: 'Awake, thou
that sleepest,'" etc.; when in came the man whom the Archdeacon left
in charge here with my letters. "I hope, sir, there is no bad news for
you;" and my eye lighted on the deep black border of your envelope.

'To-morrow, if I live, I enter upon my thirty-second year--a solemn
warning I have received to-day, as another year is passing from me. May
some portion of his spirit rest on me to bless my poor attempt to
do what he did so devotedly for more than forty years: his duty as a
soldier and servant of his Lord and Master, into whose joy he has no
doubt now entered.

'Easter Day.--What an Easter for him! and doubtless we all who will by
and by, as the world rolls round, receive the Holy Eucharist shall be in
some way united to him as well as to all departed saints--members of His
Mystical Body.

'April 12.--Bishop came out yesterday afternoon from Auckland. After
baptisms at 5, and evening service at 7, sat till past 11 settling
plans: thus, God willing, start this day fortnight to return the
boys--this will occupy about two months; as we come back from the far
north, he will drop one at Lifu, one of the Loyalty Islands, with large
population; he will go on to New Zealand, stay perhaps six weeks in New
Zealand, or it may be two months; so that with the time occupied by his
voyage from Lifu to New Zealand, 1,000 miles and back, he will be away
from Lifu about two and a half or three months. Then, picking me up
(say about September 12), we go on at once to the whole number of our
islands, spending three months or so among them, getting back to New
Zealand about the end of November. So that I shall be in Melanesia,
D.V., from the beginning of May to the end of November. I shall be able
to write once more before we start--letters which you will get by the
June mail from Sydney--and of course I shall send letters by the Bishop
when he leaves me at Lifu. But I shall not be able to hear again from
England till the Bishop comes to pick me up in September. Never mind. I
shall have plenty to do; and I can think of those dear ones at home, and
of you all, in God's keeping, with perfect comfort. The Lifu people are
in a more critical state than any others just now, otherwise I
should probably stop at San Cristoval. A few years ago they were very
wild--cannibals of course; but they are now building chapels, and
thirsting for the living waters. What a privilege and responsibility
to go to them as Christ's minister, to a people longing for the glad
tidings of the Gospel of Peace. Samoan teachers have been for a good
many years among them.

'I cannot write now to dearest Aunty or Pena.

'May God bless you and abundantly comfort you.... I think I see his dear
face. I see him always.

'Your loving cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Cho's wife had arrived in a cart at the College when her baby was a day
old, so rapid is recovery with mothers in those climates. 'I saw the
baby,' observes the journal, quite strong, not dark,--but I don't care
for them till they can talk; on the contrary, I think them a great bore,
especially in wooden houses, where a child with good lungs may easily
succeed in keeping all the inhabitants awake.'

'April 12.--Settled that I stop at Lifu in the interval between the two
voyages. I think Lifu wants me more than any other island just now. Some
15,000 or 20,000 stretching out their hands to God. The London Mission
(Independent) sent Samoan teachers long ago, but no missionary, even
after frequent applications. At last they applied personally to the
Bishop, he being well known to them of old. I can't go for good, because
I have of course to visit all these islands; but I shall try to spend
all the time that I am not at sea or with boys in New Zealand, perhaps
three months yearly, with them, till they can be provided with a regular
clergyman.

'So I shall have no letters from you till the return of the vessel to
pick me up in September. But be sure you think of me as very happy and
well cared for, though, I am glad to say, not a white man on the
island; lots of work, but I shall take much exercise and see most of
the inhabitants. The island is large, not so large as Bauro, but still
large.

'You will say all that is kind to all relations, Buckerell, etc. Thank
the dear old vicar for the spurs, and tell him that I had a battle royal
the other day with a colonial steed, which backed into the bush, and
kicked, and played the fool amazingly, till I considerably astonished
him into a gallop, in the direction I wanted to go, by a vigorous
application of the said spurs.

'God bless and keep you all.

'Your loving

'J. C. PATTESON.'


A few days later he writes:--


'The "Southern Cross," returning to Lifu, will bring my letters; but
unless a stray whaler comes to Lifu while I am there, on its way to
Sydney, that will be the only exchange of letters. I am afraid this will
be an increase of the trial of separation to you all, but it is not
sent until you have learnt to do pretty well without me, and you will be
comforted by knowing that this island of Lifu, with many inhabitants, is
in a very critical state; that what it most wants is a missionary, and
that as far as I am concerned, all the people will be very anxious to do
all they can for me. I take a filter and some tea. We shall have yams,
taro, cocoa-nuts, occasionally a bit of turtle, a fowl, or a bit of
pork. So, you see, I shall live like an alderman; I mean, if I am to
go to every part of the island, heathen and all. Perhaps 20,000 people,
scattered over many miles. I say heathen and all, because only a very
small number of the people now refuse to admit the new teaching. Samoans
have been for some time on the island, and though, I dare say, their
teaching has been very imperfect and only perhaps ten or fifteen people
are baptized, they have chapels, and are far advanced beyond any of the
islands except Nengone and Toke, always excepting Anaiteum. Hence it is
thought the leaven may work quietly in the Solomon Islands without me,
but that at Lifu they really require guidance. So now I have a parochial
charge for three months of an island about twenty-five miles long and
some sixteen or eighteen broad.

'I feel that my letters, after so long an absence, may contain much to
make me anxious, so that I shall not look with unmixed pleasure to my
return to my great packet; yet I feel much less anxiety than you might
imagine; I know well that you are in God's keeping, and that is enough.'

After just touching at Nengone early in May the 'Southern Cross' went on
to Lifu, and on landing, the Bishop and Mr. Patteson found a number of
people ready to receive them, and to conduct them to the village, where
the chief and a great number of people were drawn up in a half-circle
to receive them. The young chief, Angadhohua, bowed and touched his hat,
and taking Coley's hand, held it, and whispered, 'We will always live
together.'

'By and by we will talk about it,' was the answer; and they were taken
to a new house, belonging to one of the Samoans, built of lath plastered
and thatch, with one large room and a lesser one at each of its angles.
There the Bishop and Mr. Patteson sat on a chest, and seventy or eighty
men squatted on mats, John Cho and the native teacher foremost. There
was a five minutes' pause. Lifu was not yet familiar to Coley, who spoke
it less well than he had spoken German, and John Cho said to him: 'Shall
I tell them what you have said to me formerly?'

He then explained that Mr. Patteson could only offer them a visit of
three or four months, and would then have the charge of lads from 'dark
isles.'

Silence again; then Angadhohua asked: 'Cannot you stop always?'

'There are many difficulties which you cannot understand, which prevent
me. Would you like me to shut the door which God has opened to so many
dark lands?'

'No, no; but why not have the summer school here as well as the winter?'

'Because it does the lads good to see New Zealand, and because the
Bishop, who knows better than I do, thinks it right.'

'And cannot we have a missionary?'

However, they were forced to content themselves with all that could be
granted to them, and it was further explained that Mr. Patteson would
not supersede the native teachers, nor assume the direction of the
Sunday services, only keep a school which any one might join who liked.
This was felt to be only right in good faith to the London Mission, in
order not to make dire confusion if they should be able to fill up the
gap before the Church could.

After sleeping in the house, Patteson produced the books that had been
printed for them at St. John's.

'Would that you could have seen their delight! About two pages,
indifferently printed, was all they had hitherto. Now they saw
thirty-two clearly printed 8vo. pages of Bible History, sixteen of
prayers, rubrics, &c., eight of questions and answers. "You see," said
I cunningly; "that we don't forget you during these months that I can't
live among you."'

They began reading at once, and crying, 'Excellent, exactly right, the
very thing.'

It was thought good that some one from Lifu should join the Mission
party and testify to their work, and on the invitation, the chief,
Angadhohua, a bright youth of seventeen, volunteered to go. It was an
unexampled thing that a chief should be permitted by his people to
leave them, there was a public meeting about it, and a good deal of
excitement, but it ended in Cho, as spokesman, coming forward with tears
in his eyes, saying, 'Yes, it is right he should go, but bring him back
soon. What shall we do?'

Patteson laid his hand on the young chief's shoulder, answering, 'God
can guard him by sea as on land, and with His blessing we will bring him
back safe to you. Let some of the chiefs go with him to protect him. I
will watch over him, but you may choose whom you will to accompany him.'

So five chiefs were selected as a body-guard for the young Angadhohua,
who was prince of all the isle, but on an insecure tenure, for the
French, in New Caledonia, were showing a manifest inclination to annex
the Loyalty group.

The heavily loaded boat had a perilous strife with the surf before the
ship was reached, and it was a very rough passage to Anaiteum, where
some goods had to be left for Mr. Inglis, and he asked that four Fate
visitors might be taken home. This was done, and Mr. Grordon was visited
at Erromango on the way, and found well and prosperous.

At Mai, the reception of Petere and Laure was ecstatic. There was a
crowd on shore to meet them, and on the two miles' walk to the village
parties met, hugged, and wept over them. At the village Mr. Patteson
addressed the people for ten minutes, and Petere made an animated
exposition of what he had learnt, and his speeches evidently had great
effect. His younger brother and two little boys all came in his stead,
and would form part of the winter school at Lifu.

The Espiritu Santo boy, the dunce of the party, was set down at
home, and the Banks Islanders were again found pleasant, honest, and
courteous, thinking, as it appeared afterwards, that the white men were
the departed spirits of deceased friends. A walk inland at Vanua Lava
disclosed pretty villages nestling under banyan trees, one of them
provided with a guest-chamber for visitors from other islands. Two boys,
Sarawia and another, came away to be scholars at Lifu, as well as his
masters in the language, of which he as yet scarcely knew anything,
but which he afterwards found the most serviceable of all these various
dialects.

The 26th of May brought the vessel to Bauro, where poor old Iri was
told of the death of his son, and had a long talk with Mr. Patteson,
beginning with, 'Do you think I shall see him again?' It was a talk
worth having, though it was purchased by spending a night in the house
with the rats.

It seemed as though the time were come for calling on the Baurese to
cease to be passive, and sixty or seventy men and women having come
together, Mr. Patteson told them that he did not mean to go on merely
taking their boys to return them with heaps of fish-hooks and knives,
but that, unless they cared for good teaching, to make them good and
happy here and hereafter, he should not come like a trader or a whaler.
That their sons should go backwards and forwards and learn, but to teach
at home; and that they ought to build a holy house, where they might
meet to pray to God and learn His will.

Much of this was evidently distasteful, though they agreed to build a
room.

'I think,' he writes, 'that the trial stage of the work has arrived.
This has less to attract outwardly than the first beginning of all, and
as here they must take a definite part, they (the great majority who
are not yet disposed to decide for good) are made manifest, and the
difficulty of displacing evil customs is more apparent.'

In fact, these amiable, docile Baurese seemed to have little manliness
or resolution of character, and Sumaro, a scholar of 1857, was
especially disappointing, for he pretended to wish to come and learn at
Lifu, but only in order to get a passage to Gera, where he deserted, and
was well lectured for his deceit.

The Gera people were much more warlike and turbulent, and seemed to have
more substance in them, though less apt at learning. Patteson spent the
night on shore at Perua, a subsidiary islet in the bay, sleeping in a
kind of shed, upon two boards, more comfortably than was usual on these
occasions. Showing confidence was one great point, and the want of safe
anchorage in the bay was much regretted, because the people could not
understand why the vessel would not come in, and thought it betokened
mistrust. Many lads wished to join the scholars, but of those who were
chosen, two were forced violently overboard by their friends, and only
two eventually remained, making a total of twelve pupils for the
winter school at Lifu, with five languages between them--seven with the
addition of the Nengone and Lifu scholars.

'You see,' writes Patteson on June 10, on the voyage, 'that our
difficulty is in training and organising nations, raising them from
heathenism to the life, morally and socially, of a Christian. This is
what I find so hard. The communication of religious truth by word of
mouth is but a small part of the work. The real difficulty is to do for
them what parents do for their children, assist them to--nay, almost
force upon them--the practical application of Christian doctrine. This
descends to the smallest matters, washing, scrubbing, sweeping, all
actions of personal cleanliness, introducing method and order, habits
of industry, regularity, giving just notions of exchange, barter, trade,
management of criminals, division of labour. To do all this and yet not
interfere with the offices of the chief, and to be the model and pattern
of it, who is sufficient for it?'

On June 16, Mr. Patteson was landed at Lifu, for his residence there,
with the five chiefs, his twelve boys, and was hospitably welcomed to
the large new house by the Samoan. He and four boys slept in one of the
corner rooms, the other eight lads in another, the Rarotongan teacher,
Tutoo, and his wife in a third. The central room was parlour, school,
and hall, and as it had four unglazed windows, and two doors opposite
to each other, and the trade-wind always blowing, the state of affairs
after daylight was much like that which prevailed in England when King
Alfred invented lanterns, while in the latter end of June the days were,
of course, as short as they could be on the tropic of Capricorn, so that
Patteson got up in the dark at 5-30 in the morning.

At 7 the people around dropped in for prayers, which he thought it
better not to conduct till his position was more defined. Then came
breakfast upon yams cooked by being placed in a pit lined with heated
stones, with earth heaped over the top. Mr. and Mrs. Tutoo, with their
white guest, sat at the scrap of a table, 'which, with a small stool,
was the only thing on four legs in the place, except an occasional
visitor in the shape of a pig.' Then followed school. Two hundred Lifu
people came, and it was necessary to hold it in the chapel. One o'clock,
dinner on yams, and very rarely on pig or a fowl, baked or rather done
by the same process; and in the afternoon some reading and slate work
with the twelve Melanesians, and likewise some special instruction to a
few of the more promising Lifuites. At 6.30, another meal of yams, but
this time Patteson had recourse to his private store of biscuit; and the
evening was spent in talk, till bedtime at 9 or 9.30. It was a thorough
sharing the native life; but after a few more experiments, it was found
that English strength could not be kept up on an exclusive diet of
yams, and the Loyalty Isles are not fertile. They are nothing but rugged
coral, in an early stage of development; great ridges, upheaved, bare
and broken, and here and there with pits that have become filled with
soil enough to grow yams and cocoa-nuts.

The yams--except those for five of the lads, whose maintenance some of
the inhabitants had undertaken--were matter of purchase, and formed the
means of instruction in the rules of lawful exchange. A fixed weight of
yams were to constitute prepayment for a pair of trousers, a piece of
calico, a blanket, tomahawk, or the like, and all this was agreed to,
Cho being a great assistance in explaining and dealing with his people.
But it proved very difficult to keep them up to bringing a sufficient
supply, and as they had a full share of the universal spirit of
haggling, the commissariat was a very harassing and troublesome
business, and as to the boys, it was evident that the experiment was
not successful. Going to New Zealand was seeing the world. Horses,
cows, sheep, a town, soldiers, &c., were to be seen there, whereas Lifu
offered little that they could not see at home, and schooling without
novelty was tedious. Indeed, the sight of civilised life, the being
taken to church, the kindness of the friends around the College, were no
slight engines in their education; but the Lifu people were not advanced
enough to serve as an example--except that they had renounced the more
horrible of their heathen habits. They were in that unsettled state
which is peculiarly trying in the conversion of nations, when the old
authoritative customs have been overthrown, and the Christian rules not
established.

It was a good sign that the respect for the chief was not diminished.
One evening an English sailor (for there turned out to be three whites
on the island) who was employed in the sandal-wood trade was in the
house conversing with Tutoo, when Angadhohua interrupted him, and he--in
ignorance of the youth's rank--pushed him aside out of the way. The
excitement was great. A few years previously the offender would have
been killed on the spot, and as it was, it was only after apology and
explanation of his ignorance that he was allowed to go free; but an
escort was sent with him to a place twenty miles off lest any one should
endeavour to avenge the insult, not knowing it had been forgiven.

Many of the customs of these Loyalty Isles are very unhealthy, and
the almost exclusive vegetable diet produced a low habit of body, that
showed itself in all manner of scrofulous diseases, especially tumours,
under which the sufferer wasted and died. Much of Patteson's time was
taken up by applications from these poor creatures, who fancied him
sure to heal them, and had hardly the power, certainly not the will, to
follow his advice.

Nor had he any authority. He only felt himself there on sufferance
till the promised deputation should come from Rarotonga from the London
Mission, to decide whether the island should be reserved by them, or
yielded to the Church. Meantime he says on Sunday:--

'Tutoo has had a pretty hard day's work of it, poor fellow, and he is
anything but strong. At 9.30 we all went to the chapel, which began by
a hymn sung as roughly as possible, but having rather a fine effect from
the fact of some 400 or 500 voices all singing in unison. Then a long
extemporary prayer, then another hymn, then a sermon nearly an hour
long. It ought not to have taken more than a quarter of an hour, but it
was delivered very slowly, with endless repetitions, otherwise there was
some order and arrangement about it. Another hymn brought the service to
an end about 11. But his work was not done; school instantly succeeded
in the same building, and though seven native teachers were working
their classes, the burthen of it fell on him. School was concluded
with a short extemporary prayer. At three, service again--hymn, prayer,
another long sermon, hymn, and at last we were out of chapel, there
being no more school.'

'To be sure,' is the entry on another Sunday, 'little thought I of old
that Sunday after Sunday I should frequent an Independent chapel. As for
extemporary prayer not being a form, that is absurd. These poor fellows
just repeat their small stock of words over and over again, and but
that they are evidently in earnest, it would seem shockingly irreverent
sometimes. Most extravagant expressions! Tutoo is a very simple,
humble-minded man, and I like him much. He would feel the help and
blessing of a Prayer-book, poor fellow, to be a guide to him; but even
the Lord's Prayer is never heard among them.'

So careful was Mr. Patteson not to offend the men who had first worked
on these islands, that on one Sunday when Tutoo was ill, he merely
gave a skeleton of a sermon to John Cho to preach. On the 27th of July,
however, the deputation arrived in the 'John Williams'--two ministers,
and Mr. Creagh on his way back to Nengone, and the upshot of the
conference on board, after a dinner in the house of Apollo, the native
teacher, was that as they had no missionary for Lifu, they made no
objection to Mr. Patteson working there at present, and that if in
another year they received no reinforcement from home, they would take
into consideration the making over their teachers to him. 'My position
is thus far less anomalous, my responsibility much increased. God will,
I pray and trust, strengthen me to help the people and build them up in
the faith of Christ.'

'August 2.--Yesterday I preached my two first Lifu sermons; rather
nervous, but I knew I had command of the language enough to explain my
meaning, and I thought over the plan of my sermons and selected texts.
Fancy your worthy son stuck up in a pulpit, without any mark of the
clergyman save white tie and black coat, commencing service with a hymn,
then reading the second chapter of St. Matthew, quite new to them, then
a prayer, extemporary, but practically working in, I hope, the principle
and much of the actual language of the Prayer-book--i.e. Confession,
prayer for pardon, expression of belief and praise--then another hymn,
the sermon about forty minutes. Text: "I am the Way," &c. Afternoon:
"Thy Word is a lantern unto my feet."

'You can easily understand how it was simple work to point out that a
man lost his way by his sin, and was sent out from dwelling with God;
the recovery of the way by which we may again return to Paradise is
practically the one great event which the whole Bible is concerned in
teaching. The subject admitted of any amount of illustration and
any amount of reference to the great facts of Scripture history, and
everything converges to the Person of Christ. I wish them to see clearly
the great points--first, God's infinite love, and the great facts by
which He has manifested His Love from the very first, till the coming
of Christ exhibited most clearly the infinite wisdom and love by which
man's return to Paradise has been effected.

'Significant is that one word to the thief on the Cross "Paradise." The
way open again; the guardian angel no longer standing with flaming sword
in the entrance; admission to the Tree of Life.'

'The services were much shorter than usual, chiefly because I don't
stammer and bungle, and take half an hour to read twenty verses of the
Bible, and also because I discarded all the endless repetitions and
unmeaning phrases, which took up half the time of their unmeaning
harangues. About an hour sufficed for the morning-service; the evening
one might have been a little longer. I feel quite at my ease while
preaching, and John told me it was all very clear; but the prayers--oh!
I did long for one of our Common Prayer-books.'

One effect of the Independent system began to reveal itself strongly.
How could definite doctrines be instilled into the converts by teachers
with hardly any books, and no formula to commit to memory? What was the
faith these good Samoans knew and taught?

'No doctrinal belief exists among them,' writes Patteson, in the third
month of his stay. 'A man for years has been associated with those who
are called "the people that seek Baptism." He comes to me:--

'J. G. P. 'Who instituted baptism?

'A. Jesus.

'J. G. P. And He sent His Apostles to baptize in the Name of Whom?

'Dead silence.

'"Why do you wish to be baptized?"

'"To live."

'"All that Jesus has done for us, and given to us, and taught us, is for
that object. What is the particular benefit we receive in baptism?" 'No
conception.' Such is their state.

'I would not hesitate if I thought there were any implicit recognition
of the doctrine of the Trinity; but I can't baptize people morally good
who don't know the Name into which they are to be baptized, who can't
tell me that Jesus is God and man. There is a lad who soon must die of
consumption, whom I now daily examine. He has not a notion of any truth
revealed from above, and to be embraced and believed as truth upon the
authority of God's Word. A kind of vague morality is the substitute for
the Creed of the Apostles. What am I to do? I did speak out for three
days consecutively pretty well, but I am alone, and only here for four
months, and yet, I fear, I am expecting too much from them, and that
I ought to be content with something much less as the (so to speak)
qualifications; but surely they ought to repent and believe. To say the
word, "I believe," without a notion of what they believe, surely that
won't do. They must be taught, and then baptized, according to our
Lord's command, suited for adults.'

Constant private teaching to individuals was going on, and the 250
copies of the Lifu primer were dispersed where some thousands were
wanted, and Mr. Patteson wrote a little book of sixteen pages,
containing the statement of the outlines of the faith, and of Scripture
history; but this could not be dispersed till it had been printed in New
Zealand.

And in the meantime a fresh element of perplexity was arising. The
French had been for some time past occupying New Caledonia, and a bishop
had been sent thither about the same time as Bishop Selwyn had gone to
New Zealand; but though an earnest and hardworking man, he had never
made much progress. He had the misfortune of being connected in the
people's minds with French war ships and aggression, and, moreover, the
South Sea race seem to have a peculiar distaste for the Roman Catholic
branch of the Church, for which it is not easy to account.

The Loyalty Isles, as lying so near to New Caledonia, were tempting to
the French Empire, and the Bishop at the same time felt it his duty to
attempt their conversion.

Some priests had been placed at the north end of the island for about
six months past, but the first communication was a letter on July
6, complaining, partly in French, partly in English, that since Mr.
Patteson's arrival, the people had been making threatening reports.
Now Mr. Patteson had from the first warned them against showing any
unkindness to the French priests, and he wrote a letter of explanation,
and arranged to go and hold a conference. On the way, while supping with
the English sailor, at the village where he was to sleep, he heard a
noise, and found the Frenchman, Pere Montrouzier, had arrived. He was
apparently about forty; intelligent, very experienced in mission work,
and conversant with the habits and customs of French and English in
the colonies; moreover, with plenty of firmness in putting forward his
cause. He seems to have been supported by the State in a manner unusual
with French missions.

'I had one point only that I was determined to press (Patteson says),
namely, liberty to the people to follow any form of religion they might
choose to adopt. I knew that they and I were completely in his power,
yet that my line was to assume that we were now about to arrange our
plans for the future independently of any interference from the civil
power.

'He let me see that he knew he could force upon the Lifu people whatever
he pleased, the French Government having promised him any number of
soldiers he may send for to take possession, if necessary, of the
island. They have 1,000 men in New Caledonia, steamers and frigates of
war; and he told me plainly that this island and Nengone are considered
as natural appendages of New Caledonia, and practically French
possessions already, so that, of course, to attempt doing more than
secure for the people a religious liberty is out of the question. He
promised me that if the people behaved properly to him and his people,
he would not send for the soldiers, nor would he do anything to
interfere with the existing state of the island.

'He will not himself remain here long, being commissioned, in
consequence of his fourteen years' experience, to prepare the way for
the French mission here. He told me that twenty missionaries are coming
out for this group, about seven or eight of whom will be placed on Lifu,
others on Nengone, &c.; that the French Government is determined to
support them; that the Commandant of Nimia in New Caledonia had sent
word to him that any number of men should be sent to him at an instant's
notice, in a war steamer, to do what he might wish in Lifu, but that
honestly he would do nothing to compel the people here to embrace
Romanism; but that if necessary he would use force to establish the
missionaries in houses in different parts of the island, if the chiefs
refused to sell them parcels of land, for instance, one acre. The
captain of the "Iris," an English frigate, called on him on Monday, and
sent me a letter by him, making it quite clear that the French will meet
with no opposition from the English Government. He too knew this, and
of course knew his power; but he behaved, I must say, well, and if he
is really sincere about the liberty of religion question, I must be
satisfied with the result of our talk. I was much tired. We slept
together on a kind of bed in an unfurnished house, where I was so cold
that I could not sleep; besides, my head ached much; so my night was
not a very pleasant one. In the morning we resumed our talk, but the
business was over really. The question that we had discussed the evening
before was brought to an issue, however, by his requiring from John
Cho, who was with us, permission to buy about an acre of land in his
territory. John was much staggered at this. It looked to him like a
surrender of his rights. I told him, at great length, why I thought he
must consent; but finally it was settled, that as John is not the real
chief, I should act as interpreter for the Frenchmen; and send him from
Mu an answer to a letter which he addresses to me, but which is, in
fact, intended for the chief.

'It is, I suppose, true, that civilised nations do not acknowledge the
right of a chief to prevent any one of his subjects from selling a
plot of his land to a foreigner unless they may be at war with that
particular nation.

'He said that France would not allow a savage chief to say "My custom in
this respect is different from yours;" and again, "This is not a taking
possession. It is merely requiring the right to put up a cottage for
which I pay the just price." He told me plainly, if the chiefs did not
allow him to do so, he would send for soldiers and put it up by force;
but not use the soldiers for any other purpose. Of course I shall relate
all this to Angadhohua at Mu, and make them consent.

'He told me that at New Caledonia they had reserved inalienably
one-tenth of the land for the natives, that the rest would be sold to
French colonists of the poor class, no one possessing more than ten
acres; that 5,000 convicts would be sent there, and the ticket-of-leave
system adopted, and that he thought the worst and most incorrigible
characters would be sent to Lifu. Poor John! But I can't help him; he
must make such terms as he can, for he and his people are wholly in
their power.

'Our talk being ended, I found a great circle of men assembled on the
outside with a pile of yams as usual in the centre for me. I was glad
to see a small pile also for the Frenchman. I made my speech in his
presence, but he knows not Lifu. "Be kind to the French, give them food
and lodging. This is a duty which you are bound to pay to all men;
but if they try to persuade you to change the teaching which you have
received, don't listen to them. Who taught you to leave off war and evil
habits, to build chapels, to pray? Remember that. Trust the teachers who
have taught you the Word of God."

'This was the kind of thing I said. Then off we set--two miles of loose
sand at a rattling pace, as I wanted to shake off some 200 people who
were crowding about me. Then turning to the west, climbed some coral
rocks very quickly, and found myself with only half my own attendants,
and no strangers. Sat down, drank a cocoa-nut, and waited a long time
for John, who can't walk well, and then quietly went on the remaining
eight or nine miles to Zebedee's place, a Samoan teacher. They were
very attentive, and gave me some supper. They had a bed, which was, of
course, given up to me in spite of opposition. They regard a missionary
as something superhuman almost. Sometimes I can't make them eat and
drink with me; they think it would be presumptuous. Large meeting of
people in the afternoon, and again the following morning, to whom I said
much what I had already said at We. Then fifteen miles over to Apollo's
place on the west coast, a grand bay, with perfectly calm water,
delicious in the winter months. Comfortable quarters; Apollo a
cleverish, free-spoken fellow.

'I went, on the same afternoon, two miles of very bad road to visit
the French priest, who is living here. More talk and of a very friendly
nature. He has been eighteen months at San Cristoval, but knows not the
language; at Woodlark Island, New Caledonia, &c. We talked in French
and English. He knows English fairly, but preferred to talk French. This
day's work was nineteen miles.

Slept at Apollo's. Next morning went a little way in canoes and walked
six miles to Toma's place; meeting held, speech as usual, present of
yams, pig, &c. Walked back the six miles, started in double canoe for
Gaicha, the other side of the bay: wind cold, some difficulty in getting
ashore. Walked by the bad path to Apollo's and slept there again;
Frenchman came in during the evening. Next day, Friday, meeting in the
chapel. Walked twenty miles back to We, where I am now writing. Went the
twenty miles with no socks; feet sore and shoes worn to pieces, cutting
off leather as I came along. Nothing but broken bottles equals jagged
coral. Paths went so that you never take three steps in the same
direction, and every minute trip against logs, coral hidden by long
leaves, arid weeds trailing over the path. Often for half a mile you
jump from one bit of coral to another. No shoes can stand it, and I was
tired, I assure you. Indeed, for the last two days, if I stopped for a
minute to drink a nut, my legs were so stiff that they did not get into
play for five minutes or so.

'July 16th.--The captain of the "Iris" frigate passing Lifu dropped me
a line which satisfied me that the French will meet with no impediment
from the English Government in the prosecution of their plans out here.
Well, this makes one's own path just as easy, because all these things,
great and small, are ordered for us; but yet I grieve to think that we
might be occupying these groups with missionaries. Even ten good men
would do for a few years; and is it unreasonable to think that ten
men might be found willing to engage in such a happy work in such a
beautiful part of the world--no yellow fever, no snakes, &c. I think
of the Banks Islands, Vanua Lava, with its harbour and streams, and
abundance of food, and with eight or nine small islands round it,
speaking the same language, few dialectic differences of consequence, as
I believe.

'Even one good man might introduce religion here as we have received it,
pure and undefiled. Oh! that there were men who could believe this,
and come out unconditionally, placing themselves in the Bishop's hands
unreservedly. He must know the wants and circumstances of the islands
far better than they can, and therefore no man ought to stipulate as to
his location, &c. Did the early teachers do so? Did Titus ever think of
saying to St. Paul, "Mind I must be an elder, or bishop, or whatever he
was, of Crete?" Just as if that frame of mind was compatible with a real
desire to do what little one can by God's help to bring the heathen to a
knowledge of Christ.

'At this moment, one man for the Banks group and another for Mai and the
neighbouring islands would be invaluable. If anything occurs to make me
leave these Loyalty Islands as my residence during a part of the year,
I am off to Banks, or Mai, or Solomon Isles. But what am I? In many
respects not so well qualified for the work as many men who yet,
perhaps, have had a less complete education. I know nothing of
mechanics, and can't teach common things; I am not apt to teach
anything, I fear, having so long deferred to learn the art of teaching,
but of course exposing one's own shortcomings is easy enough. How to get
the right sort of men? First qualification is common-sense, guided, of
course, by religious principle. Some aptitude for languages, but that is
of so little consequence that I would almost say no one was sufficient
by itself as a qualification. Of course the mission work tends immensely
to improve all earnest men; the eccentricities and superfluities
disappear by degrees as the necessary work approves itself to the
affection and intellect.'

The French question resulted in a reply in Angadhohua's name, that the
people should be permitted to sell ground where the mission required it;
and that in the one place specified about which there was contention,
the land should be ceded as a gift from the chiefs. 'This,' observes
Mr. Patteson, 'is the first negotiation which has been thrust upon me. I
more than suspect I have made considerable blunders.'

By the 13th of August, he had to walk over the coral jags for another
consultation with Pere Montrouzier, whose negotiation with Cho had
resulted in thorough misunderstanding, each thinking the other was
deceiving him, and not dealing according to promise to Mr. Patteson. The
Pere had, in his fourteen years' experience, imbibed a great distrust
of the natives, and thought Mr. Patteson placed too much confidence
in them, while the latter thought him inclined to err the other way;
however, matters were accommodated, at heavy cost to poor Coley's feet.
A second pair of shoes were entirely cut to pieces, and he could not put
any on the next day, his feet were so blistered.

The troubles were not ended, for when the ground was granted, there
followed a stipulation that the chiefs should not hinder the men from
working at the building; and when the men would not work, the chiefs
were suspected of preventing it, and a note from Pere Montrouzier
greatly wounded Patteson's feelings by calling John Cho faux et
artificieux.

However, after another note, he retracted this, and a day or two after
came the twenty miles over the coral to make a visit to the English
clergyman. 'There is much to like in him: a gentleman, thoroughly
well informed, anxious of course to discuss controversial points, and
uncommonly well suited for that kind of work, he puts his case well and
clearly, and, of course, it is easy to make their system appear most
admirably adapted for carrying out all the different duties of a Church,
as it is consistent in all, or nearly all, particulars, given the one
or two leading points on which all depend. The Church of England here
is very much in the position of any one of those other bodies, Wesleyan,
Independent, or Presbyterian; and though we have a Bishop at the
head--of what, however? Of one individual clergyman! Oh, that we had now
a good working force--twenty or thirty men with some stuff in them; and
there are plenty if they would only come. Meanwhile, France sends plenty
of men; steamers bring them houses, cows for themselves and as presents
for natives--supports the missionary in every way. New Caledonia is
handy for the central school, everything almost that can be requisite.
Never mind; work on, one small life is a mighty trifling thing
considered with reference to those great schemes overruled by God to
bring out of them great ultimate good, no doubt.'

There was an interchange of books between the French and English priest.
Pere Montrouzier lent, and finally gave, Martinet's 'Solution de Grands
Problemes,' which Patteson calls 'a very interesting book, with a
great deal of dry humour about it, not unlike Newman's more recent
publications. "It is," he (Montrouzier) says, "thought very highly of in
France." He is a well-read man, I should imagine, in his line; and that
is pretty extensive, for he is a really scientific naturalist, something
of a geologist, a good botanist, besides having a good acquaintance with
ecclesiastical literature.'

There was the more time for recreation with the Pere's French books,
and the serious work of translating St. Mark's Grospel and part of the
Litany into Lifu, as the inhabitants were all called off from school
in the middle of August 'by a whale being washed ashore over a barrier
reef--not far from me. All the adjacent population turned out in grass
kilts, with knives and tomahawks to hack off chunks of flesh to be
eaten, and of blubber to be boiled into oil; and in the meantime the
neighbourhood was by no means agreeable to anyone possessing a nose.'

Meanwhile Sarawia, the best of the Banks pupils, had a swelling on the
knee, and required care and treatment, but soon got better. Medical
knowledge, as usual, Patteson felt one of the great needs of missionary
life. Cases of consumption and scrofula were often brought to him,
and terrible abscesses, under which the whole body wasted away. 'Poor
people!' he writes, 'a consumptive hospital looms in the far perspective
of my mind; a necessary accompaniment, I feel now, of the church and the
school in early times. I wish I could contrive some remedy for the dry
food, everything being placed between leaves and being baked on the
ground, losing all the gravy; and when you get a chicken it is a
collection of dry strings. If I could manage boiling; but there is
nothing like a bit of iron for fire-place on the island, and to keep
up the wood fire in the bush under the saucepan is hard work. I must
commence a more practical study than hitherto of "Robinson Crusoe,"
and the "Swiss Family." Why does no missionary put down hints on the
subject? My three months here will teach me more than anything that has
happened to me, and I dare say I shall get together the things I want
most when next I set forth from New Zealand.... I find it a good plan to
look on from short periods to short periods, and always ask, what next?
And at last it brings one to the real answer:--Work as hard as you can,
and that rest which lacks no ingredient of perfect enjoyment and peace
will come at last.'

Among the needs he discovered was this:--'By the bye, good cheap Bible
prints would be very useful; large, so as to be seen by a large class,
illustrating just the leading ideas. Schnorr's Bible prints by Rose and
Bingen are something of the kind that I mean, something quite rude will
do. Twenty-four subjects, comprising nothing either conventional or
symbolical, would be an endless treasure for teachers; the intervening
history would be filled up and illustrated by smaller pictures, but
these would be pegs on which to hang the great events these lads ought
to know. Each should be at least twenty-four inches by ten.

'Try to remember, in the choice of any other picture books for them,
that anything that introduces European customs is no use yet. Pictures
of animals are the best things. One or two of a railway, a great bridge,
a view of the Thames with steamers rushing up and down, would all
do; but all our habits of social life are so strange that they don't
interest them yet.

'When I next reach Auckland, I suppose my eyes will rejoice at
seeing your dear old likenesses. When we build our permanent central
school-house at Kohimarama, I shall try to get a little snuggery, and
then furnish it with a few things comfortably; I shall then invest in a
chest of drawers, as I dare say my clothes are getting tired of living
in boxes since March 1855.

'I can hardly tell you how much I regret not knowing something about the
treatment of simple surgical cases. If when with W---- I had studied the
practical--bled, drawn teeth, mixed medicines, rolled legs perpetually,
it would have been worth something. Surely I might have foreseen all
this! I really don't know how to find the time or the opportunity
for learning. How true it is that men require to be trained for their
particular work! I am now just in a position to know what to learn were
I once more in England. Spend one day with old Fry (mason), another with
John Venn (carpenter), and two every week at the Exeter hospital, and
not look on and see others work--there's the mischief, do it oneself.
Make a chair, a table, a box; fit everything; help in every part of
making and furnishing a house, that is, a cottage. Do enough of every
part to be able to do the whole. Begin by felling a tree; saw it into
planks, mix the lime, see the right proportion of sand, &c., know how to
choose a good lot of timber, fit handles for tools, &c.

'Many trades need not be attempted; but every missionary ought to be a
carpenter, a mason, something of a butcher, and a good deal of a cook.
Suppose yourself without a servant, and nothing for dinner to-morrow but
some potatoes in the barn, and a fowl running about in the yard. That's
the kind of thing for a young fellow going into a new country to imagine
to himself. If a little knowledge of glazing could be added, it would be
a grand thing, just enough to fit in panes to window-frames, which last,
of course, he ought to make himself. Much of this cannot be done for
you. I can buy window-frames in Auckland, and glass; but I can't carry
a man a thousand miles in my pocket to put that glass into these frames;
and if it is done in New Zealand, ten to one it gets broken on the
voyage; whereas, glass by itself will pack well. Besides, a pane gets
broken, and then I am in a nice fix. To know how to tinker a bit is a
good thing; else your only saucepan or tea-kettle may be lying by you
useless for months. In fact, if I had known all this before, I should
be just ten times as useful as I am now. If anyone you know thinks of
emigrating or becoming a missionary, just let him remember this.'

To these humble requisites, it appears that a missionary ought on
occasion to be able to add those of a prime minister and lawgiver.
Angadhohua, a bright, clever lad, only too easily led, was to be
instructed in the duties of a chief; Mr. Patteson scrupulously trying
in vain to make him understand that he was a person of far more
consideration and responsibility than his white visitor would be in his
own country. The point was to bring the Christian faith into connection
with life and government. 'Much talk have I had with John in order that
we may try to put before them the true grounds on which they ought
to embrace Christianity,' writes Mr. Patteson, when about to visit a
heathen district which had shown an inclination to abandon their old
customs, 'and also the consequences to which they pledge themselves by
the profession of a religion requiring purity, regularity, industry,
&c., but I have little doubt that our visit now will result in the
nominal profession of Christianity by many heathen. Angadhohua, John,
and I go together, and Isaka, a Samoan teacher who has been a good deal
among them. I shall make an arrangement for taking one of their leading
men to New Zealand with me, that he may get some notion of what is meant
by undertaking to become a Christian. It is in many respects a great
benefit to be driven back upon the very first origin of a Christian
society; one sees more than ever the necessity of what our Lord has
provided, a living organised community into which the baptized convert
being introduced falls into his place, as it were, naturally; sees
around him everything at all times to remind him that he is a regenerate
man, that all things are become new. A man in apostolic times had the
lessons of the Apostles and disciples practically illustrated in the
life of those with whom he associated. The church was an expression of
the verbal teaching committed to its ministers. How clearly the
beauty of this comes out when one is forced to feel the horrible blank
occasioned by the absence of the living teacher, influencing, moulding,
building up each individual professor of Christianity by a process
always going on, though oftentimes unconsciously to him on whom it
operates.

'But how is the social life to be fashioned here in Lifu according to
the rule of Christ? There is no organised body exemplifying in daily
actions the teaching of the Bible. A man goes to chapel and hears
something most vague and unmeaning. He has never been taught to grasp
anything distinctly--to represent any truth to his mind as a settled
resting-place for his faith. Who is to teach him? What does he see
around him to make him imperceptibly acquire new habits in conformity
with the Bible? Is the Christian community distinguished by any habits
of social order and intercourse different from non-Christians?

'True, they don't fight and eat one another now, but beyond that are
they elevated as men? The same dirt, the same houses, the same idle
vicious habits; in most cases no sense of decency, or but very little.
Where is the expression of the Scriptural life? Is it not a most
lamentable state of things? And whence has it arisen? From not
connecting Christian teaching in church with the improvement in social
life in the hut and village, which is the necessary corollary and
complement of such teaching.

'By God's grace, I trust that some little simple books in Lifu will
soon be in their houses, which may be useful. It is even a cause for
thankfulness that in a few days (for the "Southern Cross" ought to be
here in a week with 500 more copies) some 600 or more copies, in large
type, of the Lord's Prayer, Creed, and Ten Commandments will be in
circulation; but they won't use them yet. They won't be taught to learn
them by heart, and be questioned upon them; yet they may follow by and
by. Hope on is the rule. Give them the Bible, is the cry; but you must
give them the forms of faith and prayer which Christendom has accepted,
to guide them; and oh! that we were so united that we could baptize them
into a real living exemplification, and expression--an embodiment of
Christian truth, walking, sleeping, eating and drinking before their
eyes. Christ Himself was that on earth, and His Church ought to be now.
These men saw to accept His teaching was to bind themselves to a
certain course of life which was exhibited before their own eyes. Hence,
multitudes approved His teaching, but would not accept it--would not
profess it, because they saw what was involved in that profession. But
now men don't count the cost; they forget that "If any man come to Me"
is followed by "Which of you intending to build a tower," &c. Hence the
great and exceeding difficulty in these latter days when Christianity is
popular!'

In this state of things it was impossible to baptize adults till they
had come to a much clearer understanding of what a Christian ought to do
and to believe; and therefore Coley's only christenings in Lifu were of
a few dying children, whom he named after his brother and sisters, as
he baptized them with water, brought in cocoa-nut shells, having taught
himself to say by heart his own translation of the baptismal form.

He wrote the following letter towards the end of his stay:--


'September 6, 1858: Lifu, Loyalty Islands.

'My dear Miss Neill,--The delay of four or five days in the arrival of
the "Southern Cross" gives me a chance of writing you a line. The Bishop
dropped me here this day three months, and told me to look out for him
on September 1. As New Zealand is 1,000 miles off, and he can't command
winds and waves, of course I allow him a wide margin; and I begged him
not to hurry over my important business in New Zealand in order to keep
his appointment exactly. But his wont is to be very punctual. I have
here twelve lads from the north-west islands: from seven islands,
speaking six languages. The plan of bringing them to a winter school in
some tropical isle is now being tried. The only difficulty here is that
Lifu is so large and populous; and just now (what with French priests on
it, and the most misty vague kind of teaching from Independents the only
thing to oppose to the complete machinery of the Romish system) demands
so much time, that it is difficult to do justice to one's lads from
the distant lands that are living with one here. The Bishop had an
exaggerated notion of the population here. I imagine it to be somewhere
about 8,000. The language is not very hard, but has quite enough
difficulty to make it more than a plaything: the people in that state
when they venerate a missionary--a very dangerous state; I do my best to
turn the reverence into the right channel and towards its proper object.

'You will see by the last Melanesian report of which I desired a copy to
be sent to you, that our work is very rapidly increasing; that openings
are being made in all directions; and that had we men of trust, we could
occupy them at once. As it is, we keep up a communication with some
seventy-four islands, waiting, if it may be, that men may be sent,
trying to educate picked men to be teachers; but I am not very sanguine
about that. At all events, the first flush of savage customs, &c., is
being, I trust, removed, so that for some other body of Christians, if
not the Church of England, the door may be laid open.

'Of course, the interest of the work is becoming more and more
absorbing; so that, much as there is indeed going on in your world to
distract and grieve one, it comes to me so weakened by time and distance
that I don't sympathise as I ought with those who are suffering so
dreadfully from the Indian Mutiny, or the commercial failure, or the
great excitement and agitation of the country. You can understand how
this can be, perhaps; for my actual present work leaves me small leisure
for reflecting, and for placing myself in the position of others at
a distance; and when I have a moment's time surely it is right that I
should be in heart at Feniton, with those dear ones, and especially my
dear dear father, of whom I have not heard for five months, so that I am
very anxious as to what account of him the "Southern Cross" may bring,
and try to prepare myself for news of increased illness, &c.

'You, I imagine, my dear Miss Neill, are not much changed to those who
see you day by day; but I should find you much weaker in body than when
I saw you last, and yet it did not seem then as if you had much strength
to lose: I don't hear of any sudden changes, or any forms of illness;
the gradual exhausting process is going on, but accompanied, I fear,
with even greater active pain than of old; your sufferings are indeed
very severe and very protracted, a great lesson to us all. Yet you have
much, even speaking only of worldly comfort, which makes your position a
much happier one than that of the poor suffering souls whom I see here.
Their house is one round room, a log burning in the centre, no chimney,
the room full of smoke, common receptacle of men, women, boys, girls,
pigs, and fowls. In the corner a dying woman or child. No water in the
island that is fresh, a few holes in the coral where water accumulates,
more or less brackish; no cleanliness, no quiet, no cool fresh air, hot
smoky atmosphere, no proper food, a dry bit of yam, and no knowledge of
a life to come: such is the picture of the invalided or dying South Sea
Islander. All dying children under years of discretion I baptize, and
all the infants brought to the chapel by parents who themselves are
seeking baptism; but I have not baptized any adults yet, they must
be examined and taught for some time, for the Samoan and Rarotongan
teachers sent by the Independent missionaries are very imperfectly
instructed and quite incapable of conveying definite teaching to them.

'I don't see, humanly speaking, how this island is to be kept from
becoming purely Roman Catholic. They have a large staff of men, and are
backed up by the presence of a complete government establishment in
New Caledonia, only two or three days distant, while what have we? Four
months a year of the time, partially otherwise occupied by Melanesian
schools, of one missionary, and while here these four months, I have my
lads from many islands to teach, so that I can't lay myself out to learn
this one language, &c. I am writing this on September 16. "Southern
Cross" not yet come, and my lads very anxious; I confess I should like
to see it, not only (as you will believe) because all my stores are
gone. I have not a morsel of biscuit or grain of sugar left, and am
reduced to native fare, which does not suit my English constitution for
very long. Yams and taro, and a fowl now and then, will be my food until
the ship comes. Hitherto I have had coffee and biscuits in addition.

'My very kind love to Mrs. S ----, and many thanks for the letters,
which I much enjoy.

'Your very affectionate old pupil,

'J. C. P.'


The whole of September passed without the arrival of the 'Southern
Cross.' The fact was that after Mr. Patteson had been left at Lifu,
the vessel when entering Port-au-France, New Caledonia, had come upon
a coral reef, and the damage done to her sheathing was so serious that
though she returned to Auckland from that trip, she could not sail again
without fresh coppering; and as copper had to be brought from Sydney
for the purpose, there was considerable delay before she could set
forth again, so that it was not till the last day of September that she
gladdened Patteson's eyes, and brought the long-desired tidings from
home.

This voyage was necessarily short, as there were appointments to be kept
by the Bishop in New Zealand in November, and all that could be aimed at
was the touching at the more familiar islands for fresh instalments
of scholars. The grand comet of 1858 was one feature of this
expedition--which resulted in bringing home forty-seven Melanesians,
so that with the crew, there were sixty-three souls on board during the
homeward voyage!

'As you may suppose, the little "Southern Cross" is cram full, but the
Bishop's excellent arrangements in the construction of the vessel for
securing ventilation, preserve us from harm by God's blessing. Every day
a thorough cleaning and sweeping goes on, and frequent washing, and as
all beds turn up like the flap of a table, and some thirty lads sleep
on the floor on mats and blankets, by 7 A.M. all traces of the night
arrangements have vanished. The cabin looks and feels airy; meals go on
regularly; the boys living chiefly on yams, puddings, and cocoa-nuts,
and plenty of excellent biscuit. We laid in so many cocoa-nuts that they
have daily one apiece, a great treat to them. A vessel of this size,
unless arranged with special reference to such objects, could not
carry safely so large a party, but we have nothing on board to create,
conceal, or accumulate dirt; no hold, no storeroom, no place where
a mixed mess of spilt flour, and sugar, and treacle, and old rotten
potatoes, and cocoa-nut parings and bits of candle, can all be washed
together into a dark foul hold; hence the whole ship, fore and aft, is
sweet and clean. Stores are kept in zinc lockers puttied down, and in
cedar boxes lined with zinc. We of course distribute them ourselves; a
hired steward would be fatal, because you can't get a servant to see the
importance of care in such details.'

Mr. Patteson always, in the most careful manner, paid respect both to
the chief's person and his dicta. He declined more than once to give
directions which he said ought to issue from the chief, although on one
of these occasions he was asked by the chief himself. He foresaw clearly
the evils that might follow if the people's respect for recognised
authority were weakened, instead of being, as it might be, turned to
useful account. And so he always accorded to John Cho, and to other
persons of rank when they were with us in the Mission school, just such
respect as they were accustomed to receive at the hands of their own
people. For instance, he would always use to a moderate extent the
chief's language in addressing John Cho or any other of the Loyalty
chiefs; and it being a rule of theirs that no one in the presence of the
chiefs should ever presume to sit down higher than the chiefs, he would
always make a point of attending to it as regarded himself; and once or
twice when, on shore in the islands, the chief had chosen to squat down
on the ground among the people, he would jocularly leave the seat that
had been provided for him, and place himself by the chief's side on the
ground. All this was keenly appreciated as significant, but alas! the
Loyalty Islanders were not long to remain under his charge.

The ensuing letter was written to Sir John Taylor Coleridge, after
learning the tidings of his retirement from the Bench in the packet of
intelligence brought by the vessel:--


'November 10, 1858: Lat. 31° 29' S.; Long. 171° 12' E.

'My dear Uncle John,--I see by the papers that you have actually
resigned, and keep your connection with the judges only as a Privy
Councillor. I am of course on my own account heartily glad that you will
be near my dear father for so many months of the year, and you are
very little likely to miss your old occupation much, with your study at
Heath's Court, so I shall often think of you in summer sitting out on
the lawn, by John's Pinus excelsis, and in winter in your armchair by
the fire, and no doubt you will often find your way over to Feniton.
And then you have a glorious church!.... Oh! I do long for a venerable
building and for the sound of ancient chants and psalms. At times,
the Sunday is specially a day on which my mind will go back to the old
country, but never with any wish to return. I have never experienced
that desire, and think nothing but absolute inability to help on a
Melanesian or a Maori will ever make a change in that respect. I feel
as certain as I can be of anything that I should not be half as happy
in England as I am in New Zealand, or in Lifu, in the Banks or Solomon
Islands, &c. I like the life and the people, everything about it and
them....

'Coppering the schooner caused delay, so that he (the Bishop) could give
but two months instead of three to the Island voyage, for he starts on
November 25 for a three months' Confirmation tour (1,000 miles) among
the New Zealanders, which will bring him to Wellington by March 1, for
the commencement of the first synod. Consequently we have only
revisited some of our seventy and odd islands, but we have no less than
forty-seven Melanesians from twelve islands on board, of whom three are
young married women, while two are babies.

'This makes our whole number on board sixty, viz., four Pitcairners,
forty-seven Melanesians, ourselves + crew = sixty-three, a number too
great for so small a vessel, but for the excellent plan adopted by the
Bishop in the internal arrangement of the vessel when she was built, and
the scrupulous attention to cleanliness in every place fore and aft. As
it is, we are not only healthy but comfortable, able to have all meals
regularly, school, prayers, just as if we had but twenty on board.
Nevertheless, I think, if you could drop suddenly on our lower deck at
9 P.M. and visit unbeknown to us the two cabins, you would be rather
surprised at the number of the sleepers--twelve in our after-cabin, and
forty-five in the larger one, which occupies two-thirds of the vessel.

'Of course we make no invasion upon the quarters forward of the four men
before the mast--common seamen, and take good care that master and mate
shall have proper accommodation.

'One gets so used to this sort of thing that I sleep just as well as I
used to do in my own room at home, and by 6.30 or 7 A.M. all vestiges
of anything connected with sleeping arrangements have vanished, and the
cabins look like what they are,--large and roomy. We have, you know, no
separate cabins filled with bunks, &c., abominations specially contrived
to conceal dirt and prevent ventilation. Light calico curtains answer
all purposes of dividing off a cabin into compartments, but we agree to
live together, and no one has found it unpleasant as yet. We turn a
part of our cabin into a gunaikhon at night for the three women and two
babies by means of a canvas screen. Bishop looks after them, washes the
babies, tends the women when sick, &c., while I, by virtue of being a
bachelor, shirk all the trouble. One of these women is now coming for
the second time to the college; her name is Carry. Margaret Cho is on
her second visit, and Hrarore is the young bride of Kapua, now coming
for his third time, and baptized last year.

'We wish to make both husbands and wives capable of imparting better
notions to their people.

'We have, I think, a very nice set on board....

'I think everything points to Vanua Lava, the principal island of the
Banks group, becoming our centre of operations, i.e., that it would be
the place where winter school would be carried on with natives from many
islands, from Solomon Islands group to the north-west, and Santa Cruz
group to north, New Hebrides to south and Loyalty Islands south-west,
and also the depot among the islands, a splendid harbour, safe both from
trade and hurricane winds, plenty of water, abundantly supplied
with provisions, being indeed like a hot-house, with its hot springs
constantly sending up clouds of vapour on the high hills, a population
wholly uninjured by intercourse with traders and whalers, it being
certain that our vessel was the first at all events that has ever been
seen by the eyes of any member of this generation on the islands; I
could prove this to you easily if I had time.

'They are most simple, gentle and docile, unwarlike, not cannibals, I
verily believe as good a specimen of the natural fallen man as can
be met with, wholly naked, yet with no sense of shame in consequence;
timid, yet soon learning to confide in one; intelligent, and gleaming
with plenty of spirit and fun. As the island, though 440 miles north
of the Loyalty Isles, is not to leeward of them, it would only take us
about eight days more to run down, and a week more to return to it from
New Zealand, than would be the case if we had our winter school on one
of the Loyalty Islands. So I hope now we may get a missionary for Lifu,
and so I may be free to spend all my time, when not in New Zealand,
at Vanua Lava. Temperature in winter something under 80° in the shade,
being in lat. 13° 45' 5". The only thing against Vanua Lava is the fact
that elephantiasis abounds among the natives, and they say that the
mortality is very considerable there, so it might not be desirable to
bring many lads to it from other islands; but the neighbouring islands
of Mota and Valua, and Uvaparapara are in sight and are certainly
healthy, and our buildings are not so substantial as to cause much
difficulty in shifting our quarters if necessary. The language is very
hard, but when it is one's business to learn a thing, it is done after a
while as a matter of course.

'We have quite made up our mind that New Zealand itself is the right
place for the head-quarters of the Mission. True, the voyage is long,
and lads can only be kept there five or six months of the year, but the
advantages of a tolerably settled state of society are so great, and
the opportunities of showing the Melanesians the working of an English
system are so many, that I think now with the Bishop that New Zealand
should be the place for the summer school in preference to any other. I
did not think so at one time, and was inclined to advocate the plan of
never bringing the lads out of the tropics, but I think now that there
are so many good reasons for bringing the lads to New Zealand that we
must hope to keep them by good food and clothing safe from colds and
coughs. Norfolk Island would have been in some ways a very good place,
but there is no hope now of our being settled there....

'I can hardly have quite the same control over lads brought to an island
itself wholly uncivilised as I can have over them in New Zealand, but as
a rule, Melanesians are very tractable. Certainly I would sooner have
my present school to manage, forty-five of all ages from nine to perhaps
twenty-seven or eight, from twelve or thirteen islands, speaking at
least eight languages, than half the number of English boys, up to all
sorts of mischief....

'Thank you, dear uncle, for the Xavier; a little portable book is very
nice for taking on board ship, and I dare say I may read some of his
letters in sight of many a heathen island....

'Good-bye, my dear Uncle.

'Your affectionate and grateful nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


'Savages are all Fridays, if you know how to treat them' is a saying of
Patteson's in one of his letters, and a true one. In truth, there was no
word that he so entirely repudiated as this of savage, and the courtesy
and untutored dignity of many of his native friends fully justified his
view, since it was sure to be called forth by his own conduct towards
them.

The chiefs, having a great idea of their own importance, and being used
to be treated like something sacred, and never opposed, were the most
difficult people to deal with, and in the present voyage there was a
time of great anxiety respecting a young chief named Aroana, from the
great isle of Malanta. He fell into an agony of nervous excitement lest
he should never see his island again, an attack of temporary insanity
came on, and he was so strong that Mr. Patteson could not hold him down
without the help of the Bishop and another, and it was necessary to tie
him down, as he attempted to injure himself. He soon recovered, and the
cooler latitudes had a beneficial effect on him, but there was reason
to fear that in Malanta the restraint might be regarded as an outrage on
the person of a chief.

The voyage safely ended on the night of the 16th of November. Here is
part of a letter to Mr. Edward Coleridge, written immediately after
reading the letters that had been waiting in Auckland:--


'My father writes:--"My tutor says that there must be a Melanesian
Bishop soon, and that you will be the man," a sentence which amused me
not a little.

'The plan is that the Bishop should gradually take more and more
time for the islands, as he transfers to the General Synod all deeds,
documents, everything for which he was corporation sole, and as he
passes over to various other Bishops portions of New Zealand. Finally,
retaining only the north part of the northern island, to take the
Melanesian Bishopric.

'I urged this plan upon him very strongly one day, when somewhere about
lat. 12° S. (I fancy) he pressed me to talk freely about the matter. I
said: "One condition only I think should be present to your mind, viz.,
that you must not give up the native population in New Zealand," and to
this he assented.

'If, dear tutor, you really were not in joke, just try to find some
good man who would come and place himself under the Bishop's direction
unreservedly, and in fact be to him much what I am + the ability and
earnestness, &c. Seriously, I am not at all fitted to do anything but
work under a good man. Of course, should I survive the Bishop, and no
other man come out, why it is better that the ensign should assume the
command than to give up the struggle altogether. But this of course is
pure speculation. The Bishop is hearty, and, I pray God, may be Bishop
of Melanesia for twenty years to come, and by that time there will be
many more competent men than I ever shall be to succeed him, to say
nothing of possible casualties, climate, &c.

'Good-bye, my dear Uncle; kind love to all.

'Your loving nephew and pupil,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The three women and the two babies were disposed of in separate houses,
but their husbands, with thirty-nine other Melanesians, four Norfolk
Islanders, two printers, Mr. Dudley and Mr. Patteson, made up the
dinner-party every day in the hall of St. John's College. 'Not a
little happy I feel at the head of my board, with two rows of merry,
happy-looking Melanesians on either side of me!'

The coughs, colds, and feverish attacks of these scholars were the only
drawback; the slightest chill made them droop; and it was a subject of
joy to have any day the full number in hall, instead of one or two lying
ill in their tutor's own bed-chamber.

On the 29th of December came the exceeding joy of the arrival of the
Judge and Mrs. Martin, almost straight from Feniton, ready to talk
untiringly of everyone there. On the New Year's day of 1859 there was a
joyful thanksgiving service at Taurarua for their safe return, at which
all the best Church people near were present, and when John Cho made his
first Communion.

On the 20th these much-loved friends came to make a long stay at the
College, and the recollections they preserved of that time have thus
been recorded by Lady Martin. It will be remembered that she had parted
from him during the year of waiting and irregular employment:

'We were away from New Zealand nearly three years. We had heard at
Feniton dear Coley's first happy letters telling of his voyages to the
islands in 1856-7, letters all aglow with enthusiasm about these places
and people. One phrase I well remember, his kindly regret expressed for
those whose lot is not cast among the Melanesian islands. On our
return we went to live for some months at St. John's College, where Mr.
Patteson was then settled with a large party of scholars.

'We soon found that a great change had passed over our dear friend. His
whole mind was absorbed in his work. He was always ready, indeed, to
listen to anything there was to tell about his dear father; but about
our foreign travels, his favourite pictures, the scenes of which we had
heard so much from him, he would listen for a few minutes, but was sure
in a little while to have worked round to Melanesia in general, or to
his boys in particular, or to some discussion with my husband on the
structure of their many languages and dialects. It was then that
Bishop Abraham said that when the two came to their ninth meaning of a
particle, he used to go to sleep.

'There were a very fine intelligent set of young men from the Loyalty
Islands, some sleepy, lazy ones from Mai, some fierce, wild-looking lads
from the Solomon Islands who had long slits in their ears and bone horns
stuck in their frizzly hair. Mr. Patteson could communicate with all
more or less easily, and his readily delicate hearing enabled him to
distinguish accurately sounds which others could not catch--wonderful
mp and piv and mbw which he was trying to get hold of for practical
purposes.

'He was in comfortable quarters, in one long low room, with a sunny
aspect. It looked fit for a student, with books all about, and pictures,
and photos of loved friends and places on the walls, but he had no mind
to enjoy it alone. There was sure to be some sick lad there, wrapped up
in his best rugs, in the warmest nook by the fire. He had morning and
afternoon school daily in the large schoolroom, Mr. Dudley and Mr. Lask
assisting him. School-keeping, in its ordinary sense, was a drudgery
to him, and very distasteful. He had none of that bright lively way and
readiness in catechising which made some so successful in managing a
large class of pupils at once, but every person in the place loved
to come to the evening classes in his own room, where, in their own
language, he opened to them the Scriptures and spoke to them of the
things pertaining to the kingdom of God. It was in those private classes
that he exercised such wonderful influence; his musical voice, his holy
face, his gentle manner, all helping doubtless to impress and draw even
the dullest. Long after this he told me once how after these evening
classes, one by one, some young fellow or small boy would come back with
a gentle tap at the door, "I want to talk to you," and then and there
the heart would be laid open, and counsel asked of the beloved teacher.

'It was very pleasant to see him among his boys. They all used to go off
for a walk on Saturday with him, sometimes to town, and he as full of
fun with them as if they had been a party of Eton boys. He had none of
the conventional talk, so fatal to all true influence, about degraded
heathen. They were brethren, ignorant indeed, but capable of acquiring
the highest wisdom. It was a joke among some of us, that when asked the
meaning of a Nengone term of endearment he answered naively, "Oh, it
means old fellow." He brought his fresh, happy, kindly feelings towards
English lads and young men into constant play among Melanesians, and so
they loved and trusted him.'

I think that exclusiveness of interest which Lady Martin describes, and
which his own family felt, and which is apt to grow upon missionaries,
as indeed on every one who is very earnestly engaged in any work,
diminished as he became more familiar with his work, and had a mind more
at liberty for thought.

Mr. Dudley thus describes the same period:--'It was during the summers
of 1857-8 and 1858-9 that the Loyalty Islanders mustered in such numbers
at St. John's College, as it was supposed that they, at least Lifu would
be left in the hands of the Church of England. Mr. Patteson worked very
hard these years at translations, and there was an immense enthusiasm
about printing, the Lifuites and Nengonese striving each to get the most
in their own language.

'Never shall I forget the evening service during those years held in
the College chapel, consisting of one or two prayers in Bauro, Gera,
and other languages, and the rest in Nengonese, occasionally changing
to Lifu, when Mr. Patteson used to expound the passage of Scripture
that had been translated in school during the day. Usually the Loyalty
Islanders would take notes of the sermon while it went on, but now and
then it was simply impossible, for although his knowledge of Nengonese
at that time, as compared with what it was afterwards, was very limited,
and his vocabulary a small one from which to choose his expressions, he
would sometimes speak with such intense earnestness and show himself
so thoroughly en rapport with the most intelligent of his hearers, that
they were compelled to drop their papers and pencils, and simply to to
listen. I remember one evening in particular. For some little time past
the conduct of the men, especially the married men, had not been at all
satisfactory. The married couples had the upper house, and John Cho,
Simeona, and Kapua had obtained a draught-board, and had regularly given
themselves up to draught-playing, night and day, neglecting all the
household duties they were expected to perform, to the great annoyance
of their wives, who had to carry the water, and do their husbands' work
in other ways as well their own. This became soon known to Mr. Patteson,
and without saying anything directly to the men, he took one evening as
his subject in chapel those words of our Lord, "If thy hand or thy foot
offend thee," &c., and spoke as you know he did sometimes speak, and
evidently was entirely carried out of himself, using the Nengonese with
a freedom which showed him to be thinking in it as he went on, and
with a face only to be described as "the face of an angel." We all
sat spellbound. John Cho, Simeona, and the other walked quietly away,
without saying a word, and in a day or two afterwards I learnt from John
that he had lain awake that night thinking over the matter, that fear
had come upon him, lest he might be tempted again, and jumping up
instantly, he had taken the draught-board from the place where he had
left it and had cast it into the embers of their fire.

'Many and many a time was I the recipient of his thoughts, walking
with him up and down the lawn in front of the cottage buildings of an
evening, when he would try to talk himself clear. You may imagine what
a willing listener I was, whatever he chose to talk upon, and he often
spoke very freely to me, I being for a long time his only resident white
companion. It was not long before I felt I knew his father well, and
reverenced him deeply. He never was tired of talking of his home, and
of former days at Eton and Oxford, and then while travelling on the
Continent. Often and often during those early voyages have I stood or
sat by his side on the deck of the "Southern Cross," as in the evening,
after prayers, he stood there for hours, dressed in his clerical attire,
all but the grey tweed cap, one hand holding the shrouds, and looking
out to windward like a man who sees afar off all the scenes he was
describing.'

Thinking over those times since, one understands better far than one did
at the time the reality of the sacrifice he had made in devoting himself
for life to a work so far away from those he loved best on earth.

The Bishop of Wellington, for to that see Archdeacon Abraham had been
consecrated while in England, arrived early in March, and made a short
stay at the College, during which he confirmed eleven and baptized one
of Patteson's flock. Mrs. Abraham and her little boy remained at the
College, while her husband went on to prepare for her at Wellington,
and thus there was much to make the summer a very pleasant one, only
chequered by frequent anxieties about the health of the pupils, as
repeated experiments made it apparent that the climate of St. John's was
too cold for them. Another anxiety was respecting Lifu for the
London Missionary Society, had, after all, undertaken to supply two
missionaries from England, and it was a most doubtful and delicate
question whether the wishes of the natives or the established principle
of noninterference with pre-occupied ground, ought to have most weight.
The Primate was so occupied by New Zealand affairs that he wrote to
Mr. Patteson to decide it himself and he could but wait to be guided by
circumstances on the spot.

To Mr. Edward Coleridge he writes on the 18th of March:--


'I have many and delightful talks with Mr. Martin on our languages. We
see already how strong an infusion of Polynesian elements exists in
the Melanesian islands. With the language of four groups we are fairly
acquainted now, besides some of the distinguishing dialects, which
differ very much from one another; nevertheless, I think that by-and-by
we shall connect them all if we live; but as some dialects may have
dropped out altogether, we may want a few links in the chain to
demonstrate the connection fully to people at a distance. It is a great
refreshment to me to work out these matters, and the Judge kindly looked
up the best books that exist in all the Polynesian languages, so that we
can found our induction upon a comparison of all the dialects now from
the Solomon Islands to the Marquesas, with the exception of the Santa
Cruz archipelago. We have been there two or three times, but the people
are so very numerous and noisy, that we never have had a chance as yet
of getting into a quiet talk (by signs, &c.) with any of the people.

'Still, as we know some Polynesian inhabitants of a neighbouring isle
who have large sea canoes, and go to Santa Cruz, we may soon get one of
them to go with us, and so have an interpreter, get a lad or two, and
learn the language.

'We are sadly in want of men; yet we cannot write to ask persons to
come out for this work who may be indisposed, when they arrive in
New Zealand, to carry out the particular system on which the Bishop
proceeds. Any man who would come out and consent to spend a summer at
the Melanesian school in New Zealand in order to learn his work, and
would give up any preconceived notions of his own about the way to
conduct missionary work that might militate against the Bishop's
plan--such a man would be, of course, the very person we want; but we
must try to make people understand that half-educated men will not do
for this work. Men sent out as clergymen to the mission-field who would
not have been thought fit to receive Holy Orders at home, are not at all
the men we want. It is not at all probable that such men would really
understand the natives, love them, and live with them; but they would be
great dons, keeping the natives at a distance, assuming that they could
have little in common, &c.--ideas wholly destructive of success in
missionary, or in any work. That pride of race which prompts a white man
to regard coloured people as inferior to himself, is strongly ingrained
in most men's minds, and must be wholly eradicated before they will ever
win the hearts, and thus the souls of the heathen.

'What a preachment, as usual, about Melanesia!...

'Your loving old Pupil and Nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Next follows a retrospective letter:--


'April 1, 1859: St. John's College.

'My dearest Father,--Thirty-two years old to-day! Well, it is a solemn
thing to think that one has so many days and months and years to account
for. Looking back, I see how fearfully I wasted opportunities which
I enjoyed, of which, I fancy, I should now avail myself gladly; but I
don't know that I fancy what is true, for my work now, though there
is plenty of it, is desultory, and I dare say hard application,
continuously kept up, would be as irksome to me as ever.

'It seems very strange to me that I never found any pleasure in
classical studies formerly. Now, the study of the languages for its own
sake even is so attractive to rue that I should enjoy working out the
exact and delicate powers of Greek particles, &c.; but I never cared for
it till it was too late, and the whole thing was drudgery to me. I
had no appreciation, again, of Historians, or historians; only thought
Thucydides difficult and Herodotus prosy(!!), and Tacitus dull, and Livy
apparently easy and really very hard. So, again, with the poets; and
most of all I found no interest (fancy!) in Plato and Aristotle. They
were presented to me as merely school books; not as the great effort of
the cultivated heathen mind to solve the riddle of man's being; and
I, in those days, never thought of comparing the heathen and Christian
ethics, and the great writers had no charm for me.

'Then my French. If I had really taken any pains with old Tarver in old
days--and it was your special wish that I should do so--how useful it
would be to me now; whereas, though I get on after a sort, I don't speak
at all as I ought to do, and might have learnt to do. It is sad to look
back upon all the neglected opportunities; and it is not only that I
have not got nearly (so to speak) a quantity of useful materials for
one's work in the present time, but that I find it very hard to shake
off desultory habits. I suppose all persons have to make reflections of
this kind, more or less sad; but, somehow, I feel it very keenly now:
for certainly I did waste time sadly; and it so happens that I have
just had "Tom Brown's Schooldays" lent me, and that I spent some time in
reading it on this particular day, and, of course, my Eton life rose up
before me. What a useful book that is! A real gain for a young person to
have such a book. That is very much the kind of thing that would really
help a boy--manly, true, and plain.

'I hear from Sydney by last mail that the Bishop is really desirous to
revive the long dormant Board of Missions. He means to propose to send
a priest and a deacon to every island ready for them, and to provide for
them--if they are forthcoming, and funds. Of this latter I have not much
doubt....

'April 24--I have to get ready for three English full services
to-morrow, besides Melanesian ditto.--So goodbye, my dearest Father,

'Your loving and dutiful Son,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Sir John Patteson might well say, in a letter of this summer, to Bishop
Selwyn:--

'As to my dear boy Coley, I am more and more thankful every day that I
agreed to his wishes; and in whatever situation he may be placed, feel
confident that his heart will be in his work, and that he will do God
service. He will be contented to work under any one who may be appointed
Bishop of Melanesia (or any other title), or to be the Bishop himself.
If I judge truly, he has no ambitious views, and only desires that he
may be made as useful as his powers enable him to be, whether in a high
or subordinate situation.'

Nothing could be more true than this. There was a general sense of the
probability that Mr. Patteson must be the first Missionary Bishop; but
he continued to work on at the immediate business, always keeping the
schemes and designs which necessarily rose in his mind ready to be
subjected to the control of whomsoever might be set over him. The cold
had set in severely enough to make it needful to carry off his 'party of
coughing, shivering Melanesians' before Easter, and the 'Southern Cross'
sailed on the 18th. Patteson took with him a good store of coffee,
sugar, and biscuits, being uncertain whether he should or should not
again remain at Lifu.

In the outward voyage he only landed his pupils there, and then went
on to the Banks Islands, where Sarawia was returned at Vanua Lava, and
after Mr. Patteson had spent a pleasant day among the natives, Mota was
visited next after.

'May 24.--On Monday, at 3 P.M., we sailed from Port Patteson across
to Mota. Here I landed among 750 people and the boat returned to the
vessel. She was to keep up to windward during the night and call for me
the next morning. I walked with my large following, from the teach, up
a short steep path, to the village, near to which, indeed only 200 yards
off, is another considerable village. The soil is excellent; the houses
good--built round the open space which answers to the green in
our villages, and mighty banyan trees spreading their lofty and
wide-branching arms above and around them. The side walls of these
houses are not more than two feet high, made only of bamboos lashed by
cocoa-nut fibre, or wattled together, and the long sloping roofs nearly
touch ground but within they are tolerably clean and quite dry. The moon
was in the first quarter, and the scene was striking as I sat out in
the open space with some 200 people crowding round me--men, women and
children; fires in front where yams were roasting; the dark brown forms
glancing to and fro in the flickering light; the moon's rays quivering
down through the vast trees, and the native hollow drum beating at
intervals to summon the people to the monthly feast on the morrow. I
slept comfortably on a mat in a cottage with many other persons in
it. Much talk I had with a large concourse outside, and again in this
cottage, on Christianity; and all were quiet when I knelt down as usual
and said my evening prayers. Up at 5.30 A.M., and walked up a part of
the Sugar Loaf peak, from which the island derives its English name, and
found a small clear stream, flowing, through a rocky bed, back to the
village, where were some 300 people assembled; sat some time with them,
then went to the beach, where the boat soon came for me.

'After this there was a good deal of bad weather; but all the lads were
restored to their islands, including Aroana, the young Malanta chief,
who had begun by a fit of frenzy, but had since behaved well; and who
left his English friends with a promise to do all in his power to tame
his people and cure them of cannibalism.'

Then came some foul winds and hot exhausting weather.

'I have done little more than read Stanley's "Sinai and Palestine," and
Helps's "Spanish America," two excellent books and most delightful
to me. The characters in the Spanish conquest of Mexico and America
generally; the whole question of the treatment of natives; and that
nobleman, Las Casas--are more intelligible to me than to most persons
probably. The circumstances of my present life enable me to realise it
to a greater extent.

'Then I have been dipping into a little ethnology; yesterday a little
Plato; but it is almost too hot for anything that requires a working
head-piece. You know I take holiday time this voyage when we are in open
water and no land near, and it is great relaxation to me.'

A pretty severe gale of wind followed, a sharp test of Patteson's
seamanship.

'Then came one day of calm, when we all got our clothes dry, and the
deck and rigging looked like an old clothes' shop. Then we got a fairish
breeze; but we can get nothing in moderation. Very soon it blew up
into a strong breeze, and here we are lying to with a very heavy sea.
Landsmen would call it mountainous, I suppose. I am tired, for I have
had an anxious time; and we have had but one quiet night for an age, and
then I slept from 9.30 P.M. to 7.30 A.M. continuously. 'It may be that
this is very good training for me. Indeed it must give me more coolness
and confidence. I felt pleased as well as thankful when we made the
exact point of Nengone that I had calculated upon, and at the exact
time.'

On the 20th of June, Auckland harbour was safely attained; but the
coming back without scholars did not make much of holiday time for their
master, who was ready to give help to other clergymen whenever it might
be needed, though, in fact, this desultory occupation always tried him
most.

On the 25th of July he says:--

'I have had a sixty miles' walk since I wrote last; some part of it over
wild country. I lost my way once or twice and got into some swamps, but
I had my little pocket-compass.

'My first day was eighteen miles in pouring rain; no road, in your sense
of the word; but a good warm room and tea at the end. Next day on the
move all day, by land and water, seeing settlers scattered about. Third
day, Sunday, services at two different places. Fourth day, walk of
some twenty-seven miles through unknown regions baptizing children
at different places; and reaching, after divers adventures, a very
hospitable resting-place at 8 p.m. in the dark. Next day an easy walk
into Auckland and Taurarua. Yesterday, Sunday, very wet day. Man-of-war
gig came down for me at 9.15 A.M., took the service on board; 11 A.M.
St. Paul's service; afternoon, hospital, a mile or so off; 6 P.M., St.
Paul's evening service; 8.30, arrived at Taurarua dripping.'

The same letter replies to one from home:--

'I thank you, my dear father, for writing so fully about yourself, and
especially, for seeing and stating so plainly your full conviction that
I ought not to think of returning to England. It would, as you say,
humanly speaking, interfere most seriously with the prospects of the
Mission. Some dear friends write to me differently, but they don't quite
understand, as you have taken pains to do, what our position is out
here; and they don't see that my absence would involve great probable
injury to the whole work.

'It is curious how few there are who know anything of New Zealand and
Melanesia!

'Of course it is useless to speculate on the future, but I see nothing
at all to make it likely that I shall ever revisit England. I can't
very well conceive any such state of things as would make it a duty to
gratify my constant inclination. And, my dear father, I don't scruple to
say (for you will understand me) that I am happier here than I should be
in England, where, even though I were absent only a few months, I should
bear about with me the constant weight of knowing that Melanesia was not
provided for. And, strange as it may seem, this has quite ceased to be a
trial to me. The effort of subduing the longing desire to see you is
no longer a great one: I feel that I am cheerful and bright, and
light-hearted, and that I have really everything to make a man thankful
and contented.

'And if you could see the thankful look of the Bishop, when he is again
assured that there is no item of regret or desire to call me home on
your part, you would feel, I know, that colonial work does require,
especially, an unconditional unreserved surrender of a man to whatever
he may find to do.'

But while admiring the noble spirit in which the son held fast his post,
and the father forebore to unsettle him there, let not their example
he used in the unkind and ignorant popular cry against the occasional
return of colonial Bishops. For, be it remembered, that dire necessity
was not drawing Coleridge Patteson to demand pecuniary assistance round
all the platforms of English towns. The Eton, and the Australian and New
Zealand Associations, supplemented by the Society for the Propagation of
the Gospel and his own family, relieved him from the need of having to
maintain his Mission by such means. All these letters are occupied with
the arrangements for raising means for removing the Melanesian College
to a less bleak situation, and it is impossible to read them without
feeling what a difference it made to have a father who did not view
giving to God's work as robbing his family.

On the 13th of August, Patteson was on board, preparing for the voyage;
very cold, and eager for the tropics. The parting voice in his farewell
letter is: 'I think I see more fully that work, by the power of God's
Spirit, is the condition of us all in this world; tiny and insignificant
as the greatest work of the greatest men is, in itself, yet the one
talent is to be used.'

It was meant to be a farewell letter, but another followed in the
leisure, while waiting for the Bishop to embark, with some strong (not
to say fiery) opinions on the stern side of duty:--

'I feel anxious to try to make some of the motives intelligible, upon
which we colonial folk act sometimes. First. I think that we get
a stronger sense of the necessity for dispensing with that kind of
courtesy and good nature which sometimes interferes with duty than
people do in England.

'So a man placed as I am (for example) really cannot oftentimes avoid
letting it be seen that work must come first; and, by degrees, one
sympathises less than one possibly should do with drones and idlers in
the hive, and feels it wrong to assent to a scheme which lets a real
work suffer for the sake of acquiescing in a conventional recognition of
comfort, claims of society, &c.

'Would the general of an army say to his officers, "Pray, gentlemen,
don't dirty your boots or fatigue your horses to succour the inhabitants
of a distant village"? Or a captain to his mates and middies: "Don't
turn out, don't go aloft. It is a thing hard, and you might get wet"?

'And the difference between us and people at home sometimes is, that we
don't see why a clergyman is not as much bound as an officer in the army
or navy to do what he is pledged of his own act to do; and that at home
the 'parsonage and pony-carriage' delusion practically makes men forget
this. I forget it as much as any man, and should very likely never have
seen the mistake but for my coming to New Zealand; and it is one of the
great blessings we enjoy.

'There is a mighty work to be done. God employs human agents, and the
Bible tells us what are the rules and conditions of their efficiency.

'"Oh! but, poor man, he has a sickly wife!" Yes, but, "it remaineth that
those who have wives be as they that have none."

'True, but the case of a large family? "Whosoever loveth child more than
me," &c.

'Second. The fact that we live almost without servants makes us more
independent, and also makes us acquainted with the secrets of each
other's housekeeping, &c. All that artificial intercourse which depends
a good deal upon a well-fitted servants' hall does not find place here.
More simple and more plain and homely in speech and act is our life in
the colonies--e.g., you meet me carrying six or seven loaves from town
to the college. "Oh, I knew that the Bishop had to meet some persons
there to-day, and I felt nearly sure there would be no breakfast then."
Of course an English person thinks, "Why didn't he send the bread?" To
which I answer, "Who was there to send?"

'I don't mean that I particularly like turning myself into a miller one
day and a butcher the next; but that doing it as a matter of course,
where there is no one else to do it, one does sometimes think it
unreasonable to say, as has been said to the Bishop:--"Two thousand
pounds a year you want for your Mission work!" "Yes," said the
Bishop, "and not too much for sailing over ten thousand miles, and for
educating, clothing, and feeding some forty young men!"

'I mean that conventional notions in England are preventing people from
really doing half what they might do for the good of the needy.

'I don't know how this might be said to be a theory tending to
revolutionise society; but I think I do know that there is a kind of
religious common sense which comes in to guide people in such matters.
Only, I do not think it right to admit that plea for not doing more in
the way of almsgiving which is founded upon the assumption that first
of all a certain position in society must be kept up, which involves
certain expenditure.

'A barrister is living comfortably on £800 a year, or a clergyman in
his living of £400. The professional income of the one increases, and a
fatter living is given to the other, or some money is left them. What
do they do? Instantly start a carriage, another servant, put the
jack-of-all-trades into a livery, turn the buttons into a flunkey, and
the village girl into a ladies' maid! Is this really right? They were
well enough before. Why not use the surplus for some better purpose?

'I imagine that we, the clergy, are chiefly to blame, for not only not
protesting against, but most contentedly acquiescing in such a state of
things. You ask now for something really demanding a sacrifice. "I can't
afford it." "What, not to rescue that village from starvation? not to
enable that good man to preach the Gospel to people only accessible by
means of such an outlay on his vessel, &c.? Give up your carriage,
your opera box; don't have so many grand balls, &c. "Oh no! it is all a
corban to the genius of society.

'Now, is this Scriptural or not, my dear father? I don't mean that any
individual is justified in dictating to his neighbour, still less in
condemning him. But are not these the general principles of religion and
morality in the Bible? There are duties to society: but a good man
will take serious counsel as to what they are, and how far they may be
militating against higher and holier claims.

'August 24.--Why I wrote all this, my dearest father, I hardly know,
only I feel sure that unless men at home can, by taking real pains to
think about it, realise the peculiar circumstances of colonial life,
they will never understand any one of us.

'I have written Fan a note in which I said something about my few
effects if I should die.

'One thing I should like to say to you, not as venturing to do more than
let you be in full possession of my own mind on the matter. Should I die
before you die, would it be wrong for me to say, "Make the Melanesian
Mission my heir"?

'It may be according to the view which generally obtains that the other
three should then divide my share. But now I would take what may seem
the hard view of which I have been writing, and say, "They have enough
to maintain them happily and comfortably." The Mission work without such
a bequest will be much endangered. I feel sure that they would wish
it to be so, for, of course, you know that this large sum of which you
write will be, if I survive you, regarded simply as a bequest to the
Mission in which I have a life interest, and the interest of which, in
the main, would be spent on the Mission.

'But I only say plainly, without any reserve, what I have thought about
it; not for one moment putting up my opinion against yours, of course,
in case you take a contrary view.

'We sail, I hope, to-morrow, but the Bishop is more busy than ever.

'Again, my dearest Father,

'Your loving and dutiful Son,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The history of this voyage was, as usual, given in a long letter for the
Feniton fireside; but there was a parallel journal also, kept for the
Bishop of Wellington, which is more condensed, and, therefore, better
for quotation.

The manner in which the interest in, and connection with all English
friends and relations was kept up is difficult to convey, though it was
a very loveable part of the character. Little comments of condolence or
congratulation, and messages of loving remembrance to persons mentioned
by playful names, would only be troublesome to the reader; but it must
be taken for granted that every reply to a home packet was full of these
evidences that the black children on a thousand isles had by no means
driven the cousins and friends of youth from a heart that was enlarged
to have tenderness for all.


'Lat. 9° 29' S.; Long. 163° S.E. "Southern Cross:" October 9, 1859.

'My dear Bishop,--We are on our way from Uleawa to the Santa Cruz group,
having visited the Loyalty Islands, Southern New Hebrides, Banks Island
(2), and Solomon Islands.

'The Bishop so planned the voyage as to run down the wind quickly to
the Solomon Islands, and do the real work coming home; not, as usual,
beating up in the open water between the Santa Cruz archipelago, Banks
Islands and New Hebrides to the east, and New Caledonia to the west. We
are thus able to visit Vanua Lava on the way out and home also; and as
we meant to make the Banks Islands the great point this voyage, that
was, of course, great gain.

'We touched at Norfolk Island.... Going on to Nengone we found everybody
away at the distant yam grounds, and could not wait to see them.

'At Lifu, the first thing that shocked us was John's appearance: one of
those fatal glandular swellings has already produced a great change in
him. He looked sallow and weak, and I fear ut sit vitalis. He spoke to
me very calmly about his illness, which he thinks is unto death, and I
did not contradict him.

'We had much private talk together. He is a fine fellow and, I believe,
a sincere Christian man. Then came the applications to us not to desert
them, and letters enumerating all the villages of Lifu almost without
exception, and entreating us to suffer them to be connected with us, and
we had to answer that already two missionaries from the L. M. S. are
on their way from Sydney to Lifu, and that it would do harm to have two
rival systems on the island. They acquiesced but not heartily, and it
was a sad affair altogether, all parties unhappy and dissatisfied, and
yet unable to solve the difficulty. Then came a talk with Angadhohua,
John's half-brother, the real chief. The poor lad feels now what a
terrible thing it will be for him and his people if they should lose
John. Nothing can be nicer than his way of talking: "I know you don't
think me firm enough, and that I am easily led by others. What am I to
do if John dies? We all respect him. He has been taught so much, and
people all listen to him." I gave him the best advice that I could
and longed to be able to do something for him and his people. It was,
however, a comfort to leave with them St. Mark, Scripture books, &c.

'We called at Tanna, to see poor Mr. Paton, who lost his wife last
April. He is living on there quite alone, and has already lived down the
first angry opposition of some of the people, and the unkind treatment
that he received from men and women alike who mocked him because of his
wife's death, &c. He has had much fever and looked very ill, but his
heart was in his work; and the Bishop said he seemed to be one of the
weak things which God hath chosen. I know he made me feel pretty well
ashamed of myself.

'Next day we spent a few hours with Mr. and Mrs. Gordon at Erromango. He
has a small house on the high table-land overlooking Dillon's Bay, and
certainly is exposed to winds which may, for aught I know, rival those
of Wellington notoriety. The situation is, however, far preferable in
the summer to that on the beach, which is seldom free from malaria and
ague.

'Then we sailed to the great bay of Pango, landed at Fate a fellow
who had come to the Bishop in New Zealand for a passage, and in the
afternoon sailed away through "the Pool" (the landlocked space between
Mallicolo and Espiritu Santo to the west; Aspee, Ambrym, Whitsuntide,
Aurora to the east), where for eighty miles the water is always smooth,
the wind always steady, the scenery always lovely, and where, on this
occasion, the volcano was bright.

'Being nearly becalmed to the south-east of Leper's Isle, the Bishop
gave me the choice of a visit to Whitsuntide or Leper's Island. I voted
for the latter, and delighted we were to renew an acquaintance made two
years ago, and not since kept up, with these specially nice people. We
were recognised at once, but we have a very small vocabulary.

'The sea was running heavily into the bay, but it is sand there and not
much rock on the beach, and we had a jolly swim ashore. Then we bought a
few yams, which the surf did not permit us to get to the boat, and had
a very pleasant visit; for, as we sat among them, words came into one's
head, or were caught from their mouth, and at the end of twenty minutes
we were getting on a little. The old chief took me by the hand and led
me aside to the spot where the ladies were assembled, and divining no
doubt that I was a bachelor, politely offered me his daughter, and his
protection, &c., if I would live among them.

'I missed seeing the Bishop knocked clean over by the breakers as he
was swimming off to the boat; I was still talking to the people, with my
back to the sea, and only saw him staggering to his feet again. Thinking
to myself that if he was knocked over, I had better look out, I awaited
a "smooth" and swam out comfortably.

'The next morning (Sunday) at ten, we dropped anchor in Port Patteson,
the harbour which you know the Bishop would call after my father. The
first person who came off to us was Sarawia, my old Lifu pupil, from
this island! Then came a good many men. I told them there would be no
going ashore and no trading till the next day. Palemana, your friend
Matawathki, &c., were at church, all dressed and well-behaved. What nice
orderly people they are, to be sure!

'The next day we bought lots of yams, and gave away seeds and
fruit-trees, or rather planted them; and looked for a place for a
station, and fixed at last on the rising-ground which forms the east
side of the harbour, and the Bishop, arming himself with an axe, led
a party to clear the bush, which was very thick. They made a fair path
through in one afternoon to the top, and a healthy place might be found
now with little trouble to return to at night from the schools, &c. in
the village below, and so shirk the malaria.

'But the next day, as I had anticipated, rather changed his intentions
as to the principal station being formed at Vanua Lava. We landed at
Sugar Loaf Island, and with something of pride I showed off to him the
beauties of the villages where I slept in May last--the dry soil,
the spring of water, the wondrous fertility, the large and remarkably
intelligent, well-looking population, the great banyan tree,
twenty-seven paces round--and at once he said, "This is such a place as
I have seen nowhere else for our purpose."

'The Bishop had seen this island before I was with him, during one of
the "Border Maid's" voyages, and knew the people, of course, but had not
happened to have walked in shore at all, and so the exceeding beauty and
fitness of the island for a Mission station had not become so apparent
to him. We know of no place where there seems to be such an unusual
combination of everything that can be desired, humanly speaking, for
such an institution. So that is settled (D.V.) that next winter I
should be here, if alive and well; and that the Banks Islands should be
regarded as the central point of the Mission.

'Such boys! Bright-eyed, merry fellows, many really handsome; of that
reddish yellow tinge of colour which betokens affinity with Polynesian
races, as their language also testifies. The majority of the people
were pleasing in their appearance and manner. Well, all this was very
hopeful, and we went off very happy, taking Eumau, the boy who first met
us at Port Patteson when we found it out, and old Wompas (who was with
me at Lifu), and another from Mota, to see the Northern Islands.

'I think our work is more likely now to revolve upon a fixed
centre--Sugar Loaf Island in the Banks group--that we shall make the
occupation of the group the first ohject, and do all with reference to
that as the necessary part of the work to be attended to first. In the
choice of scholars, e.g., we have considered whether we should not limit
our selection to such as might pass the next winter with me at Sugar
Loaf Island, and so that the vessel need not run down to leeward of it.
Solomon Islands are the extreme verge. In the East Island, where there
would be merely a question of nothing or something, we may take very
young men who would perhaps not be easy to keep out of harm at Sugar
Loaf, because there will be no difficulty about returning them to their
homes....

'November 11th.--We found in the Santa Cruz group that the news of
Captain Front's and his two men's death in Vanikoro, and (as we suppose)
the news of the "Cordelia" having been at that island to inquire into
the matter, had made the people anxious, uneasy, noisy, and rather
rude. That poor man went to make a station at Vanikoro in the usual way,
taking three poor New Caledonian women with him. The Vanikoro people
killed the three English and took away the women.

'We did not land at Sta. Cruz, but we had a more pleasant intercourse
than heretofore with thirty or forty canoes' crews.

'Timelin Island we ascertained to be identical with Nukapu, an old
familiar place whose latitude we had not ascertained correctly before.
The small reef (Polynesian) islands did not give us so good a reception
as last year, though there was no unfriendliness. The news about
Vanikoro had made them suspicious of visits from white men. But they
will be all right by next time....

'We saw a pleasant party at Bligh Island, brought away one young man
from that island, and two lads belonging to a neighbouring small island
called Eowa. The next day we watered on the north side of Vanua Lava,
and in the evening went across to Santa Maria. Here we landed on the
next day among two hundred or more people, shy and noisy. We bought a
few yams, and I detected some young fellows stealing from our little
heap I would not overlook this, but the noticing it made them more
suspicious that we meant to hurt them. As the Bishop and I, after some
twenty minutes, turned to rejoin the boat, the whole crowd bolted like
a shot right and left into the bush. Evidently they must have had some
trading crew tire a parting shot in mere wantonness at them from their
boat. I expected some arrows to be shot at us; but they did not shoot
any.

'The same evening (Saturday) we stood across the passage with a brisk
breeze, and took up our party, consisting of five and including Sarawia
and four others anciently noted as promising in appearance....

'We reached Mota (Sugar Loaf Island) in time to leave me for a night's
visit to the people. I had time before the boat called next day at noon
to see five or six of their villages. People quite accustomed to expect
me--all most friendly, apparently pleased to be told that I would stop
with them in the winter. Seven scholars joined us here....

'At Mai, I slept in the house of Petere and Laure. Things are promising.
It is quite ready for a missionary. We brought away Moto, Pepeu, and the
two young boys who were with me at Lifu, and very many wished to come.

'Thence we had a very long passage to Lifu. John Cho is, I am thankful
to say, very much better. The two men from the London Missionary Society
are on the island.... The Lifu people tell me that in the north of
the island many are accepting the teaching of the two French priests.
William Martin Tahia and Chakham, a principal chief and old scholar, are
with us.

'At Nengone, Wadrokala, George Simeona, and Harper Malo have come away
for good.... We number thirty-nine Melanesians.... This is a long letter
which will try your patience.

'Always, my dear Bishop,

'Affectionately yours,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Another long letter was written during this voyage to Mr. Edward
Coleridge, a great portion of it on the expediency of the islands being
taken under British protection, also much respecting the Church of New
Zealand, which is scarcely relevant to the immediate subject, and only
at the end is there anything more personal:--

'The last accounts of my father were unusually good, but I well know
what news may be awaiting our return from a voyage whether long or
short, and I try to be ready for any news; yet I suppose that I cannot
at all realize what it would be. It makes some difference when the idea
of meeting again in this world has been relinquished for now four and a
half years, yet it is all very well to wait or think about it! I was not
so upset by dear Uncle James's death as I should no doubt have been had
I enjoyed the prospect of frequently seeing him. Somehow, when all ideas
of time and space are annihilated by death, one must think about such
separations in a religious way: for separations in any other sense to us
here, from people in England, have already taken place. I must except,
however, the loving wise letters, and the power of realising more
clearly perhaps the occupations of those still in the body--their
accustomed places and duties; though I suppose we can tell quite enough
about all this in the case of those who have died in the true faith of
Christ to know, at all events, that we are brought and united to them
whenever we think or do anything religiously. I often think that this
is well brought out in the "Heir of Redclyffe"--the loss of "the bright
outside," the life and energy and vigour, and all the companionable and
sociable qualities, contrasted with the power of thinking oneself into
the inner spiritual relations that exist between the worlds visible and
invisible.

'All this effort is much diminished in our case. There is no very great
present loss; at least, it is not so sensibly felt by a great deal as it
would be if we missed some one with whom we lived up to the time of his
death. It is much easier to think of them as they are than it could be
in the case of persons who remember so vividly what they so lately were;
and this is why, I suppose, the news of Uncle James's death seemed to
affect me so much less than I should have expected, and it may be
so again: certain it is that I loved him dearly, and that I miss his
letters very much indeed; but I think that the point I felt most about
him was the sad affliction to his family, and the great loss to my dear
father, who had of late seen more than ever of him.'

From the home letter I only quote from the reflections so regularly
inspired by the anniversary of the 28th of November.

After lamenting that it was difficult to realise those scenes in his
mother's illness which he and his brother only knew from narration,
Patteson adds:--

'The memory of those days would perhaps have been more precious to me
if I had witnessed more with my own eyes. And yet of course it really
mattered nothing at all, because the lesson of her life does not depend
on an acquaintance with a few days of it; and what I saw when I was
there I never have forgotten, and hope that I never may forget.

'And indeed I feel now with regard to you, my dear Father, that I have
not learned to know you better while I was with you than I do now. I
think that in some ways I enter more almost into your mind and thought,
or that I fancy I do so: just as the present possession of anything so
often prevents our really taking pains to learn all about it. We rest
content with the superficial knowledge of that which is most easily
perceived and recognised in it....

'I think I know from your letters, and from the fact of my absence from
you making me think more about you, as much about you as those present.
I very much enjoy a letter from Joan, which gives me a kind of tableau
vivant of you all. That helps me to realize the home life; so do the
photographs, they help in the same way. But your letters, and the fact
that I think so much about them, and about you, are my real helps.'

The voyage ended on the 7th of December. It was the last made under the
guidance of the Bishop of New Zealand, and, alas! the last return of the
first 'Southern Cross.'




CHAPTER IX. MOTA AND ST. ANDREW'S COLLEGE, KOHIMARAMA. 1859-1862.



With the year 1860 a new period, and one far more responsible and
eventful, began. After working for four years under Bishop Selwyn's
superintendence, Coleridge Patteson was gradually passing into a sphere
of more independent action; and, though his loyal allegiance to his
Primate was even more of the heart than of the letter, his time of
training was over; he was left to act more on his own judgment; and
things were ripening for his becoming himself a Bishop. He had nearly
completed his thirty-third year, and was in his fullest strength, mental
and bodily; and, as has been seen, the idea had already through Bishop
Selwyn's letters become familiar to his family, though he himself had
shrunk from entertaining it.

The first great change regarded the locality of the Melanesian school in
New Zealand. Repeated experience had shown that St. John's College was
too bleak for creatures used to basking under a vertical sun, and it
had been decided to remove to the sheltered landing-place at Kohimarama,
where buildings for the purpose had been commenced so as to be habitable
in time for the freight of 1859.

It should be explained, that the current expenses of the Mission had
been defrayed by the Eton and Sydney associations, with chance help
from persons privately interested, together with a grant of £200, and
afterwards £300 per annum from the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel. The extra expense of this foundation was opportunely met by a
discovery on the part of Sir John Patteson, that his eldest son, living
upon the Merton Fellowship, had cost him £200 a year less than his
younger son, and therefore that, in his opinion, £800 was due to
Coleridge. Moreover, the earlier voyages, and, in especial the
characters of Siapo and Umao, had been so suggestive of incidents
fabricated in the 'Daisy Chain,' that the proceeds of the book were felt
to be the due of the Mission and at this time these had grown to such an
amount as to make up the sum needful for erecting such buildings as were
immediately requisite for the intended College.

These are described in the ensuing letter, which I give entire, because
the form of acknowledgment is the only style suitable to what, however
lightly acquired, was meant as an offering, even though it cost the
giver all too little:


'Kohimarama: Dec. 21, 1859.

'My dear Cousin,--I have received at length from my father a distinct
statement of what you have given to the Melanesian Mission. I had heard
rumours before, and the Bishop of Wellington had spoken to me of your
intentions, but the fact had not been regularly notified to us.

'I think I know you too well to say more than this. May God bless you
for what you have lent to Him, and give us, who are specially connected
with the Mission, grace to use your gift as you intend it to be used, to
His glory in the salvation of souls.

'But you will like to hear how your gift will be appropriated. For three
summers the Melanesian scholars lived at St. John's College, which is
situated on a low hill, from which the ground falls away on every side,
leaving it exposed to every wind that blows across and around the narrow
isthmus.

'Thank God, we had no death traceable to the effect of the climate,
but we had constant anxiety and a considerable amount of illness.
When arrangements were completed for the arrival of a new principal to
succeed the Bishop of Wellington, the college was no longer likely to be
available for the Mission school. Consequently, we determined to build
on the site long ago agreed upon; to put up some substantial buildings,
and to remove some of the wooden buildings at the College which would
not be required there, and set them up again at Kohimarama.

'Just opposite the entrance into the Auckland harbour, between the
island of Eangitoto with its double peak and the easternmost point of
the northern shore of the harbour, lies a very sheltered bay, with its
sea-frontage of rather more than a quarter of a mile, bounded to the
east, south, and west by low hills, which where they meet the sea become
sandy cliffs, fringed with the red-flower-bearing pohutakawa. The whole
of this bay, the seventy acres of flat rich soil included within the
rising ground mentioned, and some seventy acres more as yet lying
uncleared, adjoining the same block of seventy acres, and likely to be
very valuable, as the land is capital--the whole of this was bought by
the Bishop many years ago as the property of the Mission, and is the
only piece of Church land over which he retains the control, every other
bequest or gift to the amount of 14,000 acres, having been handed over
by him to the General Synod. This he retains till the state of the
Melanesian Mission is more definitely settled.

'On the west corner of this bay we determined to build. A small tide
creek runs for a short way about S.S.E. from the extreme end of the
western part of the beach, then turns early eastward, and meets a small
stream coming down from the southern hill at its western extremity. This
creek encloses a space extending along the whole width of the bay of
about eighteen or twenty acres.

'At the east end stand three wooden cottages, occupied by the master,
mate, and a married seaman of the "Southern Cross." At the west end
stands the Melanesian school. Fences divide the whole space into three
portions, whereof the western one forms our garden and orchard; and the
others pasture for cows and working bullocks; small gardens being also
fenced off for the three cottages. The fifty acres of flat land south of
the creek we are now clearing and ploughing.

'The situation here is admirably adapted for our school. Now that we
have a solid wall of the scoria from the volcanic island opposite, we
have a complete shelter from the cold south wind. The cliff and hill to
the west entirely shut off the wind from that quarter, and the north and
east winds are always warm. The soil is very dry, and the beach composed
exclusively of small "pipi" shells--small bivalves. So that by putting
many cart-loads of these under our wooden floors, and around our
buildings, we have so perfect a drainage that after heavy rain the soil
is quite dry again in a few hours. It causes me no anxiety now, when I
am for an hour away from my flock, to be thinking whether they are lying
on the ground, forgetting that the hot sun overhead does not destroy the
bad effect of a damp clay soil such as that at St. John's College.

'The buildings at present form three sides of a quadrangle, but the
south side is only partly filled up. The large schoolroom, eighty feet
long, with three sets of transepts, has been removed from the College,
and put up again so as to form the east side of the quadrangle. This
is of wood; so is the small wooden quadrangle which serves now for
dormitories, and a part of which I occupy; my house consisting of
three little rooms, together measuring seventeen feet by seven. These
dormitories are the southern side of the quadrangle, but do not reach
more than half-way from the east to the west side, room being left for
another set of dormitories of equal size, when we want them and
can afford them. The west side consists of a very nice set of stone
buildings, including a large kitchen, store room, and room for putting
things in daily and immediate use; and the hall, which is the northern
part of the side of the quadrangle, is a really handsome room, with
simple open roof and windows of a familiar collegiate appearance. These
buildings are of the dark grey scoria, almost imperishable I suppose,
and look very well. The hall is just long enough to take seven of us
at the high table (so to speak), and thirty-four at the long table,
stretching from the high table to the end of the room.

'At present this is used for school also, as the carpenters who
are making all our fittings, shelves, &c., are still in the large
schoolroom. We take off the north end of the schoolroom, including one
set of transepts for our temporary chapel. This part will be lined, i.e.
boarded, neatly inside. The rest of the building is very rough, but it
answers its purpose.

'In all the stone buildings, the rough stone is left inside just as
it is outside. It does not look bad at all to my eye, and I doubt if I
would have it lined if we had funds to pay for it.

'I hope eventually that stone buildings will take the place of the
present wooden schoolroom and dormitories; but this ought to last many
years. Here we live most happily and comfortably. The climate almost
tropical in summer. The beautiful scenery of the harbour before our
eyes, the smooth sea and clean dry beach within a stone's throw of my
window. The lads and young men have their fishing, bathing, boating,
and basking in the sun, which all day from sunrise to sunset beats right
upon us; for the west cliff does not project more than a few yards to
the north of us, and the eastern boundary is low and some way off. I see
the little schooner at her moorings whenever I look off my book or my
paper, and with an opera-glass can see the captain caulking the
decks. All is under my eye; and the lads daily say, "College too cold;
Kohimarama very good; all the same Bauro, Mota," as the speaker belongs
to one or other of our fourteen islands represented.... The moment we
heard of your gift, we said simultaneously, "Let it be given to this or
to some specific and definite object." I think you will like to feel
not only that the money came most opportunely, but that within the walls
built with that money, many many hundreds, I trust, of these Melanesian
islanders will be fed and taught, and trained up in the knowledge and
fear of God....

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Before the old year was out came the tidings of the death of good Miss
Neill, the governess whom Patteson had so faithfully loved from early
childhood, and whose years of suffering he had done his best to cheer.
'At rest at last.' In the same letter, in answer to some complaint from
his sister of want of detail in the reports, he says: 'Am I trying to
make my life commonplace? Well, really so it is more or less to me.
Things go on in a kind of routine. Two voyages a year, five months in
New Zealand, though certainly two-thirds of my flock fresh every year. I
suppose it still sounds strange to you sometimes, and to others always,
but they should try to think for themselves about our circumstances.

'And you know, Fan, I can't write for the world at large anecdotes of
missionary life, and swell the number of the "Gems" and other trashy
books. If people who care to know, would think of what their own
intuition tells them of human nature, and history tells them of
heathenism, they can make out some notion of real missionary work.

'The school is the real work. Teaching adults to read a strange tongue
is hard work; I have little doubt but that the Bishop is right in saying
they must be taught English; but it is so very difficult a language, not
spelt a bit as pronounced; and their language is all vocalic and so easy
to put into writing.

'But if you like I will scatter anecdotes about--of how the Bishop and
his chaplain took headers hand in hand off the schooner and roundhouse;
and how the Bishop got knocked over at Leper's Island by a big wave;
and how I borrowed a canoe at Tariko and paddled out yams as fast as the
Bishop brought them to our boat, &c.--but this is rubbish.'

This letter is an instance of the reserve and reticence which Mr.
Patteson felt so strongly with regard to his adventures and pupils.
He could not endure stories of them to become, as it were, stock for
exciting interest at home. There was something in his nature that shrank
from publishing accounts of individual pupils as a breach of confidence,
as much, or perhaps even more, than if they had been English people,
likely to know what had been done. Moreover, instances had come to his
knowledge in which harm had been done to both teachers and taught by
their becoming aware that they were shown off to the public in print.
Such things had happened even where they would have seemed not only
unlikely, but impossible; and this rendered him particularly cautious
in writing of his work, so that his reports were often dry, while he
insisted strongly on his letters to his family being kept private.

The actual undertakings of the Mission did not exceed its resources, so
that there was no need for those urgent appeals which call for sensation
and incident to back them; and thus there sometimes seemed to the
exterior world to be a lack of information about the Mission.

The letters of January 1860 show how the lads were fortified
against weather: 'They wear a long flannel waistcoat, then a kind of
jersey-shaped thing, with short trousers, reaching a little below the
knee, for they dabble about like ducks here, the sea being not a hundred
yards from the building. All the washing, of course, and most of the
clothes-making they can do themselves; I can cut out after a fashion,
and they take quickly to needle and thread; but now the Auckland ladies
have provided divers very nice garments, their Sunday dresses are very
nice indeed.'

The question of the Bishopric began to come forward. On the 18th of
January a letter to Sir John Patteson, after speaking of a playful
allusion which introduced the subject, details how Mrs. Selwyn had
disclosed that a letter had actually been despatched to the Duke of
Newcastle, then Colonial Secretary, asking permission to appoint and
consecrate John Coleridge Patteson as Missionary Bishop of the Western
Pacific Isles.

J.C.P.--'Well, then, I must say what I feel about it. I have known for
some time that this was not unlikely to come some day; but I never spoke
seriously to you or to the Martins when you insinuated these things,
because I thought if I took it up gravely it would come to be considered
a settled thing.'

Mrs. S.--'Well, so it has been, and is----'

J.C.P.--'But has the Bishop seriously thought of this, that he has had
no trial of any other man; that I could give any other man who may
come, perhaps, the full benefit of my knowledge of languages, and of my
acquaintance with the islands and the people, while we may reasonably
expect some one to come out before long far better fitted to organise
and lead men than I am? Has he fairly looked at all the per contra?

Mrs. S.--'I feel sure he has.'

J.C. P.--'I don't deny that my father tells me I must not shrink from
it; that some things seem to point to it as natural; that I must not
venture to think that I can be as complete a judge as the Bishop of what
is good for Melanesia--but what necessity for acting now?'

Here came an interruption, but the conversation was renewed later in
the day with the Bishop himself, when Patteson pleaded for delay on
the score that the isles were as yet in a state in which a missionary
chaplain could do all that was requisite, and that the real management
ought not to be withdrawn from the Bishop; to which the reply was
that at the present time the Bishop could do much to secure such
an appointment as he wished; but, in case of his death, even wishes
expressed in writing might be disregarded. After this, the outpouring to
the father continues:--

'I don't mean to shrink from this. You tell me that I ought not to do
so, and I quite believe it. I know that no one can judge better than you
can as to the general question, and the Bishop is as competent to decide
on the special requirements of the case.

'But, my dear father, you can hardly tell how difficult I find it to
be, amidst all the multiplicity of works, a man of devotional prayerful
habits; how I find from time to time that I wake up to the fact that
while I am doing more than I did in old times, yet that I pray less. How
often I think that "God gives" habitually to the Bishop "all that sail
with him;" that the work is prospering in his hands; but will it prosper
in mine? I know He can use any instrument to His glory: I know that,
and that He will not let my sins and shortcomings hinder His projects of
love and blessing to these Melanesian islanders; but as far as purity
of motive, and a spirit of prayer and self-denial do go for anything in
making up the qualification on the human side for such an office--in so
far, do they exist in me? You will say I am over sensitive and expect
too much. That, I think, very likely may be true. It is useless to wait
till one becomes really fit, for that of course I never shall be.
But while I believe most entirely that grace does now supply all our
deficiencies when we seek it fully, I do feel frightened when I see that
I do not become more prayerful, more real in communion with God. This
is what I must pray for earnestly: to become more prayerful, more
constantly impressed with the necessity of seeking for everything from
Him.

'You all think that absence from relations, living upon yams, want of
the same kind of meat and drink that I had at home, that these things
are proofs of sincerity, &c. I believe that they all mean just nothing
when the practical result does not come to this--that a man is walking
more closely with his God. I dare not say that I can feel humbly and
reverently that my inner life is progressing. I don't think that I am
as earnest in prayer as I was. Whether it be the effect of the amount
of work distracting me; or, sometimes, of physical weariness, or of the
self-indulgence (laugh as you may) which results from my never being
contradicted or interfered with, or much worried, still I do feel this;
and may He strengthen me to pray more for a spirit of prayer.

'I don't know that the actual time for my being consecrated, if I live,
is nearer by reason of this letter: I think it most probable that it may
take place when the General Synod meets, and, consequently, five bishops
will be present, in 1862, at Nelson. But I suppose it is more fixed than
it has been hitherto, and if the Bishop writes to you, as he may do,
even more plainly than he speaks to me, you will know what especially to
ask for me from God, and all you dear ones will recollect daily how I do
inwardly tremble at the thoughts of what is to come. Do you remember how
strangely I was upset before leaving home for my ordination as a deacon;
and now it is coming to this--a church to be planted, organised, edified
among the wild heathen inhabitants of Melanesia; and what hope can there
be for me if there is to be no growth of a fervent, thankful, humble
spirit of prayer and love and adoration? Not that, as I feel to my great
comfort, God's work is dependent upon the individual growth in grace
even of those who are entrusted with any given work; but it is in some
way connected with it.

'And yet, the upshot of it all is that I shall do (D.V.) what the Bishop
tells me is right. I hope he won't press on the matter, but I am content
now to leave it with him, knowing what you have said, and being so
thankful to leave it with you and him.'

There is a letter to his sister Fanny of the same date, beginning
merrily about the family expostulation on receiving a box of reports
where curiosities had been expected:--

'Fancy not thinking your worthy brother's important publications the
most satisfactory treasures that any box could contain! The author's
feelings are seriously injured! What are Melanesian shells to Melanesian
statistics, and Lifu spears to a dissertation on the treatment of Lifu
diseases? Great is the ingratitude of the houses of Feniton and Dawlish!

'Well, it must have been rather a "sell," as at Eton it is called, to
have seen the long-desired and highly-paid-for box disgorge nought but
Melanesian reports! all thanks to Mrs. Martin, who packed it after I was
off to the Islands.

'I cannot send you anything yet, but I will bear in mind the fact that
reports by themselves are not considered satisfactory. Does anybody read
them, after all? for they really cost me some days' trouble, which I
can't find time for again. This year's report (for I suppose there must
be one) is not begun, and I don't know what to put in it. I have but
little news beyond what I have written once for all to Father.

'The decisive letter from the Bishop of New Zealand to the Duke of
Newcastle is in the Governor's hands, and all discussion of the question
is at an end. May God bring out of it all that may conduce to His glory;
but how I dread what is to come, you, who remember my leaving home first
for my deacon's ordination, can well imagine.

'It is true I have seen this coming for a year or two, and have seen
no way of preventing its coming upon me--no one else has come out; the
Bishop feels he cannot work his present diocese and Melanesia: he is
satisfied that he ought to take New Zealand rather than the islands;
that the time is come for settling the matter while he is able to settle
it; and I had nothing to say, for all personal objections he overruled.
So then, if I live, it is settled; and that, at all events, is a
comfort.... Many of my Melanesians have heavy coughs--some twelve, but I
don't think any of them seriously ill, only needing to be watched. I
am very well, only I want some more exercise (which, by the bye, it is
always in my power to take), and am quite as much disposed as ever to
wish for a good game at tennis or fives to take it out of me.

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The birthday letter of February 11 is a happy one, though chiefly taken
up with the business matters respecting the money required for the
Mission, of which Sir John was one trustee. Life was pleasant then, for
Patteson says:--

'I do feel sometimes that the living alone has its temptations, and
those great ones; I mean that I can arrange everything--my work, my
hours, my whole life--after my own pleasure a great deal more than
probably is good for me; and it is very easy to become, in a manner,
very self-indulgent. I think that most likely, as our work (D.V.)
progresses, one or two men may be living with me, and that will supply a
check upon me of some kind. At present I am too much without it. Here
I am in my cosy little room, after my delicious breakfast of perfect
coffee, made in Jem's contrivance, hot milk and plenty of it, dry
toast and potato. Missionary hardships! On the grass between me and the
beach--a distance of some seventy yards--lie the boys' canvas beds and
blankets and rugs, having a good airing. The schooner lies at anchor
beyond; and, three or four miles beyond the schooner, lies Eangitoto,
the great natural breakwater to the harbour. With my Dollond's
opera-glass that you gave me, I can see the master and mate at their
work refitting. Everything is under my eye. Our long boat and whale boat
(so-called from their shapes) lie on the beach, covered with old sails
to protect them from the sun. The lads are washing clothes, or
scrubbing their rooms, and all the rooms--kitchen, hall, store-room,
and school-room. There is a good south-western breeze stirring--our cold
wind; but it is shut off here, and scarcely reaches us, and the sun has
great power.

'I have the jolliest little fellows this time--about seven of
them--fellows scarcely too big to take on my knee, and talk to about
God, and Heaven, and Jesus Christ; and I feel almost as if I had a kind
of instinct of love towards them, as they look up wonderingly with their
deep deep eyes, and smooth and glossy skins, and warm soft cheeks, and
ask their simple questions. I wish you could have seen the twenty Banks
Islanders as I told them that most excellent of all tales--the story
of Joseph. How their eyes glistened! and they pushed out their heads to
hear the sequel of his making himself known to his brethren, and asking
once more about "the old man of whom ye spake, is he yet alive?"

'I can never read it with a steady voice, nor tell it either.'

Sir John had thus replied to the tirade against English conventional
luxury:--

'The conventional notions in this old country are not always suited to
your country, and I quite agree that even here they are carried too far.
Yet there are other people than the needy whose souls are entrusted to
the clergy here, and in order to fulfil that trust they must mix on some
degree of equality with the gentry, and with the middle classes who are
well-to-do. Then again, consider both as to clergy and laity here. If
they were all to lower themselves a peg or two, and give up many not
only luxuries, but comforts, numbers of tradesmen, and others working
under them, aye, even merchants, manufacturers, and commercial men of
all sorts, would be to some extent thrown out of employ. The artificial
and even luxurious state of society here does really prevent many
persons from falling into the class of the needy. All this should
be regulated in its due proportion. Every man ought so to limit his
expenses as to have a good margin for charitable purposes of all sorts,
but I cannot think that he is doing good by living himself like a pauper
in order to assist paupers. If all men did so, labour of all kinds would
be overstocked with hands, and more paupers created. True it is, that
we all are too apt as means increase, some to set our hearts upon them,
which is wickedness; some to indulge in over much luxury, which is
wicked also; there should be moderation in all things. I believe that
more money is given in private charities of various kinds in helping
those who are struggling with small means, and yet not apparently in
the class of the needy, than the world is aware of; and those who do the
most are precisely those who are never heard of. But do not mistake me.
I am no advocate for luxury and idle expenditure. Yet I think you carry
your argument a little farther than is just. The impositions that are
practised, or attempted to be practised, upon charitable people are
beyond all conception.' The following is the answer:--


'April 23, 1860.

'My dearest Father,--Thank you for writing your views about luxuries,
extravagant expenditure, and the like. I see at once the truth of what
you say.

'What I really mean is something of this kind. A high degree of
civilisation seems to generate (perhaps necessarily) a state of society
wherein the natural desires of people to gratify their inclinations
in all directions, conjoined with the power of paying highly for the
gratification of such inclinations, tends to call forth the ingenuity of
the working class in meeting such inclinations in all agreeable ways. So
springs up a complicated mechanism, by which a habit of life altogether
unnecessary for health and security of life and property is introduced
and becomes naturalised among a people.

If this is the necessary consequence of the distinction between rich and
poor, and the course of civilisation must result in luxury and poverty
among the two classes respectively (and this seems to be so), it is,
of course, still more evident that the state of society being once
established gradually, through a long course of years, no change can
subsequently be introduced excepting in one way. It is still in the
power of individuals to act upon the community by their example--e.g.,
the early Christians, though only for a short time, showed the result
of the practical acceptance of the Lord's teaching in its effect upon
society. Rich and poor, comparatively speaking, met each other half way.
The rich man sold his possessions, and equal distribution was made to
the poor.

'All that I contend for is that, seeing the fearful deterioration, and
no less fearful extravagance, of a civilised country, the evil is one
which calls loudly for careful investigation. Thousands of artisans
and labourers who contribute nothing to the substantial wealth of the
country, and nothing towards the production of its means of subsistence,
would be thrown out of employment, and therefore that plan would be
wrong. Jewellers, &c., &c., all kinds of fellows who simply manufacture
vanities, are just as honest and good men as others, and it is not their
fault, but the fault (if it be one at all) of civilisation that
they exist. But I don't see why, the evil being recognised, some
comprehensive scheme of colonisation might not be adopted by the rulers
of a Christian land, to empty our poor-houses, and draft off the surplus
population, giving to the utterly destitute the prospect of health,
and renewed hopes of success in another thinly-inhabited country, and
securing for those who remain behind a more liberal remuneration for
their work by the comparative absence of competition.

'I hardly know what to write to you, my dear Father, about this new
symptom of illness. I suppose, from what you say, that at your time
of life the disease being so mild in its form now, will hardly prove
dangerous to you, especially as you submit at once to a strictness of
diet which must be pretty hard to follow out--just the habit of a whole
life to be given up; and I know that to forego anything that I like, in
matters of eating and drinking, wants an effort that I feel ashamed of
being obliged to make. I don't, therefore, make myself unnecessarily
anxious, though I can't help feeling that such a discipline must be
hard. You say that in other respects you are much the same; but that
means that you are in almost constant pain, and that you cannot obtain
entire relief from it, except in bed.

'Still, my dear Father, as you do bear it all, how can we wish that God
should spare you one trial or infirmity, which, we know, are, in His
providence, making you daily riper and riper for Heaven? I ought not
to write to you like this, but somehow the idea of our ever meeting
anywhere else has so entirely passed from my mind, that I try to view
things with reference to His ultimate purpose and work.

'Your loving and dutiful Son,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The most present trouble of this summer was the sickness of Simeona. The
account of him on Ash Wednesday is: 'He is dying of consumption slowly,
and may go back with us two months hence, but I doubt it. Poor fellow,
he makes the worst of his case, and is often discontented and thinks
himself aggrieved because we cannot derange the whole plan of the school
economy for him. I have everything which is good for him, every little
dainty, and everyone is most kind; but when it comes to a complaint
because one pupil-teacher is not set apart to sit with him all day, and
another to catch him fish, of course I tell him that it would be wrong
to grant what is so unreasonable. Some one or other of the most stupid
of the boys catches his fish just as well as a pupil-teacher, and he is
quite able to sit up and read for two or three hours a day, and would
only be injured by having another lad in the room on purpose to be the
receptacle of all his moans and complaints, yet I know, poor fellow! it
is much owing to the disease upon him.'

In spite of his fretfulness and exactions, the young man, meeting not
with spoiling, but with true kindness, responded to the touch. Lady
Martin tells us: 'I shall never forget dear Mr. Patteson's thankfulness
when, after a long season of reserve, he opened his heart to him, and
told him how, step by step, this sinfulness of sin had been brought home
to him. He knew he had done wrong in his heathen boyhood, but had put
away such deeds when he was baptized, and had almost forgotten the past,
or looked on it as part of heathenism. But in his illness, tended daily
and hourly by our dear friend, his conscience had become very tender. He
died in great peace.'

His death is mentioned in the following letter to Sir John Coleridge:--


'March 26, 1860. '(This day 5 years I left home. It was a Black Monday
indeed.)

'My dear Uncle,--At three this morning died one of my old scholars,
by name George Selwyn Simeona, from Nengone. He was here for his third
time; for two years a regular communicant, having received a good deal
of teaching before I knew him. He was baptized three years ago. I did
not wish to bring him this time, for it was evident that he could not
live long when we met last at Nengone, and I told him that he had better
not come with us; but he said, "Heaven was no farther from New Zealand
than from Nengone;" and when we had pulled some little way from shore,
he ran down the beach, and made us return to take him in. Gradual
decline and chronic bronchitis wore him to a skeleton. On Thursday the
Bishop and I administered the Holy Eucharist to him; and he died at 3
A.M. to-day, with his hand in mine, as I was in the act of commending
his soul to God. His wife, a sweet good girl, one of Mrs. Selwyn's
pupils from Nengone in old times, died last year. They leave one boy of
three years, whom I hope to get hold of entirely, and as it were adopt
him.

'The clear bright moon was right over my head as after a while, and
after prayer with his friends, I left his room; the quiet splash of
the tiny waves on our sheltered shore, and the little schooner at
her anchorage: and I thanked God that one more spirit from among the
Melanesian islanders was gone to dwell, we trust, with JESUS CHRIST in
Paradise.

'He will not be much missed in the Melanesian school work, for, for
months, he could not make one of us....

'I find Trench's Notes on the Authorised Version of the New Testament
very useful, chiefly as helping one to acquire a habit of accurate
criticism for oneself, and when we come (D.V.) to translate any portion
of the Scriptures, of course such books are very valuable.'

'Last mail brought me but a very few letters. The account of my dear
Father's being obliged to submit to discipline did not alarm me, though
I know the nature of the disease, and that his father died of it. It
seems in his case likely to be kept under, but (as I have said before) I
cannot feel uneasy and anxious about him, be the accounts what they may.
It is partly selfish, for I am spared the sight of his suffering, but
then I do long for a look at his dear face and for the sound of his
voice. Five years of absence has of course made so much change in my
mind in this respect, that I do not now find myself dreaming of home,
constantly thinking of it; the first freshness of my loss is not felt
now. But I think I love them all and you all better than ever; and I
trust that I am looking inward on the whole to the blessedness of our
meeting hereafter.

'But this work has its peculiar dangers. A man may become so
familiarised with the habits of the heathen that insensibly his
conscience becomes less sensitive.

'There is a danger in living in the midst of utter lawlessness and
violence; and though the blessings and privileges far excel the
disadvantages, yet it is not in every way calculated to help one
forward, as I think I have in some ways found by experience.

'Well, this is all dull and dry. But our life is somewhat monotonous on
shore, varied only by the details of incidents occurring in school,
and witnessing to the growth of the minds of my flock. They are a very
intelligent set this year, and there are many hopeful ones among them.
We have worked them hard at English, and all can read a little; and some
eight or ten really read nicely, but then they do not understand nearly
all they read without an explanation, just like an English boy
beginning his knowledge of letters with Latin (or French, a still spoken
language).

'In about a month we shall (D.V.) start to take them back; but the
vessel will be absent but a short time, as I shall keep the Solomon
Islanders with me in the Banks Archipelago for the winter, and so avoid
the necessity of the schooner running 200 or 300 miles to leeward and
having to make it up again. I have slept ashore twice in the Banks
Islands, but no other white man has done so, and that makes our course
very clear, as they have none of the injuries usually committed by
traders, &c., to revenge.

'Good-bye once more, my dearest Uncle,

'Your affectionate and grateful Nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The calmness of mind respecting his father which is here spoken of was
not perpetual, and his grief broke out at times in talks with his young
friend and companion, Mr. Dudley, as appears by this extract:--

'I remember his talking to me more than once on the subject of his
father, and especially his remarking on one occasion that his friends
were pressing him to come out there oftener, and suggesting, when
he seemed out of health and spirits, that he was not taking care of
himself; but that it was the anguish he endured, as night after night he
lay awake thinking of his father gradually sinking and craving for him,
and cheerfully resigning him, that really told upon him. I know that I
obtained then a glimpse of an affection and a depth of sorrow such as
perfectly awed me, and I do not think I have witnessed anything like it
at all, either before or since. It was then that he seemed to enter into
the full meaning of those words of our Lord, in St. Mark x. 29-30, i.e.,
into all that the "leaving" there spoken of involved.'

Yet in spite of this anxiety there was no flinching from the three
months' residence at Mota, entirely out of reach of letters. A frame
house, with planks for the floor, was prepared at Auckland to be taken
out, and a stock of wine, provisions, and medicines laid in. The Rev.
B. Y. Ashwell, a New Zealand clergyman, joined the Mission party as a
guest, with two Maori youths, one the son of a deacon; and, besides Mr.
Dudley, another pupil, Mr. Thomas Kerr, was beginning his training for
service in the Mission. Sailing on one of the last days of April, there
was a long passage to Nengone, where the party went ashore, and found
everything in trouble, the French constantly expected, and the chiefs
entreating for a missionary from the Bishop, and no possibility of
supplying them. Lifu was rendered inaccessible by foul winds.

'Much to my sorrow,' writes Mr. Patteson, 'I could not land my two
pupil-teachers, who, of course, wished to see their friends, and who
made me more desirous to give them a run on shore, by saying at once:
"Don't think of us, it is not safe to go." But I thought of what my
feelings would be if it were the Devonshire coast, somewhere about
Sidmouth, and no landing!' However, they, as well as the three
Nengonese, Wadrokala, Harper Malo, and Martin Tahia, went on
contentedly.

'Off Mai, May 19th.--Mr. Kerr has been busy taking bearings, &c., for
the purpose of improving our MS. chart, and constructing a new one.
Commodore Loring wanted me to tell him all about Port Patteson, and
asked me if I wished a man-of-war to be sent down this winter to see me,
supposing the New Zealand troubles to be all over. I gave him all the
information he wanted, told him that I did not want a vessel to come
with the idea of any protection being required, but that a man-of-war
coming with the intention of supporting the Mission, and giving help,
and not coming to treat the natives in an off-hand manner, might do
good. I did not speak coldly; but really I fear what mischief even a
few wildish fellows might do on shore among such people as those of the
Banks Islands!

'A fore-and-aft schooner in sight! Probably some trader. May be a
schooner which I heard the French had brought for missionary purposes.
What if we find a priest or two at Port Patteson! However, my course is
clear any way: work straight on.

'May 21st.--Schooner a false alarm. We had a very interesting visit on
Saturday afternoon at Mai. We could not land till 4 P.M.; walked at once
to the village, a mile and a half inland. After some excitement caused
by our appearance, the people rushing to welcome us, we got them to be
quiet, and to sit down. I stood up, and gave them a sermonette, then
made Dudley, who speaks good Mai, say something. Then we knelt down, and
I said the second Good Friday Collect, inserted a few petitions which
you can imagine anyone would do at such a time, then a simple prayer in
their language, the Lord's Prayer in English, and the Grace.'

On Friday Mota was reached, and the people showed great delight when
the frame of the house was landed at the site purchased for a number
of hatchets and other goods, so that it is the absolute property of
the Mission. Saturday was spent in a visit to Port Patteson, where the
people thronged, while the water-casks were being filled, and bamboos
cut down, with entreaties that the station might be there; and the
mosquitoes thronged too--Mr. Patteson had fifty-eight bites on one foot.

On Whit Sunday, after Holy Communion on board, the party went on shore,
and prayed for, 'I cannot say with the people of Vanua Lava.'

And on Whit Monday the house was set up 'in a most lovely spot,' says
Mr. Dudley, 'beneath the shade of a gigantic banyan tree, the trunk and
one long horizontal branch of which formed two sides of as beautiful
a picture as you would wish to look upon; the sloping bank, with
its cocoa-nut, bread-fruit, and other trees, forming the base of the
picture; and the coral beach, the deep, clear, blue tropical ocean, with
others of the Banks Islands, Valua, Matlavo, and Uvaparapara, in the
distance, forming the picture itself.'

At least a hundred natives came to help, pulling down materials from
their own houses to make the roof, and delighted to obtain a bit of
iron, or still better of broken glass, to shave with. In the afternoon,
the master of the said house, using a box for a desk, wrote: 'Our little
house will, I think, be finished to-night; anyhow we can sleep in it,
if the walls are but half ready; they are merely bamboo canes tied
together. We sleep on the floor boarded and well raised on poles, two
feet and more from the ground--beds are superfluous here.'

Here then was the first stake of the Church's tabernacle planted in all
Melanesia!

The boards of the floor had been brought from New Zealand, the heavy
posts on which the plates were laid were cut in Vanua Lava, and the
thatch was of cocoa-nut leaves, the leaflets ingeniously bound together,
native fashion, and quite waterproof; but a mat or piece of canvas had
to be nailed within the bamboo walls to keep out the rain.

On Wednesday a short service was held, the first ever known in Mota;
and then Mr. Ashwell and Mr. Kerr embarked, leaving Mr. Patteson and Mr.
Dudley with their twelve pupils in possession. Mr. Dudley had skill to
turn their resources to advantage. Space was gained below by making a
frame, to which knapsacks, bags, &c., could be hung up, and the floor
was only occupied by the four boxes, which did the further part of
tables, desks, and chairs in turn. As to beds, was not the whole floor
before them? and, observes the Journal: 'Now I see the advantage of
having brought planks from New Zealand to make a floor. We all had
something level to lie on at night, and when you are tired enough, a
good smooth plank or a box does just as well as a mattress.'

Fresh water was half a mile off, and had to be fetched in bamboos; but
this was a great improvement upon Lifu, where there was none at all; and
a store of it was always kept in four twenty-gallon casks, three on the
beach, and one close to the house.

The place was regularly purchased:--

'June 8th.--I have just bought for the Mission this small clearing of
half an acre, and the two acres (say) leading to the sea, with twenty or
more bread-fruits on it. There was a long talk with the people, and some
difficulty in finding out the real proprietors, but I think we arranged
matters really well at last. You would have been amused at the solemnity
with which I conducted the proceeding: making a great show of writing
down their names, and bringing each one of the owners up in their turn
to see his name put down, and making him touch my pen as I put a cross
against his name. Having spent about an hour in enquiring whether any
other person had any claim on the land or trees, I then said, "Now this
all belongs to me," and they assented. I entered it in my books--"On
behalf of the Melanesian Mission," but they could only understand that
the land belonged to the Bishop and me, because we wanted a place where
some people might live, who should be placed by the Bishop to teach
them. Of course the proceeding has no real validity, but I think they
will observe the contract: not quite the same thing as the transfer of
land in the old country! Here about 120 men, quite naked, represented
the interests of the late owners, and Dudley and I represented the
Mission.'

The days were thus laid out--Morning school in the village, first with
the regular scholars, then with any one who liked to come in; and then,
when the weather permitted, a visit to some village, sometimes walking
all round, a circuit of ten miles, but generally each of the two taking
a separate village, talking to the people, teaching them from cards, and
encouraging interrogatories. Mr. Patteson always had such an attraction
for them that they would throng round him eagerly wherever he went.

The Mota people had a certain faith of their own; they believed in
a supreme god called Ikpat, who had many brothers, one of whom was
something like Loki, in the Northern mythology, always tricking him.
Ikpat had disappeared in a ship, taking the best of everything with him.
It was also believed that the spirits of the dead survived and ranged
about at night, maddening all who chanced to meet them; and, like many
other darkly coloured people, the Motans had begun by supposing their
white visitors to be the ghosts of their deceased friends come to
revisit them.

There were a good many other superstitions besides; and a ceremony
connected with one of them was going on the second week of the residence
at Mota--apparently a sort of freemasonry, into which all boys of a
certain age were to be initiated.

The Journal says:--

'There is some strange superstitious ceremony going on at this village.
A space had been enclosed by a high hedge, and some eighteen or nineteen
youths are spending a month or more inside the fence, in a house where
they lie wrapped up in mats, abundantly supplied with food by the
people, who, from time to time, assemble to sing or perform divers
rites. I had a good deal of trouble with the father of our second year's
pupil Tagalana, who insisted upon sending his son thither. I warned
him against the consequences of hindering his son, who wished to follow
Christ. He yielded, because he was evidently afraid of me, but not
convinced, as I have no right to expect he should be.

'The next morning comes an old fellow, and plants a red-flowering branch
in our small clearing, whereupon our Mota boys go away, not wishing to
go, but not daring to stay. No people came near us, but by-and-by comes
the man who had planted it, with whom I had much talk, which ended in
his pulling up and throwing away the branch, and in the return of our
boys.

'In the evening many people came, to whom I spoke very plainly about the
necessity of abandoning these customs if they were in earnest in saying
they wished to embrace the Word of God. On Sunday they gave up their
singing at the enclosure, or only attempted it in a very small way.

'June 6th.--I am just returned from a village a mile and a half off,
called Tasmate, where one of their religious ceremonies took place this
morning. The village contains upwards of twenty houses, built at
the edge of the bush, which consists here almost exclusively of
fruit-bearing trees--cocoa-nut trees, bananas, bread-fruit, and large
almond trefts are everywhere the most conspicuous. The sea view looking
south is very beautiful.

'I walked thither alone, having heard that a feast was to be held there.
As I came close to the spot, I heard the hum of many voices, and the
dull, booming sound of the native drum, which is nothing but a large
hollow tree, of circular shape, struck by wooden mallets. Some few
people ran off as I appeared, but many of them had seen me before. The
women, about thirty in number, were sitting on the ground together, in
front of one of the houses, which enclosed an open air circular space;
in front of another house were many children and young people. In the
long narrow house which forms the general cooking and lounging room of
the men of each village, and the sleeping room of the bachelors, were
many people preparing large messes of grated yam and cocoa-nut in flat
wooden dishes. At the long oblong-shaped drum sat the performers, two
young men, each with two short sticks to perform the kettledrum part
of the business, and an older man in the centre, whose art consisted in
bringing out deep, hollow tones from his wooden instrument. Around them
stood some thirty men, two of whom I noticed especially, decked out with
red leaves, and feathers in their hair. Near this party, and close to
the long, narrow house in the end of which I stood, was a newly raised
platform of earth, supported on stones. On the corner stone were laid
six or eight pigs' jaws, with the large curling tusks left in them. This
was a sacred stone. In front of the platform were three poles, covered
with flowers, red leaves, &c.

'For about an hour and a half the men at or around the drum kept up an
almost incessant shouting, screaming and whistling, moving their legs
and arms in time, not with any wild gesticulations, but occasionally
with some little violence, the drum all the time being struck
incessantly. About the middle of the ceremony, an old, tall, thin man,
with a red handkerchief, our gift at some time, round his waist, began
ambling round the space in the middle of the houses, carrying a boar's
skull in his hand. This performance he repeated three times. Then a
man jumped up upon the platform, and, moving quickly about on it and
gesticulating wildly, delivered a short speech, after which the drum was
beat louder than ever; then came another speech from the same man; and
then the rain evidently hastening matters to a conclusion to the
whole thing, without any ceremony of consecrating the stone, as I had
expected.

'In the long room afterwards I had the opportunity of saying quietly
what I had said to those about me during the ceremony: the same story of
the love of God, especially manifested in JESUS CHRIST, to turn men from
darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God. With what
power that verse speaks to one while witnessing such an exhibition of
ignorance, or fear, or superstition as I have seen to-day! And through
it all I was constantly thinking upon the earnestness with which these
poor souls follow out a mistaken notion of religion. Such rain as fell
this morning would have kept a whole English congregation from going to
church, but they never sought shelter nor desisted from their work
in hand; and the physical effect was really great, the perspiration
streamed down their bodies, and the learning by heart all the songs
and the complicated parts of the ceremony implied a good deal of pains.
Christians do not always take so much pains to fulfil scrupulously their
duties as sometimes these heathens do. And, indeed, their bondage is
a hard one, constant suspicion and fear whenever they think at all.
Everything that is not connected with the animal part of our nature
seems to be the prey of dark and gloomy superstitions; the spiritual
part is altogether inactive as an instrument of comfort, joy, peace
and hope. You can imagine that I prayed earnestly for these poor souls,
actually performing before me their strange mysteries, and that I spoke
earnestly and strongly afterwards.

'The argument with those who would listen was: What good comes of all
this? What has the spirit you call Ikpat ever done for you? Has he
taught you to clothe yourselves, build houses, &c.? Does he offer to
make you happy? Can you tell me what single good thing has come from
these customs? But if you ask me what good thing has come to us from the
Word of God, first you had better let me tell you what has happened in
England of old, in New Zealand, Nengone, or Lifu, then I will tell you
what the Word of God teaches;--and these with the great outline of the
Faith.'

Every village in the island had the platforms, poles, and flowers; and
the next day, at a turn in the path near a village, the Mission party
suddenly came upon four sticks planted in a row, two of them bearing
things like one-eyed masks; two others, like mitres, painted red, black,
and white. As far as could be made out, they were placed there as a
sort of defiance to the inhabitants; but Mr. Patteson took down one,
and declared his intention of buying them for fish-hooks, to take to New
Zealand, that the people might see their dark and foolish customs!

Some effect had already been produced, the people declared that there
had been much less of fighting since the missionaries had spoken to them
eighteen months back, and they had given up some of the charms by which
they used to destroy each other; but there was still much carrying of
bows; and on the way home from this expedition, Mr. Patteson suddenly
came on six men with bows bent and arrows pointed in his direction. He
at once recognised a man from Veverao, the next village to the station,
and called out 'All right!' It proved that a report had come of his
being attacked or killed on the other side of the island, and that they
had set out to defend or avenge him.

He received his champions with reproof:--'This is the very thing I told
you not to do. It is all your foolish jealousy and suspicion of them.
There is not a man on the island who is not friendly to me! And if they
were not friendly, what business have you with your bows and arrows? I
tell you once more, if I see you take your bows again, though you may
do it as you think with a good intention towards me, I will not stay at
your village. If you want to help me, receive the Word of God, abandon
your senseless ceremonies. That will be helping me indeed!'

'Cannot you live at peace in this little bit of an island?' was the
constant theme of these lectures; and when Wompas, his old scholar,
appeared with bow and arrows, saying, I am sent to defend you,' the
answer was, 'Don't talk such nonsense! Give me the bow!' This was done,
and Patteson was putting it across his knee to break it, when the youth
declared it was not his. 'If I see these things again, you know what
will become of them!'

The mitres and masks were gone; but the Veverao people were desperately
jealous of the next village, Auta, alleging that the inhabitants were
unfriendly, and by every means trying to keep the guest entirely to
themselves; while he resolutely forced on their reluctant ears, 'If
you are sincere in saying that you wish to know God, you must love your
brother. God will not dwell in a divided heart, nor teach you His truth
while you wilfully continue to hate your brother!'

The St. Barnabas Day on which most of this was written was a notable
one, for it was marked by the first administration of both the
Sacraments in Mota. In the morning one English and four Nengonese
communicants knelt round their pastor; and, in the evening, after a
walk to Auta, and much of this preaching of peace and goodwill, then a
dinner, which was made festive with preserved meat and wine, there came
a message from one Ivepapeu, a leading man, whose child was sick. It was
evidently dying, and Mr. Patteson, in the midst of the people, told them
that--

'The Son of God had commanded us to teach and baptize all nations; that
they did not understand the meaning of what he was about to do, but that
the word of JESUS the Son of God was plain, and that he must obey it;
that this was not a mere form, but a real gift from heaven, not for the
body but the soul; that the child would be as likely to die as before,
but that its spirit would be taken to God, and if it should recover, it
must be set apart for God, not taken to any heathen rites, but given
to himself to be trained up as a child of God.' The parents consented:
'Then,' he continues, 'we knelt, and in the middle of the village, the
naked group around me, the dying child in its mother's lap, I prayed to
God and Christ in their language to bless the child according to His
own promise, to receive it for His own child, and to convey to it the
fulness of the blessing of His holy Sacrament. Then while all were
silent, I poured the water on its head, pronouncing the form of words
in English, and calling the child John, the first Christian child in the
Banks Islands. Then I knelt down again and praised God for His goodness,
and prayed that the child might live, if it were His good pleasure, and
be educated to His glory; and then I prayed for those around me and for
the people of the island, that God would reveal to them His Holy Name
and Word and Will; and so, with a few words to the parents and people,
left them, as darkness settled down on the village and the bright stars
came out overhead.'

The innocent first-fruits of Mota died three days later, and Mr.
Patteson found a great howling and wailing going on over its little
grave under a long low house. This was hushed when he came up, and spoke
of the Resurrection, and described the babe's soul dwelling in peace in
the Kingdom of the Father, where those would join it who would believe
and repent, cast away their evil practices, and be baptized to live
as children of God. Kneeling down, he prayed over it, thanking God
for having taken it to Himself, and interceding for all around. They
listened and seemed touched; no opposition was ever offered to him,
but he found that there was much fighting and quarrelling, many of the
villages at war with each other, and a great deal too much use of the
bow and arrow, though the whole race was free from cannibalism. They
seemed to want to halt between two opinions: to keep up their orgies on
the one hand, and to make much of the white teacher on the other; and
when we recollect that two unarmed Englishmen, and twelve blacks
from other islands, were perfectly isolated in the midst of a heathen
population, having refused protection from a British man-of-war, it
gives a grandeur to the following narrative:--

'June 7th.--One of their chief men has just been with two bread-fruit as
a present. I detected him as a leader of one of their chief ceremonies
yesterday, and I have just told him plainly that I cannot accept
anything from him, neither can I suffer him to be coming to my place
while it is notorious that he is teaching the children the very things
they ought not to learn, and that he is strongly supporting the old
false system, while he professes to be listening attentively to the Word
of God. I made him take up his two bread-fruit and carry them away; and
I suppose it will be the story all over the village that I have driven
him away.

'"By-and-by we will listen to the Word of God, when we have finished
these ceremonies."

'"Yes, you hearken first to the voice of the evil spirit; you choose him
firsthand then you will care to hear about God.'"

The ceremony was to last twenty days, and only affected the lads, who
were blackened all over with soot, and apparently presented pigs to the
old priest, and were afterwards admitted to the privileges of eating and
sleeping in the separate building, which formed a kind of club-house for
the men of each village, and on which Mr. Patteson could always reckon
as both a lecture room and sleeping place.

The people kept on saying that 'by-and-by' they would make an end of
their wild ritual, and throw down their enclosures, and at the same time
they thronged to talk to him at the Mission station, and built a shed to
serve for a school at Auta.

Meantime the little estate was brought into order. A pleasant day of
landscape-gardening was devoted to clearing gaps to let in the lovely
views from the station; and a piece of ground was dug and planted with
pine-apples, vines, oranges, and cotton, also a choicer species of
banana than the indigenous one. Bread-fruit was so plentiful that
breakfast was provided by sending a boy up a tree to bring down four or
five fruits, which were laid in the ashes, and cooked at once; and as to
banana leaves 'we think nothing of cutting one down, four feet long and
twenty inches wide, of a bright pale green, just to wrap up a cooked yam
or two.'

The first week in July, with Wadrokala, Mark, and two Malanta men,
Mr. Patteson set forth in the boat that had been left with him, for an
expedition among the other islands, beginning with Saddle Island, or
Valua, which was the proper name.

The day after leaving Eowa, the weather changed; and as on these
perilous coasts there was no possibility of landing, two days and the
intervening night had to be spent in the open four-oared boat, riding to
a grapnel!

Very glad they were to get into Port Patteson, and to land in the wet,
'as it can rain in the tropics.' The nearest village, however, was
empty, everybody being gone to the burial wake of the wife of a chief,
and there was no fire to cook the yams, everything dreary and deserted,
but a short walk brought the wet and tired party to the next village,
where they were made welcome to the common house; and after, supping
on yams and chocolate, spent a good night, and found the sea smooth the
next day for a return to head-quarters.

These first weeks at Mota were very happy, but after that the strain
began to tell. Mr. Patteson had been worn with anxiety for his father,
and no doubt with awe in the contemplation of his coming Episcopate,
and was not in a strong state of health when he left Kohimarama, and the
lack of animal food, the too sparing supply of wine, and the bare board
bed told upon him. On the 24th of July he wrote in a letter to his Uncle
Edward:--


'I have lost six days: a small tumour formed inside the ear about two
inches from the outer ear, and the pain has been very considerable,
and the annoyance great. Last night I slept for the first time for five
nights, and I have been so weary with sleeplessness that I have been
quite idle. The mischief is passing away now. That ear is quite deaf;
it made me think so of dear Father and Joan with their constant trial. I
don't see any results from our residence here; and why should I look for
them? It is enough that the people are hearing, some of them talking,
and a few thinking about what they hear. All in God's own time!'

Mr. Dudley adds: 'His chief trouble at this time was with one of his
ears. The swelling far in not only made him deaf while it lasted, but
gave him intense and protracted agony. More than once he had to spend
the whole night in walking up and down the room. But only on one
occasion during the whole time do I remember his losing his patience,
and that was when we had been subjected to an unusually protracted
visitation from the "loafers" of the village, who would stretch
themselves at full length on the floor and table, if we would let
them, and altogether conduct themselves in such a manner as to call for
summary treatment, very different from the more promising section. The
half jocular but very decided manner in which he cleared the house on
this occasion, and made them understand that they were to respect our
privacy sometimes, and not make the Mission station an idling place, was
very satisfactory. It was no small aggravation of the pain to feel that
this might be the beginning of permanent deafness, such as would
be fatal to his usefulness in a work in which accuracy of ear was
essential.'

However, this gradually improved; and another boat voyage was made,
but again was frustrated by the torrents of rain. In fact, it was an
unusually wet and unwholesome season, which told upon everyone. Mark
Chakham, the Nengonese, was brought very near the grave by a severe
attack of dysentery. All the stores of coffee, chocolate, wine and
biscuit were used up. The 'Southern Cross' had been due full a month,
and nothing was heard of her through the whole of September.

Teaching and conversation went on all this time, trying as it was;
and the people still came to hear, though no one actually undertook to
forsake his idols.

'I am still hopeful about these people,' is the entry on September 18,
'though all their old customs and superstitions go on just as before.
But (1) they know that a better teaching has been presented to them. (2)
They do not pursue their old habits with the same unthinking-security.
(3) There are signs of a certain uneasiness of mind, as if a struggle
was beginning in them. (4) They have a vague consciousness, some of
them, that the power is passing away from their witchcrafts, sorceries,
&c., by which unquestionably they did and still do work strange effects
on the credulous people, like 'Pharaoh's magicians of old.'

This was ground gained; and one or two voyages to Vanua Lava and
the other isles were preparatory steps, and much experience had been
acquired, and resulted in this:--

'The feasibility of the Bishop's old scheme is more and more apparent
to me. Only I think that in taking away natives to the summer school, it
must be understood that some (and they few) are taken from new islands
merely to teach us some of their languages and to frank us, so that we
may have access in safety to their islands. Should any of them turn out
well, so much the better; but it will not be well to take them with the
expectation of their becoming teachers to their people. But the other
section of the school will consist of young men whose behaviour we have
watched during the winter in their own homes, whose professions we have
had an opportunity of testing--they may be treated as young men on the
way to become teachers eventually to their countrymen. One learns much
from living among a heathen people, and only by living in our pupils'
homes shall we ever know their real characters. Poor fellows! they
are adepts in all kinds of deceitfulness at a very early age, and so
completely in our power on board the schooner and at Kohimarama, that we
know nothing of them as they are.'

The very paper this is copied from shows how the stores were failing,
for the full quarto sheets have all failed, and the journal is continued
on note paper.

Not till October 1 was Mr. Patteson's watch by a poor dying woman
interrupted by tidings that a ship was in sight. And soon it was too
plain that she was not the 'Southern Cross,' though, happily, neither
trader nor French Mission ship. In a short time there came ashore
satisfactory letters from home, but with them the tidings that the
little 'Southern Cross' lay in many fathoms water on the New Zealand
coast!

On her return, on the night of the 17th of June, just as New Zealand
itself was reached, there was a heavy gale from the north-east. A
dangerous shoal of rocks, called the Hen and Chickens, stands out from
the head of Ngunguru Bay; and, in the darkness and mist, it was supposed
that these were safely passed, when the ship struck on the eastern
Chicken, happily on a spot somewhat sheltered from the violence of the
breakers. The two passengers and the crew took refuge in the rigging all
night; and in the morning contrived to get a line to land, on which
all were safely drawn through the surf, and were kindly received by the
nearest English settlers.

So, after five years' good service, ended the career of the good
'Southern Cross' the first. She had gone down upon sand, and much of
the wreck might have been recovered and made useful again had labour not
been scarce at that time in New Zealand that the Bishop could find no
one to undertake the work, and all he could do was to charter another
vessel to be despatched to bring home the party from Mota. Nor
were vessels fit for the purpose easy to find, and the schooner
'Zillah'--welcome as was the sight of her--proved a miserable substitute
even in mere nautical capabilities, and her internal arrangements were
of course entirely inappropriate to the peculiar wants of the Mission.

This was the more unfortunate because the very day after her arrival Mr.
Dudley was prostrated by something of a sunstroke. Martin Tehele was
ill already, and rapidly became worse; and Wadrokala and Harper Malo
sickened immediately, nor was the former patient recovered. Mr. Dudley,
Wadrokala and Harper were for many days in imminent danger, and
were scarcely dragged through by the help of six bottles of wine,
providentially sent by the Bishop. Mr. Dudley says:--

'During the voyage Mr. Patteson's powers of nursing were severely tried.
Poor Martin passed away before we arrived at Nengone, and was committed
to the deep. Before he died he was completely softened by Mr. Patteson's
loving care, and asked pardon for all the trouble he had given and the
fretfulness he had shown. Poor fellow! I well remember how he gasped out
the Lord's Prayer after Mr. Patteson a few minutes before he died. We
all who had crawled up round his bed joining in with them.

'Oh, what a long dreary time that was! Light baffling winds continually,
and we in a vessel as different from the "Southern Cross" as possible,
absolutely guiltless, I should think, of having ever made two miles an
hour to windward "in a wind." The one thing that stands out as having
relieved its dreariness is the presence of Mr. Patteson, the visits he
used to pay to us, and the exquisite pathos of his voice as, from the
corner of the hold where we lay, we could hear him reading the Morning
and Evening Prayers of the Church and leading the hymn. These prevented
these long weary wakeful days and nights from being absolutely
insupportable.'

At last Nengone was reached, and Wadrokala and Harper were there set
ashore, better, but very weak. Here the tidings were known that in Lifu
John Cho had lost his wife Margaret, and had married the widow of
a Karotongan teacher, a very suitable match, but too speedy to be
according to European ideas; and on November 26 the 'Zillah' was off the
Three Kings, New Zealand.


'Monday: Nov. 26, 1860. '"Zillah" Schooner, off the Three Kings, N. of
New Zealand.

'You know pretty well that Kohimarama is a small bay, about one-third
of a mile along the sea frontage, two-and-a-half miles due east of
Auckland, and just opposite the entrance into the harbour, between the
North Head and Eangitoto. The beach is composed entirely of the shells
of "pipi" (small cockles); always, therefore, dry and pleasant to walk
upon. A fence runs along the whole length of it. At the eastern end
of it, a short distance inside this N. (= sea) fence, are the three
cottages of the master and mate and Fletcher. Sam Fletcher is a
man-of-war's man, age about thirty-eight, who has been with us some four
years and a half. He has all the habits of order and cleanliness that
his life as coxswain of the captain's gig taught him; he is a very
valuable fellow. He is our extra man at sea.

'Each of these cottages has its garden, and all three men are married,
but only the master (Grange) has any family, one married daughter.

'Then going westward comes a nine-acre paddock, and then a dividing
fence, inside (i.e. to W.) of which stand our buildings.

'Now our life here is hard to represent. It is not like the life of an
ordinary schoolmaster, still less like that of an ordinary clergyman.
Much of the domestic and cooking department I may manage, of course,
to superintend. I would much rather do this than have the nuisance of a
paid servant.

'So at 5 A.M., say, I turn out; I at once go to the kitchen, and set the
two cooks of the week to work, light fire, put on yams or potatoes, then
back to dress, read, &c.; in and out all the time, of the kitchen till
breakfast time: say 8 or 8.30. You would be surprised to see how very
soon the lads will do it all by themselves, and leave me or Mr. Kerr to
give all our attention to school and other matters.

'So you can fancy, Joan, now, the manner of life. My little room with my
books is my snuggery during the middle of the day, and at night I have
also a large working table at one end of the big school-room, covered
with books, papers, &c., and here I sit a good deal, my room being
too small to hold the number of books that I require to have open for
comparison of languages, and for working out grammatical puzzles. Then
I am in and out of the kitchen and store-room, and boys' rooms, seeing
that all things, clothes, blankets, floors, &c., are washed and kept
clean, and doing much what is done in every house.'

Snuggery no doubt it looked compared with the 'Zillah;' but what would
the 'Eton fellow' of fifteen years back have thought of the bare,
scantily furnished room, with nothing but the books, prints, and
photographs around to recall the tastes of old, and generally a sick
Melanesian on the floor? However, he was glad enough to return thither,
though with only sixteen scholars from ten places. Among them was
Taroniara from Bauro, who was to be his follower, faithful to death. The
following addition was made to the letter to Mr. Edward Coleridge, begun
in Banks Islands:--


'Kohimarama: Dec. 1, 1860.

'One line, my dear tutor, before I finish off my pile of hastily written
letters for this mail.

'Alas! alas! for the little schooner, that dear little vessel, our home
for so many months of each year, so admirably qualified for her work.
Whether she may be got off her sandy bed, no one can say. Great expense
would certainly be incurred, and the risk of success great also.

'I have not yet had time to talk to the Bishop, I only reached New
Zealand on November 28. We cannot, however, well do our work in
chartered vessels [then follows a full detail of the imperfections of
the 'Zillah' and all other Australian merchant craft; then--But, dear
old tutor, even the "Southern Cross" (though what would I give to
see her now at her usual anchorage from the window at which I am now
sitting!) for a time retires into the distance, as I think of what is to
take place (D.V.) in January next.

'I hoped that I had persuaded the Bishop that the meeting of the General
Synod in February 1862 would be a fit time. I do not see that the Duke's
despatch makes any difference in the choice of the time. But all was
settled in my absence; and now at the Feast of the Epiphany or of
the Conversion of St. Paul (as suits the convenience of the Southern
Bishops) the Consecration is to take place. I am heartily glad that the
principle of consecrating Missionary Bishops will be thus affirmed and
acted upon; but oh! if some one else was to be the Bishop!

'And yet I must not distrust God's grace, and the gift of the Holy
Spirit to enable me for this work. I try and pray to be calm and
resigned, and I am happy and cheerful.

'And it is a blessed thing that now three of your old dear friends, once
called Selwyn, Abraham, Hobhouse should be consecrating your own nephew
and pupil, gathered by God's providence into the same part of God's
field at the ends of the earth.'


Still with his heart full of the never-forgotten influence of his
mother, he thus begins his home letter of the same date:--


'Kohimarama: Dec. 1.

'My dearest Father,--I could not write on November 28, but the memory of
that day in 1842 was with me from morning to night. We anchored on that
day at 1 A.M., and I was very busy till late at night. I had no idea
till I came back from the Islands that there was any change in the
arrangements for the consecration in February 1862. But now the Bishops
of Wellington and Nelson have been summoned for the Feast of the
Epiphany, or of the conversion of St. Paul, and all was done in
my absence. I see, too, that you in England have assumed that the
consecration will take place soon after the reception of the Duke's
despatch.

'I must not now shrink from it, I know. I have full confidence in
your judgment, and in that of the Bishop; and I suppose that if I was
speaking of another, I should say that I saw reasons for it. But depend
upon it, my dear Father, that a man cannot communicate to another the
whole of the grounds upon which he feels reluctant to accept an office.
I believe that I ought to accept this in deference to you all, and I do
so cheerfully, but I don't, say that my judgment agrees wholly with you
all.

'And yet there is no one else; and if the separation of New Zealand and
Melanesia is necessary, I see that this must be the consequence. So I
regard it now as a certainty. I pray God to strengthen and enable me: I
look forward, thanks to Him, hopefully and cheerfully. I have the love
and the prayers of many, many friends, and soon the whole Church of
England will recognise me as one who stands in special need of grace and
strength from above.

'Oh! the awful power of heathenism! the antagonism, not of evil only,
but of the Evil One, rather, I mean the reality felt of all evil
emanating from a person, as St. Paul writes, and as our Lord spoke of
him. I do indeed at times feel overwhelmed, as if I was in a dream. Then
comes some blessed word or thought of comfort, and promised strength and
grace.

'But enough of this.

'The "Southern Cross" cannot, I think, be got off without great certain
expense and probable risk. I think we shall have to buy another vessel,
and I dare say she may be built at home, but I don't know what is the
Bishop's mind about it....

'I shall write to Merton, I don't know why I should needs vacate my
fellowship. I have no change of outward circumstances brought upon me
by my change presently from the name of Presbyter to Bishop, and we want
all the money.

'What you say about a Missionary Bishop being for five months of the
year within the diocese of another Bishop, I will talk over with the
Bishop of New Zealand. I think our Synodical system will make that
all right; and as for my work, it will be precisely the same in all
respects, my external life altered only to the extent of my wearing a
broader brimmed and lower crowned hat. Dear Joan is investing moneys in
cutaway coats, buckles without end, and no doubt knee-breeches and what
she calls "gambroons" (whereof I have no cognizance), none of which will
be worn more than (say) four or five times in the year. Gambroons and
aprons and lawn sleeves won't go a-voyaging, depend upon it. Just when
I preach in some Auckland church I shall appear in full costume; but the
buckles will grow very rusty indeed!

'How kind and good of her to take all the trouble, I don't laugh
at that, and at her dear love for me and anxiety that I should have
everything; but I could not help having a joke about gambroons, whatever
they are....

'Good-bye once more, my dearest Father. You will, I trust, receive
this budget about the time of your birthday. How I think of you day and
night, and how I thank you for all your love, and perhaps most of all,
not only letting me come to Melanesia, but for your great love in never
calling me away from my work even to see your face once more on earth.

'Your loving and dutiful son,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Remark upon a high-minded letter is generally an impertinence both to
the writer and the reader, but I cannot help pausing upon the foregoing,
to note the force of the expression that thanks the father for the love
that did not recall the son. What a different notion these two men had
of love from that which merely seeks self-gratification! Observe,
too, how the old self-contemplative, self-tormenting spirit, that was
unhappiness in those days of growth and heart-searching at the first
entrance into the ministry, had passed into humble obedience and trust.
Looking back to the correspondence of ten years ago, volumes of progress
are implied in the quiet 'Enough of this.'

There were, however, some delays in bringing the three together, and on
the New Year's Day of 1861, the designate writes to Bishop Abraham:
'I dare say the want of any positive certainty as to the time of the
Consecration is a good discipline for me. I think I feel calm now; but
I know I must not trust feelings, and when I think of those islands and
the practical difficulty of getting at them, and the need of so many of
those qualities which are so wonderfully united in our dear Primate,
I need strength from above indeed to keep my heart from sinking. But I
think that I do long and desire to work on by God's grace, and not to
look to results at all.'

A 'supplementary mail' made possible a birthday letter (the last)
written at 6 A.M. on the 11th of February: 'I wanted of course to write
to you to-day. Many happy returns of it I wish you indeed, for it may
yet please God to prolong your life; but in any case you know well how
I am thinking and praying for you that every blessing and comfort may
be given you. Oh I how I do think of you night and day. When Mrs. Selwyn
said "Good-bye," and spoke of you, I could not stand it. I feel that
anything else (as I fancy) I can speak of with composure; but the verses
in the Bible, such as the passage which I read yesterday in St. Mark x.,
almost unnerve me, and I can't wish it to be otherwise. But I feel that
my place is here, and that I must look to the blessed hope of meeting
again hereafter....

'Of course no treat is so great to me as the occasional talks with the
Bishop. Oh! the memory of those days and evenings on board the "Southern
Cross." Well, it was so happy a life that it was not good for me,
I suppose, that it should last. But I feel it now that the sense of
responsibility is deepening on me, and I must go out to work without
him; and very, very anxious I am sometimes, and almost oppressed by it.

'But strength will come; and it is not one's own work, which is the
comfort, and if I fail (which is very likely) God will place some other
man in my position, and the work will go on, whether in my hands or not,
and that is the real point.

'Some talk I find there has been about my going home. I did not hear
of it until after Mrs. Selwyn had sailed. It was thought of, but it was
felt, as I certainly feel, that it ought not to be.... My work lies
out here clearly; and it is true that any intermission of voyages or
residences in the islands is to be avoided.'

Mrs. Selwyn had gone home for a year, and had so arranged as to see the
Patteson family almost immediately on her return. Meantime the day drew
on. The Consecration was not by Royal mandate, as in the case of Bishops
of sees under British jurisdiction; but the Duke of Newcastle, then
Colonial Secretary, wrote:--'That the Bishops of New Zealand are at
liberty, without invasion of the Royal prerogative or infringement of
the law of England, to exercise what Bishop Selwyn describes as their
inherent power of consecrating Mr. Patteson or any other person to take
charge of the Melanesian Islands, provided that the consecration should
take place beyond British territory.'

In consequence it was proposed that the three consecrating Bishops
should take ship and perform the holy rite in one of the isles beneath
the open sky; but as Bishop Mackenzie had been legally consecrated in
Cape Town Cathedral, the Attorney-General of New Zealand gave it as his
opinion that there was no reason that the consecration should not take
place in Auckland.


'Kohimarama: Feb. 15, 1861.

'My dearest Father,--Mr. Kerr, who has just returned from Auckland,
where he spent yesterday, brings me the news that the question of the
Consecration has been settled, and that it will take place (D.V.) on
Sunday week, St. Matthias Day, February 24.

'I ought not to shrink back now. The thought has become familiar to me,
and I have the greatest confidence in the judgment of the Bishop of New
Zealand; and I need not say how your words and letters and prayers too
are helping me now.

'Indeed, though at any great crisis of our lives no doubt we are
intended to use more than ordinary strictness in examining our motives
and in seeking for greater grace, deeper repentance, more earnest and
entire devotion to God, and amendment of life, yet I know that any
strong-emotion, if it existed now, would pass away soon, and that I must
be the same man as Bishop as I am now, in this sense, viz., that I shall
have just the same faults, unless I pray for strength to destroy them,
which I can do equally well now, and that all my characteristic and
peculiar habits of mind will remain unchanged by what will only change
my office and not myself. So that where I am indolent now I shall be
indolent henceforth, unless I seek to get rid of indolence; and I shall
not be at all better, wiser, or more consistent as Bishop than I am now
by reason simply of being a Bishop.

'You know my meaning. Now I apply what I write to prove that any strong
excitement now would be no evidence of a healthy state of mind. I feel
now like myself, and that is not at all like what I wish to be. And so
I thank God that as before any solemn season special inducements to
earnest repentance are put into our minds, so I now feel a special call
upon me to seek by His grace to make a more faithful use of the means of
usefulness which He gives me, that I may be wholly and entirely turned
to Him, and so be enabled to do His will in Melanesia. You know, my
dearest Father, that I do not indeed undervalue the grace of Ordination;
only I mean that the right use of any great event in one's life, as I
take it, is not to concentrate feeling so much on it as earnestness of
purpose, prayer for grace, and for increase of simplicity and honesty
and purity of heart. Perhaps other matters affect me more than my
supposed state of feeling, so that my present calmness may be attributed
to circumstances of which I am partially ignorant; and, indeed, I do
wonder that I am calm when one moment's look at the map, or thought of
the countless islands, almost overwhelms me. How to get at them? Where
to begin? How to find men and means? How to decide upon the best method
of teaching, &c.? But I must try to be patient, and to be content with
very small beginnings--and endings, too, perhaps.


'Sunday, Feb. 24, St. Matthias, 10 A.M.--The day is come, my dearest
Father, and finds me, I thank God, very calm. Yesterday, at 6 P.M., in
the little chapel at Taurama, the three Bishops, the dear Judge, Lady
Martin, Mrs. Abraham, Mr. Lloyd and I met together for special prayer.
How we missed Mrs. Selwyn, dear dear Mrs. Selwyn, from among us, and how
my thoughts passed on to you! Evening hymn, Exhortation in Consecration
Service, Litany from the St. Augustine's Missionary Manual, with the
questions in Consecration Service turned into petitions, Psalm cxxxii.,
cxxxi., li.; Lesson i Tim. iii.; special prayer for the Elect Bishop
among the heathen, for the conversion of the heathen; and the Gloria in
Excelsis.

'Then the dear Bishop walked across to me, and taking my hand in both
of his, looking at me with that smile of love and deep deep thought, so
seldom seen, and so deeply prized. "I can't tell you what I feel," he
said, with a low and broken voice. "You know it--my heart is too full! "

'Ah! the memory of six years with that great and noble servant of God
was in my heart too, and so we stood, tears in our eyes, and I unable to
speak.

'At night again, when, after arranging finally the service, I was left
with him alone, he spoke calmly and hopefully. Much he said of you, and
we are all thinking much of you. Then he said: "I feel no misgiving in
my heart; I think all has been done as it should be. Many days we three
have discussed the matter. By prayer and Holy Communion we have sought
light from above, and it is, I believe, God's will." Then once more
taking both hands, he kissed my forehead: "God bless you, my dear Coley.
I can't say more words, and you don't desiderate them."

'"No," said I; "my heart, as yours, is too full for words. I have lived
six years with you to little purpose, if I do not know you full well
now!"

'And then I walked, in the perfect peace of a still cloudless night--the
moon within two days of full--the quarter of a mile to St. Stephen's
schools, where I slept last night. On the way I met the Bishop of
Wellington and Mrs. Abraham, coming up from St. Stephen's to the
Bishop's house.

J. C. P.--What a night of peace! the harbour like a silver mirror!

'B. of W.--Dominus tecum.

'Mrs. A.--I trust you will sleep.

'J. C. P.--I thank you; I think so. I feel calm.


'Sunday Night, 10 P.M. (Feniton, Sunday, 10.40 A.M.)--It is over--a most
solemn blessed service. Glorious day. Church crowded--many not able to
find admittance; but orderly. More than two hundred communicants. More
to-morrow (D.V.). All day you have been in our minds. The Bishop spoke
of you in his sermon with faltering voice, and I broke down; yet at the
moment of the Veni Creator being sung over me, and the Imposition of
Hands, I was very calm. The Bible presented is the same that you gave
me on my fifth birthday with your love and blessing. Oh! my dear dear
Father, God will bless you for all your love to me, and your love to Him
in giving me to His service. May His heavenly blessing be with you--all
your dear ones for ever!

'Your most loving and dutiful Son,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.


'February 25th.--I am spending to-day and to-morrow here--i.e., sleeping
at the Judge's, dining and living half at his house, and half at the
Bishop's--quiet and calm it is, and I prize it. The music yesterday was
very good; organ well played. The choirs of the three town churches,
and many of the choral society people, filled the gallery--some eighty
voices perhaps. The Veni Creator the only part that was not good, well
sung, but too much like an anthem.

'Tagalana, half-sitting, half-kneeling behind me, held the book for the
Primate to read from at the Imposition of Hands--a striking group, I am
told.'


Here ends the letter, to which a little must be added from other
pens; and, first, from Mrs. Abraham's letter for the benefit of Eton
friends:--


'The Consecration was at St. Paul's Church, in default of a Cathedral.
Built before the Bishop arrived, St. Paul's has no chancel: and the
Clergy, including a Maori Deacon, were rather crowded within the rail.
Mr. Patteson was seated in a chair in front, ten of his island boys
close to him, and several working men of the rougher sort were brought
into the benches near. We were rather glad of the teaching that none
were excluded. The service was all in harmony with the occasion; and the
sermon gave expression to all the individual and concentrated feeling of
the moment, as well as pointing the Lesson and its teaching.

'The sermon was on the thought of the Festival: "And they prayed, and
said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, show whether of
these two Thou hast chosen." (Acts i. 24.) After speaking of the special
import and need of the prayers of those gathered to offer up their
prayers at the Holy Communion, for those who were to exercise the office
of apostles in their choice, he spoke in words that visibly almost
overpowered their subject:--

'"In this work of God, belonging to all eternity, and to the Holy
Catholic Church, are we influenced by any private feelings, any personal
regard? The charge which St. Paul gives to Timothy, in words of awful
solemnity, 'to lay hands suddenly on no man,' may well cause much
searching of heart. 'I charge thee before God, and the Lord Jesus
Christ, and the elect angels, that thou observe these things, without
preferring one before another, doing nothing by partiality.' Does our
own partial love deceive us in this choice? We were all trained in
the same place of education, united in the same circle of friends; in
boyhood, youth, manhood, we have shared the same services, and joys,
and hopes, and fears. I received this, my son in the ministry of Christ
Jesus, from the hands of a father, of whose old age he was the
comfort. He sent him forth without a murmur, nay, rather with joy and
thankfulness, to these distant parts of the earth. He never asked even
to see him again, but gave him up without reserve to the Lord's work.
Pray, dear brethren, for your Bishops, that our partial love may not
deceive us in this choice, for we cannot so strive against natural
affection as to be quite impartial."

'And again, as the Primate, addressing more especially his beloved son
in the ministry, exclaimed, "May Christ be with you when you go forth in
His name, and for His sake, to those poor and needy people," and his eye
went along the dusky countenances of his ten boys, Coleridge Patteson
could hardly restrain his intensity of feeling.'

Another letter from the same lady to the sisters adds further details to
the scene, after describing the figures in the church:--

'Lady Martin, who had never seen the dress (the cassock and rochet)
before, said that Coley reminded her of the figures of some young knight
watching his armour, as he stood in his calm stedfastness, and answered
the questions put to him by the Primate.

'The whole service was very nicely ordered, and the special Psalm well
chanted. With one exception (which was, alas! the Veni Creator), the
music was good, and Coley says was a special help to him; the pleasure
of it, and the external hold that it gave, helping him out of himself,
as it were, and sustaining him.'

Lady Martin adds her touch to the picture; and it may perhaps be
recorded for those who may in after times read the history of the first
Bishop of the Melanesian Church, that whatever might be wanting in
the beauty of St. Paul's, Auckland, never were there three Bishops who
outwardly as well as inwardly more answered to the dignity of their
office than the three who stood over the kneeling Coleridge Patteson.

'I shall never forget the expression of his face as he knelt in the
quaint rochet. It was meek and holy and calm, as though all conflict
was over and he was resting in the Divine strength. It was altogether a
wonderful scene: the three consecrating Bishops, all such noble-looking
men, the goodly company of clergy and Hohua's fine intelligent brown
face among them, and then the long line of island boys, and of St.
Stephen's native teachers and their wives, were living testimonies of
Mission work. Coley had told us in the morning of a consecration he had
seen at Rome, where a young Greek deacon had held a large illuminated
book for the Pope to read the words of Consecration. We had no such
gorgeous dresses as they, but nothing could have been more simply
beautiful and touching than the sight of Tagalana's young face as he did
the same good office. There was nothing artistic about it; the boy came
forward with a wondering yet bright look on his pleasant face, just
dressed in his simple grey blouse.

'You will read the sermon, so there is no need to talk about it. Your
brother was overcome for a minute at the reference to his father, but
the comfort and favour of His Heavenly Master kept him singularly calm,
though the week before he had undoubtedly had much struggle, and his
bodily health was affected.'

All the friends who were thus brought together were like one family,
and still called the new Bishop by the never disused abbreviation that
recalled his home. He was the guest of the now retired Chief Justice and
Lady Martin, who were occupying themselves in a manner probably unique
in the history of law and lawyers, by taking charge of the native school
at St. Stephen's.

The next two were great days of letter writing. Another long full letter
was written to the father, telling of the additional record which
each of the three consecrating Bishops had written in the Bible of his
childhood, and then going into business matters, especially hoping that
the Warden and Fellows of Merton would not suppose that as a Bishop he
necessarily had £5,000 a year and a palace, whereas in fact the see
had no more than the capital of £5,000 required by Government! He had
already agreed with his father that his own share of the inheritance
should go to the Mission; and, as he says, on hearing the amount:--

'Hard enough you worked, my dear Father, to leave your children so well
off. Dear old Jem will have enough; and my children now dwell in 200
islands, and will need all that I can give them. God grant that the day
may come when many of them may understand these things, and rise up and
call your memory blessed!

'Your words of comfort and blessing come to me with fresh strength just
now, two days only after the time when you too, had you been here, would
in private have laid your hand on my head and called down God's blessing
upon me. I shall never know in this world what I owe to your prayers.'

There is much, too, of his brother's marriage; and in a separate letter
to the sisters there are individual acknowledgments of each article of
the equipment, gratifying the donor by informing her that the 'cutaway'
coat was actually to be worn that very evening at a dinner party at the
Chief Justice's, and admiring the 'gambroon,' which turned out to be the
material of the cassock, so much as to wish for a coat made of it for
the islands. Apropos of the hat:-- 'You know my forehead is square, so
that an oval hat does not fit; it would hang on by the temples, which
form a kind of right angle with the forehead.'

Another letter of that 26th was from the Bishop of Wellington to Dr.
Goodford respecting this much-loved old pupil:--

'Anything more conscientious and painstaking cannot be conceived than
the way he has steadily directed every talent, every hour or minute
of his life, to the one work he had set before him. However small
or uncongenial or drumdrudgery-like his occupation, however hard, or
dangerous, or difficult, it seemed to be always met in the same calm,
gentle, self-possessed spirit of love and duty, which I should fancy
that those who well knew his good and large-minded, large-hearted
father, and his mother, whom I have always heard spoken of as saintly,
could best understand. Perhaps the most marked feature in his character
is his genuine simplicity and humility. I never saw it equalled in one
so gifted and so honoured and beloved.

'It is really creditable to the community to see how universal is the
admiration for his character, for he is so very good, so exceedingly
unworldly, and therefore such a living rebuke to the selfishness of the
world; and though so gentle, yet so firm and uncompromising that you
would have supposed he would hardly be popular outside the circle
of friends who know him and understand him. Certainly he is the most
perfect character I ever met.'

The last day of February was that of the Installation.

Again Mrs. Abraham must speak:--

'On Thursday last we had another happy day at Kohimarama, where Bishop
Patteson was duly installed in the temporary chapel of St. Andrew's
College, as we hope to call it, after the church at Cocksmoor, in "The
Daisy Chain." The morning was grey, and we feared rain would keep our
ladies away, but we made the venture with our willing squire, Mr. M----,
in the "Iris" boat to help us. The pity was, that after all Lady Martin
could not go, as she had an invalid among her Maori flock, whom she
could not trust all day by herself. The day lightened, and our sail was
pleasant.

'The Primate and Missionary Bishop planted a Norfolk pine in the centre
of the quadrangle--"the tree planted by the water side," &c. The Bishop
then robed and proceeded to chapel, and the Primate led the little
service in which he spoke the words of installation, and the mew Bishop
took the oath of allegiance to him. The Veni Creator was sung, and the
Primate's blessing-given. The island boys looked on from one transept,
the "Iris" sailors from another, and Charlie stood beside me. I am
afraid his chief remembrance of the day is fixed upon Kanambat's tiny
boat and outrigger, which he sat in on the beach, and went on voyages,
in which the owner waded by his side, and saw him (Kanambat) skim along
the waves like a white butterfly. We all dined in hall, after the boys,
on roast beef and plum pudding, melons and water melons, and strolled
about the place and beach at leisure, till it was time to sail back
again.'

On the Sunday the new Bishop preached at St. Mary's one of the sermons
that broke from him when he was too much excited (if the word may be
used) for his usual metaphysical style. The subject was the promise
of the Comforter, His eternal presence and anointing, and the need of
intercessory prayer, for which the preacher besought earnestly, as one
too young for his office, and needing to increase in the Holy Spirit
more and more. Very far were these from being unrealised words. God's
grace had gone along with him, and had led him through every step and
stage of his life, and so mastered his natural defects, that friends who
only knew him in these years hear with incredulous indignation of those
flaws he had conquered in his younger days. 'Fearless as a man, tender
as a woman, showing both the best sides of human nature,' says one of
the New Zealand friends who knew him best; 'always drawing out the good
in all about him by force of sympathy, and not only taking care that
nothing should be done by others that he would not do himself, but doing
himself what he did not like to ask of them, and thinking that they
excelled him.' Humility, the effort of his life, was achieved at last
the more truly because not consciously.

The letter to his father was again almost wholly on money matters; but
at the end come two notable sentences:--

'How can I thank you for giving me up to this work, and for all the wise
and loving words with which you constantly cheer me and encourage me?
Your blessing comes now to strengthen me, as work and responsibilities
are fast accumulating upon me. I thank God that He enables us at the
two ends of the world to see this matter in the same way, so that no
conflict of duties arises in my mind.

'This book, "Essays and Reviews," I have, but pray send your copy also;
also any good books that may be produced bearing on that great question
of the Atonement, and on Inspiration, Authority of Scripture, &c. How
sad it is to see that spirit of intellectualism thinking to deal with
religion in forgetfulness of the necessary conditions of humility and
faith! How different from the true gnosis!'


'Kohimarama: April 29, 1861.

'My dearest Father,--As I read your letters of Feb. 21-25, you are, I
trust, reading mine which tell you of what took place on Feb. 24. That
point is settled. I almost fear to write that I am a Bishop in the
Church of Christ. May God strengthen me for the duties of the office to
which I trust He has indeed called me!

'As I read of what you say so wisely and truly, and dear Joan and Fan
and Aunt James and all, of my having expected results too rapidly at
Mota, I had sitting with me that dear boy Tagalana, who for two months
last winter was in the great sacred enclosure, though, dear lad, not by
his own will, yet his faith was weak, and no wonder.

'Now, God's holy name be praised for it, he is, I verily believe, in his
very soul, taught by the Spirit to see and desire to do his duty. I feel
more confidence about him than I have done about anyone who has come
into my hands originally in a state of complete heathenism. It is
not that his knowledge only is accurate and clearly grasped, but the
humility, the loving spirit, the (apparent) personal appropriation of
the blessing of having been brought to know the love of God and the
redemption wrought for him by the death of Christ; this is what, as I
look upon his clear truthful eyes, makes me feel so full of thankfulness
and praise.

'"But Tagalana, if I should die, you used to say that without my help
you should perhaps fall back again: is that true?"

'"No, no; I did not feel it then as I do now in my heart. I can't tell
how it came there, only I know He can never die, and will always be with
me. You know you said you were only like a sign-post, to point out the
way that leads to Him, and I see that we ought to follow you, but to go
altogether to Him."

'I can't tell you, my dearest Father, what makes up the sum of my
reasons for thinking that God is in His mercy bringing this dear boy to
be the first-fruits of Mota unto the Christ, but I think that there is
an inward teaching going on now in his heart, which gives me sure hope,
for I know it is not my doing.

'All you all say about Mota is most true: I never thought otherwise
really, but I wrote down my emotions and impulses rather than my
deliberate thoughts, that my letter written under such strange
circumstances might become as a record of the effect produced day by day
upon us by outward circumstances.

'What some of you say about self-possession on one's going about among
the people being marvellous, is just what of course appears to me
commonplace. Of course it is wrong to risk one's life, but to carry
one's life in one's hand is what other soldiers besides those of the
Cross do habitually; and no one, as I think, would willingly hurt a hair
of my head in Melanesia, or that part of it where I am at all known.

'How I think of those islands! How I see those bright coral and sandy
beaches, strips of burning sunshine fringing the masses of forest rising
into ridges of hills, covered with a dense mat of vegetation. Hundreds
of people are crowding upon them, naked, armed, with wild uncouth
cries and gestures; I cannot talk to them but by signs. But they are my
children now! May God enable me to do my duty to them!

'I have now as I write a deepening sense of what the change must be that
has passed upon me. Again I go by God's blessing for seven months to
Melanesia. All that our experience has taught us we try to remember:
food, medicine, articles of trade and barter.

'But what may be the result? Who can tell? You know it is not of myself
that I am thinking. If God of His great mercy lead me in His way, to me
there is little worth living for but the going onward with His blessed
work, though I like my talks with the dear Bishop and the Judge. But
others are committed to me--Mr. Pritt and Mr. Kerr go with me. Shall I
find dear old Wadrokala and Harper alive, and if alive, well?

'And yet, thank God, we go on day by day, so happy, so hopeful!

'I see two sermons by the Bishop of Oxford, "God's Revelation Man's
Trial," please send them. They bear, I conclude, on the controversy
of the day. I need not tell you that I find a very great interest in
reading these books, or rather at present in talking now and then, when
we meet, with the Judge on the subject of which those books treat. The
books I have not read. But I know no refreshment so great as the reading
any books which deal with these questions thoughtfully. I hope you don't
think it wrong and dangerous for me to do so; pray tell me. I don't
believe that I am wrong in doing it, yet it may be that I read them
as an intellectual treat, and prefer them to thoughtful books on other
subjects, because they deal with a study which I am a little more
conversant with than with history, science, &c.

'Besides, I do see that we have, many of us, very vague notions of the
meaning of terms which we use, and I see that I must be prepared (I
speak for myself) to expect that a clergyman may not with impunity use a
language wanting in definiteness and precision. It is possible that
men do too passively receive hereditary and conventional opinions
which never have a living reality to them. But this, you know, I do not
confound with the humble submission to authoritative teaching, given
upon authority, to supersede the necessity of every person investigating
for himself the primary grounds of his religious convictions.'

It is worth noting how the Bishop submits his reading to his father's
approval, as when he was a young boy. Alas! no more such letters of
comfort and counsel would be exchanged. This one could hardly have been
received by that much-loved father.

Preparations for the voyage were going on; but the 'Dunedin,' the only
vessel to be procured, at best a carthorse to a racer compared with the
'Southern Cross,' was far from being in a satisfactory state, as appears
in a note of 3rd of May to the Bishop of Wellington:--

'Here we are still. The only vessel that I could make any arrangement
about not yet returned, and known to be in such a state that the pumps
were going every two hours. I have not chartered her, but only agreed
with the owner a month ago nearly that I would take her at a certain sum
per day, subject to divers conditions about being caulked (which is all
she wants, I have ascertained), being provided with spare sails, spars,
chronometer, boat, &c., and all agreement to be off unless by a certain
day (already past) she was in a state satisfactory to Mr. Kerr. But
there is, I fear, none other, and I am in a difficulty.'


Of the same day is a letter to the Rev. Stephen Hawtrey:--


'Taurarua, Auckland: May 6, 1861.

'My dear Mr. Hawtrey,--I was highly pleased to receive a note from you.
Though I never doubt of the hearty sympathy and co-operation of all Eton
friends (how could you do so with such an annual subscription list?),
yet it is very pleasant and more than pleasant to be reminded by word or
by letter that prayers and wishes are being offered up for Melanesia by
many good men throughout the world.

'I should like to send a special appeal for a Mission Vessel by the next
mail. We cannot get on without one. Vessels built for freight are to the
"Southern Cross" as a cart-horse to a thoroughbred steed, and we must
have some vessel which can do the work quickly among the multitude of
the isles, and many other reasons there are which we seamen only perhaps
can judge fully, which make it quite essential to the carrying on this
peculiar Mission that we should have a vessel of a peculiar kind.

'Tagalana, from Mota (Sugar Loaf Island), in the Banks Archipelago, is,
I think, likely by God's great mercy to become the first-fruits of that
cluster of islands unto Christ. He is here for the third time; and I
have infinite comfort in seeing the earnestness of his character, and
the deep sense of what he was, and what he is going to be, so truly
realised.

'He is now so unlike what still his people are, so bright and open in
manner, and all who see him say, "What is come to the lad, his manner
and very appearance so changed!" "Clothed," thank God, he is, "and in
his right mind," soon to sit, if not already seated, at the feet
of Christ. You may, if you think fit, let your thoughts centre more
especially in him. He, of all who have come into my hands absolutely
stark naked and savage, gives now the greatest ground for hope and
thanksgiving. I shall (D.V.) think of all your dear friends assembled in
your church and house on St. Barnabas Day. May God bless and reward you
all for your work of charity to Melanesia!

'Very sincerely yours,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.

'P.S.--I hope to baptize that dear boy Tagalana on his own island in the
course of the winter. I should wish to make the service as impressive
as possible, in the presence of as many islanders as I can bring to the
spot, under the shadow of a mighty banyan tree, and above the sparkling
waves of the great Pacific.'


The 'Dunedin' was patched up into sailing with the new Bishop for his
cathedral--the banyan tree of Mota.

It carried him away to his work, away from all knowledge of the blow
that was preparing for him at home, and thinking of the delight that was
in store for his family in a visit from Mrs. Selwyn, who, immediately
after his Consecration, had returned home to spend a year in England on
business.

Sir John Patteson's happiness in his son's work and worth were far
greater than those of the actual worker, having none of the drawbacks
that consciousness of weakness must necessarily excite. The joy this
gave his heart may, without exaggeration, he deliberately said to have
been full compensation for the loss of the presence so nobly sacrificed.
On January 22 he had written to the Bishop of New Zealand:--


'You write most kindly touching him, dear fellow, and truly I am to be
envied, qui natum haberem tali ingenio praeditum. Not for a moment have
I repented of giving my sanction to his going out to New Zealand; and I
fully believe that God will prosper his work. I did not contemplate his
becoming a Bishop, nor is that the circumstance which gives me the great
satisfaction I feel. It is his devotion to so good a work, and that he
should have been found adequate to its performance; whether as a Bishop
or as a Priest is not of itself of so much importance.

'Perhaps he may have been consecrated before I am writing this, though I
am puzzled as to the time....

'May God bless with the fullest success the labours of both of you in
your high and Christian works!'


There had for more than a year been cause of anxiety for Sir John's
health, but it was not the disease that had then threatened which
occasioned the following calm-hearted letter to be written to his son:--


'Feniton Court: March 22, 1861.

'My own dearest Coley,--I promised always to tell you the truth
respecting myself, and will do so. About a month ago, on my rising from
reading prayers, the girls and the Dawlish party who were here exclaimed
that my voice was broken, at which I laughed. Whitby was in London, but
his partner happened to call, and looking at my throat found it relaxed,
and recommended a mustard poultice on the front. When we came to put it
on, we discovered that the glands of the throat were much swelled and
in hard knots. Whitby returned in two days, and was much alarmed. He
declared that it was serious, and nothing but iodine could check it.
I had been unable to take iodine under Watson some years ago, as it
affected my head tremendously, so he applied it outwardly by painting;
this painting did not reduce them, and he strongly pressed my having
London advice, for he said that if not reduced and the swellings
increased internally, they would press on the windpipe and choke me: it
was somewhat a surgical matter. So on Tuesday the 12th inst. we went
to London, and I consulted Paget. He entirely agreed with Whitby, and
thought it very serious, and ordered iodine internally at all hazards. I
took it, and by God's mercy it agreed with me. Paget wished to talk over
the case with Watson, and they met on the 16th, Saturday. They quite
agreed, and did not conceal from me that if iodine did not reduce the
swellings, and they should increase internally, the result must be
fatal. How soon, or in what particular manner, they could not tell; it
might even become cancerous. They did not wish me to stay in town,
but thought I was better here, and Paget, knowing Whitby, has perfect
confidence in his watching, and will correspond with him, if necessary.
At present there is no reduction of the swellings. The iodine has
certainly lessened the pains in my limbs, but does not seem, so to
speak, to determine to the throat, but it may be there has been hardly
time to say that it will not. My own impression is, that it will not,
and that it is highly improbable that I shall last very long. I mean
that I shall not see 1862, nor perhaps the summer or autumn of this
year. I cannot tell why, but this near prospect of death has not given
me any severe shock, as perhaps it ought to have done. It brings more
than ever to my mind serious recollection of the sins of my youth, and
the shortcomings of my after life in thousands of instances. I have
never been a hardened sinner, but years ago, if I did what was sin, it
smote me, and I tried to repent; yet there has always been in me a want
of fervid love to God, and to my blessed Redeemer for His unspeakable
love in suffering for my sins; but it has been cold--that may have been
the natural constitution of the man, I cannot tell--but I never have
placed my hopes of forgiveness and of blessedness hereafter in
anything but in His merits, and most undeserved goodness in offering me
salvation, if I have not thrown it away. But what shall I say? As the
time approaches, it may please Him in His mercy to give me a warmer
heart, and a more vivid perception of all that He has done for me. If I
were to say that I am not a sinner, the truth would not be in me; and
if I am washed in His blood and cleansed, it is not by any efforts or
merits of my own, but by His unlimited mercy and goodness. Pray for me,
that when the time comes I may not for any fears of death fall from Him.
You know that as far as regards this world and its enjoyments, save the
love of my dear good children, they have sate but lightly upon me for
some time; but it is not because we have nothing that we are unwilling
to leave, therefore we are prepared for that which is to come. Perhaps
it may please God to give me still a short time that I may try more
strenuously to prepare myself. We shall never meet again in this world.
Oh! may Almighty God in His infinite mercy grant us to meet again in His
kingdom, through the merits of our blessed Redeemer....

'Oh! my dearest Coley, what comfort I have had in you--what delightful
conversations we have had together, and how thankful we ought to be to
our gracious God for allowing it to be so: and still not less thankful
for the blessings of being watched and comforted and soothed by the dear
girls, and by that dear and good Jem. All so good in their various ways,
and I so little worthy of them...of Francis. That will indeed, humanly
speaking, be a terrible loss to his family, for they want his fatherly
care, and will do so for years. Not so with me; and as I am in my
seventy-second year, it cannot be said that I am cut off prematurely:
but on the contrary, fall like a fruit or a sheaf at its proper
ripeness. Oh! that it may be so spiritually indeed.'


Another letter followed the next month:--


'Feniton Court: April 24, 1861.

'My own dearest Coley,--How many more letters you may receive from me,
God only knows, but, as I think, not many. The iodine fails altogether,
and has produced no effect on the swellings in my throat; on the
contrary, they steadily increase, though not rapidly. Doubtless they
will have their own course, and in some way or other deliver my soul
from the burden of the flesh. Oh! may it by God's mercy be the soul of a
faithful man! Faith and love I think I have, and have long had: but I
am not so sure that I have really repented for my past sins, or only
abandoned them when circumstances had removed almost the temptation
to commit them. Yet I do trust that my repentance has generally been
sincere, and though I may have fallen again, that I may by God's grace
have risen again. I have no assurance that I have fought the good fight
like St. Paul, and that henceforth there is laid up a crown of gold;
yet I have a full and firm hope that I am not beyond the pale of God's
mercy, and that I may have hold of the righteousness of Christ, and may
be partaker of that happiness which he has purchased for His own, by His
atoning blood. No other hope have I; and in all humility I from my heart
feel that any apparent good that I may have done has been His work in me
and not my own. May it please Him that you and I, my dear son, may
meet hereafter, together with all those blessed ones, who have already
departed this life in His faith and fear, in His kingdom above.

'My head aches occasionally, and is not so clear as it used to be....
The next mail will bring us more definite news, if indeed I am not
myself removed before then.... I am afraid that you discern by what I
have written that I am become stupid, and though I could never write
decently, yet you will see that continued dull pain in the head, and
other pains in various parts, have made me altogether heavy and stupid.
I have had the kindest letters and messages from various quarters when
it became known, as it is always very soon, that my health was in a
precarious state: one particularly from the Bishop of Lichfield (all
companions in Old Court, King's, you know) which is very consoling. He
says, If not for such as you, for whom did Christ die? I will not go
on in such strains, for it is of no use. Only do not despair of me, my
beloved Son, and believe me always,

'Your loving Father,

'J. PATTESON.'


'Feniton Court: May 25, 1861.

'O my own dearest Coley,--Almighty God be thanked that He has preserved
my life to hear from you and others of your actual consecration as a
Missionary Bishop of the Holy Catholic Church: and may He enable you
by His grace and the powerful assistance of His Spirit to bring to
His faith and fear very many who have not known Him, and to keep and
preserve in it many others who already profess and call themselves
Christians.

'I was too ill to be present at the whole service on Sunday, but I
attended the Holy Sacrament, and hope to do so to-morrow. We have with
us our dear Sarah Selwyn, who came on Thursday: she came in the most
kind and affectionate spirit, the first visit that she could make, that
she might if possible see me: "I will go and see him before he dies."
What delight this has been to me you may easily imagine, and what talk,
and what anecdotes we have had about you and all your circle; for though
your letters have all along let us in wonderfully into your daily life,
yet there were many things to be filled up, which we have now seen more
clearly and more perfectly recollect as long as our lives are spared.

'What at present intensely fills our hearts and minds is all that took
place on St. Matthias Day, and the day or two before and after. Passages
and circumstances there were, which it is almost wonderful that you all
could respectively bear, some affecting one the more and some the other;
but the absorbing feeling that a great work was then done, and the
ardent trust and prayer that it might turn out to the glory of God, and
the good of mankind, supported every one, I have no doubt. It was
about one of those days that I was first informed of the nature of
the complaint which had just been discovered, and which is bringing me
gradually to the grave.

'Trinity Sunday.--I am just returned from receiving the Holy Sacrament.
You will do so the same in a few hours, and they may well be joined
together, and probably the last that you and I shall receive together
in this world. My time is probably very short. Dear Sarah will hereafter
tell you more particulars of these few days. Dear Joan and Fanny are
watching me continually; it is hard work for them continually and most
uncertain, but in my mind it cannot be very long. Jem is here helping
them continually, but his wife's mother is grievously ill at a
relation's in Gloucestershire, and I will not have him withdrawn from
her. I hope that next week she may be removed to Jem's new cottage, next
Hyde Park, and then they, Joan and Fanny will watch me, and Jem on a
telegraph notice may come to me. If I dare express a hope, it is that
this state of things may not last long. But I have no desire to express
any hope at all; the matter is in the hands of a good God, who will
order all things as is best.... I would write more, but I am under the
serious impression that I shall be dead before this letter reaches you.

'May our Almighty God, three Persons, blessed for evermore, grant that
we may meet hereafter in a blessed eternity!'


One more letter was written:--


'Feniton Court, Honiton: June 12, 1861.

'Oh! my dearest Right Reverend well-beloved Son, how I thank God that it
has pleased Him to save my life until I heard of the actual fact of your
being ordained and consecrated, as I have said more than once since I
heard of it. May it please Him to prolong your life very many years, and
to enable you to fulfil all those purposes for which you have been
now consecrated, and that you may see the fruit of your labour of love
before He calls you to His rest in Heaven. But if not, may you have laid
such foundations for the spread of God's Word throughout the countries
committed to your charge, that when it pleases God to summon you hence,
you may have a perfect consciousness of having devoted all your time and
labour, and so far as you are concerned have advanced all the works as
fastly and as securely as it seemed fit to your great Assister, the Holy
Spirit, that they should be advanced. Only conceive that an old Judge of
seventy-two, cast out of his own work by infirmity, should yet live to
have a son in the Holy Office of Bishop, all men rejoicing around
him; and so indeed they do rejoice around me, mingling their loving
expressions at my illness and approaching death....

'I shall endeavour to write at intervals between this and July mail. It
tries me to write much at a time.

'Your loving Father,

'J. PATTESON.'


The calm of these letters was the pervading spirit of Feniton. With
perfect cheerfulness did the aged Judge await the summons, aware that he
carried the 'sentence of death within himself,' and that the manner
of his summons would probably be in itself sudden--namely, one of the
choking fits that increased in frequency. He lived on with his children
and relations round him, spending his time in his usual manner, so
far as his strength permitted--bright, kind, sunny as ever, and not
withdrawing his interest from the cares and pleasures of others, but
glad to talk more deeply, though still peacefully, of his condition and
his hopes. One thing only troubled him. Once he said, and with tears in
his eyes, to his beloved brother-in-law, Sir John Coleridge: 'Woe unto
you when all men shall speak well of you,' adding to this effect, 'Alas!
That this has been my lot without my deserts. It pains me now!'

But as this popularity had come of no self-seeking nor attempt to win
applause, it was a grief that was soon dispelled. Perhaps if there
was one strong wish, it was to hear of his son's actually having been
received into the order of Bishops, and that gratification was granted
to him. The letters with the record of consecration arrived in time
to be his Whitsuntide joy--joy that he still participated in the
congregation, for though not able to be at church for the whole service,
he still was always present at the celebration of the Holy Communion.

On the day the letters came there was great peace, and a kind of
awful joy on all the household. For many weeks past, Sir John had not
attempted to read family prayers, but on this evening he desired his
daughters to let him do so. Where in the prayer for missionaries he
had always mentioned, 'the absent member of this family,' he added in a
clear tone, 'especially for John Coleridge Patteson, Missionary Bishop.'
That was the father's one note of triumph, the last time he ever led the
household prayers. In a day or two Mrs. Selwyn came to him, and he wrote
the following to the Bishop of New Zealand:--


'Feniton Court: May 24, 1861.

'My very dear Friend,--Here I am, and I have with me your dear and good
wife, who arrived yesterday. She looks well, and I trust is so. She has
arranged her visits so as to come to me as soon as possible. "I will go
and see him before he die," and I feel sensibly the kindness of it. What
a mercy is it that my life should have been preserved to receive from
my dear son Coley and from you by letter the account of his having been
consecrated by you as Bishop of the true Catholic Church. There were
[accounts?] of that most impressive service, which, had I been present,
would have, I fear, sent me to the floor; and you and Coley must have
had difficulty in holding up at those feeling statements of your having
received him at my old hands. When you so received him, it was known
I was satisfied that his heart was really fixed on this missionary
work--that he felt a call to it. I believe, you know, and I am sure God
knows, that I had not the most distant notion in my mind that it would
lead to his becoming a Bishop, nor do I now rejoice in the result,
simply on account of the honour of the office; but because my confidence
in the honesty and sincerity of his then feelings has been justified,
and that it has pleased God to endow him with such abundant graces.
May it please God that you should continue together in your respective
governments in His Church many years, and that we may all meet together
in his kingdom above!

'When I parted with him I did not expect to see his face on earth, yet
perhaps I hardly expected that our separation would be so soon, though
I am in my seventy-second year. But in February I discovered these
swellings in my throat; which, humanly speaking, could only be cured by
iodine. Iodine has failed, and other attempts at a cure fail also; and
it is only a question of time when the soul will be delivered from the
burthen of the flesh. So indeed it is with all human beings; but it is
one thing to know this as a general proposition, and another to know
that the particular minister of death has hold of you, and that you are
really only living from day to day.

'For all your many kindnesses to all of us and to my son, I thank you
from the very bottom of my soul, and pray that we may meet hereafter,
through the merits, and for the sake of our blessed Mediator and
Redeemer Jesus Christ our Lord, that as we have striven on earth to be
followers of Him and His glory, so we may be partakers of it in Heaven.

'Your loving Friend,

'J. PATTESON.'


The July mail was without a letter from the father. The end had come
in the early morning of June 28, 1861, with a briefer, less painful
struggle than had been thought probable, and the great, sound, wise,
tender heart had ceased to beat.

There is no need to dwell on the spontaneous honours that all of those
who had ever been connected with him paid to the good old Judge, when he
was laid beside his much-loved wife in Feniton churchyard. Bishop Sumner
of Winchester, the friend of his boyhood, read the funeral service.

'His works do follow him:' and we turn to that work of his son's in
which assuredly he had his part, since one word of his would have turned
aside the course that had brought such blessing on both, had he not
accepted the summons, even as Zebedee, when he was left by the lake
side, while his sons became fishers of men.

Unknowing of the tidings in reserve for him, the Bishop was on his
voyage, following the usual course; hearing at Anaiteum that a frightful
mortality had prevailed in many of these southern islands. Measles had
been imported by a trader, and had, in many cases, brought on dysentery,
and had swept away a third of Mr. Geddie's Anaiteum flock. Mr. Gordon's
letters had spoken of it as equally fatal in Erromango, and there were
reports of the same, as well as of famine and war, in Nengone.

'God will give me men in His time; for could I be cut up into five
pieces already I would be living at Nengone, Lifu, Mai, Mota, and
Bauro!' was the comment on this visit; and this need of men inspired a
letter to his uncle Edward, on a day dear to the Etonian heart:--


'Schooner "Dunedin," 60 tons.

'In sight of Erromango, New Hebrides: June 4, 1861.

'My dear Tutor,--Naturally I think of Eton and of you especially to-day.
I hope you have as fine a day coming on for the cricket-match and for
Surley as I have here. Thermometer 81°; Tanna and Erromango, with
their rugged hilly outlines, breaking the line of the bright sparkling
horizon.

'I managed to charter the vessel for the voyage just in time to escape
cold weather in New Zealand. She is slow, but sound; the captain a
teetotaller, and crew respectable in all ways. So the voyage, though
lengthy, is pleasant.

'I have some six or seven classes to take, for they speak as many more
languages; and I get a little time for reading and writing, but not
much.

'I need not tell you how heavily this new responsibility presses on me,
as I see the islands opening, and at present feel how very difficult it
must be to obtain men to occupy this opening--

'True, we have not to contend with subtle and highly-elaborated systems
of false religion. It is the ignorantia purae negationis, comparatively
speaking, in some of the islands; yet, generally, there is a settled
system of some kind observed among them, and in the Banks Islands, an
extraordinarily developed religion, which enters into every detail of
social and domestic life, and is mixed up with the daily life of every
person in the archipelago.

'I think, therefore, that men are needed who have what I may call strong
religious common sense to adapt Christianity to the wants of the various
nations that live in Melanesia, without compromising any truth of
doctrine or principle of conduct--men who can see, in the midst of the
errors and superstitions of a people, whatever fragment of truth or
symptom of a yearning after something better may exist among them, and
make that the point d'appui, upon which they may build up the structure
of Christian teaching. Men, moreover, of industry they must be, for it
is useless to talk of "picking up languages." Of course, in a few days a
man may learn to talk superficially and inaccurately on a few subjects;
but to teach Christianity, a man must know the language well, and this
is learnt only by hard work.

'Then, again, unless a man can dispense with what we ordinarily call
comfort or luxuries to a great extent, and knock about anywhere in
Melanesian huts, he can hardly do much work in this Mission. The climate
is so warm that, to my mind, it quite supplies the place of the houses,
clothing, and food of old days, yet a man cannot accommodate himself to
it all at once. I don't say that it came naturally to me five years ago,
as it does now, when I feel at home anywhere, and cease to think it
odd to do things which, I suppose, you would think very extraordinary
indeed.

'But most of all--for this makes all easy--men are wanted who really do
desire in their hearts to live for God and the world to come, and who
have really sought to sit very loosely to this world. The enjoyment, and
the happiness, and the peace all come, and that abundantly; but there is
a condition, and the first rub is a hard one, and lasts a good while.

'Naturally buoyant spirits, the gift of a merry heart, are a great help;
for oftentimes a man may have to spend months without any white man
within hundreds of miles, and it is very depressing to live alone in the
midst of heathenism. But there must be many many fellows pulling up to
Surley to-night who may be well able to pull together with one on the
Pacific--young fellows whose enthusiasm is not mere excitement of
animal spirits, and whose pluck and courage are given them to stand the
roughnesses (such as they are) of a missionary life. For, dear Uncle,
if you ever talk to any old pupil of yours about the work, don't let him
suppose that it is consistent with ease and absence of anxiety and work.
When on shore at Kohimarama, we live very cosily, as I think. Some might
say we have no society, very simple fare, &c.; I don't think any man
would really find it so. But in the islands, I don't wish to conceal
from anyone that, measured by the rule of the English gentleman's
household, there is a great difference. Why should it, however, be
measured by this standard? I can truly say that we have hitherto always
had what is necessary for health, and what does one need more? though I
like more as much as anyone.

'How you will wonder at the news of my consecration, and, indeed, well
you may! I would, indeed, that there were a dozen men out here under
whom I was working, if only they were such men as the Primate would have
chosen to the work.

'But it is done now, and I know I must not shrink from it. Never did I
need the love and prayers of my dear relations and friends as I do now.
Already difficulties are rising up around me, and I am so little fit to
be a leader of work like this. Don't forget, dear Tutor, your old pupil,
who used to copy the dear Bishop's letters in your study from Anaiteum,
Erromango, &c.; and little thought that he would write from these
islands to you, himself the Missionary Bishop.

'With kind love to all,

'Your loving old Pupil and Nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.'


This thoughtful and beautiful letter was written in sight of Erromango,
a sandal-wood station, whence a trader might be found to take charge of
it. The ink was scarcely dry before the full cost of carrying the Gospel
among the heathen was brought before the writer. Not only houses and
brethren must be given up, but the 'yea and his own life also' was now
to be exemplified almost before his eyes.

The Erromaugo Mission, like that of Anaiteum, came from the Scottish
Kirk. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon, as has been seen, had been visited on every
voyage of the 'Southern Cross' during their three years' residence
there, and there was a warm regard between them and the Bishop. It was
then a great shock to hear a Nengone man call out from a sandal-wood
vessel, lying in Dillon's Bay, that they had both been killed!

It was but too true. The Erromango people had been little inclined to
listen to Mr. Gordon's warnings, and he, a young and eager man, had told
them that to persevere in their murders and idolatries would bring a
judgment upon them. When therefore the scourge of sickness came, as at
Anaiteum, they connected him with it; and it was plain from his diary
that he had for some months known his life to be in danger, but he had
gone about them fearlessly, like a brave man, doing his best for the
sick.

On May 20 he was in a little wood, putting up a house instead of
one that had been blown down by a hurricane, and he had sent his few
faithful pupils to get grass for the thatch. Nine natives from a village
about three hours' walk distant came to the house where his wife
was, and asked for him. She said he was in the little wood. They went
thither, and while eight hid themselves in the bush, one went forward
and asked for some calico. Mr. Gordon took a bit of charcoal and wrote
on a bit of wood directions to his wife to give the bearer some cotton,
but the man insisted that he must come himself to give out some medicine
for a sick man. Mr. Gordon complied, walking in front as far as the
place where lay the ambush, when the man struck him with a tomahawk on
the spine, and he fell, with a loud scream, while the others leaping out
fell upon him with blows that must have destroyed life at once, yelling
and screaming over him. Another went up to the house. Mrs. Gordon had
come out, asking what the shouts meant. 'Look there!' he said, and as
she turned her head, he struck her between the shoulders, and killed her
as soon as she had fallen.

Another native had in the meantime rushed down the hill to the
sandal-wood station half a mile off on the beach, and the trader, arming
his natives, came up too late to do more than prevent the murderers from
carrying off the bodies or destroying the house. The husband and wife
were buried in the same grave; the natives fenced it round; and now,
on June 7, eighteen days after, Bishop Patteson read the Burial
Service over it, with many solemn and anxious thoughts respecting the
population, now reduced to 2,500, and in a very wild condition.

At Mai the Bishop spent two hours the next day, and brought away one old
scholar and one new one.

At Tariko, where he had been three years before with the Primate, the
Episcopal hat brought the greeting 'Bishop,' as the people no doubt
thought the wearer identical. Of Ambrym there is a characteristic
sentence: 'As we left the little rock pool where I had jumped ashore,
leaving, for prudence sake, the rest behind me in the boat, one man
raised his bow and drew it, then unbent it, then bent it again, but
apparently others were dissuading him from letting fly the arrow. The
boat was not ten yards off, I don't know why he did so; but we must try
to effect more frequent landings.'

On June 12 Mota was reached, and the next morning the Mission party
landed, warmly welcomed by the inhabitants. The house was found safely
standing and nearly weather-proof.

'June 13th.--This morning I put up the framework for another small
house, where I shall put Wadrokala, his child-wife, and many of our
boxes. We had to carry up the timber first from the beach, and it was
rather hot work, as also the carpentering, as I chose a place for the
house where no falling bread-fruit or branches of trees would hurt it,
and the sun was so hot that it almost burnt my hand when I took up a
handful of nails that had been lying for ten minutes in the sun. So our
picnic life begins again, and that favourably. I feel the enjoyment of
the glorious view and climate, and my dear lads, Tagalana and Parenga,
from Bauro, are with me, the rest in Port Patteson, &c., coming over
in the vessel to-morrow, which I shall then discharge. I see that the
people are very friendly; they all speak of your bread-fruit tree, your
property. The house had not been entered, a keg of nails inside it not
touched.

'Tagalana's father is dead. His first words to me were, "Oh that the
Word of God had come in old times to Mota, I should not then cry so much
about him. Yes, it is true, I know, I must be thankful it is come now,
and I must remember that, and try to help others who may die too before
they believe it."

'"Yes, I am quite your child now! Yes, one Father for us all in Heaven.
You my father here! Yes, I stop always with you, unless you send me
away. They ask me with whom I shall live now; I say with the Bishop."

'How I was praising and rejoicing in my heart as the dear boy was
speaking: "Yes, I am feeling calm again now. When people die at Mota,
you know they make a great shouting, but soon forget the dead person.
But I am able to be quiet and calm now, as you talk to me about God and
Jesus Christ. Yes, He rose again. Death is not the end. I know you said
it is for those who repent and believe in Christ the Door to enter into
life eternal. How different it all seems then!"

'When you read this you will say, "Thank God that I sent him out to
Melanesia with my blessing on his head. I too may see Tagalana one day
with Him who is the Father of us all."

'One soul won to Christ, as I hope and believe, by His love and power,
and if in any degree by my ministry, to God be the praise!'

The comfort sent home to the sisters with the letter respecting this
voyage is:--


'Mota: June 14, 1861.

'Now, dear Joan, don't any of you think too much about the murder of Mr.
and Mrs. Gordon, as if my life was exposed to the same kind of risk.

'Certainly it is not endangered here. It may be true that at places
where I am not known some sudden outbreak may occur; but humanly
speaking, there are not many places that as yet I am able to visit where
I realise the fact of any danger being run.

'Yet it may happen that some poor fellow, who has a good cause to think
ill of white men, or some mischievous badly disposed man, may let fly a
random arrow or spear some day.

'If so, you will not so very much wonder, nor be so very greatly
grieved. Every clergyman runs at least as great a risk among the
small-pox and fevers of town parishes. Think of Uncle James in the
cholera at Thorverton.'

So with the 'Dunedin' dismissed, Bishop Patteson, Mr. Pritt, Mr.
Kerr, and their pupils recommenced their residence at Mota. The Banks
Islanders returned to their homes; and when the Bishop came to Aroa,
Tagalana's native place, three weeks lately the little fellow received
him affectionately, cooked yams, fetched mats, and was not ashamed
before his own people to kneel down, and join audibly in hymn and
prayer. The people begged for Wadrokala or some other teacher to be
placed among them. The Journal continues:--

'On Friday, at 8.30, I started, not quite knowing whither I should go,
but soon saw that I could fetch round the south end of Vanua Lava, which
was well. The sea, when it comes through the passage between Mota and
Valua, is heavy, but the boat had great way on her, sailing very fast,
so that I could steer her well, and we did not take very long crossing
to the small reef islands. I passed between Pakea and Vanua Lava (Dudley
Passage), and then we had unexpectedly a very heavy sea, a strong tide
up. I did not like it, but, thank God, all went well. One very heavy sea
in particular I noticed, which broke some twenty yards ahead, and about
the same distance astern of us, while the exact part of it which came
down upon us was only a black wall of water, over which we rode lightly
and dry. I think that it might have swamped us had it broken upon the
boat. My boat is an open four-oared one, 26 feet long, and about five
wide, strong but light. She sails admirably with a common lug sail.
I had one made last summer, very large, with two reefs, so that I can
reduce it to as small a sail as I please. By 4 or 5 P.M. I neared Aruas,
in the bay on the west side of Vanua Lava; the same crowd as usual on
the beach, but I did not haul the boat up. I had a grapnel, and dropped
it some fifty yards from the beach.

'Somehow I did not much like the manner of some of the people; they did
not at night come into the Ogamal, or men's common eating and sleeping
house, as before, and I overheard some few remarks which I did not quite
like--something about the unusual sickness being connected with this
new teaching--I could not be quite sure, as I do not know the dialect
of Aruas. There were, however, several who were very friendly, and the
great majority were at least quiet, and left us to ourselves. The
next morning I started at about eight, buying two small pigs for two
hatchets, and yams and taro and dried bread-fruit for fish-hooks. I
gave one young man a piece of iron for his attention to us. As we pulled
away, one elderly man drew his bow, and the women and children ran off
into the bush, here, as everywhere almost in these islands, growing
quite thickly some twenty yards above high-water mark. The man did
not let fly his arrow: I cannot tell why this small demonstration took
place.'

When an arrow was pointed at him, it was Bishop Patteson's custom to
look the archer full in the face with his bright smile, and in many
more cases than are here hinted at, that look of cheery confidence and
good-will made the weapon drop.

After a few more visits to the coasts of this archipelago the boat
returned to Mota, where Mr. Pritt and Mr. Kerr had kept school every
day, besides getting the station into excellent order and beauty. Their
presence at the head-quarters left the Bishop free to circulate in the
villages, sleeping in the Ogamals, where he could collect the men. They
always seemed pleased and interested, and their pugnacious habits
were decidedly diminishing, though their superstitious practices and
observances were by no means dropped.

The Diary, on July 24, thus speaks of the way of life; which, however,
was again telling on the health of the party:--

'I am so accustomed to sleeping about anywhere that I take little or no
account of thirty, forty, fifty naked fellows, lying, sitting, sleeping
round me. Someone brings me a native mat, someone else a bit of yam; a
third brings a cocoa-nut; so I get my supper, put down the mat (like a
very thin door-mat) on the earth, roll up my coat for a pillow, and make
a very good night of it. I have had deafness in my right ear again for
some days; no pain with it, but it is inconvenient.

'Several of our lads have had attacks of fever and ague; Wadrokala and
his child of a wife, Bum, a Bauro boy, &c. The island is not at all
unhealthy, but natives cannot be taught caution. I, thank God, am in
robust health, very weather-beaten. I think my Bishop's dress would look
quite out of keeping with such a face and pair of hands!

'There is much as usual in such cases to encourage and to humble us.
Some few people seem to be in earnest. The great majority do their best
to make me think they are listening. Meanwhile, much goes on in the
island as of old.

'Sunday, July 28th, 11.45 A.M.--I have much anxiety just now. At this
moment Wadrokala is in an ague fit, five or six others of my party kept
going by quinine and port wine, and one or other sickening almost daily.
Henry Hrahuena, of Lifu, I think dying, from what I know not--I think
inflammation of the brain, induced possibly by exposure to the sun,
though I have not seen him so exposed, and it is a thing I am very
careful about with them. I do what I can in following the directions of
medical books, but it is so hard to get a word from a native to explain
symptoms, &c.; besides, my ear is now, like last year, really painful;
and for two nights I have had little sleep, and feel stupid, and getting
a worn-out feeling. With all this, I am conscious that it is but a
temporary depression, a day or two may bring out the bright colours
again. Henry may recover by God's mercy, the boys become hearty again;
my ear get right. At present I feel that I must rub on as I can, from
hour to hour.

'If I find from experience that natives of Melanesia, taken to a
different island, however fertile, dry, and apparently healthy, do seem
to be affected by it, I must modify my plans, try as soon as possible
to have more winter schools, and, what is of more consequence, I must
reconsider the whole question of native teachers. If a great amount
of sickness is to be the result of gathering scholars around me at an
island, I could do, perhaps, more single-handed, in health, and with
no one to look after, than with twenty fellows of whom half are causing
continual anxiety on the score of health. Now were I alone, I should
be as brisk as a bee, but I feel weighed down somewhat with the anxiety
about all these fellows about me.

'I must balance considerations, and think it out. It requires great
attention. It is at times like these that I experience some trials.
Usually my life is, as you know, singularly free from them.

'July 31st.--Henry died on Sunday about 4 A.M. Wadrokala is better.
The boys are all better. I have had much real pain and weariness from
sleepless nights, owing to the small tumour in my ear. What a sheet of
paper for you to read! And yet it is not so sad either. The boys were
patient and good; Wadrokala takes his ague attacks like a man; and about
Henry I had great comfort.

'He was about eighteen or nineteen, as I suppose, the son of the great
enchanter in Lifu in old times--the hereditary high priest of Lifu
indeed. He was a simple-minded, gentle, good fellow, not one probably
who would have been able to take a distinct line as a teacher, yet
he might have done good service with a good teacher. We found that
afternoon a slate on which he had written down some thoughts when first
taken ill, showing that he felt that he was sick unto death. Very full
of comfort were his written as well as his spoken words.'

On August 1, while the Bauro scholars were writing answers to questions
on the Lord's Prayer, a party of men and women arrived, headed by a
man with a native scarf over his shoulders. They had come to be taught,
bringing provisions with them, and eating them, men and women together,
a memorable infringement of one of the most unvarying customs of the
Banks inhabitants; and from the conversation with them and with others,
Bishop Patteson found that the work of breaking down had been attained,
that of building up had to be begun. They must learn that leaving off
heathen practices was not the same thing as adopting the religion of
Christ, and the kind of work which external influences had cut short in
Lifu had to be begun with them.

'Soon, I think, the great difficulty must be met in Mota of teaching the
Christian's social and domestic life to people disposed to give up
much of their old practices. This is the point at which I suppose most
Missions have broken down. It is a great blessing indeed to reach it,
but the building up of converts is the harder work. Here, for example,
a population of 1,500 people; at present they know all that is necessary
for the cultivation of yams, &c., they build houses sufficient for the
purpose of their present life, they are giving up fighting, losing-faith
in their old charms and contrivances for compassing the death of their
enemies; they will very likely soon be at peace throughout the whole
island. Well, then, they will be very idle, talk infinite scandal,
indulge in any amount of gluttony; professing to believe our religion,
their whole life will contradict that profession, unless their whole
social and domestic life be changed, and a new character infused into
them. It would be a great mistake to suppose that the English aspect
of the Christian's social life is necessarily adapted to such races
as these. The Oriental tendencies of their minds, the wholly different
circumstances of their lives, climate, absence of all poverty or
dependence upon others, &c., will prevent them from ever becoming a
little English community; but not, I trust, their becoming a Christian
community. But how shall I try to teach them to become industrious,
persevering, honest, tidy, clean, careful with children, and all the
rest of it? What a different thing from just going about and teaching
them the first principles of Christianity! The second stage of a Mission
is the really difficult one.'

A few days after the foregoing observations were written, H.M.S.
'Cordelia,' a war steamer, entered Port Patteson, and Captain Hume
himself came across by boat to Mota, to communicate to Bishop Patteson
his instructions to offer him a cruise in the vessel, render him any
assistance in his power in the Solomon Islands, and return him to
any island he might desire. Letters from the Primate assumed that the
proposal should be accepted; it was an opportunity of taking home the
Bauro and Grera boys; moreover there was a quarrel between English and
natives to be enquired into at Ysabel Island, where the Bishop could be
useful as interpreter; and, as he could leave his two friends to carry
on the school at Mota, he went on board, and very good it was for him,
in the depressed state of health brought on by rude bed and board, to be
the guest on board a Queen's ship and under good medical care.

For the 'Cordelia' had brought out the letters which gave the first
intimation of his father's state; and without the privacy, and freedom
from toil and responsibility, he could hardly have borne up under the
blow. The first day was bad enough: 'a long busy day on shore with just
one letter read, and the dull heavy sensation of an agony that was to
come, as soon as I could be alone to think.' Arrangements had to be
made; and there was not one solitary moment till 9 P.M. in the cabin
when this loving and beloved son could shut himself in, kneel down, and
recover composure to open the two letters in his father's hand.

He wrote it all--his whole heart--as of old to the father who had ever
shared his inmost thoughts:--

'It may be that as I write, your blessed spirit, at rest in Paradise,
may know me more truly than ever you did on earth; and yet the sorrow
of knowing how bitter it is within may never be permitted to ruffle your
everlasting peace.

'I may never see you on earth. All thought of such a joy is gone. I
did really cling to it (I see it now) when most I thought I was quite
content to wait for the hope of the great meeting. I will try to
remember and to do what you say about all business matters.

'I will pray God to make me more desirous and more able to follow the
holy example you leave behind. Oh that the peace of God may be given to
me also when I come to die; though how may I dare to hope for such an
end, so full of faith and love and the patient waiting for Christ!

'I must go on with my work. This very morning I was anxious, passing
shoal water with the captain and master beside me, and appealing to me
as pilot. I must try to be of some use in the ship. I must try to turn
to good account among the islands this great opportunity. Probably
elasticity of mind will come again now for very pain of body. Oh! how
much more sorrow and heavy weight on my heart! I am quite worn out and
weary. It seems as if the light were taken from me, as if it was no
longer possible to work away so cheerily when I no longer have you to
write to about it all, no longer your approval to seek, your notice to
obtain.

'I must go on writing to you, my own dearest Father, even as I go on
praying for you. It is a great comfort to me, though I feel that in all
human probability you are to be thought of now as one of the blessed
drawn wholly within the veil. Oh! that we may all dwell together
hereafter for His blessed sake who died for us. Now more than ever your
loving and dutiful Son,' &c.

Such another letter was written to his sister Fanny; but it is dated
four days later, when he was better in health, and was somewhat
recovered from the first shock; besides which, he felt his office of
comforter when writing to her. So the letter is more cheerful, and is
a good deal taken up with the endeavour to assure the sisters of
his acquiescence in whatever scheme of life they might adopt, and
willingness that, if it were thought advisable, Feniton Court should
be sold. 'This is all cold and heartless,' he says, 'but I must try and
make my view pretty clear.' Towards the end occurs the following:--

'Last night, my slight feverish attack over, my ears comfortable, with
the feeling of health and ease returning, I lay awake, thought of dear
Uncle Frank, and then for a long time of dear Mamma. How plainly I saw
her face, and dear dear Uncle James, and I wondered whether dear dear
Father was already among them in Paradise. It is not often that I can
fasten down my mind to think continuously upon those blessed ones; I am
too tired, or too busy; and this climate, you know, is enervating.
But last night I was very happy, and seemed to be very near them. The
Evening Lesson set me off, 1 John iii. How wonderful it is! But all the
evening I had been reading my book of Prayers and Meditations. Do
you know, Fan, at times the thought comes upon me with a force almost
overpowering, that I am a Bishop; and that I must not shrink from
believing that I am called to a special work. I don't think that I dwell
morbidly on this, but it is an awful thought. And then I feel just
the same as of old, and don't reach out more, or aim more earnestly at
amendment of life and strive after fresh degrees of enlightenment and
holiness. But probably I have to learn the lesson, which it may be only
sickness will teach me, of patient waiting, that God will accomplish His
own work in His own time.'

Some of this is almost too sacred for publication, and yet it is well
that it should be seen how realising the Communion of Saints blessed
the solitary man who had given up home. The next letter is to Sir J. T.
Coleridge:--


'H.M.S. "Cordelia," September 11, 1861.

'My dearest Uncle,--It is now nearly five weeks since I learnt from
my letters of March and April, brought to me by this ship, the very
precarious state of my dear Father.

'He has never missed a mail since we have been parted, never once; and
he wrote as he always did both in March and April. I had read a letter
from the good Primate first; because I had to make up my mind whether I
could, as I was desired, take a cruise in this vessel; and in his letter
I heard of my dear Father's state. With what reverence I opened his
letters! With what short earnest prayers to God that I might have
strength supplied and resignation I had kept them till the last. All day
at Mota I had been too busy to read any but the Primate's letters. I
had many matters to arrange...and it was not until night that I could
quietly read my letters in the captain's cabin. My dear Father's words
seem to come to me like a voice from another world. I think from what
he says, and what they all say, that already he has departed to be with
Christ.

'I think of him and my dear mother, and those dear uncles James and
Frank, so specially dear to me, and others gone before. I think of all
that he has been to me, and yet how can I be unhappy? The great shock to
me was long overpast: it is easy for me to dwell on his gain rather
than my loss; yet how I shall miss his wise loving letters and all the
unrestrained delights of our correspondence.

'It is not with me as with those dear sisters, or with old Jem. Theirs
is the privilege of witnessing the beauty and holiness of his life to
the end; and theirs the sorrow of learning to live without him. Yet
I feel that the greatest perhaps of all the pleasures of this life is
gone. How I did delight in writing to him and seeking his approval
of what I was about! How I read and re-read his letters, entering so
entirely into my feelings, understanding me so well in my life, so
strangely different from what it used to be.

'Well, it should make me feel more than ever that I have but one thing
to live for--the good, if so it may please God, of these Melanesian
islands.

'I cannot say, for you will like to know my feelings, that I felt
so overwhelmed with this news as not to be able to go about my usual
business. Yet the rest on board the vessel has been very grateful to me.
The quiet cheerfulness and briskness will all come again, as I think;
and yet I think too that I shall be an older and more thoughtful man by
reason of this.

'There has been reported a row at Ysabel Island, one of the Solomon
group, eighteen months ago. This vessel, a screw steamer, ten guns and a
large pivot gun, came to enquire, with orders from the Commodore of the
station to call at Mota and see me, and request me to go with the vessel
if I could find time to do so; adding that the vessel was to take me to
any island which I might wish to be returned to. Now I have long wished
to indoctrinate captains of men-of-war with our notions of the right
way to settle disputes between natives and traders. Secondly, I had a
passage free with my Solomon Islanders, and consequently all October and
half November I may devote to working up carefully (D.V.) the Banks and
New Hebrides group without being under the necessity of going down to
the Solomon Islands. Thirdly, I had an opportunity of going further
to the westward than I had ever been before, and of seeing new ground.
Fourthly, the Primate, I found, assumed that I should go. So here I
am, in great clover, of course: the change from Mota to man-of-war life
being amusing enough. Barring some illness, slight attacks of fever, I
have enjoyed myself very much. The seeing Ysabel Island is a real gain.
I had time to acquire some 200 words and phrases of the language, which
signify to me a great deal more. The language is a very remarkable one,
very Polynesian; yet in some respects distinguished from the Polynesian,
and most closely related to Melanesian dialects.

'I need not enter into all this. It is my business, you know, to work
at such things, and a word or two often tells me now a good deal of the
secrets of a language--the prominent forms, affixes, &c., &c.; the way
in which it is linked on to other dialects by peculiar terminations, the
law by which the transposition of vowels and consonants is governed in
general. All these things soon come out, so I am very sanguine
about soon, if I live, seeing my way in preparing the way for future
missionaries in the far West.

'But I must not forget that I have some islands to visit in the next
month or two where the people are very wild, so that I of all people
have least reason to speculate about what I may hope to do a year hence.

'The real anxiety is in the making up my own mind whether or not I ought
to lower the boat in such a sea way; whether or not I ought to swim
ashore among these fellows crowded there on the narrow beach, &c.

'When my mind is made up, it is not so difficult then. But, humanly
speaking, there are but few islands now where I realise the fact of
there being any risk; at very many I land with confidence. Yet I could
enumerate, I dare say, five-and-twenty which we have not visited at
all, or not regularly; and where I must be careful, as also in visiting
different parts of islands already known to us in part. Poor poor
people, who can see them and not desire to make known to them the words
of life? I may never forget the Bishop's words in the Consecration
Service:--"Your office is in the highest sense to preach the Gospel to
the poor;" and then his eye glanced over the row of Melanesians sitting
near me.

'How strange that I can write all this, when one heavy sense of trouble
is hanging vaguely over me. And yet you will be thankful that I can
think, as I trust, heartily of my work, and that my interest is in no
way lessened. It ought to be increased. Yet I scarce realise the fact of
being a Bishop, though again it does not seem unnatural. I can't explain
what I mean. I suppose the fact that I knew for so long before that it
must come some day if I lived, makes the difference now.

'I don't think, however, that your words will come true of my appearing
in shovel hat, &c., at Heath's Court some fine day. It is very
improbable that I shall ever see the northern hemisphere, unless I see
it in the longitude of New Guinea.

'I must try to send a few island shells to M----, B----, and Co.; those
little ones must not grow up, and I am sure that you all do not suffer
them to grow up, without knowing something about "old cousin Coley"
tumbling about in a little ship (albeit at present in a war steamer) at
the other end of the world. Seriously, dear Uncle, as they grow older,
it may be some help for them to hear of these poor Melanesians, and of
our personal intercourse with them, so to speak.

'I have but little hope of hearing, if I return safe to New Zealand at
the end of November, that this disastrous war is over. I fear that
the original error has been overlaid by more recent events, forgotten
amongst them. The Maori must suffer, the country must suffer. Confession
of a fault in an individual is wrong in a State; indeed, the rights of
the case are, and perhaps must be, unknown to people at a distance. We
have no difficulty here in exposing the fallacies and duplicities of the
authors of the war, but we can't expect (and I see that it must be so)
people in England to understand the many details. To begin with, a man
must know, and that well, Maori customs, their national feeling, &c. It
is all known to One above, and that is our only hope now. May He grant
us peace and wisdom for the time to come!

'I have been reading Helps again this voyage, a worthy book, and
specially interesting to me. How much there is I shall be glad to read
about. What an age it is! America, how is that to end? India, China,
Japan, Africa! I have Jowett's books and "Essays and Reviews." How much
I should like to talk with you and John, in an evening at Heath's Court,
about all that such books reveal of Intellectualism at home. One does
feel that there is conventionalism and unreality in the hereditary
passive acceptance of much that people think they believe. But how on
Jowett's system can we have positive teaching at all? Can the thing
denoted by "entering into the mind of Christ or St. Paul" be substituted
for teaching the Catechism?

'Not so, writes my dear Father in the depth of his humility and
simplicity, writing to me what a father could scarcely say to a son!
But our peculiar circumstances have brought this blessing to me, that I
think he has often so "reamed out" his heart to me in the warmth of his
love to a son he was never again to see in the body, that I know him
better even than I should have done had I remained at home.

'So wonderful was my dearest Father's calmness when he wrote on the 24th
of April, that if he was alive to write again in May, I think it not
impossible that he may allude to these matters. If so, what golden words
to be treasured up by me! I have all his letters. You will see, or have
seen him laid by my dear Mother's side. They dwell together now with Him
in Paradise.

'Good-bye, my dearest Uncle. Should God spare your life, my letters will
be more frequent to you now.

'My kindest love to Aunt.

'Your affectionate and grateful Nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.'


There is little more record of this voyage. There was less heart and
spirit than usual for the regular journalizing letter; but the five
weeks' voyage had been most beneficial in restoring health and energy,
and it had one very important effect upon the Mission, for it was here
that Lieutenant Capel Tilly, R.N., became so interested in the Mission
and its head, as to undertake the charge of the future 'Southern Cross.'
The 'Cordelia' was about to return to England, where, after she was
paid off, Mr. Tilly would watch over the building of the new vessel on a
slightly larger scale than the first, would bring her out to Kohimarama,
and act as her captain.

So great a boon as his assistance did much to cheer and encourage the
Bishop, who was quite well again when he landed at Mota on September 17,
and found Mr. Pritt convalescent after a touch of ague, and Mr. Kerr so
ill as to be glad to avail himself of Captain Hume's kind offer to take
him back to Auckland in the 'Cordelia.'

Probably all were acclimatised by this time, for we hear of no more
illness before the 'Sea Breeze,' with Mr. Dudley, came, on the 10th of
October, to take the party off.

He says:--'The Bishop and Mr. Pritt both looked pale and worn. There
were, however, signs in the island of a great advance in the state of
things of the previous year. An admirable schoolroom had been built;
and in the open space cleared in front of it, every evening some hundred
people would gather, the older ones chatting, the younger ones being
initiated in the mysteries of leap-frog, wrestling, and other English
games, until prayer time, when all stood in a circle, singing a Mota
hymn, and the Bishop prayed with and for them.

'That voyage was not a long one. We did not go to the Solomon Islands
and the groups to the north, but we worked back through the New
Hebrides, carefully visiting them.'

Mr. Dudley had brought letters that filled the Bishop's heart to
overflowing, and still it was to his father that he wrote: 'It seems
as if you had lived to see us all, as it were, fixed in our several
positions, and could now "depart in peace, according to His word."'

The agony and bitterness seem to have been met and struggled through,
as it were, in those first days on board the 'Cordelia.' In this second
letter there is infinite peace and thankfulness; and so there still was,
when, at Norfolk Island, the tidings of the good old man's death met
him, as described in the ensuing letter:--


'"Sea Breeze," one hundred miles south-east of Norfolk Island: 8 A.M.

'My dearest Sisters,--Joy and grief were strangely mingled together
while I was on shore in Norfolk Island, from 6 P.M. Saturday to 8 P.M.
Sunday (yesterday).

'I was sitting with Mr. Nobbs (Benjamin Dudley the only other person
present) when he said, "We have seen in our papers from Sydney the news
of the death of your revered Father." He concluded that I must have
known of it.

'How wonderful it seems to me that it did not come as a great shock. I
showed by my face (naturally) that I had not known before that God had
taken him unto Himself, but I could answer quite calmly, "I thank God.
Do not be distressed at telling me suddenly, as you see you have done
inadvertently. I knew he could not live long. We all knew that he was
only waiting for Christ."

'And, dear dear John and Fan, how merciful God has been! The last part
of his letter to me, of date June 25, only three days before his
call came, so that I know (and praise God for it) that he was spared
protracted suffering. Shall I desire or wish to be more sorry than I am?
Shall I try to make myself grieve, and feel unhappy? Oh, no; it is of
God's great mercy that I still feel happy and thankful, for I cannot
doubt the depth of my love to him who has indeed been, and that more
than ever of late, the one to whom I clung in the world.

'I could be quiet at night, sleeping in Mr. Nobbs's house, and yet I
could not at once compose myself to think it all over, as I desired to
do. And then I had much to do, and here was the joy mingling with the
sorrow.

'For the Norfolk Island people have come to see how wise was the
Primate's original plan, and now they much desire to connect themselves
more closely with the Mission.

'Mr. and Mrs. Nobbs desire their son Edwin, who was two years at the
Governor's at Sydney, and is now eighteen and a half years old, to be
given wholly to us.... So said Simon Young of his boy Fisher, and so did
three others. All spoke simply, and without excitement, but with deep
feeling. I thought it right to say that they should remain at Norfolk
Island at present, that we all might prove them whether they were indeed
bent upon this work, that we might be able to trust that God had indeed
called them. To the lads I said, "This is a disappointment, I know, but
it is good for you to have to bear trials. You must take time to count
the cost. It is no light thing to be called to the work of a teacher
among the heathen. In giving up your present wish to go immediately,
you are obeying your parents and others older than yourselves, and your
cheerful obedience to them is the best evidence that you wish to act
upon a sense of duty, and not only from impulse; but don't think I wish
to discourage you. I thank Him who has put the good desire into your
hearts. Prove yourselves now by special prayer and meditation."

'Then came the happy, blessed service, the whole population present,
every confirmed person communicating, my voice trembling at the Fifth
Commandment and the end of the Prayer for the Church Militant, my heart
very full and thankful. I preached to them extempore, as one can preach
to no other congregation, from the lesson, "JESUS gone to be the guest
of a man that is a sinner," the consequences that would result in us
from His vouchsafing to tabernacle among us, and, as displayed in the
Parable of the Pounds, the use of God's gifts of health, influence,
means; then, specifying the use of God's highest gifts of children to be
trained to His glory, quoting 1 Samuel i. 27, 28, "lent to the Lord," I
spoke with an earnestness that felt strange to me at the time.

'Simon Young said afterwards: "My wife could not consent months ago
to Fisher's going away, but she has told me now that she consents. She
can't withhold him with the thought of holy Hannah in her mind." And I
felt as if I might apply (though not in the first sense) the prophecy
"Instead of thy fathers, thou shalt have children."

'To add to all, Mr. Nobbs said: "I have quite altered my mind about the
Melanesian school, I quite see that I was mistaken;" and the people are
considering how to connect themselves closely with us.

'You may imagine, dear Joan, that joy and grief made a strange, yet not
unhappy tumult in my mind. I came away at 3 P.M. (the wind being very
fair) hoping to revisit them, and, by the Bishop of Tasmania's desire,
hold a confirmation in six months' time. How I am longing to hear the
last record of the three days intervening between June 25 and 28, you
may well imagine.... Already, thank God, four months have passed, and
you are recovering from the great shock. Yours is a far harder trial
than mine. May God comfort and bless us all, and bring us to dwell with
our dear parents in heaven, for our blessed Lord's sake.

'Your very loving Brother,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


And this most touching account from within is supplemented by the
following, by Mr. Dudley, from without:--


'He took it [the tidings of his father's death] quite calmly. Evidently
it had been long expected and prepared for. He was even cheerful in his
quiet grave way. In the evening there was singing got up for him by some
of the Norfolk Islanders, in one of the large rooms of the old barracks.
He enjoyed it; and after it had gone on some time, he thanked them in a
few touching words that went home, I am sure, to the hearts of many of
them, and then we all knelt down, and he prayed extempore. I wish I had
kept the words of that prayer! Everyone was affected, knowing what was
then occupying his mind, but we were still more so next morning, at
the service in church. His voice had that peculiarly low and sweet tone
which always came into it when he was in great anxiety or sorrow, but
his appeal to the congregation was inspiring to the last degree. It was
the Twenty-third Sunday after Trinity, and the subject he took was from
the second lesson, the Parable of the Pounds, in St. Luke xix., and so
pointed out the difficulties between the reception of a talent and the
use of it. He showed that the fact of people's children growing up
as wild and careless as heathen was no proof that no grace had been
bestowed upon them; on the contrary, in the baptized it was there, but
it had never been developed; and then came the emphatic assertion,
"The best way of employing our gifts of whatever kind--children, means,
position--is by lending them to the Lord for His service, and then a
double blessing will be returned for that we give. Hannah giving her
child to the Lord, did she repent of it afterwards, think you, when she
saw him serving the Lord, the one upright man of the house of Israel?"'

No doubt these words were founded on those heartfelt assurances which
stirred his very soul within him that his own father had never for
a moment regretted or mourned over the gift unto the Lord, which had
indeed been costly, but had been returned, 'good measure, pressed
together, and flowing over,' in blessing! can I grieve and sorrow about
my dear dear Father's blessed end?' are the words in a letter to myself
written on the 19th. It further contained thanks for a photograph of
Hursley Church spire and Vicarage, which had been taken one summer
afternoon, at the desire of Dr. Moberly (the present Bishop of
Salisbury), and of which I had begged a copy for him. 'I shall like the
photograph of Hursley Vicarage and Church, the lawn and group upon
it. But most shall I like to think that Mr. Keble, and I dare say Dr.
Moberly too, pray for me and this Mission. I need the prayers of
all good people indeed.' I quote this sentence because it led to a
correspondence with both Mr. Keble and Dr. Moberly, which was equally
prized by the holy and humble men of heart who wrote and received the
letters:--


'St. Andrew's, Kohimarama: November 20, 1861.

'Thank you, my dearest Sophy, for your loving letters, and all your love
and devotion to him.

'I fear I do not write to those two dear sisters of mine as they and you
all expect and wish. I long to pour it all out; I get great relief in
talking, as at Taurarua I can talk to the dear Judge and Lady Martin.
She met me with a warm loving kiss that was intended to be as home-like
as possible, and for a minute I could not speak, and then said
falteringly, "It has been all one great mercy to the end. I have heard
at Norfolk Island." But I feel it still pent up to a great extent, and
yet I have a great sense of relief. I fancy I almost hear sometimes
the laboured breathing, the sudden stop--the "thanks be to God, he has
entered into his rest."

'What his letters are, I cannot even fully say to another, perhaps never
fully realise myself.

'As I write, the tears come, for it needs but a little to bring them
now, though I suppose the world without thinks that I "bear up," and go
on bravely.

'But when any little word or thought touches the feelings, the sensitive
rather than the intellectual part of me, then I break down.

'And yet it seems to bring thoughts and hopes into more definite shape.
How I read that magnificent last chapter of Isaiah last Sunday. I seemed
to feel my whole heart glowing with wonder, and exultation, and praise.
The world invisible may well be a reality to us, whose dear ones there
outnumber now those still in the flesh. Jem's most beautiful, most
intensely affecting letter, with all his thoughtfulness about the grave,
&c., fairly upset me. I let the Judge and Lady Martin read some parts of
it, and they returned it, saying it had quite overcome them. Now all
day I feel really as much as at those moments, only the special
circumstances give more expression at one time than at another to the
inward state of mind.

'How I treasure up many many of his words and actions!

'What a history in these words: "All times of the day are alike to me
now; getting near, I trust, the time when it will be all day."

'Those are the things that break me down. I see his dear face, and hear
him slowly and calmly saying such words of patient trust and faith, and
it is too much. Oh! that I might live as the son of such parents ought
to live!

'And then I turn to the practical duties again, and get lost in the
unceasing languages and all the rest of it.

'Now enough--but I write what comes uppermost.

'Your loving Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Very soon after the return, on the 6th December, 1861, an Ordination
was held at St. Paul's, Auckland, when the Primate ordained two Maori
deacons, and Bishop Patteson, the Rev. Benjamin Dudley.

Sir William and Lady Martin spent part of this summer in the little
cottage at Kohimarama where the sailing master of the late 'Southern
Cross' had lived: and again we have to thank her for a picture of life
at St. Andrew's. She says:--

'The new settlement was then thought to be healthy, and he and his boys
alike rejoiced in the warmth of the sheltered bay, after the keenness
of the air at St. John's on higher ground. The place looked very pretty.
The green fields and hawthorn hedges and the sleek cattle reminded one
of England. As a strong contrast, there was the white shelly beach and
yellow sands. Here the boys sunned themselves in play hours, or fished
on the rocks, or cooked their fish at drift-wood fires. On calm days one
or two would skim across the blue water in their tiny canoes. One great
charm of the place was the freedom and naturalness of the whole party.
There was no attempt to force an overstrained piety on these wild
fellows, who showed their sincerity by coming with the Bishop. By
five in the morning all were astir, and jokes and laughter and shrill
unaccountable cries would rouse us up, and go on all day, save when
school and chapel came to sober them.

'The Bishop had not lost his Eton tastes, and only liked to see them
play games, and the little fat merry-faced lads were always on the
look-out for a bit of fun with him. One evening a tea-drinking was given
in the hall in honour of us. The Mota boys sung in twilight the story of
the first arrival of the Mission vessel and of their wonder at it. The
air, with a monotonous, not unpleasing refrain, reminded us of some old
French Canadian ditties. I remember well the excitement when the Bishop
sent up a fire balloon. It sailed slowly towards the sea, and down
rushed the whole Melanesian party, shrieking with delight after it. Our
dear friend's own quarters were very tiny, and a great contrast to
his large airy room at St. John's. He occupied a corner house in the
quadrangle, to be close to the boys. Neither bedroom nor sitting-room
was more than ten feet square. Everything was orderly, as was his wont.
Photographs of the faces and places he loved best hung on the walls.
Just by the door was his standing desk, with folios and lexicons. A
table, covered with books and papers in divers languages, and a chair or
two, completed his stock of furniture. The door stood open all day long
in fine weather, and the Bishop was seldom alone. One or other of
the boys would steal quietly in and sit down. They did not need to be
amused, nor did they interrupt his work. They were quite content to be
near him, and to get now and then a kind word or a pleasant smile. It
was the habitual gentle sympathy and friendliness on his part that won
the confidence of the wild timid people who had been brought up in an
element of mistrust, and which enabled them after a while to come and
open their hearts to him.

'How vividly the whole scene comes back to me as I write! The Bishop's
calm thoughtful face, the dusky lads, the white-shelled square in front,
relieved by a mass of bright geraniums or gay creepers, the little
bed-room with its camp bed, and medicine bottles and good books, and,
too often, in spite of our loving remonstrances, an invalid shivering
with ague, or influenza, in possession. We knew that this involved
broken nights for him, and a soft board and a rug for a couch. He was
overtasking his powers during those years. He was at work generally from
five A.M. to eleven P.M., and this in a close atmosphere; for both the
schoolroom and his own house were ill-ventilated. He would not spare
time enough either for regular exercise. He had a horse and enjoyed
riding, but he grudged the time except when he had to come up to town on
business or to take Sunday services for the English in the country. It
was very natural, as he had all a student's taste for quiet study, yet
could only indulge it by cutting off his own hours for relaxation. He
was constantly called off during the day to attend to practical work,
teaching in school, prescribing for and waiting on the sick, weighing
out medicines, keeping the farm accounts, besides the night classes in
several languages.

'He was really never so happy as among his boys or his books. He had no
liking for general society, though his natural courteousness made him
shrink from seeming ungracious. He did thoroughly enjoy a real talk with
one or two friends at a time, but even this he denied himself.'

Fanny Patteson had spent several days at Hursley in the course of the
winter, and the Vicar and Mrs. Keble had greatly delighted in hearing
her brother's letters. The following letter from Mr. Keble was written,
as will be perceived, immediately after hearing the account of the
baptism of the dying child at Mota:--


'Hursley, February 19, 1862.

'My dear Bishop Patteson,--I seat myself down on a low chair between
the pictures of your uncle and your Metropolitan, and that by command of
your sister, who is on a footstool in the corner opposite, I to send two
words, she 200, or, for aught I know, 2,000, to greet you on the other
side of the world. We have the more right, as your kind sisters have
kept us well up to your Missionary doings from time to time, and we seem
to be very often with you on board or in your islands (I say we, for
my dear wife is more than half of me, as you may well suppose, in such
sympathies), and it seems to me that, perhaps, in the present state
of your island or sea-work you may have more time than by-and-by for
thinking of one and another; anyhow we trust that that may happen which
we ask for every evening--that we may be vouchsafed a part in the holy
prayers which have been that day offered to the Throne of Grace, in
Melanesia or elsewhere. I don't know whether I am right, but I fancy you
at times something between a Hermit and a Missionary. God grant you a
double blessing! and as you are a Bishop besides, you will breathe us a
blessing in return for this, such as it is. Fanny's visit has been, as
you know it would be, most charming and genial to us old folks (not that
my wife ought to be so spoken of), and I shall always think it so kind
of her to have spared us the time when she had so much to do and so
short a time to do it in; but she seems like one going about with a bag
of what Bishop Selwyn calls "hope-seed," and sowing it in everyplace;
yet when one comes to look close at it, it all consists of memories,
chiefly you know of whom. I only wish I could rightly and truly treasure
up all she has kindly told us of your dear Father; but it must be a
special grace to remember and really understand such things. It will be
a most peculiar satisfaction, now that we have had her with us in this
way, to think of you all three together, should God's Providence allow
the meeting of which we understand there is a hope. The last thing she
has told us of is the baptism on St. Barnabas' Day--"the first fruits
of Mota unto Christ." What a thought--what a subject for prayer and
thanksgiving! God grant it may prove to you more than we can ask or
think.

'Ever yours, my dear Bishop,

'J. K.

'Don't trouble yourself to write, but think of us.'


Of course there was no obeying this postscript, and the immediate reply
was:--


'My dear dear Mr. Keble,--Few things have ever given me more real
pleasure than the receipt of your letter by this mail. I never doubted
your interest in New Zealand and Melanesia, and your affection for me
for my dear Father's sake. I felt quite sure that prayers were being
offered up for us in many places, and where more frequently than at
Hursley? Even as on this day, five years ago, when I touched the reef
at Guadalcanar, in the presence of three hundred armed and naked men, (I
heard afterwards) prayers were being uttered in the dead of your night
by my dear old governess, Miss Neill, that God would have me in His
safe keeping. But it is most pleasant, most helpful to me, to read your
letter, and to feel that I have a kind of right now to write to you, as
I hope I may do while I live fully and freely.

'I do not say a word concerning the idea some of you in England seem to
take of my life here. It is very humbling to me, as it ought to be, to
read such a letter from you. How different it is really!

'If my dear sisters do come out to me for a while, which, after their
letters by this February mail, seems less impossible than before, they
will soon see what I mean: a missionary's life does not procure him any
immunity from temptations, nor from falling into them; though, thanks be
to God, it has indeed its rich and abundant blessings. It is a blessed
thing to draw a little fellow, only six months ago a wild little savage,
down upon one's knee, and hear his first confession of his past life,
and his shy hesitating account of the words he uses when he prays to his
newly-found God and Saviour. These are rare moments, but they do occur;
and, if they don't, why the duty is to work all the same.

'The intelligence of some of these lads and young men really surprises
me. Some with me now, last October were utterly wild, never had worn
a stitch of clothing, were familiar with every kind of vice. They
now write an account of a Scripture print, or answer my MS. questions
without copy, of course, fairly and legibly in their books, and read
their own language--only quite lately reduced to writing--with ease.
What an encouragement! And this applies to, I think, the great majority
of these islanders.

'One child, I suppose some thirteen or fourteen years of age, I baptized
on Christmas Day. Three days afterwards I married her to a young man who
had been for some years with us. They are both natives of Nengone, one
of the Loyalty Isles. I administered the Holy Eucharist to her last
Saturday, and she is dying peacefully of consumption. What a
blessed thing! This little one, fresh from Baptism, with all Church
ministrations round her, passing gently away to her eternal rest. She
looks at me with her soft dark eyes, and fondles my hand, and says she
is not unhappy. She has, I verily believe, the secret of real happiness
in her heart.

'I must write more when at sea. I have very little time here.

'I hope by God's blessing to make a long round among my many islands
this winter; some, I know, must be approached with great caution. Your
prayers will be offered for me and those with me, I know, and am greatly
comforted by the knowledge of it.

'Fanny tells me what you have said to her about supplying any deficit
in the money required for our vessel. I feel as if this ought not in one
sense to come upon you, but how can I venture to speak to you on such
matters? You know all that I think and feel about it. Send me more your
blessing. I feel cares and anxieties now. My kind love to Mrs. Keble.

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.'


Two more notes followed in quick succession to Hursley Vicarage, almost
entirely upon the matter of the new 'Southern Cross,' which was being
built under Mr. Tilly's eye. The two Bishops were scrupulous about
letting Mr. Keble give more than a fair proportion towards the vessel,
which was not to cost more than £3,000, though more roomy than her
lamented predecessor. Meantime the 'Sea Breeze' was 'again to serve for
the winter voyage:--


'St. Barnabas Day, Auckland: 1862.

'My dear Sisters,--Think of my being ashore, and in a Christian land on
this day. So it is. We sail (D.V.) in six days, as it may be this day
week. The Melanesians are very good and pretty well in health, but we
are all anxious to be in warm climates. I think that most matters are
settled. Primate and I have finished our accounts. Think of his wise
stewardship! The endowment in land and money, and no debts contracted! I
hope that I leave nothing behind me to cause difficulty, should anything
happen. The Primate and Sir William Martin are my executors; Melanesia,
as you would expect, my heir. I may have forgotten many items, personal
reminiscences. Ask for anything, should anything happen. I see no reason
to anticipate it, humanly speaking, but it is always well to think
of such things. I am just going to the little Taurarua chapel to our
Melanesian Commemoration service with Holy Communion.

'Oh! if it should please God to grant us a meeting here!

'Great blessings have been given me this summer in seeing the progress
made by the scholars, so great as to make me feel sober-minded and
almost fearful, but that is wrong and faithless perhaps, and yet surely
the trials must come some day.

'God bless you all, and keep you all safe from all harm.

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. PATTESON, Bishop.'


'Friday, June 27th, 2 P.M.--How you are thinking of all that took place
that last night on earth. He was taking his departure for a long voyage,
rather he was entering into the haven where he would be! May God give
us grace to follow his holy example, his patient endurance of his many
trials, the greatest his constant trial of deafness.

'I think if the weather be fair, that we shall go off to-morrow. Oh! if
we do meet, and spend, it may be, Christmas together.

28th, 3 P.M.--The first anniversary of our dear Father's death. How you
are all recalling what took place then! How full of thankfulness for his
gain, far outweighing the sorrow for our loss! And yet how you must
feel it, more than I do, and yet I feel it deeply: but the little fond
memories of the last months, and above all the looks and spoken words
of love, I can't altogether enter into them. His letters are all that
letters can be, more than any other letters can be, but they are not
the same thing in all ways. The Primate has left us to hurry down the
sailing master of the "Sea Breeze." It was a very rough morning, but is
calm now, boats passing and repassing between the shore and the schooner
at anchor off Kohimarama.'

The habit of writing journals was not at once resumed by Bishop Patteson
when his father was not there to read them; and the chance of seeing his
sisters, no doubt, made him write less fully to them, since they might
be on the voyage when the letters arrived in England. Thus the fullest
record of the early part of the voyage is in a report which he drew up
and printed in the form of a letter to the Rev. J. Keble:--

'We chartered the "Sea Breeze" schooner in June last for four months:
she is a vessel of seventy tons register, a little larger than the old
"Southern Cross," and as well suited for our purpose as a vessel can be
which is built to carry passengers in the ordinary way. No voyage can of
course equal in importance those early expeditions of the Primate, when
he sailed in his little schooner among seas unknown, to islands never
before visited, or visited only by the sandal-wood traders. But I never
recollect myself so remarkable a voyage as this last. I do not mean that
any new method was adopted in visiting islands, or communicating with
the natives. God gave to the Bishop of New Zealand wisdom to see and
carry out from the first the plan, which more and more approves itself
as the best and only feasible plan, for our peculiar work. But all
through this voyage, both in revisiting islands well known to us, and in
recommencing the work in other islands, where, amidst the multitude
of the Primate's engagements, it had been impossible to keep up our
acquaintance with the people, and in opening the way in islands now
visited for the first time, from the beginning to the end, it pleased
God to prosper us beyond all our utmost hopes. I was not only able to
land on many places where, as far as I know, no white man had set foot
before, but to go inland, to inspect the houses, canoes, &c., in crowded
villages (as at Santa Cruz), or to sit for two hours alone amidst a
throng of people (as at Pentecost Island), or to walk two and a half
miles inland (as at Tariko or Aspee). From no less than eight islands
have we for the first time received, young people for our school here,
and fifty-one Melanesian men, women, and young lads are now with
us, gathered from twenty-four islands, exclusive of the islands so
long-known to us of the Loyalty Group. When you remember that at Santa
Cruz, e.g., we had never landed before, and that this voyage I was
permitted to go ashore at seven different places in one day, during
which I saw about 1,200 men: that in all these islands the inhabitants
are, to look at, wild, naked, armed with spears and clubs, or bows and
poisoned arrows; that every man's hand (as, alas! we find only too
soon when we live among them) is against his neighbour, and scenes of
violence and bloodshed amongst themselves of frequent occurrence; and
that throughout this voyage (during which I landed between seventy and
eighty times) not one hand was lifted up against me, not one sign
of ill-will exhibited; you will see why I speak and think with real
amazement and thankfulness of a voyage accompanied with results so
wholly unexpected. I say results, for the effecting a safe landing on
an island, and much more the receiving a native lad from it, is, in
this sense, a result, that the great step has been made of commencing an
acquaintance with the people. If I live to make another voyage, I shall
no longer go ashore there as a stranger. I know the names of some of the
men; I can by signs remind them of some little present made, some little
occurrence which took place; we have already something in common, and as
far as they know me at all, they know me as a friend. Then some lad
is given up to us, the language learned, and a real hold on the island
obtained.

'The most distant point we reached was the large island Ysabel, in the
Solomon Archipelago. From this island a lad has come away with us, and
we have also a native boy from an island not many miles distant from
Ysabel, called Anudha, but marked in the charts (though not correctly)
as Florida.

'It would weary you if I wrote of all the numerous adventures and
strange scenes which in such a voyage we of course experience. I will
give you, if I can, an idea of what took place at some few islands, to
illustrate the general character of the voyage.

'One of the New Hebrides Islands, near the middle of the group, was
discovered by Cook, and by him called "Three Hills." The central part of
it, where we have long-had an acquaintance with the natives, is called
by them "Mai." Some six years ago we landed there, and two young men
came away with us, and spent the summer in New Zealand. Their names were
Petere and Laure; the former was a local chief of some consequence. We
took a peculiar interest in this island, finding that a portion of
the population consists of a tribe speaking a dialect of the great
Polynesian language of which another dialect is spoken in New Zealand.
Every year we have had scholars from Mai, several of whom can read and
write. We have landed there times without number, slept ashore three or
four times, and are well known of course to the inhabitants.

'The other day I landed as usual among a crowd of old acquaintances,
painted and armed, but of that I thought nothing. Knowing them to be
so friendly to us, instead of landing alone, I took two or three of
our party to walk inland with me; and off we started, Mr. Dudley and
Wadrokala being left sitting in the boat, which was, as usual, a short
distance from the beach. We had walked about half a mile before I
noticed something unusual in the manner of the people, and I overheard
them talking in a way that made me suspect that something had happened
which they did not want me to know. Petere had not made his appearance,
though in general the first to greet us, and on my making enquiries for
him, I was told that he was not well. Not long afterwards I overheard
a man say that Petere was dead, and taking again some opportunity that
offered itself for asking about him, was told that he was dead, that he
had died of dysentery. I was grieved to hear this, because I liked
him personally and had expected help from him when the time came for
commencing a Mission station on the island. The distance from the beach
to the village where Petere lived is about one and a half mile, and
a large party had assembled before we reached it. There was a great
lamentation and crying on our arrival, during which I sat down on a
large log of a tree. Then came a pause, and I spoke to the people,
telling them how sorry I was to hear of Petere's death. There was
something strange still about their manner, which I could not quite make
out; and one of our party, who was not used to the kind of thing, did
not like the looks of the people and the clubs and spears. At last one
of them, an old scholar of ours, came forward and said, "The men here do
not wish to deceive you; they know that you loved Petere, and they will
not hide the truth; Petere was killed by a man in a ship, a white man,
who shot him in the forehead." Of course I made minute enquiries as to
the ship, the number of masts, how many people they saw, whether there
was anything remarkable about the appearance of any person on board, &c.
The men standing round us were a good deal excited, but the same story
was told by them all.

'After a while I walked back to the beach, no indication having been
made of unfriendliness, but I had not gone more than a quarter of a
mile when three men rushed past me from behind, and ran on to the beach.
Meanwhile Mr. Dudley and Wadrokala in the boat were rather uneasy at
the manner of the people standing near them on the reef; and they too
suspected that something unusual had occurred. Presently they saw these
three men rush out of the bush on to the beach and distribute "kava"
(leaves of the pepper plant) among the people, who at once changed their
manner, became quite friendly and soon dispersed. It was quite evident
that a discussion had taken place on shore as to the treatment we were
to receive; and these men on the beach were awaiting the result of the
discussion, prepared to act accordingly. There was scarcely any danger
in our case of their deciding to injure us, because they knew us well;
but had we been strangers we should have been killed of course; their
practice being, naturally enough, to revenge the death of a countryman
on the arrival of the next man who comes from what they suppose to be
their enemies' country.

'This story may show you that caution is necessary long after the time
that a real friendship has commenced and been carried on. We never can
tell what may have taken place during the intervals of our visits. I
returned to the village, with Mr. Kerr and Mr. Dudley and slept ashore,
thinking it right to restore mutual confidence at once; and there was
not the slightest risk in doing so.

'Now let me tell you about an island called Ambrym, lying to the
south of Aurora and Pentecost, the two northernmost islands of the New
Hebrides group.

'Ambrym is a grand island, with a fine active volcano, so active on this
last occasion of our visiting it, that we were covered and half-blinded
by the ashes; the deck was thickly covered with them, and the sea
for miles strewed with floating cinders. We have repeatedly landed in
different parts of the island, but this time we visited an entirely new
place. There was a considerable surf on the beach, and I did not like
the boat to go near the shore, partly on that account, but chiefly
because our rule is not to let the boat approach too near the beach lest
it should be hauled up on shore by the people and our retreat to the
schooner cut off. So I beckoned to some men in a canoe (for I could not
speak a word of the language), who paddled up to us, and took me ashore.

'As I was wading to the beach, an elderly man came forward from the
crowd to the water's edge, where he stood holding both his arms uplifted
over his head. Directly that I reached him, he took my hand, and put it
round his neck, and turned to walk up the beach. As I walked along with
him through the throng of men, more than three hundred in number, my arm
all the while round his neck, I overheard a few words which gave me some
slight clue as to the character of their language, and a very few words
go a long way on such occasions. We went inland some short distance,
passing through part of a large village, till we came to a house with
figures, idols or not, I hardly know, placed at some height above the
door.

'They pointed to these figures and repeated a name frequently, not
unlike the name of one of the gods of some of the islands further to the
north; then they struck the hollow tree, which is their native drum, and
thronged close round me, while I gave away a few fish-hooks, pieces of
red braid, &c. I asked the names of some of the people, and of objects
about me, trees, birds, &c. I was particularly struck with two boys who
kept close to me. After some time I made signs that I would return to
the beach, and we began to move away from the village; but I was soon
stopped by some men, who brought me two small trees, making signs that I
should plant them.

'When I returned to the beach, the two boys were still with me, and I
took their hands and walked on amidst the crowd. I did not imagine that
they would come away with me, and yet a faint hope of their doing so
sprang up in my mind, as I still found them holding my hands, and even
when I began to wade towards the boat still close by my side in the
water. All this took place in the presence of several hundred natives,
who allowed these boys to place themselves in the boat and be taken on
board the schooner.

'I was somewhat anxious about revisiting an island called Tikopia.
Once we were there, five or six years ago. The island is small, and the
inhabitants probably not more than three hundred or four hundred. They
are Polynesians, men of very large stature, rough in manner, and not
very easily managed. I landed there and waded across the reef among
forty or fifty men. On the beach a large party assembled. I told them
in a sort of Polynesian patois, that I wished to take away two lads from
their island, that I might learn their language, and come back and teach
them many things for their good. This they did not agree to. They said
that some of the full-grown men wished to go away with me; but to this
I in my turn could not agree. These great giants would be wholly
unmanageable in our school at present. I went back to the edge of the
reef--about three hundred yards--and got into the boat with two men;
we rowed off a little way, and I attempted, more quietly than the noisy
crowd on shore would allow, to explain to them my object in coming
to them. After a while we pulled back to the reef, and I waded ashore
again; but I could not induce them to let me take any one away who was
at all eligible for the school. Still I was very thankful to have been
able twice to land and remain half an hour or more on shore among the
people. Next year (D.V.) I may be able to see more of them, and perhaps
may obtain a scholar, and so open the island. It is a place visited
by whalers, but they never land here, and indeed the inhabitants are
generally regarded as dangerous fellows to deal with, so I was all the
more glad to have made a successful visit.

'Nothing could have been more delightful than the day I spent in making
frequent landings on the north side of Santa Cruz. This island was
visited by Spaniards, under the command of Mendana, nearly three hundred
years ago. They attempted to found a colony there, but after a short
time were compelled, by illness and the death of Mendana and his
successor, to abandon their endeavour. It is apparently a very fertile
island, certainly a very populous one. The inhabitants are very
ingenious, wearing beautiful ornaments, making good bags woven of grass
stained with turmeric, and fine mats. Their arrows are elaborately
carved, and not less elaborately poisoned: their canoes well made and
kept in good order. We never before landed on this island; but the
Primate, long before I was in this part of the world, and two or three
times since, had sailed and rowed into the bay at the north-west end,
called Graciosa Bay, the fine harbour in which the Spaniards anchored. I
went ashore this last voyage in seven different places, large crowds
of men thronging down to the water's edge as I waded to the beach. They
were exceedingly friendly, allowed me to enter the houses, sit down and
inspect their mode of building them. They brought me food to eat; and
when I went out of the houses again, let me examine the large sea-going
canoes drawn up in line on the beach. I wrote down very many names, and
tried hard to induce some young people to come away with me, but after
we had pulled off some way, their courage failed them, and they swam
back to the shore.

'Two or three of the men took off little ornaments and gave them to
me; one bright pretty boy especially I remember, who took off his shell
necklace and put it round my neck, making me understand, partly by
words, but more by signs, that he was afraid to come now, but would do
so if I returned, as I said, in eight or ten moons.

'Large baskets of almonds were given me, and other food also thrown into
the boat. I made a poor return by giving some fish-hooks and a tomahawk
to the man whom I took to be the person of most consequence. On shore
the women came freely up to me among the crowd, but they were afraid to
venture down to the beach. Now this is the island about which we have
long felt a great difficulty as to the right way of obtaining any
communication with the natives. This year, why and how I cannot tell,
the way was opened beyond all expectation. I tried hard to get back from
the Solomon Islands so as to revisit it again during the voyage, but we
could not get to the eastward, as the trade-wind blew constantly from
that quarter.

'At Leper's Island I had just such another day--or rather two days were
spent in making an almost complete visitation of the northern part of
the island--the people were everywhere most friendly, and I am hoping to
see them all again join us soon, when some may be induced to.

'It would be the work of days to tell you all our adventures. How at
Malanta I picked two lads out of a party of thirty-six in a grand war
canoe going on a fighting expedition--and very good fellows they are;
how we filled up our water-casks at Aurora, standing up to our necks
in the clear cool stream rushing down from a cataract above, with the
natives assisting us in the most friendly manner; how at Santa Maria,
which till this year we never visited without being shot at, I walked
for four or five hours far inland wherever I pleased, meeting great
crowds of men all armed and suspicious of each other--indeed actually
fighting with each other--but all friendly to me; how at Espiritu Santo,
when I had just thrown off my coat and tightened my belt to swim ashore
through something of a surf, a canoe was launched, and without more ado
a nice lad got into our boat and came away with us, without giving me
the trouble of taking a swim at all; how at Florida Island, never before
reached by us, one out of some eighty men, young and old, standing all
round me on the reef, to my astonishment returned with me to the boat,
and without any opposition from the people quietly seated himself by my
side and came away to the schooner; how at Pentecost Island, Taroniara
(a lad whom the Primate in old days had picked up in his canoe paddling
against a strong head wind, and kept him on board all night, and sent
him home with presents in the morning) now came away with me, but
not without his bow and poisoned arrows, of which I have taken safe
possession; how Misial felt sea-sick and home-sick for a day or two,
but upon being specially patronised by the cook, soon declared "that no
place could compare with the galley of a Mission vessel," to the truth
of which declaration the necessity of enlarging his scanty garments soon
bore satisfactory testimony; how at Ysabel the young chief came on board
with a white cockatoo instead of a hawk on his wrist, which he presented
to me with all the grace in the world, and with an enquiry after his
good friend Captain Hume, of H.M.S. "Cordelia," who had kindly taken me
to this island in the winter of 1861.'

To this may be added some touches from the home letter of August 27, off
Vanikoro:--

'I don't deny that I am thankful that the Tikopia visit is well over.
The people are so very powerful and so independent and unmanageable,
that I always have felt anxious about visiting them. Once we were there
in 1856, and now again. I hope to keep on visiting them annually. Sydney
traders have been there, but have never landed; they trade at arm's
length from their boat and are well armed. It is a strange sensation,
sitting alone (say) 300 yards from the boat, which of course can't be
trusted in their hands, among 200 or more of people really gigantic. No
men have I ever seen so large--huge Patagonian limbs, and great heavy
hands clutching up my little weak arms and shoulders. Yet it is not a
sensation of fear, but simply of powerlessness; and it makes one think,
as I do when among them, of another Power present to protect and defend.

'They perfectly understood my wish to bring away lads. Full-grown
Brobdignag men wished to come, and some got into the boat who were not
easily got out of it again. Boys swam off, wishing to come, but the
elder people prevented it, swimming after them and dragging them back.
It was a very rough, blustering day; but even on such a day the lee side
of the island is a beautiful sight, one mass of cocoa-nut trees, and the
villages so snugly situated among the trees.

'Just been up the rigging to get a good look at this great encircling
reef at Vanikoro. Green water as smooth as glass, inside the reef for
a mile, and then pretty villages; but there is no passage through the
reef, it is a continuous breakwater. We are working up towards a part
of the reef where I think there may be a passage. Anyhow I am gaining a
good local knowledge of this place, and that saves time another year.

'The ten lads on board talk six languages, not one of which do I know;
but as I get words and sentences from them, I see how they will "work
in" with the general character of the language of which I have several
dialects. It is therefore not very difficult to get on some little way
into all at once; but I must not be disappointed if I find that
other occupations take me away too much for my own pleasure from this
particular branch of my work.'

A long letter to Sir John T. Coleridge gives another aspect of the
voyage:--


'"Sea Breeze" Schooner: off Rennell Island. 'Therm. 89° in shade; lat.
11° 40', long. 160° 18' 5". 'September 7, 1862.

'My dear Uncle,--I can hardly keep awake for the unusually great heat.
The wind is northerly, and it is very light, indeed we are almost
becalmed, so you will have a sleepy letter, indeed over my book I was
already nodding. I think it better to write to you (though on a Sunday)
than to sleep. What a compliment! But I shall grow more wakeful as I
write. Perhaps my real excuse for writing is that I feel to-day much
oppressed with the thought of these great islands that I have been
visiting, and I am sadly disappointed in some of my scholars from San
Cristoval.

'Leaving New Zealand on June 20th, I sailed to Norfolk Island, where I
held my first Confirmation. By desire of the Bishop of Tasmania, I
act as Bishop for the Norfolk Islanders. This was, as you know, a very
solemn time for me; sixteen dear children were confirmed. Since that
time I have visited very many islands with almost unequalled success, as
far as effecting landings, opening communication, and receiving native
lads are concerned. I have on board natives from many places from which
we have never received them before. Many I have left with Mr. Dudley and
Mr. Pritt on Mota Island at school, but I have now twenty-one, speaking
eleven languages. At many places where we had never landed, I was
received well.

'The state of things, too, in the Banks Islands is very encouraging.
What do you think of my having two married (after their fashion) couples
on board from the Solomon Islands (San Cristoval and Contrariete)? This
was effected with some difficulty. Both the men are old scholars, of
course. I ought therefore to be most thankful; and yet my heart is
sad because, after promises given by Grariri and his wife, Parenga and
Kerearua (all old scholars, save Mrs. Garm), not one came away with me
yesterday, and I feel grieved at the loss of my dear boys, who can read
and write, and might be taught so much now! It is all very faithless;
but I must tell it all to you, for indeed I do not feel as if I had
any right to expect it otherwise, but in the moment of perceiving and
confessing that it is very good for me, I find out for the first time
how much my heart was set upon having them.

'And then San Cristoval, sixty miles long, with its villages and
languages, and Malanta over eighty miles long, and Guadalcanar, seventy!
It is a silly thought or a vain, human wish, but I feel as if I longed
to be in fifty or a hundred places at once. But God will send qualified
men in good time. In the meanwhile (for the work must be carried on
mainly by native teachers gathered from each island), as some fall off I
must seek to gain others. Even where lads are only two, or even one year
with mer and then apparently fall back to what they were before, some
good may be done, the old teaching may return upon them some day, and
they may form a little nucleus for good, though not now.

'As for openings for men of the right sort, they abound. Really if I
were free to locate myself on an island instead of going about to all, I
hardly know to which of some four or five I ought to go. But it is of
no use to have men who are not precisely the kind of men wanted. Somehow
one can't as yet learn to ask men to do things that one does oneself
as a matter of course. It needs a course of training to get rid of
conventional notions. I think that Norfolk Island may supply a few, a
very few fellows able to be of use, and perhaps New Zealand will do so,
and I have the advantage of seeing and knowing them. I don't think that
I must expect men from England, I can't pay them well; and it is so very
difficult to give a man on paper any idea of what his life will be in
Melanesia or Kohimarama. So very much that would be most hazardous to
others has ceased to be so to me, because I catch up some scrap of the
language talked on the beach, and habit has given an air of coolness and
assurance. But this does not come all at once, and you cannot talk
about all this to others. I feel ashamed as I write it even to you. They
bother me to put anecdotes of adventures into our Report, but I cannot.
You know no one lands on these places but myself, and it would be no
good to tell stories merely to catch somebody's ear. It was easier to do
so when the Bishop and I went together, but I am not training up anyone
to be the visitor, and so I don't wish anybody else to go with me.
Besides Mr. Pritt and Mr. Dudley are bad swimmers, and Mr. Kerr not
first-rate. My constant thought is "By what means will God provide for
the introduction of Christianity into these islands," and my constant
prayer that He will reveal such means to me, and give me grace to use
them.

'What reality there is in such a work as this! What continual need of
guidance and direction! I here see before me now an island stretching
away twenty-five miles in length! Last night I left one sixty miles
long. I know that hundreds are living there ignorant of God, wild men,
cannibals, addicted to every vice. I know that Christ died for them, and
that the message is for them, too. How am I to deliver it? How find an
entrance among them? How, when I have learnt their language, speak to
them of religion, so as not to introduce unnecessary obstacles to the
reception of it, nor compromise any of its commands?

'Thank God I can fall back upon many solid points of comfort--chiefest
of all, He sees and knows it all perfectly. He sees the islanders too,
and loves them, how infinitely more than I can! He desires to save them.
He is, I trust, sending me to them. He will bless honest endeavours
to do His will among them. And then I think how it must all appear to
angels and saints, how differently they see these things. Already, to
their eyes, the light is breaking forth in Melanesia; and I take great
comfort from this thought, and remember that it does not matter whether
it is in my time, only I must work on. And then I think of the prayers
of the Church, ascending continually for the conversion of the heathen;
and I know that many of you are praying specially for the heathen of
Melanesia. And so one's thoughts float out to India, and China, and
Japan, and Africa, and the islands of the sea, and the very vastness of
the work raises one's thoughts to God, as the only One by whom it must
be done.

'Now, dear Uncle, I have written all this commonplace talk, not
regarding its dulness in your eyes, but because I felt weary and also
somewhat overwrought and sad; and it has done me much good, and given me
a happy hour.

'We had our service on board this morning, and the Holy Eucharist
afterwards; Mr. Kerr, two Norfolk Islanders, a Maori, and a Nengone man
present. I ought not to be faint-hearted. My kind love to Aunt and Mary.

'Your affectionate and dutiful Nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.'


The climate of Mota had again disagreed with Mr. Dudley, who was laid up
with chronic rheumatism nearly all the time he was there; and the Bishop
returned from his voyage very unwell; but Mr. Pritt happily was strong
and active, and the elder Banks Island scholars were very helpful, both
in working and teaching, so that the schools went on prosperously, and
the custom of carrying weapons in Mota was dropped.

On November 7 the 'Sea Breeze' was again in harbour; and on the 15th,
after mature consideration, was written this self-sacrificing letter:--


'St. Andrew's: November 15, 1862.

'My dearest Sisters,--I returned from a voyage unusually interesting and
prosperous on the 7th of this month; absent just nineteen weeks. We were
in all on board seventy-one.

'I found all your letters from April to August 25. How thankful I am to
see and know what I never doubted, the loving manner in which my first
and later letters about New Zealand were taken. How wise of you to
perceive that in truth my judgment remained all through unaltered,
though my feelings were strongly moved, indeed the good folk here begged
me to reconsider my resolution, thinking no doubt kindly for me that it
would be so great a joy to me to see you. Of course it would; were there
no other considerations that we already know and agree upon, what joy so
great on earth! But I feel sure that we are right. Thank God that we
can so speak, think, and act with increasing affection and trust in each
other!

'The more I think of it, the more I feel "No, it would not do! It would
not be either what Joan expects or what Fan expects. They look at it in
some ways alike--i.e., in the matter of seeing me, which both equally
long to do. In some ways they regard it differently. But it would not
to one or the other be the thing they hope and wish for. They would
both feel (what yet they would not like to acknowledge) disappointment."
Though, therefore, I could not help feeling often during the voyage,
"What if I hear that they may be with me by Christmas!" yet it was not
exactly unwelcome to hear that you do not come. I recognised at once
your reading of my letters as the right one; and my feelings, strong
as they are, give way to other considerations, especially when, from my
many occupations, I have very little time to indulge them.

'But for the thought of coming, and your great love to me, I thank you,
dear ones, with all my heart. May God bless you for it!...

'Good-bye, my dear Sisters; we are together in heart at all events.

'Your loving Brother, 'J. C. P.'

The judgment had decided that the elder sister especially would suffer
more from the rough life at Kohimarama than her brother could bear that
she should undergo, when he could give her so little of his society as
compensation, without compromising his own decided principle that all
must yield to the work. Perhaps he hardly knew how much he betrayed
of the longing, even while deciding against its gratification; but his
sisters were wise enough to act on his judgment, and not on their own
impulse; and the events of the next season proved that he had been
right. To Sir John Coleridge he wrote:--


'Kohimarama: November 15, 1862.

'My dear Uncle,--I should indeed, as you say, delight to have a ramble
in the old scenes, and a good unburthening of thoughts conceived during
the past seven or eight years.

'And yet you see I could not try the experiment of those dear good
sisters of mine coming out. It would not have been what they expected
and meant to come out to. I am little seen by any but Melanesians, and
quite content that it should be so. I can't do what I want with them,
nor a tenth part of it as it is. I cannot write to you of this last
voyage--in many respects a most remarkable one--indicating, if I am not
over hopeful, a new stage in our Mission work. Many islands yielding
scholars for the first time; old scholars, with but few exceptions,
steadfast and rapidly improving; no less than fifty-seven Melanesians
here now from twenty-four islands, exclusive of the Loyalty Islands,
and five bright Pitcairners, from twenty-four to sixteen, helpful,
good, conscientious lads. There are eight languages that I do not know,
besides all the rest; yet I can see that they are all links in the great
chain of dialects of the great "Pacific language,"--yet dialects very
far removed sometimes from one another.

'I find it not very easy to comply with reasonable demands from men in
Europe, who want to know about these things. If I had time and ability,
I think I should enjoy really going into philology. I get books sent me
from people such as Max Muller, Grabalentz, &c.; and if I write to them
at all, it is useless to write anything but an attempt at classification
of the dialects; and that is difficult, for there are so many, and
it takes so long to explain to another the grounds upon which I feel
justified in connecting dialects and calling them cognate. It becomes an
instinct almost, I suppose, with people in the trade.

'But I hardly know how far I ought to spend any time in such things.
Elementary grammars for our own missionaries and teachers are useful,
and the time is well spent in writing them. Hence it is that I do not
write longer letters. Oh! how I enjoy writing un-business letters; but I
can't help it--it's part of my business now to write dull Reports--i.e.
reports that I can't help making dull, and all the rest of it....

'I cannot write about Bishop Mackenzie. Mr. Pritt (at 9.30 P.M. the
night we landed) put his head into my room and said, "Bishop Mackenzie
is dead," and I sat and sat on and knelt and could not take it all in! I
cannot understand what the papers say of his modus operandi, yet I know
that it was an error of judgment, if an error at all, and there may be
much which we do not know. So I suspend my opinion.'

In a letter to myself, written by the same mail, in reply to one in
which I had begged him to consider what was the sight, to a Christian
man, of slaves driven off with heavy yokes on their necks, and whether
it did not justify armed interposition, he replies with arguments that
it is needless now to repeat, but upholding the principle that
the shepherd is shepherd to the cruel and erring as well as to the
oppressed, and ought not to use force. The opinion is given most humbly
and tenderly, for he had a great veneration for his brother Missionary
Bishop. Commenting on the fact that Bishop Selwyn's speech at Cambridge
had made Charles Mackenzie a missionary, and that he would gladly have
hailed an invitation to the Australasian field of labour, the letter
proceeds:--

'How wonderful it is to reflect upon the events of the last few years!
Had he come out when I did to New Zealand, I might be now his Missionary
Chaplain; and yet it is well that there should be two missionary
dioceses, and without the right man for the African Mission, there might
have been a difficulty in carrying out the plan.

'The chapel is not built yet, for I have sixty mouths to feed, and other
buildings must be thought of for health's sake. But I have settled all
that in my will.'

'In a postscript is mentioned the arrival of some exquisite altar plate
for the College chapel, which had been offered by a lady, who had also
bountifully supplied with chronometers and nautical instruments the
'Southern Cross,' which was fast being built at Southampton.

The above letter was accompanied by one to Dr. Moberly:--


'St. Andrew's College, Kohimarama: Nov. 18, 1862.

'My dear Dr. Moberly,--Thank you heartily for writing to me. It is
a real help to me and to others also, I think, of my party to be in
communication with those whom we have long respected, and whose prayers
we now more than ever earnestly ask. We returned on November 7 from a
very remarkable voyage.

'I was nineteen weeks absent all but a day: sailed far beyond our most
distant island in my previous voyage, landed nearly eighty times amidst
(often) 300 and more natives, naked, armed, &c., and on no less than
thirty or forty places never trodden before (as far as I know) by the
foot of a white man. Not one arm was lifted up against me, not one bow
drawn or spear shaken. I think of it all quietly now with a sort of
wondering thankfulness.

'From not less than eight islands we have now for the first time
received native lads; and not only are openings being thus made for us
in many directions, but the permanent training of our old scholars is
going on most favourably; so that by the blessing of God we hope, at
all events in the Banks Islands, to carry on continuously the Mission
Schools during the winter and summer also. We have spent the three last
winters here, but it would not be wise to run the risk of the damp hot
climate in the summer. Natives of the island must do this, and thank God
there are natives being raised up now to do it. The enclosed translation
of a note. It is but three or four years since the language was reduced
to writing, and here is a young man writing down his thoughts to me
after a long talk about the question of his being baptized.

'Four others there are soon, by God's blessing, to be baptized
also--Sarawia from Vanua Lava, Tagalana from Aroa, Pasvorang from
Eowa, Woleg from Mota, and others are pressing on; Taroniara from San
Cristoval, Kanambat from New Caledonia, &c. I tell you their names, for
you will I know, remember them in your prayers.

'Will you kindly let Mr. Keble see the enclosed note? It does not, of
course, give much idea of the lad's state of mind; but he is thoroughly
in earnest, and as for his knowledge of his duty there can be no
question there. He really knows his Catechism. I have scarcely a minute
to write by this mail. Soon you will have, I hope, a sketch of our last
voyage. We remember you all, benefactors and benefactresses, daily.
Thank you again for writing to me: it humbles me, as it ought to do, to
receive such a letter from you.

'Very faithfully yours,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.'


These names deserve note: Sarawia the first to be ordained of the
Melanesian Church; and Taroniara, who was to share his Bishop's death.
B----, as will be seen, has had a far more chequered course. Tagalana
is described in another letter as having the thoughtfulness of one who
knows that he has the seeds of early death in him; but he, the living
lectern at the consecration, has lived to be the first deacon of his
island of Aroa.

The ensuing is to the Rev. Derwent Coleridge, at that time Principal
of St. Mark's Training College, Chelsea, upon the question whether that
institution would afford assistants:--


'Auckland, New Zealand: Nov. 15, 1862.

'My dear Cousin,--You will not be surprised, I hope, to hear from me;
I only wish I had written to you long ago. But until quite recently
we could not speak with so much confidence concerning the Melanesian
Mission, and it is of little use to write vaguely on matters which I am
anxious now to make known to you.

'The general plan of the Mission you may get some notion of from the
last year's Report (which I send), and possibly you may have heard or
seen something about it in former years. This last voyage of nineteen
weeks, just concluded, has determined me to write to you; for the time
is come when we want helpers indeed, and I think that you will expect me
naturally to turn to you.

'It is not only that very many islands throughout the South Pacific,
from the Loyalty Islands on to the northwest as far as Ysabel Island in
the Solomon group, are now yielding up scholars and affording
openings for Mission stations, though this indeed is great matter for
thankfulness; but there is, thank God, a really working staff gathered
round us from the Banks Archipelago, which affords a definite field,
already partially occupied with a regular system at work in it; and here
young persons may receive the training most needed for them, actually
on a heathen island, though soon not to be without some few Christians
amongst its population. Now I can say to anyone willing and qualified to
help me:--

'In the six summer months there is the central school work in New
Zealand, where now there are with me fifty-one Melanesians from
twenty-four islands, speaking twenty-three languages; and in the six
winter months there is a station regularly occupied on Mota Island,
where all the necessary experience of life in the islands can be
acquired.

'I am not in any hurry for men. Norfolk Island has given me five young
fellows from twenty-one to sixteen years of age, who already are very
useful. One has been with me a year, another four months. They are
given unreservedly into my hands, and already are working well into our
school, taking the superintendence of our cooking, e.g., off our hands;
with some help from us, they will be very useful at once as helpers on
Mota, doing much in the way of gardening, putting up huts, &c., which
will free us for more teaching work, &c., and they are being educated
by us with an eye to their future employment (D.V.) as missionaries. I
would not wish for better fellows; their moral and religious conduct is
really singularly good--you know their circumstances and the character
of the whole community. But I should be thankful by-and-by to have men
equally willing to do anything, yet better educated in respect of book
knowledge. No one is ever asked to do what we are not willing to do, and
generally in the habit of doing ourselves--cooking, working, &c., &c.
But the Melanesian lads really do all this kind of work now. I have
sixty mouths to fill here now; and Melanesian boys, told out week by
week, do the whole of the cooking (simple enough, of course) for us
all with perfect punctuality. I don't think any particular taste for
languages necessary at all. Anyone who will work hard at it can learn
the language of the particular class assigned to him. Earnest, bright,
cheerful fellows, without that notion of "making sacrifices," &c.,
perpetually occurring to their minds, would be invaluable. You know
the kind of men, who have got rid of the conventional notion that more
self-denial is needed for a missionary than for a sailor or soldier,
who are sent anywhere, and leave home and country for years, and think
nothing of it, because they go "on duty." Alas! we don't so read our
ordination vows. A fellow with a healthy, active tone of mind, plenty
of enterprise and some enthusiasm, who makes the best of everything, and
above all does not think himself better than other people because he
is engaged in Mission work--that is the fellow we want. I assume, of
course, the existence of sound religious principle as the greatest
qualification of all. Now, if there be any young persons whom you could
wish to see engaged in this Mission now at St. Mark's, or if you know
of any such and feel justified in speaking to them, you will be doing a
great kindness to me, and, I believe, aiding materially in this work.

'I should not wish at all any young man to be pledged to anything; as on
my part I will not pledge myself to accept, much less ordain, any man
of whom I have no personal knowledge. But let anyone really in earnest,
with a desire and intention (as far as he is concerned) to join the
Mission, come to me about December or January in any year. Then he
will live at the Mission College till the end of April, and can see for
himself the mode of life at the Central Summer School in New Zealand.
Then let him take a voyage with me, see Melanesians in their own homes,
stop for a while at Mota--e.g. make trial of the climate, &c., &c., and
then let me have my decisive talk with him.

'If he will not do for the work, I must try and find other employment
for him in some New Zealand diocese, or help to pay his passage home.
I don't think such a person as you would recommend would fail to make
himself useful; but I must say plainly that I would rather not have a
man from England at all, than be bound to accept a man who might not
thoroughly and cordially work into the general system that we have
adopted. We live together entirely, all meals in common, same cabin,
same hut, and the general life and energy of us all would be damaged by
the introduction of any one discordant element. You will probably say,
"Men won't go out on these terms," and this is indeed probable, yet
if they are the right fellows for this work--a work wholly anomalous,
unlike all other work that they have thought of in many respects--they
will think that what I say is reasonable, and like the prospect all
the better (I think) because they see that it means downright work in a
cheery, happy, hopeful, friendly spirit.

'A man who takes the sentimental view of coral islands and cocoa-nuts,
of course, is worse than useless; a man possessed with the idea that he
is making a sacrifice will never do; and a man who thinks any kind of
work "beneath a gentleman" will simply be in the way, and be rather
uncomfortable at seeing the Bishop do what he thinks degrading to do
himself. I write all this quite freely, wishing to convey, if possible,
some idea to you of the kind of men we need. And if the right fellow is
moved by God's grace to come out, what a welcome we will give him, and
how happy he will soon be in a work the abundant blessings of which none
can know as we know them. There are three clergymen with me. Mr. Pritt,
who came out with the Bishop of Nelson as his chaplain, but who, I am
thankful to say, is regularly part and parcel of the Mission staff; Mr.
Dudley, ordained last year, who for six years has been in the Mission,
and has had the special advantage of being trained under the Primate's
eye; and Mr. Kerr who was also ordained about ten months ago.

'I give 100 pounds to a clergyman when ordained, increasing it
101 annually to a maximum of 150 pounds. But this depends upon
subscriptions, &c. I could not pledge myself even to this, except in the
case of a man very highly recommended. But of this I will write more.

'Again let me say that I do not want anyone yet, not this year. I shall
be off again (D.V.) in the beginning of May 1863, for six months; and
if then I find on my return (D.V.) in November, letters from you, either
asking me to write with reference to any young man, or informing me that
one is on the way out, that will be quite soon enough.

'I need not say I don't expect any such help so soon, if at all.

'Finally, pray don't think that I underrate the great advantage of
having such persons as St. Mark's produces; but I write guardedly. My
kind love to Mrs. Derwent.

'Affectionately yours,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.'


On the 29th of December, after two pages of affectionate remarks on
various family incidents, the letter proceeds:--

'We are having an extra scrubbing in preparation for our visitors on
Thursday, who may wish to be with us on the occasion of the baptism of
our six Banks Islanders; and I am writing in the midst of it, preferring
to sit in the schoolroom to my own room, which is very tiny and very
hot.

'We have some eight only out of the fifty-one whom I am obliged to treat
rather as an awkward squad, not that they are too stupid to learn, but
that we cannot give them the individual attention that is necessary.
They teach me their language; but I cannot put them into any class where
they could be regularly taught--indeed, they are not young fellows
whom I should bring again. They do the work of introducing us to their
islands, and of teaching us something of their language. So I continue
to give them what little time I can--the real strength of our force
being given to those whom we hope to have here again.

'We are all on the qui vive about our beautiful vessel, hoping to see it
in about six or eight weeks. It will, please God, be for years the great
means by which we may carry on the Mission if we live; and all the care
that has been spent upon it has been well spent, you may be sure.

'I don't want to appear as if I expected this to be done in one sense,
but it is only when I think of the personal interest shown in it that I
suppose it right to thank people much. I don't want it to be thought of
any more than you do as a gift to us particular missionaries. It is the
Church carrying on its own work. Yet, as you truly say, private feelings
and interests are not to be treated rudely; and I do think it a
very remarkable thing that some 2,000 pounds should be raised by
subscriptions, especially when one knows that so very few people have an
idea of the work that is being done.'

'What a blessed New Year's rejoicing in hope here follows:--


'Kohimarama: Jan. 1, 1863.

'My dearest Sisters,--The first letter of the year to you! Thank God for
bringing us to see it! It is 1 P.M., and at 4.30 P.M. six dear children
(from twenty-two to fourteen) are to be baptized. Everything in one
sense is done; how very little in the other and higher sense! May
Almighty God pour the fulness of His blessing upon them! I sit and look
at them, and my heart is too full for words. They sit with me, and
bring their little notes with questions that they scarcely dare trust
themselves to speak about. You will thank God for giving me such
comfort, such blessings, and such dear children. How great a mercy it
is! How unexpected! May God make me humble and patient through it all!

'What a sight it would be for you four hours hence! Our party of
sixty-one, visitors from Auckland, the glorious day, and the holy
service, for which all meet.

'I use Proper Psalms, 89, 96, 126, 145, and for lessons a few verses, 2
Kings v. 9-15, and Acts viii. 35-9. After the third Collect, the Primate
may say a few words, or I may do so; and then I shall use our usual
Melanesian Collect for many islands, very briefly named; and so conclude
with the Blessing.

'What this is to me you must try and realise, that you may be partakers
of my joy and thankfulness. To have Christians about me, to whom I can
speak with a certainty of being understood, to feel that we are all
bound together in the blessed Communion of the Body of Christ, to know
that angels on high are rejoicing and evil spirits being chased away,
that all the Banks Islands and all Melanesia are experiencing, as it
were, the first shock of a mighty earthquake, that God who foresees the
end may, in his merciful Providence, be calling even these very children
to bear His message to thousands of heathens, is not it too much?
One's heart is not large enough for it, and confession of one's own
unworthiness breaks off involuntarily into praise and glory!

'I know, my dear Sisters, that this is most likely one of the great
blessings that precede great trials. I can't expect or wish (perhaps)
always to sail with a fair wind, yet I try to remember that trial must
come, without on that account restraining myself from a deep taste of
the present joy. I can't describe it!

'Then we have now much that we ever can talk about--deep talk about Mota
and the other islands, and the special temptations to which they must
be exposed; that now is the time when the devil will seek with all his
might to "have" them, and so hinder God's work in the land; that they
have been specially blest by God to be the first to desire to know His
will, and that they have heavy responsibilities.

'"Yes," they say, "we see man does not know that his room is dirty and
full of cobwebs while it is all dark; and another man, whose room is not
half so dirty, because the sun shines into it and shows the dirt, thinks
his room much worse than the other. That is like our hearts. It is worse
now to be angry than it was to shoot a man a long time ago. But the more
the sun shines in, the more we shall find cobwebs and dirt, long after
we thought the room was clean. Yes, we know what that means. We asked
you what would help us to go on straight in the path, now that we are
entering at the gate. We said prayer, love, helping our countrymen. Now
we see besides watchfulness, self-examination; and then you say we must
at once look forward to being confirmed, as the people you confirmed
at Norfolk Island. Then there is the very great thing, the holy and the
great, the Supper of the Lord." So, evening by evening and day by day,
we talk, this being of course not called school, being, indeed, my great
relaxation, for this is the time when they are like children with a
father.

'I know I feel it so. Don't take the above as a fair sample of our
talk, for the more solemn words we say about God's Love, Christ's
Intercession, and the Indwelling of the Spirit, I can hardly write down
now.

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. P.

'P.S.--Feast of the Epiphany. Those dear children were baptized on
Thursday. A most solemn interesting scene it was!'

Thoroughly happy indeed was the Bishop at this time. In a note of
February 3 to the Bishop of Wellington, he speaks of the orderly state
of the College:--

'Mr. Pritt has made a complete change in the Melanesian school, very
properly through me; not putting himself forward, but talking with
me, suggesting, accepting suggestions, giving the benefit of his great
knowledge of boys and the ways to educate them. All the punctuality,
order, method, &c., are owing to him; and he is so bright and hearty,
thoroughly at ease with the boys, and they with him.'

The same note announces two more recruits--Mr. John Palmer, a
theological student at St. John's, and Joseph Atkin, the only son of a
settler in the neighbourhood, who had also held a scholarship there.
He had gained it in 1860, after being educated at the Taranaki Scotch
School and the Church of England Grammar School at Parnell, and his
abilities were highly thought of. The Bishop says:--

'Joe Atkin, you will be glad to hear, has joined us on probation till
next Christmas, but he is very unlikely to change his mind. He and his
father have behaved in a very straightforward manner. I am not at all
anxious to get fellows here in a hurry. The Norfolk Islanders, e.g., are
in need of training much more than our best Melanesians, less useful as
teachers, cooks, even as examples. This will surprise you, but it is so.

'I have long suspected that Joe thought about joining us. He tells me,
"You never would give me a chance to speak to you, Sir."

"Quite true, Joe; I wished the thought to work itself out in your own
mind, and then I thought it right to speak first to your father."

'I told him that I could offer but "a small and that an uncertain
salary" should he be ordained five years hence; and that he ought to
think of that, that there was nothing worldly in his wishing to secure
a maintenance by-and-by for wife and child, and that I much doubted my
power to provide it. But this did not at all shake either his father or
him. I have a great regard for the lad, and I know you have.'

From that time forward reading with and talking with 'Joe Atkin' was one
of the chief solaces of the Bishop's life, though at present the young
man was only on trial, and could not as yet fill the place of Mr.
Benjamin Dudley, who, soon after the voyage, married, and returned to
Canterbury settlement. The loss was felt, as appears in the following:--


'Kohimarama; Saturday, 1 P.M., Feb. 7, 1863.

'My dearest Sisters,--I have a heavy cold, so you must expect a stupid
letter. I am off in an hour or two for a forty-mile ride, to take
to-morrow's services (four) among soldiers and settlers. The worst of it
is that I have no chance of sleep at the end, for the mosquitos near the
river are intolerable. How jolly it would be, nevertheless, if you were
here, and strong enough to make a sort of picnic ride of it. I do it
this way: strap in front of the saddle a waterproof sheet, with my silk
gown, Prayer-book, brush and comb, razor and soap, a clean tie, and
a couple of sea biscuits. Then at about 3 P.M. off I go. About twenty
miles or so bring me to Papakura, an ugly but good road most of the way.
Here there is an inn. I stop for an hour and a half, give the horse a
good feed, and have my tea. At about 7.30 or 8 I start again, and ride
slowly along a good road this dry weather. The moon rises at 9.30,
and by that time I shall be reaching the forest, through which a good
military road runs. This is the part of the road I should like to show
you. Such a night as this promises to be! It will be beautiful. About 11
I reach a hut made of reeds on the very brink of the river, tether the
horse, give him a feed, which I carry with me from Papakura, light a
fire (taking matches) inside the hut, and try to smoke away mosquitos,
lie down in your plaid, Joan--do you remember giving it to me?--and get
what sleep I can. To-morrow I work my way home again, the fourth service
being at Papakura at 4 P.M., so I ought to be at Kohimarama by 9 P.M.,
dead tired I expect. I think these long days tire me more than they did;
and I really do see not a few white hairs, a dozen or so, this is quite
right and respectable.

'I am writing now because I am tired with this cold, but chiefly because
when I write only for the mail I send you such wretched scrawls, just
business letters, or growls about something or other which I magnify
into a grievance. But really, dear Joan and Fan, I do like much writing
to you; only it is so very seldom I can do so, without leaving undone
some regular part of the day's work. I am quite aware that you want to
know more details about my daily life, and I really wish to supply them;
but then I am so weary when I get a chance of writing, that I let my
mind drift away with my pen, instead of making some effort to write
thoughtfully. How many things I should like to talk about, and which I
ought to write about: Bishops Mackenzie and Colenso, the true view of
what heathenism is, Church government, the real way to hope to get at
the mass of heathens at home, the need of a different education in some
respects for the clergy, &c. But I have already by the time I begin to
write taken too much out of myself in other ways to grapple with
such subjects, and so I merely spin out a yarn about my own special
difficulties and anxieties.

'Don't mind my grumbling. I think that it is very ungrateful of me to
do so, when, this year especially, I am receiving such blessings; it is
partly because I am very much occupied, working at high pressure, partly
because I do not check my foolish notions, and let matters worry me. I
don't justify it a bit; nor must you suppose that because I am very busy
just now, I am really the worse for it. The change to sea life will
set me all to rights again; and I feel that much work must be done in a
little time, and a wise man would take much more pains than I do to keep
himself in a state fit to do it.

'I have told you about our manner of life here. Up at 5, when I go round
and pull the blankets, not without many a joke, off the sleeping boys,
many of the party are already up and washing. Then, just before prayers,
I go into the kitchen and see that all is ready for breakfast. Prayers
at 5.45 in English, Mota, Baura, &c., beginning with a Mota Hymn, and
ending with the Lord's Prayer in English. Breakfast immediately after:
at our table Mr. Pritt, Mr. Kerr, and young Atkin who has just joined
us. At the teachers' table, five Norfolk Islanders, Edward (a Maori),
five girls and two of their husbands, and the three girls being placed
at this table because they are girls; Melanesians at the other three
tables indiscriminately. There are four windows, one at the north, three
at the east side. The school and chapel, in one long modern building,
form the corresponding wing on the eastern side of my little room, and
the boys dormitories between.

'We are daily expecting the vessel, though it will be a quick passage
for her if she comes in the next ten days, and then what a bustle!

'We send Dudley and his wife away to Canterbury for eight or nine
months; he is so weak as to make the change, which I had urged him to
try for some time past, quite necessary.

'Next Sunday a Confirmation at Orehunga, eight miles off; back to
Auckland for catechising and Baptism at 3 p.m. and evening service at
6.30, and never a word of either sermon written, and all the school
work! Never mind, a good growl to you is a fine restorative, and really
I get on very well somehow.

'Well, good-bye, you dear Sisters,

'Your affectionate Brother,

'J. C. P.'


On the last day of February came the new 'Southern Cross,' and two
delightful notes announced it to the Vicar of Hursley and to myself in
one envelope.


'St. Andrew's: Feb. 28, 1863.

'My dear Cousin,--The "Southern Cross" arrived safely this morning.
Thanks to God!

'What it is to us even you can hardly tell; I know not how to pour out
my thankfulness. She seems admirably adapted for the work. Mr. Tilly's
report of her performance is most satisfactory: safe, fast, steers well,
and very manageable. Internal arrangements very good; after cabin too
luxurious, but then that may be wanted for sick folk, and as it is
luxurious, why I shall get a soft bed, and take to it very kindly.

'Pray let dear Mr. Keble and Dr. Moberly know at once how very happy
and thankful I am for this blessing. I know all you good friends at home
will try to picture to yourselves my delight as I jumped on board!

'The boys are, of course, wild with excitement. It is blowing very hard.
Last night (when we were thinking of them) it was an anxious night for
them close on the coast.

'I have no time to write more. I thought of Lady... as I looked at
the chronometers and instruments, and of you all as I looked at the
beautiful vessel slipping along through the water with scarce a stitch
of canvas. I pray that she may be spared many years to the Mission,
and that we may have grace to use her, as she ought to be used, to His
glory.

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON, Bishop.

'You know that you are daily remembered in our prayers. God bless you.'


'10.30 P.M., March 1, 1863.

'My dear Mr. Keble,--One line, though on Sunday night, to tell you of
the safe arrival of the "Southern Cross." You have a large share in her,
and she has a large share in your good wishes and prayers, I am sure.

'Solemn thoughts on this day, an Ordination Sunday, mingle with the joy
at the coming of this messenger (I trust of mercy and peace). I need not
ask you to pray continually for us, for I know you do so. But indeed,
now is the time when we seem especially to need your prayers.

'The lads have no lack of intellectual capacity, they not unfrequently
surprise me. Now is the time when they are in the receptive state, and
now especially any error on our part may give a wrong direction to
the early faith of thousands! What an awful thought! We are their only
teachers, the only representatives of Christianity among them. How
inexpressibly solemn and fearful! This is the thought so perpetually
present to me. The training of the future missionaries of Melanesia
is, by God's Providence, placed in our hands. No wonder that I feel
sometimes overwhelmed at the thought!

'But I know that if God gives me grace to become more simple-minded and
humble, He will order even this aright. You I know will pray more than
ever for me. My kindest regards to Mrs. Keble; I hope she is better.

'Your affectionate and grateful young Friend,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.'


Before the first joy of the arrival was over, ere the 'Southern Cross'
could make her first voyage among the multitude of isles, a great
calamity had fallen upon St. Andrew's. Whether it was from the large
numbers, or the effect of the colder climate, or from what cause
could not be told, but a frightful attack of dysentery fell upon the
Melanesians, and for several weeks suffering and death prevailed among
them. How Bishop Patteson tended them during this time can be better
guessed than described.

Archdeacon Lloyd, who came to assist in the cares of the small party of
clergy, can find no words to express the devotion with which the Bishop
nursed them, comforting and supporting them, never shrinking from the
most repulsive offices, even bearing out the dead silently at night,
lest the others should see and be alarmed.

Still no mail, except during the voyages, had ever left New Zealand
without a despatch for home; and time was snatched in the midst of all
this distress for a greeting, in the same beautiful, clear minute hand
as usual:--


'Hospital, St. Andrew's: Saturday night, 9 P.M., March 22, 1863.

'My dearest Brother and Sister,--I write from the dining hall (now our
hospital), with eleven Melanesians lying round me in extremity of peril.
I buried two to-day in one grave, and I baptized another now dying by my
side.

'God has been pleased in His wisdom and mercy to send upon us a terrible
visitation, a most virulent form of dysentery. Since this day fortnight
I have scarce slept night or day, but by snatching an hour here and
there; others are working quite as hard, and all the good points of our
Melanesian staff are brought out, as you may suppose.

'The best medical men cannot suggest any remedy. All remedies have been
tried and failed. Every conceivable kind of treatment has been tried
in vain. There are in the hall (the hospital now) at this moment
eleven--eleven more in the little quadrangle, better, but in as anxious
a state as can be; and two more not at all well.

'I have sent all the rest on board to be out of the way of contagion.
How we go on I scarce know.... My good friend, Mr. Lloyd, is here,
giving great help; he is well acquainted with sickness and a capital
nurse.

'I have felt all along that it would be good for us to be in trouble;
we could not always sail with a fair wind, I have often said so, and God
has sent the trial in the most merciful way. What is this to the falling
away of our baptized scholars!

'But it is a pitiful sight! How wonderfully they bear the agony of it.
No groaning.

'When I buried those two children to-day, my heart was full, I durst not
think, but could only pray and believe and trust in Him. God bless you.

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. P.

'O Lord, correct me, but with judgment!'


On the 25th, two more were dead, and buried without time to make
coffins, for thirteen still hung between life and death, while fresh
cases were sent from on board ship. Mr. Pritt and Mr. Palmer cooked
nourishing food and prepared rice-water unceasingly; while the others
tended the sick, and the Primate returned from a journey to give his
effective aid. On the night of the 30th, a fifth died unexpectedly,
having only been ill a week, the only scholar from Pentecost Island. One
of these lads, when all hope was over, was wrapped in his white winding
sheet, carried into the chapel, and there baptized by the Bishop, with
choked voice and weeping eyes.

Over those who had not faith enough to justify him in baptizing them, he
said the following prayers as he laid them in their graves:--

'Sentences. Psalms from the Burial Service.

'Forasmuch as it hath pleased Thee, O Almighty God, to take from amongst
us the souls of these two children committed to our charge, we therefore
commit their bodies to the ground; earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust
to dust; humbly commending to Thy Fatherly mercy these and all other Thy
children who know not Thee, whom Thou knowest, who art the Father and
Lord of all things in heaven and earth, to whom be all praise and glory,
with Thy Son, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit, for ever and ever.
Amen.

'We humbly beseech Thee, most merciful God, to remember for good the
inhabitants of the islands of Melanesia, and specially we pray God by
the grave of these children, for the dwellers in Vanua Lava and Ambrym
that Thou wouldest cause the light of the Gospel to shine m their
hearts. Give unto Thy servants grace in their sight, that we may go
forth in peace, and return if it be Thy will in safety, to the honour
and glory of Thy Name, through Jesus Christ our Lord.

'O Almighty God, Father of Mercy, we cry unto Thee in our sorrow and
distress, most humbly confessing that we have most justly provoked Thy
wrath and heavy indignation.

'We know, O Lord, that this is a dispensation of mercy, a gift from
Thee, to be used, as all things may be used to Thy glory. Yet, O Lord,
suffer not our unworthiness to hinder Thy work of mercy!

'O Lord, look down from heaven, visit with Thy tender compassion Thy
children lying under Thy hand in grievous sufferings of body. Restore
them if it be Thy good pleasure to health and strength, or if it be Thy
good will to take them out of this world, receive them to Thy tender
mercies for His blessed sake who died for all men, Thy Son our Lord.

'Lord's Prayer. Grace.'

This was written down for use, in great haste, in the same spirit that
breathes through the account of the next death: the entry dated on
Coleridge Patteson's thirty-sixth birthday, April 1, 1863, which must
be transcribed, though much of the detail of this time of trial has been
omitted.

'Sosaman died at 9 A.M. this day--a dear lad, one of the Banks
Islanders, about ten or twelve years old. As usual I was kneeling by
him, closing his eyes in death. I can see his poor mother's face now!
What will she say to me? she who knows not the Christian's life in
death! Yet to him, the poor unbaptized child, what is it to him? What
a revelation! Yes, the names he heard at our lips were names of real
things and real persons! There is another world! There is a God, a
Father, a Lord Jesus Christ, a Spirit of holiness, a Love and Glory. So
let us leave him, O Father, in Thy hands, who knowest him who knew not
Thee on earth. Thy mercies never fail. Thou hast created all things, and
for Thy pleasure they are and were created.

'I washed him, and laid him out as usual in a linen sheet. How white it
looked! So much more simple and touching than the coffin--the form just
discernible as it lay where five had lain before; and then I knelt down
in our little chapel; and, I thank God, I could still bless and praise
Him in my heart!

'How is it that I don't pray more? I pray in one sense less than
usual--am not so long on my knees. I hope it is that I am so worn out,
and so very, very much occupied in tending the sick and dying, but I am
not sure.

'Anyhow I am sure that I am learning at terrible cost lessons which, it
may be, God would have taught me more gently if I had ears to hear. I
have not in all things depended upon Him, and perpetually sought help
from Him.

'Oh that my unworthiness may not hinder His work of mercy!

'If I live, the retrospect of this most solemn time will, I hope,
be very useful. I wonder if I ever went through such acute mental
suffering, and yet, mind! I feel perfectly hardened at times--quite
devoid of sensibility.'

He said in another letter that he felt that if he relaxed his
self-command for one moment he should entirely break down. To him
writing to his beloved home was what speaking, nay, almost thinking,
would be in another man; it gave an outlet to his feeling, and security
of sympathy. There was something in his spiritual nature that gave him
the faculty of realising the Communion of Saints in its fullest sense,
both with those on earth and in Paradise; and, above all, with his
Heavenly Father, so that he seems as complete an example as ever lived
of the reality of that privilege, in which too often we only express our
belief.

Sosaman's was the last death. On a fragment of pink paper, bearing the
date of the next day, it is declared that an alleviation in the worst
symptoms had taken place, and that the faces and eyes were less haggard.
'Oh! if it be God's will to grant us now a great deliverance, all glory
be to Him!'

The deliverance was granted. The next mail brought tidings of
gladness:--


'St. Andrew's: April 17, 1863.

'My dearest Sisters,--You know the calm yet weary feeling that succeeds
to the period of intense anxiety and constant watchfulness. Six dear
children are taken from us, as you know already. Some twenty-one others
have been very ill, nigh unto death. Two or three are still weak, but
doing well.

'All the rest are convalescent. Oh! I look at them, to see the loving
bright smile again on their poor wan faces. I don't mind breaking
down now; yet I have experienced no decided reaction; only I am very
indolent, like one who, for six weeks, has not had his usual allowance
of sleep. What abundant cause we have for thankfulness! All the many
hours that I spent in that atmosphere, and yet not a whit the worse for
it. What a sight it was! What scenes of suffering! There seemed to be no
end to it; and yet there was always strength for the immediate work in
hand. Tending twenty-four sick, after hurrying back from burying two
dear lads in one grave, or with a body lying in its white sheet in the
chapel; and once, after a breathless watch of two hours, while they all
slept the sleep of opium, for we dared almost anything to obtain some
rest, stealing at dead of night across the room to the figure wrapped so
strangely in its blanket, and finding it cold and stiff, while one dying
lay close by. It has been a solemn time indeed. And now the brightness
seems to be coming back.

'I have not yet ceased to think of the probable consequences; but,
speaking somewhat hastily, I do not think that this will much retard the
work. I may have to use some extra caution in some places--e.g., one of
the two first lads brought from Ambrym is dead: one lad, the only one
ever brought from the middle of Whitsuntide Island, is dead; I must be
careful there. The other four came from Mota, Matlavo, Vanua Lava (W.
side), and Guadalcanar; for the six who died came from six islands.

'One dear lad, Edmund Quintal, sixteen or seventeen years old, was for a
while in a critical state. Fisher Young, a little older, was very unwell
for three or four days. They came from Norfolk Island.

'The last six weeks have been very unhealthy. We had an unusually hot
dry summer--quite a drought; the wells, for example, were never so
tried. There was also an unusual continuance of north-east winds--our
sultry close wind. And when the dry weather broke up, the rain and damp
weather continued for many days. Great sickness prevailed in Auckland
and the country generally.

'The Norfolk Islanders, now four in number--Edwin Nobbs, Gilbert
Christian, Fisher Young, and Edmund Quintal--have behaved excellently.
Oh, how different I was at their age! It is pleasant, indeed, to see
them so very much improved; they are so industrious, so punctual, so
conscientious. The fact seems to be that they wanted just what I do hope
the routine of our life has supplied--careful supervision, advice, and,
when needed, reproof. They had never had any training at all.

'But there was something better--religious feeling--to work on! and the
life here has, by God's blessing, developed the good in them. I am very
hopeful about then now. Not, mind! that any one of them has a notion
of teaching, but they are acquiring habits which will enable them to be
good examples in all points of moral conduct to those of the Melanesians
who are not already like B----, &c. The head work will come by-and-by, I
dare say.

'April 22.--The storm seems to have passed, though one or two are still
very weak. But there are no active symptoms of disease. How mercifully
God has dealt with us! I have been very seedy for a few days, and am so
still. In spite of two teeth taken out a fortnight ago, my whole jaw has
been paining me much, heavy cold, and I can't get good sleep by reason
of the pain, and I want sleep much. I think I must go to the dentist
again. You see we hope to sail in ten days or so, and I want to be well.

'We have just washed and scrubbed the hall thoroughly, and once again it
ceases to be our hospital. That looks bright, does not it? You must let
all friends know about us, for I shall not be able to write to many, and
perhaps I shall not have time to write at all. In the midst of all
this, I have so much work about the management of the Mission farm and
property, and the St. John's College estate, and educational prospects.'

The 'Southern Cross' was at sea again on May 2, and approved herself
entirely to her owners' satisfaction.

Moreover, another clergyman had come on board for a trial trip, the
Rev. Robert Codrington, a Fellow of Wadham, Oxford, who brought the
University culture which was no small personal pleasure to Bishop
Patteson in the companion of his labours. So that the staff consisted of
Mr. Pritt, Mr. Kerr, Mr. Codrington, Mr. Palmer and Mr. Atkin, besides
Mr. Tilly, whose management of the vessel left the Bishop free from
cares whenever his knowledge of the coast was not needed. Some of the
results of his leisure on the outward voyage here appear:--

'I am glad I have read the accounts which Bishop Mackenzie's sister sent
me. I know more about it now. Work and anxiety and necessity for action
all came upon them so rapidly, that there was but little time for
forming deliberate plans. I can well realise the finding oneself
surrounded with a hundred poor creatures, diseased and hungered, the
multitude of questions how to feed, lodge, and clothe them. How far
it is right to sanction their mode of life, &c. One thing I am glad to
notice, that the Bishop abstained from all attempts to convey religious
instruction, because he was not sufficiently acquainted with the
language to know what ideas he might or might not be suggesting.
That was wise, and yet how unlike many hot-headed men, who rush with
unintentional irreverence into very dangerous experiments.

'I confess, as you know, that there seems to me far too cumbrous and
expensive and talkative a method employed in England, for raising
supplies for that Mission and Columbia, Honolulu, &c. I never think
of all that fuss of the four Universities, and all the meetings and
speeches, without some shame. But united action will come in the
train of real synodical action; and if I understand aright, the last
Convocation of Canterbury accepted all that we are trying for, taking
the right view in the question of Provinces, Metropolitans, position of
Colonial Churches, joint action of the Church at large, &c. Extension of
Episcopate in England. Oh, thanks be to God for it all. What a work for
this branch of the Catholic Church! How can people sit quiet, not give
their all!

'I like very much Vaughan's work on the Epistle to the Romans. That
is the book to teach young students how to read their Greek Testament.
Accurate scholarship, no private notions imported into the Greek text.
I should like to hear Mr. Keble speak about the law underlying the
superstitions of heathenism, the way to deal with the perversions of
truth, &c. Somehow I get to marvel at and love that first book of Hooker
more and more. It is wonderful. It goes to the bottom of the matter; and
then at times it gives one to see something of the Divine wisdom of the
Bible as one never saw it before.

'But I fear that I seek too much after a knowledge and understanding of
principles of action which are attainable by a scholar and man of real
reasoning power, but which I am not able to make of practical use,
having neither the brains nor the goodness. This is what I really mean.

'May 20th.--Any really good book on the New Testament, especially
dealing critically with the Greek text, I certainly wish to have. I
feel that the great neglect of us clergy is the neglect of the continual
study most critically and closely of the grammatical meaning of the
Hebrew and Greek texts. Oh! that in old days I had made myself a good
scholar! Oh! that I did really know Hebrew and Greek well! What a
blessing and delight it would be now! I fear that I shall never be
a good Hebrew scholar, I can't make time for it; but a decent Greek
scholar I hope to be. I work away, but alas I for want of time, only by
fits and starts, at grammars, and such a book as Vaughan's "Epistle to
the Romans," an excellent specimen of the way to give legitimate help to
the student. Trench's books I delight in. The Revision by Five Clergymen
is an assistance. There was a review in the Quarterly the other day on
the Greek Testament, very nearly an excellent one. The ordinary use of
folio commentaries I don't wish to depreciate, but I think it far less
valuable than the diligent study for oneself with the best grammatical
aids of the original text. I always assume an acquaintance with the
true mind and spirit of the Church of England as a substratum of
interpretation. I like Westcott's book on the "Introduction to the Study
of the Gospels."

'Oh! why, when I sat evening after evening with our dear Father, did
I not ask him on all these points much more than I did? He did talk
of such things! But I suppose it is partly the impulse given to such
studies by the tendency of present religious thought. Yet ought it not
to have been always put forward at Eton and Oxford that the close study
of the text of the Bible is the first duty of a Christian scholar.
I never really thought of it till I came out here, and then other
occupations crowded upon me, and so it was too late to make myself a
scholar. Alas!

'Now I really think nothing is so great a relaxation tome as a good book
by Trench, or Vaughan, or Ellicott, or Dr. Pusey, and I do enjoy it.
Not that I can keep up my attention for very long so as to make it
profitable, but even then it is delightful, only I must go over it
again, and so it is perhaps time wasted.

'But I greatly miss the intimate friend with whom to fix what I read by
conversation and communication of mutual difficulties in understanding
passages. I don't often forget points on which the Judge and I have had
a talk, but what I read by myself I read too quickly, and forget. I want
to fix it by subsequent discussion and enquiry with a competent friend.
If I have intelligent young men to read with, that will almost do,
it will easily help me to remember what I have read. It won't be
suggestive, like the Judge's conversation; yet if one tries to teach
conscientiously one does learn a great deal. I am puzzled as to books
for my Norfolk Islanders. I should like much the "Conversations on the
Catechism." Are they published separately? Shall I ask Miss Yonge to
give me a copy? And the "Plain Commentary" would be useful too, if
(which I doubt) it is plain enough.'


'"Southern Cross:" May 9, 1863.

'My dear Joan,--You ask me about qualifications which a man had better
possess for this Mission, so perhaps I had better ask you to enquire of
cousin Derwent Coleridge and of Ernest Hawkins for letters written to
them some six months ago in which (if I remember rightly) I succeeded
as well as I am likely to do now in describing the class of men I should
like some day to have. I dare say they have not kept the letters, I
forgot that, because although they took me some little time to write,
they may have chucked them away naturally enough. Still if they have
them and can find them, it may be worth while for you to keep a copy by
you to show to any person who wishes for information.

'It is not necessary at all that a man should have a taste for languages
or a faculty of acquiring them. What I want now is not a linguist, but a
well-trained school-master of black boys and men, who will also put his
hand to any kind of work--a kindly, gentle, cheerful, earnest fellow,
who will make light of all little inconveniences, such as necessarily
attend sea life, &c., who is so much of a gentleman that he can afford
to do any kind of work without being haunted by the silly thought that
it "is beneath him," "not his business." That is the fellow for me. He
would have to learn one language, the language of the particular class
given over to him, and I think that a person of any moderate ability
might soon do this with our teaching. If I could get him to take an
interest in the general science of language and to go into philological
points, of course his work would be lighter, and he would have soon the
advantage of knowing dialects cognate to that which he must know. But
that is not necessary.

'The real thing is to train a certain number of lads in habits of
attention, punctuality, tidiness, &c., to teach them also upon a plan,
which I should show him, to read and write. The religious instruction I
should take, and the closer investigation of the language too, unless he
showed a capacity for going into the nicer points of structure, &c.

'But somehow a cut and dried teaching machine of a man, however
methodical, and good, and conscientious, won't do. There must be a
vivacity, an activity of mind, a brightness about the man, so that a
lesson shall never be mere drudgery; in short, there must be a real love
in the heart for the scholars, that is the qualification.

'One man and one only I hope to have some day who ought to be able to
learn scraps at least of many languages, but he will have a different
work to do. No work can be considered to be satisfactorily carried on
while it depends on the life of any one man. Someone to take my place
will come, I hope, some day. He would have to go round the islands with
me, and acquire a knowledge of the whole field of work--the wading and
swimming, the mode of dealing with fellows on a first meeting, &c.; he
will not only have one class to look after, but he must learn the same
kind of lesson that I learnt under the Primate. Where to get such a
man, I'm sure I don't know. He must be of standing and ability to be
acceptable to the others should I die, &c., &c.

'So we need not speculate about him, and the truth is, I am not in any
hurry to get men from home. We are educating ourselves lads here who
will very likely learn to do this kind of work fairly well. Mr. Palmer
will, I hope, be ordained at Christmas. Young Atkin will be useful some
day. By-and-by if I can get one or two really first-rate men, it will
indeed be a great thing. But who knows anything of me in England? I
don't expect a really able man to come out to work with me. They will go
to other parts of the world kept more before the notice of the public by
committees and meetings and speeches, &c.; and indeed I am very thankful
for it. I am not old nor wise enough to be at the head of a party of
really able men. I must be more fit to lead before I can ask men to
follow.

'Of course I know that the work, if I chose to speak out, is second to
none in interest and importance, and that very little comparatively is
known about it in England. But it is evidently far better that it should
go quietly on without attracting much notice, and that we all should
remain unknown at all events at present. By-and-by, when by God's
blessing things are more ripe for definite departments of work, and
men can have distinct duties at once assigned to them, and our mode of
carrying on the Mission has been fairly tested, then it will be high
time to think about first-rate men.

'And, presumptuous and strange as it may seem for me to say it, a man
confessedly second-rate, unfit to hold a position with the best stamp of
English clergymen, I had rather not have. I can get the material cheaper
and made to my own hand out here.

'Some men are dull though good, others can't get away from their book
life and the proprieties, others are donnish, others are fine gentlemen,
others are weak in health, most have preconceived and, many, mistaken
views about heathenism, and the way to deal with it; some would come out
with the notion that England and English clergymen were born to set the
colonies right.

'How few would say, "There's a young man for the Bishop, only a
second-class man, no scholar, not remarkable in any way, but he has
learnt his work in a good school, and will go out to him with the
purpose of seeing how he carries on the work, and learning from him." I
don't expect men worth anything to say this. Of course I don't; and
yet you know, Joan, I can't take them on any other terms. No, I prefer
taking promising lads here, and training them up, not with any pledge
that I will employ them in the Mission, but with the promise of giving
them every chance of becoming qualified for it.'

The voyage was much shorter than had been intended, and its history is
best summed up here:--


'"Southern Cross," Kohimarama: Aug. 6, 1863.

'My dear Cousin,--This date, from this place, will surprise you. We
returned yesterday, after a short voyage of only three months. I had
arranged my plans for a long voyage, hoping to revisit all our known
islands, and that more than once. We sailed to Norfolk Island, thence
at once to Mota. I spent two days there, and left the Rev. L. Pritt in
charge of the station; Mr. Palmer being with him and the four Norfolk
Islanders, and several old scholars.

'I spent a fortnight in the Banks Archipelago, returning some scholars,
and taking away others from divers islands; and then went back to Mota,
bringing some sixteen or seventeen lads to the central school. I found
them all pretty well; the whole island at peace, people moving about
everywhere unarmed, and a large school being gathered together.

'I went off again to the south (the New Hebrides group), returning
scholars who had been in New Zealand, purchasing yams for axes and iron,
&c., to supply the large number of scholars at Mota. The season had been
unfavourable, and the crop of yams in some islands had almost failed.
However, in another fortnight I was again at Mota with some six or seven
tons of yams. I found things lamentably changed. A great mortality
was going on, dysentery and great prostration of strength from severe
influenza.

'But of those not actually boarding at the station, the state was very
sad indeed. About twenty-five adults were dead already, several of them
regular attendants at school, of whom we were very hopeful.

'I spent two days and a half in going about the island, the wet
incessant, the ground steaming and reeking with vegetable exhalations.
During those days twenty-seven adults died, fifty-two in all, and many,
many more were dying, emaciated, coughing, fainting; no constitutional
vigour of body, nor any mutton broth, or beef tea, or jellies, or
chickens, or wine, &c. Mr. Pritt did what he could, and more than
I thought could have been done; but what could be done? How could
nourishing food be supplied to dozens of invalids living miles off,
refusing to obey directions in a country which supplies no food to rally
the strength of persons in illness?

'I decided to remove the whole party at once, explaining to the people
that we were not afraid to share with them the risk of dying, but that
if Mr. Pritt and the others died, there were no teachers left. I felt
that our Banks Island scholars must be removed, and that at once lest
they should die. I could not send the vessel to the Solomon Islands
without me, for Mr. Tilly was completely laid up and unable to move from
rheumatic gout, and no one else on board knows those languages.

'I could not leave the party at Mota in the sickness, and I could not
well send the vessel to Port Patteson for a time, for the danger was
imminent. So I took them all away, in all thirty-nine.

'But now the vessel was full, more than sixty on board, and I had
reckoned upon an empty vessel in the hot Santa Cruz and Solomon Island
latitudes. Moreover, the weather was extraordinarily unfavourable--damp,
foul winds, squalls, calms, unhealthy weather. Mr. Tilly was being
greatly pulled down, and everything seemed to point out that the voyage
ought not to be long. I made my mind up, took back the Solomon Island
scholars; and, with heavy sea and baffling winds and one short gale,
sailed back to New Zealand.

'How mysteriously our plans are overruled for good! I came back to hear
of the war; and to learn to be thankful for my small, very young and
very manageable party. Thirty-three Banks Islanders, the baptized party
and select lads from their islands, one New Caledonian, four Ysabel
lads, constitute this summer's Melanesian school.

'Don't be disappointed; I was at first, but I had the comfort of having
really no alternative. I had, indeed, a great desire to make a thorough
visitation of Leper's Island, and Santa Cruz especially; but the wind,
usually so fair, was dead against me, we had, so to speak, no trade
winds, and I had to give it up. It was certainly my duty to get to the
south with my invalids as soon as I could, and alter my plans, which,
you know, always are made with a view to divers modifications being
rendered necessary.

'Training the baptized scholars, and putting into shape such knowledge
as I have of Melanesian tongues, that made a good summer programme, as
I was obliged to content myself with a small party gathered from but few
islands. Concentration v. diffusion I soon began to think a very good
thing.

'Well, so it is, and now I see great reason to be thankful. Why do we
not always give thanks whether we see the reason or not?

'The vessel behaves admirably. I have written to Jem at length, and he
must be applied to for my account of her. Pray tell Mr. Keble all this.
I have a most valuable letter from Dr. Moberly, a great delight and
honour to me. It is very kind of him to write; and his view of Church
matters is really invaluable, no papers can give that which his letter
gives, and only he and a very few others could give an opinion which I
so greatly value. He speaks hopefully of Church matters in general, and
there are great reasons surely for thankfulness and hope.

'Yet men such as he see far and wide, and to their great hearts no very
violent storms are caused by such things as sorely trouble others. He
sees the presumption and weakness, the vain transitory character of that
phase of modern thought which Bishop Colenso represents, and confidently
expects its speedy disappearance. But it does try the earnest, while it
makes shipwreck of the frivolous, and exercises the faith and humility
of all. Even a very poor scholar can see that his reasoning is most
inconclusive, and his reading superficial and inferences illogical.

'God bless you, my dear Cousin.

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.'


Perhaps this is the fittest place to give Mr. Tilly's description of the
Bishop in his voyages:--

'My acquaintance with the late Bishop Patteson began at Port Patteson,
in the Banks Islands, in 1861. He went with us in H.M.S. "Cordelia" to
the Solomon Islands, and after being together some two months we again
left him at Port Patteson on our way back to Auckland. During the time
he was on board the "Cordelia" it was arranged that I was to sail the
new vessel (the present "Southern Cross"), then about to be built by the
Messrs. Wigram, and the size, internal arrangements, &c. were told me
by him. He did not trouble me with much detail, referring me almost
altogether to Bishop Selwyn--and gave no written directions; the little
he said I carefully noted, observing that he spoke as with a thorough
knowledge of the subject (so far as I could be a judge) as to sea-going
qualities, capacity, &c., and to the best of my recollection, I found
that while the vessel was building these few directions were the main
ones to be kept in view. We entered Auckland harbour (from England)
early on the morning of February 28, 1863, and hove to off the North
Head, to wait for the Bishop coming off from Kohimarama before going up
the harbour. It had been blowing hard outside the night before from the
N.E., and there was still much wind, and some sea, even in the harbour.
I was much struck by his appearance and manner. Having to launch his
boat through a surf at Kohimarama beach, he had only on a shirt and
trousers, and was of course drenched. He stepped on board more like
a sailor than a clergyman, and almost immediately made one or two
sailor-like remarks about the vessel, as if he understood her qualities
as soon as he felt her in motion; and he was quite right in what he
said.

'Before the building of the present vessel he had (I am told) navigated
at different times to and from the islands; of his capacity in this
respect, therefore, others who knew him there can speak. During the time
I remained in the "Southern Cross," he never in any way, to the best
of my recollection, interfered in the navigation or management of the
vessel; but I came to know--almost at once--that his general planning of
a voyage, knowledge of local courses and distances, the method by which
it could be done most quickly and advantageously, and the time required
to do it in, were thorough; and, in fact, I suppose, that almost without
knowing it, in all this I was his pupil, and to the last felt the
comfort of his advice or assistance, as, e.g., when looking out together
from aloft he has seen shoal water more quickly than myself, or has
decided whether certain doubtful appearances ahead were or were not
sufficient to make us alter our course, &c.; and always speaking as no
one who was what sailors call a landsman could have done. There was, of
course, always a great deal of boat work, much of it to be done with a
loaded boat in a seaway, requiring practical knowledge of such matters,
and I do not remember any accidents, such as staving a boat on a reef,
swamping, &c. in all those years; and he invariably brought the boat
out when it was easy for the vessel to pick her up, a matter not
sufficiently understood by many people. This was where Mr. Atkin's
usefulness was conspicuous. Mr. Atkin was a fearless boatman, and the
knowledge of boating he gained with us at sea was well supplemented when
in Auckland, where he had a boat of his own, which he managed in the
most thorough manner, Auckland being at times a rough place for boating.
He (Mr. Atkin) pulled a good and strong oar, and understood well how to
manage a boat under sail, much better in fact than many sailors (who are
not always distinguished in that respect). His energy, and the amount
of work he did himself were remarkable; his manner was quiet and
undemonstrative. He took all charge--it may in a manner be said--of
the boys on board the vessel, regulated everything concerning meals,
sleeping arrangements, &c., how much food had to be bought for them at
the different islands, what "trade" (i.e. hatchets, beads, &c.) it was
necessary to get before starting on a voyage, calculated how long our
supply of water would last, and in fact did so much on board as left the
master of the vessel little to do but navigate. With regard to the
loss the Mission has sustained in Mr. Atkin, speaking from my personal
knowledge of his invaluable services on a voyage, I can safely say
there is no one here now fitted to take his place. He had always capital
health at sea, and was rarely sea-sick, almost the only one of the party
who did not suffer in that way. And his loss will be the more felt now,
as those who used to help in the boat are now otherwise employed as
teachers, &c.; and as Norfolk Island is a bad place to learn boating,
there is great need of some one to take his place, for a good boat's
crew is a necessity in this work as may be readily understood when the
boat is away sometimes for the greater part of the day, pulling and
sailing from place to place. At those places where the Bishop landed
alone, Mr. Atkin gradually acquired the experience which made him so fit
to look after the safety of the boat and crew. In this manner he, next
to the Bishop, became best known to the natives throughout the islands,
and was always looked for; in fact, at many places they two were perhaps
only recognised or remembered.

'Bishop Patteson was hardly what could be called a good sailor in
one sense of the word; rough weather did not suit him, and although I
believe seldom if ever actually sea-sick, he was now and then obliged to
lie down the greater part of the day, or during bad weather. He used to
read and write a great deal on board, and liked to take brisk walks
up and down the deck, talking to whoever happened to be there. He was
orderly and methodical on board, liked to see things in their places,
and was most simple in all his habits. He always brought a good stock of
books on board (which we all made use of), but very few clothes.

'The living on board was most simple, much the same as the crew,
those in the cabin waiting on themselves (carrying no steward), until
gradually boys used to volunteer to do the washing up, &c. School with
all the boys was kept up when practicable; but the Bishop was always
sitting about among them on the deck, talking to one and another, and
having classes with him in the cabin. There were regular morning
and evening native and English prayers. The sermons on Sundays
were specially adapted for the sailors, and listened to with marked
attention, as indeed they well might be, being so earnest, simple, and
suitable.

'Speaking for myself, I used to look forward to the voyage as the time
when I should have the privilege of being much with him for some months.
While on shore at Kohimarama I saw but comparatively little of him,
except at meals; but during the voyage I saw of course a great deal of
him, and learned much from him--learned to admire his unselfishness
and simplicity of mode of life, and to respect his earnestness and
abilities. His conversation on any subject was free and full; and those
on the few nights when quietly at anchor they could be enjoyed more,
will be long remembered. Of his manner to Melanesians, others will, no
doubt, say enough, but I may be excused for mentioning one scene that
very much struck me, and of which I am now the only (white) one left
who was present at it. We were paying a visit for the first time to an
island, and--the vessel being safe in the offing--the Bishop asked me if
I would go with them as he sometimes did on similar occasions. We pulled
in to a small inner islet among a group, where a number of (say 200)
natives were collected on the beach. Seeing they looked as if friendly,
he waded on shore without hesitation and joined them; the reception was
friendly, and after a time he walked with them along the beach, we in
the boat keeping near. After a while we took him into the boat again,
and lay off the beach a few yards to be clear of the throng, and be able
to get at the things he wanted to give them, they coming about the boat
in canoes; and this is the fact I wished to notice--viz., the look on
his face while the intercourse with them lasted. I was so struck with
it, quite involuntarily, for I had no idea of watching for anything of
the sort; but it was one of such extreme gentleness, and of yearning
towards them. I never saw that look on his face again, I suppose because
no similar scene ever occurred again when I happened to be with him. It
was enough in itself to evoke sympathy; and as we pulled away, though
the channel was narrow and winding, yet, as the water was deep, we
discussed the possibility of the schooner being brought in there at some
future time. I am quite aware of my inability to do justice to that side
of the Bishop's character, of which, owing to the position in which I
stood to him as master of the Mission vessel, I have been asked to say
a few words. There are others who know far better than myself what his
peculiar qualifications were. His conduct to me throughout the time
was marked by an unvarying confidence of manner and kindliness in our
everyday intercourse, until, gradually, I came to think I understood
the way in which he wished things done, and acted in his absence with
an assurance of doing his wishes, so far as I could, which I never
had attained to before with anyone else, and never shall again. And,
speaking still of my own experience, I can safely say the love we grew
to feel for him would draw such services from us (if such were needed)
as no fear of anyone's reproof or displeasure ever could do. And perhaps
this was the greatest privilege, or lesson, derived from our intercourse
with him, that "Love casteth out fear!"

'Tiros. CAPEL TILLY.


'Auckland: October 28, 1872.'

This letter to Mr. Derwent Coleridge follows up the subject of the
requisites for missionary work:--


'"Southern Cross," Kohimarama: August 8, 1863.

'My dear Cousin,--Thank you for a very kind letter which I found here on
my return from a short three months' voyage in Melanesia. You will, I am
sure, give me any help that you can, and a young man trained under your
eye would be surely of great use in this work. I must confess that I
distrust greatly the method adopted still in some places of sending out
men as catechists and missionaries, simply because they appear to be
zealous and anxious to engage in missionary work. A very few men, well
educated, who will really try to understand what heathenism is, and will
seek, by God's blessing, to work honestly without prejudice and without
an indiscriminating admiration for all their own national tastes
and modes of thought--a few such men, agreeing well together and
co-operating heartily, will probably be enabled to lay foundations for
an enduring work. I do not at all wish to apply hastily for men--for any
kind of men--to fill up posts that I shall indeed be thankful to occupy
with the right sort of men. I much prefer waiting till it may please
God to put it into the head of some two or three more men to join the
Mission--years hence it may be. We need only a few; I don't suppose that
ten years hence I should (if alive) ever wish to have more than six or
eight clergy; because their work will be the training of young natives
to be themselves teachers, and, I pray God, missionaries in due time. I
am so glad that you quite feel my wants, and sympathise with me. It is
difficult to give reasons--intelligible to you all at a distance--for
everything that I may say and do, because the circumstances of this
Mission are so very peculiar. But you know that I have always the
Primate to consult with as to principles; and I must, for want of a
better course, judge for myself as to the mode of working them out in
detail.

'Two plans are open for obtaining a supply of young men. First, I may
receive some few ready-trained men, who nevertheless will have to
learn the particular lessons that only can be taught here on the spot.
Secondly, I may have youths of (say) sixteen to eighteen years of age,
sent out from such a school as Stephen Hawtrey's for example, who will
come with a good general knowledge of ordinary things, and receive a
special training from myself. I think, too, that New Zealand will now
and then supply an earnest, active-minded young fellow--who will be a
Greek or Latin scholar, yet may find a useful niche in which he may
be placed. At present I have means only to maintain one or two such
persons, and this because I am able to use the money my dear Father
left me for this purpose. Indeed, I have no other use for it. The money
received on public account would not keep the Mission in its present
state, and the expenditure ought to be increased by maintaining
more scholars and teachers. I don't forget what you say about the
philological part of my business. My difficulty is this, mainly: that it
is next to impossible to secure a few hours of continuous leisure. You
can have no idea of the amount of detail that I must attend to: seeing
everything almost, and having moreover not a few New Zealand matters
to employ my time, besides my Melanesian work. I have, I suppose, a
considerable amount of knowledge of Melanesian tongues, unknown by name
to anyone else perhaps; I quite feel that this ought not to die with
me, if anything should suddenly happen to me. I hoped this summer to
put together something; but now there is this Maori war, and an utterly
unsettled state of things. I may have to leave New Zealand with my
Melanesians almost any day. But I will do what I can, and as soon as I
can. Again: I find it so hard to put on paper what I know. I could talk
to a philologist, and I fancy that I could tell him much that would
interest him; but I never wrote anything beyond a report in my life, and
it is labour and grief to me to write them--I can't get on as a scribe
at all. Then, for two or three years I have not been able to visit some
islands whose language I know just enough of to see that they supply
a valuable link in the great Polynesian chain. One might almost get
together all the disjecta membra and reconstruct the original Polynesian
tongue. But chiefly, of course, my information about Melanesia may be
interesting. I have begun by getting together numerals in forty quite
unknown dialects. I will give, at all events, short skeleton grammars
too of some. But we have no time. Why, I have from five hundred to
two thousand or more carefully ascertained words in each of several
dialects, and of course these ought to be in the hands of you all
at home. I know that, and have known it for years; but how to do it,
without neglecting the daily necessary work?

'Again: the real genius of the language, whatever it may be, is learned
when I can write down what I overhear boys saying when they are talking
with perfect freedom, and therefore idiomatically, about sharks,
cocoa-nuts, yams, &c. All translations must fail to represent a language
adequately, and most of all the translation into a heathen language of
religious expressions. They have not the ideas, and the language cannot
be fairly seen in the early attempts to make it do an unaccustomed work.

'I remember more of you and my Aunt than you suppose. Even without the
photograph (which I am very glad to have--thank you for it), I could
have found you and Aunt out in a crowd. I can't say that I remember my
own generation so well.

'Thank you again for writing so kindly.

'Always, my dear Cousin,

'Affectionately yours,

'J. C. PATTESON, Missionary Bishop.'


The next mail carried the reply to Johanna's sympathy with the troubles
of the time of sickness in the early part of the year.


'August 28, 1863.

'My dear Joan,--Very full of comfort to have all your kind loving
thoughts and words about our sickness. I know you thought and talked
much about it, and indeed it was a very heavy visitation viewed in one
way, though in another (and I really can't analyze the reason why) there
was not only peace and calmness, but eyen happiness. I suppose one
may be quite sure one is receiving mercies, and be thankful for them,
although one is all the time like a man in a dream. I can hardly think
of it all as real. But I am sure that God was very, very merciful to us.
There was no difficulty anywhere about the making known the death of the
lads to their relatives. I did not quite like the manner of the people
at Guadalcanar, from which island poor Porasi came; and I could not get
at the exact place from which Taman came, though I landed on the same
island north and south of the beach from which I brought him.

'I do not at all think that any interruption of the work has been
occasioned by it. It was very unfortunate that I could not, last voyage,
make visits (and long ones too, as I had hoped) to many islands where
in the voyage before I had met with such remarkable tokens of good-will,
especially Leper's Island and Santa Cruz, but I think that if I can make
a regular good round next time, it may be all as well. I imagine that
in a great many islands it would now take a good deal to shake their
confidence in us. At the same time it was and is a matter of great
regret that I did not at once follow up the openings of the former year,
and by returning again to the New Hebrides and Solomon Islands (as in
the contemplated six months' voyage I intended to do), strengthen the
good feeling now existing. Moreover, many scholars who were here last
year would have come again had I revisited them and picked them up
again. But the Mota sickness, the weather, and Mr. Tilly's illness made
it more prudent to return by what is on the whole the shorter route,
i.e., to the west of New Caledonia.

'You should have been with me when, as I jumped on shore at Mota, I took
Paraskloi's father by the hand. That dear lad I baptized as he lay in
his shroud in the chapel, when the whole weight of the trial seemed,
as it were, by a sudden revelation to manifest itself, and thoroughly
overwhelmed and unnerved me. I got through the service with the tears
streaming down my cheeks, and my voice half choked. He was his father's
pride, some seventeen years old. A girl ready chosen for him as his
wife. "It is all well, Bishop, he died well. I know you did all you
could, it is all well." He trembled all over, and his face was wet with
tears; but he seemed strangely drawn to us, and if he survives this
present epidemic, his son's death may be to him the means in God's hands
of an eternal life. Most touching, is it not, this entire confidence?

'At Aruas, the small island close to Valua, from which dear Sosaman
came, it was just the same; rather different at the west side of
Vanua Lava, where they did not behave so well, and where (as I heard
afterwards) there had been some talk of shooting me; but nothing
occurred while I was on shore with them to alarm me.

'At Ambrym I landed with Talsil (Joval, from the same place, had died),
a great crowd, all friendly, walked into the village and sat down,
speechifying by the principal man, a presentation to me of a small pig;
but such confidence that this man came back with me on board, where I
gave him presents. I much wished to land at Taman's place, but could not
do so, though I tried twice, without causing great delay.

'I could have brought away any number of scholars from almost any of
these islands, probably from all. I have great reason to regret not
having revisited Ambrym and other islands, but I think that a year
hence, if alive, I may feel that it is better as it is.

'These Norfolk Islanders, four of them, I take as my children, for I
can't fairly charge them (except Edwin Nobbs) to the Mission, and I wish
to give Norfolk Island some help, as it is really, though not by letters
patent, part of my charge. Edwin Nobbs is a thoroughly good fellow, and
Fisher Young is coming on very well.

'Now, my dearest Joan, good-bye. My hats will come no doubt in good
time, my present chapeau is very seedy, very limp and crooked and
battered; as near green as black almost--a very good advertisement
of the poverty of the Mission. But if I go about picking up gold
in Australia, I shall come out in silk cassock and all the
paraphernalia--very episcopal indeed!

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Herewith was a letter for Dr. Moberly:--

'St. Andrew's College, Kohimarama: August 29, 1863. 'My dear Dr.
Moberly,--Thank you for a very kind and most interesting letter written
in May. I know that you can with difficulty find time to write at all,
and thank you all the more. If you knew the real value to us of such
letters as you have now sent, containing your impressions and opinions
of things in general, men, books, &c., you would be well rewarded for
your trouble, I assure you. To myself, I must say to you, such letters
are invaluable; they are a real help to me, not only in that they supply
information from a very good authority on many questions which I much
desire to understand, but even more because I rise up or kneel down
after reading them, and think to myself, "how little such men who so
think of me really know me; how different I ought to be," and then it is
another help to me to try and become by God's grace less unlike what you
take me to be. Indeed, you must forgive me for writing thus freely. I
live very much alone as far as persons of the same language, modes of
thought, &c., are concerned. I see but little (strange as it may seem to
you) even of my dear Primate. We are by land four or five miles apart,
and meet perhaps once or twice a month for a few minutes to transact
some necessary business. His time is, of course, fully occupied; and
I never leave this place, very seldom even this little quadrangle, and
when other work does not need immediate attention (a state of things at
which I have not arrived as yet), there are always a dozen new languages
to be taken up, translations to be made, &c. So that when I read
a letter which is full of just such matters as I think much of, I
naturally long to talk on paper freely with the writer. Were I in
England, I know scarcely any place to which I would go sooner than
Winchester, Hursley, Otterbourne, and then I should doubtless talk as
now I write freely. All that you write of the state of mind generally in
England on religious questions is most deeply interesting. What a matter
of thankfulness that you can say, "With all the sins and shortcomings
that are amongst us, there is an unmistakeable spreading of devotion and
the wish to serve God rightly on the part of very many."

'Then, the Church preferments have lately been good; Bishop Ellicott,
one of your four coadjutors in the revision of the A. V., especially.
I know some part of his Commentary, and am very glad to find that you
speak so very highly of it. What a contrast to be sure between such work
as his and Jowett's and Stanley's! Jowett actually avows a return to
the old exploded theory of the inaccurate use of language in the
Greek Testament. This must make men distrust him sooner or later as an
interpreter of Scripture. I thank you heartily for your offer of sending
me Bishop Ellicott's Commentary, but I hardly like you to send me so
valuable a gift. What if you substitute for it a copy of what you have
written yourself, not less valuable to me, and less expensive to you? I
hardly like to write to ask favours of such people as Bishop Ellicott;
I mean I have no right to do so; yet I almost thought of asking him to
send a copy of his Commentaries to us for our library. I have ventured
to write to Dean Trench: and I am pretty sure that Mr. Keble will send
me his "Life of Bishop Wilson." But pray act as you wish. I am very
grateful to you for thinking of it at all; and all such books whether
yours or his will be used and valued, I can undertake to say. My good
friend Kidding knows that I was, alas! no scholar at Eton or Oxford. I
have sought to remedy this in some measure as far as the Greek Testament
is concerned, and there are some excellent books which help one much;
yet I can never make myself a good scholar, I fear; one among many
penalties I pay for want of real industry in old days.

'Miss Yonge will hear from my sisters, and you from her, I have no
doubt, my very scanty account of a very uninteresting voyage. I see
everywhere signs of a change really extraordinary in the last few years.
I can tell no stories of sudden conversions, striking effects, &c. But
I know that in twenty, thirty, perhaps forty places, where a year or two
ago no white man could land without some little uncertainty as to his
reception, I can feel confident now of meeting with friends; I can walk
inland--a thing never dreamt of in old days, sleep ashore, put myself
entirely into their hands, and meet with a return of the confidence on
their part. We have, too, more dialects, talk or find interpreters in
more places; our object in coming to them is more generally known--and
in Mota, and two or three other small islands of the Banks group, there
is almost a system of instruction at work. The last voyage was a failure
in that I could not visit many islands, nor revisit some that I longed
to land at for the second or third time. But I don't anticipate any
difficulty in reestablishing (D. V.) all the old familiarity before
long. No doubt it is all, humanly speaking, hazardous where so much
seems to depend upon the personal acquaintance with the people.

'By-and-by I hope to have some young man of character and ability enough
to allow of his being regarded as my probable successor, who may always
go with me--not stop on any one island--but learn the kind of work I
have to do; then, when I no longer can do the work, it will be taken up
by a man already known to the various islanders.

'I have not touched on many points in your letter. Again, thank you for
it: it is very kind of you to write. I must send a line to Dr. Eidding.

'I am, my dear Dr. Moberly,

'Yours very truly,

'J. C. PATTESON, Bishop.'


The next of the closely written sheets that every mail carried was
chiefly occupied with the Maori war and apostasy, on which this is not
the place to enter, until the point where more personal reflections
begin.

'How all this makes me ponder about my own special work I need not say.
There is not the complication of an English colony, it is true; that
makes a great difference.

'My own feeling is that one should teach positive truth, the plain
message of Christianity, not attacking prejudices. Conviction as it
finds its way into the heart by the truth recommending itself will do
the work of casting out the old habits. I do not mean to say that the
devil is not in a special way at work to deceive people to follow lying
delusions. But all error is a perversion of truth; it has its existence
negatively only, as being a negation of truth. But God is truth, and
therefore Truth is ----. Now this is practically to be put, it seems to
me, in this way. Error exists in the mind of man, whom God has created,
as a perversion of truth; his faculties are constructed to apprehend
and rest satisfied with truth. But his faculties are corrupted, and
the devil supplies a false caricature of truth, and deceives him to
apprehend and rest satisfied with a lie. But inasmuch as his nature,
though damaged, is not wholly ruined by the Fall, therefore it is still
not only possible for him to recognise positive truth when presented
to him, but he will never rest satisfied with anything else--he will be
restless and uneasy till he has found it.

'It is because I feel that it is more natural to man to follow truth
than error ("natural" being understood to mean correspondent to the
true nature) that I believe the right thing is to address oneself to
the principle in a man which can and will recognise truth. Truth
when recognised expels error. But why attack error without positively
inculcating truth? I hope it does not bore you for me to write all this.
But I wish you to learn all that may explain my way of dealing with
these questions.'

The next day, October 25, a headache gives the Bishop a reason for
indulging himself, while waiting for his pupils, in calling up and
setting down a realisation of his sisters' new home at St. Mary Church,
where for the time he seems to go and live with them, so vividly does he
represent the place to himself. His first return to his own affairs is
a vision that once more shows his unappeased craving for all appliances
'for glory and for beauty' in the worship of God.

'I may some day have a connection with Mary Church marbles. Sometimes
I have a vision--but I must live twenty years to see more than a
vision--of a small but exceedingly beautiful Gothic chapel, rich inside
with marbles and stained glass and carved stalls and encaustic tiles and
brass screen work. I have a feeling that a certain use of really good
ornaments may be desirable, and being on a very small scale it might be
possible to make a very perfect thing some day. There is no notion of my
indulging such a thought. It may come some day, and most probably long
after I am dead and gone. It would be very foolish to spend money upon
more necessary things than a beautiful chapel at present, when in fact
I barely pay my way at all. And yet a really noble church is a wonderful
instrument of education, if we think only of the lower way of regarding
it. Well, you have a grand church, and it is pleasant to think of dear
dear Father having laid the stone, and of Cousin George. What would
he say now to Convocation and Synods, and the rapid progress of the
organisation of the Church?

'I think that what you say, Fan, about my overvaluing the world's
opinion is very true. Self-consciousness and a very foolish sinful
vanity always have been and are great sources of trial to me. How often
I have longed for that simplicity and truthfulness of character that
we saw so beautifully exemplified in our dear Father! How often I think
that it is very good for me that I am so wanting in all personal gifts!
I should be intolerable! I tell you this, not to foster such feelings by
talking of them, but because we wish to know and be known to each
other as we are. It is a very easy thing to be a popular preacher here,
perhaps anywhere. You know that I never write a really good sermon, but
I carry off platitudes with a sort of earnest delivery, tolerably clear
voice, and with all the prestige of being a self-devoted Missionary
Bishop. Bless their hearts! if they could see me sipping a delicious
cup of coffee, with some delightful book by my side, and some of my lads
sitting with me, all of them really loving one, and glad to do anything
for one!

'A less self-conscious person could do what I can hardly do without
danger. I see my name in a book or paper, and then comes at once a
struggle against some craving after praise. I think I know the fault,
but I don't say I struggle against it as I ought to do. It is very hard,
therefore, for me to write naturally about work in which I am myself
engaged. But I feel that a truthful account of what we see and hear
ought to be given, and yet I never speak about the Mission without
feeling that I have somehow conveyed a false impression.'


Again there was a time of sickness. The weather alternated between keen
cutting winds and stifling heat; and there was much illness among the
colonists, as well as a recurrence of the dreadful disease of the former
year among the scholars of St. Andrew's, though less severe, and one
boy died after fourteen days' sickness, while two pulled through with
difficulty. In the midst came the Ember Week, when Mr. Palmer was
ordained Deacon; and then the Bishop collapsed under ague, and spent the
morning of Christmas Day in bed, but was able to get up and move into
chapel for the celebration, and afterwards to go into hall and see the
scholars eat their Christmas dinner.

In the letter he wrote in the latter part of the day, he confessed that
'he felt older and less springy;' though, as he added, there was
good reason for it in the heavy strain that there had been upon him
throughout the year, though his native, scholars were all that he could
desire.

A few days' holiday and change at the Primate's brought back spirits and
strength; but the question whether under any circumstances New Zealand
would be a safe residence for the great body of Melanesian scholars
was becoming doubtful, and it seemed well to consider of some other
locality. Besides, it was felt to be due to the supporters of the
Mission in Australia to tell them personally how great had been the
progress made since 1855; and, accordingly, on one of the first days of
February, Bishop Patteson embarked in a mail steamer for Sydney, but
he was obliged to leave six of his lads in a very anxious state with
a recurrence of dysentery. However, the Governor, Sir George Grey, had
lent his place on the island of Kawau, thirty miles north of Auckland,
to the party, so that there was good hope that change would restore the
sick.

'Fancy me,' says the Journal of February 6, 'on board a screw steamer,
252 feet long, with the best double cabin on board for my own single
use, the manager of the company being anxious to show me every
attention, eating away at all sorts of made dishes, puddings, &c., and
lounging about just as I please on soft red velvet sofas and cushions.'

The rest and good living were the restorative he needed; and, in spite
of anxiety about the patients at home, he enjoyed and profited by it.

On February 6, Sydney was reached, but the Bishop sailed on at once for
his farthest point. At Melbourne, on the 11th, he quaintly declares,
after describing his kind reception: 'I feel at present a stranger among
strangers; no new thing to me, especially if they are black, and begin
by offering me cocoa-nut instead of bread and butter. This place
looks too large for comfort--like a section of London, busy, bustling,
money-making. There are warm hearts somewhere amid the great stores and
banks and shops, I dare say. But you know it feels a little strange,
and especially as I think it not unlikely that a regular hearty Church
feeling may not be the rule of the place. Still I am less shy than I
was, and with real gentlemen feel no difficulty in discussing points on
which we differ.

It is the vulgar uneducated fellow that beats me. The Melanesians, laugh
as you may at it, are naturally gentlemanly and courteous and well-bred.
I never saw a "gent" in Melanesia, though not a few downright savages. I
vastly prefer the savage.'

Melbourne was, however, to be taken on the return; and he went on to
Adelaide, where Bishop Short and the clergy met him at the port, and he
was welcomed most heartily. The Diocesan Synod assembled to greet him,
and presented an address; and there were daily services and meetings,
when great interest was excited, and tangibly proved by the raising of
about £250. He was perfectly astonished at the beauty and fertility
of the place, and the exceeding luxuriance of the fruit. One bunch
of grapes had been known to weigh fourteen pounds. As to the style of
living with all ordinary English comforts and attendance, he says:--'I
feel almost like a fish out of water, and yet I can't help enjoying it.
One very easily resumes old luxurious habits, and yet the thought of
my dear boys, sick as I fear some must be, helps to keep me in a sober
state of mind.'

On St. Matthew's Day he assisted at an Ordination: and on the 27th
returned to Melbourne for three weeks, and thence to Sydney. His time
was so taken up that his letters are far more scanty and hurried than
usual.

'I have been running no little risk of being spoilt, and I don't say
that I have come off uninjured. In Melbourne I was told by the Dean (the
Bishop is in England) and by Judge Pohlman (an excellent good man)
that they remembered no occasion during the twenty-two years of sojourn
(before Melbourne was more than a village) when so much interest had
been shown in Christian work, especially Mission work. This is a thing
to be very thankful for. I felt it my duty to speak strongly to them on
their own duties, first to Aborigines, secondly to Chinese (of whom some
40,000 live in Victoria), thirdly to Melanesians. I did not aim only at
getting money for Melanesia; I took much higher ground than that. But
the absence of the ordinary nonsense about startling conversions, rapid
results, &c., and the matter-of-fact unsentimental way of stating the
facts of heathenism, and the way to act upon it, did, no doubt, produce
a very remarkable effect.

'I need not tell you that I did pray for strength to make good use
of such unexpected and very unusual opportunities. Crowded meetings,
nothing before like it in Melbourne or the provinces. I did not feel
nervous, much to my surprise; I really wonder at it, I had dreaded it
much.

'It was a sight to see St. George's Hall crowded, children sitting on
the floor, platform, anywhere, and very many adults (about 500) besides.
Now you know my old vanity. Thank God, I don't think it followed me very
much here. There was a strong sense of a grand opportunity, and the need
of grace to use it.'

The enthusiasm at Victoria resulted in 350 pounds, and pledges of future
assistance; and at Sydney there was the like grand meeting, the like
address, and hearty response; and the Churches of Australia pledged
themselves to bear the annual expenses of the voyages of the 'Southern
Cross.' A number of young clerks and officials, too, united in an
arrangement by which she could be insured, high as was the needful rate.

The preaching and speeches produced an immense feeling, and the after
review of the expedition is thus recorded:--

'As for my sermons in Australia, I found to my surprise that every
minute was so occupied that I could not make time to write; and as for
doing so in New Zealand before I started, why, I systematized and put
into the printer's hands, in about four months, grammars, &c., more or
less complete, of seventeen languages, working up eight or ten more in
MS.!

'I had to preach extempore for the most part: I did not at all like it,
but what could I do? Sermons and speeches followed like hail--at least
one, sometimes two on week-days, and three on Sundays. I preached on
such points as I had often talked out with the Primate and Sir William,
and illustrated principles by an occasional statement of facts drawn
from missionary experience.

'Now, old Fan, as you know, the misery of self-consciousness and conceit
clings to me. I can't, as dear old father could, tell you what actually
occurred without doing myself harm in the telling of it.

'It pleased God to make me able to say all through what I think it was
good for people to hear. All meetings and services (with a few, very few
exceptions, from heavy rains, &c.) were crowded. I could not in a few
minutes speak with any degree of completeness on subjects which for
years had occupied my thoughts: I was generally about an hour and
a half, occasionally longer--I tried to be shorter. But people were
attentive and interested all through. At Melbourne, it was said that
1,500 children (at a meeting for them) were present, and 500 adults,
including many of the most educated people. All, children included, were
as still as mice for an hour and a half, except occasional cheers.

'But generally there was little excitement. I did not, as you can
suppose, take the sensation line; spoke very rapidly, for I had no time
to spare--but clearly and quietly, sometimes gravely, sometimes with
exceeding earnestness, and exposed sophistries and fallacies and errors
about the incapacity of the black races, &c. There were times when I
lost all sense of nervousness and self, and only wished that 10,000
people had been present, for I felt that I was speaking out, face to
face, plain simple words of truth.

'The effect at the time was no doubt very remarkable. The Dean of
Melbourne, e.g., said publicly that no such earnestness in religious,
matters had ever been exhibited there. The plan of Mission work was
simple, practicable, commended itself to hard-headed men of business.
Many came to hear who had been disgusted with the usual sentimentalism
and twaddle, the absence of knowledge of human nature, the amount of
conventional prejudice, &c. They were induced to come by friends who
represented that this was something quite different, and these men
went away convinced in many cases, seconding resolutions and paying
subscriptions.

'I said what was true, that I was the mouthpiece of the Bishop of New
Zealand; that I could speak freely of the plan of the Mission, for it
was not my plan, &c. How I was carried through it all, I can't say. I
was unusually well, looked and felt bright, and really after a while
enjoyed it, though I was always glad when my share in the speechifying
was over. Yet I did feel it a blessing, and a privilege, to stand up
there and speak out; and I did speak out, and told them their plain
duties, not appealing to feelings, but aiming at convincing the
judgment. I told 1,500 people in church at Sydney, "I speak as to wise
men, judge ye what I say." Do you know, Fan, I almost feel that if I
live a few years I ought to write a book, unless I can get the Primate
to do it? So much that is self-evident to us, I now see to be quite
unknown to many good educated men. I don't mean a silly book, but a very
simple statement of general principles of Christian work, showing the
mode that must be adopted in dealing with men as partakers of a
common nature, coupled with the many modifications and adaptations to
circumstances which equally require special gifts of discernment and
wisdom from on high. Then occasional narratives, by way of illustration,
to clench the statement of principles, might be introduced; but I can't
write, what I might write if I chose, folios of mere events without
deducing from them some maxims for Christian practice.'

The impression produced was deep and lasting at all the Australian
capitals, including Brisbane.

A plan was even set on foot for transferring a part of the Melanesian
school to a little island not far from the coast of Queensland, in a
much warmer climate than Kohimarama, where it was thought Australian
natives might be gathered in.

Here is the description of the place, written a day or two after the
return to New Zealand:--


'St. Andrew's: April 27, 1864.

'My dear Cousin,--I returned on the 24th from Australia. I visited the
dioceses of Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane. Everywhere I met
with great encouragement; and indeed, I thank God that (as I had hoped)
the special work of the Mission became the means of exciting
unusual interest in the work of the Church generally. It was a great
opportunity, a great privilege in the crowded meetings to tell people
face to face their duties, to stand up as the apologist of the despised
Australian black, and the Chinese gold-digger, and the Melanesian
islander.

'All the Primate had taught me--what heathenism is, how to deal with
it, the simple truisms about the "common sin, common redemption," the
capacity latent in every man, because he is a man, and not a fallen
angel nor a brute beast, the many conventional errors on Mission
(rather) ministerial work--many, many things I spoke of very fully and
frequently. I felt it was a great responsibility. How strange that I
forgot all my nervous dread, and only wished there could be thousands
more present, for I knew that I was speaking words of truth, of hope,
and love; and God did mercifully bless much that He enabled, me to say,
and men's hearts were struck within them, though, indeed, I made no
effort to excite them.

'Much may result from it. We may have a branch school on the S.W.
of Curtis Island, on the east coast of Queensland, healthy, watered,
wooded, with anchorage, about 25° S. latitude, a fair wind to and from
some of the islands; to which place I could rapidly carry away sick
persons.

'There I could convey two hundred or more scholars, in the same time
required to bring sixty to New Zealand; there yams can be grown; there
it may be God's will that a work may be commenced at length among the
remnant that is left of the Australian blacks. The latter consideration
is very strongly urged upon me by the united voice of the Australian
Churches, by none more strongly than by the Bishop of Sydney. I dare to
hope that the communion of the Australian and New Zealand Churches will
be much strengthened by the Mission as a link. What blessings, what
mercies!

'This will not involve an abandonment of St Andrew's, but the work must
expand. I think Australia will supply near 1,000 pounds a year, perhaps
more before long.

'To teach me that all is in His hands, we have again had a visitation
from dysentery. It has been very prevalent everywhere, no medical men
remember such a season. We have lost from consumption two, and from
dysentery six this year; in fourteen months not less than fourteen: more
than in all the other years put together. Marvellous to relate, all our
old baptized and confirmed scholars are spared to us. Good-bye, and God
ever bless and keep you.

'Your affectionate cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON, Bishop.'


One of these deaths was that of Kareambat, the little New Caledonian
confided to the Bishop of New Zealand by poor Basset. He had been
christened on the previous Epiphany.

No doubt this grief on coming home increased the effect of this year of
trial. Indeed even on the voyage there had been this admission, 'Somehow
I don't feel right with all this holiday; I have worked really very
hard, but "change of work is the best holiday." I don't feel springy. I
am not so young as I was, that's the truth of it, and this life is not
likely to be a long one. Yet when used up for this work, absence of
continual anxiety and more opportunity of relaxation may carry a man on
without his being wholly useless!'

The Maori war was a constant grief and anxiety to all the friends on
shore, and there was thus evidently much less elasticity left to meet
the great shock that was preparing for the voyagers in the expedition of
1864. Mr. Codrington was not of the party, having been obliged to go to
England to decide whether it was possible to give himself wholly to the
Mission; and the staff therefore consisted of Mr. Pritt, Mr. Kerr, and
Mr. Palmer, with Mr. Joseph Atkin, whose journal his family have kindly
put at my disposal.

The endeavour was to start after the Ascension Day Communion, but things
were not forward enough. May was not, however, very far advanced before
the 'Southern Cross' was at sea.

On May 17, Norfolk Island was visited, and Edwin Nobbs and Fisher Young
had what proved to be their last sight, of their home and friends. The
plan was to go on to Nengone and Erromango, take up the stores sent to
the latter place from Sydney, drop the two clergymen at Mota, and after
a stay there, go to the New Hebrides, and then take up the party, and if
possible leave them to make experiment of Curtis Island, while going to
those Santa Cruz islands for which he always seems to have had such a
yearning.

'I feel as usual,' he finishes the letter sent from Norfolk Island,
'that no one can tell what may be the issue of such voyages. I pray and
trust that God will mercifully reveal to me "what I ought to do, and
give me grace and power to fulfil the same."

'I have now been for some time out of the way of this kind of work, but
I hope that all may be safely ordered for us. It is all in His hands;
and you all feel, as I try to do, that there should be no cause for
anxiety or trouble.

'Yet there are moments when one has such an overwhelming sense of one's
sins and negligences provoking God to chastise one. I know that His
merciful intention towards men must be accomplished, and on the whole
I rest thankfully in that, and feel that He will not suffer my utter
unworthiness to hinder His work of love and goodness.'

At Mota, Mr. Atkin's journal shows to what work a real helper needed to
be trained:--

'The Mission-house had lost its roof in a gale of wind. The epidemic
that was raging last year did not seem to have continued long after with
such violence; some more of the people were dead, but not very many.
We took off all the Mota boys, and things that were wanted in three
boat-loads, the last time leaving the Bishop. There was, fortunately,
very little surf, and we got nothing wet, but as the tide was high, we
had to carry the things over the coral reefs with the water a little
above our knees.

'About an hour later we dropped anchor at Vanua Lava. On Saturday
morning I went ashore with the boat, and got water for washing and sand
for scrubbing decks, and several tons of taro and yams discharged on
board the vessel. Then made another trip, left all the boys on shore
for a holiday, and took off twelve or fourteen cwt. of yams, taro, and
cocoa-nuts. After dinner and washing up, went to fetch boys back. Where
we bought the yams there was such a surf breaking that we could not haul
the boat on the beach, and we had to wade and carry them out. After we
got on board, we had a bathe. Two of the Solomon Islanders distinguished
themselves by jumping off the fore-yard, and diving under the ship.
Mr. Tilly and the mates had been stowing, and the rest of us had been
getting yams all day, and if our friends could have seen us then,
haggard-looking and dirty, singing choruses to nigger melodies, how
shocked they would have been!

'Next Thursday went across to Mota, took the Bishop on board, and sailed
south as fast as possible.

'Sunday morning we were at the entrance of the passage between Ambrym
and Mallicolo, without a breath of wind. We had service at 10 A.M.; and
in the afternoon, psalms and hymns and chants in the cabin, the Bishop
doing most of the singing.

'June 6th.--On Monday morning we landed at the old place at Tariko. We
began to buy some yams. The Bishop and William Pasvorang went ashore,
and the rest of us stayed in the boat, keeping her afloat and off
the reefs. Unfortunately the place where we landed was neutral ground
between two tribes, who both brought yams to the place to sell. One
party said another was getting too many hatchets, and two or three drew
off and began shooting at the others. One man stood behind the Bishop,
a few feet from him, and fired away in the crowd with a will. The
consternation and alarm of both parties were very ludicrous. Some of
each set were standing round the boat, armed with bows and arrows, but
they were so frightened that they never seemed to think of using them,
but ran off as hard as they could scamper to the shallow water, looking
over their shoulders to see if the enemies' arrows were after them. One
arrow was fired at the Bishop from the shore, and one hit the boat just
as we pushed off.

'The Bishop himself says of this fray:--"I was in the middle, one man
only remained by me, crouching under the lee of the branch of the tree,
and shooting away from thence within a yard of me. I did not like to
leave the steel-yard, and I had to detach it from the rope with which
it was tied to the tree, and the basket too was half full of yams and
heavy, so that it was some time before I got away, and walked down the
beach, and waded to the boat, shooting going on all round at the time;
no one shooting at me, yet as they shot on both sides of me at each
other, I was thankful to get well out of it. I thought of him who
preserves from 'the arrow that flieth by day,' as He has so mercifully
preserved so many of us from 'the sickness.'" Now don't go and let this
little affair be printed.'

At Parama there was a friendly landing. At Sopevi Mr. Atkin says: 'We
could not find the landing place where the Bishop two years ago found
several people. We saw three or four on the shore. They were just the
same colour as the dust from the volcano. What a wretched state they
must be in! If they go to the neighbouring-isles they will be killed as
enemies, and if they stay at home they are constantly suffocated by
the ashes, which seemed to have fallen lately to the depth of more than
afoot.'

At Mallicolo a landing place was found, and an acquaintance begun
by means of gifts of calico. At Leper's Island St. Barnabas Day was
celebrated by bringing off two boys, but here again was peril. The
Bishop writes:--

'The people, though constantly fighting, and cannibals and the rest of
it, are to me very attractive, light-coloured, and some very handsome.
As I sat on the beach with a crowd about me, most of them suddenly
jumped up and ran off. Turning my head I saw a man (from the boat they
saw two men) a few yards from me, corning to me with club uplifted. I
remained sitting, and held out a few fish-hooks to him, but one or two
men jumped up and seizing him by the waist forced him off. After a few
minutes (lest they should think I was suspicious of them), I went back
to the boat. I found out from the two young men who went away with
me from another place, just what I expected to hear, viz. that a poor
fellow called Moliteum was shot dead two months ago by a trader for
stealing a bit of calico. The wonder was, not that they wanted to avenge
the death of their kinsman, but that the others should have prevented
it. How could they possibly know that I was not one of the wicked
set? Yet they did discriminate; and here again, always by the merciful
Providence of God, the plan of going among the people unarmed and
unsuspiciously has been seen to disarm their mistrust and to make them
regard me as a friend.'

Curtis Island was inspected, but there was no possibility of leaving a
party to make experiment on it; and then the 'Southern Cross' sailed for
the Santa Cruz cluster, that group whose Spanish name was so remarkable
a foreboding of what they were destined to become to that small party
of Christian explorers. Young Atkin made no entry in his diary of those
days, and could never bear to speak of them; and yet, from that time
forward, his mind was fully made up to cast in his lot with the Mission.

It was on August 15 that the first disaster at these islands took
place. Not till the 27th could the Bishop--on his sister Fanny's
birthday--begin a letter to her, cheering himself most touchingly with
the thought of the peace at home, and then he broke off half way, and
could not continue for some days:--

'My dearest Fan,--You remember the old happy anniversaries of your
birthday--the Feniton party--the assembly of relations--the regular
year's festivity.

'No doubt this anniversary brings as much true happiness, the assurance
of a more abiding joy, the consciousness of deeper and truer sympathy.
You are, I hope, to pass the day cheerfully and brightly with perhaps
---- and ---- about you.... Anyhow, I shall think of you as possibly all
together, the remnant of the old family gathering, on a calm autumn day,
with lovely South Devon scenery around you.

'The day comes to me in the midst of one of the deepest sorrows I have
ever known--perhaps I have never felt such sorrow...perhaps I have
never been so mercifully supported under it. It is a good and profitable
sorrow I trust for me: it has made so much in me reveal itself as
hollow, worldly, selfish, vainglorious. It has, I hope, helped to
strip away the veil, and may be by God's blessing the beginning of more
earnest life-long repentance and preparation for death.

'On August 15 I was at Santa Cruz. You know that I had a very remarkable
day there three years ago. I felt very anxious to renew acquaintance
with the people, who are very numerous and strong.

'I went off in the boat with Atkin (twenty), Pearce (twenty-three or
twenty-four years old), Edwin Nobbs, Fisher Young, and Hunt Christian,
the last three Norfolk Islanders. Atkin, Edwin and Fisher have been with
me for two or three years--all young fellows of great promise, Fisher
perhaps the dearest of all to me, about eighteen, and oh! so good, so
thoroughly truthful, conscientious, and unselfish!

'I landed at two places among many people, and after a while came back
as usual to the boat. All seemed pleasant and hopeful. At the third
place I landed amidst a great crowd, waded over the broad reef
(partially uncovered at low water), went into a house, sat down for some
time, then returned among a great crowd to the boat and got into it. I
had some difficulty in detaching the hands of some men swimming in the
water.

'Well, when the boat was about fifteen yards from the reef, on
which crowds were standing, they began (why I know not) to shoot at
us.--(Another letter adds) 300 or 400 people on the reef, and five or
six canoes being round us, they began to shoot at us.--I had not shipped
the rudder, so I held it up, hoping it might shield off any arrows that
came straight, the boat being end on, and the stern, having been backed
into the reef, was nearest to them.

'When I looked round after a minute, providentially indeed, for the
boat was being pulled right into a small bay on the reef, and would have
grounded, I saw Pearce lying between the thwarts, with the long shaft
of an arrow in his chest, Edwin Nobbs with an arrow as it seemed in his
left eye, many arrows flying close to us from many quarters. Suddenly
Fisher Young, pulling the stroke oar, gave a faint scream; he was shot
through the left wrist. Not a word was spoken, only my "Pull! port
oars, pull on steadily." Once dear Edwin, with the fragment of the
arrow sticking in his cheek, and the blood streaming down, called out,
thinking even then more of me than of himself, "Look out, sir! close to
you!" But indeed, on all sides they were close to us!

'How we any of us escaped I can't tell; Fisher and Edward pulled on,
Atkin had taken Pearce's oar, Hunt pulled the fourth oar. By God's mercy
no one else was hit, but the canoes chased us to the schooner. In about
twenty minutes we were on board, the people in the canoes round the
vessel seeing the wounded paddled off as hard as they could, expecting
of course that we should take vengeance on them. But I don't at all
think that they were cognisant of the attack on shore.'


Several letters were written about this adventure; but I have thought
it better to put them together, every word being Bishop Patteson's own,
because such a scene is better realised thus than by reading several
descriptions for the most part identical. What a scene it is! The
palm-clad island, the reef and sea full of the blacks, the storm of long
arrows through the air, the four youths pulling bravely and steadily,
and their Bishop standing over them, trying to ward off the blows with
the rudder, and gazing with the deep eyes and steadfast smile that had
caused many a weapon to fall harmless!

Pearce, it should be observed, was a volunteer for the Mission then on a
trial-trip.

There was an even more trying time to come on board. The Bishop
continues:--

'I drew out the arrow from Pearce's chest: a slanting wound not going
in very deep, running under the skin, yet of apparently almost fatal
character to an ignorant person like myself; Five inches were actually
inside him. The arrow struck him almost in the centre of the chest and
in the direction of the right breast. There was no effusion of blood,
he breathed with great difficulty, groaning and making a kind of hollow
sound, was perfectly composed, gave me directions and messages in case
of his death. I put on a poultice and bandage, and leaving him in charge
of some one, went to Fisher. The wrist was shot through, but the upper
part of the arrow broken off and deep down; bleeding profuse, of which
I was glad; I cut deeply, though fearing much to cut an artery, but I
could not extract the wooden arrow-head. At length getting a firm hold
of the projecting point of the arrow on the lower side of his wrist,
I pulled it through: it came out clean. The pain was very great, he
trembled and shivered: we gave him brandy, and he recovered. I poulticed
the wound and went to Edwin. Atkin had got out the splinter from his
wound; the arrow went in near the eye and came out by the cheek-bone:
it was well syringed, and the flow of blood had been copious from the
first. The arrows were not bone-headed, and not poisoned, but I well
knew that lock-jaw was to be dreaded. Edwin's was not much more than
a flesh wound. Fisher's being in the wrist, frightened me more: their
patience and quiet composure and calm resignation were indeed a strength
and comfort to us all.

'This was on Monday, August 15. All seemed doing well for a day or two,
I kept on poultices, gave light nourishing food, &c. But on Saturday
morning Fisher said to me, "I can't make out what makes my jaws feel so
stiff."

'Then my heart sank down within me, and I prayed earnestly, earnestly
to God. I talked to the dear dear lad of his danger, night and day we
prayed and read. A dear guileless spirit indeed. I never saw in so young
a person such a thorough conscientiousness as for two years I witnessed
in his daily life, and I had long not only loved but respected him.

'We had calm weather and could not get on. By Saturday the jaws were
tight-locked. Then more intense grew the pain, the agony, the whole body
rigid like a bar of iron! Oh! how I blessed God who carried me through
that day and night. How good he was in his very agonies, in his fearful
spasms, thanking God, praying, pressing my hand when I prayed and
comforted him with holy words of Scripture. None but a well-disciplined,
humble, simple Christian could so have borne his sufferings: the habit
of obedience and faith and patience; the childlike unhesitating trust in
God's love and fatherly care, supported him now. He never for a moment
lost his hold upon God. What a lesson it was! it calmed us all. It
almost awed me to see in so young a lad so great an instance of God's
infinite power, so great a work of good perfected in one young enough to
have been confirmed by me.

'At 1 A.M. (Monday) I moved from his side to my couch, only three yards
off. Of course we were all (I need not say) in the after cabin. He said
faintly, "Kiss me. I am very glad that I was doing my duty. Tell my
father that I was in the path of duty, and he will be so glad. Poor
Santa Cruz people!" Ah! my dear boy, you will do more for their
conversion by your death than ever we shall by our lives. And as I lay
down almost convulsed with sobs, though not audible, he said (so Mr.
Tilly afterwards told me), "Poor Bishop!" How full his heart was of love
and peace, and thoughts of heaven. "Oh! what love," he said. The last
night when I left him for an hour or two at 1 A.M. only to lie down in
my clothes by his side, he said faintly (his body being then rigid as
a bar of iron), "Kiss me, Bishop." At 4 A.M. he started as if from a
trance; he had been wandering a good deal, but all his words even
then were of things pure and holy. His eyes met mine, and I saw the
consciousness gradually coming back into them. "They never stop singing
there, sir, do they?"--for his thoughts were with the angels in heaven.
Then, after a short time, the last terrible struggle, and then he fell
asleep. And remember, all this in the midst of that most agonizing, it
may be, of all forms of death. At 4 A.M. he was hardly conscious, not
fully conscious: there were same fearful spasms: we fanned him and
bathed his head and occasionally got a drop or two of weak brandy or
wine and water down. Then came the last struggle. Oh! how I thanked God
when his head at length fell back, or rather his whole body, for it was
without joint, on my arm: long drawn sighs with still sadder contraction
of feature succeeded, and while I said the Commendatory Prayer, he
passed away.

'The same day we anchored in Port Patteson, and buried him in a quiet
spot near the place where the Primate and I first landed years ago.
It seems a consecration of the place that the body of that dear child
should be resting there.

'Some six years ago, when Mrs. Selwyn stopped at Norfolk Island she
singled him out as the boy of special promise. For two or three years he
had been with me, and my affection flowed out naturally to him. God had
tried him by the two sicknesses at Kohimarama and at Mota, and by his
whole family returning to Pitcairn. I saw that he had left all for this
work. He had become most useful, and oh! how we shall miss him!

'But about five days after this (August 22) Edwin's jaws began to
stiffen. For nine or ten days there was suspense, so hard to bear. Some
symptoms were not so bad, it did not assume so acute a form. I thought
he ought to be carried through it. He was older, about twenty-one, six
feet high, a strong handsome young man, the pride of Norfolk Island,
the destined helper and successor (had God so willed) of his father, the
present Clergyman. The same faith, the same patience, the same endurance
of suffering.

'On Friday, September 2, I administered the Holy Communion to him
and Pearce. He could scarce swallow the tiniest crumb. He was often
delirious, yet not one word but spoke of things holy and pure, almost
continually in prayer. He was in the place where Fisher had died, the
best part of the cabin for an invalid. Sunday came: he could take no
nourishment, stomach and back in much pain: a succession of violent
spasms at about 10.30 A.M., but his body never became quite rigid. The
death struggle at 1 A.M. September 5, was very terrible. Three of us
could scarcely hold him. Then he sank back on my arm, and his spirit
passed away as I commended his soul to God. Then all motionless. After
some minutes, I said the first prayer in the Burial Service, then
performed the last offices, then had a solemn talk with Pearce, and
knelt down, I know not how long.

'We buried him at sea. All this time we were making very slow progress;
indeed the voyage has been very remarkable in all respects. Pearce
seems to be doing very well, so that I am very hopeful about him. The
temperature now is only 72 degrees, and I imagine that his constitution
is less liable to that particular disease. Yet punctured wounds are
always dangerous on this account.

'Patience and trust in God, the same belief in His goodness and love,
that He orders all things for our good, that this is but a proof of His
merciful dealing with us: such comforts God has graciously not withheld.
I never felt so utterly broken down, when I thought, and think, of the
earthly side of it all; never perhaps so much realised the comfort and
power of His Presence, when I have had grace to dwell upon the heavenly
and abiding side of it. I do with my better part heartily and humbly
thank Him, that He has so early taken these dear ones by a straight
and short path to their everlasting home. I think of them with blessed
saints, our own dear ones, in Paradise, and in the midst of my tears I
bless and praise God.

'But, dear Fan, Fisher most of all supplied to me the absence of earthly
relations and friends. He was my boy: I loved him as I think I never
loved any one else. I don't mean more than you all, but in a different
way: not as one loves another of equal age, but as a parent loves a
child.

'I can hardly think of my little room at Kohimarama without him. I
long for the sight of his dear face, the sound of his voice. It was
my delight to teach him, and he was clever and so thoughtful and
industrious. I know it is good that my affections should be weaned from
all things earthly. I try to be thankful, I think I am thankful really;
time too will do much, God's grace much more. I only wonder how I have
borne it all. "In the multitude of the sorrows that I had in my heart,
Thy comforts have refreshed my soul." Mr. Tilly has been and is full of
sympathy, and is indeed a great aid. He too has a heavy loss in these
two dear ones. And now I must land at Norfolk Island in the face of the
population crowding the little pier. Mr. Nobbs will be there, and the
brothers and sisters of Edwin, and the uncles and aunts of Fisher.

'Yet God will comfort them; they have been called to the high privilege
of being counted worthy to suffer for their Savior's sake. However much
I may reproach myself with want of caution and of prayer for guidance
(and this is a bitter thought), they were in the simple discharge of
their duty. Their intention and wish were to aid in bringing to those
poor people the Gospel of Christ. It has pleased God that in the
execution of this great purpose they should have met with their deaths.
Surely there is matter for comfort here!

'I can't write all this over again.... I have written at some length to
Jem also; put the two letters together, and you will be able to realise
it somewhat.

'This is a joint letter to you and Joan. It was begun on your birthday,
and it has been written with a heavy, dull weight of sorrow on my heart,
yet not unrelieved by the blessed consciousness of being drawn, as I
humbly trust, nearer to our most merciful Father in heaven, if only by
the very impossibility of finding help elsewhere. It has not been a time
without its own peculiar happiness. How much of the Bible seemed endued
with new powers of comfort.... How true it is, that they who seek,
find. "I sought the Lord, and He heard me." The closing chapters of the
Gospels, 2 Corinthians, and how many other parts of the New Testament
were blessings indeed! Jeremy Taylor's "Life of Christ," and "Holy
Living and Dying," Thomas a Kempis, most of all of course the
Prayer-book, and such solemn holy memories of our dear parents and
uncles, such blessed hopes of reunion, death brought so near, the
longing (if only not unprepared) for the life to come: I could not be
unhappy. Yet I could not sustain such a frame of mind long; and then
when I sank to the level of earthly thoughts, then came the weary
heartache, and the daily routine of work was so distasteful, and I felt
sorely tempted to indulge the "luxury of grief." But, thanks be to God,
it is not altogether an unhealthy sorrow, and I can rest in the full
assurance that all this is working out God's purposes of love and mercy
to us all--Melanesians, Pitcairners, and all; and that I needed the
discipline I know full well....

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. P.'


It was not possible to touch at Norfolk Island, each attempt was baffled
by the winds; and on September 16 the 'Southern Cross' anchored at
Kohimarama, and a sad little note was sent up to the Primate with the
announcement of the deaths and losses.

In spite of the comfort which, as this note said, Patteson felt 'in the
innocence of their lives, and the constancy of their faith' unto the
death, the fate of these two youths, coming at the close of a year
of unusual trial, which, as he had already said, had diminished his
elasticity, had a lasting effect. It seemed to take away his youthful
buoyancy, and marked lines of care on his face that never were effaced.
The first letter after his return begins by showing how full his heart
was of these his children:--


'Kohimarama: Sunday, September 18, 1864.

'My dearest Fan,--I must try to write without again making my whole
letter full of dear Edwin and Fisher. That my heart is full of them you
can well believe.

'These last five weeks have taught me that my reading of the Bible was
perhaps more intellectual and perhaps more theological than devotional,
to a dangerous extent probably; anyhow I craved for it as a revelation
not only of truth, but of comfort and support in heavy sorrow. It may be
that when the sorrow does not press so heavily, the Bible cannot speak
so wonderfully in that particular way of which I am writing, and it is
right to read it theologically also.

'But yet it should always be read with a view to some practical result;
and so often there is not a special, though many general points which
may make our reading at once practical. Then comes the real trial, and
then comes the wondrous power of God's Word to help and strengthen.

'Now it helps me to know where I am, to learn how others manage to see
where they are.

'All that you say about self-consciousness, &c., can't I understand it!
Ah! when I saw the guileless pure spirit of those two dear fellows ever
brightening more and more for now two years. I had respected them as
much as I loved them. I used to think, "Yes, we must become such as
they; we too must seek and pray for the mind of a little child."

'And surely the contemplation of God is the best cure. How admirable
Jeremy Taylor is on those points! Oh that he had not overlaid it all
with such superabundant ornamentation of style and rhetoric. But it is
the manner of the age. Many persons I suppose get over it, perhaps
like it; but I long for the same thoughts, the same tenderness and
truthfulness, and faithful searching words with a clear, simple, not
unimaginative diction. Yet his book is a great heritage.

'Newman has a sermon on Contemplation or Meditation, I forget which; and
my copy is on board. But I do hope that by praying for humility, with
contemplation of God's majesty and love and our Savior's humility and
meekness, some improvement may be mercifully vouchsafed to me.

'To dwell on His humiliation, His patience, that He should seek for
heavenly aids, accept the ministration of an angel strengthening Him,
how full of mystery and awe! and yet written for us! And yet we are
proud and self-justified and vainglorious!

'The Archbishop of York, in "Aids to Faith," on the Death of Christ, has
some most solemn and deep remarks on the Lord's Agony. I don't know that
it could ever be quite consistent with reverence to speak on what is
there suggested. Yet if I could hear Mr. Keble and Dr. Pusey (say)
prayerfully talking together on that great mystery, I should feel that
it might be very profitable. But he must be a very humble man who should
dare to speak on it. Yet read it, Fan, it cannot harm you; it is very
awful, it is fully meant that He was sinless, without spot, undefiled
through all. It makes the mystery of sin, and of what it cost to redeem
our souls, more awful than ever.

'And then, surely to the contemplation of God and the necessary contrast
of our own weakness and misery, we add the thought of our approaching
death, we anticipate the hours, the days, it may be the weeks and
months, even the years of weariness, pain, sleeplessness, thirst,
distaste for food, murmuring thoughts, evil spirits haunting us,
impatient longings after rest for which we are not yet prepared, the
thousand trials, discomforts, sadnesses of sickness--yes, it must come
in some shape; and is it to come as a friend or an enemy to snatch us
from what we love and enjoy, or to open the gates of Paradise?

'I humbly thank God that, while I dare not be sure that I am not
mistaken, and suppose that if ready to go I should be taken, the thought
of death at a distance is the thought of rest and peace, of more blessed
communion with God's saints, holy angels and the Lord. Yet I dare not
feel that if death was close at hand, it might not be far otherwise.
How often the "Christian Year," and all true divinity helps up here! Why
indulge in such speculations? Seek to prepare for death by dying daily.
Oh! that blessed text: Be not distracted, worry not yourselves about the
morrow, for the morrow shall, &c. How it does carry one through the day!
Bear everything as sent from God for your good, by way of chastisement
or of proving you. Pusey's sermon on Patience, Newman's on a Particular
Providence, guarding so wisely against abuse as against neglect of the
doctrine. How much to comfort and guide one! and then, most of all, the
continual use of the Prayer-book. Do you often use the Prayer at the
end of the Evening Service for Charles the Martyr? Leave out from "great
deep...teach us to number"--and substitute "pride" for "splendour."
Leave out "according to... blessed martyr." In the Primate's case, it is
a prayer full of meaning, and it may have a meaning for us all.

'Once more, the love of approbation is right and good, but then it
must be the love of the approbation of God and of good men. Here, as
everywhere, we abuse His gift; and it is a false teaching which bids
us suppress the human instinct which God implanted in us, but a true
leading, which bids us direct and use it to its appointed and legitimate
use. On this general subject, read if you have not read them, and you
can't read them too often, Butler's Sermons; you know, the great
Butler. I think you will easily get an analysis of them, such as Mill's
"Analysis of Pearson on the Creed," which will help you, if you want it.
Analyse them for yourself, if you like, and send me out your analysis
to look at. There is any amount of fundamental teaching there and the
imprimatur of thousands of good men to assure us of it.

'I think, as I have written to Joan, that if I were with you, after the
first few days my chiefest delight would be in reading and talking over
our reading of good books. Edwin and Fisher were beginning to
understand thoughtful books; and how I did delight in reading with them,
interspersing a little Pitcairn remark here and there! Ah! never more!
never more! But they don't want books now. All is clear now: they live
where there is no night, in the Glory of God and of the Lamb, resting
in Paradise, anticipating the full consummation of the Life of the
Resurrection. Thanks be to God, and it may not be long--but I must not
indulge such thoughts.

'I feel better, but at times this sad affliction weighs me down much,
and business of all kinds seems almost to multiply. Yet there are many
many comforts, and kindest sympathy.

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. P.'


Just at this time heavy sorrow fell upon Bishop Hobhouse of Nelson; and
the little council of friends at Auckland decided that Bishop Patteson
should go at once to do his best to assist and comfort him, and bring
him back to Auckland. There was a quiet time of wholesome rest at
Nelson; and the effects appeared in numerous letters, and in the
thinking out of many matters on paper to his sisters.

'Oh! how I think with such ever-increasing love of dear Fisher and
Edwin! How I praised God for them on All Saints' Day. But I don't expect
to recover spring and elasticity yet awhile. I don't think I shall ever
feel so young again. Really it is curious that the number of white hairs
is notably increased in these few weeks (though it is silly to talk
about it. Don't mention it!), and I feel very tired and indolent. No
wonder I seem to "go softly." But I am unusually happy down in the
depths, only the surface troubled. I hope that it is not fancy only that
makes the shortness and uncertainty of this life a ground of comfort
and joy. Perhaps it is, indeed I think it is, very much a mere cowardly
indolent shirking of work.

'Did I say I thought I might some day write a book? It will be some day
indeed. It seems funny enough to think of such a thing. The fact is, it
is much easier to me to speak than to write. I think I could learn
with a good deal of leisure and trouble to write intelligibly, but not
without it. I am so diffusive and wanting in close condensed habits
of thought. How often I go off in a multitude of words, and really say
nothing worthy to be remembered.

'How I should enjoy, indeed, a day or two at Hursley with Mr. and Mrs.
Keble. A line from him now and then, if he can find time, would be a
great delight to me; but I know that he thinks and prays, and that is
indeed a great happiness.

'Oh, the blessing of such thoughts as All Saints' Day brings!--and now
more dear than ever, every day brings!--"Patriarchs, prophets, apostles,
martyrs, and every spirit made perfect in the faith of Christ," as an
old Liturgy says. And the Collects in the Burial Service! How full, how
simple and soothing, how full of calm, holy, tender, blessed hopes and
anticipations!

'So you think the large Adelaide photograph very sad. I really don't
remember it; I fancy I thought it a very fair likeness. But you know
that I have a heavy lumpy dull look, except when talking--indeed, then
too for aught I know--and this may be mistaken for a sad look when it
is only a dull stupid one. You can't get a nice picture out of an ugly
face, so it's no use trying, but you are not looking for that kind of
thing. You want to see how far the face is any index of the character
and life and work.

I don't think it odd that I should look careworn. I have enough to make
me so! And yet if I were with you now, brightened up by being with you,
you would say, "How well he looks!" And you would think I had any amount
of work in me, as you saw me riding or walking or holding services. And
then I had to a very considerable extent got over that silly shyness,
which was a great trial and drawback to me of old, and sadly prevented
me from enjoying the society of people (at Oxford especially) which
would have done me much good. But without all these bodily defects, I
should have been even more vain, and so I can see the blessing and
mercy now, though how many times I have indulged murmuring rebellious
thoughts!

'Perhaps I shall live ten or twenty years, and look back and say, "I
recollect how in '64 I really almost thought I should not last long."
But don't fancy that I am morbidly cherishing such fancies. Only I like
you all to know me as I am changing in feeling from time to time. There
is quite enough to account for it all.'

A few days later he returned to Auckland, and thence wrote to me a
letter on the pros and cons of a move from New Zealand. The sight of
ships and the town he had ceased to think of great importance, and older
scholars had ceased to care for it, and there was much at that time to
recommend Curtis Island to his mind. The want of bread-fruit was the
chief disadvantage he then saw in it, but he still looked to keeping up
Kohimarama for a good many years to come. I cannot describe how tender
and considerate he was of feelings he thought I might possibly have of
disappointment that St. Andrew's was not a successful experiment as far
as health was concerned, evidently fearing that I had set my hopes on
that individual venture, and that my feelings might be hurt if it had to
be deserted.

The next letters are a good deal occupied with the troubles incident
to the judgment upon 'Essays and Reviews.' He took a view, as has been
seen, such as might be expected of the delicate refining metaphysical
mind, thinking out points for itself, and weighing the possible value
of every word, and differed from those who were in the midst of the
contest, and felt some form of resistance and protest needful. He
was strongly averse to agitation on the subject, and at the same time
grieved to find himself for the first time, to his own knowledge, not
accepting the policy of those whom he so much respected; though the
only difference in his mind from theirs was as to the manner of the
maintenance of the truth, and the immediate danger of error going
uncondemned--a point on which his remote life perhaps hardly enabled him
to judge.

All these long letters and more, which were either in the same tone,
or too domestic to be published, prove the leisure caused by having an
unusually small collection of pupils, and happily all in fair health;
but with Christmas came a new idea, or rather an old one renewed.
Instead of only going to Norfolk Island, on sufferance from the Pitcairn
Committee, and by commission from the Bishop of Tasmania, a regular
request was made, by Sir John Young, the Governor of Australia, that
the Pitcairners might be taken under his supervision, so that, as far
as Government was concerned, the opposition was withdrawn which had
hindered his original establishment there, though still Curtis Island
remained in the ascendency in the schemes of this summer. The ensuing
is a reply to Sir John Coleridge's letter, written after hearing of the
attack at Santa Cruz:--


'Kohimarama: March 3, 1865.

'My dearest Uncle,--Many many thanks for your letter, so full of comfort
and advice. I need not tell you that the last budget of letters revived
again most vividly not only the actual scene at Santa Cruz, but all the
searchings of heart that followed it. I believe that we are all agreed
on the main point. Enough ground has been opened for the present.
Codrington was right in saying that the object of late has been to fill
up gaps. But some of the most hazardous places to visit lie nearest
to the south, e.g. some of the New Hebrides, &c., south of the Banks
Islands. My notion is, that I ought to be content even to pass by
(alas!) some places where I had some hold when I had reason to feel
great distrust of the generally kind intentions of the people (that is
a dark sentence, but you know my meaning). In short, there are very few
places where I can feel, humanly speaking, secure against this kind of
thing. It is always in the power of even one mischievous fellow to do
mischief. And if the feeling of the majority might be in my favour, yet
there being no way of expressing public opinion, no one cares to take
an active part in preventing mischief. It is not worth his while to get
into a squabble and risk his own life.

'But I shall be (D.V.) very cautious. I dare say I was becoming
presumptuous: one among the many faults that are so discernible. It is,
dear Uncle, hard to see a wild heathen party on the beach, and not try
to get at them. It seems so sad to leave them. But I know that I ought
to be prudent, even for my own sake (for I quite suppose that, humanly
speaking, my life is of consequence for a few years more), and I
can hardly bear the thought of bringing the boat's crew, dear good
volunteers, into danger. Young Atkin, the only son of my neighbour,
behaved admirably at Santa Cruz, and is very staunch. But his parents
have but him and one daughter, and I am bound to be careful indeed.
But don't think me careless, if we get into another scrape. There is
scarcely one island where I can fully depend upon immunity from all
risk. There was no need to talk so much about it all before.

'As to Curtis Island, I need not say that I have no wish indeed to take
Australian work in hand. I made it most clear, as I thought, that
the object of a site on Curtis Island was the Melanesian and not the
Australian Mission. I offered only to incorporate Australian blacks, if
proper specimens could be obtained, into our school, regarding in
fact East Australia as another Melanesian island. This would only have
involved the learning a language or two, and might have been of some
use. I did not make any pledge. But I confess that I think some such
plan as this one only feasible one. I don't see that the attempts at
mission work are made on the most hopeful plan. But I have written to
the Brisbane authorities, urging them to appropriate large reserves for
the natives. I tell them that it is useless for them to give me a few
acres and think they are doing a mission work, if they civilize the
native races off their own lands. In short, I almost despair of doing
anything for blacks living on the same land with whites. Even here in
New Zealand, the distrust now shown to us all, to our religion even,
is the result in very great measure of the insolent, covetous behaviour
exhibited by the great majority of the white people to the Maori. Who
stops in Australia to think whether the land which he wants for his
sheep is the hunting ground of native people or not?

'I confess that while I can't bear to despair and leave these poor souls
uncared for, I can't propose any scheme but one, and who will work that?
If, indeed, one or two men could be found to go and live with a tribe,
moving as they move and really identifying himself with their interests!
But where are such men, and where is a tribe not already exasperated by
injurious treatment?

'It was the statement for our mode of action which commended itself so
much to people in Australia, that they urged me to try and do something.
But I answered as I have now written; and when at one meeting in Sydney
I was asked whether I would take Australians into my school, I said,
"Yes, if I can get the genuine wild man, uncontaminated by contact with
the white man." I can't, in justice to our Melanesian scholars, take the
poor wretched black whose intercourse with white men has rendered him a
far more hopeless subject to deal with than the downright ferocious yet
not ungenerous savage. "If," was the answer, "you can get them, I will
pay for them."

'Indeed, dear Uncle, I don't want more but less work on my hands: yet
as I look around, I see (as far as I can judge) so great a want of that
prudence and knowledge and calm foresight that the Primate has shown
so remarkably, that I declare I do think his plan is almost the only
reasonable one for dealing with black races. Alas! you can't put hearty
love for strangers into men's hearts by paying them salaries.

'I think that in two or three years I may, if I live, have some
preparatory branch school at Curtis Island. If it should clearly
succeed, then I think in time the migration from New Zealand might
take place. I do not think two schools in two different countries would
answer. We want the old scholars to help us in working the school; we
can't do without them, and the old scholars can't be trained without
the younger ones, the material on whom their teaching, and training
faculties must be exercised.

'You all know how deeply I feel about dear Mr. Keble!

'Thank God, we have as yet no dysentery. I baptized last week a lad
dying of consumption. There are many blessings, as all clergymen know,
in having death scenes so constantly about one; and the having to do
everything for these dear fellows makes one love them so....

'Your affectionate and dutiful Nephew,

'J. C. P.'


The above sentence refers to the paralytic attack Mr. Keble had on
November 30, 1864. Nevertheless, almost at that very time, he was
writing thus:--


'Penzance: March 7, 1865.

'My dear and more than dear Bishop,--It would be vain for me to write to
you, if I pretended to do more than just express my heart's wish that
I could say something of the doings and sufferings which now for years
past we of course associate with your name, so as to encourage and
support you in your present manifold distress. But (especially for
reasons known only to myself) I must leave that altogether to Him who
helps His own to do and suffer. One thing only I would say, that to us
at our great distance it looks as if the sanguis martyrum were being to
you as the semen Ecclesiae, and you know how such things were hailed in
the time of St. Cyprian. May it please God before long to give you some
visible earnest of this sure blessing! but I suppose that if it tarry,
it may be the greater when it comes. Our troubles as a Church, though of
a different kind, are not small. The great point with me is, lest, if in
our anxiety to keep things together, we should be sinfully conniving
at what is done against the faith, and so bringing a judgment upon
ourselves. I do not for a moment think that by anything which has yet
been done or permitted our being as a Church is compromised (though
things look alarmingly as if it might be before long), but I fear
that her well-being is more and more being damaged by our entire and
conscious surrender of the disciplinary part of our trust, and that if
we are apathetic in such things we may forfeit our charter. There is no
doubt, I fear, that personal unbelief is spreading; but I trust that
a deeper faith is spreading also; it is (at Oxford, e.g.) Pusey and
Moberly, &c., against the Rationalists and other tempters. As to the
question of the Bible being (not only containing) the Word, I had no
scruples in signing that Declaration. One thought which helped me was,
the use made in the New Testament of the Old, which is such as to show
that we are not competent judges as to what passages convey deep moral
or religious meanings or no. Another, that in every instance where
one had the means of ascertaining, so far as I have known, the Bible
difficulty has come right: therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that
so it would be in all the rest, if we knew the right reading and the
right interpretation of the words. And as to what are called the Divine
and Human Elements, I have seemed to help myself with the thought
that the Divine adoption (if so be) of the human words warrants their
truthfulness, as a man's signature makes a letter his own; but whether
this is relevant, I doubt. My wife and I are both on the sick list, and
I must now only add that we never forget you.

'Ever yours,

'J. K.


Nothing has hitherto been said of this term at St. Andrew's: so here is
an extract from a letter to one of the cousinhood, who had proposed
a plan which has since been carried out extensively and with good
effect:--

'The difficulty about scholars appropriated to certain places or
parishes is this: I cannot be sure of the same persons remaining with
me. Some sickness in an island, some panic, some death of a relative,
some war, or some inability on my part from bad weather or accident to
visit an island, may at any time lose me a scholar. Perhaps he may be
the very one that has been appropriated to some one, and what am I to
say then?

'This year we have but thirty-eight Melanesians, we ought to have sixty.
But after dear Edwin and Fisher's wounds, I could not delay, but hurried
southwards, passing by islands with old scholars ready to come away.
This was sad work, but what could I do?

'I will gladly assign, to the best of my power, scholars whom I think
likely to remain with me to various places or persons; but pray make
them understand that their scholar may not always be forthcoming.
Anyhow, their alms would go to the support of some Melanesian, who would
be their scholar as it were for the time being.

'You would perhaps feel interested in knowing that the Gospel of St.
Luke has been printed in the Mota language, to a great extent by our
scholars, and that George Sarawia is printing now the Acts, composing
it, and doing press-work and all. Young Wogale (about thirteen) prints
very fairly, and sent off 250 copies of a prayer, which the Bishop of
Nelson wanted for distribution, of which everything was done by him
entirely. They both began to learn about last November.

'When morning school is over at 10 A.M., all hands, "dons" and all,
are expected to give their time to the Mission till 12.45. Mr. Pritt
is general overlooker (which does not mean doing nothing himself) of
domestic work: kitchen, garden, farm, dairy, &c. You know that we have
no servants. Mr. Palmer prints and teaches printing. Atkin works at
whatever may be going on, and has a large share of work to get ready for
me, and to read with me: Greek Testament, 12 to 12.45, Greek and Latin
from 2 to 3. So all the lads are busy at out-door work from 10 to 12.45;
and I assure you, under Mr. Pritt's management, we begin to achieve
considerable results in our farm and garden work. We are already
economising our expenditure greatly by keeping our own cows, for which
we grow food (a good deal artificial), and baking our own bread. We sell
some of our butter, and have a grand supply of milk for our scholars,
perhaps the very best kind of food for them.

'If we can manage to carry on a winter's school here with some ten or
twelve of the lads left under Mr. Pritt's charge, while I go off with
the rest, I really think that the industrial department may become
something considerable. It is an essential part of the system, for we
must begin with teaching habits of order, punctuality, &c:, in respect
of those things with which they have already some acquaintance. No
Melanesian can understand why he is to sit spelling away at a black
board; and he is not like a child of four or five years old, he must
be taught through his power of reasoning, and perceiving the meaning
of things. Secondly, we can gradually invest the more advanced scholars
with responsible duties. There are the head cooks in the various weeks,
the heads of departments in garden work, &c., &c. As these lads and
men are being trained (we hope) to teach others, and as we want them to
teach industry, decency, cleanliness, punctuality, to be, and to teach
others to be honest, and careful, and thoughtful, so we find all these
lessons are learnt more in the industrial work than in the mere book
work, though that is not neglected. Indeed school, in the restricted
sense of the word, is going on for four or four and a half hours a day.

'The main difficulty remains, of retaining our hold upon boys. Oh that I
could live permanently in twenty islands at once! But I can't do so even
in one; and all the letter-writing and accounts, and, worst of all,
the necessity for being trustee for matters not a bit connected with
Melanesia, because there is no one else, interferes sadly with my
time. I think I could work away with the languages, &c., and really do
something with these fellows, but I never get a chance. I never have two
days together which I can spend exclusively at Melanesian work. And I
ought to have nothing whatever to distract me. Twenty languages calling
for arrangement and comparison causes confusion enough!'

These interruptions made the Kohimarama life trying. 'As for
correspondence,' says the birthday despatch to Fanny, 'why this mail
my letters to Victoria alone are twelve, let alone Sydney, Brisbane,
Adelaide, Tasmania, New Zealand, and England. Then three sermons a week,
occasional services, reading up for a most difficult session of General
Synod, with really innumerable interruptions from persons of all kinds.
Sometimes I do feel tempted to long for Curtis Island merely to get
away from New Zealand! I feel as if I should never do anything here.
Everything is in arrears. I turn out of a morning and really don't know
what to take up first. Then, just as I am in the middle of a letter (as
yesterday) down comes some donkey to take up a quarter of an hour (lucky
if not an hour) with idle nonsense; then in the afternoon an invasion
of visitors, which is worst of all. That fatal invention of "calling"!
However, I never call on anyone, and it is understood now, and people
don't expect it. I have not even been to Government House for more than
a year!

'There, a good explosion does one good! But why must idle people
interfere with busy men? I used to make it up by sitting up and getting
up very early indeed; but somehow I feel fit for nothing but sleeping
and eating now.'

After an absence of three weeks at the General Synod at Christchurch,
the Bishop took up such of his party as were to return, and sailed home,
leaving those whom he thought able to brave the winter with Mr. and Mrs.
Pritt, on one of the first days of June. The first visit was one to the
bereaved family at Norfolk Island, whence a brief note to his brother on
the 9th begins:--

'Nothing can be more comforting to me than the loving patient spirit
of these dear people. Poor Mr. and Mrs. Nobbs and all the brothers and
sisters so good and so full of kindness to me. It was very trying when
I first met them yesterday. They came and kissed me, and then, poor
things, fairly gave way, and then I began to talk quietly about Edwin
and Fisher, and they became calm, and we knelt and prayed together.'

After landing the Bishop at Mota, the others crossed to Port Patteson
where they found Fisher Young's grave carefully tended, kept clear of
weeds, and with a fence round it. After establishing Mr. Palmer at the
station at Mota, the Bishop re-embarked for Santa Maria, where, at the
north-east--Cock Sparrow Point, as some one had appropriately called
it--the boat was always shot at; but at a village called Lakona, the
people were friendly, and five scholars had come from thence, so the
Bishop ventured on landing for the night, and a very unpleasant night
it, was--the barrack hut was thronged with natives, and when the heat
was insufferable and he tried to leave it, two of his former scholars
advised him strongly to remain within.

It was bad weather too, and there was some difficulty in fetching him
off, and he was thankful that the wet had hindered more than 300 or 400
natives from collecting; there was no possibility of speaking to them
quietly, for the sight of the boat suggested trading, and they flocked
round as he was fetched off, half a dozen swimming out and begging to go
to New Zealand. He took three old scholars and one new one, and sent the
others off with fish-hooks, telling them that if they would not behave
at Lakona as he liked, he would not do as they liked. However, no arrows
were shot.

Then while the 'Southern Cross,' with Mr. Tilly and Mr. Atkin, went on
to land the Solomon Island scholars, the work at Mota was resumed in
full force. It seems well worth while to dwell on the successive steps
in the conversion of this place, and the following letter shows the
state of things in the season of 1865:--


'Mota: July 4, 1865.

'My dearest Sisters and Brother,--I must write a joint letter for all,
with little notes if I have anything more special for anyone of you. I
wish you could see this place. The old hut is queer enough certainly,
quite open on one side, and nearly so on another, but it is
weather-tight in the middle, with forms to sit on and a table or two
like a kitchen table, on which I read and write by day, and sleep by
night. Last night we killed five lizards; they get on the roof and drop
down and bite pretty severely, so seeing these running all about, we
made a raid upon them, poor things. The great banyan tree is as grand
as ever, a magnificent tree, a forest in itself, and the view of the sea
under its great branches, and of the islands of Matlavo and Valua, is
beautiful.

'At daylight I turn off my table and dress, not elaborately--a flannel
shirt, old trousers and shoes; then a yam or two is roasted on the
embers, and the coffee made, and (fancy the luxury here in Mota!)
delicious goat's milk with it. Then the morning passes in reading,
writing, and somewhat desultory talking with people, but you can't
expect punctuality and great attention. Then at one, a bit of biscuit
and cheese (as long as the latter lasts). Mr. Palmer made some bread
yesterday. Then generally a walk to meet people at different villages,
and talk to them, trying to get them to ask me questions, and I try to
question them. Then at 6 P.M., a tea-ation, viz., yam and coffee, and
perhaps a crab or two, or a bit of bacon, or some good thing or other.
But I forgot! this morning we ate a bit of our first full-grown and
fully ripe Mota pine-apple (I brought some two years ago) as large and
fine as any specimens I remember in hot-houses. If you mention all these
luxuries, we shall have no more subscriptions, but you may add that
there is as yet no other pineapple, though our oranges, lemons, citrons,
guavas, &c., are coming on. Anyone living here permanently might make a
beautiful place indeed, but it becomes sadly overgrown in our absence,
and many things we plant are destroyed by pigs, &c.

'Then after tea--a large party always witnessing that ceremony--there is
an hour or so spent in speaking again to the people, and then I read a
little with Wadrokala and Carry. Then Mr. Palmer and I read a chapter of
Vaughan on the Revelation, then prayers, and so to bed. It seems as if
little was done--certain talks with people, sometimes many, sometimes
few; yet, on the whole, I hope an increased acquaintance with our
teaching. You can well understand that the consciousness of sin and the
need of a Redeemer may be talked about, but cannot be stated so as
to make one feel that one has stated it in the most judicious and
attractive manner. Of course it is the work of God's Spirit to work this
conviction in the heart. But it is very hard so to speak of it as
to give (if you can understand me) the heathen man a fair chance of
accepting what you say. Forgetfulness of God; ingratitude to the Giver
of life, health, food; ignorance of the Creator and the world to come,
of the Resurrection and Life Everlasting, are all so many proofs to
us of a fallen and depraved state. But the heathen man recognises some
outward acts as more or less wrong; there he stops. "Yes, we don't fight
now, nor quarrel, nor steal so much as we used to do. We are all right
now."

'"Are you? I never taught you to think so. You tell me that you believe
that the Son of God came down from heaven. What did He come for? What is
the meaning of what you say that He died for us?"

'It is the continual prayer and effort of the Christian minister
everywhere, that God would deepen in his own heart the sense of sin, and
create it in the mind of the heathen. And then the imperfect medium of a
language very far from thoroughly known! It is by continual prayer, the
intercession of Christ, the power of the Spirit (we well know) that the
work must be carried on. How one does understand it! The darkness seems
so thick, the present visible world so wholly engrosses the thoughts,
and yet, you see, there are many signs of progress even here, in changed
habits to some extent, in the case of our scholars, real grounds of hope
for the future. One seems to be doing nothing, yet surely if no change
be wrought, what right have we to expect it. It is not that I looked for
results, but that I seek to be taught how to teach better. The Collect
for the first Sunday after Epiphany is wonderful.

'It requires a considerable effort to continually try to present to
oneself the state of the heathen mind, to select illustrations, &c.,
suitable to his case. And then his language has never been used by him
to set forth these new ideas; there are no words which convey the ideas
of repentance, sin, heartfelt confession, faith, &c. How can there be,
when these ideas don't exist? Yet somehow the language by degrees
is made the exponent of such ideas, just as all religious ideas are
expressed in English by words now used in their second intention, which
once meant very different and less elevated ideas.

'I find everywhere the greatest willingness to listen. Everywhere I take
my pick of boys, and now for any length of time. That is the result of
eleven scholars remaining now in New Zealand. Everyone seems to wish to
come. I think I shall take away five or six young girls to be taught at
Kohimarama, to become by and by wives for scholars. Else the Christian
lad will have to live with a heathen girl. But all this, if carried out
properly, would need a large number of scholars from only one island. At
Curtis Island, indeed (should it answer and supply plenty of food), we
might hope to have a school some day of 300 or 400, and then thirty or
forty from each island could be educated at once; but it can't be so in
New Zealand. And a good school on an island before a certain number are
trained to teach could not, I think, be managed successfully. I feel
that I must concentrate more than hitherto. I must ascertain--I have
to some extent ascertained--the central spots upon which I must chiefly
work. This is not an easy thing, nevertheless, to find out, and it has
taken years. Then using them as centres, I must also find out how far
already the dialect of that spot may extend, how far the people of the
place have connections, visiting acquaintances, &c. elsewhere, and to
use the influence of that place to its fullest extent. Many islands
would thus fall under one centre, and thus I think we may work. My mind
is so continually, day and night, I may say, working on these points,
that I dare say I fill up my letters with nothing else. But writing on
these points helps me to see my way.'


On July 7, an expedition to Aroa seems to have overtired Bishop
Patteson, and a slight attack of fever and ague came on. One of his
aunts had provided him with a cork bed, where, after he had exerted
himself to talk to his many visitors, he lay 'not uncomfortably.' He
was not equal to going to a feast where he hoped to have met a large
concourse, and after a day of illness, was taken back to Mota in the
bottom of the boat; but in another week more revived, and went on with
his journal, moralising on the books he had been reading while laid up.

'I looked quite through Bishop Mackenzie's life. What a beautiful
story it is! what a truthful, simple, earnest character, and that
persuasiveness that only real humility and self-forgetfulness and
thoughtfulness can give. Then his early desire to be useful, his
Cambridge life, the clear way in which he was being led on all through.
It is very beautiful as an illustration of the best kind of help that
God bestows on His children. Here was one so evidently moulded and
fashioned by Him, and that willingly, for so it must be, and his life
was just as it should be, almost as perfect perhaps as a life can be.
What if his work failed on the Shire? First, his work has not failed to
begin with, for aught we know; and secondly his example is stimulating
work everywhere. I shall indeed value his Thomas a Kempis. [A copy sent
home from the Zambesi stained with the water of the Shire, and sent to
the Bishop by Miss Mackenzie].

The ship returned with tidings that the more important scholars would
be ready to come back after a short holiday with their friends, and the
Bishop embarked again on the 29th. At Mai he landed, and slept ashore,
when little Petere, the son of the young man whose death had so nearly
been revenged on the Bishop, a boy of eight years old, did the honours
as became a young chief, and announced, 'I am going to New Zealand with
you.' No one made any attempt to prevent him; but the old scholars did
not show themselves helpful, and only one of them, besides three more
new ones, came away. The natives were personally friendly, but there was
no sign of fighting being lessened among them.

At Whitsuntide there was a brisk trade in yams, but no scholars were
brought away; the parents would not part with any young enough to be
likely to be satisfactory pupils, nor would the one last year's scholar
come. Here intelligence was received that a two-masted ship had been
at Leper's Island, a quarrel had taken place and some natives had been
shot. It was therefore decided that it would not be safe to land, but
as the vessel sailed along the coast, numerous canoes came out, bringing
boars' tusks for sale. Three boys who had been taken on a cruise of six
weeks the year before, eagerly came on board, and thirty or forty more.
All the parents were averse to letting them go, and only two ended by
being brought away: Itole, a young gentleman of fourteen or so, slim
and slight, with a waist like a wasp, owing to a cincture worn night
and day, and his hair in ringlets, white with coral-lime; his friend a
little older, a tall, neat-limbed fellow, not dark and with little of
the negro in his features.

A letter to me was written during this cruise, from which I give an
extract:--

'It was a great delight to me to receive a letter from Mr. Keble, by
the February mail from England. How kind of him to write to me; and his
words are such a help and encouragement.

'I dare say I shall see Merivale's Lectures soon. Nothing can well be
so wonderful, as a proof of God's hand controlling and arranging all the
course of history to those who need it, as a subject for adoration and
praise, to those who need not such proof, than the vast preparation made
for the coming of Christ and the spreading of the Gospel. To popularise
this the right way, and bring it home to the thought of many who have
not time nor inclination for much reading, must be a good work. I
suppose that all good Church histories deal with that part of the
subject; it is natural for the mere philosopher to do so.

'And think how the early Alexandrian teachers used the religious
yearnings of the East to draw men to the recognition of their wants,
supplied and satisfied only in Christianity. Often it is the point
d'appui that the Missionary must seek for. There is an element of faith
in superstition; we must fasten on that, and not rudely destroy the
superstition, lest with it we destroy the principle of faith in things
and beings unseen. I often think, that to shake a man's faith in his
old belief, however wrong it may be, before one can substitute something
true and right, is, to say the least, a dangerous experiment. But
positive truth wins its way without controversy, while error has no
positive existence, and there is a craving for truth deep down in the
heathen heart.

'Do you remember that grand passage of Hooker, where he says that he
cannot stand to oppose all the sophisms of Romanism, only that he will
place against it a structure of truth, before which, as Dagon before the
Ark, error will be dashed in fragments?

'In our work (and so I suppose in a Sunday school) one must think out
each step, anticipate each probable result, before one states anything.
It is of course full of the highest interest. Can't you fancy a party of
twenty or thirty dark naked fellows, when (having learnt to talk freely
to them) I question them about their breakfast and cocoa-nut trees,
their yams and taro and bananas, &c., "Who gave them to you? Can you
make them grow? Why, you like me and thank me because I give you a few
hatchets, and you have never thought of thanking Him all these long
years."

'"It is true, but we didn't think."

'"But will you think if I tell you about Him?"

'"He gave them rain from heaven and fruitful seasons."

'How it takes one back to the old thoughts, the true philosophy of
religion. Sometimes I lie awake and think "if Jowett and others could
see these things!"

'And yet, if it is not presumptuous in me to say so, I do think
that this work needs men who can think out principle and supply any
thoughtful scholar or enquirer with some good reason for urging this
or that change in the manners and observances of the people. Often as
I think of it, I feel how greatly the Church needs schools for
missionaries, to be prepared not only in Greek and Latin and manual
work, but in the mode of regarding heathenism. It is not a moment's work
to habitually ask oneself, "Why feel indignant? How can he or she
know better?" It is not always easy to be patient and to remember the
position which the heathen man occupies and the point of view from which
he must needs regard everything brought before him.

'Thank you for Maclear's book. It is a clear statement of the leading
facts that one wishes to know, a valuable addition to our library.
You know, no doubt, a book which I like much, Neander's "Light in Dark
Places."

'I shall remember about Miss Mackenzie's memoir of that good Mrs.
Robertson. I wonder that men are not found to help Mr. Robertson. Here,
as you know, the climate (as in Central Africa) is our difficulty. I
think sometimes I make too much of it, but really I don't see how a man
is to stand many months of it. But I can't help thinking and hoping that
if that difficulty did not exist I could see my way to saying, "Now,
a missionary is wanted for these four or five or six islands, one for
each, and a younger man as fellow-helper to that missionary," and they
would be forthcoming.

'Yet doubtless I don't estimate fairly the difficulties and hardships
as they appear to the man who has never left England, and is not used
to knocking about. I should have felt the same years ago but for the
thought of being with the Primate, at least I suppose so.

'Well, I have written a very dull letter, but the place from which it
comes will give it some interest. I really think that not Mota only, but
the Banks Islands are in a hopeful state.

'Next year (D.V.) Mr. Palmer will try the experiment of stopping here
for eight or ten months. I almost dare to hope that a few years may make
great changes. Yet it seems as if nothing were done in comparison with
what remains to be done.

'Sarah, Sarawia's wife, pronounced that as she was always ill at home,
she would risk the New Zealand winter; two more married pairs came, and
four little maidens to be bred up under Mrs. Pritt, girls from twelve to
eight years old, of whom Sarah was quite able to take charge.'

There was the usual proportion of lads from various islands; but the
most troublesome member of the community seems to have been Wadrokala's
three years old daughter. 'I have daily to get Wadrokala and Carry to
prevent their child from being a nuisance to everybody.' But this might
have been a difficulty had she been white.

This large party had to be taken to the Solomon Isles to complete the
party, sailing in company with the 'Curacoa,' the Commodore's ship, when
the local knowledge and accurate surveying done by Mr. Tilly and Mr.
Kerr proved very valuable, and Sir William Wiseman gave most kind and
willing assistance.

Since his short interview with the Bishop off Norfolk Island, he had
been cruising in the New Hebrides. There some of the frequent outrages
of the traders had made the people savage and suspicious, and one of the
Missionaries of the London Missionary Society living at Tanna had been
threatened, driven away across the island, and his property destroyed.
He had appealed for protection as a British subject, and Sir William
Wiseman had no choice but to comply; so after warning had been sent to
the tribe chiefly concerned to quit their village, it was shelled and
burnt. No one seems to have been hurt, and it was hoped that this
would teach the natives to respect their minister--whether to love his
instruction was another question.

This would not have been worth mentioning had not a letter from on board
the 'Curacoa' spoken of chastising a village for attacking a Missionary.
It went the round of the English papers, and some at once concluded
that the Missionary could be no other than the Bishop. Articles
were published with the usual disgusting allusions to the temptation
presented by a plump missionary; and also observing with more justice
that British subjects had no right to run into extraordinary peril and
appeal to their flag for protection.

Every friend or relative of Bishop Patteson knew how preposterous the
supposition was, and his brother took pains to contradict the rumour.
As a matter of fact, as his letters soon proved, he was not only not in
company with the 'Curacoa' at the time, but had no knowledge either of
the outrage or the chastisement, till Sir William Wiseman mentioned it
to him when they were together at Sydney.

At Ysabel or Mahya, the party was made up to sixty, seven married
couples and seven unmarried girls among them. The female population
was stowed away at night in the after cabins, with 'arrangements quite
satisfactory to them, as they were quite consistent with propriety, but
which would somewhat startle unaccustomed folk.'

The 'Curapoa' stood in the offing while Sta. Cruz was visited, or rather
while the 'Southern Cross' approached, for the Bishop thought it
better not to risk landing; but numerous canoes came off, and all the
curiosities were bought which were offered in hopes of reestablishing
a friendly relation. There was reason to think the people of this group
more than usually attached to the soil, and very shy and distrustful,
owing perhaps to the memories left by the Spaniards.

Thence the 'Southern Cross' sailed across for an inspection of Curtis
Island, and again with a favourable impression; but the Brisbane
Parliament had just been prorogued, everyone was taking holiday, and the
Bishop therefore gave up his visit to that place, and sent the vessel
straight home to Auckland with her cargo of souls, while he returned to
Sydney to carry on the same work as in the former year. Here one great
delight and refreshment to him was a visit to Mr. and Mrs. Mort at their
beautiful home at Greenoaks. What a delight it must have been to
find himself in a church built by his host himself! 'one of the most
beautiful things I have seen, holds about 500 people; stained glass,
carved stalls, stone work, &c.,--perfect.' And the house, 'full of
first-rate works of art, bronzes, carvings, &c.,' was pleasant to the
eyes that had been so enthusiastic in Italy and Germany, and had so
long fasted from all beauty but that of Nature, in one special type. The
friends there were such as to give life and spirit to all these external
charms, and this was a very pleasant resting place in his life. To Sir
John Coleridge he writes:--

'I am having a real holiday. This place, Greenoaks, the really
magnificent place of my good friends Mr. and Mrs. Mort, is lovely. The
view of the harbour, with its land-locked bays, multitude of vessels,
wooded heights, &c., is not to be surpassed; and somehow I don't
disrelish handsome rooms and furniture and pictures and statues and
endless real works of art in really good taste.

'One slips into these ways very readily. I must take care I am not
spoilt. Everyone, from the governor downwards, lays himself out to make
my visit pleasant. They work me hard on Sundays and week days, but it
is a continual round of, I don't deny, to me, pleasurable occupation.
Kindly people asked to meet me, and the conversation always turned to
pleasant and useful subjects: Church government, principles of Mission
work, &c. These colonies, unfortunate in many ways, are fortunate in
having governors and others in high position who are good men, and the
class of people among whom my time is spent might (me judice) hold its
position among the best English society.

'I am very intimate with some few families, drop in and set the young
ladies down to play Beethoven and Mendelssohn, and it is a nice change,
and refreshes me.'

From Sydney the Bishop went to Adelaide and Melbourne, and these five
weeks in Australia obtained about 800 pounds for the Mission; the Bishop
of Sydney had hoped to raise more, but there had been two years of
terrible drought and destruction of cattle, and money was not
abundant. The plan of sending Australian blacks to be educated with
the Melanesians was still entertained; but he had not much hope of this
being useful to the tribes, though it might be to the individuals, and
none of them ever were sent to him.

But what had a more important effect on the Mission was a conference
between Sir William Wiseman and Sir John Young, the Governor of New
South Wales, resulting in an offer from the latter of a grant of land
on Norfolk Island for the Mission, for the sake of the benefit to the
Pitcairners; at the same time the Commodore offered him a passage in the
'Curacoa' back to Auckland, touching at Norfolk Island by the way. The
plan was carried out, and brought him home in time for Christmas, to
find all and prosperous under Mr. Pritt at St. Andrew's. His mind was
nearly made up on the expedience of a change to a place which was likely
to suit both English and tropical constitutions alike, and he hoped to
make the experiment the ensuing winter with Mr. Palmer and a small body
of scholars.




CHAPTER X. THE EPISCOPATE AT KOHIMARAMA. 1866.



The removal of his much-loved correspondent did not long withhold the
outpouring of Bishop Patteson's heart to his family; while his work was
going on at the College, according to his own definition of education
which was given about this time in a speech at St. John's: 'Education
consists in teaching people to bear responsibilities, and laying the
responsibilities on them as they are able to bear them.'

Meanwhile, he wrote as follows to Miss Mackenzie, on receiving the book
she had promised to send him as a relic of her brother:--


'January 1, 1866.

'My dear Miss Mackenzie,--I have this evening received your brother's
Thomas a Kempis, and your letter. I valued the letter much, as a true
faithful record of one whom may God grant that I may know hereafter, if,
indeed, I may be enabled to follow him as he followed Christ. And as
for the former, what can I say but I hope that the thought of your dear
brother may help me to read that holy book in something of the spirit in
which he read and meditated on it.

'It seems to bring me very near to him in thought. Send me one of his
autographs to paste into it. I don't like to cut out the one I have in
the long letter to the Scottish Episcopal Church, which you kindly sent
me.

'I found, too, in one of Mr. Codrington's boxes, a small sextant for me,
which, being packed with the Thomas a Kempis, I think may have been your
brother's. Do you really mean this for me too? If so, I shall value it
scarcely less than the book. Indeed, I think that, divided as I am from
all relations and home influences and affections, I cling all the more
to such means as I may still enjoy of keeping up associations. I like
to have my father's watch-chain in use, and to write on his old desk.
I remember my inkstand in our drawing-room in London. So I value much
these memorials of the first Missionary Bishop of the Church of England,
in modern days at all events, and night by night as I read a few lines
in his book, and think of him, it brings me, I hope, nearer in spirit to
him and to others, who, like him, have done their duty well and now rest
in Christ.

'We are pretty well now (Jan. 20), but one very promising lad sank last
week in low fever; a good truthful lad he was, and as I baptized him at
midnight shortly before he died, I felt the great blessing of being able
with a very clear conscience to minister to him that holy sacrament; and
so he passed away, to dwell, I trust, with his Lord.

'What a revelation to that spirit in its escape from the body! But I
must not write on. With many thanks once again for these highly-valued
memorials of your brother,

'I remain, my dear Miss Mackenzie,

'Very truly yours,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The sandal-wood referred to in the following letter was the brother's
gift to a church, All Saints, Babbicombe, in which his sisters were
deeply interested, and of which their little nephew laid the first
stone:--


'St. Matthias' Day.

'My dearest Sisters,--You are thinking of me to-day, I know, but you
hardly know that in an hour or two I hope the Primate will ride down and
baptize nine of our Melanesian scholars.

'The last few weeks have been a happy, though of course an anxious time,
and now to-day the great event of their lives is to take place. May God
grant that the rest of their lives may be like this beginning!

'We avoid all fuss. I don't like anyone being here but the Primate and
Mrs. Selwyn, yet I think some dozen more may come, though I don't like
it. I need not say that making a scene on such occasions is to my
mind very objectionable. I could much prefer being quite alone. I have
translated some appropriate Psalms, but the 2nd and 57th they hardly
know as yet quite well; so our service will be Psalms 96, 97, 114; 1st
lesson 2 Kings, v. 9--15, Magnificat; 2nd lesson Acts viii. 5-12,
and the Baptismal Service. Henry Tagalana reads the first, and George
Sarawia the second lesson. Then will come my quiet evening, as, I trust,
a close of an eventful day. I have your English letters of December,
with the news of Johnny laying the stone. I am thankful that that good
work is begun. Sir John Young writes to me that I can have a gift of 100
acres at Norfolk Island, with permission to buy more. I think that, all
being well, I shall certainly try it with a small party next summer, the
main body of scholars being still brought to Kohimarama.

'The sandal-wood is not yet gone! But, my dear Joan, the altar of
sandal-wood! If it is to be solid and not veneered, why, £50 would not
buy it at Erromango. It sells in Sydney for about £70 a ton, and it is
very heavy wood. However, I will send some of the largest planks I ever
saw of the wood, and it is now well seasoned. It cost me £14 merely to
work it into a very simple lectern, so hard is the grain.

'What has become of the old Eton stamp of men? Have you any in
England? I must not run the risk of the Mission being swamped, by
well-intentioned, but untaught men. We must have gentlemen of white
colour, or else I must rely wholly, as I always meant to do chiefly, on
my black gentlemen; and many of them are thorough gentlemen in feeling
and conduct, albeit they don't wear shoes.

'It was a most impressive service. The dear Primate looking worn and
somewhat aged, very full of feeling; the two most advanced, George and
Henry, in their surplices, reading the Lessons; the nine candidates
looking so reverent and grave, yet not without self-possession.

'As he signed each one with the sign of the Cross, his left hand resting
on the head of each, the history of the Mission rushed into my mind, the
fruit of the little seed be sowed when, eight years ago, he thought it
wisest not to go ashore at Mota, and now more than twenty Christians of
the Banks Islands serve God with prayers night and day.

'What would you have thought, if you could have been there? Our little
chapel looked nice with the red hangings and sandal-wood lectern.

'Then we had a quiet cup of tea, and the old and new baptized party had
a quiet talk with me till 8.30, when I sent them away.

'And then after an hour I was alone. That I should have been already
five years a Bishop, and how much to think of and grieve over, something
too to be thankful for. Perhaps after all, dear Edwin and Fisher stand
out most clearly from all the many scenes and circumstances.

'And now what is to come? This move to Norfolk Island? Or what?
"Something," you say; "perhaps in time showing the Governor that the
Melanesians are not so very wild." But it is another Governor; and so
far from the Melanesians being wild, it is expressly on the ground that
the example of the school will be beneficial that I am asked to go!

'Tell all who may care to know it about our St. Matthias' Day, I must
give myself the pleasure of writing one line to Mr. Keble. I won't write
many lest I weary him, dear good man. I like to look at his picture, and
have stuck the photograph of Mr. and Mrs. Keble which Charlotte Yonge
sent me into the side of it. How I value his prayers and thoughts for us
all!

'Your loving brother,

'J. C. P.

'P.S.--No terms of full communion between the Home and the Colonial
Church can be matter of Parliamentary legislation. It is the "One Faith,
One Lord," that binds us together; and as for regulating the question
of colonially ordained clergy ministering in English dioceses, you had
better equalise your own Church law first for dealing with an Incumbent
and a Curate.'


'Auckland: Tuesday in Holy Week.

'My dear Uncle,--I have long owed you a letter, but I have not written
because I have had an unusual time of distraction. Now, all my things
being on board the "Southern Cross," I am detained by a foul wind. We
can do nothing till it changes; and I am not sorry to have a few quiet
hours, though the thought of a more than usually serious separation from
the dear Primate and Mrs. Selwyn, Sir William and Lady Martin, hangs
over my head rather gloomily. Still I am convinced, as far as I can
be of such matters, that this move to Norfolk Island is good for the
Mission on the whole. It has its drawbacks, as all plans have, but the
balance is decidedly in favour of Norfolk Island as against New Zealand.
I have given reasons at length for this opinion in letters to Joan and
Fan, and also, I think, to Charlotte Yonge, who certainly deserves to
know all my thoughts about it.

'But I may shortly state some of them, in case you may not have heard
them, because I should like this step to approve itself to your mind:--

'1. Norfolk Island is 600 miles hearer to Melanesian islands than
Auckland, and not only nearer in actual distance, but the 600 miles from
Norfolk Island to Auckland are the cold and boisterous miles that must
be passed at the extremities of the voyages with no intervening lands to
call at and obtain a change for our large party on board.

'2. The difficulty usually is to get westward when sailing from New
Zealand, by the North Cape of New Zealand, because the prevalent winds
are from the west. So that usually the passage to Norfolk Island is a
long-one.

'3. New Zealand is much to the east of Norfolk Island, and to go from
the Loyalty, New Hebrides, Banks, and Santa Cruz groups to New Zealand,
it is necessary to make a long stretch out to the N.E. (the trades
blowing from about S.E. by E.), standing down to S. on the other tack.
But Norfolk Island is almost due S. of other those groups.

'4. I cannot come back from the islands during my winter voyage to New
Zealand, it is too distant; the coast is dangerous in the winter season
and the cold too great for a party of scholars first coming from the
tropics. But I can go backwards and forwards through the islands and
Norfolk Island during the five winter months. It is not wise to sail
about in the summer, hurricanes being prevalent then.

'5. As I can only make one return from the islands to New Zealand in
the year, I can only have a school consisting of (say) sixty Melanesians
brought in the very crowded vessel + (say) thirty left in New Zealand
for the winter; and I dare not attempt to leave many, for so much care
is needed in the cold season. But in Norfolk Island I can have a school
of any number, because I can make separate voyages thither from the
Banks and Solomon Islands, &c., each time bringing a party of sixty, if
I think fit.

'6. The productions of Norfolk Island include the yam, taro (Caladium
esculentum), sweet potato, sugar-cane, banana, almond, orange,
pine-apple, coffee, maize. Only cocoa-nut and bread-fruit are wanting,
that natives of Melanesia care much about.

'7. There is no necessity for so violent a contrast as there must be in
New Zealand between the life with us and in their homes in respect of
dress, food, and houses.

'Light clothing and an improved style of native house and more cleanly
way of eating their food--not of cooking it, for they are cleanly
already in that--may be adopted, and more easily perpetuated in their
own homes than the heavy clothing necessary here, and the different
style of houses and more English food.

'This is very important, because with any abrupt change of the outer
man, there is sometimes a more, very more natural abandonment of the
inner thoughts and disposition and character. Just as men so often lose
self-respect when they take to the bush life; or children who pray by
their own little bedside alone, leave off praying in "long chamber," the
outward circumstances being altered.

'I have for years thought that we seek in our Missions a great deal
too much to make English Christians of our converts. We consciously and
unanimously assume English Christianity (as something distinct I mean
from the doctrines of the Church of England), to be necessary; much as
so many people assume the relation of Church and State in England to
be the typical and normal condition of the Church, which should be
everywhere reproduced. Evidently the heathen man is not treated fairly
if we encumber our message with unnecessary requirements.

'The ancient Church had its "selection of fundamentals"--a kind of
simple and limited expansion of the Apostles' Creed for doctrine and
Apostolic practice for discipline.

'Notoriously the Eastern and Western mind misunderstood one another. The
speculative East and the practical West could not be made to think after
the same fashion. The Church of Christ has room for both.

'Now any one can see what mistakes we have made in India. Few men think
themselves into the state of the Eastern mind, feel the difficulties
of the Asiatic, and divine the way in which Christianity should be
presented to him.

'We seek to denationalise these races, as far as I can see; whereas
we ought surely to change as little as possible--only what is clearly
incompatible with the simplest form of Christian teaching and practice.

'I don't mean that we are to compromise truth, but to study the native
character, and not present the truth in an unnecessarily unattractive
form.

'Don't we overlay it a good deal with human traditions, and still more
often take it for granted that what suits us must be necessary for them,
and vice versa.

'So many of our missionaries are not accustomed, not taught to think
of these things. They grow up with certain modes of thought, hereditary
notions, and they seek to reproduce these, no respect being had to the
utterly dissimilar character and circumstances of the heathen.

'I think much about all this. Sir William Martin and I have much talk
about it; and the strong practical mind of the Primate, I hope, would
keep me straight if I was disposed to theorise, which I don't think is
the case.

'But Christianity is the religion for humanity at large. It takes in all
shades and diversities of character, race, &c.

'The substratum of it is, so to say, inordinate and coextensive with the
substratum of humanity--all men must receive that. Each set of men must
also receive many thing of secondary, yet of very great importance
for them; but in this class there will be differences according to the
characteristic differences of men throughout the world.

'I can't explain myself fully; but, dear Uncle, I think there is
something in what I am trying to say.

'I want to see more discrimination, more sense of the due proportion,
the relative importance of the various parts which make up the sum of
extra teaching.

'There is so great want of order in the methods so often adopted,
want of arrangement, and proper sequence, and subordination of one to
another.

'The heathen man will assume some arbitrary dictate of a missionary to
be of equal authority and importance with a moral command of God, unless
you take care. Of course the missionary ought not to attempt to impose
any arbitrary rule at all; but many missionaries do, and usually justify
such conduct on the ground of their "exceptional position."

'But one must go much further. If I tell a man just beginning to
listen, two or three points of Christian faith, or two or three rules of
Christian life, without any orderly connection, I shall but puzzle him.

'Take, e.g., our English Sunday, I am far from wishing to change the
greater part of the method of observing it in England.

'I hope the Melanesian Christians may learn to keep holy the Lord's Day.
But am I to begin my teaching of a wild Solomon Islander at that end;
when he has not learned the evil of breaking habitually the sixth,
seventh, and eighth Commandments?

'I notice continually the tendency of the teaching of the very men who
denounce "forms" to produce formation.

'It is nearest to the native mind; it generates hypocrisy and mere
outward observance of certain rules, which, during the few years that
the people remain docile on their first acceptance of the new teaching,
they are content to submit to.

'I see the great difficulty of making out all this. It necessitates
the leaving so very much to the discretion of the pioneer. Ergo the
missionary must not be the man who is not good enough for ordinary work
in England, but the men whom England even does not produce in large
numbers with some power of dealing with these questions.

'It is much better and safer to have a regular well-known rule to act
by; but I don't see how you can give me, e.g., precise directions. It
seems to me that you must use great care in selecting your man, and then
trust him fully.

'I hope it is not an excess of self-conceit and self-reliance which
makes me pass by, rather lightly, I confess, some of the advice that
very well-intentioned people occasionally volunteer to missionaries. I
have had (D. Gr.) the Primate and Sir William Martin's men, who know what
heathenism is, and the latter of whom has deeply studied the character
of the various races of the world.

'I mean that when some one said, "Do you really mean to place those
savage Melanesians among the immaculate Pitcairners?" the natural
answer seemed to me to be, "I am not aware that you ever saw either a
Pitcairner or a Melanesian." I thought it rather impertinent. The truth
is, that the great proportion of our Melanesian scholars in our school,
i.e., not standing alone, but helped by the discipline of the school,
are quite competent to set an example to the average Pitcairners. But
this I mark only as an illustration of my meaning. Occasionally I hear
of some book or sermon or speech in which sound views (as I venture to
call them) are propounded on these points.

'Always your loving and grateful Nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The next letter was called forth by my sorrowful communication of the
shattered state of both my dear friends; of whom, one, at the very
time that my Cousin wrote, was already gone to his rest, having been
mercifully spared the loneliness and grief we had feared for him.


'St. Andrew's: April 24, 1866.

'My dear Cousin,--I write a line at once in reply to a letter of January
29, for I see that a great sorrow is hanging over you, is perhaps
already fallen on you, and I would fain say my word of sympathy,
possibly of comfort.

'One, perhaps, of the great blessings that a person in my position
enjoys is that he must perforce see through the present gloom occasioned
by loss of present companionship on to the joy beyond. I hear of the
death of dear Uncle, and friends, and even of that loving and holy
Father of mine, and somehow it seems all peace, and calmness, and joy.
It would not be so were I in England, to actually experience the sense
of loss, to see the vacant seat, and miss the well-known voice; but it
is (as I see) a great and most blessed alleviation to the loss of their
society here below. You feel that when those loving hearts at Hursley
can no longer be a stay and comfort to you here, you will have a sense
almost of desolation pressing on you. You must, we all have, many trials
and some sorrows, and I suppose Hursley has always been to you a city of
refuge and house of rest.

'But I think the anticipation is harder than the reality. For him, but
how can I speak of such as he is? Why should we feel anxiety? Surely he
is just the man upon whom we should expect some special suffering, which
is but some special mark of love and (may we not say in such a case?) of
approbation. Some special aid to a very close conformity to the mind and
character of Christ, to be sent in special love and mercy.

'I always seem to think that in the case of good men the suffering is
the sure earnest of special nearness to God. It surely--if one may dare
so to speak, and the case of Job warrants it, and the great passage
"Simon, Simon, Satan hath desired to have you" (all)--is true that
God is glorified in the endurance of sufferings which He lays upon the
saints. And if dear Mr. Keble must suffer this last blow, as all through
his life he has felt the care of the Churches pressing sorely on him,
and has even had to comfort the weary, and guide the wayward, and to
endure disappointment, and to restrain the over zealotish, and
reprove the thoughtless, and bear in his bosom the infirmities of many
people--why must we be unhappy about him, and why mourn for ourselves?
God forbid! It is only one mark of the cross stamped upon him, only one
more draught of the cup of the lacking measures of the afflictions of
Christ. But you must, more than I, know and feel all this; and it is
only in attempting to put before your eyes your own thoughts, that I
have written this. For, indeed, I do sympathise with you, and I think
how to me, who knew him so little yet yield to no one in deep reverence
and love for him, his departure would be almost what the passing away of
one of those who had seen the Lord must have been to those of old time;
yet our time is not so very long now, and may be short, and we have had
this blessed example for a long time, and there is on all accounts far
more cause for joy than for sorrow.

'You must not think me unkind to Miss Mackenzie, because I have written
to Fan to say that my letters and anecdotes are not to be fishes to swim
in her "Net." It may be unwise in me to write all that kind of thing,
but it does such an infinity of harm by its reflex action upon us who
are engaged in this work. And I can write brotherly letters, if they are
to be treated as public property. I could not trust my own brother to
make extracts from my letters. No one in England can be a judge of
the mischief that the letters occasion printed contrary to my wish by
friends. We in the Mission think them so infinitely absurd, one-sided,
exaggerated, &c., though we don't mean to make them so when we write
them.

'We are all well, thank God, except a good fellow called Walter
Hotaswol, from Matlavo (Saddle Island), who is in a decline. He has had
two bad haemorrhages; but he is patient, simple-minded, quite content
to die, and not doubting at all his Father's love, and his Saviour's
merits, so I cannot grieve for him, though he was the one, humanly
speaking, to have led the way in his home.

'You know that I sympathise with all your anxieties about Church
matters. Parliamentary legislation would be the greatest evil of all.
All your troubles only show that synodical action, and I believe with
the laity in the Synod, is the only cure for these troubles.

'God bless you, my dear Cousin,

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


To the sisters he wrote at the same time:--

'I hear from Miss Yonge that Mrs. Keble is very ill--dying. But, as I
wrote to her, why should such things grieve us? He will soon rejoin her,
and so it is all peace and comfort. He was seventy-five, I think, last
St. Mark's Day, and I began a letter to him, but it was not fair to
him to give him the trouble of reading it, and I tore it up. He knows
without it how I do love and revere him, and I cannot pluck up courage
to ask for some little book which he has used, that there may be a
sort of odour of sanctity about it, just as Bishop Mackenzie's Thomas a
Kempis, with him on the Zambesi, is on my table now.'


Before going forth with this 'lonely watcher' upon his voyage, the
description of this season's work with his scholars must be given from a
Report which he brought himself to write for the Eton Association. After
saying how his efforts were directed to the forming a number of native
clergy in time to work among their own people, he continues:--'When
uncivilised races come into contact with civilised men, they must either
be condemned to a hopeless position of inferiority, or they must be
raised out of their state of ignorance and vice by appealing to those
powers within them which God intended them to use, and the use of which
will place them by His blessing in the possession of whatever good
things may be denoted by the words Religion and Civilisation.

'Either we may say to our Melanesian scholars, "You can't expect to be
like us: you must not suppose that you can ever cease to be dependent on
us, you must be content always to do as you are told by us, to be like
children, as in malice so in knowledge; you can never be missionaries,
you may become assistant teachers to English missionaries whom you must
implicitly obey, you must do work which it would not be our place to do,
you must occupy all the lower and meaner offices of our society;"--or,
if we do not say this (and, indeed, no one would be likely to say it),
yet we may show by our treatment of our scholars that we think and mean
it.

'Or we may say what was, e.g., said to a class of nineteen scholars who
were reading Acts ix.

'"Did our Lord tell Saul all that he was to do?"

'"No."

'"What! not even when He appeared to him in that wonderful way from
Heaven?"

'"No."

'"What did the Lord say to him?"

'"That he was to go into Damascus, and there it would be told him what
he was to do."

'"What means did the Lord use to tell Saul what he was to do?"

'"He sent a man to tell him."

'"Who was he?"

'"Ananias."

'"Do we know much about him?"

'"No, only that he was sent with a message to Saul to tell him the
Lord's will concerning him and to baptize him."

'"What means did the Lord employ to make His will known to Saul?"

'"He sent a disciple to tell him." '"Did He tell him Himself
immediately?"

'"No, He sent a man to tell him."

'"Mention another instance of God's working in the same way, recorded in
the Acts."

'"The case of Cornelius, who was told by the angel to send for Peter."

'"The angel then was not sent to tell Cornelius the way of salvation?"

'"No, God sent Peter to do that."

'"Jesus Christ began to do the same thing when He was on earth, did He
not, even while He was Himself teaching and working miracles?"

'"Yes; He sent the twelve Apostles and the seventy disciples."

'"But what is the greatest instance of all, the greatest proof to us
that God chooses to declare His will through man to man?"

'"God sent His own Son to become man."

'"Could He not have converted the whole world in a moment to the
obedience of faith by some other way?"

'"Yes."

'"But what did He in His wisdom choose to do?"

'"He sent His Son to be born of the Virgin Mary, to become man, and to
walk on this earth as a real man, and to teach men, and to die for men."

'"What does Jesus Christ call us men?"

'"His brethren." '"Who is our Mediator?"

'"The Man Christ Jesus."

'"What means does God employ to make His will known to us?"

'"He uses men to teach men."

'"Can they do this by themselves?"

'"No, but God makes them able."

'"How have you heard the Gospel?"

'"Because God sent you to us."

'"And now, listen. How are all your people still in ignorance to hear
it? What have I often told you about that?"

'Whereupon the scholars looked shy, and some said softly, "We must teach
them."

'"Yes, indeed you must!"

'And so the lesson ended with questioning them on the great duty and
privilege of prayer for God's Holy Spirit to give them both the will and
the power to do the work to which God is calling them.

'So we constantly tell them "God has already been very merciful to you,
in that He has called you out of darkness into His marvellous light. He
has enabled you to receive the knowledge of His will, and to understand
your relations to Him. He has taught you to believe in Him, to pray to
Him, to hope for salvation through the merits of His Son's death and
resurrection. He has made you feel something of the power of His love,
and has taught you the duty of loving Him and serving your brother. He
calls upon you now to rouse yourself to a sense of your true position,
to use the gifts which He has given you to His glory and the good of
your brethren. Don't suppose that you are unable to do this. You
are unable to do it, as you were unable to believe and love Him by
yourselves, but He gives you strength for this very purpose that you may
be able to do it. You can do it through Christ, who strengtheneth you.
Our fathers were not more able to teach their people once than you to
teach your people now!"

'We make no distinction whatever between English and Melanesian members
of the Mission as such. No Melanesian is excluded from any office of
trust. No classification is made of higher and lower kinds of work, of
work befitting a white man and work befitting a black man. English
and Melanesian scholars or teachers work together in the school,
printing-office, dairy, kitchen, farm. The senior clergyman of the
Mission labours most of all with his own hands at the work which
is sometimes described as menial work; and it is contrary to the
fundamental principle of the Mission that anyone should connect with the
idea of white man the right to fag a black boy.

'Young men and lads come to us and say, "Let me do that. I can't write
the languages, or do many things you or Mr. Pritt or Mr. Palmer do, so
let me scrub your floor, or brush your shoes, or fetch some water."
And of course we let them do so, for the doing it is accompanied by no
feeling of degradation in their minds; they have seen us always doing
these things, and not requiring them to do them as if it were the
natural work for them, because they are black, and not proper for us,
because we are white.

'Last night, a young man, sitting by the fire, said to the Bishop, "They
want you to stop with them in my land."

'"I wish with all my heart I could."

'"Yes, I know, you must go to so many places."

'"But they are different in your land now."

'"Oh! yes, they don't fight now as they used to do; they don't go about
armed now."

'"Well, that is a thing to be thankful for. What is the reason of it, do
you think? "

"Why they know about you, and see you now and then, and Henry Tagalana
talked to them, and I talked a little to them, and they asked me about
our ways here, and they want to learn."

'"Well, there are now five of you from your island, and you must try
hard to learn, that you may teach them, for remember you must do it, if
God spares your life."'

'During the year 1865 a great advance was made in the industrial
department of our work. About seventeen acres of land were taken in hand
and worked by Mr. Pritt, with the Melanesian lads. We have our own
dairy of thirteen cows, and, besides supplying the whole Mission party,
numbering in all seventy-seven persons, with abundance of milk, we sell
considerable quantities of butter. We grow, of course, our own potatoes
and vegetables, and maize, &c., for our cows. The farm and dairy work
affords another opportunity for teaching our young people to acquire
habits of industry.'

Cooking, farm, gardening, dairy-work, setting out the table, &c.,
were all honourable occupations, and of great importance in teaching
punctuality and regularity, and the various arts and decencies of life
to the youths, who were in time to implant good habits in their native
homes. Their natural docility made them peculiarly easy to manage and
train while in hand; the real difficulty was that their life was so
entirely different from their home, that there was no guessing how deep
the training went, and, on every voyage, some fishes slipped through the
meshes of the net, though some returned again, and others never dropped
from their Bishop's hands. But he was becoming anxious to spare some of
his scholars the trial of a return to native life; and, as the season
had been healthy, he ventured on leaving twenty-seven pupils at St.
Andrew's with Mr. and Mrs. Pritt, among them George and Sarah Sarawia.

After Trinity Sunday, May 27, the 'Southern Cross' sailed, and the
outward voyage gave leisure for the following letter to Prof. Max
Muller, explaining why he could not make his knowledge of languages of
more benefit to philology while thus absorbed in practical work:--


'"Southern Cross," off Norfolk Ireland: June 6, 1866.

'My dear Friend,--I am about to tire your patience heavily. For I
must find you some reasons for doing so little in making known these
Melanesian dialects, and that will be wearisome for you to read; and,
secondly, I cannot put down clearly and consecutively what I want to
say. I have so very little time for thinking out, and working at any
one subject continuously, that my whole habit of mind becomes, I fear,
inaccurate and desultory. I have so very many and so very different
occupations, and so much anxiety and so many interruptions, as the
"friction" that attends the working, of a new and somewhat untried
machine.'

'You know that we are few in number; indeed (Codrington being absent)
I have but two clergymen with me, and two young men who may be ordained
by-and-by. Besides, had I the twenty troublesome men, whom you wish to
banish into these regions, what use would they or any men be until they
had learnt their work? And it must fall to me to teach them, and that
takes again much of my time; so that, as a matter of fact, there are
many things that I must do, even when all is going on smoothly; and
should sickness come, then, of course, my days and nights are spent
in nursing poor lads, to whom no one else can talk, cheering up poor
fellows seized with sudden nervous terror, giving food to those who will
take it from no one else, &c.

'Then the whole management of the Mission must fall upon me; though I am
most thankful to say that for some time Mr. Pritt has relieved me from
the charge of all domestic and industrial works. He does everything of
that kind, and does it admirably, so that our institution really is a
well-ordered industrial school, in which kitchen work, dairy work, farm
work, printing, clothes making and mending, &c., are all carried on,
without the necessity of having any foreign importation of servants,
who would be sure to do harm, both by their ideas as to perquisites (=
stealing in the minds of our Melanesians), and by introducing the idea
of paid labour; whereas now we all work together, and no one counts any
work degrading, and still less does any one qua white consider himself
entitled to fag a Melanesian.

'Mr. Tilly, R.N., has also quite relieved me from my duties as skipper,
and I have no trouble about marine stores, shipping seamen, navigating
the vessel now. I cannot be too thankful for this; it, saves me time,
anxiety, and worry; yet much remains that I must do, which is not
connected with peculiar work directly.

'I can't refuse the Bishop of New Zealand when he presses me (for want
of a better man) to be trustee of properties, and to engage in managing
the few educational institutions we have. I can't refuse to take some
share in English clerical work while on shore; indeed, in 1865, my good
friend Archdeacon Lloyd being ill, I took his parish (one and a half
hour distant from Kohimarama), the most important parish in Auckland,
for some three months; not slacking my Melanesian work, though I could
only avoid going back by hard application, and could make no progress.
Then I must attend our General Synod; and all these questions concerning
the colonial churches take some time to master, and yet I must know what
is going on.

'Then I must carry on all the correspondence of the Mission. I am always
writing letters. Every £5 from any part of New Zealand or Australia I
must acknowledge; and everyone wants information, anecdotes, &c., which
it vexes my soul to have to supply, but who else can do it? Then I keep
all the accounts, very complicated, as you would say if you saw my big
ledger. And I don't like to be altogether behindhand in the knowledge
of theological questions, and people sometimes write to me, and their
letters need to be answered carefully. Besides, take my actual time
spent in teaching. Shall I give you a day at Kohimarama?

'I get in the full summer months an hour for reading by being dressed
at 5.30 A.M. At 5.30 I see the lads washing, &c., 7 A.M. breakfast all
together, in hall, 7.30 chapel, 8-9.30 school, 9.30-12.30 industrial
work. During this time I have generally half an hour with Mr. Pritt
about business matters, and proof sheets are brought me, yet I get a
little time for preparing lessons. 12.45 short service in chapel, 1
dinner, 2-3 Greek Testament with English young men, 3-4 classics with
ditto, 5 tea, 6.30 evening chapel, 7-8.30 evening school with divers
classes in rotation or with candidates for Baptism or Confirmation,
8.30-9 special instruction to more advanced scholars, only a few. 9-10
school with two other English lay assistants. Add to all this, visitors
interrupting me from 4-5, correspondence, accounts, trustee business,
sermons, nursing sick boys, and all the many daily unexpected little
troubles that must be smoothed down, and questions inquired into, and
boys' conduct investigated, and what becomes of linguistics? So much
for my excuse for my small progress in languages! Don't think all this
egotistical; it is necessary to make you understand my position.

'If I had spare time, leisure for working at any special work, perhaps
eleven years of this kind of life have unfitted me for steady sustained
thought. And you know well I bring but slender natural qualifications
to the task. A tolerably true ear and good memory for words, and now
something of the instinctive insight into new tongues, but that is
chiefly from continual practice.

'But when I attempt to systematise, I find endless ramifications of
cognate dialects rushing through my brain, by their very multitude
overwhelming me, and though I see the affinities and can make practical
use of them, I don't know how to state them on paper, where to begin,
how to put another person in my position.

'Again, for observation of the rapid changes in these dialects, I have
not much opportunity. For no one in Melanesia can be my informant. It
is not easy where so many dialects must be known for practical purposes,
for the introductory part of Mission work, to talk to some wild naked
old fellow, and to make him understand what I am anxious to ascertain.
It is a matter that has no interest for him, he never thought of it,
he doesn't know my meaning, what have we in common? How can I rouse him
from his utter indifference, even if I know his language so well as to
talk easily, not to a scholar of my own, but to an elderly man, with
none but native ideas in his head?

'All that I can do is to learn many dialects of a given archipelago,
present their existing varieties, and so work back to the original
language. This, to some extent, has been done in the Banks group, and
in the eastern part of the Solomon Isles. But directly I get so far as
this, I am recalled to the practical necessity of using the knowledge
of the several dialects rather to make known God's truth to the heathen
than to inform literati of the process of dialectic variation. Don't
mistake me, my dear friend, or suspect me of silly sentimentalism. But
you can easily understand what it is to feel "God has given to me only
of all Christian men the power of speaking to this or that nation, and,
moreover, that is the work He has sent me to do." Often, I don't deny,
I should like the other better. It is very pleasant to shirk my evening
class, e.g. and spend the time with Sir William Martin, discussing some
point of Melanesian philosophy. But then my dear lads have lost two
hours of Christian instruction, and that won't do.

'I don't need to be urged to do more in working out their languages. I
am quite aware of the duty of doing all that I can in that way, and I
wish to do it; but there are only twenty-four hours in the day and night
together! I feel that it is a part of my special work, for each grammar
and dictionary that I can write opens out the language to some other
than myself. But I am now apologising rather for my fragmentary way of
writing what I do write by saying that what I find enough, with my
help given in school to enable one of my party to learn a dialect, I am
almost obliged to regard as a measure of the time that I ought to spend
on it.

'Another thing, I have no outline provided for me, which I can fill up.
My own clear impression is that to attempt to follow the analogy of
our complicated Greek and Latin grammars would not only involve certain
failure, but would mislead people altogether. I don't want to be hunting
after a Melanesian paulo-post-futurum. I had rather say, "All men qua
men think, and have a power of expressing their thoughts. They have
wants and express them. They use many different forms of speech in
making that statement, if we look superficially at the matter, not so if
we look into it," and so on. Then, discarding the ordinary arrangement
of grammars, explain the mode of thought, the peculiar method of
thinking upon matters of common interest, in the mind of the Melanesian,
as exhibited in his language. An Englishman says, "When I get there, it
will be night." But a Pacific Islander says, "I am there, it is night."
The one says, "Go on, it will soon be dark." The other, "Go on, it has
become already night." Anyone sees that the one possesses the power of
realising the future as present, or past; the other now whatever it may
have been once, does not exercise such power. A companion calls me at
5.30 A.M., with the words, "Eke! me gong veto," (Hullo! it is night
already). He means, "Why, we ought to be off, we shall never reach
the end of our journey before dark." But how neatly and prettily he
expresses his thought! I assure you, civilised languages, for
common conversational purposes needed by travellers, &c., are clumsy
contrivances! Of course you know all this a hundred times better than I
do. I only illustrate my idea of a grammar as a means of teaching others
the form of the mould in which the Melanesian's mind is cast. I think
I ought to go farther, and seek for certain categories, under which
thought may be classified (so to say), and beginning with the very
simplest work on to the more complicated powers.

'But I haven't the head to do this; and suppose that I did make such a
framework, how am I to fill it in so as to be intelligible to outsiders?
For practical purposes, I give numerals, personal, possessive, and
demonstrative pronouns, the mode of qualifying nouns, e.g., some
languages interpose a monosyllable between the substantive and
adjective, others do not. The words used (as it is called) as
prepositions and adverbs, the mode of changing a neuter verb into a
transitive or causative verb, usually by a word prefixed, which means do
or make, e.g., die, do-die, do-to-the-death, him.

'Then I teach orally how the intonation, accentuation, pause in
the utterance, gesticulation, supply the place of stops, marks of
interrogation, &c.

'Then giving certain nouns, verbs, &c., make my English pupils construct
sentences; then give them a vocabulary and genuine native stories, not
translations at all, least of all of religious books, which contain very
few native ideas, but stories of sharks, cocoa-nuts, canoes, fights,
&c. This is the apparatus. This gives but little idea of a Melanesian
dialect to you. I know it, and am anxious to do more.

'This last season I have had some three or four months, during which I
determined that I must refuse to take so much English work, &c. I sat
and growled in my den, and of course rather vexed people, and perhaps,
for which I should be most heartily grieved, my dear friend and leader,
the Bishop of New Zealand. But I stuck to my work. I wrote about a dozen
papers of phrases in as many dialects, to show the mode of expressing in
those dialects what we express by adverbs and prepositions, &c. This is,
of course, the difficult part of a language for a stranger to find
out. I also printed three, and have three more nearly finished in MS.,
vocabularies of about 600 words with a true native sehdia on each word.
The mere writing (for much was written twice over) took a long time. And
there is this gained by these vocabularies for practical purposes: these
are (with more exceptions, it is true, than I intended) the words which
crop up most readily in a Melanesian mind. Much time I have wasted, and
would fain save others from wasting, in trying to form a Melanesian
mind into a given direction into which it ought, as I supposed, to have
travelled, but which nevertheless it refused to follow. Just ten years'
experience has, of course, taught me a good deal of the minds of these
races; and when I catch a new fellow, as wild as a hawk, and set to work
at a new language, it is a great gain to have even partially worked out
the problem, "What words shall I try to get from this fellow?" Now I go
straight to my mark, or rather I am enabling, I hope, my young friends
with me to do so, for of course, I have learnt to do so myself, more
or less, for some time past. Many words may surprise you, and many
alterations I should make in any revision. I know a vast number of words
not used in these vocabularies, in some languages I daresay five times
the number, but I had a special reason for writing only these. The rest
must come, if I live, by-and-by.

'Of course these languages are very poor in respect of words belonging
to civilised and literary and religious life, but exceedingly rich in
all that pertains to the needs and habits of men circumstanced as
they are. I draw naturally this inference, "Don't be in any hurry to
translate, and don't attempt to use words as (assumed) equivalents of
abstract ideas. Don't devise modes of expression unknown to the language
as at present in use. They can't understand, and therefore don't use
words to express definitions."

But, as everywhere, our Lord gives us the model. A certain lawyer asked
Him for a definition of his neighbour, but He gave no definition, only
He spoke a simple and touching parable. So teach, not a technical word,
but an actual thing.

'Why do I write all this to you? It is wasting your time. But I prose
on.--(A sheet follows on the structure of the languages.)

'Well, I have inflicted a volume on you. We are almost becalmed after a
weary fortnight of heavy weather, in which we have been knocked about
in every direction in our tight little 90-ton schooner. And my head is
hardly steady yet, so excuse a long letter, or rather long chatty set of
desultory remarks, from

'Your old affectionate Friend,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


A little scene from Mr. Atkin's journal shows how he had learnt to talk
to natives. He went ashore with the Bishop and some others at Sesaki for
yams:--

'It has been by far the pleasantest day of the kind that I have seen
here. The people are beginning to understand that they can do no better
than trade fairly with us, and to-day they on the whole behaved very
well. A very big fellow had been ringing all the changes between
commanding and entreating me to give him a hatchet (I was holding the
trade bag). When he found it was no use, he said, "I was a bad man, and
never gave anything." I said "Yes, I was." He said the Bishops were very
good men, they gave liberally. He had better go and ask the Bishop for
something, for he was a good man, though I was not.'

After landing Mr. Palmer at Mota, the vessel went onto the Solomon
Isles, reaching Bauro on the 27th:--

'About 8.30 in the evening the boat was lowered, and the party pulled
towards the village, which was the home of Taroniara, in a fine clear
moonlit night, by the fires which people had lit for the people on
shore, and directed by Taroniara himself to the opening in the reef.
They landed in the midst of a group of dark figures, some standing in a
brook, some by the side under a large spreading tree, round a fire fed
by dry cocoa-nut leaves; and in the background were tall cocoa-nuts with
their gracefully drooping plumes, and the moon behind shining through
them made the shade seem darker and deeper as the flashing crests of the
surf, breaking on the reef, made the heaving sea beyond look murkier. It
was a sight worth going a long way to see,' so says Mr. Atkin's journal.

The next sight was, however, still more curious. The Bishop relented so
far towards 'the Net,' as to write an account of it on purpose for it.
Ysabel Island is, like almost all the rest, divided among many small
communities of warlike habits. And some years previously the people of
Mahaga, the place with which he was best acquainted, had laid an ambush
for those of Hogirano, killed a good many, and, cutting off their
heads, had placed them in a row upon stones, and danced round them in a
victorious suit of white-coral lime. However, a more powerful tribe, not
long after, came down upon Mahaga and fearfully avenged the massacre of
Hogirano. All were slain who could not escape into the bush; and when
the few survivors, after days and nights of hunger, ventured back, they
found the dwellings burnt, the fruit trees cut down, the yam and taro
grounds devastated, and more than a hundred headless bodies of their
kindred lying scattered about.

This outrage had led to the erection of places of refuge in the tops of
trees; and Bishop Patteson, who had three Mahagan scholars, went ashore,
with the hope of passing the night in one of these wonderful places,
where the people always slept, though by day they lived in the ordinary
open bamboo huts.

After landing in a mangrove swamp, and wading through deep mud, he found
that the Mahaga people had removed from their old site, and had built a
strong fortification near the sea; and close above, so as to be reached
by ladders resting on the wall, were six large tree-houses.

It had been raining heavily for a day or two, and the paths were so deep
in mud that the bed of a water-course was found preferable to them. The
bush had been cleared for some distance before the steep rocky mound
where the village stood, surrounded by a high wall of stones, in which
one narrow entrance was left, approached by a fallen trunk of a tree
lying over a hollow. The huts were made of bamboo canes, and the floors,
raised above the ground, were nearly covered with mats and a kind of
basket work.

The tree-houses, six in number, were upon the tops of trees of great
height, 50 feet round at the base, and all branches cleared off till
near the summit, where two or three grew out at right angles, something
after the manner of an Italian stone pine:--

'From the top of the wall the ladder that led to one of these houses was
60 feet long, but it was not quite upright, and the tree was growing at
some little distance from the bottom of the rock, and the distance by
a plumb line from the floor of the verandah to the ground on the lower
side of the tree was 94 feet. The floor of the house, which is made
first, was 23 feet long and about 11 broad; a narrow verandah is left at
each end, and the inside length of the house is 18 feet, the breadth
10 feet, the height to the ridge pole 6 feet. The floor was of bamboo
matted, the roof and sides of palm-leaf thatch. The ladders were
remarkable contrivances: a pole in the centre, from 4 to 6 inches in
diameter, to which were lashed by vines cross pieces of wood, about
two feet long. To steady these and hold on by were double shrouds of
supple-jacks. The rungs of the ladder were at unequal distances, 42 upon
the 50 feet ladder.'

The Bishop and Pasvorang, who had gone ashore together, beheld men,
women, and children running up and down these ladders, and walking about
the bare branches, trusting entirely to their feet and not touching with
their hands. The Bishop, in his wet slippery shoes, did not think it
right to run the risk of an accident: and though Pasvorang, who was as
much at home as a sailor among the ropes of the 'Southern Cross,' made
the ascent, he came down saying, 'I was so afraid, my legs shook.
Don't you go, going aloft is nothing to it;' but the people could not
understand any dread; and when the Bishop said, 'I can't go up there.
I am neither bird nor bat, and I have no wings if I fall,' they thought
him joking. At the same time he saw a woman with a load on her back,
quietly walking up a ladder to another tree, not indeed so lofty as that
Pasvorang had tried, but as if it were the most natural thing in the
world, and without attempting to catch hold with her hands.

'At night,' says the Bishop, 'as I lay ignominiously on the ground in
a hut, I heard the songs of the women aloft as voices from the clouds,
while the loud croaking of the frogs, the shrill noise of countless
cicadas, the scream of cockatoos and parrots, the cries of birds of many
kinds, and the not unreasonable fear of scorpions, all combined to keep
me awake. Solemn thoughts pass through the mind at such times, and from
time to time I spoke to the people who were sleeping in the hut with me.
It rained heavily in the night, and I was not sorry to find myself at 7
A.M. on board the schooner.'

The next day was spent in doing the honours of the ship, a crowd on
board all day; and on July 2 the Bishop landed again with Mr. Atkin,
and mounted up to this wonderful nest, where all these measurements
were made. It proved much more agreeable to look at from below than
to inhabit 'the low steaming bamboo huts--the crowds, the dirt, the
squalling of babies--you can't sit or stand, or touch anything that is
not grimy and sooty and muddy. It is silly to let these things really
affect one, only that it now seems rather to knock me up. After such
a day and night I am very tired, come back to our little ship as to a
palace, wash, and sit down on a clean, if not a soft stool, and am free
for a little while from continual noise and the necessity of making talk
in an imperfectly known language.

'It is really curious to see how in some way our civilised mode of life
unfits one for living among these races. It is not to be denied that the
want of such occupations as we are employed in is a large cause of their
troubles. What are they to do during the long hours of night, and on
wet, pouring days? They can't read, they can't see in their huts to do
any work, making baskets, &c. They must lie about, talking scandal and
acquiring listless indolent habits. Then comes a wild reaction. The
younger people like excitement as much as our young men like hunting,
fishing, shooting, &c. How can they get this? Why, they must quarrel and
fight, and so they pass their time. It does seem almost impossible to do
much for people so circumstanced; yet it was much the same in Mota and
elsewhere, where things are altered for the better.'

It was bad and trying weather, and it was well to have only two old
Banks Islanders on board, besides three Ysabel lads. The Bishop
had plenty of time for writing; and for the first time in his life
'pronounced himself forward with that Report which was always on his
mind.' He goes on: 'I read a good deal, but I don't say that my mind is
very active all the time, and I have some schooling. Yet it is not easy
to do very much mental work. I think that I feel the heat more than I
used to do, but that may be only my fancy.

'You meantime are, I hope, enjoying fine summer weather. Certainly it
must be a charming place that you have, close to that grand Church
and grand scenery. I think my idea of a cosy home is rather that of
a cottage in the Isle of Wight, or, better still, a house near such a
Cathedral as Wells, in one of the cottages close to the clear streams
that wind through and about the Cathedral precincts. But I can form
no real notions about such things. Only I am pretty sure that there
is little happiness without real hard work. I do long sometimes for
a glorious Cathedral service, for the old chants, anthems, not for
"functions" and "processions," &c. I have read Freeman's pamphlet on
"Ritual" with interest; he really knows what he writes about, and has
one great object and a worthy one, the restoration of the universal
practice of weekly communion as the special Sunday service. That all
our preachifying is a wide departure from the very idea of worship
is self-evident, when it is made more than a necessary part of the
religious observance of the Lord's Day, and catechising is worth far
more than preaching (in the technical sense of the word).'

A first visit was paid to Savo; where numerous canoes came out to meet
them, one a kind of state galley, with the stem and stern twelve feet
high, inlaid with mother-of-pearl, and ornamented with white shells
(most likely the ovum or poached egg), and containing the chief men of
the island. The people spoke the Ysabel language, and the place seemed
promising.

Some little time was spent in beating up to Bauro; where the Bishop
again landed at Taroniara's village, and slept in his hut, which was as
disagreeable as all such places were:--'Such a night always disturbs
me for a time, throws everything out of regular working order; but it
always pays, the people like it, and it shows a confidence in them which
helps us on.

'I was disappointed though in the morning, when Taroniara declined to
come with me to this place.

'My people say, "Why do you go away?"--the old stupid way of getting out
of an engagement.' However, two others came to 'this place,' which was a
hut in the village of Wango, which the Bishop had hired for ten days for
the rent of a hatchet.

'A very sufficient rent too, you would say, if you could see the place.
I can only stand upright under the ridge pole, the whole of the oblong
is made of bamboo, with a good roof that kept out a heavy shower last
night. There is a fresh stream of water within fifteen yards, where I
bathed at 9 P.M. yesterday; and as I managed to get rid of strangers
by 8.30, it was not so difficult to manage a shift into a clean and dry
sleeping shirt, and then, lying down on Aunt William's cork-bed (my old
travelling companion), I slept very fairly.

'People about the hut at earliest dawn; and the day seems long, the
sustained effort of talking, the heat, the crowd, and the many little
things that should not but do operate as an annoyance, all tire one
very much. But I hope that by degrees I may get opportunities of talking
about the matter that I come to talk about. Just now the trading with
the vessel, which is detained here by the weather, and surprise at my
half-dozen books, &c., prevent any attention being paid to anything
else.

'7 P.M.--The vessel went off at 10.30 A.M. I felt for a little while
rather forlorn, and a little sinking at the heart. You see I confess it
all, how silly! Can't I after so many years bear to be left in one sense
alone? I read a little of you know what Book, and then found the feeling
pass entirely away.

'But, more than that, the extreme friendliness of the people, the real
kindness was pleasant to me. One man brought his child, "The child of us
two, Bishop." Another man, "These cocoa-nut trees are the property of us
two, remember." A third, "When you want yams, don't you buy them, tell
me."

'But far better still. Many times already to-day have I spoken to the
people; they have so far listened that they say, "Take this boy, and
this boy, and this boy. We see now why you don't want big men, we see
now that you can't stop here long, what for you wish for lads whom you
may teach, we see that you want them for a long time. Keep these lads
two years."

'"Yes, two or three or four. By-and-by you will understand more and more
my reason."

'Then came the talks that you too may experience when dealing with some
neglected child in London, or it may be in the country; but which, under
the cocoa-nut tree, with dark naked men, have a special impressiveness.
It was the old lesson, of the Eternal and Universal Father, who has not
left Himself without witness in that He gives us all rain from Heaven,
&c., and of our ingratitude, and His love; of His coming down to point
out the way of life, and of His Death and Rising again; of another
world, Resurrection, and Judgment. All interrupted, now and then, by
exclamations of surprise, laughter, or by some one beginning to talk
about something that jarred sadly on one's ear, and yet was but natural.
But I do hope that a week may pass not unprofitably. In one sense, I
shall no doubt be glad when it is over; but I think that it may, by
God's great goodness, be a preparation for something more to come.

'Last night, my little hired hut being crowded as usual, they all cried
out at once "Numu" (earthquake). I should not the least have known that
anything had occurred. I said I thought it was a pig pushing against the
bamboo wall of the hut. They say that they have no serious shocks, but
very many slight ones. Crocodiles they have too, but, they say, none in
this stream.

'July 22nd.--It is 9 P.M., the pleasantest time, in one sense, of my
twenty-four hours, for there are only two people with me in the hut.

'My arrangements are somewhat simple; but I am very comfortable.
Delicious bathes I have in the stream: yams and fish are no bad fare;
and I have some biscuit and essence of coffee, and a few books, and am
perfectly well. The mode of life has become almost natural to me. I
am on capital terms with the people, and even the babies are no longer
afraid of me. Old and young, men and women, boys and girls about me of
course all day; and small presents of yams, fish, bananas, almonds, show
the friendliness of the people when properly treated. But the bunches of
skulls remain slung up in the large canoe houses, and they can be wild
enough when they are excited.'

[The home diary continues, on the 26th]:--'I am expecting the schooner,
and shall be glad to get off if it arrives to-day, for it is very fine.
I don't think I could do any good by staying a few days more, so I might
as well be on my way to Santa Cruz. If I were here for good, of course
I should be busy about many things that it would be useless to attempt
now, e.g., what good would it be to induce half-a-dozen boys to learn
"a," when I should be gone before they could learn "b"? So I content
myself with making friends with the people, observing their ways, and
talking to them as I can. It is hot, now at 8.30 A.M. What will it be at
2 P.M.? But I may perhaps be able to say something to cheer me up.
One of the trials of this kind of thing is that one seems to be doing
nothing. Simply I am here! Hardly in one hour out of the twenty-four am
I sure to be speaking of religion. Yet the being here is something,
the gaining the confidence and goodwill of the people. Then comes the
thought, who is to carry this on? And yet I dare not ask men to come,
for I am certain they would after all my pains find something different
from what they expect.

My death would very likely bring out some better men for the work, with
energy and constructive power and executive genius, all of which, guided
by Divine Wisdom, seem to be so much wanted! But just now, I don't see
what would become of a large part of the work if I died. I am leaving
books somewhat more in order; but it is one thing to have a book to help
one in acquiring a language, quite another to speak it freely, and to be
personally known to the people who speak it.

'11th Sunday after Trinity.--Off Anudha Island, 4 P.M. Thermometer 88°
in the empty cabin, everyone being on deck. Well, dear old Joan and
Fan, refreshed by--what do you think? O feast of Guildhall and Bristol
mayors! Who would dream of turtle soup on board the "Southern Cross" in
these unknown seas? Tell it not to Missionary Societies! Let no platform
orator divulge the great secret of the luxurious self-indulgent life of
the Missionary Bishop! What nuts for the "Pall Mall Gazette"! How would
all subscriptions cease, and denunciations be launched upon my devoted
head, because good Mr. Tilly bought, at San Cristoval, for the price of
one tenpenny hatchet, a little turtle, a veritable turtle, with green
fat and all the rest of it, upon which we have made to-day a most regal
feast indeed.

'But seriously. There has been much to make me hopeful, and something to
disappoint me, since I last wrote.'

The two days at Santa Cruz were hopeful--[Mr. Atkin says that the
natives came on board with readiness and stole with equal readiness; but
this was all in a friendly way]--and a small island, named Piteni, was
visited, and judged likely to prove a means of reaching the larger isle.

The disappointment is not here mentioned, unless it was the missing some
of the Ysabel scholars, and bringing away only three; but this mattered
the less, as the Banks Island party, which, as forming a nucleus, was
far more important, was now considerable. Sixty-two scholars were the
present freight, including nine little girls, between eight and twelve,
mostly betrothed to old pupils.

At Malanta, a new village called Saa was visited. The 'harbour' was a
wall of coral, with the surf breaking upon it, but a large canoe showed
the only accessible place, and this was exposed to the whole swell of
the Pacific.

'The natives,' writes Mr. Atkin, 'held the boat in water up to their
knees, but the seas that broke thirty yards outside washed over their
shoulders and sometimes their heads. We might have taken away half the
people of the village, and had no trouble in getting two nice-looking
little boys. About 320 miles from Norfolk Island, one of these little
boys, Wate, playing, fell overboard: we were going ten knots at the
time, right before the wind; it was a quarter of an hour before we
picked him up, as it took five minutes to stop the vessel and ten to get
to him. Wate seemed all the better for his ducking.' This little Wate
became Mr. Atkin's especial child, his godson and devoted follower.

On October 2, Norfolk Island was reached, and there, a wooden house
having been conveyed thither by H.M.S. 'Falcon,' Mr. Palmer and fifteen
scholars were placed to spend the winter. The Pitcairners welcomed
the Mission, but were displeased at the Government assuming a right to
dispose of the land which they had fancied entirely their own.

One of the letters written separate from the journal during this voyage
gives a commission for photographs from the best devotional prints, for
the benefit chiefly of his young colonial staff:--'I have not the
heart to send for my Lionardo da Vinci,' (he says), that much valued
engraving, purchased at Florence, and he wishes for no modern ones, save
Ary Scheffer's 'Christis Consolator,' mentioning a few of his special
favourites to be procured if possible. For the Melanesians, pictures of
ships, fishes, and if possible tropical vegetation, was all the art yet
needed, and beads, red and blue, but dull ones; none not exactly like
the samples would be of any use. 'It is no good sending out any "fancy"
articles such as you would give English children. "Toys for savages" are
all the fancies of those who manufacture such toys for sale. Of course,
any manufacturer who wishes to give presents of knives, tools, hatchets,
&c., would do a great benefit, but then the knives must be really strong
and sharp.'

I have concluded the letters of the island voyage, before giving
those written on the homeward transit from Norfolk Island, whither the
'Falcon' had conveyed the letters telling of the departure of both Mr.
and Mrs. Keble. The first written under this impulse was of course to
Sir John Coleridge, the oldest friend:--


'At Sea, near Norfolk Island: October 3, 1866.

'My dear, dear Uncle,--How can I thank you enough for telling me so much
of dear saintly Mr. Keble and his wife? He has been, for my dear father
and mother's sakes, very loving to me, and actually wrote me two short
letters, one after his seizure, which I treasure. How I had grown
to reverence and love him more and more you can easily believe; and
yesterday at Norfolk Island, whither some letters had been sent, I read
with a very full heart of the peaceful close of such a holy life. And
I do love to think too of you and him, if I may speak freely of such as
you; and the weight attached to all you say and do (you two I mean) in
your several occupations seems at all events one hopeful sign among
not a few gloomy ones. I suppose you and Mr. Keble little estimated the
influence which even a casual word or sentence of yours exercises upon
a man of my age, predisposed (it is true) to hearken with attention and
reverence....

'Is it possible that fifty years hence any similar event, should there
be such, which should so "stir the heart of the country" (as you say
about Mr. Keble's death), might stimulate people to raise large sums
for the endowment of a Church about to be, or already separated from the
State? I can't avoid feeling as if God may be permitting the extension
of the Colonial Churches, partly and in a secondary sense that so the
ground may be travelled over on a small scale before the Church at home
may be thrown in like manner upon its own resources. The alliance is a
very precarious one surely, and depends upon the solemn adherence to a
fiction. It is extraordinary that some Colonial Bishops should seek to
reproduce the state of things which is of course peculiar to England,
the produce of certain historical events, and which can have no
resemblance whatever to the circumstances of our Colonies.

'The mail closes just after our arrival; and I am very busy at first
coming on shore with such a party. Goodbye for the present, my dear dear
Uncle,

'Your loving and grateful Nephew, 'J. C. P.'


To me the condolence was:--


'October 6, 1866.

'And so, my dear Cousin, the blow has fallen upon you, and dear Mr. and
Mrs. Keble have passed away to their eternal rest. I found letters at
Norfolk Island on October 2, not my April letters, which will tell me
most about him, but my May budget.

'How very touching the account is which my Uncle John sends me of dear
Mrs. Keble, so thankful that he was taken first, so desirous to go, yet
so content to stay! And how merciful it has all been. Such a calm holy
close to the saintly life. May God bless and support all you who feel
the bereavement! Even I feel that I would fain look for one more letter
from him, but we have his "Christian Year," and other books. Is it not
wonderful that all the wisdom and love and beauty of the "Christian
Year," to say nothing of the exquisite and matured poetry, should have
been given to him so early in life? Why, as I gather, the book was
finished in the year 1825, though not published till 1827. He wrote it
when he was only 33 years old, and for 45 years he lived after he was
capable of such a work. Surely such a union of extreme learning, wisdom,
and scholarship, with humility and purity of heart and life has very
seldom been found. Everyone wishes to say something to everyone else of
one so dear to all, and no one can say what each and all feel. We ought
indeed to be thankful, who not only have in common with all men his
books, but the memory of what he was personally to us.

'The change must needs be a great one to you. I do feel much for you
indeed. But you will bear it bravely; and many duties and the will and
power to discharge them occupy the mind, and the elasticity comes back
again after a time. I know nothing of the Keble family, not even how
they were related to him, so that my interest in Hursley is connected
with him only. Yet it will always be a hallowed spot in the memory of
English Churchmen. You will hear the various rumours as to who is to
write his life, &c. Let me know what is worth knowing about it.

'Kohimarama. Anchored on October 8, after an absence of exactly six
weeks; all well on board and ashore.

'Thanks be to God for so many mercies. The mail is gone, and alas! all
my letters and newspapers were sent off a few days since in the "Brisk"
to Norfolk Island. We passed each other. They did not expect me back so
soon, so I have no late news, and have no time to read newspapers.

'May God bless you, my dear Cousin,

'Your affectionate Cousin, 'J. C. PATTESON.'


In spite of this deep veneration for Mr. Keble and for his teachings,
Bishop Patteson did not embrace to the full the doctrine which had been
maintained in 'Eucharistic Adoration,' and which he rightly perceived to
lie at the root of the whole Ritualistic question. His conclusions had
been formed upon the teachings of the elder Anglican divines, and his
predilections for the externals of worship upon the most reverent and
beautiful forms to which he had been accustomed before he left home.

After an All Saints' Communion, the following letter was written:--


'All Saints' Day, 1866.

'My dear Cousin,--You know why I write to you on this day. The Communion
of Saints becomes ever a more and more real thing to us as holy and
saintly servants of God pass beyond the veil, as also we learn to know
and love more and more our dear fellow-labourers and fellow-pilgrims
still among us in the flesh.

'Such a day as this brings, thanks be to God, many calm, peaceful
memories with it. Of how many we may both think humbly and thankfully
whose trials and sorrows are over for ever, whose earthly work is done,
who dwell now in Paradise and see His Face, and calmly wait for the
great consummation. To you the sense of personal loss must be now--it
will always be--mixed up with the true spirit of thankfulness and
joy; but remember that as they greatly helped you, so you in no slight
measure have received from God power to help others, a trust which I
verily believe you are faithfully discharging, and that the brightness
of the Christian life must be not lost sight of in our dealings
with others, would we really seek to set forth the attractiveness of
religion.

'I don't mean that I miss this element in any of your writings; rather
I am thankful to you because you teach so well how happiness and joy
are the portion of the Christian in the midst of so much that the world
counts sorrow and loss. But I think that depression of mind rapidly
communicates itself, and you must be aware that you are through your
books stamping your mind on many people.

'Do you mind my saying all this to you? only I would fain say anything
that at such a time may, if only for a minute, help to keep the bright
side before you. The spirit of patience did seem so to rest upon him
and his dear saintly wife. The motto of the Christian Year seemed to
be inwoven into his life and character. I suppose he so well knew the
insignificance of what to us mortals in our own generation seems so
great, that he had learned to view eternal truths in the light of Him
who is eternal. He fought manfully for the true eternal issues, and
everything else fell into its subordinate place. Is not one continually
struck with his keen sense of the proportion of things? He wastes no
time nor strength in the accidents of religion; much that he liked and
valued he never taught as essential, or even mentioned, lest it might
interfere with essentials.

'Oh! that his calm wise judgment, his spiritual discernment, may be
poured out on many earnest men who I can't help thinking lack that
instinct which divinely guided the early Church in the "selection of
fundamentals." We must all grieve to see earnest, zealous men almost
injuring the good cause, and placing its best and wisest champions in an
unnecessarily difficult position, because they do not see what I suppose
Mr. Keble did see so very clearly.

'I know that these questions present themselves somewhat differently
to those situated severally as you and we are. But it is, I suppose, by
freely interchanging amongst ourselves thoughts that the general balance
is best preserved. Pray, when you have time, write freely to me on such
matters if you think it may be of use to do so. The Church everywhere
ought to guard, and teach, and practise what is essential. In
non-essentials I suppose the rule is clear. I will eat no meat, &c.

'And now good-bye, my dear Cousin; and may God ever bless and comfort
you.

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Sir William and Lady Martin had just paid their last visit to
Kohimarama, and here is the final record by Lady Martin's hand of the
pleasant days there spent:--

'One more visit we paid to our dear friend in November 1866, a few
months before he left Kohimarama for Norfolk Island. He invited my dear
husband specially for the purpose of working together at Hebrew,
with the aid of the lights they thought our languages throw on its
grammatical structure.

'The Bishop was very happy and bright. He was in his new house, a great
improvement upon the stuffy quarters in the quad. His sitting-room
was large and lofty, and had French windows which opened on a little
verandah facing the sea.

'The Mission party were most co-operative, and would not let the Bishop
come into school during the three weeks of our stay, so he had a working
holiday which he thoroughly enjoyed. The weather was lovely, the boys
were all well, and there was no drawback to the happiness of that time.
At seven the chapel bell rang and we walked across with him to the
pretty little chapel. The prayers and hymn were in Mota, the latter a
translation by the Bishop of the hymn "Now that the daylight fills the
sky." The boys all responded heartily and were reverent in demeanour.
After breakfast the two wise men worked steadily till nearly one. We
were not allowed to dine in Hall as the weather was very warm, and we
inveigled the Bishop to stay out and be our host.

'A quaint little procession of demure-looking little maidens brought our
dinner over. They were grave and full of responsibility till some word
from 'Bisop' would light up their faces with shy smiles.

'What pleasant walks we had together before evening chapel under the
wooded cliffs or through the green fields. Mr. Pritt had by this time
brought the Mission farm into excellent working order by the aid of the
elder lads alone. Abundance of good milk and butter (the latter getting
ready sale in town) and of vegetables. His gifts too in school-keeping
were invaluable.

'I wish I could recall some of the conversations with our dear friend. A
favourite topic was concerning the best modes of bringing the doctrines
of the Christian religion clearly and fully within the comprehension
of the converts. Some of their papers written after being taught by him
showed that they did apprehend them in a thoughtful intelligent way.

'At half-past six we had a short service, again in Mota, in chapel, and
then we rarely saw our dear friend till nine. He would not neglect any
of his night classes. At half-past nine the English workers gathered
together in the Bishop's room for prayers and for a little friendly
chat. Curiously enough, the conversation I most distinctly remember was
one with him as we rode up one Saturday from Kohimarama to St. John's
College. I got him to describe the game of tennis, and he warmed up and
told me of games he had played at.

'How that cheery talk came to mind as I drove down the same road last
year just after fine weather had come! It was the same season, and the
hedges on each side of the narrow lane were fragrant as then with may
and sweet briar.'




CHAPTER XI. ST. BARNABAS COLLEGE, NORFOLK ISLAND. 1867--1869.



A new phase of Coleridge Patteson's life was beginning with the year
1867, when he was in full preparation for the last of his many changes
of home, namely, that to Norfolk Island, isolating him finally from
those who had become almost as near kindred to him, and devoting him
even more exclusively to his one great work. No doubt the separation
from ordinary society was a relief, and the freedom from calls to
irregular clerical duty at Auckland was an immense gain; but the lack
of the close intercourse with the inner circle of his friends was often
felt, and was enhanced by the lack of postal communication with Norfolk
Island, so that, instead of security of home tidings by every mail,
letters and parcels could only be transmitted by chance vessels touching
at that inaccessible island, where there was no harbour for even the
'Southern Cross' to lie.

But the welfare of the Mission, and the possible benefit to the
Pitcairners, outweighed everything. It is with some difficulty that the
subject of this latter people is approached. They have long been the
romance of all interested in Missionary effort, and precious has been
the belief that so innocent and pious a community existed on the face
of the earth. And it is quite true that when they are viewed as the
offspring of English mutineers and heathen Tahitians, trained by a
repentant old sailor, they are wonderful in many respects; and
their attractive manners and manifest piety are sure to strike their
occasional visitors, who have seldom stayed long enough to penetrate
below the surface.

But it has been their great disadvantage never to have had a much higher
standard of religion, morals, civilisation, or industry set before them,
than they had been able to evolve for themselves; and it is a law of
nature that what is not progressive must be retrograde. The gentle
Tahitian nature has entirely mastered the English turbulence, so that
there is genuine absence of violence, there is no dishonesty; and
drunkenness was then impossible; there is also a general habit of
religious observance, but not including self-restraint as a duty, while
the reaction of all the enthusiastic admiration expressed for this
interesting people has gendered a self-complacency that makes them the
harder to deal with. Parental authority seems to be entirely wanting
among them, the young people grow up unrestrained; and the standard of
morality and purity seems to be pretty much what it is in a neglected
English parish, but, as before said, without the drunkenness and
lawlessness, and with a universal custom of church-going, and a great
desire not to expose their fault to the eyes of strangers. The fertile
soil, to people of so few wants, and with no trade, prevents the
necessity of exertion, and the dolce far niente prevails universally.
The Government buildings have fallen into entire ruin, and the breed
of cattle has been allowed to become worthless for want of care. The
dwellings are uncleanly, and the people so undisciplined that only their
native gentleness would make their present self-government possible; and
it is a great problem how to deal with them.

The English party who were to take up their abode on Norfolk Island
consisted of the Bishop, the Rev. Mr. Palmer, who was there already,
Mr. Atkin, and Mr. Brooke. The Rev. R. Codrington was on his way from
England with Mr. Bice, a young student from St. Augustine's, Canterbury;
but Mr. and Mrs. Pritt had received an appointment at the Waikato,
and left the Mission. The next letter to myself tells something of the
plans:--


'January 29, 1867.

'My dear Cousin,--I enclose a note to Miss Mackenzie, thanking her for
her book about Mrs. Robertson. It does one good to read about such a
couple. I almost feel as if I should like to write a line to the good
man. There was the real genuine love for the people, the secret of
course of all missionary success, the consideration for them, the power
of sympathy, of seeing with the eyes of others, and putting oneself
into their position. Many a time have I thought: "Yes, that's all right,
that's the true spirit, that's the real thing."

'Oh that men could be trained to act in that way. It seems as if mere
common sense would enable societies and men to see that it must be so.
And yet how sadly we mismanage men, and misuse opportunities.

'Men should be made to understand that they cannot receive training for
this special Mission work except on the spot; at the institution the
aim should be to give them a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin, the
elements of Divinity, leaving out all talk about experiences, and all
that can minister to spiritual pride, and delude men into the idea that
the desire (as they suppose) to be missionaries implies that they are
one whit better than the baker and shoemaker next door.

'The German system is very different. The Moravians don't handle their
young candidates after this fashion.

'Now Mr. Robertson and his good wife refresh one by the reality and
simplicity of their life, the simple-mindedness, the absence of all cant
and formalism. I mean the formal observance of a certain set of views
about the Sabbath, about going to parties, about reading books, &c., the
formal utterance of an accepted phraseology.

'Would that there were hundreds such! Would that his and her example
might stir the hearts of many young people, women as well as men! Well,
I like all that helps me to know him and her in the book, and am much
obliged to Miss Mackenzie for it.

'We have had a trying month, unusually damp close weather, and influenza
has been prevalent. Many boys had it, one little fellow died. He was
very delirious at last, and as he lay day and night on my bed we had
often to hold him. But one night he was calm and sensible, and with
Henry Tagalana's help I obtained from him such a simple answer or two to
our questions that I felt justified in baptizing him. He was about ten
years old, I suppose one of our youngest.

'Last Saturday, at 12.45 A.M., he passed away into what light, and
peace, and knowledge, and calm rest in his Saviour's bosom! we humbly
trust. God be praised for all His mercies! It was touching, indeed, to
hear Henry speaking to his little friend. He spoke so as to make me feel
very hopeful about his work as a teacher being blessed, his whole heart
on his lips and in his voice and manner and expression of face.

'But, my dear Cousin, often I think that I need more than ever your
prayers that I may have the blessing for which we pray in our
Collect for the First Sunday after Epiphany: grace to use the present
opportunities aright. My time may be short; we are very few in number:
now the young English and Melanesian teachers ought to be completely
trained, that so, by God's blessing, the work may not come to nought.
Codrington's coming ought to be a great gain in this way. A right-minded
man of age and experience may well be regarded as invaluable indeed.
I so often feel that I am distracted by multitudinous occupations, and
can't think and act out my method of dealing with the elder ones, so
as to use them aright. So many things distract--social, domestic,
industrial matters and general superintendence, and my time is of course
always given to anyone who wants it.

'The change to Norfolk Island, too, brings many anxious thoughts and
cares, and the state of the people there will be an additional cause of
anxiety. I think that we shall move en masse in April or May, making two
or three trips in the schooner. Palmer has sixteen now with him there. I
shall perhaps leave ten more for the winter school and then go on to
the islands, and return (D.V.) in October, not to New Zealand, but to
Norfolk Island; though, as it is the year of the meeting of the General
Synod, i.e., February 1868, I shall have to be in New Zealand during
that summer. You shall have full information of all my and our
movements, as soon as I know myself precisely the plan.

'And now good-bye, my dear Cousin; and may God ever bless and keep you.
I think much of you, and of how you must miss dear Mr. Keble.

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. P.'


'Sunday, February 10, 1867.

'My dear old Fan,--No time to write at length. We are pretty well, but
coughs and colds abound, and I am a little anxious about one nice lad,
Lelenga, but he is not very seriously ill.

'I have of course occasional difficulties, as who has not?
Irregularities, not (D. Gr.) of very serious nature, yet calling for
reproof; a certain proportion of the boys, and a large proportion of the
girls careless, and of course, like boys and girls such as you know of
in Devonshire, not free from mischief.

'Indeed, it is a matter for great thankfulness that, as far as we know,
no immorality has taken place with fifteen young girls in the school.
We take of course all precautions, rooms are carefully locked at
night. Still really evil-minded young persons could doubtless get
into mischief, if they were determined to do so. Only to-day I spoke
severely, not on this point, but on account of some proof of want of
real modesty and purity of feeling. But how can I be surprised at that?

'All schoolmaster's work is anxious work. It is even more so than the
ordinary clergyman's work, because you are parent and schoolmaster at
once.

'You may suppose that as time approaches for Codrington and Bice to
arrive, and for our move to Norfolk Island, I am somewhat anxious, and
have very much to do. Indeed, the Norfolk Island people do sadly want
help.

'Your affectionate Brother.

'J. C. P.

'P. S.--You may tell your boys at night school, if you think it well,
that no Melanesian I ever had here would be so ungentlemanly as to throw
stones or make a row when a lady was present.'


'St. Matthias Day, 1867.

'My dearest Joan and Fan,--The beginning of the seventh year of my
Bishop's life! How quickly the time has gone, and a good deal seems to
have taken place, and yet (though some experience has been gained) but
little sense have I of real improvement in my own self, of "pressing
onwards," and daily struggles against faults. But for some persons it is
dangerous to talk of such things, and I am such a person. It would tend
to make me unreal, and my words would be unreal, and soon my thoughts
and life would become unreal too. I am conscious of very, very much that
is very wrong, and would astonish many of even those who know me best,
but I must use this consciousness, and not talk about it any more.

'I am in harness again for English work. How can I refuse? I am writing
now between two English services.

'Indeed, no adequate provision is made here for married clergymen with
families; £300 a year is starvation at present prices. Men can't live
on it; and who can work vigorously with the thought ever present to him,
"When I die, what of my wife and family?" What is to be done?

'I solve the difficulty in Melanesian work by saying, "Use Melanesians."
I tell people plainly, "I don't want white men."

'I sum it all up thus: They cost about ten times as much as the
Melanesian (literally), and but a very small proportion do the work as
well.

'I was amused at some things in your December letters. How things do
unintentionally get exaggerated! I went up into the tree-house by a very
good ladder of bamboos and supple-jacks, quite as easily as one goes
up the rigging of a ship, and my ten days at Bauro were spent among
a people whose language I know, and where my life was as safe and
everybody was as disposed to be friendly as if I had been in your house
at Weston. But, of course, it is all "missionary hardships and trials."
I don't mean that you talk in this way.

'Our first instalment of scholars with Messrs. Atkin and Brooke will go
off (D.V.) about March 21. Then my house is taken down; the boys who
now live in it having been sent off: and on the schooner's return about
April 15, another set of things, books, houses, &c. Probably a third
trip will be necessary, and then about May 5 or 6 I hope to go. It will
be somewhat trying at the end. But I bargain for all this, which of
course constitutes my hardest and most trying business. The special
Mission work, as most people would regard it, is as nothing in
comparison. Good-bye, and God bless you.

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. P.'


On March 5 Mr. Codrington safely arrived, bringing with him Mr. Bice.
The boon to the Bishop was immense, both in relief from care and in the
companionship, for which he had henceforth to depend entirely on his own
staff. The machinery of the routine had been so well set in order by Mr.
Pritt that it could be continued without him; and though there was no
English woman to superintend the girls, it was hoped that Sarah Sarawia
had been prepared by Mrs. Pritt to be an efficient matron.


'Kohimarama: March 23, 1867.

'My dear Cousin,--Our last New Zealand season, for it may be our last,
draws near its close. On Monday, only two days hence, the "Southern
Cross" sails (weather permitting) with our first instalment. Mr. Palmer
has got his house up, and they must stow themselves away in it, three
whites and forty-five blacks, the best way they can. The vessel takes
besides 14,000 feet of timber, 6,000 shingles for roofing, and boxes of
books, &c., &c., without end.

'I hope she may be here again to take me and the remaining goods, live
and inanimate, in about eighteen or twenty days. I can't tell whether I
am more likely to spend my Easter in New Zealand or Norfolk Island.

'I see that in many ways the place is good for us. The first expense
is heavy. I have spent about £1,000 already, sinking some of my private
money in the fencing, building, &c., but very soon the cost of all
the commissariat, exclusive of the stores for the voyage, and a little
English food for the whites, will be provided. Palmer has abundance of
sweet potatoes which have been planted in ground prepared by our lads
since last October. The yam crop is coming on well: fish are always
abundant.

'I think that in twelve months' time we ought to provide ourselves with
almost everything in the island. The ship and the clergymen's stipends
and certain extras will always need subscriptions, but we ought at once
to feed ourselves, and soon to export wool, potatoes, corn (maize I
mean), &c.

'I never forget about the idea of a chapel. At present the Norfolk
Island Chapel will be only a wing of my house: which will consist of
two rooms for myself, a spare room for a sick lad or two, and a large
dormitory which, if need be, can be turned into a hospital, and the
other end a wing in the chapel, 42 x 18 feet, quite large enough for
eighty or more people. The entrance from without, and again a private
door from my sitting room. All is very simple in the plan. It seem
almost selfish having it thus as a part of my dwelling house; but it
will be such a comfort, so convenient for Confirmation and Baptism and
Holy Communion classes, and so nice for me. Some ladies in Melbourne
give a velvet altar cloth, Lady S. in Sydney gives all the white linen:
our Communion plate, you know, is very handsome. Some day Joan must send
me a solid block of Devonshire serpentine for my Font, such a one as
there is at Alfington, or Butterfield might now devise even a better.

'But I think, though I have not thought enough yet, that in the diocese
of Norfolk Island, and in the islands, the running stream of living
water and the Catechumens "going down" into it is the right mode of
administering the holy sacrament. The Lectern and the small Prayer-desk
are of sandal-wood from Erromango.

'It will be far more like a Church than anything the Pitcairners have
ever seen. Perhaps next Christmas--but much may take place before
then--I may ordain Palmer Priest, Atkin and Brooke Deacons, and there
may be a goodly attendance of Melanesian communicants and candidates for
baptism. If so, what a day of hope to look forward to! And then I think
I see the day of dear George Sarawia's Ordination drawing nigh, if God
grant him health and perseverance. He is, indeed, and so are others,
younger than he, all that I could desire.

'So, my dear Cousin, see what blessings I have, how small our trials
are. They may yet come, but it is now just twelve years, exactly twelve
years on Monday, since I saw my Father's and Sisters' faces, and how
little have those years been marked with sorrows. My lot is cast in a
good land indeed. I read and hear of others, such as that noble Central
African band, and I wonder how men can go through it all. It comes to
me as from a distance, not as to one who has experienced such things. We
know nothing of war, or famine, or deadly fever; and we seem now to have
a settled plan of work, one of the greatest comforts of all; but while
I write thus brightly I don't forget that a little thing (humanly
speaking) may cause great reverses, delays, and failures.

'I am very glad you understand my unwillingness to write, and still more
to print over much about our proceedings. I do speak pretty freely in
New Zealand and Australia, from whence I profess and mean to draw our
supplies.

'Accurate information is all very well, but to convey an idea of our
life and work is quite beyond my powers. Still, everything that helps
the ordinary men and women of England to look out into the world a bit,
and see that the Gospel is a power of God, is good.

'And now, good-bye, my dear Cousin. May God bless and keep you.

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


On Lady Day the Bishop wrote to his sisters:--

'This day, twelve years ago, I saw your faces for the last time; and so
I told Mary Atkin, my good young friend's only sister, as we stood on
the beach just now, watching the 'Southern Cross' carrying away her only
brother and some forty other people to Norfolk Island.

The first detachment is therefore gone; I hope that we, the rest, will
follow in about sixteen or eighteen days. I think back over these twelve
years. On the whole, how smoothly and easily they have passed with
me! Less of sorrow and anxiety than was crowded into one short year of
Bishop Mackenzie's life. I have been reading Mr. Rowley's book on the
University Mission to Central Africa, and am glad to have read it.
They were indeed fine gallant fellows, full of faith and courage and
endurance.

'As I write, some dozen boys are on the roof, knocking away the
shingles, i.e., the wooden tiles of roofing, a carpenter is taking down
all that needs some more skilled handiwork. In a week the house will all
be tied up in bundles of boarding, battens, about 14,000 or 15,000 feet
of timber in all. Yesterday I was with the Primate; I went up indeed
on Monday afternoon, as the "Southern Cross" sailed with thirty-one
Melanesians at 11 A.M., and I could get away. It was rather a sad day. I
was resigning trusts, and it made the departure from New Zealand appear
very real.

'April 1st.--My fortieth birthday. It brings solemn thoughts. Last night
I had to take the service at St. Paul's, and as I came back I thought
of many things, and principally of how very different I ought to be from
what I am.

'All are well here at Kohimarama. My house knocked down and arrangements
going on, the place leased to Mr. Atkin, Joe Atkin's father, my trusts
resigned, accounts almost made up, many letters written, business
matters arranged.'


In a few days more the last remnant of St. Andrew's was broken up; and
the first letter to the Bishop of New Zealand was written from Norfolk
Island before the close of the month:--


'St. Barnabas' Mission School: April 29, 1867.

My dear Primate,--We had a fair wind all the way, and having shortened
sail during all Friday so as not to reach Norfolk Island in the
night, made the lead at 5 A.M. on Saturday morning. But a sad casualty
occurred; we lost a poor fellow overboard, one of the seamen. He ought
not to have been lost, and I blame myself. He was under the davits of
the boat doing something, and the rope by which he was holding parted;
the life-buoy almost knocked him as he passed the quarter of the vessel,
and I, instead of jumping overboard, and shouting to the Melanesians to
do the same, rushed to the falls. The boat was on the spot where his cap
was floating within two and a half minutes of the time he fell into the
sea, but he was gone.

'Fisher in the hurry tore his nail by letting the falls run through his
hand too fast. I was binding it up, the boat making for the poor fellow
faster than any swimmer could have done. How it was that he did not lay
hold of the buoy, or sank so soon, I can't say; the great mistake was
not jumping overboard at once. This is a gloomy beginning, and made us
all feel very sad. He was not married and was a well-behaved man.

'It was blowing fresh on Saturday, but we anchored under Nepean Island,
and by hard work cleared the vessel by 5 P.M.; all worked hard, and all
the things were landed safely. Palmer, with the cart and boys, was on
the pier, and the things were carted and carried into the store as they
arrived. I came on shore about 5, found all well and hearty, the
people very friendly, nothing in their manner to indicate any change of
feeling.

'I walked up to our place. It is, indeed, a beautiful spot. Palmer has
worked with a will. I was surprised to see what was done. Some three and
a half acres of fine kumaras, maize, yams, growing well; a yam of ten
pounds weight, smooth and altogether Melanesian, just taken up, not
quite ripe, so the boys say they will grow much bigger. Abundant supply
of water, though the summer has been dry.

'Much of the timber has been carted up, more has been stacked at the top
of the hill. This was carried by the boys, and will be carted along the
pine avenue; a good deal is still near the pines, but properly stacked.
I see nothing anywhere thrown about, even here not a chip to be seen,
all buried or burnt, and the place quite neat though unfinished.

'1. House, on the plan of my old house just taken down by Gray, but much
larger.

'2. Kitchen of good size.

'3. Two raupo outhouses.

'4. Cow-shed.

'I find it quite assumed here that the question is settled about our
property here; but I have not thought it desirable to talk expressly
about it. They talk about school, doctor, and other public arrangements
as usual.

'It seems that it was on St. Barnabas Day that, after Holy Communion,
we walked up here last year and chose the site of the house. The people
have of their own accord taken to call the place St. Barnabas; and as
this suits the Eton feeling also, and you and others never liked St.
Andrew's, don't you think we may adopt the new name? Miss Yonge won't
mind, I am sure.

'I could not resist telling the people that you and Mrs. Selwyn might
come for a short time in September next to see them, and they are really
delighted; and so shall we be, I can tell you indeed....

'Your affectionate

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The time for the island voyage was fully come; and, after a very brief
stay in the new abode, the Bishop sailed again for Mota, where the old
house was found (May 8) in a very dilapidated condition; and vigorous
mending with branches was needed before a corner could be patched up
for him to sleep on his table during a pouring wet night, having first
supped on a cup of tea and a hot yam, the latter brought from the
club-house by one of his faithful adherents; after which an hour and
a half's reading of Lightfoot on the Epistle to the Galatians made him
forget every discomfort.

There had, however, been a renewal of fighting of late; and at a village
called Tasmate, a man named Natungoe had ten days previously been shot
in the breast with a poisoned arrow, and was beginning to show those
first deadly symptoms of tetanus. He had been a well-conducted fellow,
though he had hitherto shown indifference to the new teaching; and it
had not been in a private quarrel that he was wounded, but in a sudden
attack on his village by some enemies, when a feast was going on.

On that first evening when the Bishop went to see him it was plain that
far more of the recent instruction had taken root in him than had been
supposed. 'He showed himself thoroughly ready to listen, and manifested
a good deal of simple faith. He said he had no resentment against the
person who had shot him, and that he did wish to know and think about
the world to come. He accepted at once the story of God's love, shown in
sending Jesus to die for us, and he seemed to have some apprehension of
what God must be, and of what we are--how unlike Him, how unable to make
ourselves fit to be with Him. He certainly spoke of Jesus as of a living
Person close by him, willing and able to help him. He of his own accord
made a little prayer to Him, "Help me, wake me, make my heart light,
take away the darkness. I wish for you, I want to go to you, I don't
want to think about this world."'

Early the next morning the Bishop went again, taking George Sarawia with
him. The man said, 'I have been thinking of what you said. I have been
calling on the Saviour (i Vaesu) all night.' The Bishop spoke long
to him, and left Sarawia with him, speaking and praying quietly and
earnestly.

Meanwhile continues the diary:--

'I went to the men in the village, and spoke at length to them: "Yes,
God will not cast out those who turn to Him when they are called, but
you must not suppose that it is told us anywhere that He will save those
who care nothing about Him through their years of health, and only
think about Him and the world to come when this world is already passing
away."

'How utterly unable one feels to say or do the right thing, and the
words fall so flat and dull upon careless ears!'

Every day for ten days the poor sufferer Natungoe was visited, and he
listened with evident faith and comprehension. On May 15 the entry is:--

'I was so satisfied with his expressions of faith in the Saviour, of
his hope of living with Him; he spoke so clearly of his belief in Jesus
having been sent from the Great Creator and Father of all to lead us
back to Him, and to cleanse us from sin, which had kept us from our
Father, by His Death for us; he was so evidently convinced of the truth
of our Lord's Resurrection and of the resurrection of us all at the last
day--that I felt that I ought to baptize him. I had already spoken to
him of Baptism, and he seemed to understand that, first, he must believe
that the water is the sign of an inward cleansing, and that it has
no magical efficacy, but that all depended on his having faith in the
promise and power of God; and second, that Jesus had commanded those who
wished to believe and love Him to be baptized.

'The expression Nan ive Maroo i Vaesu, "I wish for the Saviour,"
had been frequently used by him; and I baptized him by the name of
Maroovaesu, a name instantly substituted for his old name Natungoe by
those present.

'I have seen him again to-day; he cannot recover, and at times the
tetanus spasms are severe, but it is nothing like dear Fisher's case. He
can still eat and speak; women sit around holding him, and a few people
sit or lie about in the hut. It looks all misery and degradation of the
lowest kind, but there is a blessed change, as I trust, for him.'

On Sunday the 19th the last agony had come. He lay on a mat on the
ground, in the middle of the village, terribly racked by convulsions,
but still able in the intervals to speak intelligibly, and to express
his full hope that he was going to his Saviour, and that his pain would
soon be over, and he would be at rest with Him, listening earnestly to
the Bishop's prayers. He died that night.

In the meantime, the Bishop had not neglected the attacking party. Of
them, one had been killed outright, and two more were recovering from
their wounds, and it was necessary to act as pacificator.

'Meanwhile, I think how very little religion has to do directly
with keeping things quiet; in England (for example) men would avenge
themselves, and steal and kill, were it not for the law, which is,
indeed, an indirect result of religion; but religion simply does not
produce the effect, i.e. men are not generally religious in England or
Mota. I have Maine's Book of "Ancient Law" among the half-dozen books I
have brought on shore, and it is extremely interesting to read here.'

How he read, wrote, or did anything is the marvel, with the hut
constantly crowded by men who had nothing to do but gather round, in
suffocating numbers, to stare at his pen travelling over the paper.
'They have done so a hundred times before,' he writes, actually under
the oppression, 'but anything to pass an hour lazily. It is useless to
talk about it, and one must humour them, or they will think I am vexed
with them.'

The scholars, neatly clothed, with orderly and industrious habits, were
no small contrast: 'But I miss as yet the link between them and the
resident heathen people. I trust and pray that George and others may,
ere long, supply it.

'But it is very difficult to know how to help them to change their mode
of life. Very much, even if they did accept Christianity, must go on
as before. Their daily occupations include work in the small gardens,
cooking, &c., and this need not be changed.

'Then as to clothing. I must be very careful lest they should think
that wearing clothes is Christianity. Yet certain domestic changes
are necessary, for a Christian life seems to need certain material
arrangements for decency and propriety. There ought to be partition
screens in the hut, for example, and some clothing is desirable no
doubt. A resident missionary now could do a good deal towards showing
the people why certain customs, &c., are incompatible with a Christian
life. His daily teaching would show how Christ acted and taught, and
how inconsistent such and such practices must be with the profession of
faith in Him. But regulations imposed from without I rather dread, they
produce so often an unreasoning obedience for a little while only.

The rules for the new life should be very few and very simple, and
carefully explained. "Love to God and man," explained and illustrated as
the consequence of some elementary knowledge of God's love to us, shown
of course prominently in the giving His own Son to us. There is no lack
of power to understand simple teaching, a fair proportion of adults take
it in very fairly. I was rather surprised on Friday evening (some sixty
or seventy being present) to find that a few men answered really rather
well questions which brought out the meaning of some of our Saviour's
names.

'"The Saviour?"

'"The saving His people."

'"Not all men? And why not all men? And from what poverty, sickness,
&c., here below?"

'"From their sins."

'"What is sin?"

'"All that God has forbidden."

'"What has He forbidden? Why? Because He grudges us anything? Why do you
forbid a child to taste vangarpal ('poison'), &c. &c.?"

'"The Way," "the Mediator," "the Redeemer," "the Resurrection," "the
Atoner," "the Word." Some eight days' teaching had preceded this; but I
dare say there are ten or fifteen people here now, not our scholars,
who can really answer on these points so as to make it clear that they
understand something about the teaching involved in these names. Of
course, I had carefully worked out the best way to accept these names
and ideas in Mota; and the illustrations, &c., from their customs made
me think that to some extent they understood this teaching.

'Of course the personal feeling is as pleasant as can be, and I think
there is something more: a real belief that our religion and our habits
are good, and that some day they will be accepted here. A considerable
number of people are leading very respectable lives on the whole. But
I see that we must try to spend more time here. George Sarawia is being
accepted to some extent as one whom they are to regard as a teacher.
He has a fair amount of influence. But in this little spot, among about
1,500 people, local jealousies and old animosities are so rife, that the
stranger unconnected with any one of them has so far a better chance of
being accepted by all; but then comes, on the other hand, his perfect
knowledge and our comparative ignorance of the language and customs of
the people. We want to combine both for a while, till the native teacher
and clergyman is fully established in his true position.

'It is a curious thing that the Solomon Islanders from the south-east
part of that group should have dropped so much behind the Banks
Islanders. I knew their language before I knew the language of Mota,
they were (so to say) my favourites. But we can't as yet make any
impression upon them. The Loyalty Islanders have been suffered to
drop out; and so it is that all our leading scholars, all who set good
examples, and are made responsible for various duties, are (with the
sole exception of Soro, from Mai Island, New Hebrides) from the
Banks group. Consequently, their language is the lingua franca of the
school--not that we made it so, or wished it rather than any other to be
so; indeed Bauro is easier, and so are some others: but so it is. It is
an excellent thing, for any Melanesian soon acquires another Melanesian
language, however different the vocabulary may be. Their ideas and
thoughts and many of their customs are similar, the mode of life is
similar, and their mode of expressing themselves similar. They think in
the same way, and therefore speak in the same way. Their mode of life
is natural; ours is highly artificial. We are the creatures of a
troublesome civilisation to an extent that one realises here. When I go
ashore for five weeks, though I could carry all my luggage, yet it
must comprise a coffee-pot, sugar, biscuits, a cork bed, some tins of
preserved meat, candles, books, and my hut has a table and a stool,
and I have a cup, saucer, plate, knife, fork, and spoon. My good friend
George, who I think is on the whole better dressed than I am, and
who has adopted several of our signs of civilisation, finds the food,
cooking, and many of the ways of the island natural and congenial, and
would find them so throughout the Pacific.

'May 2lst.--The morning and evening school here is very nice. I doubt if
I am simple enough in my teaching. I think I teach too much at a time;
there is so much to be taught, and I am so impatient, I don't go slowly
enough, though I do travel over the same ground very often. Some few
certainly do take in a good deal.

'A very hot day, after much rain. This morning we took down our old
wooden hut, that was put up here by us six years ago. Parts of it are
useless, for in our absence the rain damaged it a good deal. I mean to
take it across to Arau, Henry Tagalana's little island, for there, even
in very wet weather, there is little fear of ague, the soil being light
and sandy. It would be a great thing to escape from the rich soil and
luxuriant vegetation in the wet months, if any one of us spent a long
time here. It was hot work, but soon over. It only took about two and
a half hours to take down, and stack all the planks, rafters, &c. Two
fellows worked well, and some others looked on and helped now and then.

'I have had some pleasant occupation for an hour or so each day in
clearing away the bush, which in one year grows up surprisingly here.
Many lemon, citron, and orange trees that we planted some years ago.
cocoa-nut trees also, were almost, some quite overgrown, quite hidden,
and our place looked and was quite small and close; but one or two hours
for a few days, spent in clearing, have made a great difference. I have
planted out about twenty-five lemon suckers, and as many pine-apples,
for our old ones were growing everywhere in thick clumps, and I have to
thin them out.

'Yesterday was a great day; we cut down two large trees, round one of
which I had carelessly planted orange, lemon, and cocoa-nut trees, so
that we did not know how to fell it so as to avoid crushing some fine
young trees; but the tree took the matter into its own hands, for it was
hollow in the centre, and fell suddenly, so that the fellows holding the
rope could not guide it, and it fell at right angles to the direction we
had chosen, but right between all the trees, without seriously hurting
one. It quite reminds me of old tree-cutting days at Feniton; only here
I see no oaks, nor elms, nor beeches, nor firs, only bread-fruit trees
and almond trees, and many fruit-bearing trees--oranges, &c., and guavas
and custard-apples--growing up (all being introduced by us), and the two
gigantic banyan trees, north and south of my little place. It is so very
pretty!

'I don't trouble myself much about cooking. My little canteen is
capital; and I can make myself all sorts of good things, if I choose to
take the trouble, and some days I do so. I bake a little bread now and
then, and natter myself it is uncommonly good; and one four-pound tin of
Bloxland's preserved meat from Queensland has already lasted me twelve
days, and there is about half of it remaining. He reckons each pound
well soaked and cooked to be equal to three pounds, and I think he is
right. A very little of this, with a bit of yam deliciously cooked,
and brought to me each day as a present by some one from their cooking
ovens, makes a capital dinner. Then I have some rice and sugar for
breakfast, a biscuit and coffee, and a bit of bread-fruit perhaps; and
all the little delicacies are here--salt, pepper, mustard, even to a
bottle of pickles--so I am pretty well off, I think.

'I find that the white ant, or an insect like it, is here. The plates
of our old hut are quite rotten, the outside still untouched, all within
like tinder. They call the insect vanoa; it is not found in New Zealand,
but it is a sad nuisance in Australia.

'I do not read much here this time, so much of every day is taken up
with talking to the people about me. That is all right, and I generally
can turn the talk to something that I wish them to hear, so it is all
in the way of business here. And I am glad to say that my school, and
conversations and lessons, need some careful preparation. I have spent
some time in drawing up for myself a little scheme of teaching for
people in the state of my friends here. I ought of course to have done
it long ago, and it is a poor thing now. I cannot take a real pleasure
in teaching, and so I do it badly. I am always, almost always, glad when
school is over, though sometimes I get much interested myself, though
not often able to interest others.

'I am reading some Hebrew nearly every day, and Lightfoot on the
Galatians, Tyler's "Researches into the Early History of Mankind,"
Dollinger's "First Ages of the Church," and "Ecce Homo." I tried Maine's
"Ancient Law," but it is too tough for the tropics, unless I chance
to feel very fresh. I generally get an hour in the evening, if I am
sleeping at home.

'May 23rd.--I suppose anyone who has lived in a dirty Irish
village--pigs, fowls, and children equally noisy and filthy, and the
parents wild, ignorant, and impulsive--may have some notion of this kind
of thing. You never get a true account, much less a true illustration of
the real thing. Did you happen to see a ridiculous engraving on one of
the S. P. Gr. sheets some years ago, supposed to be me taking two Ambrym
boys to the boat? (Footnote: No such engraving can be found by the S. P.
Gr. It was probably put forth in some other publication.) Now it is much
better not to draw at all than to draw something which can only mislead
people. If Ambrym boys really looked like those two little fellows, and
if the boat with bland-looking white men could quietly be pulled to the
beach, and if I, in a respectable dress, could go to and from the boat
and the shore, why the third stage of Mission work has been reached
already! I don't suppose you can picture to yourselves the real state
of things in this, and in many of these islands, and therefore the great
difficulty there is in getting them out of their present social, or
unsocial, state!

'To follow Christian teaching out in detail, to carry it out from the
school into the hut, into the actual daily life of the dirty naked
women, and still dirtier though not more naked children; to get the men
really to abandon old ways from a sense of responsibility and duty and
love to God, this of course comes very slowly. I am writing very lazily,
being indeed tired with heat and mosquitos. The sun is very hot again
to-day. I have no thermometer here, but it feels as if it ought to be
90° in the shade.

'May 25th.--George Sarawia spent yesterday here, and has just gone to
his village. He and I had a good deal of conversation. I copied out for
him the plan of teaching drawn up from books already printed in their
language. He speaks encouragingly, and is certainly recognised as one
who is intended to be the teacher here. No one is surprised that he
should be treated by me in a very different way from anyone else, with
a complete confidence and a mutual understanding of each other. He is a
thoroughly good, simple-minded fellow, and I hope, by God's blessing, he
may do much good. He told me that B---- wants to come with me again; but
I cannot take him. As we have been living properly, and for the sake
of the head school and our character in the eyes of the people here, I
cannot take him until he shows proof of a real desire to do his duty. I
am very sorry for it. I have all the old feeling about him; and he is
so quick and intelligent, but he allows himself again and again to be
overcome by temptation, hard I dare say to withstand; but this conduct
does disqualify him for being chosen to go with us. I am leaving behind
some good but dull boys, for I can't make room as yet for them, and I
must not take an ill-conducted fellow because he is quick and clever. He
has some sort of influence in the place from his quickness, and from his
having acquired a good deal of riches while with us. He says nothing,
according to Sarawia, for or against our teaching. Meanwhile, he lives
much like a somewhat civilised native. Poor fellow! I sent a message to
him by George that if he wished to see me, I should be very willing to
have a talk with him.

'Yesterday we made some sago. A tree is cut down in its proper stage of
growth, just when it begins to flower. The pith is pulled and torn into
shreds and fibres, then the juice is squeezed out so as to allow it to
run or drip into some vessel, while water is poured on the pith by some
one assisting the performer. The grounds (as say of coffee) remain at
the bottom when the water is poured off, and an hour of such a sun as
we had yesterday dries and hardens the sago. It is then fit for use. I
suppose that it took an hour and a half to prepare about a slop-basin
full of the dried hard sago. I have not used it vet. We brought tapioca
here some years ago, and they used it in the same way, and they had
abundance of arrow-root. On Monday I will make some, if all is well. Any
fellow is willing to help for a few beads or fish-hooks, and they do all
the heavy work, the fetching water, &c.

'I never saw anything like the pigeons in the great banyan tree close
by. They eat its berries, and I really think there are at times more
than a hundred at once in it. Had I a gun here I think I might have
brought down three or four at a shot yesterday, sitting shot of course,
but then I should shoot "for the pot." Palmer had his gun here last
year, and shot as many as he wanted at any time. The bats at night are
innumerable; they too eat the banyan berries, but chiefly the ripening
bread-fruit. The cats we brought here have nearly cleared the place of
the small rats which used to abound here; but lizards abound in this
hut, because it is not continually smoke-dried.

'Last night I think some of the people here heard some rather new
notions, to them, about the true relation of man and woman, parent and
child, &c. They said, as they do often say, "Every word is true! how
foolish we are!" But how to get any of them to start on a new course is
the question.

'Ascension Day, May 30th.--There is a good deal of discussion going on
now among the people. I hear of it not only from our old scholars, but
from some of the men. I have been speaking day by day more earnestly to
the people; always reading here and there verses of the Gospels or the
Acts, or paraphrasing some passage so that they may have the actual
words in which the message is recorded. They say, "This is a heavy,
a weighty word," and they are talking, as they say, night after night
about it. Some few, and they elderly men, say, "Let us talk only about
our customs here." Others say, "No, no; let us try to think out the
meaning of what he said." A few come and ask me questions, only a few,
not many are in earnest, and all are shy. Many every night meet in
Robert Pantatun's house, twenty-five or thirty, and ask him all manner
of questions, and he reads a little. They end with prayer.

'They have many strange customs and superstitious observances peculiar
to this group. They have curious clubs, confraternities with secret
rites of initiation. The candidate for admission pays pigs and native
money, and after many days' seclusion in a secret place is, with great
ceremony, recognised as a member. No woman and none of the uninitiated
may know anything of these things.

'In every village there is a Sala Goro, a place for cooking, which only
those who have "gazed at the sacred symbol" may frequent. Food cooked
there may not be eaten by one uninitiated, or by women or children.
The path to the Sala Goro is never trodden by any woman or matanomorous
("eye closed"). When any ceremony is going on the whole of the precincts
of the Sala Goro are sacred. At no time dare any woman eat with any man,
no husband with his wife, no father with his daughter as soon as she is
no longer a child.

'Of course such a system can be used by us in two ways. I say, "You have
your method of assembling together, and you observe certain customs in
so doing; so do we, but yours is an exclusive and selfish system: your
secret societies are like our clubs, with their entrance fees, &c. But
Christ's society has its sacred rite of admission, and other mysteries
too, and it is for all who wish to belong to it. He recognises no
distinction of male or female, bond or free."

'Some of the elder men are becoming suspicious of me. I tell them
plainly that whatever there may be in their customs incompatible with
the great law of Love to God and man must come to nought. "You beat and
terrify matanomorous in order to make them give, that you may get pigs
and native money from them. Such conduct is all wrong, for if you beat
or frighten a youth or man, you certainly can't love him."

'At the same time I can't tell how far this goes. If there were a real
ceremony of an idol or prayer to it, of course it would be comparatively
easy to act in the matter; but the ceremony consists in sticking a
curious sort of mitre, pointed and worked with hair, on the head of the
candidate, and covering his body with a sort of Jack-in-the green wicker
work of leaves, &c., and they joke and laugh about it, and attach,
apparently, no religious significance to it whatever.

'I think it has the evil which attends all secret societies, that it
tends to produce invidious distinctions and castes. An instinct impels
men to form themselves into associations; but then Christ has satisfied
that instinct legitimately in the Church.

'Christianity does meet a human instinct; as, e.g., the Lord's Supper,
whatever higher and deeper feelings it may have, has this simple, but
most significant meaning to the primitive convert, of feasting as a
child with his brethren and sisters at the Father's Board.

'The significance of this to people living as more than half the human
beings in the world are living still, is such as we have lost the power
of conceiving; the Lord's Supper has so long had, so to say, other
meanings for many of us. Yet to be admitted a member of God's family,
and then solemnly at stated times to use this privilege of membership,
strengthening the tie, and familiarising oneself more and more with the
customs of that heavenly family, this surely is a very great deal of
what human instinct, as exhibited in almost universal customs, requires.

'There are depths for those who can dive into them; but I really think
that in some of these theological questions we view the matter solely
from our state of civilisation and thought, and forget the multitudes of
uneducated, rude, unrefined people to whom all below the simple meaning
is unmeaning. May I not say to Robert Pantatun, "Christ, you know, gave
His Body and Blood for us on the Cross, He gives them to you now, for
all purposes of saving you and strengthening your spiritual life, while
you eat and drink as an adopted child at your Father's Table"?

'It is the keeping alive the consciousness of the relation of all
children to God through Christ that is needed so much. And with these
actual sights before me, and you have them among you in the hundreds of
thousands of poor ignorant creatures, I almost wonder that men should
spend so much time in refining upon points which never can have a
practical meaning for any persons not trained to habits of accurate
thought and unusual devotion. But here I am very likely wrong, and
committing the very fault of generalizing from my own particular
position.

'June 4th.--I was greatly pleased, on Friday evening last which George
Sarawia spent here with me, to hear from him that he had been talking
with the Banks Islanders at Norfolk Island, and on board ship, about
a plan which he now proposed to me. I had indeed thought of it, but
scarcely saw my way. It is a new proof of his real earnestness, and of
his seeking the good of his people here. The plan is this:--

'G. S. "Bishop, we have been talking together about your buying some
land here, near your present place, where we all can live together,
where we can let the people see what our mode of life is, what our
customs are, which we have learnt from you."

'J. C. P. "Capital, George, but are you all willing to give up your
living in villages among your own particular relations?"

'G. S. "Yes, we all agreed about it. You see, sir, if we live scattered
about we are not strong enough to hold our ground, and some of the
younger ones fall back into their old ways. The temptations are great,
and what can be expected of one or two boys among eighty or ninety
heathen people?"

'J. C. P. "Of course you know what I think about it. It is the very
thing I have always longed for. I did have a general school here, as you
know."

'G. S. "Yes, but things are different now. People are making enquiries.
Many young fellows want to understand our teaching, and follow it. If we
have a good large place of our own there, we can carry on our own mode
of living without interfering with other people."

'J. G. P. "Yes, and so we can, actually in the midst of them, let them
see a Christian village, where none of the strange practices which are
inconsistent with Christianity will be allowed, and where the comforts
and advantages of our customs may be actually seen."

'G. S. "By-and-by it will be a large village, and many will wish to live
there, and not from many parts of Mota only."

'Well, I have told you, I suppose, of the fertility of this island, and
how it is far more than sufficient to supply the wants of the people.
Food is wasted on all sides. This very day I have plucked ten large
bread-fruits, and might have plucked forty now nearly ripe, simply that
the bats may not get them. I gave them away, as I can't eat more than a
third part of one at a meal.

'So I went with George on Saturday, and we chose such a beautiful
property, between Veverao and Maligo, I dare say about ten acres. Then
I spoke to the people here, explaining my wishes and motives. To-day we
have been over it with a large party, that all might be done publicly
and everybody might hear and know. The land belongs to sixteen different
owners; the cocoa-nut trees, breadfruit, almond, and other fruit-trees
are bought separately.

'They all agree; indeed, as they have abundance of space of spare land
just as good all about, and they will get a good stock of hatchets,
pigs, &c., from me, for this land, there is not much doubt about that.
But it is pleasant to hear some of them say, "No, no, that is mine and
my son's, and he is your boy. You can have that for nothing."

'I shan't take it; it is safer to buy, but it is pleasant to see the
kind feeling.

'If it be God's will to prosper this undertaking, we should begin next
year with about fifteen of our own scholars, and a goodly number of
half-scholars, viz., those who are now our regular scholars here, but
have not been taken to New Zealand.

'Fencing, clearing, &c., could go on rapidly. Many would help, and small
payments of beads and fish-hooks can always secure a man's services.

'I should build the houses with the material of the island, save only
windows, but adopt of course a different shape and style for them. The
idea would be to have everything native fashion, but improved, so as to
be clearly suitable for the wants of people sufficiently civilised. All
that a Christian finds helpful and expedient we ought to have, but to
adopt English notions and habits would defeat my object. The people
could not adopt them, there would be no teaching for them. I want to be
able to say: "Well, you see, there is nothing to prevent you from having
this and that, and your doing this and that."

'We must have some simple rules about cleanliness, working hours, &c.,
but all that is already familiar to those who have been with us at
Kohimarama and Norfolk Island. Above all, I rejoice in the thought that
the people understand that very soon this plan is to be worked by George
Sarawia. He is to be the, so to say, head of the Christian village. I
shall be a kind of Visitor. Palmer will, of course, be wanted at first,
but must avoid the fault of letting the people, our own pupils as well
as others, become dependent upon us. The Paraguay Mission produced
docile good-natured fags for the missionaries, but the natives had
learnt no self-respect, manliness, nor positive strength of character.
They fought well, and showed pluck when the missionaries armed them,
but they seem to have had no power of perpetuating their newly-learnt
customs, without the continual guidance of the missionaries. It may be
that such supervision is necessary; but I do not think it is so, and I
should be sorry to think it is so.'

As usual, the Mota climate told on the health of the party, there was
general influenza, and the Bishop had a swelling under his left arm;
but on Whitsunday the 'Southern Cross,' which had been to set down the
Solomon Islanders, returned, and carried him off. Vanua Lava was touched
at, and a stone, carved by John Adams, put up at Fisher Young's grave,
which was found, as before, well kept in order. Then the round of the
New Hebrides was made; but new volunteers were refused, or told to wait
ten moons, as it was an object to spend the first season in the new
locality with tried scholars.

At 'the grand island, miscalled Leper's,' the Bishop slept ashore for
the first time, and so also at Whitsuntide.

At Espiritu Santo much friendliness was shown, and a man would not take
a present Mr. Atkin offered, because he had nothing, to pay for it.
Santa Cruz, as usual, was disappointing, as, Mr. Atkin says, the only
word in their mouths, the only thought in their heads, was 'iron;'
they clamoured for this, and would not listen; moreover, their own
pronunciation of their language was very indistinct, owing to their
teeth being destroyed by the use of the betel-nut, so that they all
spoke like a man with a hot potato in his mouth.

'So again we leave this fine island without any advance, as far as we
can see, having been made. I may live to think these islanders very
wild, and their speech very difficult, yet I know no more of them
now than I did years ago. Yet I hope that some unforeseen means for
"entering in among" them may be given some day. Their time is to come,
sooner or later, when He knows it to be the right time.'

Savo was then touched at; and the Bishop slept ashore at Florida, and
left Mr. Brooke there to the hospitality of three old scholars for a few
days, by way of making a beginning. The observations on the plan show a
strange sense of ageing at only forty:--

'He speaks the language fairly; and his visit will, I hope, do good. Of
course he will be tired, and will enjoy the quiet of the schooner after
it. I know what that is pretty well, and it takes something to make one
prefer the little vessel at sea to any kind of shore life. However,
he has youth and cheery spirits at command, and that makes life on an
island. A man whose tastes naturally are for books, &c., rather than
for small talk, and who can't take much interest in the very trifling
matters that engage the attention of these poor fellows, such a man
finds it very tiring indeed sometimes, when a merry bright good-natured
fellow would amuse himself and the natives too.

'In these introductory visits, scarcely anything is done or said that
resembles Mission work as invented in stories, and described by the very
vivid imagination, of sensational writers. The crowd is great, the noise
greater, the heat, the dirt, the inquisitiveness, the endless repetition
of the same questions and remarks, the continual requests for a
fish-hook, for beads, &c.--this is somewhat unlike the interesting
pictures, in a Missionary Magazine, of an amiable individual very
correctly got up in a white tie and black tailed coat, and a group of
very attentive, decently-clothed and nicely-washed natives. They are
wild with excitement, not to hear "the good news," but to hear how the
trading went on: "How many axes did they sell? How many bits of iron?"

'You say, "Why do you trade at all?" Answer: In the first visits that we
make we should at once alienate all the goodwill of the people from us
unless we so far complied with their desire to get iron tools, or to
trade more or less with them. As soon as I can I give presents to three
or four leading men, and then let the buying curiosities be carried on
by the crew and others; but not to trade at all would be equivalent to
giving up hope of establishing any intercourse with the people.

'But in new islands, and upon our first visits, if we do get a chance
of saying something amid the uproar, what can we say about religion
that will be intelligible to men whose language has never been used to
express any thought of ours that we long to communicate, and whose minds
are pre-occupied by the visit of the vessel, and the longing for our
articles of trade? Sometimes we do try to say a few words; sometimes
we do a little better, we get a hearing, some persons listen with some
interest; but usually, if we can merely explain that we don't come to
trade, though we trade to please them, that we wish to take lads and
teach them, we are obliged to be satisfied. "Teach them! teach them
what?" think the natives. Why, one old hatchet would outweigh in their
minds all that boy or man can gain from any teaching. What appreciable
value can reading, writing, wearing clothes, &c., have in their eyes? So
we must in first visits (of which I am now thinking) be thankful that
we can in safety sleep on shore at all, and regard the merely making
friends with the people as a small beginning of Mission work.

'Poor fellows! they think it very strange! As you lie down in the dark
and try to sleep, you presently feel hands stroking your arms and
legs, and feeling you about to make sure that the stranger has the same
allowance of arms and legs that they have; and you overhear such quaint
remarks as you lie still, afraid to let them know that you are awake,
lest they should oblige you to begin talking over again the same things
that you have already said twenty times.'

Mr. Brooke stayed four days at Florida; and came away with three former
pupils, and four new ones, one of them grown up, a relative of the
leading man of the island. Taroniara was the only Bauro scholar brought
away this time; but so many were taken from Mota that the whole party
numbered thirty-seven, seven of them girls, all betrothed to one or
other of the lads. The entire colony at St. Barnabas, including English,
was thus raised to seventy, when the 'Southern Cross' returned thither
in August. On the 23rd, Bishop Patteson writes:--

'I wish you could see this place and the view from this room. I have
only got into it within this hour. The carpenters are just out of it.
You know that I left Palmer here about eleven months ago, on the return
from that island voyage. He had sixteen lads with him, of whom eleven
were good stout fellows.

'He did work wonderfully. The place I chose for the site of the station
is about three miles from the settlement--the town, as the people call
it. If you have a map of the island, you will see Longridge on the
western part of it. Follow on the principal road, which goes on beyond
Longridge in a N. and NW. direction, and about a mile beyond Longridge
is our station. The top of Mount Pitt is nearly opposite our houses, of
which two are now habitable, though not finished. The third, which is
the house at Kohimarama which I had for one year, and in which Sir W.
and Lady Martin spent ten days, will be begun on Monday next, I hope.
The labour of getting all these things from New Zealand and then landing
them (for there is no harbour), and then carting them up here (for there
are no really good horses here, but the two I bought and sent down),
was very considerable. Palmer and his boys worked admirably. He was
industrious indeed. He and they lived at first in a little cottage,
about three-quarters of a mile from our place, i.e., about a quarter of
a mile from Longridge. During the first month, while they had no cart or
horses as yet (for I had to send them down from Auckland), they
fenced in some lands (the wire for which I had bought at Sydney, and
a man-of-war brought it hither), planted yams (which grow excellently,
such a crop never was seen here) and sweet potatoes, melons, vegetables,
&c. Meanwhile, the timber for the houses was being sent as I had
opportunity, a large quantity having been already taken to Norfolk
Island in a man-of-war. Luckily, timber was selling very cheap at
Auckland.

'After this first month, Palmer set to work at house building. He built
entirely by himself, save the chimney and some part of the shingling
(wooden roofing). As yet, no rooms have any ceiling or lining; they
might by innocent people be thought to resemble barns, but they are
weather-proof, strong, and answer all present purposes. The verandah,
about 8 feet broad, is another great room really.

'I am still buying and sending down bricks, timber, &c. Two Auckland
carpenters, thoroughly steady men, left Norfolk Island, about three
weeks after we left it, for the Melanesian islands. They have been
putting up my special building. We have no doors like hall doors, as
all the rooms open with glass doors on to the verandah, and they are the
doors for going in and out. Comprenez-vous? The ground slopes away from
these two houses for some 200 yards or more to a little stream; and this
slope is all covered with sweet potatoes and vegetables, and Codrington
and Palmer have planted any number of trees, bushes, flowers, &c.
Everything grows, and grows luxuriantly. Such soil, such a climate!

'By-and-by I shall have, I hope, such myrtles and azaleas, kalmias and
crotons, and pine-apples and almond trees, bananas and tree-ferns, and
magnolias and camellias, &c., all in the open air.

'The ground slopes up beyond the little stream, a beautiful wooded bank,
wooded with many kinds of trees and bushes, large Norfolk Island pines;
cattle and sheep stray about. Oh! how very pretty it is! And then beyond
and above this first slope, the eye travels along the slopes of the Pitt
to its summit, about 1,000 feet, a pretty little hill. It is, indeed,
a calm peaceful scene, away from noise and bustle, plenty of pleasant
sounds of merry boys working in the gardens, and employing themselves
in divers ways. The prospect is (D. Gr.) a very happy one. It is some
pleasure to work here, where the land gives "her increase" indeed.

'All seem very happy and well pleased with the place. I don't see how
it can be otherwise, and yet to the young people there may be something
attractive in society. But the young ones must occasionally go to
Auckland or Sydney, or whithersoever they please, for a two or three
months' holiday. For me, what can I desire more than this place affords?
More than half of each year spent here if I live, and quietly, with any
amount of work, uninterrupted work, time for quiet reading and thought.
This room of mine in which I now am sitting is magnifique, my dear Joan;
seriously, a very good room. You see it will be full of boys and girls;
and I must have in it many things, not books only, for the general use
of all here, so that I determined to make it a nice place at once.

'This room then, nicely lined, looking rather like a wooden box, it
is true, but clean and airy, is 22 feet x 14 feet 6 in., and the wall
plates 9 feet 6 in. high, the ceiling coved a little, so as to be nearly
14 feet high in the centre. What do you think of that for a room? It
has a fire-place, and wide verandah, which is nearly 6 feet above the
ground, so that I am high and dry, and have all the better view too,
quite a grand flight of steps--a broad ladder--up into my house. The
Mahaga lads and I call it my tree-house.

'Then I have one great luxury. I thought I would have it, and it is
so nice. My room opens into the Chapel by red baize swinging doors; my
private entrance, for there is a regular porch where the rest go in.

'Service at 7 A.M. and 8 P.M. But it is always open, boys come in of a
morning to say their private prayers, for sleeping together in one room
they have little privacy there. And I can go in at all hours. Soon it
will become a sacred spot to us. It is really like a Chapel.

'August 27th.--Your birthday, my dear old Fan! God bless you, and
grant you all true happiness, and the sense of being led onwards to the
eternal peace and joy above. The parting here is a long one; and likely
to be a parting for good, as far as this world is concerned.

'Last night was the coldest night that they have had during the whole
winter; the thermometer touched 43°--Codrington has regular registering
thermometers, so you see what a charming climate this is for us. Palmer
was here all the summer, and he says that the heat, though great as
marked by thermometer, was never trying, relaxing, and unfitting for
work, as at Kohimarama.'

Thus began the first period of the residence in Norfolk Island; where
Mr. Codrington's account of the way of life shall supplement the
above:--

'When the Bishop returned in August 1867, our party consisted of
himself, Mr. Palmer in Deacon's orders, and myself, Mr. Atkin and Mr.
Brooke already experienced in the work, and Mr. Bice, who had with
myself lately arrived from England. The whole number of Melanesians was
about sixty; among the eldest of these the most intelligent and advanced
of the few then baptized, George, Henry, B----, Robert and Edward. There
were then, I think, thirteen baptized, and two Communicants. To this
elder class, the Bishop, as far as I can recollect, devoted the greater
part of his time. He said that now for the first time he was able
without interruption to set to work to teach them, and he certainly made
great progress in those months. I remember that every evening they used
to sit in Chapel after prayers, and consider what difficulty or question
they should propound to him; and he would come in after a time, and,
after hearing the question, discuss the subject, discourse upon it, and
end with prayer. They were at the time, I remember, much impressed by
this; and those who were the most advanced took in a great deal of an
elevated strain of doctrine which, no doubt, passed over the heads of
the greater number, but not without stirring up their hearts.

'It became a regular custom on the evening before the Communion Sunday,
i.e., every other Sunday, to give the Communicants instruction and
preparation after the Chapel service. At this time there was no Sunday
sermon in Chapel. The Bishop used to say that the preaching was done
in the school; but much of his school was of a hortatory kind in the
Chapel, and often without taking off the surplice.

'At this time I should add that he used from time to time to have other
boys with him to school, and particularly Solomon Islanders, whose
languages he alone could generally speak. He had also a good deal with
him the second set of eight Banks Islanders, who were by this time
recognised Catechumens.

'There were other occupations of the Bishop's time, besides his school
with Melanesians. The hour from 12 to 1 was devoted to instruction given
to the two young men, one from New Zealand and one a son of Mr. Nobbs,
who were working with the Mission; and on alternate days to the younger
members of the Mission, who were being prepared for Ordination.

'The reading with the younger clergy continued to be to the last one
of the most regular and most fruitful of the Bishop's engagements. The
education which Mr. Atkin had for many years received from the Bishop
had set him considerably above the average of young English clergy,
not only in scholarship and information, but also in habits of literary
industry. The Bishop, with his own great interest in Hebrew, enjoyed
very much his Hebrew reading with Mr. Atkin and Mr. Bice.

'The Bishop also began as soon as he could to pay attention to the
teaching of the young Norfolk Islanders. He preached very often in their
Church, and went down on Wednesdays to take a class of candidates for
Confirmation. He said, and I believe with truth, that he wasted a great
deal of time in preparing his lessons with the candidates for Ordination
or younger clergy; that is, he looked up the subject in some book, and
read on and on till he had gone far beyond the point in search of which
he started, and had no time left to take up the other points which
belonged to the subject he had in view. I should say he was always a
desultory scholar, reading very much and to very great purpose, but
being led continually from one subject or one book to another long
before coming to an end of the first. He was always so dissatisfied with
what he did, that whereas there are remaining several beginnings of one
or two pages on one subject or another, there is no paper of his which
is more than a fragment--that is, in English. There is one series of
Notes on the Catechism in Mota complete. In those days I was not myself
able to converse sufficiently in Mota to learn much from the elder boys
about the teaching they were receiving; but it was evident that they
were much impressed and stirred up, they spent much time with their
books by themselves, and one could not fail to form a high estimate of
the work that was going on. Now they say they never had school like that
before or since. The Bishop was, in fact, luxuriating in the unbroken
opportunity of pouring out instruction to intelligent and interested
scholars. I think it was altogether a happy time to him; he enjoyed the
solitude, the advantages of the move to the island were apparent in the
school work, and were anticipated in the farm, and the hope of doing
something for the Pitcairn people, which I believe had much to do with
fixing the Mission here, was fresh.'

This judgment is thoroughly borne out by the Bishop's own letter to his
sisters of October 27, wherein it appears how considerable an element of
his enjoyment and comfort was Mr. Codrington's own companionship, partly
as a link with the younger members of the little community:--

'Do I feel doubtful about an early Communion Service, Codrington, when I
broach the matter, takes it up more eagerly almost than I do; and then
I leave him to talk with the others, who could hardly differ from me on
such a point if they wished to do so, but will speak freely to him.
Not that, mind, I am aware of there being anything like a feeling of
distance between me and them, but necessarily they must just feel that
I am forty and their Bishop, and so I might perhaps influence them too
much, which would be undesirable.

'Then I can talk with him on matters which of course have special
interest for me, for somehow I find that I scarcely ever read or think
on any points which do not concern directly my work as clergyman or
language-monger. It is very seldom that I touch a book which is not a
commentary on the Bible or a theological treatise, scarcely ever, and of
course one likes to talk about those things of which one's mind is full.
That made the talks with the Judge so delightful. Now young people, of
course, have their heads full (as I used to have mine) of other things,
and so my talk would be dull and heavy to them.

'No doubt, if you had me at home you would find that I am pretty full of
thoughts on some points, but not very well able to express myself, and
to put my thoughts into shape. It is partly want of habit, because,
except as one speaks somewhat dictatorially to pupils, I do not arrange
my ideas by conversing with others--to a great extent, from want of
inclination, i.e., indolence, and also I have not the brains to think
out a really difficult subject. I am amused occasionally to see what a
false estimate others form of me in that way. You see it has pleased
God to give me one faculty in rather an unusual degree, that of learning
languages, but in every other respect my abilities are very moderate
indeed. Distance exaggerates of course, and I get credit with some folks
for what if I had it would simply be a gift and no virtue in me; but
I attain anything I work at with very considerable labour, and my mind
moves very sluggishly, and I am often very dull and stupid. You may
judge, therefore, of the great advantage of having a bright, cheery,
intelligent, well-informed man among us, without whom every meal would
be heavy and silent, and we should (by my fault) get into a mechanical
grind....

'As for your own worthy Brother, I don't think I knew what rest meant
till I got here. I work, in one sense, as hard as before, i.e., from
early morn till 10 P.M., with perhaps the intermission of a hour and
a half for exercise, besides the twenty minutes for each of the three
meals; and did my eyes allow it, I could go on devouring books much
later. But then I am not interrupted and distracted by the endless
occupation of the New Zealand life. Oh! how utterly distasteful to me
were all those trustee meetings, those English duties of all kinds, and
most of all, those invasions of Kohimarama by persons for whom I could
get up no interest. I am not defending these idiosyncrasies as if they
were all right, but stating what I felt and what I feel. I am indeed
very happy here; I trust not less useful in my way. School of course
flourishes. You would be surprised at the subjects that I and my first
class work at. No lack of brains! Perhaps I can express it briefly by
saying that I have felt for a year or more the need of giving them
the Gospel of St. John. Because they were ready, thank God, for those
marvellous discourses and arguments in that blessed Gospel, following
upon the record of miracles wrought or events that happened.

'Of course the knowledge of the facts must come first, but there was
always in school with me--either they have it as a natural gift, or my
teaching takes naturally that line--a tendency to go deeper than the
mere apprehension of a fact, a miracle wrought, or a statement made.
The moral meaning of the miracle, the principle involved in the less
important expression of it, or particular manifestation of it, these
points always of late I am able to talk about as to intelligent and
interested listeners. I have these last six weeks been translating St.
John; it is nearly done. Think, Fan, of reading, as I did last night, to
a class of fifteen Melanesian Christians, the very words of St. John vi.
for the first time in their ears! They had heard me paraphrase much of
it at different times. I don't notice these things, unless (as now) I
chance to write about them. After 6 P.M. Chapel, I remain with some of
the lads, the first class of boys, men, and women, every night, and in
addition, the second class every other night (not on the nights when I
have had them from 7 to 8). I used to catechise them at first, starting
the subject myself. Now, I rejoice to say, half goes very quickly in
answering questions, of which they bring me plenty.

Then, at about 8.50 or 9, I leave them alone in the Chapel (which opens,
as you know, into my sitting-room), and there they stay till past 10,
talking over points among themselves, often two or three coming in to
me, "Bishop, we can't quite make out this." What do they know and ask?
Well, take such a subject as the second Psalm, and they will answer you,
if you ask them, about prophecy and the prophetic state. Test them as to
the idea they form of a spiritual vision of something seen, but not with
the fleshly eye, and they will say, "Yes, our minds have that power of
seeing things. I speak of Mota, it is far off, but as I speak of it, I
see my father and my mother and the whole place. My mind has travelled
to it in an instant. I am there. Yes, I see. So David, so Moses, so St.
Peter on the housetop, so St. Paul, caught up into the third heaven, so
with his mind."

'"But was it like one of our dreams?"

'"Yes and No--Yes, because they were hardly like waking-men. No, because
it was a real true vision which God made them see."

'Ask them about the object of prophecy, and they will say, in quaint
expression, it is true, what is tantamount to this--it was not only a
prediction of things to come, but a chief means of keeping before the
minds of the Jews the knowledge of God's true character as the moral
Governor of their nation, and gradually the knowledge was given of His
being the Lord and Ruler of all men. The Prophet was the teacher of the
present generation as well as the utterer of truths that, when fulfilled
in after ages, would teach future ages.

'I mention these fragmentary sentiments, merely to show you how I can
carry these fellows into a region where something more than memory must
be exercised. The recurrence of the same principles upon which God deals
with us is an illustration of what I mean; e.g., the Redemption out of
Egypt from the Captivity and the Redemption involve the same principle.
So the principle of Mediation runs through the Bible, the Prophet,
Priest, King, &c. Then go into the particular Psalm, ask the meaning of
the words, Anointed, Prophet, Priest, King--how our Lord discharged and
discharges these offices. What was the decree? The Anointed is His Son.
"This day have I begotten Thee"--the Eternal Generation--the Birth from
the grave. His continual Intercession. Take up Psalm cx., the Priest,
the Priest for ever, not after the order of Aaron. Go into the Aaronical
Priesthood. Sacrifices, the idea of sacrifice, the Mosaic ritual, its
fulfilment; the principle of obedience, as a consequence of Faith,
common to Old and New Testaments, as, indeed, God's Moral Law is
unchangeable, but the object of faith clearly revealed in the New
Testament for the first time, &c., &c.

'Christ's Mediatorial reign, His annihilation of all opposition in the
appointed time, the practical Lesson the Wrath of the Lamb.

'Often you would find that pupils who can be taught these things seem
and are very ignorant of much simpler things; but they have no knowledge
of books, as you are aware, and my object is to teach them pretty fully
those matters which are really of the greatest importance, while I may
fill up the intervening spaces some day, if I live. To spend such energy
as they and I have upon the details of Jewish history, e.g., would be
unwise. The great lessons must be taught, as, e.g., St. Paul in 1 Cor.
x. uses Jewish history.

'October 15, I finished my last chapter of St. John's Gospel in the
Mota language; we have also a good many of the Collects and Gospels
translated, and some printed. What is better than to follow the Church's
selection of passages of Scripture, and then to teach them devotionally
in connection with the Collects?

'Brooke works away hard at his singing class in the afternoon. We sing
the Venite, Magnificat, Nunc dimittis, &c., in parts, to single and
double chants, my old favourite "Jacob's" for the Venite, also a fine
chant of G. Elvey's. They don't sing at all well, but nevertheless,
though apt to get flat, and without good voices, there is a certain body
of sound, and I like it. Brooke plays the harmonium nicely.

'The Norfolk Island people, two or three only, have been here at evening
service, and are extremely struck with the reverence of the Melanesians.

'I work away with my Confirmation class, liking them personally, but
finding no indication of their having been taught to think in the least.
It is a relief to get back to the Melanesians.'

The visit of the Bishop of New Zealand which had been hoped for, had
been prevented by the invitation to attend the Synod of the Church held
at Lambeth, in the autumn of 1867, and instead of himself welcoming his
friends, Bishop Patteson was picturing them to himself staying with
his sisters at Torquay, and joining in the Consecration Services of the
Church of All Saints, at Babbicombe, where the altar stood, fragrant
with the sandal wood of the Pacific isles. The letters sent off by an
opportunity in November were to family and friends, both in England. The
one to his sister Joanna narrates one of those incidents that touched
the Bishop most deeply:--

'On Friday last we had such a very, very solemn service in our little
Chapel. Walter Hotaswol, from Matlavo Island, is dying--he has long been
dying, I may say--of consumption. For two winters past he has remained
with us rather than in his own island, as he well knew that without
good food and care he would sink at once. Years ago he was baptized, and
after much time spent in preparation, Tuesday, at 7.30 A.M., was the day
when we met in Chapel. Walter leant back in a chair. The whole service
was in the Mota language, and I administered the Holy Communion to
eleven of our Melanesian scholars, and last of all to him. Three others
I trust I may receive to Holy Communion Sunday next. Is not this a
blessed thing? I think of it with thankfulness and fear. My old text
comes into my mind--"Your heart shall fear and be enlarged." I think
there is good hope that I may baptize soon seven or eight catechumens.'

The letter to Bishop Selwyn despatched by the same vessel on November
16, gives the first hint of that 'labour traffic' which soon became the
chief obstacle to the Mission.

After describing an interview with an American captain, he
continues:--'Reports are rife of a semi-legalised slave-trading between
the South Sea Islands and New Caledonia and the white settlers in
Fiji. I have made a little move in the matter. I wrote to a Wesleyan
Missionary in Fiji (Ovalau) who sent me some books. I am told that
Government sanctions natives being brought upon agreement to work for
pay, &c., and passage home in two years. We know the impossibility of
making contracts with New Hebrides or Solomon natives. It is a
mere sham, an evasion of some law, passed, I dare say, without any
dishonourable intention, to procure colonial labour. If necessary I will
go to Fiji or anywhere to obtain information. But I saw a letter in a
Sydney paper which spoke strongly and properly of the necessity of the
most stringent rules to prevent the white settlers from injuring the
coloured men.'

So first loomed the cloud that was to become so fatal a darkening of
the hopes of the Mission, all the more sad because it was caused by
Christian men, or men who ought to have been Christian. It will be seen,
however, that Bishop Patteson did not indiscriminately set his face
against all employment of natives. Occupation and training in civilised
customs were the very things he desired for them, but the whole question
lay in the manner of the thing. However, to him as yet it was but a
report, and this Advent and Christmas of 1867 were a very happy time. A
letter to me describes the crowning joy.


'Norfolk Island: Christmas Day, 1867.

'My dear Cousin,--One line to you to-day of Christmas feelings and
blessings. Indeed, you are daily in my thoughts and prayers. You would
have rejoiced could you have seen us last Sunday or this morning at 7
A.M. Our fourteen Melanesian Communicants so reverent, and (apparently)
earnest. On Sunday I ordained Mr. Palmer Priest, Mr. Atkin and Mr.
Brooke Deacons.

'The service was a solemn one, in the Norfolk Island Church, the people
joining heartily in the first ordination they had seen; Codrington's
sermon excellent, the singing good and thoroughly congregational,
and the whole body of confirmed persons remaining to receive the Holy
Communion. Our own little Chapel is very well decorated (Codrington
again the leader) with fronds of tree-ferns, arums, and lilies;
"Emmanuel, God amemina" (with us), in large letters over the altar.

'And now (9.30P.M.) they are practising Christmas hymns in Mota for our
11 A.M. service. Then we have a regular feast, and make the day a really
memorable one for them. The change from the old to the new state of
things, as far as our Banks Islanders are concerned, is indeed most
thankworthy. I feel that there is great probability of George Sarawia's
ordination before long. This next year he will be left alone (as far as
we whites are concerned) at Mota, and I shall be able to judge, I hope,
of his fitness for carrying on the work there. If it be God's will to
give him health of body and the will and power to serve Him, then he
ought to be ordained. He is an excellent fellow, thoughtful, sensible,
and my right hand among the Melanesians for years. His wife, Sara
Irotaviro, a nice gentle creature, with now a fine little boy some seven
months old. She is not at all equal to George in intelligence, and is
more native in habits, &c. But I think that she will do her best.

'You know I have long felt that there is almost harm done by trying
to make these islanders like English people. All that is needful for
decency and propriety in the arrangement of houses, in dress, &c.,
we must get them to adopt, but they are to be Melanesian, not English
Christians. We are so far removed from them in matters not at
all necessarily connected with Christianity, that unless we can
denationalise ourselves and eliminate all that belongs to us as English,
and not as Christians, we cannot be to them what a well-instructed
fellow-countryman may be. He is nearer to them. They understand him. He
brings the teaching to them in a practical and intelligible form.

'I hope and pray that dear old George may be the first of such a band
of fellow-workers. Others--Henry Tagalana, who is, I suppose, about
eighteen, Fisher Pantatun, about twenty-one, Edward Wogale (George's own
brother), about sixteen, Robert Pantatun, about eighteen--are excellent,
all that I could wish; and many younger ones are coming up. They stay
with us voluntarily two or three years now without any going home, and
the little ones read and write surprisingly well. They come to me very
often and say, "Bishop, I wish to stop here again this winter."

'They come for help of the best kind. They have their little printed
private prayers, but some are not content with this. Marosgagalo came
last week with a slip of paper--

'"Well, Maros, what is it?"

'He is a shy little fellow who has been crippled with rheumatism.

'"Please write me my prayer."

'And as my room opens into the Chapel, and they are told to use that at
all times (their sleeping-rooms not allowing much privacy), I know how
they habitually come into it early (at 5 A.M.) and late at night for
their private prayers. You cannot go into the Chapel between 5 and 6.30
A.M. without seeing two or three kneeling about in different corners. As
for their intelligence, I ought to find time to send you a full account
of them, translations of their answers, papers, &c., but you must be
content to know that I am sure they can reason well upon facts and
statements, that they are (the first class) quite able to understand all
the simpler theological teaching which you would expect Communicants and
(I pray) future clergymen to understand. Of some six or seven I can thus
speak with great confidence, but I think that the little fellows may
be better educated still, for they are with us before they have so much
lee-way to make up--jolly little fellows, bright and sharp. The whole
of the third Banks Island class (eight of them) have been with me for
eighteen months, and they have all volunteered to stay for eighteen
months more. They ought to know a great deal at the end of that time,
then they will go home almost to a certainty only for two or three
months, and come back again for another long spell.

'All this is hopeful, and we have much to be thankful for indeed; but I
see no immediate prospect of anything like this in the other islands at
present. We know very many of the islanders and more or less of their
languages; we have scholars who read and write, and stop here with us,
and who are learning a good deal individually, but I have as yet no
sense of any hold gained upon the people generally. We are good friends,
they like us, trust young people with us, but they don't understand our
object in coming among them properly. The trade and the excitement of
our visit has a good deal to do with their willingness to receive us and
to give us children and young men. They behave very well when here, and
their people treat us well when we are with them. But as yet I see no
religious feeling, no apprehension of the reality of the teaching: they
know in one sense, and they answer questions about the meaning of the
Creed, &c., but they would soon fall again into heathen ways, and their
people show no disposition to abandon heathen ways. In all this there is
nothing to surprise or discourage us. It must be slow work, carried on
without observation amidst many failures and losses and disappointments.
If I wished to attribute to secondary causes any of the results we
notice, I might say that our having lived at Mota two or three months
each year has had a great deal to do with the difference between the
Banks and the other islanders.

'It may be that, could we manage to live in Bauro, or Anudha, or Mahaga,
or Whitsuntide, or Lepers' Island, or Espiritu Santo, we might see
soon some such change take place as we notice in Mota; but all that is
uncertain, and such thoughts are useless. We must indeed live in those
other islands as soon as we can, but it is hard to find men able to do
so, and only a few of the islands are ripe for the attempt.

'I feel often like a horse going his regular rounds, almost
mechanically. Every part of the day is occupied, and I am too tired
at night to think freshly. So that I am often like one in a dream,
and scarcely realise what I am about. Then comes a time when I wish to
write, e.g. (as to you now) about the Mission, and it seems so hard to
myself to see my way, and so impossible to make others see what is in
my mind about it. Sometimes I think these Banks Islanders may be
evangelists beyond the limits of their own islands. So many of the
natives of other islands live here with them, and speak the language of
Mota, and then they have so much more in common with them than with us,
and the climate and food and mode of life generally are familiar to them
alike. I think this may come to pass some day; I feel almost sure that
I had better work on with promising islanders than attempt to train up
English boys, of which I once thought. I am more and more confirmed
in my belief that what one wants is a few right-minded, well-educated
English clergymen, and then for all the rest trust to native agency.

'When I think of Mr. Robertson and such men, and think how they work
on, it encourages me. And so, where do I hear of men who have so many
comforts, so great immunity from hardship and danger as we enjoy? This
is nothing to the case of a London parish.

'Fanny has sent me out my old engravings, which I like to look at once
more, although there is only one really good one among them, and yet
I don't like to think of her no longer having them. I have also a nice
selection of photographs just sent out, among which the cartoons from
Hampton Court are especially good. That grand figure of St. Paul at
Athens, which Raphael copied from Masaccio's fresco, always was a
favourite of mine.

'I feel at home here, more so than in any place since I left England;
but I hope that I may be able to spend longer intervals in the islands
than the mere sixteen or eighteen weeks of the voyage, if I have still
my health and strength. But I think sometimes that I can't last always;
I unconsciously leave off doing things, and wake up to find that I am
shirking work.

'Holy Innocents' Day.--I don't think I have sufficiently considered your
feelings in suffering the change of name in the Mission School that
took place, and I am rather troubled about it. I came back from the last
voyage to find that as I had selected a site for the buildings on St.
Barnabas Day, which was, by a coincidence, the day I spent here on my
outward voyage in 1866, the people had all named the place St.
Barnabas. Then came the thought of the meetings on St. Barnabas, and
the appropriateness of the Missionary Apostle's name, and I, without
thinking enough about it, acquiesced in the change of name. I should
have consulted you,--not that you will feel yourself injured, I well
know; but for all that, I ought to have done it. It was the more due
to you, because you won't claim any right to be consulted. I am really
sorry for it, and somewhat troubled in mind. (Footnote: 'He need not
have been sorry. I give this to show his kind, scrupulous consideration;
but I, like everyone else, could not help feeling that it was more
fitting that the germ of a missionary theological college should not
bear a name even in allusion to a work of fiction.)

'The occasional notices of Mr. and Mrs. Keble in your letters, and the
full account of him and her as their end drew nigh, is very touching.
How much, how very much there is that I should like to ask him now! How
I could sit at his feet and listen to him! These are great subjects that
I have neither time nor brains to deal with, and there is no one
here who can give me all the help I want. I think a good deal about
Ritualism, more about Union, most about the Eucharistic question; but
I need some one with whom to talk out these matters. When I have
worked out the mind of Hooker, Bull, Waterland, &c., and read Freeman's
"Principles," and Pusey's books, and Mr. Keble's, &c., then I want
to think it out with the aid of a really well-read man. It is clearly
better not to view such holy subjects in connection with controversy;
but then comes the thought--"How is Christendom to be united when this
diversity exists on so great a point?" And then one must know what the
diversity really amounts to, and then the study becomes a very laborious
and intricate enquiry into the ecclesiastical literature of centuries.
Curiously enough, I am still waiting for the book I so much want, Mr.
Keble's book on "Eucharistic Adoration." I had a copy, of course, but I
lent it to some one. I lose a good many books in that way.

'The extraordinary change in the last thirty years will of course mark
this time hereafter as one of the most noticeable periods in the history
of the Church, indeed one can't fail to see it, which is not always
the case with persons living in the time of great events. The bold,
outspoken conduct of earnest men, the searching deeply into principles,
the comparative rejection of conventionalities, local prejudices,
exclusive forms of thought and practice, must strike everyone. But
one misses the guiding, restraining hand...the man in the Church
corresponding to "the Duke" at one time in the State, the authority.

'One thing I do think, that the being conversant only with thoughtful
educated Christians may result in a person ignoring the simpler idea of
the Eucharist which does not in the least divest it of its mysterious
character, but rather, recognising the mystery, seeks for no solution of
it. How can I teach my fifteen Melanesian Communicants the points which
I suppose an advanced Ritualist would regard as most essential? But I
can give them the actual words of some of the ancient, really ancient,
Liturgies, and teach them what Christ said, and St. Paul said, and the
Church of England says, and bid them acquiesce in the mystery.

'Yet I would fain know more. I quite long for a talk with Mr. Keble.
Predisposed on every account to think that he must be right, I am not
sure that I know what he held to be the truth, nor am I quite sure that
I would see it without much explanation; but to these holy men so much
is revealed that one has no right to expect to know. What he held was in
him at all events combined with all that a man may have of humility, and
learning, and eagerness for union with God.'


This letter was sent with these:--


'Norfolk Island: December 16, 1867.

'My dear Mr. Atkin,--The "Pacific" arrived on Friday after a quick
passage. All our things came safely. She leaves to-morrow for Sydney,
and we are in a great hurry. For (1) we have three mails all at once,
and I have my full share of letters, public and private; and (2) we have
had last week our first fall of rain for some three and a half months,
and we are doing our best to plant kumaras, &c., which grow here
wonderfully, if only they get anything like a fair chance.

'Joe as usual is foremost at all work; fencing, well-sinking, &c. And
he proves the truth of the old saying, that "the head does not suffer by
the work of the hand." His knowledge of Scripture truth, of what I
may fairly call the beginning of theological studies, gives me great
comfort. I am quite sure that in all essentials, in all which by God's
blessing tends to qualify a man for teaching faithfully, and with
sufficient learning and knowledge of the Word of God, he is above the
average of candidates for ordination in England.

'I don't say that he would pass the kind of examination before an
English Bishop so well as a great many--they insist a good deal on
technical points of historical knowledge, &c.--but in all things really
essential--in his clear perception of the unity of the teaching of the
Bible; in his knowledge of the Greek Testament, in his reading with me
the Articles, Prayer Book, &c., I am convinced that he is well fitted
to do his work well and truly. We have had more than one talk on deeper
matters still, on inward feelings and thoughts, on prayer and the
devotional study of God's Word, and divinity in general. I feel
the greatest possible thankfulness and happiness as I think of his
ordination, and of what, by the grace of God, he may become to very many
both heathens and Christians, if his life be spared.

'Once again, my dear friends, I thank you for giving him to this work.
He is the greatest conceivable comfort and help to me. I always feel
when he is walking or working with others, that there is one on whose
steadiness and strong sense of duty I can always rely. May God bless him
with His richest blessings....

'On Sunday next (D.V.) we shall not forget you, as I well know your
thoughts and prayers will be with us; and we sing "Before JEHOVAH'S
awful Throne" to the Old Hundredth; 2nd, No. 144 of the Hymnal, after
third Collect; and before sermon, 3rd, No. 143; after sermon, 4th, No.
19; after Litany, 5th, Veni Creator to All Saints.

The ordination will be in the Norfolk Island Church.--My kind regards to
Mrs. Atkin and Mary.

'Always, my dear friend, very truly yours,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


'December 16, 1867.

'My dear Miss Mackenzie,--Your brother's pedometer reached me safely
three days ago. I feel most truly unworthy to receive such gifts. I have
now his sextant, his pedometer, and, most precious of all, his "Thomas
a Kempis"; they ought to help me to think more of him, and his holy
example. Your letter commenting on the published life makes me know
him pretty well. He was one to love and honour; indeed, the thorough
humility and truthfulness, the single-mindedness of the man, the simple
sense of duty and unwearied patience, energy, and gentleness--indeed
you must love to dwell on the memory of such a brother, and look forward
with hope and joy to the reunion.

'We are fast settling ourselves into our headquarters here. Our
buildings already sufficient to house eighty or one hundred Melanesians.
We are fencing, planting, &c., &c., vigorously, and the soil here repays
our labours well. The yam and sweet potatoes grow excellently, and
the banana, orange, lemon, and nearly all semi-tropical fruits and
vegetables. I think that our commissariat expenditure will soon be very
small, and we ought to have an export before long.

'Two things seem to be pretty clear: that there is no lack of capacity
in the Melanesian, and no probability of any large supply of English
teachers and clergymen, even if it were desirable to work the Mission
with foreign rather than native clergymen. My own mind is, and has long
been in favour of the native pastorate; but it needs much time to work
up to such a result.

'All our party are well in health, save one good fellow, Walter
Hotaswol, who is dying of consumption, in faith and hope. "Better," he
says, "to die here with a bright heart than to live in my own land with
a dark one." It is a solemn Ember week for us.

'I remain, dear Miss Mackenzie, very truly yours,

'J. C. PATTESON.

'I quite agree with you that you cannot educate tropical and
semi-tropical people in England; and you don't want to make them English
Christians, you know.'


Walter's history is here completed:--


'January 22, 1868.

'My dear Cousin,--I write you a line: I have not time for more in
addition to my other epistle, to tell you that I purpose to baptize,
on Sunday next, eight Melanesian youths and one girl. You will, I
know, thank God for this. Indeed I hope (though I say it with a kind
of trembling and wonder) that a succession of scholars is now regularly
established from the Banks Islands.

'These nine are being closely followed by some ten or twelve more,
younger than they, averaging from seven to eleven years, who all read
and write and know the elements of Christian teaching, but you should
see them, bright merry little fellows, and the girls too, full of
play and fun. Yet so docile, and obedient, and good-tempered. They all
volunteer to stay here again this winter, though they have not been
at home since they first left it, in July and August 1866. They have a
generation of Christians--I mean one of our generations--some two dozen
or more, to help them; they have not the brunt of the battle to bear,
like dear George and Henry and others; and because, either here or
there, they will be living with Christians; I need not, I think, subject
them to a probation. Next year (D.V.) they may be baptized, and so the
ranks are being filled up.

'I would call the girl Charlotte were she a favourite of mine, but I
wait in hopes that a nicer girl (though this one is good and nice too)
may be baptized by your and Mrs. Keble's name. You may well believe that
my heart and mind are very full of this. May God grant that they may
continue His for ever!

'I confirm on the same day fourteen Norfolk Islanders.

'Walter Hotaswol, from Matlavo, the southern part of Saddle Island, died
on the evening of the Epiphany: a true Epiphany to him, I trust. He
was remarkably gentle and innocent for one born in a heathen land. His
confession, very fully made to me before his first Communion, was very
touching, simply given, and, thank God, he had been wonderfully kept
from the sins of heathenism. With us, his life for years was blameless.
He died almost without pain, after many weeks of lingering in
consumption, I verily believe in full faith in his Saviour and his God.

'During his last illness, and for a short time before he actually
took to his bed, he frequently received the Holy Communion. And very
remarkable were his words to me the day after his first Communion. I was
sitting by him, when he said, apropos of nothing, "Very good!"

'"What is very good, Walter?"

'"The Lord's Supper."

'"Why do you think so?"

'"I can't talk about it. I feel it here (touching his heart), I don't
feel as I did!"

'"But you have long believed in Him."

'"Yes, but I feel different from that; I don't feel afraid for death. My
heart is calm (me masur kal, of a calm following a gale)." His look
was very earnest as he added: "I do believe that I am going to Him."
Presently, "Bishop!"

'"Well."

'"Last night--no, the night before I received the Lord's Supper, I saw a
man standing there, a tanum liana (a man of rank, or authority). He said
Your breath is bad, I will give you a new breath.'"

'"Yes."

'"I thought it meant, I will give you a new life. I thought it must be
JESUS."

'He was weak, but not wandering. "Yes, better to die here with a bright
heart than to live in my old home with a dark one."

'January 28th.--The nine young Christians were baptized on Sunday
evening; a very touching and solemn service it was, very full of
comfort. It may be that now, in full swing of work, I am too sanguine,
but I try to be sober-minded, thankful, and hopeful. I try, I say--it is
not easy.

'God bless you, my dear Cousin, and as I pray for you, so I know you
pray for us.

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


A long letter to James Patteson, which was begun a few days later, goes
into the man's retrospect of the boy's career:--


'March 3rd.--I think often of your boys. Jack, in two or three years,
will be old enough for school, and I suppose it must make you anxious
sometimes. I look back on my early days, and see so much, so very much
to regret and grieve over, such loss of opportunities, idleness, &c.,
that I think much of the way to make lessons attractive to boys and
girls. I think a good deal may be done simply by the lessons being given
by the persons the children love most, and hence (where it can be done)
the mother first, and the father too (if he can) are the best people.
They know the ways of the child, they can take it at the right times. Of
course, at first it is the memory, not the reasoning power, that must be
brought into exercise. Young children must learn by heart, learn miles
which they can't understand, or understand but very imperfectly. I think
I forget this sometimes, and talk to my young Melanesians as I should to
older persons. But I feel almost sure that children can follow a simple,
lively account of the meaning and reasons of things much more than one
is apt to fancy. And I don't know how anything can be really learnt
that is not understood. A great secret of success here is an easy and
accurate use of illustration--parabolic teaching.

'Every day of my life I groan over the sad loss I daily experience in
not having been grounded properly in Latin and Greek. I have gone on
with my education in these things more than many persons, but I can
never be a good scholar; I don't know what I would not give to have been
well taught as a boy. And then at Eton, any little taste one might have
had for languages, &c., was never called out.

My fault again, but I can't help thinking that it was partly because
the reason of a rule was never explained. Who ever taught in school the
difference between an aorist and a perfect, e.g.? And at college I was
never taught it, because it was assumed that I knew it. I know that
at ten, fifteen, or twenty, I should not in any case have gone into
languages as I do now. But I might have learnt a good deal, I think.
A thoroughly good preparatory school is, I dare say, very difficult to
find. I would make a great point, I think, to send a boy to a good
one; not to cram him or make a prig of him, but simply to give him the
advantage which will make his whole career in life different from what
it will be if his opening days pass by unimproved. Cool of me, Jem, to
write all this; but I think of this boy, and my boyish days, and what I
might have been, and am not.

'I was always shallow, learned things imperfectly, thought I knew a
thing when I knew scarce any part of it, scrawling off common-place
verses at Eton, and, unfortunately, getting sent up for them. I had a
character which passed at school and at home for that of a fair scholar.
Thence came my disgrace at being turned out of the select, my bad
examination for the Balliol scholarship, my taking only a second, &c.
Nothing was really known! Pretty quick in seizing upon a superficial
view of a matter, I had little patience or determination to thoroughly
master it. The fault follows me through life. I shall never, I fear, be
really accurate and able to think out a matter fully. The same fault I
see in my inner life. But it is not right to talk perhaps too much of
that, only I know that I get credit for much that I don't do, and
for qualities which I don't possess. This is simple truth, not false
humility. Some gifts I have, which, I thank God, I have been now taught
to employ with more or less of poverty in the service.'


The vessel that took away the above despatches brought the tidings of
New Zealand's beloved Primate being appointed to the See of Lichfield.
It was another great wrench to the affectionate heart, as will be seen
in this filial reply to the intelligence:--


'2nd Sunday in Lent, 10 P.M.

'My dear, dear Bishop,--I don't think I ever quite felt till now what
you have been to me for many a long year. Indeed, I do thank God that I
have been taught to know and dearly love you; and much I reproach myself
(not now for the first time) that I have been wilful, and pained you
much sometimes by choosing for myself when I ought to have followed your
choice. I could say much, but I can't say it now, and you don't desire
it. You know what I think and feel. Your letter of the 3rd reached me
last night. I don't yet realise what it is to me, but I think much more
still of those dear people at Taurarua. It is perfectly clear to my
mind that you could not have acted otherwise. I don't grudge you to the
Mother Church one atom!

'I write at this time because I think you may possibly be soon beginning
your first Ordination Service in your Cathedral. It was almost my first
thought when I began to think quietly after our 8 P.M. prayers. And I
pray for those whom you may be leading to their work, as so often you
have laid your hands on me. I understand Bishop Andrewes' [Greek text]
now.

'What it must have been to you and still is!...

'This move to Norfolk Island does make a great difference, no doubt. And
full well I know that your prayers will be around us; and that you will
do all that mortal man can do for us and for the islands. Indeed, you
must not trouble yourself about me too much. I shall often need you,
often sadly miss you, a just return for having undervalued the blessing
of your presence. But I do feel that it is right. I humbly pray and
trust that God's blessing may be on us all, and that a portion of your
spirit may be with us.

'More than ever affectionately yours,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The tidings had come simultaneously with the history of the Consecration
of All Saints, Babbicombe, for indeed the Bishop and Mrs. Selwyn were
staying with Joanna and Fanny Patteson for the Octave Services when
the first offer arrived. So that the two mails whose contents were
transported together to Norfolk Island contained matter almost
overwhelming for the brother and friend, and he had only one day in
which to write his answers. To the sisters the assurance is, 'Only be
quite comforted about me!' and then again, 'No, I don't grudge him one
bit. There is no room for small personal considerations when these great
issues are at stake.'

'I don't think I quite know yet what it is to me. I can't look at his
photograph with quite dry eyes yet. But I don't feel at all sad or
unhappy. You know the separation, if God, in His mercy, spare me at
last, can't be long; and his prayers are always around us, and he is
with us in spirit continually, and then it will be such joy and delight
to me to watch his work.

'I think with such thankfulness of the last Holy Week; the last Easter
Sunday spent wholly with him. I think too, and that sadly enough, of
having pained him sometimes by being self-willed, and doing just what he
has not done, viz., chosen for myself when I ought to have followed him.

'Do you remember when, on the morning of Mamma's death, we came into the
study where Uncle and Aunt Frank were, and our dear Father in his great
faith and resignation said, with broken voice, "I thank God, who spared
her to me so long"? Surely I may with far greater ease say, "I thank God
for the blessing for now thirteen, years of his example and loving care
of me." Had he been taken away by death we must have borne it, and we
can bear this now by His grace.'

The thought engrossed him most completely. It is plain in all his
letters that it was quite an effort to turn his mind to anything but the
approaching change. His Primate had truly been a 'Father in God' to him.
His affections had wound themselves about him and Mrs. Selwyn, and the
society that they formed together with Sir William and Lady Martin had
become the next thing to his home and family. Above all, the loneliness
of sole responsibility was not complete while the Primate was near to
be consulted. There had been an almost visible loss of youth and
playfulness ever since the voyages had been made without the leader
often literally at the helm; and though Bishop Patteson had followed his
own judgment in two decided points--the removal to Norfolk Island, and
the use of Mota language instead of English, and did not repent having
done so, yet still the being left with none to whom to look up as an
authority was a heavy trial and strain on mind and body, and brought on
another stage in that premature age that the climate and constant toil
were bringing upon him when most men are still in the fulness of their
strength.

The next letter spoke the trouble that was to mark the early part of the
year 1868 as one of sickness and sorrow.


'Our two Ambrym boys are coming out; and I am hopeful as to some more
decided connection with the north face of the Island. Mahaga lads
very promising, but at present Banks Islanders much ahead of the rest.
Indeed, of some of them, I may say that while they have no knowledge of
many things that an English lad ought to know, yet they have a very fair
share of intelligence concentrated on the most important subject, and
know a good deal about it. They think.'

Then follows a working out of one of the difficult questions that always
beset missionaries respecting the heathen notions--or no notions--about
wedlock. Speaking of the persons concerned, the journal continues:--

'They were not able to understand--and how can a man and woman, or
rather a girl and boy, understand--what we understand by marriage.
They always saw men and women exchanging husbands and wives when they
pleased, and grew up in the midst of such ideas and practices, so that
there never was a regular contract, nor a regularly well-conceived and
clearly-understood notion of living together till "death us do part" in
their minds. You will say, "And yet they were baptized." Yes, but I did
not know so much about heathen ways then, and, besides, read St. Paul
to the Corinthians, and see how the idea of sanctity of marriage, and
of chastity in general is about the last idea that the heathen mind
comprehends. Long after the heathen know that to break the sixth,
eighth, even the ninth and tenth Commandments is wrong, and can
understand and practically recognise it to be so, the seventh is a
puzzle to them. At the best they only believe it because we say that it
is a Commandment of God. Look at the Canons of the early Church on the
question; look how Luther sanctioned the polygamy, the double marriage,
of the Landgrave of Hesse! So that although now, thank God, our scholars
understand more of what is meant by living with a woman, and the
relation of husband and wife is not altogether strange to them, yet
it was not so at first, and is not likely to be so with any but our
well-trained scholars for a long time.'


'Norfolk Island: March 26, 1868. 'My dearest Sisters,--How you are
thinking of me this anniversary? Thirteen years since I saw your dear
faces and his face. Oh! how thankful I am that it is so long ago. It
was very hard to bear for a long long time. Last night as I lay awake
I thought of that last Sunday, the words I said in church (how absurdly
consequential they seem to me now), the walk home, calling to see C. L.,
parting with the Vicar and M., the last evening--hearts too full to say
what was in them, the sitting up at night and writing notes. And then
black Monday! Well, I look back now and see that it was very hard at
first, and I don't deny that I found the mere bodily roughnesses very
trying at first, but that has long past. My present mode of life is
agreeable to me altogether now. Servants and company would be a very
great bore indeed. So even in smaller ways, you see, I have all that I
can desire. I always try to remember that I may miss these things, and
specially miss you if it should please God to send any heavy sickness
upon me. I dare say I should be very impatient, and need kind soothing
nurses. But I must hope for the best.

'Just now we have some anxiety. There has been and is a bad typhoid
fever among the Pitcairners: want of cleanliness, no sewerage, or very
bad draining, crowded rooms, no ventilation, the large drain choked up,
a dry season, so that the swampy ground near the settlement has been
dry, these are secondary causes. For two months it has been going on. I
never anticipated such a disease here.

'But the fever is bad. Last night two died, both young women of about
twenty. Two, one a married man of thirty, with five children, the other
a girl of twelve, had died before. I have been backwards and forwards,
but no one else of the party. The poor people like to see me. For three
weeks I have felt some anxiety about four or five of our lads, and they
have been with me in my room. I don't like the symptoms of one or two of
them. But it is not yet a clear case of the fever.'


'Easter Eve.--Dear Sisters, once more I write out of a sick hospital.
This typhoid fever, strongly marked, as described in Dr. Watson's books,
Graye's edition of Hooper's "Vade Mecum," and, as a very solemn lesson
of Lent and Holy Week, seven Pitcairners have died. For many weeks the
disease did not touch us; we established a regular quarantine, and used
all precautions. We had, I think, none of the predisposing causes of
fever at our place. It is high, well-drained, clean, no dirt near,
excellent water, and an abundant supply of it; but I suppose the whole
air is impregnated with it. Anyhow, the fever is here.

'April 23rd.--My house consists, you know, of Chapel, my rooms, and
hospital. This is the abode of the sick and suspected. The hospital is
a large, lofty, well-ventilated room; a partition, 6 feet high, only
divides it into two; on one side are the sick, on the other side sleep
those who are sickening.

'As yet twenty have been in my quarters. Of these seven are now in
Codrington's house, half-way between hospital and ordinary school life.
They are convalescents, real convalescents. You know how much so-called
convalescents need care in recovering from fever, but these seven have
had the fever very slightly indeed, thank God; the type of the disease
is much less severe than it was at first. One lad of about sixteen, Hofe
from Ysabel Island, died last Friday morning. The fever came on him with
power from the first. He was very delirious for some days, restless,
sleepless, then comatose. The symptoms are so very clearly marked, and
my books are so clear in detail of treatment, that we don't feel much
difficulty now about the treatment, and the nursery and hospital work we
are pretty well used to.

'Barasu, from Ysabel Island, who was near dying on Thursday week, a
fortnight ago to-day, has hovered between life and death. I baptized him
at 9 P.M. on Holy Thursday (the anniversary of Mr. Keble's death). John
Keble: rather presumptuous to give such a name, but I thought he would
not have been named here by it for many hours. He is now sitting by the
hospital fire. I have just fed him with some rice and milk; and he is
well enough to ask for a bit of sweet potato, which he cannot yet hold,
nor guide his hand to his mouth. He has had the regular fever, and is
now, thank God, becoming convalescent. No other patient is at present
in a dangerous state; all have the fever signs more or less doubtful. No
one is at present in a precarious state. It has been very severe in
the town, and there are many cases yet. Partly it is owing to the utter
ignorance or neglect of the most ordinary rules of caution and nursing.
Children and men and women all lie on the ground together in the fever
or out of it. The contagion fastens upon one after another. In Isaac
Christian's house, the mother and five children were all at one time in
a dangerous state, wandering, delirious, comatose. Yet the mortality has
been small. Only seven have died; some few are still very ill, yet the
character of the fever is less severe now. We had some sharp hospital
work for a few days and nights, all the accompaniments of the decay of
our frail bodies. Now we have a respite. Codrington, Palmer, and I take
the nursing; better that the younger ones, always more liable to take
fever, should be kept out of contagion; to no one but I have gone among
the sick in town, or to town at all. We are all quite well.

'Beef tea, chicken broth, mutton broth, wine, brandy, milk to any
extent, rice, &c.--Palmer manufactures all. The Pitcairners, most
improvident people, are short of all necessary stores. I give what I
can, but I must be stingy, as I tell them, for I never anticipated an
attack of typhus here. They will, I trust, learn a lesson from it, and
not provoke a recurrence of it by going on in their old ways.

'I don't deny that at times I have been a good deal depressed: about
Holy Week and Easter Week was the worst time. Things are much brighter
now; though I fully expect that several others, perhaps many others,
will yet have the attack, but I trust and fancy it may be only in a
modified form. We have regular Chapel and school, but the school is a
mild affair now; I who am only in bed from 12.30 or 1 to 5, and in the
hospital all day, cannot be very bright in school. I just open a little
bit of my red baize door into Chapel, so that the sick in my room join
in the service. Nice, is it not?

'This will greatly unsettle plans for the voyage. The "Southern Cross"
is expected here about May 10; but I can't leave any sick that may want
my care then, and I can't take back to the islands any that are only
just convalescent, or indeed any of the apparently healthy who may yet
have the seeds of the fever in them. It would be fearful if it broke out
on the islands. I must run no risk of that; so I think that very likely
I may keep the whole party here another year, and make myself a short
visitation. I suppose that the Bishop will come to New Zealand, and I
must try to meet him; I should like to see his face once more; but if
he doesn't come, or if I can't (by reason of this sickness) go to meet
him--well, I shall be spared the parting if I don't have the joy of the
meeting, and these things are not now what they once were.

'April 28th.--Barasu (John Keble) died this morning as I read the
Commendatory Prayer by his side. He had a relapse some five days ago,
how we cannot say, he was always watched day and night. I had much
comfort in him, he was a dear lad, and our most hopeful Ysabel scholar.
His peaceful death, for it was very peaceful at the last, may work
more than his life would have done; some twenty others convalescent, or
ailing, or sick. At this moment another comes to say that he feels out
of sorts; you know that sensation, and how one's heart seems to stop for
a minute, and then one tries to look and speak cheerfully.

'April 29th.--I read the Service over another child to-day, son of James
and Priscilla Quintall, the second child they have lost within a few
days, and Priscilla herself is lying ill of the fever. Poor people, I
did what little I could to comfort them; the poor fellow is laid up
too with a bad foot; a great many others are very ill, some young ones
especially.

'May 5th.--Jemima Young sent for me yesterday morning. I was with her
the day before, and she was very ill. I reached the room at 11.45, and
she died at noon. [Jemima Young had been particularly bright, pleasant,
and helpful when Mrs. Selwyn was on the island].

'May 7th.--The sick ones doing pretty well. You must not think it is all
gloom, far from it, there is much to cheer and comfort us. The hearty
co-operation of these excellent fellow-workers is such a support, and is
brought out at such times.

'We are going on with divers works, but not very vigorously just now. We
are sawing the timber for our large hall: the building still to be put
up, and then our arrangements will be complete for the present.

'Then our fencing goes on. We have one large field of some ninety or one
hundred acres enclosed, the sea and a stream bounding two sides, and two
other fields of about forty and twenty acres. I have good cart mares and
one cart horse, a riding mare which I bought of Mr. Pritt, and Atkin has
one also, eleven cows, and as many calves, poultry (sadly destroyed
by wild cats) and pigs, and two breeding sows, and a flock of fifty
well-bred sheep imported. These cost me £4. 10s. a head; I hope they
are the progenitors of a fine flock. The ram cost £12. We have plenty
of work, and must go on fencing and subdividing our fields. Most of
the land is wooded; but a considerable quantity can easily be cleared.
Indeed 200 or 300 acres are clear now of all but some smaller stuff
that can easily be removed. A thick couch-grass covers all. It is not
so nutritious as the ordinary English grasses; but cattle, sheep, and
horses like it, only a larger quantity is needed by each animal. It
gives trouble when one wants to break it up, it is such a network of
roots; but once out of the ground and the soil clear, and it will grow
anything. Our crops of sweet potatoes are excellent. The ordinary potato
does very well too; and maize, vegetables of all sorts, many fruit
trees, all the semi-tropical things, capitally; guavas by the thousand,
and very soon I hope oranges; lemons now by thousands, melons almost a
weed, bananas abundant; by-and-by coffee, sugar-cane, pineapples (these
last but small), arrowroot of excellent quality. Violets from my
bed, and mignonette from Palmer's, scent my room at this minute. The
gardeners, Codrington, Palmer, and Atkin, are so kind in making me
tidy, devising little arrangements for my little plot of ground, and my
comfort and pleasure generally. Well, that is a nice little chat with
you. Now it is past 8 P.M., and the mutton broth for Clement and Mary is
come. I must feed my chicks. Excellent patients they are, as good as can
be. They don't make the fuss that I did in my low fever when I was so
savage with your doves that would go on cooing at my window, don't you
remember?

'My dear Bishop will be touched by the confidence in him shown by
his late Diocesan Synod in entrusting to him the nomination of his
successor. It was clearly the right thing to do. As for me, no one who
knows anything about it or me would dream of removing me from Melanesia,
as long as I have health and strength, and still less of putting me into
another diocese. When I break down, or give up, it will not be to hold
any other office, as I think.

'May 8th.--All going on pretty well, thank God. Mary is weak, but I
think better; did not wander last night. Clement, with strong typhoid
symptoms, yet, at all events, not worse. But he is a very powerful,
thickset fellow, not a good subject for fever. I feel that I am
beginning to recover my interest in things in general, books, &c. For
two months I was entirely occupied with hospital work, and with visiting
daily the sick Pitcairners, and I was weary and somewhat worn out. Now I
am better in mind and body; some spring in me again. This may be to
fit me for more trials in store; but I think that the sunshine has come
again.'

There were, however, two more deaths--the twins of Mwerlau. Clement died
on the 24th of May; the other brother, Richard, followed him a fortnight
later. They were about seventeen, strong and thick-set; Clement had made
considerable progress during his two years of training, and had been
a Communicant since Christmas. Before passing to the other topics with
which, as the Bishop said, he could again be occupied, here is Mr.
Codrington's account of this period of trouble:--

'A great break in the first year was caused by the visitation of typhus
fever in the earlier part of 1868. This disease, brought as I always
believed by infection from a vessel that touched here, first attacked a
Norfolk Islander who did not live in the town. He was ill in the middle
of February, others of the Pitcairn people soon after. The Bishop began
at once to visit the sick very diligently, and continued to visit them
throughout, though after a time our own hospital was full. Our first
case was on the llth of March, and our last convalescents did not go out
until near the end of June. For some time there was hard work to be
done with nursing the sick. The Bishop had the anxiety and the charge
of medically treating the sick. Mr. Nobbs, as always, was most kind in
giving the benefit of his experience, but he was too fully occupied with
the care of his own flock to be able to help us much. It was agreed, as
soon as we saw the disease was among us, that the three elder members of
the Mission should alone come into communication with the sick. We kept
watch in turns, but the Bishop insisted on taking a double share, i.e.,
he allowed us only to take regular watches in the night, undertaking the
whole of the day's work, except during the afternoon when he was away
with the Pitcairn people. He seemed quite at home in the hospital,
almost always cheerful, always very tender, and generally very decided
as to what was to be done. He was fond of doctoring, read a good deal of
medical books, and knew a good deal of medical practice; but the weight
of such a responsibility as belonged to the charge of many patients in a
fever of this kind was certainly heavy upon him. The daily visit to the
Pitcairn people on foot or on horseback was no doubt a relief, though
hard work in itself. Of the four lads we lost, two, twins, had been some
time christened, one was baptized before his death, the first who died
had not been long with the Mission. It is characteristic of Bishop
Patteson that I never heard him say a word that I remember of religion
to one of the sick. On such things he would not, unless he was obliged,
speak except with the patient alone.

'Before the sickness was quite over, the "Southern Cross" arrived for
the winter voyage. The danger of carrying infection to the islands could
not be incurred, and the vessel was sent back to Auckland for a time.'

The letters she carried back refer again to the growing anxiety about
the 'labour traffic.'

'May 6th.--I am corresponding with a Wesleyan Missionary in Ovalau
(Fiji) on a matter that you may see mentioned some day in the papers, a
very questionable practice of importing from the Southern New Hebrides
(principally Tanna) natives to work on the cotton plantations of white
settlers in Fiji. It is all, as I am assured, under the regulation of
the Consul at Ovalau, and "managed" properly. But I feel almost sure
that there is, or will be, injuries done to the natives, who (I am sure)
are taken away under false pretences. The traders don't know the Tannese
language, and have no means of making the people understand any terms,
and to talk of any contract is absurd. Yet, a large number of Tanna men,
living on really well-conducted plantations, owned by good men, might
lead to a nucleus of Christian Tannese. So says Mr. M. True, say I, if
(!) you can find the good planters and well-conducted plantations. Mr.
M. assures me that they (the Wesleyan Missionaries) are watching the
whole thing carefully. He writes well and sensibly on the whole, and
kindly asks me to visit his place, and judge for myself.

'Tanna is in the hands of the Nova Scotia Presbyterians--Mr. Greddie,
Inglis, and others; but the adjacent islands we have always visited and
considered ours, and of course a plague of this kind soon spreads.
My letter to Mr. Attwood on the matter was read by Sir John Young and
Commodore Lambert, and they expressed a warm interest in the matter. Mr.
M. says that they think it would be well to accept some rule of conduct
in the matter from the Commodore, which is, I think, likely to do good.'

By the 15th of June the glad intelligence was received that the hospital
had been empty for a fortnight; and the house that was to have been
carried to Mota was put up for the married couples, for whom it afforded
separate sleeping rooms, though the large room was in common. Two
weddings were preparing, and B---- and his wife had become reconciled.

'We may hope that this time it is not a case of two children, then
unbaptized, living together, heathen fashion, obeying mere passion,
ignorant of true love, but a sober, somewhat sad reunion of two clever
and fairly-educated grown-up people, knowing much of life and its sad
experience, understanding what they are about, and trying to begin again
with prayer to God and purposes of a good life.'

This time of convalescence was a time of great progress. A deep
impression had been made on many, and there was a strong spirit of
enquiry among them. The Bishop then began a custom of preaching to his
black scholars alone after the midday service, dismissing his five or
six white companions after prayers, because he felt he could speak
more freely and go more straight to the hearts of his converts and
catechumens if he had no other audience.

The other inhabitants of the island suffered long after the St. Barnabas
scholars were free, and deaths continued. It was impossible to enforce
on such an undisciplined race the needful attention to cleanliness, or
even care of the sick; the healthy were not kept apart, nor was the food
properly prepared for the sick. It was impossible to stir or convince
the easy-going tropical nature, and there was no authority to enforce
sanitary measures, so the fever smouldered on, taking first one, then
another victim, and causing entire separation from St. Barnabas, except
as far as the Bishop was concerned.

Meantime, a house was being put up to receive Mr. Palmer's intended
wife, the daughter of that Mr. Ashwell who had shared in the disastrous
voyage when the 'Southern Cross' had been wrecked. She had been brought
up to Mission work, and was likely to be valuable among the young girls.
After this announcement, the Bishop continues:--

'My mind is now made up to take the great step of ordaining dear George
Sarawia, for nine years my pupil, and for the last three or four my
friend and helper. Codrington is only surprised that he is not ordained
already. Humanly speaking, there can be no doubt of his steadfastness.
He is, indeed, a thoroughly good conscientious man, humble without
servility, friendly and at his ease without any forwardness, and he has
a large share of good sense and clear judgment. Moreover, he has long
held a recognised position with all here and in New Zealand, and for the
last two years the Mota people and the neighbouring islanders have quite
regarded him as one whom they recognise as their leader and teacher, one
of our own race, yet not like us--different; he knows and does what we
can't do and don't know.

'They quite look upon him as free from all the difficulties which attend
a man's position as inheriting feuds, animosities, &c. He goes anywhere;
when the island may be in a disturbed state, no one would hurt him; he
is no partisan in their eyes, a man of other habits and thoughts and
character, a teacher of all.

'I think, oh! with such feelings of thankfulness and hope too, of
the first Melanesian clergyman! I should almost like to take him to
Auckland, that the Bishop might ordain him; but he ought to be ordained
here, in the presence of the Melanesians; and in the hasty confusion of
the few weeks in New Zealand, George would be at a sad loss what to do,
and the month of October is cold and raw. But you may get this just in
time to think of his Ordination, and how you will pray for him! His
wife Sara is a weakly body, but good, and she and I are, and always
have been, great friends. She has plenty of good sense. Their one
child, Simon, born in Norfolk Island some fourteen months ago, is a very
nice-looking child, and healthy enough.

Meantime the spirit of enquiry and faith was making-marked progress.
Mr. Codrington says: 'The stir in the hearts and minds of those already
christened might be called a revival, and the enquiring and earnest
spirit of many more seemed to be working towards conversions. During
this time, there might be seen on the cliff or under the trees in the
afternoon, or on Sundays, little groups gathered round some of the elder
Christians, enquiring and getting help. It was the work that George
evidently was enabled to do in this way that convinced everyone that the
time had quite come for his Ordination. It is worth mentioning that
the boys from one island, and one individual in particular, were much
influenced by the last conversations of the first Christian who died
here (Walter Hotaswol), who had told his friends to be "sure that all
the Bishop had told them was true."'

This quickening and its results are further described in the ensuing
letter, wherein is mention of the Bauro man Taroniara, the most
remarkable of the present conversions, and destined three years after to
die with the Bishop and Mr. Atkin.


'June 20, 9 P.M., 1868.

'My dear Sisters,--You know how I am thinking of him to-day. Seven years
ago! I think that he seems more and more present to my mind than ever.
How grateful it is to me to find the dear Bishop ever recurring to
him in his sermons, &c.; but indeed we all have the great blessing and
responsibility of being his children. The thought of meeting him again,
if God be so merciful, comes over me sometimes in an almost overpowering
way: I quite seem to see and feel as if kneeling by his side before the
Great Glory, and even then thinking almost most of him. And then, so
many others too--Mamma, Uncle James, Frank, &c., and you, dear Joan,
think of your dear Mother. It seems almost too much. And then the mind
goes on to think of the Saints of God in every generation, from one
of the last gathered in (dear Mr. Keble) to the very first; and as we
realise the fact that we may, by God's wonderful mercy, be companions,
though far beneath the feet, of Patriarchs, and Apostles, and Martyrs,
and even see Him as He is--it is too great for thought! and yet, thank
God, it is truth.

'My heart is full too of other blessed thoughts. There seems to be a
stirring of heart among our present set of scholars, the younger ones I
mean; they come into my room after evening Chapel and school, one or
two at a time, but very shy, sit silent, and at last say very softly,
"Bishop, I wish to stop here for good."

'"Why?"

'"I do wish to be good, to learn, to be like George and Henry and the
rest."

'This morning I baptized Charlotte and Joanna. Charlotte will be married
to Fisher on Wednesday, when Benjamin and Marion will also be married.
Oh, what blessings are these! I spoke earnestly of the service in my
preachment.

'Taroniara, from San Cristoval, said to me the other night, "Bishop,
why is it that now I think as I never thought before? I can't tell quite
what I think. You know I used to be willing to learn, but I was easily
led away on my own island; but I think that I shall never wish again
to listen to anything but the Word of God. I know I may be wrong, but I
think I shall never be inclined to listen to anything said to me by
my people to keep me from you and from this teaching. I feel quite
different: I like and wish for things I never really used to care for; I
don't care for what I used to like and live for. What is it?"

'"What do you think it is?"

'"I think--but it is so (mava) great--I think it is the Spirit of God in
my heart."

'As for the Mota and Matlavo fellows, and the girls too, they have now
good examples before them, and one and all wish to stop here as long
as I please. And that being so, the return to their homes not being
a return to purely heathen islands, I trust that they may soon be
baptized. So my heart is full of thankfulness and wonder and awe.

'All this time I write with a full sense of the uncertainty of this and
every human work. I know the Bishop is preaching on failures, and I try
to think he is preaching to me.

'July 2nd, 8 A.M.--My dear Sisters, what a day we had yesterday! so
full of happiness and thankfulness. It was the wedding-day of Fisher and
Charlotte, Benjamin and Marion.

'The chapel was so prettily dressed up by Mr. Codrington and Mr. Bice,
under whose instructions some of the lads made evergreen ornaments, &c.,
large white arums and red flowers also.

'At 7 A.M. Morning-Prayers, as usual. At 9.30 the wedding. All the
Melanesians in their places in Chapel; and as we came into the Chapel
from my room, the 100th Psalm was chanted capitally. Mr. Codrington said
he never was present at so thoroughly devotional a wedding. It was a
really solemn religious service.

'Then I gave good presents to everyone in the school, even the smallest
boys came in for a knife, beads, &c. Then cricket, for the day was
beautifully fine, though it is midwinter. And all sorts of fun we
had. Then a capital dinner, puddings, &c. Then cricket, running races,
running in sacks (all for prizes), then a great tea, 7 P.M. Chapel,
then native dances by a great bonfire. Then at 10 P.M. hot coffee and
biscuits, then my little speech, presenting all our good wishes to the
married couples, and such cheering, I hope it may be well remembered.
The deeper feeling of it all is bearing fruit. Already lads and young
men from the Solomon Islands say, "We begin to see what is meant by a
man and woman living together." The solemnity of the service struck them
much.

'The bridegrooms wore their Sunday dresses, nice tidy trousers of dark
tweed, Crimean shirt, collar and tie, and blue serge coat. The brides,
white jackets trimmed with a bit of red, white collar and blue skirts.
All the answers quietly and reverently made; the whole congregation
answering "Amen" to the word of blessing in an unmistakeable way. The
67th Psalm was chanted, of course.

'My plan is to have Psalms, with reading and singing to suit each day,
regarded as commemorative of the great facts and doctrines, so that
every week we read in chapel about forty Psalms, and sing about twelve
hymns. These are pretty well known by heart, and form already a very
considerable stock of Scriptural reference. The Resurrection and the
Gift of the Spirit, the Nativity, Manifestation, Betrayal, Ascension,
Crucifixion, Burial, with the doctrines connected with them, come in
this way every week before their minds. I translated Psalms chosen with
reference to this plan, and wrote hymns, &c. in the same way.

'I wish you could have been with us yesterday. It was really a
strikingly solemn service. Then our fortnightly 7 A.M. Communions, our
daily 7 A.M. and 7 P.M. Services, our Baptisms, yes and our burials too,
all are so quiet, and there is so much reverence. You see that they have
never learnt bad habits. A Melanesian scholar wouldn't understand how
one could pray in any other posture than kneeling.

'The evening Catechumen classes, so happy. And then the dear fellows at
their private prayers. The Chapel is always open, you know, and in the
early morning and late evening little knots of three and four, or eight
and ten, are kneeling about, quietly saying their prayers. The sick
lads--dear Clement and Richard who died--as long as they could move,
knelt up in hospital to say their prayers, and all but quite the new
comers did the same. It was touching to see them, weak and in much pain,
yet I did not of course tell them that they might as well pray as they
lay on their rugs. Better for them even if it did a little exhaust them.
It is no mere formal observance of a rule, for there never has been any
rule about it. I have given them short simple prayers, and they first
learn to kneel down with me here in my room, or with Codrington in his
room, &c. But I merely said (long ago at Kohimarama), "You know you can
always go into the Chapel whenever you like."

'Sometimes I do wish you could see them; but then unless you could talk
with them, and indeed unless you knew the Melanesian mind and nature,
you couldn't estimate these things rightly.

'But never did I feel so hopeful, though my old text is ever in my mind,
Isaiah lx. 5: "Thine heart shall fear, and be enlarged." That's exactly
it.

'July 18th.--To-morrow I baptize Taroniara, of San Cristoval, a young
man full of promise. He has a wife and little girl of about four years
old. He may become, by God's blessing, the teacher of the people of his
island.'

(From a letter of the same date to myself, I add the further particulars
about one who was to teach by his death instead of his life, and for
whom the name of the first martyr was chosen):--

'He has been with me for some years, always good and amiable; but too
good-natured, too weak, so that he did not take a distinct line with his
people. He is a person of some consequence in his neighbourhood. Now
he gives all the proofs that can well be given of real sincerity. He
wonders himself, as he contrasts his present with his former thoughts.
I feel, humanly speaking, quite convinced that he is thoroughly in
earnest. His wife and little child are in the islands. "How foolish of
me not to have listened to you, and brought them here at once. Then we
could stop here for good." But he will return with them, all being well,
or without them, if anything has happened to them, and I see in him, as
I hope and pray, the pioneer for San Cristoval at last.

'(Resuming the home letter.) The language of Mota now is beginning to be
a very fair channel for communicating accurate theological teaching.
We have, of course, to a large extent made it so by assigning deeper
meanings to existing words (we have introduced very few words). This is
the case in every language. On Sunday night, if you had been here, and
been able to understand my teaching on St. John vi. to the Communicants,
you would have been surprised, I think. Something of Hooker's fifth book
was being readily taken in by several of those present. An Old Testament
history they don't learn merely as certain events. They quickly take up
the meaning, the real connection. I use the "Sunday Teaching," or work
them at all events on that plan. Well, you mustn't say too much of the
bright side of the picture. It is so easy to misunderstand.

'The time has been bad for our "lambing." We have thirty-five lambs,
looking well, and have lost, I think, nine. Yesterday a great event
occurred. One of the cart-mares foaled; great was the satisfaction of
the Melanesians at the little filly. Calves are becoming too common, as
we have now fourteen or fifteen cows, and five more are owing to us for
goods which the people take in exchange--not money, which would not suit
them as well. We have fenced in plenty of grass, and I don't wan't to
pay any more for keep. Of course, we use a good deal of salt beef
on shore here, as well as seek to supply the "Southern Cross" on her
voyages.

'It is pleasant to walk about and see the farm and gardens thriving.
All being well, we shall have some 300 bananas next year, lots of
sugar-canes; many fruit trees are being planted, pine-apples, coffee,
&c. Guavas grow here like weeds. I don't care for these things; but the
others do, and of course the scholars rejoice in them.

'I think of the islands, and see them in my waking dreams, and it seems
as if nothing was done. But I think again of what it was only a very
short time ago, and oh! I do feel thankful indeed, and amazed, and
almost fearful. I should like much, if I am alive and well, to see my
way to spending more of my time on the islands. But the careful training
of picked scholars for future missionaries is, I am sure, the most
important part of our work (though it must be combined as much as
possible with residence in the islands). If I could feel that the school
was well able to get on without me, I would be off to the islands for
a good spell. On the other hand, I feel most strongly that my chief
business is to make such provision as I may for the multiplication of
native missionaries, and the future permanent development and extension
of the Mission; and to do this, our best scholars must be carefully
trained, and then we may hope to secure a competent staff of native
clergymen for the islands.

'Mind, I am not disposed to act in a hasty way. Only I don't mean to
let conventional notions about an English clergyman hinder my providing
Melanesian islands with a Melanesian ministry. These scholars of ours
know very much more, and I imagine possess qualifications of all
kinds for their work in Melanesia, greater than the majority of the
missionaries in the old missionary times.

'How many men did good work who could hardly read, only repeat a few
portions of the Service-book, &c.!

'I need not say that we wish to educate them up to the maximum point
of usefulness for their practical work. But, given earnestness and
steadfastness of character, a fair amount of teaching power, and a sound
knowledge of fundamental truths, of the Church Services, and the meaning
and spirit of the Prayer-book, and we may surely trust that, by God's
grace, they may execute the office of the Ministry to the glory of God,
and the edification of the Church.

'They have now in Mota, in print, St. Luke, the Acts; soon will have St.
John, which is all ready; the Prayer-book, save some of the Psalms, and
a few other small portions. And in MS. they have a kind of manual of
the Catechism, abstract of the Books of the Old Testament, papers on
Prophecy, &c., &c. All this work, once done in Mota, is, without very
much labour, to be transferred into Bauro, Mahaga, Mara, &c., &c. as I
hope; but that is in the future.'

In the birthday letter to his sister Fanny, his chilly nature confesses
that August cold was making itself felt; and it was becoming time for
him to make a journey to the settled world, both on account of a small
tumour under his eyelid, and of the state of his teeth. Moreover, no
letters from home had reached him since the 2nd of March. But he writes
on the 7th of September to his brother:--

'This does not a bit distress me. I like the freedom from all external
excitement. It gives me uninterrupted time from my own work; and the
world does not suffer from my ignorance of its proceedings. How you
exist with all the abominations of daily papers, I can't imagine. Your
life in England seems to be one whirl and bustle, with no real time for
quiet thought and patient meditation, &c. And yet men do think and do
great things, and it doesn't wear them out soon either. Witness Bishops
and Judges, &c., living to eighty and even ninety in our own days.

'I like quiet and rest, and no railroads and no daily posts; and, above
all, no visitors, mere consumers of time, mere idlers and producers of
idleness. So, without any post, and nothing but a cart on wheels, save
a wheelbarrow, and no visitors, and no shops, I get on very happily and
contentedly. The life here is to me, I must confess, luxurious, because
I have what I like, great punctuality, early hours, regular school work,
regular reading, very simple living; the three daily meals in hall take
about seventy minutes all put together, and so little time is lost; and
then the climate is delightful. Too cold now, but then I ought to be in
the islands. The thermometer has been as low as 56° in my room; and I
am standing in my room and writing now with my great coat on, the
thermometer being 67°.

'You know that I am not cut out for society, never was at my ease in
it, and am glad to be out of it. I am seldom at my ease except among
Melanesians: they and my books are my best companions. I never feel the
very slightest desire for the old life. You know how I should like to
see you dear ones, and...[others by name] but I couldn't stand more than
a week in England, if I could transplant myself there in five minutes!
I don't think this augurs any want of affection; but I have grown into
this life; I couldn't change it without a most unpleasant wrench.'

The letter was at this point, when the 'Southern Cross' arrived, on
September 10, to carry off the Bishop and Mr. Palmer: the one to the
General Synod, and to take leave of his most loved and venerated friend;
the other, to fetch his bride.

He arrived on the 18th of the month, looking ill, and much worn and even
depressed, more so than Lady Martin had ever seen him, for the coming
parting pressed heavily upon him. The eye and teeth were operated upon
without loss of time, and successfully; but this, with the cold of the
voyage, made him, in his own word, 'shaky,' and it was well that he was
a guest at Taurarua, with Lady Martin to take care of him, feed him on
food not solid, and prevent him on the ensuing Sunday from taking more
than one of the three services which had been at once proffered to him.

It was no small plunge from the calm of St. Barnabas. 'We agree,' said
Lady Martin, in a note within his envelope, 'that we cannot attempt to
write letters just now. We are in a whirl, mental and bodily; one bit
of blue sky has just shown itself, viz. that Coley may possibly stay on
with us for a week or two after the Selwyns have left us. This really is
proeter spem, and I mean to think that it will come to pass.'

But in all this bustle, he found time to enclose a kind little note to
me; showing his sympathy with the sorrow of that summer, in my mother's
illness:--


'Auckland. October 3, 1868.

'I add one line, my dear Cousin, to assure you of my prayers being
offered for you, now more especially when a heavy trial is upon you and
a deep sorrow awaiting you. May God comfort and bless you! Perhaps the
full experience of such anxiety and the pressure of a constant weight
may, in His good Providence, qualify you more than ever to help others
by words put into your mouth out of your own heart-felt troubles.

'Yet in whatever form the sorrow comes, there is the blessing of knowing
that she is only being mysteriously prepared for the life of the world
to come. There is no real sorrow where there is no remorse, nor misery
for the falling away of those we love. You have, I dare say, known (as
I have) some who have the bitterness of seeing children turn out badly,
and this is the sorrow that breaks one down.'

It was during these spring days of October, that last Sunday before the
final parting, that being hindered by pouring rain from going with
the Primate, who was holding a farewell service with the sick at the
hospital, Bishop Patteson said the prayers in the private chapel. After
these were ended (Lady Martin says), 'he spoke a few words to us.
He spoke of our Lord standing on the shore of the Lake after His
Resurrection; and he carried us, and I think himself too, out of the
heaviness of sorrow into a region of peace and joy, where all conflict
and partings and sin shall cease for ever. It was not only what he said,
but the tones of his musical voice, and expression of peace on his own
face, that hushed us into a great calm. One clergyman, who was present,
told Sir William Martin that he had never known anything so wonderful.
The words were like those of an inspired man.

'Three days after, our dear friends sailed. I will not dwell on the
last service at St. Paul's Church, when more than four hundred persons
received the Holy Communion, where were four Bishops administering
in the body of the church and the transepts; but in the chancel, the
Primate and his beloved son in the faith were partaking together for the
last time of the Bread of Life.

'From the Church we accompanied our beloved friends to the ship, and
drove back on a cold, dry evening, a forlorn party, to the desolate
house. But from that time dear Bishop Patteson roused himself from his
natural depression (for to whom could the loss be greater than to him?)
and set himself to cheer and comfort us all. How gentle and sympathising
he was! He let me give him nourishing things, even wine--which he had
long refused to take--because I told him Mrs. Selwyn wished him to have
it. Many hearts were drooping, and he no longer shrank from society, but
went about from one to another in the kindest manner. I do not know how
we could have got on without him. He loved to talk of the Bishop. In his
humility he seemed to feel as if any power of usefulness in himself had
been gained from him. It was like him to think of our Auckland poor at
this time. They would so miss the Bishop and Mrs. Selwyn. He prayed me
to draw £50 a year for the next year or two, to be spent in any way I
should think best. And he put it as a gift from his dear Father, who
would have wished that money of his invested here should be used in part
for the good of the townspeople. This did not include his subscriptions
to the Orphan Home and other charities.'

To make his very liberal gifts in time of need in the name of his
Father, was his favourite custom; as his former fellow-labourer, the
Rev. B. T. Dudley, found when a case of distress in his own parish in
the Canterbury Settlement called forth this ready assistance.

Perhaps the young Church of New Zealand has never known so memorable or
so sorrowful a day as that which took from her her first Bishop: a day
truly to be likened to that when the Ephesians parted with their Apostle
at Miletus. The history of this parting Bishop Patteson had himself to
read on Saturday, October 17, the twenty-seventh anniversary of Bishop
Selwyn's Consecration. It was at the Celebration preceding the last
meeting of the Synod, when Collect, Epistle, and Gospel were taken from
the Order for the Consecration of Bishops; and as the latter says,--'He
has always told me to officiate with him, and I had, by his desire, to
read Acts xx. for the Epistle. I did read it without a break-down, but
it was hard work.' Then followed the Sunday, before described by Lady
Martin; and on Tuesday the 20th, that service in St. Mary's--the parting
feast:--

'Then,' writes the younger Bishop, 'the crowded streets and wharf, for
all business was suspended, public offices and shops shut, no power of
moving about the wharf, horses taken from the carriage provided for the
occasion, as a mixed crowd of English and Maoris drew them to the wharf.
Then choking words and stifled efforts to say, "God bless you," and so
we parted!

'It is the end of a long chapter. I feel as if "my master was taken from
my head."

'Ah! well, they are gone, and we will try to do what we can.

'I feel rather no-how, and can't yet settle down to anything!'

But to the other sister on the same day comes an exhortation not to be
alarmed if friends report him as 'not up to the mark.' How could it
be otherwise at such a time? For truly it was the last great shock his
affections sustained. In itself, it might not be all that the quitting
home and family had been; but not only was there the difference between
going and being left behind, but youth, with its spirit of enterprise
and compensation, was past, and he was in a state to feel the pain of
the separation almost more intensely than when he had walked from the
door at Feniton, and gathered his last primrose at his mother's grave.
Before leaving Auckland, the Bishop married the Rev. John Palmer to Miss
Ashwell; and while they remained for a short time in New Zealand, he
returned for the Ember Week.


'St. Thomas, Norfolk Island: December 21, 1868.

'My dear Cousin,--I must write you a few lines, not as yet in answer to
your very interesting letter about Mr. Keble and about Ritualism, &c.,
but about our great event of yesterday.

'George Sarawia was ordained Deacon in our little chapel, in the
presence of fifty-five Melanesians and a few Norfolk Islanders. With him
Charles Bice, a very excellent man from St. Augustine's, was ordained
Deacon also. He has uncommon gifts of making himself thoroughly at
home with the Melanesians. It comes natural to him, there is no effort,
nothing to overcome apparently, and they of course like him greatly. He
speaks the language of Mota, the lingua franca here, you know.

'But what am I to say of George that you cannot imagine for yourself? It
was in the year 1857 that the Bishop and I first saw him at Vanua Lava
Island. He has been with us now ten years; I can truly say, that he has
never given me any uneasiness. He is not the cleverest of our scholars;
but no one possesses the confidence of us all in the same degree. True,
he is the oldest of the party, he can hardly be less than twenty-six
years old, for he had been married a year when first we saw him; but it
is his character rather than his age which gives him his position. For a
long time he has been our link with the Melanesians themselves whenever
there was something to be done by one of themselves rather than by us
strangers. Somehow the other scholars get into a way of recognising
him as the A 1 of the place, and so also in Mota and the neighbouring
islands his character and reputation are well known. The people expect
him to be a teacher among them, they all know that he is a person of
weight.

'The day was warm and fine.

'At 7.20 A.M. we had the Morning Service, chanting the 2nd Psalm. I
read Isa. xlii. 5-12 for the First Lesson, and 1 Tim. iii. 8-13 for the
Second, and the Collect in the Ordination Service before the Prayer of
St. Chrysostom. Mr. Codrington, as usual, read the prayers to the end of
the third Collect, after which we sang our Sunday hymn.

'At 11 A.M. we began the Ordination Service. One Epiphany hymn, my short
sermon, then Mr. Codrington presented the candidates, speaking Mota for
one and English for the other. The whole service was in Mota, except
that I questioned Bice, and he answered in English, and I used the
English words of Ordination in his case. George was questioned and
answered in Mota, and then Bice in English, question by question. Mr.
Nobbs was here and a few of the people, Mr. Atkin, Mr. Brooke, so we
made a goodly little party of seven in our clerical supper.

'What our thoughts were you can guess as we ordained the first
Melanesian clergyman. How full of thankfulness, of awe, of wonderment,
the fulfilment of so much, the pledge of it, if it be God's will, of so
much more! And not a little of anxiety, too--yet the words of comfort
are many; and it does not need much faith, with so evident a proof of
God's Love and Power and Faithfulness before our very eyes, to trust
George in His Hands.

'The closing stanzas of the Ordination Hymn in the "Christian Year"
comforted me as I read them at night; but I had peace and comfort, thank
God, all through.

'Others, too, are pressing on. I could say, with truth, to them in the
evening in the Chapel, "This is the beginning, only the beginning, the
first fruit. Many blossoms there are already. I know that God's Spirit
is working in the hearts of some of you. Follow that holy guidance, I
pray always that you may be kept in the right way, and that you may be
enabled to point it out to others, and to guide them in it."

'And yet no words can express what the recoil of the wave heathenism is,
but "when the enemy shall come in like a flood," and it has indeed its
own glorious word of Promise. It is like one who was once a drunkard and
has left off drinking, and then once more tastes the old deadly poison,
and becomes mad for drink; or like the wild furious struggles (as I
suppose) of poor penitents in penitentiaries, when it seems as if the
devil must whirl them back into sin. You know we see things which
look like "possession," a black cloud settling down upon the soul,
overwhelming all the hopeful signs for a time. And then, when I have my
quiet talk with such an one (and only very few, and they not the best
among us), he will say, "I can't tell, I didn't mean it. It was not I.
What was it?" And I say, "It was the devil, seeking to devour you, to
drag you back into the old evil dark ways." "It is awful, fearful."
"Then you must gird your loins and pray the more, and remember that you
are Christ's, that you belong to Him, that you are God's child, that
Satan has no right to claim you now. Resist him in this name, in the
strength of the Spirit whom Christ has sent to us from the Father, and
he will flee from you."

'It is of course the same more or less with us all, but it comes out
in, a shape which gives it terrible reality and earnestness. Only think,
then, more than ever, of them and of me, and pray that "the Spirit of
the Lord may lift up a standard against the enemy." At times we do seem
to realise that it is a downright personal struggle for life or death.'

There the writer paused, and the next date is

'Christmas Day, 1868.

'My dearest Sisters,--What a happy happy day! At 12.5 A.M. I was awoke
by a party of some twenty Melanesians, headed by Mr. Bice, singing
Christmas carols at my bedroom door. It is a glass window, opening on to
the verandah. How delightful it was! I had gone to bed with the Book
of Praise by my side, and Mr. Keble's hymn in my mind; and now the Mota
versions, already familiar to us, of the Angels' Song and of the "Light
to lighten the Gentiles," sung too by some of our heathen scholars, took
up as it were the strain. Their voices sounded so fresh and clear in the
still midnight, the perfectly clear sky, the calm moon, the warm genial
climate.

'I lay awake afterwards, thinking on the blessed change wrought in their
minds, thinking of my happy happy lot, of how utterly undeserved it was
and is, and (as is natural) losing myself in thoughts of God's wonderful
goodness and mercy and love.

'Then at 4.45 A.M. I got up, a little later perhaps than usual.
Codrington and Brooke were very soon at work finishing the decorations
in the Chapel; branches of Norfolk Island pines, divers evergreens,
pomegranates and oleanders and lilies (in handfuls) and large snow-white
arums; on the altar-table arums above, and below lilies and evergreens.
Oleanders and pomegranates marked the chancel arch. The rugs looked very
handsome, the whole floor at the east end is covered with a red baize or
drugget to match the curtains.

'7 A.M., Holy Communion. Six clergymen in surplices and fifteen other
communicants. At 10 A.M., a short, very bright, joyful service, the
regular Morning Prayers, Psalms xcv. xix. cx. all chanted. Proper
Lessons, two Christmas hymns.

'Then games, cricket, prisoner's base, running races. Beef, pork,
plum-puddings.

'Now we shall soon have evening Chapel, a great deal of singing, a
few short words from me; then a happy, merry, innocent evening, native
dances, coffee, biscuit, and snapdragons to finish with.

'If you had been here to-day, you would indeed have been filled with
surprise and thankfulness and hope. There is, I do think, a great deal
to show that these scholars of ours so connect religion with all that
is cheerful and happy. There is nothing, as I think, sanctimonious about
them. They say, "We are so happy here! How different from our lands!"

'And I think I can truly say that this is not from want of seriousness
in those of an age to be serious.

'I pour this out to you in my happy day--words of hope and joy and
thankfulness! But remember that I feel that all this should make me
thoughtful as well as hopeful. How can I say but what sorrow and trial
may even now be on their way hither? But I thank God, oh! I do thank
Him for his great love and mercy, and I do not think it wrong to give my
feelings of joy some utterance.'

With this year the Eucharist was administered weekly, the Melanesians
still attending fortnightly; but it proved to have been a true
foreboding that a sorrow was on its way:--

'January 8th.--A very joyful Christmas, but a sad Epiphany!

'U---, dearer to me than ever, has (I now hear from him) been putting
himself in the way of temptation. I had noticed that he was not like
himself, and spoke to him and warned him. I told him that if he wished
to be married at once, I was quite willing to marry him; but he said
they were too young, and yet he was always thinking of the young
fiancee. Alas! he had too often (as he says) put himself in the way
of temptation with his eyes open, and he fell. He was frightened,
terrified, bewildered.

'Alas! it is our first great sorrow of the kind, for he was a
Communicant of nearly three years' standing. Yet I have much comfort.

'I can have no doubt, 1st, that a fall was necessary, I believe fully.
His own words (not suggested by me) were, "I tempted God often, and He
let me fall; I don't mean He was the cause of it, it is of course only
my fault; but I think I see that I might have gone on getting more and
more careless and wandering further and further from Him unless I had
been startled and frightened." And then he burst out, "Oh! don't send me
away for ever. I know I have made the young ones stumble, and destroyed
the happiness of our settlement here. I know I must not be with you all
in Chapel and school and hall. I know I can't teach any more, I know
that, and I am miserable, miserable. But don't tell me I must go away
for ever. I can't bear it!"

'I did manage to answer almost coldly, for I felt that if I once let
loose my longing desire to let him see my real feeling, I could not
restrain myself at all. "Who wishes to send you away, U--? It is not me
whom you have displeased and injured."

'"I know. It is terrible! But I think of the Prodigal Son. Oh! I do long
to go back! Oh! do tell me that He loves me still."

'Poor dear fellow! I thought I must leave him to bear his burthen for a
time. We prayed together, and I left him, or rather sent him away from
my room, but he could neither eat nor sleep.

'The next day his whole manner, look, everything made one sure (humanly
speaking) that he was indeed truly penitent; and then when I began to
speak words of comfort, of God's tender love and compassion, and told
him how to think of the Lord's gentle pity when He appeared first to
the Magdalene and Peter, and when I took his hand in the old loving way,
poor fellow, he broke down more than ever, and cried like a child.

'Ah! it is very sad; but I do think he will be a better, more steadfast
man: he has learnt his weakness, and where to find strength, as he
never had before. And the effect on the school is remarkable. That there
should be so much tenderness of conscience and apprehension of the guilt
of impurity among the children of the heathen in among many brought up
in familiarity with sin, is a matter for much thankfulness.'

To this may well be added an extract from Joseph Atkin's journal,
showing his likemindedness both in thoughtfulness and charity:--

'I feel quite sure that we must be prepared for many such cases. The
whole associations and training of the early lives of these people must
influence them as long as they live. The thought of what my mother and
sister would think, never occur to them as any influence for good; and
although this may be said to be a low motive for doing right, it is a
very powerful one, and it is more tangible because it is lower.

'The Bishop, in speaking of it to-day, told the boys that they ought not
to do right to please him, but because it was right to please God; but I
can't help thinking that pleasing the Bishop may and can help the
other very much. Is it not right for a child to do right to please its
parents, and for older children too to be helped by the thought that
they are pleasing those they love and honour?

'We had a council to-day of all the Church members to talk about how
U---- was to be treated. For himself, poor fellow, I should think
kindness would be harder to bear than neglect.

'Mr. Codrington says, "On this occasion all the male Communicants went
together to some little distance, where a group of boulders under the
pines gave a convenient seat. The Bishop set out the case, and asked
what was the opinion of the elder boys as to the treatment of the
offender. They were left alone to consider; and when we came back, they
gave their judgment, that he should not eat in the hall at what may be
called the high table, that he should not teach in school, and should
not come into Chapel."

'This was of course what was intended, but the weight of the sentence so
given was greater with the school, and a wholesome lesson given to the
judges. How soon the Bishop's severity, which never covered his pity,
gave way to his affection for one of his oldest and dearest pupils, and
his tenderness for the penitent, and how he took a large share of blame
upon himself, just where it was not due, can well be understood by all
who knew him.'

There was soon a brighter day. On January 25, writes Mr. Atkin:--

'We had a great day. In the morning some who were baptized last summer
were confirmed, and at night there were baptized three girls and
thirteen boys. Most of them were quite little fellows. I don't think any
of us will easily forget their grave and sober but not shy looks, as one
by one they stepped up to the Bishop. I think that all understood and
meant what they said, that Baptism was no mere form with them, but a
real solemn compact. All who were in my class (nine), or the Sunday
morning school, were baptized in the evening. While we were standing
round the font, I thought of you at home, and half wished that you
could have seen us there. I was witness for my son (Wate); he was called
Joseph, so that I shall lose my name that I have kept so long.'

Joseph Wate, the little Malanta boy, was always viewed by the Atkin
family as a kind of child, and kept up a correspondence with his
godfather's sister, Mother Mary as he called her.

On the same day the Bishop wrote to Judge Pohlman:--

'My very dear Friend,--I must not let our correspondence drop, and the
less likely it seems to be that we may meet, the more I must seek to
retain your friendship, by letting you know not only the facts that
occur here, but my thoughts and hopes and fears about them.'

(Then, after mentioning the recent transgression, the letter continues
respecting the youth.)

'His fright and terror, his misery and deep sorrow, and (I do believe)
godly repentance, make me say that he is still, as I trust, one of our
best scholars. But it is very sad. For three weeks he did not come even
into chapel with us. He not only acquiesced, but wished that it should
be so.

'Last Saturday evening he was readmitted, without any using of fine
names. I did as a matter of fact do what was the practice of the early
Christians, and is recognised in our Ash Wednesday service now. It was
very desirable that great notice should be taken of the commission of
an act which it is hard for a heathen to understand to be an act of sin,
and the effect upon the whole school of the sad and serious way in which
this offence was regarded has been very good.

'In the circumstances it is so easy to see how the discipline of the
early Church was not an artificial, but a necessary system, though by
degrees elaborated in a more complicated manner. But I find, not seldom,
that common sense dictates some course which afterwards I come across
in Bingham, or some such writer, described as a usage of the early
Christians.

'In our English nineteenth century life such practices could hardly be
reintroduced with benefit. Yet something which might mark open offences
with the censure of the Christian Body is clearly desirable when you can
have it; and of course with us there is no difficulty whatever.

'I cannot be surprised, however deeply grieved at this sad occurrence;
and though it is no comfort to think how many English persons would
think nothing of this, and certainly not show the deep compunction and
sorrow which this poor fellow shows, yet, as a matter of fact, how few
young Englishmen are there who would think such an act, as this young
Melanesian thinks it to be, a grievous sin against God, and matter for
continual sorrow and humiliation. So I do rejoice that he is sorrowing
after a godly sort.

'In other respects there is a very hopeful promising appearance just
now. We number seven clergymen, including myself. We have a very
efficient band of Melanesian teachers, and could at this moment work a
school of 150 scholars.

'George Sarawia will (D.V.) start with a little company of Christian
friends at his own island. The scholars from all the different islands
fraternise excellently well, and in many cases the older and more
advanced have their regular chums, by private arrangement among
themselves, whom they help, and to whose islands they are quite prepared
to be sent, if I think fit so to arrange; and I really do believe that
from the Banks Islands we may send out missionaries to many of the
Melanesian islands, as from Samoa and Karotonga they have gone out
to the islands of the Eastern Pacific. Humanly speaking, I see no
difficulty in our drawing into our central school here any number of
natives that we can support, from the New Hebrides, Banks and Solomon
Islands, and I trust soon from the Santa Cruz Islands also.

'Here must be the principal work, the training up missionaries and
steadfast Christian men and women, not of ability sufficient to become
themselves missionaries, but necessary to strengthen the hands of their
more gifted countrymen. This training must be carried on here, but with
it must be combined a frequent visitation and as lengthened sojourns in
the islands as possible. The next winter we hope that the Rev. J. Atkin
will be some time at San Cristoval, the Rev. C. H. Brooke at Florida,
the Rev. J. Palmer at Mota. But I am more than ever convinced that
the chiefest part of our work is to consist in training up Melanesian
clergymen, and educating them up to the point of faithfully reproducing
our simple teaching. We must hope to see native self-supporting
Melanesian Churches, not weak indolent Melanesians dependent always
on an English missionary, but steadfast, thoughtful men and women,
retaining the characteristics of their race so far as they can
be sanctified by the Word of God in prayer, and not force useless
imitations of English modes of thought and nineteenth century
civilisation.

'It is sometimes a consequence of our national self-conceit, sometimes
of want of thought, that no consideration is shown to the characteristic
native way of regarding things. But Christianity is a universal
religion, and assimilates and interpolates into its system all that is
capable of regeneration and sanctification anywhere.

'Before long I hope to get something more respectable in the way of
a report printed and circulated. It seems unreasonable to say so, but
really I have very little time that I can spare from directly Melanesian
work, what with school, translations, working out languages, and (thank
God) the many, many hours spent in quiet interviews with Melanesians
of all ages and islands, who come to have private talks with me, and to
tell me of their thoughts and feelings. These are happy hours indeed. I
must end. Always, my dear friend, affectionately and sincerely yours,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The readmission thus mentioned was by the imposition of hands, when the
penitent was again received, and his conduct ever since has proved his
repentance true.

February brought Mr. and Mrs. Palmer to their new home, and carried
away Mr. Codrington for a holiday. The budget of letters sent by this
opportunity contained a remarkable one from young Atkin. Like master,
like scholar:--


'February 24, 1869.

'My dear Mother,--You must not think about my coming back; I may have to
do it, but if I do, it will seem like giving up the object of my life.
I did not enter upon this work with any enthusiasm, and it is perhaps
partly from that cause that I am now so attached to it that little short
of necessity would take me away; my own choice, I think, never. I know
it is much harder for you than for me. I wish I could lighten it to you,
but it cannot be. It is a great deal more self-denial for you to spare
me to come away than for me to come away. You must think, like David, "I
will not offer unto the Lord my God of that which doth cost me nothing."
If you willingly give Him what you prize most, however worthless the
gift may be, He will prize it for the willingness with which it is
given. If it had been of my own choosing that I came away, I should
often blame myself for having made a selfish choice in not taking harder
and more irksome work nearer home, but it came to me without choosing. I
can only be thankful that God has been so good to me.'


Well might the Bishop write to the father, 'I thank you in my heart for
Joe's promise.'

How exactly his own spirit, in simple, unconscious self-abnegation and
thorough devotion to the work. How it chimes in with this, written on
the self-same morning to the Bishop of Lichfield:--


'St. Matthias Day, 6.45 A.M., 1869.

My dear Bishop,--You do not doubt that I think continually of you, yet
I like you to have a line from me to-day. We are just going into Chapel,
altering our usual service to-day that we may receive the Holy Communion
with special remembrance of my Consecration and special prayer for a
blessing on the Mission. There is much to be thankful for indeed,
much also that may well make the retrospect of the last eight years a
somewhat sad and painful one as far as I am myself concerned. It
does seem wonderful that good on the whole is done. But everything is
wonderful and full of mystery....

'It is rather mean of me, I fear, to get out of nearly all troubles by
being here. Yet it seems to me very clear that the special work of the
Mission is carried on more conveniently (one doesn't like to say more
successfully) here, and my presence or absence is of no consequence when
general questions are under discussion....

'Your very affectionate

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The same mail brought a letter to Miss Mackenzie, with much valuable
matter on Mission work:--


'February 26, 1869.

'Dear Miss Mackenzie,--I have just read your letter to me of April 1867,
which I acknowledged, rather than answered, long ago.

'I can't answer it as it deserves to be answered now. I think I have
already written about thirty-five letters to go by this mail, and my
usual work seldom leaves me a spare hour.

'But I am truly thankful for the hopes that seem to show themselves
through the mists, in places where all Christian men must feel so
strong an interest. I do hope to hear that the new Bishopric may soon
be founded, on which Mr. Robertson and you and others have so set your
hearts. That good man! I often think of him, and hope soon to send him,
through you, £10 from our Melanesian offertory.

'You know we have, thank God, thirty-nine baptized Melanesians here, of
whom fifteen are communicants, and one, George Sarawia, a clergyman. He
was ordained on December 20.

'There are many little works usually going ons which I don't consider it
fair to reckon among the regular industrial work of the Mission. I pay
the young men and lads and boys small sums for such things, and I
think it right to teach the elder ones the use of money by giving them
allowances, out of which they buy their clothing, &c., when necessary,
all under certain regulations. I say this that you may know that our
weekly offertory is not a sham. No one knows what they give, or whether
they give or not. A Melanesian takes the offertory bason, and they give
or not as they please. I take care that such moneys as are due to them
shall be given in 3d., 4d., and 6d. pieces.

'Last year our offertory rather exceeded £40, and it is out of this that
my brother will now pay you £10 for the Mackenzie fund. I write all this
because you will like to think that some of this little offertory comes
bond fide from Melanesians.

'...You take me to mean, I hope, that Christianity is the religion for
mankind at large, capable of dealing with the spiritual and bodily needs
of man everywhere.

'It is easy for us now to say that some of the early English Missions,
without thinking at all about it, in all probability, sought to impose
an English line of thought and religion on Indians and Africans. Even
English dress was thought to be almost essential, and English habits,
&c., were regarded as part of the education of persons converted through
the agency of English Missions. All this seems to be burdening the
message of the Gospel with unnecessary difficulties. The teacher
everywhere, in England or out of it, must learn to discriminate between
essentials and non-essentials. It seems to me self-evident that
the native scholar must be educated up to the highest point that is
possible, and that unless one is (humanly speaking) quite sure that he
can and will reproduce faithfully the simple teaching he has received,
he ought not to teach, much less to be ordained.

'All our elder lads and girls here teach the younger ones, and we know
what they teach. Their notes of our lessons are brought to me, books
full of them, and there I see what they know; for if they can write down
a plain account of facts and doctrines, that is a good test of their
having taken in the teaching. George Sarawia's little essay on the
doctrine of the Communion is to me perfectly satisfactory. It was
written without my knowledge. I found it in one of his many note-books
accidentally.

'As for civilisation, they all live entirely with us, and every
Melanesian in the place, men and women, boys and girls, three times a
day take their places with all of us in hall, and use their knives and
forks, plates, cups and saucers (or, for the passage, one's pannikins)
just as we do. George and two others, speaking for themselves and their
wives, have just written out, among other things, in a list which I told
them to make out: plates, cups, saucers, knives, forks, spoons, tubs,
saucepans, kettles, soap, towels, domestic things for washing, ironing,
&c.

'The common presents that our elder scholars take or send to their
friends include large iron pots for cooking, clothing, &c. They build
improved houses, and ask for small windows, &c., to put in them, boxes,
carpet bags for their clothes, small writing desks, note-books, ink,
pens. They keep their best clothes very carefully, and on Sundays and
great days look highly respectable. And for years we know no instance
of a baptized Melanesian throwing aside his clothing when taking his
holiday at home.

'As far as I can see my way to any rule in the matter, it is this: all
that is necessary to secure decency, propriety, cleanliness, health,
&c., must be provided for them. This at once involves alteration of the
houses, divisions, partitions. People who can read and write, and cut
out and sew clothes, must have light in their houses. This involves a
change of the shape and structure of the hut. They can't sit in clean
clothes on a dirty floor, and they can't write, or eat out of plates
and use cups, &c., without tables or benches, and as they don't want
to spend ten hours in sleep or idle talk, they must have lamps for
cocoa-nut and almond oil.

'These people are not taught to adopt these habits by word of mouth.
They live with us and do as we do. Two young married women are sitting
in my room now. I didn't call them in, nor tell them what to do. "We
didn't quite understand what you said last night." "Well, I have written
it out,--there it is." They took, as usual, the MS., sat down, just
as you or anyone would do, at the table to read it, and are now making
their short notes of it. Anyone comes in and out at any time, when not
at school, chapel, or work, just as they please. We each have our own
sitting-room, which is in this sense public property, and of course they
fall into our ways.

'There is perhaps no such thing as teaching civilisation by word
of command, nor religion either. The sine qua non for the
missionary--religious and moral character assumed to exist--is the
living with his scholars as children of his own. And the aim is to lift
them up, not by words, but by the daily life, to the sense of their
capacity for becoming by God's grace all that we are, and I pray God a
great deal more; not as literary men or scholars, but as Christian men
and women, better suited than we are for work among their own people.
"They shall be saved even as we." They have a strong sense of and
acquiescence in, their own inferiority. If we treat them as inferiors,
they will always remain in that position of inferiority.

'But Christ humbled Himself and became the servant and minister that He
might make us children of God and exalt us.

'It is surely very simple, but if we do thus live among them, they must
necessarily accept and adopt some of our habits. Our Lord led the life
of a poor man, but He raised His disciples to the highest pitch of
excellence by His Life, His Words, and His Spirit, the highest that
man could receive and follow. The analogy is surely a true one.
And exclusiveness, all the pride of race must disappear before such
considerations.

'But it is not the less true that He did not make very small demands
upon His disciples, and teach them and us that it needs but little
care and toil and preparation to be a Christian and a teacher of
Christianity. The direct contrary to this is the truth.

'The teacher's duty is to be always leading on his pupils to higher
conceptions of their work in life, and to a more diligent performance
of it. How can he do this if he himself acquiesces in a very imperfect
knowledge and practice of his duty?

'"And yet the mass of mediaeval missionaries could perhaps scarce read."
That may be true, but that was not an excellence but a defect, and the
mass of the gentry and nobility could not do so much. They did a great
work then. It does not follow that we are to imitate their ignorance
when we can have knowledge.

'But I am wasting your time and mine.

'Yours very truly,

'J. C. PATTESON.

'P.S.--George and his wife and child, Charles and his wife, Benjamin and
his wife, will live together at Mota on some land I have bought. A good
wooden house is to be put up by us this winter (D.V.) with one large
room for common use, school, &c., and three small bed-rooms opening on
to a verandah. One small bed-room at the other end which any one, two or
three of us English folks can occupy when at Mota. I dare say, first and
last, this house will cost seventy or eighty pounds.

'Then we hope to have everything that can be sown and planted with
profit in a tropical climate, first-class breed of pigs, poultry, &c.,
so that all the people may see that such things are not neglected. These
things will be given away freely-settings of eggs, young sows, seeds,
plants, young trees, &c. All this involves expense, quite rightly too,
and after all, I dare say that dear old George will cost about a sixth
or an eighth of what we English clergymen think necessary. I dare say
£25 per annum will cover his expenses.'


On Easter Sunday the penitent was readmitted to the Lord's Table. A
happy letter followed:--


'Easter Tuesday, 1869.

'My dearest Sisters,--Another opportunity of writing. I will only say a
word about two things. First, our Easter and the Holy Week preceding
it; secondly, how full my mind has been of Mr. Keble, on his two
anniversaries, Holy Thursday and March 29. And I have read much of the
"Christian Year," and the two letters I had from him I have read again,
and looked at the picture of him, and felt helped by the memory of his
holy saintly life, and I dared to think that it might be that by God's
great mercy in Christ, I might yet know him and other blessed Saints in
the Life to come.

'Our Holy Week was a calm solemn season. All the services have long been
in print. Day by day in school and chapel we followed the holy services
and acts of each day, taking Ellicott's "Historical Lectures" as a
guide.

'Each evening I had my short sermonet, and we sought to deepen the
impressions made evidently upon our scholars by whatever could make it a
real matter of life and death to them and us. Then came Good Friday and
Easter Eve, during which the Melanesians with Mr. Brooke were busily
engaged in decorating the Chapel with fronds of tree-ferns, bamboo,
arums, and oleander blossoms.

'Then, at 7 A.M. on Easter Morning, thirty of us--twenty-one, thank God,
being Melanesians--met in Chapel for the true Easter Feast.

'Then, at 11 A.M., how we chanted Psalms ii, cxiii, cxiv, and Hymn, and
the old Easter Hallelujah hymn to the old tune with Mota words. Then at
7 P.M. Psalms cxviii, cxlviii, to joyful chants, and singing Easter and
other hymns.

'So yesterday and so to-day. The short Communion Service in the morning
with hymn, and in the evening we chant Psalm cxviii, and sing out our
Easter hymn. Ah well! it makes my heart very full. It is the season of
refreshing, perhaps before more trails.

'Dear U---- was with us again on Easter morn, a truly repentant young
man, I verily believe, feeling deeply what in our country districts is
often not counted a sin at all to be a foul offence against his Father
and Saviour and Sanctifier.

'Six were there for their first Communion, among them honest old Stephen
Taroniara, the first and only communicant of all the Solomon Isles--of
all the world west of Mota, or east of any of the Bishop of Labuan's
communicants. Think of that! What a blessing! What a thought for praise
and hope and meditation!

'I sit in my verandah in the moonlight and I do feel happy in spite of
many thoughts of early days which may well make me feel unhappy.

'But I do feel an almost overpowering sensation of thankfulness and
peace and calm tranquil happiness, which I know cannot last long. It
would not, I suppose, be good: anyhow it will soon be broken by some
trial which may show much of my present state to be a delusion. Yet
I like to tell you what I think, and I know you will keep it to
yourselves.

'Good-bye, and all Easter blessings be with you.

'Your loving brother,

'J. C. PATTESON '


The island voyage was coming near, and was to be conducted, on a larger
scale, after the intermission of a whole year. Mr. Brooke was to make
some stay at Florida, Mr. Atkin at Wango in Bauro, and the Bishop
himself was to take the party who were to commence the Christian
village at Mota, while Mr. Codrington and Mr. Bice remained in charge
of twenty-seven Melanesians. The reports of the effects of the labour
traffic were becoming a great anxiety, and not only the Fiji settlers,
but those in Queensland were becoming concerned in it.

The 'Southern Cross' arrived in June, but the weather was so bad that,
knocking about outside the rocks, she sustained some damage, and could
not put her freight ashore for a week. However, on the 24th she sailed,
and put down Mr. Atkin at Wango, the village in Bauro where the Bishop
had stayed two years previously.

Mr. Atkin gives a touching description of Taroniara's arrival:--

'Stephen was not long in finding his little girl, Paraiteka. She was
soon in his arms. The old fellow just held her up for the Bishop to
see, and then turned away with her, and I saw a handkerchief come out
privately and brush quickly across his eyes, and in a few minutes he
came back to us.'

The little girl's mother, for whose sake Taroniara had once refused
to return to school, had been carried off by a Maran man; and as the
heathen connection had been so slight, and a proper marriage so entirely
beyond the ideas of the native state, it was thought advisable to leave
this as a thing of heathen darkness, and let him select a girl to be
educated into becoming fit for his true wife.

Besides Stephen, Joseph Wate and two other Christian lads were with Mr.
Atkin, and he made an expedition of two days' visit to Wate's father. At
Ulava he found that dysentery had swept off nearly all the natives, and
he thought these races, even while left to themselves, were dying out.
'But,' adds the brave man in his journal, 'I will never, I hope, allow
that because these people are dying out, it is of no use or a waste of
time carrying the Gospel to them. It is, I should rather say, a case
where we ought to be the more anxious to gather up the fragments.'

So he worked on bravely, making it an object, if he could do no more, to
teach enough to give new scholars a start in the school, and to see who
were most worth choosing there. He suffered a little loss of popularity
when it was found that he was not a perpetual fountain of beads,
hatchets, and tobacco, but he did the good work of effecting a
reconciliation between Wango and another village named Hane, where he
made a visit, and heard a song in honour of Taroniara. He was invited
to a great reconciliation feast; which he thus describes, beginning with
his walk to Hane by short marches:--

'We waited where we overtook Taki, until the main body from Wango came
up. They charged past in fine style, looking very well in their holiday
dress, each with his left hand full of spears, and one brandished in the
right. It looked much more like a fighting party than a peace party;
but it is the custom to make peace with the whole army, to convince the
enemy that it is only for his accommodation that they are making peace,
and not because they are afraid to fight him. It was about 12 o'clock
when we reached the rendezvous. There was a fine charge of all, except
a dozen of the more sedate of the party; they rattled their spears, and
ran, and shouted, and jumped, even crossing the stream which was the
neutral ground. We halted by the stream for some time; at last some Hane
people came to their side; there was a charge again almost up to them,
but they took it coolly. At about 10 o'clock the whole body of the Hane
men came, and two or three from Wango went across to them. I was tired
of waiting, and asked Taki if I should go. "Yes, and tell them to bring
the money," he said.

'While I was wading through the stream, the Hane men gathered up and
advanced; I turned back with them. They rushed, brandishing their
spears, to within ten or twelve paces of the Wango party, who had joined
into a compact body, and so seated themselves as soon as they saw the
movement.

'Kara, a Hane man, made his speech, first running forwards and
backwards, shaking his spear all the time; and at the end, he took out
four strings of Makira money, and gave it to Taki. Hane went back across
the stream; and Wango went through the same performance, Taki making the
speech. He seemed a great orator, and went on until one standing by
him said, "That's enough," when he laughed, and gave over. He gave four
strings of money, two shorter than the others, and the shortest was
returned to him, I don't know why; but in this way the peace was
signed.'

After nineteen days, during which the Bishop had been cruising about,
Mr. Atkin and his scholars were picked up again, and likewise Mr.
Brooke, who had been spending ten days at Florida with his scholars,
in all thirty-five; and then ensued a very tedious passage to the
Banks Islands, for the vessel had been crippled by the gale off Norfolk
Island, and could not be pressed; little canvas was carried, and the
weather was unfavourable.

However, on September 6, Mota was safely reached; and great was the joy,
warm the welcome of the natives, who eagerly assisted in unloading the
vessel, through storms of rain and surf.

The old station house was in entire decay; but the orange and lemon
trees were thirty feet high, though only the latter in bearing.

The new village, it was agreed, should bear the name of Kohimarama,
after the old home in New Zealand, meaning, in Maori, 'Focus of Light.'
After landing the goats, the Bishop, Mr. Atkin, and five more crossed
to Valua. They were warmly welcomed at Ara, where their long absence
had made the natives fancy they must all be dead. The parents of Henry,
Lydia, and Edwin were the first to approach the boat, eager to hear
of their children left in Norfolk Island; and the mother walked up the
beach with her arm round Mr. Atkin's neck. But here it appeared that the
vessels of the labour traffic had come to obtain people to work in the
cotton plantations in Queensland, and that they had already begun to
invite them in the name of the Bishop, whose absence they accounted for
by saying his ship had been wrecked, he had broken his leg, he had gone
to England, and sent them to fetch natives to him. No force had been
used as yet, but there was evident dread of them; and one vessel had
a Mota man on board, who persuaded the people to go to Sydney. About
a hundred natives had been taken from the islands of Valua, Ara, and
Matlavo, and from Bligh Island twenty-three were just gone, but Mota's
inaccessibility had apparently protected it. It will be remembered that
it has a high fortification of coral all round the beach, with but one
inconvenient entrance, and that the people are little apt to resort to
canoes. This really has hitherto seemed a special Providence for this
nucleus of Christianity.

They spent the night at Ara, making a fire on the sandy beach, where
they boiled their chocolate, and made gravy of some extract of meat
to season their yam, and supped in public by firelight, reclining upon
mats. Afterwards they went up to the Ogamal, or barrack tent: it was not
an inviting bed-chamber, being so low that they could only kneel upright
in it, and so smoky that Stephen remarked, 'We shall be cooked ourselves
if we stay here,' proving an advance in civilisation. One of the private
houses was equally unattractive, and the party slept on the beach.

The next morning they started to walk round the island: taking two cork
beds, a portmanteau and a basket of provisions; stopping wherever a few
people were found, but it was a thinly peopled place, and the loss of
the men carried off was sensibly felt.

One village had had a fight with a boat's crew from Sydney. They made no
secret of it, saying that they would not have their men taken away; and
they had been sharp enough to pour water into the guns before provoking
the quarrel.

Further on there was a closer population, where the Bishop was
enthusiastically welcomed, and an Ogamal was found, making a good
shelter for the night. Then they returned to Ara, where Mr. Atkin notes,
in the very centre of the island, a curious rock, about 200 feet high,
and on the top, 20 or 30 feet from the nearest visible soil, a she-oak
stump, and two more green and flourishing a little below. The rock was
of black scoriae, too hot in the middle of the day to sit upon, and near
it was a pool of water. 'Such water, so rotten.' The water used by the
visitors had been brought from Auckland. The natives do not trouble
water much, I don't think they ever drink it, and they certainly don't
look as if they ever washed.

On the following day they recrossed to Vanua Lava, where they spent a
quiet calm Sunday in the vessel, landing in the afternoon to see Fisher
Young's grave, which they found well kept and covered with a pretty blue
creeper.

The next Sunday they spent at Kohimarama: beginning with Celebration at
7.30 A.M., and in the afternoon making the circuit of the island, about
ten miles. In one place Mr. Atkin bent over the edge of the natural sea
wall, and saw the sea breaking 150 or 200 feet below!

After a fortnight spent in this manner, he and the other two clergymen
carried off their Melanesians to Norfolk Island, leaving the Bishop to
be fetched away in a month's time. Here is the letter written during his
solitude:--


'Kohimarama, Mota Island: September 23, 1869.

'My dearest Joan and Fan,--Here I am sitting in a most comfortable house
in our new Kohimarama, for so the Melanesians determine to call our
station in Mota. The house is 48 feet by 18, with a 9-foot verandah on
two sides. It has one large room, a partition at each end, one of which
is subdivided into two small sleeping rooms for George and his wife,
and Charles and his wife. There is no ceiling, so that we have the full
advantage of the height of the house, and plenty of ventilation, as
the space beyond where the roof comes down upon the wall plates is left
open.

'The verandah is a grand lounging place; very commodious for school
also, when other classes fill the large room, and a delightful place to
sit or lie about on in this genial warm climate. These bright moonlight
nights are indeed delicious. The mosquito gives no trouble here to speak
of. The cocoa-nut trees, the bread-fruit trees, yam gardens, and many
kinds of native trees and shrubs, are all around us; the fine wooded
hill of Mota shows well over the house. The breeze always plays round
it; and though it is very hot, it is only when the wind comes from
the north and north-west, as in the midsummer, that the heat is of an
oppressive and sickly nature.

'About twenty lads and young men live here, and about forty attend daily
school; but I think there is every indication of all Mota sending its
young people here as soon as we have our crops of yams, &c., &c., to
provide sufficient food. Improved native huts will, I think, soon be
built over our little estate here.

'Many girls I hope to take to Norfolk Island. They could hardly be
brought together with safety to this place yet. The parents see and
admit this, and consent to my taking them. I tell them that their sons
will not marry ignorant heathen girls (their sons I mean who have
been and are still with us); that all the young fellows growing up at
Kohimarama must have educated wives provided for them, and that I must
therefore take away many young girls with me to Norfolk Island. The
fashion here is to buy at an early age young girls for their sons,
though occasionally a girl may be found not already betrothed, but
almost grown up. I now say, "I want to train up wives for my sons," and
the fashion of the place allows of my buying or appropriating them. You
would be amused to see me engaged in this match-making. It is all the
same a very important matter, for clearly it is the best way to secure,
as I trust, the introduction of Christian family life among these
people.

'George and I are satisfied that things are really very promising here.
Of course, much old heathen ignorance, and much that is very wrong, will
long survive. So you recollect perhaps old Joe (great-Uncle Edward's
coachman) declaring that C. S. as a witch, and there is little proof of
practical Christianity in the morals of our peasants of the west, and of
Wales especially.

'It is not that one should acquiesce in what is wrong here, but one
ought not to be surprised at it. Public opinion, the constraint of law,
hereditary notions, are more effective in preventing the outbreak of
evil passions into criminal acts in very many cases and districts in
England.

'Now these restraints are, indeed, indirect consequences of
Christianity, but do not imply any religion in the individuals who are
influenced by them. These restraints don't exist here. If they did, I
think these Mota people now would live just as orderly decent lives as
average English folk. Christianity would not be a vigorous power in the
one case or in the other. Exceptional cases would occur here and there.

'If I am asked for proofs of the "conversion" of this people, I should
say, "Conversion from what to what?" and then I should say, "Ask any
close observer in England about the commercial and social morality
existing in not only the most ignorant ranks of society: how much is
merely formal, and therefore, perhaps, actually detrimental to a true
spirit of religion!" Here you don't find much that you associate with
religion in England, in the external observances of it; but there are
not a few ignorant people (I am not speaking of our trained scholars)
who are giving up their old habits, adopting new ways, accepting a
stricter mode of life, foregoing advantages of one kind and another,
because they believe that this "Good news," this Gospel, is true, and
because the simple truths of Christianity are, thank God, finding some
entrance into their hearts.

'I dread the imposition from without of some formal compliances with the
externals of religion while I know that the meaning and spirit of
them cannot as yet be understood. Can there be conceived anything more
formal, more mischievous, than inculcating a rigid Sabbatarian view of
the Lord's Day upon a people who don't know anything about the Cross
and the Resurrection? Time enough to talk about the observance when
the people have some knowledge of the vital living truth of a spiritual
religion.

'So about clothing. If I tried to do it, I think I could make the people
here buy, certainly accept, and wear, clothing. With what result at
present? That they would think that wearing a yard of unbleached calico
was a real evidence of the reception of the new teaching.

'Such things are, in this stage of Mission work, actually hurtful. The
mind naturally takes in and accepts the easy outward form, and by such
treatment you actually encourage it to do so, and to save itself the
trouble of thinking out the real meaning and teaching which must of
course be addressed to the spirit.

'These outward things all follow as a matter of course after a time, as
consequences of the new power and light felt in the soul; but they may
be so spoken of as to become substitutes for the true spiritual life,
and train up a people in hypocrisy.

'I beg your pardon really for parading all these truisms. Throw it in
the fire.

'I don't for a moment mean or think that religion is to be taught by
mere prudence and common sense. But a spiritual religion is imperilled
the moment that you insist upon an unspiritual people observing outward
forms which are to them the essence of the new teaching. Anything
better than turning heathens into Pharisees! What did our Lord call the
proselytes of the Pharisee and the Scribe?

'And while I see and love the beauty of the outward form when it is
known and felt to be no more than the shrine of the inward spiritual
power; while I know that for highly advanced Christians, or for persons
trained in accurate habits of thought, all that beauty of holiness is
needful; yet I think I see that the Divine wisdom of the Gospel would
guard the teacher against presenting the formal side of religion to the
untaught and ignorant convert. "God is a Spirit, and they that worship
Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth," is the great lesson for
the heathen mind chained down as it is to things of sense.

'"He that hateth his brother is a murderer:" not the outward act, but
the inward motive justifies or condemns the man. Every day convinces
me more and more of the need of a different mode of teaching than
that usually adopted for imperfectly taught people. How many of your
(ordinary) parishioners even understand the simple meaning of the
Prayer-book, nay, of their well-known (as they think) Gospel miracles
and parables? Who teaches in ordinary parishes the Christian use of the
Psalms? Who puts simply before peasant and stone-cutter the Jew and his
religion, and what he and it were intended to be, and the real error and
sin and failure?--the true nature of prophecy, the progressive teaching
of the Bible, never in any age compromising truth, but never ignoring
the state, so often the unreceptive state, of those to whom the truth
must therefore be presented partially, and in a manner adapted to rude
and unspiritual natures? What an amount of preparatory teaching is
needed! What labour must be spent in struggling to bring forth things
new and old, and present things simply before the indolent, unthinking,
vacant mind! How much need there is of a more special training of the
Clergy even now! Many men are striving nobly to do all this. But think
of the rubbish that most of us chuck lazily out of our minds twice a
week without method or order. It is such downright hard work to teach
well. Oh! how weary it makes me to try. I feel as if I were at once
aware of what should be attempted, and yet quite unable to do it!

'St. Michael's Day.--[After an affectionate review of most of his
relations at home.]--When the Bishop and Mrs. Selwyn pressed me a good
deal to go with them to England, it obliged me a little to analyse my
feelings. You won't suspect me of any want of longing to see you, when
I say that it never was a doubtful matter to me for five minutes. I saw
nothing to make me wish to go to England in comparison with the crowd
of reasons for not doing so. They, good people, thought it would be rest
and refreshment to me. Little they know how a man so unlike them takes
his rest! I am getting it here, hundreds of miles out of reach of any
white man or woman, free from what is to me the bother of society. I am
not defending myself; but it is true that to me it is a bore, the very
opposite of rest, to be in society. I like a good talk with Sir William
Martin above anything, but I declare that even that is dearly purchased
by the other accompaniments of society.

'And I could not spend a quiet month with you at Weston. I should have
people calling, the greatest of all nuisances, except that of having
to go out to dinner. I should have to preach, and perhaps to go to
meetings, all in the way of my business, but not tending to promote
rest.

'Seriously, I am very well now; looking, I am sure, and feeling stronger
and stouter than I was in New Zealand in the winter. So don't fret
yourself about me, and don't think that I shouldn't dearly love to chat
awhile with you. What an idle, lazy letter. You see I am taking my rest
with you, writing without effort.'

He was looking well. Kohimarama must be more healthily situated than the
first station, for all his three visits there were beneficial to him;
and there seems to have been none of the tendency to ague and low fever
which had been the trouble of the first abode.

Mr. Codrington and Mr. Bice came back in the schooner early in October,
and were landed at Mota, while the Bishop went for a cruise in the New
Hebrides; but the lateness of the season and the state of the vessel
made it a short one, and he soon came back with thirty-five boys.
Meanwhile, a small harmonium, which was to be left with the Christian
settlement, had caused such an excitement that Mr. Bice was nearly
squeezed to death by the crowds that came to hear it. He played nearly
all day to successive throngs of men, but when the women arrived, they
made such a clatter that he was fain to close the instrument. Unbleached
calico clothing had been made for such of the young ladies as were to be
taken on board for Norfolk Island, cut out by the Bishop and made up by
Robert, William, and Benjamin, his scholars; and Mr. Codrington says,
'It was an odd sight to see the Bishop on the beach with the group of
girls round him, and a number of garments over his arm. As each bride
was brought by her friends, she was clothed and added to the group.

'Esthetically, clothes were no improvement. "A Melanesian clothed,"
the Bishop observes, "never looks well; there is almost always a stiff,
shabby-genteel look. A good specimen, not disfigured by sores and
ulcers, the well-shaped form, the rich warm colour of the skin, and
the easy, graceful play of every limb, unhurt by shoe or tight-fitting
dress, the flower stuck naturally into the hair, &c., make them look
pleasant enough to my eye. You see in Picture Bibles figures draped as I
could wish the Melanesians to be clothed."'

To continue Mr. Codrington's recollections of this stay in Mota:--

'I remember noticing how different his manner was from what was common
at home. His eyes were cast all about him, keeping a sharp look-out, and
all his movements and tones were quick and decisive. In that steaming
climate, and those narrow paths, he walked faster than was at all
agreeable to his companions, and was dressed moreover in a woollen coat
and waistcoat all the time. In fact, he thoroughly enjoyed the heat,
though no doubt it was weakening him; he liked the food, which gave him
no trouble at all to eat, and he liked the natives.

'He felt, of course, that he was doing his work all the while; but the
expression of his countenance was very different while sitting with a
party of men over their food at Mota, and when sitting with a party in
Norfolk Island.

'The contrast struck me very much between his recluse studious life
there, and his very active one at Mota, with almost no leisure to read,
and very little to write, and with an abundance of society which was a
pleasure instead of a burthen.

'I think that the alert and decisive tone and habit which was so
conspicuous in the islands, and came out whenever he was roused, was not
natural to his disposition, but had been acquired in early years in a
public school, and faded down in the quiet routine of St. Barnabas, and
was recalled as occasion required with more effort as time went on. No
doubt, his habitual gentleness made his occasional severity more felt,
but at Mota his capacity for scolding was held in respect. I was told
when I was last there, that I was no good, for I did not know how to
scold, but that the Bishop perfectly well understood how to do it.
Words certainly would never fail him in twenty languages to express his
indignation, but how seldom among his own scholars had he to do it in
one!'

This voyage is best summed up in the ensuing letter to one of the
Norfolk relations:--


'"Southern Cross" Schooner, 20 miles East of Star Island.

'My dear Cousin,--We are drawing near the end of a rather long cruise,
as I trust, in safety. We left Norfolk Island on the 24th June, and we
hope to reach it in about ten days. We should have moved about in less
time, but for the crippled state of the schooner. She fell in with a
heavy gale off Norfolk Island about June 20th-23rd; and we have been
obliged to be very careful of our spars, which were much strained.
Indeed, we still need a new mainmast, main boom, and gaff, a main
topmast, foretopmast, and probably new wire rigging, besides repairs of
other kinds, and possibly new coppering. Thank God, the voyage has been
so far safe, and, on the whole, prosperous. We sailed first of all to
the Banks Islands, only dropping two lads at Ambrym Island on our way.
We spent a week or more at Mota, while the vessel was being overhauled
at the harbour in Vanua Lava Island, seven miles from Mota. It was a
great relief to us to get the house for the station at Mota out of the
vessel, the weight of timber, &c., was too much for a vessel not built
for carrying freight. After a few days we left Mr. Palmer, George
Sarawia, and others at Mota, busily engaged in putting up the house, a
very serious matter for us, as you may suppose.

'Our party was made up of Mr. Atkin, Mr. Brooke, and two Mota volunteers
for boat work, and divers Solomon Islanders. We were absent from Mota
about seven years, during which time we visited Santa Cruz, and many of
the Solomon Isles. Mr. Atkin spent three weeks in one of the isles,
and Mr. Brooke in another, and we had more than thirty natives of the
Solomon Islands on board, including old scholars, when we left Ulava,
the last island of the Solomon group at which we called.

'Mr. Palmer, Mr. Atkin, and Mr. Brooke went on to Norfolk Island, the
whole number of Melanesians on board being sixty-two. I had spent a very
happy month at Mota when the vessel returned from Norfolk Island
both with Mr. Codrington and Mr. Bice on board, bringing those of the
Melanesians (nearly thirty in all) who chose to stay on Norfolk Island.
Then followed a fortnight's cruise in the New Hebrides, and now with
exactly fifty Melanesians on board from divers islands, we are on our
way to Norfolk Island. We have fourteen girls, two married, on board,
and there are ten already at Norfolk Island. This is an unusual number;
but the people understand that the young men and lads who have been
with us for some time, who are baptized and accustomed to decent orderly
ways, are not going to marry heathen wild girls, so they give up these
young ones to be taught and qualify to become fit wives for our rapidly
increasing party of young men.

'It is quite clear that we must aim at exhibiting, by God's blessing,
Christian family life in the islands, and this can only be done by
training up young men and women.

'Three married couples, all Communicants, live now at Kohimarama, the
station at Mota. George has two children, Benjamin one. It is already
a small specimen of a little Christian community, and it must be
reinforced, year by year, by accessions of new couples of Christian men
and women.

'About twenty lads live at the station, and about forty more come daily
to school. It may grow soon into a real working school, from which the
most intelligent and best conducted boys may be taken to Norfolk Island
for a more complete education. I am hopeful about a real improvement in
Mota and elsewhere.

'But a new difficulty has lately been caused by the traders from Sydney
and elsewhere, who have taken many people to work in the plantations
at Brisbane, Mimea, (New Caledonia), and the Fiji Islands, actual
kidnapping, and this is a sad hindrance to us. I know of no case of
actual violence in the Banks Islands; but in every case, they took
people away under false pretences, asserting that "the Bishop is ill
and can't come; he has sent us to bring you to him." "The Bishop is in
Sydney, he broke his leg getting into his boat, and has sent us to take
you to him," &c., &c. In many of these places some of our old scholars
are found who speak a little English, and the traders communicated with
them.

'In most places where any of our young people happened to be on shore,
they warned their companions against these men, but not always with
success. Hindrances there must be always in the way of all attempts to
do some good. But this is a sad business, and very discreditable to the
persons employed in it and the Government which sanctions it, for they
must know that they cannot control the masters of the vessels engaged
in the trade; they may pass laws as to the treatment the natives are to
receive on the plantations, as to food, pay, &c., the time of service,
the date of their being taken home, but they know that the whole thing
is dishonest. The natives don't intend or know anything about any
service or labour; they don't know that they will have to work hard, and
any regular steady work is hard work to South Sea Islanders. They are
brought away under false pretences, else why tell lies to induce them to
go on board?

'I dare say that many young fellows go on board without much persuasion.
Many causes may be at work to induce them to do so, e.g., sickness in
the island, quarrels, love of excitement, spirit of enterprise, &c., but
if they knew what they were taken for, I don't think they would go.

'November 2nd.--In sight of Norfolk Island. All well on board.

'November 6th.--Yesterday we all landed safely, and found our whole
party quite well. Our new hall is finished, and in good time to receive
134 Melanesians.'

Before the full accumulation of letters arrived from Auckland, a report
by a passing ship from Sydney stirred the hermit Bishop deeply, and
elicited the following warm congratulation:--


'Norfolk Island: November 17, 1869.

'My dear Dr. Moberly,--Since my return--a fortnight since--from the
islands a rumour has reached us, brought hither in a small trader, that
the Bishop of Winchester has resigned his see, and that you are his
successor. It is almost too good to be true. I am waiting with great
anxiety for a vessel expected soon; I have had no English news since
letters of April. But in all seriousness, private news is of small
moment compared with the news of what is to become of that great
Diocese. And especially now, when almost all the south of England is so
sadly in want of officers to command the Church's army. Exeter, Bath and
Wells, Salisbury, Chichester (very old), and till now (if this rumour be
true) Winchester, from old age or sickness almost, if not quite, unfit
for work. If indeed I hear that God's Providence has placed you in
charge of that great see, it will give a different hue to the prospect,
dreary enough, I confess, to me; though I hope I am mistaken in my
gloomy forebodings of the results of all those many Dioceses being
so long without active Bishops. Salisbury of course I except, and
Chichester is a small Diocese comparatively, and the good Bishop, I
know, works up to the maximum of his age and strength. But if this be a
true rumour, and I do sincerely trust and pray that it may be so, indeed
it will give hope and courage and fresh life and power to many and many
a fainting soul. If I may presume to say so, it is (as Mrs. Selwyn wrote
to me when he was appointed to Lichfield) "a solemn and anxious thing
to undertake a great charge on the top of such great expectations." But
already there is one out here anyhow who feels cheered and strengthened
by the mere hope that this story is true; and everywhere many anxious
men and women will lift up their hearts to God in thankfulness, and in
earnest prayers that you may indeed do a great work to His glory and to
the good of His Church in a new and even greater sphere of usefulness.
No doubt much of my thoughts and apprehensions about the religious and
social state of England is very erroneous. I have but little time
for reading about what is going on, and though I have the blessing of
Codrington's good sense and ability, yet I should like to have more
persons to learn from on such matters. I am willing and anxious to
believe that I am not cheerful and faithful enough to see the bright
side as clearly as I ought. Your letters have always been a very great
help to me; not only a great pleasure, much more than a pleasure. I felt
that I accepted, occasionally even that I had anticipated, your remarks
on the questions of the day, the conduct of parties and public men,
books, &c. It has been a great thing for me to have my thoughts guided
or corrected in this way.

'Your last present to me was your volume of "Bampton Lectures," of which
I need not say how both the subject and the mode of treating it make
them especially valuable just now. And there is a strong personal
feeling about the work and writings of one where the public man is
also the private friend, which gives a special zest to the enjoyment of
reading a work of this kind.

'Certainly it is one of the many blessings of my life that I should
somehow have been allowed to grow into this degree of intimacy with you,
whom I have always known by name, though I don't remember ever to have
seen you. I think I first as a child became familiar with your name
through good Miss Rennell, whom I dare say you remember: the old Dean's
daughter. What a joy this would have been to dear Mr. and Mrs. Keble;
what a joy it is to Charlotte Yonge; and there may be others close to
Winchester whose lives have been closely bound tip with yours.

'But, humanly speaking, the thing is to have Bishops who can command the
respect and love and dutiful obedience of their clergy and laity alike.

'One wants men who, by solid learning, and by acquaintance too with
modern modes of criticism and speculation, by scholarship, force of
character, largeness of mind, as well as by their goodness, can secure
respect and exercise authority. It is the lawlessness of men that
one deplores; the presumption of individual priests striking out for
themselves unauthorised ways of managing their parishes and officiating
in their churches. And, if I may dare to touch on such a subject, is
there not a mode of speaking and writing on the Holy Eucharist prevalent
among some men now, which has no parallel in the Church of England,
except, it may be, in some of the non-jurors, and which does not express
the Church of England's mind; which is not the language of Pearson, and
Jackson, and Waterland, and Hooker, no, nor of Bull, and Andrewes, and
Taylor, &c.? I know very little of such things--very little indeed.
But it is oftentimes a sad grief to me that I cannot accept some of the
reasonings and opinions of dear Mr. Keble in his book on "Eucharistic
Adoration." I know that I have no right to expect to see things as such
a man saw them: that most probably the instinctive power of discerning
truth--the reward of a holy life from early childhood--guided him where
men without such power feel all astray. But yet, there is something
about the book which may be quite right and true, but does not to me
quite savour of the healthy sound theology of the Church of England;
the fragrance is rather that of an exotic plant; here and there I
mean--though I feel angry with myself for daring to think this, and to
say it to you, who can understand him.

'November 27th.--I leave this as I wrote it, though now I know from our
mails, which have come to us, that you are Bishop of Salisbury, not
of Winchester. I hardly stop to think whether it is Winchester or
Salisbury, so great is my thankfulness and joy at the report being
substantially true. Though it did seem that Winchester was a natural
sphere for you, I can't help feeling that at Salisbury you can do (D.V.)
what perhaps scarcely any one else could do. And now I rejoice that you
have had the opportunity of speaking with no uncertain sound in your
"Bampton Lectures." Anyone can tell what the Bishop of Salisbury holds
on the great questions of Church Doctrine and Church Government. The
diocese knows already its Bishop, not only by many former but by his
latest book. Surely you will have the confidence of all Churchmen, and
be blessed to do a great work for the glory of God and the edification
of the Church.

'And now, my dear Bishop of Salisbury, you will excuse my writing on
so freely, too freely I fear. I do like to think of you in that most
perfect of Cathedrals. I hope and trust that you will have ere long,
right good fellow-workers in Exeter, Winton, and Bath and Wells.

'But in the colonies you have a congeries of men from all countries, and
with every variety of creed, jumbled up together, with nothing whatever
to hold them together--no reverence--no thoughts of the old parish
church, &c. They are restless, worldly people to a great extent,
thinking of getting on, making money. To such men the very idea of the
Church as a Divine Institution, the mystical Body of the Lord, on which
all graces are bestowed, and through whose ministrations men are trained
in holiness and truth, is wholly unknown. The personal religion of many
a man is sincere; his position and duty as a Churchman he has never
thought about. I wish the clergy would master that part, at all events,
of your Lectures which deals with this great fundamental point, and
then, as they have opportunity, teach it to their people. And by-and-by,
through the collective life of the Church in its synods, &c., many will
come to see it, we may hope.

'I think that I may give you a cheering account of ourselves. I was
nineteen weeks in the islands--met with no adventures worth mentioning,
only one little affair which was rather critical for a few minutes, but
ended very well--and in some of the Solomon Islands made more way than
heretofore with the people. We have 134 Melanesians here and a baby.
George Sarawia and his wife and two children, and two other married
couples--all Communicants--are at Mota, in a nice place, with some
twenty-two lads "boarding" with them, and about thirty more coming to
daily school.

'The vessel was much knocked about in a violent gale in June off Norfolk
Island, and we had to handle her very carefully. The whole voyage was
made with a mainmast badly sprung, and fore topmast very shaky. Mr.
Tilly was very watchful over the spars, and though we had a large share
of squally weather, and for some days, at different times, were becalmed
in a heavy swell, the most trying of all situations to the gear of a
vessel, yet, thank God, all went well, and I have heard of the schooner
safe in Auckland harbour. About forty of our Melanesians here are
Solomon Islanders, from seven different islands; a few came from the New
Hebrides, the rest from the Banks Islands. We are already pretty well
settled down to our work. Indeed, it took only a day or two to get
to work; our old scholars are such great helpers to us. We number six
clergymen here (G. Sarawia being at Mota). Ten or twelve of the sixth
form are teachers. If you care to hear more; I must refer you to a
letter just written to Miss Yonge. But it is not easy to write details
about 134 young people. Their temptations are very great when they
return to their islands; every inducement to profligacy, &c., is held
out to them. One of our young baptized lads fell into sinful ways, and
is not now with us. He was not one of whom we had great expectations,
though we trusted that he would go on steadily. Many others, thank God,
were kept pure and truthful in the midst of it all, refusing even to
sleep one night away from our little hut, and in some cases refusing
even to leave the schooner. "No, I will wait till I am married," said
two lads to me, who were married here to Christian girls on November
24th, "and then go ashore for a time with my young wife. I don't think
I should yield, but I don't want to put myself in the way of such
temptations." And so, when I had naturally expected that they would take
their six weeks' holiday on shore, while the "Southern Cross" went from
Mota to Norfolk Island and back (during my stay at Mota), they remained
on board, rejoining me, as they were two of my boating crew, for the
New Hebrides trip! This was very comforting. And when I married three
couples on November 24th, and knew that they were pure, youths and girls
alike, from the great sin of heathenism, you can well think that my
heart was very full of thankfulness and hope.

'I must end my long letter. How will you find time to read it? Send me
some day a photograph of your beautiful Cathedral.

'Yours very faithfully,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Before the letter to which Bishop Moberly is referred, Mr. Codrington's
bit about the weddings seems appropriate:--

'These wedding days were great festivals, especially before many had
been seen. The Chapel was dressed with flowers, the wedding party in
as new and cheerful attire as could be procured, the English Marriage
Service translated into Mota. We make rings out of sixpences or
threepenny bits. The place before is full of the sound of the hammer
tapping the silver on the marlingspike. The wedding ceremony is
performed with as much solemnity as possible, all the school present in
their new clothes and with flowers in their hair. There is even a kind
of processional Psalm as the wedding party enters the Chapel. There is
of course a holiday, and after the service they all go off, taking with
them the pig that has been killed for the feast. An enormous quantity of
plum pudding awaits them when, in the evening, they come back to prayers
and supper. Rounds of hearty cheers, led off by the Bishop, used
to complete the day. Weddings of this kind between old scholars,
christened, confirmed, and trustworthy, represented much anxiety and
much teaching and expense, but they promise so much, and that so near of
what has been worked for, that they have brought with them extraordinary
pleasure and satisfaction.'


'Norfolk Island: November 24, 1869.

'My dear Cousin,--To-day we married three young couples: the
bridegrooms. Robert Pantatun, William Pasvorang, and Marsden Sawa, who
have been many years with us, and are all Communicants; the brides,
Emily Milerauwe, Lydia Lastitia, and Rhoda Titrakrauwe, who were
baptized a year ago.

'The Chapel was very prettily dressed up with lilies and many other
flowers. The bridegrooms wore white trousers, shirts, &c., the brides
wore pretty simple dresses and flowers in their hair. We crowded as many
persons as possible into our little Chapel. Mr. Nobbs and some ten
or twelve of our Pitcairn friends were all the visitors that we could
manage to make room for.

'Great festivities followed, a large pig was killed yesterday and eaten
to-day, and Mr. Palmer had manufactured puddings without end, a new kind
of food to many of the present set of scholars, but highly appreciated
by most of them. Then followed in the evening native dances and songs,
and a supper to end with, with cheers for the brides and bridegrooms.

'There are now six married couples here, three more at Mota, and one or
two more weddings will take place soon. Very fortunately, a vessel came
from Auckland only three or four days ago, the first since the "Southern
Cross," in June, It brought not only five mails for us English folk,
but endless packages and boxes for the Mission, ordered by us long ago,
stores, clothing, &c. We had all ordered more or less in the way of
presents for scholars, and though we keep most of these treasures for
Christmas gifts, yet some are distributed now.

'These presents are for the most part really good things. It is quite
useless for kind friends to send presents to Melanesians as they would
do to an English lad or girl. To begin with, most of our scholars are
grown up, and are more like English young people of twenty or eighteen
years old than like boys and girls, and not a few are older still; and
secondly, no Melanesian, old or young, cares a rush about a toy. They,
boys and girls, men and women, take a practical view of a present, and
are the very reverse of sentimental about it, though they really do like
a photograph of a friend. But a mere Brummagem article that won't stand
wear is quite valueless in their eyes.

'Whatever is given them, cheap or dear, is estimated according to its
usefulness; and whatever is given, though it may cost but a shilling,
must be good of its kind. For example, a rough-handled, single-bladed
knife, bought for a shilling, they fully appreciate; but a knife with
half-a-dozen blades, bought for eighteen-pence, they would almost throw
away. And so about everything else. I mention this as a hint to kind
friends. They do like to hear that people think of them and are kind to
them, but they don't understand why useless things should be sent from
the other end of the world when they could buy much better things with
their own money out of the mission store here.

'They are very fond of anything in the way of notebooks, 8vo and 12mo
sizes (good paper), writing-cases (which must be good if given at all),
patent safety inkstands--these things are useful on board ship, and can
be carried to the islands and brought back again safely. Work-baskets
or boxes for the girls, with good serviceable needles, pins, thread,
scissors, thimbles, tapes, &c. &c., not a plaything. Here we can buy for
them, or keep in the store for them to buy, many things that are much
too bulky to send from a distance, the freight would be ruinous. The
"Southern Cross" brings them usually to us. Such things I mean as good
carpet-bags, from 5s. to 10s., stout tin boxes with locks and keys,
axes, tools, straw hats, saucepans, good strong stuff (tweed or
moleskin) for trousers and shirts, which they cut out and make up for
themselves, quite understanding the inferior character of "slop" work,
good flannel for under-shirts, or for making up into Crimean shirts,
Nottingham drill, good towelling, huckaback, &c., ought to be
worth while to send out, and if bought in large quantities at the
manufacturer's, it would pay us to get it in England, especially if the
said manufacturer reduced the price a little in consequence of the use
to be made of his goods.

'Dull small blue beads are always useful, ditto red. Bright glittering
ones are no use, few Melanesians would take them as a gift. Some
islanders like large beads, as big or bigger than boys' marbles. These
are some hints to any kind people who may wish to contribute in kind
rather than in money.

'Mr. Codrington has given these fellows a great taste for gardening.
Much of their spare hours (which are not many) are spent in digging up,
fencing in and preparing little pieces of land close about the station,
two or three lads generally making up a party, and frequently the party
consists of lads and young men from different islands. Then they have
presents of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, &c., from Mr. Codrington chiefly,
and Mrs. Palmer and others contribute. Some of these little gardens are
really very nicely laid out in good taste and well looked after. They
have an eye to the practically useful here too, as every garden has its
stock of bananas, and here and there we see the sugar-cane too.

'From 3.30 P.M. to 6 P.M. is the play time, although they do not all
have this time to themselves. For three lads must milk from 5 to 6, one
or two must drive in the cows, seven or eight are in the kitchen, three
or four must wash the horses, one must drive the sheep into the
fold, all but the milkers have only their one week of these diverse
occupations. There are about twelve head cooks, who choose their helpers
(the whole school, minus the milkers and two or three overlookers, being
included), and so the cooking work comes only once in twelve weeks. The
cooks of the one week drive up the cows and water the horses the next
week, and then there is no extra work, that is, nothing but the
regular daily work from 9.30 A.M. after school to 1 P.M. Wednesday is
a half-holiday, Saturday a whole holiday. There are six milkers, one of
whom is responsible for the whole. One receives 2s. 0d. per week, his
chief mate 1s. 6d., and the other four 1s. each. They take it in turns,
three each week. This is the hardest work in one sense; it brings them
in from their play and fishing, or gardening, &c., and so they are paid
for it. We do not approve of the white man being paid for everything,
and the Melanesian being expected to work habitually extra hours for
nothing. There are many other little extra occupations for which we take
care that those engaged in them shall have some reward, and as a
matter of fact a good deal of money finds its way into the hands of the
storekeeper, and a very fair amount of 3d., 4d. and 6d. pieces may be
seen every Sunday in the offertory bason.

'Perhaps I should say that we have seldom seen here any indications of
these Melanesians expecting money or presents; but we want to destroy
the idea in their minds of their being fags by nature, and to help them
to have some proper self-respect and independence of character. We see
very little in them to make us apprehensive of their being covetous or
stingy, and indisposed to give service freely.

'School hours 8-9.20, 2-3.30, singing 7-8 P.M., chapel 6.45 A.M., 6.30
P.M.

'Of the 134 Melanesians, besides the baby, ten are teachers, and with
their help we get on very fairly. There are sixteen of us teachers in
all, so that the classes are not too large.

'Mr. Codrington takes at present the elder Banks Islanders, Mr. Palmer
the next class, and Mr. Bice the youngest set of boys from the same
group.

'Mr. Atkin takes the Southern Solomon Islanders, and Mr. Brooke those
from the northern parts of the same group. I have been taking some
Leper's Islanders and Maiwo or Aurora Islanders as new comers, and other
classes occasionally.

'Out of so many we shall weed out a good number no doubt. At present we
don't condemn any as hopelessly dull, but it will not be worth while to
spend much time upon lads who in five months must go home for good, and
some such there must be; we cannot attempt to teach all, dull and clever
alike. We must make selections, and in so doing often, I dare say, make
mistakes. But what can we do?

'Our new hall is a great success. We had all the framework sawn out
here; it is solid, almost massive work, very unlike the flimsy wooden
buildings that are run up in a week or two in most colonial villages.
It is so large that our party of 145, plus 9 English, sit in the aisles
without occupying any part of the middle of the room. This gives us
ample accommodation for the present. Indeed we might increase our
numbers to 200 without any more buildings being necessary. The married
people give the most trouble in this respect, as they have their
separate rooms, and four or five married couples take up more room than
three times the number of single folk. However we have here room for
all, I am thankful to say, though we must build again if more of our
young people take it into their heads to be married. They pass on
quickly, however, when married, into the next stage, the life in their
own islands, and so they leave their quarters here for some successors.

'I hope you can understand this attempt at a description, but I never
could write properly about such things, and never shall do so, I
suppose. I like the life, I know, a great deal better than I can write
about it. Indeed, it is a quiet restful life here, comparatively. Some
anxieties always, of course, but, as compared with the distractions of
New Zealand life, it is pleasant indeed. We have very few interruptions
here to the regular employment of our time, and need not waste any of
it in visits or small talk, which seems to be a necessary, though most
wearisome part of civilised life.

'Your namesake goes on well; not a clever girl, but very steady and
good; her sister and brother are here; the sisters are much alike
in character and ability, the brother is sharper. You will, I know,
specially think of George Sarawia and his wife Sarah at Mota, with
Charles and Ellen, Benjamin and Marion. They are all Communicants,
but the temptations which surround them are very great, and early
familiarity with heathen practices and modes of thought may yet deaden
the conscience to the quick apprehension of the first approaches of sin.
They do indeed need the earnest prayers of all.

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


How many sons who have lost a mother at fifteen or sixteen dwell on the
thought like this affectionate spirit, twenty-seven years later?


'Advent Sunday, November 20, 1869.

'It is a solemn thing to begin a new year on the anniversary of our dear
Mother's death. I often think whether she would approve of this or that
opinion, action, &c. Wright's painting is pleasant to look upon. I stand
in a corner of my room, at father's old mahogany desk. Her picture and
his, the large framed photographs from Richmond's drawing, and a good
photograph of the Bishop are just above. I wish you could see my room. I
write now on December 3, a bright summer day, but my room with its
deep verandah is cool and shady. It is true that I refuse carpet and
curtains. They only hold dust and make the room fusty. But the whole
room is filled with books, and those pictures, and the Lionardo da Vinci
over the fireplace, and Mr. Boxall's photograph over it, and his
drawing vis-a-vis to it at the other end of the room, and by my window a
splendid gloxinia with fine full flowers out in a very pretty porcelain
pot, both Mr. Codrington's gift. On another glass stand (also his
present) a Mota flower imported here, a brilliant scarlet hibiscus,
and blossoms of my creepers and bignonia, most beautiful. So fresh
and pretty. The steps of the verandah are a mass of honeysuckle. The
stephanotis, with the beautiful scented white flowers and glossy leaves,
covers one of the posts. How pleasant it is. Everyone is kind, all are
well, all are going on well just now. Such are missionary comforts.
Where the hardships are I have not yet discovered. Your chain, dear
Joan, is round my neck, and the locket (Mamma's) in which you, Fan, put
the hair of you five, hangs on it.

'I am dipping my pen into the old silver inkstand which used to be in
the front drawing-room. Every morning at about 5 A.M. I have a cup
of tea or coffee, and use Grandmamma Coleridge's old-fashioned silver
cream-jug, and the cup and saucer which Augusta sent out years ago,
my old christening spoon, and the old silver tea-pot and salver. Very
grand, but I like the old things.

'This day fortnight (D.V.) I ordain J. Atkin and C. H. Brooke Priests.

'I have no time to answer your April and September letters. I rejoice
with all my heart to hear of Dr. Moberly's appointment. What a joyful
event for Charlotte Yonge. That child Pena sent me Shairp's (dear old
Shairp) book, which I wanted. I must write to Sophy as soon as I can.
You will forgive if I have seemed to be, or really have been, unmindful
of your sorrows and anxieties. Sometimes I think I am in too great a
whirl to think long enough to realise and enter into all your doings.

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. P.'


The intended letter to Mrs. Martyn was soon written. The death there
referred to was that of Mrs. William Coleridge, widow of the Bishop of
Barbadoes:--


'Norfolk Island: December 14, 1869.

'My dear Sophy,--I should be specially thinking of you as Christmas
draws nigh with its blessed thoughts, and hopes, and the St. Stephen's
memories in any case I should be thinking of you. But now I have lately
received your long loving letter of last Eastertide, partly written in
bed.

Then your dear child's illness makes me think greatly (and how
lovingly!) of you three of the three generations. Lastly, I hear of dear
Aunt William's death. You know that I had a very great affection for
her, and I feel that this is a great blow probably to you all, though
dear Aunty (as I have noticed in all old persons, especially when good
as well as old) takes this quietly, I dare say. The feeling must be,
"Well, I shall soon meet her again; a few short days only remain."

'I suppose that you, with your quarter of a century's widowhood, still
feel as if the waiting time was all sanctified by the thought of the
reunion. Oh! what a thought it is: too much almost to think that by
His wonderful mercy, one may hope to be with them all, and for ever;
to behold the faces of Apostles, and Apostolic men, and Prophets, and
Saints, holy men and women; and, as if this were not enough, to see
Him as He is, in His essential perfections, and to know Him. One can't
sustain the effort of such a thought, which shows how great a change
must pass on one before the great Consummation. Well, the more one can
think of dear Father and Mother, and dear dear Uncle James and Uncle
Frank, and Cousin George, and Uncle and Aunt William, others too, uncles
and aunts, and your dear Fanny, and your husband, though it would be
untrue to say I knew him, taken so early--the more one thinks of them
all the better. And I have, Sophy, so many very different ones to think
of Edwin and Fisher, and so many Melanesians taken away in the very
first earnestness and simplicity of a new convert's faith. How many have
died in my arms--God be thanked--in good hope!

'If by His great mercy there be a place for me there, I feel persuaded
that I shall there find many of those dear lads, whom indeed I think of
with a full heart, full of affection and thankfulness.

'I have been reading the "Memoir of Mr. Keble," of course with extreme
interest. It is all about events and chiefly about persons that one has
heard about or even known. I think we get a little autobiography of our
dear Uncle John in it too, for which I don't like it the less.

There are passages, as against going to Borne, which I am glad to see in
print; they are wanted now again, I fear. I am glad you like Moberly's
"Bampton Lectures." His book on "The Great Forty Days," his best
book (?) after all, has the germ of it all. I am so thankful for his
appointment to Salisbury. I dare say you know that he is kind enough to
write to me occasionally; and he sends me his books, one of the greatest
of the indirect blessings of being known to Mr. Keble. I do very little
in the way of reading, save that I get a quiet hour for Hebrew, 5-6
A.M., and I do read some theology. In one sense it is easier reading to
me than other books, history, poetry, because, though I don't know much
about it, I know nothing about them.

'My pleasure would be, if with you, in talking over such little insight
as I may have received into the wondrous harmony and symmetry of the
whole Bible, by tolerably close examination of the text of the Greek,
and to some extent of the Hebrew. The way in which a peculiar word
brings a whole passage or argument en rapport with a train of historical
associations or previous statements is wonderful; e.g., the verb of
which Moses is formed occurs only in Exodus ii. 10, 2 Samuel xxii. 17,
Psalm xviii. 16. See how the magnificent description of the Passage of
the Red Sea in Psalm xviii. is connected with Moses by this one word.
These undesigned coincidences, and (surely) proofs of inspiration are
innumerable.

'I do delight in it: only I want more help, far more. We have great
advantages in this generation. Dear Uncle James had no Commentary,
one might almost say, on Old Testament or New Testament. Ellicott,
Wordsworth, and Alford on the New Testament were not in existence; and
the Germans, used with discrimination, are great helps. An orthodox
Lutheran, one Delitzsch (of whom Liddon wrote that Dr. Pusey thinks
highly of his Hebrew scholarship), helps me much in Isaiah. He has
sucked all the best part out of Vitringa's enormous book, and added
much minute, and I am told correct criticism. And how grand it is! This
morning--it is now 6.15 A.M.--I have been reading part of that wonderful
chapter xxvi.

'It strikes me that the way to teach a class or a congregation is to
bring out the doctrine from the very words of Scripture carefully,
critically examined and explained. Only think, Sophy, of the vague
desultory way in which we all, more or less, read; and we have accepted
a phraseology without enquiring to a great extent, and use words to
which we attach no definite meaning. Few in the congregation could
draw out in clear words what they mean when they talk of faith,
justification, regeneration, conversion, &c. &c. All language denoting
ideas and thoughts is transferred to the region of the mind from
denoting at first only external objects and sensations. This is in
accordance with the mystery of all, the union of mind and matter--which
no pagan philosopher could comprehend--the extreme difficulty of solving
which caused Dualism and Asceticism on the one hand, and neglect of all
bodily discipline on the other. Mind and matter must be antagonistic,
the work of different beings: man must get rid of his material part to
arrive at his true end and perfection.

'So some said, "Mortify, worry the body, which is essentially and
inherently evil." "No," said others, "the sins of the body don't hurt
the mind; the two things are distinct, don't react on one another."
(St. Paul deals with all this in the Colossians.) The Incarnation is the
solution or the culmination of the mystery.

'What a prose! but I meant, that people so often use words as if the use
of a word was equivalent to the knowledge of the thought which, in the
mind of an accurate thinker, accompanies the utterance of the word.

'I should think that three-fourths of what we clergymen say is
unintelligible to the mass of the congregation. We assume an
acquaintance with the Bible and Prayer-book, thought, and a knowledge of
the meaning of words which few, alas! possess. We must begin, then, with
the little ones; as far as I see, all children are apt to fail at the
point when they ought to be passing from merely employing the memory (in
learning by heart, e.g., the Catechism) by exercising the reasoning and
thinking faculty.

'"Well now, you have said that very well, now let us think what it
means."

'How well Dr. Pusey says, in his Sermons, "Not altogether intentional
deliberate vice, but thoughtlessness is destroying souls."

'I run on at random, dear Sophy, hoping to give you one and a half
hour's occupation on a sick bed or couch, and because, as you say, this
is the only converse we are likely to have on earth.

'I think I am too exclusively fond of this reading, very little else
interests me. I take up a theological book as a recreation, which is,
perhaps, hardly reverent, and may narrow the mind; but even Church
history is not very attractive to me. I like Jackson and Hooker, and
some of the moderns, of whom I read a good many; and I lose a good deal
of time in diving into things too deep by half for me, while I forget or
don't learn simple things.

'All this modern rage for reviews, serials, magazines, I can't abide.
My mind is far too much distracted already, and that fragmentary mode of
reading is very bad for many people, I am sure.

'Naturally enough at forty-two years of age ninety-nine hundredths
of the "lighter" books seem to me mere rubbish. They come to me
occasionally. However, there are younger ones here, so it isn't sheer
waste to receive such donations: they soon get out of my room. Not,
mind you, that I think this the least evidence of my being wiser, or
employing my time more carefully than other folk. Only I want you to
know what I am, and what I think.

'Pena has sent me a nice book which I wanted: 1st. Because I have a
great personal liking for Shairp, a simple-minded, affectionate man,
with much poetical feeling and good taste-a kindly-natured man. 2nd.
Because he writes in an appreciative kind of way, and is the
very opposite of .... whom I can't stand with his insufferable
self-sufficiency, and incapacity for appreciating the nobler, simpler,
more generous natures who are unlike him. Well! that is fierce. But
there is a school of men whom I can't stand. Their nature repels me, and
I hardly wish to like them; which is an evil feeling.

'I shall add a line in a few days.

'My very dearest love to Aunty--dear Aunty; and if I can't write to
Pena, give her my best love and thanks for her book.

'Dear Sophy, your loving Cousin,

'J. C. P.'


Two other letters, one to each of the sisters, were in progress at
this time. To Joanna, who had been grieved for the poor girl whose
transgression had occurred in the beginning of the year, he says:--

'About Semtingvat, you must be comforted about her. For a poor child
who, two short years before, had assumed as a matter of course that a
woman simply existed to be a man's slave in every kind of way, her fault
could not, I think, be regarded as very great. Indeed, there was much
comfort from the first; and since that time they not only have gone
on well, but I do believe that their religious character has been
much strengthened by the kind of revelation they then obtained of what
Christianity really does mean. Anyhow, all notice the fact that U----
has improved very much, and they all sing Semtingvat's praises. I had no
difficulty about marrying them after a little while. I spoke openly in
chapel to everyone about it. Their wedding was not as other weddings--no
festivity, no dressing of the chapel, no feast, no supper and fun and
holiday. It was perfectly understood to be in all respects different
from a bright, happy wedding. But it was quite as much for the sake of
all, for the sake of enforcing the new teaching about the sanctity of
marriage, that we made so very much of what (as men speak) was under the
circumstances a comparatively light fault, less than an impure thought
on the part of such as have been taught their duty from their childhood.

'I am almost confused with the accounts from England. All seems in a
state of turmoil and confusion; all the old landmarks being swept away
by a deluge of new opinions as to all matters civil and ecclesiastical.
I don't think that we ought to refuse to see these signs of a change in
men's mode of regarding great political and religious questions. A man
left high and dry on the sand-bank of his antiquated notions will do
little good to the poor folk struggling in the sea way, though he is
safer as far as he is himself concerned by staying where he is than by
plunging in to help them.

'It is a critical time in every sense. Men and women can hardly be
indifferent; they must be at the pains of making up their minds. As for
us clergy, everywhere but in Norfolk Island, we must know that people
are thinking of matters which all were content a few years ago to
keep back in silence, and that they expect us to speak about them. How
thankful I am that we fortunate ones are exempt from this. Yet in my way
I, too, try to think a bit about what is going on; and I don't want
to be too gloomy, or to ignore some good in all this ferment in men's
minds. It is better than stagnation and indolent respectability. There
is everywhere a consciousness of a vast work to be done, and sincere
efforts are made to do it. I suppose that is a fact; many, many poor
souls are being taught and trained for heaven through all these various
agencies which seem to a distant and idle critic to be so questionable
in some ways.

'Of old one thought that the sober standard of Church of England
divinity was the rule to which all speculations should be reduced; and
one thought that Pearson, Hooker, Waterland, Jeremy Taylor also, and
Andrewes, and Bull, and Jackson, and Barrow, &c., stood for the idea of
English divinity. Now we are launched upon a wider sea. Catholic usage
and doctrine take the place of Church of England teaching and practice;
rightly, I dare say, only it may be well to remember that men who can
perhaps understand a good deal of the English divines, can hardly be
supposed to be equally capable of understanding the far wider and
more difficult range of ecclesiastical literature of all ages and all
writers.

'Everyone knows and is struck by the fact that passages of old writers
are continually quoted by men of quite different schools of thought
in favour of their own (different) views. Clearly they can't both
understand the mind and spirit of these writers; and the truth is, isn't
it, that only they who by very long study, and from a large share of the
true historical imagination, sympathise with and really enter into the
hearts and minds of these writers, are competent to deal with and decide
upon such wide and weighty matters?

'It seems to me as if men who are in no sense divines, theologians, or
well read, speak strongly and use expressions and teach doctrines which,
indeed, only very few men should think of uttering or teaching.

'And yet, don't think I wish to be only an exclusive Anglican, without
sympathy for East or West; still less that I wish to ignore the Catholic
Church of the truly primitive times; but I take the real, so to say,
representative teaching of the Church of England to be the divinity
of the truly primitive Church, to which our formularies and reformers
appeal. I know, moreover, that our dear Father accepted Jackson and
Waterland; and I don't feel disposed to disparage them, as it is the
fashion to do nowadays. Few men, in spite of occasional scholastic
subtlety, go so deep in their search right down into principles as
Jackson. Few men so analyse, dissect, search out the precise, exact
meaning of words and phrases, so carry you away from vague generalities
to accurate defined meanings and doctrines. He had an honest and clear
brain of his own, though he was a tremendous book-worm; and I think
he is a great authority, though I know about him and his antagonism to
Rome. I don't fear to weary you by this kind of talk; but don't I wish
I could hear three or four of our very best men discuss these points
thoroughly. In all sincerity I believe that I should be continually
convinced of error, shallow judgments, and ignorance. But then I should
most likely get real light on some points where I would fain have it.'

To this unconscious token of humility, another must be added, from the
same letter, speaking of two New Zealand friends:--'To me she has always
been kindness itself, with her husband overrating me to such an amusing
extent that I don't think it hurt even my vanity.'

Full preparation was going on for the ordination, of the two priests.

No special account of the actual service seems to have been written; and
the first letter of January was nearly absorbed by the tidings of the
three Episcopal appointments of the close of 1869, the Oxford choice
coming near to Bishop Patteson by his family affections, and the
appointment to Exeter as dealing with his beloved county at home.

And now, before turning the page, and leaving the period that had, on
the whole, been full of brightness, will be the best time to give Mr.
Codrington's account of the manner of life at St. Barnabas, while the
Bishop was still in his strength:--

'Certainly one of the most striking points to a stranger would have been
the familiar intercourse between the Bishop and his boys, not only
the advanced scholars, but the last and newest comers. The kindly and
friendly disposition of the Melanesians leads to a great deal of free
and equal familiarity even where there are chiefs, and the obsequious
familiarity of which one hears in India is here quite unknown.
Nevertheless, I doubt very much whether other Melanesians live in
the same familiarity with their missionaries--e.g., Carry, wife of
Wadrokala, writes thus:--"I tremble very much to write to you, I am not
fit to write to you, because, does an ant know how to speak to a cow? We
at Nengone would not speak to a great man like you; no, our language is
different to a chief and a missionary."

'Making every allowance, and, looking at the matter from within, that
perfect freedom and affectionateness of intercourse that existed with
him seems very remarkable.

'The secret of it is not far to seek. It did not lie in any singular
attractiveness of his manner only, but in the experience that everyone
attracted gained that he sought nothing for himself; he was entirely
free from any desire to be admired, or love of being thought much of, as
he was from love of commanding for the sake of being obeyed. The great
temptations to missionaries among savage people, as it seems, are
to self-esteem, from a comparison of themselves with their European
advantages and the natives among whom they live; and to a domineering
temper, because they find an obedience ready, and it is delightful to be
obeyed. Bishop Patteson's natural disposition was averse to either, and
the principles of missionary work which he took up suited at once his
natural temper and his religious character. He was able naturally,
without effort, to live as a brother among his black brothers, to be the
servant of those he lived to teach. The natural consequence of this was,
the unquestioned authority which he possessed over those with whom he
lived on equal terms. No one could entertain the idea that anything was
ordered from a selfish motive, for any advantage to himself, or that
anything was forbidden without some very good reason. This familiarity
with a superior, which is natural with Melanesians, is accompanied,
especially in Banks Islanders, with a very great reserve about anything
that touches the feelings or concerns character. Thus a boy, who would
use the Bishop's room as if it were his own, coming in unasked, to read
or write, or sit by the fire there, would with very great difficulty get
over the physical trembling, which their language implies, that would
come upon him, if he wished to speak about his own feelings on religious
matters, or to tell him something which he well knew it was his duty to
make known. When one knows how difficult it is to them to speak openly,
their openness with the Bishop is more appreciated, though he indeed
often enough complained of their closeness with him. The real affection
between the boys and the Bishop required no acquaintance with the
character of either to discern, and could surprise no one who knew
anything of the history of their relation one to another. It is well
known that he wished his elder boys to stand in the place of the sixth
form of a public school; and to some extent they did so, but being
mostly Banks Islanders, and Banks Islanders being peculiarly afraid of
interfering with one another, his idea was never reached. Still no
doubt a good deal is attained when they arrive rather at the position of
pupil-teacher in a National School; and this at least they occupy very
satisfactorily, as is shown by the success with which so large a school
has been carried on since the Bishop's death. No doubt the Ordination
of more from among their number would go far to raise them in their own
estimation.

'In truth, the carrying out of the principle of the equality of black
and white in a missionary work, which is the principle of this mission,
is very difficult, and cannot be done in all particulars in practice
by anyone, and by most people, unless brought up to it, probably not at
all. Nevertheless, it is practicable, and, as we think, essential, and
was in all main points carried out by Bishop Patteson. But the effect of
this must not be exaggerated. It is true that we have no servants, yet a
boy regularly brought water, &c., for the Bishop, and a woman regularly
swept and cleaned his rooms, and received regular wages for it.
The Bishop never cooked his dinner or did any such work except upon
occasions on which a bachelor curate in England does much of the kind,
as a matter of course. The extraordinary thing is that it is, as he at
any rate supposed, the custom in other missions to make scholars and
converts servants as a matter of course; and the difference lies not in
the work which is done or not done by the one party or the other, but
in the social relation of equality which subsists between them, and the
spirit in which the work is asked for and rendered.

'The main thing to notice about the Bishop is that there was nothing
forced or unnatural in his manner of taking a position of equality, and
equality as real in any way as his superiority in another. Consequently,
there was never the least loss of dignity or authority on his part.

'There never was visible the smallest diminution of freedom and
affection in the intercourse that went on. It required some knowledge
in one respect to appreciate the extraordinary facility with which he
conversed with boys from various islands. A stranger would be struck
with his bright smiles and sweet tones as he would address some little
stranger who came into his room; but one who knew a little of the
languages alone could know with what extraordinary quickness he
passed from one language to another, talking to many boys in their own
language, but accommodating his tongue with wonderful readiness to
each in succession. It would be hard to say how many languages he could
speak; those which he spoke quite freely, to my knowledge, were not so
many: Mota, Bauro, Mahaga, and Nengone, certainly; some others no doubt
quite readily when among the people who spoke them; and very many only
with a small vocabulary which was every instant being enlarged. It does
not appear to me that his scientific philological acquirements were
extraordinary; but that his memory for words giving him such a command
of vocabulary, and so wide a scope for comparison, and his accurate and
delicate ear to catch the sounds, and power of reproducing them, were
altogether wonderful and very rarely equalled. A man of his faculty of
expression and powers of mind could not speak like a native; he spoke
better than a native, than a native of Mota at least. That is that,
although no doubt he never was quite master of the little delicate
points of Mota scholarship, which no one not a native can keep quite
right, and no native can account for, yet his vocabulary was so large
and accurate, and his feeling of the native ways of looking at things
and representing them in words so true, that he spoke to them more
clearly and forcibly than even any native spoke, and with the power of
an educated mind controlling while following the native taste. He was an
enthusiast, no doubt, about these languages, and jealous of their claim
to be considered true language, and not what people suppose them to be,
the uncouth jargon of savages. I will only say that his translations
of some of the Psalms into Mota are as lofty in their diction and as
harmonious in their rhythm, in my estimation, as anything almost I read
in any language. This no doubt sounds exaggerated, and must be taken
only for what it is worth.

'It was probably in a great measure because his natural power of
acquiring languages was so extraordinary, and needed so very little
labour in him, that he did so very little to put on paper what he knew
of all those many tongues. All there is in print I have put together.
Besides this, he carried the same unfortunate way of leaving off what he
had begun into these notes on language also. In the year '63-'64 he got
printed a number of small grammatical papers in almost all the languages
he knew, because he felt he ought not to subject them to the risk
of being lost. Another reason why he did not go into any laborious
manuscript or printing work with the various languages was, that he
saw as time went on, first, that it was so very uncertain what language
would come in practice into request; and, secondly, that one
language would suffice for the use, in practice, of all natives of a
neighbourhood. For example, the language of part of Mae (Three Hills),
in the New Hebrides, was once studied and well known. Nothing whatever
came of the intercourse with that island, once so constant, I don't know
why, and now the people themselves are destroyed almost, and hopes of
doing them good destroyed by the slave trade. And, secondly, the use
of the Mota language in our ordinary intercourse here has very much
diminished the need for any one's knowing a particular language beyond
the missionary who has charge of the boys who speak it. Thus the Bishop
rather handed over the language of Bauro to Mr. Atkin, of Florida to Mr.
Brooke, of Leper's Island to Mr. Price; and as the common teaching of
all boys who belonged to either of the principal groups into which the
school fell went on in Mota, there was no practical use in the other
tongues the Bishop knew, except in his voyages, and in giving him more
effectual powers of influencing those to whom he could speak in their
own tongue. Besides, he saw so clearly the great advantage, on the one
hand, of throwing together in every possible way the boys from all the
islands, which was much helped by the use of one language, and, on the
other hand, the natural tendency in a group of boys from one island or
neighbourhood to keep separate, and of the teacher of a particular set
to keep them separate with himself, that, without saying much about
it, he discouraged the printing of other languages besides Mota, and
in other ways kept them rather in the background. How things would have
arranged themselves if Mota had not by circumstances come into such
prominence I cannot say, but the predominance of Mota came in with the
internal organisation of the Mission by Mr. Pritt. It is impossible for
one who knew Bishop Patteson intimately, and the later condition of the
Mission intimately, to lose sight for long of Mr. Pritt's influence and
his useful work.'

Perhaps this chapter can best be completed by the external testimony
of a visitor to Norfolk Island, given in a letter to the Editor of the
'Australian Churchman':--

'Daily at 7 A.M. the bell rings for chapel about one minute, and
all hands promptly repair thither. In spite of the vast varieties of
language and dialect spoken by fifty or sixty human beings, collected
from twenty or thirty islets of the Pacific main, no practical
difficulty has been found in using the Mota as the general language
in Chapel and school, so that in a short time a congregation of twenty
languages are able to join in worship in the one Mota tongue, more or
less akin to all the rest, and a class of, say, nine boys, speaking
by nature five different languages, easily join in using the one Mota
language, just as a Frenchman, a German, a Russian, a Pole, an Italian,
and an Englishman, all meeting in the same cafe or railway carriage, on
the same glacier or mountain top, might harmoniously agree to use the
French language as their medium of communication. So the service is
conducted in Mota with one exception only. The collect for the day is
read in English, as a brief allowable concession to the ears and hearts
of the English members of the Mission. The service consists of
the greater part of the Church of England Service translated.
Some modifications have been made to suit the course of religious
instruction. The Psalms are chanted and hymns sung in parts, and always
in admirable tune, by the congregation. Noteworthy are the perfect
attention, the reverent attitude, the hearty swing and unison of the
little congregation, a lesson, I felt with shame, to many of our white
congregations.

'Immediately after service clinks out the breakfast bell, and, with
marvellous promptitude and punctuality, whites and blacks, lay and
clerical, are seen flocking to the mess-room. The whites sit at the
upper end of the table, but beyond the special privilege of tea, all
fare alike, chiefly on vegetables: yams or sweet potatoes, and carrots
or vegetable marrows, as may suit the season, with plenty of biscuit
for more ambitious teeth, and plenty of milk to wash it down. Soon
afterwards comes school for an hour and a half. Then work for the boys
and men, planting yams, reaping wheat, mowing oats, fencing, carting,
building, as the call may be, only no caste distinction or ordering
about; it is not go and do that, but come and do this, whether the
leader be an ordained clergyman, a white farm bailiff, or a white
carpenter. This is noteworthy, and your readers will gain no clear idea
of the Mission if they do not seize this point, for it is no matter of
mere detail, but one of principle. The system is not that of the ship
or the regiment, of the farm or the manufactory of the old country, but
essentially of the family. It is not the officer or master saying "Go"
but the father or the brother saying "Come." And to this, I firmly
believe, is the hearty cheerful following and merry work of the blacks
chiefly due. At 1 P.M. is dinner, much the same as breakfast. Meat,
though not unknown, is the weak point of the Mission dietary. In the
afternoon, work. At 6, tea. In the evening, class again for an hour
or two; this evening class being sometimes a singing lesson, heartily
enjoyed by the teacher. I forget precisely when the boys have to prepare
matter arising out of the lessons they have received viva voce.

'There are evening prayers, and bed-time is early. Noteworthy are the
happy conjunctions of perfect discipline with perfect jollity, the
marvellous attainment of a happy familiarity which does not "breed
contempt."

'I presume I need scarcely say to your readers that besides education
in reading, writing, and arithmetic, through the medium of the Mota
language, instruction in the Holy Scriptures and the most careful
explanations of their meaning and mutual relation, forms a main part of
the teaching given. The men and boys of the senior classes take notes;
notes not by order expressly to be inspected, but, so to say, private
notes for the aid of their memories; and from the translation given to
me by Bishop Patteson of some of these, I should say that few, if any,
of the senior class of an English Sunday School could give anything like
so close, and sometimes philosophical, an explanation of Scripture, and
that sometimes in remarkably few words.

'There remains to be noticed one most effectual means of doing good.
After evening school, the Bishop, his clergy, and his aides, retire
mostly into their own rooms. Then, quietly and shyly, on this night or
the other night, one or two, three or four of the more intelligent of
the black boys steal silently up to the Bishop's side, and by fits
and starts, slowly, often painfully, tell their feelings, state their
difficulties, ask for help, and, I believe, with God's blessing, rarely
fail to find it. They are not gushing as negroes, but shy as Englishmen;
we Englishmen ought, indeed, to have a fellow-feeling for these poor
black boys and help them with all our hearts.

'Such is the routine for five of the six work days. Saturday is whole
holiday, and all hands go to fish if the sea permits; if not, to play
rounders or what not. Merry lads they are, as ever gladdened an English
playground.

'On Sunday, the early Chapel is omitted. The full Liturgy is divided
into two services--I forget the laws--and a kind of sermon in Mota is
given; and in the afternoon, the Bishop, or one of the ordained members
of the Mission, usually goes down to the town to relieve Mr. Nobbs in
his service for the Pitcairners.

'As regards the manual work of the station, this general principle is
observed--women for washing and house-work; the men for planting and
out-of-door work; but no one, white or black, is to be too grand to do
his share. The Bishop's share, indeed, is to study and investigate and
compare the languages and necessary translations, but no one is to
be above manual labour. No one, because he is a white man, is to say,
"Here, black fellow, come and clean my boots." "Here, black people,
believe that I have come to give you a treasure of inestimable price.
Meantime, work for me, am I not your superior? Can I not give you money,
calico, what not?"

'This Christian democracy, if I may so call it, has worked well in the
long run.'

This observer does seem to have entered well into the spirit of the
place; and there can be no doubt that the plan and organisation of the
Mission had by this time been well tested and both found practicable,
and, as at present worked, more than ordinarily successful. The college
was in full working order, with a staff of clergy, all save one formed
under the Bishop, one native deacon and two teachers living with their
wives in a population that was fast becoming moulded by the influence
of Christianity, many more being trained up, and several more islands
in course of gradual preparation by the same process as was further
advanced in Mota.

Such were the achievements which could be thankfully recounted by the
end of 1869.




CHAPTER XII. THE LAST EIGHTEEN MONTHS. 1870-1871.



The prosperous days of every life pass away at last. Suffering and
sorrow, failure and reverse are sure to await all who live out anything
like their term of years, and the missionary is perhaps more liable than
other men to meet with a great disappointment. 'Success but signifies
vicissitude,' and looking at the history of the growth of the Church, it
is impossible not to observe that almost in all cases, immediately upon
any extensive progress, there has followed what seems like a strong
effort of the Evil One at its frustration, either by external
persecution, reaction of heathenism, or, most fatally and frequently
during the last 300 years, from the reckless misdoings of unscrupulous
sailors and colonists. The West Indies, Japan, America, all have the
same shameful tale to tell--what wonder if the same shadow were to be
cast over the Isles of the South?

It is one of the misfortunes, perhaps the temptations of this modern
world, that two of its chief necessaries, sugar and cotton, require a
climate too hot for the labour of men who have intelligence enough to
grow and export them on a large scale, and who are therefore compelled,
as they consider, to employ the forced toil of races able to endure
heat. The Australian colony of Queensland is unfit to produce wheat, but
well able to grow sugar, and the islands of Fiji, which the natives have
implored England to annex, have become the resort of numerous planters
and speculators. There were 300 white inhabitants in the latter at the
time of the visit of the 'Curacoa' in 1865. In 1871 the numbers were
from 5,000 to 6,000. Large sheep farms have been laid out, and sugar
plantations established.

South Sea Islanders are found to have much of the negro toughness and
docility, and, as has been seen, when away from their homes they are
easily amenable, and generally pleasant in manner, and intelligent.
Often too they have a spirit of enterprise, which makes them willing to
leave home, or some feud with a neighbour renders it convenient. Thus
the earlier planters did not find it difficult to procure willing
labourers, chiefly from those southern New Hebrides, Anaiteum, Tanna,
Erromango, &c., which were already accustomed to intercourse with
sandal-wood traders, had resident Scottish or London missionaries, and
might have a fair understanding of what they were undertaking.

The Fiji islanders themselves had been converted by Wesleyan
Missionaries, and these, while the numbers of imported labourers were
small, did not think ill of the system, since it provided the islanders
with their great need, work, and might give them habits of industry.
But in the years 1868 and 1869 the demand began, both in Queensland and
Fiji, to increase beyond what could be supplied by willing labour, and
the premium, £8 a head, on an able-bodied black, was sufficient to tempt
the masters of small craft to obtain the desired article by all possible
means. Neither in the colony nor in Fiji were the planters desirous of
obtaining workers by foul means, but labour they must have, and they
were willing to pay for it. Queensland, anxious to free herself from
any imputation of slave-hunting, has drawn up a set of regulations,
requiring a regular contract to be made with the natives before they are
shipped, for so many years, engaging that they shall receive wages, and
be sent home again at the end of the specified time. No one denies that
when once the labourer has arrived, these rules are carried out; he is
well fed, kindly treated, not over worked, and at the end of three or
five years sent home again with the property he has earned.

A recent traveller has argued that this is all that can be desired, and
that no true friend of the poor islander can object to his being taught
industry and civilisation. Complaints are all 'missionary exaggeration,'
that easy term for disposing of all defence of the dark races, and as
to the difficulty of making a man, whose language is not understood,
understand the terms of a contract--why, we continually sign legal
documents we do not understand! Perhaps not, but we do understand enough
not to find ourselves bound to five years' labour when we thought we
were selling yams, or taking a pleasure trip. And we have some means
of ascertaining the signification of such documents, and of obtaining
redress if we have been deceived.

As to the boasted civilisation, a sugar plantation has not been found
a very advanced school for the American or West Indian negro, and as a
matter of fact, the islander who has fulfilled his term and comes home,
bringing tobacco, clothes, and fire-arms, only becomes a more dangerous
and licentious savage than he was in his simplicity. It is absolutely
impossible, even if the planters wished it, to give any instruction to
these poor fellows, so scattered are the settlements, so various the
languages on each, and to send a man home with guns and gunpowder, and
no touch of Christian teaching, is surely suicidal policy.

Yet, as long as the natives went in any degree willingly, though the
Missionaries might deplore their so doing for the men's own sakes, and
for that of their islands, it was only like a clergyman at home seeing
his lads engage themselves to some occupation more undesirable than they
knew. Therefore, the only thing that has been entreated for by all the
missions of every denomination alike in the South Seas, has been such
sufficient supervision of the labour traffic as may prevent deceit or
violence from being used.

For, in the years 1869 and 1870, if not before, the captains of the
labour ships, finding that a sufficient supply of willing natives could
not be procured, had begun to cajole them on board. When they went
to trade, they were thrust under hatches, and carried off, and if the
Southern New Hebrides became exhausted, and the labour ships entered
on those seas where the 'Southern Cross' was a welcome visitor, these
captains sometimes told the men that 'the Bishop gave no pipes and
tobacco, he was bad, they had better hold with them.' Or else 'the
Bishop could not come himself, but had sent this vessel to fetch them.'
Sometimes even a figure was placed on deck dressed in a black coat, with
a book in his hand, according to the sailors' notion of a missionary,
to induce the natives to come on deck, and there they were clapped under
hatches and carried off.

In 1870, H.M.S. 'Rosario,' Captain Palmer, brought one of these vessels,
the 'Daphne,' into Sydney, where the master was tried for acts of
violence, but a conviction could not be procured, and, as will be seen
in the correspondence, Bishop Patteson did not regret the failure, as he
was anxious that ships of a fair size, with respectable owners, should
not be deterred from the traffic, since the more it became a smuggling,
unrecognised business, the worse and more unscrupulous men would be
employed in it.

But decoying without violence began to fail; the natives were becoming
too cautious, so the canoes were upset, and the men picked up while
struggling in the water. If they tried to resist, they were shot at, and
all endeavours at a rescue were met with the use of firearms.

They were thus swept off in such numbers, that small islands lost almost
all their able-bodied inhabitants, and were in danger of famine for
want of their workers. Also, the Fiji planters, thinking to make the men
happier by bringing their wives, desired that this might be done, but it
was not easy to make out the married couples, nor did the crews trouble
themselves to do so, but took any woman they could lay hands on.
Husbands pursued to save the wives, and were shot down, and a deadly
spirit of hatred and terror against all that was white was aroused.

There is a still lower depth of atrocity, but as far as enquiry of the
Government at Sydney can make out, unconnected with labour traffic, but
with the tortoise-shell trade. Skulls, it will be remembered, were the
ornament of old Iri's house at Bauro, and skulls are still the trophies
in the more savage islands. It seems that some of the traders in
tortoise-shell are in the habit of assisting their clients by conveying
them in their vessels in pursuit of heads. There is no evidence that
they actually do the work of slaughter themselves, though suspicion
is strong, but these are the 'kill-kill' vessels in the patois of the
Pacific, while the kidnappers are the 'snatch-snatch.' Both together,
these causes were working up the islanders to a perilous pitch of
suspicion and exasperation during the years 1870, 1871, and thus were
destroying many of the best hopes of the fruit of the toils of all these
years. But the full extent of the mischief was still unknown in Norfolk
Island, when in the midst of the Bishop's plans for the expedition of
1870 came the illness from which he never wholly recovered.

Already he had often felt and spoken of himself as an elderly man. Most
men of a year or two past forty are at the most vigorous period of their
existence, generally indeed with the really individual and effective
work of their lives before them, having hitherto been only serving their
apprenticeship; but Coleridge Patteson had begun his task while in early
youth, and had been obliged to bear at once responsibility and active
toil in no ordinary degree. Few have had to be at once head of a
college, sole tutor and steward, as well as primary schoolmaster all at
once, or afterwards united these charges with those of Bishop, examining
chaplain and theological professor, with the interludes of voyages which
involved intense anxiety and watchfulness, as well as the hardships
of those unrestful nights in native huts, and the exhaustion of the
tropical climate. No wonder then that he was already as one whose work
was well-nigh done, and to whom rest was near. And though the entrance
into that rest was by a sudden stroke, it was one that mercifully spared
the sufferings of a protracted illness, and even if his friends pause to
claim for it the actual honours (on earth) of martyrdom, yet it was no
doubt such a death as he was most willing to die, full in his Master's
service--such a death as all can be thankful to think of. And for
the like-minded young man who shared his death, only with more of the
bitterness thereof, the spirit in which he went forth may best be seen
in part of a letter written in the January of 1870, just after his
Ordination:--

'The right way must be to have a general idea of what to aim at, and to
make for the goal by what seem, as you go, the best ways, not to go on a
course you fixed to yourself before starting without having seen it. It
is so easy for people to hold theories, and excellent ones too, of the
way to manage or deal with the native races, but the worst is that when
you come to work the theory, the native race will never be found what it
ought to be for properly carrying it out. I am quite sure that nothing
is to be done in a hurry; a good and zealous man in ignorance and haste
might do more harm in one year than could be remedied in ten. I would
not root out a single superstition until I had something better to put
in its place, lest if all the weeds were rooted up, what had before been
fertile should become desert, barren, disbelieving in anything. Is not
the right way to plant the true seed and nourish it that it may take
root, and out-grow and choke the weeds? My objection to Mission reports
has always been that the readers want to hear of "progress," and the
writers are thus tempted to write of it, and may they not, without
knowing it, be at times hasty that they may seem to be progressing?
People expect too much. Those do so who see the results of Mission work,
who are engaged in it; those do so who send them. We have the precious
seed to sow, and must sow it when and where we can, but we must not
always be looking out to reap what we have sown. We shall do that
"in due time" if we "faint not." Because missionary work looks like a
failure, it does not follow that it is.

'Our Saviour, the first of all Christian Missionaries, was thirty years
of His life preparing and being prepared for His work. Three years
He spake as never man spake, and did not His work at that time look
a failure? He made no mistakes either in what He taught or the way of
teaching it, and He succeeded, though not to the eyes of men. Should not
we be contented with success like His? And with how much less ought we
not to be contented! So! The wonder is that by our means any result is
accomplished at all.'

These are remarkable words for a young man of twenty-seven, full of
life, health, and vigour, and go far to prove the early ripening of a
spirit chastened in hopes, even while all was bright.

In the latter part of February, Bishop Patteson, after about six days
of warning, was prostrated by a very severe attack of internal
inflammation, and for three days--from the 20th to the 22nd--was in
considerable danger as well as suffering. Mr. Nobbs's medical knowledge
seems, humanly speaking, to have brought him through, and on the 28th,
when an opportunity occurred of sending letters, he was able to write
a note to his brother and sisters--weak and shattered-looking writing
indeed, but telling all that needed to be told, and finishing with 'in
a few days (D.V.) I may be quite well;' then in a postscript: 'Our most
merciful Father, Redeemer and Sanctifier is merciful indeed. There was a
time when I felt drawing near the dark valley, and I thought of Father,
Mother, of Uncle Frank, and our little ones, Frankie and Dolly,'--a
brother and sister who had died in early infancy.

But it was not the Divine will that he should be well in a few days. Day
after day he continued feeble; and suffering much, though not so acutely
as in the first attack, Mr. Nobbs continued to attend him, and the
treatment was approved afterwards by the physicians consulted. All the
clergy took their part in nursing, and the Melanesian youths in turn
watched him day and night. He did not leave his room till the beginning
of April, and then was only equal to the exertion of preparing two lads
for Baptism and a few more for Confirmation. On Easter Sunday he was
able to baptize the first mentioned, and confirm the others; and, the
'Southern Cross' having by this time arrived for the regular voyage, he
embarked in her to obtain further advice at Auckland.

Lady Martin, his kind and tender hostess and nurse, thus describes his
arrival:--

'We had heard of his illness from himself and others, and of his being
out of danger in the middle of March. We were therefore much surprised
when the "Southern Cross," which had sailed a fortnight before for
Norfolk Island, came into the harbour on the morning of the 25th of
April, and anchored in our bay with the Bishop's flag flying. We went
down to the beach with anxious hearts to receive the dear invalid, and
were greatly shocked at his appearance. His beard, which he had allowed
to grow since his illness, and his hair were streaked with grey; his
complexion was very dark, and his frame was bowed like an old man's.

'The Captain and Mr. Bice almost carried him up the hill to our house.
He was very thankful to be on shore, and spoke cheerfully about the
improvement he had made on the voyage. It was not very apparent to us
who had not seen him for two years. Even then he was looking worn and
ill, but still was a young active man. He seemed now quite a wreck. For
the first fortnight his faithful attendant Malagona slept in his room,
and was ready at all hours to wait upon his beloved Bishop. Day by day
he used to sit by the fire in an easy chair, too weak to move or to
attend to reading. He got up very early, being tired of bed. His books
and papers were all brought out, but he did little but doze.'

Yet, in his despatch of the 2nd of May, where the manuscript is as firm,
clear, and beautiful as ever, only somewhat less minute, he says that he
had improved wonderfully on the voyage, though he adds that the doctor
told him, 'At an office, they would insure your life at fifty, instead
of forty-three years of age.'

Dr. Goldsboro had, on examination, discovered a chronic ailment, not
likely, with care and treatment, to be dangerous to life, but forbidding
active exertion or horse exercise, and warning him that a sudden jar
or slip or fall on rugged ground would probably bring on acute
inflammation, which might prove fatal after hours of suffering.

After, in the above-mentioned letter, communicating his exact state, he
adds:--'The pain has been at times very severe, and yet I can't tell
you of the very great happiness and actual enjoyment of many of those
sleepless nights; when, perhaps at 2 A.M., I felt the pain subsiding,
and prayer for rest, if it were His will, was changed into thanksgiving
for the relief; then, as the fire flickered, came restful, peaceful,
happy thoughts, mingled with much, I trust, heart-felt sorrow and
remorse. And Psalms seemed to have a new meaning, and prayers to be so
real, and somehow there was a sense of a very near Presence, and I felt
almost sorry when it was 5.30, and I got up, and my kind Melanesian
nurse made me my morning cup of weak tea, so good to the dry, furred
tongue.

'Well, that is all past and gone; and now the hope and prayer is, that
when my time is really come, I may be better prepared to go.

'Sir William and Lady Martin are pretty well; and I am in clover here,
getting real rest, and gaining ground pretty well. I have all confidence
in the prudence of the other missionaries and leave the work thankfully
in their hands, knowing well Whose work it is, and to Whose guidance and
protection we all trust.'

On the 9th, in a letter sent by a different route, he adds:--

'So I think it will come to my doing my work on Norfolk Island just as
usual, with only occasional inconvenience or discomfort. But I think I
shall have to forego some of the more risky and adventurous part of the
work in the islands. This is all right. It is a sign that the time is
come for me to delegate it to others. I don't mean that I shall not take
the voyages, and stop about on the islands (D.V.) as before. But I must
do it all more carefully, and avoid much that of old I never thought
about. Yet I think it will not, as a matter of fact, much interfere with
my work.

'I have, you understand, no pain now, only some discomfort. The fact
that I can't do things, move about, &c., like a sound healthy person
is not a trial. The relief from pain, the _resty_ feeling, is such a
blessing and enjoyment that I don't seem, as yet at all events, to care
about the other.'

So of that restful state Lady Martin says: 'Indeed it was a most happy
time to us, and I think on the whole to him. It was a new state of
things to keep him without any pricks of conscience or restlessness on
his part. He liked to have a quiet half-hour by the fire at night;
and before I left him I used to put his books near him: his Bible, his
Hebrew Psalter, his father's copy of Bishop Andrewes. Sometimes I would
linger for a few minutes to talk about his past illness. He used to
dwell specially on his dear father's nearness to him at that time.
He spoke once or twice with a reverent holy awe and joy of sleepless
nights, when thoughts of God had filled his soul and sustained him.

'His face, always beautiful from the unworldly purity of its expression,
was really as the face of an angel while he spoke of these things and of
the love and kindness he had received. He seemed to have been standing
on the very brink of the river, and it was yet doubtful whether he was
to abide with us. Now, looking back, we can see how mercifully God was
dealing with His servant. A time of quiet and of preparation for death
given to him apart from the hurry of his daily life, then a few months
of active service, and then the crown.

'At the end of a fortnight (?--you must please to rectify dates) the
"Southern Cross" sailed again, with Mr. Bice and Malagona on board;
when, just as we were expecting she would have reached Norfolk Island,
she was driving back into the harbour.'

The following letter to the Bishop of Lichfield gives an account of her
peril:--


'Taurarua: May 11, 1870.

'My dear Bishop,--I have to tell you of another great mercy. The
"Southern Cross" left Auckland on May 3--fair wind and fine weather.

'On May 5 she was within 185 miles of Norfolk Island.

'Then came on a fearful gale from the east and northeast to north-west.
They were hove-to for three days, everything battened down; port boat
and davits carried away by a sea; after a while the starboard boat
dashed to pieces.

'Malagona, my nurse at Norfolk Island, who was brought up for a treat,
was thrown completely across the cabin by one lurch, when she seemed
almost settling down. It was dark. The water in the cabin, which
had come through the dead-light, showed a little phosphoric glimmer.
"Brother," he said to Bice, "are we dying?" "I don't know; it seems like
it. We are in God's hands." "Yes, I know."

'Mr. (Captain) Jacobs was calm and self-possessed. He even behaved
excellently. Once, all on deck were washed into the lee scuppers, and
one man washed overboard; but he held a rope, and with it and the recoil
was borne in again upon the deck. Lowest barometer, 28° 65'! We were
startled yesterday at about 4 P.M. with the news of the reappearance of
the vessel. I think that some £30 and the replacing the boats will pay
damages, but one doesn't think of that.

'We hope to get, at all events, one ready-made boat, so as to cause no
delay. The good people at Norfolk Island will be anxious if the vessel
does not reappear soon.

'Auckland, June 6th--"Southern Cross" could not sail till May 23. If I
am not found by them at Norfolk Island on their return, they are to come
on for me. I hope to make a two months' cruise.

'General health quite well, no pain for weeks past. Dr. Goldsboro' says
I shall be better in a hot climate; but he won't let me out of his hands
yet.

'I really think I shall do very well by-and-by.

'Your very affectionate

'J. C. PATTESON.'


'The repairs took some time (continues Lady Martin). The delay must have
been very trying to the Bishop in his weak state, as it threw out all
the plans for the winter voyage; but he showed no signs of fretfulness
or of a restless desire to go himself to see after matters. The winter
was unusually cold after the vessel sailed again; and I used to wonder
sometimes whether he lay awake listening to the wind that howled in
gusts round the house; he may have, but certainly there was always a
look of unruffled calm and peace on his face when we met in the morning.


'Tis enough that Thou shouldst care Why should I the burden bear?


'Our dear friend mended very slowly. It was more than a month before he
could bear even to be driven up to Bishop's Court to receive the Holy
Communion in the private Chapel, and some time longer before he could
sit through the Sunday services. I cannot be sure whether he went first
on Ascension Day. His own letters may inform you. I only remember how
thankful and happy he was to be able to get there. He had felt the
loss of the frequent Communions in which he could join all through his
illness.'

He was making a real step towards recovery, and by the 10th of June he
was able to go and stay at St. Sepulchre's parsonage with Mr. Dudley,
and attend the gathering at the Bishop of Auckland's Chapel on St.
Barnabas Day; but the calm enjoyment and soothing indifference which
seems so often a privilege of the weakness of recovery was broken by
fuller tidings respecting the labour traffic that imperilled his work. A
schooner had come in from Fate with from fifteen to twenty natives
from that and other islands to work in flax mills; and a little later a
letter arrived from his correspondent in Fiji, showing to what an extent
the immigration thither had come, and how large a proportion of the
young men working in the sugar plantations had been decoyed from home on
false pretences.

This was the point, as far as at the time appeared in New Zealand. If
violence had then begun, no very flagrant instances were known; and the
Bishop was not at all averse to the employment of natives, well knowing
how great an agent in improvement is civilisation. But to have them
carried off without understanding what they were about, and then set to
hard labour, was quite a different thing.

'The difficulty is (he writes) to prove in a court of law what everyone
acknowledges to be the case, viz., that the natives of the islands are
inveigled on board these vessels by divers means, then put under the
hatches and sold, ignorant of their destination or future employment,
and without any promises of being returned home.

'It comes to this, though of course it is denied by the planters and the
Queensland Government, which is concerned in keeping up the trade.

'There will always be some islanders who from a roving nature, or from a
necessity of escaping retaliation for some injury done by them, or from
mere curiosity, will paddle off to a ship and go on board. But they
can't understand the white men: they are tempted below to look at some
presents, or, if the vessel be at anchor, are allowed to sleep on board.
Then, in the one case, the hatches are clapped on; in the other, sail is
made in the night, and so they are taken off to a labour of which they
know nothing, among people of whom they know nothing!

'It is the regulation rather than the suppression of the employment of
native labourers that I advocate. There is no reason why some of these
islanders should not go to a plantation under proper regulations. My
notion is that--

'1. A few vessels should be licensed for the purpose of conveying these
islanders backwards and forwards.

'2. That such vessels should be in charge of fit persons, heavily bound
to observe certain rules, and punishable summarily for violating them.

'3. That the missionaries, wherever they be situated, should be informed
of the names of the vessels thus licensed, of the sailing masters, &c.

'4. That all other vessels engaged in the trade should be treated as
pirates, and confiscated summarily when caught.

'5. That a small man-of-war, commanded by a man fit for such work,
should cruise among the islands from which islanders are being taken.

'6. That special legislative enactments should be passed enabling the
Sydney Court to deal with the matter equitably.

'Something of this kind is the best plan I can suggest.

'It is right and good that the "Galatea" should undertake such work; and
yet we want a little tender to the "Galatea" rather than the big vessel,
as I think my experience of large vessels is that there is too much of
routine; and great delay is occasioned by the difficulty of turning a
great ship round, and you can't work near the shore, and even if chasing
a little vessel which could be caught at once in the open sea, you
may be dodged by her among islands. Yet the sense of the country is
expressed very well by sending "Captain Edinburgh" himself to cruise
between New Caledonia, Fiji, and the Kingsmill Islands, for the
suppression of the illegal deportation of natives. So reads the despatch
which the Governor showed me the other day. He asked me to give such
information as might be useful to the "Galatea."'

With the Governor, Sir George Bowen, an old Oxford friend, Bishop
Patteson spent several days, and submitted to him a memorial to
Government, on the subject, both at home and in Queensland, stating the
regulations, as above expressed.

The 'Rosario,' Captain Palmer, had actually captured the 'Daphne,' a
vessel engaged in capturing natives, and brought her into Sydney, where
the master was tried; but though there was no doubt of the outrage, it
was not possible to obtain a conviction; and a Fiji planter whom the
Bishop met in Auckland told him that the seizure of the 'Daphne' would
merely lead to the exclusion of the better class of men from the trade,
and that it would not stop the demand for native labourers. It would
always pay to 'run' cargoes of natives into the many islets of Fiji; and
they would be smuggled into the plantations. And there the government
was almost necessarily by the whip. 'I can't talk to them,' said the
planter; 'I can only point to what they are to do; and if they are lazy,
I whip them.'

It was no wonder that Mr. Dudley thought the Bishop depressed; and,
moreover, he over-exerted himself, walking a mile and a half one day,
and preaching in the little Church of St. Sepulchre's. He longed to
return to St. Barnabas, but was in no state to rough it in a common
little sailing vessel, so he waited on. 'I am very lazy,' he says: 'I
can't do much work. Sir William and I read Hebrew, and discuss many
questions in which his opinion is most valuable. I have business letters
to write, e.g., about the deportation of islanders and about a clergyman
whom the Melbourne people are helping to go to Fiji.... This is perhaps
a good trial for me, to be sitting lazily here and thinking of others at
work!'

This was written about the middle of July, when the convalescent had
regained much more strength, and could walk into town, or stand to read
and write according to his favourite custom, as well as thoroughly enjoy
conversations with his hosts at Taurarua.

'I never saw (observes Lady Martin) a larger charity united to a more
living faith. He knew in Whom he believed; and this unclouded confidence
seemed to enable him to be gentle and discriminating in his judgments on
those whose minds are clouded with doubt.

'It was pleasant to see how at this time his mind went back to the
interests which he had laid aside for years. He liked to hear bits of
Handel, and other old masters, and would go back to recollections of
foreign travels and of his enthusiasm for music and art as freshly and
brightly as he had done in the first days of our acquaintance. But this
was only in the "gloaming" or late in the evening when he was resting in
his easy chair.

'At the end of July we were expecting a young relation and his bride to
spend a week with us before returning to England, and we gave the Bishop
the option of going to Bishop's Court for the time, where he was always
warmly welcomed. Some years before, he would certainly have slipped away
from the chatter and bustle; but now he decided to remain with us, and
throw himself into the small interests around, in a way which touched
and delighted the young couple greatly. He put away his natural
shrinking from society and his student ways, and was willing to enjoy
everything as it came. We had a curious instance at this time of the
real difficulty the Bishop felt about writing sermons. He had not
attempted to preach, save at Mr. Dudley's Church; but a week or two
before he left us, Archdeacon Maunsell came to beg of him to preach at
St. Mary's, where he had often taken service formerly. He promised to
do so without any apparent hesitation, and said afterwards to us that he
could not refuse such a request. So on Wednesday he began to prepare a
sermon. He was sitting each morning in the room where I was at work, and
he talked to me from time to time of the thoughts that were in his mind.
The subject was all that was implied in the words, "I have called thee
by thy name," the personal knowledge, interest, &c.; and I was rejoicing
in the treat in store, when, to my dismay, I saw sheet after sheet,
which had been written in his neat, clear hand as though the thoughts
flowed on without effort, flung into the fire. "I can't write," was
said again and again, and the work put by for another day. At last, on
Saturday morning, he walked up to the parsonage to make his excuses.
Happily Dr. Maunsell would not let him off, so on Sunday the Bishop,
without any notes or sermon, spoke to us out of the fulness of his heart
about the Mission work, of its encouragements and its difficulties. He
described, in a way that none can ever forget who heard the plaintive
tones of his voice and saw his worn face that day, what it was to be
alone on an island for weeks, surrounded by noisy heathen, and the
comfort and strength gained then by the thought that we who have the
full privileges of Christian worship and communion were remembering such
in our prayers.

'Our young friends sailed on Sunday, August 7; and we expected the
Bishop to sail the next day, but the winds were foul and boisterous, and
we had him with us till Friday morning, the 12th. Those last days were
very happy ones. His thoughts went back to Melanesia and to his work;
and every evening we drew him to tell of adventures and perils, and to
describe the islands to us in a way he had scarcely ever done before. I
think it was partly to please our Maori maiden, who sat by his side on a
footstool in the twilight, plying him with questions with so much lively
natural interest that he warmed up in return. Generally, he shrank
into himself, and became reserved at once if pressed to tell of his
own doings. He spoke one evening quite openly about his dislike to ship
life. We were laughing at some remembrance of the Bishop of Lichfield's
satisfaction when once afloat; and he burst into an expression of
wonder, how anyone could go to sea for pleasure. I asked him what he
disliked in particular, and he answered, Everything. That he always felt
dizzy, headachy, and unable to read with comfort; the food was greasy,
and there was a general sense of dirt and discomfort. As the time drew
nigh for sailing, he talked a good deal about the rapidly growing evil
of the labour trade. He grew very depressed one day, and spoke quite
despondingly of the future prospects of the Mission. He told us of one
island, Vanua Lava, I think, where, a few years ago, 300 men used to
assemble on the beach to welcome him. Now, only thirty or forty were
left. He saw that if the trade went on at the same rate as it had been
doing for the last year or two, many islands would be depopulated, and
everywhere he must expect to meet with suspicion or open ill will.'

'The next morning the cloud had rolled away, and he was ready to go
forth in faith to do the work appointed him, leaving the result in God's
hands. We accompanied him to the boat on Friday morning. Bishop and Mrs.
Cowie came down, and one or two of the clergy, and his two English boys
who were to go with him.

'It was a lovely morning. We rejoiced to see how much he had improved
in his health during his stay. He had been very good and tractable about
taking nourishment, and certainly looked and was all the better for
generous diet. He had almost grown stout, and walked upright and
briskly. Sir William parted with him on the beach, where we have had
so many partings; and I meant to do so too, but a friend had brought
another boat, and invited me to come, so I gladly went off to the
"Southern Cross," which was lying about half-a-mile off. The Cowies were
very anxious to see the vessel, and the Bishop showed them all about. I
was anxious to go down to his cabin, and arrange in safe nooks comforts
for his use on the voyage. In half an hour the vessel was ready to sail.
One last grasp of the hand, one loving smile, and we parted--never to
meet again on earth.'


So far this kind and much-loved friend! And to this I cannot but add an
extract from the letter she wrote to his sisters immediately after the
parting, since it adds another touch to the character now ripened:--

'I think you are a little mistaken in your notion that your brother
would feel no interest in your home doings. He has quite passed out of
that early stage when the mind can dwell on nothing but its own sphere
of work. He takes a lively interest in all that is going on at home,
specially in Church matters, and came back quite refreshed from Bishop's
Court with all that Bishop Cowie had told him.

'What he would really dread in England would be the being lionised, and
being compelled to speak and preach here, there, and everywhere. And yet
he would have no power to say nay. But the cold would shrivel him up,
and society--dinners, table talk--would bore him, and he would pine for
his warmth and his books. Not a bit the less does he dearly love you
all.'

The brother and sisters knew it, and forebore to harass him with
remonstrances, but resigned themselves to the knowledge that nothing
would bring him home save absolute disqualification for his mission.

His own last letter from Taurarua dwells upon the enjoyment of his
conversations with Sir William Martin and Bishop Cowie; and then goes
into details of a vision of obtaining young English boys to whom a good
education would be a boon, bringing them up at St. Barnabas, and then,
if they turned out fit for the Mission there, they would be prepared--if
not, they would have had the benefit of the schooling.

Meantime the 'Southern Cross,' with three of the clergy, had made the
voyage according to minute directions from the Bishop. Mr. Atkin made
his yearly visit to Bauro. He says:--

'I hardly expected that when we came back we should have found the peace
still unbroken between Wango and Hane, but it is. Though not very good
friends, they are still at peace. In the chief's house I was presented
with a piece of pork, about two pounds, and a dish of tauma (their
favourite), a pudding made of yams, nuts, and cocoa-nut milk, and cooked
by steaming. Fortunately, good manners allowed me to take it away.
Before we left the village, it took two women to carry our provisions. A
little boy came back with us, to stay with Taki. The two boys who ought
to have come last year are very anxious to do so still.

'July 12th.--We anchored the boat on the beach at Tawatana, and I went
into the oka (public house) to see the tauma prepared for the feast.
There were thirty-eight dishes. The largest, about four feet long, stood
nearly three feet high. I tried to lift one from the ground, but could
not; it must have been five hundredweight; the smallest daras held
eighty or a hundred pounds. I calculated that there was at least two
tons. When freshly made it is very good, but at these feasts it is
always old and sour, and dripping with cocoa-nut oil. The daras, or
wooden bowls, into which it is put, are almost always carved and inlaid
with mother-of-pearl shell.

'There was a great crowd at the landing-place at Saa (Malanta) to meet
us. Nobody knew Wate at first, but he was soon recognised. The boat was
pulled up into a little river, and everything stealable taken out. We
then went up to the village, passing some women crying on the way; here,
as at Uleawa, crying seems to be the sign of joy, or welcome. Wate's
father's new house is the best I have seen in any of these islands. It
has two rooms; the drawing-room is about forty-five feet long by thirty
wide, with a roof projecting about six feet outside the wall at the end
and four feet at the eaves; the bed-room is about eighteen feet wide,
so that the whole roof covers about seventy feet by forty. Wate's father
lives like a chief of the olden time, with large property, but nothing
of his own; all that he has or gets goes as soon as he gets it to his
retainers.

'August 3rd.--Went to Heuru. The bwea began about ten o'clock. A bwea
means a stage, but the word is used as we speak of "the stage." There
is a stage in this case about three feet square, twenty feet from the
ground, walled in to three feet height on three sides, with a ladder of
two stout poles. On the bwea sit or stand two or three men, on either
side having a bag; visitors run up the ladder, put their money or
porpoise teeth into the bags if small, give it to the men if large;
and, if their present is worth it, make a speech a little way down the
ladder. A party from a village generally send up a spokesman, and when
he has done go up in a body and give their money. Taki was orator for
Waiio, and I led the party with my present of beads, which if red or
white pass as money. The object of a bwea is to get money, but it may
only be held on proper occasions. The occasion of this was the adoption
of a Mara lad by the chief man at Heuru; to get money to pay the lad's
friends he held a bwea that all his friends might help him. As he was
a connection of Taki's, and Waiio is the richest of the settlements,
he got great spoils from thence.... At Tawatana the young men put on
petticoats of cocoa-nut leaves, and danced their graceful "mao." I had
only seen it before at Norfolk Island; it is very pretty, but must be
very difficult to learn; they say that not many know it. At Nora they
danced another most dirty dance: all the performers were daubed from
head to foot with mud, and wore masks covered with mud and ashes; the
aim of the dance, as far as I could see, was to ridicule all sorts
of infirmities and imbecilities, tottering, limping, staggering, and
reeling, but in time and order. One man had a basket of dripping mud
on his head which was streaming down his face and back all the time. A
great point is that the actors should not be recognised. Mr. Brooke was
likewise dropped at Florida. After this the rest of the party had gone
on to Mota, where George Sarawia was found working away well at
his school, plenty of attendants, and the whole place clean,
well-ventilated, and well-regulated.

A watch sent out as a present to Sarawia was a delight which he could
quite appreciate, and he had sent back very sensible right-minded
letters. Of Bishop Patteson's voyage the history is pieced together from
two letters, one to the sisters, the other to the Bishop of Lichfield.
Neither was begun till September, after which they make a tolerably full
diary.

'More than five weeks have passed since I left New Zealand, more than
three since I left Norfolk Island. Mr. Codrington and I reached Mota on
the morning of the eighth day after leaving Norfolk Island. I spent but
half an hour on shore with George Sarawia and his people; sailed across
to Aroa and Matlavo, where I landed eight or ten of our scholars; and
came on at once to the Solomon Islands. On Sunday morning (September 4)
what joy to find Mr. Atkin well and hearty!

'Mr. Brooke, who took up his abode at the village of Mboli, had with him
Dudley Lankana and Richard Maru, but they were a good deal absorbed by
their relations, and not so useful to him as had been hoped, though they
kept out of heathen habits, and remained constant to their intention of
returning.

'"Brooke," says the Bishop, "knows and speaks the one language of
Anudha very well, for there is but one language, with a few dialectical
varieties of course."

'A nice little house was built for him at Mboli, which I have always
thought to be a very healthy place.

'The coral grit and sand runs a long way in shore under cocoa-nut
groves, but there is no very dense undergrowth. The wind when easterly
blows freely along and is drawn rather upon the shore there. Two miles
to windward of Mboli is the good harbour of Sara, where the vessel
anchored with us.

'Brooke's house was raised on poles, five feet from the ground; the
floor made of neat smooth bamboos, basket-worked. He had his table and
two benches, one easy cane chair, cork bed, boxes, harmonium, and plenty
of food.

'Close to his house is the magnificent kiala, or boat house, about
180 feet long, 42 high, and about as many feet broad, a really grand,
imposing place. Here Brooke, in surplice, with his little band, had his
Sunday services, singing hymns, and chanting Psalms, in parts, in the
presence of from 150 to 300, once nearly 400 people, to whom he spoke of
course, usually twice, making two sermonets.

'The island is unlike any other; much more open, much less bush, but it
is not coral crag that crops out, but almost bare reddish rock, with but
little soil on it, and the population, which is large, finds it hard to
procure food.

'Three brothers, Takua, Savai, and Dikea, are the principal men. Local
chiefs exercise some small authority in each village. Anudha, or Aunta,
is properly the name of a small island, for there is no one great
mainland, but many islands separated by very narrow salt-water creeks
and rivers, along which a skiff may be sculled.

'Brooke has been over every part of it. His only difficulties arose from
jealousy on the part of Takua and Savai, who, living at Mboli, were
very wroth at his not being their tame Pakeha, at his asserting his
independence, his motive in coming to teach all, and make known to all
alike a common message. Especially they were indignant at his making
up small parties of boys from different parts of the island, as they
of course wanted to monopolise him, and through him the trade. He has
evidently been firm and friendly too, keeping his temper, yet speaking
out very plainly. The result, as far as bringing boys goes, is that
we have now thirteen on board, including Dudley and Richard, from six
different parts of the island. But so vexed was Takua, that he would not
fulfil his promise of sending his two little girls.

'The fortnight spent in the Solomon Islands has been very fine;
winds very light, and very little rain. We have at length got Stephen
Taroniara's child, a little girl of about seven years old, Paraitaku,
from the old grandmother and aunts. So, thank God, she will be brought
up as a Christian child. She is a dear little thing.

'This work of Mr. Atkin and Mr. Brooke in the easterly and more
north-westerly parts of the Solomon Islands respectively, is the nearest
approach that has yet been made to regular missionary operations there.
Our short visits in the "Southern Cross," or my short three to ten days'
visits on shore are all useful as preparing the way for something more.
But it is the quiet, lengthened staying for some months among these
islanders that gives opportunities for knowing them and their ways. They
do everything with endless talk and discussion about it; and it is only
by living with, and moving about constantly among them, that any hold
can be gained over them. I think that the Mission is now in a more
hopeful state than ever before in these islands.

'Our parties of scholars are large. They trust quite little fellows
with us, and for any length of time. True, these little fellows cannot
exercise any influence for years to come; but if we take young men or
lads of sixteen or eighteen years old, it needs as many years to qualify
them (with heathen habits to be unlearned, and with the quickness of
apprehension of new teaching already gone) for being useful among their
people as would suffice for the arrival of these young children at
mature age.'

Three Tikopian giants had made a visit at Mota in the course of this
year, attracted by the fame of the hospitality and fertility of the
place. George Sarawia had got on well with them, and tried to keep them
to meet the Bishop, but one of them fell sick, and the others took him
away. This was hailed as a possible opening to those two curious
isles, Oanuta and Tikopia, in so far as the 'Southern Cross' work was
concerned. The Bishop continues, to his former Primate:--

'On the whole, things seem to be going on favourably. The Banks
Islanders are very shy now of the vessels sent to carry off men to Fiji
or Queensland. They will find their way into the Solomon Islands soon.
One, indeed, a cutter, has taken about twenty men from Ulava. They were
all kept under hatches. We warn the people wherever we go.

'The pressing question now is how to supply our young men and women,
married Christian couples, with proper occupations to prevent their
acquiescing in an indolent, useless, selfish life.

'When their "education is finished," they have no profession, no need
to work to obtain a livelihood for themselves, wives, and children. They
can't all be clergymen, nor all even teachers in such a sense as to make
it a calling and occupation.

'Some wants they have--houses fit for persons who like reading and
writing, a table, a bench, a window becomes necessary. Coral lime houses
would be good for them. They make and wear light clothing, they wash and
cook on new principles, &c.; but these wants are soon supplied. Only
a practical sense of the duty of helping others to know what they have
been taught will keep them from idleness and its consequences. And how
few of us, with no other safeguard against idleness, would be other than
idle!

'Some, I think, may be helped by being associated with us, and with
their friends of the Solomon Isles, New Hebrides, in spending some
months on shore, where they would soon acquire a fair knowledge of the
language, and might be of great use to less advanced friends. This would
be a real work for them. Just as Mission work is the safeguard of
the settled Church, so it must be the safeguard of these young native
Churches.

'No doubt the Missionary spirit infused into the Samoan and Karotongan
Churches kept them living and fruitful. I am trying to think upon these
points.

'If the contrast be too violent between the Mission station with its
daily occupations and the island life, it becomes very difficult for the
natives to perpetuate the habits of the one amidst the circumstances of
the other.

'The habits acquired at Norfolk Island ought to be capable of being
easily transferred to the conditions of the Melanesian isles.

'They ought, I think, to wear (in the hot summer and on week days) light
loose clothing, which could be worn at home; or clothing of the same
shape and fit (though perhaps of warm materials) might be worn.

'The circumstances of the two places must be different, but we must
minimise the difference as much as possible.

'I often think of the steady-going English family, with regular family
prayers, and attendance twice at Church on Sunday, and the same people
spending two months on the Continent. No opportunity is made for family
prayers before the table d'hôte breakfast; and at least one part of the
Sunday is spent in the Roman Catholic Cathedral, or in a different way
from the home use. And if this be so with good respectable folk among
ourselves, what must be the effect of altered circumstances on our
Melanesians?

'It is not easy to keep up the devotional life on shore at home, or in
the islands, or on board ship with the same regularity. And where
the convert must be more dependent than we ought to be on external
opportunities, the difficulty is increased. So if the alteration be as
little as possible, we gain something, we make it easier to our scholars
to perpetuate uninterruptedly the Norfolk Island life.

'To live with them and try to show them how, on their island, to keep up
the religious life unchanged amidst the changed outward circumstances is
a good way, but then we can't live among them very long, and our example
is so often faulty.

'Curiously do these practical difficulties make us realise that there
may really be some benefit in artificial wants; and that probably the
most favourable situation for the development of the human character is
a climate where the necessaries of life are just sufficiently difficult
of production to require steady industry, and yet that nature should not
be so rigorous as to make living so hard a matter as to occupy the whole
attention, and dwarf the mental faculties.'

How remarkable, is the date of the following thoughts, almost like a
foreboding:--

'September 19th, 10 A.M. (to the sisters).--We are drawing near Santa
Cruz, about 100 miles off. How my mind is filled with hopes, not
unmingled with anxiety. It is more than eleven years since we sought to
make an opening here, and as yet we have no scholar. Last year, I went
ashore at a large village called Taive, about seven miles from the scene
of our disaster. Many canoes came to us from that spot, and we stood in
quite close in the vessel, so that people swam off to us.

'They are all fighting among the various villages and neighbouring
islets of the Reef Archipelago, twenty miles north of the main island.
It is very difficult what to do or how to try to make a beginning.
God will open a door in His own good time. Yet to see and seize on the
opportunity when given is difficult. How these things make one feel more
than ever the need of Divine guidance, the gift of the Spirit of
Wisdom and Counsel and ghostly strength. To human eyes it seems almost
hopeless. Yet other islanders were in a state almost as hopeless
apparently. Only there is a something about Santa Cruz which is probably
very unreal and imaginary, which seems to present unusual difficulties.
In a few days, I may, by God's goodness, be writing to you again about
our visit to the group. And if the time be come, may God grant us some
opening, and grace to use it aright!

'At Piteni, Matama, Nupani, Analogo, I can talk somewhat to the people,
who are Polynesians, and speak a dialect connected with the Maori of New
Zealand. I think that the people of Indeni (the native name for Santa
Cruz) are also more than half Polynesians; but I don't know a single
sentence of their language properly. I can say nothing about it. They
destroy and distort their organs of pronunciation by excessive use of
the betel-nut and pepper leaf and lime, so that no word is articulately
pronounced. It is very hard to catch the sounds they make amidst the
hubbub on deck or the crowds on shore; yet I think that if we had two
or three lads quietly with us at Norfolk Island, we should soon make out
something.

'Don't think I am depressed by this. I only feel troubled by the sense
that I frequently lose opportunities from indolence and other faults. I
am quite aware that we can do very little to bring about an introduction
to these islanders; and I fully believe that in some quite unexpected
way, or at all events in some way brought about independently of our
efforts, a work will be begun here some day, in the day when God sees it
to be fit and right.


(To the Bishop of Lichfield.)


'September 27th.--Leaving Santa Cruz we came to this group from Ulava
with light fair winds; left Ulava on Saturday at 6 P.M., and sighted the
island, making the west side of Graciosa Bay on the next Wednesday; sea
quite smooth; thermometer reached 92 degrees.

'Sunday.--Very calm, but a light breeze took us into Nukapu. A canoe
came off, I made them understand that it was our day of rest, and that
I would visit them atainu (to-morrow), a curious word. I gave a few
presents, and we slowly sailed on.

'Monday, 6 A.M.--Off Piteni, canoe off, went ashore, low tide, got into
a canoe, and so reached the beach, people well behaved, much talk of
taking lads, quite well understood. The speech is (you remember) very
Maori indeed. There were some nice lads, but no one came away. Four
canoes from Taumaho were here, and two Piteni men came back from Taumaho
while I was on shore.

'At Nukapu at 2.30 P.M. High water, went in easily over the reef by a
short cut, not by our old winding narrow passage. I was greatly pleased
by the people asking me on board, "Where is Bisambe?" "Here I am." "No,
no, the Bisambe tuai (of old). Your mutua (father). Is he below? Why
doesn't he come up with some hatchets?"

'So you see they remember you. A tall middle-aged man, Moto, said that
he was with us in the boat in 1859, and he and I remembered the one-eyed
man who piloted us.

'I went here also into the houses. Here is a quaint place; many things,
not altogether idols, but uncanny, and feared by the people. Women
danced in my honour, people gave small presents, &c., but no volunteers.
I could talk with them with sufficient ease; and took my time, lying at
my ease on a good mat with cane pillow, Anaiteum fashion. I told them
that they had seen on board many little fellows from many islands; that
they need not fear to let their children go; that I could not spend time
and property in coming year by year and giving presents when they were
unwilling to listen to what I said, but they only made unreal promises,
put boys in the boat merely to take them out again, and so we went away
atrakoi.'

There is a little weariness of spirits--not of spirit--in the
contemporaneous words to the home party:--

'I don't know what to write about this voyage. You have heard all about
tropical vegetation, Santa Cruz canoes, houses, customs, &c. If indeed I
could draw these fellows, among whom I was lying on a mat on Monday; if
you could see the fuzzy heads, stained white and red, the great shell
ornaments on the arms, the round plate of shell as big as a small dinner
plate hanging over the chest, the large holes in the lobes of the ears
rilled with perhaps fifteen or twenty rings of tortoise-shell hung on to
one another; the woven scarves and girdles stained yellow with turmeric
and stamped with a black pattern: then it would make a curious sight for
you; and your worthy brother, much at his ease, lying flat on his back
on two or three mats, talking to the people about his great wish to take
away some of the jolly little fellows to whom he was giving fish-hooks,
would no doubt be very "interesting." But really all this has become so
commonplace, that I can't write about it with any freshness. The volcano
in this group, Tenakulu, is now active, and was a fine sight at night,
though the eruption is not continuous as it was in 1859.

'October 9th--Near Ambrym [to the Bishop]. Some people from Aruas, the
large western bay of Vanua Lava, had been taken by force to Queensland
or Fiji. The natives simply speak of "a ship of Sydney."

'Wednesday.--Aroa and Matlavo. 'Henry Tagalana and Joanna and their baby
Elizabeth, William Pasvorang and Lydia, and six others, all baptized,
and four communicants among them, had spent five weeks on shore; a very
nice set. Six of them lived together at Aroa, had regular morning and
evening prayers, sang their hymns, and did what they could, talking to
their people. Codrington went over in a canoe, and spent four days with
them, much pleased. We brought three scholars for George from thence.

'Thursday, Mota.--Codrington says the time is come, in his opinion, for
some steps to be taken to further the movement in Mota. Grown-up people
much changed, improved, some almost to be regarded as catechumens.

'We left Mota, bringing all that were to come; indeed, we scarcely know
what it is nowadays to lose a boy or man--a great blessing. There had
been another visit of eleven canoes of Tikopians; friendly, though
unable to converse, and promising to return again in two months.

'October 11th.--A topsail schooner in sight, between Ambrym and
Paama--one of those kidnapping vessels. I have any amount of (to me)
conclusive evidence of downright kidnapping. But I don't think I could
prove any case in a Sydney Court. They have no names painted on some of
their vessels, and the natives can't catch nor pronounce the names of
the white men on board. They describe their appearance accurately, and
we have more than suspicions about some of these fellows.

'The planters in Queensland and Fiji, who create the demand for
labourers, say that they don't like the kidnapping any more than I do.
They pay occasionally from £6 to £12 for an "imported labourer," and
they don't want to have him put into their hands in a sullen irritable
state of mind.'

Touching at Nengone, the Bishop saw Mr. Creagh, who had recently visited
New Caledonia, whither Basset, the poor chief who had been banished
to Tahiti for refusing to receive a French priest, had been allowed to
return, on the Emperor Napoleon forbidding interference with Protestant
missionaries or their converts.

Wadrokala and his wife and child were brought away, making up a number
of 65 black passengers, besides the 60 scholars already at Norfolk
Island. The weather throughout the voyage had been unusually still, with
frequent calms, the sea with hardly any swell. And this had been
very happy for the Bishop; but he was less well than when he had left
Taurarua, and was unequal to attending the General Synod in New Zealand,
far more so to another campaign in Australia, though he cherished the
design of going to see after the condition of the labourers in Fiji.

He finishes his long letter to his former Primate:--

It is perhaps cowardly to say that I am thankful that I am not a
clergyman in England. I am not the man even in a small parish to stand
up and fight against so many many-headed monsters. I should give in, and
shirk the contest. The more I pray that you may have strength to endure
it. I don't think I was ever pugnacious in the way of controversy; and I
am very very thankful to be out of it.'

Indeed, the tone of the references to Church matters at home had become
increasingly cautious; and one long letter to Mrs. Martyn he actually
tore up, lest it should do harm. His feeling more and more was to wish
for patience and forbearance, and to deprecate violent words or hasty
actions--looking from his hermit life upon all the present distress more
as a phase of Church history that would develop into some form of good,
and perhaps hardly sensible of the urgency of the struggle and defence.
For peace and shelter from the strife of tongues was surely one of the
compensating blessings conferred on him. But, as all his companions
agree, he was never the same man again after his illness. There was a
lower level of spirits and of energy, a sensitiveness to annoyances, and
an indisposition to active exertion, which distressed him.

His day began as early as ever, and was mapped out as before, for
classes of all kinds, Hebrew and reading; but he seldom left his
room, except for Chapel and meals, being unable to take much out-door
exercise. He did not see so much of his elder scholars as before,
chiefly because the very large number of newer pupils made it necessary
to employ them more constantly; but he never failed to give each of them
some instruction for a short time every day, though with more
effort, for indeed almost everything had become a burthen to him. Mr.
Codrington's photograph taken at this time shows how much changed and
aged he had become. The quiet in which he now lived resulted in much
letter-writing, taking up correspondences that had slumbered in more
busy times, as his mind flew back to old friends: though, indeed, the
letters given in the preceding Memoir must not be taken by any means to
represent the numbers he wrote. When he speaks of sending thirty-five by
one mail, perhaps only one or two have come into my hands; and of those
only such portions are of course taken as illustrate his life, work,
character, and opinions without trenching on the reserve due to
survivors. Thus multitudes of affectionate letters, participating in
the joys and sorrows of his brother, his cousins and friends, can
necessarily find no place here; though the idea of his character is
hardly complete without direct evidence of the unbroken or more truly
increasing sympathy he had with those whom he had not met for sixteen
years, and his love for his brother's wife and children whom he had
never seen.

Soon after his return to Norfolk Island came a packet with a three
months' accumulation of home despatches. He read and replied in his old
conversational way, with occasionally a revelation of his deep inner
self:--

'I have been thinking, dear old Fan, about your words, "there would be
a good deal to give and take if you came home for a time;" less perhaps
now than before I was somewhat tamed by my illness. I see more of the
meaning of that petition, "from all blindness of heart, from pride,
vainglory, and hypocrisy; and from all uncharitableness."

'Alas! you don't know what a misspent life I looked back upon, never
losing hold, God be praised, of the sure belief in His promises
of pardon and acceptance in Christ. I certainly saw that a want
of sympathy, an indifference to the feelings of others, want of
consideration, selfishness, in short, lay at the bottom of very much
that I mourned over.

'There is one thing, that I don't mention as an excuse for a fault which
really does exist, but simply as a fact, viz., that being always, even
now, pressed for time, I write very abruptly, and so seem to be much
more positive and dogmatic than I hope, and really think, is the case.
I don't remember ever writing you a letter in which I was able to write
but as I would have talked out the matter under discussion in all its
bearings. This arises partly from impatience, my pen won't go fast
enough; but as I state shortly my opinion, without going through the
reasons which lead me to adopt it, no doubt much that I say seems to be
without reason, and some of it no doubt is.'

I need make no excuse for giving as much as possible of the
correspondence of these last few months, when--though the manner of his
actual departure was violent, there was already the shadow, as it were,
of death upon him.

To Sir J. T. Coleridge the letter was:--


'December 9, 1870.

'My dearest Uncle,--How long it is since I wrote to you!... And yet it
is true that I think more often of you than of anyone, except Jem, Joan
and Fan. In fact, your name meets me so often in one way or another--in
papers from England, and much more in books continually in use, that
I could not fail to think of you if I had not the true, deep love that
brings up the old familiar face and voice so often before my eyes....

'I wish I could talk with you, or rather hear you answer my many
questions on so many points. I get quite bewildered sometimes. It is
hard to read the signs of our times; so hard to see where charity
ends and compromise begins, where the old opinion is to be stoutly
maintained, and where the new mode of thought is to be accepted. I
suppose there always was some little difference among divines as to
"fundamentals," and no ready-made solution exists of each difficult
question as it emerges.

'There is reason for that being so, because it is part of our duty and
trial to exercise our own power of discretion and judgment. But so
much now seems to be left to individuals, and so little is accepted on
authority. In Church matters I have for years thought Synods to be
the one remedy. If men meet and talk over a difficulty, there is a
probability of men's understanding each other's motives, and thus
preserving charity. If one-twentieth part of a diocese insists upon
certain observances which nineteen-twentieths repudiate, it seems clear
that the very small minority is put out of court. Yet how often the
small minority contains more salt than the large majority!

'I know indeed I am speaking honestly, that I am not worthy to
understand dear Mr. Keble on many points. "The secret of our Lord"
is with such men, and we fail to understand him, nous autres I mean,
outside the sanctuary. Yet there is, I must confess it to you, my dear
uncle, a something about his book on Eucharistic Adoration which has the
character to me of foreign rather than of English divinity. I don't
want to be exclusive, far from it. I don't want to be Anglican versus
Primitive; but yet somehow, to me, there is a something which belongs
more to French or Italian than to English character about some parts of
the book. It is no doubt because I can't see what to his eye was plain.'

[An account of the voyage follows as before given.] 'The islanders
are beginning to find out the true character of the many small
vessels cruising among them, taking away people to the plantations in
Queensland, Fiji, &c. So now force is substituted for deceit. Natives
are enticed on board under promises (by signs of course, for nowhere can
they talk to them) of presents, tempted down below into the hold to get
tomahawks, beads, biscuit, &c., then the hatches are clapped on, and
they are stolen away. I have to try and write a statement about it,
which is the last thing I can do properly.'

[Then the history of the weddings and baptisms.] 'There is another
pleasant feature to be noticed. The older scholars, almost all of whom
are Banks Islanders, talk and arrange among themselves plans for helping
natives of the islands. Thus Edward Wogale, of Mota, volunteers to go
to Anudha, 300 or 400 miles off, to stay there with his friend Charles
Sapinamba of that island, to aid him in working among his people. Edward
is older and knows more than Charles. They talk in Mota, but Edward will
soon have to speak the tongue of Anudha when living there. B---- and his
wife offer to go to Santa Maria, Robert Pantatun and his wife to go to
Matlavo, John Nonono to go to Savo, and Andrew Lalena also. This is
very comforting to me. It is bona fide giving up country and home. It is
indicative of a real desire to make known the Gospel to other lands.
So long as they will do this, so long I think we may have the blessed
assurance that God's Holy Spirit is indeed working in their hearts. Dear
fellows! It makes me very thankful.

'My clerical staff is increased by a Mr. Jackson, long a friend and
supporter of the Mission....

'Atkin is a steady-going fellow, most conscientious, with a good
head-piece of his own, diligent and thoughtful rather than quick. He
and Bice read Hebrew daily with me, and they will have soon a very fair
knowledge of it. Joe Atkin knows his Greek Testament very fairly indeed:
Ellicott, Trench, Alford, Wordsworth and others are in use among us.

'I wish you could see some of these little fellows. It is, I suppose,
natural that an old bachelor should have pleasure in young things about
him, ready-made substitutes for children of his own. I do like them.
With English children, save and except Pena, I never was at my ease,
partly I think from a worse than foolish self-consciousness about so
ugly a fellow not being acceptable to children. Anyhow, I don't feel
shy with Melanesians; and I do like the little things about me, even
the babies come to me away from almost anyone, chiefly, perhaps, because
they are acquainted at a very early age with a corner of my room where
dwells a tin of biscuits.

'To this day I shut up and draw into my shell when any white specimen
of humanity looms in sight. How seldom do one's natural tastes coincide
with one's work. And I may be deceiving myself all along. It is true
that I have a very small acquaintance with men; not so very small an
acquaintance with men passed from this world who live in their books;
and some living authors I read--our English Commentators are almost all
alive.

'I think that I read too exclusively one class of books. I am not drawn
out of this particular kind of reading, which is alone really pleasant
and delightful to me, by meeting with persons who discuss other matters.
So I read divinity almost if not quite exclusively. I make dutiful
efforts to read a bit of history or poetry, but it won't do. My
relaxation is in reading some old favourite, Jackson, Hooker, Jeremy
Taylor, &c. Not that I know much about them, for my real studying time
is occupied in translating and teaching. And so I read these books,
and others some German, occasionally (but seldom) French: Reuss, for
example, and Guizot. And on the whole I read a fair amount of Hebrew;
though even now it is only the narrative books that I read, so to say,
rapidly and with ease.

'I wish some of our good Hebrew scholars were sound Poly- and Melanesian
scholars also. I believe it to be quite true that the mode of thought of
a South Sea islander resembles very closely that of a Semitic man. And
their state of mental knowledge or ignorance, too. It is certainly a
mistake to make the Hebrew language do the work of one of our elaborated
European languages, the products of thoughts and education and literary
knowledge which the Hebrew knew nothing of. A Hebrew grammar constructed
on the principle of a Greek or a Latin grammar is simply a huge
anachronism.

'How did the people of the time of Moses, or David, or Jeremiah think?
is the first question. How did they express their thoughts? is the
second. The grammar is but the mode adapted in speech for notifying and
communicating thoughts. That the Jew did not think, consequently did
not speak, like a European is self-evident. Where are we to find people,
children in thought, keenly alive to the outer world, impressible,
emotional, but devoid of the power of abstract thought, to whom long
involved processes of thought and long involved sentences of speech are
unknown? Consequently, the contrivances for stringing together dependent
clauses don't exist. Then some wiseacre of an 18th or 19th century
German writes a grammar on the assumption that a paulo-post-futurum is
necessarily to be provided for the unfortunate Israelite who thought and
talked child's language. Now, we Melanesians habitually think and
speak such languages. I assure you the Hebrew narrative viewed from the
Melanesian point of thought is wonderfully graphic and lifelike. The
English version is dull and lifeless in comparison. No modern Hebrew
scholar agrees with any other as to the mode of construing Hebrew.
Anyone makes anything out of those unfortunately misused tenses.
Delitzsch, Ewald, Gesenius, Perowne, Thrupp, Kay too, give no rule by
which the scholar is to know from the grammar whether the time is past,
present, or future, i.e., whether such and such a verse is a narrative
of a past fact or the prophecy of a future one. It is much a matter of
exegesis; but exegesis not based on grammar is worth very little.

'Really the time is not inherent in the tense at all. But that is a
strong assertion, which I think I could prove, give me time and a power
of writing clearly. Sir William Martin is trying to prove it.

'All languages of the South Seas are constructed on the same principle.
We say, "When I get there, it will be right." But all South Sea
Islanders, "I am there, and it is right." The time is given by something
in the context which indicates that the speaker's mind is in past,
present, or future time. "In the beginning God made" rightly, so, but
not because the tense gives the past sense, for the same tense very
often can't have anything to do with a past sense, but in the beginning
indicates a past time.

'The doctrine of the Vaw conversive is simply a figment of so-called
grammarians; language is not an artificial product, but a natural mode
of expressing ideas.

'And if they assume that Hebrew has a perfect and imperfect, or past and
future (for the grammars use all kinds of names), why on earth
should people who have, on their showing, a past tense, use a clumsy
contrivance of turning a future tense into a past, and vice versa?

'If people had remembered that language is not a trick invented and
contrived by scholars at their desks, but a natural gift, simple at
first, and elaborated by degrees, they could not have made such a mess.

'The truth is, I think, that such a contrivance was devised to make
Hebrew do what European scholars decided it must do, these very men
being ignorant of languages in a simple uncivilised form.

'But, my dear Uncle, what a prose! Only, as I think a good deal about
it, you will excuse it, I know.

'Well, it is time for the weddings! The Chapel looks so pretty, and
(you can't believe it) so do the girls, Emma, Eliza, and Minnie, to be
married to Edwin, Mulewasawasa, Thomas. The native name is a baptismal
one, nevertheless, and a good fellow he is, my head nurse in my illness.

'I can't write about politics. Then comes the astounding news of this
fearful war. What am I to say to my Melanesians about it? Do these
nations believe in the Gospel of peace and goodwill? Is the Sermon
on the Mount a reality or not? Is such conduct a repudiation of
Christianity or not? Are nations less responsible than individuals? What
possible justification is there for this war? It is fearful, fearful on
every ground. Oh, this mighty belauded nineteenth-century civilisation!

'Yet society has improved in some ways. Even war is not without its
accompaniment of religion. And it brings out kindly sympathy and
stimulates works of charity. But what a fearful responsibility lies
upon the cause of the war. It is hard to acquit Louis Napoleon of being
really the cause.

'There would be great pleasure in seeing all the younger ones, not equal
of course to that of seeing you all; but as I get older in my ways and
habits, I think that my mind goes back more to the young ones. True, I
have a large family about me, 145 Melanesians here now. Yet there is
the want of community of thought on some subjects, and the difficulty
of perfectly easy communication with them. No Melanesian tongue is like
English to me.

'I wrote a first sheet, but filled it up with mere stupid thoughts about
questions of the day, not worth sending. And this long letter, badly
written, too, will weary your eyes.

'I must end. My kindest love to Aunt, Mary, and all. Always, my dearest
Uncle,

'Your loving and grateful Nephew,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Two letters of December 12 follow; the first to Bishop Abraham.


Mrs. Palmer's picture of the brides, at the last of the weddings the
Bishop so enjoyed, may be acceptable. It went to Mrs. Abraham by the
same opportunity:--

'Three were married a short time before Christmas; they, with five
others, were baptized on Advent Sunday. They had been here about
thirteen months, and had got on very well during that time, improved in
every way. I think some of them are loveable girls, and it is pleasant
to see them so happy and at home here.

'They were a queer-looking set when they first came, or I suppose I
thought them so.

'I got some of the older girls to give them a good wash all over in warm
water, and then gave them the new clothes. They looked at me in such a
curious way. They had heard of me, "Palmer's wife," from the others, but
had not seen an Englishwoman before. A few days after they came, I ran
into their room with my hair down, and they exclaimed with wonder "We
ura ras" ("very good"), almost shouting, and then I told them to
feel it, and some kissed it with gentle reverence, as though it were
something very extraordinary.

'They are very kind and obliging in doing anything I want. They have
to be looked after a good bit, but are very obedient. I did not imagine
they would give so little trouble. They are great chatterboxes, and very
noisy, but all in an innocent way. They seldom quarrel among themselves.
I don't think their feelings are so strong as those of the Maoris,
either of love or hate.

'I wish you could have been present at the baptism. They looked so
solemn, and spoke out very distinctly. They wore white calico jackets,
and the Font was prettily decorated. The whole service was impressive,
and not less so our good Bishop's voice and manner. They looked very
nice, and it was amusing to see how they took it. Only one could I get
to look in the glass; and she said the flowers were too large: the other
two only submitted to being beautified.'


I return to the Bishop's correspondence:--


'Norfolk Island: Fourth Sunday in Advent, 1870.

'My dearest Joan,--I am choosing--a strange moment to write in. It is
8.30 A.M., and in an hour I am going to the New Church, built by the
Pitcairners, to ordain Mr. C. Bice, Priest. I was up as usual early this
morning, and I am not well, and feeling queer, and having already
read and had Morning Chapel Service, I take now this means of quieting
myself. You see it is nearly three miles to the "town;" the service will
be nearly three hours; I don't quite know how I shall get through it.
I thought of having the service here; but our little Chapel won't hold
even our Melanesian party (80 out of 145) who attend public prayers, and
of course the islanders want to see, and it is good for them to see an
ordination.

'This is my first expedition to the town since I came from the islands,
I shall have a horse in case I am very tired, but I would rather walk
all the way if I can.

'Just now I am headachy, and seedy too; but I think it is all coming
right again. I hope to have a bright happy Christmas.

'After this day's Ordination we shall number one Bishop, six Priests,
and one Deacon. There are three or four Melanesians who ought soon to be
ordained; and if it is possible for me to spend two or three months this
next winter at Mota, I must read with George, and perhaps ordain him
Priest. It troubles me much that during all these summer months there
can be no administration of the Holy Communion, though there are six
communicants, besides George, now living for good at Mota. There will be
four or five next year taking up their abode at the neighbouring island
of Aroa.

'Dear Joan! At such times as these, when one is engaged in a specially
solemn work, there is much heart-searching, and I can't tell you how my
conscience accuses me of such systematic selfishness during many long
years. I do see it now, though only in part. I mean, I see how I was all
along making self the centre, and neglecting all kinds of duties, social
and others, in consequence.

'I think that self-consciousness, a terrible malady, is one's misfortune
as well as one's fault. But the want of any earnest effort at correcting
a fault is worse perhaps than the fault itself. And I feel such great,
such very great need for amendment here. This great fault brings its
punishment in part even now. I mean, there is a want of brightness,
cheerfulness, elasticity of mind about the conscious man or woman. He
is prone to have gloomy, narrow, sullen thoughts, to brood over fancied
troubles and difficulties; because, making everything refer to and
depend on self, he naturally can get none of that comfort which they
enjoy whose minds naturally turn upwards for help and light.

'In this way I do suffer a good deal. My chariot-wheels often drag very
heavily. I am not often in what you may call good spirits. And yet I
am aware that I am writing now under the influence of a specially
depressing disorder, and that I may misinterpret my real state of mind.
No one ought to be happier, as far as advantages of employment in a good
service, and kindness of friends, &c., can contribute to make one happy.
And, on the whole, I know my life is a happy one. I am sure that I have
a far larger share of happiness than falls to the lot of most people.
Only I do feel very much the lack, almost the utter lack of just that
grace which was so characteristic of our dear Father, that simplicity
and real humility and truthfulness of character!

'Well, one doesn't often say these things to another person! But it is
a relief to say them. I know the remedy quite well. It is a very
simple case for the doctor to deal with; but it costs the patient just
everything short of life, when you have to dig right down and cut out by
the roots an evil of a whole life standing. I assure you that it is hard
work, because these feelings of ours are such intangible, untractable
things! It is hard to lay hold of, and mould and direct them.

'But I pray God that I may not willingly yield to these gloomy unloving
feelings. As often as I look out of myself upon Him, His love and
goodness, then I catch a bright gleam. I think that you will not suspect
me of being in a morbid state of mind. You will say, "Poor old fellow!
he was seedy and depressed when he wrote all that." And that's true, but
not the whole truth. I have much need of your prayers, indeed, for grace
and strength to correct faults of which I am conscious, to say nothing
of unknown sin.

'The Ordination is over, a quiet solemn service. The new Church, which I
had not seen, is very creditable to the people, who built it themselves.
It is wooden, about thirty-six or thirty-eight feet high, will hold 500
people well.

'Mr. Nobbs preached a very good sermon. I got on very well. Singing very
good. Five Priests assisting in this little place!

'Christmas Eve.--What a meaning one of my favourite hymns (xxxviii. in
"Book of Praise") has, when one thinks of this awful war, how hard to
realize the suffering and misery; the rage and exasperation; the pride
and exaltation! How hard to be thankful enough for the blessings of
peace in this little spot!

'Our Chapel is beautifully decorated. A star at the east end over
the word Emmanuel, all in golden everlasting flame, with lilies and
oleanders in front of young Norfolk Island pines and evergreens.

'Seven new Communicants to-morrow morning. And all things, God be
praised, happy and peaceful about us. All Christmas blessings and joys
to you, dear ones!

'Christmas Day, 3 P.M.--Such a happy day! Such a solemn, quiet service
at 7 A.M., followed by a short joyous 11 A.M. service. Christmas Hymn,
one with words set to the tune for "Hark! the herald Angels sing."

'You know we never have the Litany on Sundays, because everybody is in
Chapel twice a day, and we of course have it on Wednesday and Friday,
and every native Communion Sunday, i.e., every alternate Sunday; we have
no Communion Service at 11 A.M. as our Communicants have been in Chapel
at the 7 o'clock service; so to-day, the Lessons being short, the
service, including my short service, was over by 11.20.

'Now we have a week's holiday, that is, no school; though I think it
is hard work, inasmuch as the preparing plans for school lessons,
rearranging classes, sketching out the work, is tiring to me.

'Then I have such heaps of letters, which do worry me. But, on the other
hand, I get much quiet time for some reading, and I enjoy that more than
anything. Ten of our party were in Chapel at 11 A.M. with us for the
first time. You know that we don't allow everyone to come, but only
those that we believe to be aware of the meaning of Prayer, and who can
read, and are in a fair way to be Catechumens. All these ten will, I
hope, be baptized this summer.

'We are obliged, seriously, to think of a proper Chapel. The present one
is 45 ft. by 19 ft. and too small. It is only a temporary oblong room;
very nice, because we have the crimson hangings, handsome sandal-wood
lectern, and some good carving. But we have to cram about eighty
persons into it, and on occasions (Baptisms and Confirmations, or at
an Ordination) when others come, we have no room. Mr. Codrington
understands these things well, and not only as an amateur archaeologist;
he knows the principle of building well in stone and wood. Especially
useful in this knowledge here, where we work up our own material to
a great extent. Our notion--his notion rather--is to have stone
foundations and solid stone buttresses to carry a light roof. Then the
rest will be wood. It ought to be about sixty feet by thirty, exclusive
of chancel and apse. When we get all the measurements carefully made,
we shall send exact accounts of the shape and size of the windows, and
suggest subjects for stained glass by Hardman, or whoever might now be
the best man. I hope that it won't cost very much, £perhaps 500.

December 21st.--We have not had a fine Christmas week, heavy rain and
hot winds. But the rain has done much good. The Norfolk Islanders have
much influenza, but we are at present quite free from it.

'Yesterday I spent two hours in training and putting to rights my
stephanotis, which now climbs over half my verandah. I have such
Japanese lilies making ready to put forth their splendours. Two or three
azaleas grow well. Rhododendrons won't grow well. My little pines grow
well, and are about seven feet high. It is very pleasant to see the
growth of these things when I return from the voyage. The "pottering
about" the little gardens, the park-like paddocks, with our sheep and
cattle and horses, gives me some exercise every day. I go about quietly,
and very often by myself, with a book. After thinking of all kinds
of things and persons, I think that my increased and increasing
unwillingness to write is one proof of my not being so strong or
vigorous. I can't tell you what an effort it is to me to write a
business letter; and I almost dread a long effusion from anyone,
because, though I like reading it, I have the thought of the labour of
answering it in my mind.

'Then again, I who used to be so very talkative, am taciturn now.
Occasionally, I victimize some unfortunate with a flow of language about
some point of divinity, or if I get a hearer on South Sea languages, I
can bore him with much satisfaction to myself. But I am so stupid about
small talk. I cannot make it. When I have to try with some Norfolk
Islander, e.g. it does weary me so! Mind, I don't despise it. But
instead of being a relaxation, it is of all things the hardest work to
me. I am very dull in that way, you know. And sometimes I think people
must take me to be sullen, for I never know how to keep the talk going.
Then if I do talk, I get upon some point that no one cares for, and bore
everybody. So here, too, I fall back on my own set of friends, who are
most tolerant of my idiosyncrasies, and on my Melanesians who don't
notice them.

'Your loving Brother,

'J. C. P.'

In spite of this distaste for writing, a good many letters were sent
forth during the early months of 1871, most of them the final ones to
each correspondent. The next, to Miss Mackenzie, is a reply to one
in which, by Bishop Wilkinson's desire, she had sought for counsel
regarding the Zulu Mission, especially on questions that she knew by
experience to be most difficult, i.e., of inculcating Christian modesty,
and likewise on the qualifications of a native ministry:--


'Norfolk Island: Jan. 26, 1871.

'My dear Miss Mackenzie,--In addition to a very long and interesting
letter of yours, I have a letter from my sister, who has just seen you
at Havant, so I must lose no more time in writing.

'First, let me say that I am as sure as I can be of anything that I
have not registered, that I wrote to thank you for the prints long ago.
Indeed, all these many gifts of yours are specially valuable as having
been once the property of your brother, of whom it seems presumptuous
for me to speak, and as having actually been used in Mission work in so
distant a part of the world.

'I need not say that "Thomas a Kempis," his sextant, and his pedometer,
are among my few real valuables. For the use of the prints, I can't say
much on my own knowledge. My classes are for the most part made up of
lads and young men, teachers, or preparing for Confirmation or Holy
Communion; one class, always of younger ones, being prepared for
Baptism; and sometimes youths, newcomers, when we have to take in hand a
new language. Those prints are not of much use, therefore, to my special
classes. Most of them have passed beyond the stage of being taught by
pictures, though they like to look at them. But Mrs. Palmer has been
using them constantly with the girls' classes, and so with the less
advanced classes throughout the school.

'One difficulty will to the end be, that by the time we can talk freely
to our scholars, and they can understand their own language employed
as a vehicle for religious teaching, they are not sufficiently supplied
with books. True, we have translations of such parts of the Bible as
quite enable us to teach all that a Christian need know and do; but I
often wish for plenty of good useful little books on other subjects,
and I don't see my way to this. Our own press is always at work printing
translations, &c. It is not easy to write the proper kind of book in
these languages, and how are they to be printed? We haven't time to
print them here, and who is to correct the press elsewhere? The great
fact in your letter is the account of Bishop Wilkinson's Consecration. I
am heartily glad to hear of it, and I will send, if I can, now, if not,
soon, an enclosure to him for you to forward. I doubt if I can help him
by any means as to qualifications of candidates for Holy Orders, &c. Our
work is quite in a tentative state, and I am sometimes troubled to see
that this Mission is supposed to be in a more advanced state than is
really the case.

'For example, the report of a man going ashore dressed as a Bishop with
a Bible in his hand to entice the natives away, assumes islands to be
in a state where the conventional man in white tie and black-tail coat
preaches to the natives. My costume, when I go ashore, is an old Crimean
shirt, a very ancient wide-awake. Not a syllable has in all probability
ever been written, except in our small note-books, of the language of
the island. My attention is turned to keeping the crowd in good-humour
by a few simple presents of fish-hooks, beads, &c. Only at Mota is there
a resident Christian; and even there, people who don't know what Mota
was, and what a Melanesian island, for the most part, alas! still is,
would see nothing to indicate a change for the better, except that the
people are unarmed, and would be friendly and confiding in their manner
to a stranger.

'I hardly know how to bring my Melanesian experience to bear upon
Zululand. The immorality, infanticide, superstition, &c., seem to be as
great in a Melanesian island as in any part of the heathen world. And
with our many languages, it is not possible for us to-know the "slang"
of the various islands.

'We must be cheery about it all. Just see what the old writers, e.g.
Chrysostom, say about Christian (nominally) morals and manners at
wedding feasts, and generally. Impurity is the sin, par excellence, of
all unchristian people. Look at St. Paul's words to the Corinthians and
others. And we must not expect, though we must aim at, and hope, and
pray for much that we don't see yet.

'What opportunity will Bishop Wilkinson have for testing the practical
teaching power and steady conduct of his converts?

'Many of our Melanesians have their classes here, and we can form an
opinion of their available knowledge, how far they can reproduce what
they know, &c. We can see, too, whether they exercise any influence over
the younger ones.

'Twelve (this season) are counted as sixth form, or monitors, or
whatever you please to call them. [Then ensues an account of the
rotation of industrial work, &c.]

'The other day I was examining an Ysabel lad, not formally in school,
but he happened to be in my room, as they are always hanging about (as
you know). He knew much more than I expected: "Who taught you all this?
I am very well pleased."

'"Wogale," was the answer.

'Edward Wogale is George Sarawai's own brother, volunteering now to go
to Anudha (Florida), near Ysabel Island. If I see that a young man
(by his written notes, little essays so to say, analysis of lessons)
understands what he has been taught; and if I see (by the proficiency
of his pupils) that he can reproduce and communicate this teaching to
others, then one part of the question of his fitness is answered. If
he has been here for years, always well conducted, and if when at home
occasionally he has always behaved well and resisted temptation; and
perhaps I should add, if he is respectably married, or about to be
married, to a decent Christian girl, then we may hope that the matter of
moral fitness may be hopefully settled. Assuming this, and thank God, I
believe I may assume that it is the case with several here now, as soon
as a Deacon is required in any place that he is willing to work in, I
should not hesitate to ordain him; but I can't specify exactly what
his qualifications ought to be, because I can't undertake to settle the
difficult question of what constitutes absolutely essential teaching
for a Christian, i.e., the doctrine of fundamentals. Practically one
can settle it; and that quite as well as in England, where there is, and
must be any amount of inequality in the attainments and earnestness of
the candidates, and where no examination can secure the fitness or even
the mental capacity of the minister.

'I say to myself, "Here is an island or a part of an island from which
we have had a good many scholars. Some married ones are going back to
live permanently. They are Christians, and some are Communicants. They
wish to do what they can to get the young ones about them for regular
school and to talk to the older people. They all have and can use their
Prayer-books. The people are friendly. Is there one among them of whom I
can (humanly speaking) feel sure that, by God's blessing, he will lead a
good life among them, and that he can and will teach them faithfully the
elements of Christian truth and practice? If we all agree that there is
such a one, why not ordain him?"

'But I want to see people recognising the office of Deacon as something
very distinct indeed from that of the Priest. It is a very different
matter indeed, when we come to talk about candidates for Priest's
orders.

'Again, look at the missionary clergy of old times. No doubt in
mediaeval times so much stress was laid upon the mere perfunctory
performance of the ministerial act, as apart from careful teaching of
the meaning and purport of the act, that the mediaeval missionary is so
far not a very safe model for us to imitate.

'But I suppose that multitudes of men did good work who could no more
comprehend nor write out the result of lessons that Edward, Henry,
Edmund, Robert and twenty others here are writing out, than our English
peasant can comprehend a learned theological treatise.

'And we must consider the qualifications of one's native clergy in
relation to the work that they have to do. They have not to teach
theology to educated Christians, but to make known the elements of
Gospel truth to ignorant heathen people. If they can state clearly and
forcibly the very primary leading fundamental truths of the Gospel, and
live as simple-minded humble Christians, that is enough indeed.

'Perhaps this is as likely to make the Bishop understand my notions on
the subject as any more detailed account of the course of instruction. I
really have not time to copy out some ten or twelve pages of some older
lad's note-book. I think you would be satisfied with their work. I don't
mean, of course, the mere writing, which is almost always excellent, but
there is a ready apprehension of the meaning of any point clearly put
before them, which is very satisfactory. I am now thinking of the
twenty or thirty best among our 145 scholars. This is a confused, almost
unintelligible scrawl; but I am busy, and not very fresh for work.

'Yours very truly,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


A letter to Bishop Abraham was in hand at the same time, full of replies
to the information in one newly received from this much valued friend.
After deploring an attack of illness from which Mrs. Abraham had been
suffering, comes the remark--

'You know what one always feels, that one can't be unhappy about good
people, whatever happens to them. I do so enjoy your talk about Church
works in England. It makes the modern phraseology intelligible. I know
now what is meant by "missions" and "missioners" and "retreats."

'I was thinking lately of George Herbert at Hereford, as I read the four
sermons which Vaughan lately preached there, one on the Atonement, which
I liked very much indeed. The Cathedral has been beautifully restored,
has it not? Then, I think of you in York Minster on November 20, with
that good text from Psalm xcvi. I read your letter on Tuesday; on which
day our morning Psalms in Chapel are always chanted, xcv., xcvi., xcvii.
The application seems very natural, but to work out those applications
is difficult. The more I read sermons, and I read a good many, the more
I wonder how men can write them!

'Mind, I will gladly pay Charley ten shillings a sermon, if he will copy
it out for me. It will do the boy good. Dear old Tutor used to fag me
to write copies of the Bishop's long New Zealand letters, as I wrote a
decent hand then. Don't I remember a long one from Anaiteum, and how I
wondered where on earth or sea Anaiteum could be!

'I want to hear men talk on these matters (the Eucharistic question) who
represent the view that is least familiar to me. And then I feel, when
it comes to a point of Greek criticism, sad regret and almost remorse at
my old idleness and foolish waste of time when I might have made myself
a decent scholar. I cram up passages, instead of applying a scholarly
habit of mind to the examination of them. And now too, it is harder than
ever to correct bad habits of inattention, inaccuracy, &c. I am almost
too weary oftentimes to do my work anyhow, much less can I make an
effort to improve my way of doing it. But I must be content, thankful to
get on somehow or other, and to be able to teach the fellows something.

'It is quite curious to see how often one is baffled in one's attempts
to put oneself en rapport with the Melanesian mind. If one can manage
it, they really show one that they know a good deal, not merely by
heart, or as matter of memory, that is worth little; but they show that
they can think. But often they seem utterly stupid and lost, and one is
perplexed to know what their difficulty can possibly be. One thing is
clear, that they have little faculty of generalization. As you know,
they seldom have a name for their island, but only names for each tiny
headland, and bay, and village. The name for the island you must learn
from the inhabitants of another island who view the one whose name you
are seeking as one because, being distant, it must appear to them in
its oneness, not in its many various parts. Just so, they find it very
difficult to classify any ideas under general heads. Ask for details,
and you get a whole list of them. Ask for general principles, and only a
few can answer.

'For example, it is not easy to make them see how all temptations to sin
were overcome in the three representative assaults made upon Him in the
wilderness; how love is the fulfilling of the Law; or how the violation
of one Commandment is the violation (of the principle) of all.

'Then they have much difficulty (from shyness partly, and a want of
teaching when young) in expressing themselves. They really know much
that only skilful questioning, much more skilful than mine, can get out
of them. It wants--all teaching does--a man with lots of animal spirits,
health, pluck, vigour, &c. Every year I find it more difficult.'


To another of the New Zealand friends who had returned to England there
was a letter on Jan. 31:--


'My dear Mr. Lloyd,--I must send you a line, though I have little to
say. And I should be very sorry if we did not correspond with some
attempt at regularity.

'What can one think of long without the mind running off to France? What
a wonderful story it is! Only Old Testament language can describe
it, only a Prophet can moralise upon it. It is too dreadful in its
suddenness and extent. One fears that vice and luxury and ungodliness
have destroyed whatever of chivalry and patriotism there once was in
the French character. To think that this is the country of St. Louis
and Bayard! The Empire seems almost systematically to have completed
the demoralisation of the people. There is nothing left to appeal to,
nothing on which to rally. It is an awful thing to see such judgments
passing before our very eyes. So fearful a humiliation may do something
yet for the French people, but I dread even worse news. It nearly came
the other day to a repetition of the old Danton and Robespierre days.

'Here we are going on happily.... I would give something to spend a
quiet Sunday with you in your old Church. How pleasant to have an old
Church.

'Always yours affectionately,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


My own last letter came at the same time:--


'Norfolk Island: February 16th, 1871.

'My dear Cousin,--I must not leave your letter of last October without
an instalment of an answer, though this is only a chance opportunity of
sending letters by a whaler, and I have only ten minutes.

'Your account of the Southampton Congress is a regular picture. I thinly
I can see the Bishops of Winton, Sarum, and Oxon; and all that you say
by way of comment on what is going off in the Church at home interests
me exceedingly. You can't think what a treat your letters are.

'You see Mr. Codrington is the only one of my age, and (so to say)
education here, and so to commune with one who thinks much on these
matters, which of course have the deepest interest for me, is very
pleasant and useful. On this account I do so value the Bishop of
Salisbury's letters, and it is so very kind of him to write to me in the
midst of the overwhelming occupations of an English diocese.

'I don't think you have mentioned Dr. Vaughan. I read his books with
much interest. He doesn't belong to the Keble theology; but he seems to
me to be a thoughtful, useful, and eminently practical writer. He
seems to know what men are thinking of, and to grapple with their
difficulties. I am pleased with a little book, by Canon Norris, "Key
to the New Testament": the work of a man who has read a good deal, and
thought much.

'He condenses into a 2s. 6d. book the work of years.

'You are all alive now, trying to work up your parochial schools to
"efficiency" mark--rather you were doing so, for I think there was
only time allowed up to December 31, 1870. I hope that the efforts were
successful. At such times one wishes to see great noble gifts, men of
great riches giving their £10,000 to a common fund. Then I remember that
the claims and calls are so numerous in England, that very wealthy men
can hardly give in that way.

'Certainly I am spared the temptation myself of seeing the luxury and
extravagance which must tempt one to feel hard and bitter, I should
fear. We go on quietly and happily. You know our school is large. Thank
God, we are all well, save dear old Fisher, who met with a sad boating
accident last week. A coil of the boat raft caught his ankle as the
strain was suddenly tightened by a rather heavy sea, and literally
tore the front part of his foot completely off, besides dislocating and
fracturing the ankle-bone. He bears the pain well, and he is doing very
well; but there may be latent tetanus, and I shall not feel easy for ten
days more yet.

'His smile was pleasant, and his grasp of the hand was an indication of
his faith and trust, as he answered my remark, "You know Fisher, He does
nothing without a reason: you remember our talk about the sparrows and
the hairs of our heads."

'"I know," was all he said; but the look was a whole volume....

'Your Charlotte is Fisher's wife, you know, and a worthy good creature
she is. Poor old Fisher, the first time I saw tears on his cheeks was
when his wife met him being carried up, and I took her to him.

'The mail goes. Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


It may as well be here mentioned that Fisher Pantatun escaped tetanus,
lived to have his limb amputated by a medical man, who has since come to
reside at Norfolk Island, and that he has been further provided with a
wooden leg, to the extreme wonder and admiration of his countrymen at
Mota, where he has since joined the Christian community.

The home letter, finished the last, had been begun before the first, on
Feb. 11, 'My birthday,' as the Bishop writes, adding:--'How as time goes
on we think more and more of him and miss him. Especially now in these
times, with so many difficult questions distressing and perplexing men,
his wise calm judgment would have been such a strength and support. You
know I have all his letters since I left England, and he never missed
a mail. And now it is nearly ten years since he passed away from this
world. What would he say to us all? What would he think of all that has
taken place in the interval? Thank God, he would certainly rejoice in
seeing all his children loving each other more and more as they grow
older and learn from experience the blessedness and infrequency of such
a thoroughly united, happy set of brothers and sisters. Why, you have
never missed a single mail in all these sixteen years; and I know, in
spite of occasional differences of opinion, that there is really more
than ever of mutual love, and much more of mutual esteem than ever.
There is no blessing like this. And it is a special and unusual
blessing. And surely, next to God, we owe it to our dear parents, and
perhaps especially to him who was the one to live on as we grew up into
men and women. What should I have done out here without a perfect trust
in you three, and without your letters and loving remembrances in boxes,
&c.? I fancy that I should have broken down altogether, or else have
hardened (more than I have become) to the soft and restful influences of
the home life. I see some people really alone in these countries, really
expatriated. Now I never feel that; partly because I have your letters,
partly because I have the knowledge that, if ever I did have to go to
England, I should find all the old family love, only intensified and
deepened. I can tell you that the consciousness of all this is a great
help, and carries one along famously. And then the hope of meeting
by-and-by and for ever!'


'True to the kindred points of heaven and home.' Surely such loyalty of
heart, making a living influence of parents so long in their graves, has
been seldom, at least, put on record, though maybe it often and often
has existed.


Again, on March 8:--'Such a fit came over me yesterday of old memories.
I was reading a bit of Wordsworth (the poet).

I remembered dear dear Uncle Frank telling me how Wordsworth came over
to Ottery, and called on him, and how he felt so honoured; and so I felt
on thinking of him, and the old (pet) names, and most of all, of course,
of Father and Mother, I seemed to see them all with unusual clearness.
Then I read one of the two little notes I had from Mr. Keble, which live
in my "Christian Year," and so I went on dreaming and thinking.

'Yes, if by His mercy I may indeed be brought to the home where they
dwell! But as the power of keen enjoyment of this world was never mine,
as it is given to bright healthy creatures with eyes and teeth and limbs
sound and firm, so I try to remember dear Father's words, that "he did
not mean that he was fit to go because there was little that he cared
to stop here for." And I don't feel morbid like, only with a diminished
capacity for enjoying things here. Of the mere animal pleasures, eating
and drinking are a serious trouble. My eyes don't allow me to look about
much, and I walk with "unshowing eye turned towards the earth." I don't
converse with ease; there is the feeling of difficulty in framing words.
I prefer to be alone and silent. If I must talk, I like the English
tongue least of all. Melanesia doesn't have such combinations of
consonants and harsh sounds as our vernacular rejoices in. If I speak
loud, as in preaching, I am pretty clear still; but I can't read at all
properly now without real awkwardness.

'I am delighted with Shairp's "Essays" that Pena sent me. He has the
very nature to make him capable of appreciating the best and most
thoughtful writers, especially those who have a thoughtful spirit of
piety in them. He gives me many a very happy quiet hour. I wish such a
book had come in my way while I was young. I more than ever regret that
Mr. Keble's "Praelectiones" was never translated into English. I am sure
that I have neglected poetry all my life for want of some guide to the
appreciation and criticism of it, and that I am the worse for it. If you
don't use Uncle Sam's "Biographia Literaria," and "Literary Remains," I
should much like to have them.

'Do you, Fan, care to have any of my German books? I have, indeed,
scarce any but theological ones. But no one else reads German here, and
I read none but the divinity; and, indeed, I almost wish I had them in
translations, for the sake of the English type and paper. My eyes don't
like the German type at all.

'Moreover, now (it was not so years ago), all that is worth reading
in their language is in a good serviceable English dress, and passed,
moreover, through the minds of clear English thinkers--and the Germans
are such wordy, clumsy, involved writers. A man need not be a German
scholar to be well acquainted with all useful German theology. Döllinger
is almost the only clear, plain writer I know among them. Dorner, the
great Lutheran divine, gives you about two pages and a half of close
print for a single sentence--awful work, worse than my English!... But I
know that if I read less, and thought more, it would be better. Only it
is such hard work thinking, and I am so lazy! I was amused at hearing,
through another lad, of Edward Wogale's remark, "This helping in
translation" (a revisal of the "Acts" in Mota) "is such hard work!"
"Yes, my boy, brain work takes it out of you." I wish I had Jem's power
of writing reports, condensing evidence into clear reliable statements.
Lawyers get that power; while we Clergymen are careless and inaccurate,
because, as old Lord Campbell said, "there is no reply to our sermons."

'What would I give to have been well drilled in grammar, and made an
accurate scholar in old days! Ottery School and Eton didn't do much for
me in that way, though of course the fault was chiefly in myself.

'But most of all, I think that I regret the real loss to us Eton boys
of the weekly help that Winchester, Rugby, and Harrow boys had from
Moberly, Arnold, and Vaughan in their sermons! I really think that might
have helped to keep us out of harm!

'It is now 4.30 P.M., calm and hot. Such a tiger-lily on my table,
and the pretty delicate achimenes, and the stephanotis climbing up the
verandah, and a bignonia by its side, with honeysuckle all over the
steps, and jessamine all over the two water-tanks at the angle of the
verandah. The Melanesians have, I think, twenty-nine flower gardens, and
they bring the flowers, &c.--lots of flowers, and the oleanders are a
sight! Some azaleas are doing well, verbenas, hibiscus of all kinds.
Roses and, alas! clove carnations, and stocks, and many of the dear old
cottage things won't grow well. Scarlet passion flowers and splendid
Japanese lilies of perfect white or pink or spotted. The golden one I
have not yet dared to buy. They are most beautiful. I like both the
red and the yellow tritoma; we have both. But I don't think we have the
perfume of the English flowers, and I miss the clover and buttercup. And
what would I give for an old-fashioned cabbage rose, as big as a saucer,
and for fresh violets, which grow here but have little scent, and lilies
of the valley! Still more, fancy seeing a Devonshire bank in spring,
with primroses and daisies, or meadows with cowslip and clover and
buttercups, and hearing thrushes and blackbirds and larks and cuckoos,
and seeing trout rise to the flies on the water! There is much
exaggeration in second-rate books about tropical vegetation. You
are really much better off than we are. No trees equal English oaks,
beeches, and elms, and chestnuts; and with very little expense and
some care, you have any flowers you like, growing out of doors or in a
greenhouse. You can make a warmer climate, and we can't a colder one.
But we have plenty to look at for all that. There, what a nice hour I
have spent in chatting with you!'

This same dreamy kind of 'chat,' full of the past, and of quiet
meditation over the present, reminding one of Bunyan's Pilgrims in the
Land of Beulah, continues at intervals through the sheets written while
waiting for the 'Southern Cross.' Here is a note (March 14) of the
teaching:--

'I am working at the Miracles with the second set, and I am able to
venture upon serious questions, viz. the connection between sin and
physical infirmity or sickness, the Demoniacs, the power of working
miracles as essential to the Second Adam, in whom the prerogative of the
Man (the ideal man according to the idea of his original condition) was
restored. Then we go pretty closely into detail on each miracle, and try
to work away till we reach a general principle or law.

'With another class I am making a kind of Commentary on St. Luke. With a
third, trying to draw out in full the meaning of the Lord's Prayer.
With a fourth, Old Testament history. It is often very interesting; but,
apart from all sham, I am a very poor teacher. I can discourse, or talk
with equals, but I can't teach. So I don't do justice to these or any
other pupils I may chance to have. But they learn something among us
all.'

He speaks of himself as being remarkably well and free from the
discomforts of illness during the months of March and April: and these
letters show perfect peace and serenity of spirit; but his silence and
inadequacy for 'small talk' were felt like depression or melancholy by
some of his white companions, and he always seemed to feel it difficult
to rouse himself. To sit and study his Hebrew Isaiah with Delitzsch's
comment was his chief pleasure; and on his birthday, April 1, Easter
Eve, and the ensuing holy days, he read over all his Father's letters
to him, and dwelt, in the remarks to his sisters, upon their wisdom and
tenderness.

Mr. Codrington says: 'Before starting on the voyage he had confirmed
some candidates in the Church in town: on which occasion he seemed to
rouse himself with difficulty for the walk, and would go by himself;
but he was roused again by the service, and gave a spirited and eloquent
address, and came back, after a hearty meal and lively conversation,
much refreshed in mind and body. This was on Palm Sunday. On Easter
Day he held his last confirmation of three girls and two Solomon Island
boys.

Then came the 'Southern Cross,' bringing with her from New Zealand a box
with numerous books and other treasures, the pillow that the old Bishop
of Exeter was leaning on when he died; a photograph, from the Bishop
of Salisbury, of his Cathedral, and among the gifts for the younger
Melanesians, a large Noah's ark, which elicited great shouts of delight.

'Well! [after mentioning the articles in order] all these things, and
still more the thought of the pains taken and the many loving feelings
engaged in getting them together, will help me much during the coming
months. All the little unexpected things are so many little signs of the
care and love you always have for me, and that is more than their own
value, after all. I always feel it solemn to go off on these voyages.
We have had such mercies. Fisher is doing quite well, getting about
on crutches; and that is the only hospital case we have had during the
whole summer.'

Then follows:--

'April 27th.--We start in a few hours (D.V.). The weather is better.
You have my thoughts and hopes and prayers. I am really pretty well: and
though often distressed by the thought of past sins and present ones,
yet I have a firm trust in God's mercy through Christ, and a reasonable
hope that the Holy Spirit is guiding and influencing me. What more can I
say to make you think contentedly and cheerfully about me? God bless you
all!'

So the last voyage was begun. The plan was much the same as usual. On
the way to Mota, the Bishop landed on Whitsuntide Island, and there was
told that what the people called a 'thief ship' had carried off some of
their people. Star Island was found nearly depopulated. On May 16,
the Bishop, with Mr. Bice and their scholars, landed at Mota, and the
'Southern Cross' went on with Mr. Brooke to Florida, where he found that
the 'Snatch-snatch' vessels, as they were there called, had carried off
fifty men. They had gone on board to trade, but were instantly clapped
under hatches, while tobacco and a hatchet were thrown to their friends
in the canoe. Some canoes had been upset by a noose from the vessel,
then a gun was fired, and while the natives tried to swim away, a boat
was lowered, which picked up the swimmers, and carried them off. One man
named Lave, who jumped overboard and escaped, had had two fingers held
up to him, which he supposed to mean two months, but which did mean two
years.

It was plain that enticing having failed, violence was being resorted
to; and Mr. Brooke was left to an anxious sojourn, while Mr. Atkin
returned to Mota on his way to his own special charge at Bauro. He says,
on June 9:--

'The Bishop had just come back from a week's journeying with William in
his boat. They had been to Santa Maria, Vanua Lava, and Saddle Island;
the weather was bad, but the Bishop, although he is tired, does not
think he is any the worse for his knocking about. He is not at all well;
he is in low spirits, and has lost almost all his energy. He said, while
talking about the deportation of islanders to Fiji, that he didn't know
what was to be done; all this time had been spent in preparing teachers
qualified to teach their own people, but now when the teachers were
provided, all the people were taken away. The extent to which the
carrying off of the natives has gone is startling. It certainly is time
for us to think what is to be done next. I do not think that it is an
exaggerated estimate, others would say it is under the mark, that one
half the population of the Banks Islands over ten years of age have been
taken away. I am trying not to expect anything about the Solomon Islands
before we are there, but we have heard that several vessels have
cargoes from there. If the people have escaped a little longer for their
wildness, it will not be for long.

'The Bishop still remained at Mota, while I went back to the Solomon
Islanders. The cliffs of Mota, and perhaps the intelligence of the
people, had comparatively protected it, though Port Patteson had become
a station of the "labour ships." The village of Kohimarama was not a
disappointment.'

Bishop Patteson proceeds:--

'Things are very different. I think that we may, without danger, baptize
a great many infants and quite young children--so many parents are
actually seeking Christian teaching themselves, or willing to give
their children to be taught. I think that some adults, married men, may
possibly be baptized. I should think that not less than forty or fifty
are daily being taught twice a day, as a distinct set of Catechumens.
Besides this, some of the women seem to be in earnest.

'About two hours and a half are spent daily by me with about
twenty-three grown-up men. They come, too, at all hours, in small
parties, two or three, to tell their thoughts and feelings, how they are
beginning to pray, what they say, what they wish and hope, &c.

'There is more indication than I ever saw here before of a "movement,"
a distinct advance, towards Christianity. The distinction between
passively listening to our teaching, and accepting it as God's Word
and acting upon it, seems to be clearly felt. I speak strongly and
habitually about the necessity of baptism. "He that believeth, and is
baptized" &c. Independently of the doctrinal truth about baptism,
the call to the heathen man to take some step, to enter into some
engagement, to ally himself with a body of Christian believers by some
distinct act of his own, needing careful preparation, &c., has a meaning
and a value incalculably great.

'"Yes, JESUS is to us all a source of pardon, light, and life, all these
treasures are in Him. But he distributes these gifts by His Spirit in
His appointed ways. You can't understand or receive the Gospel with a
heart clinging to your old ways. And you can't remake your hearts. He
must do it, and this is His way of doing it. You must be born again. You
must be made new men."

'But why write all this, which is so commonplace?

'I feel more than ever the need of very simple, very short services for
ignorant Catechumens.

'They used to throng our morning and evening prayer, perhaps 130 being
present, for about that number attend our daily school; but they could
not understand one sentence in ten of the Common Prayer-book. And it is
bad for people to accustom themselves to a "formal" service. So I have
stopped that. We baptized people have our regular service and at the end
of my school, held in the dark, 7-8.30 P.M., in the verandah, we kneel
down, and I pray extempore, touching the points which have formed the
lesson.

'I don't like teaching these adults who can't read a form of private
prayer. I try to make them understand that to wish earnestly is to pray;
that they must put what they wish for clearly before their own minds,
and then pray to God for it, through Christ. But I must try to supply
progressive lessons for the Catechumens and others, with short prayers
to be read by the teacher at the end (and beginning, too, perhaps) of
the lesson. Much must depend on the individual teacher's unction and
force.

'Well, I hope and trust to be able to tell you two months hence of some
of these people being baptized. Only three adults have been baptized
here on the island, and all three were dying.

'It is very comforting to think that all of us have been engaged in this
Mota work, Dudley, and Mr. Pritt, and Mr. Kerr, too, and all our present
staff have had much to do with it. Especially I think now of three young
men, all married, who came to me lately, saying, "All these years (an
interval of six or seven years) we have been thinking now and then about
what we heard years ago, when we were with you in New Zealand for a few
months." They are now thoroughly in earnest, as far as I can judge, and
their wives, as I hope, move along with them. How one old set must have
influenced them a long time ago. Bice, who speaks Mota very well, was
very energetic during his fortnight here. He is now gone on with Mr.
Brooke and Mr. Atkin that he may see the work in the Solomon Isles. I
meant to go; but there seemed to be a special reason why I should stay
here just now, vessels seeking labourers for Fiji and Queensland are
very frequently calling at these islands.

'Mr. Thurston, late Acting Consul at Fiji, was with me the day before
yesterday. He has taken a very proper view of this labour question;
and he assures me that the great majority of the Fiji planters are very
anxious that there should be no kidnapping, no unfair treatment of the
islanders. I have engaged to go to Fiji (D.V.) at the end of my island
work, i.e., on my return to Norfolk Island, probably about the end of
September. I shall go there in the "Southern Cross," send her on to her
summer quarters in New Zealand, and get from Fiji to New Zealand, after
six or eight weeks in Fiji, in some vessel or other. There are about
4,000 or 5,000 white people in Fiji, mostly Church of England people,
but (as I suppose) not very clearly understanding what is really meant
by that designation. It is assumed that I am to act as their Bishop; and
I ought to have been there before. But really a competent man might work
these islands into a Bishopric before long.

'We must try to follow these islanders into Fiji or Queensland. But how
to do it? On a plantation of, say, one hundred labourers, you may find
natives of eight or ten islands. How can we supply teachers at the rate
of one for every fifteen or twenty people? And there are some 6,000 or
7,000 islanders already on the Fiji plantations, and I suppose as many
in Queensland.

'Some one knowing several languages, and continually itinerating from
one plantation to another, might do something; but I don't think a
native clergyman could do that. He must move about among white people
continually in the boats, &c. I ought to do it; but I think my day has
gone by for that kind of thing.

'I hope to judge of all this by-and-by. It might end in my dividing
my year into Melanesian work as of old, and Melanesian work in Fiji,
combined with the attempt to organise the white Church of England
community, and only a month or two's work in Norfolk Island. To do this
I must be in pretty good health. I may soon find out the limit of my
powers of work, and then confine myself to whatever I find I can do with
some degree of usefulness. We ought to make no attempt to proselytise
among the Fiji natives, who have been evangelised by the Wesleyans. But
there is work among our Western Pacific imported islanders and the white
people.

'Norfolk Island could be quite well managed without me. Mr. Codrington
could take that entirely into his own hands. I might spend a month or
two there, and confirm Melanesians and Norfolk Islanders, and quietly
fall into a less responsible position and be a moveable clergyman in
Fiji or anywhere else, as long as my strength lasts.

'Norfolk Island certainly was rather my resting-place. But I think I
am becoming more and more indifferent to that kind of thing. A tropical
climate suits me, and Fiji is healthy--no ague. Dysentery is the chief
trouble there. These are notions, flying thoughts, most likely never to
be fully realised. Indeed, who can say what may befall me?'

Never to be fully realised! No. He, who in broken health so freely and
simply sacrificed in will his cherished nook of rest on earth for a life
so trying and distasteful, was very near the 'Rest that remaineth for
the people of God.'

On June 26, the first public baptism in Mota took place, of one man, the
Bishop and Sarawia in surplices in front of their verandah, the people
standing round; but unfortunately it was a very wet day, and the rush of
rain drowned the voices, as the Bishop made his convert Wilgan renounce
individually and by name individual evil fashions of heathenism, just as
St. Boniface made the Germans forsake Thor and Odin by name. There were
twenty-five more nearly ready, and a coral-lime building was finished,
'like a cob wall, only white plaster instead of red mud,' says the
Devonshire man. It was the first Church of Mota, again reminding us of
the many 'white churches' of our ancestors; and on the 25th of June at
7 A.M., the first Holy Eucharist was celebrated there. It is also
the place of private prayer for the Christians and Catechumens of
Kohimarama.

The weather was exceedingly bad, drenching rain continually, yet the
Bishop continued unusually well. His heart might well be cheered, when,
on that Sunday evening in the dark, he was thus accosted:--

'I have for days been watching for a chance of speaking to you alone!
Always so many people about you. My heart is so full, so hot every word
goes into it, deep deep. The old life seems a dream. Everything seems to
be new. When a month ago I followed you out of the Said Goro, you said
that if I wanted to know the meaning and power of this teaching, I must
pray! And I tried to pray, and it becomes easier as every day I pray as
I go about, and in the morning and evening; and I don't know how to pray
as I ought, but my heart is light, and I know it's all true, and my mind
is made up, and I have been wanting to tell you, and so is Sogoivnowut,
and we four talk together, and all want to be baptized.'

This man had spent one season at St. John's, seven years before; but on
his return home had gone back to the ordinary island life, until at last
the good seed was beginning to take root.

The next Sunday, the 2nd of July, ninety-seven children were baptized,
at four villages, chosen as centres to which the adjacent ones could
bring their children. It was again a wet day, but the rain held up at
the first two places. The people stood or sat in a great half-circle,
from which the eldest children, four or five years old, walked out in a
most orderly manner, the lesser ones were carried up by their parents,
and out of the whole ninety-seven only four cried! The people all
behaved admirably, and made not a sound. At the last two places there
was a deluge of rain; but as sickness prevailed in them, it was not
thought well to defer the Baptism.

'It was a day full of thankful and anxious feelings. I was too tired,
and too much concerned with details of arrangements, new names, &c., to
feel the more contemplative devotional part of the whole day's services
till the evening. Then, for I could not sleep for some hours, it came on
me; and I thought of the old times too, the dear Bishop's early visits,
my own fourteen years' acquaintance with this place, the care taken
by many friends, past and present members of the Mission. The Sunday
Collects as we call them, St. Michael's, All Saints', Saint Simon and
St. Jude's calmed me, and my Sunday prayer, (that beautiful prayer in
the Ordination of Priests, 'Almighty God and Heavenly Father,' slightly
altered) was very full of meaning. So, thank God, one great step has
been taken, a great responsibility indeed, but I trust not rashly
undertaken.'

On July 4 the 'Southern Cross' returned, and the cruise among the New
Hebrides was commenced. Mr. Bice was left to make a fortnight's visit at
Leper's Island; and the Bishop, going on to Mai, found only three men on
the beach, where there used to be hundreds, and was advised not to go to
Tariko, as there had been fighting.

At Ambrym there was a schooner with Mr. Thurston on board, and
fifty-five natives for Fiji. On the north coast was the 'Isabella,'
with twenty-five for Queensland. The master gave Captain Jacob his
credentials to show to the Bishop, and said the Bishop might come on
board and talk to the people, so as to be convinced they came willingly,
but weighed anchor immediately after, and gave no opportunity; and one
man who stood on the rail calling out 'Pishopa, Pishopa,' was dragged
back.

Mr. Bice was picked up again on the 17th, having been unmolested during
his visit; but two of the 'Lepers,' who had been at Espiritu Santo, had
brought back a fearful story that a small two-masted vessel had there
been mastered by the natives, and the crew killed and eaten in revenge
for the slaughter of some men of their own by another ship's company
some time back.

On the voyage he wrote to the Bishop of Lichfield:--


'Off Tariko. Sloop: July 8, 1871.

'My dear Bishop,--Towards the end of April I left Norfolk Island, and
after a six days' passage reached Mota. I called at Ambrym (dropping
three boys) at three places; at Whitsuntide; at Leper's Island, dropping
seven boys; Aurora, two places; Santa Maria, where I left B----, and
so to Mota on the day before Ascension Day, and sent the vessel back at
once to Norfolk Island for the Solomon Island scholars. All our Aroa
and Matlavo party wished to spend Ascension Day with us; and after Holy
Communion they went across with Commodore William Pasvorang in a good
whale boat, which I brought down on the deck of the schooner, and which
Willy looks after at Aroa. We want it for keeping up a visitation of the
group.

'Bice, ordained Priest last Christmas, was with me. We found George and
all well, George very steady and much respected. Charles Woleg, Benjamin
Vassil and James Neropa, all going on well. The wives have done less
than I hoped; true, they all had children to look after, yet they might
have done more with the women. [Then as before about the movement.]

'After a week I went off in the boat, leaving Bice at Kohimarama,
the Mota station. I went to B---- first at the north-east part of the
island; back to Tarasagi (north-east point); sailed round to Lakona, our
old Cock Sparrow Point, where B---- and I selected one or two boys to
stay with him at Tarasagi. Thence we sailed to Avreas Bay, the great bay
of Vanua Lava, B---- going back to Tarasagi by land. Heavy sea and rain;
reached land in the dark 8 P.M., thankful to be safe on shore.

'On to Aroa, where I spent two days; Willie and Edwin doing what they
can. Twenty children at school; but the island is almost depopulated,
some seven hundred gone to Brisbane and Fiji. I did not go to
Uvaparapara; the weather was bad, I was not well, and I expected the
"Southern Cross" from Norfolk Island. Next day, after just a week's
trip in the boat, I got to Mota; and the next day the "Southern
Cross" arrived with Joe Atkin and Brooke and some twenty-four Solomon
Islanders, many of them pressing to stay at Norfolk Island, where about
eighty scholars in all are under the charge of Codrington, Palmer, and
Jackson.

'I sent Bice on in the "Southern Cross," as he ought to see something of
his brethren's work in the north and west. I had just a month at Mota,
very interesting.

'I hope to spend three weeks more at Mota, if this New Hebrides trip
is safely accomplished, and to baptize the rest of the children, and
probably some ten or fifteen adults. All seem thoroughly in earnest.
Some of the first scholars, who for years have seemed indifferent, are
now among my class of thirty-three adults. It would be too long a story
to tell you of their frequent private conversations, their stories,
their private prayers, their expressions of earnest thankfulness that
they are being led into the light.

'Some of the women, wives of the men, are hopeful. George's old mother
said to me, "My boys are gone; George, Woleg, Wogale--Lehna died a
Christian; Wowetaraka (the first-born) is going. I must follow. I listen
to it all, and believe it all. When you think fit, I must join you,"
i.e. be baptized.

'It is very comforting that all the old party from the beginning are
directly (of course indirectly also) connected with this movement.
Some of those most in earnest now came under the influence of the early
workers, Dudley, Mr. Pritt, &c.

'We need this comfort.

'From Mota some thirty or more have gone or been taken away, but the
other islands are almost depopulated. Mr. Thurston, late Acting Consul
in Fiji, was at Mota the other day seeking labourers. He says that about
3,000 natives from Tanna and Uvaparapara are now in Fiji, and Queensland
has almost as many.

'He admits that much kidnapping goes on. He, with all his advantages of
personal acquaintance with the people and with native interpreters
on board, could only get about thirty. Another, Captain Weston, a
respectable man who would not kidnap, cruised for some weeks, and left
for Fiji without a single native on board. How then do others obtain
seventy or one hundred more?

'But the majority of the Fiji settlers, I am assured, do not like these
kidnapping practices, and would prefer some honest way of obtaining men.
Indeed, many natives go voluntarily.

'In the Solomon Isles a steamer has been at Savo and other places,
trying to get men.

'Three or four of these vessels called at Mota while I was there. On one
day three were in sight. They told me they were shot at at Whitsuntide,
Sta. Maria, Vanua Lava, &c. And, indeed, I am obliged to be very
careful, more so than at any time; and here, in the North Hebrides, I
never know what may happen, though of course in many places they know
me.

'We are now at our maximum point of dispersion: Brooke at Anudha, J.
Atkin at or near San Cristoval, Gr. Sarawia at Mota, B---- at Santa
Maria, Bice at Leper's Island, Codrington at Norfolk Island, I on board
"Southern Cross."

'Leper's Island is very pleasant; I longed to stay there. All the people
wanting to come with us, and already discriminating between us and the
other white visitors, who seem to have had little or no success there.

'July 21st.--At anchor, Lakona, west side of Santa Maria. Pleasant to
be quietly at anchor on our old "shooting ground." We anchored for a day
and a night at Ambrym, near the east point, very safe and comfortable
place. Nine lads from five villages are on board. I bought about three
and a half tons of yams there. Anchored again at the end of Whitsuntide,
where I am thankful to say we have at last received two lads, one a
very pleasant-looking fellow. That sad year of the dysentery, 1862, when
Tanau died and Tarivai was so ill, two out of only three scholars from
the island, made them always unwilling to give up lads.

'Next day at Leper's Island. Anchored a night off Wehurigi, the east end
of the high land, the centre part of the island.

'Bice was quite feted by the people. We brought away three old and
twelve new scholars, refusing the unpromising old scholars. There is, I
hope, a sufficient opening now at Ambrym and Leper's Island to justify
my assigning these islands to Jackson and Bice respectively.

'Our plan now is to take very few people indeed from the Banks Islands
to Norfolk Island, as they have a permanent school and resident
clergyman at Mota. The lads who may turn out clever and competent
teachers are taken to Norfolk Island, none others.

'We must take our large parties from islands where there is as yet no
permanent teacher: Ambrym, Leper's Island, the Solomon Islands.

'Meanwhile the traders are infesting these islands, as Captain Jacobs
says, "like mosquitoes." Three vessels anchored at Mai during the day
I was there. Three different vessels were at Ambrym. To-day I saw four,
three anchored together near the north-east side of Santa Maria. B----
saw six yesterday.

'The people now refuse to go in them, they are much exasperated at their
people being kept away so long. Sad scenes are occurring. Several white
men have been killed, boats' crews cut off, vessels wrecked.

'We shall hear more of such doings; and really I can't blame the
islanders. They are perfectly friendly to friends; though there is much
suspicion shown even towards us, where we are not well known.

'As far as I can speak of my own plans, I hope to stay at Mota for a
time, till the "Southern Cross" returns from Norfolk Island; then go to
the Solomon Islands; return by way of Santa Cruz and probably Tikopia,
to Mota; thence to Norfolk Island; thence probably to New Zealand, to
take the steamer for Fiji. We have no chart on board of Fiji; and I
don't think it right to run the risk of getting somehow to Levuka with
only the general chart of the South Pacific, so I must go, as I think,
to New Zealand, and either take the steamer or procure charts, and
perhaps take Mr. Tilly as pilot. I don't like it; it will be very cold;
but then I shall (D.V.) see our dear Taurarua friends, the good Bishop
and others, and get advice about my Fiji movements. The Church of
England folk there regard me as their Bishop, I understand; and the
Bishops of Sydney and Melbourne assume this to be the fitting course. A
really able energetic man might do much there, and, in five years, would
be Bishop of Levuka.

'This is all of Melanesia and myself; but you will like to have this
scrawl read to you.

'How I think of you as I cruise about the old familiar places, and think
that you would like to have another trip, and see the old scenes with
here and there, thank God, some little changes for the better. Best
love, my dear dear Bishop, to Mrs. Selwyn, William and John.

'Your very affectionate

'J. C. PATTESON.'


About forty, old scholars and new, had been collected and brought back
to Mota; where, after landing the Bishop, Captain Jacobs sailed back
to Norfolk Island, carrying with him the last letters that were to be
received and read as from a living man. All that follow only came in
after the telegram which announced that the hand that had written them
was resting beneath the Pacific waters. But this was not until it had
been granted to him to gather in his harvest in Mota, as will be seen:--


'Mota: July 31, 1871.

'My dearest Sisters,--You will be glad to know that on my return hither
after three weeks' absence, I found no diminution of strong earnest
feeling among the people. George Sarawia had, indeed, been unable to do
very much in the way of teaching 60 or 90 men and women, but he had done
his best, and the 100 younger people were going on with their schooling
regularly. I at once told the people that those who wished to be
baptized must let me know; and out of some 30 or 40 who are all, I
think, in earnest, 15, and some few women are to be baptized next
Sunday. These will be the first grown-up people, save John Wilgan,
baptized in Mota, except a few when in an almost dying state. They think
and speak much of the fact that so many of their children have been
baptized, they wish to belong to the same set. But I believe them all
to be fairly well instructed in the great elementary truths. They can't
read; all the teaching is oral, no objection in my eyes. It may be
dangerous to admit it, but I am convinced that all that we can do is to
elevate some few of the most intelligent islanders well, so that they
can teach others, and be content with careful oral teaching for the
rest. How few persons even among ourselves know how to use a book! And
these poor fellows, for I can only except a percentage of our scholars,
have not so completely mastered the mechanical difficulty of reading as
to leave their minds free for examination of the meaning and sense of
what they read. I don't undervalue a good education, as you know. But
I feel that but few of these islanders can ever be book-learned; and
I would sooner see them content to be taught plain truths by qualified
persons than puzzling themselves to no purpose by the doubtful use of
their little learning. You know that I don't want to act the Romish
Priest amongst them. I don't want to domineer at all. And I do teach
reading and writing to all who come into our regular school, and I make
them read passages to verify my teaching. At the same time, I feel that
the Protestant complaint of "shutting up the Bible from the laity," is
the complaint of educated persons, able to read, think, and reflect.

'The main difficulty is, of course, to secure a supply of really
competent teachers. George, Edward, Henry, Robert, and some three or
four others are trustworthy. I comfort myself by thinking that a great
many of the mediaeval Clergy certainly did not know as much nor teach as
well.

'Yesterday I baptized 41 more children and infants on again an
unpropitious day. I was obliged to leave 42 to be baptized at some
future time. The rain poured down. The people will bring them over
to-morrow. The whole number of infants and children will amount to 230
or more, of adults to perhaps 25 or 30. You will pray earnestly for
them that they may lead the rest of their lives "according to this
beginning."

'There is much talk, something more than talk, I think, about putting up
a large church-house here, on this side of the island (north-west side)
and of a school-house, for church also, on the south-east side.

'We have all heavy coughs and colds; and I have had two or three very
disturbed nights, owing to the illness of one of the many babies. The
little thing howls all night.

'All our means of housing people are exhausted. People flock here for
the sake of being taught. Four new houses have been built, three are
being built. We shall have a large Christian village here soon, I hope
and trust. At present every place is crammed, and 25 or 30 sleep on the
verandah. The little cooking house holds somehow or other about 24 boys;
they pack close, not being burdened with clothes and four-posters. I
sleep on a table, people under and around it. I am very well, barring
this heavy cold and almost total loss of voice for a few hours in the
morning and evening.

'August 1st.--Very tired 7 A.M., Prayers 7.20-8.20, school 8.20-10;
baptized 55 infants and young children. Now it is past 1; a boisterous
day, though as yet no rain. I had a cup of cocoa at 6.30, and at 10.30
a plate of rice and a couple of eggs, nice clean fare. The weather is
against me, so cold, wet, and so boisterous. I got a good night though,
for I sent Mrs. Rhoda and her squalling baby to another house, and so
slept quietly.

'I am sorry that teaching is so irksome to me. I am, in a sense, at it
all day. But there is so much to be done, and the people, worthy souls,
have no idea that one can ever be tired. After I was laid down on my
table, with my air-pillow under my head and my plaid over me, I woke up
from a doze to find the worthy Tanoagnene sitting with his face towards
me, waiting for a talk about the rather comprehensive subject of
Baptism.

'And at all odd times I ought to be teaching George and others how to
teach, the hardest work of all. I think what a life a real pedagogue
must have of it. There is so much variety with me, so much change and
holiday, and so much that has its special interest.

'The "Southern Cross" has been gone a week. I hope they have not this
kind of weather. If they have, they are getting a good knocking about,
and they number about 55 on board.

'August 6th.--To-day there is no rain, for the first time for weeks. It
blew a heavy gale all night, and had done so with heavy rain for some
days before.

'At 8 A.M. to-day I baptized 14 grown men, one an old bald man, and
another with a son of sixteen or so, five women and six lads, taught
entirely in George's school. Afterwards, at a different service, 7
infants and little children were baptized. 238 + 5 who have died have
now been baptized since the beginning of July. To-day's service was very
comforting. I pray and trust that these grown-up men and women may be
kept steadfast to their profession. It is a great blessing that I could
think it right to take this step. You will, I know, pray for them; their
position is necessarily a difficult one.

'It is 2 P.M., and I feel tired: the crowds are gone, though little
fellows are as usual sitting all round one. I tell them I can't talk;
I must sit quietly, with Charlotte Yonge's "Pupils of St. John the
Divine." Dear me, what advantage young folks have nowadays, though
indeed the dangers of these times far outweigh those of our young days.

'I suppose Lightfoot's "Commentaries" hardly come in your way. They are
critical and learned on the Greek of St. Paul's Epistles. But there are
dissertations which may be read by the English reader. He seems to me to
be a very valuable man, well fitted by his learning, and moderation, and
impartiality, and uncontroversial temper to do much good. His sympathies
with the modern school of thought are, I fancy, beyond me.

'There is no doubt that Matthew Arnold says much that is true of the
narrowness, bigotry, and jealous un-Christian temper of Puritanism; and
I suppose no one doubts that they do misrepresent the true doctrine of
Christianity, both by their exclusive devotion to one side only of the
teaching of the Bible, and by their misconception of their own favourite
portions of Scripture. The doctrine of the Atonement was never in
ancient times, I believe, drawn out in the form in which Luther, Calvin,
Wesley, and others have lately stated it.

'The fact of the Atonement through the Death of Christ was always
clearly stated; the manner, the "why," the "how" man's Redemption and
Reconciliation to God is thus brought about, was not taught, if at all,
after the Protestant fashion.

'Oxenham's "History of the Catholic Doctrine of the Atonement" is a
fairly-written statement of what was formerly held and taught. Such
words as "substitution," "satisfaction," with all the ideas introduced
into the subject from the use of illustrations, e.g. of criminals
acquitted, debts discharged, have perplexed it perhaps, rather than
explained, what must be beyond explanation.

'The ultra-Calvinistic view becomes in the mind and language of the
hot-headed ignorant fanatic a denial of God's Unity. "The merciful Son
appeasing the wrath of the angry Father" is language which implies two
Wills, two Counsels in the Divine Mind (compare with this John iii. 16).

I suppose that an irreverent man, being partly disgusted with the
popular theology, having no scruples about putting aside Inspiration,
&c., and conceiving that he himself is an adequate representative of
the nineteenth century's intelligence, and that the nineteenth century's
intelligence is most profound and infallible, sets to work to demolish
what is distasteful to himself, and what the unerring criticism of the
day rejects, correcting St. Paul's mistakes, patronising him whenever he
is fortunate enough to receive the approbation of the great thinkers
of our day, and so constructs a vague "human" religion out of the
Christianity which he criticises, eliminating all that lies beyond
the speculative range of the mind, and that demands assent by its own
authority as God's Revelation. I don't know how to state briefly what I
mean.

'I think I can understand that this temper of mind is very prevalent in
England now, and that I can partly trace the growth of it. Moreover, I
feel that to ignore, despise, or denounce it, will do no good.

'As a matter of fact, thousands of educated men are thinking on these
great matters as our fathers did not think of them. Simplicity of
belief is a great gift; but then the teaching submitted to such simple
believers ought to be true, otherwise the simple belief leads them into
error. How much that common Protestant writers and preachers teach is
not true! Perhaps some of their teaching is untrue absolutely, but it is
certainly untrue relatively, because they do not hold the "proportion
of the faith," and by excluding some truths and presenting others in an
extravagant form they distort the whole body of truth.

'But when a man not only points out some of the popular errors,
but claims to correct St. Paul when he Judaizes, and to do a little
judicious Hellenizing for an inspired Apostle, one may well distrust the
nineteenth century tone and spirit.

'I do really and seriously think that a great and reverently-minded man,
conscious of the limits of human reason--a man like Butler--would find
his true and proper task now in presenting Christian teaching in an
unconventional form, stripped of much error that the terms which we all
employ when speaking doctrine seem unavoidably to carry with them.

'Such a man might ask, "What do you mean by your theory of Substitution,
Satisfaction, &c.?" "Where do you find it?" "Prove it logically from the
Bible." "Show that the early Church held it."

'Butler, as you know, reproved the curiosity of men who sought to find
out the manner of the Atonement. "I do not find," he says, "that it is
declared in the Scriptures." He believed the fact, of course, as his
very soul's treasure. "Our ignorance," he says, "is the proper answer to
such enquiries."

'At the same time, no one now can do, it seems, what another
Butler might do, viz., deal with the Bible as the best of the
nineteenth-century men wish to hear a divine deal with it. He would
never make mere assertions. He would never state as a proved truth, to
be presented to a congregation's acceptance, a statement or a doctrine
which really equalled only an opinion of Wesley or any other human
teacher. He would never make arbitrary quotations from Scripture, and
try to prove points by illogical reasoning, and unduly pressing
texts which a more careful collation of MSS. has shown to be at least
doubtful. And by fairness and learning he would win or conciliate
right-minded men of the critical school. What offends these men is the
cool reckless way in which so many preachers make the most audacious
statements, wholly unsupported by any sound learning and logical
reasoning. A man makes a statement, quotes a text or two, which he
doesn't even know to be capable of at least one interpretation different
from that which he gives to it; and so the critical hearer is disgusted,
and no wonder.

'One gain of this critical spirit is, that it makes all of us Clergy
more circumspect in what we say, and many a man looks at his Greek
Testament nowadays, and at a good Commentary too, before he ventures to
quote a text which formerly would have done duty in its English dress
and passed muster among an uncritical congregation. Nowadays every
clergyman knows that there are probably men in his congregation who
know their Bible better than he does, and as practical lawyers, men of
business, &c., are more than his match at an argument. It offends such
men to have a shallow-minded preacher taking for granted the very points
that he ought to prove, giving a sentence from some divine of his school
as if it settled the question without further reference even to the
Bible.

'This critical spirit becomes very easily captious; and a man needn't be
unbelieving because he doesn't like to be credulous. Campbell's book
on the Atonement is very hard, chiefly because the man writes such
unintelligible English. I think Shairp in his "Essays," gives a good
critique as far as it goes on the philosophical and religious manner of
our day.

'Alexander Knox says somewhere in his correspondence with Bishop Jebb
that he couldn't understand the Protestant theory of Justification. And
it does seem to be often stated as if the terms employed in describing a
mere transaction could adequately convey the true power and meaning of a
Divine mystery.

'But I only puzzle you, I dare say, and certainly I am liable to the
charge of not writing intelligible English. I can tell you I am glad
enough that I am not called on to preach on these subjects after the
fashion that a preacher in England must go to work.

'It is a cool thing to say, but I do believe that what half our
English congregations want is just the plain simple teaching that our
Melanesians get, only the English congregations wouldn't stand it.'


A letter to Arthur Coleridge is of the same date:--


'Mota Island: August 6, 1871--

'My dear Arthur,--I have had a busy day, having baptized thirty-two
persons, of whom twenty-five are adults; and then the crowd, the
incessant talking, teaching, and the anxious feeling which attend any
step of so much importance as the Baptism from heathenism. Fourteen
of the men are married, two are elderly, several are middle-aged,
five women are among the number. I believe that God's spirit is indeed
working in the hearts of these people. Some twelve or thirteen years
have passed, and only now have I felt that I could take the step of
baptizing the infants and young children here, the parents promising
that they shall be sent to school as they grow up. About 200 young
children have during the past month been baptized: things seem hopeful.
It is very happy work; and I get on pretty well, often very tired, but
that doesn't matter.

'I could wish all my good friends were here, that those who have been
enabled to contribute to this end might see for themselves something
of the long hoped for beginning of a new state of things in this little
island.

'August 11.--In a little more than a month 248 persons have been
baptized here, twenty-five of them adults, the rest infants and young
children. I am very sorry to think that I must leave them soon, for I
expect the "Southern Cross" in a few days; and I must go to the Solomon
Islands, from them to Santa Cruz Island, and so to Norfolk Island,
calling here on the way. Then I am off to the Fiji Islands for, I
suppose, a month or six weeks. There are some 6,000 or 7,000 white
people there, and it is assumed by them and the Church people in this
part of the world that I must be regarded as their Bishop. Very soon a
separate Bishop ought to be at work there, and I shall probably have to
make some arrangement with the settlers. Then, on the other hand, I want
to look into the question of South Sea Islanders who are taken to the
Fiji plantations.

'How far I can really examine into the matter, I hardly know. But many
of the settlers invite me to consider the matter with them.

'I believe that for the most part the islanders receive good treatment
when on the plantations, but I know that many of them are taken away
from their islands by unfair means.

'The settlers are only indirectly responsible for this. The traders and
sailing masters of the vessels who take away the islanders are the most
culpable. But the demand creates the supply.

'Among all my multifarious occupations here, I have not much time for
reading; I am never alone night or day. I sleep on a table, with some
twelve or more fellows around me; and all day long people are about me,
in and out of school hours. But I have read, for the third time I think,
Lightfoot's "Galatians"--and I am looking forward to receiving his book
on the Ephesians. He doesn't lay himself out to do exactly the work
that Bishop Ellicott has done so excellently, and his dissertations are
perhaps the most valuable part of his work. He will gain the ear of the
men of this generation, rather than Ellicott; he sympathises more with
modern modes of thought, and is less rigid than Ellicott. But he seems
very firm on all the most essential and primary points, and I am indeed
thankful for such a man. I don't find much time for difficult reading;
I go on quietly, Hebrew, &c. I have many good books on both Old and New
Testaments, English and German, and some French, e.g. Keuss and Guizot.

'I like to hear something of what this restless speculative scientific
generation is thinking and doing. But I can't read with much pleasure
the fragmentary review literature of the day. The "Cornhill" and that
class of books I can't stand, and sketchy writings. The best specimens
of light reading I have seen of late are Charlotte Yonge's "Pupils of
St. John the Divine," and Guizot's "St. Louis," excellent.

'I did read, for it was put on board, Disraeli's novel. I was on my back
sea-sick for four days; what utter rubbish! clever nonsense! And I have
read Mr. Arnold's "St. Paul and Protestantism." He says some clever
things about the Puritan mind, no doubt. But what a painful book it is:
can't he see that he is reducing all that the spirit of a man must needs
rest on to the level of human criticism? simply eliminating from the
writings of the Apostles, and I suppose from the words of the Saviour,
all that is properly and strictly Divine.--[Then follows much that has
been before given.]--How [winding up thus] thankful I am that I am far
away from the noise and worry of this sceptical yet earnest age!

'There is something hazy about your friend Davis's writings. I know some
of his publications, and sympathise to a very considerable extent with
him. But I can't be sure that I always understand him: that school has a
language of its own, and I am not so far initiated as to follow.

'I can't understand Maurice, much as I respect him. It is simply wasting
my time and my brains to attempt to read him; he has great thoughts,
and he makes them intelligible to people less stupid than me, and many
writers whom I like and understand have taken their ideas from him; but
I cannot understand him. And I think many of his men have his faults. At
least I am so conceited as to think it is not all my fault.

'Do you know two little books by Norris, Canon of Bristol, "Key to the
Gospel History," and a Manual on the Catechism?

'They are well worth reading, indeed I should almost say studying, so as
to mould the teaching of your young ones upon them.

'How you would be amused could you see the figures and scenes which
surround me here! To-day about 140 men, women, lads and girls are
working voluntarily here, clearing and fencing the gardens, and digging
the holes for the yams, and they do this to help us in the school; we
have two pigs killed, and give them a bit of a feast. The feeling is
very friendly. A sculptor might study them to great advantage, though
clothing is becoming common here now. Our thirty-four baptized adults
and our sixteen or twenty old scholars wear decent clothing, of course.

'Well, I must leave off.

'I think very often of you, your wife and children, and, indeed, of you
all. It would be very nice to spend a few weeks with you, but I should
not get on well in your climate.

'The heat seems to suit me better, and I am pretty well here. Indeed I
am better than I have been for more than a year, though I have a good
deal of discomfort.

'Good-bye, dear Arthur. How often I think of your dear dear Father.

'Your affectionate Cousin,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


To the sisters, the journal continues--recording, on August 14, the
Baptism of twelve men and women the day before, the Communion of
sixteen at 7 A.M., the presence of fifty-six baptized persons at morning
service. More than 100 were working away the ensuing day in preparing
yam gardens for Kohimarama, while two pigs were stewing in native ovens
to feast them afterwards; and the Bishop was planting cocoa-nut trees
and sowing flower seeds, or trying experiments with a machine for
condensing water, in his moments of relaxation, which were few, though
he was fairly well, and very happy, as no one can doubt on reading
this:--

'Lots of jolly little children, and many of them know me quite well and
are not a bit shy. They are often very sad-looking objects, and as they
don't get regularly washed, they often have large sores and abscesses,
poor little things. But there are many others--clean-skinned, reddish
brown, black-eyed, merry little souls among them. The colour of the
people is just what Titian and the Venetian painters delighted in, the
colour of their own weather-beaten Venetian boatmen, glowing warm rich
colour. White folks look as if they were bleached and had all the colour
washed out of them.

'Some of the Solomon Islanders are black, and some of the New Hebrides
people glossy and smooth and strong-looking; but here you seldom see any
very dark people, and there are some who have the yellow, almost olive
complexion of the South European. Many of the women are tattooed from
head to foot, a regular network of a bluish inlaid pattern. It is not
so common with the men, rather I ought to say very unusual with them,
though many have their bodies marked pretty freely.'

On the 17th sixteen more adults were baptized, elderly men, whose sons
had been baptized in New Zealand coming in, and enemies resigning deadly
feuds.

The work in Mota is best summed up in this last letter to Bishop
Abraham, begun the day after what proved the final farewell to the flock
there, for the 'Southern Cross' came in on the 19th, and the last voyage
was at once commenced:--


"'Southern Cross": Sunday, August 20, 1871.

'My dear dear Friends,--Yesterday the "Southern Cross" came to me at
Mota, twenty-seven days after leaving that island for Norfolk Island
with some fifty Melanesians on board under charge of Bice.

'Into what a new world your many kind affectionate letters take me!
And how good it must be for me to be taught to think more than I, alas!
usually do, about the trials and sorrows of others.

'I have had such a seven weeks at Mota, broken by a three weeks' course
in the New Hebrides, into two portions of three and four weeks.

'Last year we said in our Report, that the time seemed to be come when
we should seek to move the people in Mota to do more than assent to the
truth of our words and the blessings promised in the Gospel, when
we should urge them to appropriate to themselves those blessings, by
abandoning their ignorant heathen ways, and embracing Christianity.

'That time has come in the good Providence of God, in answer to His
all-prevailing Intercession, and hastened (who can doubt it?) by the
prayers of the faithful everywhere--your Whit-Sunday thoughts and
prayers, your daily thoughts and prayers, all contributing to bring
about a blessed change indeed in the little island.

'In these two months I have baptized 289 persons in Mota, 231 children
and infants, seventeen of the lads and boys at Kohimarama, George
Sarawia's school, and forty-one grown and almost all married men and
women.

'I have tried to proceed cautiously and to act only when I had every
human probability of a personal conviction and sincere desire to embrace
Christian teaching and to lead a Christian life. I think the adult
candidates were all competently instructed in the great truths.

'I feel satisfied of their earnestness, and I think it looks like a
stable, permanent work. Yet I need not tell you how my old text is ever
in my mind, "Thine heart shall fear, and be enlarged." Now more than
ever are your prayers needed for dear old George Sarawia and his infant
Church.

'I never had such an experience before. It is something quite new to me.
Classes regularly, morning and evening, and all day parties coming to
talk and ask questions, some bringing a wife or child, some a brother,
some a friend. We were 150 sleeping on the Mission premises, houses
being put up all round by people coming from a distance.

'Scarce a moment's rest, but the work so interesting and absorbing, that
I could scarcely feel weariness. The weather for six out of the seven
weeks was very rainy and bad generally; but I am and was well, very
well--not very strong, yet walking to Gatava and back, five or six
miles, on slippery and wet paths, and schooling and talking all day.

'The actual services were somewhat striking. The behaviour of the people
reverent and quiet during the infants' and children's baptisms; and
remarkably so during the baptisms of adults.

'You can understand the drift of my teaching: trying to keep to the
great main truths, so as not to perplex their minds with a multiplicity
of new thoughts.

'I think that I shall have to stay a few days at Mota on my return
(D.V.) from Solomon and Santa Cruz Islands, as there are still many
Catechumens.

'I am half disposed to ordain George Priest on my return (D.V.) Yet on
the whole I think it may be better to wait till another year. But I am
balancing considerations. Should any delay occur from my incapacity to
go to Mota, which I don't at all anticipate, it would be a serious thing
to leave such a work in the hands of a Deacon, e.g. ten communicants are
permanent dwellers now in Mota; and I really believe that George, though
not learned, is in all essentials quite a fit person to be ordained
Priest. This growth of the work, owing, no doubt, much to him, is a
proof of God's blessing on him.

'I pray God that this may be a little gleam of light to cheer you, dear
friends, on your far more toilsome and darksome path. It is a little
indeed in one sense; yet to me, who know the insufficiency of the
human agency, it is a proof indeed that the Gospel is dunamis Theou eis
soterian.

'I can hardly realize it all yet. It is good to be called away from it
for a month or two. I often wished that Codrington, Palmer, and the rest
could be with me: it seemed selfish to be witnessing by myself all this
great happiness--that almost visible victory over powers of darkness.

'There is little excitement, no impulsive vehement outpouring of
feeling. People come and say, "I do see the evil of the old life; I
do believe in what you teach us. I feel in my heart new desires, new
wishes, new hopes. The old life has become hateful to me; the new life
is full of joy. But it is so mawa (weighty), I am afraid. What if after
making these promises I go back?"

"What do you doubt--God's power and love, or your own weakness?"

'"I don't doubt His power and love; but I am afraid."

'"Afraid of what?" '"Of falling away."

'"Doesn't He promise His help to those who need it?"

'"Yes, I know that." '"Do you pray?"

'"I don't know how to pray properly, but I and my wife say--God, make
our hearts light. Take away the darkness. We believe that you love us
because you sent JESUS to become a Man and die for us, but we can't
understand it all. Make us fit to be baptized."

'"If you really long to lead a new life, and pray to God to strengthen
you, come in faith, without doubting."

'Evening by evening my school with the baptized men and women is the
saying by heart (at first sentence by sentence after me, now they know
them well) the General Confession, which they are taught to use in the
singular number, as a private prayer, the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, the
ten Commandments (a short version). They are learning the Te Deum. They
use a short prayer for grace to keep their baptismal vows.

'I think that they know fairly well the simpler meaning of these various
compendiums of Prayer, Faith and Duty. But why enter into details? You
know all about it. And, indeed, you have all had your large share, so to
say, in bringing about this happy change.

'And then I turn from all this little secluded work to the thoughts of
England and France, the Church at home, &c....

'I have now read the "Guardian's" account of the civil war in France.
There is nothing like it to be read of, except in the Old Testament
perhaps. It is like the taking of Jerusalem.

'It is an awful thing! most awful! I never read anything like it. Will
they ever learn to be humble? I don't suppose that even now they admit
their sins to have brought this chastening on them. It is hard to say
this without indulging a Pharisaic spirit, but I don't mean to palliate
our national sins by exaggerating theirs. Yet I hardly think any mob but
a French or Irish mob could have done what these men did.

'And what will be the result? Will it check the tendency to
Republicanism? Will Governments unite to put down the many-headed
monster? Will they take a lesson from the fate of Paris and France? Of
course Republicanism is not the same thing as Communism. But where are
we to look for the good effects of Republicanism?

'August 22nd.--The seventh anniversary of dear Fisher's death. May God
grant us this year a blessing at Santa Cruz!

'Your affectionate

'J. C. PATTESON.'


The last letter to the beloved sister Fanny opened with the date of her
never-forgotten birthday, the 27th of August, though it was carried
on during the following weeks; and in the meantime Mr. Atkin, Stephen,
Joseph and the rest were called for from Wango, in Bauro, where they had
had a fairly peaceable stay, in spite of a visit from a labour traffic
vessel, called the 'Emma Bell,' with twenty-nine natives under hatches,
and, alas! on her way for more. After picking the Bauro party up, the
Bishop wrote to the elder Mr. Atkin:--


'Wango Bay (at anchor): August 25, 1871.

'My dear Mr. Atkin,--You may imagine my joy at finding Joe looking
really well when we reached this part of the world on the 23rd. I
thought him looking unwell when he spent an hour or two with me at Mota,
about ten weeks since, and I begged him to be careful, to use quinine
freely, &c. He is certainly looking now far better than he was then, and
he says that he feels quite well and strong. There is the more reason to
be thankful for this, because the weather has been very rough, and
rain has been falling continually. I had the same weather in the Banks
Islands; scarcely a day for weeks without heavy rain. Here the sandy
soil soon becomes dry again, it does not retain the moisture, and so far
it has the advantage over the very tenacious clayey soil of Mota.

'Nearly all the time of the people here has been spent--wasted, perhaps,
we should say--in making preparations for a great feast: so that Joe
found it very hard to gain the attention of the people, when he tried
to point out to them better things to think of than pigs, native money,
tobacco and pipes. Such advance as has been made is rather in the
direction of gaining the confidence and good-will of the people all
about, and in becoming very popular among all the young folks. Nearly
all the young people would come away with him, if the elders would allow
them to do so. I have no doubt that much more has been really effected
than is apparent to us now. Words have been said that have not been
lost, and seed sown that will spring up some day. Just as at Mota, now,
after some twelve or thirteen years, we first see the result in the
movement now going on there, so it will be, by God's goodness, some day
here. There at Mota the good example of George Sarawia, the collective
result of the teaching of many years, and the steady conduct, with one
exception, of the returned scholars, have now been blessed by God to
the conversion of many of the people. We no longer hesitate to baptize
infants and young children, for the parents engage to send them to
school when they grow up, and are themselves receiving instruction in a
really earnest spirit.

'Many, too, of those who have for some time abandoned the old ways, but
yet did not distinctly accept the new teaching, have now felt the "power
of the Gospel;" and though many candidates are still under probation,
and I sought to act with caution, and to do all that lay in my power
to make them perceive the exceeding solemnity of being baptized, the
weighty promises, the great responsibility, yet I thought it right to
baptize not less than forty-one grown men and women, besides seventeen
lads of George's school, about whom there could be no hesitation. It
has, indeed, been a very remarkable season there. I spent seven weeks
broken by a New Hebrides trip of three weeks' duration into two periods
of three and four weeks. Bice was with me for the first three weeks;
and with a good many of our scholars turned into teachers here, we three
(Bice, George, and I) kept up very vigorous school: a continual talking,
questioning, &c., about religion, were always going on day and night.
Many young children and infants were baptized, about 240 in all + 41 +
17.

'You will, I am sure, pray more than ever for George and all these
converts to Christianity, that they may be strengthened and guarded
against all evil, and live lives worthy of their profession. We hope to
spend two or three days there on our return (D.V.); and if so, Joe will
write you his impressions. Meanwhile, I tell him what I fully believe,
that no one hearty effort of his to benefit these poor people is thrown
away. Already they allow us to take boys, and perhaps this very day we
may go off with two young girls also. And all this will result in some
great change for the better some day.

'You will want to hear a word about myself. I am much better, partly I
confess owing to the warmth of the climate, which certainly agrees with
me. I may feel less well as we draw by-and-by to the south once more.

'I can't take strong exercise, and that is a privation. It did me good,
and I feel the want of it; but I am much better than I was a year or ten
months ago, and I do my work very fairly, and get about better than I
expected. Remember me kindly to Mrs. Atkin and Mary, and believe me to
be

'Your very sincere Friend,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


Mr. Brooke and Edward Wogale had had a far more trying sojourn at
Florida.

'Wogale suffered much from his eyes; and the labour ships were
frequently on the coast--all the three varieties: the fairly conducted
one with a Government agent on board; the "Snatch-snatch," which only
inveigled, but did not kill without necessity; and the "Kill-kill,"
which absolutely came head-hunting. It was a dreary eleven weeks.

'On July 11, a "Sydney vessel," as the natives called it, was on the
west of the island, and nine natives were reported to Mr Brooke as
having been killed, and with so much evidence that he had no doubt on
the subject.

'On the 13th Takua came to him to say the "Kill-kill" vessel had
anchored four miles off. What was he to do?

'"How was it you and Bisope came first, and then these slaughterers? Do
you send them?"

'Mr. Brooke advised them to remain on shore; but if the strangers landed
and wanted to kill or burn them, to fight for their lives. "Your words
are the words of a chief," said Takua.

'This ship, however, sailed away; but on August 13 another came, much
like the "Southern Cross," and canoes went out to her, in one of them
Dudley Lankona. These returned safely, but without selling their fruit;
and Dudley related that the men said, "Bishop and Brooke were bad, but
they themselves were good, and had pipes and tobacco for those who would
go with them."

'These, however, went away without doing them harm, only warning them
that another vessel which was becalmed near at hand was a "killer," and
the people were so uneasy about her that Mr. Brooke went on board,
and was taken by the captain for a maker of cocoa-nut oil. He was
a Scotchman, from Tanna, where he had settled, and was in search of
labourers; a good-natured friendly kind of person on the whole, though
regarding natives as creatures for capture.

'"If I get a chance to carry a lot of them off," he said, "I'll do it;
but killing is not my creed."

'Mr. Brooke hinted that the natives might attack him, and he pointed to
six muskets. "That's only a few of them. Let them come. We'll give it
them pretty strong."

'He was rather taken aback when he found that he was talking to a
clergyman. "Well, wherever you go nowadays there's missionaries. Who
would have thought you'd got so far down?"

'And he looked with regret at Mr. Brooke's party of natives in their
canoes, and observed, "Ah! my fine fellows, if your friend was not here
I'd have the whole lot of you: what a haul!"

'He said the other ship was from Queensland, and had a Government agent
on board, of whom he spoke with evident awe.

'On Mr. Brooke's return, Takua and Dikea were furbishing up old guns
which some incautious person on board the "Curacoa" had given them,
and they were disappointed to find that there could be no attack on the
vessel.'

She, however, was scarcely gone before, at the other end of the island,
Vara, four out of five men were killed by a boat's crew. The survivor,
Sorova, told Mr. Brooke that he and one companion had gone out in one
canoe, and three more in another, to a vessel that lay near the shore.
He saw four blacks in her, as he thought Ysabel men. A white man came
down from the boat, and sat in the bow of Sorova's canoe, but presently
stood up and capsized both canoes, catching at Sorova's belt, which
broke, and the poor fellow was thus enabled to get away, and shelter
himself under the stern of the canoe, till he could strike out for land;
but he saw a boat come round from the other side of the ship, with four
men--whether whites or light-coloured islanders was not clear--but they
proceeded to beat his companions with oars, then to fall on them with
tomahawks, and finally cut off their heads, which were taken on board,
and their bodies thrown to the sharks.

These men evidently belonged to that lowest and most horrible class
of men-stealers, who propitiate the chiefs by assisting them in
head-hunting.

Of course the island was full of rage, and on the 26th again another
brig was in sight. Spite of warning, desire to trade induced five men to
put off in a canoe. Two boats came down, and placed themselves on either
side. Mr. Brooke could not watch, but a fierce shout arose from the
crowd on shore, they rushed to the great canoe house, and a war fleet
was launched, Dikea standing up in the foremost, with a long ebony spear
in his hand. Fortunately they were too late: the boats were hauled up,
and the brig went off at full sail. Whether the five were killed or
carried captive is not clear.

The whole place was full of wailing. Revenge was all the cry. 'Let not
their pigs be killed,' said Takua; 'we will give them to Bisope, he
shall avenge us.' His brother Dikea broke out: 'My humour is bad because
Bisope does not take us about in his vessel to kill-kill these people!'

When, two days later, the 'Southern Cross' was unmistakeably in sight,
Takua said, 'Let Bisope only bring a man-of-war, and get me vengeance
on my adversaries, and I shall be exalted like--like--like our Father
above!'

The residence of Mr. Brooke in the island, and the testimony of their
own countrymen to the way of life in Norfolk Island, had taught the
Floridians to separate the Bishop from their foes; but it could scarcely
be thus in places where confidence in him had not been established.

The Bishop meanwhile wrote on:--

'The New Zealand Bishops have sent me a kind letter, a round robin,
urging me to go to England; but they are ignorant of two things:-- 1st,
that I am already much better; 2nd, that I should not derive the benefit
generally to my spirits, &c. from a visit to England as they would, and
take it for granted that I should do so.

'They use only one other argument, viz., that I must rest after some
years' work. That is not so. I don't feel the pressure of work for a
very simple reason, viz., that I don't attempt to work as I used to do.

'But just now, it is quite clear that I must not go, unless there were a
very obvious necessity for it. For, 1st, Mota needs all the help we can
give; 2nd, several Melanesians are coming on rapidly to the state
when they ought to be ordained; 3rd, we are about to start (D.V.) new
stations at Ambrym, Leper's Island, and Savo; 4th, the school is so
large that we want "all hands" to work it; 5th, I must go to Fiji, and
watch both Fiji and Queensland; 6th, after the 1872 voyage, we shall
need, as I think, to sell this vessel, and have another new one built
in Auckland. The funds will need careful nursing for this. But I will
really not be foolish. If I have a return of the bad symptoms, I will go
to Dr. Goldsboro', and if he advises it strongly, will go to England.

'The deportation of natives is going on to a very great extent here, as
in the New Hebrides and Banks Islands. Means of all kinds are employed:
sinking canoes and capturing the natives, enticing men on board, and
getting them below, and then securing hatches and imprisoning them.
Natives are retaliating. Lately, two or three vessels have been taken
and all hands killed, besides boats' crews shot at continually. A man
called on me at Mota the other day, who said that five out of seven in
the boat were struck by arrows a few days before. The arrows were
not poisoned, but one man was very ill. It makes even our work rather
hazardous, except where we are thoroughly well known. I hear that a
vessel has gone to Santa Cruz, and I must be very cautious there, for
there has been some disturbance almost to a certainty.

'Whatever regulations the Government of Queensland or the Consul of Fiji
may make, they can't restrain the traders from employing unlawful
means to get hold of the natives. And I know that many of these men
are utterly unscrupulous. But I can't get proofs that are sufficient to
obtain a verdict in a court of law.

'Some islands are almost depopulated; and I dread the return of these
"labourers," when they are brought back. They bring guns and other
things, which enable them to carry out with impunity all kinds of
rascality. They learn nothing that can influence them for good. They are
like squatters in the bush, coming into the town to have their fling.
These poor fellows come back to run riot, steal men's wives, shoot,
fight, and use their newly acquired possessions to carry out more
vigorously all heathen practices.

'September 3rd.--At anchor: Savo Island: Sunday. The experiment of
anchoring at Sara (Florida) and this place answers well. The decks
were crowded and crammed; but the people behaved very well, barring the
picking up of everything they could lay hands upon, as is natural to
many persons whose education has been neglected.

'Yesterday I took Wadrokala (of Nengone) to the village here, where he
is to live with some of our old scholars from these parts, and try to
begin a good work among the people. He has four baptized friends, a
married couple being two, and three other very good lads, to start with.
It was a long and very hot walk. A year ago I could not have got through
it. I was tired, but not over-tired.

'And now we have had Holy Communion; and this afternoon we take our
party on shore: Wadrokala's wife Carry, and Jemima, their daughter of
eight or nine. There is no fighting or quarrelling here now. I know all
the people, so I leave them with good hope.'


On the 7th, Joseph Atkin began a letter as follows:--


'Our Bishop is much improved in health and strength. His stay at Mota
has put new life into him again; the whole island is becoming Christian.

'The Bishop is now very strong and clear about establishing permanent
schools on the islands; I fear in almost too great a hurry. The great
requisite for a school is a native teacher; and generally, if not
always, a teacher ought, as George was at Mota, to be well supported by
a little band of native converts, who, if their teaching, in the common
use of the word, is not much, can, by their consistent lives, preach a
continual sermon, that all who see may understand. What is the use of
preaching an eloquent sermon on truth to a people who do not know what
it means, or purity of which they have never dreamt? Their ears take
in the words, they sound very pleasant, and they go away again to their
sin; and the preacher is surprised that they can do so. I do not forget
the power of the Spirit to change men's hearts, but do not expect the
Holy Spirit to work with you as He never worked with anyone else, but
rather as He always has worked with others.... If in looking into the
history of Missions, you find no heathen people has been even nominally
and professionally Christianised within, say, ten or fifteen years, why
not be content to set to work to try that the conversion of those to
whom you are sent may be as thorough and real as possible in that time,
and not to fret at being unable to hurry the work some years?'....


This letter too was destined never to be finished, though it was
continued later, as will be seen.


The Bishop's next letter is dated--

'September 16th.--Off the Santa Cruz group, some twenty miles distant.
To-morrow, being Sunday, we stay quietly some way off the islands;
and on Monday (D.V.) we go to Nukapu, and perhaps to Piteni too, wind
permitting. You can enter into my thoughts, how I pray God that if it be
His will, and if it be the appointed time, He may enable us in His
own way to begin some little work among these very wild but vigorous
energetic islanders. I am fully alive to the probability that some
outrage has been committed here by one or more vessels. The master of
the vessel that Atkin saw did not deny his intention of taking away from
these or from any other islands any men or boys he could induce to come
on board. I am quite aware that we may be exposed to considerable risk
on this account. I trust that all may be well; that if it be His will
that any trouble should come upon us, dear Joseph Atkin, his father and
mother's only son, may be spared. But I don't think there is very much
cause for fear; first, because at these small reef islands they know me
pretty well, though they don't understand as yet our object in coming
to them, and they may very easily connect us white people with the other
white people who have been ill-using them; second, last year I was on
shore at Nukapu and Piteni for some time, and I can talk somewhat with
the people; third, I think that if any violence has been used to the
natives of the north face of the large island, Santa Cruz, I shall hear
of it from these inhabitants of the small islets to the north, Nukapu,
and Piteni, and so be forewarned.

'If any violence has been used, it will make it impossible for us to go
thither now. It would simply be provoking retaliation. One must say,
as Newman of the New Dogma, that the progress of truth and religion
is delayed, no one can say how long. It is very sad. But the Evil One
everywhere and always stirs up opposition and hindrance to every attempt
to do good. And we are not so sorely tried in this way as many others.'

Contrary winds--or rather a calm, with such light wind as there was,
contrary--kept the vessel from approaching the island for four days
more, while the volcano made every night brilliant, and the untiring pen
ran on with affectionate responses to all that the last home packet had
contained, and then proceeded to public interests:--

'Then the great matters you write about--the great social and religious
crisis in England now. Moreover, who can estimate the effect of this
German and French war upon the social state of Europe? Possibly a
temporary violent suppression in North Germany of Republican principles,
a reaction, an attempt to use the neutrality of England as a focus for
political agitation. And then the extravagant luxury side by side with
degrading poverty! It is a sad picture; and you who have to contemplate
it have many trials and troubles that are in one sense far away from me.

'September 19th.--Here we are becalmed; for three days we have scarcely
made ten miles in the direction we want to go. It is not prudent to go
near the large island, unless we have a good breeze, and can get away
from the fleets of canoes if we see reason for so doing. We may have one
hundred and fifty canoes around us, and perhaps sixty or eighty strong
men on deck, as we had last year; and this year we have good reason
for fearing that labour vessels have been here. Many of the people here
would distinguish between us and them; but it is quite uncertain, for
we can't talk to the people of the large island, and can't therefore
explain our object in so doing. 'Yesterday, being becalmed, a large
canoe, passing (for there was occasionally a light air from the north)
from Nupani to Santa Cruz, came near us. It could not get away, and the
"Southern Cross" could not get near it. So we went to it in the boat. I
can talk to these Nupani people, and we had a pleasant visit. They knew
my name directly, and were quite at ease the moment they were satisfied
it was the Bishop. They will advertise us, I dare say, and say a good
word for us, and we gave them presents, &c.

'I shall be thankful if this visit ends favourably, and oh! how thankful
if we obtain any lads. It seems so sad to leave this fine people year
after year in ignorance and darkness, but He knows and cares for them
more than we do. 'The sun is nearly vertical; thermometer 91°, and 88°
at night; I am lazy, but not otherwise affected by it, and spend my day
having some, about an hour's, school, and in writing and reading.

'I think that the Education question has been more satisfactorily
settled than I dared to hope a year ago. A religious, as opposed to
an irreligious education has been advisedly chosen by the country, and
denominationalism (what a word!) as against secularism. Well, that's
not much from a Christian country; but it isn't the choice of an
anti-Christian, or even of a country indifferent to Christianity.

'Mrs. Abraham and Pena have sent me Shairp's little book on "Religion
and Culture." It is capital; and if you knew the man you would not
wonder at his writing such sensible, thoughtful books. He is one of the
most "loveable" beings I ever knew. His good wholesome teaching is about
the best antidote I have seen to much of the poison circulating about in
magazines and alluring ignorant, unsound people with the specious name
of philosophy. And he is always fair, and credits his opponents with all
that can possibly be imagined to extenuate the injury they are doing by
their false and faithless teaching.'


Here the letter suddenly ceases. No doubt this last sentence had given
the last impulse towards addressing the old Balliol friend above named,
now Principal of St. Andrew's, in the following:--


'"Southern Cross" Mission Schooner,

'In the Santa Cruz Group, S.W. Pacific: September 19.

'My dear Principal,--You won't remember my name, and it is not likely
that you can know anything about me, but I must write you a line and
thank you for writing your two books (for I have but two) on "Studies on
Poetry and Philosophy," and "Religion and Culture."

'The "Moral Dynamic" and the latter book are indeed the very books
I have longed to see; books that one can put with confidence and
satisfaction into the hands of men, young and old, in these stirring and
dangerous times.

'Then it did me good to be recalled to old scenes and to dream of old
faces.

'I was almost a freshman when you came up to keep your M.A. term; and as
I knew some of the men you knew, you kindly, as I well remember, gave
me the benefit of it. As John Coleridge's cousin and the acquaintance
of John Keate, Cumin, Palmer, and dear James Eiddell, I came to know men
whom otherwise I could not have known, and of these how many there still
are that I have thought of and cared for ever since!

'You must have thought of Riddell, dear James Riddell, when you wrote
the words in p. 76 of your book on "Religion and Culture": "We have
known such." Yes, there was indeed about him a beauty of character that
is very very rare. Sellar is in the north somewhere, I think I have seen
Essays by him on Lucretius.

'I think that he is Professor at some University. I am ashamed to know
so little about him. Should you see him, pray remember me most kindly
to him. As year after year passes on, it is very pleasant to think there
are men on the other side of the world that I can with a certainty count
upon as friends.

'I find it difficult to read much of what is worth reading nowadays, and
I have little taste for magazines, &c., I confess.

'But I know enough of what is working in men's minds in Europe to be
heartily thankful for such thoughtful wholesome teaching as yours.

'Indeed, you are doing a good work, and I pray God it may be abundantly
blessed.

'I remain, my dear Friend,

'Very sincerely yours,

'J. C. PATTESON.'


This is the last letter apparently finished and signed!

To the Bishop of Lichfield the long journal-letter says:--


'Tenakulu (the volcano) was fine last night, but not so fine as on that
night we saw it together. But it was very solemn to look at it, and
think how puny all man's works are in comparison with this little
volcano. What is all the bombardment of Paris to those masses of fire
and hundreds of tons of rock cast out into the sea? "If He do but touch
the hills, they shall smoke."

'And now what will the next few days bring forth? It may be God's will
that the opening for the Gospel may be given to us now. Sometimes I feel
as if I were almost too importunate in my longings for some beginning
here; and I try not to be impatient, and to wait His good time, knowing
that it will come when it is the fulness of time. Then, again, I am
tempted to think, "If not soon, if not now, the trading vessels will
make it almost impossible, as men think, to obtain any opening here."
But I am on the whole hopeful, though sometimes faint-hearted.

'To day's First Lesson has a good verse: Haggai, ii. 4;l and there is
Psalm xci. also.'

Then follows a good deal about further plans, and need of men; ending
with the decision that the present 'Southern Cross' ought to be sold,
and that a new one could be built at Auckland for £2,000, which the
Bishop thought he could obtain in New Zealand and Australia.

'Yet now be strong, O Zerubbabel, saith the Lord; and be strong, O
Joshua, son of Josedech, the high priest; and be strong, all ye people
of the land, saith the Lord, and work: for I am with you, saith the Lord
of hosts.'

A much smaller additional vessel would be useful; and he merrily says:--

'You don't know an amiable millionaire, with a nice quick yacht from 70
to 120 tons, to be given away, and sent out to Auckland free of expense,
I suppose.

'We must give up all idea of our Chapel for a time, but we can do
without it. And a vessel is necessary.'

The last of this letter is on Delitzsch and Biblical criticism, but too
much mixed up with other persons' private affairs for quotation.

Reading Hebrew with Mr. Atkin, or studying Isaiah alone, had been the
special recreation throughout the voyage.

His scholar Edward Wogale has given a touch of that last morning of the
20th:--

'And as we were going to that island where he died, but were still in
the open sea, he schooled us continually upon Luke ii. iii. up to
vi., but he left off with us with his death. And he preached to us
continually at Prayers in the morning, every day, and every evening on
the Acts of the Apostles, and he spoke as far as to the seventh chapter,
and then we reached that island. And he had spoken admirably and very
strongly indeed to us, about the death of Stephen, and then he went up
ashore on that island Nukapu.'

That island Nukapu lay with the blue waves breaking over the circling
reef, the white line of coral sand, the trees coming down to it; and
in the glowing sun of September 20, the equatorial midsummer eve, four
canoes were seen hovering about the reef, as the 'Southern Cross' tried
to make for the islet.

Mr. Brooke says that this lingering had seemed to intensify the Bishop's
prayer and anxiety for these poor people; and, thinking that the unusual
movements of the vessel puzzled the people in the canoes, and that they
might be afraid to approach, he desired that at 11.30 A.M. the boat
should be lowered, and entered it with Mr. Atkin, Stephen Taroniara,
James Minipa, and John Nonono. He sat in the stern sheets, and called
back to Mr. Brooke: 'Tell the captain I may have to go ashore.' Then he
waited to collect more things as presents to take on shore, and pulled
towards the canoes; But they did not come to meet the boat, and seemed
undecided whether to pull away or not. The people recognized the Bishop;
and when he offered to go on shore they assented, and the boat went on
to a part of the reef about two miles from the island, and there met two
more canoes, making six in all. The natives were very anxious that they
should haul the boat up on the reef, the tide being too low for her to
cross it, but, when this was not consented to, two men proposed to take
the Bishop into their boat.

It will be remembered that he had always found the entering one of their
canoes a sure way of disarming suspicion, and he at once complied. Mr.
Atkin afterwards said he thought he caught the word 'Tabu,' as if in
warning, and saw a basket with yams and other fruits presented; and
those acquainted with the customs of the Polynesians--the race to
which these islanders belonged--say that this is sometimes done that
an intended victim may unconsciously touch something tabu, and thus may
become a lawful subject for a blow, and someone may have tried to warn
him.

There was a delay of about twenty minutes; and then two canoes went with
the one containing the Bishop, the two chiefs, Moto and Taula, who had
before been so friendly to him, being in them. The tide was so low that
it was necessary to wade over the reef, and drag the canoes across to
the deeper lagoon within. The boat's crew could not follow; but they
could see the Bishop land on the beach, and there lost sight of him.

The boat had been about half-an-hour drifting about in company with the
canoes, and there had been some attempt at talk, when suddenly, at about
ten yards off, without any warning, a man stood up in one of them,
and calling out, 'Have you anything like this?' shot off one of the
yard-long arrows, and his companions in the other two canoes began
shooting as quickly as possible, calling out, as they aimed, 'This for
New Zealand man! This for Bauro man! This for Mota man!' The boat was
pulled back rapidly, and was soon out of range, but not before three out
of the four had been struck; James only escaped by throwing himself back
on the seat, while an arrow had nailed John's cap to his head, Mr. Atkin
had one in his left shoulder, and poor Stephen lay in the bottom of
the boat, 'trussed,' as Mr. Brooke described it, with six arrows in the
chest and shoulders.

It was about two hours since they had left the ship when they reached
it again: and Mr. Atkin said, 'We are all hurt? as they were helped
on board; but no sooner had the arrow-head, formed of human bone, and
acutely sharp, been extracted, than he insisted on going back to find
his Bishop. He alone knew the way by which the reef could be crossed in
the now rising tide, so that his presence was necessary. Meantime Mr.
Brooke extracted as best he might the arrows from poor Stephen.

'We two Bisope,' said the poor fellow, meaning that he shared the same
fate as the Bishop.

As Joseph Wate, a lad of fifteen, Mr. Atkin's Malanta godson and pupil,
wrote afterwards, 'Joe said to me and Sapi, "We are going to look for
the Bishop, are you two afraid?"

'"No, why should I be afraid?"

'"Very well, you two go and get food for yourselves, and bring a beaker
full of water for us all, for we shall have to lie on our oars a long
time to-day."'

The others who pulled the boat were Charles Sapinamba, a sailor, and
Mr. Bongarde, the mate, who carried a pistol, for the first time in the
records of the 'Southern Cross.'

They had long to wait till the tide was high enough to carry them
across the reef, and they could see people on shore, at whom they gazed
anxiously with a glass.

About half-past four it became possible to cross the reef, and then two
canoes rowed towards them: one cast off the other and went back; the
other, with a heap in the middle, drifted towards them, and they rowed
towards it.

'But' (says Wate), 'when we came near we two were afraid, and I said to
Joe, "If there is a man inside to attack us, when he rises up, we shall
see him."'

Then the mate took up his pistol, but the sailor said, 'Those are the
Bishop's shoes.'

As they came up with it, and lifted the bundle wrapped in matting into
the boat, a shout or yell arose from the shore. Wate says four canoes
put off in pursuit; but the others think their only object was to secure
the now empty canoe as it drifted away. The boat came alongside, and
two words passed, 'The body!' Then it was lifted up, and laid across the
skylight, rolled in the native mat, which was secured at the head and
feet. The placid smile was still on the face; there was a palm leaf
fastened over the breast, and when the mat was opened there were five
wounds, no more.

The strange mysterious beauty, as it may be called, of these
circumstances almost makes one feel as if this were the legend of a
martyr of the Primitive Church; but the fact is literally true, and can
be interpreted, though probably no account will ever be obtained from
the actors in the scene.

The wounds were, one evidently given with a club, which had shattered
the right side of the skull at the back, and probably was the first, and
had destroyed life instantly, and almost painlessly; another stroke
of some sharp weapon had cloven the top of the head; the body was also
pierced in one place; and there were two arrow wounds in the legs, but
apparently not shot at the living man, but stuck in after his fall, and
after he had been stripped, for the clothing was gone, all but the boots
and socks. In the front of the cocoa-nut palm, there were five knots
made in the long leaflets. All this is an almost certain indication that
his death was the vengeance for five of the natives. 'Blood for blood'
is a sacred law, almost of nature, wherever Christianity has not
prevailed, and a whole tribe is held responsible for the crime of one.
Five men in Fiji are known to have been stolen from Nukapu; and
probably their families believed them to have been killed, and believed
themselves to be performing a sacred duty when they dipped their weapons
in the blood of the Bisope, whom they did not know well enough to
understand that he was their protector. Nay, it is likely that there had
been some such discussion as had saved him before at Mai from suffering
for Petere's death; and, indeed, one party seem to have wished to keep
him from landing, and to have thus solemnly and reverently treated his
body.

Even when the tidings came in the brief uncircumstantial telegram, there
were none of those who loved and revered him who did not feel that such
was the death he always looked for, and that he had willingly given his
life. There was peace in the thought even while hearts trembled with
dread of hearing of accompanying horrors; and when the full story
arrived, showing how far more painless his death had been than had
he lived on to suffer from his broken health, and how wonderfully the
unconscious heathen had marked him with emblems so sacred in our eyes,
there was thankfulness and joy even to the bereaved at home.

The sweet calm smile preached peace to the mourners who had lost his
guiding spirit, but they could not look on it long. The next morning,
St. Matthew's Day, the body of John Coleridge Patteson was committed
to the waters of the Pacific, his 'son after the faith,' Joseph Atkin,
reading the Burial Service.

Mr. Atkin afterwards wrote to his mother. He had written to his father
the day before; but the substance of his letter has been given in the
narrative:--


'September 21, 1871.

'My dear Mother,--We have had a terrible loss, such a blow that we
cannot at all realise it. Our Bishop is dead; killed by the natives at
Nukapu yesterday. We got the body, and buried it this morning. He was
alone on shore, and none of us saw it done. We were attacked in the boat
too, and Stephen so badly wounded that I am afraid there is small hope
of his recovery. John and I have arrow wounds, but not severe. Our
poor boys seem quite awe-stricken. Captain Jacobs is very much cut
up. Brooke, although not at all well, has quite devoted himself to the
wounded, and so has less time to think about it all.

'It would only be selfish to wish him back. He has gone to his rest,
dying, as he lived, in his Master's service.

It seems a shocking way to die; but I can say from experience that it is
far more to hear of than to suffer. In whatever way so peaceful a life
as his is ended, his end is peace. There was no sign of fear or pain on
his face--just the look that he used to have when asleep, patient and a
little wearied. "What a stroke his death will be to hundreds!" What his
Mission will do without him, God only knows Who has taken him away. His
ways are not as our ways. Seeing people taken away, when, as we think,
they are almost necessary to do God's work on earth, makes one think
that we often think and talk too much about Christian work. What God
requires is Christian men. He does not need the work, only gives it to
form or perfect the character of the men whom He sends to do it.

'Stephen is in great pain at times to-night; one of the arrows seems
to have entered his lungs, and it is broken in, too deep to be got out.
John is wounded in the right shoulder, I in the left. We are both maimed
for the time; but, if it were not for the fear of poison, the wounds
would not be worth noticing. I do not expect any bad consequences, but
they are possible. What would make me cling to life more than anything
else is the thought of you at home; but if it be God's will that I am to
die, I know He will enable you to bear it, and bring good for you out of
it.

'Saturday, 23rd.--We are all doing well. Stephen keeps up his strength,
sleeps well, and has no long attacks of pain. We have had good breezes
yesterday and to-day--very welcome it is, but the motion makes writing
too much labour. Brooke and Edward Wogale are both unwell--ague, I
believe, with both of them; and Brooke's nerves are upset. He has slept
most of to-day, and will probably be the better for it.'....

His private journal adds:--

'September 21st.--Buried the Bishop in the morning. The wounded all
doing well, but Stephen in pain occasionally. Calm day, passed over a
reef in the morning, about eighteen miles north of Nukapu, nine fathoms
on it. Thermometer ninety-one degrees yesterday and to-day. Began
writing home at night. Began reading Miss Yonge's "Chaplet of Pearls."

'Friday, 22nd.--A light breeze came up in the evening, which freshened
through the night, and carried us past Tenakulu. Stephen doing very
well, had a good night, and has very little pain to-day. A breeze
through the day, much cooler. I am dressing my shoulder with brine. Read
some sermons of Vaughan's, preached at Doncaster during Passion Week.

'Saturday, 23rd.--Breeze through the day. A few showers of rain.
Brooke and Wogale down with ague; gave Wogale ipecacuanha and quinine
afterwards. Read Mota prayers in evening. All wounds going on well.
Finished "Chaplet of Pearls," and wrote a little.

'Sunday, 24th.--This morning the wind went round to N.E. and N. and then
died away. We were 55 miles W. of the Torres Islands at noon. Brooke
took English and Mota morning Prayers. I celebrated Holy Communion
afterwards. John came into cabin; I went out to Stephen.

'Brooke and Wogale both better, but B---- quite weak.'

During that Celebration, while administering the Sacred Elements, Mr.
Atkin's tongue stumbled and hesitated over some of the words.

Then the Mota men looked at one another, and knew what would follow.

He knew it himself too, and called to Joseph Wate, his own special
pupil, saying (as the lad wrote to Mr. Atkin the elder), 'Stephen and I
again are going to follow the Bishop, and they of your country--! Who is
to speak to them?'

'I do not know.'

Then he said again, 'It is all right. Don't grieve about it, because
they did not do this thing of themselves, but God allowed them to do
it. It is very good, because God would have it so, because He only looks
after us, and He understands about us, and now He wills to take away us
two, and it is well.'

There was much more for that strong young frame to undergo before the
vigorous life could depart. The loss was to be borne. The head of the
Mission, who had gone through long sickness, and lain at the gates of
the grave so long, died almost painlessly: his followers had deeply
to drink of the cup of agony. The night between the 26th and 27th was
terrible, the whole nervous system being jerked and strained to pieces,
and he wandered too much to send any message home; 'I lost my wits since
they shot me,' he said. Towards morning he almost leapt from his berth
on the floor, crying 'Good-bye.'

Mr. Brooke asked if he would have a little Sal volatile.

'No.'

'A little brandy?'

'No.'

'Do you want anything?'

'I want nothing but to die.'

Those were his last words. He lay convulsed on a mattress on the floor
for about an hour longer, and was released on the morning of the 29th.

Stephen, with an arrow wound in the lungs, and several more of these
wounds in the chest, could hardly have lived, even without the
terrible tetanus. He had spent his time in reading his Mota Gospel and
Prayer-book, praying and speaking earnestly to the other men on board,
before the full agony came on. He was a tall, large, powerfully framed
man; and the struggles were violent before he too sank into rest on
the morning of the 28th, all the time most assiduously nursed by Joseph
Wate. On St. Michael's Day, these two teachers of poor Bauro received at
the same time their funeral at sea.

John Coleridge Patteson was forty-four years and a half old.

Joseph Atkin, twenty-nine.

Stephen Taroniara probably twenty-five--as he was about eighteen when
he joined the Mission in 1864. His little girl will be brought up at
Norfolk Island; his wife Tara, to whom he had been married only just
before his voyage, became consumptive, and died January, 1873, only
twenty minutes after her Baptism. As one of the scholars said, "Had the
songs of the angels for joy of her being made a child of God finished
before they were again singing to welcome her an inheritor of the
kingdom of heaven?"

John Nonono showed no symptoms of tetanus, but was landed at Mota to
recover under more favourable circumstances than the crowded cabin could
afford.

Calms and baffling winds made the return to this island trying and
difficult, and Mota was not reached till the 4th of October. George
Sarawia was still perfectly satisfactory; and his community, on the
whole, going on hopefully. Want of provisions, which Mota could not
supply, made the stay very brief; and after obtaining the necessary
supplies at Aurora, the 'Southern Cross' brought her sad tidings to
Norfolk Island on the 17th. That day Mrs. Palmer wrote:--


'On Monday afternoon, 15th, Mr. Codrington went for a ride to the other
side of the island, and there espied the schooner, eight miles off. He
rode home quickly, and soon the shouting and racing of the boys told us
that the vessel had come. They were all at arrowroot-making. Never,
I think, had the whole party, English and natives, seemed in higher
spirits. Mr. Bice walked to the settlement, to see if she was far in
enough to land that night; we asked him to call and tell us on his way
home.

'Next morning Mr. Bice rode down to see if it really was the schooner,
and was back to breakfast, all thinking we should soon see them come up.

'Mr. Codrington and Mr. Bice got their horses ready to ride down, and I
got the rooms ready, when, in an hour, a Norfolk Island boy rode up to
say the flag was half-mast high.'

'We told the boys and girls something was wrong, to stop their joyous
shouting and laughing; and then I waited till Mr. Jackson returned, and
all he could say was, "Only Brooke has come!"'

What more shall I tell? Comments on such a life and such a death are
superfluous; and to repeat the testimonies of friends, outpourings of
grief, and utterances in sermons is but to weaken the impression of the
reality!

There is pain too in telling the further fate of Nukapu. H.M.S.
'Rosario,' Commander Markham, then cruising in the Southern Pacific,
touched at Norfolk Island, and Captain Markham undertook at once to go
to the island and make enquiries.

A protest was drawn up and signed by all the members of the Mission
against any attempt to punish the natives for the murder; and Captain
Markham, a kind, humane, and conscientious man, as no one can doubt,
promised that nothing of the kind should be attempted.

But the natives could not but expect retaliation for what they had done.
There was no interpreter. They knew nothing of flags of truce; and when
they saw a boat approaching, full of white men, armed, what could they
apprehend but vengeance for 'Bisope'? So they discharged a volley of
arrows, and a sergeant of marines was killed. This was an attack on the
British flag, and it was severely chastised with British firearms. It
is very much to be doubted whether Nukapu will ever understand that her
natives were shot, not for killing the Bishop, but for firing on the
British flag. For the present the way is closed, and we can only echo
Fisher Young's sigh, 'Poor Santa Cruz people!'

Bishop Patteson's will bequeathed his whole inheritance to the
Melanesian Mission, and appointed that the senior Priest should take
charge of it until another Bishop should be chosen.

The Rev. Robert Codrington, therefore, took the management, though
refusing the Episcopate; and considering the peculiar qualifications
needful for a Melanesian Bishop, which can only be tested by actual
experiment on physical as well as moral and spiritual abilities, it has,
up to the present moment (May 1873), been thought better to leave the
See vacant, obtaining episcopal aid from the Bishop of Auckland.

But this implies no slackness nor falling off in the Mission. By God's
good providence, Coleridge Patteson had so matured his system that it
could work without him. Mr. Codrington and the other clergy make their
periodic voyages in the 'Southern Cross.' Kohimarama flourishes under
George Sarawia, who was ordained Priest at Auckland on St. Barnabas Day,
1873. Bishop Cowie has paid a visit to Norfolk Island, and ordained
as Deacons, Edward Wogale, Robert Pantatun, Henry Tagalana, to work in
Mota, Santa Maria, and Ara. Joseph Wate remains the chief teacher of the
lads from Bauro; but there is much to be done before the work in that
island can be carried on. The people there seem peculiarly devoid of
earnestness; and it is remarkable that though they were among the first
visited, and their scholars the very earliest favourites, Stephen has
been the only one whose Christianity seems to have been substantial. But
the sight of his patient endurance had the same effect on those who
were with him in the ship as Walter Hotaswol's exhortations had had on
himself, and several of them began in earnest to prepare for Baptism.

The English staff of the Mission has been recruited by the Rev. John
R. Selwyn, and the Rev. John Still, as well as by Mr. Kenny from New
Zealand. And there is good hope that 'He who hath begun a good work will
perform it unto the day of the Lord.'

As to the crimes connected with the murder, the Queen herself directed
the attention of Parliament to it in her Speech at the commencement of
the Session of 1872. The Admiralty do what in them lies to keep watch
over the labour vessels by means of Queen's ships; and in Queensland,
regulations are made; in Fiji, the British Consul endeavours to examine
the newly arrived, whether they have been taken away by force. But
it may be feared that it will not be possible entirely to prevent
atrocities over so wide a range; though if, as Bishop Patteson
suggested, all vessels unregistered, and not committed to trustworthy
masters, were liable to be seized and confiscated, much of the shameless
deceit and horrible skull-hunting would be prevented.

Perhaps the fittest conclusion to the Bishop's history will be the words
written by Henry Tagalana, translated literally by Mr. Codrington:--

'As he taught, he confirmed his word with his good life among us, as
we all know; and also that he perfectly well helped anyone who might be
unhappy about anything, and spoke comfort to him about it; and about his
character and conduct, they are consistent with the law of God. He gave
the evidence of it in his practice, for he did nothing carelessly, lest
he should make anyone stumble and turn from the good way; and again he
did nothing to gain anything for himself alone, but he sought what he
might keep others with, and then he worked with it: and the reason was
his pitifulness and his love. And again, he did not despise anyone, nor
reject anyone with scorn; whether it were a white or a black person he
thought them all as one, and he loved them all alike.'

'He loved them all alike!' That was the secret of John Coleridge
Patteson's history and his labours.

Need more be said of him? Surely the simple islander's summary of his
character is the honour he would prefer.