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REPORT ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER
DURING THE YEARS 1873-76

Under the Command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S.
and the Late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N.

Prepared Under the Superintendence of
the Late Sir C. Wyville Thomson, KNT., F.R.S., &c.
Regius Professor of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh
Director of the Civilian Scientific Staff on Board
and Now of
John Murray
One of the Naturalists of the Expedition

ZOOLOGY--VOL. XVIII.

PLATES

Published by Order of Her Majesty's Government







Printed for Her Majesty's Stationary Office
and Sold by
London:--Eyre & Spottiswoode, East Harding Street, Fetter Lane
Edinburgh:--Adam & Charles Black
Dublin:--Hodges, Figgis, & Co.
1887

Price (in Two Parts, with a Volume of Plates) £5, 10s.




CONTENTS.


REPORT on the RADIOLARIA collected by H.M.S. CHALLENGER during the years
1873-1876.

By ERNST HAECKEL, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Zoology in the University of
Jena.

PLATES.




CONTENTS.


  PLATES   1-50. SPUMELLARIA.
    "     51-98. NASSELLARIA.
    "    99-128. PHÆODARIA.
    "   129-140. ACANTHARIA.
  MAP, SHOWING THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE RADIOLARIA.



PLATE 1.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order COLLOIDEA.

Family THALASSICOLLIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Actissa princeps_, n. sp.,                           × 300    13

  The entire living Spumellarium. _c_, The spherical central
      capsule containing finely granulated protoplasm, which
      is radially striated in the cortical zone; _v_,
      spherical vacuoles enclosed by the protoplasm; _n_, the
      spherical nucleus in the centre; _l_, the concentric
      nucleolus; _f_, the radial pseudopodia which pierce the
      calymma or the (yellowish) jelly-envelope of the
      central capsule and arise from the granular
      sarcomatrix.

  Fig. 1_a_. Half of the central capsule of another specimen,
      in which the original central nucleus is cleft into
      numerous small nuclei,                                    × 400

  Fig. 1_b_. Half of the central capsule of another specimen,
      filled up by flagellate spores,                           × 400

  Fig. 1_c_. Eight isolated flagellate spores,                  × 800

  Fig. 2. _Thalassolampe maxima_, n. sp.,                       ×   8    17

  The entire living Spumellarium. _c_, The big spherical
      central capsule; _a_, the large alveoles filling the
      central capsule and surrounding a central nucleus; _f_,
      the pseudopodia piercing the extracapsular calymma.

  Fig. 2_a_. The nucleus alone, with numerous nucleoli,         ×  30

  Fig. 3. _Thalassopila cladococcus_, n. sp.,                   ×  20    17

  _c_, The big central capsule; _a_, numerous large alveoles
      contained in the central capsule; _k_, oil globules,
      many of which are placed in the radially striped
      cortical zone; the nucleus placed centrally, is covered
      with numerous radial apophyses or cæcal sacs. _f_, The
      radially striped calymma.

  Fig. 4. _Thalassicolla maculata_, n. sp.,                     × 100    21

  _c_, The central capsule; _v_, vacuoles filling this
      capsule; _n_, the central nucleus; _l_, the concentric
      nucleolus; _g_, the voluminous calymma, a small radial
      piece of which is only represented; _a_, the large
      alveoles; _b_, peculiar exoplasmatic bodies; _p_, black
      pigment in the inner zone; _f_, the retracted
      pseudopodia in the outer zone.

  Fig. 4_a_. An exoplasmatic body,                              × 300

  Fig. 4_b_, Vacuoles in the endoplasm,                         × 300

  Fig. 5. _Thalassicolla melacapsa_, n. sp.,                    × 300    21

  _n_, The large nucleus; _l_, numerous small nucleoli inside
      the nucleus; _v_, the vacuoles filling up the central
      capsule and separated by black pigment; _a_, large
      alveoles in the calymma; _k_, oil globules; _b_,
      exoplasmatic bodies; _f_, the retracted pseudopodia in
      the outer zone of the calymma.

  Fig. 5_a_. An endoplasmatic vacuole, resembling a cell,       × 600

  Fig. 5_b_. A piece of the central capsule,                    × 600

[Illustration: 1. ACTISSA. 2. THALASSOLAMPE. 3. THALASSOPILA. 4. 5.
THALASSOCOLLA.]



PLATE 2.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order BELOIDEA.

Family THALASSOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Lampoxanthium pandora_, n. sp.,                      × 120    38

  The central capsule exhibits distinct pore-canals in its
      membrane, and a clear interval between this and the
      coagulated and vacuolated protoplasm. The central
      nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The spicula
      are scattered throughout the alveolate calymma.

  Fig. 2. _Thalassoplancta brevispicula_, n. sp. (vel
      _Lampoxanthium brevispiculum_),                           × 120    36

  The central capsule contains numerous clear vacuoles, and
      in the cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The
      central nucleus includes numerous dark nucleoli. The
      calymma is alveolate. The spicula lie only in the
      cortical zone.

  Fig. 3. _Thalassoxanthium cervicorne_, n. sp.,                × 300    33

  The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and
      contains a large central nucleus, with a single
      nucleolus. The spicula surround the thin calymma.

  Fig. 4. _Thalassoxanthium cervicorne_, n. sp.,                × 600    33

  A single spiculum.

  Fig. 5. _Thalassoxanthium medusinum_, n. sp.,                 × 120    32

  The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and
      contains on its cortical zone a layer of large
      oil-globules. The central nucleus contains numerous
      dark nucleoli. The calymma is radially striped,
      contains numerous small xanthellæ, and is surrounded by
      the spicula.

  Fig. 6. _Thalassoxanthium octoceras_, n. sp.,                 × 400    34

  Three isolated spicula.

[Illustration: LAMPOXANTHIUM.]



PLATE 3.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order COLLOIDEA.

Family COLLOZOIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Collozoum serpentinum_, n sp (vel _Collophidium
      serpentinum_, Hkl),                                       ×  10    26

  A living coenobium, with expanded pseudopodia. The
      spherical calymma (or the common jelly-mass of the
      colony) is alveolate and contains numerous cylindrical,
      serpentine, central capsules. Numerous yellow cells or
      xanthellæ are scattered between the radial pseudopodia
      in the periphery.

  Fig. 2. _Collozoum serpentinum_, n. sp.,                      ×  50    26

  An isolated, cylindrical, worm-shaped, central capsule,
      with an axial series of oil-globules; the red points
      are nuclei.

  Fig. 3. _Collozoum serpentinum_, n. sp.,                      × 150    26

  An isolated, cylindrical, serpentine, central capsule. _k_,
      Oil-globules forming an axial series; _n_, densely
      placed, red-coloured nuclei;, _c_, the capsule membrane
      under which are scattered small black pigment spots in
      the colourless cortical zone of the endoplasm; _a_,
      extracapsular alveoles; _x_, xanthellæ or "yellow
      cells."

  Fig. 4. _Collozoum amoeboides_, n. sp.,                       × 100    28

  A spherical coenobium or jelly-colony. Each amoeboid
      central capsule contains an oil-globule; the small red
      points are nuclei.

  Fig. 5. _Collozoum amoeboides_, n. sp.,                       × 400    28

  _c_, A single isolated central capsule; _n_, nuclei; _k_,
      oil-globule.

  Fig. 6. _Collozoum vermiforme_, n. sp.,                       ×  30    27

  _g_, A spherical coenobium or jelly-colony; _a_, large
      alveoles, forming a cortical zone; _c_, central
      capsules; _k_, oil-globules.

  Fig. 7. _Collozoum vermiforme_, n. sp.,                       × 100    27

  _c_, A single isolated central capsule; _x_, xanthellæ
      surrounding this central capsule; _k_, oil-globules;
      _n_, nuclei.

  Fig. 8. _Collozoum ellipsoides_, n. sp.,                      ×   2    26

  A spherical colony; the red points are central capsules.

  Fig. 9. _Collozoum ellipsoides_, n. sp.,                      × 150    26

  _c_, A single isolated central capsule; _k_, oil-globules;
      _n_, nuclei.

  Fig. 10. _Collozoum inerme_, Hkl.,                            ×   2    25

  An old, cylindrical, articulated coenobium; the red points
      are centralcapsules.

  Fig. 11. _Collozoum inerme_, Hkl.,                            ×   2    25

  A young cylindrical coenobium; the red points are central
      capsules.

  Fig. 12. _Collozoum inerme_, Hkl.,                            × 400    25

  A piece of a young colony with eight small central
      capsules, without oil-globules. _n_, The central
      nucleus in different stages of division. Two capsules
      are also dividing. _x_, Xanthellæ in the jelly-like
      calymma (blue), which also contains numerous vacuoles.

[Illustration: COLLOZOUM.]



PLATE 4.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Orders BELOIDEA.

Families Sphærozoida.

  Fig. 1. _Sphærozoum trigeminum_, n. sp.,                      ×  50    43

  An annular colony. The main mass of the jelly-colony is
      filled up by large alveoles; the entire surface is
      densely covered with spicula, and beyond this
      skeleton-cover lie the spherical central capsules, each
      with an oil-globule. This species is by mistake not
      mentioned in the text.

  Fig. 2. _Sphærozoum alveolatum_, n. sp.,                      ×  50    43

  Section through a spherical colony; displaying the inside
      of a hemisphere. All the central capsules lie in a
      single stratum on the surface of the jelly-sphere, each
      being surrounded by a thick-walled alveole. The spicula
      lie between the alveole and the capsule, which includes
      a central oil-globule.

  Fig. 3. _Sphærozoum alveolatum_, n. sp.,                      × 400    43

  A single central capsule, filled up by crystal-spores.
      Numerous geminato-radiate spicula and spherical
      xanthellæ lie between the capsule and the including
      thick-walled alveole. In the jelly-calymma, between the
      capsule and the alveole, numerous thin ramified
      pseudopodia are expanded.

  Fig. 4. _Sphærozoum geminatum_, n. sp.,                       × 400    45

  A single central capsule, with a central oil-globule,
      surrounded by numerous spicula and spherical xanthellæ.
      The jelly-substance of the calymma is expanded between
      the points of the spicula.

  Fig. 5. _Sphærozoum variabile_, n. sp.,                       × 300    45

  Three isolated spicula.

  Fig. 6. _Sphærozoum pandora_, n. sp. (vel _Rhaphidozoum
      pandora_),                                                × 300    49

  A group of various spicula.

  Fig. 7. _Sphærozoum verticillatum_, n. sp.,                   × 300    44

  A single spiculum.

  Fig. 8. _Sphærozoum arborescens_, n. sp.,                     × 300    44

  A single spiculum.

  Fig. 9. _Sphærozoum armatum_, n. sp.,                         × 300    43

  A single spiculum.

[Illustration: SPHAEROZOUM.]



PLATE 5.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family COLLOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Trypanosphæra transformata_, n. sp.,                 × 150   111

  A living colony. The centre of the spherical coenobium
      contains a large alveole, surrounded by a net of
      sarcode. The entire calymma is filled up by smaller,
      thin-walled alveoles. Its inner part contains numerous
      small, young, central capsules (each with an
      oil-globule) without shells; in the cortical zone of
      the calymma lie larger capsules, each of which is
      enclosed by a fenestrated shell with from two to four
      or more dentated tubes. Between the radiant pseudopodia
      very numerous small yellow cells (xanthellæ), which are
      scattered everywhere.

  Fig. 2. _Trypanosphæra transformata_, n. sp.,                 × 300   111

  A single shell.

  Fig. 3. _Trypanosphæra coronata_, n. sp.,                     × 300   110

  Fig. 4. _Trypanosphæra trepanata_, n. sp.,                    × 300   110

  Fig. 5. _Odontosphæra monodon_, n. sp.,                       × 300   102

  Fig. 6. _Odontosphæra cyrtodon_, n. sp.,                      × 300   102

  Fig. 7. _Acrosphæra inflata_, n. sp.,                         × 300   101

  Fig. 8. _Mazosphæra hippotis_, n. sp.,                        × 400   108

  Fig. 9. _Mazosphæra lagotis_, n. sp.,                         × 300   108

  Fig. 10. _Pharyngosphæra stomodæa_, n. sp.,                   × 400    98

  Fig. 11. _Buccinosphæra invaginata_. n. sp.,                  × 500    99

  Each shell contains numerous larger and smaller crystals.

  Fig. 12. _Tribonosphæra centripetalis_, n. sp.,               × 500    98

  Each shell contains numerous large crystals.

  Fig. 13. _Collosphæra polygona_, n. sp.,                      × 200    96

[Illustration: 1-4. TRYPANOSPHAERA. 5-9. MAZOSPHAERA. 10. 11.
BUCCINOSPHAERA. 12. 13. COLLOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 6.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family COLLOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. Siphonosphæra socialis, n. sp.,                       × 500   106

  A small piece of the surface of a living coenobium, seen
      from the surface. Only four individuals are visible,
      the central capsule of which contains numerous small
      nuclei and a central oil-globule. The including
      spherical lattice-shell is provided with a few (one to
      four) larger apertures, which are prolonged into short
      cylindrical tubules. Through these latter radiate
      bundles of fine pseudopodia, branching and
      anastomosing, and forming a fine sarcode network
      between the alveoles of the calymma. On the surface of
      the alveolated jelly-sphere the pseudopodia form a
      dense radiating zone. Xanthella or yellow cells are
      everywhere scattered.

  Fig. 2. _Siphonosphæra socialis_, n. sp.,                     × 300   106

  A small coenobium or colony in the state of alveolation,
      forming a jelly-sphere, composed of a great number of
      capsulated individuals, densely aggregated. Each
      central capsule contains an oil-globule, and is
      enclosed by a spherical lattice-shell, which bears a
      few (one to four) short cylindrical tubules. Each shell
      is again enveloped by a membranous polyhedral alveole
      and separated from it by structureless jelly. The thick
      cortical jelly-envelope, which surrounds the whole
      spherical colony, exhibits a fine radial striation,
      produced by radiating pseudopodia; many xanthellæ or
      yellow cells are scattered in the calymma.

  Fig. 3. _Siphonosphæra pipetta_, n. sp.,                      × 300   108

  Fig. 4. _Siphonosphæra tubulosa_, J. Müller,                  × 300   105

  The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell,
      has a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a few
      xanthella.

  Fig. 5. _Siphonosphæra chonophora_, n. sp.,                   × 300   107

  Fig. 6. _Siphonosphæra serpula_, n. sp.,                      × 300   107

  Fig. 7. _Siphonosphæra patinaria_, n sp.,                     × 300   105

  The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell,
      contains a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a
      few xanthella.

  Fig. 8. _Siphonosphæra patinaria_, n. sp.,                    × 300   105

  Fig. 9. _Siphonosphæra conifera_, n. sp.,                     × 300   106

  Fig. 10. _Siphonosphæra cyathina_, n. sp.,                    × 300   105

[Illustration: SIPHONOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 7.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family COLLOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1 _Caminosphæra dendrophora_, n. sp.,                    × 300   112

  Fig. 2. _Caminosphæra dichotoma_, n. sp.,                     × 300   112

  Fig. 3. _Coronosphæra diadema_, n. sp.,                       × 300   117

  Fig. 4. _Coronosphæra calycina_, n. sp.,                      × 300   117

  Fig. 5. _Otosphæra auriculata_, n. sp.,                       × 300   116

  Fig. 6. _Otosphæra polymorpha_, n. sp.,                       × 300   116

  Fig. 7. _Solenosphæra serpentina_, n. sp.,                    × 300   114

  Fig. 8. _Solenosphæra cornucopia_, n. sp.,                    × 300   115

  Fig. 9. _Solenosphæra ascensionis_, n. sp.,                   × 300   115

  Fig. 10. _Solenosphæra pandora_, n. sp.,                      × 300   113

  Fig. 11. _Solenosphæra pandora_, n. sp.,                      × 100   113

  An entire spherical coenobium. The shells of the colony
      bear a variable number of fenestrated radial tubes and
      are densely crowded in the jelly-sphere of the calymma,
      the cortical zone of which is radially striped.

[Illustration: 1. 2. CAMINOSPHAERA. 3. 4. CORONOSPHAERA. 5. 6. OTOSPHAERA.
7.-11. SOLENOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 8.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family COLLOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Acrosphæra echinoides_, n. sp.,                      × 400   100

  Fig. 2. _Acrosphæra collina_, n. sp.,                         × 300   101

  Fig. 3. _Chænicosphæra nassiterna_, n. sp.,                   × 400   103

  Fig. 4. _Chænicosphæra murrayana_, n. sp.,                    × 300   102

  Fig. 5. _Chænicosphæra flammabunda_, n. sp.,                  × 300   103

  Fig. 6. _Clathrosphæra circumtexta_, n. sp.,                  × 400   118

  Fig. 7. _Clathrosphæra arachnoides_, n. sp.,                  × 300   119

  Fig. 8. _Clathrosphæra lamellosa_, n. sp.,                    × 300   119

  Fig. 9. _Xanthiosphæra erinacea_, n. sp.,                     × 400   120

  Fig. 10. _Xanthiosphæra lappacea_, n. sp.,                    × 300   120

  Fig. 11. _Xanthiosphæra lappacea_, n. sp.,                    × 100   120

  A complete spherical coenobium. The associated central
      capsules (each with a double shell) are densely crowded
      in the central part of the calymma, whilst its
      peripheral part is occupied by a layer of large
      alveoles. Numerous xanthellæ or yellow cells an
      scattered in the calymma.

[Illustration: 1. 2. ACROSPHAERA. 3.-5. CHOENICOSPHAERA. 6.-8.
CLATHROSPHAERA. 9.-11. XANTHIOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 9.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order LARCOIDEA.

Family PYLONIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Monozonium alatum_, n. sp.,                          × 300   633

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 1_a_. Apical view.

  Fig. 2. _Dizonium pleuracanthum_, n. sp.,                     × 400   636

  Fig. 3. _Dizonium stauracanthum_, n. sp.,                     × 300   636

  Fig. 4. _Trizonium tricinctum_, n. sp.,                       × 300   637

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 4_a_. Lateral view.

  Fig. 4_b_. Apical view.

  Fig. 5. _Amphipyle tetraceros_, n. sp.,                       × 400   642

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 6. _Amphipyle callizona_, n. sp.,                        × 300   644

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 7. _Amphipyle amphiptera_, n. sp.,                       × 300   642

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 7_a_. Lateral view.

  Fig. 8. _Tetrapyle circularis_, n. sp.,                       × 300   645

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 9. _Tetrapyle pleuracantha_, n. sp.,                     × 400   646

  Dorsal view. The lentelliptical central capsule is visible
      between medullary and cortical shell.

  Fig. 10. _Tetrapyle turrita_, n. sp.,                         × 400   649

  Oblique view, half dorsal, half lateral.

  Fig. 11. _Octopyle stenozona_, n. sp.,                        × 400   652

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 12. _Octopyle sexangulata_, n. sp.,                      × 300   653

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 13. _Octopyle decastyle_, n. sp.,                        × 300   654

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 13_a_. Lateral view.

  Fig. 14. _Pylonium quadricorne_, n. sp.,                      × 400   655

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 15. _Tetrapylonium quadrangulare_, n. sp.,               × 300   658

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 16. _Pylozonium octacanthum_, n. sp.,                    × 300   660

  Dorsal view.

[Illustration: 1.-4. TRIZONIUM, 5.-7. AMPHIPYLE. 8.-10. TETRAPYLE, 11.-13.
OCTOPYLE, 14.-16. PYLONIUM.]



PLATE 10.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order LARCOIDEA.

Family THOLONIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Tholartus tricolus_, n. sp.,                         × 200   664

  Fig. 2. _Tholodes cupula_, n. sp.,                            × 500   665

  Fig. 3. _Amphitholus artiscus_, n. sp.,                       × 400   666

  Fig. 4. _Amphitholus panicium_, n. sp.,                       × 500   668

  Fig. 5. _Amphitholus acanthometra_, n. sp.,                   × 300   667

  Fig. 6. _Amphitholus acanthometra_, n. sp.,                   × 300   667

  Frontal section of the shell.

  Fig. 7. _Amphitholonium tricolonium_, n. sp.,                 × 300   669

  Fig. 8. _Staurotholus tetrastylus_, n. sp.,                   × 300   673

  Fig. 9. _Staurotholus dodecastylus_, n. sp.,                  × 400   674

  Fig. 10. _Tholoma quadrigeminum_, n. sp.,                     × 200   672

  Fig. 11. _Staurotholonium octodoronium_, n. sp.,              × 300   676

  Fig. 12. _Tholocubus tessellatus_, n. sp.,                    × 200   677

  Fig. 13. _Tholoma metallasson_, n. sp.,                       × 300   672

  Fig. 14. _Cubotholus regularis_, n. sp.,                      × 200   680

  Fig. 15. _Cubotholonium ellipsoides_, n. sp.,                 × 300   682

  Fig. 16. _Tholocubus tesseralis_, n. sp.,                     × 400   678

  Fig. 17. _Tholonium hexonium_,                                × 400   679

[Illustration: 1. 2. THOLARTUS, 3.-7. AMPHITHOLUS, 8.-10. STAUROTHOLUS,
11.-13. THOLOMA, 14. 15. CUBOTHOLUS, 16. 17. THOLONIUM.]



PLATE 11.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family ASTROSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Lychnosphæra regina_, n. sp.,                        × 200   277

  The entire shell and the central capsule. Numerous
      club-shaped radial apophyses or coecal sacs arise from
      the pink central capsule and are protruded through the
      pores of the medullary shell, which is completely
      hidden by them. The sarcomatrix in the calymma,
      surrounding the central capsule, exhibits a fine radial
      striation. Numerous retracted pseudopodia, bearing red
      granules, arise from the sarcomatrix and pierce the
      calymma radially. The interval between the two
      concentric shells is filled up by the hyaline calymma.

  Fig. 2. _Lychnosphæra regina_, n. sp.,                        × 400   277

  A part of the cortical shell, with a radial spine.

  Fig. 3. _Lychnosphæra regina_, n. sp.,                        × 400   277

  The medullary shell and the basal parts of the radial
      spines arising from it.

  Fig. 4. _Lychnosphæra regina_, n. sp.,                        × 400   277

  Distal end of a radial spine.

  Fig. 5. _Rhizoplegma lychnosphæra_, n. sp.,                   × 200   276

  The central capsule and the enclosed parts of the skeleton.
      The protoplasm is radially striped. The central nucleus
      (red) sends out numerous radial apophyses, which are
      protruded through the pores of the medullary shell.

[Illustration: LYCHNOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 12.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Orders PHÆOSPHÆRIA ET SPHÆROIDEA.

Families OROSPHÆRIDA, ASTROSPHÆRIDA et LIOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Orosphæra huxleyii_, n. sp. (vel _Oroscena
      huxleyii_),                                               ×  50  1599

  Fig. 1_a_. A piece of the network, the bars of which
      contain partly an axial canal,                            × 200  1599

  Fig. 2. _Conosphæra orthoconus_, n. sp.,                      × 200   221

  Fig. 3. _Conosphæra platyconus_, n. sp.,                      × 300   221

  Fig. 4. _Conosphæra plagioconus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   222

  Fig. 5. _Ethmosphæra conosiphonia_, n. sp.,                   × 400    69

  Fig. 5_a_. Vertical section through the wall.

  Fig. 6. _Ethmosphæra polysiphonia_, n. sp.,                   × 400    70

  Fig. 7. _Cenosphæra compacta_, n. sp.,                        × 300    65

  Fig. 8. _Cenosphæra elysia_, n. sp.,                          × 300    64

  Fig. 8_a_. Vertical section through the wall.

  Fig. 9. _Cenosphæra mellifica_, n. sp.,                       × 300    62

  Fig. 10. _Cenosphæra favosa_, n. sp.,                         × 300    62

  Fig. 10_a_. Vertical section through the wall.

  Fig. 11. _Cenosphæra vesparia_, n. sp.,                       × 300    62

  Fig. 11_a_. Vertical section through the wall.

[Illustration: 1. OROSPHAERA, 2.-4. CONOSPHAERA, 5. 6. ETHMOSPHAERA, 7.-11.
CERIOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 13.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA.

Families STYLOSPHÆRIDA et ELLIPSIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Ellipsostylus aquila_, n. sp.,                       × 300   300

  Fig. 2. _Ellipsostylus hirundo_, n. sp.,                      × 300   301

  Fig. 3. _Ellipsostylus columba_, n. sp.,                      × 300   300

  Fig. 4. _Xiphostylus alcedo_, n. sp.,                         × 400   127

  Fig. 5. _Xiphostylus edolius_, n. sp.,                        × 400   130

  Fig. 6. _Ellipsostylus psittacus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   300

  Fig. 7. _Stylostaurus caudatus_, n. sp.,                      × 400   157

  Fig. 8. _Ellipsostylus ciconia_, n. sp.,                      × 300   300

  Fig. 9. _Xiphostylus phasianus_, n. sp.,                      × 400   127

  Fig. 10. _Xiphostylus trochilus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   129

  Fig. 11. _Xiphostylus emberiza_, n. sp.,                      × 300   131

  Fig. 12. _Saturnalis circoideus_, n. sp.,                     × 400   132

  Not fully developed.

  Fig. 13. _Xiphostylus alca_, n. sp.,                          × 300   130

  Fig. 14. _Xiphostylus falco_, n. sp.,                         × 300   130

  Fig. 15. _Saturnalis rotula_, n. sp.,                         × 400   133

  Fig. 16. _Saturnalis annularis_, n. sp.,                      × 400   132

[Illustration: 1.-14. XIPHOSTYLUS. 15. 16. SATURNALIS.]



PLATE 14.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA.

Families STYLOSPHÆRIDA et ELLIPSIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Ellipsoxiphus atractus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   298

  Fig. 2. _Xiphosphæra venus_, n. sp.,                          × 300   123

  Fig. 3. _Ellipsoxiphus claviger_, n. sp.,                     × 300   297

  Fig. 4. _Xiphosphæra pallas_, n. sp.,                         × 400   124

  Fig. 5. _Xiphosphæra gæa_, n. sp.,                            × 400   123

  Fig. 6. _Xiphosphæra vesta_, n. sp.,                          × 300   126

  Fig. 7. _Ellipsoxiphus elegans_, n. sp., var. _palliatus_,    × 400   296

  Fig. 8. _Lithapium halicapsa_, n. sp.,                        × 300   303

  Fig. 9. _Lithapium pyriforme_, n. sp.,                        × 300   303

  Fig. 10. _Lithapium monocyrtis_, n. sp.,                      × 300   304

  Fig. 11. _Ellipsoxiphus bipolaris_, n. sp.,                   × 600   297

  Fig. 12. _Xiphostylus trogon_, n. sp.,                        × 400   129

  Fig. 13. _Xiphostylus picus_, n. sp.,                         × 300   129

  Fig. 14. _Lithomespilus flammabundus_, n. sp.,                × 400   303

  Fig. 15. _Xiphostylus alauda_, n. sp.,                        × 400   128

  Fig. 16. _Lithomespilus phloginus_, n. sp.,                   × 600   302

  Fig. 17. _Lithomespilus phlogoides_, n. sp.,                  × 600   302

[Illustration: 1.-11. XIPHOSPHAERA, 12-17. LITHOMESPILUS.]



PLATE 15.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA.

Families STAUROSPHÆRIDA et DRUPPULIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cromyatractus tetracelyphus_, n. sp.,                × 300   335

  Fig. 1_a_. The two inner medullary shells.

  Fig. 2. _Cromyatractus tetraphractus_, n. sp.,                × 300   335

  Fig. 3. _Cromyatractus cepicius_, n. sp.,                     × 300   336

  The spongy distal part of a polar spine.

  Fig. 4. _Cromyatractus ceparius_, n. sp. (vel _Caryostylus
      ceparius_),                                               × 300   336

  Fig. 5. _Staurolonche pertusa_, n. sp.,                       × 300   159

  Fig. 5_a_. Its medullary shell.

  Fig. 6. _Staurosphæra philippi_, n. sp.,                      × 300   154

  Fig. 7. _Stauroxiphus gladius_, n. sp.,                       × 400   163

  Fig. 8. _Staurocaryum arborescens_, n. sp.,                   × 300   167

  Fig. 9. _Rhizoplegma radicatum_, n. sp.,                      × 200   276

  Fig. 9_a_. The medullary shell, which is completely hidden
      in fig. 9 by the numerous club-shaped apophyses of the
      central capsule.

[Illustration: 1. 2. STYLOCROMYUM, 3. 4. CARYOSTYLOS, 5.-7. STAUROLONCHE,
8. STAUROCARYUM, 9. RHIZOPLEGMA.]



PLATE 16.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA.

Families STYLOSPHÆRIDA et DRUPPULIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Stylosphæra melpomene_, n. sp.,                      × 300   135

  Fig. 2. _Lithatractus jugatus_, n. sp., (vel _Stylosphæra
      jugata_),                                                 × 400   323

  Fig. 3. _Lithatractus fragilis_, n. sp. (vel _Stylosphæra
      fragilis_),                                               × 400   319

  Fig. 4. _Stylosphæra lithatractus_, n. sp.,                   × 300

  The entire shell.

  Fig. 5. _Stylosphæra lithatractus_, n. sp.,                   × 300

  The greater part of the cortical shell and the two spines
      taken off.

  The description of _Stylosphæra lithatractus_ (intermediate
      between _Stylosphæra jugata_ and _Stylosphæra
      terpsichore_, p. 137) is by mistake not given in the
      text.

  Fig. 6. _Stylosphæra calliope_, n. sp.,                       × 400   134

  Fig. 7. _Stylosphæra clio_, n. sp.,                           × 400   134

  Fig. 8. _Druppatractus ostracion_, n. sp.,                    × 300   326

  The entire shell.

  Fig. 9. _Druppatractus ostracion_, n. sp.,                    × 300   326

  The anterior half of the cortical shell has been removed.

  Fig. 10. _Druppatractus hippocampus_, n. sp.,                 × 300   324

  The entire shell.

  Fig. 11. _Druppatractus hippocampus_, n. sp.,                 × 300   324

  The greater part of the cortical shell has been removed.

  Fig. 12. _Stylosphæra nana_, n. sp.,                          × 300   136

  The entire shell

  Fig. 13. _Stylosphæra nana_, n. sp.,                          × 300   136

  The greater part of the cortical shell taken off.

  Fig. 14. _Sphærostylus ophidium_, n. sp.,                     × 300   140

  The entire shell.

  Fig. 15. _Sphærostylus ophidium_, n. sp.,                     × 300   140

  The medullary shell alone.

  Fig. 16. _Saturnulus ellipticus_, n. sp.,                     × 400   141

  Fig. 17. _Saturnulus planetes_, n. sp.,                       × 400   142

[Illustration: 1.-15. STYLOSPHAERA. 16. 17. SATURNULUS.]



PLATE 17.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA.

Families STYLOSPHÆRIDA, DRUPPULIDA et SPONGURIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Stylatractus giganteus_, n. sp. (vel _Amphistylus
      giganteus_),                                              × 300   329

  Fig. 2. _Stylatractus sethoporus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   330

  The greater part of the cortical shell taken off.

  Fig. 3. _Stylatractus sethoporus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   330

  The entire cortical shell.

  Fig. 4. _Stylatractus compactus_, n. sp.,                     × 400   329

  Fig. 5. _Amphisphæra cronos_, n. sp. (vel _Amphistylus
      cronos_),                                                 × 400   144

  Fig. 6. _Stylatractus neptunus_, n. sp. (vel _Amphisphæra
      neptunus_),                                               × 300   328

  Fig. 7. _Amphisphæra pluto_, n. sp.,                          × 300   144

  The entire cortical shell.

  Fig. 8. _Amphisphæra pluto_, n. sp.,                          × 300   144

  Meridional section through the three concentric shells.

  Fig. 9. _Xiphatractus glyptodon_, n. sp.,                     × 400   334

  The entire cortical shell.

  Fig. 10. _Xiphatractus glyptodon_, n. sp.,                    × 400   334

  The greater part of the cortical shell taken off.

  Fig. 11. _Xiphatractus armadillo_, n. sp.,                    × 400   332

  Fig. 12. _Spongoxiphus prunococcus_, n. sp.,                  × 300   354

  The spongy cortical shell.

  Fig. 13. _Spongoxiphus prunococcus_, n. sp.,                  × 600   354

  The two concentric latticed medullary shells.

[Illustration: 1.-11. AMPHISTYLUS, 12. 13. SPONGOSTYLUS.]



PLATE 18.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Centrocubus cladostylus_, n. sp.,                    × 100   278

  Fig. 2. _Octodendron spathillatum_, n. sp.,                   × 300   280

  The entire inner shell, but a small part only of the outer
      shell is represented.

  Fig. 3. _Octodendron cubocentron_, n. sp.,                    × 400   279

  The central capsule (somewhat irregular by compression?)
      exhibits a large excentric nucleus (probably dislocated
      artificially?).

  Fig. 4. _Octodendron spathillatum_, n. sp.,                   × 800   280

  Free distal end of a radial spine, with the spathillæ on
      the end of the branches.

  Fig. 5. _Rhizosphæra serrata_, n. sp.,                        × 300   284

  Fig. 6. _Rhizosphæra serrata_, n. sp.,                        × 300   284

  Medullary shell.

  Fig. 7. _Rhizosphæra serrata_, n. sp.,                        × 600   284

  A single radial spine.

  Fig. 8. _Plegmosphæra exodictyon_, n. sp.,                    × 200    89

  The central shell-cavity encloses the spherical central
      capsule and the concentric nucleus.

  Fig. 9. _Spongodrymus elaphococcus_, n. sp.,                  × 150   272

  The entire inner shell, but only a small part of the outer
      spongy envelope is represented.

[Illustration: 1.-4. CENTROCUBUS, 5.-7. RHIZOSPHAERA, 8. PLEGMOSPHAERA, 9.
SPONGODRYMUS.]



PLATE 19.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family ASTROSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Drymosphæra polygonalis_, n. sp.,                    × 200   249

  Fig. 2. _Leptosphæra hexagonalis_, n. sp.,                    × 200   244

  Showing the central capsule (forming numerous club-shaped
      protuberances) and the simple spherical nucleus in its
      centre. The skeleton is nearly the same as in
      _Diplosphæra hexagonalis_ (fig. 3).

  Fig. 3. _Diplosphæra hexagonalis_, n. sp.,                    × 200   246

  The spherical central capsule, with radially striped
      protoplasm, is enclosed in the inner shell, and
      exhibits in its centre the clear spherical nucleus.

  Fig. 4. _Astrosphæra hexagonalis_, n. sp.,                    × 300   250

  Fig. 5. _Astrosphæra stellata_, n. sp.,                       × 300   251

  The central capsule, enclosed in the inner shell, exhibits
      a distinct radial striation of the protoplasm, and in
      the centre a clear spherical nucleus.

  Fig. 6. _Haliomma rhodococcus_, n. sp. (vel _Sethosphæra
      rhodococcus_),                                            × 400   237

  The greater part of the outer shell is removed.

[Illustration: 1.-5. DIPLOSPHAERA, 6. SETHOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 20.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Drymosphæra dendrophora_, n. sp.,                    × 300   249

  Fig. 1_a_. Meridional section through the central capsule.
      In the centre the large spherical nucleus is visible.
      The protoplasm around it is distinctly radiate. From
      the central capsule arise numerous club-shaped
      apophyses or cæcal sacs, which are protruded through
      the meshes of the inner shell,                            × 300

  Fig. 1_b_. Basal part of a single radial spine, and its
      connection with the network of the two shells,            × 400

  Fig. 2. _Liosphæra polypora_, n. sp.,                         × 300    78

  The greater part of the outer shell is removed.

  Fig. 3. _Liosphæra hexagonia_, n. sp.,                        × 400    76

  Fig. 4. _Carposphæra melitomma_, n. sp. (vel _Melitomma
      melittosphæra_),                                          × 400    73

[Illustration: 1. DRYMOSPHAERA, 2.-4. MELITOMMA.]



PLATE 21.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Hexastylus cochleatus_, n. sp.,                      × 400   174

  From the central capsule, enclosed in the shell, numerous
      delicate radial pseudopodia arise, which are protruded
      through the pores of the shell.

  Fig. 2. _Hexastylus triaxonius_, n. sp.,                      × 400   175

  Fig. 3. _Hexastylus phænaxonius_, n. sp.,                     × 300   171

  Fig. 4. _Hexastylus thaletis_, n. sp.,                        × 400   172

  Fig. 5. _Hexastylus minimus_, n. sp.,                         × 400   172

  Fig. 6. _Hexastylus dimensivus_, n. sp.,                      × 400   175

  Fig. 7. _Hexastylus spiralis_, n. sp.,                        × 400   177

  Fig. 8. _Hexastylus dictyotus_, n. sp.,                       × 400   176

  Fig. 9. _Hexastylus dictyotus_, n. sp.,                       × 400   176

  Central capsule with concentric nucleus and nucleolus; the
      protoplasm is radially striped.

  Fig. 10. _Hexastylus marginatus_, n. sp.,                     × 400   176

  Fig. 10_a_. Radial section through the shell-wall.

  Fig. 11. _Hexastylus solonis_, n. sp.,                        × 400   173

  Fig. 12. _Hexastylus contortus_, n. sp.,                      × 300   177

[Illustration: HEXASTYLUS.]



PLATE 22.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Hexalonche pythagoræa_, n. sp.,                      × 300   185

  Fig. 2. _Hexalonche conicornis_, n. sp.,                      × 300   181

  Fig. 3. _Hexalonche aristarchi_, n. sp.,                      × 400   185

  Fig. 4. _Hexalonche philosophica_, n. sp.,                    × 400   186

  Fig. 5. _Hexalonche anaximandri_, n. sp.,                     × 400   182

  Fig. 6. _Hexalonche octocolpa_, n. sp.,                       × 300   183

  Fig. 6_a_. The inner shell alone.

  Fig. 7. _Hexalonche heracliti_, n. sp.,                       × 300   187

  Fig. 8. _Hexalonche octahedra_, n. sp.,                       × 400   181

  Fig. 8_a_. The inner shell alone.

  Fig. 9. _Hexancistra tricuspis_, n. sp.,                      × 300   188

  Fig. 10. _Hexancistra triserrata_, n. sp.,                    × 300   188

  Fig. 11. _Hexancistra quadricuspis_, n. sp.,                  × 300   189

[Illustration: 1.-8. HEXALONCHE, 9.-11. HEXANCISTRA.]



PLATE 23.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Hexadendron bipinnatum_, n. sp.,                     × 400   200

  Fig. 2. _Hexacromyum octahedrum_, n. sp.,                     × 400   202

  Fig. 3. _Hexancistra mirabilis_, n. sp. (= _Hexapitys
      mirabilis_),                                              × 400   189

  The spherical central capsule encloses the concentric
      spherical inner shell (which is filled up by the
      nucleus), and is surrounded by the octahedral outer
      shell. The latter is enveloped by the octahedral
      calymma, which is radially striated and contains
      numerous xanthellæ.

  Fig. 4. _Hexacaryum arborescens_, n. sp.,                     × 400   203

  Fig. 5. _Hexacontium clavigerum_, n. sp.,                     × 300    19

[Illustration: 1. 2. HEXADENDRUM, 3. HEXAPYTIS, 4. HEXACARYUM, 5.
HEXACONTIUM.]



PLATE 24.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Hexacontium sceptrum_, n. sp.,                       × 400   194

  Fig. 1_a_. The two medullary shells.

  Fig. 2. _Hexacontium favosum_, n. sp.,                        × 400   194

  Fig. 2_a_. The two medullary shells.

  Fig. 3. _Hexacontium axotrias_, n. sp.,                       × 300   192

  The six lattice-plates, which form the cortical shell, are
      not yet fully developed.

  Fig. 4. _Hexacontium floridum_, n. sp.,                       × 300   195

  Fig. 4_a_. The two medullary shells.

  Fig. 5. _Hexacontium papillosum_, n. sp.,                     × 400   197

  Fig. 5_a_. The two medullary shells.

  Fig. 6. _Hexacontium lævigatum_, n. sp.,                      × 400   193

  The contours of the two medullary shells are visible in the
      centre.

  Fig. 7. _Hexacontium prionacanthum_, n. sp.,                  × 400   195

  Fig. 7_a_. The two medullary shells, connected with a
      fragment of the cortical shell.

  Fig. 8. _Cubosphæra cubaxonia_, n. sp.,                       × 400   203

  Fig. 8_a_. A single radial spine.

  Fig. 9. _Hexacromyum elegans_, n. sp.,                        × 400   201

  A part of the two cortical shells is broken off.

[Illustration: 1.-7. HEXACONTIUM, 8. 9. HEXACROMYUM.]



PLATE 25.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Hexadoridium streptacanthum_, n. sp.,                × 400   206

  Fig. 1_a_. The two concentric medullary shells.

  Fig. 2. _Hexalonche amphisiphon_, n. sp.,                     × 300   182

  Fig. 2_a_. Medullary shell connected with a fragment of the
      cortical shell.

  Fig. 2_b_. Vertical section through the wall of the
      cortical shell. (Below the centre of the Plate, also
      lettered 3_a_ by mistake.)

  Fig. 3. _Hexalonche rosetta_, n. sp.,                         × 400   180

  Fig. _3a_. Medullary shell.

  Fig. _3b_. Vertical section through the wall of the
      cortical shell.

  Fig. 4. _Hexalonche curvicornis_, n. sp.,                     × 300   181

  Outer shell not yet complete, or partly broken off (?).

  Fig. 5. _Hexalonche anaximenis_, n. sp.,                      × 400   183

  Fig. 6. _Hexalonche hystricina_, n. sp.,                      × 300   187

  Fig. 7. _Hexacontium circumtextum_, n. sp.,                   × 400   193

  Fig. 7_a_. Vertical section through the double wall of the
      cortical shell.

  Fig. 8. _Hexacontium gladiatum_, n. sp.,                      × 400   198

  A part of the two outer shells and of the radial spines is
      broken off.

[Illustration: 1. HEXADORAS, 2.-6. HEXALONCHE, 7. 8. HEXACONTIUM.]



PLATE 26.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Coscinomma amphisiphon_, n. sp.,                     × 300   222

  Fig. 1_a_. A piece of the lattice-shell,                      × 600

  Fig. 1_b_. Vertical section through the shell-wall,           × 600

  Fig. 2. _Heliosphæra hexagonaria_, n. sp.,                    × 300   217

  Fig. 3. _Acanthosphæra castanea_, n. sp.,                     × 400   211

  Fig. 4. _Acanthosphæra angulata_, n. sp.,                     × 300   216

  Fig. 5. _Acanthosphæra reticulata_, n. sp.,                   × 300   217

  Fig. 6. _Heliosphæra coronata_, n. sp.,                       × 400   219

  Fig. 6_a_. A single pore with its coronal,                    × 300

  Fig. 7. _Acanthosphæra mucronata_, n. sp.,                    × 400   212

  Fig. 8. _Acanthosphæra clavata_, n. sp.,                      × 400   212

  Fig. 9. _Heliosphæra pectinata_, n. sp.,                      × 400   218

  Fig. 10. _Cenosphæra perforata_, n. sp.,                      × 400    66

  Fig. 11. _Cenosphæra coronata_, n. sp.,                       × 400    67

[Illustration: 1. 2. HELIOSPHAERA, 3.-9. ACANTHOSPHAERA, 10. 11.
CERIOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 27.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family ASTROSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cladococcus pinetum_, n. sp.,                        × 300   226

  Fig. 2. _Cladococcus scoparius_, n. sp.,                      × 300   225

  Fig. 3. _Cladococcus abietinus_, n. sp.,                      × 300   226

  The central capsule, enclosed originally in the shell,
      sends out numerous club-shaped apophyses through the
      pores of the lattice-sphere. The central spherical
      nucleus fills up half the shell-cavity.

  Fig. 4. _Cladococcus stalactites_, n. sp.,                    × 300   227

  Fig. 5. _Cladococcus dendrites_, n. sp.,                      × 200   227

[Illustration: CLADOCOCCUS.]



PLATE 28.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA.


  Fig. 1. _Haliomma lirianthus_, n. sp.,                        × 300   232

  Fig. 1_a_. Medullary shell,                                   × 300

  Fig. _1b_. Three pores of the cortical shell,                 × 900

  Fig. 2. _Carposphæra nodosa_, n. sp.,                         × 300    76

  Fig. 2_a_. The medullary shell is visible, the upper half
      of the cortical shell being taken off,                    × 300

  Fig. 3. _Heliosoma radians_, n. sp.,                          × 300   240

  Fig. 3_a_. Medullary shell,                                   × 300

  Fig. 4. _Heliosoma hastatum_, n. sp.,                         × 400   241

  Fig. 5. _Haliomma compactum_, n. sp.,                         × 400   239

  Fig. 5_a_. The upper half of the cortical shell is removed,   × 300

  Fig. 6. _Haliomma macrodoras_, n. sp.,                        × 400   238

  Fig. 7. _Haliomma circumtextum_, n sp.,                       × 400   233

  Fig. 8. _Elatomma juniperinum_, n. sp.,                       × 400   243

  Fig. 8_a_. Medullary shell,                                   × 400

[Illustration: 1. 2. ANTHOMMA, 3. HELIOSOMA, 4.-7. HALIOMMA, 8. ELATOMMA.]



PLATE 29.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family ASTROSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Echinomma toxopneustes_, n. sp.,                     × 400   259

  Fig. 2. _Echinomma sphærechinus_, n. sp.,                     × 400   258

  Fig. 3. _Actinomma denticulatum_, n. sp.,                     × 400   254

  Fig. 4. _Actinomma pachyderma_, n. sp.,                       × 400   254

  The half of the cortical shell is removed.

  Fig. 5. _Actinomma pachyderma_, n. sp.,                       × 400   254

  Fig. 6. _Actinomma capillaceum_, n. sp.,                      × 300   255

  Fig. 7. _Actinomma arcadophorum_, n. sp.,                     × 400   255

  A part of the two outer shells is removed.

  Fig. 8. _Actinomma arcadophorum_, n. sp.,                     × 400   255

  Inner medullary shell.

  Fig. 9. _Pityomma drymodes_, n. sp.,                          × 300   260

  A part of the two outer shells is removed.

[Illustration: 1.-8. ACTINOMMA, 9. PITYOMMA.]



PLATE 30.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cromyechinus icosacanthus_, n. sp.,                  × 300   263

  Fig. 2. _Cromyomma villosum_, n. sp.,                         × 300   261

  Fig. 3. _Cromyechinus dodecacanthus_, n. sp.,                 × 400   264

  Fig. 3_a_. The innermost shells.

  Fig. 4. _Cromyomma circumtextum_, n. sp.,                     × 300   262

  Fig. 5. _Cromyomma mucronatum_, n. sp.,                       × 200   263

  Fig. 5_a_. The innermost shells.

  Fig. 6. _Cromyodrymus abietinus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   265

  Fig. 7. _Cromyodrymus quadricuspis_, n. sp.,                  × 400   264

  Fig. 7_a_. The inner concentric shells.

  Fig. 8. _Cromyomma perspicuum_, n. sp.,                       × 300   262

  Fig. 9. _Cromyosphæra quadruplex_, n. sp.,                    × 300    84

  Fig. 9_a_. The innermost shells.

[Illustration: 1.-5. CROMYOMMA, 6. 7. CROMYODRYMUS, 8. 9. CROMYOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 31.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Families CENODISCIDA et PHACODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Sethostaurus orthostaurus_, n. sp.,                  × 300   433

  Fig. 2. _Sethostaurus orthostaurus_, n. sp.,                  × 300   433

  Vertical section through the centrum.

  Fig. 3. _Sethostaurus recurvatus_, n. sp.,                    × 100   434

  Optical section through the equatorial plane.

  Fig. 4. _Sethostaurus rhombostaurus_, n. sp.,                 × 100   434

  Optical section through the equatorial plane.

  Fig. 5. _Sethostaurus cruciatus_, n. sp. (vel _Heliostaurus
      cruciatus_),                                              × 300   434

  Fig. 6. _Phacostaurus oceanidum_, n. sp.,                     × 300   435

  Fig. 7. _Phacostaurus magnificus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   436

  Fig. 8. _Phacostaurus magnificus_, n. sp.,                    × 200   436

  Vertical section through the centrum.

  Fig. 9. _Sethostylus distyliscus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   428

  Fig. 10. _Sethostylus dicylindrus_, n. sp.,                   × 300   428

  Marginal view.

  Fig. 11. _Stylodiscus endostylus_, n. sp. (vel _Sethostylus
      endostylus_),                                             × 300   413

  Fig. 12. _Phacostylus amphistylus_, n. sp.,                   × 300   430

[Illustration: 1.-4. SETHOSTAURUS, 5. HELIOSTAURUS, 6. PHACOSTAURUS, 7. 8.
ASTROSTAURUS, 9.-11. SETHOSTYLUS, 12. PHACOSTYLUS.]



PLATE 32.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PHACODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Astrophacus solaris_, n. sp.,                        × 300   453

  Fig. 2. _Astrophacus apollinis_, n. sp.,                      × 300   455

  Fig. 3. _Astrophacus phacodiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 300   454

  Vertical section through the centrum.

  Fig. 4. _Astrosestrum ephyra_, n. sp.,                        × 300   442

  Fig. 4_a_. Transverse section through the double medullary
      shell,                                                    × 300   442

  Fig. 5. _Astrosestrum nauphanta_, n. sp.,                     × 300   442

  Fig. 6. _Phacostylus caudatus_, n. sp. (vel _Astrosestrum
      caudatum_),                                               × 200   431

  Fig. 7. _Perizona scutella_, n. sp.,                          × 400   427

  Fig. 8. _Perizona pterygota_, n. sp.,                         × 400   427

  Fig. 8_a_. Medullary shells and radial beams connecting
      them with the disk,                                       × 300   427

[Illustration: 1.-3. ASTROPHACUS, 4.-6. ASTROSESTRUM, 7. 8. PERIZONA.]



PLATE 33.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PHACODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Sethodiscus lenticula_, n. sp.,                      × 300   423

  Fig. 2. _Sethodiscus lenticula_, n. sp.,                      × 300   423

  Vertical section.

  Fig. 3. _Sethodiscus macrococcus_, n. sp.,                    × 300   423

  Young shell, not yet closed, seen from the margin.

  Fig. 4. _Periphæna cincta_, n. sp.,                           × 400   426

  Fig. 5. _Triactiscus tricuspis_, n. sp.,                      × 300   432

  Marginal view.

  Fig. 6. _Triactiscus tripyramis_, n. sp.,                     × 400   432

  Fig. 7. _Heliodiscus cingillum_, n. sp.,                      × 300   448

  Fig. 8. _Heliodiscus asteriscus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   445

  Fig. 9. _Heliodrymus dendrocyclus_, n. sp.(vel _Heliocladus
      dendrocyclus_),                                           × 300   451

[Illustration: 1.-3. SETHODISCUS, 4. PERIPHAENA, 5. 6. TRIACTIS, 7. 8.
HELIODISCUS, 9. HELIOCLADUS.]



PLATE 34.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PHACODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Sethostylus dentatus_, n. sp. (vel _Heliostylus
      dentatus_),                                               × 300   429

  Upper half of the disk.

  Fig. 2. _Sethostylus serratus_, n. sp. (vel _Heliostylus
      serratus_),                                               × 300   429

  Lower half of the disk.

  Fig. 3. _Heliosestrum octonum_, n. sp.,                       × 300   440

  Fig. 4. _Heliodiscus solaster_, n. sp.,                       × 300   447

  Fig. 5. _Heliodiscus echiniscus_, n. sp.,                     × 400   448

  Fig. 6. _Heliosestrum medusinum_, n. sp.,                     × 300   438

  Fig. 7. _Sethostaurus conostaurus_, n. sp.,                   × 100   433

  Normal form with four regular spines.

  Fig. 8. _Sethostaurus conostaurus_, n. sp.,                   × 100   433

  Abnormal form with five spines.

  Fig. 9. _Heliodiscus marginatus_, n. sp.,                     × 100   449

  Fig. 10. _Heliodiscus trochiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 100   445

  Fig. 11. _Heliodiscus polymorphus_, n. sp.,                   × 100   447

  Fig. 12. _Heliodiscus polymorphus_, n. sp.,                   × 100   447

  Fig. 13. _Heliodiscus trochiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 100   445

  Fig. 14. _Astrophacus trochiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 100   453

[Illustration: 1. 2. HELIOSTYLUS, 3.-14. HELIODISCUS.]



PLATE 35.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PHACODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Heliodiscus pertusus_, n. sp. (vel _Heliosestrum
      pertusum_),                                               × 400   448

  Irregular form with ten (instead of eight) larger latticed
      spines.

  Fig. 2. _Heliodiscus glyphodon_, n. sp. (vel _Heliosestrum
      glyphodon_),                                              × 300   446

  Fig. 3. _Heliodrymus ramosus_, n. sp.,                        × 300   452

  Fig. 4. _Heliodrymus ramosus_, n. sp.,                        × 500   452

  Medullary shell and a segment of the disk.

  Fig. 5. _Heliodrymus viminalis_, n. sp.,                      × 400   452

  Marginal view.

  Fig. 6. _Phacodiscus clypeus_, n. sp.,                        × 400   425

  Fig. 7. _Phacodiscus rotula_, n. sp.,                         × 400   424

  Marginal view.

  Fig. 8. _Phacodiscus lentiformis_, n. sp.,                    × 400   425

  Vertical section nearly through the centre.

  Fig. 9. _Phacodiscus clypeus_, n. sp.,                        × 400   425

  Vertical section nearly through the centre.

[Illustration: 1. 2. HELIOSESTRUM, 3.-5. HELIODRYMUS, 6.-9. PHACODISCUS.]



PLATE 36.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family COCCODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Coccodiscus lamarckii_, n. sp.,                      × 500   459

  The left half of the figure represents a horizontal section
      through the peripheral shell, the right half a view of
      the surface.

  Fig. 2. _Coccodiscus goethei_, n. sp.,                        × 500   461

  Vertical section nearly through the centre.

  Fig. 3. _Lithocyclia lenticula_, n. sp.,                      × 400   459

  Fig. 4. _Lithocyclia lenticula_, n. sp.,                      × 400   459

  Vertical section through the centre.

  Fig. 5. _Coccocyclia helianthus_, n. sp.,                     × 400   468

  Fig. 6. _Coccocyclia helianthus_, n. sp.,                     × 500   468

  Vertical section through the outer medullary shell, showing
      the inner.

  Fig. 7. _Astrocyclia solaster_, n. sp.,                       × 300   466

  Fig. 8. _Astrocyclia heterocycla_, n. sp.,                    × 400   468

  Horizontal section through the equatorial plane.

[Illustration: 1. 2. COCCODISCUS, 3. 4. LITHOCYCLIA, 5. 6. COCCOCYCLIA, 7.
8. ASTROCYCLIA]



PLATE 37.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family COCCODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Staurocyclia cruciata_, n. sp.,                      × 400   465

  Fig. 2. _Staurocyclia phacostaurus_, n. sp.,                  × 300   465

  Fig. 3. _Staurocyclia phacostaurus_, n. sp.,                  × 300   465

  Vertical section through the centre.

  Fig. 4. _Staurocyclia magniducis_, n. sp. (_Coccostaurus
      magniducis_),                                             × 300   466

  Fig. 5. _Trigonocyclia triangularis_, n. sp.,                 × 400   464

  Fig. 6. _Stylocyclia prionacantha_, n. sp.,                   × 500   462

  A great part of the peripheral shell is removed.

  Fig. 7. _Amphicyclia amphistyla_, n. sp.,                     × 300   464

  Vertical section through the centre.

  Fig. 8. _Stylocyclia excavata_, n. sp.,                       × 200   463

  Vertical section through the centre.

[Illustration: 1.-3. STAUROCYCLIA, 4. COCCOSTAURUS, 5. TRIGONOCYCLIA, 6.-8.
STYLOCYCLIA.]



PLATE 38.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family COCCODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Amphicyclia chronometra_, n. sp.,                    × 400   463

  Fig. 2. _Amphicyclia pachydiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 500   464

  Vertical section through the centre.

  Fig. 3. _Amphiactura amphibrachia_, n. sp.,                   × 300   470

  Fig. 4. _Amphiactura amphibrachia_, n. sp.,                   × 150   470

  Vertical section through the centre.

  Fig. 5. _Diplactura diploconus_, n. sp.,                      × 300   470

  Fig. 6. _Trigonactura triacantha_, n. sp.,                    × 200   472

  Fig. 7. _Trigonactura triacantha_, n. sp.,                    × 400   472

  Vertical section nearly through the centre.

  Fig. 8. _Hymenactura archimedis_, n. sp.,                     × 300   473

  Fig. 9. _Hymenactura copernici_, n. sp.,                      × 200   475

[Illustration: 1. 2. AMPHICYCLIA, 3.-5. AMPHIACTURA, 6. 7. TRIGONACTURA, 8.
9. HYMENACTURA.]



PLATE 39.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order PRUNOIDEA.

Families ELLIPSIDA, DRUPPULIDA, ARTISCIDA et CYPHINIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cenellipsis faceta_, n. sp. (vel _Ellipsis
      faceta_),                                                 × 300   291

  Fig. 2. _Cenellipsis infundibulum_, n. sp. (vel _Ellipsis
      infundibulum_),                                           × 300   292

  Fig. 3. _Druppula pandanus_, n. sp. (vel _Coccymelium
      pandanus_),                                               × 300   308

  Fig. 4. _Prunulum coccymelium_, n. sp. (vel _Coccymelium
      prunulum_),                                               × 300   313

  Fig. 5. _Prunocarpus artocarpium_, n. sp. (vel _Artocarpium
      indicum_),                                                × 300   316

  Fig. 6. _Pipettella prismatica_, n. sp.,                      × 300   305

  Fig. 7. _Pipetta tuba_, n. sp.,                               × 300   337

  Fig. 8. _Pipetta fusus_, n. sp.,                              × 300   337

  Fig. 8_a_. The enclosed medullary shell.

  Fig. 9. _Artiscus nodosus_, n. sp. (vel _Artidium
      nodosum_),                                                × 400   356

  Fig. 10. _Cannartus violina_, n. sp.,                         × 300   358

  Fig. 11. _Cyphonium cribellum_, n. sp.,                       × 200   365

  Fig. 12. _Cyphonium virgineum_, n. sp. (vel _Ommatospyris
      virginea_),                                               × 400   363

  Fig. 12_a_. Vertical section through the double medullary
      shell.

  Fig. 13. _Cypassis puella_, n. sp. (vel _Didymospyris
      puella_),                                                 × 400   367

  The enclosed central capsule is visible.

  Fig. 14. _Cyphinus amphilophus_, N. sp.,                      × 300   370

  Fig. 15. _Pipettaria tubaria_, n. sp.,                        × 300   339

  Fig. 16. _Cannartidium mammiferum_, n. sp.,                   × 300   375

  Fig. 17. _Cannartidium mastophorum_, n. sp.,                  × 150   375

  Fig. 18. _Cannartidium bicinctum_, n. sp.,                    × 300   374

  Fig. 18_a_. Vertical section through the main axis.

  Fig. 19. _Cannartiscus amphiconiscus_, n. sp.,                × 300   372

[Illustration: 1. 2. ELLIPSIS, 3. 4. COCCYMELIUM, 5. ARTOCARPIUM, 6.
PIPETTELLA, 7. 8. PIPETTA, 9. ARTIDIUM, 10. CANNARTUS, 11. 12.
OMMATOSPYRIS, 13. DIDYMOSPYRIS, 14. CYPHINIDIUM, 15.-19. CANNARTIDIUM.]



PLATE 40.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order PRUNOIDEA.

Families PANARTIDA et ZYGARTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Panartus diploconus_, n. sp.,                        × 300   379

  Fig. 2. _Panartus pluteus_, n. sp.,                           × 300   382

  Fig. 3. _Panartus tetrathalamus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   378

  Fig. 4. _Panicium coronatum_, n. sp. (vel _Panartidium
      coronatum_),                                              × 300   386

  Fig. 5. _Peripanartus amphiconus_, n. sp.,                    × 300   383

  Fig. 6. _Peripanartus cylindrus_, n. sp.,                     × 150   384

  Fig. 7. _Peripanartus atractus_, n. sp.,                      × 300   384

  Fig. 8. _Peripanicium amphicorona_, n. sp.,                   × 300   387

  Fig. 9. _Panarium tubularium_, n. sp.,                        × 300   390

  Fig. 10. _Ommatocampe nereides_, n. sp.,                      × 300   394

  Fig. 11. _Cyphocolpus virginis_, n. sp. (vel _Zygartus
      virginis_)                                                × 300   369

  Fig. 12. _Desmartus larvalis_, n. sp. (vel _Zygartus
      larvalis_),                                               × 300   398

  Fig. 13. _Zygartus chrysalis_, n. sp. (vel _Zygocampe
      chrysalis_),                                              × 400   401

[Illustration: 1.-3. PANARTUS, 4. PANARTIDIUM, 5.-8. PERIPANARTUS, 9.
PANARIUM, 10. OMMATOCAMPE, 11.-13. ZYGARTUS.]



PLATE 41.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Families PORODISCIDA et SPONGODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Porodiscus flustrella_, n. sp.,                      × 300   493

  Fig. 2. _Porodiscus perispira_, n. sp.,                       × 200   495

  The rings alone (equatorial section).

  Fig. 3. _Porodiscus quadrigatus_, n. sp.,                     × 200   494

  The rings alone (equatorial section).

  Fig. 4. _Porodiscus semispiralis_, n. sp.,                    × 500   497

  Fig. 5. _Perichlamydium saturnus_, n. sp.,                    × 300   499

  Fig. 6. _Porodiscus centrospira_, n. sp. (vel
      _Perispongidium centrospira_),                            × 200   495

  The rings alone (equatorial section).

  Fig. 7. _Porodiscus irregularis_, n. sp. (vel
      _Perispongidium irregulare_),                             × 200   498

  The rings alone (equatorial section).

  Fig. 8. _Stylodictya heliospira_, n. sp.,                     × 400   512

  Fig. 9. _Stylodictya centrospira_, n. sp.,                    × 400   512

  Fig. 10. _Stylochlamydium asteriscus_, n. sp.,                × 400   514

  Fig. 11. _Stylotrochus geddesii_, n. sp.,                     × 300   585

[Illustration: 1.-4. PORODISCUS, 5. PERICHLAMYDIUM. 6. 7. PERISPONGIDIUM,
8.-9. STYLODICTYA, 10. STYLOCHLAMYDIUM, 11. STYLOSPONGIDIUM.]



PLATE 42.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PORODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Staurodictya elegans_, n. sp.,                       × 500   507

  Fig. 2. _Staurodictya ciliata_, n. sp.,                       × 400   506

  Fig. 3. _Staurodictya medusa_, n. sp.,                        × 400   506

  Fig. 4. _Staurodictya cruciata_, n. sp.,                      × 300   507

  Fig. 5. _Staurodictya cruciata_, n. sp.,                      × 300   507

  Vertical section through the disk.

  Fig. 6. _Staurodictya grandis_, n. sp.,                       × 300   508

  Vertical section through the disk.

  Fig. 7. _Tripodictya triacantha_, n. sp.,                     × 400   505

  Fig. 8. _Tripodictya trigonaria_, n. sp.,                     × 400   505

  Fig. 9. _Tripodictya tribelonia_, n. sp.,                     × 400   505

  Vertical section through the disk.

  Fig. 10. _Xiphodictya amphibelonia_, n. sp.,                  × 300   503

  Marginal view.

  Fig. 11. _Xiphodictya amphirrhopalia_, n. sp.,                × 400   504

  Fig. 12. _Xiphodictya staurospira_, n. sp.,                   × 500   504

[Illustration: 1.-6. STAURODICTYA, 7.-9. TRIPODICTYA, 10.-12. XIPHODICTYA.]



PLATE 43.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PORODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Rhopalastrum malleus_, n. sp.,                       × 100   527

  Fig. 2. _Rhopalastrum ypsilinum_, n. sp.,                     ×  50   528

  Fig. 3. _Rhopalastrum hexaceros_, n. sp.,                     × 100   529

  Fig. 4. _Rhopalastrum triceros_, n. sp.,                      ×  50   529

  Fig. 5. _Rhopalastrum trispinosum_, n. sp. (vel
      _Dictyastrum trispinosum_),                               × 150   525

  Fig. 6. _Rhopalastrum arcticum_, n. sp.,                      × 300   539

  Fig. 7. _Rhopalastrum hexagonum_, n. sp. (vel _Dictyastrum
      hexagonum_),                                              × 100   525

  Fig. 8. _Rhopalastrum irregulare_, n. sp.,                    × 100   528

  Fig. 9. _Euchitonia lanceolata_, n. sp.,                      ×  80   534

  Fig. 10. _Euchitonia carcinus_, n. sp.,                       × 300   535

  Fig. 11. _Euchitonia echinata_, n. sp.,                       × 120   536

  Fig. 12. _Euchitonia stohrii_, n. sp.,                        × 100   534

  Fig. 13. _Hymeniastrum euclidis_, n. sp.,                     × 200   531

  Fig. 14. _Chitonastrum jugatum_, n. sp.,                      × 200   537

  Fig. 15. _Chitonastrum lyra_, n. sp.,                         × 500   538

  A living specimen observed. The entire shell is enveloped
      by the calymma and surrounded by radiating pseudopodia
      (drawn much too short). Between the two paired arms
      arises a large "sarcode-flagellum." The central chamber
      and the first enveloping ring are filled by the clear
      nucleus; the other rings and all the chambers of the
      arms contain numerous pink oil-globules.

  Fig. 16. _Trigonastrum regulare_, n. sp. (vel _Chitonastrum
      regulare_),                                               × 200   539

[Illustration: 1.-8. RHOPALASTRUM, 9.-11. HYMENIASTRUM, 12. 13. EUCHITONIA,
14. 15. DICTYASTRUM, 16. CHITONASTRUM.]



PLATE 44.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PORODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Stephanastrum capitatum_, n. sp.,                    × 200   549

  Fig. 2. _Pentinastrum asteriscus_, n. sp.,                    × 300   557

  Fig. 3. _Pentalastrum ophidiaster_, n. sp.,                   × 100   557

  Fig. 4. _Hexinastrum geryonidum_, n. sp.,                     × 300   560

  Fig. 5. _Hexalastrum orchidaceum_, n. sp.,                    ×  50   560

  Fig. 6. _Amphibrachium dilatatum_, n. sp.,                    ×  50   517

  Fig. 7. _Amphymenium zygartus_, n. sp.,                       × 400   520

  Fig. 8. _Amphymenium pupula_, n. sp.,                         × 300   519

  Fig. 9. _Amphymenium amphistylium_, n. sp.,                   × 200   520

  Fig. 10. _Amphicraspedum murrayanum_, n. sp.,                 × 300   523

  Fig. 11. _Amphymenium monstrosum_, n. sp.,                    × 300   520

[Illustration: 1. STEPHANASTRUM, 2. 3. PENTALASTRUM, 4. 5. HEXALASTRUM, 6.
AMPHIBRACHIUM, 7.-11. AMPHYMENIUM.]



PLATE 45.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PORODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Stauralastrum rhopalophorum,_ n. sp.,                × 200   541

  Fig. 2. _Dicranastrum cornutum_, n. sp.,                      × 200   551

  Fig. 3. _Hagiastrum mosis_, n. sp.,                           × 100   543

  Fig. 4. _Hagiastrum mosis_, n. sp.,                           ×  50   543

  Lateral view, from the edge.

  Fig. 5. _Hagiastrum buddhæ_, n. sp.,                          ×  50   542

  Fig. 6. _Stauralastrum cruciforme_, n. sp. (in glycerine),    × 500   540

  The central capsule contains a large central nucleus with
      nucleolus, and is surrounded by the jelly calymma and
      numerous small zooxanthellæ. The endoplasm is radially
      striped.

  Fig. 7. _Tesserastrum democriti_, n. sp.,                     × 100   548

  Fig. 8. _Tesserastrum straussii_, n. sp.,                     × 500   547

  Fig. 9. _Tesserastrum brunonis_, n. sp.,                      × 200   548

  Disk seen from the edge.

  Fig. 10. _Amphirhopalum echinatum_, n. sp.,                   × 300   522

  Fig. 11. _Amphicraspedum maclaganium_, n. sp.,                × 100   523

  Fig. 12. _Amphicraspedum wyvilleanum_, n. sp.,                × 300   523

[Illustration: 1.-6. HAGIASTRUM, 7.-9. HISTIASTRUM, 10. AMPHIRHOPALUM, 11.
12. AMPHICRASPEDUM.]



PLATE 46.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PORODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Histiastrum boseanum_, n. sp.,                       × 400   546

  Fig. 2. _Histiastrum pentadiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 200   546

  Fig. 3. _Histiastrum quadrigatum_, n. sp.,                    × 300   544

  Fig. 4. _Histiastrum velatum_, n. sp.,                        × 200   545

  Fig. 5. _Stephanastrum quadratum_, n. sp.,                    × 200   549

[Illustration: 1.-3. HISTIASTRUM, 4. DICTYASTRUM, 5. STEPHANASTRUM.]



PLATE 47.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family PORODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Dicranastrum bifurcatum_, n. sp.,                    × 200   552

  Fig. 1_a._ Central disc of the same,                          × 600

  Fig. 2. _Dicranastrum furcatum_, n. sp.,                      × 100   550

  Fig. 3. _Dicranastrum wyvillei_, n. sp.,                      × 100   551

  Fig. 4. _Pentophiastrum forcipatum_, n. sp.,                  ×  50   559

  Fig. 5. _Pentophiastrum caudatum_, n. sp.,                    ×  50   559

  Fig. 6. _Myelastrum papilio_, n. sp.,                         ×  50   554

  Fig. 7. _Myelastrum decaceros_, n. sp.,                       ×  20   554

  Fig. 8. _Myelastrum heteropterum_, n. sp.,                    ×  20   553

  Fig. 9. _Myelastrum anomalum_, n. sp.,                        ×  50   556

  Fig. 10. _Myelastrum farfalla_, n. sp.,                       ×  50   554

  Fig. 11. _Myelastrum dodecaceros_, n. sp.,                    × 100   554

  Fig. 12. _Myelastrum octocorne_, n. sp.,                      ×  90   553

  Fig. 13. _Myelastrum medullare_, n. sp.,                      ×  50   553

[Illustration: 1. 2. DICRANASTRUM, 3. TRICANASTRUM, 4. 5. PENTALASTRUM,
6.-13. MYELASTRUM.]



PLATE 48.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Orders PRUNOIDEA ET DISCOIDEA.

Families ELLIPSIDA, ARTISCIDA, SPONGURIDA, CENODISCIDA, PORODISCIDA et
PYLODISCIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cenodiscus phacoides_, n. sp.,                       × 100   411

  Fig. 1_a._ Vertical section.

  Fig. 2. _Crucidiscus endostaurus_, n. sp.,                    × 200   416

  Equatorial section.

  Fig. 3. _Trochodiscus stellaris_, n. sp.,                     × 200   418

  Fig. 4. _Axoprunum stauraxonium_, n. sp.,                     × 300   298

  Equatorial section.

  Fig. 5. _Stylartus bipolaris_, n. sp.,                        × 200   357

  Vertical section.

  Fig. 6. _Spongocore puella_, n. sp.,                          × 300   347

  Fig. 7. _Spongoprunum amphilonche_, n. sp.,                   × 300   347

  Fig. 8. _Stomatodiscus osculatus_, n. sp.,                    × 600   503

  Fig. 9. _Archidiscus stauroniscus_, n. sp.,                   × 400   487

  Fig. 9_a._ Marginal view.

  Fig. 10. _Archidiscus hexoniscus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   488

  Fig. _10a._ Marginal view.

  Fig. 11. _Archidiscus pyloniscus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   488

  Fig. _11a._ Marginal view.

  Fig. 12. _Triolena primordialis_, n. sp.,                     × 800   564

  Fig. 13. _Triopyle hexagona_, n. sp.,                         × 600   565

  Fig. 14. _Triodiscus spinosus_, n. sp.,                       × 600   565

  Fig. 15. _Pylolena armata_, n. sp.,                           × 300   568

  Fig. 16. _Hexapyle dodecantha_, n. sp.,                       × 300   569

  Fig. 17. _Pylodiscus triangularis_, n. sp.,                   × 400   570

  Fig. 18. _Discozonium hexagonium_, n. sp.,                    × 400   572

  Fig. 19. _Discopyle osculata_, n. sp.,                        × 400   573

  Fig. 20. _Discopyle elliptica_, n. sp.,                       × 400   573

[Illustration: 1.-3. CENODISCUS, 4. AXOPRUNUM, 5. STYLARTUS, 6. SPONGOCORE,
7. SPONGOPRUNUM, 8. STOMATODISCUS, 9.-11. ARCHIDISCUS, 12.-20. PYLODISCUS.]



PLATE 49.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order LARCOIDEA.

Families LITHELIDA, STREBLONIDA, PHORTICIDA et SOREUMIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Spirema melonia_, n. sp.,                            × 300   692

  Fig. 2. _Lithelius solaris_, n. sp. (the first central
      convolutions only),                                       × 300   695

  Fig. 3. _Larcospira quadrangula_, n. sp.,                     × 300   696

  Fig. 4. _Pylospira octopyle_, n. sp.,                         × 300   698

  Fig. 5. _Tholospira cervicornis_, n. sp.,                     × 300   700

  Fig. 6. _Tholospira dendrophora_, n. sp.,                     × 300   700

  Fig. 7. _Spironium octonium_, n. sp.,                         × 300   701

  Fig. 8. _Streblacantha siderolina_, n. sp.,                   × 300   706

  Fig. 8_a_. Outlines of the chambers,                          × 200

  Fig. 9. _Streblopyle helicina_, n. sp.,                       × 300   707

  Fig. 10. _Phorticium pylonium_, n. sp.,                       × 300   709

  Fig. 11. _Spongophortis larnacilla_, n. sp.,                  × 200   711

  Fig. 11_a._ The upper half of the cortical shell is
      removed.

  Figs. 11_b_ to _11d_. The enclosed medullary
      _Larnacilla_-shell. _b_, Dorsal view; _c_, lateral
      view; _d_, basal view.

  Fig. 12. _Soreuma irregulare_, n. sp.,                        × 200   713

  Fig. 13. _Sorolarcus larnacillifer_, n. sp.,                  × 300   715

[Illustration: 1.-7. LITHELIUS, 8. 9. STREBLONIA, 10. 11. PHORTICIUM, 12.
13. SOREUMA.]



PLATE 50.

LEGION SPUMELLARIA.

Order LARCOIDEA.

Families LARCARIDA, LARNACIDA et ZONARIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Larnacilla typus_, n. sp.,                           × 300   617

  From the sagittal pole (dorsal view).

  Fig. 1_a_. From the lateral pole (sagittal section).

  Fig. 1_b_. From the principal pole (equatorial section).

  Fig. 2. _Larnacalpis lentellipsis_, n. sp.,                   × 400   620

  From the sagittal pole (dorsal view).

  Fig. 2_a_. From the lateral pole (sagittal section).

  Fig. 2_b_. From the principal pole (equatorial section).

  Fig. 3. _Larnacalpis triaxonia_, n. sp.,                      × 400   621

  From the sagittal pole (dorsal view).

  Fig. 4. _Larnacantha hexacantha_, n. sp.,                     × 400   622

  From the sagittal pole (dorsal view).

  Fig. 5. _Larnacantha bicruciata_, n. sp.,                     × 300   623

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 6. _Larnacantha prismatica_, n. sp.,                     × 300   623

  Half frontal, half lateral view.

  Fig. 7. _Cenolarcus primordialis_, n. sp.,                    × 300   607

  From the sagittal pole.

  Fig. 7_a_. From the lateral pole.

  Fig. 7_b_. From the principal pole.

  Fig. 8. _Larcidium dodecanthum_, n. sp.,                      × 300   612

  From the sagittal pole.

  Fig. 8_a_. From the principal pole.

  Fig. 9. _Zonarium octangulum_, n. sp.,                        × 300   685

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 10. _Zoniscus tetracanthus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   687

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 11. _Zoniscus hexatholius_, n. sp.,                      × 400   687

  Dorsal view (from the sagittal pole).

  Fig. 11_a_. Lateral view (from the frontal pole).

  Fig. 12. _Zonidium octotholium_, n. sp.,                      × 300   688

  Frontal section (from the sagittal pole).

  Fig. 12_a_. Lateral view (from the frontal pole).

[Illustration: 1. LARNACILLA, 2-6. LARNACALPIS, 7. CENOLARCUS, 8.
LARCIDIUM, 9-12. ZONARIUM.]



PLATE 51.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families TRIPOCALPIDA, PHÆNOCALPIDA et CYRTOCALPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Tripterocalpis phylloptera_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1138

  Fig. 2. _Tripterocalpis conoptera_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1138

  Fig. 3. _Tripterocalpis ogmoptera_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1138

  Fig. 4. _Tripterocalpis ogmoptera_, n. sp.,                   × 500  1138

  A group of confluent pores, more enlarged.

  Fig. 5. _Tripterocalpis ogmoptera_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1138

  Central capsule. In the centre the striate podoconus, above
      it four oil-globules, to the right the nucleus.

  Fig. 6. _Tripocalpis triserrata_, n. sp.,                     × 600  1136

  Fig. 7. _Tridictyopus conicus_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1145

  Fig. 8. _Tridictyopus vatillum_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1145

  Fig. 9. _Cyrtophormis spiralis_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1166

  Fig. 10. _Archicorys ovata_, n. sp.,                          × 300  1185

  Fig. 11. _Cyrtocalpis gromia_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1188

  Fig. 12. _Archicorys microstoma_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1185

  Fig. 13. _Cyrtocalpis urceolus_, n. sp.,                      × 500  1186

  The ovate central capsule exhibits in the lower half the
      podoconus, in the upper half the spherical nucleus and
      three oil-globules. Between the capsule and the shell
      numerous xanthellæ, partly protruded through the
      shell-mouth along the radiating pseudopodia.

[Illustration: 1.-6. TRIPTEROCALPIS, 7. 8. TRIDICTYOPUS, 9.-13.
CYRTOCALPIS.]



PLATE 52.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families TRIPOCALPIDA, PHÆNOCALPIDA, CYRTOCALPIDA et ANTHOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cyrtophormis pila_, n. sp.,                          × 300  1165

  Fig. 2. _Cyrtophormis ærostatica_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1166

  Fig. 3. _Cyrtophormis ærostatica_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1166

  Longitudinal section.

  Fig. 4. _Cyrtocalpis sethopora_, n. sp.,                      × 600  1187

  Fig. 5. _Cyrtocalpis lithomitra_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1187

  Fig. 6. _Cyrtocalpis lithomitra_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1187

  Longitudinal section.

  Fig. 7. _Cyrtocalpis compacta_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1187

  Fig. 8. _Cyrtocalpis compacta_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1187

  Longitudinal section.

  Fig. 9. _Carpocanistrum flosculum_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1171

  Fig. 10. _Carpocanistrum cephalum_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1171

  Fig. 11. _Carpocanistrum evacuatum_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1172

  Fig. 12. _Carpocanium verecundum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1284

  Vertical section through the top of the shell.

  Fig. 13. _Carpocanium verecundum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1284

  Fig. 14. _Carpocanium irregulare_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1284

  Fig. 15. _Carpocanium hexagonale_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1282

  Fig. 16. _Carpocanium peristomium_, n. sp.,                   × 500  1283

  Fig. 17. _Carpocanium peristomium_, n. sp.,                   × 500  1283

  Vertical section.

  Fig. 18. _Carpocanium trepanium_, n. sp.,                     × 600  1282

  Peristome.

  Fig. 19. _Carpocanium petalospyris_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1283

  Fig. 20. _Carpocanium virgineum_, n. sp.,                     × 600  1285

  Fig. 21. _Tripodiscium sphærocephalum_, n. sp.,               × 400  1144

  Fig. 22. _Tripodiscium tristylospyris_, n. sp. (vel
      _Tristylospyris tripodiscium_),                           × 600  1143

  Fig. 23. _Tripodiscium ramosum_, n. sp. (vel
      _Tristylospyris ramosa_),                                 × 600  1144

[Illustration: 1.-8. CYRTOCALPIS, 9.-20. CARPOCANIUM, 21.-23.
TRIPODISCIUM.]



PLATE 53.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Orders SPYROIDEA ET CYRTOIDEA.

Families ZYGOSPYRIDA, TRIPOCALPIDA, PHÆNOCALPIDA et CYRTOCALPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Archicapsa triforis_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1191

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 2. _Archicapsa triforis_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1191

  Basal view.

  Fig. 3. _Halicapsa triglochin_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1190

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 4. _Halicapsa triglochin_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1191

  Basal view.

  Fig. 5. _Halicapsa hystrix_, n. sp.,                          × 200  1191

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 6. _Halicapsa hystrix_, n. sp.,                          × 200  1191

  Basal view.

  Fig. 7. _Cantharospyris platybursa_, n. sp. (vel
      _Platybursa compressa_),                                  × 400  1051

  Fig. 8. _Tessarospyris clathrobursa_, n. sp. (vel
      _Clathrobursa dictyopus_),                                × 400  1045

  Fig. 9. _Peridium spinipes_, n. sp.,                          × 500  1154

  Fig. 10. _Peridium palmipes_, n. sp.,                         × 500  1154

  Fig. 11. _Archiscenium quadrispinum_, n. sp.,                 × 500  1150

  In the spherical central capsule the dark nucleus is
      visible.

  Fig. 12. _Euscenium eucolpium_, n. sp.,                       × 500  1147

  Fig. 13. _Cladoscenium ancoratum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1149

  Fig. 14. _Pteroscenium pinnatum_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1152

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 15. _Pteroscenium pinnatum_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1152

  Vertical section.

  Fig. 16. _Pteroscenium pinnatum_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1152

  Basal view.

  Fig. 17. _Calpophæna hexarrhabda_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1176

  Fig. 18. _Calpophæna hexarrhabda_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1176

  Basal plate.

  Fig. 19. _Tetraspyris tetracorethra_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1044

  With the four-lobed central capsule, in each lobe an
      oil-globule.

  Fig. 20. _Tetraspyris tetracorethra_, n. sp.,                 × 800  1044

  Shell more enlarged.

[Illustration: 1. 2. ARCHICAPSA, 3.-6. HALICAPSA, 7. PLATYBURSA, 8.
CLATHROBURSA, 9. 10. ARCHIPERA, 11. 12. ARCHISCENIUM, 13. CLADOSCENIUM,
14.-16. PTEROSCENIUM, 17. 18. ACROCORONA, 19. 20. TETRACORETHRA.]



PLATE 54.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PHÆNOCALPIDA, CYRTOCALPIDA, ANTHOCYRTIDA et SETHOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Bathropyramis quadrata_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1159

  Fig. 2. _Sethopyramis quadrata_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1254

  Fig. 3. _Bathropyramis trapezoides_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1160

  Fig. 4. _Bathropyramis ramosa_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1161

  Fig. 5. _Peripyramis circumtexta_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1162

  Fig. 6. _Plectopyramis dodecomma_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1258

  Fig. 7. _Cinclopyramis infundibulum_, n. sp.,                 × 300  1161

  Fig. 8. _Plectopyramis trapezomma_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1258

  Fig. 9. _Cornutella hexagona_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1180

  Fig. 10. _Cornutella sethoconus_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1180

  Fig. 11. _Sethoconus orthoceras_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1294

  Fig. 12. _Sethoconus bimarginatus_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1295

[Illustration: 1.-4. BATHROPYRAMIS, 5. PERIPYRAMIS, 6.-8. CINCLOPYRAMIS,
9.-12. CORNUTELLA.]



PLATE 55.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PHÆNOCALPIDA, ANTHOCYRTIDA et SETHOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Sethoconus facetus_, n. sp. (vel _Phlebarachnium
      facetum_),                                                × 300  1296

  Upper part of the shell.

  Fig. 2. _Sethoconus venosus_, n. sp. (vel _Phlebarachnium
      venosum_),                                                × 250  1297

  Shell including the four-lobed central capsule.

  Fig. 3. _Sethophormis aurelia_, n. sp. (vel _Leptarachnium
      aurelia_),                                                × 100  1248

  Shell seen from above.

  Fig. 4. _Sethophormis aurelia_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1248

  Cephalis more enlarged, with the enclosed four-lobed
      central capsule.

  Fig. 5. _Cladarachnium ramosum_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1165

  Apical view.

  Fig. 6. _Cladarachnium ramosum_, n. sp.,                      ×  70  1165

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 7. _Bathropyramis interrupta_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1160

  Apical part of the shell, from above.

  Fig. 8. _Litharachnium araneosum_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1163

  Apical part of the shell, from above.

  Fig. 9. _Litharachnium epeira_, n. sp.,                       × 500  1164

  Oblique view of the shell.

  Fig. 10. _Litharachnium araneosum_, n. sp.,                   ×  50  1163

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 11. _Periarachnium periplectum_, n. sp.,                 × 500  1297

  Shell enclosing the trilobed central capsule.

[Illustration: 1. 2. PHLEBARACHNIUM, 3. 4. LEPTARACHNIUM, 5.-10.
LITHARACHNIUM, 11. PERIARACHNIUM.]



PLATE 56.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families TRIPOCYRTIDA, ANTHOCYRTIDA et SETHOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Lithomelissa bütschlii,_ n. sp. (vel _Sethomelissa
      bütschlii_),                                              × 400  1207

  Fig. 2. _Lithomelissa decacantha,_ n. sp. (vel
      _Sethomelissa decacantha_),                               × 400  1208

  Fig. 3. _Psilomelissa calvata,_ n. sp.,                       × 400  1209

  The cephalis alone, with the three collar beams.

  Fig. 4. _Lychnodictyum scaphopodium,_ n. sp.,                 × 400  1231

  Fig. 5. _Sethophormis pentalactis,_ n. sp. (vel
      _Pentaphormis pentalactis_),                              × 400  1244

  Oblique view of the shell, from below.

  Fig. 6. _Sethophormis hexalactis,_ n. sp. (vel _Hexaphormis
      hexalactis_),                                             × 400  1245

  Central part of the shell, with the cortinar septum.

  Fig. 7. _Sethopyramis enneactis,_ n. sp. (vel
      _Cephalopyramis enneactis_),                              × 400  1254

  Fig. 8. _Plectopyramis polypleura,_ n. sp. (vel
      _Sethopyramis polypleura_),                               × 200  1260

  Fig. 9. _Sethophormis eupilium,_ n. sp. (vel _Craspedilium
      eupilium_),                                               × 400  1247

  Fig. 10. _Plectopyramis spongiosa,_ n. sp. (vel
      _Spongopyramis spongiosa_),                               × 400  1261

  Fig. 11. _Arachnocorys araneosa,_ n. sp.,                     × 500  1266

  Fig. 12. _Sethophormis dodecaster,_ n. sp. (vel
      _Astrophormis dodecaster_),                               × 200  1248

  Fig. 13. _Sethocephalus eucecryphalus,_ n. sp.,               × 400  1298

[Illustration: 1. 2. SETHOMELISSA, 3. 4. PSILOMELISSA, 5. PENTAPHORMIS, 6.
HEXAPHORMIS, 7. CEPHALOPYRAMIS, 8. 9. SETHOPYRAMIS, 10. PLECTOPYRAMIS, 11.
12. ARACHNOCORYS, 13. SETHOCEPHALUS.]



PLATE 57.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families TRIPOCYRTIDA, ANTHOCYRTIDA et SETHOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Dicolocapsa microcephala_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1312

  Fig. 2. _Sethocapsa pyriformis_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1310

  Fig. 3. _Lithopera ananassa_, n. sp.,                         × 500  1234

  Fig. 4. _Sethamphora favosa_, n. sp. (vel _Cryptoprora
      favosa_),                                                 × 400  1252

  Fig. 5. _Sethamphora microstoma_, n. sp. (vel _Cryptoprora
      microstoma_),                                             × 300  1252

  Fig. 6. _Clistophæna hexolena_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1287

  Fig. 7. _Clistophæna armata_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1288

  Fig. 8. _Clathromitra pterophormis_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1219

  Fig. 9. _Sethophormis rotula_, n. sp. (vel _Enneaphormis
      rotula_),                                                 × 400  1246

  Fig. 10. _Dictyophimus sphærocephalus_, n. sp.,               × 400  1195

  Fig. 11. _Peromelissa phalacra_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1236

  Fig. 12. _Peromelissa calva_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1237

  Fig. 13. _Sethochytris triconiscus_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1239

  Fig. 14. _Micromelissa bombus_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1235

[Illustration: 1. SETHOCAPSA, 2. 3. LITHOPERA, 4. 5. CRYPTOPRORA, 6. 7.
SETHOPHATNA, 8. PTEROPHORMIS, 9. ENNEAPHORMIS, 10. DICTYOPHIMUS, 11. 12.
PEROMELISSA, 13. SETHOCHYTRIS, 14. SETHOPERA.]



PLATE 58.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families TRIPOCYRTIDA, SETHOCYRTIDA, PHORMOCYRTIDA et THEOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cecryphalium sestrodiscus_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1399

  Apical view.

  Fig. 2. _Cecryphalium lamprodiscus_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1398

  Apical view.

  Fig. 3. _Clathrocyclas coscinodiscus_, n. sp.,                × 400  1389

  Apical view.

  Fig. 4. _Clathrocyclas coscinodiscus_, n. sp.,                × 700  1389

  The cephalis alone, with the two horns.

  Fig. 5. _Clathrocyclas semeles_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1388

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 6. _Sethoconus capreolus_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1291

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 7. _Lampromitra quadricuspis_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1214

  Apical view.

  Fig. 8. _Lampromitra furcata_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1215

  The collar septum after removal of the cephalis.

  Fig. 9. _Lampromitra dendrocorona_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1216

  Apical view.

[Illustration: 1. 2. CECRYPHALIUM, 3.-6. EUCECRYPHALUS. 7.-9. LAMPROMITRA.]



PLATE 59.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families TRIPOCYRTIDA, PODOCYRTIDA et PHORMOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Lampromitra huxleyi_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1215

  Fig. 2. _Amphiplecta callistoma_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1224

  Fig. 3. _Corocalyptra agnesæ_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1323

  Fig. 4. _Corocalyptra emmæ_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1323

  The shell encloses the trilobate central capsule, with the
      trilobate nucleus.

  Fig. 5. _Clathrocyclas cassiopejæ_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1390

  Fig. 6. _Clathrocyclas alcmenæ_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1388

  Fig. 7. _Clathrocyclas latonæ_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1389

  Apical view.

  Fig. 8. _Diplocylas bicorona_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1392

  Fig. 9. _Clathrocyclas ionis_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1389

  Fig. 10. _Corocalyptra elisabethæ_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1323

  Oblique apical view of the shell, with the quadrilobate
      central capsule enclosed.

  Fig. 11. _Clathrocyclas europæ_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1388

  Apical view of the shell, after removal of the cephalis.

  Fig. 12. _Clathrocyclas europæ_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1388

  Central capsule, seen from above, with the quadrilobate
      nucleus.

  Fig. 13. _Clathrocyclas danaës_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1388

  Vertical section through the cephalis and the quadrilobate
      central capsule, with the quadrilobate nucleus.

  Fig. 14. _Clathrocyclas danaës_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1388

  Apical view of the shell.

[Illustration: 1.-10. EUCECRYPHALUS, 11.-14. CECRYPHALIUM.]



PLATE 60.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family TRIPOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Dictyophimus cienkowskii_, n. sp. (vel
      _Lamprotripus squarrosus_),                               × 300  1200

  Shell seen from the side.

  Fig. 2. _Dictyophimus bütschlii_, n. sp. (vel _Lamprotripus
      horridus_),                                               × 300  1201

  Fig. 3. _Dictyophimus hertwigii_, n. sp. (vel _Lamprotripus
      spinosus_),                                               × 400  1201

  The cephalis of the shell includes the central capsule,
      with three lobes depending in the pyramidal thorax.

  Fig. 4. _Dictyophimus platycephalus_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1198

  Central capsule with four thoracic lobes, each of which
      contains an oil-globule; kidney-shaped nucleus in the
      cephalic lobe.

  Fig. 5. _Dictyophimus platycephalus_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1198

  Shell seen from the side.

  Fig. 6. _Dictyophimus brandtii_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1198

  Shell seen from the base, with the four large pores of the
      collar septum, two minor jugular and two major cardinal
      pores.

  Fig. 7. _Lampromitra coronata_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1214

  Shell seen from below, with the quadrilobate central
      capsule.

  Fig. 7_a_. A portion of the shell-margin,                     × 800  1214

  Fig. 8. _Lampromitra arborescens_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1216

  Shell from above.

  Fig. 8_a_. The collar septum with the four crossed rods of
      the cortina,                                              × 400  1216

  Fig. 9. _Tripocyrtis plectaniscus_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1202

  Fig. 10. _Tripocyrtis plagoniscus_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1201

[Illustration: 1.-6. LAMPROTRIPUS, 7.-10. LAMPROMITRA.]



PLATE 61.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family TRIPOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Dictyophimus cortina_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1197

  Fig. 2. _Lychnocanium pudicum_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1230

  Fig. 3. _Dictyophimus longipes_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1197

  Fig. 4. _Lychnocanium clavigerum_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1230

  Fig. 5. _Dictyophimus lasanum_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1197

  Fig. 6. _Lychnocanium favosum_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1225

  Fig. 7. _Lychnocanium lanterna_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1224

  Fig. 8. _Dictyophimus plectaniscus_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1196

  Apical view.

  Fig. 9. _Dictyophimus plectaniscus_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1196

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 10. _Lychnocanium fenestratum_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1228

  Fig. 11. _Lychnocanium pyriforme_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1225

  Fig. 12. _Lychnocanium fortipes_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1227

  Fig. 13. _Lychnocanium tuberosum_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1227

  Fig. 14. _Lychnocanium nodosum_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1225

  Fig. 15. _Lychnocanium sigmopodium_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1228

  Fig. 16. _Dictyophimus pyramis_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1196

  Fig. 17. _Dictyophimus triserratus_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1200

[Illustration: LYCHNOCANIUM]



PLATE 62.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families ANTHOCYRTIDA, SETHOCYRTIDA et PHORMOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Dictyocephalus australis_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1306

  Fig. 2. _Dictyocephalus mediterraneus_, n. sp.,               × 300  1307

  Fig. 3. _Sethamphora costata_, n. sp. (vel _Dictyocephalus
      costatus_),                                               × 300  1251

  Fig. 4. _Dictyocephalus amphora_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1305

  Fig. 5. _Cycladophora (?) favosa_, n. sp. (an
      _Dictyocephalus?_),                                       × 400  1380

  Fig. 6. _Cycladophora (?) favosa_, n. sp. (an
      _Dictyocephalus?_),                                       × 400  1380

  A variety with obliterated ribs (?).

  Fig. 7. _Dictyocephalus globiceps_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1308

  Fig. 8. _Sethocorys achillis_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1301

  Fig. 9. _Sethocyrtis oxycephalis_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1299

  Fig. 10. _Sethocorys odysseus_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1302

  Fig. 11. _Sethocyrtis agamemnonis_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1300

  Seen from above (apical view).

  Fig. 11A. _Sethocyrtis agamemnonis_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1300

  Seen from above, after removal of the cephalis.

  Fig. 12. _Anthocyrtium pyrum_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1276

  Fig. 13. _Anthocyrtis ovata_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1272

  Fig. 14. _Anthocyrtium chrysanthemum_, n. sp                  × 400  1272

  Fig. 15. _Anthocyrtidium ligularia_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1278

  Fig. 16. _Anthocyrtidium cineraria_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1278

  Fig. 17. _Anthocyrtium campanula_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1274

  Fig. 18. _Anthocyrtium doronicum_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1276

  Fig. 19. _Anthocyrtium flosculus_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1277

  Fig. 20. _Anthocyrtium adonis_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1273

  Fig. 21. _Sethoconus anthocyrtis_, n. sp. (vel
      _Anthocyrtium sethoconium_),                              × 300  1296

[Illustration: 1.-7. DICTYOCEPHALUS, 8.-11. LOPHOPHAENA, 12.-21.
ANTHOCYRTIS.]



PLATE 63.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family TRIPOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Callimitra carolotæ_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1217

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 2. _Callimitra annæ_, n. sp.,                            × 400  1217

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 3. _Callimitra emmæ_, n. sp.,                            × 300  1218

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 4. _Callimitra emmæ_, n. sp.,                            × 400  1218

  Cephalis alone, with the enclosed four-lobed central
      capsule, and the internal four divergent beams;
      surrounded by some scattered xanthellæ.

  Fig. 5. _Callimitra agnesæ_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1217

   Dorsal view.

  Fig. 6. _Callimitra elisabethæ_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1218

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 7. _Callimitra carolotæ_, n. sp.,                        × 200  1217

  Seen from above (from the apical pole).

  Fig. 8. _Callimitra carolotæ_, n. sp.,                        × 200  1217

  Seen from below (from the basal pole).

[Illustration: CALLIMITRA.]



PLATE 64.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families TRIPOCYRTIDA et PODOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Clathrocanium sphærocephalum_, n. sp.,               × 600  1211

  Fig. 2. _Clathrocanium diadema_, n. sp.,                      × 600  1212

  Fig. 3. _Clathrocanium triomma_, n. sp.,                      × 600  1211

  Fig. 4. _Clathrocanium reginæ_, n. sp.,                       × 600  1212

  Fig. 5. _Clathrolychnus araneosus_, n. sp.,                   × 600  1240

  Fig. 6. _Clathrolychnus periplectus_, n. sp.,                 × 600  1241

  Fig. 7. _Pteropilium clathrocanium_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1327

  Fig. 8. _Clathrocorys murrayi_, n. sp.,                       × 600  1219

  Fig. 9. _Clathrocorys giltschii_, n. sp.,                     × 600  1220

  Fig. 10. _Clathrocorys teuscheri_, n. sp.,                    × 600  1220

[Illustration: 1.-4. CLATHROCANIUM, 5.-7. CLATHROLYCHNUS, 8.-10.
CLATHROCORYS.]



PLATE 65.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family PHORMOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Alacorys friderici_, n. sp. (vel _Hexalacorys
      friderici_),                                              × 400  1372

  The central capsule, enclosed in the fenestrated shell,
      exhibits in its lower half four large club-shaped
      lobes, each of which includes in its upper part a large
      oil-globule. The uppermost, undivided part of the
      capsule includes the nucleus, which protrudes four
      small nuclear lobes through the four holes of the
      cortinar septum into the thorax. Numerous long
      pseudopodia arise from the granular sarcomatrix, which
      the capsule surrounds, and pass through the pores of
      the siliceous shell.

  Fig. 2. _Alacorys guilelmi_, n. sp. (vel _Hexalacorys
      guilelmi_),                                               × 300  1372

  Fig. 3. _Alacorys bismarckii_, n. sp. (vel _Pentalacorys
      bismarckii_),                                             × 200  1372

  Fig. 4. _Alacorys lutheri_, n. sp. (vel _Tetralacorys
      lutheri_),                                                × 400  1370

  Fig. 5. _Cycladophora goetheana_, n. sp. (vel _Lampterium
      goetheanum_),                                             × 300  1376

[Illustration: 1. 2. HEXALACORYS, 3. PENTALACORYS, 4. TETRALACORYS, 5.
THEOPHORMIS.]



PLATE 66.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family THEOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Tricolocapsa theophrasti_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1432

  Fig. 2. _Tricolocapsa schleidenii_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1433

  Fig. 3. _Tricolocapsa dioscoridis_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1432

  Fig. 4. _Tricolocapsa decandollei_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1433

  Fig. 5. _Tricolocapsa linnæi_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1432

  Fig. 6. _Theocapsa aristotelis_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1427

  Fig. 7. _Theocapsa mülleri_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1431

  Fig. 8. _Theocapsa democriti_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1427

  Fig. 9. _Theocapsa forskalii_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1429

  Fig. 10. _Theocapsa cuvieri_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1430

  Fig. 11. _Theocapsa wottonis_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1428

  Fig. 12. _Theocapsa darwinii_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1431

  Fig. 13. _Theocapsa linnæi_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1429

  Fig. 14. _Theocapsa wolffii_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1429

  Fig. 15. _Theocapsa malpighii_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1428

  Fig. 16. _Theocapsa lamarckii_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1430

  Fig. 17. _Tricolocampe amphizona_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1413

  Fig. 18. _Theocampe collaris_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1425

  Fig. 19. _Tricolocampe polyzona_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1412

  Fig. 20. _Tricolocampe stenozona_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1413

  Fig. 21. _Tricolocampe cylindrica_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1412

  Fig. 22. _Tricolocampe urnula_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1422

  Fig. 23. _Theocampe stenostoma_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1423

  Fig. 24. _Theocampe costata_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1424

  Fig. 25. _Theocampe sphærothorax_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1424

[Illustration: 1.-5. TRICOLOCAPSA, 6.-16. TRICOLOPERA, 17.-25.
TRICOLOCAMPE.]



PLATE 67.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family PODOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Lithornithium falco_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1355

  Fig. 2. _Lithornithium fringilla_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1355

  Fig. 3. _Lithornithium ciconia_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1354

  Fig. 4. _Lithornithium trochilus_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1355

  Fig. 5. _Theopera fusiformis_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1357

  Fig. 6. _Theopera chytropus_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1358

  Fig. 7. _Theopera prismatica_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1357

  Fig. 8. _Theopera cortina_, n. sp.,                           × 400  1358

  Fig. 9. _Rhopalocanium delphicum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1360

  Fig. 10. _Rhopalocanium lasanum_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1359

  Fig. 11. _Lithochytris lanterna_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1364

  Fig. 12. _Lithochytris cortina_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1362

  Fig. 13. _Lithochytris pyriformis_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1362

  Fig. 14. _Lithochytris lucerna_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1364

  Fig. 15. _Lithochytris pteropus_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1364

  Fig. 16. _Lithochytris galeata_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1363

[Illustration: 1.-5. LITHORNITHIUM, 6.-10. RHOPALOCANIUM, 11.-16.
LITHOCHYTRIS.]



PLATE 68.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PODOCYRTIDA, PHORMOCYRTIDA et THEOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Axocorys macroceros_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1420

  Fig. 1_a_. The internal axial rod of the shell, which bears
      on its basal part three verticils of three diverging
      forked spines,                                            × 300

  Fig. 2. _Cycladophora fenestrata_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1380

  Fig. 3. _Cycladophora pantheon_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1379

  Fig. 4. _Theosyringium tibia_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1409

  Fig. 5. _Theosyringium pipetta_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1409

  Fig. 6. _Pterocorys tubulosa_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1319

  Fig. 7. _Pterocanium pyramis_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1330

  Fig. 8. _Thyrsocyrtis rhizopodium_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1351

  Fig. 9. _Thyrsocyrtis arborescens_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1350

  Fig. 10. _Rhopalatractus foveolatus_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1361

  Fig. 11. _Rhopalatractus pentacanthus_, n. sp.,               × 300  1361

  Fig. 12. _Rhopalatractus fenestratus_, n. sp. (vel
      _Dictyatractus fenestratus_),                             × 300  1361

  Fig. 13. _Hexalatractus fusiformis_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1391

  Fig. 14. _Sethornithium dictyopterum_, n. sp.,                × 300  1356

  The trilobate central capsule, which contains in its
      uppermost part the trilobate nucleus, and in the basal
      part of each lobe an oil-globule.

  Fig. 15. _Lophocyrtis synapta_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1411

  The quadrilobate central capsule, which contains in its
      uppermost part the quadrilobate nucleus, and in the
      basal part of each lobe an oil-globule.

[Illustration: 1. AXOCORYS, 2. 3. CYCLADOPHORA, 4. 5. THEOSYRINGIUM, 6.
PTEROSYRINGIUM, 7. PTEROCANIUM, 8. 9. THYRSOCYRTIS, 10. 11. RHOPALATRACTUS,
12. DICTYATRACTUS, 13. HEXALATRACTUS]



PLATE 69.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PHORMOCYRTIDA et THEOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Theocorys plutonis_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1416

  Fig. 2. _Lophoconus rhinoceros_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1405

  Fig. 3. _Theocorys apollinis_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1418

  Fig. 4. _Theoconus jovis_, n. sp.,                            × 400  1401

  Fig. 5. _Theocorys veneris_, n. sp.,                          × 300  1415

  Fig. 6. _Phormocyrtis costata_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1369

  Fig. 7. _Theoconus junonis_, n. sp.,                          × 300  1401

  Fig. 8. _Theocyrtis ptychodes_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1408

  Fig. 9. _Lophocorys astrocephala_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1421

  Fig. 10. _Theocorys obliqua_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1417

  Fig. 11. _Theocorys dianæ_, n. sp.,                           × 400  1416

  Fig. 12. Lophocorys bovicornis, n. sp.,                       × 300  1422

  Fig. 13. Theocyrtis macroceros, n. sp.,                       × 400  1407

  Fig. 14. _Theocorys minervæ_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1419

  Fig. 15. _Phormocyrtis longicornis_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1370

  Fig. 16. _Theocorys ovata_, n. sp.,                           × 300  1416

[Illustration: THEOCORYS]



PLATE 70.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families ANTHOCYRTIDA, PODOCYRTIDA, PHORMOCYRTIDA et THEOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Theophormis callipilium_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1367

  Fig. 2. _Theophormis callipilium_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1367

  The four cruciate rods of the cortinar septum and the
      vertical columella in its centre.

  Fig. 3. _Theophormis callipilium_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1367

  The cephalis alone with the enclosed quadrilobate central
      capsule, which is surrounded by numerous xanthellæ.

  Fig. 4. _Sethophormis umbrella_, n. sp.,                      × 150  1248

  Fig. 5. _Sethophormis umbrella_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1248

  Cephalis with the cruciform cortinar septum.

  Fig. 6. _Theopilium tricostatum_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1322

  Seen from above.

  Fig. 7. _Phrenocodon clathrostomium_, n. sp.,                 × 250  1434

  Vertical section through the shell.

  Fig. 8. _Phrenocodon clathrostomium_, n. sp.,                 × 500  1434

  Shell seen half from below, and exhibiting the fenestrated
      septum between thorax and abdomen.

  Fig. 9. _Pteropilium stratiotes_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1326

  Fig. 10. _Pteropilium stratiotes_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1326

  The three rods of the cortinar septum and the three arches
      connecting them with the central axial columella.

  Fig. 11. _Pterocodon ornatus_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1333

  Fig. 12. _Theophæna corona_, n. sp.,                          × 300  1394

[Illustration: 1.-5. THEOPHORMIS, 6. THEOPILIUM, 7.-8. CLATHROSTOMIUM,
9.-10. PTEROPILIUM, 11. PTEROCODON, 12. THEOPHATNA.]



PLATE 71.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family PODOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Pterocorys rhinoceros_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1320

  Fig. 2. _Pterocorys columba_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1317

  Fig. 3. _Pterocorys campanula_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1316

  Fig. 4. _Pterocorys hirundo_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1318

  Fig. 5. _Pterocorys aquila_, n. sp.,                          × 300  1317

  Fig. 6. _Dictyoceras insectum_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1324

  Fig. 7. _Dictyoceras insectum_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1324

  Seen from the apex.

  Fig. 8. _Dictyoceras formica_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1325

  Fig. 9. _Dictyoceras melitta_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1325

  Seen from the apex.

  Fig. 10. _Dictyoceras bombus_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1325

  Fig. 11. _Dictyocodon annasethe_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1334

  Fig. 12. _Dictyocodon palladius_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1335

  Fig. 13. _Dictyocodon palladius_, n. sp.,                     × 600  1335

  Apical part of the shell alone.

  Fig. 14. _Dictyocodon carolotæ_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1335

[Illustration: 1.-5. PTEROCORYS, 6.-10. DICTYOCERAS, 11.-14. DICTYOCODON.]



PLATE 72.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family PODOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Podocyrtis prismatica_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1340

  Fig. 2. _Podocyrtis corythæola_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1339

  Fig. 3. _Podocyrtis lithoconus_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1348

  Fig. 4. _Podocyrtis tripodiscus_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1338

  Fig. 5. _Podocyrtis magnifica_, n. sp.,                       × 500  1341

  Fig. 6. _Podocyrtis divergens_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1340

  Fig. 7. _Podocyrtis cristata_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1342

  Fig. 8. _Podocyrtis pedicellaria_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1347

  Fig. 9. _Podocyrtis flosculata_, n. sp.,                      × 500  1341

  Fig. 10. _Podocyrtis surena_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1339

[Illustration: PODOCYRTIS.]



PLATE 73.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PODOCYRTIDA et PHORMOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Pterocanium tricolpum_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1331

  Fig. 2. _Pterocanium orcinum_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1329

  Fig. 3. _Pterocanium gravidum_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1329

  Fig. 4. _Pterocanium eucolpum_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1332

  Fig. 5. _Pterocanium bicorne_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1332

  Fig. 6. _Pterocanium virgineum_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1330

  Fig. 7. _Dictyopodium thyrsolophus_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1354

  Fig. 8. _Dictyopodium scaphopodium_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1353

  Fig. 9. _Calocyclas monumentum_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1385

  Fig. 10. _Calocyclas casta_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1384

[Illustration: 1.-8. DICTYOPODIUM, 9. 10. LAMPROCYCLAS.]



PLATE 74.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family PHORMOCYRTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Calocyclas parthenia_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1385

  Fig. 2. _Calocyclas amicæ_, n. sp.,                           × 400  1382

  Fig. 3. _Calocyclas vestalis_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1382

  Fig. 4. _Calocyclas virginis_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1381

  Fig. 5. _Calocyclas veneris_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1381

  Fig. 6. _Clathrocyclas basilea_, n. sp. (vel _Calocyclas
      basilea_),                                                × 400  1386

  Fig. 7. _Clathrocyclas principessa_, n. sp. (vel
      _Calocyclas principessa_),                                × 400  1386

  Fig. 8. _Clathrocyclas collaris_, n. sp. (vel _Calocyclas
      collaris_),                                               × 400  1387

  Fig. 9. _Alacorys carcinus_, n. sp. (vel _Calocyclas
      carcinus_),                                               × 300  1375

  Fig. 10. _Lamprocyclas deflorata_, n. sp.,                    × 200  1391

  Fig. 11. _Lamprocyclas reginæ_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1391

  Fig. 12. _Lamprocyclas reginæ_, n. sp.,                       × 800  1391

  Two meshes of the network.

  Fig. 13. _Lamprocyclas maritalis_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1390

  Fig. 14. _Lamprocyclas maritalis_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1390

  Vertical section.

  Fig. 15. _Lamprocyclas nuptialis_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1390

  Fig. 16. _Lamprocyclas saltatricis_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1391

[Illustration: 1.-9. CALOCYCLAS, 10.-16. LAMPROCYCLAS.]



PLATE 75.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PODOCAMPIDA et PHORMOCAMPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Artopilium elegans_, n. sp. (vel _Trictenartus
      elegans_),                                                × 200  1440

  Fig. 2. _Artophormis horrida_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1458

  Fig. 3. _Cyrtopera thoracoptera_, n. sp. (vel _Artopera
      thoracoptera_),                                           × 300  1450

  Fig. 4. _Stichophæna ærostatica_, n. sp. (vel _Artophæna
      ærostatica_),                                             × 400  1463

  Fig. 5. _Cyrtophormis turricula_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1463

  Fig. 6. _Stichopodium dictyopodium_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1447

  Fig. 7. _Artopilium trifenestra_, n. sp. (vel
      _Clathropyrgus trifenestra_),                             × 500  1441

  Fig. 8. _Artopilium stichopterygium_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1442

  Fig. 9. _Stichophormis cornutella_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1455

  Fig. 10. _Cyrtopera laguncula_, n. sp. (vel _Cyrtolagena
      laguncula_),                                              × 400  1451

  Fig. 11. _Stichopera pectinata_, n. sp.,                      × 500  1449

  Fig. 12. _Stichophæna ritteriana_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1465

[Illustration: 1. ARTOPILIUM, 2. ARTOPHORMIS, 3. ARTOPERA, 4. ARTOPHATNA, 5
STICHOCORYS, 6. STICHOPODIUM, 7. CLATHROPYRGUS, 8. STICHOPTERYGIUM, 9.
STICHOPHORMIS, 10. CYRTOLAGENA, 11. STICHOPERA, 12. STICHOPHATNA.]



PLATE 76.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PHORMOCAMPIDA et LITHOCAMPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Stichocapsa pentacola_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1517

  Fig. 2. _Stichocapsa hexacola_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1517

  Fig. 3. _Stichocapsa compacta, n_. sp.,                       × 400  1517

  Fig. 4. _Stichocapsa paniscus_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1518

  Fig. 5. _Artocapsa fusiformis_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1519

  Fig. 6. _Stichophæna nonaria_, n. sp.,                        × 200  1466

  Fig. 7. _Stichophæna novena_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1466

  Fig. 8. _Artocapsa elegans_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1520

  Fig. 9. _Cyrtocapsa chrysalidium_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1515

  Fig. 10. _Artocapsa spinosa_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1519

  Fig. 11. _Spirocampe callispira_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1511

  Fig. 12. _Spirocampe allospira_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1511

  Fig. 13. _Spirocyrtis cornutella_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1509

  Fig. 14. _Spirocyrtis scalaris_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1509

  Fig. 15. _Spirocyrtis merospira_, n. sp.,                     × 500  1510

  Fig. 16. _Spirocyrtis holospira_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1509

  Fig. 17. _Spirocyrtis diplospira_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1510

[Illustration: 1.-4. STICHOCAPSA, 5.-10. STICHOPERA, 11. 12. SPIROCAMPE,
13.-17. SPIROCYRTIS.]



PLATE 77.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PODOCAMPIDA, PHORMOCAMPIDA et LITHOCAMPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Lithocampe ovata_, n. sp.,                           × 500  1504

  Fig. 2. _Lithocampe urceolata_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1507

  Fig. 3. _Lithocampe diploconus_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1505

  Fig. 4. _Dictyomitra eurythorax_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1477

  Fig. 5. _Eucyrtidium teuscheri_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1491

  Fig. 6. _Lithostrobus cornutus_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1474

  Fig. 7. _Eucyrtidium bütschlii_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1492

  Fig. 8. _Cyrtocapsa compacta_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1512

  Fig. 9. _Stichopilium bicorne_, n. sp.,                       × 600  1437

  Fig. 10. _Artopilium longicorne_, n. sp.,                     × 500  1440

  Fig. 11. _Stichopilium campanulatum_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1438

  Fig. 12. _Artopilium cyrtopterum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1440

  Fig. 13. _Phormocampe campanula_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1456

  Fig. 14. _Phormocampe eucalyptra_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1457

  Fig. 15. _Cyrtophormis corona_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1462

  Fig. 16. _Phormocampe lamprocyclas_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1457

  Fig. 17. _Cyrtophormis cylindrica_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1461

  Fig. 18. _Cyrtophormis cornuta_, n. sp.,                      × 500  1462

[Illustration: 1.-4. LITHOCAMPIUM, 5.-8. EUCYRTIDIUM, 9.-12.
PTEROCORYTHIUM, 13.-18. ANTHOCORYS.]



PLATE 78.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PHORMOCAMPIDA et LITHOCAMPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Stichocapsa tetracola_, n. sp.,                      × 600  1515

  Fig. 2. _Stichocapsa tricincta_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1516

  Fig. 3. _Stichocapsa quadrigata_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1515

  Fig. 4. _Stichocapsa monstrosa_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1517

  Fig. 5. _Cyrtocapsa tetrapera_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1512

  Fig. 6. _Cyrtocapsa diploconus_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1513

  Fig. 7. _Cyrtocapsa fusulus_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1514

  Fig. 8. _Cyrtocapsa pyrum_, n. sp.,                           × 400  1513

  Fig. 9. _Cyrtocapsa cornuta_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1513

  Fig. 10. _Eusyringium conosiphon_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1496

  Fig. 11. _Eusyringium pachysiphon_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1496

  Fig. 12. _Eusyringium macrosiphon_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1497

  Fig. 13. _Eucyrtidium tricinctum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1494

  Fig. 14. _Eucyrtidium armatum_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1495

  Fig. 15. _Eucyrtidium ehrenbergii_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1495

  Fig. 16. _Eucyrtidium conostoma_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1495

  Fig. 17. _Cyrtophormis armata_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1460

  Fig. 18. _Cyrtophormis cingulata_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1460

[Illustration: 1-4. TETRACAPSA, 5-9. TETRAPERA, 10-12. EUSYRINGIUM, 13.-18.
ACANTHOCYRTE.]



PLATE 79.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families PHORMOCAMPIDA et LITHOCAMPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Lithomitra nodosaria_, n. sp.,                       × 600  1484

  Fig. 2. _Cyrtophormis tabulata_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1166

  Fig. 3. _Lithomitra eruca_, n. sp.,                           × 500  1485

  Fig. 4. _Lithomitra chrysalis_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1485

  Fig. 5. _Lithomitra infundibulum_, n. sp.,                    × 500  1487

  Fig. 6. _Lithocampe octocola_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1508

  Fig. 7. _Lithocampe hexacola_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1507

  Fig. 8. _Lithocampe heptacola_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1508

  Fig. 9. _Stichophormis novena_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1455

  Fig. 10. _Siphocampe annulosa_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1500

  Fig. 11. _Siphocampe erucosa_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1500

  Fig. 12. _Siphocampe caminosa_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1500

  Fig. 13. _Siphocampe tubulosa_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1500

  Fig. 14. _Siphocampe spiralis_, n. sp.,                       × 500  1501

  Fig. 15. _Lithostrobus seriatus_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1474

  Fig. 16. _Artostrobus articulatus_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1483

  Fig. 17. _Lithostrobus lithobotrys_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1475

  Fig. 18. _Lithostrobus botryocyrtis_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1475

  Fig. 19. _Lithostrobus botryocyrtis_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1475

  Vertical section through the cephalis.

  Fig. 20. _Lithostrobus hexagonalis_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1475

[Illustration: 1.-14. LITHOCAMPE, 15.-20. EUCYRTIS.]



PLATE 80.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Family LITHOCAMPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Lithostrobus conulus_, n. sp. (vel _Cyrtostrobus
      conulus_),                                                × 400  1472

  Fig. 2. _Lithostrobus cyrtoceras_, n. sp. (vel
      _Cornustrobus cyrtoceras_),                               × 400  1470

  Fig. 3. _Stichocorys huschkei_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1480

  Fig. 4. _Lithostrobus caloceras_, n. sp. (vel _Cornustrobus
      caloceras_),                                              × 400  1471

  Fig. 5. _Stichocorys okenii_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1480

  Fig. 6. _Lithostrobus tetrastichus_, n. sp. (vel
      _Conostrobus tetrastichus_),                              × 500  1470

  Fig. 7. _Stichocorys panderi, n. sp._,                        × 400  1479

  Fig. 8. _Stichocorys baerii_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1479

  Fig. 9. _Eucyrtidium cienkowskii_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1493

  Fig. 10. _Stichocorys wolffii_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1479

  Fig. 11. _Eucyrtidium hexagonatum_, n. sp.,                   × 600  1489

  Fig. 12. _Eucyrtidium hertwigii_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1491

  Fig. 13. _Eusyringium cannostoma_, n. sp.,                    × 600  1499

  Fig. 14. _Eusyringium siphonostoma_, n. sp.,                  × 500  1499

  Fig. 15. _Lithostrobus hexastichus_, n. sp. (vel
      _Artostrobus hexastichus_),                               × 500  1470

[Illustration: EUCYRTIS.]



PLATE 81.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order STEPHOIDEA.

Family STEPHANIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Archicircus primordialis_, n. sp.,                   × 200   942

  Fig. 2. _Zygocircus polygonus_, n. sp.,                       × 200   947

  Fig. 3. _Zygocircus triquetrus_, n. sp.,                      × 300   947

  Fig. 4. _Archicircus hexacanthus_, n. sp.,                    × 300   942

  Fig. 5. _Zygocircus acacia_, n. sp.,                          × 300   947

  Fig. 6. _Lithocircus crambessa_, n. sp.,                      × 400   944

  Fig. 7. _Archicircus rhombus_, n. sp.,                        × 300   942

  Fig. 8. _Zygocircus pentagonus_, n. sp.,                      × 300   946

  Fig. 9. _Lithocircus quadricornis_, n. sp.,                   × 300   944

  Fig. 10. _Dendrocircus arborescens_, n. sp.,                  × 300   949

  Fig. 11. _Dendrocircus dodecancistra_, n. sp.,                × 300   949

  Fig. 12. _Archicircus sexangularis_, n. sp.,                  × 300   943

  Fig. 13. _Dendrocircus elegans_, n. sp.,                      × 400   949

  Fig. 14. _Dendrocircus stalactites_, n. sp.,                  × 400   950

  Fig. 15. _Lithocircus decimalis_, n. sp.,                     × 300   944

  Fig. 16. _Lithocircus magnificus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   945

  The ovate, red-coloured central capsule exhibits in the
      lower half the striate podoconus, in the upper half
      four oil-globules, and at the left the kidney-shaped
      nucleus. Numerous "yellow cells" or xanthellæ are
      scattered in the calymma, which contains brown pigment
      around the porochora. Numerous pseudopodia radiate from
      the supporting spines of the sagittal ring.

  Fig. 17. _Lithocircus hexablastus_, n. sp.,                   × 400   944

[Illustration: 1.-8. LITHOCIRCUS, 9.-17. DENDROCIRCUS.]



PLATE 82.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order STEPHOIDEA.

Families CORONIDA et TYMPANIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Coronidium cervicorne_, n. sp.,                      × 400   974

  Seen from the apical pole.

  Fig. 2. _Coronidium acacia_, n. sp.,                          × 300   975

  Fig. 3. _Eucoronis angulata_, n. sp.,                         × 400   978

  Half from the apical, half from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 4. _Eucoronis challengeri_, n. sp.,                      × 400   978

  The red central capsule encloses a large ovate nucleus and
      is surrounded by numerous xanthellæ.

  Fig. 5. _Eucoronis nephrospyris_, n. sp.,                     × 300   977

  Fig. 6. _Eucoronis perspicillum_, n. sp.,                     × 300   977

  Fig. 7. _Coronidium dyostephanus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   974

  Seen from the apical pole.

  Fig. 8. _Coronidium diadema_, n. sp.,                         × 300   974

  Fig. 9. _Acrocubus octopylus_, n. sp.,                        × 300   993

  Fig. 10. _Parastephanus asymmetricus_, n. sp.,                × 400  1008

  Fig. 11. _Eutympanium militare_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1014

  Oblique view.

  Fig. 12. _Lithocubus astragalus_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1012

  Fig. 13. _Trissocircus globus_, n. sp.,                       × 400   986

[Illustration: 1. 2. EUCORONIS, 3.-8. LITHOCORONIS, 9.-12. TYMPANIUM, 13.
TRISSOCIRCUS.]



PLATE 83.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Orders STEPHOIDEA ET SPYROIDEA.

Families STEPHANIDA, SEMANTIDA, CORONIDA, TYMPANIDA, ZYGOSPYRIDA,
PHORMOSPYRIDA et ANDROSPYRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Lithotympanum tuberosum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1006

  Fig. 2. _Eutympanium musicantum_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1013

  Fig. 3. _Semantis distephanus_, n. sp.,                       × 300   957

  Fig. 4. _Sphærospyris globosa_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1100

  Fig. 5. _Trissocyclus stauroporus_, n. sp.,                   × 200   987

  Fig. 6. _Trissocircus binellipsis_, n. sp.,                   × 300   985

  Fig. 7. _Podocoronis toxarium_, n. sp.,                       × 200   980

  Fig. 8. _Androspyris anthropiscus_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1093

  Fig. 9. _Cortina tripus_, n. sp.,                             × 200   950

  Fig. 10. _Cephalospyris cancellata_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1035

  Fig. 11. _Tripospyris furcata_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1029

  Fig. 12. _Petalospyris novena_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1062

  Basal view of the shell, with the cortinar septum.

  Fig. 13. _Rhodospyris tricornis_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1089

  Fig. 14. _Desmospyris mammillata_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1089

  Fig. 15. _Phormospyris tricostata_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1087

  Fig. 16. _Zygospyris equus_, n. sp.,                          × 300  1056

  Fig. 17. _Archicircus monostephus_, n. sp.,                   × 300   941

  Fig. 18. _Dipospyris cubus_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1036

  Basal view of the shell, with the cortinar septum.

  Fig. 19. _Gamospyris circulus_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1042

  Fig. 20. _Stephanospyris excellens_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1043

[Illustration: 1. 2. LITHOTYMPANIUM, 3. DYOSTEPHANUS, 4. SPHAEROCIRCUS, 5.
6. TRISSOCYCLUS, 7. DIPOCORONIS, 8.-10. LAMPROSPYRIS, 11. 12. CLADOSPYRIS,
13. RHODOSPYRIS, 14. 15. DESMOSPYRIS, 16. 17. TETRASPYRIS, 18.-20.
STEPHANOSPYRIS.]



PLATE 84.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order SPYROIDEA.

Family ZYGOSPYRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Tripospyris capitata,_ n. sp.,                       × 400  1028

  Seen from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 2. _Tripospyris semantis,_ n. sp.,                       × 300  1026

  Seen from the ventral side.

  Fig. 3. _Tripospyris semantis,_ n. sp.,                       × 300  1026

  Seen from the lateral side.

  Fig. 4. _Tripospyris eucolpos,_ n. sp.,                       × 300  1029

  Seen from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 5. _Tripospyris diomma,_ n. sp.,                         × 400  1026

  Half from the right side, half from the basal side.

  Fig. 6. _Tripospyris cortiniscus,_ n. sp.,                    × 500  1026

  Half from the dorsal, half from the right side.

  Fig. 6_a._ Frontal section through the ring,                  × 500

  Fig. 7. _Tripospyris conifera,_ n. sp.,                       × 400  1027

  Seen from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 7_a._ From the basal side,                               × 200

  Fig. 8. _Tripospyris euscenium,_ n. sp. (vel _Euscenium
      tripospyris_),                                            × 400  1147

  Seen from the frontal or ventral side.

  Fig. 9. _Triceraspyris gazella,_ n. sp.,                      × 500  1031

  Seen from the ventral side.

  Fig. 10. _Triceraspyris damæcornis,_ n. sp., (vel
      _Elaphospyris damæcornis?_); compare p. 1032,             × 400  1057

  Seen from the apical (or basal?) side.

  Fig. 11. _Triceraspyris giraffa,_ n. sp.,                     × 400  1031

  Seen from the frontal side.

  Fig. 12. _Triceraspyris corallorrhiza,_ n. sp.,               × 400  1031

  Seen from the frontal side.

  Fig. 13. _Tristylospyris scaphipes,_ n. sp.,                  × 400  1033

  Seen from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 14. _Tristylospyris palmipes,_ n. sp.,                   × 400  1033

  Seen from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 15. _Tristylospyris clavipes,_ n. sp.,                   × 400  1033

  Seen from the basal side.

[Illustration: 1-8. TRIPODOSPYRIS, 9-12. TRICERASPYRIS, 13-15.
TRISTYLOSPYRIS.]



PLATE 85.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order SPYROIDEA.

Family ZYGOSPYRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Dipospyris forcipata_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1037

  Fig. 2. _Dipospyris irregularis_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1037

  Fig. 3. _Dipospyris chelifer_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1037

  Fig. 4. _Dorcadospyris dinoceras_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1041

  Fig. 5. _Dorcadospyris antilope_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1041

  Fig. 6. _Dorcadospyris dentata_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1040

  Fig. 7. _Dorcadospyris decussata_, n. sp.,                    × 200  1041

  Fig. 8. _Dendrospyris polyrrhiza_, n. sp.,                    × 200  1039

  Fig. 9. _Dendrospyris arborescens_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1040

  Fig. 10. _Stephanospyris cordata_, n. sp.,                    × 200  1042

  Fig. 11. _Stephanospyris verticillata_, n. sp.,               × 300  1043

[Illustration: 1.-3. DIPODOSPYRIS, 4.-11. DORCADOSPYRIS.]



PLATE 86.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order SPYROIDEA.

Family ZYGOSPYRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Ceratospyris polygona_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1066

  Fig. 2. _Ceratospyris strasburgeri_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1067

  Fig. 3. _Ceratospyris allmersii_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1067

  Fig. 4. _Ceratospyris mulderi_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1067

  Fig. 5. _Anthospyris aculeata_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1065

  Fig. 6. _Petalospyris dictyocubus_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1063

  Fig. 7. _Liriospyris hexapoda_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1049

  Fig. 8. _Aegospyris caprina_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1054

  Fig. 9. _Ceratospyris preyeri_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1068

  Fig. 10. _Ceratospyris krausei_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1068

  Fig. 11. _Ceratospyris carnerii_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1069

  Fig. 12. _Elaphospyris alcicornis_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1057

  Fig. 13. _Elaphospyris cervicornis_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1057

[Illustration: 1.-7. CERATOSPYRIS, 8.-13. ELAPHOSPYRIS.]



PLATE 87.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order SPYROIDEA.

Families ZYGOSPYRIDA et THOLOSPYRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Gorgospyris medusa_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1070

  Fig. 2. _Gorgospyris medusetta_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1070

  From the basal side, with the nine cortinar pores.

  Fig. 3. _Gorgospyris polypus_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1070

  Fig. 4. _Gorgospyris schizopodia_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1071

  Fig. 5. _Gorgospyris eurycolpos_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1071

  Fig. 6. _Gorgospyris liriope_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1071

  Fig. 7. _Tiarospyris pervia_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1082

  Fig. 8. _Tiarospyris amphora_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1083

  Fig. 9. _Tiarospyris mitra_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1082

  From the ventral side.

  Fig. 10. _Tiarospyris mitra_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1082

  From the dorsal side.

  Fig. 11. _Petalospyris octopus_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1061

  Fig. 12. _Petalospyris dinoceras_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1063

  Fig. 13. _Petalospyris lobata_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1064

  Fig. 14. _Petalospyris triomma_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1060

  From the basal side, with the six cortinar pores.

  Fig. 15. _Anthospyris spathulata_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1065

  Fig. 16. _Anthospyris mammillata_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1064

  Fig. 17. _Anthospyris tragopogon_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1066

  Fig. 18. _Anthospyris doronicum_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1065

  Fig. 19. _Ceratospyris calorrhiza_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1069

[Illustration: 1.-6. GORGOSPYRIS, 7.-10. TIAROSPYRIS, 11.-14. PETALOSPYRIS,
15.-19. ANTHOSPYRIS.]



PLATE 88.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Orders STEPHOIDEA ET SPYROIDEA.

Families TYMPANIDA et ANDROSPYRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Toxarium circospyris_, n. sp.,                       × 400   995

  Fig. 2. _Amphispyris sternalis_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1096

  Fig. 3. _Amphispyris costata_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1097

  Fig. 4. _Amphispyris thorax_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1096

  Fig. 5. _Amphispyris subquadrata_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1097

  Fig. 6. _Amphispyris quadrigemina_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1096

  Fig. 7. _Amphispyris toxarium_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1097

  Fig. 8. _Tricolospyris baconiana_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1098

  Fig. 9. _Tricolospyris leibnitziana_, n. sp.,                 × 600  1098

  Fig. 10. _Tricolospyris kantiana_, n. sp.,                    × 600  1098

  Fig. 11. _Tricolospyris newtoniana_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1098

  Fig. 12. _Perispyris lentellipsis_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1099

  Fig. 13. _Perispyris bicincta_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1099

[Illustration: 1. CIRCOSPYRIS, 2.-7. AMPHISPYRIS, 8.-11. TRICOLOSPYRIS, 12.
13. PERISPYRIS.]



PLATE 89.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order SPYROIDEA.

Families ZYGOSPYRIDA, THOLOSPYRIDA et ANDROSPYRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Tholospyris tripodiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1079

  Ventral side.

  Fig. 2. _Tholospyris fenestrata_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1079

  Dorsal side.

  Fig. 3. _Tholospyris ramosa_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1079

  Dorsal side.

  Fig. 4. _Tholospyris cupola_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1080

  Ventral side.

  Fig. 5. _Therospyris leo_, n. sp.,                            × 400  1059

  Ventral side.

  Fig. 6. _Therospyris felis_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1059

  Dorsal side.

  Fig. 7. _Dictyospyris stalactites_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1073

  Ventral side.

  Fig. 8. _Dictyospyris anthophora_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1076

  Ventral side.

  Fig. 9. _Dictyospyris mammillaris_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1076

  Ventral side.

  Fig. 10. _Dictyospyris mammillaris_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1076

  Frontal section.

  Fig. 11. _Dictyospyris distoma_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1073

  Ventral side.

  Fig. 12. _Dictyospyris distoma_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1073

  Frontal section.

  Fig. 13. _Lamprospyris darwinii_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1094

  Ventral side.

  Fig. 14. _Lamprospyris huxleyi_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1094

  Ventral side.

[Illustration: 1.-4. THOLOSPYRIS, 5. 6. TESSARASPYRIS, 7.-12. DICTYOSPYRIS,
13. 14. LAMPROSPYRIS.]



PLATE 90.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order SPYROIDEA.

Family ANDROSPYRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp. (vel
      _Paradictyum paradoxum_),                                 × 250  1102

  The complete shell, seen from the frontal side.

  Fig. 2. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp.,                   × 250  1102

  The incomplete shell, seen from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 3. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp.,                   × 500  1102

  The sagittal ring, isolated, from the dorsal side; more
      enlarged.

  Fig. 4. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp.,                   × 120  1102

  Vertical section through half the shell, exhibiting the
      thickened margin with the included symbiontes (compare
      page 1101).

  Fig. 5. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp.,                   × 200  1102

  Oblique marginal view of the shell.

  Fig. 6. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp.,                   × 250  1102

  Marginal view of a young specimen, with open fissure
      between the two parallel net-plates.

  Fig. 7. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp.,                   × 250  1102

  The soft body alone, without the skeleton. The bilobed
      central capsule exhibits a central transverse nucleus,
      and on each lobe a stratum of oil-globules. The
      kidney-shaped calymma contains on the margin numerous
      symbiontes (_Xanthellæ_ or _Vorticellinæ_? Compare page
      1102).

  Fig. 8. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp.,                   × 500  1102

  Three single unicellular symbiontes (_Zooxanthellæ_?).

  Fig. 9. _Nephrospyris renilla_, n. sp. (vel _Nephrodictyum
      renilla_),                                                × 250  1101

  The bilobed central capsule is enclosed by the discoidal
      shell and in the middle constricted by the sagittal
      ring; it contains a transverse nucleus. The
      kidney-shaped calymma contains in the peripheral part
      numerous symbiontes (_Xanthellæ_ or _Vorticellinæ_?
      Compare page 1101).

  Fig. 10. _Nephrospyris renilla_, n. sp.,                      × 250  1101

  A singular abnormality (occurring not rarely), in which the
      reduced skeleton has nearly disappeared and the
      sagittal ring alone remained. The kidney-shaped
      calymma, however, which encloses numerous symbiontes,
      has preserved the form of the skeleton. The bilobed
      central capsule is similar to that in figs. 7 and 9,
      and is encircled by the thickened sagittal ring.

[Illustration: PARADICTYUM.]



PLATE 91.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Orders NASSOIDEA ET PLECTOIDEA.

Families NASSELLIDA, PLAGONIDA et PLECTANIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cystidium princeps_, n. sp.,                         × 400   897

  Fig. 2. _Triplagia primordialis_, n. sp.,                     × 100   909

  Fig. 3. _Tetraplagia phænaxonia_, n. sp.,                     × 200   911

  Fig. 4. _Plagoniscus tripodiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 200   912

  Fig. 5. _Plagiocarpa procortina_, n. sp.,                     × 300   914

  Fig. 6. _Plagonium sphærozoum_, n. sp.,                       × 300   916

  Fig. 7. _Triplecta triactis_, n. sp.,                         × 300   922

  Fig. 8. _Tetraplecta pinigera_, n. sp.,                       × 300   924

  Fig. 9. _Plectaniscus cortiniscus_, n. sp.,                   × 300   925

  Fig. 10. _Periplecta cortina_, n. sp.,                        × 400   926

  Fig. 11. _Plectanium trigeminum_, n. sp.,                     × 400   928

  Fig. 12. _Polyplecta heptacantha_, n. sp.,                    × 300   929

[Illustration: 1. CYSTIDIUM, 2.-6. PLACONIDA, 7.-12. PLECTANIDA.]



PLATE 92.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order STEPHOIDEA.

Families STEPHANIDA et SEMANTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Semantis sigillum_, n. sp.,                          × 400   957

  Fig. 2. _Semantis biforis_, n. sp.,                           × 300   956

  Fig. 3. _Semantrum tetrastoma_, n. sp.,                       × 300   959

  Fig. 4. _Semantrum signarium_, n. sp.,                        × 400   960

  Fig. 5. _Semantrum quadrifore_, n. sp.,                       × 400   958

  Fig. 6. _Semantidium hexastoma_, n. sp.,                      × 400   960

  Fig. 7. _Semantidium signatorium_, n. sp.,                    × 400   961

  Fig. 8. _Clathrocircus stapedius_, n. sp.,                    × 400   962

  Fig. 9. _Clathrocircus dictyospyris_, n. sp.,                 × 300   963

  Fig. 10. _Clathrocircus multiforis_, n. sp.,                  × 300   963

  Fig. 11. _Cortiniscus tripodiscus_, n. sp.,                   × 400   963

  Fig. 12. _Cortiniscus typicus_, n. sp.,                       × 300   964

  Fig. 13. _Cortiniscus dipylaris_, n. sp.,                     × 400   964

  Fig. 14. _Stephaniscus quadrifurcus_, n. sp.,                 × 300   965

  Fig. 15. _Stephaniscus quadrigatus_, n. sp.,                  × 400   965

  Fig. 16. _Semantiscus hexapodius_, n. sp.,                    × 400   966

  Fig. 17. _Semantiscus hexapylus_, n. sp.,                     × 400   967

  Fig. 18. _Semantiscus hexaspyris_, n. sp.,                    × 400   966

  Fig. 19. _Lithocircus tarandus_, n. sp.,                      × 400   944

  Fig. 20. _Stephanium quadrupes_, n. sp.,                      × 200   952

  Fig. 21. _Cortina cervina_, n. sp.,                           × 300   952

[Illustration: 1.-7. SEMANTIS, 8.-10. CLATHROCIRCUS, 11.-13. CORTINISCUS,
14. 15. STEPHANISCUS, 16.-19. SEMANTISCUS, 20. 21. STEPHANIUM.]



PLATE 93.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order STEPHOIDEA.

Families CORONIDA et TYMPANIDA..

  Fig. 1. _Zygostephanus dissocircus_, n. sp.,                  × 300   971

  Fig. 2. _Zygostephanus bicornis_, n. sp.,                     × 300   972

  Fig. 3. _Zygostephanium dizonium_, n. sp.,                    × 300   973

  Fig. 4. _Zygostephanium paradictyum_, n. sp.,                 × 300   973

  Fig. 5. _Acanthodesmia corona_, n. sp.,                       × 400   976

  Fig. 6. _Plectocoronis pentacantha_, n. sp.,                  × 300   979

  Fig. 7. _Tristephanium quadricorne_, n. sp.,                  × 300   984

  Fig. 8. _Tristephanium octopyle_, n. sp.,                     × 300   983

  Fig. 9. _Tristephanium dimensivum_, n. sp.,                   × 400   983

  Fig. 10. _Trissocircus lentellipsis_, n. sp.,                 × 300   985

  Fig. 11. _Trissocircus octostoma_, n. sp.,                    × 300   986

  Fig. 12. _Trissocyclus sphæridium_, n. sp.,                   × 300   987

  Fig. 13. _Tricyclidium dictyospyris_, n. sp.,                 × 300   984

  Fig. 14. _Protympanium amphipodium_, n. sp.,                  × 300   992

  Fig. 15. _Acrocubus arcuatus_, n. sp.,                        × 300   993

  Fig. 16. _Acrocubus cortina_, n. sp.,                         × 300   994

  Fig. 17. _Acrocubus amphithectus_, n. sp.,                    × 300   995

  Fig. 18. _Toxarium thorax_, n. sp.,                           × 300   996

  Fig. 19. _Toxarium cordatum_, n. sp.,                         × 300   996

  Fig. 20. _Toxarium bifurcum_, n. sp.,                         × 300   997

  Fig. 21. _Parastephanus quadrispinus_, n. sp.,                × 300  1008

  Fig. 22. _Prismatium tripodium_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1009

[Illustration: 1.-4. ZYGOSTEPHANUS, 5.-6. ACANTHODESMIA, 7.-13.
TRISTEPHANIUM, 14.-17. ACROCUBUS, 18.-20. TOXARIUM, 21. 22. PRISMATIUM.]



PLATE 94.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order STEPHOIDEA.

Family TYMPANIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Tympanidium foliosum_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1003

  Fig. 2. _Octotympanum cervicorne_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1000

  Fig. 3. _Octotympanum octonarium_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1000

  Fig. 4. _Tympaniscus quadrupes_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1002

  Fig. 5. _Tympaniscus dipodiscus_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1001

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 6. _Tympaniscus dipodiscus_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1001

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 7. _Tympaniscus tripodiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1002

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 8. _Microcubus zonarius_, n. sp.,                        × 300   998

  Fig. 9. _Microcubus dodecastoma_, n. sp.,                     × 300   998

  Fig. 10. _Microcubus amphispyris_, n. sp.,                    × 400   999

  Fig. 11. _Pseudocubus obeliscus_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1010

  Fig. 12. _Pseudocubus hexapylus_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1011

  Fig. 13. _Lithocubus geometricus_, n. sp.,                    × 200  1011

  Fig. 14. _Paratympanum octostylum_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1005

  Fig. 15. _Dystympanium dictyocha_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1007

  Lateral view.

  Fig. 16. _Dystympanium dictyocha_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1007

  Apical view.

  Fig. 17. _Circotympanum octogonium_, n. sp.,                  × 500  1013

  Fig. 18. _Tympanidium binoctonum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1004

[Illustration: 1.-3, 18. TYMPANIDIUM, 4.-7. TYMPANISCUS, 8.-10. MICROCUBUS,
11.-13. LITHOCUBUS, 14. PARATYMPANIUM, 15.-17. DYSTYMPANIUM.]



PLATE 95.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order SPYROIDEA.

Families ZYGOSPYRIDA, THOLOSPYRIDA, PHORMOSPYRIDA et ANDROSPYRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Tripospyris cortina_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1025

  Basal view.

  Fig. 2. _Tripospyris triplecta_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1027

  Basal view.

  Fig. 3. _Tripospyris semantrum, n_. sp.,                      × 400  1027

  Basal view.

  Fig. 4. _Tripospyris hexomma_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1028

  Basal view.

  Fig. 5. _Brachiospyris diacantha_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1038

  Basal view.

  Fig. 6. _Tetraspyris stephanium_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1044

  Basal view.

  Fig. 7. _Liriospyris amphithecta_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1050

  Basal view.

  Fig. 8. _Hexaspyris hexacorethra_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1048

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 9. _Clathrospyris pyramidalis_, n. sp.,                  × 500  1052

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 10. _Aegospyris aegoceras_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1054

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 11. _Pentaspyris pentacantha_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1054

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 12. _Taurospyris cervina_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1058

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 13. _Circospyris nucula_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1072

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 14. _Lophospyris dipodiscus_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1080

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 15. _Sepalospyris platyphylla_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1081

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 16. _Pylospyris canariensis_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1084

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 17. _Acrospyris clathrocanium_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1085

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 18. _Phormospyris tridentata_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1087

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 19. _Patagospyris anthocyrtis_, n. sp.,                  × 500  1088

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 20. _Androspyris pithecus_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1093

  Lateral view.

[Illustration: 1.-13. ZYGOSPYRIS, 14.-16. THOLOSPYRIS, 17.-19.
PHORMOSPYRIS, 20. ANDROSPYRIS.]



PLATE 96.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order BOTRYODEA.

Families CANNOBOTRYIDA, LITHOBOTRYIDA et PYLOBOTRYIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Botryopera cyrtoloba_, n. sp.,                       × 500  1108

  Apical view.

  Fig. 2. _Botryopera quinqueloba_, n. sp.,                     × 500  1109

  Half lateral, half frontal view.

  Fig. 3. _Cannobotrys tricanna_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1110

  View half from the frontal, half from the left side.

  Fig. 4. _Cannobotrys cortina_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1110

  Basal view.

  Fig. 5. _Botryopyle inclusa_, n. sp.,                         × 500  1113

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 6. _Botryopyle dictyocephalus_, n. sp.,                  × 500  1113

  Lateral view (right side).

  Fig. 7. _Botryopyle sethocorys_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1112

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 8. _Acrobotrys trisolenia_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1115

  Lateral view (right side).

  Fig. 9. _Acrobotrys acuminata_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1115

  Lateral view (right side).

  Fig. 10. _Acrobotrys disolenia_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1114

  Lateral view (left side).

  Fig. 11. _Acrobotrys auriculata_, n. sp.,                     × 500  1115

  Lateral view (right side).

  Fig. 12. _Botryocella multicellaris_, n. sp.,                 × 500  1117

  Lateral view (left side).

  Fig. 13. _Botryocella quadricellaris_, n. sp.,                × 400  1117

  Lateral view (left side).

  Fig. 14. _Botryocella quadrigemina_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1117

  Collar septum, between cephalis and thorax.

  Fig. 15. _Lithobotrys sphærothorax_, n. sp.,                  × 500  1119

  Lateral view (right side).

  Fig. 16. _Lithobotrys mascula_, n. sp.,                       × 500  1119

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 17. _Lithobotrys orchidea_, n. sp.,                      × 500  1119

  Frontal view.

  Fig. 18. _Botryocyrtis cerebellum_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1121

  Apical view.

  Fig. 19. _Botryocyrtis theocampe_, n. sp.,                    × 500  1121

  Lateral view (left side).

  Fig. 20. _Pylobotrys fontinalis_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1122

  Apical view.

  Fig. 21. _Pylobotrys putealis_, n. sp.,                       × 500  1121

  Lateral view (right side).

  Fig. 22. _Pylobotrys cerebralis_, n. sp.,                     × 500  1122

  Dorsal view.

  Fig. 23. _Botryocampe rotalia_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1123

  Collar septum.

  Fig. 24. _Botryocampe camerata_, n. sp.,                      × 500  1124

  Lateral view (left side).

  Fig. 25. _Phormobotrys cannothalamia_, n. sp.,                × 400  1125

  Lateral view (right side).

  Fig. 26. _Phormobotrys trithalamia_, n. sp.,                  × 500  1124

  Frontal section. The dorsal wall is visible, in the
      cephalis the cruciform frontal septum.

  Fig. 27. _Phormobotrys pentathalamia_, n. sp.,                × 400  1124

  Lateral view (left side).

  Fig. 28. _Cephalospyris triangulata_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1035

  The central capsule encloses numerous spherical
      concrements.

[Illustration: 1.-4. BOTRYOPERA. 5.-11. BOTRYOPYLE. 12.-17. BOTRYOCELLA.
18.-22. BOTRYOCYRTIS. 23.-27. BOTRYOCAMPE. 28. CEPHALOSPYRIS.]



PLATE 97.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Orders STEPHOIDEA ET CYRTOIDEA.

Families STEPHANIDA, CORONIDA, TRIPOCALPIDA, PHÆNOCALPIDA, TRIPOCYRTIDA,
PODOCYRTIDA et PODOCAMPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cortina typus_, n. sp.,                              × 300   951

  View from the right side. The upper part of the central
      capsule includes the nucleus, the lower part the
      podoconus, besides some oil-globules. The two pectoral
      feet are partly broken off.

  Fig. 2. _Podocoronis cortiniscus_, n. sp.,                    × 400   981

  View from the right anterior side.

  Fig. 3. _Tripocalpis cortinaris_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1137

  Fig. 4. _Phænocalpis petalospyris_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1173

  Lateral view (inverted).

  Fig. 5. _Haliphormis lagena_, n. sp.,                         × 200  1167

  Fig. 6. _Halicapsa lithapium_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1190

  Basal view.

  Fig. 7. _Peridium alatum_, n. sp.,                            × 300  1155

  Basal view.

  Fig. 8. _Sethopilium orthopus_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1202

  Basal view.

  Fig. 9. _Sethopilium macropus_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1203

  Fig. 10. _Amphiplecta acrostoma_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1223

  Fig. 11. _Sethopera tricostata_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1232

  Fig. 12. _Acanthocorys macroceras_, n. sp.,                   × 200  1264

  Fig. 13. _Sethophæna hexaptera_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1286

  Fig. 14. _Theopodium tricostatum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1328

  Fig. 15. _Podocampe trictenota_, n. sp.,                      × 500  1446

[Illustration: 1. 2. CORTINA, 3-7. MONOCYRTIDA, 8-13. DICYRTIDA, 14.
THEOPODIUM, 15. PODOCAMPE.]



PLATE 98.

LEGION NASSELLARIA.

Order CYRTOIDEA.

Families TRIPOCALPIDA et PHÆNOCALPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Euscenium plectaniscus_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1146

  Half frontal, half basal view.

  Fig. 2. _Cladoscenium pectinatum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1150

  Shell opened by a vertical section.

  Fig. 3. _Archiscenium cyclopterum_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1151

  View from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 4. _Pteroscenium arcuatum_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1152

  The central capsule contains a large spherical nucleus with
      a nucleolus.

  Fig. 5. _Archipera cortiniscus_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1155

  Fig. 6. _Archibursa tripodiscus_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1157

  Basal view.

  Fig. 7. _Archipilium orthopterum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1139

  Fig. 8. _Tripilidium costatum_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1141

  Fig. 8_a_. Central capsule in the upper part of the shell,

  Fig. 8_b_. Cortinar septum,

  Fig. 9. _Phænoscenium hexapodium_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1175

  Fig. 10. _Archiphæna gorgospyris_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1178

  Fig. 10_a_. Cortinar septum with four collar pores,           × 300

  Fig. 11. _Archiphormis urceolata_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1168

  Fig. 12. _Halicalyptra petalospyris_, n. sp.,                 × 400  1169

  Fig. 13. _Arachnocalpis ellipsoides_, n. sp.,                 × 300  1172

  The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and
      exhibits in the upper half the ellipsoidal nucleus and
      four oil-globules, in the lower half the slender
      striated podoconus.

  Fig. 13_a_. A piece of the network, more enlarged,            × 900

[Illustration: 1.-4. EUSCENIUM, 5. 6. ARCHIPERA, 7. 8. TRIPILIDIUM, 9. 10.
ARCHIPHAENA, 11. 12. ARCHIPHORMIS, 13. ARACHNOCALPIS.]



PLATE 99.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOGROMIA.

Family CHALLENGERIDA.

  (The central capsule is coloured red and the phæodium green
      in Figs. 1, 6, 10, 14-17, 20).

  Fig. 1. _Challengeria murrayi_, n. sp.,                       ×  50  1653

  From the dorsal side. Numerous streams of sarcode arise
      from the central capsule and pierce the calymma inside
      the shell.

  Fig. 2. _Challengeria wildi_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1653

  The peristome from the left side.

  Fig. 3. _Challengeria bromleyi_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1652

  From the dorsal side.

  Fig. 4. _Challengeria sloggettii_, John Murray                × 150  1649

  The ventral corner broken off. From the left side.

  Fig. 4_a_. Vertical section through the shell-wall.

  Fig. 5. _Challengeria tritonis_, n. sp.,                      × 150  1649

  Fig. 6. _Challengeron diodon_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1654

   From the dorsal side. The shell contains two central
      capsules.

  Fig. 7. _Challengeron pearceyi_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1654

  From the dorsal side.

  Fig. 8. _Challengeron richardsii_, n. sp.,                    × 100  1655

  From the oral margin

  Fig. 9. _Challengeron fergusoni_, n. sp.,                     × 100  1656

  From the right side.

  Fig. 10. _Challengeron triangulum_, n. sp.,                   × 200  1656

  From the right side.

  Fig. 11. _Challengeron crosbiei_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1657

  From the ventral side.

  Fig. 12. _Challengeron buchanani_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1657

  From the right side.

  Fig. 13. _Challengeron willemoesii_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1659

  From the ventral side.

  Fig. 14. _Challengeron moseleyi_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1658

  From the right side.

  Fig. 15. _Challengeron wyvillei_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1660

  From the left side.

  Fig. 16. _Porcupinia cordiformis_, n. sp.,                    × 200  1663

  From the right side.

  Fig. 17. _Pharyngella gastræa_, n. sp.,                       × 150  1662

  Fig. 18. _Pharyngella gastrula_, n. sp.,                      × 150  1662

  Fig. 19. _Entocannula infundibulum_, n. sp.,                  × 100  1661

  Fig. 20. _Entocannula hirsuta_, n. sp.,                       × 150  1661

  Fig. 21. _Lithogromia diatomacea_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1647

  A piece of the shell with diatomaceous structure.

  Fig. 21_a_. Vertical section through the shell-wall.

  Fig. 22. _Lithogromia silicea_, n. sp.,                       × 150  1647

[Illustration: 1.-15. CHALLENGERIA. 16.-18. PHARYNGELLA. 19. 20.
ENTOCANNULA. 21. 22. LITHOGROMIA.]



PLATE 100.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOGROMIA.

Family TUSCARORIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Tuscarora bisternaria_, John Murray,                 ×  30  1706

  View from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 1_a_. View from the mouth pole                           ×  25

  Fig. 2. _Tuscarora murrayi_, n. sp.,                          ×  30  1706

  View from the dorsal side. The central capsule (in the
      aboral half), and the phæodium (in the middle of the
      shell-cavity) are visible. A fine network of
      pseudopodia pierces the calymma, which fills up the
      shell-cavity.

  Fig. 3. _Tuscarora wyvillei_, n. sp.,                         ×  30  1707

  View from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 3_a_. Base of a tooth,                                   × 100

  Fig. 3_b_. Transverse section through the base of a tooth.

  Fig. 3_c_. Base of a foot.

  Fig. 4. _Tuscarora tetrahedra_, John Murray,                  ×  15  1707

  View from the dorsal side.

  Fig. 4_a_. Mouth with the three teeth,                        ×  50

  Fig. 5. _Tuscarora tubulosa_, John Murray,                    ×  40  1707

  View from the ventral side.

  Fig. 5_a_. Mouth with the two teeth,                          × 100

  Fig. 5_b_. Basal part of a single tooth,                      × 150

  Fig. 6. _Tuscarora porcellana_, John Murray,                  × 600  1708

  Fig. 6_a_. A piece of the shell, with five pores.

  Fig. 6_b_. A piece of a tooth, with the internal axial rod
      and its transverse branches.

  Fig. 7. _Tuscarusa medusa_, n. sp.,                           ×  25  1709

  View from the side.

  Fig. 7_a_. View from the mouth,                               ×  50

  Fig. 8. _Tuscaridium lithornithium_, n. sp.,                  ×  20  1710

  View from the ventral side. Central capsule and calymma as
      in fig. 2.

  Fig. 8_a_. Peristome from the ventral side.

  Fig. 8_b_. Peristome from the right side.

[Illustration: TUSCARORA.]



PLATE 101.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCYSTINA.

Families PHÆODINIDA, CANNORRHAPHIDA et AULACANTHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Phæocolla primordialis_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1544

  Central capsule, isolated. The double contoured outer
      membrane exhibits only one opening, with a radiate
      operculum and long proboscis. The granular protoplasm
      encloses clear spherical vacuoles. The sphæroidal
      nucleus contains irregular amoeboid nucleoli.

  Fig. 2. _Phæodina tripylea_, n. sp.,                          × 300  1545

  A central capsule in self-division, with two elliptical
      nuclei. The astropyle is already bisected and has two
      proboscides.

  Fig. 3. _Cannorrhaphis spinulosa_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1552

  A complete specimen with two central capsules, each of
      which contains two nuclei. The alveolate calymma
      contains a dark phæodium and is surrounded by
      tangential tubular needles.

  Fig. 4. _Cannorrhaphis spinulosa_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1552

  A single tangential tube.

  Fig. 5. _Cannorrhaphis spathillata_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1552

  A single tangential tube.

  Fig. 6. _Aulactinium actinastrum_, n. sp.,                    × 100  1574

  A complete specimen, seen in optical meridional section. In
      the centre the spheroidal central capsule, with its
      double membrane and three openings (above two lateral
      parapylæ, below the large astropyle with its radiate
      operculum). The capsule encloses numerous spherical
      vacuoles and two hemispherical nuclei, each with
      numerous nucleoli. The anterior half of the capsule is
      surrounded by the blackish phæodium. The spherical
      calymma contains numerous globular alveoles and is
      pierced by the radial tubes, the proximal ends of which
      are in contact with the surface of the central capsule
      (compare Pl. 103, fig. 1).

  Fig. 7. _Aulactinium actinastrum_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1574

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 8. _Aulactinium actinelium_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1574

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 9. _Mesocena stellata_, n. sp.,                          × 600  1557

  A single annular piece of the skeleton

  Fig. 10. _Dictyocha stapedia_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1561

  A complete specimen, observed living at Ceylon. In the
      centre is visible the large, spheroidal, tripylean
      central capsule, with its three openings, containing a
      large nucleus with numerous nucleoli. Its oral half is
      covered with the dark phæodium. The voluminous
      spherical calymma contains numerous globular alveoles
      and its surface is covered with scattered,
      stirrup-shaped pieces of the skeleton. Numerous free
      pseudopodia arise from the surface.

  Fig. 11. _Dictyocha stapedia_, n. sp.,                        × 800  1561

  A single piece of the skeleton, from above.

  Fig. 12. _Dictyocha stapedia_, n. sp.,                        × 800  1561

  A twin piece of the skeleton.

  Fig. 13. _Dictyocha medusa_, n. sp.,                          × 800  1560

  A single piece of the skeleton, from the side.

  Fig. 14. _Dictyocha medusa_, n. sp.,                          × 800  1560

  A single piece of the skeleton, from above.

[Illustration: 1.-2. PHAEODINA, 3.-5. CANNORRHAPHIS, 6.-8. AULACTINIUM, 9.
MESOCENA, 10.-14. DICTYOCHA.]



PLATE 102.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCYSTINA.

Family AULACANTHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Auloceros elegans_, n. sp.,                          ×  80  1584

  A complete specimen, observed living at Ceylon. In the
      centre is visible the red central capsule with its
      three openings, containing a large nucleus of half the
      size, with numerous nucleoli. The alveolate calymma
      encloses a green excentric phæodium, is surrounded by a
      veil of interwoven tangential needles, and forms
      conical elevations, which enclose the piercing radial
      tubes. Between these radiate numerous pseudopodia
      (compare for the single parts, Pl. 103, fig. 1 and Pl.
      104, figs. 1-3, and their explanation).

  Figs. 2-6. _Auloceros furcosus_, n. sp.,                      × 100  1583

  Distal ends of different radial tubes, exhibiting the great
      variability of this species.

  Fig. 7. _Auloceros trigeminus_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1584

  Distal end of a single tube.

  Fig. 8. _Auloceros capreolus_, n. sp.,                        × 200  1584

  Distal End of a Single Tube.

  Figs. 9, 10. _Auloceros cervinus_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1584

  Distal ends of two single tubes.

  Fig. 12. _Auloceros spathillaster_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1585

  Distal end of a single tube.

  Figs. 11, 13. _Auloceros arborescens_, n. sp.,                × 300  1585

  Distal ends of two single tubes.

[Illustration: AULOCERA.]



PLATE 103.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCYSTINA.

Family AULACANTHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Aulographis candelabrum_, n. sp.,                    × 100  1583

  _p_, The dark phæodium surrounding the central capsule on
      its oral part; _a_, a part of the surrounding alveolate
      calymma, also surrounding the central capsule; _s_, the
      veil of tangential needles covering the surface of the
      alveolate calymma; _r_, the big radial tubes, seven of
      which are visible, with an elegant verticil of terminal
      branches; _f_, the numerous pseudopodia radiating
      between the branches. The central capsule exhibits the
      following parts:--_o_, Astropyle; _u_, parapylæ; _e_,
      outer membrane; _i_, inner membrane; _v_, vacuoles;
      _n_, nucleus; _l_, nucleoli.

  Figs. 2-9. _Aulographis pandor_, n. sp.,                      × 100  1577

  Distal ends of various radial tubes of a single specimen,
      exhibiting the extraordinary variability of this
      species.

  Fig. 10. _Aulographis furcula_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1580

  A two-branched tube.

  Fig. 11. _Aulographis furcula_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1580

  A three-branched tube.

  Figs. 12, 13. _Aulographis bovicornis_, n. sp.,               × 200  1577

  Two tubes with two branches.

  Fig. 14. _Aulographis bovicornis_, n. sp.,                    × 200  1577

  A tube with three branches.

  Fig. 15. _Aulographis triangulum_, n. sp.,                    × 200  1580

  A single tube.

  Fig. 16. _Aulographis taumorpha_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1577

  Two tubes, each with two branches.

  Fig. 17. _Aulographis triglochin_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1578

  A tube with three branches.

  Figs. 18, 19. _Aulographis hexancistra_, n. sp.,              × 300  1581

  Distal end of two tubes (one with four, the other with five
      terminal branches).

  Fig. 20. _Aulographis dentata_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1582

  Distal end of a single tube.

  Fig. 21. _Aulographis ancorata_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1578

  Two tubes, each with four recurved branches.

  Fig. 22. _Aulographis tetrancistra_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1581

  A single tube.

  Fig. 23. _Aulographis stellata_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1578

  _a_ and _b_, Two rudimentary or incompletely developed
      tubes; _c_, a well-developed tube of the usual form.

  Fig. 24. _Aulographis asteriscus_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1581

  Terminal verticil of a single tube.

  Fig. 25. _Aulographis cruciata_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1578

  Distal end of a single tube.

  Fig. 26. _Aulographis pulvinata_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1582

  Distal end of a single tube.

  Fig. 27. _Aulographis serrulata_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1582

  Distal end of a single tube.

[Illustration: AULOGRAPHIS.]



PLATE 104.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCYSTINA.

Family AULACANTHIDA.

  AULACANTHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp.,                        ×  50  1586

  A complete specimen, excellently preserved, with an ovate
      alveolate calymma and two central capsules. The surface
      of the calymma is covered with tangential needles.

  Fig. 2. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp.,                        × 100  1586

  An isolated central capsule of another specimen, surrounded
      by granules of the phæodium. _o_, Radiate operculum of
      the astropyle; _u_, the two lateral parapylæ; _e_,
      external membrane of the capsule; _i_, internal
      membrane; _c_, vacuoles in the protoplasm; _n_,
      nucleus; _l_, numerous nucleoli.

  Fig. 3. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp.,                        ×  80  1586

  Two central capsules of another specimen, surrounded by the
      phæodium (Self-division). Characters as in fig. 2.

  Fig. 4. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp.,                        × 100  1586

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 5. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp.,                        × 200  1586

  Distal part of another radial tube, partly filled up by
      air-bubbles.

  Fig. 6. _Aulospathis trifurca_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1586

  Distal part of a single radial tube.

  Fig. 7. _Aulospathis trifurca_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1586

  Distal part of another radial tube.

  Fig. 8. _Aulospathis triodon_, n. sp.,                        × 100  1587

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 9. _Aulospathis tetrodon_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1588

  Distal end of single tube.

  Figs. 10-13. _Aulospathis polymorpha_, n. sp.,                × 400  1587

  Four single terminal branches with very different forms of
      spathillæ.

  Figs. 14-17. _Aulospathis variabilis_, n. sp.,                × 400  1588

  Four single terminal branches with very different forms of
      spathillæ.

[Illustration: AULOSPATHIS]



PLATE 105.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCYSTINA.

Family AULACANTHIDA.

  AULACANTHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Aulodendron indicum_, n. sp.,                        × 200  1590

  A single tube.

  Fig. 2. _Aulodendron pacificum_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1589

  Distal half of a tube.

  Fig. 3. _Aulodendron australe_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1589

  A single tube.

  Fig. 4. _Aulacantha spinosa_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1575

  Distal half of a tube.

  Fig. 5. _Aulodendron antarcticum_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1589

  A single tube.

  Fig. 6. _Aulographis pistillum_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1579

  A single tube.

  Fig. 7. _Aulographis martagon_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1579

  Distal end of a single tube.

  Fig. 8. _Aulographis triæna_, n. sp.,                         ×  80  1579

  A single tube.

  Fig. 9. _Aulographis flammabunda_, n. sp.,                    × 100  1579

  Distal end of a tube.

  Fig. 10. _Aulographis flosculus_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1580

  Distal end of a tube.

  Fig. 11. _Aulographis gemmascens_, n. sp.,                    × 100  1580

  Distal end of a tube.

  Fig. 12. _Aulographis verticillata_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1582

  Distal end of a tube.

  Fig. 12_a_. Apical view, with four verticils of five
      branches.

  Fig. 13. _Aulographis tripentas_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1582

  Distal end of a tube.

  Fig. 13_a_. Apical view, with three verticils of five
      branches.

  Fig. 14. _Auloceros dicranaster_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1585

  Distal end of a tube, seen from the side.

  Fig. 15. _Auloceros dicranaster_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1585

  Distal end of a tube, seen from the terminal face.

  Fig. 16. _Aulacantha cannulata_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1576

  Distal end of a tube.

[Illustration: 1.-5. AULODENDRON. 6.-15. AULOGRAPHIS. 16. AULACANTHA.]



PLATE 106.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Orders  PHÆOSPHÆRIA.

Family OROSPHÆRIDA.

  OROSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Orosphæra serpentina_, n. sp.,                       ×  50  1595

  The entire shell.

  Fig. 2. _Orosphæra horrida_, n. sp.,                          ×  50  1596

  The entire shell.

  Fig. 3. _Orosphæra arborescens_, n. sp. (vel _Orothamnus
      arborescens_),                                            ×  50  1597

  The entire shell.

  Fig. 4. _Oroscena gegenbauri_, n. sp.,                        ×  50  1597

  The entire shell.

  (Compare Pl. 12, fig. 1.)

[Illustration: 1. 2. ORONIA, 3. OROTHAMNUS, 4. OROSCENA.]



PLATE 107.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA.

Family OROSPHÆRIDA.

  (Fig. 8 of this Plate has no number, by mistake; it is at
      the top in the middle.)

  Fig. 1. _Oroplegma diplosphæra_, n. sp.,                      ×  50  1600

  The entire shell, enveloped by an outer mantle of spongy
      framework.

  Fig. 2. _Oroplegma giganteum_, n. sp.,                        × 200  1601

  A small piece of the spongy framework.

  Fig. 3. _Oroplegma spongiosum_, n. sp.,                       ×  50  1601

  A pyramidal elevation of the inner shell, with its spongy
      framework, and a radial spine on the top.

  Fig. 4. _Oroscena bærii_, n. sp.,                             × 100  1598

  A pyramidal elevation of the shell, with a radial spine on
      its top.

  Fig. 5. _Orona maxima_, n. sp.,                               × 300  1594

  A small piece of the network; the central canals of the
      bars are partly filled by air.

  Fig. 6. _Oroscena cuvieri_, n. sp.,                           ×  50  1598

  A single radial spine.

  Fig. 7. _Orona crassissima_, n. sp.,                          × 300  1594

  A single bar of the coarse network, with dimpled surface.

  Fig. 8. _Oroscena mülleri_, n. sp.,                           ×  50  1598

  A single radial spine.

[Illustration: 1.-3. OROPLEGMA. 4.-7. OROSCENA.]



PLATE 108.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA.

Family SAGOSPHÆRIDA.

  SAGOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Sagoscena castra_, n. sp.,                           ×  50  1608

  Half the shell, with the enclosed central capsule and the
      phæodium, stained by carmine. (The central nucleus
      dark.)

  Fig. 2. _Sagmarium spongodictyum_, n. sp.,                    ×  50  1612

  Half the shell, with its delicate spongy framework.

  Fig. 3. _Sagenoscena stellata_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1610

  Top and axial rod of a pyramid, prolonged into a crowned
      radial spine.

  Fig. 4. _Sagenoscena ornata_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1610

  A single pyramid with its axial rod, prolonged into a
      crowned radial spine.

  Fig. 5. _Sagoscena pellorium_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1609

  A single pyramid of the shell-surface.

  Fig. 6. _Sagoscena tentorium_, n. sp.,                        × 100  1608

  A piece of the shell with eight pyramids.

  Fig. 7. _Sagoscena prætorium_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1609

  Top of a pyramid.

  Fig. 8. _Sagena ternaria_, n. sp.,                            × 400  1606

  A single triangular mesh of the lattice sphere.

  Fig. 9. _Sagmidium crucicorne_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1613

  A single nodal point with three radial spines.

  Fig. 9_a_. A portion of a spine, more highly magnified.

  Fig. 10. _Sagosphæra penicilla_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1607

  One nodal point and its radial spine.

  Fig. 11. _Sagosphæra furcilla_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1607

  Two nodal points of the network.

  Fig. 11_a_. Extremity of a spine.

  Fig. 12. _Sagmidium quadricorne_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1614

  A nodal point of the shell surface, with four divergent
      spines.

  Fig. 13. _Sagoplegma scenophora_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1615

  Tops of two pyramids.

  Fig. 14. _Sagmarium plegmosphærium_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1612

  A nodal point of the spongy framework.

[Illustration: 1.-7. SAGOSCENA. 8. SAGENA. 9.-14. SAGOSPHAERA.]


PLATE 109.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA.

Family AULOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Aulosphæra dendrophora_, n. sp.,                     ×  50  1625

  The entire shell, with the central capsule and its nucleus,
      enveloped by the dark granular phæodium.

  Fig. 2. _Aulosphæra dendrophora_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1625

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 3. _Aulosphæra sceptrophora_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1625

  A hexagonal group of six triangular meshes.

  Fig. 4. _Aulosphæra sceptrophora_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1625

  A similar group, seen from the side, with three radial
      tubes.

  Fig. 5. _Aulosphæra spinosa_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1627

  A hexagonal group of six triangular meshes.

  Fig. 6. _Aulosphæra undulata_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1627

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 7. _Aulosphæra spathillata_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1624

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 7_a_. An abnormal variety,                               × 400

  Fig. 8. _Aulosphæra triodon_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1623

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 9. _Aulosphæra trifurca_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1626

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 10. _Aulosphæra cruciata_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1624

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 11. _Aulosphæra bisternaria_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1624

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 12. _Aulosphæra bisternaria_, n. sp.,                    × 600  1624

  Distal end of a single radial tube.

[Illustration: AULOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 110.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA.

Family AULOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Auloscena mirabilis_, n. sp.,                        ×  50  1628

  The complete shell, representing a regular latticed sphere,
      which is composed of equal hexagonal pyramids; the top
      of each pyramid bears a radial tube with a terminal
      corona.

  Fig. 2. _Auloscena mirabilis_, n. sp.,                        × 600  1628

  Terminal corona of a single radial tube.

  Fig. 3. _Auloscena penicillus_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1629

  A single tent-shaped elevation or six-sided pyramid,
      bearing on the top a brush-shaped radial tube.

  Fig. 4. _Auloscena flammabunda_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1629

  A single radial tube, with a centripetal free prolongation
      at the base and a verticil of undulate terminal
      branches at the distal end.

  Fig. 5. _Auloscena serrata_, n. sp.,                          × 600  1630

  Terminal corona of a single radial tube.

  Fig. 6. _Auloscena tentorium_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1628

  A single radial tube, with a centripetal prolongation at
      the base and a terminal corona at the distal end.

  Fig. 7. _Auloscena gigantea_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1629

  Basal part of a radial tube, exhibiting the internal axial
      thread and its connection with the six tubes, which
      form the edges of a flat six-sided pyramid (usually
      more elevated than the figure exhibits).

  Fig. 8. _Auloscena spectabilis_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1628

  Apex of an abnormal pyramid (sometimes occurring), in which
      seven radial tubes are united, instead of six.

  Fig. 9. _Auloscena spectabilis_, n. sp.,                      × 800  1628

  Basal part of a radial tube, in the top of a flat six-sided
      pyramid; above it the distal part of the same tube with
      its terminal corona (middle part of the tube wanting).

  Fig. 10. _Auloscena verticillus_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1629

  Apex of a six-sided pyramid, seen from the inside.

  Fig. 11. _Auloscena verticillus_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1629

  Distal part of a single radial tube, with the terminal
      corona.

[Illustration: AULOSCENA.]



PLATE 111.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA.

Family AULOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Aulonia hexagonia_, n. sp.,                          ×  30  1634

  The complete spherical shell.

  Fig. 2. _Aularia ternaria_, n. sp.,                           × 300  1621

  A group of six triangular meshes, with seven nodal points
      of radial tubes. Behind the central capsule, with its
      double membrane (_e_, outer; _i_, inner) and radiate
      operculum (_o_); _u_, the two outer parapylæ; _v_,
      vacuoles in the protoplasm. The ellipsoidal nucleus
      (_n_) contains numerous nucleoli (_l_).

  Fig. 3. _Aulastrum triceros_, n. sp.,                         ×  50  1635

  The complete shell.

  Fig. 3_a_. _Aulastrum triceros_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1635

  A single radial tube.

  Figs. 4_a_, 4_b_, 4_c_. _Aulastrum dendroceros_, n. sp.,      × 400  1635

  Three single radial spines (taken from three different
      specimens).

  Fig. 5_a_. _Aulophacus lenticularis_, n. sp.,                 × 300  1631

  A single radial spine.

  Fig. 5_b_. _Aulophacus amphidiscus_, n. sp.,                  × 300  1631

  A single radial spine.

  Fig. 6. _Aulatractus fusiformis_, n. sp.,                     ×   5  1632

  The complete shell, five times enlarged.

  Fig. 6_a_. _Aulatractus fusiformis_, n. sp.,                  ×  20  1632

  Apical part of the shell.

  Fig. 6_b_. _Aulatractus fusiformis_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1632

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 7. _Aulatractus diploconus_, n. sp.,                     ×  20  1632

  Apical part of the shell.

  Fig. 7_a_. _Aulatractus diploconus_, n. sp.,                  × 400  1632

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 8. _Auloplegma perplexum_, n. sp.,                       ×  50  1630

  Half the shell.

  Fig. 8_a_. _Auloplegma perplexum_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1630

  A single radial tube.

  Fig. 9. _Auloplegma spongiosum_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1631

  A single radial tube.

[Illustration: 1. AULONIA, 2-5. AULOSPHAERA, 6. 7. AULATRACTUS, 8.
AULOPLEGMA.]



PLATE 112.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Orders  PHÆOSPHÆRIA.

Family CANNOSPHÆRIDA.

  CANNOSPHÆRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Cannosphæra antarctica_, n. sp.,                     ×  50  1640

  The entire shell. The inner mammillate shell, from the
      month of which is prominent the phæodium, in connected
      by numerous radial beams with the outer shell.

  Fig. 2. _Cannosphæra antarctica_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1640

  The inner shell, from the mouth of which is prominent the
      phæodium, and a single hexagonal mesh of the outer
      shell, connected with the former by thin radial
      threads.

  Fig. 3. _Cannosphæra antarctica_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1640

  A single radial spine, with four terminal branches.

  Fig. 4. _Cannosphæra pacifica_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1641

  The inner shell, exhibiting on its base the widely open
      mouth, and in its upper half the transparent spherical
      central capsule with its nucleus. Of the outer shell
      (which is connected with the inner by thin radial
      threads), only a few polygonal meshes are visible.

  Fig. 5. _Cannosphæra atlantica_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1640

  The inner shell, connected by spiny radial beams with the
      outer shell, a quadrant only of which is visible.

  Fig. 6. _Cannosphæra atlantica_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1640

  A single radial spine, with five terminal branches.

[Illustration: CANNOSPHAERA.]



PLATE 113.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOGROMIA.

Family CASTANELLIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Castanissa challengeri_, n. sp.,                     × 100  1686

  In the lower part of the figure is visible the large corona
      of teeth around the mouth (_a_).

  Fig. 2. _Castanidium moseleyi_, n. sp.,                       ×  80  1686

  In the upper part of the figure, at left, is visible the
      irregular polygonal mouth (_a_).

  Fig. 3. _Castanopsis naresi_, n. sp.,                         ×  80  1688

  In the upper part of the figure is visible the smooth
      circular mouth (_a_).

  Fig. 4. _Castanura tizardi_, n. sp.,                          ×  80  1689

  Fig. 4_a_. A single main-spine of the same,                   × 400

  Fig. 5. _Castanidium murrayi_, n. sp.,                        × 100  1685

  With a large phæodium, partly protruded through the
      circular mouth.

  Fig. 5_a_. A single main-spine of the same, hexagonally
      dimpled,                                                  × 400

  Fig. 6. _Castanella wyvillei_, n. sp.,                        × 100  1683

  A piece of the shell with the mouth, armed with six large
      teeth (_a_).

  Fig. 7. _Castanidium buchanani_, n. sp.,                      × 100  1685

  A piece of the shell with the smooth roundish mouth (_a_).

[Illustration: CASTANELLA.]



PLATE 114.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Orders PHÆOCYSTINA ET PHÆOGROMIA.

Families CANNORRHAPHIDA et CIRCOPORIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Haeckeliana darwiniana_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1702

  A complete shell.

  Fig. 2. _Haeckeliana darwiniana_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1702

  A single coronet of pores.

  Fig. 3. _Haeckeliana goetheana_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1702

  The oral part of the shell with the mouth.

  Fig. 4. _Haeckeliana lamarckiana_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1701

  A single coronet of pores.

  Fig. 5. _Haeckeliana maxima_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1701

  A single coronet of pores.

  Fig. 6. _Haeckeliana porcellana_, John Murray,                × 200  1701

  A complete shell.

  Fig. 7. _Distephanus corona_, n. sp.,                         × 800  1566

  A single pileated piece (half from the side, half from
      below).

  Fig. 8. _Distephanus corona_, n. sp.,                         × 800  1566

  Two coupled pileated pieces caught into one another
      (twin-piece).

  Fig. 9. _Distephanus corona_, n. sp.,                         × 800  1566

  A single pileated piece, seen from above.

  Fig. 10. _Cannopilus diplostaurus_, n. sp.,                   × 800  1568

  A single pileated piece, seen from above.

  Fig. 11. _Cannopilus cyrtoides_, n. sp.,                      × 800  1569

  A single pileated piece, seen obliquely from the side.

  Fig. 12. _Cannopilus cyrtoides_, n. sp.,                      × 800  1569

  A single pileated piece, seen from below.

  Fig. 13. _Haeckeliana porcellana_, John Murray,               × 600  1526

  The radiate operculum of the central capsule.

[Illustration: 1.-6. HAECKELIANA, 7.-9. DISTEPHANUS, 10.-13. CANNOPILUS.]



PLATE 115.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOGROMIA.

Family CIRCOPORIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Circoporus sexfuscinus_, n. sp.,                     × 100  1695

  The cruciform mouth is visible in the upper part of the
      figure, to the right.

  Fig. 2. _Circoporus sexfuscinus_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1695

  A single radial spine, with four cruciate pores at the
      base.

  Fig. 3. _Circoporus sexfuscinus_, n. sp.,                     × 600  1695

  The radiate operculum of the central capsule, with the
      proboscis.

  Fig. 4. _Circospathis furcata_, n. sp.,                       × 100  1696

  Five of the nine spines are visible, two others (on the
      upper face) broken off. Between the latter the
      pentagonal mouth (with five teeth).

  Fig. 5. _Circospathis furcata_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1696

  The mouth with its five teeth.

  Fig. 6. _Circospathis furcata_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1696

  A piece of the shell with a radial spine.

  Fig. 7. _Circospathis furcata_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1696

  Vertical section through the base of a radial spine, to
      show the central funicle.

  Fig. 8. _Circogonia dodecacantha_, n. sp.,                    × 100  1698

  The central capsule with the elliptical nucleus (to the
      right) and the dark phæodium (to the left) are visible,
      in the upper part (to the left) the mouth of the shell,
      with six teeth.

  Fig. 9. _Circogonia dodecacantha_, n. sp.,                    × 400  1698

  A fragment of the shell, exhibiting its peculiar structure
      (needles tangentially scattered in the cement of the
      porcellanous substance), and a circle of nine pores
      around the base of a broken spine.

  Fig. 10. _Circospathis tetrodonta_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1697

  The mouth with four teeth, in profile view.

[Illustration: 1.-3. CIRCOPORUS, 4.-10. CIRCOSPATHIS.]



PLATE 116.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOGROMIA.

Families MEDUSETTIDA et CIRCOPORIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Polypetta mammillata_, n. sp.,                       × 500  1677

  In the upper part of the figure the dentate proboscis.

  Fig. 1_a_. Vertical section through the shell-wall, showing
      two of the hollow alveoles, opening on its inside,        ×1000

  Fig. 2. _Polypetta tabulata_, n. sp.,                         × 500  1677

  In the upper part of the figure the dentate proboscis.

  Fig. 2_a_. A piece of the shell, seen from the surface,
      with the triangular plates,                               ×1000

  Fig. 2_b_. Vertical section through the shell-wall, with an
      alveole,                                                  ×1000

  Fig. 3. _Circostephanus coronarius_, n. sp.,                  × 150  1699

  The polyhedral shell exhibits in its wall the small
      tangential needles. The radial spines are partly broken
      off. The mouth of the shell, surrounded by eight short
      conical teeth, is visible on the left side of the
      figure.

  Fig. 3_a_. The mouth of the shell, seen in profile, with
      eight conical spinulate teeth,                            × 400

  Fig. 3_b_. The base of a radial spine broken off, to show
      the corona of (five or six) basal pores,                  × 400

[Illustration: 1. 2. POROSPATHIS, 3. CIRCOSTEPHANUS.]



PLATE 117.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Orders PHÆOCYSTINA ET PHÆOGROMIA.

Families CANNORRHAPHIDA, MEDUSETTIDA et CIRCOPORIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Circogonia icosahedra_, n. sp.,                      ×  80  1698

  The entire shell, with twelve radial tubes and twenty
      triangular faces. In the centre of one face is the
      mouth, with six teeth.

  Fig. 1_a_. The mouth alone, with its six spinulate teeth,     × 400

  Fig. 2. _Circorrhegma dodecahedra_, n. sp.,                   ×  80  1699

  The entire shell, with twenty radial tubes and twelve
      pentagonal faces. In the centre of one face is the
      mouth, with five teeth.

  Fig. 2_a_. The mouth alone, with its five spinulate teeth,
      seen in profile,                                          × 200

  Fig. 3. _Circospathis novena_, n. sp.,                        × 100  1696

  The entire shell, with nine radial tubes and fourteen
      triangular faces. In one face (to the left above) is
      the mouth with nine teeth.

  Fig. 3_a_. The mouth alone, with its nine spinulate teeth,    × 150

  Fig. 4. _Circoporus hexastylus_, n. sp.,                      ×  80  1695

  A single radial spine.

  Fig. 5. _Circoporus sexfurcus_, n. sp.,                       ×  80  1694

  The entire spherical shell with six forked and ciliated
      radial tubes. In the centre the cruciform mouth with
      four teeth.

  Fig. 6. _Circoporus octahedrus_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1695

  The entire shell, with six verticillate radial tubes and
      eight triangular faces. In the centre of one face is
      the mouth, with four teeth.

  Fig. 7. _Cortinetta tripodiscus_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1667

  The entire shell with the enclosed central capsule, and the
      phæodium around the astropyle.

  Fig. 7_a_. The astropyle, partly detached from the wall of
      the central capsule, seen in profile,                     × 800

  Fig. 8. _Catinulus quadrifidus_, n. sp.,                      ×  80  1553

  A complete specimen, with four equal central capsules,
      united in a single spherical calymma.

  Fig. 8_a_. Some single pieces of the skeleton,                × 400

[Illustration: 1. CIRCOGONIA, 2. CIRCORRHEGMA, 3. CIRCOSPATHIS, 4.-6.
CIRCOPORUS, 7. CORTINETTA, 8. CATINULUS.]



PLATE 118.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOGROMIA.

Family MEDUSETTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Gazelletta melusina_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1674

  From the peristome of the thorny campanulate shell arise
      six large descending feet, which are studded with
      arborescent fragile lateral branches, and armed at the
      distal end with stouter dichotomous terminal branches.

  Fig. 2. _Euphysetta staurocodon_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1670

  The peristome of the ovate shell bears an odd large foot
      with three terminal branches and three cruciate
      rudimentary feet. In the upper part of the shell-cavity
      is visible the sphæroidal central capsule (containing a
      nucleus of half the size, with numerous nucleoli); in
      the lower half the dark pigment-masses of the green
      phæodium.

  Fig. 3. _Euphysetta amphicodon_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1670

  The shell-wall exhibits the regular alveolate structure.
      From the mouth are prominent large masses of the
      phæodium, which is more voluminous than the
      shell-cavity, and seems to contain nucleated cells.

[Illustration: 1. GAZELLETTA, 2. 3. EUPHYSETTA.]



PLATE 119.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOGROMIA.

Family MEDUSETTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Gorgonetta mirabilis_, n. sp.,                       × 100  1674

  The entire body. From the margin of the cap-shaped shell
      arise six ascending arborescent feet and six
      alternating descending feet, which are covered with
      anchor-pencils and branched at the distal end. From the
      mouth of the delicately alveolate shell depend
      prominent parts of the dark voluminous phæodium.

  Fig. 2. _Gorgonetta mirabilis_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1674

  The distal end of an ascending foot; the branches bear a
      terminal spathilla with small recurved teeth.

  Fig. 3. _Gorgonetta mirabilis_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1674

  The distal end of a descending foot, with three lateral
      anchor-pencils and three terminal branches (broken
      off). Odd alveole contains an air-bubble.

  Fig. 4. _Gorgonetta mirabilis_, n. sp.,                       × 600  1674

  A single thread of an anchor-pencil with two quadridentate
      spathillæ, a larger proximal and a smaller distal
      (terminal).

[Illustration: GORGONETTA.]



PLATE 120.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOGROMIA.

Family MEDUSETTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Medusetta codonium_, n. sp.,                         × 400  1668

  Fig. 2. _Medusetta quadrigata_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1668

  The central capsule is visible in the upper half, the
      phæodium in the lower half of the shell-cavity.

  Fig. 3. _Medusetta tetranema_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1669

  Fig. 4. _Medusetta craspedota_, n. sp.,                       × 400  1669

  Fig. 5. _Gazelletta hexanema_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1671

  Fig. 6. _Gazelletta bifurca_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1672

  A single alveolate foot.

  Fig. 7. _Gazelletta macronema_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1671

  Oral view of the shell.

  Fig. 8. _Gazelletta macronema_, n. sp.,                       × 800  1671

  Three joints of an alveolate foot.

  Fig. 9. _Gazelletta cyrtonema_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1671

  The upper part of the shell encloses the central capsule
      with its nucleus. The voluminous phæodium is prominent
      over the mouth.

  Fig. 10. _Gazelletta orthonema_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1671

  The central capsule and its nucleus are visible in the
      shell-cavity.

  Fig. 11. _Gazelletta schleinitzii_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1673

  Oblique apical view, with the enclosed central capsule, the
      nucleus of which contains numerous nucleoli.

  Fig. 12. _Gazelletta schleinitzii_, n. sp.,                   × 300  1673

  A single alveolate foot.

  Fig. 13. _Gazelletta trispathilla_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1673

  The middle part of a foot.

  Fig. 14. _Gazellatta robusta_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1673

  The base of a foot, exhibiting the pores of the alveoli.

  Fig. 15. _Gazelletta studeri_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1673

  The distal end of a foot; four alveoli filled up by
      air-bubbles.

  Fig. 16. _Gazelletta dendronema_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1674

  A part of the velum, seen from the inside. The alveoles are
      partly filled by air.

[Illustration: 1.-4. MEDUSETTA, 5.-16. GAZELLETTA.]



PLATE 121.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family COELODENDRIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Coelodendrum furcatissimum_, n. sp.,                 ×  50  1735

  A complete specimen with the central capsule and the big
      phæodium. The spherical calymma envelops almost the
      entire skeleton.

  Fig. 2. _Coelodendrum furcatissimum_, n. sp.,                 × 300  1735

  A distal branch with its terminal ramification.

  Fig. 3. _Coelodendrum furcatissimum_, n. sp.,                 × 100  1735

  One valve of the shell, with its galea and the four hollow
      forked tubes arising from it.

  Fig. 4. _Coelodendrum furcatissimum_, n. sp.,                 × 100  1735

  The central capsule with its nucleus; on the left side one
      valve of the closely enveloping shell (seen in vertical
      section), and its galea with the origin of the four
      tubes.

  Fig. 5. _Coelodendrum serratum_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1737

  A flabellate terminal branch.

  Fig. 6. _Coelodendrum flabellatum_, n. sp.,                   × 150  1737

  A flabellate terminal branch.

  Fig. 7. _Coelodendrum spinosissimum_, n. sp.,                 × 300  1735

  Forked distal end of a terminal branch.

  Fig. 8. _Coelodendrum cervicorne_, n. sp.,                    × 150  1736

  One valve of the shell, with its galea and the four tubes
      arising from it. A network of protoplasm connects the
      distal branches.

  Fig. 9. _Coelodrymus ancoratus_, n. sp.,                      ×  50  1738

  A complete specimen, with the central capsule and the
      enveloping phæodium. The surface of the spherical
      calymma is covered by a dense network, from which arise
      numerous, anchor-bearing, radial tubules.

  Fig. 10. _Coelodrymus ancoratus_, n. sp.,                     × 150  1738

  A small piece of the superficial network of the skeleton,
      with the zigzag radial tubules arising from it, each of
      which bears an anchor with two recurved denticulate
      teeth on the distal end.

[Illustration: 1.-8. COELODENDRUM, 9. 10. COELODRYMUS.]



PLATE 122.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family COELOGRAPHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Coelotholus octonus_, n. sp.,                        ×  30  1749

  The entire bivalved shell, seen obliquely from the dorsal
      and somewhat from the right side, enveloped by the
      yellowish calymma.

  Fig. 2. _Coelotholus octonus_, n. sp.,                        × 100  1749

  One valve of the shell (_h_) with its large galea and the
      origin of the three styles. The base of the two lateral
      styles (_g_^1, _g_^2) is connected by two latticed
      lateral frenula (_b_^1, _b_^2) with the mouth (_m_) of
      the rhinocanna (_t_). The odd style (_g_^3) is free.

  Fig. 3. _Coelothauma duodenum_, n. sp.,                       ×  20  1750

  The entire shell, seen from the dorsal side. The long
      styles are enveloped by the yellowish calymma.

  Fig. 4. _Coelothauma duodenum_, n. sp.,                       ×  80  1750

  One valve of the shell (_h_), seen from the apical side;
      _t_, rhinocanna; _m_, its mouth; _b_^1, _b_^2, the two
      lateral frenula; _g_^1, _g_^2, the two paired styles;
      _g_^3, the odd style.

  Fig. 5. _Coelothauma duodenum_, n. sp.,                       ×  80  1750

  One valve of the shell, seen in profile. Characters as in
      fig. 4.

  Fig. 6. _Coelothamnus bivalvis_, n. sp.,                      ×  30  1751

  The entire shell, enveloped by the yellowish calymma, seen
      from the left side; between the two valves is the
      central capsule, with nucleus and astropyle.

  Fig. 7. _Coelothamnus bivalvis_, n. sp.,                      × 100  1751

  A single lateral anchor-pencil.

  Fig. 8. _Coelothamnus bivalvis_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1751

  Distal end of a style, with its anchor-pencils.

  Fig. 9. _Coelothamnus bivalvis_, n. sp.,                      × 400  1751

  A single anchor-thread, with its quadridentate terminal
      spathilla.

[Illustration: COELOTHOLUS.]



PLATE 123.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family CONCHARIDA.

  (The central capsule is coloured red in the figures of this
      plate, the phæodium green).

  Fig. 1. _Concharium diatomeum_, n. sp.,                              1717

  Dorsal view. The central capsule (red) exhibits above the
      anterior tubular main-opening (astropyle), and below
      the two small posterior lateral openings (right and
      left parapylæ).

  Fig. 2. _Concharium bivalvum_, n. sp.,                        × 150  1717

  Dorsal view. The central capsule is visible in the lower
      part, the margin of the two valves in the upper part of
      the figure.

  Fig. 2_a_ exhibits the two smooth lateral margins of the
      valves, catching into one another. (Lateral view).

  Fig. 3. _Concharium nucula_, n. sp.,                                 1717

  The dorsal valve alone, seen from the outside.

  Fig. 4. _Concharium bacillarium_, n. sp.,                            1718

  Lateral view from the smooth margin, by which the two
      valves are united.

  Fig. 5. _Conchasma radiolites_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1719

  Lateral view. In the aboral half of the shell-cavity lies
      the red central capsule, in the oral half the green
      phæodium.

  Fig. 6. _Conchasma sphærulites_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1719

  Lateral view. On the aboral pole the two horns of the
      hinge.

  Fig. 7. _Conchellium tridacna_, n. sp.,                       × 200  1720

  Oblique lateral view (from the right and ventral side).

  Fig. 7_a_. Three pores of the same, with their hexagonal
      frames and six internal denticles,                        × 400

  Fig. 8. _Conchopsis carinata_, n. sp.,                        × 150  1725

  Lateral view, from the left side.

  Fig. 9. Conchopsis lenticula, n. sp.,                         × 150  1726

  Lateral view, from the right side. The two membranes of the
      central capsule are separated by a wide interval in
      this and the preceding figure. The nucleus contains
      numerous nucleoli.

  Fig. 9_a_. Two of the peculiar cells, which are contained
      in the green phæodium in large numbers,                   × 400

[Illustration: 1.-4. CONCHARIUM, 5. 6. CONCHASMA, 7. CONCHELLIUM, 8. 9.
CONCHOPSIS.]



PLATE 124.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family CONCHARIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Conchidium terebratula_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1721

  Lateral view, from the left side.

  Fig. 2. _Conchidium terebratula_, n. sp.,                     × 800  1721

  A piece of the frontal girdle-fissure, with the teeth of
      both valves catching into one another.

  Fig. 3. _Conchidium rhynchonella_, n. sp.,                    × 200  1722

  Lateral view, from the left side.

  Fig. 4. _Conchidium leptæna_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1722

  Girdle-fissure with the teeth, seen from the left side.

  Fig. 5. _Conchidium leptæna_, n. sp.,                         × 800  1722

  A single tooth with its base.

  Fig. 6. _Conchidium thecidium_, n. sp.,                       × 300  1721

  Lateral view, from the left side. In the oral part of the
      shell-cavity the dark phæodium, in the aboral part the
      central capsule with two nuclei (a dorsal and a
      ventral).

  Fig. 7. _Conchidium argiope_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1722

  Oblique oral view (half from the anterior, half from the
      left side).

  Fig. 8. _Conchidium argiope_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1722

  Dorsal valve, from below.

  Fig. 9. _Conchidium argiope_, n. sp.,                         × 600  1722

  A piece of the valve margin, with four teeth.

  Fig. 10. _Conchonia diodon_, n. sp.,                          × 200  1723

  Lateral view, from the left side. In the anterior part of
      the shell-cavity the dark phæodium, in the posterior
      part the central capsule with the nucleus. The two
      valves are connected at the posterior hinge by a
      ligament (to the right in the figure).

  Fig. 11. _Conchonia diodon_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1723

  Mouth of the shell, with its two lips, seen from the oral
      pole.

  Fig. 12. _Conchonia diodon_, n. sp.,                          × 400  1723

  A piece of the valve-margin, with four teeth.

  Fig. 13. _Conchonia triodon_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1724

  Ventral valve, seen from the lower face.

  Fig. 14. _Conchonia triodon_, n. sp.,                         × 300  1724

  Dorsal valve, seen from the left side.

  Fig. 15. _Conchoceras caudatum_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1727

  Lateral view, from the left side.

  Fig. 16. _Conchoceras cornutum_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1728

  Lateral view, from the left side.

[Illustration: 1.-14. CONCHIDIUM, 15. 16. CONCHOCERAS.]



PLATE 125.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family CONCHARIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Conchopsis aspidium_, n. sp.,                        × 150  1726

  Lateral view, from the left side.

  Fig. 2. _Conchopsis aspidium_, n. sp.,                        × 300  1726

  The hinge of another specimen, in which the two valves are
      connected by a ligament (as in figs. 8 and 9, Pl. 123).

  Fig. 3. _Conchopsis orbicularis_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1725

  Lateral view, from the left side.

  Fig. 4. _Conchopsis navicula_, n. sp.,                        × 150  1727

  Lateral view, from the right side. In the lower (posterior)
      half of the figure is visible the central capsule with
      its dark nucleus, in the upper (anterior) half the
      phæodium with two broad sagittal wings.

  Fig. 5. _Conchopsis navicula_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1727

  Three single pores with their hexagonal external frame and
      the dilated internal ovate or ampullaceous channel.

  Fig. 6. _Conchopsis navicula_, n. sp.,                        × 400  1727

  Hinge of the shell, from the right side.

  Fig. 7. _Conchopsis compressa_, n. sp.,                       × 150  1725

  Lateral view from the left side. The triangular central
      capsule with the dark nucleus is visible.

  Fig. 8. _Conchopsis compressa_, n. sp.,                       × 150  1725

  Dorsal view of the upper valve with its keel.

  Fig. 9. _Conchopsis pilidium_, n. sp.,                        ×  80  1726

  The two valves separated and seen obliquely, half from the
      lateral, half from the internal side. The inner opening
      of each valve is bordered and partly closed by a broad
      horizontal velum or diaphragm like the deck of a boat.

[Illustration: CONCHOPSIS.]



PLATE 126.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family COELOGRAPHIDA.

  Figs. 1-1_c_. _Coelographis regina_, n. sp.,                         1752

  Fig. 1. Lateral view. The central capsule it visible
      between the two valves of the inner shell, the galeæ of
      which are filled by the phæodium,                         ×  20

  Fig. 1_a_. Dorsal view (somewhat obliquely from the left
      side). The galeæ appear triangular,                       ×  20

  Fig. 1_b_. Basal view,                                        ×  20

  Fig. 1_c_. Distal end of a style,                             × 300

  Figs. 2-2_b_. _Coelodecas sagittaria_, n. sp.,                       1755

  Fig. 2. One valve of the shell, seen from the outside,        ×  30

  Fig. 2_a_. Distal end of a style,                             × 300

  Figs. 3-3_a_. _Coelostylus bisenarius_, n. sp.,                      1756

  Fig. 3. Lateral view of the bivalved shell. The central
      capsule is visible between the two valves of the inner
      shell, the galeæ of which are filled by the phæodium,     ×  20

  Fig. 3_a_. Distal end of a style,                             × 300

  Figs. 4-4_a_. _Coelagalma mirabile_, n. sp.,                         1759

  Fig. 4. Dorsal view of the bivalved shell,                    ×  30

  Fig. 4_a_. Basal view of the bivalved shell,                  ×  10

[Illustration: 1. COELOGRAPHIS, 2. COELODECAS, 3. COELOSTYLUS, 4.
COELAGALMA.]



PLATE 127.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family COELOGRAPHIDA.

  Fig. 1. Coeloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,                       ×  40  1757

  One valve of the bivalved shell, seen from the inside, of
      the usual ovate form.

  Fig. 2. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                     ×  40  1757

  One valve of the bivalved shell, seen from the inside, of
      the rarer polyhedral form, which may be distinguished
      as a different species (_Coeloplegma tritonis_, compare
      p. 1758). _h_, hemispherical inner valve; _g_, galea;
      _s_, its base.

  Fig. 3. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                     ×  40  1757

  The entire shell, seen from the base of the aboral pole
      (dorsal and ventral valve connected by delicate teeth,
      catching into one another).

  Fig. 4. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                     × 100  1757

  _h_, The two hemispherical inner valves of the shell, seen
      from the right side; _n_, the central nucleus inside
      the central capsule; _d_, the astropyle; _g_, the
      galea; _t_, the nasal tube, arising from its base; _m_,
      its mouth; _p_, the phæodium, which is partly thrown
      out by the nasal openings, filling up the galea and
      nasal tube.

  Fig. 5. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                     × 200  1757

  _h_, The two hemispherical inner valves of the shell and
      the enclosed central capsule, seen from the oral side;
      _d_, the radiate operculum of the astropyle, seen in
      the frontal fissure between the two valves; _n_, the
      nucleus; _k_, the crystals; _g_, galea; _g_^1-_g_^5,
      the styles arising from the galea; _t_, nasal tube;
      _m_, mouth of it.

  Fig. 6. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                     × 600  1757

  Oral part of a central capsule, in profile. _o_, Opening of
      the proboscis; _d_, radiate operculum of the astropyle,
      which gives rise to the proboscis; _e_, the outer, _i_,
      the inner membrane of the capsule; _k_, groups of
      crystals; _n_, nucleus.

  Fig. 7. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                     ×1000  1757

  Three single groups of crystals, taken from the central
      capsule.

  Fig. 8. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1757

  One inner valve of the shell, in profile. _h_,
      hemispherical valve; g, galea; _g_^1-_g_^5, the tubes
      arising from it; _t_, rhinocanna or nasal tube; _m_,
      its mouth; _b_, frenulum.

  Fig. 9. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                     × 400  1757

  _g_, The galea; _t_, rhinocanna of one inner valve; _m_,
      its mouth; _p_, phæodella filling up both the galea and
      the mouth of the rhinocanna. _g_^1-_g_^5, the styles
      arising from the galea; _s_, sieve-plate, which
      separates the cavity of the galea from the
      hemispherical valve (_h_). View in profile.

  Fig. 10. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1757

  An anchor-pencil of the outer shell.

  Fig. 11. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                    ×1000  1757

  A single anchor-thread of a pencil.

  Fig. 12. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                    × 300  1757

  Terminal branches of a style.

  Fig. 13. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp.,                    ×1000  1757

  A single terminal branch of a style.

[Illustration: (FAR-ÖER-CHANNEL) COELOPLEGMA MURRAYANUM.]



PLATE 128.

LEGION PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family COELOGRAPHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp.,                      ×  50  1754

  Lateral view of the entire shell. The central capsule is
      visible between the two valves of the inner shell. The
      galeæ and rhinocannæ of the two inner valves are filled
      up by the black phæodium.

  Fig. 2. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp.,                      × 100  1754

  The two valves of the inner shell; the galeæ and rhinocannæ
      of which are filled up by the black phæodium. Between
      the mouth of the two rhinocannæ is prominent the
      proboscis of the astropyle, arising from the radiate
      operculum of the central capsule. The latter contains
      numerous crystals and a big dark nucleus. Lateral view.

  Fig. 3. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1754

  The rhinocanna or the nasal tube of one valve, and the
      latticed frenulum which connects its mouth with the top
      of the galea.

  Fig. 4. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp.,                      ×  80  1754

  Distal end of a style.

  Fig. 5. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp.,                      × 200  1754

  Terminal branches of a style.

  Fig. 6. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp.,                      × 600  1754

  Lateral branch of a style, with an anchor-pencil.

  Fig. 7. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp.,                      × 300  1754

  The lateral margins of the latticed valves of the outer
      shell or mantle, catching into one another, without
      being connected directly.

  Fig. 8. _Coelospathis octostyla_, n. sp.,                     × 300  1754

  Terminal branches of a style.

  Fig. 9. _Coelospathis octodactyla_, n. sp.,                   × 400  1755

  A single terminal branch of a style.

[Illustration: COELOSPATHIS.]



PLATE 129.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Orders ACTINELLIDA et ACANTHONIDA.

Families ASTROLOPHIDA, LITHOLOPHIDA, CHIASTOLIDA et ASTROLONCHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Actinelius primordialis_, n. sp.,                    × 100   730

  The red central capsule, coloured by carmine, contains
      numerous intensely stained nuclei.

  Fig. 2. _Litholophus decapristis_, n. sp.,                    × 300   735

  The conical central capsule contains numerous nuclei. The
      calymma exhibits on the distal end of each spine a
      coronet of myophriscs.

  Fig. 3. _Chiastolus amphicopium_, n. sp.,                     × 150   738

  Sixteen diametral spines pierce the spherical, red coloured
      capsule. The conical sheets of the calymma bear
      myophriscs.

  Figs. 3_a_, 3_b_. Two isolated diametral spines exhibiting
      the peculiar spiral revolution at their central part,     × 300

  Fig. 4. _Xiphacantha ciliata_, n. sp.,                        × 300   761

  The spherical central capsule is coloured red. The
      yellowish calymma envelops the radial spines
      completely. The polygonal network of lines, in which
      the radiating pseudopodia are symmetrically arranged,
      is partly visible.

  Fig. 5. _Xiphacantha ciliata_, n. sp.,                        × 300   761

  The central part of the skeleton, exhibiting the central
      junction of the radial spines.

  Fig. 6. _Acanthometron dolichoscion_, n. sp.,                 × 300   743

  Central capsule of a young specimen; in its upper half the
      peculiar kidney-shaped nucleus is visible, with its
      invagination; in the lower half some nucleated yellow
      cells are visible (intracapsular xanthellæ). These and
      the nucleus are stained by carmine.

  Fig. 7. _Acanthometron dolichoscion_, n. sp.,                 × 300   743

  Cleavage of an isolated nucleus, with four buds.

  Fig. 8. _Acanthometron dolichoscion_, n. sp.,                 × 300   743

  A central capsule with four large budding nuclei; and
      numerous small spherical nuclei produced by gemmation.

  Fig. 9. _Acanthonia tetracopa_, n. sp.,                       × 400   749

  Central capsule of s young specimen, with a large,
      irregularly lobate nucleus.

  Fig. 10. _Acanthonia tetracopa_, n. sp.,                      × 400   749

  An isolated nucleus, exhibiting the peculiar invagination,
      with its circular folds, and the connection with the
      flatly conical nucleolus.

  Fig. 11. _Acanthonia tetracopa_, n. sp.,                      × 800   749

  Four flagellate spores.

[Illustration: 1. ACTINELIUS, 2. LITHOLOPHUS, 3. CHIASTOLUS, 4.-11.
ACANTHONIA.]



PLATE 130.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Order ACANTHONIDA.

Family ASTROLONCHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Acanthometron bulbiferum_, n. sp.,                   × 300   745

  Fig. 2. _Acanthometron cylindricum_, n. sp.,                  × 200   743

  Fig. 3. _Lithophyllium gladiatum_, n. sp.,                    × 200   754

  Fig. 4. _Stauracantha quadrifurca_, n. sp.,                   × 300   764

  Fig. 5. _Stauracantha orthostaura_, n. sp.,                   × 200   762

  Fig. 6. _Phatnacantha icosaspis_, n. sp.,                     × 400   765

  Fig. 7. _Pristacantha polyodon_, n. sp.,                      × 300   766

  Fig. 8. _Pristacantha dodecodon_, n. sp.,                     × 300   766

  Only the central parts and the leaf-cross.

  Fig. 9. _Pristacantha octodon_, n. sp.,                       × 200   765

[Illustration: 1. 2. ACANTHOMETRON. 3. LITHOPHYLLIUM. 4.-6. STAURACANTHA.
7.-9. PRISTACANTHA.]



PLATE 131.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Order ACANTHONIDA.

Family QUADRILONCHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Quadrilonche mesostaura_, n. sp.,                    × 300   777

  Fig. 2. _Quadrilonche platystaura_, n. sp.,                   × 100   777

  Fig. 3. _Xiphoptera dodecactena_, n. sp.,                     × 200   778

  The central capsule with the central part of the skeleton.

  Fig. 4. _Lonchostaurus bifurcus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   773

  Fig. 5. _Lonchostaurus crystallinus_, n. sp.,                 × 400   773

  Fig. 6. _Lonchostaurus rhomboides_, n. sp.,                   × 200   772

  The radial spines are completely enclosed in the rhombic
      calymma, the surface of which is covered with small
      plates, similar to those in the shell of the
      Sphærocapsida.

  Fig. 7. _Zygostaurus amphithectus_, n. sp.,                   × 300   774

  The square central capsule envelops the half skeleton.

  Fig. 8. _Zygostaurus sagittalis_, n. sp.,                     × 300   775

  Fig. 9. _Lithoptera tetraptera_, n. sp.,                      × 300   779

  Fig. 10. _Lithoptera quadrata_, n. sp.,                       × 300   780

  The central part of the skeleton is enclosed by the
      four-lobed central capsule.

[Illustration: 1.-3. QUADRILONCHE, 4.-6. BELONOSTAURUS, 7. 8.
LONCHOSTAURUS, 9. 10. LITHOPTERA.]



PLATE 132.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Orders ACTINELLIDA ET ACANTHONIDA.

Families ASTROLOPHIDA, ASTROLONCHIDA et AMPHILONCHIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Amphilonche lanceolata_, n. sp.,                     × 300   783

  Fig. 2. _Amphilonche hydrotomica_, n. sp.,                    × 300   786

  The spindle-shaped central capsule is filled up with small
      granules. The clear calymma forms conical sheaths for
      the spines, with myophriscs.

  Fig. 3. _Amphilonche diodon_, n. sp.,                         × 300   783

  Fig. 4. _Amphilonche concreta_, n. sp.,                       × 100   787

  A complete specimen with the cylindrical central capsule.

  Fig. 4_a_. Central part of the skeleton,                      × 400

  Fig. 5. _Amphilonche violina_, n. sp.,                        × 300   787

  Fig. 6. _Amphilonche conica_, n. sp.,                         × 300   785

  The ellipsoidal central capsule contains numerous nuclei
      and is enclosed by the calymma. The conical sheaths of
      the latter include the radial spines completely and
      exhibit coronets of myophriscs.

  Fig. 7. _Acantholonche amphipolaris_, n. sp.,                 × 200   790

  Fig. 8. _Acantholonche peripolaris_, n. sp.,                  × 300   791

  Fig. 9. _Amphibelone pyramidata_, n. sp.,                     × 300   789

  Fig. 10. _Amphibelone cultellata_, n. sp.,                    × 400   789

  The central capsule contains numerous spherical nuclei and
      is enclosed by the hyaline calymma, which forms conical
      sheaths around the spines.

  Fig. 11. _Stauracantha johannis_, n. sp.,                     × 400   763

  Basal part of a radial spine, exhibiting the peculiar
      torsion of the basal leaf-cross and the central apex.

  Fig. 12. _Astrolophus solaris_, n. sp.,                       × 200   732

  Fig. 12_a_. A group of larger and smaller radial spines
      united in the centre.

  Fig. 12_b_. Three isolated spines (one larger and two
      smaller),                                                 × 200

[Illustration: 1.-6. AMPHILONCHE, 7. 8. ACANTHOLONCHE, 9.-12. AMPHIBELONE.]



PLATE 133.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Order SPHÆROPHRACTA.

Families SPHÆROCAPSIDA, DORATASPIDA et PHRACTOPELTIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Phractopelta dorataspis_, n. sp.,                    × 300   852

  Fig. 2. _Dorypelta tessaraspis_, n. sp.,                      × 300   858

  Fig. 3. _Stauropelta cruciata_, n. sp.,                       × 400   859

  Fig. 4. _Pantopelta icosaspis_, n. sp.,                       × 400   855

  Meridional section through the double shell.

  Fig. 5. _Octopelta scutella_, n. sp.,                         × 400   856

  Proximal part of two meeting spines, isolated.

  Fig. 6. _Orophaspis furcata_, n. sp.,                         × 400   818

  Fig. 7. _Porocapsa murrayana_, n. sp.,                        × 300   800

  The central capsule is filled up by spherical vacuoles and
      enclosed by the porous shell; in the centre radii of
      small granules (nuclei ?) occur.

  Fig. 8. _Cannocapsa stethoscopium_, n. sp.,                   × 300   801

  The shell alone.

  Fig. 9. _Astrocapsa coronata_, n. sp.,                        × 400   799

  Middle part of one spine with the four aspinal holes.

  Fig. 9_a_. Transverse section of a radial spine, with the
      four surrounding aspinal holes and the neighbouring
      part of the shell,                                        × 400

  Fig. 10. _Astrocapsa stellata_, n. sp.,                       × 400   799

  Part of one spine, with the aspinal holes and their four
      triangular teeth.

  Fig. 11. _Cenocapsa nirvana_, n. sp.,                         × 200   802

  The entire shell, with its pavement of small plates and the
      twenty cruciform perspinal holes.

  Fig. 11_a_. A group of small ovate plates which compose the
      shell; in each plate a dimple with a porule,              × 400

  Fig. 11_b_. A cruciform perspinal hole, seen from the face,   × 400

  Fig. 11_c_. A cruciform perspinal hole, with its four
      teeth, seen in profile,                                   × 400

[Illustration: 1.-5. PHRACTOPELTA, 6. OROPHASPIS, 7. POROCAPSA, 8.
CANNOCAPSA, 9. 10. ASTROCAPSA, 11. CENOCAPSA.]



PLATE 134.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Order SPHÆROPHRACTA.

Family DORATASPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Dodecaspis tricincta_, n. sp.,                       × 400   834

  The enclosed central capsule contains numerous spherical
      nuclei.

  Fig. 2. _Lychnaspis minima_, n. sp.,                          × 400   841

  Six-sided basal pyramid of an equatorial spine, with the
      leaf-cross, seen from the centre.

  Fig. 3. _Zonaspis cingulata_, n. sp.,                         × 400   834

  Equatorial section through the central capsule. n, nuclei;
      g, yellow bodies (intracapsular xanthellæ).

  Fig. 4. _Zonaspis cingulata_, n. sp.,                         × 800   834

  Central pyramidal base of an equatorial spine, with the
      leaf-cross.

  Fig. 5. _Stauraspis cruciata_, n. sp.,                        × 400   831

  Central union of the radial spines, three polar spines
      being taken off.

  Fig. 6. _Lychnaspis longissima_, n. sp.,                      × 400   841

  Fig. 7. Lychnaspis minima, n. sp.,                            × 400   841

  Five-sided basal pyramid of a tropical spine, with the
      leaf-cross, seen from the centre.

  Fig. 8. _Lychnaspis minima_, n. sp.,                          × 400   841

  Six-sided basal pyramid of a polar spine, with the
      leaf-cross, seen from the centre.

  Fig. 9. _Icosaspis elegans_, n. sp.,                          × 400   844

  An isolated polar plate.

  Fig. 10. _Icosaspis cruciata_, n. sp.,                        × 400   844

  An isolated equatorial plate.

  Fig. 11, 12. _Dorataspis species_,                            × 100

  Diagram of the composition of the shell of twenty plates
      (and also of the central union of the basal
      leaf-cross).

  Fig. 11. Oblique equatorial aspect.

  Fig. 12. Accurate polar aspect (compare p. 804, 805).

  Fig. 13. _Coscinaspis isopora_, n. sp.,                       × 400   828

  An isolated equatorial plate (with two aspinal and six
      coronal pores).

  Fig. 14. _Coscinaspis isopora_, n. sp.,                       × 400   828

  Two isolated tropical plates (_b_, northern; _d_,
      southern), each with two aspinal and five coronal
      pores.

  Fig. 15. _Diporaspis nephropora_, n. sp.,                     × 400   816

  Fig. 16. _Acontaspis hastata_, n. sp.,                        × 400   829

[Illustration: 1.-5. DODECASPIS, 6.-8. LYCHNASPIS, 9. 10. ICOSASPIS,
11.-14. COSCINASPIS, 15. DIPORASPIS, 16. ACONTASPIS.]



PLATE 135.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Order SPHÆROPHRACTA.

Families SPHÆROCAPSIDA et DORATASPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Hylaspis serrulata_, n. sp.,                         × 300   846

  Fig. 2. _Lychnaspis undulata_, n. sp.,                        × 400   841

  Fig. 3. _Lychnaspis giltschii_, n. sp.,                       × 400   839

  The spherical central capsule is enclosed in the shell.

  Fig. 4. _Lychnaspis rottenburgii_, n. sp.,                    × 400   841

  Fig. 5. _Zonaspis æquatorialis_, n. sp.,                      × 300   834

  Fig. 6. _Sphærocapsa cruciata_, n. sp.,                       × 150   798

  The entire shell, with its twenty cruciate perspinal holes.

  Fig. 7. _Sphærocapsa cruciata_, n. sp.,                       × 800   798

  Insertion of one spine in the cruciate perspinal hole of
      the shell.

  Fig. 8. _Sphærocapsa quadrata_, n. sp.,                       × 800   798

  A group of pores and dimples in the shell surface.

  Fig. 9. _Sphærocapsa dentata_, n. sp.,                        × 800   798

  Insertion of one spine in the cruciate perspinal hole of
      the shell.

  Fig. 10. _Sphærocapsa pavimentata_, n. sp.,                   × 800   798

  Insertion of one spine in the perspinal hole of the shell,
      which is composed of four cruciate aspinal holes and
      surrounded by a group of dimples and pores.

[Illustration: 1.-5. LYCHNASPIS, 6.-10. SPHAEROCAPSA.]



PLATE 136.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Orders SPHÆROPHRACTA ET PRUNOPHRACTA.

Families DORATASPIDA et BELONASPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Tessaraspis arachnoides_, n. sp.,                    × 300   836

  Fig. 2. _Icosaspis tabulata_, n. sp.,                         × 200   843

  Fig. 3. _Icosaspis icosastaura_, n. sp.,                      × 400   846

  Fig. 4. _Icosaspis elegans_, n. sp.,                          × 300   844

  Fig. 5. _Tessaraspis concreta_, n. sp.,                       × 400   838

  Fig. 6. _Phatnaspis cristata_, n. sp.,                        × 400   869

  Fig. 7. _Phatnaspis haliommidium_, n. sp.,                    × 200   871

  Central capsule within the shell--outline.

  Fig. 8. _Coscinaspis polypora_, n. sp.,                       × 300   827

  A single lattice-plate of the shell.

  Fig. 9. _Phatnaspis lacunaria_, n. sp.,                       × 400   869

[Illustration: 1.-5. TESSARASPIS, 6.-9. PHATNASPIS.]



PLATE 137.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Order SPHÆROPHRACTA.

Family DORATASPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Phractaspis complanata_, n. sp.,                     × 400   809

  Fig. 2. _Phractaspis prototypus_, n. sp.,                     × 400   809

  Fig. 3. _Phractaspis constricta_, n. sp.,                     × 400   810

  Fig. 4. _Pleuraspis horrida_, n. sp.,                         × 400   811

  Fig. 5. _Stauruspis stauracantha_, n. sp.,                    × 300   832

  Fig. 6. _Stauruspis stauracantha_, n. sp.,                    × 600   832

  A single spine.

  Fig. 7. _Echinaspis echinoides_, n. sp.,                      × 300   833

  Fig. 8. _Echinaspis echinoides_, n. sp.,                      × 800   833

  A single spine.

  Fig. 9. _Coscinaspis parmipora_, n. sp.,                      × 400   827

[Illustration: 1.-3. PHRACTASPIS, 4. PLEURASPIS, 5. 6. STAURASPIS, 7. 8.
ECHINASPIS, 9. DORATASPIS.]



PLATE 138.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Order SPHÆROPHRACTA.

Family DORATASPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Coscinaspis peripora_ (vel _Dorataspis peripora_),
      n. sp.,                                                   × 300   826

  Fig. 2. _Dorataspis fusigera_, n. sp.,                        × 400   813

  Fig. 3. _Dorataspis micropora_, n. sp.,                       × 300   815

  Fig. 4. _Dorataspis typica_, n. sp.,                          × 300   815

  Fig. 4_a_. Polar view of the central union of the twenty
      spines,                                                   × 300   815

  Fig. 5. _Ceriaspis inermis_, n. sp.,                          × 400   821

  Fig. 6. _Ceriaspis favosa_, n. sp.,                           × 400   821

  Fig. 7. _Hystrichaspis fruticata_, n. sp.,                    × 300   825

  Fig. 8. _Hystrichaspis pectinata_, n. sp.,                    × 300   822

  Fig. 9. _Hystrichaspis furcata_, n. sp.,                      × 400   822

  Fig. 10. _Hystrichaspis dorsata_, n. sp.,                     × 300   823

  Fig. 11. _Hystrichaspis cristata_ (vel _Siphonaspis
      cristata_, n. sp.),                                       × 400   823

[Illustration: 1.-4. DORATASPIS, 5. 6. CERIASPIS. 7.-11. HYSTRICHASPIS.]



PLATE 139.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Order PRUNOPHRACTA.

Families BELONASPIDA et HEXALSPIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Hexacolpus nivalis_, n. sp.,                         × 300   880

  Fig. 2. _Hexalaspis heliodiscus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   875

  Fig. 3. _Hexaconus ciliatus_, n. sp.,                         × 300   876

  Fig. 4. _Hexaconus serratus_, n. sp.,                         × 300   877

  _c_, Central base of an equatorial spine; _d_, central base
      of a tropical spine.

  Fig. 5. _Hexaconus coronatus_, n. sp.,                        × 300   877

  Fig. 6. _Hexaconus velatus_, n. sp.,                          × 300   877

  Marginal view of the shell.

  Fig. 7. _Hexaconus vaginatus_, n. sp.,                        × 300   877

  Fig. 8. _Thoracaspis bipennis_, n. sp.,                       × 300   862

  Fig. 9. _Belonaspis datura_, n. sp.,                          × 400   863

[Illustration: 1.-7. HEXALASPIS, 8. THORACASPIS, 9. BELONASPIS.]



PLATE 140.

LEGION ACANTHARIA.

Order PRUNOPHRACTA.

Families BELONASPIDA, HEXALASPIDA et DIPLOCONIDA.

  Fig. 1. _Diploconus amalla_, n. sp.,                          × 300   885

  Fig. 2. _Diploconus hexaphyllus_, n. sp.,                     × 300   886

  Fig. 3. _Diploconus cyathiscus_, n. sp.,                      × 300   885

  Fig. 4. _Diploconus cotyliscus_, n. sp.,                      × 400   886

  Polar view.

  Fig. 5. _Diplocolpus serratus_, n. sp.,                       × 300   888

  Fig. 6. _Diplocolpus cristatus_, n. sp.,                      × 400   887

  Fig. 7. _Diplocolpus costatus_, n. sp.,                       × 400   887

  Fig. 8. _Diplocolpus sulcatus_, n. sp.,                       × 300   888

  Fig. 9. _Diplocolpus dentatus_, n. sp.,                       × 300   888

  Meridional section through the centre of the shell.

  Fig. 10. _Hexacolpus infundibulum_, n. sp.,                   × 300   881

  Fig. 11. _Hexacolpus trypanon_, n. sp.,                       × 300   881

  Fig. 12. _Hexaconus echinatus_, n. sp.,                       × 300   878

  Fig. 13. _Coleaspis vaginata_, n. sp.,                        × 300   866

  Meridional section through the shell.

  Fig. 14. _Coleaspis hydrotomica_, n. sp.,                     × 400   867

  Fig. 15. _Hexonaspis hexapleura_, n. sp.,                     × 400   879

  A single spine with its thick apophyses.

  Fig. 16. Hexonaspis hastata, n. sp.,                          × 400   879

[Illustration: 1.-3. DIPLOCONUS. 4.-8. DIPLOCOLPUS. 9.-12. HEXACONUS. 13.
14. COLEASPIS. 15.-16. HEXONASPIS.]



*       *       *       *       *       *



[Illustration: Track of H.M.S. Challenger, Decr. 1872 to May 1876.]




       *       *       *       *       *




Corrections made to printed text

Plate 4, heading: 'Order BELOIDEA. Family Sphærozoida.' corrected from
'Order LARCOIDEA. Family Tholonida.'

Plate 22, fig. 11: 'quadricuspis' corrected from 'quadricuspsis'.

Plate 31, fig. 9: 'distyliscus' corrected from 'dictyliscus'.

Plate 45, fig. 11: 'maclaganium' corrected from 'maclagganium' (per text).

Plate 66, fig. 3: 'dioscoridis' corrected from 'discoridis'.

Plate 96, heading: 'Lithobotryida' corrected from 'Lihtobotryida'.

Plate 105, fig. 11: 'gemmascens' corrected from 'gemmasceus'

Plate 128, fig. 2: 'rhinocannæ' (first time) corrected from 'rhinnocannæ'