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       JERUSALEM EXPLORED

             BEING

  A Description of the Ancient and Modern City.




          Cambridge:
   PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A.
    AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.




        JERUSALEM EXPLORED

              BEING

  A Description of the Ancient and Modern City,

       WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS
  CONSISTING OF VIEWS, GROUND PLANS, AND SECTIONS,

         BY ERMETE PIEROTTI,

  DOCTOR OF MATHEMATICS, AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER, CIVIL AND MILITARY, TO
  HIS EXCELLENCY SURRAYA PASHA OF JERUSALEM.

         TRANSLATED BY

  THOMAS GEORGE BONNEY, M.A., F.G.S.

  FELLOW OF ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.


  VOLUME II.--PLATES.

  [Illustration: Printer's logo]

  LONDON: BELL AND DALDY, FLEET STREET.
   CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL, AND CO.

            M.DCCC.LXIV.

  [The right of Translation is reserved.]




         CONTENTS.


      PLATE

        I. PANORAMA OF JERUSALEM, SEEN FROM THE MOUNT OF OLIVES.

       II. PLAN OF MODERN JERUSALEM.

      III. PLAN OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM.

       IV. FOUR SECTIONS OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM, SHEWING THE UNDERGROUND
           CONSTRUCTIONS IN COMPARISON WITH THE PRESENT LEVEL OF THE CITY.

        V. ANCIENT CITADEL OF THE JEBUSITES, AFTERWARDS THAT OF DAVID,
           THEN THAT OF THE PISANS. THE JAFFA GATE.

       VI. THE TOWERS PHASÆLUS AND MARIAMNE. THE TOWER HIPPICUS IS
           CONCEALED BY PHASÆLUS.

      VII. GATE OF DAMASCUS.

     VIII. VIEWS OF THE ROYAL CAVERNS, AND OF THE GROTTO OF JEREMIAH.

       IX. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE ROYAL CAVERNS, AND OF THE GROTTO OF
           JEREMIAH.

        X. DETAILS OF ANCIENT MASONRY--OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT
           CONDUITS--OF THE POOLS--OF THE WELL OF JOAB, AND OF SOLOMON'S
           RESERVOIRS AT ETHAM.

       XI. THE HARAM ES-SHERIF.

      XII. PLAN OF LAND BELONGING TO THE DAUGHTERS OF SION, AND OF THE
           SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGE COMMUNICATING WITH MORIAH, DISCOVERED BY
           PIEROTTI--SECTIONS RELATING TO THIS LAND AND TO MOUNT MORIAH.

     XIII. VIEW OF THE ARCH OF THE ECCE-HOMO, WITH THE SMALLER ARCH TO
           THE NORTH, DISCOVERED BY PIEROTTI.

      XIV. VIEW OF THE BARRACK OF THE HARAM ES-SHERIF.

       XV. REMAINS OF ANCIENT MASONRY, CALLED THE RUINS OF THE TOWER
           ANTONIA.

      XVI. VIEW OF THE POOL OF BETHESDA.

     XVII. ANCIENT JEWISH WORK IN THE NORTH-EAST OF THE HARAM WALL, NEAR
           S. MARY'S GATE.

    XVIII. EASTERN VIEW OF THE GOLDEN GATE.

      XIX. WESTERN VIEW OF THE GOLDEN GATE.

       XX. VIEW OF THE SOUTH GATE OF THE HARAM ES-SHERIF (BAB EL-HULDAH).

      XXI. WESTERN VIEW OF EL-AKSA, NEAR THE SOUTH-WESTERN ANGLE.

     XXII. WAILING-PLACE OF THE JEWS.  A PORTION OF THE ANCIENT WALL OF
           THE TEMPLE ENCLOSURE.

    XXIII. FAÇADE OF THE MOSQUE EL-AKSA.

     XXIV. SECTION OF THE MOSQUE OF EL-AKSA, AND OF ITS SUBSTRUCTIONS.

      XXV. UNDERGROUND WORKS OF THE MOSQUE OF EL-AKSA, THE MONOLITH IN THE
           UNDERGROUND WORKS.

     XXVI. NORTH-EASTERN VIEW OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH, AND OF KUBBET
           ES-SILSILEH.

    XXVII. SECTION OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH--VIEW OF THE INTERIOR OF THE
           GOLDEN GATE.

   XXVIII. FOUR MOSAICS IN THE INTERIOR OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH, AND
           MOSQUE EL-AKSA.

     XXIX. DETAILS OF THE CAPITAL OF THE MONOLITH IN THE UNDERGROUND
           WORKS OF EL-AKSA; OF THE ORNAMENTATION OF THE GOLDEN GATE; AND
           OF THE SIX CAPITALS WHICH CROWN THE COLUMNS OF THE MOSQUES.

      XXX. PLAN AND SECTION OF LAND SURROUNDING THE CHURCH OF THE
           RESURRECTION AND THE HOSPITAL OF THE KNIGHTS OF S. JOHN.

     XXXI. VIEW OF THE POOL AMYGDALON, AND OF THE DOMES OF THE CHURCH OF
           THE RESURRECTION.

    XXXII. FRONT OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION.

   XXXIII. GATE OF THE ENTRANCE-DOOR TO THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION.

    XXXIV. PLAN OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION WITH ITS LEVELS, AND
           SECTION OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE--PLAN AND SECTION OF THE TOMB IN
           ITS ANCIENT AND IN ITS PRESENT STATE.

     XXXV. INTERIOR VIEWS OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION, VIZ. GREAT
           DOME, CALVARY GREEK CHAPEL, CHAPEL OF S. HELENA.

    XXXVI. DETAILS OF SEVEN CAPITALS IN AND NEAR THE CHURCH OF THE
           RESURRECTION.

   XXXVII. ENTRANCE TO THE HOSPITAL OF S. JOHN.

  XXXVIII. RUINS OF THE CHURCH OF S. MARY THE GREAT.

    XXXIX. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE ARMENIAN CHURCH OF S. JAMES, AND
           MOSAICS.

       XL. VIEW OF THE CHURCH OF S. ANN.  PROPERTY OF FRANCE.

      XLI. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE FRENCH CHURCH OF S. ANN.

     XLII. INTERIOR OF THE CHURCH OF S. ANN, AND FOUR DETAILS OF
           ORNAMENTATION.

    XLIII. TWO DOORS IN THE TEKHIYEH EL-KHASSEKI-SULTANE, COMMONLY CALLED
           THE HOSPITAL OF S. HELENA.

     XLIV. ANCIENT GATE OF SARACENIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE DESCENT OF
           SILLA, AND A VIEW OF A FOUNTAIN IN THE TYROPOEON VALLEY.

      XLV. VIEW OF THE COENACULUM, AND OF THE SO-CALLED TOMB OF DAVID.

     XLVI. PLAN AND SECTION OF THE COENACULUM; THE SO-CALLED TOMB OF
           DAVID; AND OF THE UNDERGROUND WORKS OF MOUNT SION.

    XLVII. PLAN AND SECTION OF THE TOMBS OF ACELDAMA.

   XLVIII. SOUTH-EASTERN EXTREMITY OF THE VALLEY OF SILOAM.

     XLIX. VIEW OF THE VALLEY OF JEHOSHAPHAT.

        L. FRONT OF THE TOMB OF THE VIRGIN MARY.

       LI. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMB OF THE VIRGIN MARY, AND OF THE
           CAVE OF THE AGONY.

      LII. MOUNT OF OLIVES AND THE GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE.

     LIII. PLAN AND SECTION OF MOSQUE SITUATED ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES,
           AND DETAILS OF FIVE CAPITALS.

      LIV. PLAN AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE PROPHETS SITUATED IN
           THE MOUNT OF OLIVES.--VIEW, PLAN, AND SECTION OF THE TOMB OF
           LAZARUS AT BETHANY.

       LV. VIEW OF THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS.

      LVI. PLAN AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS, AND OF OTHER
           TOMBS; THAT OF JEHOSHAPHAT, AND ONE LIKE THAT OF OUR LORD.

     LVII. ANCIENT JEWISH SYNAGOGUE IN THE VALLEY OF THE KIDRON, TOWARDS
           THE NORTH.

    LVIII. VIEW OF THE TOMBS OF THE JUDGES, AND OF OTHER TOMBS TO THE
           NORTH OF JERUSALEM.

      LIX. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE JUDGES, AND OF THE
           OTHER TOMBS.

       LX. PLAN AND SECTION OF S. PELAGIA'S TOMB ON THE MOUNT OF
           OLIVES.--DETAILS OF SEPULCHRES IN THE VALLEY OF JEHOSHAPHAT,
           AND OF SOME OTHERS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF JERUSALEM.

      LXI. DETAILS RELATING TO THE TOMBS.

     LXII. POOL OF MAMILLAH, OR SERPENTS' POOL (ACCORDING TO JOSEPHUS),
           NEAR THE MONUMENT OF HEROD ON THE WEST OF THE CITY.

    LXIII. PLAN AND SECTION OF THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY CROSS TO THE WEST
           OF JERUSALEM, AND DETAILS OF THE MOSAICS.




    PLATE I.

  PANORAMA OF JERUSALEM, SEEN FROM THE MOUNT OF OLIVES.

  REFERENCES

   1. Hill of Evil Counsel.
   2. Aqueduct of Solomon.
   3. Mount of Rephaim.
   4. Cave of S. Peter's Repentance.
   5. Mount Sion.
   6. Tomb of David.
   7. Scene of the Last Supper.
   8. Harem es Sherîf.
   9. Court of the Mosque Kubbet es-Sakharrah.
  10. Mosque el Aksa.
  11. Kubbet es-Sakharah.
  12. Jewish Hospital.
  13. Armenian Convent.
  14. Church of S. James.
  15. English Church.
  16. Castle of David.
  17. Greek Convent of S. John the Baptist.
  18. Minaret of Ibrahim's Mosque.
  19. The Western Mountains.
  20. Tower of the Church of the Resurrection.
  21. Church of the Resurrection.
  22. Hospice of Saladin.
  23. Greek Convent of S. Basil.
  24. Latin Convent of S. Saviour.
  25. Minaret of the Serai.
  26. Tekhie el-Kasyeki Sultane.
  27. Residence of the Governor of Jerusalem.
  28. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherîf.
  29. A building belonging to the Daughters of Sion.
  30. Minaret. The ancient Palace of Herod.
  31. Church of S. Ann.
  32. Mount Gihon.
  33. Convent of the Dancing Dervishes.
  34. Herod's Gate.
  35. Ancient Church of S. Mary Magdalene.
  36. Bastion of Godfrey of Bouillon.
  37. Kerm es Sheikh.
  38. S. Mary's Gate.
  39. Saracenic Ruin.
  40. Golden Gate.
  41. Cemetery.
  42. Way of the Capture.
  43. Valley of the Kidron.
  44. Place where S. Stephen was stoned (?).
  45. Gethsemane.
  46. Arab Tower.
  47. Tomb of Absalom.
  48. Mount of Offence.
  49. Tomb of the Virgin Mary.
  50. Mount of Olives.

  [Illustration: PLATE I., Panorama of Jerusalem, seen from the Mount
    of Olives.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE II.

  PLAN OF MODERN JERUSALEM.

    REFERENCES.

  THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF MODERN JERUSALEM.
    (Beginning with the North.)

   A. Ancient Jewish Tombs.
   B. Tomb of Simon the Just.
   C. Sheikh Jerrak.
   D. Remarkable Rock. Site of an ancient Church of Eudoxia.
   E. New Protestant Church.
   F. Russian Garden.
   G. Cisterns.
   H. Church.
   I. Hospice for Male and Female Pilgrims.
   J. House of the Ecclesiastical Mission.
   K. Hospital.
   L. Coach-houses.
   M. Porter's Lodge.
   N. Blockhouse of the Guard.
   O. Mohammedan Cemetery.
   P. Ruins of the Church of S. Babylas.
   Q. Ruins.
   R. Cave.
   S. New Greek Plantations.
   T. Greek Convent of S. George.
   U. Cistern.
   V. Mill.
   X. Castle of the Sparrow (Kasr el-Asfur).
   Y. Protestant Cemetery.
   Z. Protestant School for Boys.
   W. Staircase cut in the Rock.
  (A. Scene of the Last Supper.
  (B. Tomb of David (Neby Daûd).
  (C. Christian Cemetery.
  (D. Cavern of Mount Sion.
  (E. American Cemetery.
  (F. House of Caiaphas.
  (G. Place where the Virgin died.
  (H. Cave of S. Peter's Penitence.
  (I. Ruins of an Ancient Tomb.
  (J. Tomb of S. Onuphrius.
  (K. Remarkable Tomb of Aceldama.
  (L. Pool of Bîr-Eyûb.
  (M. Ancient Jewish Pool filled up.
  (N. Tomb of the Prophet Isaiah.
  (O. Pool of Siloam.
  (P. Fountain of the Virgin.
  (Q. Scarped Rock.
  (R. Monolith of Siloam.
  (S. Remains of an Ancient Conduit.
  (T. Way of the Capture.
  (U. Remarkable Tomb.
  (V. Tomb of Zachariah.
  (X. Tomb of S. James (Diwan Faroon).
  (Y. Bridge of the Capture.
  (Z. Tomb of Absalom.
  (W. Tomb of Jehoshaphat.
   a. Water-Conduit.
   b. Site of the Ancient Church dedicated to the Pater Noster.
   c. Site of the Ancient Church dedicated to the Creed.
   d. Tomb of S. Pelagia.
   e. Site of the Ascension.
   f. Place where Jesus wept over Jerusalem.?
   g. Ancient Olive.
   h. Place where Judas betrayed Jesus.
   i. Place where the Apostles fell asleep.
   j. Arab Tower.
   k. Cave of the Agony.
   l. Tomb of the Virgin.
   m. Place where S. Stephen was stoned.
   n. Pool called Hammam Sitti-Miryam.
   o. Pool of the Pilgrim.
   p. Ditch cut in the Rock.
   q. Cemetery (Turbet ez-Zahara).
   r. Cotton Grotto (Megharet el-Kotton).
   s. Cisterns.


  CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE MODERN CITY.
    (Beginning at the North).

   t. Damascus Gate (Bab el-`Amûd).
   u. Gate of Herod (Bab ez-Zahari).
   v. S. Mary's Gate (Bab Sitti-Miryam).
   x. Saracenic Ruin.
   y. Golden Gate (Bab ed-Dahariyeh).
   z. Gate of Jehoshaphat (according to De Saulcy).
   w. Sirah Bridge, or Bridge of Paradise.
  (a. Gate of Jehoshaphat (according to Pierotti), closed.
  (b. Triple gate, closed.
  (c. South Gate (Bab el-Huldah), closed.
  (d. Dung Gate (Bab el-Mugharibeh).
  (e. Sion Gate (Bab en-Neby Daûd).
  (f. Jaffa Gate (Bab el-Khalil).
  (g. The Office of the Quarantine.
  (h. The Custom-house. Greek Shops.


  INTERIOR OF THE CITY.
    (Beginning of the West.)

    1. Castle of David.
    2. Pool filled up.
    3. Present residence of the Latin Patriarch.
    4. House of the Anglican Bishop.
    5. Greek Convent of S. John Baptist.
    6. Pool of Hezekiah.
    7. Hospice of the Copts.
    8. Latin Hospital of S. Louis.
    9. Coptic Convent.
   10. Greek Catholic Convent.
   11. Greek Convent of S. Demetrius.
   12. New residence of the Latin Patriarch.
   13. Mohammedan Tomb.
   14. Ancient Ruins.
   15. Ancient Mosque.
   16. Greek Convent of S. Basil.
   17. Greek Convent of S. Theodore.
   18. Casa Nuova (Deir Jedidi).
   19. Latin Convent of S. Saviour.
   20. Greek Convent of S. George of the Hospital.
   21. Latin School for Boys.
   22. Greek Convent of S. Michael.
   23. Latin Sisters of S. Joseph.
   24. Greek Convent of S. Nicholas.
   25. Temporary residence of the Russian Bishop.
   26. Greek School for Boys.
   27. Greek School for Girls.
   28. Greek Convent of the Virgin Woman.
   29. Greek Convent of S. Constantine.
   30. Residence of the Greek Patriarch.
   31. Greek Convent of S. Catharine.
   32. Greek Convent of S. Euthymius.
   33. Greek Convent of the Virgin Child.
   34. Hospice of Saladin (el-Kanki).
   35. Church of the Resurrection.
   36. Vestibule of the Church of the Resurrection.
   37. Ground anciently belonging to the Knights of S. John.
   38. Lesser Mosque of Omar.
   39. Greek Convent dependent on the Church of Gethsemane.
   40. Land formerly belonging to the Church of S. Mary the Great.
   41. Ruins of the Church of S. Mary the Great.
   42. Ancient Bazaar.
   43. Greek Convent of S. Abraham.
   44. Land for the Russian Consulate on the site of the ancient Church
       of S. Mary Latin.
   45. Convent and Court of the Abyssinians.
   46. Cistern of S. Helena belonging to the Copts.
   47. Latin House, called that of the Prince.
   48. Greek Convent of S. Charalampes, where Jesus met the Daughters of
       Sion.
   49. Prussian House.
   50. Gate of Judgment, with an ancient pillar. Second Fall of Jesus.
   51. Residence of the Spanish Consul.
   52. Protestant School for Girls.
   53. Protestant School for Carpenters.
   54. New Greek Convent.
   55. Foundation of Ancient Towers.
   56. Mohammedan Convent of Dervishes.
   57. Interior of the Cotton Grotto.
   58. Convent of the Dancing Dervishes, ancient Church of S. Peter.
   59. Mohammedan Tombs.
   60. Ancient Church of S. Mary Magdalen.
   61. Ancient Walls.
   62. Church of S. Ann, the property of France.
   63. Ruins of the Convent of the Sisters of S. Benedict.
   64. Bath (Hammam Sitti Miryam).
   65. Sheep Pool (Birket Israïl).
   66. Mohammedan Bath.
   67. Remains of Ancient Masonry, called the Tower Antonia.
   68. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherîf.
   69. Scala Sancta.
   70. Chapel dedicated to the Flagellation.
   71. Ancient Church, dedicated to the Nativity of Mary.
   72. Hospice of the Flagellation.
   73. Convent of the Daughters of Sion.
   74. Spring discovered by Pierotti, July 12, 1860.
   75. Subterranean Passage discovered by Pierotti, June 3, 1860.
   76. Ruined Mosque, the ancient Palace of Herod.
   77. Minaret.
   78. Arch, called that of the Ecce Homo.
   79. Hospice of the Kusbeck Dervishes.
   80. Austrian Hospice.
   81. Ruined Church of the Spasma.
   82. First Fall of Christ, upon ground belonging to Armenian Catholics.
   83. Residence of the Governor of Jerusalem.
   84. School of Saladin.
   85. Fountains.
   86. Military Hospital. House of Dives.
   87. Spot where Jesus met his Mother.
   88. Spot where Simon the Cyrenian took the Cross.
   89. House of Veronica.
   90. Prussian Consulate.
   91. Prussian Hospice.
   92. Hospital of S. Helena (Tekhie el-Kasyeki Sultane).
   93. House of the Dervishes. (Ancient Saracenic.)
   94. Ancient German Hospital.
   95. Bazaar of the Haram es-Sherîf.
   96. Bath (Hammam es-Shefa).
   97. Ancient Bridge, according to Williams and Pierotti.
   98. Hospital of Omar.
   99. Tribunal of the Kadi (Mehkemeh).
  100. Jews' Wailing-place.
  101. Gate Mugharibeh.
  102. Ancient Pier, called Robinson's Bridge.
  103. Ancient Walls.
  104. Jewish Hospital, called the Rothschild.
  105. Jewish Synagogue.
  106. Jewish Hospice.
  107. Polish Synagogue.
  108. Synagogue.
  109. Ancient Gate.
  110. English Hospital.
  111. English property.
  112. Prussian Hospital. House of the Prussian Deaconesses.
  113. English Church and Houses.
  114. House of S. James the Less.
  115. Ruins of the Prison of S. Peter.
  116. Armenian Convent.
  117. Church of S. James.
  118. Residence of the Armenian Patriarch.
  119. Armenian Garden.
  120. Barrack of Mount Sion.
  121. Armenian Hospice for Pilgrims.
  122. Armenian Seminary.
  123. Armenian House. Pilgrims.
  124. Quarter of the Lepers.
  125. House of Anna (Deir ez-Zeitun).
  126. Greek Convent of S. George.
  127. Large and Ancient Synagogue.
  128. New buildings of the Jews.

  [Illustration: PLAN OF MODERN JERUSALEM, PLATE II.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE III.

  PLAN OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM.

    REFERENCES.

  (Beginning at the North.)
  A. Ancient Synagogue.
  B. Pool of Kidron.
  C. Fosse of the Ancient City, to the North.
  D. Channel of the waters of Gihon.
  E. Pool of the Serpents, or Bethora.
  F. Restored Pool.
  G. Remains of Ancient Jewish Walls.
  H. Monument of Ananus.
  I. Solomon's Pool. King's Pool.
  J. Reservoir of Siloam. Pool of Scelah.
  K. Pool for Blood.
  L. Monolith. Ancient Tomb.
  M. Jewish Tombs.
  N. Monument erected by Absalom (not the pyramidal part).
  O. Golden Gate of the time of Justinian.
  P. Gate of the time of Crusaders.
  Q. Triple Gate of the time of Justinian.
  R. Huldah Gate.
  S. Tomb of David and of the other Kings.

  GATES OF THE CITY OF NEHEMIAH.

    I.  Sheep Gate.
   II.  Tower of Hananeel.
   III. Tower of Meah.
   IV.  Fish Gate.
    V.  The Old Gate.
   VI.  Ephraim Gate.
   VII. Eastern Gate.
  VIII. Water Gate.
   IX.  Fountain Gate.
    X.  Valley Gate.
   XI.  Dung Gate.
   XII. Steps of the City of David.
  XIII. The Broad Wall.
   XIV. The Tower of the Furnaces.
   XV.  Sheepfold Gate.

  GATES OF THE CITY BELONGING TO PERIODS BEFORE THE
   TIME OF NEHEMIAH, AND AFTER THE TIME OF HEROD.

  a. Double Gate, or Gate between the Two Walls.
  b. Corner Gate.
  c. Sheep Gate.
  d. Gennath Gate.
  e. North Gate.
  f. Gate of the Essenes.

  INTERIOR OF THE CITY (ACCORDING TO PIEROTTI).

   1. Fortress of Sion.
   2. Hippicus.
   3. Phasael.
   4. Mariamne.
   5. Millo. Descent to Silla. Street of David.
   6. Amygdalon.
   7. Tower Psephinus.
   8. Women's Tower.
   9. Corner Tower.
  10. Pool of Struthium.
  11. Tower Baris, or Antonia, or Citadel of Antiochus Epiphanes.
  12. Roman Arch, not earlier than the time of Adrian.
  13. Passage called by Josephus Strato's Tower.
  14. Ancient Prætorium.
  15. Remains of the Walls of the Prætorium.
  16. Pavement, or Gabbatha.
  17. Way of the Cross (according to Pierotti).
  18. Passage of Herod.
  19. Threshing-Floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
  20. Altar of Burnt Offerings.
  21. Cistern for Blood.
  22. Place of the Ashes.
  23. Cisterns for receiving the Blood.
  24. Position of Solomon's Palace.
  25. Basilica of S. Mary, of the time of Justinian.
  26. "Stoa Basilica," early underground Buildings of Jewish construction
      restored by Justinian.
  27. Substructions of the Aksa of the time of Justinian.
  28. Ancient Pillar.
  29. Herodian Wall.
  30. Foundations of the Eastern Tower of the Bridge of the time of
      the Maccabees.
  31. Palace of the Senate.
  32. Bridge now existing (according to Williams and Pierotti).
  33. Xystus.
  34. Palace of King Agrippa, overlooking the Temple.
  35. Sepulchre of Jesus Christ.
  36. Golgotha.

  [Illustration: PLAN OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM, Plate III.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE IV.

  FOUR SECTIONS OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM, SHEWING THE UNDERGROUND
  CONSTRUCTIONS IN COMPARISON WITH THE PRESENT LEVEL OF THE CITY.

    REFERENCES.

  SECTION (A) (B).

    A. Mount Scopus.
    B. Ancient Jewish Tomb.
    C. Pool of the Kidron.
    D. The North-west Mountains.
    E. Cistern.
    F. Way.
    G. Ancient Tomb.
    H. Ancient level of the Brook Kidron.
    I. Present level of the Brook Kidron.
    K. Supposed Water-Conduit of Hezekiah, according to Williams.
    L. Monument of Helena, according to De Barrère and Pierotti.
    M. Ancient level of the Lower City.
    N. Place covered with ruins and earth.
    O. Sewers of the Tyropoeon Valley.
    P. Cistern.
    Q. North Gate, according to Josephus.
    R. Damascus Gate.
    S. Tower Psephinus of Schultz.
    T. Height of Bezetha.
    U. Russian property.
    V. Tower Psephinus of Barclay.
    X. Tower Psephinus of Pierotti.
    Y. Present level of the City.
    Z. Ancient level of the Upper City.
    W. Church of the Resurrection.
    a. Latin Convent of S. Saviour.
    b. Fountain.
    c. Level of the Haram es-Sherîf.
    d. Residence of the Latin Patriarch.
    e. Jaffa Gate.
    f. Tower Hippicus.
    g. English Church.
    h. Street of David.
    i. Bridge uniting Moriah and Sion, now existing.
  (K). Aqueduct of Solomon.
    l. Church of S. James.
    m. Dung-Gate.
    n. Zion Street.
  (O). Subterranean passage.
    p. Conduit for blood.
  (Q). Fountain of the Virgin.
  (T). Water Conduit.
  (M). Upper Pool of Siloam.
    s. Water Conduit.
    t. Lower Pool of Siloam.
    u. Valley of Hinnom.
    v. Valley of Rephaim.
    x. Height of Bezetha.
    y. Scene of the Last Supper.
  (Z). Aceldama.
  (1). Hill of Evil Counsel.
    2. Tophet.
    3. Brook Kidron.
    4. En-Rogel = Bîr-Eyûb.

  SECTION (G) (H).

  (A). Mount Scopus.
    D. The north-west Mountains.
    H. Ancient level of the Brook Kidron.
    I. Present level of the Brook Kidron.
    5. Ancient Mohammedan Cemetery.
    6. Kerm es-Sheikh.
    7. Ditch of the City, cut in the rock.
    8. Present Wall of the City.
    9. Ancient level of the Northern valley.
    N. Place covered with ruins and earth.
    T. Height of Bezetha.
    X. Tower Psephinus of Pierotti.
   10. Pool of Bethesda.
   11. Subterranean Passage made by Herod.
    W. Church of the Resurrection.
   12. Court of the Mosque Kubbet es-Sakharah.
   13. Kubbet es-Sakharah.
    e. Jaffa Gate.
   14. Cistern of Araunah.
   15. Cisterns for Blood.
   16. Haram es-Sherîf.
   17. Mosque el-Aksa.
   18. Underground works of el-Aksa.
   19. Ophel.
   20. Present wall of the City.
    1. Church of S. James.
    p. Conduit for Blood.
  (2). Fountain of the Virgin.
    3. Brook Kidron.
   21. Mount Sion.
   22. Village of Siloam.
    u. Valley of Hinnom.
    x. Height of Bezetha.
   23. Height of the Mount of Offence.
   24. Mount of Offence.
    4. En-Rogel = Bîr-Eyûb.

  SECTION (D) (C).

   23. Mount of Olives.
   24. Place where Jesus wept over Jerusalem.
   25. Height of the Mount Scopus.
   26. Jewish Cemetery.
    H. Ancient level of the Brook Kidron.
    I. Present level of the Brook Kidron.
    N. Place covered with ruins and earth.
    T. Height of Bezetha.
    8. Present Wall of the City.
    p. Conduit for Blood.
   27. Cistern of Blood.
   12. Court of the Mosque Kubbet es-Sakharah.
   14. Cistern of Araunah.
   28. Dome of the Chain.
   13. Kubbet es-Sakharah.
   29. Mount Moriah.
   30. Acra.
   31. Bazaar of the Haram.
   32. Tyropoeon Valley.
   33. Mount Sion.
    W. Church of the Resurrection.
   34. Pool of Amygdalon.
  (K). Hezekiah's Canal.
   35. Valley of Gihon.
   36. Upper Pool = Birket Mamillah.
   37. Monument of Herod.

  SECTION (E) (F).

    L. Monument of Helena.
    M. Ancient level of the City.
   38. Tyropoeon Valley.
    8. Present Wall of the City.
    N. Place covered with ruins and earth.
    W. Church of the Resurrection.
   39. Mosque of Omar.
   40. Ground anciently belonging to the Knights of S. John.
   41. Mount Gareb.
    u. Valley of Hinnom.
    v. Valley of Rephaim.
   42. Hill of Evil Counsel.
  (1). Hill of Evil Counsel.

  ((S)). Conventional Signs.

  ((a)). Rock.
  ((b)). Place covered with ruins and earth.
  ((c)). Buildings of the City.
  ((d)). Mountains.
  ((e)). Water-Conduits.
  ((f)). Sewers.
  ((g)). Supposed Water-Conduits.
  ((h)). Conduit for Blood.
  ((i)). Ancient level of the City.
  ((h)). Subterranean passages.
  ((k)). Ancient or Remarkable Edifices.

  [Illustration: PLATE IV.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE V.

  ANCIENT CITADEL OF THE JEBUSITES, AFTERWARDS THAT OF DAVID, THEN THAT
  OF THE PISANS. THE JAFFA GATE.


   1. Jaffa Gate.
   2. Present Wall of the City.
   3. The Custom House.
   4. Citadel.
   5. Barrack of Mount Sion.
   6. Minaret of the Citadel.
   7. Road from Bethlehem.
   8. Road from Jaffa.
   9. Mount Sion.
  10. Valley of Gihon.

  [Illustration: PLATE V.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--E. Walker, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




     PLATE VI.

  THE TOWERS PHASÆLUS AND MARIAMNE. THE TOWER HIPPICUS IS CONCEALED BY
  PHASÆLUS.

   1. Citadel Gate.
   2. Citadel.
   3. Tower Phasælus.
   4. Tower Mariamne.
   5. Breast-work of a ditch.
   6. Upper Road of Sion.

  [Illustration: PLATE VI.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]





    PLATE VII.

  GATE OF DAMASCUS.

   1. Cistern.
   2. Cistern in which the Author found the Old Northern Gate mentioned
      by Josephus.
   3. Northern Road.
   4. Road going round the City.
   5. Elevation of the ground.
   6. Ancient Wall of Herod. Masonry of Herod's Wall.
   7. Path leading into the Royal Caves.
   8. Dome of the Church of the Resurrection.

  [Illustration: PLATE VII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE VIII.

  VIEWS OF THE ROYAL CAVERNS, AND OF THE GROTTO OF JEREMIAH.

  Fig. 1. Royal Caverns.
   1. Present City Walls.
   2. Rock.
   3. Outer Cave.
   4. Ancient Entrance of the Inner Cave.
   5. Present lower level of the ground.

  Fig. 2. Cave of Jeremiah.
   1. Rock = Cave.
   2. Inner Cave.
   3. Place of Prayer.
   4. Cemetery of Dervishes.

  [Illustration: PLATE VIII.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE IX.

  PLANS AND SECTION OF THE ROYAL CAVERNS, AND OF THE GROTTO OF JEREMIAH.

  Fig. 1. Royal Caverns.
   1. Ancient Entrance into the Caves.
   2. Present Entrance.
   3. The place from which the Jews quarried stones.
   4. Large and deep Excavations, from which the Monolith of the Mosque
      el-Aksa was taken.
   5. Fountain.
   6. Overhanging rocks.
   7. Chiselled rock, with the places from which blocks have been
      extracted.
   A. Present Wall of the City.
   B. }
      }
   C. }
      } Positions corresponding with the different Levels of the Section.
   D. }
      }
   &c.}

  Fig. 2. Grotto of Jeremiah.
   8. Entrance.
   9. Ancient Room of the period of S. Helena.
  10. Cemetery of Dervishes.
  11. Mohammedan Tomb of a Dervish.
  12. Dervishes' Cooking-place.
  13. Premises for food.
  14. Place of Prayer.
  15. Chiselled rock, with the places from which blocks have been
      extracted.
  16. Pilaster.
  17. Mill.
  18. Modern Wall.

  [Illustration: PLATE IX.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE X.

  DETAILS OF ANCIENT MASONRY--OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT CONDUITS--OF
  THE POOLS--OF THE WELL OF JOAB, AND OF SOLOMON'S RESERVOIRS AT ETHAM.

  Fig. 1.  Wall of the City of the time of Solomon.
  Fig. 2.  Restoration of the Wall in the time of Nehemiah.
  Fig. 3.  Wall of the time of Herod.
  Fig. 4.  Roman Wall.
  Fig. 5.  Wall restored by Solyman.
  Fig. 6.  Wall of the Pool of Bethesda.
       a.  General Conformation of the Stones composing the Wall of the
           Pool.
       b.  Surface of the Wall.
       c.  Joinings of the Stones covered with mosaic work.
       d.  Wall with the whole of its surface rendered level.
       e.  Section of the Wall without mosaic.
       f.} Details of the Conformation of the Wall.
       g.}
  Fig. 7.  Section of the Wall of the Well Bir-Eyub.
  Fig. 8.  Section of an arched Conduit.
  Fig. 9.  Section of a Conduit roofed with slabs of Stone.
  Fig. 10. Section of Conduits with Pipes.
  Fig. 11. Plan and Section of the Pools of Solomon.
      a-b. Direction for finding the Sealed Fountain at Etham.
        I. First or Western Pool.
       II. Central Pool.
      III. Third or Eastern Pool.
        1. Road to the Convent of St George.
        2. Roads from Bethlehem to Hebron.
        3. Castle.
        4. Basin into which the Waters of the Sealed Fountain flow.
        5. Fountain.
        6. Conduits for Water.
        7. Place from which the Waters are directed to Jerusalem.
        8. Aqueduct leading to Jerusalem.

  [Illustration: PLATE X.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XI.

  THE HARAM ES-SHERIF.

  Beginning at the South-West corner of the Haram.

   A. Ancient Pier, supposed by Dr Robinson to be part of a Bridge.
   B. Wailing Place of the Jews.
   C. Wall of the time of Herod.
   D. Foundations of an ancient Tower (Asmonean period).
   E. Vaulted Gallery (Strato's Tower of Josephus).
   F. Arch of the Ecce Homo.
   G. Church of the Nativity of the Virgin.
   H. Pool of Bethesda.
   I. Wall of the date of Solomon in the foundations of the enclosure.
   J. Golden Gate.
   K. S. Mary's Gate.
   L. Subterranean Passage.
   M. Levelled Rock.
   N. Northern side of the ancient Tower Antonia.
   O. Remains of the wall of the Prætorium.
   P. Position of the Citadel of Antiochus Epiphanes.
   Q. Platform of the Kubbet es-Sakharah.
   R. Position of the Courts of the ancient Temple.
   S. Site of the ancient Temple.
   T. Site of the Holy of Holies.
   U. Site of the Holy Place.
   V. Altar of Burnt-offerings.
   W. Court of the Women.
   X. Court of the Israelites.
   Y. Court of the Levites.
   Z. Court of the Gentiles.

   a. Cistern which received the Blood of the Victims (the Cistern of the
      Threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite).
   b. The place of the Ashes.
   c. Conduit for the Blood.
   d. Cistern for the Blood.
   e. Great vaulted Chamber (anciently below the Stoa Basilica).
   f. Pointed Arch of the date of the Crusades (Gate of Jehoshaphat).
   g. Triple Gate of the time of Justinian.
   h. Gate of Huldah.
   i. Vaults below the Aksa.
   j. Monolith in the Vaults.
   m. Plan of the ancient Basilica of Justinian, as first discovered by
      Williams.
   n. Parts added by the Saracens.
   o. Armoury of the Crusaders.
   p. Site of Justinian's Hospice.

  Beginning at the Western side, near the Southern end.

   1. Gate of the Mogarabins (Bâb el-Mogharba).
   2. Gate of the Chain (Bâb es-Silsileh).
   3. Gate of the Cotton Merchants (Bâb el-Katannin).
   4. Gate of Iron (Bâb el-Kadid).
   5. Gate of the Inspector (Bâb el-Nadhir).
   6. First Fall of Christ.
   7. Via Dolorosa.
   8. Spring discovered by Pierotti.
   9. Vault and Conduit discovered by Pierotti.
  10. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherîf.
  11. Gate of the Serai (Bâb es-Serai).
  12. Gate of the Flocks (Bâb el-Ghavârineh).
  13. Minaret of the Serai.
  14. Scala Sancta.
  15. Bâb el-Davater.
  16. Ruined Bath.
  17. Bâb el-Hotta.
  18. Bâb es-Sabbat.
  19. Houses of the dates of the Crusades, of Solyman, and of Selim.
  20. Mohammedan Place of Prayer.
  21. Stairs leading to the Barrack of the Haram.
  22. Chamber of the Dervishes who guard the Haram.
  23. Council-chamber of the Effendis.
  24. Storehouse belonging to the Kubbet es-Sakharah.
  25. Small Mosque dedicated to Fatima (daughter of Mohammed).
  26. Small Mosque dedicated to the Angel Gabriel.
  27. Kubbet es-Sakharah, commonly called the Mosque of Omar.
  28. Bâb el-Garb (Western Gate).
  29. Bâb el-Kibli (Gate of Prayer).
  30. Bâb el-Jenni (Gate of Paradise).
  31. Bâb el-Daûd (Gate of David).
  32. Bir er-Arruah (Well of the Souls).
  33. Sacred Rock of Solomon (Mohammedan tradition).
  34. Kubbet es-Silsileh (Dome of the Chain).
  35. Place where Saladin reposed after entering Jerusalem.
  36. Stairs of valuable Marbles.
  37. Wezn (the Invisible Balance).
  38. Bâb el-Khadar. Cradle of Jesus.
  39. Tombs of the Sons of Aaron (Mohammedan tradition).
  40. Place reserved for the Women.
  41. Chapel of S. John and Zacharias.
  42. Ancient Wooden Pulpit.
  43. Impression of the Foot of Jesus Christ.
  44. Columns of Proof.
  45. Minaret of the Mogarabins.
  46. Great Storehouse of the Aksa.
  47. Cultivated Fields.
  48. Dung Gate.
  49. Cactus Plantation.
  50. Jewish Hospital (Rothschild's).
  51. Pier (the Bridge of Dr Robinson).
  52. Small Jewish Synagogue.
  53. Mekhemeh (Mohammedan Tribunal).
  54. Small Saracenic House.
  55. Hammam es-Shefa (Bath).
  56. Fountain (without Water).
  57. Ruined Bath.
  58. Bazaar of the Haram.
  59. Entrance to the Hammam es-Shefa.
  60. Tekhiyeh el-Khasseki-Sultane (Hospital of S. Helena).
  61. School of Saladin (in ruins).
  62. House with a façade of Saracenic Architecture.
  63. Ancient Building of the date of Saladin, now a Government Prison.
  64. Saracenic Fountain (without water.)
  65. Military Hospital (House of Dives).
  66. Place where Simon the Cyrenian met our Saviour.
  67. Place where the Virgin Mary met our Saviour.
  68. Palace of the Governor.
  69. Property of the Armenian Catholics.
  70. Property of the Kusbeck Dervishes.
  71. Hospice for Austrian Italy.
  72. Property of the Daughters of Sion.
  73. Hospice of the Flagellation and Chapel.
  74. Remains of an Ancient Tower (commonly called the Tower Antonia).
  75. Property of the Church of S. Ann belonging to France.
  76. Saracenic Fountain (without water).
  77. Pool of the Virgin.
  78. Ruin of a small Saracenic Monument.
  79. Throne of Solomon (Mohammedan tradition).
  80. Tomb of Yacûb Pasha and his Wife.

  [Illustration: HARAM ES-SHERIF, Plate XI.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XII.

  PLAN OF LAND BELONGING TO THE DAUGHTERS OF SION, AND OF THE SUBTERRANEAN
  PASSAGE COMMUNICATING WITH MORIAH, DISCOVERED BY PIEROTTI--SECTIONS
  RELATING TO THIS LAND AND TO MOUNT MORIAH.

  Fig. 1. Building belonging to the Daughters of Sion.

   V. Spring discovered by Pierotti.
   X. Water-conduit.
   1. Sewer.
   2. Mohammedan properties.
   3. To Gate of Herod, and Bezetha.
   4. To Hospice of the Flagellation.
   5. To Bezetha.
   6. Convent of the Daughters of Sion.
   7. Greek property.
   8. Latin property.
   9. Via Dolorosa (traditional).
  10. Arch discovered by Pierotti.
  11. Arch called that of the Ecce Homo (posterior to the death of
      Christ).
  12. Ancient Christian Chapel.
  13. Convent of the Kusbeck Dervishes.
  14. Subterranean passage discovered by Pierotti.
  15. Ancient Gate, closed.
  16. Sewer discovered by Pierotti.
  17. Descent into vault.
  18. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherîf.
  19. To Haram es-Sherîf.
  20. Minaret of Haram es-Sherîf.
  21. Gate, closed.
  22. Rock. Haram es-Sherîf.
  23. Western Sewer} discovered by
  24. Eastern Sewer} Pierotti.
  Fig. 2. (G) (H). Longitudinal Section.
  Fig. 3. (I) (L). Transverse Section.
  Fig. 4. (M) (N). Section of the Arch of the Ecce Homo.
  Fig. 5. (M) (N). View of the Arch of the Ecce Homo.

  (S'.S'). Conventional Signs.
  (a'). High Rock.
  (b'). Levelled Rock.
  (c'). Heaps of Ruins.
  (d'). Water. Cistern. Spring.
  (e'). Modern Walls.
  (f'). Walls of the City.
  (g'). Jewish Walls.
  (h'). Roman Walls.
  (i'). Walls of the Haram es-Sherîf.

  See PLATE XI.

  Fig. 1. (B) (A). Longitudinal Section of the Haram es-Sherîf.
   1. Ophel.
   2. Walls of the City.
   3. Ruined Houses.
   4. Mosque el-Aksa.
   5. Rock.
   6. Staircase leading to the vaults of the Mosque el-Aksa.
   7. Birket es-Sultan. Cistern.
   8. Water-channels.
   9. Court of the Mosque of Kubbet es-Sakharah.
  10. Kubbet es-Sakharah.
  11. Cistern for blood, formerly the cistern of the threshing-floor of
      Araunah the Jebusite.
  12. Cisterns for blood.
  13. Kiblet dedicated to the Fatma.
  14. Kiblet dedicated to the Angel Gabriel.
  15. Houses of the times of the Crusaders, of Solyman, &c.
  16. Little Sakharah.
  17. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherîf.
  18. Houses of the time of Saladin.
  19. Northern Valley.
  20. Barrack of the time of Ibrahim Pasha.
  21. Mount Bezetha.
   a. South Gate of the time of Justinian.
   b. Staircase leading into the Cistern.
   c. Fountain.
   d. Kiblet of Saladin. Invisible scales.
   e. Kiblet of Zachariah.
   f. Gallery of Herod discovered by Pierotti.

  Fig. 2. (C) (D). Transverse Section of the Haram es-Sherîf.
  22. Mount Sion.
  23. Tyropoeon Valley.
  24. Descent to Silla.
  25. Acra.
  26. Bath. Hammam es-Shefa.
  27. Spring. Hammam es-Shefa.
  28. Dome of Moses.
  15. Houses of the times of the Crusaders, of Solyman, &c.
  31. Channels.
  29. Site of Mohammed's Ascension.
  10. Kubbet es-Sakharah.
  11. Cistern for blood.
  30. Dome of the Chain--Kubbet es-Silsileh.
   9. Court of the Mosque of Kubbet es-Sakharah.
  32. Cisterns for receiving the blood and ashes.
  33. Golden Gate.
  34. Mount Moriah.
  35. Mohammedan Cemetery.
   3. Wall of Haram es-Sherîf.

  Fig. 3. (F) (G). Ancient Section.
  36. Temple, properly so called.
  37. Court of the Levites. Azarath Cohanîm.
  38. Court of the Israelites. Azarath Yisrael.
  39. Tower Antonia, by Pierotti.
  40. Remains of the Wall of the Prætorium, and position of the same.
  41. High Rock.

  Fig. 4. Section of the City.
  g. Mount Gihon.
  h. Valley of Gihon.
  i. Mount Sion.
  k. Tyropoeon Valley.
  l. Mount Acra.
  m. Large Valley.
  n. Mount Moriah.
  o. Valley of the Kidron.
  p. Mount of Olives.

  Fig. 5. Section of Mount Moriah.
  q. Ophel.
  n. Moriah.
  r. Northern Valley.
  s. Mount Bezetha.

  (S). Conventional Signs.
  (a). Rock.
  (b). Heaps of Ruins.
  (c). Walls of the early Arab period.
  (d). Distant Houses.
  (e). Ancient Walls.
  (f). Water-conduits.
  (g). Conduit for blood.

  [Illustration: PLATE XII.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XIII.

  VIEW OF THE ARCH OF THE ECCE-HOMO, WITH THE SMALLER ARCH TO THE NORTH,
  DISCOVERED BY PIEROTTI.

   1. Arch of Ecce-Homo (?) Roman arch posterior to the death of Christ.
   2. Mohammedan room, or place of prayers for the Mohammedans.
   3. Arch discovered by Pierotti.
   4. Cistern.
   5. Niche of the period of the Crusades.
   6. Convent of the Daughters of Sion.

  [Illustration: PLATE XIII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]





    PLATE XIV.

  VIEW OF THE BARRACK OF THE HARAM ES-SHERIF.

   1. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherîf.
   2. Northern corner of the Tower Antonia, according to Pierotti.
   3. Houses of the time of Saladin.
   4. Entrance to the Haram es-Sherîf.
   5. Mosque of the Little Sakharah.
   6. Levelled rock.

  [Illustration: PLATE XIV.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XV.

  REMAINS OF ANCIENT MASONRY, CALLED THE RUINS OF THE TOWER ANTONIA.

   1. Via Dolorosa.
   2. Masonry of the Jewish period.
   3. House of the period of the Crusades.
   4. Saracenic Window.
   5. Tower of the Ancient Arab period.
   6. Common Arab wall.

  [Illustration: PLATE XV.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XVI.

  VIEW OF THE POOL OF BETHESDA.

   1. Ancient Masonry of the Southern Wall of the Pool.
   2. Mouths of the Sewers coming from the West.
   3. Ancient Masonry of the Northern Wall of the Pool.
   4. Heap of Ruins and Rubbish.

  [Illustration: PLATE XVI.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XVII.

  ANCIENT JEWISH WORK IN THE NORTH-EAST OF THE HARAM WALL, NEAR
  S. MARY'S GATE.

   1. Ancient Saracenic Monument.
   2. Ancient Jewish Stone in the North-east corner of Haram es-Sherîf.
   3. The largest stones of the Herodian period.
   4. Stones of the period of Solomon.
   5. Restoration of the Wall.
   6. Recent Restoration of the Wall by the natives.
   7. Arab Wall of the time of Solomon.
   8. Modern Mohammedan Tombs.
   9. Eastern Slope of the Mount Moriah.

  [Illustration: PLATE XVII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XVIII.

  EASTERN VIEW OF THE GOLDEN GATE.

   1. Stones of the time of Solomon.
   2. Wall of the time of Sulyman.
   3. Wall of the time of Justinian.
   4. Golden Gate, closed with a native Wall.
   5. Modern Mohammedan Tombs.
   6. Inclination of Mount Moriah.

  [Illustration: PLATE XVIII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XIX.

  WESTERN VIEW OF THE GOLDEN GATE.

   1. Wall of the time of Justinian.
   2. Ornaments of Justinian.
   3. Native House.
   4. Modern native Construction.
   5. Haram es-Sherîf.

  [Illustration: PLATE XIX.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XX.

  VIEW OF THE SOUTH GATE OF THE HARAM ES-SHERIF,(BAB EL-HULDAH.)

   1. Ornaments of the time of Justinian.
   2. Inverted Inscription of Antoninus Pius.
   3. Window through which the Underground Gallery can be seen.
   4. Huldah Gate, closed.
   5. Gate of the time of the Crusaders, closed.
   6. Wall of the time of Justinian.
   7. Ophel.

  [Illustration: PLATE XX.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXI.

  WESTERN VIEW OF EL-AKSA, NEAR THE SOUTHWESTERN ANGLE.

   1. Mount of Olives.
   2. Mount Viri-Galilæi.
   3. Mosque of the Ascension of Jesus Christ.
   4. Arab Tower.
   5. Mount of Offence.
   6. Place where Jesus wept over Jerusalem.
   7. Mosque el-Aksa.
   8. Minaret of the Mogarabins.
   9. Mosque of Abu-Bekr: Wall of the period of the Crusades.
  10. Arab Ruins.
  11. The Bridge, according to Dr. Robinson.
  12. Tyropoeon Valley.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXI.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXII.

  WAILING-PLACE OF THE JEWS. A PORTION OF THE ANCIENT WALL OF THE TEMPLE
  ENCLOSURE.

This Wall is of the date of Herod the Great, and is the best specimen of
the Masonry of that period to be found in Jerusalem. The Jews come to
pray and weep before it every Friday.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXIII.

  FAÇADE OF THE MOSQUE EL-AKSA.

   1. Ancient Piers.
   2. Piers of a much later date.
   3. Steps leading to a Storehouse.
   4. Opening into the Cistern Birket es-Sultan.
   5. Haram es-Sherîf.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXIII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXIV.

  SECTION OF THE MOSQUE OF EL-AKSA, AND OF ITS SUBSTRUCTIONS.

   1. Position of the Ancient Choir, thrown down by an earthquake.
   2. Ancient Jewish Wall.
   A.}
     }
   B.} Capitals found by Pierotti.
     }
   C.}
   D. Wooden Roof of the Mosque el-Aksa.
   E. Wall of the time of Justinian.
   F. Aperture in the Wall leading to Subterranean Passage on the West.
   G. Walled-up Door.
   H. Monolith.
   L. Side-doors of the Mosque.
   M. Tombs of Aaron's Sons, according to Mohammedan traditions.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXIV.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXV.

  UNDERGROUND WORKS OF THE MOSQUE OF EL-AKSA. THE MONOLITH IN THE
  UNDERGROUND WORKS.

  Fig. 1. Underground Works.
    a. Vaulted underground Works, originally Jewish building. Restoration
       by Justinian (as shewn by Rev. G. Williams)
    b. Pillars of the time of Justinian.
    c. Wall erected by Justinian.
    f. Monolith.

  Fig. 2. Monolith.
    d. Dome vaulting of the time of Justinian.
    e. Staircase resting on the Rock.
    f. Monolith.
    g. Smaller Monolith.
    h. Rusticated Stones of the time of Herod.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXV.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.--E. Walker, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXVI.

  NORTH-EASTERN VIEW OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH, AND OF KUBBET ES-SILSILEH.

   1. Mosque Kubbet es-Sakharah.
   2. Ladder used by Pierotti for his observations.
   3. Minaret of Kadhi.
   4. Kubbet es-Silsileh, Dome of the Chain.
   5. Bâb el-Daûd, David's Gate.
   6. Cistern (the Place of the Ashes).
   7. Bâb el-Jenni, Gate of Paradise.
   8. Mount Moriah (anciently the Threshing-floor of Araunah).

  [Illustration: PLATE XXVI.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXVII.

  SECTION OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH--VIEW OF THE INTERIOR OF THE GOLDEN GATE.

  Fig. 1. Kubbet es-Sakharah.
    A. Bâb el-Kibli, Gate of Prayer.
    B. Bâb el-Jenni, Gate of Paradise.
    C. Threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
    D. Upper Chamber of the Cistern of the Threshing-floor of Araunah the
       Jebusite.
    E. Hole now covered with a stone.
    F. Lower Chamber of the Cistern of the Threshing-floor of Araunah the
       Jebusite.
    G. Water-Conduit.
    H. Conduit for Blood.

  Fig. 2. Golden Gate.
    H. Modern Arabic Construction.
    I. Marble Pillar, Monolith.
    L. Marble Pillar, Monolith.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXVII.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.--L. Cornelissen, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXVIII.

  FOUR MOSAICS IN THE INTERIOR OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH,
  AND MOSQUE EL-AKSA.

  Fig. 1. Interior of Kubbet es-Sakharah.
  Fig. 2. Interior of Mosque el-Aksa.
  Fig. 3. Interior of Mosque el-Aksa.
  Fig. 4. Interior of Kubbet es-Sakharah.
       a. Red.
       b. Yellow.
       c. Black.
       d. White.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXVIII.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXIX.

  DETAILS OF THE CAPITAL OF THE MONOLITH IN THE UNDERGROUND WORKS OF
  EL-AKSA; OF THE ORNAMENTATION OF THE GOLDEN GATE; AND OF THE SIX
  CAPITALS WHICH CROWN THE COLUMNS OF THE MOSQUES.

  Fig. 1. Ornamentation of the Golden Gate.
  Fig. 2. Capital in the Kubbet es-Sakharah.
          (a). Ornamentation in the Kubbet es-Sakharah.
  Fig. 3. Capital of the Monolith.
  Fig. 4. Capital in the Gate of Huldah.
  Fig. 5. Capital found among rubbish in the vaults in the South-eastern
          corner of the Haram es-Sherîf.
  Fig. 6. Capital in the Kubbet es-Sakharah.
  Fig. 7. Capital in the Mosque el-Aksa.
  Fig. 8. Capital found among rubbish in the vaults in the South-eastern
  corner of the Haram es-Sherîf.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXIX.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXX.

  PLAN AND SECTION OF LAND SURROUNDING THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION
  AND THE HOSPITAL OF THE KNIGHTS OF S. JOHN.

    A. Ordinary Native Houses.
    B. Greek House of the Convent of S. John.
    C. Private Greek House.
    D. Greek Convent of S. Constantine.
    E. Greek House of the Convent of S. Constantine.
    F. Greek Convent of S. Charalampes.
    G. Latin House.
    H. Prussian House.
    I. Mohammedan House.
    K. Latin House called that of the Prince.
    L. Greek Convent of S. Charalampes.
    M. Ancient House of the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre.
    N. Coptic Convent.
    O. Cistern of S. Helena belonging to the Copts.
    P. Ancient House of the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre.
    Q. Ancient Hospice of Saladin (el-Kanki).
    R. Latin Convent of the Church of the Resurrection.
    S. Terrace-roof of the Greek Convent of S. Constantine.
    T. Greek Convent of S. Abraham.
    U. Greek Houses.
    V. Land belonging to the Russian Consulate on the Site of the Church
       of S. Mary Latin.
    X. Convent of the Abyssinians.
    Y. Land of the Abyssinians.
    Z. Dome of the Church of the Resurrection.
    W. Greek Dome of the Church of the Resurrection.
    a. Dome of the Golgotha.
    b. Dome of the Chapel of S. Helena.
    c. Ruins of the Church of S. Mary the Great.
    d. Land formerly belonging to the Convent of S. Mary the Great.
    e. Ancient Bazaar.
    f. Corn Market.
    g. Ancient Bazaar of the Street of David.
    h. Greek Convent of S. John Baptist.
    l. Lesser Mosque of Omar. Ancient Jewish Walls.
    m. Minaret of Omar.
    n. Greek Convent dependent on the Church of Gethsemane.
    o. Vestibule of the Church of the Resurrection.
    p. Ground anciently belonging to the Knights of S. John.
    q. Land formerly belonging to the Convent of S. Mary the Great.
    p. q. Greek Chapels.
    r. Tower of the Church of the Resurrection.
    s. Armenian Chapel of S. John.
    t. Coptic Chapel.
    u. Greek Chapel of Melchizedek.
    v. Greek Chapel.
    1. Street to Jaffa Gate.
    2. Street of Mount Sion.
    3. Christian Bazaar.
    4. Street of Coptic Hospice.
    5. Street of Greek Convent of S. Constantine.
    6. Street of Latin Convent of S. Saviour.
    7. Street to the North.
    8. Street to Residence of the Spanish Consul.
    9. Greek Convent of S. Charalampes, where Jesus met the Daughters of
       Jerusalem.
   10. Gate of Judgement, with an ancient pillar: second Fall of Jesus.
   11. Street to Damascus Gate.
   12. Via Dolorosa.
   13. Street to Hospital of S. Helena.
   14.}
   15.} Street of Tyropoeon Valley.
   16. Street from Damascus Gate to Bazaar.
   17.}
   18.} Covered Bazaar.
   19. Street of David.
   20. Street to Sion Gate.
   21. Arches.
   22. Street to Church of the Resurrection.
   23. Sewer of Amygdalon.
   24. Sewer of English Church
  (S). Conventional Signs.
  (a). Ancient Jewish Walls.
  (b). Hezekiah's Wall according to Pierotti.
  (c). Second Wall of the time of Solomon according to Pierotti.
  (d). Walls of the time of Amalfi Merchants.
  (e). Walls of the time of S. Helena, of the Crusaders, and of Saladin.
  (f). Modern Arab Walls.
  (g). Place covered by Ruins and Earth.
  (h). Rock.
  (i). Sewers.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXX.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXXI.

  VIEW OF THE POOL AMYGDALON, AND OF THE DOMES
  OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION.

   1. Dome of the Church of the Resurrection.
   2. Places from which the lead has been stripped, on the side of the
      Greek property.
   3. Dome of the Greek Chapel.
   4. Tower of the Church of the Resurrection.
   5. Minaret of the Hospice of Saladin.
   6. Minaret of Omar.
   7. Terrace-roof of the Greek Convent of S. Constantine.
   8. Greek Convent, by whose members the Church of Gethsemane is served.
   9. Hospice of the Copts.
  10. Pool Amygdalon.
  11. Hospice of Saladin.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXXI.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXXII.

  FRONT OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION.

   1. Dome of the Greek Chapel.
   2. Chapel of the Agony.
   3. Entrance to the Chapel of S. Mary of Egypt.
   4. Staircase of the Chapel of the Agony.
   5. Doors of the Church of the Resurrection.
   6. Greek Chapel of the Forty Martyrs.
   7. Greek Convent of S. Abraham.
   8. Greek Terrace-roof.
   9. Dome of the Calvary.
  10. Greek Convent of S. Constantine.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXXII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXXIII.

   GATE OF THE ENTRANCE-DOOR TO THE CHURCH
   OF THE RESURRECTION.

   1. Vestibule of the Church of the Resurrection.
   2. Closed Door of the Church.
   3. Entrance of the Church.
   4.} Byzantine ornamentation incorporated in the Door
     } at the time of the Crusades.
   5.}

  [Illustration: PLATE XXXIII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXXIV.

  PLAN OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION WITH ITS LEVELS, AND SECTION OF
  THE HOLY SEPULCHRE--PLAN AND SECTION OF THE TOMB IN ITS ANCIENT AND IN
  ITS PRESENT STATE.

  Fig. 1. Plan of the Church of the Resurrection.

   A. Vestibule of the Church.
   B. Greek Convent of S. Abraham.
   E. Greek Convent of S. Constantine.
   F. Hospice of Saladin (el-Kanki).
   G. Coptic Convent.
   H. Land of the Russian Consulate.
   I. Convent and Court of the Abyssinians.
   1. S. James's Chapel.
   2. Chapel of the Resurrection.
   3. Chapel of the Forty Martyrs.
   4. Entrance to the Chapel of S. Mary Egypt.
   5. Chapel of the Agony.
   6. Closed Door of the Church.
   7. Entrance of the Church.
   8. Divan of the Turks.
   9. The Stone of Unction.
  10. Where the three Marys stood at the Crucifixion.
  11. A Staircase leading to the Armenian Chapel.
  12. Chambers belonging to different Communions.
  13. Monument of the Holy Sepulchre.
  14. Chapel of the Angel.
  44. Openings where the Fire is given out on Easter Eve.
  15. Holy Sepulchre.
  16. Abyssinian Chapel.
  17. Syrian Chapel.
  18. Tombs of Joseph of Arimathæa[Arimathea] and Nicodemus.
  19. Latin Convent.
  20. Latin Chapel.
  21. Altar with a fragment of the Column of the Flagellation.
   D. Latin Organ.
   C. Greek Passage.
  22. Where Christ appeared to S. Mary Magdalene.
  23. Common Court.
  24. Christ's Prison.
  25. Longinus' Chapel.
  26. Chapel of the Division of the Garments.
  27. S. Helena's Chapel.
  28. Road traversed by Our Lord on His way to Calvary.
  29. Chapel of the Invention of the Cross.
  30. Chapel of the Crowning with Thorns.
  31. Staircase of the Greeks.
  32. Where Mary withdrew after her Son's death.
  33. Where the Hole of the Cross is said to be.
  34. Fissure made at the Death of Christ.
  35. Altar of the dolorous Mary.
  36. The Place where Christ was Crucified.
  37. Staircase of the Latins.
  38. Entrance of Adam's Chapel.
  39. Greek Chapel.
  40. The Centre of the Church of the Resurrection.
  41. Throne of the Greek Bishop.
  42. Throne of the Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem.
  43. Sanctum Sanctorum of the Greeks.
   I.   }
  II.   }
  III.  }
  IV.   }
   V.   }
  VI.   } Stations of the Evening Procession
  VII.  } of the Latins.
  VIII. }
  IX.   }
   X.   }
  XI.   }
  XII.  }

  Fig. 2. Levels in the Interior of the Church of the Resurrection.

   a. Upper Level of the Southern Road of the Church.
   b. Upper Levels of the Vestibule of the Church.
   c. Chapel of the Agony.
   d. The Place where the Hole of the Cross is said to be.
   e. The Place where Christ was Crucified.
   g. Latin Chapel.
   h. Longinus' Chapel.
   i. Greek Chapel.
   k. Interior of Christ's Tomb.
   m. Christ's Prison.
   p. Tombs of Joseph of Arimathæa and Nicodemus
   o. p. Level of the Church within the large Dome.
   r. Lower Level of the Tomb of Joseph of Arimathæa and Nicodemus.
   s. Chapel of the Invention of the Cross.

  Fig. 3. Section of Christ's Tomb.

  44. Openings where the Fire is given out on the Easter Eve.
  45. Staircase leading to the roof of the Monument of the Holy
      Sepulchre.
  46. Where the Angel stood at the Resurrection.
  47. Door of the Holy Sepulchre.
  48. Armenian Picture.
  49. Greek Picture.
  50. Latin Picture.
  51. The Place from which Christ is supposed to have Risen from the
      Tomb.
  52. The Place where the Angel is supposed to have descended.

  Fig. 4. Ancient Holy Sepulchre.

   o. q. Longitudinal Section.
   m. n. s. (o).    Portion destroyed by Hakem.
   n. s. r. (q). q. Portion destroyed by Constantine.
  (o). o. s.        Portion existing at present.

  (S). Conventional Signs.

  (a). Walls of the time of Constantine.
  (b). Walls of the time of the Crusaders.
  (c). Ordinary Walls of the Arabs.
  (d). Low Walls.
  (e). Rock.
  (f). Section of Rock.
  (g). The Path traversed by Our Lord to Calvary, and of the Procession
       of the Latins.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXXIV.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXXV.

  INTERIOR VIEWS OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION, Viz. GREAT DOME,
  CALVARY, GREEK CHAPEL, CHAPEL OF S. HELENA.

  Fig. 1. Monument of the Holy Sepulchre.

   1. Large Dome of the Church.
   2. Monument of the Holy Sepulchre.
   3. Awning.
   4. Chambers of the different Communions.
   5. Greek Gallery.
   6. Latin Gallery.
   7. Window (closed), formerly looking on to the Mohammedan
      terrace-roof.
   8. Greek Gallery.
   9. The place through which Christ is said to have passed on rising
      from the tomb.

   Fig. 2. Chapel of Calvary.

  10. The place where Christ was Crucified.
  11. Altar of the Agony of the Virgin Mary.
  12. Fissure rent by the earthquake at the death of Christ.
  13. Hole in which the Cross is said to have been fixed.
  14. Where Mary withdrew after her Son's death.

   Fig. 3. Greek Chapel.

  15. Iconostasis of the Greeks.
  16. Throne for the Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem.
  17. Throne for the Greek Bishop.
  18. The Centre of the Church of the Resurrection.

  Fig. 4. S. Helena's Chapel.

  19. Road followed by our Lord on his way to Calvary.
  20. Armenian Altar.
  21. Window of S. Helena.
  22. Chapel of the Invention of the Cross.
  23. Dome of the time of the Crusaders.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXXV.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXXVI.

  DETAILS OF SEVEN CAPITALS IN AND NEAR THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION.

  Fig. 1. }
          } In S. Helena's Chapel.
  Fig. 2. }
  Fig. 3. On the North of the Greek Chapel.
  Fig. 4. At the North end of the Christian Bazaar, on the West of the
          Church of the Resurrection.
  Fig. 5. On the South of the Greek Chapel.
  Fig. 6. In the Tower.
  Fig. 7. On the North of the Greek Chapel.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXXVI]
  E. Pierotti, Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXXVII.

  ENTRANCE TO THE HOSPITAL OF S. JOHN.

   1. Arch of the time of the Knights of S. John.
   2. Ruins of the Church of S. Mary the Great.
   3. Ancient Window of the Church of S. Mary the Great.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXXVII.
   E. Pierotti, Photo & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
   Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
   Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXXVIII.

  RUINS OF THE CHURCH OF S. MARY THE GREAT.

   1. One of the Choirs of the Church of S. Mary.
   2. Door of the Ancient Vestry.
   3. Staircase leading to the Convent.
   4. Convent of S. Mary the Great.
   5. Entrances to the Interior Court.
   6. Ancient Site of the Church of S. Mary the Great.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXXVIII.
   E. Pierotti, Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
   Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
   Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XXXIX.

  PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE ARMENIAN CHURCH OF S. JAMES, AND MOSAICS.

   1. Portico.
   2. Church of S. James.
   3. Altars.
   4. Throne for the Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem.
   5. Door of the Chapel of S. Stephen.
   6. Altar of the Latins for the Commemoration of the Feast of S. James.
   7. Site of the Martyrdom of S. James.
   8. Door of the Treasury.
   9. Tomb of the Armenian Patriarch Magar.
  10. Altar.
  11. Passage of the Gallery.
  12. Throne for the Armenian Patriarch Magar.
  13. Iron Barrier.
  14. Treasury.
  15. Chapel of S. Stephen.
  16. Passages to the Armenian Convent.
  17. Chapel of S. Miazim.
  18. Ancient Stones.
  19. Staircase of the Gallery.
  20. Entrance to the Chapel of S. Miazim.
   C. Ancient Mosaics.
   D. Modern Mosaics.

  (S. C.) Conventional Signs.

   a. Ancient Wall.
   b. Less ancient Wall.
   c. Modern Wall.
   d. Less modern Wall.
   e. The Black colour in the Mosaics.
   f. The Red colour.
   g. The Yellow colour.

  [Illustration: PLATE XXXIX.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XL.

  VIEW OF THE CHURCH OF S. ANN.
   PROPERTY OF FRANCE.

   1. Principal Entrance to the Church.
   2. Remains of Minaret.
   3. Closed Door.
   4. Lateral Entrance.
   5. Closed Door.
   6. Ancient Window.
   7. Land, the property of the Church.
   8. Ruins of the Convent of the Sisters of S. Benedict.
   9. Continuation of Land the property of the Church.
  10. Dome of the Church.

  [Illustration: PLATE XL.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--E. Walker, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XLI.

  PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE FRENCH CHURCH OF S. ANN.

   1. Staircase to the Minaret.
   2. Staircase to the Subterranean Church.
   3. Traditional site of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary.
   4. Places of Prayer for the Mohammedans.
   a. Stone Staircase.
   b. Opening commanding a view of the Subterranean Church.
   c. Small Opening.
   d. Principal Entrance to the Church.
   e. Ancient Cistern.

  [Illustration: PLATE XLI.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XLII.

  INTERIOR OF THE CHURCH OF S. ANN, AND FOUR DETAILS OF ORNAMENTATION.

   1. Interior of the Church of S. Ann.
   2. Modern Wall.
   3. Ornamentation of the Principal Front of the Church.
   4. Ornamentation of the Principal Entrance.
   5. Ornamentation of Window in the Principal Front.
   6. Capital in the Interior of the Church.

  [Illustration: PLATE XLII.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XLIII.

  TWO DOORS IN THE TEKHIYEH EL-KHASSEKI-SULTANE, COMMONLY CALLED THE
  HOSPITAL OF S. HELENA.

    Two Doors situated in the Northern Front.
  Fig. 1. Eastern Door.
  Fig. 2. Western Door.
    The Mosaics are of different colours.

  [Illustration: PLATE XLIII.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.--A. Newman, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XLIV.

  ANCIENT GATE OF SARACENIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE DESCENT OF SILLA, AND A
  VIEW OF A FOUNTAIN IN THE TYROPOEON VALLEY.

  Fig. 1. Saracenic Gate.
  Fig. 2. Fountain in the Tyropoeon Valley.

  [Illustration: PLATE XLIV.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.--A. Newman, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XLV.

  VIEW OF THE COENACULUM, AND OF THE SO-CALLED TOMB OF DAVID.

   1. Principal Entrance.
   2. Mohammedan Houses.
   3. Coenaculum.
   4. Dome of the Tomb of David.
   5. Modern Mohammedan Houses.
   6. Christian Cemetery.

  [Illustration: PLATE XLV.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XLVI.

  PLAN AND SECTION OF THE COENACULUM; OF THE SO-CALLED TOMB OF DAVID;
  AND OF THE UNDERGROUND WORKS OF MOUNT SION.

   1. Staircase leading to the Upper Court.
   2. Upper Court.
   3. Mohammedan Chambers.
   4. Lower Court.
   5. Passage to the Tomb of David.
   6. Mohammedan Chapel, dedicated to the Tomb of David.
   7. Representation of the Sarcophagus of David.
   8. Coenaculum.
   9. Staircase leading to the Tomb of David.
  10. Place of the Mohammedan Priest.
  11. Staircase leading to upper Chambers.
  12. Chambers.
  13. Underground Works of Mount Sion, in front of the Tomb of David.
  14. Subterranean Passage covered with stone and earth.
  15. Staircase leading to underground Works.

     S. Conventional Signs.

     a. Ancient Wall.
     b. Wall of the time of S. Helena, or of the Crusaders.
     c. Modern Arab Wall.
     d. Rock.
     e. Place covered with earth.
     f. Christian Tombs.
     g. Underground Works.

  [Illustration: PLATE XLVI.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XLVII.

  PLAN AND SECTION OF THE TOMBS OF ACELDAMA.

  Fig. 1. Ancient Tombs.
  Fig. 2. Tomb of S. Onuphrius.
    1. Cultivated land.
    2. Ancient Walls.
    3. Tombs.
    5. Tombs.

  [Illustration: PLATE XLVII.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XLVIII.

  SOUTH-EASTERN EXTREMITY OF THE VALLEY OF SILOAM.

   1. City of Mount Sion.
   2. Mount Sion.
   3. Mosque el-Aksa.
   4. Ophel.
   5. Valley of Hinnom.
   6. Mount of Offence.
   7. Valley of the Kidron.
   8. Cave.
   9. Ancient Arab Building.
  10. Bir-Eyub. En-Rogel.
  11. Kidron.
  12. Walls and Ruins.

  [Illustration: PLATE XLVIII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE XLIX.

  VIEW OF THE VALLEY OF JEHOSHAPHAT.

   1. Mount Moriah.
   2. Valley of Jehoshaphat.
   3. Mount Scopus.
   4. Tomb of Absalom.
   5. Tomb of S. James.
   6. Tomb of Zacharias.
   7. Ruined Tomb.
   8. Cave. Ancient Tomb.
   9. Jewish Cemetery.
  10. Arab House.
  11. Mount of Olives.
  12. Mount of Offence.
  13. Road to Siloam.
  14. Road to the Kidron.

  [Illustration: PLATE XLIX.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE L.

  FRONT OF THE TOMB OF THE VIRGIN MARY.

  Principal Entrance of the time of the Crusaders.

  [Illustration: PLATE L.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LI.

  PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMB OF THE VIRGIN MARY, AND OF THE CAVE OF
  THE AGONY.

  Fig. 1. Plan of the Tomb of the Virgin Mary, and of the Cave of the
          Agony.
       1. Bridge over the Kidron.
       2. Vestibule of the Church.
       3. Closed Doors.
       4. Armenian Vestry.
       5. S. Joseph's tomb.? (Armenian.)
       6. S. Ann's Tomb.? (Greek.)
       7. S. Joachim's Tomb.? (Greek.)
       8. Greek Altar of S. Nicholas.
       9. Altar of the Copts.
      10. Cistern. (Armenian, Greek.)
      11. Greek Vestry
      12. Greek Altar of S. Stephen.
      13. Syrian Altar.
      14. Armenian Altar.
      15. Tomb of the Virgin Mary.?
      16.} Places of Prayer for the Mohammedans.
      17.}
      18. Greek Altar dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
      19. Greek Altar.
      20. Cave of the Agony.
      21. Latin Altar.
      22. Site of the Agony.
      23.} Latin Altars.
      24.}
      25. Opening in the Rock above.

  Fig. 2. Longitudinal Section.

  Fig. 3. Oblique Section.

  Fig. 4. Section of the Cave of the Agony.

    (S). Conventional Signs.
      a. Ancient Walls.
      b. Modern Walls.
      c. Rock.
      d. Place covered with Ruins and Earth.
      e. Cultivated Land.

  [Illustration: PLATE LI.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt..
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LII.

  MOUNT OF OLIVES AND THE GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE.

   1. Mount of Olives.
   2. Mount Viri-Galilæi[Galilei].
   3. Site of the Ascension of Jesus.
   4. Minaret.
   5. Arab Tower.
   6. Arab Tower.
   7. Place where Judas betrayed Jesus.
   8. Gethsemane.
   9. Tomb of the Virgin Mary.
  10. Valley of the Kidron.

  [Illustration: PLATE LII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LIII.

  PLAN AND SECTION OF MOSQUE SITUATED ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES, AND
  DETAILS OF FIVE CAPITALS.

  Fig. 1. Plan of Mosque.

  Fig. 2. Section of Mosque.
   1. Mosque. Chapel of the Ascension.
   2. Site of the Ascension of Jesus.
   3. Place of Prayer.
   4. Greek Altar.
   5. Syrian Altar.
   6. Coptic Altar.
   7. Armenian Altar.
   8. Remains of an ancient Column.
   9. Little Pool and Cistern.
  10. Cistern.
  11. Capitals.
  12. Columns in the exterior of the Mosque.
  13. Pavement.
  14. Stone.
   c. Ancient perimeter of the Basilica.

  Conventional Signs.
   a. Place covered with earth.
   b. Ruins.
   c. Cistern.
   d. Ancient Walls.

  [Illustration: PLATE LIII.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LIV.

  PLAN AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE PROPHETS SITUATED IN THE MOUNT
  OF OLIVES.--VIEW, PLAN, AND SECTION OF THE TOMB OF LAZARUS AT BETHANY.

  Fig. 1. Tombs of the Prophets.?
   1. Entrance.
   2. Opening in the Rock above.
   3. Places covered with earth.
   4. Incomplete excavations in the Rock.
   5. Ancient Walls.
   6. Rock.
   7. Tombs.

  Fig. 2. Plan and Section of the Tomb of Lazarus.
   1. Entrance.
   2. Tomb of Lazarus.
   3. Ancient Chapel of the times of the Crusaders.
   4. Place covered with ruins and earth.
   5. Mosque of Bethany.
   6. Rock.
   7. Road to Jericho.
   8. Arab Houses.

  Fig. 3. View of the Tomb of Lazarus.

  [Illustration: PLATE LIV.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LV.

  VIEW OF THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS.

  The Description given in the Text.

  [Illustration: PLATE LV.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LVI.

  PLAN AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS, AND OF OTHER TOMBS; THAT
  OF JEHOSHAPHAT, AND ONE LIKE THAT OF OUR LORD.

  Fig. 1. Plan of the Tombs of the Kings.
   a. b.  Entrance of Vestibule.
      c.  Entrance.
   x. y.  Groove in which the chain worked to move the stone closing the
          entrance,
      x.  Place where the end of the chain was drawn out in order to raise
          the stone
      y. } Position of the stone when the entrance was closed.
      u. }

  Fig. 2. Inner stone door.
       n. Stone support of the door.

  Fig. 3. The stone used in closing the entrance of the Tomb, with the
          grooves in which it and the chain worked.

  Fig. 4. Sketch of the Plan of the Tomb of Jehoshaphat.

  Fig. 5. Tomb, like that of our Lord, situated on the South of
          Jerusalem.
    u. y. Position of the stone when the entrance was closed.

  [Illustration: PLATE LVI.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LVII.

  ANCIENT JEWISH SYNAGOGUE IN THE VALLEY OF THE KIDRON, TOWARDS THE
  NORTH.

  1. Prominent parts of each side of the Synagogue.

  2. Ruins.

  3. Mass of rock on which the Rabbins used to read Prayers.

  [Illustration: PLATE LVII.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.--E. Walker, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LVIII.

  VIEW OF THE TOMBS OF THE JUDGES, AND OF OTHER TOMBS TO THE NORTH OF
  JERUSALEM.

  Fig. 1. Tombs of the Judges.
       a. Entrance.

  Fig. 2. Cover of a Sarcophagus, from the Tombs of the Kings.

  Fig. 3. Ornaments on the two sides.
       b. } Corresponding parts of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
       c. }

  Fig. 4. Single Ornaments of the Cover of the Sarcophagus.
       a. e. f. Corresponding parts of Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.

  Fig. 5. View of a Tomb situated near Jerusalem on the North-West.

  Fig. 6. General idea of the Tombs of Samuel at Ramah and of Rachel at
          Ephrata.

  Fig. 7. Plan and Section of a Tomb situated on the North of Jerusalem,
          near the Tombs of the Kings.

  [Illustration: PLATE LVIII.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LIX.

  PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE JUDGES, AND OF THE OTHER TOMBS.

  Fig. 1. Longitudinal Section of the Tombs.

   1. Vestibule.
   2. Entrance.
   3. Subterranean Chamber, in which may be seen Sepulchres in an
      unfinished state.

  Fig. 2. Transverse Section.

  Fig. 3. Plan of the Tombs.
   a. First entrance Chamber.
   M. Passage leading into the other Sepulchral Chambers.
   N. Staircase leading into the Subterranean Chamber.

  Fig. 4. Tomb situated on the North of Jerusalem, in the opening of the
          Valley of Kidron.
    a. b. Water-conduit hewn in the Rocks.

  Fig. 5. Plan of the Tomb situated on the North-West of Jerusalem (for
  the Façade of which see Plate LVIII. Fig. 5).

  Fig. 6. Tomb situated on the North-West of Jerusalem near the Tombs of
  the Judges.

  [Illustration: PLATE LIX.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LX.

  PLAN AND SECTION OF S. PELAGIA'S TOMB ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES.--DETAILS
  OF SEPULCHRES IN THE VALLEY OF JEHOSHAPHAT, AND OF SOME OTHERS IN THE
  NEIGHBOURHOOD OF JERUSALEM.

  Fig. 1. Plan of S. Pelagia's Tomb.
       1. Room built at the time of the Crusades.
       2. Tomb of S. Pelagia.
       3. Ancient Jewish Tomb, the retreat of S. Pelagia.

  Fig. 2. Section of S. Pelagia's Tomb.

  Fig. 3. Tomb of Absalom.

  Fig. 4. Tomb of S. James.
       4. Opening corresponding with a Sepulchral Chamber.
       5. Opening into which both the Jews and the Arabs used to throw
          stones, in order to indicate their hatred of the wicked son
          Absalom.
       6. Tomb of Jehoshaphat.

  Fig. 5. Tomb of Zacharias.
       7. Jewish Tomb.

  Fig. 6. An entrance door into the Tomb of Aceldama (for the Plan of
          which see Plate XLVII.).
     (a). Broken ornaments.
       n. Cultivated land.
       8. Rock.

  Fig. 7. Another entrance into the Tomb of Aceldama.

  Fig. 8. Ornaments of the Tomb of S. Onuphrius (for the Plan of which
          see Plate XLVII.).
       9. Heaps of earth.

  [Illustration: PLATE LX.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LXI.

  DETAILS RELATING TO THE TOMBS.

  Fig. 1. Details of the Tomb of Absalom.
    a. b. Monolithic portion of the Monument.
    c. d. Portion formed of Masonry.

  Fig. 2. A Capital of the Tomb of Absalom.

  Fig. 3. A Capital of the Tomb of Zacharias.

  Fig. 4. A Capital of the corner-pillar of the Tomb of Zacharias.

  Fig. 5. Monolith of Siloam.

  Fig. 6. Ornaments of the Tombs of the Kings.

  [Illustration: PLATE LXI.
  E. Pierotti, Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LXII.

  POOL OF MAMILLAH, OR SERPENTS' POOL (ACCORDING TO JOSEPHUS), NEAR THE
  MONUMENT OF HEROD ON THE WEST OF THE CITY.

   1. Mount Gihon, position of the buildings of the Prussian Mission.
   2. Corner of the North-Western Wall of Jerusalem.
   3. Wall of Jerusalem.
   4. Mount of Olives.
   5. Road to the Convent of the Holy Cross.
   6. Ancient Mohammedan Cemetery.
   7. Ancient Saracenic Monument.
   8. Pool of Mamillah; "the Upper Pool."

  [Illustration: PLATE LXII.
  E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--E. Walker, Lith.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




    PLATE LXIII.

  PLAN AND SECTION OF THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY CROSS TO THE WEST OF
  JERUSALEM, AND DETAILS OF THE MOSAICS.

  Fig. 1. Plan of the Church.
   1. Vestibule.
   2. Mosaic pavement stained (with blood?).
   3. Mosaics (details given in Fig. 3).
   4. Throne for the Greek Bishop.
   5. Iconostasis.
   6. Greek Altar.
   7. Choir.
   8. Passage leading to the Sanctuary.
   9. The place from which the Tree for the Cross of Jesus Christ was
      taken.?

  Fig. 2. Longitudinal Section of the Church.

  Fig. 3. Details of Mosaics.

  (S.C.) Conventional Signs.
      a. Ancient Wall.
      b. Wall of later times.
      c. Small Walls.
      d. Mosaics.
      e. Things made of Wood.
      f. White colour.
      g. Brown.
      h. Black.
      i. Yellow.
      k. Red.
      m. Pale Yellow.

  [Illustration: PLATE LXIII.
  E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.
  Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy.
  Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.]




TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:

Missing punctuation added to lists and Table of Contents.

Missing spaces added between words, where appropriate.

Figure numbers in Roman numerals were changed to Arabic numbers for
consistency. Items in some descriptions of Plates are out of order and were
retained as printed.

Table of Contents was moved before the description of Plate I to keep
all the plates and their descriptors in order.

Description of Plate II: 'of' changed to 'at' ...(Beginning at the
West.)..., and 'Brdge' changed to 'Bridge' in item w.

Description of Plate III: duplicate word 'and' was removed from item 32.

Description of Plate IV: changed 'Psephiuns' to 'Psephinus' and
'Mohammedam' to 'Mohammedan.' Item '((j)). Subterranean passages' is
mis-identified as a duplicate ((h)) both on Plate IV and the
description of Plate IV.

Descriptions of Plates VIII and IX: numbers were changed from Roman to
Arabic to match the plates, and for consistency with remainder of the
book.

Description of Plate XII: changed 'Mahommedan' to 'Mohammedan.'
Removed carat over 'I' in HARAM ES-SHERIF, for consistency with
remaining capitalized text of the word. (Lower case versions contain
the carat, and were unchanged.)

Moved Illustration of Plate XXX so that it follows the description of
the plate, for consistency with the remainder of the book.

Punctuation and text of the illustration attribution credits were
standardized.