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THE COMING OF THE FAIRIES

ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE


[Illustration: MR. E. L. GARDNER

Member of the Executive Committee of the Theosophical Society (England)

  [_Frontispiece_]


THE COMING OF THE FAIRIES

by

ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE

Author of "The New Revelation," "The Vital Message,"
"Wanderings of a Spiritualist"

Illustrated from Photographs.







[Illustration]

New York
George H. Doran Company

Copyright, 1921, 1922,
By George H. Doran Company.

[Illustration]

THE COMING OF THE FAIRIES.

Printed in the United States of America.




PREFACE


This book contains reproductions of the famous Cottingley photographs,
and gives the whole of the evidence in connection with them. The
diligent reader is in almost as good a position as I am to form a
judgment upon the authenticity of the pictures. This narrative is not a
special plea for that authenticity, but is simply a collection of facts
the inferences from which may be accepted or rejected as the reader may
think fit.

I would warn the critic, however, not to be led away by the sophistry
that because some professional trickster, apt at the game of deception,
can produce a somewhat similar effect, therefore the originals were
produced in the same way. There are few realities which cannot be
imitated, and the ancient argument that because conjurers on their
own prepared plates or stages can produce certain results, therefore
similar results obtained by untrained people under natural conditions
are also false, is surely discounted by the intelligent public.

I would add that this whole subject of the objective existence of a
subhuman form of life has nothing to do with the larger and far more
vital question of spiritualism. I should be sorry if my arguments in
favour of the latter should be in any way weakened by my exposition
of this very strange episode, which has really no bearing upon the
continued existence of the individual.

  ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE.

  CROWBOROUGH,
  _March 1922_.




CONTENTS


  CHAPTER                                            PAGE

     I  HOW THE MATTER AROSE                           13

    II  THE FIRST PUBLISHED ACCOUNT, _STRAND_
        CHRISTMAS NUMBER 1920                          39

   III  RECEPTION OF THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPHS             59

    IV  THE SECOND SERIES                              93

     V  OBSERVATIONS OF A CLAIRVOYANT IN THE
        COTTINGLEY GLEN, AUGUST 1921                  108

    VI  INDEPENDENT EVIDENCE FOR FAIRIES              123

   VII  SOME SUBSEQUENT CASES                         152

  VIII  THE THEOSOPHIC VIEW OF FAIRIES                171




ILLUSTRATIONS


  MR. E. L. GARDNER                        _Frontispiece_

                                                     PAGE

  ELSIE AND THE GNOME                                  32

  ELSIE AND FRANCES                                    33

  COTTINGLEY BECK AND GLEN                             33

  ELSIE IN 1920, STANDING NEAR WHERE THE GNOME
  WAS TAKEN IN 1917                                    48

  FRANCES IN 1920                                      48

  FRANCES AND THE FAIRIES                              49

  ELSIE SEATED ON THE BANK ON WHICH THE FAIRIES
  WERE DANCING IN 1917 (PHOTO 1920)                    64

  THE FALL OF WATER JUST ABOVE THE SITE OF LAST
  PHOTOGRAPH                                           64

  FRANCES AND THE LEAPING FAIRY                        65

  FAIRY OFFERING POSY OF HARE-BELLS TO ELSIE           80

  FAIRIES AND THEIR SUN-BATH                           81

  A VIEW OF THE BECK IN 1921                          128

  THE TWO GIRLS NEAR THE SPOT WHERE THE LEAPING
  FAIRY WAS TAKEN IN 1920                             129

  THE PHOTOGRAPH FROM CANADA                          144




                       THE COMING OF THE FAIRIES




CHAPTER I

HOW THE MATTER AROSE


The series of incidents set forth in this little volume represent
either the most elaborate and ingenious hoax ever played upon the
public, or else they constitute an event in human history which may
in the future appear to have been epoch-making in its character. It
is hard for the mind to grasp what the ultimate results may be if we
have actually proved the existence upon the surface of this planet
of a population which may be as numerous as the human race, which
pursues its own strange life in its own strange way, and which is
only separated from ourselves by some difference of vibrations. We
see objects within the limits which make up our colour spectrum, with
infinite vibrations, unused by us, on either side of them. If we could
conceive a race of beings which were constructed in material which
threw out shorter or longer vibrations, they would be invisible unless
we could tune ourselves up or tone them down. It is exactly that power
of tuning up and adapting itself to other vibrations which constitutes
a clairvoyant, and there is nothing scientifically impossible, so
far as I can see, in some people seeing that which is invisible to
others. If the objects are indeed there, and if the inventive power
of the human brain is turned upon the problem, it is likely that some
sort of psychic spectacles, inconceivable to us at the moment, will
be invented, and that we shall all be able to adapt ourselves to the
new conditions. If high-tension electricity can be converted by a
mechanical contrivance into a lower tension, keyed to other uses, then
it is hard to see why something analogous might not occur with the
vibrations of ether and the waves of light.

This, however, is mere speculation and leads me to the fact that early
in May 1920 I heard, in conversation with my friend Mr. Gow, the Editor
of _Light_, that alleged photographs of fairies had been taken. He had
not actually seen them, but he referred me to Miss Scatcherd, a lady
for whose knowledge and judgment I had considerable respect. I got into
touch with her and found that she also had not seen the photographs,
but she had a friend, Miss Gardner, who had actually done so. On May 13
Miss Scatcherd wrote to me saying that she was getting on the trail,
and including an extract from a letter of Miss Gardner, which ran as
follows. I am quoting actual documents in this early stage, for I think
there are many who would like a complete inside view of all that led up
to so remarkable an episode. Alluding to her brother Mr. Gardner, she
says:

 "You know that Edward is a Theosophist, has been for years, and now he
 is mostly engaged with lecturing and other work for the Society--and
 although for years I have regarded him as bathed in error and almost
 past praying for, I now find a talk with him an inspiring privilege.
 I am so very thankful that I happened to be in Willesden when his
 bereavement took place, for it was so wonderful to watch him, and to
 see how marvellously his faith and beliefs upheld and comforted him.
 He will probably devote more and more of his time and strength to
 going about the country lecturing, etc.

 "I wish you could see a photo he has. He believes in fairies, pixies,
 goblins, etc.--children, in many cases, really see them and play with
 them. He has got into touch with a family in Bradford where the little
 girl, Elsie, and her cousin, Frances, constantly go into woods and
 play with the fairies. The father and mother are sceptical and have
 no sympathy with their nonsense, as they call it, but an aunt, whom
 Edward has interviewed, is quite sympathetic with the girls. Some
 little time ago, Elsie said she wanted to photograph them, and begged
 her father to lend his camera. For long he refused, but at last she
 managed to get the loan of it and one plate. Off she and Frances went
 into the woods near a waterfall. Frances ''ticed' them, as they call
 it, and Elsie stood ready with the camera. Soon the three fairies
 appeared, and one pixie dancing in Frances' aura. Elsie snapped and
 hoped for the best. It was a long time before the father would develop
 the photo, but at last he did, and to his utter amazement the four
 sweet little figures came out beautifully!

 "Edward got the negative and took it to a specialist in photography
 who would know a fake at once. Sceptical as he was before he tested
 it, afterwards he offered £100 down for it. He pronounced it
 absolutely genuine and a perfectly remarkable photograph. Edward has
 it enlarged and hanging in his hall. He is very interested in it and
 as soon as possible he is going to Bradford to see the children. What
 do you think of this? Edward says the fairies are on the same line of
 evolution as the _winged_ insects, etc., etc. I fear I cannot follow
 all his reasonings, but I knew you would be keenly interested. I wish
 you could see that photo and another one of the girls playing with
 the quaintest goblin imaginable!"

This letter filled me with hopes, and I renewed my pursuit of the
photographs. I learned that they were two in number and that they had
been sent for inspection to Miss Blomfield, a friend of the family. My
chase turned, therefore, in that direction, and in reply to a letter of
inquiry I received the following answer:

                               _The Myrtles, Beckenham, June 21, 1920._

  DEAR SIR,

 I am sending the two fairy pictures; they _are_ interesting, are they
 not?

 I am sure my cousin would be pleased for you to see them. But he said
 (and wrote it to me afterwards) that he did not want them to be used
 in any way at present. I believe he has plans in regard to them, and
 the pictures are being copyrighted. I don't think the copyright will
 be his. He has not yet finished his investigations. I asked him if I
 might photograph them myself so as to have a few prints to give to
 friends interested, but he wrote that he would rather nothing was
 done at present.

 I think my cousin is away from home just now. But his name is Edward
 L. Gardner, and he is President of one of the branches of the
 Theosophical Society (Blavatsky Lodge), and he lectures fairly often
 at their Hall (Mortimer Hall, Mortimer Square, W.). He lectured there
 a few weeks ago, and showed the fairies on the screen and told what he
 knew about them.

                                                       Yours sincerely,
                                                          E. BLOMFIELD.

This letter enclosed the two very remarkable photographs which are
reproduced in this volume, that which depicted the dancing goblin,
and the other of wood elves in a ring. An explanatory note setting
forth the main points of each is appended to the reproductions. I was
naturally delighted at the wonderful pictures, and wrote back thanking
Miss Blomfield for her courtesy, and suggesting that an inquiry should
be set on foot which would satisfy me as to the genuine nature of the
photographs. If this were clearly established I hoped that I might be
privileged to help Mr. Gardner in giving publicity to the discovery. In
reply I had the following letter:

                               _The Myrtles, Beckenham, June 23, 1920._

  DEAR SIR ARTHUR,

 I am so glad you like the fairies! I should be only too glad to help
 in any way if I could, but there is so little I can do. Had the
 photographs been mine (I mean the negatives), I should have been most
 pleased that anything so lovely in the way of information should have
 been introduced to the public under such auspices. But it would, as
 things are, be necessary to ask my cousin. I believe he _wants_ people
 to know, but, as I wrote before, I do not know his plans, and I'm not
 sure if he is ready.

 It has occurred to me since writing to you that it would have been
 better had I given you his sister's address. She is a most sensible
 and practical person, much engaged in social work, with which her
 sympathetic nature and general efficiency make her very successful.

 She believes the fairy photographs to be quite genuine. Edward is a
 clever man--and a good one. His evidence on any of the affairs of life
 would, I am sure, be considered most reliable by all who knew him,
 both for veracity and sound judgment. I hope these details will not
 bore you, but I thought perhaps some knowledge of the people who, so
 to say, "discovered" the photographs would help in taking you _one_
 step nearer the source. I do not see any opening for fraud or hoax,
 though at first when I saw the prints I thought there must be some
 other explanation than the simple one that they were what they seemed.
 They appeared too good to be true! But every little detail I have
 since heard has added to my conviction that they are genuine; though I
 have only what Edward tells me to go upon. He is hoping to obtain more
 from the same girls.

                                                       Yours sincerely,
                                                          E. BLOMFIELD.

At about the same time I received a letter from another lady who had
some knowledge of the matter. It ran thus:

               _29 Croftdown Road, Highgate Road, N.W., June 24, 1920._

  DEAR SIR ARTHUR,

 I am glad to hear that you are interested in the fairies. If they were
 really taken, as there seems good reason to believe, the event is no
 less than the discovery of a new world. It may not be out of place to
 mention that when I examined them with a magnifying glass I noticed,
 as an artist, that the hands do not appear to be quite the same as
 ours. Though the little figures look otherwise so human, the hands
 seemed to me something like this. (There followed a sketch of a sort
 of fin.) The beard in the little gnome seems to me to be some sort of
 insect-like appendage, though it would, no doubt, be called a beard by
 a clairvoyant seeing him. Also it occurs to me that the whiteness of
 the fairies may be due to their lack of shadow, which may also explain
 their somewhat artificial-looking flatness.

                                                       Yours sincerely,
                                                            MAY BOWLEY.

I was now in a stronger position, since I had actually seen the
photographs and learned that Mr. Gardner was a solid person with a
reputation for sanity and character. I therefore wrote to him stating
the links by which I had reached him, and saying how interested I was
in the whole matter, and how essential it seemed that the facts should
be given to the public, so that free investigation might be possible
before it was too late. To this letter I had the following reply:

                    _5 Craven Road, Harlesden, N.W.10., June 25, 1920._

  DEAR SIR,

 Your interesting letter of the 22nd has just reached me, and very
 willingly I will assist you in any way that may be possible.

 With regard to the photographs, the story is rather a long one
 and I have only gathered it by going very carefully. The children
 who were concerned are very shy and reserved indeed.... They are
 of a mechanic's family of Yorkshire, and the children are said to
 have played with fairies and elves in the woods near their village
 since babyhood. I will not attempt to narrate the story here,
 however--perhaps we may meet for that--but when I at length obtained
 a view of the rather poor prints it so impressed me I begged for the
 actual negatives. These I submitted to two first-class photographic
 experts, one in London and one in Leeds. The first, who was unfamiliar
 with such matters, declared the plates to be perfectly genuine and
 unfaked, but inexplicable! The second, who did know something of the
 subject and had been instrumental in exposing several "psychic" fakes,
 was also entirely satisfied. Hence I proceeded.

 I am hopeful of getting more photographs, but the immediate difficulty
 is to arrange for the two girls to be together. They are 16 or 17
 years old and beginning to work and are separated by a few miles.
 It may be we can manage it and thus secure photographs of the other
 varieties besides those obtained. These nature spirits are of the
 non-individualized order and I should greatly like to secure some of
 the higher. But two children such as these are, are rare, and I fear
 now that we are late because almost certainly the inevitable will
 shortly happen, one of them will "fall in love" and then--hey presto!!

 By the way, I am anxious to avoid the money consideration. I may not
 succeed, but would far rather not introduce it. We are out for Truth,
 and nothing soils the way so quickly. So far as I am concerned you
 shall have everything I can properly give you.

                                                       Sincerely yours,
                                                (Sgd.) EDW. L. GARDNER.

This letter led to my going to London and seeing Mr. Gardner, whom
I found to be quiet, well-balanced, and reserved--not in the least
of a wild or visionary type. He showed me beautiful enlargements of
these two wonderful pictures, and he gave me much information which is
embodied in my subsequent account. Neither he nor I had actually seen
the girls, and it was arranged that he should handle the personal side
of the matter, while I should examine the results and throw them into
literary shape. It was arranged between us that he should visit the
village as soon as convenient, and make the acquaintance of everyone
concerned. In the meantime, I showed the positives, and sometimes the
negatives, to several friends whose opinion upon psychic matters I
respected.

Of these Sir Oliver Lodge holds a premier place. I can still see his
astonished and interested face as he gazed at the pictures, which I
placed before him in the hall of the Athenæum Club. With his usual
caution he refused to accept them at their face value, and suggested
the theory that the Californian Classical dancers had been taken and
their picture superimposed upon a rural British background. I argued
that we had certainly traced the pictures to two children of the
artisan class, and that such photographic tricks would be entirely
beyond them, but I failed to convince him, nor am I sure that even now
he is whole-hearted in the matter.

My most earnest critics came from among the spiritualists, to whom
a new order of being as remote from spirits as they are from human
beings was an unfamiliar idea, and who feared, not unnaturally, that
their intrusion would complicate that spiritual controversy which is
vital to so many of us. One of these was a gentleman whom I will call
Mr. Lancaster, who, by a not unusual paradox, combined considerable
psychic powers, including both clairvoyance and clairaudience, with
great proficiency in the practice of his very prosaic profession. He
had claimed that he had frequently seen these little people with his
own eyes, and I, therefore, attached importance to his opinion. This
gentleman had a spirit guide (I have no objection to the smile of the
sceptic), and to him he referred the question. The answer showed both
the strength and the weakness of such psychic inquiries. Writing to me
in July 1920, he said:

 "_Re Photographs_: The more I think of it the less I like it (I mean
 the one with the Parisian-coiffed fairies). My own guide says it was
 taken by a fair man, short, with his hair brushed back; he has a
 studio with a lot of cameras, some of which are 'turned by a handle.'
 He did not make it to sell Spiritualists a 'pup,' but did it to please
 the little girl in the picture who wrote fairy stories which he
 illustrated in this fashion. He is not a Spiritualist, but would laugh
 very much if anyone was taken in by it. He does not live near where
 we were, and the place is all different, i.e. the houses, instead
 of being in straight lines, are dropped about all over the place.
 Apparently he was not English. I should think it was either Denmark or
 Los Angeles by the description, which I give you for what it is worth.

 "I should very much like the lens which would take persons in rapid
 motion with the clarity of the photo in question, it must work at F
 4.5 and cost fifty guineas if a penny, and not the sort of lens one
 would imagine the children in an artisan's household would possess
 in a hand camera. And yet with the speed with which it was taken the
 waterfall in the background is blurred sufficiently to justify a one
 second's exposure at least. What a doubting Thomas! I was told the
 other day that, in the unlikely event of my ever reaching heaven, I
 should (_a_) Insist on starting a card file index of the angels, and
 (_b_) Starting a rifle range to guard against the possibility of
 invasion from Hell. This being my unfortunate reputation at the hands
 of the people who claim to know me must discount my criticisms as
 carping--to a certain extent, at all events."

These psychic impressions and messages are often as from one who sees
in a glass darkly and contain a curious mixture of truth and error.
Upon my submitting this message to Mr. Gardner he was able to assure
me that the description was, on the whole, a very accurate one of Mr.
Snelling and his surroundings, the gentleman who had actually handled
the negatives, subjected them to various tests and made enlarged
positives. It was, therefore, this intermediate incident, and not the
original inception of the affair, which had impressed itself upon Mr.
Lancaster's guide. All this is, of course, quite non-evidential to the
ordinary reader, but I am laying all the documents upon the table.

Mr. Lancaster's opinion had so much weight with us, and we were so
impressed by the necessity of sparing no possible pains to get at
truth, that we submitted the plates to fresh examination, as detailed
in the following letter:

                     _5 Craven Road, Harlesden, N.W.10, July 12, 1920._

  DEAR SIR ARTHUR,

 Just a line to report progress and acknowledge your kind letters and
 enclosure from Kodak's.

 A week back, after your reference to Mr. Lancaster's opinion, I
 thought I would get a more careful examination of the negatives
 made than before, though that was searching enough. So I went over
 to Mr. Snelling's at Harrow and had a long interview with him,
 again impressing him with the importance of being utterly certain.
 I told you, I think, that this Mr. Snelling has had a varied and
 expert connection of over thirty years with the Autotype Company and
 Illingworth's large photographic factory and has himself turned out
 some beautiful work in natural and artificial studio studies. He
 recently started for himself at Wealdstone (Harrow) and is doing well.

 Mr. Snelling's report on the two negatives is positive and most
 decisive. He says he is perfectly certain of two things connected with
 these photos, namely:

  1. One exposure only;
  2. All the figures of the fairies moved during
  exposure, which was "instantaneous."

 As I put all sorts of pressing questions to him, relating to paper
 or cardboard figures, and backgrounds and paintings, and all the
 artifices of the modern studio, he proceeded to demonstrate by showing
 me other negatives and prints that certainly supported his view. He
 added that anyone of considerable experience could detect the dark
 background and double exposure in the negative at once. Movement was
 as easy, as he pointed out in a crowd of aeroplane photos he had by
 him. I do not pretend to follow all his points, but I am bound to
 say he thoroughly convinced me of the above two, which seem to me to
 dispose of all the objections hitherto advanced when they are taken
 together! Mr. S. is willing to make any declaration embodying the
 above and stakes his reputation unhesitatingly on their truth.

 I am away from London from Wednesday next till the 28th when I go on
 to Bingley for one or two days' investigation on the spot. I propose
 that you have the two negatives, which are carefully packed and can
 be posted safely, for this fortnight or so. If you would rather not
 handle them I will send them to Mr. West of Kodak's, or have them
 taken to him for his opinion, for I think, as you say, it would be
 worth having, if he has had direct and extensive practical experience.

 I am very anxious now to see this right through, as, though I felt
 pretty sure before, I am more than ever satisfied now after that
 interview the other day.

                                                       Yours sincerely,
                                                       EDW. L. GARDNER.

[Illustration: B. ELSIE AND THE GNOME

Photograph taken by Frances. Fairly bright day in September, 1917. The
"Midg" camera. Distance, 8 ft. Time, 1/50th sec. The original negative
has been tested, enlarged, and analysed in the same exhaustive manner
as A. This plate was badly under-exposed. Elsie was playing with the
gnome and beckoning it to come on to her knee.]

[Illustration: ELSIE AND FRANCES

A snapshot taken by Mr. Wright in June, 1917, with the "Midg" camera he
had just obtained--his first and only camera.]

[Illustration: COTTINGLEY BECK AND GLEN

Sites of photographs are marked A, B, C, D, E, and the cottage with an
X.]

After receiving this message and getting possession of the negatives
I took them myself to the Kodak Company's Offices in Kingsway,
where I saw Mr. West and another expert of the Company. They examined
the plates carefully, and neither of them could find any evidence
of superposition, or other trick. On the other hand, they were of
opinion that if they set to work with all their knowledge and resources
they could produce such pictures by natural means, and therefore
they would not undertake to say that these were preternatural. This,
of course, was quite reasonable if the pictures are judged only as
technical productions, but it rather savours of the old discredited
anti-spiritualistic argument that because a trained conjurer can
produce certain effects under his own conditions, therefore some woman
or child who gets similar effects must get them by conjuring. It was
clear that at the last it was the character and surroundings of the
children upon which the inquiry must turn, rather than upon the photos
themselves. I had already endeavoured to open up human relations with
the elder girl by sending her a book, and I had received the following
little note in reply from her father:

                  _31 Main Street, Cottingley, Bingley, July 12, 1920._

  DEAR SIR,

 I hope you will forgive us for not answering your letter sooner and
 thanking you for the beautiful book you so kindly sent to Elsie. She
 is delighted with it. I can assure you we do appreciate the honour you
 have done her. The book came last Saturday morning an hour after we
 had left for the seaside for our holidays, so we did not receive it
 until last night. We received a letter from Mr. Gardner at the same
 time, and he proposes coming to see us at the end of July. Would it be
 too long to wait until then, when we could explain what we know about
 it?

                                                 Yours very gratefully,
                                                         ARTHUR WRIGHT.

It was evident, however, that we must get into more personal touch,
and with this object Mr. Gardner went North and interviewed the whole
family, making a thorough investigation of the circumstances at the
spot. The result of his journey is given in the article which I
published in the _Strand Magazine_, which covers all the ground. I will
only add the letter he wrote to me after his return from Yorkshire.

                     _5 Craven Road, Harlesden, N.W.10, July 31, 1920._

  MY DEAR CONAN DOYLE,

 Yours just to hand, and as I have now had an hour to sort things out I
 write at once so that you have the enclosed before you at the earliest
 moment. You must be very pressed, so I put the statement as simply
 as possible, leaving you to use just what you think fit. Prepared
 negatives, prints of quarter, half-plate, and enlarged sizes, and
 lantern slides, I have all here.

 Also on Tuesday I shall have my own photographs of the valley scenery
 including the two spots shown in the fairy prints, and also prints of
 the two children taken in 1917 with their shoes and stockings off,
 just as they played in the beck at the rear of their house. I also
 have a print of Elsie showing her hand.

 With regard to the points you raise:

 1. I have definite leave and permission to act as regards the use made
 of these photographs in any way I think best.

 Publication may be made of them, the only reserve being that full
 names and addresses shall be withheld.

 2. Copies are ready here for England and U.S.A.

 3. ... The Kodak people and also the Illingworth Co. are unwilling to
 testify. The former, of course, you know of. Illingworths claim that
 they could produce, by means of clever studio painting and modelling,
 a similar negative. Another Company's expert made assertions
 concerning the construction of the "model" that I found were entirely
 erroneous directly I saw the real ground! They, however, barred
 any publication. The net result, besides Snelling's views, is that
 the photograph _could_ be produced by studio work, but there is no
 evidence _positively_ of such work in the negatives. (I might add that
 Snelling, whom I saw again yesterday evening, scouts the claim that
 such negatives could be produced. He states that he would pick such a
 one out without hesitation!)

 4. My report is enclosed and you are at perfect liberty to use this
 just as you please.

 The father, Mr. Arthur Wright, impressed me favourably. He was
 perfectly open and free about the whole matter. He explained his
 position--he simply did not understand the business, but is quite
 clear and positive that the plate he took out of the Midg camera
 was the one he put in the same day. His work is that of electrician
 to an estate in the neighbourhood near. He is clear-headed and very
 intelligent, and gives one the impression of being open and honest. I
 learnt the reason of the family's cordial treatment of myself. Mrs.
 Wright, a few years back, came into touch with theosophical teachings
 and speaks of these as having done her good. My own connection with
 the Theosophical Society she knew of and this gave them confidence.
 Hence the very cordial reception I have met with, which somewhat had
 puzzled me.

 By the way, I think "L.'s" guide ran up against innocent little
 Snelling! He matches the description quite well, as I realized last
 night. And he did prepare the new negatives from which the prints you
 have were made, and he has a room full up with weird machines with
 handles and devices used in photography....

                                                       Sincerely yours,
                                                       EDW. L. GARDNER.

I trust that the reader will agree that up to this point we had not
proceeded with any undue rashness or credulity, and that we had taken
all common-sense steps to test the case, and had no alternative, if
we were unprejudiced seekers for truth, but to go ahead with it, and
place our results before the public, so that others might discover the
fallacy which we had failed to find. I must apologize if some of the
ground in the _Strand_ article which follows has already been covered
in this introductory chapter.




CHAPTER II

THE FIRST PUBLISHED ACCOUNT--"STRAND" CHRISTMAS NUMBER, 1920


Should the incidents here narrated, and the photographs attached,
hold their own against the criticism which they will excite, it is no
exaggeration to say that they will mark an epoch in human thought.
I put them and all the evidence before the public for examination
and judgment. If I am myself asked whether I consider the case to be
absolutely and finally proved, I should answer that in order to remove
the last faint shadow of doubt I should wish to see the result repeated
before a disinterested witness. At the same time, I recognize the
difficulty of such a request, since rare results must be obtained when
and how they can. But short of final and absolute proof, I consider,
after carefully going into every possible source of error, that a
strong _prima facie_ case has been built up. The cry of "fake" is sure
to be raised, and will make some impression upon those who have not had
the opportunity of knowing the people concerned, or the place. On the
photographic side every objection has been considered and adequately
met. The pictures stand or fall together. Both are false, or both are
true. All the circumstances point to the latter alternative, and yet in
a matter involving so tremendous a new departure one needs overpowering
evidence before one can say that there is no conceivable loophole for
error.

It was about the month of May in this year that I received the
information from Miss Felicia Scatcherd, so well-known in several
departments of human thought, to the effect that two photographs of
fairies had been taken in the North of England under circumstances
which seemed to put fraud out of the question. The statement would
have appealed to me at any time, but I happened at the moment to be
collecting material for an article on fairies, now completed, and I had
accumulated a surprising number of cases of people who claimed to be
able to see these little creatures. The evidence was so complete and
detailed, with such good names attached to it, that it was difficult
to believe that it was false; but, being by nature of a somewhat
sceptical turn, I felt that something closer was needed before I
could feel personal conviction and assure myself that these were not
thought-forms conjured up by the imagination or expectation of the
seers. The rumour of the photographs interested me deeply, therefore,
and following the matter up from one lady informant to another, I came
at last upon Mr. Edward L. Gardner, who has been ever since my most
efficient collaborator, to whom all credit is due. Mr. Gardner, it may
be remarked, is a member of the Executive Committee of the Theosophical
Society, and a well-known lecturer upon occult subjects.

He had not himself at that time mastered the whole case, but all he
had he placed freely at my disposal. I had already seen prints of
the photographs, but I was relieved to find that he had the actual
negatives, and that it was from them, and not from the prints, that
two expert photographers, especially Mr. Snelling of 26 The Bridge,
Wealdstone, Harrow, had already formed their conclusions in favour
of the genuineness of the pictures. Mr. Gardner tells his own story
presently, so I will simply say that at that period he had got into
direct and friendly touch with the Carpenter family. We are compelled
to use a pseudonym and to withhold the exact address, for it is clear
that their lives would be much interrupted by correspondence and
callers if their identity were too clearly indicated. At the same
time there would be, no doubt, no objection to any small committee
of inquiry verifying the facts for themselves if this anonymity were
respected. For the present, however, we shall simply call them the
Carpenter family in the village of Dalesby, West Riding.

Some three years before, according to our information, the daughter
and the niece of Mr. Carpenter, the former being sixteen and the other
ten years of age, had taken the two photographs--the one in summer,
the other in early autumn. The father was quite agnostic in the
matter, but as his daughter claimed that she and her cousin when they
were together continually saw fairies in the wood and had come to be
on familiar and friendly terms with them, he entrusted her with one
plate in his camera. The result was the picture of the dancing elves,
which considerably amazed the father when he developed the film that
evening. The little girl looking across at her playmate, to intimate
that the time had come to press the button, is Alice, the niece, while
the older girl, who was taken some months later with the quaint gnome,
is Iris, the daughter. The story ran that the girls were so excited in
the evening that one pressed her way into the small dark-room in which
the father was about to develop, and that as she saw the forms of the
fairies showing through the solution she cried out to the other girl,
who was palpitating outside the door: "Oh, Alice, Alice, the fairies
are on the plate--they are on the plate!" It was indeed a triumph for
the children, who had been smiled at, as so many children are smiled
at by an incredulous world for stating what their own senses have
actually recorded.

The father holds a position of trust in connection with some local
factory, and the family are well-known and respected. That they are
cultivated is shown by the fact that Mr. Gardner's advances towards
them were made more easy because Mrs. Carpenter was a reader of
theosophical teachings and had gained spiritual good from them. A
correspondence had arisen and all their letters were frank and honest,
professing some amazement at the stir which the affair seemed likely to
produce.

Thus the matter stood after my meeting with Mr. Gardner, but it was
clear that this was not enough. We must get closer to the facts. The
negatives were taken round to Kodak, Ltd., where two experts were
unable to find any flaw, but refused to testify to the genuineness
of them, in view of some possible trap. An amateur photographer of
experience refused to accept them on the ground of the elaborate and
Parisian coiffure of the little ladies. Another photographic company,
which it would be cruel to name, declared that the background
consisted of theatrical properties, and that therefore the picture was
a worthless fake. I leaned heavily upon Mr. Snelling's whole-hearted
endorsement, quoted later in this article, and also consoled myself by
the broad view that if the local conditions were as reported, which we
proposed to test, then it was surely impossible that a little village
with an amateur photographer could have the plant and the skill to turn
out a fake which could not be detected by the best experts in London.

The matter being in this state, Mr. Gardner volunteered to go up at
once and report--an expedition which I should have wished to share had
it not been for the pressure of work before my approaching departure
for Australia. Mr. Gardner's report is here appended:

                     _5 Craven Road, Harlesden, N.W.10, July 29, 1920._

 It was early in this year, 1920, that I heard from a friend of
 photographs of fairies having been successfully taken in the North
 of England. I made some inquiries, and these led to prints being sent
 to me with the names and address of the children who were said to
 have taken them. The correspondence that followed seemed so innocent
 and promising that I begged the loan of the actual negatives--and two
 quarter-plates came by post a few days after. One was a fairly clear
 one, the other much under-exposed.

 The negatives proved to be truly astonishing photographs indeed, for
 there was no sign of double exposure nor anything other than ordinary
 straightforward work. I cycled over to Harrow to consult an expert
 photographer of thirty years' practical experience whom I knew I
 could trust for a sound opinion. Without any explanation I passed the
 plates over and asked what he thought of them. After examining the
 "fairies" negative carefully, exclamations began: "This is the most
 extraordinary thing I've ever seen!" "Single exposure!" "Figures have
 moved!" "Why, it's a genuine photograph! Wherever did it come from?"

 I need hardly add that enlargements were made and subjected to
 searching examination--without any modification of opinion. The
 immediate upshot was that a "positive" was taken from each negative,
 that the originals might be preserved carefully untouched, and then
 new negatives were prepared and intensified to serve as better
 printing mediums. The originals are just as received and in my keeping
 now. Some good prints and lantern slides were soon prepared.

 In May I used the slides, with others, to illustrate a lecture given
 in the Mortimer Hall, London, and this aroused considerable interest,
 largely because of these pictures and their story. A week or so later
 I received a letter from Sir A. Conan Doyle asking for information
 concerning them, some report, I understood, having reached him from a
 mutual friend. A meeting with Sir Arthur followed, and the outcome was
 that I agreed to hasten my proposed personal investigation into the
 origin of the photographs, and carry this through at once instead of
 waiting till September, when I should be in the North on other matters.

 In consequence, to-day, July 29, I am just back in London from one of
 the most interesting and surprising excursions that it has ever been
 my fortune to make!

 We had time, before I went, to obtain opinions on the original
 negatives from other expert photographers, and one or two of these
 were adverse rather than favourable. Not that any would say positively
 that the photographs were faked, but two did claim that they _could_
 produce the same class of negative by studio work involving painted
 models, etc., and it was suggested further that the little girl in
 the first picture was standing behind a table heaped up with fern and
 moss, that the toad-stool was unnatural, that in the gnome photo the
 girl's hand was not her own, that uniform shading was questionable,
 and so on. All of this had its weight, and though I went North with as
 little bias one way or the other as possible, I felt quite prepared
 to find that a personal investigation would disclose some evidence of
 falsity.

 [Illustration: ELSIE IN 1920. STANDING NEAR WHERE THE GNOME WAS TAKEN
 IN 1917]

 [Illustration: FRANCES IN 1920]

 [Illustration: A. FRANCES AND THE FAIRIES

 Photograph taken by Elsie. Bright sunny day in July, 1917. The "Midg"
 camera. Distance, 4 ft. Time, 1/50th sec. The original negative is
 asserted by expert photographers to bear not the slightest trace of
 combination work, retouching, or anything whatever to mark it as
 other than a perfectly straight single-exposure photograph, taken in
 the open air under natural conditions. The negative is sufficiently,
 indeed somewhat over-exposed. The waterfall and rocks are about 20
 ft. behind Frances, who is standing against the bank of the beck. A
 fifth fairy may be seen between and behind the two on the right. The
 colouring of the fairies is described by the girls as being of very
 pale pink, green, lavender, and mauve, most marked in the wings and
 fading to almost pure white in the limbs and drapery. Each fairy has
 its own special colour.]

 The lengthy journey completed, I reached a quaint, old-world
 village in Yorkshire, found the house, and was cordially received.
 Mrs. C. and her daughter I. (the girl as shown playing with the gnome)
 were both at home to meet me, and Mr. C., the father, came in shortly
 afterwards.

 Several of the objections raised by the professionals were disposed
 of almost at once, as, a half-hour after reaching the house, I was
 exploring a charming little valley, directly at the rear, with
 a stream of water running through, where the children had been
 accustomed to see and play with the fairies. I found the bank behind
 which the child, with her shoes and stockings off, is shown as
 standing; toad-stools exactly as in the photograph were about in
 plenty, quite as big and hearty-looking. And the girl's hand? Well,
 she laughingly made me promise not to say much about it, it is so very
 long! I stood on the spots shown and easily identified every feature.
 Then, in course of eliciting all that one could learn about the
 affair, I gathered the following, which, for the sake of conciseness,
 I set out below:

 Camera used: "The Midg" quarter-plate. Plates: Imperial Rapid.

 Fairies photo: July 1917. Day brilliantly hot and sunny. About 3 p.m.
 Distance: 4 feet. Time: 1-50th second.

 Gnome photo: September 1917. Day bright, but not as above. About 4
 o'clock. Distance: 8 feet. Time: 1-50th second.

        *       *       *       *       *

 I. was sixteen years old; her cousin A. was ten years. Other
 photographs were attempted but proved partial failures, and plates
 were not kept.

 _Colouring_: The palest of green, pink, mauve. Much more in the
 wings than in the bodies, which are very pale to white. The gnome is
 described as seeming to be in black tights, reddish-brown jersey, and
 red pointed cap. He was swinging his pipes, holding them in his left
 hand and was just stepping up on to I.'s knee when A. snapped him.

 A., the visiting cousin, went away soon after, and I. says they must
 be together to "take photographs." Fortunately they will meet in a few
 weeks' time, and they promise me to try to get some more. I. added
 she would very much like to send me one of a fairy flying.

 Mr. C.'s testimony was clear and decisive. His daughter had pleaded to
 be allowed to use the camera. At first he demurred, but ultimately,
 after dinner one Saturday, he put just one plate in the Midg and gave
 it to the girls. They returned in less than an hour and begged him to
 develop the plate as I. had "taken a photograph." He did so, with, to
 him, the bewildering result shown in the print of the fairies!

 Mrs. C. says she remembers quite well that the girls were only away
 from the house a short time before they brought the camera back.

 Extraordinary and amazing as these photographs may appear, I am
 now quite convinced of their entire genuineness, as indeed would
 everyone else be who had the same evidence of transparent honesty and
 simplicity that I had. I am adding nothing by way of explanations
 or theories of my own, though the need for two people, preferably
 children, is fairly obvious for photography, in order to assist in
 the strengthening of the etheric bodies. Beyond this I prefer to leave
 the above statement as a plain, unvarnished narrative of my connection
 with the incidents.

 I need only add that no attempt appears ever to have been made by the
 family to make these photographs public, and whatever has been done in
 that direction locally has not been pressed by any of them, nor has
 there been any money payment in connection with them.

                                                     EDWARD L. GARDNER.

I may add as a footnote to Mr. Gardner's report that the girl informed
him in conversation that she had no power of any sort over the actions
of the fairies, and that the way to "'tice them," as she called it,
was to sit passively with her mind quietly turned in that direction;
then, when faint stirrings or movements in the distance heralded their
presence, to beckon towards them and show that they were welcome. It
was Iris who pointed out the pipes of the gnome, which we had both
taken as being the markings of the moth-like under-wing. She added
that if there was not too much rustling in the wood it was possible
to hear the very faint and high sound of the pipes. To the objections
of photographers that the fairy figures show quite different shadows
to those of the human our answer is that ectoplasm, as the etheric
protoplasm has been named, has a faint luminosity of its own, which
would largely modify shadows.

To the very clear and, as I think, entirely convincing report of Mr.
Gardner's, let me add the exact words which Mr. Snelling, the expert
photographer, allows us to use. Mr. Snelling has shown great strength
of mind, and rendered signal service to psychic study, by taking a
strong line, and putting his professional reputation as an expert upon
the scales. He has had a varied connection of over thirty years with
the Autotype Company and Illingworth's large photographic factory, and
has himself turned out some beautiful work of every kind of natural
and artificial studio studies. He laughs at the idea that any expert
in England could deceive him with a faked photograph. "These two
negatives," he says, "are entirely genuine, unfaked photographs of
single exposure, open-air work, show movement in the fairy figures,
and there is no trace whatever of studio work involving card or paper
models, dark backgrounds, painted figures, etc. In my opinion, they are
both straight untouched pictures."

A second independent opinion is equally clear as to the genuine
character of the photographs, founded upon a large experience of
practical photography.

There is our case, fortified by pictures of the places which the
unhappy critic has declared to be theatrical properties. How well we
know that type of critic in all our psychic work, though it is not
always possible to at once show his absurdity to other people.

I will now make a few comments upon the two pictures, which I have
studied long and earnestly with a high-power lens.

One fact of interest is this presence of a double pipe--the very sort
which the ancients associated with fauns and naiads--in each picture.
But if pipes, why not everything else? Does it not suggest a complete
range of utensils and instruments for their own life? Their clothing
is substantial enough. It seems to me that with fuller knowledge and
with fresh means of vision these people are destined to become just as
solid and real as the Eskimos. There is an ornamental rim to the pipe
of the elves which shows that the graces of art are not unknown among
them. And what joy is in the complete abandon of their little graceful
figures as they let themselves go in the dance! They may have their
shadows and trials as we have, but at least there is a great gladness
manifest in this demonstration of their life.

A second general observation is that the elves are a compound of the
human and the butterfly, while the gnome has more of the moth. This may
be merely the result of under-exposure of the negative and dullness
of the weather. Perhaps the little gnome is really of the same tribe,
but represents an elderly male, while the elves are romping young
women. Most observers of fairy life have reported, however, that there
are separate species, varying very much in size, appearance, and
locality--the wood fairy, the water fairy, the fairy of the plains, etc.

Can these be thought-forms? The fact that they are so like our
conventional idea of fairies is in favour of the idea. But if they move
rapidly, have musical instruments, and so forth, then it is impossible
to talk of "thought-forms," a term which suggests something vague and
intangible. In a sense we are all thought-forms, since we can only
be perceived through the senses, but these little figures would seem
to have an objective reality, as we have ourselves, even if their
vibrations should prove to be such that it takes either psychic power
or a sensitive plate to record them. If they are conventional it may
be that fairies have really been seen in every generation, and so some
correct description of them has been retained.

There is one point of Mr. Gardner's investigation which should be
mentioned. It had come to our knowledge that Iris could draw, and had
actually at one time done some designs for a jeweller. This naturally
demanded caution, though the girl's own frank nature is, I understand,
a sufficient guarantee for those who know her. Mr. Gardner, however,
tested her powers of drawing, and found that, while she could do
landscapes cleverly, the fairy figures which she had attempted in
imitation of those she had seen were entirely uninspired, and bore no
possible resemblance to those in the photograph. Another point which
may be commended to the careful critic with a strong lens is that the
apparent pencilled face at the side of the figure on the right is
really only the edge of her hair, and not, as might appear, a drawn
profile.

I must confess that after months of thought I am unable to get the
true bearings of this event. One or two consequences are obvious. The
experiences of children will be taken more seriously. Cameras will be
forthcoming. Other well-authenticated cases will come along. These
little folk who appear to be our neighbours, with only some small
difference of vibration to separate us, will become familiar. The
thought of them, even when unseen, will add a charm to every brook
and valley and give romantic interest to every country walk. The
recognition of their existence will jolt the material twentieth-century
mind out of its heavy ruts in the mud, and will make it admit that
there is a glamour and a mystery to life. Having discovered this, the
world will not find it so difficult to accept that spiritual message
supported by physical facts which has already been so convincingly put
before it. All this I see, but there may be much more. When Columbus
knelt in prayer upon the edge of America, what prophetic eye saw all
that a new continent might do to affect the destinies of the world?
We also seem to be on the edge of a new continent, separated not by
oceans but by subtle and surmountable psychic conditions. I look at the
prospect with awe. May those little creatures suffer from the contact
and some Las Casas bewail their ruin! If so, it would be an evil day
when the world defined their existence. But there is a guiding hand in
the affairs of man, and we can but trust and follow.




CHAPTER III

RECEPTION OF THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPHS


Though I was out of England at the time, I was able, even in Australia,
to realize that the appearance of the first photographs in the _Strand
Magazine_ had caused very great interest. The press comments were as
a rule cautious but not unsympathetic. The old cry of "Fake!" was
less conspicuous than I had expected, but for some years the press
has been slowly widening its views upon psychic matters, and is not
so inclined as of old to attribute every new manifestation to fraud.
Some of the Yorkshire papers had made elaborate inquiries, and I am
told that photographers for a considerable radius from the house were
cross-questioned to find if they were accomplices. _Truth_, which
is obsessed by the idea that the whole spiritualistic movement and
everything connected with it is one huge, senseless conspiracy to
deceive, concocted by knaves and accepted by fools, had the usual
contemptuous and contemptible articles, which ended by a prayer to
Elsie that she should finish her fun and let the public know how
it really was done. The best of the critical attacks was in the
_Westminster Gazette_, who sent a special commissioner to unravel
the mystery, and published the result on January 12, 1921. By kind
permission I reproduce the article:

  DO FAIRIES EXIST?

  INVESTIGATION IN A YORKSHIRE VALLEY

  COTTINGLEY'S MYSTERY

  STORY OF THE GIRL WHO TOOK THE SNAPSHOT


 The publication of photographs of fairies--or, to be more explicit,
 one photograph of fairies and another of a gnome--playing round
 children has aroused considerable interest, not only in Yorkshire,
 where the beings are said to exist, but throughout the country.

 The story, mysterious as it was when first told, became even more
 enigmatical by reason of the fact that Sir A. Conan Doyle made use
 of fictitious names in his narrative in the _Strand Magazine_ in
 order, as he says, to prevent the lives of the people concerned being
 interrupted by callers and correspondence. That he has failed to do. I
 am afraid Sir Conan does not know Yorkshire people, particularly those
 of the dales, because any attempt to hide identity immediately arouses
 their suspicions, if it does not go so far as to condemn the writer
 for his lack of frankness.

 It is not surprising, therefore, that his story is accepted with
 reserve. Each person to whom I spoke of the subject during my brief
 sojourn in Yorkshire dismissed the matter curtly as being untrue. It
 has been the principal topic of conversation for weeks, mainly because
 identity had been discovered.

 My mission to Yorkshire was to secure evidence, if possible, which
 would prove or disprove the claim that fairies existed. I frankly
 confess that I failed.

 The particular fairyland is a picturesque little spot off the beaten
 track, two or three miles from Bingley. Here is a small village called
 Cottingley, almost hidden in a break in the upland, through which
 tumbles a tiny stream, known as Cottingley Beck, on its way to the
 Aire, less than a mile away. The "heroine" of Sir Conan Doyle's story
 is Miss Elsie Wright,[1] who resides with her parents at 31 Lynwood
 Terrace. The little stream runs past the back of the house, and the
 photographs were taken not more than a hundred yards away. When Miss
 Wright made the acquaintance of the fairies she was accompanied by her
 cousin, Frances Griffiths, who resides at Dean Road, Scarborough.

 One photograph, taken by Miss Wright in the summer of 1917, when she
 was sixteen, shows her cousin, then a child of ten, with a group of
 four fairies dancing in the air before her, and in the other, taken
 some months afterwards, Elsie, seated on the grass, has a quaint
 gnome dancing beside her.

 There are certain facts which stand out clearly and which none of the
 evidence I was able to obtain could shake. No other people have seen
 the fairies, though everybody in the little village knew of their
 alleged existence; when Elsie took the photograph she was unacquainted
 with the use of a camera, and succeeded at the first attempt; the
 girls did not invite a third person to see the wonderful visitors, and
 no attempt was made to make the discovery public.

 First I interviewed Mrs. Wright, who, without hesitation, narrated
 the whole of the circumstances without adding any comment. The girls,
 she said, would spend the whole of the day in the narrow valley, even
 taking their lunch with them, though they were within a stone's throw
 of the house. Elsie was not robust, and did not work during the summer
 months, so that she could derive as much benefit as possible from
 playing in the open. She had often talked about seeing the fairies,
 but her parents considered it was nothing more than childish fancy,
 and let it pass. Mr. Wright came into possession of a small camera in
 1917, and one Saturday afternoon yielded to the persistent entreaties
 of his daughter and allowed her to take it out. He placed one plate in
 position, and explained to her how to take a "snap." The children went
 away in high glee and returned in less than an hour, requesting Mr.
 Wright to develop the plate. While this was being done Elsie noticed
 that the fairies were beginning to show, and exclaimed in an excited
 tone to her cousin, "Oh, Frances, the fairies are on the plate!" The
 second photograph was equally successful, and a few prints from each
 plate were given to friends as curiosities about a year ago. They
 evidently attracted little notice until one was shown to some of the
 delegates at a Theosophical Congress in Harrogate last summer.

 [Illustration: ELSIE SEATED ON THE BANK ON WHICH THE FAIRIES WERE
 DANCING IN 1917 (PHOTO 1920)]

 [Illustration: THE FALL OF WATER JUST ABOVE THE SITE OF LAST
 PHOTOGRAPH]

 [Illustration: C. FRANCES AND THE LEAPING FAIRY

 Photograph taken by Elsie in August, 1920. "Cameo" camera. Distance. 3
 ft. Time. 1/50th sec. This negative and two following (D and E) have
 been as strictly examined as the earlier ones, and similarly disclose
 no trace of being other than perfectly genuine photographs. Also they
 proved to have been taken from the packet given them, each plate
 having been privately marked unknown to the girls.]

 Mrs. Wright certainly gave me the impression that she had no desire
 to keep anything back, and answered my questions quite frankly. She
 told me that Elsie had always been a truthful girl, and there were
 neighbours who accepted the story of the fairies simply on the
 strength of their knowledge of her. I asked about Elsie's career, and
 her mother said that after she left school she worked a few months
 for a photographer in Manningham Lane, Bradford, but did not care for
 running errands most of the day. The only other work she did there was
 "spotting." Neither occupation was likely to teach a fourteen-year-old
 girl how to "fake" a plate. From there she went to a jeweller's shop,
 but her stay there was not prolonged. For many months immediately
 prior to taking the first photograph she was at home and did not
 associate with anyone who possessed a camera.

 At that time her father knew little of photography, "only what he had
 picked up by dodging about with the camera," as he put it, and any
 suggestion that he had faked the plate must be dismissed.

 When he came home from the neighbouring mill, and was told the nature
 of my errand, he said he was "fed up" with the whole business, and had
 nothing else to tell. However, he detailed the story I had already
 heard from his wife, agreeing in every particular, and Elsie's
 account, given to me in Bradford, added nothing. Thus I had the
 information from the three members of the family at different times,
 and without variation. The parents confessed they had some difficulty
 in accepting the photographs as genuine and even questioned the girls
 as to how they faked them. The children persisted in their story, and
 denied any act of dishonesty. Then they "let it go at that." Even now
 their belief in the existence of the fairies is merely an acceptance
 of the statements of their daughter and her cousin.

 I ascertained that Elsie was described by her late schoolmaster as
 being "dreamy," and her mother said that anything imaginative appealed
 to her. As to whether she could have drawn the fairies when she was
 sixteen I am doubtful. Lately she has taken up water-colour drawing,
 and her work, which I carefully examined, does not reveal that ability
 in a marked degree, though she possesses a remarkable knowledge of
 colour for an untrained artist.

 Sir A. Conan Doyle says that at first he was not convinced that the
 fairies were not thought-forms conjured up by the imagination or
 expectation of the seers. Mr. E. L. Gardner, a member of the Executive
 Committee of the Theosophical Society, who made an investigation on
 the spot and also interviewed all the members of the family, records
 his opinion that the photographs are genuine.

 Later in the day I went to Bradford, and at Sharpe's Christmas Card
 Manufactory saw Miss Wright. She was working in an upper room, and at
 first refused to see me, sending a message to the effect that she did
 not desire to be interviewed. A second request was successful, and she
 appeared at a small counter at the entrance to the works.

 She is a tall, slim girl, with a wealth of auburn hair, through which
 a narrow gold band, circling her head, was entwined.

 Like her parents, she just said she had nothing to say about the
 photographs, and, singularly enough, used the same expression as her
 father and mother--"I am 'fed up' with the thing."

 She gradually became communicative, and told me how she came to take
 the first photograph.

 Asked where the fairies came from, she replied that she did not know.

 "Did you see them come?" I asked; and on receiving an affirmative
 reply, suggested that she must have noticed where they came from.

 Miss Wright hesitated, and laughingly answered, "I can't say." She was
 equally at a loss to explain where they went after dancing near her,
 and was embarrassed when I pressed for a fuller explanation. Two or
 three questions went unanswered, and my suggestion that they must have
 "simply vanished into the air" drew the monosyllabic reply, "Yes."
 They did not speak to her, she said, nor did she speak to them.

 When she had been with her cousin she had often seen them before. They
 were only kiddies when they first saw them, she remarked, and did not
 tell anybody.

 "But," I went on, "it is natural to expect that a child, seeing
 fairies for the first time, would tell its mother." Her answer was
 to repeat that she did not tell anybody. The first occasion on which
 fairies were seen, it transpired, was in 1915.

 In reply to further questions, Miss Wright said she had seen them
 since, and had photographed them, and the plates were in the
 possession of Mr. Gardner. Even after several prints of the first lot
 of fairies had been given to friends, she did not inform anybody that
 she had seen them again. The fact that nobody else in the village
 had seen them gave her no surprise. She firmly believed that she and
 her cousin were the only persons who had been so fortunate, and was
 equally convinced that nobody else would be. "If anybody else were
 there," she said, "the fairies would not come out."

 Further questions put with the object of eliciting a reason for that
 statement were only answered with smiles and a final significant
 remark, "You don't understand."

 Miss Wright still believes in the existence of the fairies, and is
 looking forward to seeing them again in the coming summer.

 The fairies of Cottingley, as they appeared to the two girls, are
 fine-weather elves, as Miss Wright said they appeared only when it
 was bright and sunny; never when the weather was dull or wet.

 The strangest part of the girl's story was her statement that in
 their more recent appearances the fairies were more "transparent"
 than in 1916 and 1917, when they were "rather hard." Then she added
 the qualification, "You see, we were young then." This she did not
 amplify, though pressed to do so.

 The hitherto obscure village promises to be the scene of many
 pilgrimages during the coming summer. There is an old saying in
 Yorkshire: "Ah'll believe what Ah see," which is still maintained as a
 valuable maxim.

The general tone of this article makes it clear that the Commissioner
would very naturally have been well pleased to effect a _coup_ by
showing up the whole concern. He was, however, a fair-minded and
intelligent man, and has easily exchanged the rôle of Counsel for the
Prosecution to that of a tolerant judge. It will be observed that
he brought out no new fact which had not already appeared in my
article, save the interesting point that this was absolutely the first
photograph which the children had ever taken in their lives. Is it
conceivable that under such circumstances they could have produced a
picture which was fraudulent and yet defied the examination of so many
experts? Granting the honesty of the father, which no one has ever
impugned, Elsie could only have done it by cut-out images, which must
have been of exquisite beauty, of many different models, fashioned and
kept without the knowledge of her parents, and capable of giving the
impression of motion when carefully examined by an expert. Surely this
is a large order!

In the _Westminster_ article it is clear that the writer has not had
much acquaintance with psychic research. His surprise that a young
girl should not know whence appearances come or whither they go,
when they are psychic forms materializing in her own peculiar aura,
does not seem reasonable. It is a familiar fact also that psychic
phenomena are always more active in warm sunny weather than in damp
or cold. Finally, the girl's remark that the shapes were getting more
diaphanous was a very suggestive one, for it is with childhood that
certain forms of mediumship are associated, and there is always the
tendency that, as the child becomes the woman, and as the mind becomes
more sophisticated and commonplace, the phase will pass. The refining
process can be observed in the second series of pictures, especially in
the little figure which is holding out the flower. We fear that it has
now completed itself, and that we shall have no more demonstrations of
fairy life from this particular source.

One line of attack upon the genuine character of the photographs was
the production of a fake, and the argument: "There, you see how good
that is, and yet it is an admitted fake. How can you be sure that yours
are not so also?" The fallacy of this reasoning lay in the fact that
these imitations were done by skilled performers, while the originals
were by untrained children. It is a repetition of the stale and rotten
argument by which the world has been befooled so long, that because
a conjurer under his own conditions can imitate certain effects,
therefore the effects themselves never existed.

It must be admitted that some of these attempts were very well done,
though none of them passed the scrutiny of Mr. Gardner or myself. The
best of them was by a lady photographer connected with the Bradford
Institute, Miss Ina Inman, whose production was so good that it caused
us for some weeks to regard it with an open mind. There was also a
weird but effective arrangement by Judge Docker, of Australia. In the
case of Miss Inman's elves, clever as they were, there was nothing
of the natural grace and freedom of movement which characterize the
wonderful Cottingley fairy group.

Among the more remarkable comments in the press was one from Mr. George
A. Wade in the London _Evening News_ of December 8, 1920. It told of a
curious sequence of events in Yorkshire, and ran as follows:

 "Are there real fairies in the land to-day? The question has been
 raised by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and there have been submitted
 photographs which purport to be those of actual 'little people.'

 "Experiences which have come within my own knowledge may help to throw
 a little light on this question as to whether there are real fairies,
 actual elves and gnomes, yet to be met with in the dales of Yorkshire,
 where the photographs are asserted to have been taken.

 "Whilst spending a day last year with my friend, Mr. Halliwell
 Sutcliffe, the well-known novelist, who lives in that district,
 he told me, to my intense surprise, that he personally knew a
 schoolmaster not far from his home who had again and again insisted
 that he had seen, talked with, and had played with real fairies in
 some meadows not far away! The novelist mentioned this to me as an
 actual curious fact, for which he, himself, had no explanation. But he
 said that the man was one whose education, personality, and character
 made him worthy of credence--a man not likely to harbour a delusion or
 to wish to deceive others.

 "Whilst in the same district I was informed by a man whom I knew to be
 thoroughly reliable that a young lady living in Skipton had mentioned
 to him more than once that she often went up to ---- (a spot in the
 dales the name of which he gave) to 'play and dance with the fairies!'
 When he expressed astonishment at the statement she repeated it, and
 averred that it was really true!

 "In chatting about the matter with my friend, Mr. William Riley,
 the author of _Windyridge_, _Netherleigh_, and _Jerry and Ben_, a
 writer who knows the Yorkshire moors and dales intimately, Mr. Riley
 asserted that though he had never seen actual fairies there, yet he
 knew several trustworthy moorland people whose belief in them was
 unshakable and who persisted against all contradiction that they
 themselves had many times seen pixies at certain favoured spots in
 Upper Airedale and Wharfedale.

 "When some time later an article of mine anent these things was
 published in a Yorkshire newspaper, there came a letter from a
 lady at a distance who stated that the account confirmed a strange
 experience which she had when on holiday in the same dale up above
 Skipton.

 "She stated that one evening, when walking alone on the higher portion
 of a slope of the hills, to her intense astonishment she saw in a
 meadow close below her fairies and sprites playing and dancing in
 large numbers. She imagined that she must be dreaming, or under some
 hallucination, so she pinched herself and rubbed her eyes to make sure
 that she was really awake. Convinced of this, she looked again, and
 still unmistakably saw the 'little people.' She gave a full account of
 how they played, of the long time she watched them, and how at length
 they vanished. Without a doubt she was convinced of the truth of her
 statement.

 "What can we make of it all? My own mind is open, but it is difficult
 to believe that so many persons, unknown to one another, should have
 conspired to state what is false. It is a remarkable coincidence, if
 nothing more, that the girls in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's account, the
 schoolmaster mentioned by Mr. Sutcliffe, the young woman who came
 from Skipton, and the lady who wrote to the Yorkshire newspaper should
 all put the spot where the fairies are to be seen almost within a mile
 or two of one another.

 "Are there real fairies to be met with there?"

The most severe attack upon the fairy pictures seems to have been
that of Major Hall-Edwards, the famous authority upon radium, in the
_Birmingham Weekly Post_. He said:

 "Sir Arthur Conan Doyle takes it for granted that these photographs
 are real photographs of fairies, notwithstanding the fact that no
 evidence has so far been put forward to show exactly how they were
 produced. Anyone who has studied the extraordinary effects which have
 from time to time been obtained by cinema operators must be aware that
 it is possible, given time and opportunity, to produce by means of
 faked photographs almost anything that can be imagined.

 "It is well to point out that the elder of the two girls has been
 described by her mother as a most imaginative child, who has been
 in the habit of drawing fairies for years, and who for a time was
 apprenticed to a firm of photographers. In addition to this she has
 access to some of the most beautiful dales and valleys, where the
 imagination of a young person is easily quickened.

 "One of the pictures represents the younger child leaning on her
 elbow upon a bank, while a number of fairies are shown dancing around
 her. The child does not look at the fairies, but is posing for the
 photograph in the ordinary way. The reason given for her apparent
 disinterestedness in the frolicsome elves is that she is used to the
 fairies, and was merely interested in the camera.

 "The picture in question could be 'faked' in two ways. Either the
 little figures of the fairies were stuck upon a cardboard, cut out and
 placed close to the sitter, when, of course, she would not be able
 to see them, and the whole photograph produced on a marked plate; or
 the original photograph, without 'fairies,' may have had stuck on it
 the figures of fairies cut from some publication. This would then be
 rephotographed, and, if well done, no photographer could swear that
 the second negative was not the original one.

 "Major Hall-Edwards went on to remark that great weight had been
 placed upon the fact that the fairies in the photograph had
 transparent wings, but that a tricky photographer could very easily
 reproduce such an effect.

 "'It is quite possible,' he observed, 'to cut off the transparent
 wings of insects and paste them on a picture of fairies. It is easy
 to add the transparent wings of large flies and so arrange them that
 portions of the photograph can be viewed through the wings and thus
 obtain a very realistic effect.'

 "It has been pointed out that although the 'fairies' are represented
 as if they were dancing--in fact they are definitely stated to be
 dancing--there is no evidence of movement in the photographs. An
 explanation of this has been given by the photographer herself, who
 has told us that the movements of the fairies are exceedingly slow
 and might be compared to the retarded-movement films shown in the
 cinemas. This proves that the young lady possesses a very considerable
 knowledge of photography.

 "Millions of photographs have been taken by operators of different
 ages--children and grown-ups--of country scenes and places which, we
 have been taught, are the habitats of nymphs and elves; yet until
 the arrival upon the scene of these two wonderful children the image
 of a fairy has never been produced on a photographic plate. On the
 evidence I have no hesitation in saying that these photographs could
 have been 'faked.' I criticize the attitude of those who declared
 there is something supernatural in the circumstances attending the
 taking of these pictures because, as a medical man, I believe that
 the inculcation of such absurd ideas into the minds of children will
 result in later life in manifestations of nervous disorder and mental
 disturbances. Surely young children can be brought up to appreciate
 the beauties of Nature without their imagination being filled with
 exaggerated, if picturesque, nonsense and misplaced sentiment."

[Illustration: D. FAIRY OFFERING POSY OF HARE-BELLS TO ELSIE

The fairy is standing almost still, poised on the bush leaves. The
wings are shot with yellow, and upper part of dress is very pale pink.]

[Illustration: E. FAIRIES AND THEIR SUN-BATH

This contains a feature that was quite unknown to the girls. The sheath
or cocoon appearing in the midst of the grasses had never been seen
by them before, and they had no idea what it was. Fairy lovers and
observers describe it as a magnetic bath, woven very quickly by the
fairies, and used after dull weather and in the autumn especially.]

To this Mr. Gardner answered:

 "Major Hall-Edwards says 'no evidence has been put forward to show
 how they were produced.' The least a would-be critic should do is
 surely to read the report of the case. Sir A. Conan Doyle is asserted
 to have taken it 'for granted that these photographs are real and
 genuine.' It would be difficult to misrepresent the case more
 completely. The negatives and contact prints were submitted to the
 most searching tests known to photographic science by experts, many
 of whom were frankly sceptical. They emerged as being unquestionably
 single-exposure plates and, further, as bearing no evidence whatever
 in themselves of any trace of the innumerable faking devices known.
 This did not clear them entirely, for, as I have always remarked in
 my description of the investigation, it is held possible by employing
 highly artistic and skilled processes to produce similar negatives.
 Personally, I should very much like to see this attempted seriously.
 The few that have been done, though very much better than the crude
 examples Major Hall-Edwards submits, break down hopelessly on simple
 analysis.

 "The case resolved itself at an early stage into the examination of
 the personal element and the motive for faked work. It was this that
 occupied us so strenuously, for we fully realized the imperative
 need of overwhelmingly satisfying proof of personal integrity before
 accepting the photographs as genuine. This was carried through, and
 its thoroughness may be estimated by the fact that, notwithstanding
 the searching nature of the investigation that has followed the
 publication of the village, names, etc., nothing even modifies my
 first report. I need hardly point out that the strength of the case
 lies in its amazing simplicity and the integrity of the family
 concerned. It is on the photographic plus the personal evidence that
 the case stands.

 "Into part of the criticism advanced by Major Hall-Edwards it will
 be kinder, perhaps, not to enter. Seriously to suggest that a
 visit to a cinema show and the use of an apt illustration implies
 'a very considerable knowledge of photography' is on a par with the
 supposition that to be employed as an errand girl and help in a shop
 indicates a high degree of skill in that profession! We are not quite
 so credulous as that, nor were we able to believe that two children,
 alone and unaided, could produce in half an hour a faked photograph of
 the type of 'Alice and the Fairies.'"

In addition to this criticism by Major Hall-Edwards there came an
attack in _John o' London_ from the distinguished writer Mr. Maurice
Hewlett, who raises some objections which were answered in Mr.
Gardner's subsequent reply. Mr. Hewlett's contention was as follows:

 "The stage which Sir A. Conan Doyle has reached at present is one
 of belief in the genuineness of what one may call the Carpenter
 photographs, which showed the other day to the readers of the _Strand
 Magazine_ two ordinary girls in familiar intercourse with winged
 beings, as near as I can judge, about eighteen inches high. If he
 believes in the photographs two inferences can be made, so to speak,
 to stand up: one, that he must believe also in the existence of the
 beings; two, that a mechanical operation, where human agency has done
 nothing but prepare a plate, focus an object, press a button, and
 print a picture, has rendered visible something which is not otherwise
 visible to the common naked eye. That is really all Sir Arthur has to
 tell us. He believes the photographs to be genuine. The rest follows.
 But why does he believe it? Because the young ladies tell him that
 they are genuine. Alas!

 "Sir Arthur cannot, he tells us, go into Yorkshire himself to
 cross-examine the young ladies, even if he wishes to cross-examine
 them, which does not appear. However, he sends in his place a friend,
 Mr. E. L. Gardner, also of hospitable mind, with settled opinions
 upon theosophy and kindred subjects, but deficient, it would seem, in
 logical faculty. Mr. Gardner has himself photographed in the place
 where the young ladies photographed each other, or thereabouts. No
 winged beings circled about him, and one wonders why Mr. Gardner (_a_)
 was photographed, (_b_) reproduced the photograph in the _Strand
 Magazine_.

 "The only answer I can find is suggested to me by the appearance
 of the Virgin and Child to certain shepherds in a peach-orchard at
 Verona. The shepherds told their parish priest that the Virgin Mary
 had indeed appeared to them on a moonlit night, had accepted a bowl
 of milk from them, had then picked a peach from one of the trees and
 eaten it. The priest visited the spot in their company, and in due
 course picked up a peach-stone. That settled it. Obviously the Madonna
 had been really there, for here was the peach-stone to prove it.

 "I am driven to the conclusion that Mr. Gardner had himself
 photographed on a particular spot in order to prove the genuineness
 of former photographs taken there. The argument would run: The
 photographs were taken on a certain spot; but I have been myself
 photographed on that spot; therefore the photographs were genuine.
 There is a fallacy lurking, but it is a hospitable fallacy; and
 luckily it doesn't very much matter.

 "The line to take about a question of the sort is undoubtedly that
 of least resistance. Which is the harder of belief, the faking of
 a photograph or the objective existence of winged beings eighteen
 inches high? Undoubtedly, to a plain man, the latter; but assume the
 former. If such beings exist, if they are occasionally visible, and
 if a camera is capable of revealing to all the world what is hidden
 from most people in it, we are not yet able to say that the Carpenter
 photographs are photographs of such beings. For we, observe, have not
 seen such beings. True: but we have all seen photographs of beings in
 rapid motion--horses racing, greyhounds coursing a hare, men running
 over a field, and so on. We have seen pictures of these things, and we
 have seen photographs of them; and the odd thing is that never, never
 by any chance does the photograph of a running object in the least
 resemble a picture of it.

 "The horse, dog, or man, in fact, in the photograph does not look to
 be in motion at all. And rightly so, because in the instant of being
 photographed _it was not in motion_. So infinitely rapid is the action
 of light on the plate that it is possible to isolate a fraction of
 time in a rapid flight and to record it. Directly you combine a series
 of photographs in sequence, and set them moving, you have a semblance
 of motion exactly like that which you have in a picture.

 "Now, the beings circling round a girl's head and shoulders in the
 Carpenter photograph are in _picture flight_, and not in photographic
 flight. That is certain. They are in the approved pictorial, or
 plastic, convention of dancing. They are not well rendered by any
 means. They are stiff compared with, let us say, the whirling gnomes
 on the outside wrapper of _Punch_. They have very little of the wild,
 irresponsible vagary of a butterfly. But they are an attempt to render
 an aerial dance--pretty enough in a small way. The photographs are too
 small to enable me to decide whether they are painted on cardboard or
 modelled in the round; _but the figures are not moving_.

 "One other point, which may be called a small one--but in a matter
 of the sort no point is a small one. I regard it as a certainty, as
 the other plainly is. If the dancing figures had been dancing beings,
 really there, the child in the photograph would have been looking at
 them, not at the camera. I know children.

 "And knowing children, and knowing that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has
 legs, I decide that the Miss Carpenters have pulled one of them.
 Meantime I suggest to him that epochs are born, not made."

To which Mr. Gardner replied in the following issue:

 "I could have wished that Mr. Maurice Hewlett's somewhat playful
 criticism of the genuineness of the photographs of fairies appearing
 in the _Strand Magazine_ Christmas number had been more clearly
 defined. The only serious point raised is the difference between
 photographic and pictorial representation of motion--Mr. Hewlett
 maintaining that the latter is in evidence in the photographs.

 "With regard to the separate photographs of the sites, surely the
 reason for their inclusion is obvious. Photographic experts had
 stated that though the two negatives revealed no trace of any faking
 process (such as double exposure, painted figures on enlargements
 rephotographed, set-up models in card or other material), still
 it could not be held to be impossible to obtain the same class of
 result by very clever studio work. Also, certain points that needed
 elucidation were the haze above and at the side of the child's
 head, and the blurred appearance of the waterfall as compared with
 the clarity of the figures, etc. An inspection of the spots and
 photographs of their surroundings was surely the only way to clear up
 some of these. As a matter of fact, the waterfall proved to be about
 twenty feet behind the child, and hence out of focus, and some large
 rocks at the same distance in the rear, at the side of the fall, were
 found to be the cause of the haziness. The separate photographs,
 of which only one is published of each place, confirm entirely the
 genuineness of the sites--not the genuineness of the fairies.

 "In commenting on the photography of a moving object, Mr. Hewlett
 makes the astonishing statement that at the instant of being
 photographed _it is not in motion_ (Mr. H.'s italics). I wonder when
 it is, and what would happen if a camera was exposed then! Of course
 the moving object is in motion during exposure, no matter whether the
 time be a fiftieth or a millionth part of a second, though Mr. Hewlett
 is by no means the only one to fall into this error. And each of the
 fairy figures in the negative discloses signs of movement. This was
 one of the first points determined.

 "I admit at once, of course, that this does not meet the criticism
 that the fairies display much more grace in action than is to be found
 in the ordinary snapshot of a moving horse or man. But if we are here
 dealing with fairies whose bodies must be presumed to be of a purely
 ethereal and plastic nature, and not with skeleton-framed mammals at
 all, is it such a very illogical mind that accepts the exquisite grace
 therein found as a natural quality that is never absent? In view of
 the overwhelming evidence of genuineness now in hand this seems to be
 the truth.

 "With regard to the last query raised--the child looking at the
 camera instead of at the fairies--Alice was entirely unsophisticated
 respecting the proper photographic attitude. For her, cameras were
 much more novel than fairies, and never before had she seen one used
 so close to her. Strange to us as it may seem, at the moment it
 interested her the most. Apropos, would a faker, clever enough to
 produce such a photograph, commit the elementary blunder of not posing
 his subject?"

Among other interesting and weighty opinions, which were in general
agreement with our contentions, was one by Mr. H. A. Staddon of
Goodmayes, a gentleman who had made a particular hobby of fakes in
photography. His report is too long and too technical for inclusion,
but, under the various headings of composition, dress, development,
density, lighting, poise, texture, plate, atmosphere, focus, halation,
he goes very completely into the evidence, coming to the final
conclusion that when tried by all these tests the chances are not less
than 80 per cent. in favour of authenticity.

It may be added that in the course of exhibiting these photographs
(in the interests of the Theosophical bodies with which Mr. Gardner
is connected), it has sometimes occurred that the plates have been
enormously magnified upon the screen. In one instance, at Wakefield,
the powerful lantern used threw an exceptionally large picture on
a huge sheet. The operator, a very intelligent man who had taken
a sceptical attitude, was entirely converted to the truth of the
photographs, for, as he pointed out, such an enlargement would show the
least trace of a scissors irregularity or of any artificial detail,
and would make it absurd to suppose that a dummy figure could remain
undetected. The lines were always beautifully fine and unbroken.




CHAPTER IV

THE SECOND SERIES


When Mr. Gardner was in Yorkshire in July, he left a good camera with
Elsie, for he learned that her cousin Frances was about to visit her
again and that there would be a chance of more photographs. One of our
difficulties has been that the associated aura of the two girls is
needful. This joining of auras to produce a stronger effect than either
can get singly is common enough in psychic matters. We wished to make
full use of the combined power of the girls in August. My last words
to Mr. Gardner, therefore, before starting for Australia were that I
should open no letter more eagerly than that which would tell me the
result of our new venture. In my heart I hardly expected success, for
three years had passed, and I was well aware that the processes of
puberty are often fatal to psychic power.

I was surprised, therefore, as well as delighted, when I had his letter
at Melbourne, informing me of complete success and enclosing three
more wonderful prints, all taken in the fairy glen. Any doubts which
had remained in my mind as to honesty were completely overcome, for
it was clear that these pictures, specially the one of the fairies
in the bush, were altogether beyond the possibility of fake. Even
now, however, having a wide experience of transference of pictures
in psychic photography and the effect of thought upon ectoplasmic
images, I feel that there is a possible alternative explanation in
this direction, and I have never quite lost sight of the fact that it
is a curious coincidence that so unique an event should have happened
in a family some members of which were already inclined to occult
study, and might be imagined to have formed thought-pictures of occult
appearances. Such suppositions, though not to be entirely dismissed,
are, as it seems to me, far-fetched and remote.

Here is the joyous letter which reached me at Melbourne:

                                                   _September 6, 1920._

  MY DEAR DOYLE,

 Greetings and best wishes! Your last words to me before we parted were
 that you would open my letter with the greatest interest. You will not
 be disappointed--for the wonderful thing has happened!

 I have received from Elsie three more negatives taken a few days
 back. I need not describe them, for enclosed are the three prints in
 a separate envelope. The "Flying Fairy" and the "Fairies' Bower" are
 the most amazing that any modern eye has ever seen surely! I received
 these plates on Friday morning last and have since been thinking
 furiously.

 A nice little letter came with them saying how sorry they were
 (!) that they couldn't send more, but the weather had been bad
 (it has been abominably cold), and on only two afternoons had
 Elsie and Frances been able to visit the glen. (Frances has now
 returned to Scarborough at the call of school.) All quite simple and
 straightforward and concluding with the hope that I might be able to
 spend another day with them at the end of this month.

 I went over to Harrow at once, and Snelling without hesitation
 pronounced the three as bearing the same proofs of genuineness as the
 first two, declaring further that at any rate the "bower" one was
 utterly beyond any possibility of faking! While on this point I might
 add that to-day I have interviewed Illingworth's people and somewhat
 to my surprise they endorsed this view. (Now if you have not yet
 opened the envelope please do so and I will continue....)

 I am going to Yorkshire on the 23rd inst. to fill some lecture
 engagements and shall spend a day at C., and of course take photos of
 these spots and examine and take away any "spoilt" negatives that will
 serve as useful accompaniments. The bower negative, by the way, the
 girls simply could not understand at all. They saw the sedate-looking
 fairy to the right, and without waiting to get in the picture Elsie
 pushed the camera close up to the tall grasses and took the snap....

To this letter I made answer as follows:

                                         _Melbourne, October 21, 1920._

  DEAR GARDNER,

 My heart was gladdened when out here in far Australia I had your
 note and the three wonderful prints which are confirmatory of our
 published results. You and I needed no confirmation, but the whole
 line of thought will be so novel to the ordinary busy man who has not
 followed psychic inquiry, that he will need that it be repeated again
 and yet again before he realizes that this new order of life is really
 established and has to be taken into serious account, just as the
 pigmies of Central Africa.

 I felt guilty when I laid a delay-action mine and left the country,
 leaving you to face the consequences of the explosion. You knew,
 however, that it was unavoidable. I rejoice now that you should have
 this complete shield against those attacks which will very likely take
 the form of a clamour for further pictures, unaware that such pictures
 actually exist.

 The matter does not bear directly upon the more vital question of our
 own fate and that of those we have lost, which has brought me out
 here. But anything which extends man's mental horizon, and proves to
 him that matter as we have known it is not really the limit of our
 universe, must have a good effect in breaking down materialism and
 leading human thought to a broader and more spiritual level.

 It almost seems to me that those wise entities who are conducting
 this campaign from the other side, and using some of us as humble
 instruments, have recoiled before that sullen stupidity against
 which Goethe said the gods themselves fight in vain, and have opened
 up an entirely new line of advance, which will turn that so-called
 "religious," and essentially irreligious, position, which has helped
 to bar our way. They can't destroy fairies by antediluvian texts, and
 when once fairies are admitted other psychic phenomena will find a
 more ready acceptance.

 Good-bye, my dear Gardner, I am proud to have been associated with
 you in this epoch-making incident. We have had continued messages
 at seances for some time that a visible sign was coming through--and
 perhaps this was what is meant. The human race does not deserve fresh
 evidence, since it has not troubled, as a rule, to examine that which
 already exists. However, our friends beyond are very long-suffering
 and more charitable than I, for I will confess that my soul is filled
 with a cold contempt for the muddle-headed indifference and the moral
 cowardice which I see around me.

                                                       Yours sincerely,
                                                    ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE.

The next letters from Mr. Gardner told me that in September,
immediately after this second series was taken, he had gone north
again, and came away more convinced than ever of the honesty of the
whole Wright family and of the genuine nature of the photographs. From
this letter I take the following extracts:

 "My visit to Yorkshire was very profitable. I spent the whole day with
 the family and took photographs of the new sites, which proved to be
 in close proximity to the others. I enclose a few prints of these. It
 was beside the pond shown that the 'cradle' or bower photograph was
 taken. The fairy that is in the air was leaping rather than flying.
 It had leapt up from the bush below five or six times, Elsie said,
 and seemed to hover at the top of its spring. It was about the fifth
 time that it did so that she snapped the shutter. Unfortunately,
 Frances thought the fairy was leaping on to her face, the action was
 so vigorous, and tossed her head back. The motion can be detected in
 the print. The fairy who is looking at Elsie in the other photograph
 is holding a bunch of fairy harebells. I thought this one had 'bobbed'
 hair and was altogether quite in the fashion, her dress is so
 up-to-date! But Elsie says her hair was close-curled, not bobbed. With
 regard to the 'cradle' Elsie tells me they both saw the fairy on the
 right and the demure-looking sprite on the left, but not the bower.
 Or rather, she says there was only a wreath of faint mist in between
 and she could make nothing of it. We have now succeeded in bringing
 this print out splendidly, and as I can get certificates from experts
 giving the opinion that this negative could not possibly be 'faked' we
 seem to be on perfectly safe ground. The exposure times in each case
 were one-fiftieth of a second, the distance about three to four feet,
 the camera was the selected 'Cameo' that I had sent to Elsie, and the
 plates were of those that I had sent too.

 "The colours of dresses and wings, etc., I have complete, but will
 post these particulars on when writing at length a little later and
 have the above more fully written out." ...

                                                   _November 27, 1920._

 "The photographs:

 "When I was in Yorkshire in September investigating the second
 series, I took photos of the spots, of course, and the full account
 of the success. The children only had two brief hours or so of decent
 sunshine during the whole of that fortnight they were together in
 August. On the Thursday they took two and on the Saturday one. If
 it had been normal weather we might have obtained a score or more.
 Possibly, however, it is better to go slowly--though I propose we
 take the matter further again in May or June. The camera I had sent
 was the one used, and also the plates (which had all been marked
 privately by the Illingworth Co., independently of me). The three new
 fairy negatives proved to be of these and can be certified so to be by
 the manager. The Cradle or Bower negative is, as I think I told you,
 declared to be utterly unfakeable, and I can get statements to this
 effect...."

In a subsequent fuller account Mr. Gardner says:

 "On Thursday afternoon, August 26, a fairly bright and sunny day,
 fortunately (for the unseasonably cold weather experienced generally
 could hardly have been worse for the task), a number of photographs
 were taken, and again on Saturday, August 28. The three reproduced
 here are the most striking and amazing of the number. I only wish
 every reader could see the superlatively beautiful enlargements
 made directly from the actual negatives. The exquisite grace of
 the flying fairy baffles description--all fairies, indeed, seem to
 be super-Pavlovas in miniature. The next, of the fairy offering
 a flower--an etheric harebell--to Iris, is a model of gentle and
 dignified pose, but it is to the third that I would draw special and
 detailed attention. Never before, or otherwhere, surely, has a fairy's
 bower been photographed!

 "The central ethereal cocoon shape, something between a cocoon and
 an open chrysalis in appearance, lightly suspended amid the grasses,
 is the bower or cradle. Seated on the upper left-hand edge with wing
 well displayed is an undraped fairy apparently considering whether
 it is time to get up. An earlier riser of more mature age is seen on
 the right possessing abundant hair and wonderful wings. Her slightly
 denser body can be glimpsed within her fairy dress. Just beyond, still
 on the right, is the clear-cut head of a mischievous but smiling elf
 wearing a close-fitting cap. On the extreme left is a demure-looking
 sprite, with a pair of very diaphanous wings, while just above,
 rather badly out of focus, however, is another with wings still widely
 extended, and with outspread arms, apparently just alighting on the
 grass tops. The face in half profile can just be traced in a very
 clear and carefully toned print that I have. Altogether, perhaps,
 this of the bower is the most astonishing and interesting of the more
 successful photographs, though some may prefer the marvellous grace of
 the flying figure.

 "The comparative lack of definition in this photograph is probably
 accounted for by the absence of the much denser human element. To
 introduce us in this way directly to a charming bower of the fairies
 was quite an unexpected result on the part of the girls, by the way.
 They saw the somewhat sedate fairy on the right in the long grasses,
 and, making no attempt this time to get in the picture themselves,
 Iris put the camera very close up and obtained the snap. It was simply
 good fortune that the bower was close by. In showing me the negative,
 Iris only remarked it as being a quaint little picture that she could
 not make out!"

There the matter stands, and nothing has occurred from that time
onwards to shake the validity of the photographs. We were naturally
desirous of obtaining more, and in August 1921 the girls were brought
together once again, and the very best photographic equipment,
including a stereoscopic camera and a cinema camera, were placed at
their disposal. The Fates, however, were most unkind, and a combination
of circumstances stood in the way of success. There was only a
fortnight during which Frances could be at Cottingley, and it was a
fortnight of almost incessant rain, the long drought breaking at the
end of July in Yorkshire. In addition, a small seam of coal had been
found in the Fairy Glen, and it had been greatly polluted by human
magnetism. These conditions might perhaps have been overcome, but the
chief impediment of all was the change in the girls, the one through
womanhood and the other through board-school education.

There was one development, however, which is worth recording. Although
they were unable to materialize the images to such an extent as to
catch them upon a plate, the girls had not lost their clairvoyant
powers, and were able, as of old, to see the sprites and elves which
still abounded in the glen. The sceptic will naturally say that we
have only their own word for that, but this is not so. Mr. Gardner had
a friend, whom I will call Mr. Sergeant, who held a commission in the
Tank Corps in the war, and is an honourable gentleman with neither the
will to deceive nor any conceivable object in doing so. This gentleman
has long had the enviable gift of clairvoyance in a very high degree,
and it occurred to Mr. Gardner that we might use him as a check upon
the statements of the girls. With great good humour, he sacrificed
a week of his scanty holiday--for he is a hard-worked man--in this
curious manner. But the results seem to have amply repaid him. I have
before me his reports, which are in the form of notes made as he
actually watched the phenomena recorded. The weather was, as stated,
bad on the whole, though clearing occasionally. Seated with the
girls, he saw all that they saw, and more, for his powers proved to be
considerably greater. Having distinguished a psychic object, he would
point in the direction and ask them for a description, which he always
obtained correctly within the limit of their powers. The whole glen,
according to his account, was swarming with many forms of elemental
life, and he saw not only wood elves, gnomes, and goblins, but the
rarer undines, floating over the stream. I take a long extract from his
rather disjointed notes, which may form a separate chapter.




CHAPTER V

OBSERVATIONS OF A CLAIRVOYANT IN THE COTTINGLEY GLEN, AUGUST 1921


_Gnomes and Fairies._ In the field we saw figures about the size of
the gnome. They were making weird faces and grotesque contortions at
the group. One in particular took great delight in knocking his knees
together. These forms appeared to Elsie singly--one dissolving and
another appearing in its place. I, however, saw them in a group with
one figure more prominently visible than the rest. Elsie saw also
a gnome like the one in the photograph, but not so bright and not
coloured. I saw a group of female figures playing a game, somewhat
resembling the children's game of oranges and lemons. They played in
a ring; the game resembled the grand chain in the Lancers. One fairy
stood in the centre of the ring more or less motionless, while the
remainder, who appeared to be decked with flowers and to show colours,
not normally their own, danced round her. Some joined hands and made an
archway for the others, who moved in and out as in a maze. I noticed
that the result of the game appeared to be the forming of a vortex
of force which streamed upwards to an apparent distance of four or
five feet above the ground. I also noticed that in those parts of the
field where the grass was thicker and darker, there appeared to be a
correspondingly extra activity among the fairy creatures.

_Water Nymph._ In the beck itself, near the large rock, at a slight
fall in the water, I saw a water sprite. It was an entirely nude female
figure with long fair hair, which it appeared to be combing or passing
through its fingers. I was not sure whether it had any feet or not. Its
form was of a dazzling rosy whiteness, and its face very beautiful.
The arms, which were long and graceful, were moved with a wave-like
motion. It sometimes appeared to be singing, though no sound was heard.
It was in a kind of cave, formed by a projecting piece of rock and
some moss. Apparently it had no wings, and it moved with a sinuous,
almost snake-like motion, in a semi-horizontal position. Its atmosphere
and feeling was quite different from that of the fairies. It showed no
consciousness of my presence, and, though I waited with the camera in
the hope of taking it, it did not detach itself from the surroundings
in which it was in some way merged.

_Wood Elves._ (Under the old beeches in the wood, Cottingley, August
12, 1921.) Two tiny wood elves came racing over the ground past us as
we sat on a fallen tree trunk. Seeing us, they pulled up short about
five feet away, and stood regarding us with considerable amusement but
no fear. They appeared as if completely covered in a tight-fitting
one-piece skin, which shone slightly as if wet. They had hands and feet
large and out of proportion to their bodies. Their legs were somewhat
thin, ears large and pointed upwards, being almost pear-shaped. There
were a large number of these figures racing about the ground. Their
noses appeared almost pointed and their mouths wide. No teeth and no
structure inside the mouth, not even a tongue, so far as I could see.
It was as if the whole were made up of a piece of jelly. Surrounding
them, as an etheric double surrounds a physical form, is a greenish
light, something like chemical vapour. As Frances came up and sat
within a foot of them they withdrew, as if in alarm, a distance of
eight feet or so, where they remained apparently regarding us and
comparing notes of their impressions. These two live in the roots of
a huge beech tree--they disappeared through a crevice into which they
walked (as one might walk into a cave) and sank below the ground.

_Water Fairy._ (August 14, 1921.) By a small waterfall, which threw
up a fine spray, was seen poised in the spray a diminutive fairy
form of an exceedingly tenuous nature. It appeared to have two main
colourings, the upper part of its body and aura being pale violet, the
lower portion pale pink. This colouring appeared to penetrate right
through aura and denser body, the outline of the latter merging into
the former. This creature hung poised, its body curved gracefully
backwards, its left arm held high above its head, as if upheld by the
vital force in the spray, much as a seagull supports itself against
the wind. It was as if lying on its back in a curved position against
the flow of the stream. It was human in shape, but did not show any
characteristics of sex. It remained motionless in this position for
some moments, then flashed out of view. I did not notice any wings.

_Fairy, Elves, Gnomes, and Brownie._ (Sunday, August 14, 9 p.m. In the
field.) Lovely still moonlight evening. The field appears to be densely
populated with native spirits of various kinds--a brownie, fairies,
elves, and gnomes.

_A Brownie._ He is rather taller than the normal, say eight inches,
dressed entirely in brown with facings of a darker shade, bag-shaped
cap, almost conical, knee breeches, stockings, thin ankles, and large
pointed feet--like gnomes' feet. He stands facing us, in no way afraid,
perfectly friendly and much interested; he gazes wide-eyed upon us
with a curious expression as of dawning intellect. It is as if he were
reaching after something just beyond his mental grasp. He looks behind
him at a group of fairies who are approaching us and moves to one side
as if to make way. His mental attitude is semi-dreamlike, as of a child
who would say "I can stand and watch this all day without being tired."
He clearly sees much of our auras and is strongly affected by our
emanations.

_Fairies._ Frances sees tiny fairies dancing in a circle, the figures
gradually expanding in size till they reached eighteen inches, the
ring widening in proportion. Elsie sees a vertical circle of dancing
fairies flying slowly round; as each one touched the grass he appeared
to perform a few quick steps and then continued his slow motion round
the circle. The fairies who are dancing have long skirts, through which
their limbs can be seen; viewed astrally the circle is bathed in golden
yellow light, with the outer edges of many hues, violet predominating.
The movement of the fairies is reminiscent of that of the great wheel
at Earl's Court. The fairies float very slowly, remaining motionless
as far as bodies and limbs are concerned, until they come round to the
ground again. There is a tinkling music accompanying all this. It
appears to have more of the aspect of a ceremony than a game. Frances
sees two fairy figures performing as if on the stage, one with wings,
one without. Their bodies shine with the effect of rippling water
in the sun. The fairy without wings has bent over backwards like a
contortionist till its head touches the ground, while the winged figure
bends over it. Frances sees a small Punch-like figure, with a kind of
Welsh hat, doing a kind of dancing by striking its heel on the ground
and at the same time raising his hat and bowing. Elsie sees a flower
fairy, like a carnation in shape, the head appearing where the stalk
touches the flower and the green sepals forming a tunic from which the
arms protrude, while the petals form a skirt, below which are rather
thin legs. It is tripping across the grass. Its colouring is pink like
a carnation in a pale, suffused sort of way. (Written by the light of
the moon.) I see couples a foot high, female and male, dancing in a
slow waltz-like motion in the middle of the field. They appear even to
reverse. They are clothed in etheric matter and rather ghost-like in
appearance. Their bodies are outlined with grey light and show little
detail.

Elsie sees a small imp reminiscent of a monkey, revolving slowly round
a stalk to the top of which he was clinging. He has an impish face and
is looking our way as if performing for our benefit.

The brownie appears during all this to have taken upon himself the
duties of showman. I see what may be described as a fairy fountain
about twenty feet ahead. It is caused by an uprush of fairy force from
the ground--and spreading fish-tail fashion higher into the air--it is
many-hued. This was also seen by Frances.

(Monday, August 15. In the field.) I saw three figures racing from the
field into the wood--the same figures previously seen in the wood. When
about a distance of ten yards from the wall they leapt over it into the
wood and disappeared. Elsie sees in centre of field a very beautiful
fairy figure, somewhat resembling a figure of Mercury, without winged
sandals, but has fairy wings. Nude, light curly hair, kneeling down
in a dark clump of grass, with its attention fixed on something in
the ground. It changes its position; first it is sitting back on its
heels, and then it is rising to its full kneeling height. Much larger
than usual, probably eighteen inches high. It waves its arms over some
object on the ground. It has picked up something from the ground (as I
think a baby) and holds it to its breast and seems to be praying. Has
Greek features and resembles a Greek statue--like a figure out of a
Greek tragedy.

(Tuesday, August 16, 10 p.m. In the field.) By the light of a small
photographic lamp.

_Fairies._ Elsie sees a circle of fairies tripping round, hands joined,
facing outwards. A figure appears in the centre of the ring, at the
same time the fairies faced inwards.

_Goblins._ A group of goblins came running towards us from the wood to
within fifteen feet of us. They differ somewhat from the wood elves,
having more the look of gnomes, though they are smaller, being about
the size of small brownies.

_Fairy._ Elsie sees a beautiful fairy quite near; it is nude, with
golden hair, and is kneeling in the grass, looking this way with
hands on knees, smiling at us. It has a very beautiful face, and is
concentrating its gaze on me. This figure came within five feet of us,
and, after being described, faded away.

_Elf._ Elsie sees a kind of elf who seems to be going so fast that
it blows his hair back; one can sense the wind round him, yet he is
stationary, though he looks to be busily hurrying along.

_Goblins._ Elsie sees a flight of little mannikins, imp-like in
appearance, descending slantwise on to the grass. They form into two
lines which cross each other as they come down. One line is coming
vertically down, feet touching head, the other comes across them
shoulder to shoulder. On reaching the ground they all run off in
different directions, all serious, as if intent upon some business.
The elves from the wood appear to be chiefly engaged in racing across
the field, though no other purpose appears to be served by their speed
or presence. Few of them pass near us without pulling up to stare. The
elves seem to be the most curious of all the fairy creatures. Frances
sees three and calls them goblins.

_Fairy._ A blue fairy. A fairy with wings and general colouring of
sea-blue and pale pink. The wings are webbed and marked in varying
colours like those of a butterfly. The form is perfectly modelled and
practically nude. A golden star shines in the hair. The fairy is a
director, though not apparently with any band for the present.

_Fairy Band._ There has suddenly arrived in the field a fairy director
with a band of fairy people. Their arrival causes a bright radiance
to shine in the field, visible to us sixty yards away. She is very
autocratic and definite in her orders, holding unquestioned command.
They spread themselves out into a gradually widening circle around
her, and as they do so, a soft glow spreads out over the grass. They
are actually vivifying and stimulating the growth in the field. This
is a moving band which arrives in this field swinging high over the
tree tops as if from a considerable distance. Inside a space of two
minutes the circle has spread to approximately twelve feet wide and is
wonderfully radiant with light. Each member of the band is connected
to the leader by a thin stream of light. These streams are of different
colour, though chiefly yellow, deepening to orange. They meet in the
centre, merging in her aura, and there is a constant flow backwards and
forwards among them. The form produced by this is something like an
inverted fruit dish, with the central fairy as the stem, and the lines
of light which flow in a graceful even curve forming the sides of the
bowl. This party is in intense activity, as if it had much to do and
little time in which to do it. The director is vivified and instructed
from within herself, and appears to have her consciousness seated upon
a more subtle plane than that upon which she is working.

_Fairy._ Elsie sees a tall and stately fairy come across the field to
a clump of harebells. It is carrying in its arms something which may
be a baby fairy, wrapped in gauzy substance. It lays this in the clump
of harebells and kneels down as though stroking something, and after a
time fades away. We catch impressions of four-footed creatures being
ridden by winged figures who are thin and bend over their mounts like
jockeys. It is no known animal which they bestride, having a face
something like that of a caterpillar.

Amongst this fairy activity which appears all over the field, one
glimpses an occasional gnome-like form walking with serious mien across
the field, whilst the wood elves and other imp-like forms run about
amongst their more seriously employed fairy kind. All three of us keep
seeing weird creatures as of elemental essence.

Elsie sees about a dozen fairies moving towards us in a crescent-shaped
flight. As they drew near she remarked with ecstasy upon their perfect
beauty of form--even while she did so they became as ugly as sin, as if
to give the lie to her words. They all leered at her and disappeared.
In this episode it may be that one contacts a phase of the antagonism
and dislike which so many of the fairy creatures feel for humans at
this stage of evolution.

Frances saw seven wee fairies quite near--weird little figures--lying
face downwards.

(In the Glen, 18th, 2 p.m.) Frances sees a fairy as big as herself,
clothed in tights and a garment scalloped round the hips; the whole is
tight-fitting and flesh-coloured; she has very large wings which she
opens above her head; then she raises her arms from her side up above
her head and waves them gracefully in the air. She has a very beautiful
face with an expression as if inviting Frances into Fairyland. Her hair
is apparently bobbed and her wings are transparent.

_Golden Fairy._ One specially beautiful one has a body clothed in
iridescent shimmering golden light. She has tall wings, each of which
is almost divided into upper and lower portions. The lower portion,
which is smaller than the upper, appears to be elongated to a point
like the wings of certain butterflies. She, too, is moving her arms
and fluttering her wings. I can only describe her as a golden wonder.
She smiles and clearly sees us. She places her finger on her lips. She
remains watching us with smiling countenance in amongst the leaves and
branches of the willow. She is not objectively visible on the physical
plane. She points with her right hand, moving it in a circle round her
feet, and I see a number, perhaps six or seven, cherubs (winged faces);
these appear to be held in shape by some invisible will. She has cast a
fairy spell over me completely subjugating the mental principle--leaves
me staring wild-eyed in amongst the leaves and flowers.

An elf-like creature runs up the slanting branch of the willow from the
ground where the fairy stands. He is not a very pleasant visitor--I
should describe him as distinctly low class.




CHAPTER VI

INDEPENDENT EVIDENCE FOR FAIRIES


By a curious coincidence, if it be indeed a coincidence, at the moment
when the evidence for the actual existence of fairies was brought to
my notice, I had just finished an article dealing with the subject, in
which I gave particulars of a number of cases where such creatures were
said to have been seen, and showed how very strong were the reasons
for supposing that some such forms of life exist. I now reproduce this
article, and I add to it another chapter containing fresh evidence
which reached me after the publication of the photographs in the
_Strand Magazine_.

       *       *       *       *       *

We are accustomed to the idea of amphibious creatures who may dwell
unseen and unknown in the depths of the waters, and then some day be
spied sunning themselves upon a sandbank, whence they slip into the
unseen once more. If such appearances were rare, and if it should so
happen that some saw them more clearly than others, then a very pretty
controversy would arise, for the sceptics would say, with every show of
reason, "Our experience is that only land creatures live on the land,
and we utterly refuse to believe in things which slip in and out of the
water; if you will demonstrate them to us we will begin to consider the
question." Faced by so reasonable an opposition, the others could only
mutter that they had seen them with their own eyes, but that they could
not command their movements. The sceptics would hold the field.

Something of the sort may exist in our psychic arrangements. One can
well imagine that there is a dividing line, like the water edge, this
line depending upon what we vaguely call a higher rate of vibrations.
Taking the vibration theory as a working hypothesis, one could conceive
that by raising or lowering the rate the creatures could move from
one side to the other of this line of material visibility, as the
tortoise moves from the water to the land, returning for refuge to
invisibility as the reptile scuttles back to the surf. This, of course,
is supposition, but intelligent supposition based on the available
evidence is the pioneer of science, and it may be that the actual
solution will be found in this direction. I am alluding now, not to
spirit return, where seventy years of close observation has given us
some sort of certain and definite laws, but rather to those fairy and
phantom phenomena which have been endorsed by so many ages, and still
even in these material days seem to break into some lives in the most
unexpected fashion.

Victorian science would have left the world hard and clean and bare,
like a landscape in the moon; but this science is in truth but a
little light in the darkness, and outside that limited circle of
definite knowledge we see the loom and shadow of gigantic and fantastic
possibilities around us, throwing themselves continually across our
consciousness in such ways that it is difficult to ignore them.

There is much curious evidence of varying value concerning these
borderland forms, which come or go either in fact or imagination--the
latter most frequently, no doubt. And yet there remains a residue
which, by all human standards, should point to occasional fact. Lest
I should be too diffuse, I limit myself in this essay to the fairies,
and passing all the age-long tradition, which is so universal and
consistent, come down to some modern instances which make one feel that
this world is very much more complex than we had imagined, and that
there may be upon its surface some very strange neighbours who will
open up inconceivable lines of science for our posterity, especially if
it should be made easier for them, by sympathy or other help, to emerge
from the deep and manifest upon the margin.

Taking a large number of cases which lie before me, there are two
points which are common to nearly all of them. One is that children
claim to see these creatures far more frequently than adults. This may
possibly come from greater sensitiveness of apprehension, or it may
depend upon these little entities having less fear of molestation
from the children. The other is, that more cases are recorded in which
they have been seen in the still, shimmering hours of a very hot day
than at any other time. "The action of the sun upon the brain," says
the sceptic. Possibly--and also possibly not. If it were a question of
raising the slower vibrations of our surroundings one could imagine
that still, silent heat would be the very condition which might favour
such a change. What is the mirage of the desert? What is that scene
of hills and lakes which a whole caravan can see while it faces in a
direction where for a thousand miles of desert there is neither hill
nor lake, nor any cloud or moisture to produce refraction? I can ask
the question, but I do not venture to give an answer. It is clearly a
phenomenon which is not to be confused with the erect or often inverted
image which is seen in a land of clouds and of moisture.

If the confidence of children can be gained and they are led to
speak freely, it is surprising how many claim to have seen fairies.
My younger family consists of two little boys and one small girl,
very truthful children, each of whom tells with detail the exact
circumstances and appearance of the creature. To each it happened only
once, and in each case it was a single little figure, twice in the
garden, once in the nursery. Inquiry among friends shows that many
children have had the same experience, but they close up at once when
met by ridicule and incredulity. Sometimes the shapes are unlike those
which they would have gathered from picture-books. "Fairies are like
nuts and moss," says one child in Lady Glenconner's charming study of
family life. My own children differ in the height of the creatures,
which may well vary, but in their dress they are certainly not unlike
the conventional idea, which, after all, may also be the true one.

[Illustration: A VIEW OF THE BECK IN 1921]

[Illustration: THE TWO GIRLS NEAR THE SPOT WHERE THE LEAPING FAIRY WAS
TAKEN IN 1920]

There are many people who have a recollection of these experiences
of their youth, and try afterwards to explain them away on material
grounds which do not seem adequate or reasonable. Thus in his
excellent book on folk-lore, the Rev. S. Baring-Gould gives us a
personal experience which illustrates several of the points already
mentioned. "In the year 1838," he says, "when I was a small boy of four
years old, we were driving to Montpelier on a hot summer day over the
long straight road that traverses a pebble-and-rubble-strewn plain, on
which grows nothing save a few aromatic herbs. I was sitting on the box
with my father when, to my great surprise, I saw legions of dwarfs of
about two feet high running along beside the horses; some sat laughing
on the pole, some were scrambling up the harness to get on the backs
of the horses. I remarked to my father what I saw, when he abruptly
stopped the carriage and put me inside beside my mother, where, the
conveyance being closed, I was out of the sun. The effect was that,
little by little, the host of imps diminished in number till they
disappeared altogether."

Here, certainly, the advocates of sunstroke have a strong, though by no
means a final, case. Mr. Baring-Gould's next illustration is a sounder
one.

"When my wife was a girl of fifteen," he says, "she was walking down a
lane in Yorkshire, between green hedges, when she saw seated in one of
the privet hedges a little green man, perfectly well made, who looked
at her with his beady black eyes. He was about a foot or fifteen inches
high. She was so frightened that she ran home. She remembers that it
was a summer day."

A girl of fifteen is old enough to be a good witness, and her flight
and the clear detail of her memory point to a real experience. Again we
have the suggestion of a hot day.

Baring-Gould has yet a third case. "One day a son of mine," he says,
"was sent into the garden to pick pea-pods for the cook to shell for
dinner. Presently he rushed into the house as white as chalk to say
that while he was thus engaged, and standing between the rows of peas,
he saw a little man wearing a red cap, a green jacket, and brown knee
breeches, whose face was old and wan, and who had a grey beard and eyes
as black and hard as sloes. He stared so intently at the boy that the
latter took to his heels."

Here, again, the pea-pods show that it was summer, and probably in the
heat of the day. Once again the detail is very exact and corresponds
closely, as I shall presently show, to some independent accounts. Mr.
Baring-Gould is inclined to put all these down to the heat conjuring
up the familiar pictures of fairy books, but some further evidence may
cause the reader to doubt this explanation.

Let us compare with these stories the very direct evidence of Mrs.
Violet Tweedale, whose courage in making public the result of her
own remarkable psychic faculties should meet with recognition from
every student of the subject. Our descendants will hardly realize the
difficulty which now exists of getting first-hand evidence with names
attached, for they will have outgrown the state when the cry of "fake"
and "fraud" and "dupe" is raised at once against any observer, however
honourable and moderate, by people who know little or nothing of the
subject. Mrs. Tweedale says:

 "I had a wonderful little experience some five years ago which
 proved to me the existence of fairies. One summer afternoon I was
 walking alone along the avenue of Lupton House, Devonshire. It was
 an absolutely still day--not a leaf moving, and all Nature seemed
 to sleep in the hot sunshine. A few yards in front of me my eye was
 attracted by the violent movements of a single long blade-like leaf
 of a wild iris. This leaf was swinging and bending energetically,
 while the rest of the plant was motionless. Expecting to see a
 field-mouse astride it, I stepped very softly up to it. What was my
 delight to see a tiny green man. He was about five inches long, and
 was swinging back-downwards. His tiny green feet, which appeared to be
 green-booted, were crossed over the leaf, and his hands, raised behind
 his head, also held the blade. I had a vision of a merry little face
 and something red in the form of a cap on the head. For a full minute
 he remained in view, swinging on the leaf. Then he vanished. Since
 then I have several times seen a single leaf moving violently while
 the rest of the plant remained motionless, but I have never again been
 able to see the cause of the movement."

Here the dress of the fairy, green jacket and red cap, is exactly the
same as was described independently by Baring-Gould's son, and again
we have the elements of heat and stillness. It may be fairly answered
that many artists have drawn the fairies in such a dress, and that the
colours may in this way have been impressed upon the minds of both
observers. In the bending iris we have something objective, however,
which cannot easily be explained away as a cerebral hallucination, and
the whole incident seems to me an impressive piece of evidence.

A lady with whom I have corresponded, Mrs. H., who is engaged in
organizing work of the most responsible kind, has had an experience
which resembles that of Mrs. Tweedale. "My only sight of a fairy," she
says, "was in a large wood in West Sussex, about nine years ago. He
was a little creature about half a foot high, dressed in leaves. The
remarkable thing about his face was that no soul looked through his
eyes. He was playing about in long grass and flowers in an open space."
Once again summer is indicated. The length and colour of the creature
correspond with Mrs. Tweedale's account, while the lack of soul in
the eyes may be compared with the "hard" eyes described by young
Baring-Gould.

One of the most gifted clairvoyants in England was the late Mr. Turvey,
of Bournemouth, whose book, _The Beginnings of Seership_, should be in
the library of every student. Mr. Lonsdale, of Bournemouth, is also a
well-known sensitive. The latter has given me the following account of
an incident which he observed some years ago in the presence of Mr.
Turvey.

"I was sitting," says Mr. Lonsdale, "in his company in his garden at
Branksome Park. We sat in a hut which had an open front looking on to
the lawn. We had been perfectly quiet for some time, neither talking
nor moving, as was often our habit. Suddenly I was conscious of a
movement on the edge of the lawn, which on that side went up to a grove
of pine trees. Looking closely, I saw several little figures dressed
in brown peering through the bushes. They remained quiet for a few
minutes and then disappeared. In a few seconds a dozen or more small
people, about two feet in height, in bright clothes and with radiant
faces, ran on to the lawn, dancing hither and thither. I glanced at
Turvey to see if he saw anything, and whispered, 'Do you see them?'
He nodded. These fairies played about, gradually approaching the hut.
One little fellow, bolder than the others, came to a croquet hoop
close to the hut and, using the hoop as a horizontal bar, turned round
and round it, much to our amusement. Some of the others watched him,
while others danced about, not in any set dance, but seemingly moving
in sheer joy. This continued for four or five minutes, when suddenly,
evidently in response to some signal or warning from those dressed in
brown, who had remained at the edge of the lawn, they all ran into the
wood. Just then a maid appeared coming from the house with tea. Never
was tea so unwelcome, as evidently its appearance was the cause of
the disappearance of our little visitors." Mr. Lonsdale adds, "I have
seen fairies several times in the New Forest, but never so clearly as
this." Here also the scene is laid in the heat of a summer day, and the
division of the fairies into two different sorts is remarkably borne
out by the general descriptions.

Knowing Mr. Lonsdale as I do to be a responsible, well-balanced, and
honourable man, I find such evidence as this very hard to put to one
side. Here at least the sunstroke hypothesis is negatived, since both
men sat in the shade of the hut and corroborated the observation of
the other. On the other hand, each of the men, like Mrs. Tweedale, was
supernormal in psychic development, so that it might well happen that
the maid, for example, would not have seen the fairies, even if she had
arrived earlier upon the scene.

I know a gentleman belonging to one of the learned professions whose
career as, let us say, a surgeon would not be helped if this article
were to connect him with fairy lore. As a matter of fact, in spite of
his solemn avocations and his practical and virile character, he seems
to be endowed with that faculty--let us call it the appreciation of
higher vibrations--which opens up so wonderful a door to its possessor.
He claims, or rather he admits, for he is reticent upon the subject,
that he has carried this power of perception on from childhood, and his
surprise is not so much at what he sees as at the failure of others to
see the same thing. To show that it is not subjective, he tells the
story that on one occasion, while traversing a field, he saw a little
creature which beckoned eagerly that he should follow. He did so, and
presently saw his guide pointing with an air of importance to the
ground. There, between the furrows, lay a flint arrow-head which he
carried home with him as a souvenir of the adventure.

Another friend of mine who claims to have the power of seeing fairies
is Mr. Tom Tyrrell, the famous medium, whose clairvoyance and general
psychic gifts are of the strongest character. I cannot easily forget
how one evening in a Yorkshire hotel a storm of raps, sounding very
much as if someone were cracking their fingers and thumb, broke out
around his head, and how with his coffee-cup in one hand he flapped
vigorously with the other to warn off his inopportune visitors. In
answer to my question about fairies he says, "Yes, I do see these
little pixies or fairies. I have seen them scores of times. But only
in the woods and when I do a little fasting. They are a very real
presence to me. What are they? I cannot say. I can never get nearer to
the beggars than four or five yards. They seem afraid of me, and then
scamper off up the trees like squirrels. I dare say if I were to go
in the woods oftener I would perhaps gain their confidence more. They
are certainly like human beings, only very small, say about twelve or
fifteen inches high. I have noticed they are brown in colour, with
fairly large heads and standing-up ears, out of proportion to the size
of their bodies, and bandy legs. I am speaking of what I see. I have
never come across any other clairvoyant who has seen them, though I
have read that many do so. Probably they have something to do with
Nature processes. The males have very short hair, and the females have
rather long, straight hair."

The idea that these little creatures are occupied in consciously
furthering Nature's projects--very much, I suppose, as the bee carries
pollen--is repeated by the learned Dr. Vanstone, who combines great
knowledge of theory with some considerable experience, though a high
development of intellect is, in spite of Swedenborg's example, a bar
to psychic perception. This would show, if it is correct, that we
may have to return to the classical conception of something in the
nature of naiads and fauns and spirits of the trees and groves. Dr.
Vanstone, whose experiences are on the borderland between what is
objective and what is sensed without being actually seen, writes to
me: "I have been distinctly aware of minute intelligent beings in
connection with the evolution of plant forces, particularly in certain
localities; for instance, in Ecclesbourne Glen. Pond life yields to me
the largest and best sense of fairy life, and not the floral world. I
may be only clothing my subjective consciousness with unreal objective
imaginations, but they are real to me as sentient, intelligent beings,
able to communicate with us in varying distinctness. I am inclined
to think that elemental beings are engaged, like factory hands, in
facilitating the operation of Nature's laws."

Another gentleman who claims to have this most remarkable gift is Mr.
Tom Charman, who builds for himself a shelter in the New Forest and
hunts for fairies as an entomologist would for butterflies. In answer
to my inquiries, he tells me that the power of vision came to him in
childhood, but left him for many years, varying in proportion with his
own nearness to Nature. According to this seer, the creatures are of
many sizes, varying from a few inches to several feet. They are male,
female, and children. He has not heard them utter sounds, but believes
that they do so, of finer quality than we can hear. They are visible
by night as well as by day, and show small lights about the same size
as glow-worms. They dress in all sorts of ways. Such is Mr. Charman's
account.

It is, of course, easy for us who respond only to the more material
vibrations to declare that all these seers are self-deluded, or are
the victims of some mental twist. It is difficult for them to defend
themselves from such a charge. It is, however, to be urged upon the
other side that these numerous testimonies come from people who are
very solid and practical and successful in the affairs of life. One
is a distinguished writer, another an ophthalmic authority, a third a
successful professional man, a fourth a lady engaged on public service,
and so on. To waive aside the evidence of such people on the ground
that it does not correspond with our own experience is an act of mental
arrogance which no wise man will commit.

It is interesting to compare these various contemporary and first-hand
accounts of the impressions which all these witnesses have received. I
have already pointed out that the higher vibrations which we associate
with hot sunshine, and which we actually seem to see in the shimmer of
noontide, is associated with many of the episodes. Apart from this it
must be admitted that the evidence is on the whole irregular. We have
creatures described which range from five inches to two and a half
feet. An advocate of the fairies might say that, since the tradition
has always been that they procreate as human beings do, we are dealing
with them in every stage of growth, which accounts for the varying
size.

It seems to me, however, that a better case could be made out if it
were pleaded that there have always been many different races of
fairyland, and that samples of these races may greatly differ from
each other, and may inhabit varying spots; so that an observer like
Mr. Tyrrell, for example, may always have seen woodland elves, which
bear no resemblance to gnomes or goblins. The monkey-like, brown-clad
creatures of my professional friend, which were over two feet high,
compare very closely with the creatures which little Baring-Gould saw
climbing on to the horses. In both cases these taller fairies were
reported from flat, plain-like locations; while the little old-man
type varies completely from the dancing little feminine elf so beloved
by Shakespeare. In the experience of Mr. Turvey and Mr. Lonsdale, two
different types engaged in different tasks were actually seen at the
same moment, the one being bright-coloured dancing elves, while the
other were the brown-coloured attendants who guarded them.

The claim that the fairy rings so often seen in meadow or marshland
are caused by the beat of fairy feet is certainly untenable, as
they unquestionably come from fungi such as _Agaricus gambosus_ or
_Marasmius oreades_, which grow from a centre, continually deserting
the exhausted ground, and spreading to that which is fresh. In this
way a complete circle is formed, which may be quite small or may be
of twelve-foot diameter. These circles appear just as often in woods
from the same cause, but are smothered over by the decayed leaves
among which the fungi grow. But though the fairies most certainly do
not produce the rings, it might be asserted, and could not be denied,
that the rings once formed, whatever their cause, would offer a very
charming course for a circular ring-a-ring dance. Certainly from all
time these circles have been associated with the gambols of the little
people.

After these modern instances one is inclined to read with a little more
gravity the account which our ancestors gave of these creatures; for,
however fanciful in parts, it still may have had some core of truth.
I say "our ancestors," but as a matter of fact there are shepherds
on the South Downs to this day who will throw a bit of their bread
and cheese over their shoulders at dinner-time for the little folks
to consume. All over the United Kingdom, and especially in Wales and
Ireland, the belief is largely held among those folks who are nearest
to Nature. First of all it was always supposed that they lived within
the earth. This was natural enough, since a sudden disappearance of a
solid body could only be understood in that way. On the whole, their
description was not grotesque, and fits easily into its place amid the
examples already given. "They were of small stature," says one Welsh
authority, quoted in Mrs. Lewes's _Stranger than Fiction_, "towards
two feet in height, and their horses of the size of hares. Their
clothes were generally white, but on certain occasions they have been
seen dressed in green. Their gait was lively, and ardent and loving
was their glance.... They were peaceful and kindly among themselves,
diverting in their tricks, and charming in their walk and dancing."
This mention of horses is somewhat out of the picture, but all the
rest seems corroborative of what has already been stated.

[Illustration: THE PHOTOGRAPH FROM CANADA]

One of the best of the ancient accounts is that of the Rev. R. Kirk,
who occupied a parish at Monteith, on the edge of the Highlands, and
wrote a pamphlet called _The Secret Commonwealth_, about the year 1680.
He had very clear and definite ideas about these little creatures, and
he was by no means a visionary, but a man of considerable parts, who
was chosen afterwards to translate the Bible into Erse. His information
about fairies tallies very well with that of the Welshman quoted
above. He slips up in imagining that flint arrow-heads are indeed
"fairy-bolts," but otherwise his contentions agree very well with
our modern instances. They have tribes and orders, according to this
Scottish clergyman. They eat. They converse in a thin, whistling sort
of language. They have children, deaths, and burials. They are fond
of frolic dancing. They have a regular state and polity, with rulers,
laws, quarrels, and even battles. They are irresponsible creatures, not
hostile to the human race unless they have reason to be angry, but
even inclined to be helpful, since some of them, the brownies, are, by
universal tradition, ready to aid in the household work if the family
has known how to engage their affection.

An exactly similar account comes from Ireland, though the little folk
seem to have imbibed the spirit of the island to the extent of being
more mercurial and irascible. There are many cases on record where they
are claimed to have shown their power, and to have taken revenge for
some slight. In the _Larne Reporter_ of March 31, 1866, as quoted in
_True Irish Ghost Stories_, there is an account of how a stone which
the fairies claimed having been built into a house, the inhabitants
were bombarded with stones by invisible assailants by day and night,
the missiles hurting no one, but causing great annoyance. These stories
of stone-throwing are so common, and present such similar well-attested
features in cases coming from every part of the world, that they may be
accepted as a recognized preternatural phenomenon, whether it be the
fairies or some other form of mischievous psychic force which caused
the bombardment. The volume already quoted gives another remarkable
case, where a farmer, having built a house upon what was really a fairy
right-of-way between two "raths" or fairy mounds, was exposed to such
persecution by noises and other disturbances that his family was at
last driven out, and had to take refuge in the smaller house which they
had previously occupied. This story is narrated by a correspondent
from Wexford, who says that he examined the facts himself, examined
the deserted house, cross-examined the owner, and satisfied himself
that there were two raths in the vicinity, and that the house was in a
dead-line between them.

I have particulars of a case in West Sussex which is analogous, and
which I have been able to trace to the very lady to whom it happened.
This lady desired to make a rock-garden, and for this purpose got some
large boulders from a field hard by, which had always been known as the
pixie stones, and built them into her new rockery. One summer evening
this lady saw a tiny grey woman sitting on one of the boulders. The
little creature slipped away when she knew that she had been observed.
Several times she appeared upon the stones. Later the people in the
village asked if the stones might be moved back to the field, "as,"
they said, "they are the pixie stones, and if they are removed from
their place, misfortunes will happen to the village." The stones were
restored.

But supposing that they actually do exist, what _are_ these creatures?
That is a subject upon which we can speculate only with more or less
plausibility. Mr. David Gow, editor of _Light_, and a considerable
authority upon psychic matters, had first formed the opinion that they
were simply ordinary human spirits, seen, as it were, at the wrong
end of a clairvoyant telescope, and therefore very minute. A study of
the detailed accounts of their varied experience caused him to alter
his view, and to conclude that they are really life forms which have
developed along some separate line of evolution, and which for some
morphological reason have assumed human shape in the strange way in
which Nature reproduces her types like the figures on the mandrake
root or the frost ferns upon the window.

In a remarkable book, _A Wanderer in the Spirit Lands_, published in
1896, the author, Mr. Farnese, under inspiration gives an account of
many mysteries, including that of fairies. What he says fits in very
closely with the facts that have been put forward, and goes beyond
them. He says, speaking of elementals: "Some are in appearance like the
gnomes and elves who are said to inhabit mountain caverns. Such, too,
are the fairies whom men have seen in lonely and secluded places. Some
of these beings are of a very low order of life, almost like the higher
order of plants, save that they possess independent motion. Others are
very lively and full of grotesque, unmeaning tricks.... As nations
advance and grow more spiritual these lower forms of life die out from
the astral plane of that earth's sphere, and succeeding generations
begin at first to doubt and then to deny that they ever had any
existence." This is one plausible way of explaining the disappearance
of the faun, the dryad, the naiad, and all the creatures which are
alluded to with such familiarity in the classics of Greece and Rome.

One may well ask what connection has this fairy-lore with the general
scheme of psychic philosophy? The connection is slight and indirect,
consisting only in the fact that anything which widens our conceptions
of the possible, and shakes us out of our time-rutted lines of
thought, helps us to regain our elasticity of mind, and thus to be
more open to new philosophies. The fairy question is infinitely small
and unimportant compared to the question of our own fate and that of
the whole human race. The evidence also is very much less impressive,
though, as I trust I have shown, it is not entirely negligible. These
creatures are in any case remote from us, and their existence is of
little more real importance than that of strange animals or plants.
At the same time, the perennial mystery why so many "flowers are born
to blush unseen," and why Nature should be so lavish with gifts which
human beings cannot use, would be solved if we understood that there
were other orders of being which used the same earth and shared its
blessings. It is at the lowest an interesting speculation which gives
an added charm to the silence of the woods and the wilderness of the
moorland.




CHAPTER VII

SOME SUBSEQUENT CASES


From the foregoing chapter it will be clear that there was a good deal
of evidence which cannot easily be brushed aside as to the existence of
these little creatures before the discovery of the photographs. These
various witnesses have nothing to gain by their testimony, and it is
not tainted by any mercenary consideration. The same remark applies to
a number of cases which were communicated to me after the appearance of
the articles in the _Strand_. One or two were more or less ingenious
practical jokes, but from the others I have selected some which appear
to be altogether reliable.

The gentleman whom I have already quoted under the name of
Lancaster--he who was so doubtful as to the validity of the
photographs--is himself a seer. He says:

 "Personally I should describe fairies as being about 2 feet 6 inches
 to 3 feet in height, and dressed in duffle brown clothes. The nearest
 approach I can get to them is to say that they are spiritual monkeys.
 They have the active brains of monkeys, and their general instinct
 is to avoid mankind, but they are capable individually of becoming
 extremely attached to humans--or a human--but at any time they may
 bite you, like a monkey, and repent immediately afterwards. They
 have thousands of years of collective experience, call it 'inherited
 memory' if you like, but no reasoning faculties. They are just Peter
 Pans--children who never grow up.

 "I remember asking one of our spirit group how one could get into
 touch with the brownies. He replied that when you could go into the
 woods and call the brown rabbits to you the other brownies will also
 come to you. Speaking generally, I should imagine that anyone who has
 had any truck with fairies must have obeyed the scriptural injunction
 to 'become as a little child,' i.e. he or she must be either simple or
 a Buddha."

This last phrase is a striking one, and it is curiously confirmed
by a gentleman named Matthews, writing on January 3, 1921, from San
Antonio, Texas. He declared that his three daughters, now married
women, could all see fairies before the age of puberty, but never after
it. The fairies said to them: "We are not of the human evolution.
Very few humans have ever visited us. Only old souls well advanced in
evolution or in a state of sex innocence can come to us." This repeats
independently the idea of Mr. Lancaster.

These children seem to have gone into a trance state before they found
themselves in the country of the fairies--a country of intelligent
beings, very small, 12 to 18 inches high. According to their accounts,
they were invited to attend banquets or celebrations, excursions on
beautiful lakes, etc. Each child was able to entrance instantly. This
they always did when they visited Fairyland, but when the fairies came
to them, which was generally in the twilight, they sat in chairs in
normal state watching them dance. The father adds: "My own children
learned in this way to dance, so that at local entertainments
audiences were delighted, though they never knew from what source they
learned."

My correspondent does not say whether there is a marked difference
between the European and the American type of fairy. No doubt, if
these results are confirmed and followed up, there will be an exact
classification in the future. If Bishop Leadbeater's clairvoyance
can be trusted, there is, as will afterwards be shown, a very clear
distinction between the elemental life of various countries, as well as
many varieties in each particular country.

One remarkable first-hand case of seeing fairies came from the Rev.
Arnold J. Holmes. He wrote:

 "Being brought up in the Isle of Man one breathed the atmosphere of
 superstition (if you like to call it), the simple, beautiful faith
 of the Manx fisher folk, the childlike trust of the Manx girls, who
 to this day will not forget the bit of wood and coal put ready at
 the side of the fireplace in case the 'little people' call and need
 a fire. A good husband is the ultimate reward, and neglect in this
 respect a bad husband or no husband at all. The startling phenomena
 occurred on my journey home from Peel Town at night to St. Mark's
 (where I was Incumbent).

 "After passing Sir Hall Caine's beautiful residence, Greeba Castle, my
 horse--a spirited one--suddenly stopped dead, and looking ahead I saw
 amid the obscure light and misty moonbeams what appeared to be a small
 army of indistinct figures--very small, clad in gossamer garments.
 They appeared to be perfectly happy, scampering and tripping along
 the road, having come from the direction of the beautiful sylvan glen
 of Greeba and St. Trinian's Roofless Church. The legend is that it
 has ever been the fairies' haunt, and when an attempt has been made
 on two occasions to put a roof on, the fairies have removed all the
 work during the night, and for a century no further attempts have been
 made. It has therefore been left to the 'little people' who claimed it
 as their own.

 "I watched spellbound, my horse half mad with fear. The little happy
 army then turned in the direction of Witch's Hill, and mounted a
 mossy bank; one 'little man' of larger stature than the rest, about
 14 inches high, stood at attention until all had passed him dancing,
 singing, with happy abandon, across the Valley fields towards St.
 John's Mount."

The wide distribution of the fairies may be judged by the following
extremely interesting narrative from Mrs. Hardy, the wife of a settler
in the Maori districts of New Zealand:

 "After reading about what others have seen I am encouraged to give
 you an experience of my own, which happened about five years ago.
 Will you please excuse my mentioning a few domestic details connected
 with the story? Our home is built on the top of a ridge. The ground
 was levelled for some distance to allow for sites for the house,
 buildings, lawns, etc. The ground on either side slopes steeply down
 to an orchard on the left, and shrubbery and paddock on the right,
 bounded by the main road. One evening when it was getting dusk I went
 into the yard to hang the tea-towels on the clothes-line. As I stepped
 off the verandah, I heard a sound of soft galloping coming from the
 direction of the orchard. I thought I must be mistaken, and that the
 sound came from the road, where the Maoris often gallop their horses.
 I crossed the yard to get the pegs, and heard the galloping coming
 nearer. I walked to the clothes-line, and stood under it with my
 arms uplifted to peg the towel on the line, when I was aware of the
 galloping close behind me, and suddenly a little figure, riding a tiny
 pony, rode right under my uplifted arms. I looked round, to see that I
 was surrounded by eight or ten tiny figures on tiny ponies like dwarf
 Shetlands. The little figure who came so close to me stood out quite
 clearly in the light that came from the window, but he had his back to
 it, and I could not see his face. The faces of the others were quite
 brown, also the ponies were brown. If they wore clothes they were
 close-fitting like a child's jersey suit. They were like tiny dwarfs,
 or children of about two years of age. I was very startled, and
 called out, 'Goodness! what is this?' I think I must have frightened
 them, for at the sound of my voice they all rode through the rose
 trellis across the drive, and down the shrubbery. I heard the soft
 galloping dying away into the distance, and listened until the sound
 was gone, then went into the house. My daughter, who has had several
 psychic experiences, said to me: 'Mother, how white and startled you
 look! What have you seen? And who were you speaking to just now in the
 yard?' I said, 'I have seen the fairies ride!'"

The little fairy horses are mentioned by several writers, and yet it
must be admitted that their presence makes the whole situation far more
complicated and difficult to understand. If horses, why not dogs? And
we find ourselves in a whole new world upon the fairy scale. I have
convinced myself that there is overwhelming evidence for the fairies,
but I have by no means been able to assure myself of these adjuncts.

The following letter from a young lady in Canada, daughter of one
of the leading citizens of Montreal, and personally known to me, is
interesting on account of the enclosed photograph here reproduced. She
says:

 "The enclosed photograph was taken this summer at Waterville,
 New Hampshire, with a 2A Brownie camera (portrait lens attached)
 by Alverda, eleven years old. The father is able, clear-headed,
 enthusiastic on golf and billiards; the mother on Japanese art;
 neither interested in psychic matters much. The child has been frail
 and imaginative, but sweet and incapable of deceit.

 "The mother tells me she was with the child when the picture was
 taken. The mushrooms pleased the little girl, and she knelt down and
 photographed them. As an indication of their ordinary size, they are
 _Amainta muscaria_.

 "There was no such figure to be seen as appears in the picture.

 "There was no double exposure. The picture astonished them when
 developed. The parents guarantee its honesty, but are mystified.

 "Do you think shadows, etc., can explain it? I think the line of the
 right shoulder and arm especially are too decisive to be thus brushed
 away."

I rather agree with the writer, but it is a point which each reader can
decide for himself upon examination of the photograph. It is certainly
very vague after the Yorkshire examples.

New Zealand would appear to be quite a fairy centre, for I have another
letter from a lady in those beautiful islands, which is hardly less
interesting and definite than the one already quoted. She says:

 "I have seen fairies in all parts of New Zealand, but especially in
 the fern-clad gullies of the North Island. Most of my unfoldment for
 mediumship was carried out in Auckland, and during that time I spent
 hours in my garden, and saw the fairies most often in the evening just
 after sunset. From observation I notice they usually lived or else
 appeared about the perennial plants. I saw brown fairies and green
 fairies, and they all had wings of a filmy appearance. I used to talk
 to them and ask them to make special pet plants and cuttings I put in
 the garden grow well, and I am sure they did, by the results I got.
 Since I came to Sydney, I have also seen the green fairies. I tried an
 experiment last spring. I had some pheasant-eye narcissus growing in
 the garden. I saw the green fairies about them. I transplanted one of
 the bulbs to a pot when half-grown, and took it with me when I went
 away for a short holiday. I asked the fairies to keep it growing. I
 watched it closely every evening--a green-clad fairy, sometimes two or
 three of them, would appear on the pot under the plant and whatever
 they did to it during the night I do not know, but next morning it was
 very much bigger, and, although transplanted, etc., it flowered three
 weeks before those in the garden. I am now living at Rochdale, Sydney,
 with friends both Australians and Spiritualists, and they also have
 seen the fairies from childhood up. I am sure animals see them. The
 fairies appear every evening in a little wild corner of the garden we
 leave for them, and our cat sits and watches them intently, but never
 attempts to spring at them as he does at other moving objects. If you
 care to make use of the information contained in this letter, you are
 welcome to do so."

I had another interesting letter from Mrs. Roberts, of Dunedin, one
of the most gifted women in psychic matters whom I met during my
Australian wanderings, in which she describes, as the last writer has
done, the intimate connection between these elemental forms of life and
the flowers, asserting that she has continually seen them tending the
plants in her own garden.

From Ireland I received several fairy stories which seemed to be
honestly told, even if some margin must be left for errors of
observation. One of these seems to link up the fairy kingdom with
spiritual communication, for the writer, Miss Winter, of Blarney, in
Cork, says:

 "We received communications from a fairy named Bebel several times,
 one of them lasting nearly an hour. The communication was as decided
 and swift as from the most powerful spirit. He told us that he was a
 Leprechaun (male), but that in a ruined fort near us dwelt the Pixies.
 Our demesne had been the habitation of Leprechauns always, and they
 with their Queen Picel, mounted on her gorgeous dragon-fly, found all
 they required in our grounds.

 "He asked most lovingly about my little grandchildren, who visit us
 frequently, and since then he has been in the habit of communicating
 with them, when we have yielded the table to them entirely, and just
 listened to the pure fun he and they were having together. He told
 them that the fairies find it quite easy to talk to the rabbits, and
 that they disliked the dogs because they chased them. They have great
 fun with the hens, on whose backs they ride, but they do not like
 them because they 'jeer' at them. When he mentioned the old fort, I
 thought he referred to Blarney Castle, not far away, but on relating
 the incident to a farmer's daughter, whose family has been in the
 neighbourhood for a very long time, she informed me that a labourer's
 cottage at the entrance to our avenue is built on the site of an old
 fort, information absolutely new to us."

A few more may be added to my list of witnesses, which might be greatly
extended. Miss Hall, of Bristol, writes:

 "I, too, have seen fairies, but never until now have I dared to
 mention it for fear of ridicule. It was many years ago. I was quite a
 child of six or seven years, and then, as now, passionately fond of
 all flowers, which always seem to me living creatures. I was seated
 in the middle of a road in some cornfields, playing with a group of
 poppies, and never shall I forget my utter astonishment at seeing a
 funny little man playing hide-and-seek among these flowers to amuse
 me, as I thought. He was quick as a dart. I watched him for quite a
 long time, then he disappeared. He seemed a merry little fellow, but
 I cannot ever remember his face. In colour he was a sage-green, his
 limbs were round and had the appearance of geranium stalks. He did not
 seem to be clothed, and was about three inches high and slender. I
 often looked for him again, but without success."

Mr. J. Foot Young, the well-known water diviner, writes:

 "Some years ago I was one of a party invited to spend the afternoon
 on the lovely slopes of Oxeford Hill, in the county of Dorset. The
 absence of both trees and hedges in this locality enables one to
 see without obstruction for long distances. I was walking with my
 companion, who lives in the locality, some little distance from the
 main party, when to my astonishment I saw a number of what I thought
 to be very small children, about a score in number, and all dressed
 in little gaily-coloured short skirts, their legs being bare. Their
 hands were joined, and all held up, as they merrily danced round in a
 perfect circle. We stood watching them, when in an instant they all
 vanished from our sight. My companion told me they were fairies, and
 that they often came to that particular part to hold their revels. It
 may be our presence disturbed them."

Mrs. Ethel Enid Wilson, of Worthing, writes:

 "I quite believe in fairies. Of course, they are really nature
 spirits. I have often seen them on fine sunny days playing in the sea,
 and riding on the waves, but no one I have ever been with at the time
 has been able to see them, excepting once my little nephews and nieces
 saw them too. They were like little dolls, quite small, with beautiful
 bright hair, and they were constantly moving and dancing about."

Mrs. Rose, of Southend-on-Sea, told us in a chat on the subject:

 "I think I have always seen fairies. I see them constantly here in the
 shrubbery by the sea. They congregate under the trees and float around
 about the trees, and gnomes come around to protect them. The gnomes
 are like little old men, with little green caps, and their clothes
 are generally neutral green. The fairies themselves are in light
 draperies. I have also seen them in the conservatory of my house,
 floating about among the flowers and plants. The fairies appear to
 be perpetually playing, excepting when they go to rest on the turf or
 in a tree, and I once saw a group of gnomes standing on each others'
 shoulders, like gymnasts on the stage. They seemed to be living as
 much as I am. It is not imagination. I have seen the gnomes arranging
 a sort of moss bed for the fairies, just like a mother-bird putting
 her chicks to bed. I don't hear any sounds from the gnomes or fairies,
 but they always look happy, as if they were having a real good time."

Miss Eva Longbottom, L.R.A.M., A.R.C.M., of Bristol, a charming
vocalist, who has been blind from birth, told us in an interview:

 "I have seen many fairies with my mind's eyes (that is,
 clairvoyantly). They are of various kinds, the ones I see. The music
 fairies are very beautiful. 'Argent' describes them, for they make you
 think of silver, and they have dulcet silvery voices. They speak and
 sing, but more in sound than in distinct words--a language of their
 own, a fairy tongue. Their music is a thing we cannot translate. It
 exists in itself. I don't think Mendelssohn has truly caught it, but
 Mr. Coleridge-Taylor's music reminds me of the music I have heard from
 the fairies themselves; his fairy ballads are very charming.

 "Then there are dancing fairies. Their dancing is dainty and full of
 grace, a sweet old style of dance, without any tangles in it. I am
 generally alone when I see them, not necessarily in a woodland, but
 wherever the atmosphere is poetical. They are quite real.

 "Another kind is the poem fairies. They are more ethereal, and of
 a violet shade. If you could imagine Perdita in the _Midsummer
 Night's Dream_, translated from the stage into a real fairy, you
 would have a good idea of the poem fairy. She has a very beautiful
 girlish character. The same might be said of Miranda, but she is more
 sentimental.

 "The colour fairies are also most interesting. If you can imagine
 each colour transformed into a fairy you may get an idea of what they
 are like. They are in airy forms and dance and sing in the tone of
 their colours. I have not seen any brownies, as I do not take so much
 interest in the domestic side of the fairies' life.

 "When I was young I had it so much impressed on me that fairies were
 imaginary beings that I would not believe in them, but when I was
 about fourteen I began to realize them, and now I love them. Perhaps
 it was the deeper study of the arts that brought them to me. I have
 felt a sympathetic vibration for them and they have made me feel that
 we were friends. I have had a great deal of happiness and good fortune
 in my life, and perhaps I can attribute some of that to the fairies."

These last examples I owe to Mr. John Lewis, Editor of the _Psychic
Gazette_, who collected them. I think I may fairly claim that if all of
them be added to those which I have quoted in my original article, and
these again be linked up with the Cottingley children and photographs,
we are in a position to present our case with some confidence to the
public.




CHAPTER VIII

THE THEOSOPHIC VIEW OF FAIRIES


Of all religions and philosophies in Western lands I know none save
that ancient teaching now called Theosophy which has any place in it
for elemental forms of life. Therefore, since we have established some
sort of independent case for their existence, it is well that we should
examine carefully what they teach and see how far it fits in with what
we have been able to gather or to demonstrate.

There is no one who has a better right to speak upon the point than my
co-worker, Mr. E. L. Gardner, since he is both the discoverer of the
fairies and a considerable authority upon theosophic teaching. I am
glad, therefore, to be able to include some notes from his pen.

 "For the most part," he writes, "amid the busy commercialism of
 modern times, the fact of their existence has faded to a shadow,
 and a most delightful and charming field of nature study has too
 long been veiled. In this twentieth century there is promise of the
 world stepping out of some of its darker shadows. Maybe it is an
 indication that we are reaching the silver lining of the clouds when
 we find ourselves suddenly presented with actual photographs of these
 enchanting little creatures--relegated long since to the realm of the
 imaginary and fanciful.

 "Now, what _are_ the fairies?

 "First, it must be clearly understood that all that _can_ be
 photographed must of necessity be physical. Nothing of a subtler order
 could in the nature of things affect the sensitive plate. So-called
 spirit photographs, for instance, imply necessarily a certain degree
 of materialization before the 'form' could come within the range even
 of the most sensitive of films. But well within our physical octave
 there are degrees of density that elude ordinary vision. Just as
 there are many stars in the heavens recorded by the camera that no
 human eye has ever seen directly, so there is a vast array of living
 creatures whose bodies are of that rare tenuity and subtlety from our
 point of view that they lie beyond the range of our normal senses.
 Many children and sensitives see them, and hence our fairy lore--all
 founded on actual and now demonstrable fact!

 "Fairies use bodies of a density that we should describe, in
 non-technical language, as of a lighter than gaseous nature, but
 we should be entirely wrong if we thought them in consequence
 unsubstantial. In their own way they are as real as we are, and
 perform functions in connection with plant life of an important and
 most fascinating character. To hint at one phase--many a reader will
 have remarked on the lasting freshness and beauty of flowers cut and
 tended by one person, and, on the other hand, their comparatively
 short life when in the care of another. The explanation is to be
 found in the kindly devotion of the one person and the comparative
 indifference of the other, which emotions affect keenly the nature
 spirits in whose immediate care the flowers are. Their response to
 love and tenderness is quickly evidenced in their charges.

 "Fairies are not born and do not die as we do, though they have their
 periods of outer activity and retirement. Allied to the _lepidoptera_,
 or butterfly genus, of our familiar acquaintance rather than to the
 mammalian line, they partake of certain characteristics that are
 obvious. There is little or no mentality awake--simply a gladsome,
 irresponsible joyousness of life that is abundantly in evidence
 in their enchanting abandon. The diminutive human form, so widely
 assumed, is doubtless due, at least in a great measure, to the
 powerful influence of human thought, the strongest creative power in
 our cycle.

 "In the investigations I have pursued in Yorkshire, the New Forest,
 and Scotland, many fairy lovers and observers have been interviewed
 and their accounts compared. In most cases I was interested to note
 that my share in making public the photographs of Cottingley was the
 worst sort of introduction imaginable. Few fairy lovers have looked
 with favour on that. Reproaches have been frequent and couched in
 no measured terms, for the photographs have been resented as an
 unwarranted intrusion and desecration. Only after earnest assurances
 as to my own attitude could I get farther and obtain those intimate
 confidences that I have compared and checked and pieced together and
 am at liberty to narrate here.

 "The function of the nature spirit of woodland, meadow, and garden,
 indeed in connection with vegetation generally, is to furnish the
 vital connecting link between the stimulating energy of the sun
 and the raw material of the form. That growth of a plant which we
 regard as the customary and inevitable result of associating the
 three factors of sun, seed, and soil would never take place if the
 fairy builders were absent. We do not obtain music from an organ by
 associating the wind, a composer's score, and the instrument--the
 vital link supplied by the organist, though he may be unseen, is
 needed--and similarly the nature spirits are essential to the
 production of the plant.

 "THE FAIRY BODY.--The normal working body of the gnome and fairy
 is not of human nor of any other definite form, and herein lies
 the explanation of much that has been puzzling concerning the
 nature-spirit kingdom generally. They have no clean-cut shape
 normally, and one can only describe them as small, hazy, and somewhat
 luminous clouds of colour with a brighter spark-like nucleus. As such
 they cannot be defined in terms of form any more than one can so
 describe a tongue of flame. In such a body they fill their office,
 working _inside_ the plant structure. 'Magnetic' is the only word
 that can describe their method. Instantly responsive to stimulus,
 they appear to be influenced from two directions--the physical outer
 conditions prevailing and an inner intelligent urge. These two
 influences determine their working activity. Some, and these are by
 far the most numerous, work on cell construction and organization,
 and are comparatively small when assuming the human form, being two
 to three inches high. Others are concerned exclusively with root
 development below ground, while others are apparently specialists
 in colour and 'paint' the flowers by means of the streaming motion
 of their cloud-like bodies. There appears to be little trace of any
 selective or discriminating work done individually. They all seem
 actuated by a common influence that affects them continuously, and
 which strongly suggests the same type of instinctive prompting that
 marks the bee and ant.

 "THE HUMAN FORM.--Though the nature spirit must be regarded as
 practically irresponsible, living a gladsome, joyous, and delightfully
 untrammelled life, each member appears to possess at least a temporary
 definite individuality at times, and to rejoice in it. The diminutive
 human form--sometimes grotesque, as in the case of brownie and gnome,
 sometimes beautifully graceful, as in the surface-fairy variety--if
 conditions allow, is assumed in a flash. For a while it is retained,
 and it seems clear that the definite and comparatively concrete
 shape affords pleasure above the ordinary. There is no organization
 perceptible, as one might perhaps hastily infer. The content of
 the body still appears homogeneous, though somewhat denser, and
 the shape of 'human' is usually only seen when not at work. The
 nature spirit so clothed indulges in active movement in skipping and
 dancing gestures and exhibits a gay abandon suggestive of the keenest
 delight in the experience. It is evidently 'time off' and play for
 it, though its work seems charming enough. If disturbed or alarmed
 the change back to the slightly subtler vehicle, the magnetic cloud,
 is as sudden as the birth. What determines the shape assumed and how
 the transformation is effected is not clear. One may speculate as to
 the influence of human thought, individual or in the mass, and quite
 probably the explanation when found will include this influence as a
 factor--but I am intent here not on theorizing, but on a narrative of
 observed happenings. One thing is clear--the nature-spirit form is
 objective--objective, that is, in the sense in which we apply that
 term to a stone, a tree, and a human body.

 "FAIRY WINGS.--The wings are a feature that one would hardly expect to
 find in conjunction with arms. In this respect the insect type, with
 its several limbs and two or more wings, is a nearer model. But there
 is no articulation and no venation, and moreover the wings are not
 used for flying. 'Streaming emanations' is the only description one
 can apply. In some varieties, particularly the sylphs, the streamers
 surround the body, as by a luminous aura sprayed to a feathery mist.
 I was told that the earlier and more elaborate Red Indian headdresses
 must have been inspired from this source, so suggestive are they,
 though the best of them are but poor copies of the originals.

 "FOOD.--There is no food taken, as we should regard it. Nourishment,
 usually abundant and ample for sustenance, is absorbed directly by a
 rhythmic breathing or pulse. Resource to the magnetic bath on occasion
 appears to be their only special restorative. The perfume of flowers
 is delighted in, and, reversely, disagreeable odours repel. This is
 one of many reasons, besides timidity, why human society is usually
 avoided, there being little that is inviting in that connection for
 them, and much that is obnoxious.

 "BIRTH, DEATH, AND SEX.--Any estimate of length of life is misleading,
 because comparison with ourselves cannot be made. There is no
 real birth nor death, as we understand the terms--simply a gradual
 emergence from, and a return to, a subtler state of being. This
 process takes some time, probably years in certain varieties, and
 their life on the denser level, corresponding to our adult period,
 may be as long as the average human. There is nothing definite in
 all this, however, except the fact of the _gradual_ emergence and
 return. There is no sex, as we should regard it, though, so far as I
 can gather, there is division and sub-division of 'body' at a much
 subtler and earlier level than that usually sensed. This process
 seems to correspond to the fission and budding of our familiar simple
 animalcules, with the addition, towards the end of the cycle, of
 fusion or reassembly into the larger unit.

 "SPEECH AND GESTURE.--Below the sylph there appears to be nothing,
 or very little, in the way of a language of words. Communication is
 possible by inflexion and gesture, much as the same can be exercised
 with domestic animals. Indeed, the relation of human with the lower
 nature spirits seems to be about on a par with that of kittens,
 puppies, and birds. Yet there is abundant evidence of a tone language
 among them. Music by pipe and flute is common, though to the human
 ear of the quaintest character--but whether the instrument or the
 voice is the real source I cannot yet determine. The higher orders
 of nature spirits are adding mentality to the emotional development,
 and speech with them is possible. Their attitude to ordinary humanity
 is unfriendly rather than well disposed, and often hostile, arising
 probably from our utter disregard of the amenities. I am beginning
 to see sense and reason in the 'burnt-offerings' of yore. Pollution
 of the atmosphere is a horror to the sylphs and deeply resented. An
 ancient saying I had seen somewhere came to mind when discussing the
 beautiful air-spirits and their work: 'Agni (Fire) is the mouth of the
 gods!' Our sanitary and burial customs are doubtless still capable of
 improvement! One fairy lover said to me gleefully, 'Ah, well! you will
 never be able to get photographs of the sylphs--they know too much for
 you!' If we can establish friendly relations with them, though, the
 weather may be ours, if that be desirable!

 "CAUSE AND EFFECT.--The dissection and examination of vegetable forms,
 however exhaustive, is but an analysis of _effects_. No adequate
 _cause_ is therein to be found any more than a dissection of a
 sculpture will disclose the craftsman. The amazing skill in evidence
 in the plant kingdom in construction, adaptation, and adornment demand
 the labour of workman, mechanic, and artist. Their recognition in the
 nature spirits fills the vague hiatus between the sun's energy and
 the material wrought. On our own human side of the line the finding
 of two pieces of wood nailed together would unmistakably point to
 a workman of sorts, yet we are accustomed to gaze with wonder and
 admiration on the exquisitely built forms of a whole kingdom, and
 murmur 'evolutionary processes,' or 'the hand of God,' according to
 our temperament. An agent is necessary on the one side and no less on
 the other.

 "MODE OF WORKING.--The feature that will appeal to every nature lover
 interested in the vital processes of plant life is the craftsmanship
 of the nature-spirit agent. An inference, if it be simple enough,
 often escapes us, though in this case the experiences gathered of
 our own human labour suggest the analogy vividly. An analogy with
 a difference, however, for the hidden manner of work of the nature
 spirit is in most respects the exact opposite in character to our
 own. In this physical world we labour with hands and tools, and work
 consistently on exteriors, always indeed handling and applying our
 material from the outside. Addition, accretion, is our constructive
 method. We find ourselves made that way, and it is our characteristic
 mode of approach. The nature spirits operate from the interior,
 working from a centre outwards. Their aim appears to be to achieve an
 ever-closer touch with the environment, and to that end the driving
 urge of their activity is how best to adapt the means to their hand.
 It is easy to perceive the cause of variety in nature in view of
 this striving endeavour to organize the vehicle that the nature
 spirits use, and so gain in endless ways a closer touch. Flower
 colouring, mimicry, seed protection and distribution, defensive and
 aggressive measures, all the thousand-and-one devices employed to
 attain an end, point to an intelligence working through agents who,
 at their own level, are often in more or less antagonistic relation
 with each other. Variety and difference is as much in evidence as
 among humanity, and makes for that diversity of form and custom that
 we find on our side so fruitful of experience. In the tilling of
 the soil and the culture of plant life for our own purposes we have
 worked intimately together--though unconsciously. The efforts of
 nature spirits working by themselves _without_ our assistance produce
 the wild flowers and berries of our woodlands and meadows, while
 partnership _with_ the human yields a record of cultivated cereal,
 flower, and fruit, immensely richer.

 "PLANT CONSCIOUSNESS.--The relation of the nature spirit to the
 consciousness functioning through the vegetable kingdom generally
 is an interesting study too, for the twain appear quite separate.
 This might perhaps be likened to the rôle respectively of crew and
 passenger in a ship. The slumbering, or at best slowly awakening,
 consciousness of the plant, makes of it little more than an idle
 traveller, whereas the nature spirits, alert and active, attend to the
 upkeep and navigation of the craft, and the voyage through the kingdom
 means a growth and development for both.

 "THE FUTURE.--What might follow an intelligent understanding of the
 'little people,' and the establishment of mutual good feeling, opens
 up a prospect alluring in the extreme. It would be for us a working
 in the light instead of in darkness. A foretaste of such co-operation
 may be gathered by noting the effect of a devoted lover of flowers on
 his or her charges. The nature spirit responds to emotion and appears
 keenly appreciative of kindly attention and affection. Whether this
 applies with any force to any but the varieties concerned with flowers
 and fruits I cannot say, but it certainly does to them, and the
 intelligent direction of effort in place of empirical incident tempts
 one's speculation to run riot as to future possibilities.

 "The awakened self-consciousness of the human kingdom, with a vigorous
 mentality linked to kindly emotion and physical action, may enable
 an ages-old debt to be adjusted. We have served the nature-spirit
 line of evolution consciously not at all, but by understanding the
 situation we can co-operate together intelligently and helpfully, and
 the service of both to mutual advantage can take the place of blind
 experiment and groping self-interest."--E. L. G.

In the literature of Theosophy, I know no one who treats the elemental
forces of nature more fully than Bishop Leadbeater, whom I met in my
Australian travels, and who impressed me by his venerable appearance,
his ascetic habits, and his claims to a remarkable clairvoyancy which
has, as he alleges, opened up many of the Arcana. In his book _The
Hidden Side of Things_ he talks very fully of the fairies of many lands.

Dealing with the little creatures whom so many of my informants have
seen tending flowers, the seer says:

 "The little creatures that look after flowers may be divided into two
 great classes, though of course there are many varieties of each kind.
 The first class may properly be called elementals, for, beautiful
 though they are, they are in reality only thought-forms, and therefore
 they are not really living creatures at all. Perhaps I should rather
 say that they are only temporary living creatures, for, though they
 are very active and busy during their little lives, they have no
 real evolving, reincarnating life in them, and when they have done
 their work they just go to pieces and dissolve into the surrounding
 atmosphere, precisely as our own thought-forms do. They are the
 thought-forms of the Great Beings, or angels, who are in charge of the
 evolution of the vegetable kingdom.

 "When one of these Great Ones has a new idea connected with one of
 the kinds of plants or flowers which are under his charge, he often
 creates a thought-form for the special purpose of carrying out that
 idea. It usually takes the form either of an etheric model of the
 flower itself or of a little creature which hangs round the plant
 or the flower all through the time that the buds are forming, and
 gradually builds them into the shape and colour of which the angel has
 thought. But as soon as the plant has fully grown, or the flower has
 opened, its work is over and its power is exhausted, and, as I have
 said, it just simply dissolves, because the will to do that piece of
 work was the only soul that it had.

 "But there is quite another kind of little creature which is very
 frequently seen playing about with flowers, and this time it is a
 real nature spirit. There are many varieties of these also. One of
 the commonest forms is, as I have said, something very much like a
 humming-bird, and it may often be seen buzzing round the flowers much
 in the same way as a humming-bird or a bee does. These beautiful
 little creatures will never become human, because they are not in the
 same line of evolution as we are. The life which is now animating them
 has come up through grasses and cereals, such as wheat and oats, when
 it was in the vegetable kingdom, afterwards through ants and bees when
 it was in the animal kingdom. Now it has reached the level of these
 tiny nature spirits, and its next stage will be to ensoul some of the
 beautiful fairies with etheric bodies who live upon the surface of
 the earth. Later on they will become salamanders, or fire spirits,
 and later still they will become sylphs, or air spirits, having only
 astral bodies instead of etheric. Later still they will pass through
 the different stages of the great kingdom of the angels."

Speaking of the national characteristics of fairies, he says with all
the assurance of an actual observer (page 97):

 "No contrast could well be more marked than that between the
 vivacious, rollicking, orange-and-purple or scarlet-and-gold mannikins
 who dance among the vineyards of Sicily and the almost wistful
 grey-and-green creatures who move so much more sedately amidst the
 oaks and furze-covered heaths in Brittany, or the golden-brown 'good
 people' who haunt the hillsides of Scotland.

 "In England the emerald-green kind is probably the commonest, and I
 have seen it also in the woods in France and Belgium, in far-away
 Massachusetts, and on the banks of the Niagara River. The vast plains
 of the Dakotas are inhabited by a black-and-white kind which I have
 not seen elsewhere, and California rejoices in a lovely white-and-gold
 species which also appears to be unique.

 "In Australia the most frequent type is a very distinctive creature of
 a wonderful luminous sky-blue colour; but there is a wide diversity
 between the etheric inhabitants of New South Wales or Victoria and
 those of tropical Northern Queensland. These latter approximate
 closely to those of the Dutch Indies. Java seems specially prolific
 in these graceful creatures, and the kinds most common there are
 two distinct types, both monochromatic--one indigo blue with faint
 metallic gleamings, and the other a study in all known shades of
 yellow--quaint, but wonderfully effective and attractive.

 "A striking local variety is gaudily ringed with alternate bars of
 green and yellow, like a football jersey. This ringed type is possibly
 a race peculiar to that part of the world, for I saw red and yellow
 similarly arranged in the Malay Peninsula, and green and white on the
 other side of the Straits in Sumatra. That huge island also rejoices
 in the possession of a lovely pale heliotrope tribe which I have
 seen before only in the hills of Ceylon. Down in New Zealand their
 speciality is a deep blue shot with silver, while in the South Sea
 Islands one meets with a silvery-white variety, which coruscates with
 all the colours of the rainbow, like a figure of mother-of-pearl.

 "In India we find all sorts, from the delicate rose-and-pale-green,
 or pale-blue-and-primrose of the hill-country to the rich medley of
 gorgeously gleaming colours, almost barbaric in their intensity and
 profusion, which is characteristic of the plains. In some parts of
 that marvellous country I have seen the black-and-gold type which is
 more usually associated with the African desert, and also a species
 which resembles a statuette made out of a gleaming crimson metal, such
 as was the orichalcum of the Atlanteans.

 "Somewhat akin to this last is a curious variety which looks as though
 cast out of bronze and burnished; it appears to make its home in
 the immediate neighbourhood of volcanic disturbances, since the only
 places in which it has been seen so far are the slopes of Vesuvius
 and Etna, the interior of Java, the Sandwich Islands, the Yellowstone
 Park in North America, and a certain part of the North Island of New
 Zealand. Several indications seem to point to the conclusion that
 this is a survival of a primitive type, and represents a sort of
 intermediate stage between the gnome and the fairy.

 "In some cases, districts close together are found to be inhabited by
 quite different classes of nature spirits; for example, as has already
 been mentioned, the emerald-green elves are common in Belgium, yet a
 hundred miles away in Holland hardly one of them is to be seen, and
 their place is taken by a sober-looking dark-purple species."

Very interesting indeed is his account of the Irish fairies. Speaking
of a sacred mountain in Ireland, he says:

 "A curious fact is that altitude above the sea-level seems to affect
 their distribution, those who belong to the mountains scarcely
 ever intermingling with those of the plains. I well remember, when
 climbing Slieve-na-mon, one of the traditionally sacred hills of
 Ireland, noticing the very definite lines of demarcation between the
 different types. The lower slopes, like the surrounding plains, were
 alive with the intensely active and mischievous little red-and-black
 race which swarms all over the south and west of Ireland, being
 especially attracted to the magnetic centres established nearly two
 thousand years ago by the magic-working priests of the old Milesian
 race to ensure and perpetuate their domination over the people by
 keeping them under the influence of the great illusion. After half an
 hour's climbing, however, not one of these red-and-black gentry was
 to be seen, but instead the hill-side was populous with the gentler
 blue-and-brown type which long ago owed special allegiance to the
 Tuatha-de-Danaan.

 "These also had their zone and their well-defined limits, and no
 nature spirit of either type ever ventured to trespass upon the space
 round the summit, sacred to the great green angels who have watched
 there for more than two thousand years, guarding one of the centres of
 living force that link the past to the future of that mystic land of
 Erin. Taller far than the height of man, these giant forms, in colour
 like the first new leaves of spring, soft, luminous, shimmering,
 indescribable, look forth over the world with wondrous eyes that
 shine like stars, full of the peace of those who live in the eternal,
 waiting with the calm certainty of knowledge until the appointed time
 shall come. One realizes very fully the power and importance of the
 hidden side of things when one beholds such a spectacle as that."

For fuller information the reader may well be referred to the
original, published by the Theosophical Publishing House. The book
is a storehouse of knowledge upon all occult matters, and certainly
the details concerning the fairies fit in remarkably well with the
information from other sources.

       *       *       *       *       *

I have now laid before the reader the full circumstances in connection
with the five successful photographs taken at Cottingley. I have added
the experience of a clairvoyant officer in the company of the girls
upon the third and unsuccessful attempt to get photographs. I have
analysed some of the criticism which we have had to meet. I have given
the reader the opportunity of judging the evidence for a considerable
number of alleged cases, collected before and after the Cottingley
incident. Finally, I have placed before him the general theory of the
place in creation of such creatures, as defined by the only system of
thought which has found room for them. Having read and weighed all
this, the investigator is in as strong a position as Mr. Gardner or
myself, and each must give his own verdict. I do not myself contend
that the proof is as overwhelming as in the case of spiritualistic
phenomena. We cannot call upon the brightest brains in the scientific
world, the Crookes, the Lodges, or the Lombrosos, for confirmation. But
that also may come, and for the present, while more evidence will be
welcome, there is enough already available to convince any reasonable
man that the matter is not one which can be readily dismissed, but
that a case actually exists which up to now has not been shaken in
the least degree by any of the criticism directed against it. Far from
being resented, such criticism, so long as it is earnest and honest,
must be most welcome to those whose only aim is the fearless search for
truth.

       *       *       *       *       *




FOOTNOTES


[1] From this time onwards the real name Wright is used instead of
Carpenter as in the original article--the family having withdrawn their
objection.




       *       *       *       *       *




Transcriber's note:

  Obvious printing mistakes have been corrected.

  Both "air-spirits" and "air spirits" were used in this book.

  Page 13, "every" changed to "ever" ("hoax ever played upon").

  Page 40, "prima-facie" changed to "prima facie."

Possible errors retained in this book:

  Page 150, "time-rutted."

  Page 166, "Oxeford."