Produced by David Widger








THE CYNIC'S WORD BOOK

By Ambrose Bierce

1906





CONTENTS

PREFACE

A

B

C

D

E

F

Q

H

I

J

K

L









PREFACE

With reference to certain actual and possible questions of priority and
originality, it may be explained that this Word Book was begun in the
San Francisco "Wasp" in the year 1881, and has been continued, in a
desultory way, in several journals and periodicals. As it was no part of
the author's purpose to define all the words in the language, or even to
make a complete alphabetical series, the stopping-place of the book
was determined by considerations of bulk. In the event of this volume
proving acceptable to that part of the reading public to which in
humility it is addressed--enlightened souls who prefer dry wines to
sweet, sense to sentiment, good English to slang, and wit to humor--there
may possibly be another if the author be spared for the compiling.

A conspicuous, and it is hoped not unpleasing, feature of the book is
its abundant illustrative quotations from eminent poets, chief of whom
is that learned and ingenious cleric, Father Gassalasca Jape, S. J.,
whose lines bear his initials. To Father Jape's kindly encouragement and
assistance the author of the prose text is greatly indebted.

A. B.

Washington, D. C.,

May, 1906




THE CYNIC'S WORD BOOK




A

ABASEMENT, n. A decent and customary mental attitude in the presence of
wealth or power. Peculiarly appropriate in an employé when addressing an
employer.

ABATIS, n. Rubbish in front of a fort, to prevent the rubbish outside
from molesting the rubbish inside.

ABDICATION, n. An act whereby a sovereign attests his sense of the high
temperature of the throne.


     Poor Isabella's dead, whose abdication
     Set all tongues wagging in the Spanish nation.
     For that performance 'twere unfair to scold her:
     She wisely left a throne too hot to hold her.
     To History she 'll be no royal riddle--
     Merely a plain parched pea that jumped the griddle.

ABDOMEN, n. The temple of the god Stomach, in whose worship, with
sacrificial rights, all true men engage. From women this ancient faith
commands but a stammering assent. They sometimes minister at the altar
in a half-hearted and inefficient way, but true reverence for the one
deity that men really adore they know not. If woman had a free hand in
the world's marketing the race would become graminivorous.

ABILITY, n. The natural equipment to accomplish some small part of the
meaner ambitions distinguishing able men from dead ones. In the last
analysis ability is commonly found to consist mainly in a high degree
of solemnity. Perhaps, however, this impressive quality is rightly
appraised; it is no easy task to be solemn.

ABNORMAL, adj. Not conforming to standard. In matters of thought and
conduct, to be independent is to be abnormal, to be abnormal is to
be detested. Wherefore the lexicographer adviseth a striving toward a
straiter resemblance to the Average Man than he hath to himself. Who so
attaineth thereto shall have peace, the prospect of death and the hope
of Hades.

ABORIGINES, Persons of little worth found cumbering the soil of a newly
discovered country. They soon cease to cumber; they fertilize.

ABRACADABRA.


     By Abracadabra we signify
     An infinite number of things.
     'T is the answer to What? and How? and Why?
     And Whence? and Whither?--a word whereby
     The Truth (with the comfort it brings)
     Is open to all who grope in night,
     Crying for Wisdom's holy light.

     Whether the word is a verb or a noun
     Is knowledge beyond my reach.
     I only know that't is handed down
     From sage to sage,
     From age to age--
     An immortal part of speech!

     Of an ancient man the tale is told
     That he lived to be ten centuries old,
     In a cave on a mountain side.
     (True, he finally died.)
     The fame of his wisdom filled the land,
     For his head was bald and you 'll understand
     His beard was long and white
     And his eyes uncommonly bright.

     Philosophers gathered from far and near
     To sit at his feet and hear and hear,
     Though he never was heard
     To utter a word
     But "Abracadabra, abracadab,
     Abracada, abracad.
     Abraca, abrac, ahra, ab!"
     'T was all he had,
     'T was all they wanted to hear, for each
     Made copious notes of the mystical speech
     Which they published next--
     A trickle of text
     In a meadow of commentary.
     Mighty big books were these,
     In number, as leaves of trees;
     In learning, remarkable--very!

     He 's dead,
     As I said,
     And the books of the sages have perished,
     But his wisdom is sacredly cherished.
     In "<i>Abracadabra</i>" it solemnly rings,
     Like an ancient bell that forever swings.
     Oh, I love to hear
     That word make clear
     Humanity's General Sense of Things.

     Jamrach Holobom.

ABRIDGE, v. t. To shorten.

"When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for a people
to abridge their king, a decent respect for the opinions of mankind
requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the
separation."--Oliver Cromwell.

ABRUPT, adj. Sudden, without ceremony, like the arrival of a cannonshot
and the departure of the soldier whose interests are most affected by
it. Dr. Samuel Johnson beautifully said of another author's ideas that
they were "concatenated without abruption."

ABSCOND, v. i. To "move" in a mysterious way, commonly with the property
of another.


     Spring beckons! All things to the call respond;
     The trees are leaving and cashiers abscond.

     Phela Orm.

ABSENT, adj. Peculiarly exposed to the tooth of detraction; vilified;
hopelessly in the wrong; superseded in the consideration and affection
of another.


     To men a man is but a mind. Who cares
     What face he carries or what form he wears?
     But woman's body is the woman. Oh,
     Stay thou, my sweetheart, and do never go.
     But heed the warning words the sage hath said:
     A woman absent is a woman dead.

     Jogo Tyree.

ABSENTEE, n. A person with an income who has had the forethought to
remove himself from the sphere of exaction.

ABSOLUTE, adj. Independent, irresponsible. An absolute monarchy is one
in which the sovereign does as he pleases so long as he pleases the
assassins. Not many absolute monarchies are left, most of them having
been replaced by limited monarchies, where the sovereigns' power for
evil (and for good) is greatly curtailed, and by republics, which are
governed by chance.

ABSTAINER, n. A weak person who yields to the temptation of denying
himself a pleasure. A Total Abstainer is one who abstains from
everything, but abstention, and especially from inactivity in the
affairs of others.


     Said a man to a crapulent youth: "I thought
     You a total abstainer, my son."
     "So I am, so I am," said the scapegrace caught--
     "But not, sir, a bigoted one."

     G. J.

ABSURDITY, n. A statement or belief manifestly inconsistent with one's
own opinion.

ACADEME, n. An ancient school where morality and philosophy were taught.

ACADEMY, n. [from Academe]. A modern school where football is taught.

ACCIDENT, n. An inevitable occurrence due to the action of immutable
natural laws.

ACCOMPLICE, n. One associated with another in a crime, having guilty
knowledge and complicity, as an attorney who defends a criminal, knowing
him guilty. This view of the attorney's position in the matter has not
hitherto commanded the assent of attorneys, no one having offered them a
fee for assenting.

ACCORD, n. Harmony.

ACCORDION, n. An instrument in harmony with the sentiments of an
assassin.

ACCOUNTABILITY, n. The mother of caution.


     "My accountability, bear in mind,"
     Said the Grand Vizier: "Yes, yes."

     Said the Shah: "I do--'t is the only kind
     Of ability you possess."

ACCUSE, v. t. To affirm another's guilt or unworth; most commonly as a
justification of ourselves for having wronged him.

ACEPHALOUS, adj. In the surprising condition of the Crusader who
absently pulled at his forelock some hours after a Saracen scimitar had,
unconsciously to him, passed through his neck, as related by the Prince
de Joinville.

ACHIEVEMENT, n. The death of endeavor and the birth of disgust.

ACKNOWLEDGE, v. t. To confess. To acknowledge one another's faults is
the highest duty imposed by our love of truth.

Joram Tate.

ACQUAINTANCE, n. A person whom we know well enough to borrow from, but
not well enough to lend to. A degree of friendship called slight when
its object is poor or obscure, and "intimate" when he is rich or famous.

ACTUALLY, adv. Perhaps; possibly.

ADAGE, n. Boned wisdom for weak teeth.

ADAMANT, n. A mineral frequently found beneath a corset. Soluble in
solicitate of gold.

ADDER, n. A species of snake. So called from its habit of adding funeral
outlays to the other expenses of living.

ADHERENT, n. A follower who has not yet obtained all that he expects to
get.

ADMINISTRATION, n. An ingenious abstraction in politics, designed to
receive the kicks and cuffs due to the premier or president. A man of
straw, proof against bad-egging and dead-catting.

ADMIRABILITY, n. My kind of ability, as distinguished from your kind of
ability.

ADMIRAL, n. That part of a war-ship which does the talking while the
figure-head does the thinking.

ADMIRATION, n. Our polite recognition of another's resemblance to
ourselves.

ADMONITION, n. Gentle reproof, as with a meat-axe. Friendly warning.


     Consigned, by way of admonition,
     His soul forever to perdition.

     Judibras.

ADORE, v. t. To venerate expectantly.

ADVICE, n. The smallest current coin.


     "The man was in such deep distress,"
     Said Tom, "that I could do no less
     Than give him good advice." Said Jim:
     "If less could have been done for him
     I know you well enough, my son,
     To know that's what you would have done."

     Je bel Jocordy,

AFFIANCED, pp. Fitted with an anklering for the ball-and-chain.

AFFLICTION, n. An acclimatizing process preparing the soul for another
and bitter world.

AFRICAN, n. A nigger that votes our way.

AGE, n. That period of life in which we compound for the vices that
remain by reviling those that we have no longer the vigor to commit.

AGITATOR, n. A statesman who shakes the fruit trees of his neighbors--to
dislodge the worms.

AIM, n. The task we set our wishes to.


     "Cheer up! Have you no aim in life?"
     She tenderly inquired.
     "An aim? Well, no, I have n't, wife;
     The fact is--I have fired."

     G.F.

AIR, n. That nutritious substance so abundantly supplied by a bountiful
Providence for the fattening of the poor.

ALDERMAN, n. An ingenious criminal who covers his secret thieving with a
pretence of open marauding.

ALIEN, n. An American sovereign in his probationary state.

ALLAH, n. The Mahometan Supreme Being, as distinguished from the
Christian, Jewish, etc.


     Allah's good laws I faithfully have kept,
     And ever for the sins of man have wept;
     And sometimes kneeling in the temple I
     Have reverently crossed my hands and slept.

     Junker Barlow.

ALLEGIANCE, n.


     This thing Allegiance, as I suppose,
     Is a ring fitted in the subject's nose,
     Whereby that organ is kept rightly pointed
     To smell the sweetness of the Lord's anointed.

     G.F.

ALLIANCE, n. In international politics, the union of two thieves who
have their hands so deeply inserted in each other's pocket that they
cannot separately plunder a third.

ALLIGATOR, n. The crocodile of America, superior in every respect to the
crocodile of the effete monarchies of the Old World. Herodotus says the
Indus is, with one exception, the only river that produces crocodiles,
but they appear to have gone West and grown up with the other rivers.
From the notches on his back the alligator is called a sawrian.

ALONE, adj. In bad company.


     In contact, lo! the flint and steel,
     By spark and flame, the thought reveal
     That he the metal, she the stone,
     Had cherished secretly alone.

     Booley Fito.

ALTAR, n. The place whereon the priest formerly ravelled out the small
intestine of the sacrificial victim for purposes of divination and
cooked its flesh for the gods. The word is now seldom used, except with
reference to the sacrifice of their liberty and peace by a male and a
female fool.


     They stood before the altar and supplied
     The fire themselves in which their fat was fried.
     In vain the sacrifice!--no god will claim
     An offering burnt with an unholy flame.

     M. P. Nopput.

AMBIDEXTROUS, adj. Able to pick with equal skill a right-hand pocket or
a left.

AMBITION, n. An overmastering desire to be villified by enemies while
living and made ridiculous by friends when dead.

AMNESTY, n. The State's magnanimity to those offenders whom it would be
too expensive to punish.

ANOINT, v.t. To grease. To consecrate a king or other great functionary
already sufficiently slippery.


     As sovereigns are anointed by the priesthood,
     So pigs to lead the populace are greased good.

     Judibras.

ANTIPATHY, n. The sentiment inspired by one's friend's friend.

APHORISM, n. A brief statement, bald in style and flat in sense.


     The flabby wine-skin of a brain
     That, spilling once and filled again,
     Voids from its impotent abysm
     The driblet of an aphorism.

     "The Mad Philosopher" 1697

APOLOGIZE, v. i. To lay the foundation for a future offence.

APOSTATE, n. A leech who, having penetrated the shell of a turtle only
to find the creature has long been dead, deems it expedient to form a
new attachment to a fresh turtle.

APOTHECARY, n. The physician's accomplice, undertaker's benefactor and
grave worm's provider.


     When Jove sent blessings to all men that are,
     And Mercury conveyed them in a jar,
     That friend of tricksters introduced by stealth
     Disease for the apothecary's health,
     Whose gratitude impelled him to proclaim:
     "My deadliest drug shall bear my patron's name!"

     G.F.

APPEAL, v. t. In law, to put the dice into the box for another throw.

APPETITE, n. An instinct thoughtfully implanted by Providence as a
solution to the labor question.

APPLAUSE, n. The echo of a platitude.

APRIL FOOL, n. The March fool with another month added to his folly.

ARBITRATION, n. A modern device for promoting strife by substituting for
an original dispute a score of inevitable disagreements as to the manner
of submitting it for settlement.

ARCHBISHOP, n. An ecclesiastical dignitary one point holier than a
bishop.


     If I were a jolly archbishop,
     On Fridays I 'd eat all the fish up--
     Salmon and flounders and smelts;
     On other days everything else.

     Jodo Rem.

ARCHITECT, n. One who drafts a plan of your house, and plans a draft of
your money; who estimates the whole cost, and himself costs the whole
estimate.

ARDOR, n. The quality that distinguishes love without knowledge.

ARENA, n. In politics, an imaginary rat-pit, in which the statesman
wrestles with his record.

ARISTOCRACY, n. Government by the best men. (In this sense the word is
obsolete; so is that kind of government.) Fellows that wear downy hats
and clean shirts--guilty of education and suspected of bank accounts.

ARMOR, n. The kind of clothing worn by a man whose tailor is a
blacksmith.

ARRAYED, pp. Drawn up and given an orderly disposition, as a rioter
hanged to a lamp-post.

ARREST, v. t Formally to detain one accused of unusualness.

God made the world in six days and was arrested on the seventh.-- The
Unauthorized Version.

ARSENIC, n. A kind of cosmetic greatly affected by the ladies, whom it
greatly affects in turn.


     "Eat arsenic? Yes, all you get,"
     Consenting, he did speak up;
     "'T is better you should eat it, pet,
     Than put it in my teacup."

     Joel Huck.

ART, n. This word has no definition. Its origin is related as follows by
the ingenious Father Gassalasca Jape, S. J.


     One day a wag--what would the wretch be at?--
     Shifted a letter of the cipher RAT,
     And said it was a god's name! Straight arose
     Fantastic priests and postulants (with shows,
     And mysteries, and mummeries, and hymns,
     And disputations dire that lamed their limbs)
     To serve his temple and maintain the fires,
     Expound the law, manipulate the wires.
     Amazed, the populace the rites attend,
     Believe whate'er they cannot comprehend.
     And, inly edified to learn that two
     Half-hairs joined so and so (as Art can do)
     Have sweeter values and a grace more fit
     Than Nature's hairs that never have been split,
     Bring cates and wines for sacrificiàl feasts,
     And sell their garments to support the priests.

ARTLESSNESS, n. A certain engaging quality to which women attain by
long study and severe practice upon the admiring male, who is pleased to
fancy it resembles the candid simplicity of his young.

ASPERSE, v. t Maliciously to ascribe to another vicious actions which
one has not had the temptation and opportunity to commit.

ASS, n. A public singer with a good voice but no ear. In Virginia City,
Nevada, he is called the Washoe Canary, in Dakota, the Senator, and
everywhere the Donkey. The animal is widely and variously celebrated in
the literature, art, and religion of every age and country; no other
so engages and fires the human imagination as this noble vertebrate.
Indeed, it is doubted by some (Ramasilus, lib. II., De Clem., and C.
Stantatus, De Temperamente) if it is not a god; and as such we know it
was worshipped by the Etruscans, and, if we may believe Macrobius, by
the Capasians also. Of the only two animals admitted into the Mahometan
Paradise along with the souls of men, the ass that carried Balaam
is one, the dog of the Seven Sleepers the other. This is no small
distinction. From what has been written about this beast might be
compiled a library of great splendor and magnitude, rivaling that of the
Shakspearean cult, and that which clusters about the Bible. It may be
said, generally, that all literature is more or less Asinine.


     "Hail, holy Ass!" the quiring angels sing;
     "Priest of Unreason, and of Discords King!
     Great co-Creator, let Thy glory shine:
     God made all else, the Mule--the Mule is thine!"

     G.F.

AUCTIONEER, n. The man who proclaims with a hammer that he has picked a
pocket with his tongue.

AUSTRALIA, n. A country lying in the South Sea, whose industrial and
commercial development has been unspeakably retarded by an unfortunate
dispute among geographers as to whether it is a continent or an island.

AVERNUS, n. The lake by which the ancients entered the infernal regions.
The fact that access to the infernal regions was obtained by a lake is
believed by the learned Marcus Ansello Scrutator to have suggested the
Christian rite of baptism by immersion. This, however, has been shown by
Lactantius to be an error.


     Facilis descensus Avertit,
     The poet remarks; and the sense
     Of it is that when down hill I turn I
     Will get more of punches than pence.

     Jehal Dai Lupe.

AVERSION, n. The feeling that one has for the plate after he has eaten
its contents, madam.









B

BAAL, n. A deity formerly much worshipped under various names. As Baal
he was popular with the Phoenicians; as Belus or Bel he had the honor
to be served by the priest Berosus, who wrote the famous account of the
Deluge; as Babel he had a tower partly erected to his glory on the Plain
of Shinar. From Babel comes our English word "babble." Under whatever
name worshipped, Baal is the Sun-god. As Beelzebub he is the god of
flies, which are begotten of the sun's rays on stagnant water. In
Physicia Baal is still worshipped as Bolus, and as Belly he is adored
and served with abundant sacrifice by the priests of Guttle and Swig.

BABB, or BABY, n. A misshapen creature of no particular age, sex, or
condition, chiefly remarkable for the violence of the sympathies and
antipathies it excites in others, itself without sentiment or emotion.
There have been famous babes; for example, little Moses, from whose
adventure in the bulrushes the Egyptian hierophants of seven centuries
before doubtless derived their idle tale of the child Osiris being
preserved on a floating lotus leaf.


     Ere babes were invented
     The girls were contented.
     Now man is tormented
     Until to buy babes he has squandered
     His money. And so I have pondered
     This thing, and thought may be
     'T were better that Baby
     The First had been eagled or condored.

     Ro Amil.

BACCHUS, w. A convenient deity invented by the ancients as an excuse for
getting drunk.


     Is public worship, then, a sin,
     That for devotions paid to Bacchus
     The lictors dare to run us in,
     And resolutely thump and whack us?

     Horace.

BACK, n. That part of your friend which it is your privilege to
contemplate in your adversity.

BACKBITE, v. t. To "speak of a man as you find him" when he can't find
you.

BAIT, n. A preparation that renders the hook more palatable. The best
kind is beauty.

BAPTISM, n. A sacred rite of such efficacy that he who finds himself
in heaven without having undergone it will be unhappy forever. It is
performed with water in two ways-- by immersion, or plunging, and by
aspersion, or sprinkling.


     But whether the plan of immersion
     Is better than simple aspersion
     Let those immersed
     And those aspersed
     Decide by the Authorized Version,
     And by matching their agues tertian.

     G. F.

BAROMETER, n. An ingenious instrument which indicates what kind of
weather we are having.

BARRACK, n. A house in which soldiers enjoy a portion of that of which
it is their business to deprive others.

BASILISK, n. The cockatrice. A sort of serpent hatched from the egg of
a cock. The basilisk had a bad eye, and its glance was fatal. Many
infidels deny this creature's existence, but Semprello Aurator saw
and handled one that had been blinded by lightning as a punishment
for having fatally gazed on a lady of rank whom Jupiter loved. Juno
afterward restored the reptile's sight and hid it in a cave. Nothing is
so well attested by the ancients as the existence of the basilisk, but
the cocks have stopped laying eggs.

BASTINADO, n. The act of walking on wood without exertion.

BATH, n. A kind of mystic ceremony substituted for religious worship,
with what spiritual efficacy has not been determined.


     The man who taketh a steam bath
     He loseth all the skin he hath,
     And, for he 's boiled a brilliant red,
     Thinketh to cleanliness he's wed,
     Forgetting that his lungs he's soiling
     With dirty vapors of the boiling.

     Richard Gwow.

BATTLE, n. A method of untying with the teeth a political knot that
would not yield to the tongue.

BEARD, n. The hair that is commonly cut off by those who justly execrate
the absurd Chinese custom of shaving the head.

BEAUTY, n. The power by which a woman charms a lover and terrifies a
husband.

BEFRIEND, v. t. To make an ingrate.

BEG, v. To ask for something with an earnestness proportioned to the
belief that it will not be given.


     Who is that, father?
     A mendicant, child,
     Haggard, morose, and unaffable--wild!
     See how he glares through the bars of his cell!
     With Citizen Mendicant all is not well.

     Why did they put him there, father?
     Because
     Obeying his belly he struck at the laws.
     His belly?

     Oh, well, he was starving, my boy--
     A state in which, doubtless, there 's little of joy.
     No bite had he eaten for days, and his cry
     Was "Bread!" ever "Bread!"

     What 's the matter with pie?
     With little to wear, he had nothing to sell;
     To beg was unlawful--improper as well.

     Why did n't he work?
     He would even have done that,
     But men said: "Get out!" and the State re     marked: "Scat!"
     I mention these incidents merely to show
     That the vengeance he took was uncommonly low.
     Revenge, at the best, is the act of a Siou,
     But for trifles--

     Pray what did bad Mendicant do?
     Stole two loaves of bread to replenish his lack
     And tuck out the belly that clung to his back.
     Is that <i>all</i> father dear?

     There is little to tell:

     They sent him to jail, and they'll send him to--
     well,
     The company's better than here we can boast,
     And there's--
     Bread for the needy, dear father?
     Um--toast.

     Atka Mip

BEGGAR, n. One who has relied on the assistance of his friends.

BEHAVIOR, n. Conduct, as determined, not by principle, but by breeding.
The word seems to be somewhat loosely used in Dr. Jamrach Holobom's
translation of the following lines in the Dies Iræ:


     Recordare, Jesu pie,
     Quod sum causa tuæ viæ
     Ne me perdas illa die.

     Pray remember, sacred Savior,
     Whose the thoughtless hand that gave your
     Death-blow. Pardon such behavior.

BELLADONNA, n. In Italian a beautiful lady; in English a deadly poison.
A striking example of the essential identity of the two tongues.

BENEDICTINES, n. An order of monks, otherwise known as black friars.


     He thought it a crow, but it turned out to be
     A monk of St. Benedict croaking a text.
     "Here 's one of an order of cooks," said he--
     "Black friars in this world, fried black in the
     next."

     "The Devil on Earth" (London, 1712).

BENEFACTOR, n. One who makes heavy purchases of ingratitude, without,
however, materially affecting the price, which is still within the means
of all.

BERENICE'S HAIR, n. A constellation (Coma Berenices) named in honor of
one who sacrificed her hair to save her husband.


     Her locks an ancient lady gave
     Her loving husband's life to save;
     And men--they honored so the dame--
     Upon some stars bestowed her name.

     But to our modern married fair,
     Who 'd give their lords to save their hair,
     No stellar recognition 's given.
     There are not stars enough in heaven.

     G. F.

BIGAMY, n. A mistake in taste for which the wisdom of the future will
adjudge a punishment called trigamy.

BIGOT, n. One who is obstinately and zealously attached to an opinion
that you do not entertain.

BILLINGSGATE, n. The invective of an opponent.

BIRTH, n. The first and direst of disasters. As to the nature of it
there appears to be no uniformity. Castor and Pollux were born from
the egg. Pallas came out of a skull. Galatea was once a block of stone.
Peresilis, who wrote in the tenth century, avers that he grew up out
of the ground where a priest had spilled holy water. It is known that
Arimaxus was derived from a hole in the earth, made by a stroke of
lightning. Leucomedon was the son of a cavern in Mount Ætna, and I have
myself seen a man come out of a wine cellar.

BLACKGUARD, n. A man whose qualities, prepared for the display like a
box of berries in a market--the fine ones on top--have been opened on the
wrong side. An inverted gentleman.

BLANK-VERSE, n. Unrhymed iambic pentameters--the most difficult kind of
English verse to write acceptably; a kind, therefore, much affected by
those who cannot acceptably write any kind.

BODY-SNATCHER, n. A robber of grave-worms. One who supplies the young
physicians with that with which the old physicians have supplied the
undertaker. The hyena.


     "One night," a doctor said, "last fall,
     I and my comrades, four in all,
     When visiting a grave-yard stood
     Within the shadow of a wall.

     While waiting for the moon to sink
     We saw a wild hyena slink
     About a new-made grave, and then
     Begin to excavate its brink!

     Shocked by the horrid act, we made
     A sally from our ambuscade,
     And, falling on the unholy beast,
     Dispatched him with a pick and spade."

     Bettel K. Jhones.

BONDSMAN, n. A fool who, having property of his own, undertakes to
become responsible for that entrusted to another.

Philippe of Orleans wishing to appoint one of his favorites, a dissolute
nobleman, to a high office, asked him what security he would be able to
give. "I need no bondsmen," he replied, "for I can give you my word of
honor." "And pray what may be the value of that?" inquired the amused
Regent.

"Monsieur, it is worth its weight in gold."

BORE, n. A person who talks when you wish him to listen.

BOTANY, n. The science of vegetables -- those that are not good to eat,
as well as those that are. It deals largely with their flowers, which
are commonly badly designed, inartistic in color, and ill-smelling.

BOTTLE-NOSED, adj. Having a nose created in the image of its maker.

BOUNDARY, n. In political geography, an imaginary line between two
nations, separating the imaginary rights of one from the imaginary
rights of the other.

BOUNTY, n. The liberality of one who has all things, in permitting one
who has nothing to get all he can.

"A single swallow, it is said, devours ten millions of insects every
year. The supplying of these insects I take to be a signal instance of
the Creator's bounty in providing for the lives of His creature."

Henry Ward Beecher.

BRAHMA, n. He who created the Hindoos, who are preserved by Vishnu and
destroyed by Siva--a rather neater division of labor than is found among
the deities of some other nations. The Abracadabranese, for example, are
created by Sin, maintained by Theft and destroyed by Folly. The priests
of Brahma, like those of the Abracadabranese, are holy and learned men
who are never naughty.


     O Brahma, thou rare old Divinity,
     First Person of the Hindoo Trinity,
     You sit there so calm and securely,
     With feet folded up so demurely--
     You're the First Person Singular, surely.

     Polydore Smith.

BRAIN, n. An apparatus with which we think that we think. That which
distinguishes the man who is content to be something from the man who
wishes to do something. A man of great wealth, or one who has been
pitchforked into high station, has commonly such a headful of brain that
his neighbors cannot keep their hats on. In our civilization, and under
our republican form of government, brain is so highly honored that it is
rewarded by exemption from the cares of office.

BRANDY, n. A cordial composed of one part thunder-and-lightning, one
part remorse, two parts bloody murder, one part death-hell-and-thegrave
and four parts clarified Satan. Dose, a headful all the time. Brandy is
said, by Carlyle, I think, to be the drink of heroes. Only a hero will
venture to drink it.

BRIDE, n. A woman with a fine prospect of happiness behind her.

BRUTE, n. See HUSBAND.









C

CAABA, n. A large stone presented by the archangel Gabriel to the
patriarch Abraham, and preserved at Mecca. The patriarch had perhaps
asked the archangel for bread.

CABBAGE, n. A familiar kitchen-garden vegetable about as large and wise
as a man's head.

The cabbage is so called from Cabagius, a prince who on ascending the
throne issued a decree appointing a High Council of Empire, consisting
of the members of his predecessor's Ministry and the cabbages in
the royal garden. When any of His Majesty's measures of state policy
miscarried conspicuously it was gravely announced that several members
of the High Council had been beheaded, and his murmuring subjects were
appeased.

CACKLE, v. i. To celebrate the birth of an egg.


     They say that hens do cackle loudest when
     There's nothing vital in the egg they 've laid;
     And there are hens, professing to have made
     A study of mankind, who say that men
     Whose business is to drive the tongue or pen
     Make the most clamorous fanfaronade
     O'er their most worthless work, and I 'm afraid
     In this respect they 're really like the hen.

     Lo! the drum-major in his coat of gold,
     His blazing breeches and high-towering cap,
     Imperiously pompous, "bloody, bold
     And resolute"--an awe-inspiring chap!

     Who'd think this gorgeous hero's only virtue
     Is that in battle he will never hurt you?

     G.J.

CALAMITY, n. A more than commonly plain and unmistakable reminder that
the affairs of this life are not of our own ordering. Calamities are of
two kinds: misfortune to ourselves, and good fortune to others.

CALLOUS, adj. Gifted with great fortitude to bear the evils afflicting
another.

When Zeno was told that one of his enemies was no more he was observed
to be deeply moved. "What!" said one of his disciples, "you weep at the
death of an enemy?" "Ah, 't is true," replied the great Stoic; "but you
should see me smile at the death of a friend."

CALUMNUS, n. A graduate of the School for Scandal.

CAMEL, n. A quadruped (the Splaypes humpidorsus) of great value to the
show business. There are two kinds of camels--the camel proper and the
camel improper. It is the latter that is always exhibited.

CANNIBAL, n. A gastronome of the old school who preserves the simple
tastes and adheres to the natural diet of the pre-pork period.

The practice of cannibalism was once universal, as the smallest
knowledge of philology will serve to show. "Oblige us," says the erudite
author of the Delectatio Demonorum, "by considering the derivation of
the word 'sarcophagus,' and see if it be not suggestive of potted meats.
Observe the significance of the phrase 'sweet sixteen.' What a world
of meaning lurks in the expression 'she's as sweet as a peach,' and how
suggestive of luncheon are the words 'tender youth!' A kiss is but a
modified bite, and a fond mother, when she rapturously avers that her
babe is 'almost good enough to eat,' merely shows that she is herself
only a trifle too good to eat it."

CANNON, n. An instrument employed in the rectification of national
boundaries.

CANONICALS, n. The motley worn by Jesters at the Court of Heaven.

CAPITAL, n. The seat of misgovernment. That which provides the fire, the
pot, the dinner, the table and the knife and fork for the anarchist. The
part of the repast that himself supplies is the disgrace before meat.
Capital punishment, a penalty regarding the justice and expediency of
which many worthy persons--including all the assassins--entertain grave
misgivings.

CARMELITE, n. A mendicant friar of the order of Mt. Carmel.


     As Death was a-riding out one day,
     Across Mount Carmel he took his way,
     Where he met a mendicant monk,
     Some three or four quarters drunk,
     With a holy leer and a pious grin,
     Ragged and fat and as saucy as sin,
     Who held out his hands and cried:
     "Give, give in Charity's name, I pray.
     Give in the name of the Church. O give,
     Give that her holy sons may live!"
     And Death replied,
     Smiling long and wide:
     "I'll give, holy father, I'll give thee--
     a ride."

     With a rattle and bang
     Of his bones, he sprang
     From his famous Pale Horse, with his spear;
     By the neck and the foot
     Seized the fellow, and put
     Him astride with his face to the rear.

     The Monarch laughed loud with a sound that fell
     Like clods on the coffin's empty shell:
     "Ho, ho! A beggar on horseback, they say,
     Will ride to the devil!"--and thump
     Fell the flat of his dart on the rump
     Of the charger, which galloped away.

     Faster and faster and faster it flew,
     Till the rocks, and the flocks, and the trees that
     grew
     By the road, were dim, and blended, and blue
     To the wild, wide eyes
     Of the rider--in size
     Resembling a couple of blackberry pies.
     Death laughed again, as a tomb might laugh
     At a burial service spoiled,
     And the mourners' intentions foiled
     By the body erecting
     Its head and objecting
     To further proceedings in its behalf.

     Many a year and many a day
     Have passed since these events away.
     The monk has long been a dusty corse,
     And Death has never recovered his horse.

     For the friar got hold of its tail,
     And steered it within the pale
     Of the monastery gray,
     Where the beast was stabled and fed,
     With barley, and oil, and bread,
     Till fatter it grew than the fattest friar,
     And so in due course was appointed Prior.

     G.J.

CARNIVOROUS, adj. Addicted to the cruelty of devouring the timorous
vegetarian, his heirs and assigns.

CARTESIAN, adj. Relating to Descartes, a famous philosopher, author
of the celebrated dictum, Cogito, ergo sum-- whereby he was pleased to
suppose he demonstrated the reality of human existence. The dictum might
be improved, however, thus: Cogito cogito, ergo cogito sum--"I think that
I think, therefore I think that I am;" as close an approach to certainty
as any philosopher has yet made.

CAT, n. A soft, indestructible automaton provided by nature to be kicked
when things go wrong in the domestic circle.


     This is a dog,
     This is a cat,
     This is a frog,
     This is a rat.
     Run, dog, mew, cat,
     Jump, frog, gnaw, rat.

     Elevenson.

CAVILER, n. A critic of one's own work.

CEMETERY, n. An isolated suburban spot where mourners match lies, poets
write at a target and stonecutters spell for a wager. The inscriptions
following will serve to illustrate the success attained in these
Olympian games:

"His virtues were so conspicuous that his enemies, unable to overlook
them, denied them, and his friends, to whose loose lives they were a
rebuke, represented them as vices. They are here commemorated by his
family, who shared them."


     "In the earth we here prepare a
     Place to lay our little Clara.
     --Thomas M. and Mary Frazer.
     P. S.--Gabriel will raise her."

CENTAUR, n. One of a race of persons who lived before the division
of labor had been carried to such a pitch of differentiation, and who
followed the primitive economic maxim, "Every man his own horse." The
best of the lot was Chiron, who to the wisdom and virtues of the horse
added the fleetness of man. The scripture story of the head of John the
Baptist on a charger shows that pagan myths have somewhat sophisticated
sacred history.

CERBERUS, n. The watch-dog of Hades, whose duty it was to guard the
entrance--against whom or what does not clearly appear. Everybody, sooner
or later, had to go there, and nobody wanted to carry off the entrance.
Cerberus is known to have had three heads, and some of the poets have
credited him with as many as a hundred. Professor Graybill, whose
clerkly erudition and profound knowledge of Greek give his opinion
great weight, has averaged all the estimates, and makes the number
twenty-seven--a judgment that would be entirely conclusive if Professor
Graybill had known (a) something about dogs, and (b) something about
arithmetic.

CHILDHOOD, n. The period of human life intermediate between the idiocy
of infancy and the folly of youth--two removes from the sin of manhood
and three from the remorse of age.

CHRISTIAN, n. One who believes that the New Testament is a divinely
inspired book admirably suited to the spiritual needs of his neighbor.
One who follows the teachings of Christ in so far as they are not
inconsistent with a life of sin.


     I dreamed I stood upon a hill, and, lo!
     The godly multitudes walked to and fro
     Beneath, in Sabbath garments fitly clad,
     With pious mien, appropriately sad,
     While all the church bells made a solemn din
     A fire-alarm to those who lived in sin.
     Then saw I gazing thoughtfully below,
     With tranquil face, upon that holy show
     A tall, spare figure in a robe of white,
     Whose eyes diffused a melancholy light.
     "God keep you, stranger," I exclaimed. "You are
     No doubt (your habit shows it) from afar;
     And yet I entertain the hope that you,
     Like these good people, are a Christian too."
     He raised his eyes and with a look so stern
     It made me with a thousand blushes burn
     Replied--his manner with disdain was spiced:
     "What! I a Christian? No, indeed! I 'm Christ."

     G.J.

CIRCUS, n. A place where horses, ponies, and elephants are permitted to
see men, women, and children acting the fool.

CLAIRVOYANT, n. A person, commonly a woman, who has the power of seeing
that which is invisible to her patron--namely, that he is a blockhead.

CLARIONET, n. An instrument of torture operated by a person with cotton
in his ears. There are two instruments that are worse than a clarionet
--two clarionets.

CLERGYMAN, n. A man who undertakes the management of our spiritual
affairs as a method of bettering his temporal ones.

CLIO, n. One of the nine Muses. Clio's function was to preside over
history--which she did with great dignity, many of the prominent citizens
of Athens occupying seats on the platform, the meetings being addressed
by Messrs. Xenophon, Herodotus and other popular speakers.

CLOCK, n. A machine of great moral value to man, allaying his concern
for the future by reminding him what a lot of time remains to him.


     A busy man complained one day:
     "I get no time!"  "What 's that you say?"
     Cried out his friend, a lazy quiz;
     "You have, sir, all the time there is.
     There 's plenty, too, and don't you doubt it--
     We 're never for an hour without it."

     Purzil Crofe.

CLOSE-FISTED, adj. Unduly desirous of keeping that which many deserving
persons wish to obtain.


     "Close-fisted Scotchman!" Johnson cried
     To thrifty J. Macpherson;
     "See me--I 'm ready to divide
     With any worthy person."
     Said Jamie: "That is very true--
     The boast requires no backing;
     And all are worthy, sir, to you,
     Who have what you are lacking."

     Anita M. Bobe.

CONOBITE, or CENOBITE, n. A man who piously shuts himself up to meditate
upon the sin of wickedness; and to keep it fresh in his mind joins a
brotherhood of awful examples.


     O coenobite, O coenobite,
     Monastical gregarian,
     You differ from the anchorite,
     That solitudinarian:
     With vollied prayers you wound Old Nick;
     With dropping shots he makes him sick.

     Quincy Giles.

COMFORT, n. A state of mind produced by the contemplation of our
neighbor's uneasiness.

COMMENDATION, n. The tribute that we pay to achievements that resemble,
but do not equal, our own.

COMMERCE, n. A kind of transaction in which A plunders from B the goods
of C, and for compensation B picks the pocket of D of money belonging to
E.

COMMONWEALTH, n. An administrative entity operated by an incalculable
multitude of political parasites, logically active, but fortuitously
efficient.


     This commonwealth's capito's corridors view,
     So thronged with a hungry and indolent crew
     Of clerks, pages, porters and all attachés
     Whom rascals appoint and the populace pays
     That a cat cannot slip through the thicket of shins
     Nor hear its own shriek for the noise of their
     chins.
     On clerks and on pages, and porters, and all,
     Misfortune attend and disaster befall!
     May life be to them a succession of hurts;
     May fleas by the bushel inhabit their shirts;
     May aches and diseases encamp in their bones,
     Their lungs full of tubercles, bladders of stones;
     May microbes, bacilli, their tissues infest,
     And tapeworms securely their bowels digest;
     May corn-cobs be snared without hope in their hair,
     And frequent impalement their pleasure impair.
     Disturbed be their dreams by the awful discourse
     Of menacing dressers, sepulchrally hoarse,
     By chairs acrobatic and wavering floors--
     The mattress that kicks and the pillow that snores!
     Sons of cupidity, cradled in sin!
     Their criminal ranks may the death angel thin,
     Avenging the friend whom I could n't work in.

     K. Q.

COMPROMISE, n, Such an adjustment of conflicting interests as gives each
adversary the satisfaction of thinking he has got what he ought not to
have, and is deprived of nothing except what was justly his due.

COMPULSION, n. The eloquence of power.

CONDOLE, v. i. To show that bereavement is a smaller evil than sympathy.

CONFIDANT, CONFIDANTE, n. One entrusted by A with the secrets of B
confided to himself by C.

CONGRATULATION, n. The civility of envy.

CONGRESS, n. A body of men who meet to repeal laws.

CONNOISSEUR, n. A specialist who knows everything about something and
nothing about anything else.

An old wine-bibber having been smashed in a railway collision, some wine
was poured upon his lips to revive him. "Pauillac, 1873," he murmured
and died.

CONSERVATIVE, n. A statesman who is enamored of existing evils, as
distinguished from the Liberal, who wishes to replace them with others.

CONSOLATION, n. The knowledge that a better man is more unfortunate than
yourself.

CONSUL, n. In American politics, a person who having failed to secure an
office from the people is given one by the Administration on condition
that he leave the country.

CONSULT, v. t. To seek another's approval to a course already decided
on.

CONTEMPT, n. The feeling of a prudent man for an enemy who is too
formidable safely to be opposed.

CONTROVERSY, n. A battle in which spittle or ink replaces the injurious
cannon-ball and the inconsiderate bayonet.


     In controversy with the facile tongue--
     That bloodless warfare of the old and young--
     So seek your adversary to engage
     That on himself he shall exhaust his rage,
     And, like a snake that's fastened to the ground,
     With his own fangs inflict the fatal wound.
     You ask me how this miracle is done?
     Adopt his own opinions, one by one,
     And taunt him to refute them; in his wrath
     He 'll sweep them pitilessly from his path.
     Advance then gently all you wish to prove,
     Each proposition prefaced with, "As you 've
     So well remarked," or, "As you wisely say,
     And I cannot dispute," or, "By the way,
     This view of it which, better far expressed,
     Runs through your argument." Then leave
     the rest
     To him, secure that he 'll perform his trust
     And prove your views intelligent and just.

     Conmore Apel Brune.

CONVENT, n. A place of retirement for women who wish for leisure to
meditate upon the sin of idleness.

CONVERSATION, n. A fair for the display of the minor mental commodities,
each exhibitor being too intent upon the arrangement of his own wares to
observe those of his neighbor.

CORONATION, n. The ceremony of investing a sovereign with the outward
and visible signs of his divine right to be blown skyhigh with a
dynamite bomb.

CORPORAL, n. A man who occupies the lowest rung of the military ladder.


     Fiercely the battle raged and, sad to tell,
     Our corporal heroically fell!
     Fame from her height looked down upon the brawl
     And said: "He had n't very far to fall."

     Giacomo Smith.

CORPORATION, n. An ingenious device for securing individual profit
without individual responsibility.

CORSAIR, n. A politician of the seas.

COURT FOOL, n. The plaintiff.

COWARD, n. One who in a perilous emergency thinks with his legs.

CRAFT, n. A fool's substitute for brains.

CRAYFISH, n. A small crustacean very much resembling the lobster, but
less indigestible.

In this small fish I take it that human wisdom is admirably figured and
symbolized; for whereas the crayfish doth move only backward, and can
have only retrospection, seeing naught but the perils already passed,
so the wisdom of man doth not enable him to avoid the follies that beset
his course, but only to apprehend their nature afterward.-- Sir James
Merivale.

CREDITOR, n. One of a tribe of savages dwelling beyond the Financial
Straits and dreaded for their desolating incursions.

CREMONA, n. A high-priced violin made in Connecticut.

CRITIC, n. A person who boasts himself hard to please because nobody has
ever tried to please him.


     There is a land of pure delight,
     Beyond the Jordan's flood,
     Where saints, apparelled all in white,
     Fling back the critic's mud.

     And as he legs it through the skies,
     His pelt a sable hue,
     He sorrows sore to recognize
     The missiles that he threw.

     G. J.

CROSS, n. An ancient religious symbol erroneously supposed to owe its
significance to the most solemn event in the history of Christianity,
but really antedating it by thousands of years. By many it has been
believed to be identical with the crux ansata of the ancient phallic
worship, but it has been traced even beyond all that we know of that,
to the rites of primitive peoples. We have today the White Cross as
a symbol of chastity, and the Red Cross as a badge of benevolent
neutrality in war. Having in mind the former, the reverend Father
Gassalasca Jape smites the lyre to the effect following:


     "Be good, be good!" the sisterhood
     Cry out in holy chorus;
     And, to dissuade from sin, parade
     Their various charms before us.

     But why, O why, has ne'er an eye
     Seen her of winsome manner
     And youthful grace and pretty face
     Flaunting the White Cross banner?

     Now where's the need of speech and screed
     To better our behaving?
     A simpler plan for saving man
     (But, first, is he worth saving?)

     Is, dears, when he declines to flee
     From bad thoughts that beset him,
     Ignores the Law as't were a straw,
     And wants to sin--don't let him.

CUI BQNO? [Latin] What good would that do me?

CUNNING, n. The faculty that distinguishes a weak animal or person from
a strong one. It brings its possessor much mental satisfaction and great
material adversity. An Italian proverb says: "The furrier gets the skins
of more foxes than asses."

CUPID, n. The so-called god of love. This bastard creation of a
barbarous fancy was no doubt inflicted upon mythology for the sins of
its deities. Of all unbeautiful and inappropriate conceptions this is
the most reasonless and offensive. The notion of symbolizing sexual love
by a semisexless babe, and comparing the pains of passion to the wounds
of an arrow --of introducing this pudgy homunculus into art grossly
to materialize the subtle spirit and suggestion of the work--this is
eminently worthy of the age that, giving it birth, laid it on the
doorstep of posterity.

CURIOSITY, n. An objectionable quality of the female mind. The desire to
know whether or not a woman is cursed with curiosity is one of the most
active and insatiable passions of the masculine soul.

CURSE, v. t. Energetically to belabor with a verbal slap-stick. This is
an operation which in literature, particularly in the drama, is commonly
fatal to the victim. Nevertheless, the liability to a cursing is a risk
that cuts but a small figure in fixing the rates of life insurance.

CYNIC, n. A blackguard whose faulty vision sees things as they are, not
as they ought to be. Hence the custom among the Scythians of plucking
out a cynic's eyes to improve his vision.









D

DAMN, int. A word formerly much used by the Paphlagonians, the meaning
of which is lost. By the learned Dr. Dolabelly Gak it is believed to
have been a term of satisfaction, implying the highest possible degree
of mental tranquillity. Professor Groke, on the other hand, thinks it
expressed an emotion of tumultuous delight, because it so frequently
occurs in combination with the word jod or god, meaning "joy." It would
be with great diffidence that I should advance an opinion conflicting
with that of either of these formidable authorities.

DANCE, v. i. To leap about to the sound of tittering music, preferably
with arms about your neighbor's wife or daughter. There are many kinds
of dances, but all those requiring the participation of the two sexes
have two characteristics in common: they are conspicuously innocent, and
warmly loved by the guilty.

DANGER, n.


     A savage beast which, when it sleeps,
     Man girds at and despises,
     But takes himself away by leaps
     And bounds when it arises.

     Ambat Delaso,

DARING, n. One of the most conspicuous qualities of a man in security.

DATARY, n. A high ecclesiastical official of the Roman Catholic Church,
whose important function is to brand the Pope's bulls with the words
Datum Romæ. He enjoys a princely revenue and the friendship of God.

DAWN, n. The time when men of reason go to bed. Certain old men prefer
to rise at about that time, taking a cold bath and a long walk, with an
empty stomach, and otherwise mortifying the flesh. They then point with
pride to these practices as the cause of their sturdy health and ripe
years; the truth being that they are hearty and old, not because of
their habits, but in spite of them. The reason we find only robust
persons doing this thing is that it has killed all the others who have
tried it.

DAY, n. A period of twenty-four hours, mostly misspent. This period is
divided into two parts, the day proper and the night, or day improper--
the former devoted to sins of business, the latter consecrated to the
other sort. These two kinds of social activity overlap.

DEAD, adj.


     Done with the work of breathing; done
     With all the world; the mad race run
     Through to the end; the golden goal
     Attained and found to be a hole!

     Squatol Johnes.

DEBAUCHEE, n. One who has so earnestly pursued pleasure that he has had
the misfortune to overtake it.

DEBT, n. An ingenious substitute for the chain and whip of the
slavedriver.


     As, pent in an aquarium, the troutlet
     Swims round and round his tank to find an outlet,
     Pressing his nose against the glass that holds him,
     Nor ever sees the prison that enfolds him;
     So the poor debtor, seeing naught around him,
     Yet feels the limits pitiless that bound him;
     Grieves at his debt and studies to evade it,
     And finds at last he might as well have paid it.

     Barlow S. Vode.

DECALOGUE, n. A series of commandments, ten in number--just enough
to permit an intelligent selection for observance, but not enough to
embarrass the choice. Following is the revised edition of the Decalogue,
calculated for this meridian.


     Thou shalt no God but me adore:
     'T were too expensive to have more.
     No images nor idols make
     For Robert Ingersoll to break.
     Take not God's name in vain; select
     A time when it will have effect.
     Work not on Sabbath days at all,
     But go to see the teams play ball.
     Honor thy parents. That creates
     For life insurance lower rates.
     Kill not, abet not those who kill;
     Thou shalt not pay thy butcher's bill.
     Kiss not thy neighbor's wife, unless
     Thine own thy neighbor doth caress.
     Don't steal; thou 'lt never thus compete
     Successfully in business. Cheat.
     Bear not false witness--that is low--
     But "hear't is rumored so and so."
     Covet thou naught that thou hast not
     By hook or crook, or somehow, got.

DECIDE, v. i. To succumb to the preponderance of one set of influences
over another set.


     A leaf was riven from a tree,
     "I mean to fall to earth," said he.

     The west wind, rising, made him veer
     "Eastward," said he, I mean to steer."

     The east wind rose with greater force.

     Said he: "'T were wise to change my course."
     With equal power they contend.

     He said: "My judgment I suspend."

     Down died the winds; the leaf, elate,
     Cried: "I 've decided to fall straight."

     "First thoughts are best"? That 's not the moral;
     Just choose your own and we 'll not quarrel.

     Howe'er your choice may chance to fall,

     G. J.

DEFAME, v. t. To lie about another. To tell the truth about another.

DEFENCELESS, adj. Unable to attack.

DEGENERATE, adj. Less conspicuously admirable than one's ancestors.
The contemporaries of Homer were striking examples of degeneracy; it
required ten of them to raise a rock or a riot that one of the heroes
of the Trojan war could have raised with ease. Homer never tires of
sneering at the "men who live in these degenerate days," which is
perhaps why they suffered him to beg his bread-- a marked instance of
returning good for evil, by the way, for if they had forbidden him he
would certainly have starved.

DEGRADATION, n. One of the stages of moral and social progress from
private station to political preferment.

DEINOTHERIUM, n. An extinct pachyderm that flourished when the
Pterodactyl was in fashion. The latter was a native of Ireland, its name
being pronounced Terry Dactyl or Peter O'Dactyl, as the man pronouncing
it may chance to have heard it spoken or seen it printed.

DEJEUNER, n. The breakfast of an American who has been in Paris.
Variously pronounced.

DELEGATION, n. In American politics, an article of merchandise that
comes in sets.

DELIBERATION, n. The act of examining one's bread to determine which
side it is buttered on.

DELUGE, n. A notable first experiment in baptism which washed away the
sins (and sinners) of the world.

DELUSION, n. The father of a most respectable family, comprising
Enthusiasm, Affection, Self-denial, Faith, Hope, Charity, and many other
goodly sons and daughters.


     All hail, Delusion! Were it not for thee
     The world turned topsy-turvy we should see;
     For Vice, respectable with cleanly fancies,
     Would fly abandoned Virtue's gross advances.

     Mumfrey Mappel.

DENTIST, n. A prestidigitator who, putting metal into your mouth, pulls
coins out of your pocket.

DEPENDENT, adj. Reliant upon another's generosity for the support which
you are not in a position to exact from his fears.

DEPUTY, n. A male relative of an officer-holder or of his bondsman.
The deputy is commonly a beautiful young man, with a red necktie and an
intricate system of cobwebs extending from his nose to his desk. When
accidentally struck by the janitor's broom, he gives off a cloud of
dust.


     "Chief Deputy," the master cried,
     "To-day the books are to be tried
     By experts and accountants who
     Have been commissioned to go through
     Our office here, to see if we
     Have stolen injudiciously.

     Please have the proper entries made,
     The proper balances displayed,
     Conforming to the whole amount
     Of cash on hand--which they will count.

     I 've long admired your punctual way--
     Here at the break and close of day,
     Confronting in your chair the crowd
     Of business men, whose voices loud
     And gestures violent you quell
     By some mysterious, calm spell--
     Some magic lurking in your look
     That brings the noisiest to book
     And spreads a holy and profound
     Tranquillity o'er all around.

     So orderly all's done that they
     Who came to draw remain to pay.

     But now the time demands, at last,
     That you employ your genius vast
     In energies more active. Rise
     And shake the lightnings from your eyes;
     Inspire your underlings, and fling
     Your spirit into everything!"

     The master hand here dealt a whack
     Upon the Deputy's bent back,
     When straightway to the floor there fell
     A shrunken globe, a rattling shell,
     A blackened, withered, eyeless head!
     The man had been a twelvemonth dead.

     Jamrach Holobom.

DESTINY, n. A tyrant's authority for crime and a fool's excuse for
failure.

DIAGNOSIS, n. A physician's forecast of disease by the patient's pulse
and purse.

DIAPHRAGM, n. A muscular partition separating disorders of the chest
from disorders of the bowels.

DIARY, n. A daily record of that part of one's life, which he can relate
to himself without blushing.


     Sam kept a diary wherein were writ
     So many noble deeds and so much wit
     That the Recording Angel, when Sam died,
     Erased all entries of his own and cried:
     "I 'll judge you by your diary." Said Sam:
     "Thank you;'t will show you what a saint I am"--
     Straightway producing, jubilant and proud,
     That record from a pocket in his shroud.

     The Angel slowly turned the pages o'er,
     Each lying line of which he knew before,
     Glooming and gleaming as by turns he hit
     On noble action and amusing wit;
     Then gravely closed the book and gave it back.
     "My friend, you've wandered from your proper
     track;
     You'd never be content this side the tomb--
     For deeds of greatness Heaven has little room,
     And Hell's no latitude for making mirth,"
     He said, and kicked the fellow back to earth.

     "The Mad Philosopher"

DICTATOR, n. The chief of a nation that prefers the pestilence of
despotism to the plague of anarchy.

DICTIONARY, n. A malevolent literary device for cramping the growth of a
language and making it hard and inelastic. This dictionary, however, is
a most useful work.

DIE, n. The singular of "dice." We seldom hear the word, because there
is a prohibitory proverb, "Never say die." At long intervals, however,
some one says: "The die is cast," which is not true, for it is cut. The
word is found in an immortal couplet by that eminent poet and domestic
economist, Senator Depew:


     A cube of cheese no larger than a die
     May bait the trap to catch a nibbling mie.

DIGESTION, n. The conversion of victuals into virtues. When the process
is imperfect, vices are evolved instead -- a circumstance from which
that wicked writer, Dr. Jeremiah Blenn, infers that the ladies are the
greater sufferers from dyspepsia.

DIPLOMACY, n. The patriotic, art of lying for one's country.

DISABUSE, v. t. To present your neighbor with another and better error
than the one which he has deemed it advantageous to embrace.

DISCRIMINATE, v. i. To note the particulars in which one person or thing
is, if possible, more objectionable than another.

DISCUSSION, n. A method of confirming others in their errors.

DISOBEDIENCE, n. The silver lining to the cloud of servitude.

DISOBEY, v. t. To celebrate with an appropriate ceremony the maturity of
a command.


     His right to govern me is clear as day,
     My duty manifest to disobey;
     And if that fit observance e'er I shun
     May I and duty be alike undone.

     Israfel Brown.

DISSEMBLE, v. i. To put a clean shirt upon the character.


     Let us dissemble.--<i>Adam</i>.

DISTANCE, n. The only thing that the rich are willing for the poor to
call theirs, and keep.

DISTRESS, n. A disease incurred by exposure to the prosperity of a
friend.

DIVINATION, n. The art of nosing out the occult. Divination is of as
many kinds as there are fruit-bearing varieties of the flowering dunce
and the early fool.

DOG, n. A kind of additional or subsidiary Deity designed to catch the
overflow and surplus of the world's worship. This Divine Being in some
of his smaller and silkier incarnations takes, in the affection of
Woman, the place to which there is no human male aspirant. The Dog is a
survival--an anachronism. He toils not, neither does he spin, yet Solomon
in all his glory never lay upon a door-mat all day long, sunsoaked and
fly-fed and fat, while his master worked for the means wherewith to
purchase an idle wag of the Solomonic tail, seasoned with a look of
tolerant recognition.

DRAGOON, n. A soldier who combines steadiness and dash in so equal
measure that he makes his advances on foot and his retreats on
horseback.

DRAMATIST, n. One who adapts plays from the French.

DRUIDS, n. Priests and ministers of an ancient Celtic religion which
did not disdain to employ the humble allurement of human sacrifice. Very
little is now known about the Druids and their faith. Pliny says their
religion, originating in Britain, spread eastward as far as Persia.
Cæsar says those who desired to study its mysteries went to Britain.
Cæsar himself went to Britain, but does not appear to have obtained any
high preferment in the Druidical Church, although his talent for human
sacrifice was considerable.

Druids performed their religious rites in groves, and knew nothing of
church mortgages and the seasonticket system of pew rents. They were,
in short, heathens and--as they were once complacently catalogued by a
distinguished prelate of the Church of England-- "Dissenters."

DUCK-BILL, n. Your account at your restaurant during the canvass-back
season.

DUEL, n. A formal ceremony preliminary to the reconciliation of two
enemies. Great skill is necessary to its satisfactory observance; if
awkwardly performed the most unexpected and deplorable consequences
sometimes ensue. A long time ago a man lost his life in a duel.


     That dueling's a gentlemanly vice
     I hold; and wish that it had been my lot
     To live my life out in some favored spot--
     Some country where it is considered nice
     To split a rival like a Ash, or slice
     A husband like a spud, or with a shot
     Bring down a debtor doubled in a knot
     And ready to be put upon the ice.
     Some miscreants there are, whom I do long
     To shoot, or stab, or some such way reclaim
     The scurvy rogues to better lives and manners.
     I seem to see them now--a mighty throng.
     It looks as if to challenge <i>me</i> they came,
     Jauntily marching with brass bands and banners!

     Xamba Dar.

DULLARD, n. A member of the reigning dynasty in letters and life. The
Dullards came in with Adam, and being both numerous and sturdy So
have overrun the habitable world. The secret of their power is their
insensibility to blows; tickle them with a bludgeon and they laugh with
a platitude. The Dullards came originally from Boeotia, whence they were
driven by stress of starvation, their dulness having blighted the crops.
For some centuries they infested Philistia, and many of them are called
Philistines to this day. In the turbulent times of the Crusades they
withdrew thence and gradually overspread all Europe, occupying most of
the high places in politics, art, literature, science, and theology.
Since a detachment of Dullards came over with the Pilgrims in the
Mayflower and made a favorable report of the country, their increase by
birth, immigration, and conversion has been rapid and steady. According
to the most trustworthy statistics the number of adult Dullards in the
United States is but little short of thirty millions, including the
statisticians. The intellectual centre of the race is somewhere about
Peoria, Illinois, but the New England Dullard is the most impenitently
moral.

DUTY, n. That which sternly impels us in the direction of profit, along
the line of desire.


     Sir Lavender Portwine, in favor at court,
     Was wroth at his master, who 'd kissed Lady Port.
     His anger provoked him to take the king's head,
     But duty prevailed, and he took the king's bread,
     Instead.

     G. J.








E

HAT, v. i. To perform successively (and successfully) the functions of
mastication, humectation, and deglutition--in short, to eat. "I was in
the drawing-room, enjoying my dinner," said Brillat-Savarin, beginning
an anecdote. "What!" interrupted Rochebriant; "eating dinner in a
drawing-room?"

"I must beg you to observe, Monsieur," explained the great gastronome,
"that I did not say I was eating my dinner, but enjoying it. I had dined
an hour before."

EAVESDROP, v. i. Secretly to overhear a catalogue of the crimes and
vices of another or yourself.


     A lady with one of her ears applied
     To an open keyhole heard, inside,
     Two female gossips in converse free--
     The subject engaging them was she.
     "I think," said one, "and my husband thinks
     That she 's a prying, inquisitive minx!"
     As soon as no more of it she could hear
     The lady, indignant, removed her ear.
     "I will not stay," she said, with a pout,
     "To hear my character lied about!"

     Gopete Sherany.

ECCENTRICITY, n. A method of distinction so cheap that fools employ it
to accentuate their incapacity.

ECONOMY, n. Purchasing the barrel of whiskey that you do not need for
the price of the cow that you cannot afford.

EDIBLE, adj. Good to eat, and wholesome to digest, as a worm to a toad,
a toad to a snake, a snake to a pig, a pig to a man, and a man to a
worm.

EDITOR, n. A person who combines the judicial functions of Minos,
Rhadamanthus and Æacus, but is placable with an obolus; a severely
virtuous censor, but so charitable withal that he tolerates the virtues
of others and the vices of himself; who flings about him the splintering
lightning and sturdy thunders of admonition till he resembles a bunch
of firecrackers petulantly uttering its mind at the tail of a dog;
then straightway murmurs a mild, melodious lay, soft as the cooing of a
donkey intoning its prayer to the evening star. Master of mysteries
and lord of law, high-pinnacled upon the throne of thought, his face
suffused with the dim Splendors of the Transfiguration, his legs
intertwisted and his tongue a-cheek, the editor spills his will along
the paper and cuts it off in lengths to suit. And at intervals from
behind the veil of the temple is heard the voice of the foreman
demanding three inches of wit and six lines of religious meditation, or
bidding him turn off the wisdom and whack up some pathos.


     O, the Lord of Law on the Throne of Thought,
     A gilded impostor is he.
     Of shreds and patches his robes are wrought,
     His crown is brass,
     Himself is an ass,
     And his power is fiddle-dee-dee.
     Prankily, crankily prating of naught,
     Silly old quilly old Monarch of Thought.
     Public opinion's camp-follower he,
     Thundering, blundering, plundering free.
     Affected,
     Ungracious,
     Detected,
     Mendacious,
     Respected contemporaree!

     J. H. Bumbleshook,

EDUCATION, n. That which discloses to the wise and disguises from the
foolish their lack of understanding.

EFFECT, n. The second of two phenomena which always occur together
in the same order. The first, called a Cause, is said to generate the
other-- which is no more sensible than it would be for one who has never
seen a dog except in pursuit of a rabbit to declare the rabbit the cause
of the dog.

EGOTIST, n. A person of low taste, more interested in himself than in
me.


     Megaceph, chosen to serve the State
     In the halls of legislative debate,
     One day with all his credentials came
     To the capitol's door and announced his name.
     The doorkeeper looked, with a comical twist
     Of the face, at the eminent egotist,
     And said: "Go away, for we settle here
     All manner of questions, knotty and queer,
     And we cannot have, when the speaker demands
     To be told how every member stands,
     A man who to all things under the sky
     Assents by eternally voting 'I'."

EJECTION, n. An approved remedy for the disease of garrulity. It is also
much used in cases of extreme poverty.

ELECTOR, n. One who enjoys the sacred privilege of voting for the man of
another man's choice.

ELECTRICITY, n. The power that causes all natural phenomena not known to
be caused by something else. It is the same thing as lightning, and its
famous attempt to strike Dr. Franklin is one of the most picturesque
incidents in that great and good man's career. The memory of Dr.
Franklin is justly held in great reverence, particularly in France,
where a waxen effigy of him was recently on exhibition, bearing the
following touching account of his life and services to science:

"Monsieur Franqulin, inventor of electricity. This illustrious savant,
after having made several voyages around the world, died on the Sandwich
Islands and was devoured by savages, of whom not a single fragment was
ever recovered."

Electricity seems destined to play a most important part in the arts and
industries. The question of its economical application to some purposes
is still unsettled, but experiment has already proved that it will
propel a street car better than a gas jet and give more light than a
horse.

ELEGY, n. A composition in verse, in which, without employing any of the
methods of humor, the writer aims to produce in the reader's mind
the dampest kind of dejection. The most famous English example begins
somewhat like this:


     The cur foretells the knell of parting day;
     The loafing herd winds slowly o'er the lea;
     The wise man homeward plods; I only stay
     To fiddle-faddle in a minor key.

ELOQUENCE, n. The art of orally persuading fools that white is the color
that it appears to be. It includes the gift of making any color appear
white.

ELYSIUM, n. An imaginary delightful country which the ancients foolishly
believed to be inhabited by the spirits of the good. This ridiculous
and mischievous fable was swept off the face of the earth by the early
Christians--may their souls be happy in Heaven!

EMANCIPATION, n. A bondsman's change from the tyranny of another to the
despotism of himself.


     He was a slave: at word he went and came;
     His iron collar cut him to the bone.
     Then Liberty erased his owner's name,
     Tightened the rivets and inscribed his own.

     G. J.

EMBALM, v. t. To cheat vegetation by locking up the gases upon which it
feeds. By embalming their dead and thereby deranging the natural balance
between animal and vegetable life, the Egyptians made their once fertile
and populous country barren and incapable of supporting more than a
meagre crew. The modern metallic burial casket is a step in the same
direction, and many a dead man who ought now to be ornamenting his
neighbor's lawn as a tree, or enriching his table as a bunch of
radishes, is doomed to a long inutility. We shall get him after
awhile if we are spared, but in the meantime the violet and rose are
languishing for a nibble at his glutæus maximus.

EMOTION, n. A prostrating disease caused by a determination of the
heart to the head. It is sometimes accompanied by a copious discharge of
hydrated chloride of sodium from the eyes.

ENCOMIAST, n. A special (but not particular) kind of liar.

END, n. The position furthest removed on either hand from the
Interlocutor.


      The man was perishing apace
      Who played the tambourine:
      The seal of death was on his face--
      'T was pallid, for't was clean.

      "This is the end," the sick man said
      In faint and failing tones.
      A moment later he was dead,
      And Tambourine was Bones.

      Tinley Roquot.

ENOUGH, pro. All there is in the world if you like it.


     Enough is as good as a feast--for that matter
     Enougher 's as good as a feast and the platter.

     Arbely C. Strunk.

ENTERTAINMENT, n. Any kind of amusement whose inroads stop short of
death by dejection.

ENTHUSIASM, n. A distemper of youth, curable by small doses of
repentance in connection with outward applications of experience. Byron,
who recovered long enough to call it "entuzy-muzy," had a relapse which
carried him off--to Missolonghi.

ENVELOPE, n. The coffin of a document; the scabbard of a bill; the husk
of a remittance; the bed-gown of a love-letter.

ENVY, n. Emulation adapted to the meanest capacity.

EPAULET, n. An ornamented badge, serving to distinguish a military
officer from the enemy--that is to say, from the officer of lower rank to
whom his death would give promotion.

EPICURE, n. An opponent of Epicurus, an abstemious philosopher who,
holding that pleasure should be the chief aim of man, wasted no time in
gratification of the senses.

EPIGRAM, n. A short, sharp saying in prose or verse, frequently
characterized by acidity or acerbity and sometimes by wisdom. Following
are some of the more notable epigrams of the learned and ingenious Dr.
Jamrach Holobom:

We know better the needs of ourselves than of others. To serve oneself
is economy of administration.

In each human heart are a tiger, a pig, an ass, and a nightingale.
Diversity of character is due to their unequal activity.

There are three sexes: males, females, and girls.

Beauty in women and distinction in men are alike in this: they seem to
the unthinking a kind of credibility.

Women in love are less ashamed than men. They have less to be ashamed
of.

While your friend holds you affectionately by both your hands you are
safe, for you can watch both his.

Woman would be more charming if one could fall into her arms without
falling into her hands.

Think not to atone for wealth by apology: you must make restitution by a
loan to the accuser.

Study good women and ignore the rest, For he best knows the sex who
knows the best.

Before undergoing a surgical operation arrange your temporal affairs.
You may live.

Intolerance is natural and logical, for in every dissenting opinion lies
an assumption of superior wisdom.

"Who art thou?" said Saint Peter at the Gate.

"I am known as Memory."

"What presumption!--go back to Hell. And who, perspiring friend, art
thou?"

"My name is Satan. I am looking for--"

"Take your penal apparatus and be off."

And Satan, laying hold of Memory, said: "Come along, you scoundrel; you
make happiness wherever you are not."

Self-denial is the weak indulgence of a propensity to forego.

Men talk of selecting a wife; horses of selecting an owner.

You are not permitted to kill a woman that has injured you, but nothing
forbids you to reflect that she is growing older every minute. You are
avenged 1440 times a day.

A sweetheart is a bottle of wine. A wife is a wine bottle.

He gets on best with women who best knows how to get on without them.

"Who am I?" asked an awakened soul.

"That is the only knowledge that is denied to you here," answered a
smiling angel. "This is Heaven."

Woman's courage is ignorance of danger; man's is hope of escape.

Women of genius commonly have masculine faces, figures, and manners.
In transplanting brains to an alien soil God leaves a little of the
original earth clinging to the roots.

The heels of Detection are sore from the toes of Remorse.

Twice we see Paradise. In youth we name it Life; in age, Youth.

There are but ten Commandments, true, But that's no hardship, friend,
to you; The unmentioned sins that tax your wit You 're not commanded to
commit.

Fear of the darkness is more than an inherited superstition--it is at
night, mostly, that the king thinks.

A chain is only as strong as its weakest link, but a multitude is as
wise as its wisest member if it obeys him.


     "Who art thou?" said Mercy.
     "Revenge, the father of Justice."
     "Thou wearest thy son's clothing."
     "One must be clad."
     "Farewell--I go to attend thy son."
     "Thou wilt find him hiding in yonder jungle."


    When God had finished this terrestrial frame
    And all things else, with or without a name,
    The nothing that remained within his hand
    Said: "Make me into something fine and grand,
    Thine angels to amuse and entertain."

God heard and made it into human brain.

If you wish to slay your enemy make haste, O make haste, for already
Nature's knife is at his throat and yours.

To most persons a sense of obligation is insupportable; beware upon whom
you inflict it.


     Bear me, good oceans, to some isle
     Where I may never fear
     The snake alurk in woman's smile,
     The tiger in her tear.
     Yet bear not with me one, O deeps,
     Who never smiles and never weeps.

The ninety-and-nine who most loudly demand opportunity most bitterly
revile the one who has made good use of it.

Life and Death threw dice for a child.

"I win!" cried Life.

"True," said Death, "but you need a nimbler tongue to proclaim your
luck. The child is already dead of age."


     How blind is he who, powerless to discern
     The glories that about his pathway burn,
     Walks unaware the avenues of Dream,
     Nor sees the domes of Paradise agleam!
     O Golden Age, to him more nobly planned
     Thy light lies ever upon sea and land.
     From sordid scenes he lifts his soul at will,
     And sees a Grecian god on every hill!

In childhood we expect, in youth demand, in manhood hope, and in age
beseech.

EPITAPH, n. An inscription on a tomb, showing that virtues acquired by
death have a retroactive effect. Following is a touching example:


     Here lie the bones of Parson Platt,
     Wise, pious, humble, and all that,
     Who showed us life as all should live it;
     Let that be said--and God forgive it!

ERUDITION, n. Dust shaken out of a book into an empty skull.


     So wide his erudition's mighty span,
     He knew by heart the laws of God and man,
     And only came by accident to grief
     He thought, poor man, 't was right to be a thief,

     Romach Pute.

ESOPHAGUS, n. That part of the alimentary canal that lies between
pleasure and business.

ESOTERIC, adj. Very particularly abstruse and consummately occult.
The ancient philosophies were of two kinds,--exoteric, those that the
philosophers themselves could partly understand, and esoteric, those
that nobody could understand. It is the latter that have most profoundly
affected modern thought and found greatest acceptance in our time.

ESSENTIAL, adj. Pertaining to the essence, or that which determines the
distinctive character of a thing. Persons who, because they do not know
the English language, are driven to the unprofitable vocation of
writing for American newspapers, commonly use this word in the sense of
necessary, as, "April rains are essential to June harvests."

ETHNOLOGY, n. The science that treats of the various tribes of Man, as
robbers, thieves, swindlers, dunces, lunatics, idiots, and ethnologists.

EUCHARIST, n. A sacred feast of the religious sect of Theophagi.

A dispute once unhappily arose among the members of this sect as to what
it was that they ate. In this controversy some five hundred thousand
have already been slain, and the question is still unsettled.

EULOGY, n. Praise of a person who has either the advantages of wealth
and power, or the consideration to be dead.

EVANGELIST, n. A bearer of good tidings, particularly (in a religious
sense) such as assure us of our own salvation, and the damnation of our
neighbors.

EVERLASTING, adj. Lasting forever. It is with no small diffidence that
I venture to offer this brief and elementary definition, for I am not
unaware of the existence of a bulky volume by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Sprowle,
sometime Bishop of Worcester, entitled, A Partial Definition of the Word
"Everlasting" as Used in the Authorised Version of the Holy Scriptures.
His book was once esteemed of great authority in the Anglican Church,
and is still, I understand, studied with pleasure to the mind and profit
to the soul.

EXCEPTION, n. A thing which takes the liberty to differ from other
things of its class, as an honest man, a truthful woman, etc. "The
exception proves the rule" is an expression constantly upon the lips of
the ignorant, who parrot it from one another with never a thought of
its absurdity. In the Latin, "Exceptio probat regulam" means that the
exception tests the rule, puts it to the proof, not confirms meaning
from this excellent dictum and substituted a contrary one of his own,
exerted an evil power which appears to be immortal.

EXCESS, n. In morals, an indulgence that enforces by appropriate
penalties the law of moderation.


     Hail high Excess!--especially in wine.
     To thee in worship do I bend the knee
     Who preach abstemiousness unto me--
     My skull thy pulpit, as my paunch thy shrine.
     Precept on precept, aye, and line on line,
     Could ne'er persuade so sweetly to agree
     With reason as thy touch, exact and free,
     Upon my forehead and along my spine.
     At thy command eschewing pleasure's cup,
     With the hot grape I warm no more my wit;
     When on thy stool of penitence I sit
     I'm quite converted, for I can't get up.
     Ungrateful he who afterward would falter
     To make new sacrifices at thine altar!

EXCOMMUNICATION, n.


     This "excommunication" is a word
     In speech ecclesiastical oft heard,
     And means the damning, with bell, book, and candle,
     Some sinner whose opinions are a scandal--
     A rite permitting Satan to enslave him
     Forever, and forbidding Christ to save him.

Gat Huckle,

EXECUTIVE, n. An officer of the Government whose duty it is to enforce
the wishes of the legislative power until such time as the judicial
department shall be pleased to pronounce them mischievous and of no
effect. Following is an extract from an old book entitled, "The Lunarian
Astonished."

-- Pfeiffer & Co., Boston, 1803:

"Lunarian: Then when your Congress has passed a law it goes directly to
the Supreme Court in order that it may at once be known whether it is
constitutional.

"Terrestrian: O no; it does not require the approval of the Supreme
Court until having perhaps been enforced for many years somebody objects
to its operation against himself--I mean his client. The President, if he
approves it, begins to execute it at once.

"Lunarian: Then the executive power is a part of the legislative. Do
your policemen also have to approve the local ordinances that they
enforce?

"Terrestrian: Not yet--at least not in their capacity of constables.
Generally speaking though, all laws require the approval of those whom
they are intended to restrain.

"Lunarian: Ah, I see. The death warrant is not valid until signed by the
murderer.

"Terrestrian: My friend, you put it too strongly; we are not so
consistent.

"Lunarian: But this system of maintaining an expensive judicial
machinery to pass upon the validity of laws only after they have long
been executed, and then only when brought before the court by some
private person--does it not cause great confusion?

"Terrestrian: It does.

"Lunarian: Why then should not your laws, previously to being executed,
be validated, not by the signature of your President, but by that of the
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

"Terrestrian: There is no precedent for any such course.

"Lunarian: Precedent? What is that?

"Terrestrian: It has been defined by five hundred lawyers in three
volumes each. So how can any one know?"

EXHORT, v. t. In religious affairs, to put the conscience of another
upon the spit and roast it to a nut-brown discomfort.

EXILE, n. One who serves his country by residing abroad, yet is not an
ambassador.

An English sea-captain being asked if he had read "The Exile of Erin,"
replied: "No, sir, but I should like to anchor on it." Years afterward,
when he had been hanged as a pirate after a career of unparalleled
atrocities, the following memorandum was found in the ship's log that he
had kept at the time of his reply:

"Aug. 3d, 1842. Made a joke on the ex-Isle of Erin. Coldly received. War
with the whole world!"

EXISTENCE, n.


     A transient, horrible, fantastic dream,
     Wherein is nothing yet all things do seem;
     From which we're wakened by a friendly nudge
     Of our bedfellow Death, and cry: "O fudge!"

EXPERIENCE, n. The wisdom that enables us to recognize as an undesirable
old acquaintance the folly that we have already embraced.


     To one who, journeying through night and fog,
     Is mired waist deep in an unwholesome bog,
     Experience, like the rising of the dawn,
     Shows him the path he never should have gone.

     Joel Frad Bink.

EXPOSTULATION, n. One of the many methods by which fools prefer to lose
their friends.

EXTINCTION, n. The raw material out of which theology created the future
state.









F

FAIRY, n. A creature, variously fashioned and endowed, that formerly
inhabited the meadows and forests. It was nocturnal in its habits, and
somewhat addicted to dancing and theft of children. The fairies are now
believed by naturalists to be extinct, though a clergyman of the Church
of England saw three near Colchester as lately as 1855, while passing
through a park after dining with the lord of the manor. The sight
greatly staggered him, and he was so affected that his account of it was
incoherent. In the year 1807 a troop of fairies visited a wood near Aix
and carried off the daughter of a peasant, who had been seen to enter
it with a bundle of clothing. The son of a wealthy bourgeois disappeared
about the same time, but afterward returned. He had seen the abduction
and been in pursuit of the fairies. Justinian Gaux, a writer of the
fourteenth century, avers that so great is the fairies' power of
transformation that he saw one change itself into two opposing armies
and fight a battle with great slaughter, and that the next day, after it
had resumed its original shape and gone away, there were seven hundred
bodies of the slain which the villagers had to bury. He does not say if
any of the wounded recovered. In the time of Henry III, of England,
a law was made which prescribed the death penalty for "Kyllynge,
wowndynge, or mamynge" a fairy, and it was universally respected.

FAITH, n. Belief without evidence in what is told by one who speaks
without knowledge of things without parallel.

FAMOUS, adj. Conspicuously miserable.


     Done to a turn on the iron, behold
     Him who to be famous aspired.

     Content? Well, his grill has a plating of gold,
     And his twistings are greatly admired.

     Hassan Brubuddy.

FASHION, n. A deity whom the wise ridicule, yet the discreet obey.


     A king there was who lost an eye
     In some excess of passion;
     And straight his courtiers all did try
     To follow the new fashion.

     Each dropped one eyelid when before
     The throne he ventured, thinking
     'T would please the king. That monarch swore
     He'd slay them all for winking.

     What should they do? They were not hot
     To hazard such disaster;
     They dared not close an eye--dared not
     See better than their master.

     Seeing them lacrymose and glum,
     A leech consoled the weepers:
     He spread small rags with liquid gum
     And covered half their peepers.

     The court all wore the stuff, the flame
     Of royal anger dying.
     That 's how court-plaster got its name
     Unless I'm greatly lying.

     Naramy Oof.

FEAST, n. A festival. A religious celebration signalized by gluttony and
drunkenness, frequently in honor of some holy person distinguished for
abstemiousness. In the Roman Catholic Church feasts are "movable" and
"immovable," but the celebrants are uniformly immovable until they are
full. In their earliest development these entertainments took the form
of feasts for the dead; such were held by the Greeks, under the name
of Nemeseia, by the Aztecs and Peruvians, as in modern times they are
popular with the Chinese; though it is believed that the ancient dead,
like the modern, were light eaters. Feasts on the dead are celebrated
with great éclat in Fiji. Among the many feasts of the Romans was the
Novemdiale, which was held, according to Livy, whenever stones fell from
heaven. Of all the feast days of the various Christian churches none
has any sanction in the gospel. Men make gods of their bellies, and then
these gods ordain festivals.

FELON, n. A person of greater enterprise than discretion, who in
embracing an opportunity has formed an unfortunate attachment.

FEMALE, n. One of the opposing, or unfair, sex.


     The Maker, at Creation's birth,
     With living things had stocked the earth.
     From elephants to bats and 'snails,
     They all were good, for all were males.
     But when the Devil came and saw
     He said: "By Thine eternal law
     Of growth, maturity, decay,
     These all must quickly pass away
     And leave untenanted the earth
     Unless Thou dost establish birth"--
     Then tucked his head beneath his wing
     To laugh--he had no sleeve--the thing
     With deviltry did so accord,
     That he'd suggested to the Lord.
     The Master pondered this advice,
     Then shook and threw the fateful dice
     Wherewith all matters here below
     Are ordered, and observed the throw;
     Then bent His head in awful state,
     Confirming the decree of Fate.
     From every part of earth anew
     The conscious dust consenting flew,
     While rivers from their courses rolled
     To make it plastic for the mould.
     Enough collected (but no more,
     For niggard Nature hoards her store)
     He kneaded it to flexile clay,
     While Nick unseen threw some away.
     And then the various forms He cast,
     Gross organs first and fine the last;
     No one at once evolved, but all
     By even touches grew and small
     Degrees advanced, till, shade by shade,
     To match all living things, He'd made
     Females, complete in all their parts
     Except (His clay gave out) the hearts.
     "No matter," Satan cried; "with speed
     I 'll fetch the very hearts they need"--
     So flew to Hell and soon brought back
     The number needed, in a sack.
     That night earth rang with sounds of strife--
     Ten million males had each a wife;
     That night sweet Peace her pinions spread
     O'er Hell--ten million devils dead!

     G.J.

FIB, n. A lie that has not cut its teeth. An habitual liar's nearest
approach to truth: the perigee of his eccentric orbit.


     When David said: "All men are liars," Dave,
     Himself a liar, fibbed like any thief.
     Perhaps he thought to weaken disbelief
     By proof that even himself was not a slave
     To Truth; though I suspect the aged knave
     Had been of all her servitors the chief
     Had he but known a fig's reluctant leaf
     Is more than e'er she wore on land or wave.
     No, David served not the Naked Truth when he
     Struck that sledge-hammer blow at all his race;
     Nor did he hit the nail upon the head:
     For reason shows that it could never be,
     And the facts contradict him to his face.
     Men are not liars all, for some are dead.

     Bartle Quinker.

FICKLENESS, n. The iterated satiety of an enterprising affection.

FIDDLE, n. An instrument to tickle human ears by friction of a horse's
tail on the entrails of a cat.


     To Rome said Nero: "If to smoke you turn
     I shall not cease to fiddle while you burn."
     To Nero Rome replied: "Pray do your worst,
     'T is my excuse that you were fiddling first."

     Orm Pludge.

FIDELITY, n. A virtue peculiar to those who are about to be betrayed.

FINANCE, n. The art or science of managing revenues and resources for
the best advantage of the manager. The pronunciation of this word with
the i long and the accent on the first syllable is one of America's most
precious discoveries and possessions.

FLAG, n. A colored rag borne above troops and hoisted on forts and
ships. It appears to serve the same purpose as certain signs that one
sees on vacant lots in London--"Rubbish may be shot here."

FLESH, n. The Second Person of the secular Trinity.

FLOP, v. Suddenly to change one's opinions and go over to another party.
The most notable flop on record was that of Saul of Tarsus, who has been
severely criticised by some of our partisan journals.

FLY-SPECK, The prototype of punctuation. It is observed by Garvinus
that the systems of punctuation in use by the various literary nations
depended originally upon the social habits and general diet of the flies
infesting the several countries. These creatures, which have always
been distinguished for a neighborly and companionable familiarity with
authors, liberally or niggardly embellish the manuscripts in process of
growth under the pen, according to their bodily habit, bringing out
the sense of the work by a species of interpretation superior to,
and independent of, the writer's powers. The "old masters" of
literature--that is to say, the early writers whose work is so esteemed
by later scribes and critics in the same language--never punctuated at
all, but worked right along free-handed, without that abruption of' the
thought which comes from the use of points. (We observe the same thing
in children to-day, whose usage in this particular is a striking and
beautiful instance of the law that the infancy of individuals reproduces
the methods and stages of development characterizing the infancy of
races.) In the work of these primitive scribes all the punctuation
is found, by the modern investigator with his optical instruments and
chemical tests, to have been inserted by the writers' ingenious and
serviceable collaborator, the common house-fly--Musca maledicta. In
transcribing these ancient MSS, for the purpose either of making the
work their own or preserving what they naturally regard as divine
revelations, later writers reverently and accurately copy whatever marks
they find upon the papyrus or parchment, to the unspeakable enhancement
of the lucidity of the thought and value of the work. Writers
contemporary with the copyists naturally avail themselves of the obvious
advantages of these marks in their own work, and with such assistance
as the flies of their own household may be willing to grant, frequently
rival and sometimes surpass the older compositions, in respect at
least of punctuation, which is no small glory. Fully to understand the
important services that flies perform to literature it is only
necessary to lay a page of some popular novelist alongside a saucer of
cream-and-molassess in a sunny room and observe "how the wit brightens
and the style refines" in accurate proportion to the duration of
exposure.

FOLLY, n. That "gift and faculty divine" whose creative and controlling
energy inspires Man's mind, guides his actions, and adorns his life.


     Folly! although Erasmus praised thee once
     In a thick volume, and all authors known,
     If not thy glory yet thy power have shown,
     Deign to take homage from thy son who hunts
     Through all thy maze his brothers, fool and dunce,
     Their lives to mend and to sustain his own,
     However feebly be his arrows thrown,
     Howe'er each hide the flying weapon blunts.

     All-Father Folly! be it mine to raise,
     With lusty lung, here on this western strand
     With all thine offspring thronged from every land,
     Thyself inspiring me, the song of praise.
     And if too weak, I 'll hire, to help me bawl,
     Dick Watson Gilder, gravest of us all.

     Aramis Loto Frope

FOOL, n. A person who pervades the domain of intellectual speculation
and diffuses himself through the channels of moral activity. He is
omnific, omniform, omnipercipient, omniscient, omnipotent. He it was who
invented letters, printing, the railroad, the steamboat, the telegraph,
the platitude, and the circle of the sciences. He created patriotism and
taught the nations war--founded theology, philosophy, law, medicine, and
San Francisco. He established monarchical and republican government.
He is from everlasting to everlasting--such as creation's dawn beheld he
fooleth now. In the morning of time he sang upon primitive hills, and
in the noonday of existence headed the procession of being. His
grandmotherly hand has warmly tucked-in the set sun of civilization, and
in the twilight he prepares Man's evening meal of milkand-morality and
turns down the covers of the universal grave. And after the rest of us
shall have retired for the night of eternal oblivion, he will sit up to
write a history of human civilization.

FORCE, n.


     "Force is but might," the teacher said--
     "That definition 's just."

     The boy said naught but thought instead,
     Remembering his pounded head:
     "Force is not might but must!"

FOREFINGER, n. The finger commonly used in pointing out two malefactors.

FOREORDINATION, n. This looks like an easy word to define, but when I
consider that pious and learned theologians have spent long lives in
explaining it, and written libraries to explain their explanations; when
I remember that nations have been divided and bloody battles caused
by the difference between foreordination and predestination, and that
millions of treasure have been expended in the effort to prove and
disprove its compatibility with freedom of the will and the efficacy of
prayer, praise, and a religious life,--recalling these awful facts in the
history of the word, I stand appalled before the mighty problem of
its signification, abase my spiritual eyes, fearing to contemplate its
portentous magnitude, reverently uncover and humbly refer it to His
Eminence Cardinal Gibbons and His Grace Bishop Potter.

FORGETFULNESS, n. A gift of God bestowed upon debtors in compensation
for their destitution of conscience.

FORK, n. An instrument used chiefly for the purpose of putting dead
animals into the mouth. Formerly the knife was employed for this
purpose, and by many worthy persons is still thought to have many
advantages over the other tool, which, however, they do not altogether
reject, but use to assist in charging the knife. The immunity of these
persons from swift and awful death is one of the most striking proofs of
God's mercy to those that hate Him.

FORMA PAUPERIS [Latin], n. In the character of a poor person--a method by
which a litigant without money for lawyers is considerately permitted to
lose his case.


     When Adam long ago in Cupid's awful court
     (For Cupid ruled ere Adam was invented)
     Sued for Eve's favor, says an ancient law report,
     He stood and pleaded unhabilimented.

     "You sue <i>in forma pauperis</i>, I see," Eve cried;
     "Actions can't here be that way prosecuted."
     So all poor Adam's motions coldly were denied:
     He went away--as he had come--nonsuited.

     G. J.

FRANKALMOIGNE, n. The tenure by which a religious corporation holds
lands on condition of praying for the soul of the donor. In mediaeval
times many of the wealthiest fraternities obtained their estates in this
simple and cheap manner, and once when Henry VIII of England sent an
officer to confiscate certain vast possessions which a fraternity of
monks held by frankalmoigne, "What!" said the Prior, "would your master
stay our benefactor's soul in Purgatory?" "Ay," said the officer,
coldly, "an ye will not pray him thence for naught he must e'en roast."
"But look you, my son," persisted the good man, "this act hath rank as
robbery of God!" "Nay, nay, good father, my master the king doth but
deliver Him from the manifold temptations of too great wealth."

FREEBOOTER, n. A conqueror in a small way of business, whose annexations
lack the sanctifying merit of magnitude.

FREEDOM, n. Exemption from the stress of authority in a beggarly
half dozen of restraint's infinite multitude of methods. A political
condition that every nation supposes itself to enjoy in practical
monopoly. Liberty. The distinction between freedom and liberty is not
accurately known; naturalists have never been able to find a living
specimen of either.


     Freedom, as every schoolboy knows,
     Once shrieked as Kosciusko fell;
     On every wind, indeed, that blows
     I hear her yell.

     She screams whenever monarchs meet,
     And parliaments as well,
     To bind the chains about her feet
     And toll her knell.

     And when the sovereign people cast
     The votes they cannot spell,
     Upon the lung-impested blast
     Her clamors swell.

     For all to whom the power's given
     To sway or to compel,
     Among themselves apportion heaven
     And give her hell.

     Blary O' Gary,

FREEMASONS, n. An order with secret rites, grotesque ceremonies, and
fantastic costumes, which, originating in the reign of Charles II, among
working artisans of London, has been joined successively by the dead of
past centuries in unbroken retrogression until now it embraces all
the generations of man on the hither side of Adam and is drumming up
distinguished recruits among the pre-Creational inhabitants of Chaos
and the Formless Void. The order was founded at different times by
Charlemagne, Julius Caesar, Cyrus, Solomon, Zoroaster, Confucius,
Thothmes, and Buddha. Its emblems and symbols have been found in the
Catacombs of Paris and Rome, on the stones of the Parthenon and the
Chinese Great Wall, among the temples of Karnak and Palmyra and in the
Egyptian Pyramids--always by a Freemason.

FRIENDLESS, adj. Having no favors to bestow. Destitute of fortune.
Addicted to utterance of truth and common sense.

FRIENDSHIP, n. A ship big enough to carry two in fair weather, but none
in foul.


     The sea was calm and the sky was blue;
     Merrily, merrily sailed we two.
     (High barometer maketh glad.)
     On the tipsy ship, with a dreadful shout,
     The tempest descended and we fell out.
     (O the walking is nasty bad!)

     Armit Huff Bettle.

FROG, n. An amphibious reptile with edible kickers. When young, this
creature is called a Mary wog or Thaddeuspole, and as such maintains
a tail, subsequently eschewed. The first mention of frogs in profane
literature is in Homer's narrative of the war between them and the mice.
Skeptical persons have doubted Homer's authorship of the work, but the
learned, ingenious, and industrious Dr. Schliemann has set the question
forever at rest by uncovering the bones of the slain frogs. One of the
forms of moral suasion by which Pharaoh was lobbied in favor of the
Israelites was a plague of frogs, but Pharaoh, who liked them fricasêe,
remarked, with truly oriental stoicism, that he could stand it as long
as the frogs and the Jews could; so the programme was changed. The frog
is a diligent songster, having a good voice but no ear. The libretto of
his favorite opera, as written by Aristophanes, is brief, simple, and
effective--"brekekex-koâx"; the music is apparently by that eminent
composer, Richard Wagner. Horses have a frog in each hoof-- a thoughtful
provision of nature, enabling them to jump.

FRYING-PAN, n. One part of the penal apparatus employed in that
hell-upon-earth, a woman's kitchen. The frying-pan was invented by
Calvin, and by him used in scrambling span-long infants that had died
without baptism; but observing one day the horrible torment of a
tramp who had incautiously pulled a fried babe from the waste-dump and
devoured it, it occurred to the great divine to rob death of its terrors
by introducing the frying-pan into every household in Geneva. Thence
it spread to all corners of the world, and has been of invaluable
assistance in the propagation of his sombre faith. The following lines
(said to be from the pen of His Grace Bishop Potter) seem to imply that
the usefulness of this utensil is not limited to this world; but as the
consequences of its employment in this life reach over into the life
to come, so also itself may be found on the other side, rewarding its
devotees:


     Old Nick was summoned to the skies.
     Said Peter: "Your intentions
     Are good, but you lack enterprise
     Concerning new inventions.

     "Now, broiling is an ancient plan
     Of torment, but I hear it
     Reported that the frying-pan
     Sears best the wicked spirit.

     "Go get one--fill it up with fat--
     Fry sinners brown and good in 't."
     "I know a trick worth two o' that,"
     Said Nick--"I 'll cook their food in't."

FUNERAL, n. A pageant whereby we attest our respect for the dead by
enriching the undertaker, and strengthen our grief by an expenditure
that deepens our groans and doubles our tears.


     The savage dies--they sacrifice a horse
     To bear to happy hunting-grounds the corse.
     Our friends expire--we make the money fly
     In hope their souls will chase it through the sky.

     Jex Wopley.

FUTURE, n. That period of time in which our affairs prosper, our friends
are true, and our happiness is assured.









Q

GALLOWS, n. A stage for the performance of miracle plays, in which the
leading actor is translated to heaven. In this country the gallows is
chiefly remarkable for the number of persons who escape it.


     Whether on the gallows high
     Or where blood flows the reddest.
     The noblest place for man to die--
     Is where he dies the deadest.

     Old Play.

GARGOYLE, n. A rain-spout projecting from the eaves of mediæval
buildings, commonly fashioned into a grotesque caricature of some
personal enemy of the architect or owner of the building. This was
especially the case in churches and ecclesiastical structures generally,
in which the gargoyles presented a perfect rogues' gallery of local
heretics and controversialists. Sometimes when a new dean and chapter
were installed the old gargoyles were removed and others substituted
having a closer relation to the private animosities of the new
incumbents.

GARTER, n. An elastic band intended to keep a woman from coming out of
her stockings and desolating the country. An order of merit established
by Edward III of England, and conferred upon persons who have
distinguished themselves in the royal favor.

GENEROUS, adj. Originally this word meant noble by birth and was rightly
applied to a great multitude of persons. It now means noble by nature,
and is taking a bit of a rest.

GENEALOGY, n. An account of one's descent from an ancestor who did not
particularly care to trace his own.

GENTEEL, adj. Refined, after the fashion of a gent.


     Observe with care, my son, the distinction I reveal:
     A gentleman is gentle and a gent genteel.
     Heed not the definitions your "Unabridged" presents,
     For dictionary makers are generally gents.

     G.J.

GEOGRAPHER, n. A chap who can tell you offhand the difference between
the outside of the world and the inside.


     Habeam, geographer of wide renown,
     Native of Abu-Keber's ancient town,
     In passing thence along the river Zam
     To the adjacent village of Xelam,
     Bewildered by the multitude of roads,
     Got lost, lived long on migratory toads,
     Then from exposure miserably died,
     And grateful travellers bewailed their guide.

     Henry Haukhorn.

GEOLOGY, n. The science of the earth's crust--to which, doubtless, will
be added that of its interior whenever a man shall come up garrulous
out of a well. The geological formations of the globe already noted are
catalogued thus: The Primary, or lower one, consists of rocks, bones of
mired mules, gaspipes, miners' tools, antique statues minus the nose,
Spanish doubloons, and ancestors. The Secondary is largely made up
of red worms and moles. The Tertiary comprises railway tracks, patent
pavements, grass, snakes, mouldy boots, beer bottles, tomato cans,
intoxicated citizens, garbage, anarchists, snap-dogs, and fools.

GHOST, n. The outward and visible sign of an inward fear.


     He saw a ghost.
     It occupied--that dismal thing!--
     The path that he was following.
     Before he 'd time to stop and fly,
     An earthquake trifled with the eye
     That saw a ghost.

     He fell as fall the early good;
     Unmoved that awful spectre stood.
     The stars that danced before his ken
     He wildly brushed away, and then
     He saw a post.

     Jared Macphester.

Accounting for the uncommon behavior of ghosts, Heine mentions
somebody's ingenious theory to the effect that they are as much afraid
of us as we of them. Not quite, if I may judge from such tables of
comparative speed as I am able to compile from memories of my own
experience.

There is one insuperable obstacle to a belief in ghosts. A ghost never
comes naked: he appears either in a winding-sheet or "in his habit as
he lived." To believe in him, then, is to believe that not only have the
dead the power to make themselves visible after there is nothing left of
them, but that the same extraordinary gift inheres in textile fabrics.
Supposing the products of the loom to have this ability, what object
would they have in exercising it? And why does not the apparition of a
suit of clothes sometimes walk abroad without a ghost in it? These be
riddles of significance. They reach away down and get a convulsive grasp
on the very tap-root of this flourishing faith.

GHOUL, n. A demon addicted to the reprehensible habit of devouring
the dead. The existence of ghouls has been disputed by that class
of controversialists who are more concerned to deprive the world of
comforting beliefs than give it anything good in their place, but nobody
now seriously denies it. In 1640 Father Seechi saw one in a cemetery
near Florence and frightened it away with the sign of the cross. He
describes it as gifted with several heads and an uncommon allowance of
limbs, and he saw it in more than one place at a time. The good man was
coming away from dinner at the time and explains that if he had not
been "heavy with eating" he would have seized the demon at all hazards.
Atholston relates that a ghoul was caught by some sturdy peasants in a
churchyard at Sudbury and ducked in a horsepond. (He appears to think
that so distinguished a criminal should have been ducked in a tank of
rose-water.) The water turned at once to blood "and so contynues unto
ys daye." The pond has since been bled with a ditch. As late as the
beginning of the last century a ghoul was cornered in the crypt of
the cathedral at Amiens and the whole population surrounded the place.
Twenty armed men with a priest at their head, bearing a crucifix,
entered and captured the ghoul, which, thinking to escape by the
stratagem, had transformed itself to the semblance of a well-known
citizen, but was nevertheless hanged, drawn and quartered in the midst
of hideous popular orgies. The citizen whose shape the demon had assumed
was so affected by the sinister occurrence that he never again showed
himself in Amiens and his fate remains a mystery.

GLUTTON, n. A person who escapes the evils of moderation by committing
dyspepsia.

GNOME, n. In North-European mythology, a dwarfish imp inhabiting the
interior parts of the earth and having special custody of mineral
treasures. Bjorsen, who died in 1765, says gnomes were common enough in
the southern parts of Sweden in his boyhood, and he frequently saw them
scampering on the hills in the evening twilight. Ludwig Binkerhoof saw
three as recently as 1792, in the Black Forest, and Sneddeker avers that
in 1803 they drove a party of miners out of a Silesian mine. Basing our
computations upon data supplied by these statements, we find that the
gnomes probably became extinct about 1640.

GNOSTICS, n. A sect of philosophers who tried to engineer a fusion
between the early Christians and the Platonists. The former would not
go into the caucus and the combination failed, greatly to the chagrin of
the fusion managers.

GNU, n. An animal of South Africa, which in its domesticated state
resembles a horse, a buffalo, and a stag. In its wild condition it is
something like a thunderbolt, an earthquake, and a cyclone.


     A hunter from Kew caught a distant view
     Of a peacefully meditative gnu,
     And he said: "I'll pursue, and my hands imbrue
     In its blood at a closer interview."
     But that beast did ensue and the hunter it threw
     O'er the top of a palm that adjacent grew;
     And he said as he flew: "It is well I withdrew
     Ere, losing my temper, I wickedly slew
     That really meritorious gnu."

     Jarn Leffer.

GOOD, adj. Sensible, madam, to the worth of this present writer. Alive,
sir, to the advantages of letting him alone.

GOOSE, n. A bird that supplies quills for writing. These, by some occult
process of nature, are penetrated and suffused with various degrees of
the bird's intellectual energies and emotional character, so that
when inked and drawn mechanically across paper by a person called an
"author," there results a very fair and accurate transcript of the
fowl's thought and feeling. The difference in geese, as discovered by
this ingenious method, is considerable: many are found to have only
trivial and insignificant powers, but some are seen to be very great
geese indeed.

GORGON, n.


     The Gorgon was a maiden bold
     Who turned to stone the Greeks of old
     Who looked upon her awful brow.
     We dig them out of ruins now,
     And swear that workmanship so bad
     Proves all the ancient sculptors mad.

GOUT, n. A physician's name for the rheumatism of a rich patient.

GRACES, n. Three beautiful goddesses, Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne,
who attended upon Venus, serving without salary. They were at no expense
for board and clothing, for they ate nothing to speak of and dressed
according to the weather, wearing whatever breeze happened to be
blowing.

GRAMMAR, n. A system of pitfalls thoughtfully prepared for the feet
of the self-made man, along the path by which he advances upon our
understanding.

GRAPE, n.


     Hail noble fruit!--by Homer sung,
     Anacreon and Khayyam;
     Thy praise is ever on the tongue
     Of better men than I am.

     The lyre my hand has never swept,
     The song I cannot offer:
     My humbler service pray accept--
     I 'll help to kill the scoffer.

     The water-drinkers and the cranks
     Who load their skins with liquor--
     I 'll gladly bare their belly-tanks
     And tap them with my sticker.

     Fill up, fill up, for wisdom cools
     When e'er we let the wine rest.
     Here's death to Prohibition's fools
     And every kind of vine-pest!

     Jamrach Holobom.

GRAPESHOT, n. An argument which the future is preparing in answer to the
demands of American Socialism.

GRAVE, n. A place in which the dead are laid to await the coming of the
medical student.


     Beside a lonely grave I stood--
     With brambles 't was encumbered;
     The winds were moaning in the wood,
     Unheard by him who slumbered.

     A rustic standing near, I said:
     "He cannot hear it blowing!"
     "'Course not," said he: "the feller's dead--
     He can't hear nowt that's going."

     "Too true," I said; "alas, too true--
     No sounds his sense can quicken!"
     "Well, Mister, wot is that to you?--
     The deadster ain't a kickin'."

     I knelt and prayed: "O Father smile
     On him, and mercy show him!"
     That countryman looked on the while,
     And said: "Ye did n't know him."

     Pobeter Dunk.

GRAVITATION, n. The tendency of all bodies to approach one another with
a strength proportioned to the quantity of matter they contain-- the
quantity of matter they contain being ascertained by the strength of
their tendency to approach one another. This is a lovely and edifying
illustration of how science, having made A the proof of B, makes B the
proof of A.

GREAT, adj.


     "I'm great," the Lion said--"I reign
     The monarch of the wood and plain!"

     The Elephant replied: "I'm great--
     No quadruped can match my weight!"

     "I'm great--no animal has half
     So long a neck!" said the Giraffe.

     "I'm great," the Kangaroo said--"see
     My caudal muscularity!"

     The 'Possum said: "I'm great--behold,
     My tail is lithe and bald and cold!"

     An Oyster fried was understood
     To say: I'm great because I'm good!"

     Each reckons greatness to consist
     In that in which he heads the list,

     And Braywell thinks he tops his class
     Because he is the greatest ass.

     Arion Spurl Doke.

GUILLOTINE, n. A machine which makes a Frenchman shrug his shoulders
with good reason.

In his great work on Divergent Lines of Racial Evolution, the learned
and ingenious Professor Brayfugle argues from the prevalence of this
gesture--the shrug--among Frenchmen, that they are descended from turtles,
and it is simply a survival of the habit of retracting the head inside
the shell. It is with reluctance that I differ with so eminent an
authority, but in my judgment (as more elaborately set forth and
enforced in my work entitled Hereditary Emotions -- lib. II, c. XI) the
shrug is a poor foundation upon which to build so important a theory,
for previously to the Revolution the gesture was unknown. I have not
a doubt that it is directly referable to the terror inspired by the
guillotine during the period of that instrument's awful activity.

GUNPOWDER, n. An agency employed by civilized nations for the settlement
of disputes which might become troublesome if left unadjusted. By most
writers the invention of gunpowder is ascribed to the Chinese, but not
upon very convincing evidence. Milton says it was invented by the devil
to kill angels with, and this opinion seems to derive some support from
the scarcity of angels. Moreover, it has the hearty concurrence of the
Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. Secretary Wilson became
interested in gunpowder through an event that occurred on the Government
experimental farm in the District of Columbia. One day, some years
ago, some rogue, imperfectly reverent of his profound attainments and
personal character, presented him with a sack of gunpowder, representing
it as the seed of the Flashawful flabbergastor, a Patagonian cereal
of great commercial value, admirably adapted to this climate. The good
Secretary was instructed to spill it along in a furrow and afterward
inhume it with soil. This he at once proceeded to do, and had made a
continuous line of it all the way across a ten-acre field, when he was
made to look backward by a shout from the generous donor, who at once
dropped a lighted match into the furrow at the starting-point. Contact
with the earth had somewhat dampened the powder, but the startled
functionary saw himself pursued by a tall moving pillar of fire
and smoke in fierce evolution. He stood for a moment paralyzed and
speechless, then he recollected an engagement, and, dropping all,
absented himself thence with such surprising celerity that to the eyes
of spectators along the route selected he appeared like a long, dim
streak of farmer prolonging itself with inconceivable rapidity through
seven villages, and audibly refusing to be comforted. "Great Scott! what
is that?" cried a surveyor's chainman, shading his eyes and gazing at
the fading line of agriculturist which bisected his visible horizon.
"That," said the surveyor, carelessly, glancing at the phenomenon and
again centring his attention upon his instrument, "is the Meridian of
Washington."









H

HABEAS CORPUS. A writ by which a man may be taken out of jail and asked
how he likes it.

HABIT, n. A shackle for the free.

HADES, n. The lower world; the residence of departed spirits; the place
where the dead live.

Among the ancients the idea of Hades was not synonymous with our Hell,
many of the most respectable men of antiquity residing there in a very
comfortable kind of way. Indeed, the Elysian Fields themselves were a
part of Hades, though they have since been removed to Paris. When the
Jacobean version of the New Testament was in process of evolution the
pious and learned men engaged in the work insisted by a majority vote
on translating the Greek word "Hades" as "Hell"; but a conscientious
minority member secretly possessed himself of the record and struck out
the objectionable word wherever he could find it. At the next meeting,
the Bishop of Winchester, looking over the work, suddenly sprang to his
feet and said with considerable excitement: "Gentlemen, somebody has
been razing 'Hell' here!" Years afterwards the good prelate's death
was made sweet by the reflection that he had been the means (under
Providence) of making an important, serviceable, and immortal addition
to the phraseology of the English tongue.

HAG, n. An elderly lady whom you do not happen to like; sometimes
called, also, a hen, or cat. Old witches, sorceresses, etc., were called
hags from the belief that their heads were surrounded by a kind of
baleful lumination or nimbus--hag being the popular name of that peculiar
electrical light sometimes observed in the hair. At one time hag was
not a word of reproach: Drayton speaks of a "beautiful hag, all smiles,"
much as Shakespeare said, "sweet wench." It would not now be proper
to call your sweetheart a hag--that pleasure is reserved for her
grandchildren.

HALF, n. One of two equal parts into which a thing may be divided, or
considered as divided. In the fourteenth century a heated discussion
arose among the theologists and philosophers as to whether Omniscience
could part an object into three halves; and the pious Father Aldrovinus
publicly prayed in the cathedral at Rouen that God would demonstrate the
affirmative of the proposition in some signal and unmistakable way,
and particularly (if it should please Him) upon the body of that hardy
blasphemer, Manutius Procinus, who maintained the negative. Procinus,
however, was spared to die of the bite of a viper.

HALO, n. Properly, a luminous ring encircling an astronomical body,
but not infrequently confounded with "aureola," or "nimbus," a somewhat
similar phenomenon worn as a head-dress by divinities and saints. The
halo is a purely optical illusion, produced by moisture in the air,
in the manner of a rainbow; but the aureola is conferred as a sign of
superior sanctity, in the same way as a bishop's mitre, or the Pope's
tiara. In the painting of the Nativity, by Szedgkin, a pious artist of
Pesth, not only do the Virgin and the Child wear the nimbus, but an ass
nibbling hay from the sacred manger is similarly decorated and, to his
lasting honor be it said, appears to bear his unaccustomed dignity with
a truly saintly grace.

HAND, n. A singular instrument worn at the end of the human arm and
commonly thrust into somebody's pocket.

HANDKERCHIEF, n. A small square of silk or linen, used in various
ignoble offices about the face and especially serviceable at funerals to
conceal the lack of tears. The handkerchief is of recent invention; our
ancestors knew nothing of it and intrusted its duties to the sleeve.
Shakespeare's introducing it into the play of "Othello" is an
anachronism: Desdamona dried her nose with her coat-tails as Dr. Mary
Walker and other reformers have done in our own day--an evidence that
revolutions sometimes go backward.

HANGMAN, n. An officer of the law charged with duties of the highest
dignity and utmost gravity, and held in hereditary disesteem by a
populace having a criminal ancestry. In some of the American States his
functions are now performed by an electrician, as in New Jersey, where
executions by electricity have recently been ordered--the first instance
known to this lexicographer of anybody questioning the expediency of
hanging Jersey men.

HAPPINESS, n. An agreeble sensation arising from contemplating the
misery of another.

HARANGUE, n. A speech by an opponent, who is known as an harangoutang.

HARBOR, n. A place where ships taking shelter from storms are exposed to
the fury of the customs.

HARMONISTS, n. A sect of Protestants, now extinct, who came from Europe
in the beginning of the last century and were distinguished for the
bitterness of their internal controversies and dissensions.

HASH, x. There is no definition for this word--nobody knows what hash is.

HATCHET, n. A young axe, known among Indians as a Thomashawk.


     "O bury the hatchet, irascible Red,
     For peace is a blessing," the White Man said.
     The Savage concurred, and that weapon
     interred,
     With imposing rites, in the White Man's head.

     John Lukkus.

HATRED, n. The sentiment appropriate to the occasion of another's
success or superiority.

HEAD-MONEY, n. A capitation or polltax.


     In ancient times there lived a king
     Whose tax-collectors could not wring
     From all his subjects gold enough
     To make the royal way less rough.
     For pleasure's highway, like the dames
     Whose premises adjoin it, claims
     Perpetual repairing. So
     The tax-collectors in a row
     Appeared before the throne to pray
     Their master to devise some way
     To swell the revenue. "So great,"
     Said they, "are the demands of state
     A tithe of all that we collect
     Will scarcely meet them. Pray reflect:
     How, if one-tenth we must resign,
     Can we exist on t'other nine?"
     The monarch asked them in reply:
     "Has it occurred to you to try
     The advantage of economy?"
     "It has," the spokesman said: "we sold
     All of our gay garrotes of gold;
     With plated-ware we now compress
     The necks of those whom we assess.
     Plain iron forceps we employ
     To mitigate the miser's joy
     Who hoards, with greed that never tires,
     That which your Majesty requires."
     Deep lines of thought were seen to plow
     Their way across the royal brow.
     "Your state is desperate, no question;
     Pray favor me with a suggestion."
     "O King of Men," the spokesman said,
     "If you 'll impose upon each head
     A tax, the augmented revenue
     We 'll cheerfully divide with you."
     As flashes of the sun illume
     The parted storm-cloud's sullen gloom,
     The king smiled grimly. "I decree
     That it be so--and, not to be
     In generosity outdone,
     Declare you, each and every one,
     Exempted from the operation
     Of this new law of capitation.
     But lest the people censure me
     Because they 're bound and you are free,
     'T were well some clever scheme were laid
     By you this poll-tax to evade.
     I 'll leave you now while you confer
     With my most trusted minister."
     The monarch from the throne-room walked
     And straightway in among them stalked
     A silent man, with brow concealed,
     Bare-armed--his gleaming axe revealed!

     G. J.

HEARSE, n. Death's baby-carriage.

HEART, n. An automatic, muscular blood-pump. Figuratively, this useful
organ is said to be the seat of emotions and sentiments--a very pretty
fancy which, however, is nothing but a survival of a once universal
belief. It is now known that the sentiments and emotions reside in
the stomach, being evolved from food by chemical action of the gastric
fluid. The exact process by which a beefsteak becomes a feeling--tender
or not, according to the age of the animal from which it was cut; the
successive stages of elaboration through which a caviare sandwich is
transmuted to a quaint fancy and reappears as a pungent epigram; the
marvellous functional methods of converting a hard-boiled egg into
religious contrition, or a cream-puff into a sigh of sensibility--these
things have been patiently ascertained by M. Pasteur, and by him
expounded with convincing lucidity. (See, also, my monograph on "The
Essential Identity of the Spiritual Affections and Certain Intestinal
Gases Freed in Digestion"--4to, 687 pp.) In a scientific work entitled,
I believe, Delectatio Demonorum (John Camden Hotten, London, 1873) this
view of the sentiments receives a striking illustration and support in
the author's account of an experiment made with a view to testing it.
The stomach of a man who had died of a surfeit of turkey on Thanksgiving
Day was removed and kept tightly closed until it was greatly distended
with the gases produced by digestion. The compression on the neck of
it being then relaxed, the words, "Praise God from whom all blessings
flow!" were heard with distinct articulation, as the swollen organ
collapsed. It is nonsense to ignore, belittle, pervert or deny the
significance of a fact like that. For further light upon this subject,
consult Professor Dam's famous treatise on "Love as a product of
Alimentary Maceration."

HEAT, n.


     Heat, says Professor Tyndall, is a mode
     Of motion, but I know now how he's proving
     His point; but this I know--hot words bestowed
     With skill will set the human fist a-moving,
     And where it stops the stars burn free and wild.
     Trust an eye-witness--I've been there, my child.

     Gorton Swope.

HEATHEN, n. A benighted creature who has the folly to worship something
that he can see and feel. According to Professor Howison, of the
California State University, Hebrews are heathens.


     "The Hebrews are heathens!" says Howison.
     He 's
     A Christian philosopher. I'm
     A scurril agnostical chap, if you please,
     Addicted too much to the crime
     Of religious discussion in rhyme.

     Though Hebrew and Howison cannot agree
     On a modus vivendi--not they!--
     Yet Heaven has had the designing of me,
     And I have n't been built in a way
     To joy in the thick of the fray.

     For this of my creed is the soul and the gist,
     And the truth of it I aver:
     Who differs from me in his faith is an 'ist,
     An 'ite, an 'ic, and an 'er     And I 'm down upon him or her!

     Let Howison urge with perfunctory chin
     Toleration--that's all very well,
     But a roast is "nuts" to his nostril thin,
     And he's running--I know by the smell--
     A secret, particular hell!

     Bissell Gip.

HEAVEN, n. A place where the wicked cease from troubling you with talk
of their personal affairs, and the good listen with attention while you
expound your own.

HEBREW, n. A male Jew, as distinguished from the Shebrew, an altogether
superior creation.

HELPMATE, n. A wife, or bitter half.


     "Now, why is yer wife called a helpmate, Pat?"
     Says the priest. "Since the time o' yer wooin'
     She 's niver assisted in what ye were at--
     For it 's naught ye are ever doin'."
     "That 's true of yer Riverence," Patrick replies,
     And no sign of contrition evinces;
     "But, bedad, it 's a fact which the word implies,
     For she helps to mate the expinses!"

     Marley Wottel.

HEMP, n. A plant from whose fibrous bark is made an article of neckwear
which is frequently put on after public speaking in the open air and
prevents the wearer from taking cold.

HERMIT, n. A person whose vices and follies are not sociable.

HERS, pron. His.

HIBERNATE, v. To pass the winter season in domestic seclusion. There
have been many singular popular notions about the hibernation of various
animals. Many believe that the bear hibernates during the whole winter
and subsists by mechanically sucking its paws. It is admitted that it
comes out of its retirement in the spring so lean that it has to try
twice before it can cast a shadow. Three or four centuries ago, in
England, no fact was better attested than that swallows passed the
winter months in the mud at the bottoms of the brooks, clinging together
in globular masses. They have apparently been compelled to give up
the custom on account of the foulness of the brooks. Sotus Escobius
discovered in Central Asia a whole nation of people who hibernated.
By some investigators, the fasting of Lent is supposed to have been
originally a modified form of hibernation, to which the Church gave a
religious significance; but this view is strenuously opposed by that
eminent authority, Bishop Kip, who does not wish any honors denied to
the memory of the Founder of his family.

HIPPOGRIFF, n. An animal (now extinct) which was half horse and half
griffin. The griffin was itself a compound creature, half lion and half
eagle. The hippogriff was therefore one quarter eagle, which is two
dollars and fifty cents in gold. The study of natural history is full of
surprises.

HISTORIAN, n. A broad-gauge gossip.

HISTORY, n. An account, mostly false, of events, mostly unimportant,
which are brought about by rulers, mostly knaves, and soldiers, mostly
fools.


     Of Roman history, great Niebuhr's shown
     'T is nine-tenths lying. Faith, I wish 't were
     known,
     Ere we accept great Niebuhr as a guide,
     Wherein he blundered and how much he lied.

     Solder Bupp.

HOG, n. A bird remarkable for the catholicity of its appetite and
serving to illustrate that of ours. Among the Mahometans and Jews, the
hog is not in favor as an article of diet, but is respected for the
delicacy of its habits, the beauty of its plumage, and the melody of its
voice. It is chiefly as a songster that the fowl is esteemed; a cage
of him in full chorus has been known to draw tears from two persons at
once. The scientific name of this dicky-bird is Porcus Rockefelleri. Mr.
Rockefeller did not discover the hog, but it is considered his by right
of resemblance.

HOMOEOPATHIST, n. The humorist of the medical profession.

HOMOEOPATHY, n. A school of medicine midway between Allopathy and
Christian Science. To the last both the others are distinctly inferior,
for Christian Science will cure imaginary diseases and they can not.

HOMICIDE, n. The slaying of one human being by another. There are four
kinds of homicide: felonious, excusable, justifiable, and praiseworthy,
but it makes no great difference to the person slain whether he fell by
one kind or another--the classification is for advantage of the lawyers.

HOMILETICS, n. The science of adapting sermons to the spiritual needs,
capacities, and conditions of the congregation.


     So skilled the parson was in homiletics
     That all his moral purges and emetics
     To medicine the spirit were compounded
     With a most just discrimination, founded
     Upon a rigorous examination
     Of tongue and pulse and heart and respiration.
     Then, having diagnosed each one's condition,
     His scriptural specifics this physician
     Administered--his pills so efficacious
     And pukes of disposition so vivacious
     That souls afflicted with ten kinds of Adam
     Were convalescent ere they knew they had 'em.
     But Slander's tongue--itself all coated--uttered
     Her bilious mind and scandalously muttered
     That in the case of patients having money
     The pills were sugar and the pukes were honey.

     Biography of Bishop Potter,

HONORABLE, adj. Afflicted with an impediment in one's reach. In
legislative bodies it is customary to mention all members as honorable;
as, "the honorable gentleman is a scurvy cur."

HOPE, n. Desire and expectation rolled into one.


     Delicious Hope! when naught to man is left--
     Of fortune destitute, of friends bereft;
     When even his dog deserts him, and his goat
     With tranquil disaffection chews his coat
     While yet it hangs upon his back; then thou,
     The star far-flaming on thine angel brow,
     Descendest, radiant, from the skies to hint
     The promise of a clerkship in the Mint.

     Fogarty Weffing.

HOSPITALITY, n. The virtue which induces us to lodge and feed certain
persons who are not in want of food and lodging.

HOSTILITY, n. A peculiarly sharp and specially applied sense of the
earth's overpopulation. Hostility is classed as active and passive; as
(respectively) the feeling of a woman for her female friends, and that
which she entertains for all the rest of her sex.

HOURI, n. A comely female inhabiting the Mohammedan Paradise to make
things cheery for the good musselman, whose belief in her existence
marks a noble discontent with his earthly spouse, whom he denies a soul.
By that good lady the Houris are said to be held in deficient esteem.

HOUSE, n. A hollow edifice erected for the habitation of man, rat,
mouse, beetle, cockroach, fly, mosquito, flea, bacillus, and microbe.
House of Correction, a place of reward for political and personal
service, and for the detention of appropriations and offenders. House
of God, a building with a steeple and a mortgage on it. House-dog, a
pestilent beast kept on domestic premises to insult persons passing
by and appal the hardy visitor. House-maid, a youngerly person of the
opposing sex employed to be variously disagreeable and ingeniously
unclean in the station in which it has pleased God to place her.

HOUSELESS, adj. Having paid all taxes on household goods.

HOVEL, n. The fruit of a flower called the Palace.


     Twaddle had a hovel,
     Twiddle had a palace;
     Twaddle said: "I'll grovel
     Or he 'll think I bear him malice
     A sentiment as novel
     As a chimney on a chalice.

     Down upon the middle
     Of his legs fell Twaddle
     And astonished Mr. Twiddle,
     Who began to lift his noddle,
     Feed upon the fiddle     Faddle flummery, unswaddle
     A new-born self-sufficiency and thine himself
     a model.

     G.J.

HUMANITY, n. The human race, collectively, exclusive of the anthropoid
poets.

HUMORIST, n. A plague that would have softened down the hoar austerity
of Pharaoh's heart and persuaded him to dismiss Israel with his best
wishes, cat-quick.


     Lo! the poor humorist, whose tortured mind
     Sees jokes in crowds, though still to gloom
     inclined--
     Whose simple appetite, untaught to stray,
     His brains, renewed by night, consumes by day.
     He thinks, admitted to an equal sty,
     A graceful hog would bear his company.

     Alexander Poke.

HURRICANE, n. An atmospheric demonstration once very common but now
generally abandoned for the tornado and cyclone. The hurricane is
still in popular use in the West Indies and is preferred by certain
oldfashioned sea-captains. It is also used in the construction of the
upper decks of steamboats, but generally speaking, the hurricane's
usefulness has outlasted it.

HURRY, n. The dispatch of bunglers.

HUSBAND, n. One who, having dined, is charged with the care of the
plate.

HYBRID, n. A pooled issue.

HYDRA, n. A kind of animal that the ancients catalogued under many
heads.

HYENA, n. A beast held in reverence by some oriental nations from its
habit of frequenting at night the burial-places of the dead. But the
observant medical student loathes the creature, for he knows why it goes
to the graveyard. He has met it there.

HYPOCHONDRIASIS, n. Depression of one's own spirits.


     Some heaps of trash upon a vacant lot
     Where long the village rubbish had been shot
     Displayed a sign among the stuff and stumps--
     "Hypochondriasis." It meant The Dumps.

     Bogul S, Purvy.

HYPOCRITE, n. One who, professing virtues that he does not respect,
secures the advantage of seeming to be what he despises.









I

I is the first letter of the alphabet, the first word of the language,
the first thought of the mind, the first object of affection. In grammar
it is a pronoun of the first person and singular number. Its plural is
said to be We, but how there can be more than one myself is doubtless
clearer to the grammarians than it is to the author of this incomparable
dictionary. Conception of two myselves is difficult, but fine. The frank
yet graceful use of "I" distinguishes a good writer from a bad; the
latter carries it with the demeanor of the Impenitent Thief packing his
cross up Calvary.

ICHOR, n. A fluid that served the gods and goddesses in place of blood.


     Fair Venus, speared by Diomed,
     Restrained the raging chief and said:
     "Behold, rash mortal, whom you 've bled--
     Your soul's stained white with ichorshed!"

     Mary Doke.

ICONOCLAST, n. A breaker of idols, the worshippers whereof are
imperfectly gratified by the performance, and most strenuously protest
that he unbuildeth but doth not reëdify, that he teareth down but pileth
not up. For the poor things would have other idols in place of those he
thwacketh upon the mazzard and dispelleth. But the iconoclast saith:
"Ye shall have none at all, for ye need them not; and if the rebuilder
fooleth round hereabout, behold I will depress the head of him and sit
thereon till he squawk it."

IDIOT, n. A member of a large and powerful tribe whose influence in
human affairs has always been dominant and controlling. The Idiot's
activity is not confined to any special field of thought or action, but
"pervades and regulates the whole." He has the last word in everything;
his decision is unappealable. He sets the fashions of opinion and taste,
dictates the limitations of speech and circumscribes conduct with a
deadline.

IDLENESS, n. A model farm where the devil experiments with seeds of new
sins and promotes the growth of untried vices.

IGNORAMUS, n. A person unacquainted with certain kinds of knowledge
familiar to yourself, and having certain other kinds that you know
nothing about.


     Dumble was an ignoramus,
     Mumble was for learning famous.
     Mumble said one day to Dumble:
     "Ignorance should be more humble.
     Not a spark have you of knowledge
     That was got in any college."

     Dumble said to Mumble: "Truly
     You 're self-satisfied unduly.
     Of things in college I 'm denied
     A knowledge--you of all outside."

     Borellu

ILLUMINATI, n. A sect of Spanish heretics of the latter part of
the sixteenth century; so called because they were light
weights--cunctationes illuminati.

ILLUSTRIOUS, adj. Suitably placed for the shafts of malice, envy, and
detraction.

IMAGINATION, n. A warehouse of facts, with poet and liar in joint
ownership.

IMBECILITY, n. A kind of divine inspiration, or sacred fire, affecting
censorious critics of this dictionary.

IMMIGRANT, n. An unenlightened person who thinks one country better than
another.

IMMODEST, adj. Having a strong sense of one's own merit, coupled with a
feeble conception of worth in others.


     There'was once a man in Ispahan
     Ever and ever so long ago,
     And he had a head, the phrenologists said,
     That fitted him for a show.

     For his modesty's bump was so large a lump
     (Nature, they said, had taken a freak)
     That its summit stood far above the wood
     Of his hair, like a mountain peak.

     So modest a man in all Ispahan,
     Over and over again they swore--
     So humble and meek, you would vainly seek;
     None ever was found before.

     Meantime the hump of that awful bump
     Into the heavens contrived to get
     To so great a height that they called the wight
     The man with a minaret.

     There was n't a man in all Ispahan
     Prouder, or louder in praise of his chump:
     With a tireless tongue and a brazen lung
     He bragged of that beautiful bump

     Till the Shah in a rage sent a trusty page
     Bearing a sack and a bow-string too,
     And that gentle child explained as he smiled:
     "A little present for you."

     The saddest man in all Ispahan,
     Sniffed at the gift, yet accepted the same.
     "If I'd lived," said he, "my humility
     Had given me deathless fame!"

     Sukker Uffro.

IMMORAL, adj. Inexpedient. Whatever in the long run, and with regard to
the greater number of instances men find to be generally inexpedient,
comes to be considered wrong, wicked, immoral. If men's notions of
right and wrong have any other basis than this of expediency; if they
originated, or could have originated, in any other way; if actions have
in themselves a moral character apart from, and nowise dependent on,
their consequences--then all philosophy is a lie and reason a disorder of
the mind.

IMMORTALITY, n.


     A toy which people cry for,
     And on their knees apply for,
     Dispute, contend, and lie for,
     And if allowed
     Would be right proud
     Eternally to die for. G. J.

IMPALE, v. t. In popular usage to pierce with any weapon which remains
fixed in the wound. This, however, is inaccurate; to impale is,
properly, to put to death by thrusting an upright sharp stake into the
body, the victim being left in a sitting position. This was a common
mode of punishment among many of the nations of antiquity, and is still
in high favor in China and other parts of Asia. Down to the beginning of
the Fifteenth Century it was widely employed in churching heretics and
schismatics. Wolecraft calls it the "stoole of repentynge," and among
the common people it was jocularly known as "riding the one legged
horse." Ludwig Salzmann informs us that in Thibet impalement is
considered the most appropriate punishment for crimes against religion;
and although in China it is sometimes awarded to secular offences, it is
most frequently adjudged in cases of sacrilege. To the person in actual
experience of impalement it must be a matter of minor importance by
what kind of civil or religious dissent he was made acquainted with its
discomforts; but doubtless he would feel a certain satisfaction if able
to contemplate himself in the character of a weather-cock on the spire
of the True Church.

IMPARTIAL, adj. Unable to perceive any promise of personal advantage
from espousing either side of a controversy or adopting either of two
conflicting opinions.

IMPENITENCE, n. A state of mind intermediate in point of time between
sin and punishment.

IMPIETY, n. Your irreverence toward my deity.

IMPOSITION, n. The act of blessing or consecrating by the laying on of
hands--a ceremony common to many ecclesiastical systems, but performed
with the frankest sincerity by the sect known as Thieves.


     "Lo! by the laying on of hands,"
     Say parson, priest, and dervise,
     "We consecrate your cash and lands
     To ecclesiastic service.
     No doubt you 'll swear till all is blue
     At such an imposition. Do."

     Polio Doncas,

IMPOSTOR, n. A rival aspirant to public honors.

IMPROBABILITY, n.


     His tale he told with a solemn face
     And a tender, melancholy grace.
     Improbable't was, no doubt,
     When you came to think it out,
     But the fascinated crowd
     Their deep surprise avowed
     And all with a single voice averred
     'T was the most amazing thing they 'd heard--
     All save one who spake never a word,
     But sat as mum
     As if deaf and dumb,
     Serene, indifferent, and unstirred.
     Then all the others turned to him
     And scrutinized him limb from limb--
     Scanned him alive,
     But he seemed to thrive
     And tranquiler grow each minute,
     As if there were nothing in it.
     "What! what!" cried one, "are you not amazed
     At what our friend has told?" He raised
     Soberly then his eyes and gazed
     In a natural way
     And proceeded to say,
     As he crossed his feet on the mantel-shelf:
     "O no--not at all; I'ma liar myself."

IMPROVIDENCE, n. Provision for the needs of to-day from the revenues of
to-morrow.

IMPUNITY, n. Wealth.

INADMISSIBLE, adj. Not competent to be considered. Said of certain kinds
of testimony which juries are supposed to be unfit to be entrusted
with, and which judges, therefore, rule out, even of proceedings before
themselves alone. Hearsay evidence is inadmissible because the person
quoted was unsworn and is not before the court for examination; yet the
most momentous actions, military, political, commercial, and of every
other kind, are daily undertaken on hearsay evidence. There is no
religion in the world that has any other basis than hearsay evidence.
Revelation is hearsay evidence; that the Scriptures are the word of
God we have only the testimony of men long dead whose identity is not
clearly established and who are not known to have been sworn in any
sense. Under the rules of evidence as they now exist in this country, no
single assertion in the Bible has in its support any evidence admissible
in a court of law. It cannot be proved that the battle of Blenheim ever
was fought, that there was such a person as Julius Cæsar, such an empire
as Assyria. But as records of courts of justice are admissible, it can
easily be proved that powerful and malevolent magicians once existed
and were a scourge to mankind. The evidence (including confession)
upon which certain women were convicted of witchcraft and executed
was without a flaw; it is still absolutely unimpeachable. The judges'
decisions based on it were sound in logic and in law. Nothing in any
existing court was ever more thoroughly proved than the charges of
witchcraft and sorcery for which so many suffered death. If there are no
witches, human testimony and human reason are alike destitute of value.

INAUSPICIOUSLY, adv. In an unpromising manner, the auspices being
unfavorable. Among the Romans it was customary before undertaking any
important action or enterprise to obtain from the augurs, or state
prophets, some hint of its probable outcome; and one of their favorite
and most trustworthy modes of divination consisted in observing the
flight of birds----the omens thence derived being called auspices.
Newspaper reporters and certain miscreant lexicographers have
decided that the word--always in the plural--shall mean "patronage"
or "management"; as, "The festivities were under the auspices of the
Ancient and Honorable Order of Body-Snatchers"; or, "The hilarities were
auspicated by the Knights of Hunger."


     A Roman slave appeared one day
     Before the Augur. "Tell me, pray,
     If--" here the Augur, smiling, made
     A checking gesture and displayed
     His open palm, which plainly itched,
     For visibly its surface twitched.
     An <i>obolus</i> (the Latin nickel)
     Successfully allayed the tickle,
     And then the slave proceeded: "Please
     Inform me whether Fate decrees
     Success or failure in what I
     To-night (if it be dark) shall try.
     Its nature? Never mind--I think
     'T is writ on this"--and with a wink
     Which darkened half the earth, he drew
     Another <i>obolus</i> to view,
     Its brazen face attentive scanned,
     Then slipped it in the good man's hand,
     Who with great gravity said: "Wait
     While I retire to question Fate."
     That holy person then withdrew
     His sacred clay and passing through
     The temple's rearward gate, cried "Shoo!"
     Waving his robe of office. Straight
     Each sacred peacock and its mate
     (Maintained for Juno's favor) fled
     With clamor from the trees overhead,
     Where they were perching for the night.
     The temple's roof received their flight,
     For thither they would always go
     When danger threatened them below.
     Back to the slave the Augur went:
     "My son, forecasting the event
     By flight of birds, I must confess
     The auspices deny success."
     That slave retired, a sadder man,
     Abandoning his secret plan--
     Which was (as well the crafty seer
     Had from the first divined) to clear
     The wall and fraudulently seize
     On Juno's poultry in the trees.

     G. J.

INCOME, n. The natural and rational gauge and measure of respectability,
the commonly accepted standards being artificial, arbitrary, and
fallacious; for, as "Sir Sycophas Aureolater" in the play has justly
remarked, "the true use and function of property (in whatsoever it
consisteth--coins, or land, or houses, or merchant-stuff, or anything
which may be named as holden of right to one's own subservience) as
also of honors, titles, preferments, and place, and all favor and
acquaintance of persons of quality or ableness, are but to get money.
Hence it followeth that all things are truly to be rated as of worth
in measure of their serviceableness to that end; and their possessors
should take rank in agreement thereto, neither the lord of an
unproducing manor, howsoever broad and ancient, nor he who bears an
unremunerate dignity, nor yet the pauper favorite of a king, being
esteemed of level excellency with him whose riches are of daily
accretion; and hardly should they whose wealth is barren claim and
rightly take more honor than the poor and unworthy."

INCOMPATIBILITY, n. In matrimony a similarity of tastes, particularly
the taste for domination. Incompatibility may, however, consist of a
meekeyed matron living just around the corner. It has even been known to
wear a moustache.

INCOMPOSSIBLE, adj. Unable to exist if something else exists. Two things
are incompossible when the world of being has scope enough for one of
them, but not enough for both-- as the poet Gilder and God's mercy to
man. Incompossibility, it will be seen, is only incompatibility let
loose. Instead of such low language as "Go heel yourself--I mean to kill
you on sight," the words, "Sir, we are incompossible," would convey an
equally significant intimation, and in stately courtesy are altogether
superior.

INCUBUS, n. One of a race of highly improper demons who, though probably
not wholly extinct, may be said to have seen their best nights. For a
complete account of incubi and suecubi, including incuba and succuba,
see the Liber Demonorum of Protassus (Paris, 1328), which contains much
curious information that would be out of place in a dictionary intended
as a text-book for the public schools. Victor Hugo relates that in the
Channel Islands Satan himself--tempted more than elsewhere by the beauty
of the women, doubtless--sometimes plays at incubus, greatly to the
inconvenience and alarm of the good dames who wish to be loyal to their
marriage vows, generally speaking. A certain lady applied to the parish
priest to learn how they might, in the dark, distinguish the hardy
intruder from their husbands. The holy man said they must feel his brow
for horns; but Hugo is ungallant enough to hint a doubt of the efficacy
of the test.

INCUMBENT, n. A person of the liveliest interest to the outcumbents.

INDECISION, n. The chief element of success; "for whereas," saith Sir
Thomas Brewbold, "there is but one way to do nothing and divers ways
to do something, whereof, to a surety, only one is the right way, it
followeth that he who from indecision standeth still hath not so many
chances of going astray as he who pusheth forwards"--a most clear and
satisfactory exposition of the matter.

"Your prompt decision to attack," said Gen. Grant on a certain occasion
to Gen. Gordon Granger, "was admirable; you had but five minutes to make
up your mind in."

"Yes, sir," answered the victorious subordinate, "it is a great thing to
know exactly what to do in an emergency. When in doubt whether to attack
or retreat I never hesitate a moment--I toss up a copper."

"Do you mean to say that's what you did this time?"

"Yes, General; but for heaven's sake don't reprimand me: I disobeyed the
judgment."

INDIFFERENT, adj. Imperfectly sensible to distinctions among things.


     "You tiresome man!" cried Indolentio's wife,
     "You 've grown indifferent to all in life."
     "Indifferent?" he drawled with a slow smile;
     "I would be, dear, but it is not worth while."

     Apuleius M. Gokul,

INDIGESTION, n. A disease which the patient and his friends frequently
mistake for deep religious conviction and concern for the salvation of
mankind. As the simple Red Man of the western wild put it, with, it must
be confessed, a certain force: "Plenty well, no pray; big bellyache,
heap God."

INDISCRETION, n. The guilt of woman.

INEXPEDIENT, adj. Not calculated to advance one's interests.

INFANCY, n. The period of our lives when, according to Wordsworth,
"Heaven lies about us." The world begins lying about us pretty soon
afterward.

INFERÏÆ, [Latin.] n. Among the Greeks and Romans, sacrifices for
propitiation of the Dii Manes, or souls of dead heroes; for the pious
ancients could not invent enough gods to satisfy their spiritual needs,
and had to have a number of makeshift deities, or, as a sailor might
say, jury-gods, which they made out of the most unpromising materials.
It was while sacrificing a bullock to the spirit of Agamemnon that
Laiaides, a priest of Aulis, was favored with an audience of that
illustrious warrior's shade, who prophetically recounted to him the
birth of Christ and the triumph of Christianity, giving him also a
rapid but tolerably complete review of events down to the reign of
Saint Louis. The narrative ended abruptly at that point owing to the
inconsiderate crowing of a cock, which compelled the ghosted King of Men
to scamper back to Hades. There is a fine mediæval flavor to this story,
and as it has not been traced back further than Père Brateille, a pious
but obscure writer at the court of Saint Louis, we shall probably not
err on the side of presumption in considering it apocryphal, though
Monsignor Capels judgment of the matter might be different; and to that
I bow-wow.

INFIDEL, n. In New York, one who does not believe in the Christian
religion; in Constantinople, one who does. (See Giaour.) A kind of
scoundrel imperfectly reverent of, and niggardly contributory to,
divines, ecclesiastics, popes, parsons, canons, monks, mollahs, voodoos,
presbyters, hierophants, prelates, obeah-men, abbés, nuns, missionaries,
exhorters, deacons, friars, hadjis, high-priests, muezzins, brahmins,
medicine-men, confessors, eminences, elders, primates, prebendaries,
pilgrims, prophets, imaums, beneficiaries, clerks, vicars-choral,
archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, preachers, padres, abbotesses,
caloyers, palmers, curates, patriarchs, bonzes, santons, beadsmen,
canonesses, residentiaries, diocesans, deans, subdeans, rural
deans, abdals, charm-sellers, archdeacons, hierarchs, class-leaders,
incumbents, capitulars, sheiks, talapoins, postulants, scribes,
gooroos, precentors, beadles, fakeers, sextons, reverences, revivalists,
cenobites^ perpetual curates, chaplains, mudjoes, readers, novices,
vicars, pastors, rabbis, ulemas, lamas, sacristans, vergers, dervises,
lecturers, churchwardens, cardinals, prioresses, suffragans, acolytes,
rectors, curés, sophis, muftis, and pumpums.

INFLUENCE, n. In politics, a visionary quo given in exchange for a
substanstantial quid.

INFRALAPSARIAN, n. One who ventures to believe that Adam need not have
sinned unless he had a mind to -- in opposition to the Supralapsarians,
who hold that that luckless person's fall was decreed from the
beginning. Infralapsarians are sometimes called Sublapsarians without
material effect upon the importance and lucidity of their views about
Adam.


     Two theologues once, as they wended their way
     To chapel, engaged in colloquial fray--
     An earnest logomachy, bitter as gall,
     Concerning poor Adam and what made him fall.
     "'T was Predestination," cried one--"for the Lord
     Decreed he should fall of his own accord."

     "Not so--'t was Free will," the other maintained,
     "Which led him to choose what the Lord had
     ordained."

     So fierce and so fiery grew the debate
     That nothing but bloodshed their dudgeon could sate;
     So off flew their cassocks and caps to the ground
     And, moved by the spirit, their hands went round.
     Ere either had proved his theology right
     By winning, or even beginning, the fight,

     A gray old professor of Latin came by,
     A staff in his hand and a scowl in his eye,
     And learning the cause of their quarrel (for still
     As they clumsily sparred they disputed with skill
     Of foreordinational freedom of will)
     Cried: "Sirrahs! this reasonless warfare compose:
     Atwixt ye's no difference worthy of blows.

     The sects ye belong to--I 'm ready to swear
     Ye wrongly interpret the names that they bear.
     <i>You</i>--Infralapsarian son of a clown!--
     Should only contend that Adam slipped down;
     While <i>you</i>--you Supralapsarian pup!--
     Should nothing aver but that Adam slipped up."
     It 's all the same whether up or down
     You slip on a peel of banana brown;
     And Adam analyzed not his blunder
     But thought he had slipped on a peal of thunder!

     G. J.

INGRATE, n. One who receives a benefit from another, or is otherwise an
object of charity.


     "All men are ingrates," sneered the cynic.
     "Nay,"

     The good philanthropist replied;

     "I did great service to a man one day
     Who never since has cursed me to repay,

     Nor vilified."

     "Ho!" cried the cynic, "lead me to him
     straight--

     With veneration I am overcome,

     And fain would have his blessing." "Sad
     your fate--

     He cannot bless you, (for I grieve to state
     The man is dumb."

     Arel Selp

INJURY, n. An offense next in degree of enormity to a slight.

INJUSTICE, n. A burden which of all those that we load upon others and
carry ourselves is lightest in the hands and heaviest upon the back.

INK, n. A villainous compound of tannogalate of iron, gum-arabic, and
water, chiefly used to facilitate the infection of idiocy and
promote intellectual crime. The properties of ink are peculiar and
contradictory: it may be used to make reputations and unmake them;
to blacken them and to make them white; but it is most generally and
acceptably employed as a mortar to bind together the stones in an
edifice of fame, and as a whitewash to conceal afterward the rascal
quality of the material. There are men called journalists who have
established ink baths which some persons pay money to get into, others
to get out of. Not infrequently it occurs that a person who has paid to
get in pays twice as much to get out.

INNATE, adj. Natural; inherent--as, innate ideas, that is to say, ideas
that we are born with, having had them previously imparted to us.
The doctrine of innate ideas is one of the most admirable faiths of
philosophy, being itself an innate idea and therefore inaccessible to
disproof, though Locke foolishly supposed himself to have given it "a
black eye." Among innate ideas may be mentioned the belief in one's
ability to conduct a newspaper, in the greatness of one's country, in
the superiority of one's civilization, in the importance of one's
personal affairs and in the interesting nature of one's diseases.

IN'ARDS, n. The stomach, heart, soul, and other bowels. Many eminent
investigators do not class the soul as an in'ard, but that acute
observer and renowned authority, Dr. Gunsaulus, is persuaded that the
mysterious organ known as the spleen is nothing less than our immortal
part. To the contrary, Professor Garrett P. Serviss holds that man's
soul is that prolongation of his spinal marrow which forms the pith of
his no tail; and for demonstration of his faith points confidently
to the fact that tailed animals have no souls. Concerning these two
theories, it is best to suspend judgment by believing both.

INSCRIPTION, n. Something written on another thing. Inscriptions are
of many kinds, but mostly memorial, intended to commemorate the fame of
some illustrious person and hand down to distant ages the record of his
services and virtues. To this class of inscriptions belongs the name of
John Smith, pencilled on the Washington monument. Following are examples
of memorial inscriptions on tombstones:


     "In the sky my soul is found,
     And my body in the ground.
     By and by my body 'll rise
     To join my spirit in the skies,
     Soaring up to Heaven's gate.
     1878."

     "Sacred to the memory of Jeremiah Tree.
     Cut down May 9th, 1862, aged 27 yrs. 4 mos.
     and 12 ds. Indigenous."


     "Affliction sore long time she boar,
     Phisicians was in vain,
     Till Deth released the dear deceased
     And left her a remain.
     Gone to join Ananias and Saphiar in the regions of
     bliss."

     "The clay which rests beneath this stone
     As Silas Wood was widely known.
     Now, lying here, I ask what good
     It was to me to be S. Wood.
     O Man, let not ambition trouble you
     Is the advice of Silas W."

     "Richard Haymon, of Heaven, fell to Earth
     Jan. 20, 1807, and had the dust brushed off
     him Oct. 3, 1874."

INSECTIVORA, n.


     "See," cries the chorus of admiring preachers,
     "How Providence provides for all His creatures!"
     "His care," the gnat said, "even the insects
     follows:
     For us He has provided wrens and swallows."

     Sempen Railey.

INSURANCE, n. An ingenious modern game of chance in which the player is
permitted to enjoy the comfortable conviction that he is beating the man
who keeps the table.

Insurance Agent: My dear sir, that is a fine house--pray let me insure
it.

House Owner: With pleasure. Please make the annual premium so low that
by the time when, according to the tables of your actuary, it will
probably be destroyed by fire I will have paid you considerably less
than the face of the policy.

Insurance Agent: O dear, no--we could not afford to do that. We must fix
the premium so that you will have paid more.

House Owner: How, then, can I afford that?

Insurance Agent: Why, your house may burn down at any time. There was
Smith's house, for example, which-- House Owner: Spare me--there were
Brown's house, on the contrary, and Jones's house, and Robinson's house,
which--

Insurance Agent: Spare me!

House Owner: Let us understand each other. You want me to pay you money
on the supposition that something will occur previously to the time set
by yourself for its occurrence. In other words, you expect me to bet
that my house will not last so long as it will probably last.

Insurance Agent: But if your house burns without insurance it will be a
total loss.

House Owner: Beg your pardon-- by your own actuary's tables I shall
probably have saved, when it burns, all the premiums I would otherwise
have paid to you--amounting to more than the face of the policy they
would have bought. But suppose it to burn before the time upon which
your figures are based. If I could afford that, how could you?

Insurance Agent: Oh, we would make ourselves even from our luckier
ventures with other clients. Virtually, they pay your loss.

House Owner: And virtually, then, don't I help to pay their losses? Are
not their houses as likely as mine to burn before they have paid you as
much as you must pay them? The case stands this way: You expect to take
more money from your clients than you pay to them, do you not?

Insurance Agent: Certainly; if we did not--

House Owner: I would not trust you with my money unless you did
reference to the whole body of your clients, that they lose money on you
it is probable, with reference to any one of them, that he will. It is
these individual probabilities that make the aggregate certainty.

Insurance Agent: I will not deny it--but look at the figures in this
pamph--

House Owner: Heaven forbid! Insurance Agent: You spoke of saving the
premiums which you would otherwise pay to me. Will you not be more
likely to squander them? We offer you an incentive to thrift.

House Owner: The willingness of A to take care of B's money is not
peculiar to insurance, but as a charitable institution you command
esteem. Deign to accept its expression from a Deserving Object.

INSURRECTION, n. An unsuccessful revolution; disaffection's failure to
substitute misrule for bad government.

INTENTION, n. The mind's sense of the prevalence of one set of
influences over another set; an effect whose cause is the imminence,
immediate or remote, of the performance of an involuntary act.

INTERPRETER, n. One who enables two persons of different languages to
understand each other by repeating to each what it would have been to
the interpreter's advantage for the other to have said.

INTERREGNUM, n. The period during which a monarchical country is
governed by a warm spot on the cushion of the throne. The experiment of
letting the spot grow cold has commonly been attended by most unhappy
results from the zeal of many worthy persons to keep it warm.

INTIMACY, n. A relation into which fools are providentially drawn for
their mutual destruction.


     Two Seidlitz powders, one in blue
     And one in white, together drew,
     And having each a pleasant sense
     Of t' other powder's excellence,
     Forsook their jackets for the snug
     Enjoyment of a common mug.
     So close their intimacy grew
     One paper would have held the two.
     To confidences straight they fell,
     Less anxious each to hear than tell;
     Then each remorsefully confessed
     To all the virtues he possessed,
     Acknowledging he had them in
     So high degree it was a sin.
     The more they said, the more they felt
     Their spirits with emotion melt,
     Till tears in cataracts expressed
     Their feelings. Then they effervesced!

     So Nature executes her feats
     Of wrath on friends and sympathetes
     The good old rule who won't apply,
     That you are you and I am I.

INTRODUCTION, n. A social ceremony invented by the devil for the
gratification of his servants and the plaguing of his enemies. The
introduction attains in this country its most malevolent development,
being, indeed, closely related to our political system. Every American
being the equal of every other American, it follows that everybody has
the right to know everybody else, which implies the right to introduce
without request or permission. The Declaration of Independence should
have read thus:

"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created
nice and equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights; that among these are life, and the right to make
that of another miserable by thrusting upon him an incalculable quantity
of acquaintances; liberty, particularly the liberty to introduce persons
to one another without first ascertaining if they are not already
acquainted as enemies; and the pursuit of another's happiness with a
running pack of strangers."

INVENTOR, n. A person who makes an ingenious arrangement of wheels,
levers, and springs, and believes it civilization.

IRRELIGION, n. The principal one of the great faiths of the world.

ITCH, n. The patriotism of a Scotchman.









J

J is a consonant in English, but some nations use it as a vowel--than
which nothing could be more absurd. Its original form, which has been
but slightly modified, was that of the tail of a subdued dog, and it was
not a letter but a character, standing for the Latin verb jacere, "to
throw," because when a stone is thrown at a dog the dog's tail assumes
that shape. This is the origin of the letter, as expounded by the
learned and renowned Dr. Jocolpus Burner, of the University of Belgrade,
who established his conclusions on the subject in a work of three quarto
volumes and committed suicide on being reminded that the j in the Roman
alphabet had originally no curl.

JEALOUS, adj. Unduly concerned about the preservation of that which can
only be lost if not worth keeping.

JESTER, n. An officer formerly attached to a king's household, whose
business it was to amuse the court by ludicrous actions and utterances,
the absurdity being attested by his motley costume. The king himself
being attired with dignity, it took the world some centuries to discover
that his own conduct and decrees were sufficiently ridiculous for the
amusement not only of his court but of all mankind. The jester was
commonly called a fool, but the poets and romancers have ever delighted
to represent him as a singularly wise and witty person. In the circus
clown of to-day the melancholy ghost of the court fool effects the
dejection of humbler audiences with the same jests wherewith in life he
gloomed the marble hall, panged the patrician sense of humor and tapped
the tank of royal tears.


     The widow-queen of Portugal
     Had an audacious jester
     Who entered the confessional
     Disguised and there confessed her.

     "Father," she said, "thine ear bend down--
     My sins are more than scarlet:
     I love my fool--blaspheming clown,
     And common, base-born varlet."

     "Daughter," the mimic priest replied,
     "That sin, indeed, is awful:
     The church's pardon is denied
     To love that is unlawful.

     "But since thy stubborn heart will be
     For him forever pleading,
     Thou 'dst better make him, by decree,
     A man of birth and breeding."

     She made the fool a duke, in hope
     With Heaven's taboo to palter;
     Then told the priest, who told the pope,
     Who damned her from the altar!

     Barel Dort.

JEWS-HARP, n. An unmusical instrument, played by holding it fast with
the teeth and trying to brush it away with the finger.

JOSS-STICKS, n. Small sticks burned by the Chinese in their pagan
tomfoolery, in imitation of certain sacred rites of our holy religion.

JUSTICE, n. A commodity which in a more or less adulterated condition
the State sells to the citizen as a reward for his allegiance, taxes,
and personal service.









K

K is a consonant that we get from the Greeks, but it can be traced away
back beyond them to the Cerathians, a small commercial nation inhabiting
the peninsula of Smero. In their tongue it was called Klatch, which
means "destroyed." The form of the letter was originally precisely that
of our H, but the erudite and ingenious Dr. Snedeker explains that it
was altered to its present shape to commemorate the destruction of the
great temple of Jarute by an earthquake, circa 730 b. c. This building
was famous for the two lofty columns of its portico, one of which was
broken in half by the catastrophe, the other remaining intact. As the
earlier form of the letter is supposed to have been suggested by these
pillars, so, it is thought by the great antiquary, its later was
adopted as a simple and natural--not to say touching--means of keeping the
calamity ever in the national memory. It is not known if the name of the
letter was altered as an additional mnemonic, or if the name was always
Klatch and the destruction one of nature's puns. As each theory seems
probable enough, I see no objection to believing both-- and Dr. Snedeker
arrayed himself on that side of the question.

KEEP, v.


     He willed away his whole estate,
     And then in death he fell asleep,
     Murmuring: "Well, at any rate,
     My name unblemished I shall keep."

     But when upon the tomb't was wrought
     Whose was it?--for the dead keep naught.

     Durang Gopbel Am.

KILL, v. To create a vacancy without nominating a successor.

KILT, n. A costume affected by Scotchmen in America and Americans in
Scotland.

KINDNESS, n. A brief preface to ten volumes of exaction.

KING, n. A male person commonly known in America as a "crowned head,"
although he never wears a crown and has usually no head to speak of.


     A king, in times long, long gone by,
     Said to his lazy jester:
     "If I were you and you were I
     My moments merrily would fly--
     No care nor grief to pester."

     "The reason, Sire, that you would thrive,"
     The fool said--"if you 'll hear it--
     Is that of all the fools alive
     Who own you for their sovereign, I 've
     The most forgiving spirit."

     Oogum Bern.

KING'S EVIL, n. A malady that was formerly cured by the touch of the
sovereign, but has now to be treated by the physicians. Thus "the most
pious Edward" of England used to lay his royal hand upon his ailing
subjects and make them whole--


     "a crowd of wretched souls
     That stay his cure: their malady convinces
     The great essay of art; but at his touch,
     Such sanctity hath Heaven given his hand
     They presently amend,"

as the "Doctor" in Macbeth hath it. This useful property of the
royal hand could, it appears, be transmitted along with other crown
properties; for according to "Malcolm,"


     "'t is spoken,
     To the succeeding royalty he leaves
     The healing benediction."

But the gift somewhere dropped out of the line of succession: the later
sovereigns of England have not been tactual healers, and the disease
once honored with the name "king's evil" now bears the humbler one of
"scrofula," from scrofa, a sow. The date and author of the following
epigram are unknown, but it is old enough to show that the jest about
Scotland's national disorder is not a thing of yesterday.


     Ye Kynge his evill in me laye,
     Wh. he of Scottlande charmed awaye.
     He layde his hand on mine and sayd:
     "Be gone!" Ye ill no longer stayd.
     But O ye wofull plyght in wh.
     I 'm now y-pight: I have ye itche!

The superstition that maladies can be cured by royal taction is dead,
but like many a departed conviction it has left a monument of custom to
keep its memory green. The practice of forming in line and shaking the
President's hand had no other origin, and when that great dignitary
bestows his healing salutation on


     "strangely visited people,
     All sworn and ulcerous, pitiful to the eye,
     The mere despair of surgery,"

he and his patients are handing along an extinguished torch which once
was kindled at the altar-fire of a faith long held by all classes of
men. It is a beautiful and edifying "survival"--one which brings the
sainted past very close home to our "business and bosoms."

KISS, n. A word invented by the poets as a rhyme for "bliss." It is
supposed to signify, in a general way, some kind of rite or ceremony
appertaining to a good understanding; but the manner of its performance
is unknown to the author of this dictionary.

KLEPTOMANIAC, n. A rich thief.

KNIGHT, n.


     Once a warrior gentle of birth,
     Then a person of civic worth,
     Now a fellow to move our mirth.
     Warrior, person, and fellow--no more:
     We must knight our dogs to get any lower.
     Brave Knights Kennelers then shall be,
     Noble Knights of the Golden Flea,
     Knights of the Order of St. Steboy,
     Knights of St. Gorge and Knights of Jawy.
     God speed the day when this knighting fad
     Shall go to the dogs and the dogs go mad.

KORAN, n. A book which the Mohammedans foolishly believe to have been
written by divine inspiration, but which Christians know to be a wicked
imposture, contradictory to the Holy Scriptures.









L

LABOR, n. One of the processes by which A acquires property for B.

LACE, n. A delicate and costly textile fabric with which the female soul
is netted like a fish.


     The devil casting a seine of lace
     (With precious stones 't was weighted)
     Drew it in to the landing place
     And its contents calculated.

     All souls of women were in that sack--
     A draught miraculous, precious!
     But ere he could throw it across his back
     They 'd all escaped through the meshes.

     Baruch de Loppis.

LAND, n. A part of the earth's surface, considered as property. The
theory that land is property subject to private ownership and control
is the foundation of modern society, and is eminently worthy of the
superstructure. Carried to its logical conclusion, it means that some
have the right to prevent others from living; for the right to own
implies the right exclusively to occupy, and in fact laws of trespass
are enacted wherever property in land is recognized. It follows that if
the whole area of terra firma is owned by A, B, and C, there will be no
place for D, E, F, and G to be born on, or, being born as trespassers,
to exist on.


     A life on the ocean wave,
     A home on the rolling deep,
     For the spark that nature gave
     I have there the right to keep.

     They give me the cat-o'-nine
     Whenever I go ashore.
     Then ho! for the flashing brine--
     I'ma natural commodore!

     Dodle.

LANGUAGE, n. The music with which we charm the serpents guarding
another's treasure.

LAOCOÖN, n. A famous piece of antique sculpture representing a priest
of that name and his two sons in the folds of two enormous serpents. The
skill and diligence with which the old man and lads support the serpents
and keep them up to their work have been justly regarded as one of the
noblest artistic illustrations of the mastery of human intelligence over
brute inertia.

LAP, n. One of the most important organs of the female system--an
admirable provision of nature for the repose of infancy, but chiefly
useful in rural festivities to support plates of cold chicken and
heads of adult males. The male of our species has a rudimentary lap,
imperfectly developed and in no way contributing to the animal's
substantial welfare.

LAST, n. A shoemaker's implement, named by a frowning Providence as
opportunity to the maker of puns.


     Ah, punster, would my lot were cast,
     Where the cobbler is unknown,
     So that I might forget his last
     And hear your own.

     Gargo Repsky.

LAUGHTER, n. An interior convulsion, producing a distortion of the
features and accompanied by inarticulate noises. It is infectious and,
though intermittent, incurable. Liability to attacks of laughter is one
of the characteristics distinguishing man from the animals--these being
not only inaccessible to the provocation of his example, but impregnable
to the microbes having original jurisdiction in bestowal of the disease.
Whether laughter could be imparted to animals by inoculation from
the human patient is a question that has not been answered by
experimentation. Dr. Weir Mitchell holds that the infectious character
of laughter is due to instantaneous fermentation of sputa diffused in a
spray. From this peculiarity he names the disorder Convulsio spargens.

LAUREATE, adj. Crowned with the leaves of the vegetable aforesaid. In
England the Poet Laureate is an officer of the sovereign's court, acting
as dancing skeleton at every royal feast and singing mute at every royal
funeral. Of all incumbents of that high office Robert Southey had the
most notable knack at drugging the Samson of public joy and cutting his
hair to the quick; and he had an artistic color-sense which enabled
him so to blacken a public grief as to give it the aspect of a national
crime.

LAUREL, n. The laurus, a vegetable dedicated to Apollo, and formerly
defoliated to wreathe the brows of victors and such poets as had
influence at court.

LAW, n.


     Once Law was sitting on the bench,
     And Mercy knelt a-weeping.
     "Clear out!" he cried, "disordered wench!
     Nor come before me creeping.
     Upon your knees if you appear,
     'T is plain you have no standing here,"

     Then Justice came. His Honor cried:
     "Your status?--devil seize you!"
     "<i>Arnica curiæ</i>," she replied--
     "Friend of the court, so please you."
     "Begone!" he shouted--"there 's the door--
     I never saw your face before!"

     G. J.

LAWFUL, adj. Compatible with the will of a judge having jurisdiction.

LAWYER, n. One skilled in circumvention of the law. One of the chief
duties of the modern lawyer is defense of eminent rogues by vituperation
of "anonymous scribblers" of the press--an employment which drew from
that "scurril jester," Editor Fum, of "The Daily Livercomplaint," the
hortatory words here following:


     Take notice, lawyers all. For many a year
     Your cheerful tribe (I mean to stint your cheer)
     When hired to cheat the gallows of its prey
     Or turn the law-dogs' noses all astray
     From a thief's track, and take of what he stole
     The lion's share--that is to say, the whole--
     Have deemed it right his grievance to redress
     With fine philippics on the brutal press
     That persecutes a blameless soul--alas,
     How angels suffer from the felon class!
     Now mark ye, lawless lawyers, if ye still
     Shall think it well to serve a client ill,
     Accept his money on the false pretense
     That slander of accusers is defense,
     Deal out damnation to sustain his hope
     And handle without gloves all things but soap,
     I 'm for retaliation. Hear me swear,
     With head uncovered and with hand in air,
     By that sole deity whom lawyers hold
     In pious reverence, Almighty Gold
     (Whose name, with deep hypocrisy, they spell,
     Pronounce and take in vain without the l)
     My scourging weapon shall remain unstirred,
     Gracing the pinion of its parent bird.
     I 'll let you struggle for the blackguard's wreath
     And tear your tongues to rags upon your teeth!

LAZINESS, n. Unwarranted repose of manner in a person of low degree.

LEAD, n. A heavy blue-gray metal much used in giving stability to light
lovers--particularly to those who love not wisely but other men's wives.
Lead is also of great service as a counterpoise to an argument of such
weight that it turns the scale of debate the wrong way. An interesting
fact in the chemistry of international controversy is that at the point
of contact of two patriotisms lead is precipitated in great quantities.


     Hail, holy Lead!--of human feuds the great
     And universal arbiter; endowed
     With penetration to pierce any cloud
     Fogging the field of controversial hate,
     And with a swift, inevitable, straight,
     Searching precision find the unavowed
     But vital point. Thy judgment, when allowed
     By the chirurgeon, settles the debate.
     O useful metal!--were it not for thee
     We'd grapple one another's ears alway:
     But when we hear thee buzzing like a bee
     We, like old Muhlenberg, "care not to stay."
     And when the quick have run away like pullets
     Jack Satan smelts the dead to make new bullets.

LEARNING, n. The kind of ignorance distinguishing the studious.

LECTURER, n. One with his hand in your pocket, his tongue in your ear,
and his faith in your patience.

LEGACY, n. A gift from one who is legging it out of this vale of tears.

LEONINE, adj. Unlike a menagerie lion. Leonine verses are those in which
a word in the middle rhymes with a word at the end, as in this famous
passage from Bella Peeler Silcox:


     The electric light invades the dunnest deep of
     Hades.
     Cries Pluto, 'twixt his snores: "O tempora! O
     mores!"

It should be explained that Mrs. Silcox does not undertake to teach
the pronunciation of the Greek and Latin tongues. Leonine verses are so
called in honor of a poet named Leo, whom prosodists appear to find a
pleasure in believing to have been the first to discover that a rhyming
couplet could be run into a single line.

LETTUCE, n. An herb of the genus Lactuca, "wherewith," says that pious
gastronome, Hengist Pelly, "God has been pleased to reward the good
and punish the wicked. For by his inner light the righteous man has
discerned a manner of compounding for it a dressing to the appetency
whereof a multitude of gustible condiments conspire, being reconciled
and ameliorated with profusion of oil, the entire comestible making glad
the heart of the godly and causing his face to shine. But the person of
spiritual unworth is successfully tempted of the Adversary to eat of
the lettuce with destitution of oil, mustard, egg, salt, and garlic, and
with a rascal bath of vinegar polluted with sugar. Wherefore the person
of spiritual unworth suffers an intestinal pang of strange complexity
and raises the song."

LEVIATHAN, n. An enormous aquatic animal mentioned by Job. Some suppose
it to have been the whale, but that distinguished ichthyologer, Dr.
Jordan, of Stanford University, maintains with considerable heat that it
was a species of gigantic Tadpole, ('Thaddeus Polandensis) or Polliwig--
Maria pseudo-hirsuta. For an exhaustive description and history of the
Tadpole consult the famous monograph of Jane Porter, Thaddeus of Warsaw.

LEXICOGRAPHER, n. A pestilent fellow who, under the pretense of
recording some particular stage in the development of a language, does
what he can to arrest its growth, stiffen its flexibility, and mechanize
its methods. For your lexicographer, having written his dictionary,
comes to be considered "as one having authority," whereas his function
is only to make a record, not to give a law. The natural servility
of the human understanding having invested him with judicial power,
surrenders its right of reason and submits itself to a chronicle as if
it were a statute. Let the dictionary (for example) mark a good word as
"obsolete" or "obsolescent" and no man thereafter ventures to use
it, whatever his need of it and however desirable its restoration to
favor--whereby the process of impoverishment is accelerated and speech
decays. On the contrary, the bold and discerning writer who, recognizing
the truth that language must grow by innovation if it grow at all, makes
new words and uses the old in an unfamiliar sense has no following and
is tartly reminded that "it is n't in the dictionary"-- although down to
the time of the first lexicographer (Heaven forgive him!) no author ever
had used a word that was in the dictionary. In the golden prime and high
noon of English speech; when from the lips of the great Elizabethans
fell words that made their own meaning and carried it in their very
sound; when a Shakespeare and a Bacon were possible, and the language
now rapidly perishing at one end and slowly renewed at the other was in
vigorous growth and hardy preservation--sweeter than honey and stronger
than a lion--the lexicographer was a person unknown, the dictionary a
creation which his Creator had not created him to create.


     God said: "Let Spirit perish into Form,"
     And lexicographers arose, a swarm!
     Thought fled and left her clothing, which they took
     And catalogued each garment in a book.
     Now, from her leafy covert when she cries:
     "Give me my clothes and I 'll return," they rise
     And scan the list, and say without compassion:
     "Excuse us--they are mostly out of fashion."

     Sigismund Smith.

LIAR, n. A lawyer with a roving commission.

LIBERTY, n. One of Imagination's most precious possessions.


     The rising People, hot and out of breath,
     Roared round the palace: "Liberty or death!"
     "If death will do," the King said, "let me reign;
     You 'll have, I 'm sure, no reason to complain."

     Martha Braymance.

LICKSPITTLE, n. A useful functionary, not infrequently found editing
a newspaper. In his character of editor he is closely allied to
the blackmailer by the tie of occasional identity; for in truth the
lickspittle is only the blackmailer under another aspect, though the
latter is frequently found as an independent species. Lickspittling
is more detestable than blackmailing, precisely as the business of a
confidence man is more detestable than that of a highway robber; and
the parallel maintains itself throughout, for whereas few robbers will
cheat, every sneak will plunder if he dare.

LIFE, n. A spiritual pickle preserving the body from decay. We live
in daily apprehension of its loss; yet when lost it is not missed. The
question, "Is life worth living?" has been much discussed; particularly
by those who think it is not, many of whom have written at great length
in support of their view and by careful observance of the laws of health
enjoyed for long terms of years the honors of successful controversy.


     "Life's not worth living, and that 's the truth,"
     Carelessly caroled the golden youth;
     And in manhood still he maintained that view
     And held it more strongly the older he grew.
     When kicked by a jackass at eighty-three,
     "Go fetch me a surgeon at once!" cried he.

     Han Soper.

LIGHTHOUSE, n. A tall building on the seashore in which the government
maintains a lamp and the friend of a politician.

LIMB, n. The branch of a tree or the leg of an American woman.


     'T was a pair of boots that the lady bought.
     And the salesman laced them tight
     To a very remarkable height--
     Higher, indeed, than I think he ought--
     Higher than <i>can</i> be right.
     For the Bible declares--but never mind:
     It is hardly fit
     To censure freely and fault to find
     With others for sins that I 'm not inclined
     Myself to commit.
     Each has his weakness, and though my own
     Is freedom from every sin,
     It still were unfair to pitch in,
     Discharging the first censorious stone.
     Besides, the truth compels me to say,
     The boots in question were <i>made</i> that way.
     As he drew the lace she made a grimace,
     And blushingly said to him:
     "This boot, I 'm sure, is too high to endure,
     It hurts my--hurts my--limb."
     The salesman smiled in a manner mild,
     Like an artless, undesigning child;
     Then, checking himself, to his face he gave
     A look as sorrowful as the grave,
     Though he did n't care two figs
     For her pains and throes,
     As he stroked her toes,
     Remarking with speech and manner just
     Befitting his calling: "Madam, I trust
     That it does n't hurt your twigs."

     G. Percival Doke.

LINEN, n. "A kind of cloth the making of which entails a great waste of
hemp."--Calcraft the Hangman.

LITIGANT, n. A person about to give up his skin for the hope of
retaining his bones.

LITIGATION, n. A machine which you go into as a pig and come out of as a
sausage.

LIVER, n. A large red organ thoughtfully provided by nature to be
bilious with. The sentiments and emotions which every literary anatomist
now knows to haunt the heart were anciently believed to infest the
liver; and even Gascoygne, speaking of the emotional side of human
nature, calls it "our hepaticall parte." It was at one time considered
the seat of life; hence its name--liver, the thing we live with. The
liver is heaven's best gift to the goose; without it that bird would be
unable to supply us with the Strasbourg pâté.

LL.D. Letters indicating the degree Legumptionis Doctor, one learned in
the laws, gifted with legal gumption. Some suspicion is cast upon this
derivation by the fact that the title was formerly ££. d. and conferred
only upon gentlemen distinguished for their wealth. At the date of this
writing Columbia University is considering the expediency of making
another degree for clergymen, in place of the old D.D.--Damnator Diaboli.
The new honor will be known as Sanctorum Custos, and written $$. c. The
name of the Rev. John Satan has been suggested as a suitable recipient
by a lover of consistency, who points out that Professor Harry Thurston
Peck has long enjoyed the advantage of a degree.

LOCK-AND-KEY, n. The distinguishing device of civilization and
enlightenment.

LODGER, n. A less popular name for the First Person of that delectable
newspaper Trinity, the Roomer, the Bedder, and the Mealer.

LOGIC, n. The art of thinking and reasoning in strict accordance with
the limitations and incapacities of the human misunderstanding. The
basis of logic is the syllogism, consisting of a major and a minor
premise and a conclusion--thus:

Major Premise: Sixty men can do a piece of work sixty times as quickly
as one man.

Minor Premise: One man can dig a post-hole in sixty seconds; therefore--
Conclusion: Sixty men can dig a post-hole in one second.

This may be called the syllogism arithmetical, in which, by combining
logic and mathematics, we obtain a double certainty and are twice
blessed.

LORD, n. In American society, an English tourist above the state of a
costermonger, as, Lord 'Aberdasher, Lord Hartisan, and so forth. The
travelling Briton of lesser degree is addressed as "Sir," as, Sir 'Arry
Donkiboi, of 'Amstead 'Eath. The word "Lord" is sometimes used, also, as
a title of the Supreme Being; but this is thought to be rather flattery
than true reverence.


     Miss Sallie Ann Splurge, of her own accord,
     Wedded a wandering English lord--
     Wedded and took him to dwell with her "paw,"
     A parent who throve by the practice of Draw.
     Lord Cadde I don't hesitate here to declare
     Unworthy the father-in-legal care
     Of that elderly sport, notwithstanding the truth
     That Cadde had renounced the follies of youth;
     For, sad to relate, he 'd arrived at the stage
     Of existence that 's marked by the vices of age.
     Among them cupidity caused him to urge
     Repeated demands on the pocket of Splurge,
     Till, wrecked in his fortune, that gentleman saw
     Inadequate aid in the practice of Draw,
     And took, as a means of augmenting his pelf,
     To the business of being a lord himself.
     His neat-fitting garments he willfully shed
     And sacked himself strangely in checks instead;
     Denuded his chin, but retained at each ear
     A whisker that looked like a blasted career.

     He painted his neck an incarnadine hue
     Each morning and varnished it all that he knew.
     The moony monocular set in his eye
     Appeared to be scanning the Sweet Bye-and-Bye.
     His head was enroofed with a billycock hat,
     And his low-necked shoes were aduncous and flat.
     In speech he eschewed his American ways,
     Denying his nose to the use of his A's
     And dulling their edge till the delicate sense
     Of a babe at their temper could take no offence.
     His H's--'t was most inexpressibly sweet,
     The patter they made as they fell at his feet!
     Re-outfitted thus, Mr. Splurge without fear
     Began as Lord Splurge his recouping career.

     Alas, the Divinity shaping his end
     Entertained other views and decided to send
     His lordship in horror, despair, and dismay
     From the land of the nobleman's natural prey.

     For, smit with his Old World ways, Lady Cadde
     Fell--suffering Caesar!--in love with her dad!

     G. J.