Vol. IV.—No. 89. NOTES AND QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

VOL. IV.—No. 89.

SATURDAY, JULY 12. 1851.

Price with Index, 9d. Stamped Edition, 10d.

CONTENTS.

NOTES:—

QUERIES:—

REPLIES:—

MISCELLANEOUS:—

Notes.

PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOKS AND PRIVATELY ENGRAVED PORTRAITS.

If the "NOTES AND QUERIES," in the course of its career, had only called the attention of antiquaries to the necessities of collecting epitaphs and inscriptions to the dead found in churches, and thus brought into active exertion a large number of zealous and intelligent recorders of monuments, its usefulness would have been fully established; but the multitude of suggestive hints and recommendations constantly appearing in its pages, added to the great amount of precise and unquestionable knowledge given to the public through its means, have established the publication as of the greatest importance to archæologists, and literary men generally.

A noble and highly regarded author (Lord Braybrooke) has recently shown the necessity for recording the existence of painted historical portraits, scattered, as we know they are, throughout residences of the nobility and gentry, and from thence too often descending to the humble dwelling or broker's warehouse, through the effluxion of time, the ill appreciation, in some instances, of those who possess them, or the urgencies of individuals: but there are other memorials of eminent persons extant, frequently the only ones, which, falling into the possession of but few persons, are to the seeker after biographical or topographical knowledge, for the most part, as though they had never existed. I allude to Privately Printed Books and Privately Engraved Portraits. Surely these might be made available to literary persons if their depository were generally known.

How comparatively easy would it be for the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," in each county, to transmit to its pages a short note of any privately engraved portrait, or privately printed volume, of which they may be possessed, or of which they have a perfect knowledge. Collectors could in most instances, if they felt inclined to open their stores, give the required information in a complete list, and no doubt would do so; but still a great assistance to those engaged in the toils of biographical or other study could be afforded by the transmission to these pages of the casual "Note," which happens to have been taken at a moment when the book or portrait passed under the inspection of a recorder who did not amass graphic or literary treasures.

As respects some counties, much less has been done by the printing press to furnish this desideratum; at least that of privately engraved portraits. In Warwickshire, a list of all the portraits (with a few omissions) has within a few years been brought before the public in a volume. In Norfolk, the Illustrations of Norfolk Topography, a volume containing an enumeration of many thousand drawings and engravings, collected by Dawson Turner, Esq., of Great Yarmouth, to illustrate Blomefield's [18] History of the county, is also a repertory of this kind of instruction, as far as portraits are concerned. Privately printed books are entirely unrecorded in this and most other localities. Without the publication now mentioned, persons having no personal knowledge of Mr. Turner's ample stores would be not only unacquainted with that gentleman's wonderful Norfolk collection, but also ignorant that through his liberality, and the elegant genius and labours of several members of his family, the portfolios of many of his friends have been enriched by the addition of portraits of many persons of great virtues, attainments, and learning, with whom he had become acquainted. In Suffolk, the veteran collectors, Mr. Elisha Davy, of Ufford, and Mr. William Fitch, of Ipswich, have compiled lists of portraits belonging to that county. These are, however, in manuscript, and therefore comparatively useless; though, to the honour of both these gentlemen let it be said, that no one ever asks in vain for assistance from their collections.

I trust it can only be necessary to call attention to this source of knowledge, to be supported in a view of the necessity of a record open to all. I have taken the liberty to name the "NOTES AND QUERIES" as the storehouse for gathering these scattered memorabilia together, knowing no means of permanence superior, or more convenient, to literary persons, although I am not without fears indeed, perhaps convictions, that your present space would be too much burthened thereby.

As the volume of "NOTES AND QUERIES" just completed has comprised a large amount of intelligence respecting the preservation of epitaphs, the present would, perhaps, be appropriately opened by a new subject of, I am inclined to think, nearly equal value.

JOHN WODDERSPOON.

Norwich.

SARDONIC SMILES.

A few words on the Γέλως σαρδάνιος, or Sardonius Risus, so celebrated in antiquity, may not be amiss, especially as the expression "a Sardonic smile" is a common one in our language.

We find this epithet used by several Greek writers; it is even as old as Homer's time, for we read in the Odyssey, μείδησε δὲ θυμῷ σαρδάνιον μάλα τοῖον, "but he laughed in his soul a very bitter laugh." The word was written indifferently σαρδάνιος and σαρδόνιος; and some lexicographers derive it from the verb σαίρω, of σέσηρα, "to show the teeth, grin like a dog:" especially in scorn or malice. The more usual derivation is from σαρδόνιον, a plant of Sardinia (Σαρδώ), which was said to distort the face of the eater. In the English of the present day, a Sardonic laugh means a derisive, fiendish laugh, full of bitterness and mocking; stinging with insult and rancour. Lord Byron has hit it off in his portraiture of the Corsair, Conrad:

In Izaak Walton's ever delightful Complete Angler, Venator, on coming to Tottenham High Cross, repeats his promised verse: "it is a copy printed among some of Sir Henry Wotton's, and doubtless made either by him or by a lover of angling." Here is the first stanza:—

In Sir J. Hawkins's edition is the following note on the word "Sardonic" in these lines:

"Feigned, or forced smiles, from the word Sardon, the name of an herb resembling smallage, and growing in Sardinia, which, being eaten by men, contracts the muscles, and excites laughter even to death. Vide Erasmi Adagia, tit. RISUS."

Sardonic, in this passage, means "forced, strained, unusual, artificial;" and is not taken in the worst sense. These lines of Sir H. Wotton's bring to mind some of Lorenzo de Medici's in a platonic poem of his, when he contrasts the court and country. I quote Mr. Roscoe's translation:—

The Edinburgh Review, July, 1849, in an article on Tyndale's Sardinia, says:

"The Sardonic smile, so celebrated in antiquity, baffles research much more than the intemperie, nor have modern physiologists thrown any light on the nature of the deleterious plant which produces it. The tradition at least seems still to survive in the country, and Mr. Tyndale adduces some evidence to show that the Ranunculus sceleratus was the herb to which these exaggerated qualities were ascribed. Some insular antiquaries have found a different solution of the ancient proverb. The ancient Sardinians, they say, like many barbarous tribes, used to get rid of their relations in extreme old age by throwing them alive into deep pits; which attention it was the fashion for the venerable objects of it to receive with great expressions of delight: whence the saying of a Sardinian laugh (vulgo), laughing on the wrong side of ones mouth. It seems not impossible, that the phenomenon may have been a result of the effects of 'Intemperie' working on weak constitutions, and in circumstances favourable to physical depression—like the epidemic chorea, and similar complaints, of which such strange accounts are read in medical books."

GERONIMO.[19]

PRIVATE AMOURS OF OLIVER CROMWELL.

I know nothing more of the enclosed, than that I found it with the MS. which I lately sent you on the subject of Cromwell's "Dealings with the Devil" (Vol. iii., p. 282.).

I should conclude it to be a carelessly-made transcript of a contemporary MS., the production, probably, of some warm royalist, who may, or may not, have had some grounds for his assertions. At all events, it gives a few curious details, and, in its general outline, agrees singularly with the incidents on which Mrs. Behn's play, The Round Heads; or The Good Old Cause, is founded: sufficiently so to give it at least an air of authenticity, so far as the popular belief of the day was concerned.

S. H. H.

"After Cromwell had been declared General of the Commonwealth's Forces, he seized the possessions of the Royalists, who had escaped his implacable resentment; and the New Hall fell to the share of the Usurper, who, flushed with the victory of Worcester, disposed at pleasure of the forsaken seates of the noble Fugitives, who still supported Charles II.'s Drooping Standards; and adding insulte to oppression, commanded the domesticks of the Duke of Buckingham to follow their master's desperate fortune, and to carry him five shillings, which he might want in his exile, for the purchase of a Lordship, whose yearly value exceeded then 1300l. Cromwell kept possession of New Hall till he assumed the title of Protector, and was instaled at White Hall, in the Pallace of the English Kings: Then he chose Hampton Court for his Summer Residence. He led at New Hall an obscure life, without pomp, without luxury, having but two servants in his retinue. Though his manners were natuaraly austere, he had some private amoures, which he indulged with great Caution and Secrecy. His favourites were General Lambert's wife and Major-General Vernon's sister: the first was a well-bred, genteel woman, fatheless to her husband from natural aversion, and attached to Cromwell from a conformity of inclination in a mysterious enjoyment and stolen embraces, with mask of religious deportment and severe virtue: the other was a person made to inspire lust and desire, but selfish, revengfull, and indiscreet. These too rivals heartily detested each other: Mrs. Lambert reproached Cromwell for his affection to a worthless, giddy, and wanton woman; and Mrs. Vernon laughed at him for being the dupe of the affected fondness and hipocry of an artful Mistress. They once met at the house of Colonel Hammond, a Creature of Cromwell's, and reviled each other with the most virulent sarcasms. Mrs. Lambert, fired with rage and resentment, went immediately to New Hall, where Oliver was at that juncture, and insisted upon her Rival's dismission for her unprovoked outrage. Cromwell, who was then past the meridian of voluptuous sensations, sacrificed the person he was no longer fit to enjoy, to a woman who had gained his esteem and confidence, and delegated to Mrs. Lambert all the domestic concerns of his house in Essex. Cromwell's wife, called afterwards the Protectress, was a sober helpmate, who, dressed in humble stuff, like a Quaker, neither interfered in his amours or politics. She never went to New Hall but once, and that was on the 25th of April, 1652, when he invited all his family to a grand entertainment on account of his Birthday. The other Guests were, his mother, who survived his elevation to the Protectorship: she was a virtuous woman of the name of Stewart, related to the Royall Family; Desborough, his brother-in law; and Fleetwood, who had married his daughter; his Eldest Son, Richard, a man of an inoffensive and unambitious Character, who had been married some years, and lived in the country on a small estate which he possessed in right of his wife, where he spent his time in acts of benevolence: at the trial of Charles I. he fell on his knees and conjured his Father in the most pathetic manner to spare the life of his Sovereign; his brother Henry, afterwards Govonor of Ireland, where he was universally beloved for his mild administration; Mrs. Claypole, the darling of her father; and his three other daughters: Mrs. Rich, married to the Grandson and heir of the Earl of Warwick; Lady Falconbridge; and the Youngest, who lived in celibacy. They spent a week at New Hall, in innocent mirth and jollity; Oliver himself joining in convivial pleasure with his children, disengaged the whole time from state affairs and Political Speculations.

"His constant visitors at New Hall were some Regicides, and the meanest, lowest, and most ignorant among the Citizens on whome he had decreed that the Sovereign power should be vested. To excell in Fanaticism seemed a necessary qualification in this new parliment; and Oliver foresaw that they would soon throw up the reins of Government, which they were unqualified to guide, and raise himself to an unlimited power far beyond that of former Kings.

"It seems Mrs. Lambert continued to reside at New Hall during Cromwell's Protectorship, and that Col. Wite, his trusty friend, was often sent with kind messages and preasants from Oliver, who travelled himself in the night, with hurry and precipitation, to enjoy with her some moments of domestic comfort and tranquility."

SPURIOUS EDITION OF BAILY'S ANNUITIES.

In the course of last year a curious and impudent bibliographical fraud was perpetrated by some parties unknown. I am not aware that it has been publicly exposed as yet.

The celebrated work on annuities, by the late Francis Baily, was published in 1810 by Richardson, and printed by Richard Taylor. It was at first in one volume: but on the publication of an appendix in 1813, two titles were printed with this last date, and the stock then remaining was sold in two volumes. As the book became scarce, it gradually rose in price, until, when by a rare chance a copy came to the hammer, it seldom fetched less than five guineas. This price was lowered, as well by the general decline in the [20] price of old books, as by the sale of Mr. Baily's own library in 1844, which threw a few copies into the market; but the work was still saleable at more than the original price. In the course of last year, copies, as it was pretended, of the original edition were offered at the assurance offices, and to individuals known to be interested in the subject, at twenty-five shillings. Some were taken in, others saw the trick at once. There has been, in fact, a reprint without any statement of the circumstance, and without a printer's name; but with a strong, and, on the whole, successful attempt at imitation of the peculiar typography of the work. If the execution had been as good as the imitation, the success would have been greater. But this is wretchedly bad, and will amuse those who know how very particular Mr. Baily always was in his superintendence of the press, and how plainly his genuine works bear the marks of it.

The spurious edition may be known at once by the title-page, in which the words "an appendix" are printed in open letter, which is not the case in the original. Also by "Leienitz," instead of "Leibnitz" in page xi. of the preface. Also by the Greek letter

throughout, which is, in the spurious edition, never anything but an inverted δ, which looks as if it were trying to kick backwards.

In all probability, the agents in this shabby trick are beneath reproof; but it is desirable that the reputation of the author whom they have chosen for its object should not suffer from the effects of their misprint. And as the work they have appropriated is only used by a small public, and a reading one, the mode of exposure which I here adopt will probably be sufficient.

The spurious edition is now on the stalls at a few shillings; and, as a curiosity, will be worth its price.

A. DE MORGAN.

Minor Notes.

Les Anguilles de Melun.

—"Les anguilles de Melun crient avant qu'on les écorche" is a well-known proverb in that town; and as some of your readers may be curious to learn the circumstances in which it originated, I send them to you for "NOTES AND QUERIES."

According to the traditions of the Church, Saint Bartholomew was flayed alive, and his skin rolled up and tied to his back. When the religious dramas, called Mysteries, came into vogue, this martyrdom was represented on the stage at Melun, and the character of the saint was personated by one Languille. In the course of the performance, the executioner, armed with a knife, made his appearance; and as he proceeded to counterfeit the operation of flaying, Languille became terrified and uttered the most piteous cries, to the great amusement of the spectators. The audience thereupon exclaimed, "Languille crie avant qu'on l'écorche;" and hence the "jeu de mots," and the proverb.

HENRY H. BREEN.

St. Lucia, June, 1851.

Derivation of Mews.—

"Muette. C'est le nom qu'on donne à un Edifice élevé au bout d'un parc de maison royale ou seigneuriale, pour servir de logement aux officiers de la venerie, et dans lequel il y a aussi des Chenils, des cours, écuries, &c. Ce terme Muette, vient, dit-on, de Mue, parceque c'est dans ces maisons que les Gardes, et autres officiers de chasse, apportent les Mues ou bois que les Cerfs quittent et laissent dans les Forêts."—Lacombe, Dictionnaire portatif des Beaux Arts, &c. Nouvelle Edition: Paris, 1759.

Is this a better explanation of the English word mews than has generally been given by writers?

W. P.

Curious Monumental Inscriptions.

—In the south aisle of Martham Church, Norfolk, are two slabs, of which one, nearly defaced, bears the following inscription:

The following explanation is given of this enigmatical statement. Christopher Burraway was the fruit of an incestuous connexion between a father and daughter, and was early placed in the Foundling Hospital, from whence, when he came of age, he was apprenticed to a farmer. Coming in after years by chance to Martham, he was hired unwittingly by his own mother as farm steward, her father (or rather the father of both) being dead. His conduct proving satisfactory to his mistress she married him who thus became, successively, mother, sister, mistress, and wife, to this modern Œdipus. The episode remains to be told. Being discovered by his wife to be her son, by a peculiar mark on his shoulder, she was so horror-stricken that she soon after died, he surviving her scarcely four months. Of the other slab enough remains to show that it covered her remains; but the registers from 1729 to 1740 are unfortunately missing so that I cannot trace the family further.

E. S. T. [21]

First Panorama (Vol. iii., p. 526.).

—I remember when a boy going to see that panorama. I was struck with "the baker knocking at the door, in Albion Place, and wondered the man did not move!" But this could not have been the first (though it might have been the first publicly exhibited), if what is told of Sir Joshua Reynolds be true, that, having held that the painting of a panorama was a "thing impossible," on the sight of it he exclaimed—"This is the triumph of perspective!" I have frequently met with this anecdote.

B. G.

Queries.

Minor Queries.

Vermuyden.

—I wish very much to obtain a portrait, painted or engraved, of Sir Cornelius Vermuyden, Knt., a celebrated Flemish engineer in the time of Charles I. Can any one kindly assist my object, and inform me where one is to be met with?

J.

Portrait of Whiston.

—Having an original and characteristic half-length portrait in oil, bearing to the left corner (below an oval, such as is found about portraits by Alex. Cooper) the name of William Whiston, which picture came from a farm-house named Westbrook, in Wiltshire, and was by my ancestors, who lived there, called a family portrait, I should be glad to know how such connexion arose, if any did exist.

In the possession of a member of my family, on the maternal side, is a large silver tobacco-box, bearing the initials W. W., and given as a legacy by Whiston to his friend Thomas White, Fellow and Librarian of Trinity College, Cambridge. They were members of the same club.

WILLIAM FENNELL.

Wakefield, June 12. 1851.

Charities for the Clergy and their Families.

—I am desirous of procuring a complete list of charities confined to, or primarily intended for, the benefit of clergymen, their wives and families. There are a good many such throughout the country, but I am not aware that any list has ever been published. Will your readers furnish me with the particulars of such as they may be acquainted with, together with the names of the secretaries?

J. WHITAKER.

377. Strand.

Principle of Notation by Coalwhippers, &c.

—I shall feel much obliged to any of your readers who can inform me whether the principle adopted by the coalwhippers on the river Thames, and by the seafaring class in general, is adopted by any other class in these islands, or particularly in the North of Europe.

This principle may be thus explained, viz.:

1. A set of four perpendicular, equal, and equidistant straight lines are cut by a diagonal line, which runs from right to left; that is to say, from the higher end of the fourth line to the lower extremity of the first line. This diagonal then represents number 5, and completes the scale or tally of 5.

2. A similar set of four lines are cut by another diagonal, which passes from left to right, or from the higher extremity of number one, to the lower extremity of number four. The diagonal thus completes the second score or tally for number 5.

The two fives are marked or scored separately, and the diagonals thus form a series of alternations, which, when repeated, form a scale of ten, the tally of the coalwhippers.

The "navvies" of the railroads carry this principle somewhat further. They form a cross with two diagonals on the perpendiculars, and count for ten; then, by repeating the process, they have a division into tens, and count by two tens, or a score.

I. J. C.

Kiss the Hare's Foot.

—This locution is commonly used in some parts of the United Kingdom, to describe what is expressed by the Latin proverb: "Sero venientibus ossa." Will any of your readers be so good as to explain the origin of the English phrase?

HENRY H. BREEN.

St. Lucia, May, 1851.

Old Dog.

—Can any correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" inform me where "old dog" is used in the same sense as in Hudibras, part ii. canto 3. v. 208.:—

P. J. F. G.

"Heu quanto minus," &c.

—From what author is this passage taken?

"Heu quanto minus est cum aliis versari quam tui meminisse."

J. O. B.

Loughborough.

Lady Russell and Mr. Hampden.

—Extract from a letter of Rev. Alex. Chalmers, dated London, Feb. 10th, 1736-7:

"Mr. Hampden ——[1] has had the misfortune to lose 5000l. by Lady Russell. ——[2] She was a Lady of good sense, and great piety in appearance, and made many believe she had a private way of tradeing which brought seven or eight per ct. to the adventurers, by which means she got above 30,000l. put in to her hands, and [22] for which she only gave her Note to put it to the best advantage; for some years the interest was well paid, but at her death no books nor accts were found, and the principal money is all lost. She had a jointure of 2000l. a year, but that goes to her Son-in-law, Mr. Scawen, Knight of the Shire for Surry: her dissenting friends are the chiefe sufferers."

[1] M.P. for Buckinghamshire.

[2] "Sept. 2. Lady Russell, mother of the wife of Thomas Scawen, Esq., Kt. of the Shire for Surrey, and wife to Sir Harry Houghton, Bt. She had an excellent character."—Gent. Mag., vol. vi., 1736, p. 552. She had been previously married to Lord James Russell, 5th son of William, 1st Duke of Bedford, to whom she bore the daughter mentioned above. What was her maiden name?

Is anything more known of this story; and, if so, where is the account to be found?

DE CAMERA.

Burton Family.

—Roger Burton, in the reign of Charles I., purchased of the Earl of Chesterfield lands at Kilburn, in the parish of Horsley, co. Derby, which remained in the possession of his descendants for more than a century. Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to inform me how he was connected with the Burtons of Lindley and Dronfield.

E.H.A.

"One who dwelleth on the castled Rhine."

—Longfellow, in his exquisite little poem on "Flowers," says:

To whom does he allude as dwelling "on the castled Rhine?" Cowley says:

And Washington Irving gives an Arabian inscription from one of the gardens of the Alhambra, which commences with a somewhat similar thought:

"How beauteous is this garden, where the flowers of the earth vie with the stars of Heaven!"

SELEUCUS.

Lady Petre's Monument.

—In the church at Ingatestone, in Essex, there is a beautiful monument to Mary Lady Petre, of the date 1684, upon which there is the following curious inscription:—

I should be glad if any of your learned readers could elucidate the meaning of the five vowels at the foot of the inscription.

J. A. DOUGLAS.

16. Russell Square, June 7. 1851.

Dr. Young's Narcissa (Vol. iii., p. 422.).

—J. M. says that the Narcissa of Dr. Young was Elizabeth Lee, the poet's daughter-in-law. The letter quoted in the same article from the Evan. Mag. of Nov. 1797, calls her Dr. Young's daughter. Has not your correspondent been led into a mistake by calling Narcissa Dr. Young's daughter-in-law? as, if she were so, how could she have been named "Lee?" She might have been his step-daughter, though it has been generally understood that Narcissa was the poet's own and favourite daughter. Will you, or your correspondent J. M., be so good as to clear up this point?

W. F. S.

Surbiton.

Briwingable.

—What is briwingable, from which certain burgesses were exempted in a charter of John's? It cannot be a corruption from borough-gable, because all burgesses had to pay gable.

J. W.

Thomas Kingeston, Knt., called also Lord Thomas Kingeston.

—Can any of your correspondents give any clue or information touching this Lord Kingeston? He lived in the early part of the reign of Edward III.

In the extracts from Aske's Collections relating to the descendants of M. Furneaux, published in the first volume of Coll. Top. and Gen., at p. 248., it is stated:

"Mathew of Bitton was married unto Constantyne Kingston, daughter to the Lord Thomas of Kingston; and of the said Mathew and Constantyne came John of Bitton, which died in Portingale."

In a pedigree (Harl. MSS. 1982. p. 102.) which shows the descendants of Furneaux, the match between "Sir Math. Bitton" and C. Kingston is laid down, and her arms are marked sab. a lion ramp. or.

With regard to Mathew de Bitton, he was son and heir of John de Bitton and Havisia Furneaux. The residence of the family was at Hanham, in the parish of Bitton, Gloucestershire, at a place afterwards called "Barre's Court," from Sir John Barre, who married Joan, the great-granddaughter of the said Mathew. The house abutted on the Chace of Kingswood.

In the 48th of Edward III. a writ was issued, to inquire who were the destroyers of the deer and game in his Majesty's Chace, when it was found that Mathew de Bitton was "Communis malefactor de venasione Dom. Regis in Chacia predicta." It was proved that he had killed thirty-seven deer! After much difficulty, he was brought [23] before the justiciaries, when he acknowledged all his transgressions, and placed himself at the mercy of the king. He was committed "prisonæ Dom. Regis, quousque Justiciarii habeant locutionem cum consilio Dom. Regis."

Any further information respecting him also would be very acceptable. A very detailed account of the inquiry is at the Chapter House, among the Forest Proceedings.

H.T. ELLACOMBE.

Clyst St. George, June 24. 1851.

Possession nine Points of the Law.

—What is the origin of the expression "Possession is nine points of the law?" The explanation I wish for is, not as to possession conferring a strong title to property, which is self-evident, but as to the number of points involved in the proposition, which I take to mean nine points out of ten. Has the phrase any reference to the ten commandments or points of law promulgated by Moses? I should add that three things are said to be necessary to confer a perfect title to land, namely, possession, right of possession, and right of property.

C.N.S.

Rev. Henry Bourne, A.M.

—Could any of your numerous readers furnish me with any information respecting Bourne, whose history of Newcastle-on-Tyne was published in 1736, after the author's decease? I know, I believe, all that is to be gathered from local sources, but should be greatly obliged by any references to printed or MS. works which contain allusions to him or his writings. One of his college friends was the Reverend Granville Wheler, Esq., of Otterden, Kent, who, though in holy orders, chose to be so described, being the eldest son of a knight, the amiable Sir George Wheler, Prebendary of Durham, and Rector of Houghton-le-Spring.

E.H.A.

Prior Lachteim—Robert Douglas.

—In Bishop Keith's Affairs of Church and State of Scotland, Vol. ii. p. 809., Prior Lachteim is mentioned: will any of your readers inform me who this person was? It is not explained in the note; but it is suggested that by Lachteim Loch Tay is meant. Is this correct?

Query 2. Is there any truth in the report that Mary, queen of Scotland, had a son by George Douglas, who was the father of Robert Douglas, a celebrated Presbyterian preacher during the Covenanting reign of terror in Scotland, after the Glasgow General Assembly in 1638? If, as I suppose, there is no truth in this, what was the parentage and early history of Mr. Robert Douglas? Wodrow notices this report, and says that he was born in England. See Wodrow's Analecta, 4to., 1842, vol. ii. p. 166.: printed for the Bannatyne Club.

A.C.W.

Brompton.

Jacobus de Voragine.

—Can any friend give any information respecting an edition of the above author printed at Venice, A.D. 1482? The following is the colophon:—

"Reverendi Fratris Jacobi de Voragine de Sancto cum legendis opus perutile hic finem habet; Venetiis per Andream Jacobi de Catthara impressum: Impensis Octaviani scoti Modoetrensis sub inclyto duce Johanne Moçenico. Anno ab incarnatione domini 1482, die 17 Mensis Maii."

I can find no mention of it either in Panzer or Brunet or Ebert.

BNE.

Brasenose.

Peace Illumination, 1802.

—Miss Martineau, in her Introduction to the History of the Peace, p. 56., repeats the story told in a foot-note on p. 181. of the Annual Register for 1802, of M. Otto, the French ambassador, being compelled to substitute the word "amity" for the word "concord" suspended in coloured lamps, in consequence of the irritated mob's determination to assault his house, unless the offensive word "concord" were removed, the said mob reading it as though it were spelled "conquered," and inferring thence that M. Otto intended to insinuate that John Bull was conquered by France. The story, moreover, goes on to relate that the mob also insisted that the blazing initials G.R. should be surmounted by an illuminated crown. This anecdote, notwithstanding its embalmment in the Annual Register, has always borne in my eyes an apocryphal air. It assumes that the mob was ignorant and intellectual at the same moment; that whilst it was in a riotous mood it was yet in a temper to be reasoned with, and able to comprehend the reasons addressed to it. But one cannot help fancying that the mental calibre which understood "concord" to mean "conquered," would just as readily believe that "amity" meant "enmity," to say nought of its remarkable patience in waiting to see the changes dictated by itself carried out. This circumstance occurred, if at all, within the memory of many subscribers to "NOTES AND QUERIES." Is there one amongst them whose personal recollection will enable him to endorse the word Truth upon this curious story?

HENRY CAMPKIN.

Planets of the Months.

—Can any of your numerous correspondents give me the names of the planets for the months, and the names of the precious stones which symbolize those planets?

T.B.

Wimpole Street.

Family of Kyme.

—Sir John Kyme is said to have married a daughter of Edward IV. Can any of your correspondents inform me where I can find an account of this Sir John Kyme, his descendants, &c.? I should be glad of information respecting the family of Kyme generally, their [24] pedigree, &c. &c. I may say that I am aware that the original stock of his family had possessions in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, and that there were members of it of considerable importance during the reigns of the earlier monarchs succeeding William I. I am also acquainted with some old pedigrees found in certain visitation books. But none of the pedigrees I have seen appear to come down later than the fourteenth, or quite the beginning of the fifteenth, century. I should be glad to know of any pedigree coming down through the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries, and to have any account of the later history of the family.

BOLD.

West of England Proverb.

—Can any of your correspondents explain the saying, used when a person undertakes what is beyond his ability,—"He must go to Tiverton, and ask Mr. Able?"

D.X.

Coke and Cowper, how pronounced.

—Upon what authority is Lord Coke's name pronounced as though it were spelt Cook, and why is Cowper, the poet, generally called Cooper? Is this a modern affectation, or were these names so rendered by their respective owners and their contemporaries? Such illustrious names should certainly be preserved in their integrity, and even pedanticism might blush at corrupting such "household words." There certainly should be no uncertainty on the subject.

C.A.

Orinoco or Orinooko.

—In the Illustrated News of May 26th is an account of the launch of the "Orinoco" steamer. Can any of your readers tell me if this is the correct mode of spelling the name of this river? I believe the natives spell it "Orinooko," the two oo's being pronounced u.

E.D.C.F.

Petty Cury.

—There is a street bearing this name in Cambridge, which was always a mystery to me in my undergraduate days; perhaps some correspondent can unravel it?

E.S.T.

Virgil.

—Æneid, viii. 96.:

"Viridesque secant placido æquore silvas."

Will any of your classical correspondents favour me with their opinion as to whether secant in the above passage is intended to convey, or is capable of conveying, the idea expressed in the following line of Tennyson (Recollections of the Arabian Nights):

This interpretation has been suggested to me as more poetical than the one usually given; but it is only supported by one commentator, Servius.

ERYX.

Sheridan and Vanbrugh.

—Could any of your readers inform me as to the following? I find printed in Sheridan's Dramatic Works by Bohn, a copy of Sir John Vanbrugh's play of The Relapse, or Virtue in Danger. It is, with a very few omissions, an exact reprint, but bears the title of A Trip to Scarborough, or Miss in her Teens. No comment is made, or any mention of Vanbrugh.

O. O.

Quotation from an old Ballad.—

In what old ballad or poetic effusion may the above forcibly expressive, though not remarkably elegant, lines be found? A short time ago they were quoted in The Times' leading article, from which fact I suppose them to be of well-known origin.

NREDRA NAMB.

Replies.

PRINCESSES OF WALES.
(Vol. iii., p. 477.)

The statement of Hume, that Elizabeth and Mary were created Princesses of Wales, rests, I am disposed to think, on most insufficient authority; and I am surprised that so illustrious an author should have made an assertion on such slender grounds, which carries on the face of it a manifest absurdity, and which was afterwards retracted by the very author from whom he borrowed it.

Hume's authority is evidently Burnet's History of the Reformation; (indeed, in some editions your correspondent G. would have seen Burnet referred to) in which are the following passages (vol. i. p. 71., Oxford edition, 1829):

"The King, being out of hopes of more children, declared his daughter (Mary) Princess of Wales, and sent her to Ludlow to hold her court there, and projected divers matches for her."

Again, p. 271.:

"Elizabeth was soon after declared Princess of Wales; though lawyers thought that against law, for she was only heir presumptive, but not apparent, to the crown, since a son coming after he must be preferred. Yet the king would justify what he had done in his marriage with all possible respect; and having before declared the Lady Mary Princess of Wales, he did now the same in favour of the Lady Elizabeth."

Hume's statement is taken almost verbatim from this last passage of Burnet, who, however, it will be observed, does not say "created," but "declared" Princess of Wales; the distinction between which is obvious. He was evidently not aware that Burnet afterwards corrected this statement in an Appendix, entitled, "Some Mistakes in the first Portion of this History communicated to me by Mr. William Fulman, Rector of Hampton Meysey, in Gloucestershire." In this is the following [25] note, in correction of the passages I have quoted (Burn. Hist. Ref., vol. iv. p. 578.):

"Here and in several other places it is supposed that the next heir apparent of the crown was Prince of Wales. The heir apparent of the crown is indeed prince, but not, strictly speaking, of Wales, unless he has it given him by creation; and it is said that there is nothing on record to prove that any of Henry's children were ever created Prince of Wales. There are indeed some hints of the Lady Mary's being styled Princess of Wales; for when a family was appointed for her, 1525, Veysey, bishop of Exeter, her tutor, was made president of Wales. She also is said to have kept her house at Ludlow; and Leland says, that Tekenhill, a house in those parts, built for Prince Arthur, was prepared for her. And Thomas Linacre dedicates his Rudiments of Grammar to her, by the title of Princess of Cornwall and Wales."

This is one of the many instances of the inaccuracy, carelessness, and (where his religious or political prejudices were not concerned) credulity of Burnet. Whatever he found written in any previous historian, unless it militated against his preconceived opinions, he received as true, without considering whether the writer was entitled to credit, and had good means of gaining information. Now, neither Hall, Holinshed, Polydore Virgil, nor (I think) Cardinal Pole, contemporary writers, say anything about Mary or Elizabeth being Princesses of Wales. The only writer I am acquainted with who does say any such thing, previous to Burnet, and whose authority I am therefore compelled to suppose the latter relied on, when he made the statement which he afterwards contradicted, is Pollini, an obscure Italian Dominican, who wrote a work entitled L'Historia Ecclesiastica della Rivoluzion d'Inghilterra; Racolta da Gravissimi Scrittori non meno di quella Nazione, che dell' altri, da F. Girolamo Pollini dell' ordine de Predicatori, della Provincio de Toscana: Roma, Facciotti, 1594. In book i. chapter ii. page 7. of this author is the following statement, which I translate, speaking of the Princess Mary:

"As the rightful heir of the throne she was declared by Henry, her father, Princess of Wales, which is the ordinary title borne by the first-born of the king; since the administration and government of this province is allowed to no other, except to that son or daughter of the king, to whom, by hereditary right, on the death of the king the government of the realm falls.... In the same way that the first-born of the French king is called the Dauphin, so the first-born of the English king is called Prince of Britain, or of Wales, which is a province of that large island, lying to the west, and containing four bishoprics. Which Mary, with the dignity and title of Princess, assisted by a most illustrious senate, and accompanied by a splendid establishment, administered with much prudence," &c.

Pollini's history is, as may be supposed, of very little historical value; and one feels surprised that, on a point like the present, Burnet should have allowed himself to be misled by him. But still more remarkable, in my opinion, is the use Miss Strickland makes of this author. After several times giving him as her authority at the foot of the page, by the name of Pollino, but without giving the least information as to the name of his work, or who he was, she has the following note relating to the passage I have quoted (Lives of the Queens of England, vol. v. p. 156.):

"The Italian then carefully explains that the Princes of Wales were in the same position, in regard to the English crown, as the Dauphins were to that of France. Pollino must have had good documentary evidence, since he describes Mary's council and court, which he calls a senate, exactly as if the Privy Council books had been open to him. He says four bishops were attached to this court."

It seems to one a singular mode of proving that Pollini must have had good documentary evidence, by saying that he speaks exactly and positively; and I would ask what good documentary evidence would a Florentine friar be likely to have, who certainly never was in England, and in all probability never far from his convent? But it is the statement about the bishops that I wish more particularly to allude to, as I can find no statement to that effect in Pollini, and can only suppose that Miss Strickland misunderstood the passage (quoted above) where he says the province of Wales contains four bishoprics.

I think I have now shown that Hume's statement rests on no sufficient grounds as to the authority from whence he derived it. But there is yet another reason against it, which is this: it would be necessary, before Elizabeth was created Princess of Wales, that Mary should be deprived of it; and this could only be done by a special act of parliament. But we find no act of such a nature passed in the reign of Henry VIII. There are other reasons also against it; but having, I think, said enough to show the want of any foundation for the assertion, I shall not trouble you any further.

C.C.R.

Linc. Coll., Oxon., June 26.

THE LATE MR. WILLIAM HONE.
(Vol. iii., p. 477.)

In reply to the inquiry of E.V. relative to the conversion of the late Mr. William Hone, I send a slight reminiscence of him, which may perhaps be generally interesting to the readers of the Every Day Book. It was soon after the period when Mr. Hone (at the time afflicted both in "body and estate") began to acknowledge the truths of Christianity, that I accidentally had an interview with him, though a perfect stranger. Our conversation was brief, but it turned upon the adaptation of the Christian religion to the [26] wants of man, in all the varied stations in which he may be placed on earth, independent of its assurance of a better state hereafter. With child-like meekness, and earnest sincerity, the once contemner and reviler of Christianity testified to me that all his hope for the future was in the great atonement made to reconcile fallen man to his Creator.

Before we parted, I was anxious to possess his autograph, and asked him for it; as I had made some collection towards illustrating, his Every Day Book, to which it would have been no inconsiderable addition. After a moment of deep thought, he presented me with a slip of paper inscribed as follows, in his small and usual very neat hand:—

[3] Ecclesiastes, i. 18.

Shortly after his death, the following appeared in the Evangelical Magazine, which I transcribed at the time:—

"The following was written by Mr. Hone on a blank leaf in his pocket Bible. On a particular occasion he displaced the leaf, and presented it to a gentleman whom we know, and who has correctly copied its contents for publication.

At the sale of Mr. Hone's books, I purchased a bundle of religious pamphlets; among them was Cecil's Friendly Visit to the House of Mourning. From the pencillings in it, it appears to have afforded him much comfort in the various trials, mental and bodily, which it is well known clouded his latter days.

WILLIAM BARTON.

19. Winchester Place,
Southwark Bridge Road.

SHAKSPEARE'S "SMALL LATIN."—HIS USE OF "TRIPLE."
(Vol. iii., p. 497.)

In reference to the observations of A. E. B., I beg leave to say that, in speaking of Shakspeare as a man who had small Latin, I intended no irreverence to his genius. I am no worshipper of Shakspeare, or of any man; but I am willing to do full justice, and to pay all due veneration, to those powers which, with little aid from education, exalted their possessor to the heights of dramatic excellence.

As to the extent of Shakspeare's knowledge of Latin, I think that it was well estimated by Johnson, when he said that "Shakspeare had Latin enough to grammaticize his English." Had he possessed much more than was sufficient for this purpose, Ben Jonson would hardly have called his knowledge of the language small; for about the signification of small there can be no doubt, or about Ben's ability to determine whether it was small or not. But this consideration has nothing to do with the appreciation of Shakspeare's intellect: Shakspeare might know little of Latin and less of Greek, and yet be comparable to Æschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides; as Burns, who may be said to have known no Latin, is comparable, in many passages, even to Horace. "The great instrument of the man of genius," says Thomas Moore, "is his own language," which some knowledge of another language may assist him to wield, but to the wielding of which the knowledge of another language is by no means necessary. The great dramatists of Greece were, in all probability, entirely ignorant of any language but their own; but such ignorance did not incapacitate them from using their own with effect, nor is to be regarded as being, in any way, any detraction from their merits. Shakspeare had but a limited acquaintance with Latin, but such limited acquaintance caused no debilitation of his mental powers, nor is to be mentioned at all to his disparagement. I desire, therefore, to be acquitted, both by A. E. B. and by all your other readers, of entertaining any disrespect for Shakspeare's high intellectual powers.

As to his usage of the word triple, that it is "fairly traced to Shakspeare's own reading" might not unreasonably be disputed. We may, however, concede, if A. E. B. wishes, that it was derived from his own reading, as no trace of its being borrowed is to be found. But I am not sure that if other writers had taken pains to establish this use of the word in our tongue, its establishment would have been much of a "convenient acquisition." Had any man who has three sisters, closely conjoined in bonds of amity, the privilege of calling any one of them a triple sister, I do not consider that he or his language would [27] be much benefited. Ovid, I fear, employed triplex "improperly," as Warburton says that Shakspeare employed triple, when he spoke of the Fates spinning triplici pollice. I cannot find that any writer has imitated him. To call the Fates triplices deæ (Met. viii. 481.), or triplices sorores (Met. viii. 453.), was justifiable; but to term any one of them triplex dea, or to speak of her as spinning triplici fuso or triplici pollice, was apparently to go beyond what the Latin language warranted. A. E. B. rightly observes that triple must be explained as signifying "belonging to three conjoined;" but the use of it in such a sense is not to be supported either by custom or reason, whether in reference to the Latin language or to our own.

MR. SINGER, in his observations on "captious," has a very unlucky remark, which A. E. B. unluckily repeats—"We, no doubt, all know," says MR. SINGER, "by intuition as it were, what Shakspeare meant." If we all know Shakspeare's meaning by intuition, how is it that the "true worshippers of Shakspeare" dispute about his meaning?

J. S. W.

Stockwell, June 27. 1851.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Family of Etty, the Artist (Vol. iii., p. 496.).

—"Mr. Etty, Sen., the architect," mentioned in the passage quoted by your correspondent from Thoresby's Diary, was John Etty, who died Jan. 28th, 1709, at the age of seventy-five. Drake calls him "an ingenious architect," and quotes these lines from his epitaph in the church of All Saints, North Street, in York (Eboracum, p. 277.):—

Although Thoresby and Drake dignify him with the title of architect, he was in fact a carpenter, or what would now be styled "a builder." Mr. Etty had several sons: Marmaduke, the painter mentioned by Thoresby, was one of them. He was called in those days a painter-stainer. Two others, James and William, were brought up to the business of a carpenter—as their father and grandfather were before then. William had two sons: the eldest of whom, John, was also a carpenter. The other was the Reverend Lewis Etty, clerk; who, about a century ago, was incumbent of one of the York churches. I suspect that no work is now extant which is known to be the production of either the architect or the painter; and, but for the incidental allusion to them in the Diary of the Leeds antiquary, the memory of their very names had long since perished. The fact stated in the Diary, of Grinlin Gibbons having wrought at York with Mr. Etty, the architect, is not mentioned in any of the biographical notices of that skilful artist, although its accuracy may be safely accepted upon Thoresby's authority.

The late William Etty, R.A., never claimed descent from the old York family. Most probably he did not know that such persons ever existed. His father, John Etty, and his grandfather, Matthew Etty, were established as millers at York during the latter part of the last century. To the occupation of a miller, John Etty added that of a ginger-bread baker; and in the house in Feasegate, York, where his distinguished son was born, he carried on an extensive business in supplying the smaller shops and itinerant dealers with gingerbread of all descriptions, when it was a more popular luxury or "folk-cate" than it is now. A characteristic anecdote is told of William Etty, which may not inappropriately be introduced here. In his latter days, when in the zenith of his fame, the large sum he was about to receive for one of his pictures was the subject of conversation at a friend's table. "Ah!" said the artist, with the quiet simplicity of manner for which he was remarkable, "it will serve to gild the gingerbread!"

It is possible that a keen genealogist might succeed in connecting the illustrious artist of our day with the Ettys of Thoresby's time, and thus establish a case of hereditary genius. "Mr. Etty, the painter," had a son called John, who attained man's estate about the year 1710. He does not appear to have settled at York, and it is by no means out of the range of probability, that he was the progenitor of Matthew Etty, the miller; who was, I believe, a native of Hull, and who, by the way, named one of his sons, John.

EBORACOMB.

Parish Register of Petworth (Vol. iii., pp. 449. 485. 510.).

—By the parish register abstract accompanying the population returns of 1831, it appears that in that year the earliest existing register of Petworth commenced in 1559. We are indebted to the late Mr. Rickman for this abstract of the dates of all the parish registers in the kingdom; and it would be well if, at the next census, a similar return was called for, that it may be seen what registers are then missing.

As to lost registers, I may state that I possess the bishop's transcripts of sixty registers, signed by the minister and churchwardens of parishes in the county of Kent; they comprise the baptisms, marriages, and burials for the years 1640 and 1641. The registers of sixteen of these parishes do not begin until after 1641, consequently these transcripts are the only records now existing of the baptisms, marriages, and burials in those sixteen parishes for 1640 and 1641.

J. S. B.

Death (Vol. iii., p. 450.).

—The ancients found in the successive transformations of the butterfly a striking and beautiful parallel to the more important career of human existence. Thus to their fancy the caterpillar, or larva, represented man's earthly course; the pupa, or chrysalis state, his death and utter inanition; while the perfect state [28] of the insect typified man's rise to life and glory, a bright glorious being, without spot or trace of earthly stain. The Greeks from this notion named the butterfly "Psyche." A careful examination of the anatomy and physiology of the insect world will show the strict and amazing beauty of this simile.

TEE BEE.

Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor (Vol. iv., p. 9.).

—Your printer has misprinted clamour instead of your own expression demur. Let me add that there was neither clamour nor even demur on that occasion—all went off quietly in the usual course. There is also an omission of two words in a subsequent line, which, though easily supplied, I may as well notice.

"The proclamation is that of the peers alone, but assisted by the others," should rather be "the proclamation is that of the peers alone, but assisted by the ex-Privy Councillors and others," as this marks the distinction between the two classes of assistants more strongly.

C.

"Suum cuique tribuere," &c. (Vol. iii., p. 518.).

—Your correspondent M.D. will find the passage in Cic. Offic., i. 5.

Y. V. S.

Sydenham.

Meaning of Complexion (Vol. i., p. 352.).

—Addison says in Cato:

Here he uses the word complexion as something distinct from "tincture of the skin." The colour of the hair and irides commonly indicates the colour of the skin. If they are dark, the skin is ordinarily dark; and if blue or light, the skin is ordinarily fair. I have seen flaxen hair and surpassing whiteness of skin with eyes as black as death.

S. H.

Gillingham (Vol. iii., pp. 448. 505.).

—As a means of furnishing your correspondent QUIDAM with some historical and local data that may tend to identify the place where that memorable council was convened, by which the succession to the English crown was transferred from the Danish to the Saxon line, I would refer him to Lambard's Perambulation of Kent, published in 1596, pp. 351, 352, 353., as adducing strong evidence in favour of the council alluded to having been held at Gillingham next Chatham.

FRANCISCUS.

Nao, a Ship (Vol. iii., pp. 477. 509.).

—I perfectly agree with GOMER that the early Britons must have possessed vessels more capacious than osier baskets or cyry-glau before they were able to transport warlike assistance to their brethren the Armoricans of Gaul; but I can inform GOMER and A. N. in addition, that a much older term for a ship was made use of by the first inhabitants of Britain, namely Naf, from whence no doubt the Latin Navis sprang; and from the same root the Welsh word Nawf, a swim (now used), was derived. This term Naf is handed down to us in one of the oldest British triads, but which has been always, in my opinion, improperly interpreted. In speaking of the three master works of the island of Britain, is the ship of Nefydd Naf Neifion (or Noah); the translation is simply this—

Here you have the hero personified by his avocation, and the noun from which the proper name is derived, both in the singular and plural number; in the latter sense it is made use of by D. ab Gwilym in the following couplet:

JOHN FENTON.

Glyn y mêl, Fishguard, June 27, 1851.

John Perrot (Vol. iii., p. 336.).

—I possess a neatly written MS., of 88 pp. small 8vo., entitled A Primmer for Children, written by a suffering Servant of God, John Perrot; corrected, ammended, and made more easie: London, in the Yeare 1664. The only notice of him after this date is in p. 290. of Sewel's History of the Quakers:

"Perrot now walked in an erroneous path, grew worse from time to time; even to that degree that, being come into America, he fell into manifold sensualities and works of the flesh; for he not only wore gawdy apparel, but also a sword; and being got into some place in the government, he became a severe exacter of oaths."

E. D.

Sneck up (Vol. i., p. 467.; Vol. ii., p. 14.).

—Sneck up is a stage direction for hiccup, which Sir Toby was likely to observe after his "pickle herring." Davis is quite right in following Theobald. A word for Theobald. Every commentator is indebted to him, and almost every one has abused him, from Warburton and Pope to Coleridge, and without Theobald's notes and most sagacious amendments, ordinary readers would be puzzled to read Shakspeare. The booksellers, I am glad to see, had sense enough to see Theobald's merit, and gave him a far larger sum for his edition than has been paid to most of his successors.

S. H. (2)

Meaning of Senage (Vol. iv., p. 6.).

—Have the kindness to inform W.H., that in my extracts from the Parish Account Book of St. Peter's Mancroft in this city, under the years 1582 and 1588, are entered as follows:—

In Cowel's Law Dictionary, by Thomas Manley, folio, 1701, under the term "Senege," he says: [29]

"There goes out yearly in Proxage and Senage 33s. 6d. Perhaps senege may be money paid for Synodals, as Proxyes or Procurations." "Proxyes are yearly payments made by parish priests to their bishop, or archdeacon, in lieu of victuals for the visitor and his attendants" (which it was formerly the custom to provide).

"Senage. The Senes be only courts to gather Senage and Proxye. The bishop should hold a Synod or Sene twice a year."—Becon's Reliques of Rome, p. 213.

"The priests should come to the Sene as they were wont to do."

The senes, courts, or ecclesiastical councils, were held for the purpose of correcting any neglect or omissions of the Church Reeves (as they were called), and fining them for such omissions, as well as receiving the usual and accustomed payments; and sometimes they were fined for having secreted some Catholic reliques, which were discovered by the visitors (of course after the Reformation), as I have found entries of fines having been paid; and more frequently are entries of "Payd for the withdraft" of the charge for some neglect in not providing articles necessary for the performance of divine worship.

In Sir Thomas More's Works, folio, 1557, pp. 909., 991., "Senes or Indightments" (perhaps Citements or Citations) are mentioned.

No doubt (I think) the term senege is derived from these courts being termed "Senes" and "Seens."

G. H. I.

Norwich, July 5. 1851.

Early Visitations (Vol. iv., p. 8.).

—Your remark that Mr. Noble's statements "are extremely loose" is, generally speaking, very just; although in the particular instance referred to there is some foundation for his statement, as in the 12th Henry VI. commissions were issued into the several counties, not merely to collect the names of the gentry, but to administer an oath to the gentry and others for conservation of the peace and observance of the laws. The returns containing the names of the parties sworn in all the counties (except twelve) are printed by Fuller in his Worthies from records in the Tower, which are probably yet extant. See Rotuli Parliamentorum, iv. 455.; v. 434.; Fuller's Worthies of England, chap. xiv.; Grimaldi's Origines Genealogicæ, 68, 69. I do not understand that all the parties who were sworn were accounted gentlemen, although Dr. Fuller's and Mr. Grimaldi's impressions on this point appear to have been similar to Mr. Noble's.

C. H. COOPER.

Cambridge, July 5. 1851.

Rifles (Vol. iii., p. 517.).

—I am neither Mr. Gordon Cumming, nor an officer of the Rifle Brigade; nevertheless, I have seen much of rifles and rifle-firing; and I think I can assure your correspondent A. C. that "We make the best rifles" is rather an assumption. That the Americans make most excellent ones, there can be no doubt; but I question whether they ever turned out a rifle which, either for finish or performance, would bear comparison with those made by Purdey, Lancaster, and others. As an example of what an English rifle will do, I subjoin the performance ——[4] of one made by Beattie of Regent Street on Minie's principle for an officer in the artillery now going out to the Cape. At one thousand measured yards, sixteen balls out of thirty were put into the target; and at four hundred yards, balls were driven through four regulation targets, each of two inch oak, placed six inches apart from one another; and into the earthen mound behind them ten or twelve inches. If the Americans can beat that, either for precision or force, they may claim to make the best rifles.

[4] In Woolwich Marshes.

E. N. W.

Southwark, June 30. 1851.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

A Glossary of Terms used for Articles of British Dress and Armour, by the Rev. John Williams (ab Ithel), classifies alphabetically the several names which our British forefathers applied to the different portions of their garments and military weapons, and supplies the reader with their English synonymes; and, in the majority of cases, cites corroborative passages from documents in which the original terms occur. Its value to the antiquaries of the Principality is sufficiently obvious; and as Celtic elements may still be traced in our language, it will clearly be found of equal utility to their English brethren.

The Golden and Silver Ages. Two Plays by Thomas Heywood, with an Introduction and Notes by J. Payne Collier, Esq. (which form the last work issued by the Shakspeare Society), will be read with great interest by the members; and, as completing the second volume of the collected edition of the works of Thomas Heywood, will give great satisfaction to those who urged upon the Shakspeare Society the propriety of printing an edition of the works of this able and prolific dramatist.

In his Manual of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Mind, by James Carlile, D.D., the author has undertaken to write a popular treatise on an abstruse subject; and though he exhibits pains and method, yet we can hardly think that he has succeeded in his difficult task. One mistake he has evidently made. He seeks his illustrations too much from recent events, the Gorham controversy, the presidency of Louis Napoleon, and the like; references which are more calculated to degrade a great subject than to popularise it.

In The Gentleman's Magazine for the present month our readers will find a very able article, to which we beg to direct their attention, on the present state of [30] English Historical Literature, the accessibility of our Historical Materials and the Record Offices. The article has apparently been called forth by a Memorial, addressed to the Master of the Rolls, requesting "that persons who are merely engaged in historical inquiry, antiquarian research, and other literary pursuits connected therewith, should have permission granted to them to have access to the Public Records, with the Indexes and Calendars, without payment of any Fee." This important document is signed by all the principal historical and antiquarian writers of the day: we should think, therefore, that there can be little fear of their prayer being refused. The writer of the article in the Gentleman's Magazine has omitted two curious facts, which deserve mention,—one that Pinkerton was stopped in the progress of his History of Scotland by the fees for searches in the Scotch Record Offices; the other, that those fees in those very offices have recently been remitted.

Mr. Douglas Allport has issued Proposals for the publication by subscription of a volume entitled Kits Coty House, a Monograph, which, as it is to treat not only of Kits Coty House, but of its Flora and Fauna, the Druidical Circles of Addington and Colebrook, the Antiquarian Relics and Traditions of the neighbourhood, Boxley and its Rood of Grace, Chaucer and the Pilgrim's Road, and other vestiges of bygone times, clearly has within its subject the materials for an amusing and interesting volume.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.

• BEBELII ECCLESIA ANTE-DILUVIANA, &c. Argent. 4to. 1665.
• TYNDALE'S "PARABLE OF THE WICKED MAMMON." Any Edition prior to 1550.
• THE DAPHNIS AND CHLOE OF LONGUS. Courier's French Translation.
• BELL'S SYSTEM OF SURGERY. Vol. I.
• THE CHIRURGICAL WORKS OF PERCIVAL POTTS. Vol. I.
• ANDERSON, PHILOSOPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE. 4to.
• BOHMEN'S WORKS, by Law. Complete.
• BROOKE, WINTER IN LAPLAND AND SWEDEN. 4to.
• BROOKSHAW, POMONA BRITANNICA. 2 Vols. 4to.
• BROWNE, CIVIL AND NATURAL HISTORY OF JAMAICA. Folio.
• BRYANT, DISSERT. ON THE WAR OF TROY. 4to.
• —— OBSERV. ON LE CHEVALIER'S PLAIN OF TROY. 4to.
• —— MORETT'S VINDIC. OF HOMER. 4to.
• BRYDGES, RES LITERARIÆ, BIBL. AND CRITICAL. 3 Vols. 8vo.
• BYRES, ETRURIAN ANTIQUITIES, by Howard. Folio.
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      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]

      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851      | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July 5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548  |
      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+