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Title: Better Meals for Less Money

Author: Marietta McPherson Greenough

Release date: November 30, 2010 [eBook #34509]
Most recently updated: January 7, 2021

Language: English

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BETTER MEALS FOR LESS MONEY ***

BETTER MEALS FOR

LESS MONEY

BY

MARY GREEN

NEW YORK

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY

1917


Copyright, 1917,

BY

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY


PREFACE

With the steadily increasing cost of all staple foods the need of intelligent buying, cooking, and serving is greater than ever before: more money must be spent for food, or more consideration must be given to selecting and using it. For those who would continue to serve their households well, and whose allowance for food has not kept pace with prices, there is only one alternative, and that is, to use more of the cheaper foods, and to prepare and combine them so skilfully that economy shall not be a hardship. Good meals depend not so much upon expensive material as upon care and good judgment in the use of ordinary material. The time-worn boarding-house jokes about prunes and hash mean simply that these foods, in themselves excellent, are poorly prepared and too frequently served.

It is the plan of this book to include a variety of (1) recipes which require only a small amount of meat; (2) recipes for vegetable dishes which can take the place of meat; (3) recipes for the economical use of cereals, dairy products, and other common inexpensive foods; (4) recipes for breads, cakes, and desserts requiring only a small amount of butter and eggs; and (5) recipes for a few relishes, condiments, and other accessories which lend variety and interest. The General Suggestions for Economy (Chapter I) are not all new, but are liable, through disuse, to be forgotten by the present generation. Spasmodic economy counts for little in the long run; only systematic and continued watchfulness is really worth while.

Economy, however, ought not to necessitate the total elimination of one's favorite cuts of steak, nor all of the little luxuries, because by the skilful planning of the majority of the meals the occasional use of these luxuries can be made possible.

This book is not intended as a complete guide to cookery; it presupposes an elementary knowledge of the care and preparation of food.

The study of Tables D and E in the Appendix is especially recommended as an aid to the better understanding of food values.

M. G.


CONTENTS

I.General Suggestions for Economy
II.Common Ways of Cooking Food
III.Appetizers and Relishes
IV.Beverages
V.Soups without Meat
VI.Soups and Stews with Meat or Fish
VII.Chowders
VIII.Fish
IX.Meats
X.Sauces and Stuffings for Fish and Meats
XI.Eggs
XII.Cheese and Nuts
XIII.Vegetables
XIV.Cereals, Macaroni, and Rice
XV.Croquettes and Fritters
XVI.Salads and Salad Dressings
XVII.Yeast Breads, Muffins, and Rolls
XVIII.Baking Powder Breads, Muffins, and Biscuit
XIX.Shortcakes and Roulettes
XX.Sandwiches and Toasts
XXI.Griddle Cakes, Waffles, and Sirups
XXII.Cakes and Cookies
XXIII.Icings and Fillings
XXIV.Hot Desserts
XXV.Cold Desserts
XXVI.Frozen Desserts
XXVII.Sauces for Desserts
XXVIII.Pastries
XXIX.Fruits, Cooked and Uncooked
XXX.Candies
APPENDIX
A.Table of Weights and Measures
B.Time Table for Cooking
C.Temperature Table
D.Table of Caloric Values of Average Portions of Food
E.Table of Caloric Values of Raw Food Materials
F.Table of Normal Weights for Men and Women
G.List of Government Publications on Foods and Cooking
Index

Before using recipes see Special Notice on Page 14.

[Pg 1]


CHAPTER I

GENERAL SUGGESTIONS FOR ECONOMY

PLANNING MEALS

In order to buy, prepare, and serve food to the best possible advantage, an elementary knowledge of the composition and nutritive value of foods, and the necessary food requirement of the family, is essential. Many books are published on these subjects, but from the government publications alone (see page 255) an excellent working knowledge may be obtained. Only the merest outline can be given here, and this should be supplemented by further reading.

Briefly stated, food is divided into three chief classes:[1] (1) Protein, which builds and repairs the tissues.[2] It is furnished chiefly by meats, fish, cheese, milk, eggs, cereals, and legumes. (2) Fats, which furnish heat and energy, but are chiefly valuable for storing a reserve supply of fat in the body. They are furnished largely by butter, cream, olive and similar vegetable oils, bacon and other fat meats. (3) Carbohydrates, which furnish heat and energy. They[Pg 2] are supplied chiefly by potatoes and other vegetables, cereals, fruits, and sugars.

People who are eating the proper amount and kind of food should approximate the normal weight[3] for their sex, age, and height. For the proper maintenance of the body, a man of average height and weight, of sedentary life,[4] requires daily food which will yield about 2,500 calories;[5] a woman of average height and weight, about 2,300 calories (more or less according to activity). Children between two and five years require from 1,200 to 1,400 calories; between five and ten years, from 1,400 to 1,900 calories; and from ten to fourteen years, from 1,900 to 2,500 calories. Girls between fourteen and seventeen years require from 2,200 to 2,600 calories; and boys between fourteen and seventeen years, from 2,500 to 3,000 calories. Of the total number of calories furnished ten per cent. should be protein, approximately 30 per cent. fat, and 60 per cent. carbohydrates.

Before planning meals the consideration of these caloric requirements and the study of the "Caloric Value of Average Portions of Food" (Table D, page 245) and of the "Fuel Value of Raw Materials" (Table E, page 250) will help in the selection of foods to yield approximately the desired amount of nutrition. It is not necessary or desirable that the exact amount of each class of foods should be reckoned daily; but by the general study of foods and their nutritive value, and the food requirements of the[Pg 3] body, which vary with age, sex, and conditions, the housekeeper may serve her family with the kinds and amount of food best suited to their needs. She should plan to use in a week as large a variety of food as possible, and to avoid an excess of any one class. With a definite idea of the needs of the family, she should take account of the stock in the ice-box and pantry, and see that every bit of food is utilized to advantage. Meals should be planned in detail at least one day in advance, and, if possible, outlined for several days ahead; though these plans must, of course, be varied slightly, at times, according to the amount of left-over material and the exigencies of supply and demand. Each day's programme should be plainly written; any special recipes to be used noted; and a list made of supplies to be ordered. To have the meals planned well in advance and the order list ready saves a deal of nervous energy, time, and money.

MARKETING

If possible, attend personally to your marketing and consider carefully the quality, quantity, and cost of your purchases in relation to the needs of your purse and your household. Ask for what you want, and try hard to get it; but in trying to buy supplies at lowest prices be sure that the time and nervous energy spent are not out of proportion to the amount of money saved.

MEAT

In considering the price of meat, the amount of bone, fat, gristle, and so forth should be taken into account. Many of the coarser and cheaper parts contain as much[Pg 4] nutriment as the more expensive cuts, and can, by proper cooking, be made fully as palatable. See that every bit of left-over meat is used to advantage and in a variety of ways; the rinds of bacon and salt pork when cooked with spinach or other greens, or in soups of peas or beans, add both flavor and richness.

THE STOCK POT

All trimmings and bones, both cooked and uncooked, and any left-over bits of meat or gravy that are not needed for other dishes, should be put into the stock pot, covered with cold water, and simmered (not boiled) with soup vegetables and savory herbs for three or four hours. Almost any left-over vegetable can be added, including macaroni, rice, and the scrapings of the cereal cooker. If the family is small, the cereal cooker itself makes an excellent stock pot: to the remnants of breakfast cereal, add any soup material at hand; cover with cold water; cook slowly; strain; and, if necessary, add one or two bouillon cubes, and a few drops of kitchen bouquet. When soup stock is lacking in richness a small amount of gelatine improves the quality.

The water in which vegetables, macaroni, rice, or any meats, either fresh or salt, are cooked contains valuable mineral matter as well as flavor, and should be added wholly or in part to the stock pot. Order corned meats lightly salted so that all of the stock may be used. Be sure that all fat is removed from soup stock before using. Do not serve greasy soups. When stock must be used before the fat has had time to harden, skim off as much as possible, and remove what remains with clean blotting paper, or a lump of ice wrapped in cheesecloth.[Pg 5]

FISH

Fresh fish is offered in variety at all seasons of the year, and is a valuable and comparatively inexpensive food; salted and smoked fish contain much protein in a concentrated form; the canned varieties are important, too, especially for the emergency shelf, as they furnish a substantial, inexpensive food which can be served in many ways at short notice.

GROCERIES

Groceries in sealed packages are, as a rule, slightly more expensive than those sold in bulk; but they are cleaner, often fresher, and more convenient to store and use.

BUTTER AND OTHER SHORTENING

To the taste of the average person, there is no real equivalent for the flavor of fine creamery butter, but, for cooking, excellent results may be obtained by the use of cheaper shortening, beginning with the common household fats which are so often discarded. All drippings from the roasts and fat from boiled meats should be carefully strained and saved; beef and chicken fat may be used in many recipes, including those for cookies, cakes, meat sauces, soups, and made dishes; bacon fat is excellent for corn cake, meat sauces, and soups of peas, beans, or lentils; sausage fat may be used for gingerbread, cookies, poultry stuffing, and also for frying potatoes and other vegetables, for in these the spicy flavoring is not objectionable. Both bacon and sausage fat and that from soup stock are useful for basting lean roasts, fish, or meat loaf. Any surplus fat, including that of lamb and mutton, should be clarified and added to that in the frying kettle.[Pg 6] Fat which cannot be utilized for cooking should be made into kitchen soap.

COOKING FATS—OILS

There are many excellent brands of wholesome cooking fats and oils on the market, including peanut, corn, and cottonseed oil, and compound vegetable fats. Almost any of these costs less than butter.

OLEOMARGARINE

The best oleomargarine is wholesome and economical, and much to be preferred to inferior grades of butter.

MILK

Milk, even at present prices, gives good return in food value. Unsweetened evaporated milk, which is absolutely sterile and clean, costs no more, and in some places costs less, than fresh milk, and can be used to advantage to supplement the supply. Because of its consistency it is an excellent substitute for cream in frozen desserts.

CREAM

When eggs are relatively cheaper than cream, the stiffly beaten white of an egg may be used to advantage to mix with beaten cream. Thin cream whipped with a whip churn is lighter and less expensive than heavy cream beaten.

EGGS

Unless the winter's supply of eggs has been preserved in water glass, guaranteed cold storage eggs will be found satisfactory, and much cheaper than hennery eggs. Only[Pg 7] enough for a few days should be bought at a time, however, and they should be kept in a cold place until used. Wash eggs before breaking, and save the shells for clearing boiled coffee, soup, and aspic. For coating croquettes, dilute each beaten egg with one-fourth cup of water or one-third cup of milk; cover unused yolks with water to prevent drying, and pour off water before using. Have both yolk and white of egg cold, so that they may be beaten more quickly; add a pinch of salt to whites of eggs which are to be beaten stiff, and beat in a current of air. Soft-boiled or dropped eggs not used at table should be put back in boiling water, cooked hard, and used for garnishing, egg sauce, etc.

CHEESE

Cheese is nutritious and, even at present prices, economical, as it contains a large proportion of protein in concentrated form. It can be successfully combined with many other foods, and every left-over bit should be so used; when partly dry it should be put through the food chopper, using a fine cutter; when very dry it should be grated and used in sauces, soufflés, soups, and many other dishes. Cheese is more readily digested if a pinch of baking soda is cooked with it. To keep cheese moist and fresh, brush the cut surface with melted paraffin. Save left-over Welsh rarebit for sandwich filling. The shells of Edam or pineapple cheeses should not be thrown away, but be filled with creamed macaroni, spaghetti, or rice, covered with crumbs, and baked in a hot oven.

FRESH VEGETABLES

A variety of vegetables should be served daily, and those which contain a large amount of protein, such as beans,[Pg 8] lentils, and peas, should be used not only as an accompaniment to meat, but, in combination with other vegetables, sauces, bacon or other fats, as the substantial dish of the meal.

DRIED VEGETABLES

Dried vegetables should be soaked in cold water for twelve hours or longer, and then cooked slowly until tender; dried julienne should be soaked for twenty-four hours before cooking.

MACARONI, NOODLES, RICE, CEREALS

Macaroni, noodles and similar pastas, rice, and the cereals furnish much nutriment at low cost; oatmeal and corn meal are among our cheapest foods.

Ready cooked cereals, though they are convenient and give variety to the diet, are more expensive than raw cereals well cooked; not only do they yield less food value, but, being dry, they require more cream or milk to make them palatable.

LEFT-OVER VEGETABLES

Left-over vegetables and cereals, even in small quantities, should be saved for use in entrées, desserts, salads, sauces, and soups. Celery tops should be saved for flavoring and garnishing, the root stalk chopped and added to the stock pot, and the outside stalks stewed, creamed, or used for cream soup. The outside leaves of lettuce should be shredded for salad, or, for any large quantity, cooked the same as spinach.

CANNED VEGETABLES

The flavor of canned vegetables is improved if, before being cooked, they are rinsed with cold water and exposed[Pg 9] to the air. Parsley and chives may be kept growing in pots in the kitchen window to be used as needed.

SALADS

Salads should be freely used at all seasons, and be made light or nourishing according to the foods served with them. They offer an opportunity to the housekeeper to exercise her ingenuity in combining various vegetables, meats, and fruits, especially left-over bits. Crisp white cabbage, shredded, may be used in place of celery.

SALAD DRESSINGS

Salad dressings need not necessarily be made of olive oil, for there are other good and less expensive vegetable oils well worth using, and many of the cooked salad dressings without oil are excellent.

BREAD

Various kinds of bread should be freely used, especially whole wheat and other cereal breads, and those containing raisins, dates, and prunes. Watch the bread-box, and see that every bit of bread is used in some way; the unused crusts should be dried, rolled, sifted, and kept in a covered jar for stuffing, crumbing croquettes, brown bread, puddings, or other dishes in which the color is not objectionable; cold toast or cut slices should be made into croutons, or used for canapés or French toast; other pieces should be used for croustades, or made into crumbs, both coarse and fine, for use in fondues, griddle cakes, omelets, sauces, and soups. Bits of crackers should be dried, rolled, and used the same as bread crumbs.[Pg 10]

CAKE

None of the recipes for cake require more than two eggs; many, only one; and some, none at all. Water may always be used in place of milk, and any clean, fresh shortening may be substituted for butter, especially in the recipes which include molasses and spices. These cakes will not keep moist like richer cakes, however, and should be used soon after making.

Slices of stale cake and crumbs should be utilized in making other desserts in combination with custards, ices, preserves, etc.

BAKING POWDER

Do not use more baking powder than is necessary for good results; two level teaspoons to each cup of flour is the usual allowance, but one and one-half teaspoons each to each cup will be sufficient if the muffins, biscuits, or cake are quickly and lightly handled and properly baked.

FLAVORING EXTRACTS

When volatile flavoring extracts are used in cake, much of their strength is wasted during baking; grated rind or spices could well be used in their place, or only the icing or filling flavored. All desserts, whenever practicable, should be flavored when cold.

COLORING

The small package of red coloring which comes with gelatine is useful for coloring cakes, icings, and other desserts as well as jellies.

FRUITS

Fruits, either fresh, dried, or preserved, should be served at least once a day; dried fruits, such as apricots,[Pg 11] peaches, and prunes, should be soaked in cold water for twelve hours or longer and then cooked slowly until tender. Raisins, dates, and figs yield a large food value at comparatively low cost. Bananas, which contain more nutriment than most fresh fruits, should be used for salads or desserts when the other courses are light. In cooking acid fruits, such as cranberries, plums, and cherries, less sugar is required if added after cooking. Parings and cores from quinces and apples can be made into excellent jelly; the rinds of watermelons are the foundation of a delicious sweet pickle; orange and grape fruit peel, when candied, are well worth the trouble of making. Surplus orange, lemon, and grape fruit peels, when dried, are not only useful for flavoring, but make an interesting and aromatic fuel for the fire-place; the nut meat found in prune stones tastes much like that of bitter almonds and can be used in place of them.

When making jelly remember that the pulp of the fruit after the juice has dripped from it may be made into excellent marmalade: cover with water, heat to boiling point, press through a sieve, add three-quarters of the amount of sugar, and cook until thick.

CANDIES

In spite of its cost, candy is now classed by many with the necessities rather than with the luxuries. After a little practice even the most elaborate candies can be successfully made at home, and the difference between the cost of a pound of the best ready-made candy and the cost of the raw materials is astonishing. For those who can spare the time, candy-making will prove both fascinating[Pg 12] and economical. Recipes for a few after-dinner candies are given.

CONDIMENTS

A small supply of condiments and relishes, including kitchen bouquet, ketchup, and sweet herbs, and one or two table sauces, should be kept in stock, as they make possible a greater variety of flavors. Many home-made sauces and relishes can be easily and quickly prepared and are usually much cheaper than the ready-made varieties.

CANDLE STUBS

Candle stubs should be melted, strained through cheesecloth, and used for sealing ketchup, jellies, and preserves.

GARNISHINGS

Any dish, attractively garnished and served, pleases the eye, stimulates the appetite, and often lifts a simple meal out of the commonplace. Parsley, mint, celery tops, red and green peppers, olives, pickles, capers, cooked beets and carrots, hard-cooked egg, lemon cut in various shapes, nuts, cherries, and other small fruits are all effective if not too lavishly used.

UTENSILS

A reasonable equipment of kitchen utensils and a convenient, systematic arrangement of them will save time and strength. Kitchen scales are almost indispensable, and a cooking thermometer eliminates guesswork, especially in boiling sugar and heating fat for frying. Pans, molds, and cutters of various shapes prevent monotony; suitable baking dishes and covered casserole dishes simplify both cooking and serving; and food cooked or served in individual[Pg 13] dishes is often more attractive. When the cogs of the egg beater slip, do not discard it, but tighten the rivet; keep knives well sharpened. Cream jars, jugs, bottles, or any other containers for which a charge is made, should be promptly returned to be credited.

FUEL

Do not waste fuel; concentrate your cooking; when a hot oven is needed for roasting meat or baking bread, plan to cook at the same time other things which require a high temperature; potatoes can be cooked in the pan with the meat; other vegetables and fruits can be cooked in the oven; and if a coal fire is used, a variety of food can be cooked in a steamer on top of the range without extra fuel.

Have the ashes sifted and save the cinders, which yield a quick top heat.

Economize gas by using the minimum amount necessary to keep food cooking at the desired temperature. When the boiling point is reached a small supply of gas will maintain the temperature.

Fireless cookers save much fuel and unnecessary heat, and are especially useful for any food which requires long, slow cooking, or for those foods of strong odor which so often scent up the whole house.

[Pg 14]


SPECIAL NOTICE

All ingredients in these recipes should be measured level, and the standard teaspoon, tablespoon, and half-pint measuring cup should be used.

Unless otherwise stated, one apple, onion, orange, etc., means one of medium size.

Sift flour before measuring, and fill cup lightly. Use pastry flour, unless otherwise directed, for thickening soups and sauces, and in all recipes where baking powder is used; use bread flour in all recipes where yeast is used.

The majority of these recipes are planned to serve four persons; those for chowders and other dishes which form the substantial part of the meal are sufficient for second helpings; those for cakes, muffins, and other breads are large enough to be served more than once.[Pg 15]


CHAPTER II

COMMON WAYS OF COOKING FOOD

Baking is cooking in confined heat in the oven. Examples: bread, cake, meat. This method when applied to meat is commonly called roasting. Before baking, see that the oven is clean and heated to the desired temperature.

Boiling is cooking by immersion in water at 212° F. Examples: potatoes, cabbage, macaroni.

Braising is a combination of stewing on the top of the range, and baking in the oven, with or without vegetables. Examples: tough meats, fowl, whole liver.

Broiling or Grilling is cooking over or under direct heat, as over glowing coals or under a gas flame. Examples: steak, chops.

Fricasseeing is commonly a combination of stewing and sautéing. Examples: fowl, forequarter of lamb or veal.

Frying is cooking by immersion in hot deep fat. Examples: doughnuts, croquettes.

Pan-baking or Pan-broiling is cooking in a lightly greased or ungreased hot frying pan or griddle. Examples: steak, English muffins, griddle cakes.

Pot Roasting is cooking in an iron kettle or earthen pot in a small amount of water, after meat has been quickly browned in a small amount of fat in the frying pan[Pg 16] or kettle. Cook slowly until very tender, with or without vegetables.

Roasting is cooking before an open fire. This method is seldom used in small households, although the baking of meats is commonly called roasting.

Sautéing is cooking in a small amount of fat in a shallow pan on top of range. Examples: sliced fish, meat, potatoes, eggs.

Simmering is cooking in liquid at 185° F. The bubbles should always be below the surface. Examples: ham, corned beef, soups.

Steaming. Dry Steaming is cooking by heat of steam, as in double boiler or tin, over or surrounded by boiling water. Examples: rice, brown bread. Moist Steaming is cooking by direct contact with steam as in a steamer or colander, over boiling water, closely covered. Examples: fowl, puddings, dumplings.

Stewing is cooking slowly in a small amount of water (about 160° F.) until food is very tender. Examples: beef, lamb, vegetables.[Pg 17]


CHAPTER III

APPETIZERS AND RELISHES

1.—COCKTAIL SAUCE

¼ cup tomato ketchup½ teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon bottled horseradish1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
2 tablespoons vinegarDash of cayenne

Mix, and serve in four small glasses or lemon shells, with six small clams or oysters in each. Shrimps, prawns, or lobster may be used instead of clams or oysters.

2.—ASHEVILLE CANAPÉS

Peel and cut small tomatoes in quarter-inch slices; cut thin rounds of bread the same size as tomatoes; toast bread, spread with Mustard Butter (see No. 459), or salad dressing, and cover with a slice of tomato; season lightly with salt and pepper, and cover with thin slices of cooked chicken livers. Garnish with parsley.

3.—CLUB CANAPÉS

Mix devilled ham with a little grated cheese; spread on thin rounds of brown bread, and mark into quarters with finely chopped pickle. Chop fine the white of a hard-cooked egg, and cover two opposite quarters; press the yolk through a sieve, and cover the remaining quarters.[Pg 18]

4.—CRAB MEAT CANAPÉS

1 cup crab meat1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
¼ teaspoon paprika1 tablespoon lemon juice
½ teaspoon salt½ teaspoon horseradish
¼ teaspoon mustard

Chop crab meat, mix well with seasonings, and spread on thin rounds of untoasted brown bread. Garnish with small cube of lemon.

5.—MOCK CRAB CANAPÉS

1 cup canned corn1 teaspoon anchovy paste
¼ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons grated cheese
1/3 teaspoon paprika

Use one cup of corn which has been drained from its juice; put through food chopper, using the finest cutter; add seasonings and cheese, and spread on small rounds of toast. Garnish with small pickles sliced lengthwise.

6.—GLOUCESTER CANAPÉS

Cook a small haddock roe in boiling salted water for fifteen minutes, remove skin, mash, add a tablespoon of butter, half a teaspoon of anchovy paste, one-fourth teaspoon of paprika, and enough cream to moisten; add salt if necessary. Mound on small rounds of toast, and garnish with sliced pickles and parsley.

7.—TUNA CANAPÉS

1 cup tuna fish½ tablespoon olive oil
1 tablespoon tomato ketchup½ teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon lemon juice¼ teaspoon paprika

Chop fish, add seasonings, and spread on small rounds of lightly toasted bread. Garnish with sliced pimolas.[Pg 19]

8.—CELERY RELISH

Cut large white stalks of celery in two-inch lengths, fill with cream cheese which has been seasoned with salt, pepper, and Worcestershire sauce. Garnish with a small piece of celery top.

9.—CHEESE AND APPLE RINGS

1 large tart apple1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
½ cup soft cheese cut fineDash of cayenne
1/8 teaspoon salt2 tablespoons cream

Pare and core apples, and cut in one-third-inch slices; mix cheese with seasonings and cream, beat to a paste, and spread or force through a rose tube on apple rings. Dust with paprika.

10.—SPANISH CHEESE

Cook together one and a half cups of soft or grated cheese with one-fourth cup of chili sauce until the cheese is melted. Serve immediately on toasted crackers or rounds of toast, as an appetizer or savory.

11.—CANTALOUPE COCKTAIL

2 cups cantaloupeJuice of ½ lemon
1/3 cup preserved ginger2 tablespoons powdered sugar

Cut melon in small cubes, or in balls (using a potato cutter). Add chopped ginger, lemon juice, and sugar, and serve very cold.

12.—FRUIT COCKTAIL

2 tart apples1 teaspoon lemon juice
1 large banana4 tablespoons powdered sugar
2 oranges

Cut apples and bananas in small cubes; remove pith and seeds from oranges, cut pulp in small pieces, and add[Pg 20] with juice to apples and bananas; add lemon juice and sugar, place in a shallow dish, and put directly on ice for ten minutes to chill; serve in glasses, and garnish with a Preserved Cranberry (see No. 670), or a spoonful of Mock Bar-le-Duc (see No. 666). Peeled Tokay or Malaga grapes and a little grated pineapple may be added to advantage.

13.—WINTER CHILI SAUCE

1 can tomatoes1/8 teaspoon cayenne
2 onions finely chopped½ teaspoon cinnamon
1/3 cup brown sugar¼ teaspoon clove
1½ teaspoons salt1/3 cup vinegar
1 teaspoon paprika

Mix, and simmer about half an hour or until thick.

14.—PICCALILLI

3 quarts green tomatoes2 quarts vinegar
3 quarts ripe tomatoes1 quart sugar
2 red peppers1 teaspoon cinnamon
3 onions½ teaspoon clove
½ cup salt4 tablespoons white mustard seed

Put vegetables through the food chopper, using coarse cutter; sprinkle with salt, let stand over night, and drain; add other ingredients, and cook about forty-five minutes.

15.—TABLE SAUCE

12 ripe tomatoes¼ teaspoon pepper
1 onion1 cup vinegar
3 green peppers1 teaspoon ground clove
2 tablespoons sugar1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1½ tablespoons salt2 teaspoons mustard
1 teaspoon paprika

Wipe tomatoes, cut in halves, and put in a clean, smooth preserving kettle; add onion and peppers sliced, and seasonings;[Pg 21] simmer two hours, and press through a sieve; return to kettle, simmer one hour, and seal in jars or bottles; when cool, dip tops in paraffin. This may be used in place of ready-made sauce.

16.—TOMATO KETCHUP

1 peck ripe tomatoes½ cup whole mixed spices
3 onions1 clove of garlic
½ cup salt1/3 cup dry mustard
2 teaspoons cayenne1 quart vinegar
2 tablespoons paprika1 cup brown sugar

Wipe tomatoes, cut in halves, and put in a smooth, clean preserving kettle; add onions sliced, cook slowly for one hour, and press through a sieve; add salt, cayenne, and paprika; tie mixed spices, garlic, and mustard in double cheesecloth, add to tomatoes, and cook rapidly until mixture begins to thicken; boil vinegar and sugar together while tomatoes are cooking; add them to strained tomato; cook until ketchup is thick, or until water will not separate from it when tried on a plate. Remove spice bag, seal in sterilized jars or bottles, and when cool dip tops in melted paraffin.

17.—SMALL CUCUMBER PICKLES (Gherkins)

Wash thoroughly, count, and for every hundred cucumbers allow one cup of salt. Cover with boiling water. Let stand twenty-four hours; then drain. Fill quart preserve jars with cucumbers, then add two tablespoons of mixed whole spices, a piece of alum the size of a pea, and boiling vinegar to fill the jar. Seal, and let stand a week before using. The boiling water should be measured, as an equal amount of vinegar will be needed.[Pg 22]

18.—PEPPER HASH

6 green peppers1 quart vinegar
6 red peppers1 cup brown sugar
6 onions2 tablespoons salt
1 small white cabbage2 tablespoons mustard seed

Remove seeds from peppers and chop fine with the onion and cabbage. Put in cheesecloth, scald with boiling water, and squeeze dry; heat vinegar, sugar, salt, and mustard seed, add vegetables, and bring to the boiling point. When cool, put in a stone crock or small jars.

19.—PICKLED NASTURTIUM SEEDS

Into one quart of cider vinegar put three tablespoons salt and five or six slices of horseradish root. Pour into a jar and cover closely. Add the seeds as they ripen. Use in salads, sauces, or for garnishing as a substitute for capers.[Pg 23]


CHAPTER IV

BEVERAGES

20.—COFFEE, EGG, AND MILK

2 eggs1½ teaspoons instantaneous coffee
2½ tablespoons sugar3 cups milk
Few grains salt

Beat the eggs until light; add the other ingredients, and strain into glasses. Serve very cold. (This recipe fills four tumblers.)

21.—GRAPE JUICE (Unfermented)

Pick over and wash grapes, barely cover with water, and cook until soft and white; drain through cheesecloth, and to each quart of juice add one cup each of water and sugar; bring to boiling point, skim, bottle, and cork tightly. When cold, dip corks into melted paraffin.

22.—GRAPE EGGNOG

1 egg¼ cup milk
1/3 cup grape juiceNutmeg
1 teaspoon powdered sugar

Beat egg until very light, add grape juice and sugar, and beat again, add milk, beat well, pour into a glass, and dust with nutmeg.[Pg 24]

23.—GINGER PUNCH

1¼ cups sugar2 teaspoons Jamaica ginger
1 quart boiling water½ cup orange juice
Grated rind 1 lemon1/3 cup lemon juice

Boil sugar and water with the lemon rind for ten minutes; when cool, add ginger and fruit juice, and strain over cracked ice.

24.—GINGER ALE PUNCH

½ cup mint leaves1 cup boiling water
1¼ cups sugar2 pints ginger ale
Juice of 3 lemons1 pint grape juice

Pour boiling water over mint leaves, sugar, and grated rind of one lemon, and let stand until cool; strain into a punch bowl containing ice, add ginger ale, grape juice, and strained lemon juice; garnish with sprigs of mint.

25.—MINT JULEP (Ginger Ale)

¾ cup sugar4 sprigs mint
1 cup water1 pint ginger ale
Juice of 3 lemons

Boil sugar and water ten minutes, and cool; add strained lemon juice, mint leaves bruised, and ginger ale; half fill glasses with crushed ice, add julep, and garnish with a sprig of mint.

26.—MINT LEMONADE

1 cup sugar1 cup mint leaves
6 cups waterJuice of 3 lemons

Boil sugar and water twenty minutes; add mint, and let stand until cold; add lemon juice, and strain into glasses half filled with cracked ice. Garnish with sprigs of mint.[Pg 25]

27.—TEA

Tea should be made from freshly drawn, freshly boiled water, poured over the dry tea, which has been put into a clean, scalded teapot. Cover with a cozy or stand on back of range for three or four minutes. Allow from a half to a full teaspoon of tea to each cup, according to the variety used. The finer varieties made from the first pickings require less than the coarser kinds. Be sure that tea does not boil. Serve with sugar, cream, lemon, cloves, mints, ginger, or bits of candied fruit.

28.—ICED TEA

Fill a large glass two-thirds full with cracked ice, add two thin slices of lemon with seeds removed, two teaspoons of powdered sugar, and fill with freshly made hot tea. One or two mint leaves may be added.

29.—FILTERED COFFEE

½ cup pulverized coffee4 cups boiling water

Put coffee into bag or filter, add boiling water gradually; pour through a second time, or even a third time if liked strong. Do not boil. Serve with hot milk and cream. Wash coffee pot and bag thoroughly, and dry in the sun if possible; renew bag often.

30.—AFTER-DINNER COFFEE

½ cup pulverized coffee2 cups boiling water

Put coffee into a filter coffee pot, add boiling water, and filter three times. Serve very hot.[Pg 26]

31.—CAFÉ AU LAIT

To recipe for After-dinner Coffee (see No. 30) add one and a half cups of hot milk.

32.—COCOA

4 teaspoons cocoa2 cups boiling water
2 tablespoons sugar2 cups hot milk
1/8 teaspoon salt

Mix cocoa, sugar, salt, and boiling water, and boil five minutes; add hot milk, and beat with egg beater until frothy.

33.—CHOCOLATE

1½ squares chocolate2 cups boiling water
¼ cup sugar2 cups hot milk
1/8 teaspoon salt

Melt chocolate in a saucepan over hot water; add sugar, salt, and boiling water; stir well, and boil five minutes; add hot milk, and beat with egg beater until frothy. Evaporated milk makes excellent chocolate or cocoa. For marshmallow chocolate put two marshmallows in each cup and pour hot chocolate over them.[Pg 27]


CHAPTER V

SOUPS WITHOUT MEAT

34.—ASPARAGUS SOUP

When fresh asparagus is served as a vegetable, cook the tough ends in the same water, which should be lightly salted. Press through a sieve, add the water, and for each three cups add one-half teaspoon of onion juice and one cup of hot milk. Thicken with one tablespoon of butter and two tablespoons of flour blended together. Add pepper, and salt if necessary.

35.—PURÉE OF BLACK BEANS

1 cup black beans¼ teaspoon mustard
1 quart cold water1 tablespoon bacon fat
1 slice bacon1 tablespoon flour
½ onion1 hard-cooked egg
1 teaspoon saltLemon slices
½ teaspoon paprika

Soak beans over night in cold water; drain; add one quart of water, bacon, and onion, and cook three hours or until beans are soft, replacing water which cooks away; press through a sieve; add seasonings, and thicken with bacon fat and flour blended together. Serve with a thin slice of egg and lemon in each plate. Corned beef stock is an excellent substitute for water, but if it is used salt should be omitted.[Pg 28]

36.—BAKED BEAN SOUP

2 cups cold baked beans2 tablespoons flour
1½ cups tomatoes½ teaspoon salt
2 slices onion1/8 teaspoon pepper
4 cups cold water1 tablespoon tomato ketchup
1 tablespoon butter

Simmer beans, tomatoes, onion, and water for half an hour, and press through a sieve; thicken with butter and flour blended together; add seasonings, and serve with fried croutons.

37.—PURÉE OF RED KIDNEY BEANS

Follow recipe for Purée of Black Beans (see No. 35), using red kidney beans in place of black beans.

38.—DRIED LIMA BEAN SOUP

1 cup lima beans1 cup milk
6 cups cold water1 teaspoon salt
½ onion sliced1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
½ carrot sliced1 tablespoon bacon fat
½ bay leaf2 tablespoons flour

Soak beans over night; drain; add cold water, onion, carrot, and bay leaf, and simmer an hour and a half or until beans are soft; press through a sieve, add milk and seasonings, and thicken with bacon fat and flour blended together. Serve with croutons.

39.—CAULIFLOWER SOUP

To three cups of the water in which cauliflower has been cooked add one-half teaspoon of onion juice and one cup of hot milk. Thicken with one tablespoon of butter and two[Pg 29] tablespoons of flour blended together. Season with cayenne, and salt if necessary. Add a few left-over bits of cauliflower, and serve with croutons or crisp crackers.

40.—CREAM OF CELERY SOUP

1 cup celery tops1/8 teaspoon pepper
½ cup chopped celery3½ cups boiling water
2 slices onion1½ cups hot milk
¼ cup rice½ tablespoon butter
1½ teaspoons salt

Cook celery, onion, rice, seasonings, and boiling water for half an hour; press through a sieve; add hot milk and butter, and serve with crisp crackers.

41.—CREAM OF CORN SOUP

1 can corn1 teaspoon salt
½ onion¼ teaspoon paprika
2 cups boiling water1 tablespoon butter
2 cups hot milk2 tablespoons flour

Chop corn and onion, add water, and simmer twenty minutes; press through a sieve, forcing through all the corn possible; add milk and seasonings, and thicken with butter and flour blended together.

42.—CHEESE SOUP

2 cups milk2 tablespoons flour
2 cups boiling water½ cup grated cheese
1 onion sliced1 egg well beaten
½ bay leaf1 teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon butterDash of cayenne

Scald milk, water, onion, and bay leaf twenty minutes; skim out onion and bay leaf, thicken milk with butter and[Pg 30] flour cooked together; add cheese, egg, and seasonings, and stir until cheese melts.

43.—FRUIT SOUP

3 pearsJuice of ½ lemon
3 apples1/8 teaspoon cinnamon
4 cups boiling water3 tablespoons honey or sugar
1 tablespoon granulated tapioca

Chop fruit, add water, cook until tender, and press through a sieve; add tapioca, and cook until clear; add lemon juice, cinnamon, and honey. Serve hot or cold with toast sticks.

44.—OATMEAL SOUP

¾ cup cooked oatmeal2 cups hot milk
½ onion sliced1 teaspoon salt
2 cloves1/8 teaspoon celery salt
½ bay leaf1/8 teaspoon pepper
2 cups boiling water½ tablespoon butter

Cook oatmeal, onion, cloves, and bay leaf in boiling water for twenty minutes, and press through a sieve; add milk, seasonings, and butter, and serve with croutons.

45.—POTATO SOUP

3 potatoes sliced¼ teaspoon pepper
¼ cup celery tops2 cups hot milk
½ onion1 tablespoon butter
2 cups boiling water2 tablespoons flour
1¼ teaspoons salt

Cook potatoes, celery, onion, and water twenty minutes; press through a sieve; add seasonings and hot milk, and thicken with butter and flour blended together.[Pg 31]

46.—CREAM OF PEA SOUP

1 can peas1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 slice onion2 cups boiling water
Bit of bay leaf2 cups hot milk
Sprig of parsley1 tablespoon butter
1 teaspoon sugar2 tablespoons flour
1¼ teaspoons salt

Rinse the peas with cold water, and reserve one-fourth cup; simmer the remainder with seasonings and hot water for twenty minutes, and press through a sieve; thicken the milk with butter and flour blended together, and add to peas. Add the whole peas just before serving.

47.—PURÉE OF SPLIT PEAS

½ cup split peas1/8 teaspoon pepper
4 cups water or ham stock1 tablespoon bacon fat
2 slices onion1 tablespoon flour
1 cup hot milk

Soak peas over night in cold water, and drain; add water or stock, and onion, and simmer about three hours or until peas are soft; press through a sieve; add milk and pepper, and thicken with bacon fat and flour blended together. Serve with croutons. If water is used in place of stock, add two slices of bacon and one and a quarter teaspoons of salt.

48.—RICE AND TOMATO SOUP

1 can tomatoes1 tablespoon sugar
½ onion2 cups boiling water
½ bay leaf1/8 teaspoon soda
3 cloves2 tablespoons bacon fat
1 teaspoon salt2 tablespoons flour
¼ teaspoon paprika½ cup cooked rice

Simmer tomatoes, seasonings, and water half an hour;[Pg 32] press through a sieve, and add soda; melt bacon fat, and cook with flour until brown; add to soup, and stir until smooth; add rice, and serve.

49.—TOMATO BISQUE

2 cups tomatoes1 teaspoon sugar
1 slice onion1½ teaspoons salt
Bit of bay leaf1/8 teaspoon pepper
2 cloves3 cups hot milk
1 cup boiling water2 tablespoons butter
¼ teaspoon soda3 tablespoons flour

Simmer tomatoes, onion, bay leaf, cloves, and water for twenty minutes, and press through a sieve; add soda, sugar, salt, and pepper; thicken milk with butter and flour blended together, and add to tomato just before serving. Serve with croutons.

50.—TOMATO BOUILLON

1 can tomatoes½ bay leaf
2 cups water1½ teaspoons salt
½ cup onionDash of cayenne
½ cup carrot1 teaspoon sugar
1 cup celery tops2 tablespoons tomato ketchup
6 cloves

Simmer all ingredients except tomato ketchup for half an hour, strain through double cheesecloth, add ketchup, and serve either very hot or very cold. The tomato pulp should be pressed through a sieve and used for flavoring other soups or sauces.[Pg 33]

51.—TOMATO AND OATMEAL SOUP

½ can tomatoes1 teaspoon salt
3 cups hot water1 teaspoon sugar
2 slices onion1/8 teaspoon soda
¼ bay leaf1/8 teaspoon pepper
3 cloves1 teaspoon butter
½ cup rolled oats

Heat tomatoes, water, onion, bay leaf, and cloves to boiling point; add oatmeal gradually, and cook for forty-five minutes; press through a sieve; add seasonings and butter, and serve with croutons.

52.—TOMATO AND PEANUT SOUP

1½ cups stewed and strained tomatoes¼ teaspoon paprika
½ cup peanut butter2½ cups boiling water
¾ teaspoon salt

Add tomatoes gradually to peanut butter, and when smooth add seasonings and water; simmer ten minutes, and serve with croutons. Well seasoned soup stock may be substituted for the water; if so, use less salt.

53.—WINSOR SOUP

2 potatoes1 tablespoon butter
1 white turnip2 tablespoons flour
¼ cup celery tops1½ teaspoons salt
2 slices onion1/8 teaspoon pepper
2½ cups boiling water2 tablespoons tomato ketchup
1½ cups hot milk

Pare and slice potatoes and turnip, add celery tops, onion, and boiling water, cook half an hour, and press through a sieve; add hot milk, thicken with butter and flour blended together, season, and serve with croutons.[Pg 34]

54.—VEGETABLE SOUP

½ cup leeks1 cup half-inch potato cubes
½ cup carrots1 cup hot milk
1 cup cabbage1 teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons beef drippings¼ teaspoon pepper
3 cups boiling water1 tablespoon chopped parsley

Cut leeks into slices, carrots and cabbage into small pieces, or put through the food chopper, and cook in beef drippings for ten minutes, stirring often; add boiling water and potatoes, and cook twenty minutes, or until vegetables are tender; add milk and seasonings, and serve with croutons.[Pg 35]


CHAPTER VI

SOUPS AND STEWS WITH MEAT OR FISH

55.—CREAM OF CHICKEN SOUP

3 cups chicken stockSalt
1 slice onion1/8 teaspoon pepper
¼ cup celery tops2 tablespoons chicken fat or butter
1 cup hot milk3 tablespoons flour

Cook stock, onion, and celery for fifteen minutes, and strain; add hot milk and seasonings, and thicken with chicken fat and flour blended together. The amount of salt will depend upon the quantity in the stock. Celery salt may be used in place of celery tops.

56.—CHICKEN AND OKRA SOUP

1 quart chicken stock1 cup tomatoes
1 tablespoon grated onion½ can okra
1/8 teaspoon celery salt2 tablespoons rice
½ green pepper chopped

Heat stock to boiling point, add other ingredients, and simmer half an hour or until rice is tender. Add salt if necessary. Ham stock in place of chicken stock makes an excellent soup.[Pg 36]

57.—CLAM BISQUE

1 pint clams1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 cup water2 cups hot milk
1 slice onion1 tablespoon butter
1/8 teaspoon soda2 tablespoons flour
¼ teaspoon celery salt1 teaspoon chopped parsley
1 teaspoon salt

Remove necks and gills from clams, and chop fine; simmer with the soft part of clams, water, and onion for fifteen minutes; add soda and seasonings; thicken the milk with the butter and flour cooked together; add to clams, sprinkle with parsley, and serve at once.

58.—CLAM BOUILLON

1 pint clams¼ teaspoon celery salt
2 cups cold waterDash of cayenne
¾ teaspoon salt

Chop clams, add cold water, and simmer fifteen minutes; add seasonings, and strain through double cheesecloth. Serve in cups with or without whipped cream; or pour over the stiffly beaten white of one egg.

59.—CLEAR SOUP

¼ cup chopped carrot1 quart boiling water
¼ cup chopped onion1 teaspoon beef extract
¼ cup chopped turnip1 teaspoon salt
2 clovesDash of cayenne
Small bit bay leafFew drops kitchen bouquet

Cook vegetables, cloves, bay leaf, and water for half an hour, and strain through double cheesecloth. Add extract, salt, cayenne, and kitchen bouquet. Four bouillon cubes may be used in place of extract, and the salt, cayenne, and bouquet omitted.[Pg 37]

60.—JULIENNE SOUP (Bouillon Cubes)

2 tablespoons onion¼ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons carrot4 cups boiling water
2 tablespoons white turnip3 bouillon cubes

Cut vegetables into fine shreds an inch long, add salt and boiling water, and cook until tender; add bouillon cubes, and salt if necessary. Two tablespoons of tomato ketchup may be added.

61.—MOCK TURTLE SOUP

2 pounds knuckle of veal1/8 teaspoon pepper
½ pound liver2 tablespoons beef drippings
1 onion4 tablespoons flour
1 carrot1 teaspoon sugar
½ bay leaf1 tablespoon vinegar
½ cup celery tops¼ teaspoon kitchen bouquet
2 quarts water1 hard-cooked egg
2 teaspoons salt

Wash meat, add vegetables cut fine, and boiling water, and cook slowly for four hours; remove meat, strain stock, remove fat, and add salt and pepper; cook drippings, flour, and sugar together until brown; add to stock, and stir until smooth; add vinegar, kitchen bouquet, and one-half cup each of liver and veal cut in small pieces. Serve a slice of egg in each plate. The left-over meat may be used for hash, croquettes, etc.

62.—MUSHROOM SOUP

¼ pound mushrooms1/8 teaspoon pepper
3 cups stockSalt
1 slice onion2 tablespoons butter
1 cup hot milk4 tablespoons flour

Wash mushrooms, chop stems, simmer with stock and onion for twenty minutes, and press through a sieve,[Pg 38] reserving two or three whole caps; add milk, pepper, and salt if necessary; thicken with butter and flour blended together. Cut mushroom caps into bits, and add to soup.

63.—ONION SOUP

1 slice bacon2 cups hot milk
3 onions sliced1 teaspoon salt
½ green pepper chopped fineDash of cayenne
1 sprig parsley1 tablespoon bacon fat
1 clove2 tablespoons flour
2 cups boiling water2 tablespoons grated cheese

Cut bacon in small pieces and cook with onions and green pepper five minutes; add parsley, clove, and boiling water; simmer half an hour, and press through a sieve; add milk and seasonings, and thicken with bacon fat and flour blended together; add cheese just before serving.

64.—OYSTER STEW

1 quart oysters¼ teaspoon paprika
1 quart milk2 tablespoons butter
1½ teaspoons salt

Pick over oysters to remove bits of shell, and cook in their own liquor until plump, skimming when necessary; scald milk, add seasonings and butter, and mix with oysters. Serve with oyster crackers.

65.—OYSTER AND CELERY BOUILLON

1 cup chopped celery tops1 pint small oysters
1 slice onion1 teaspoon salt
½ bay leaf¼ teaspoon paprika
3 cups boiling waterWhite of 1 egg

Simmer celery, onion, bay leaf, and water for fifteen minutes; add oysters finely chopped, and simmer ten[Pg 39] minutes; strain through double cheesecloth; season with salt and paprika, and pour over the stiffly beaten white of egg. Serve in cups. Or serve without the egg, put a spoonful of whipped cream in each cup, and sprinkle with paprika.

66.—SALMON BISQUE

1 small can salmon1 tablespoon butter
2 cups water2 tablespoons flour
1 slice onion1 teaspoon salt
Bit of bay leaf1/8 teaspoon pepper
2 cups hot milk

Separate salmon into flakes, add water, onion, and bay leaf; simmer for fifteen minutes, and remove onion and bay leaf; scald milk, thicken with butter and flour blended together; add seasonings, and mix with salmon. Serve with oyster crackers.

67.—SOUP STOCK

Use the liquid in which any meat has been cooked. Season well with vegetables; if brown stock is wanted, add a small amount of kitchen bouquet or caramel, and a little beef or vegetable extract. (See suggestions for the Stock Pot, page 4.)

68.—TOMATO TAPIOCA SOUP

2 cups tomato1¼ teaspoons salt
3 cups hot water¼ teaspoon pepper
1 slice onion1 teaspoon sugar
½ bay leaf2 cubes beef extract
4 cloves2 tablespoons granulated tapioca

Mix the tomato and seasonings with the hot water; simmer for fifteen minutes, and rub through a sieve; add beef extract and tapioca, and cook fifteen minutes. Serve with croutons.[Pg 40]

69.—TUNA FISH SOUP

2 tablespoons grated carrot¼ teaspoon paprika
1 tablespoon grated onion1 teaspoon chopped parsley
2 cups boiling water½ teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
2 cups hot milk1 cup tuna fish
¼ cup sifted crumbs½ tablespoon butter
1 teaspoon salt

Cook vegetables, water, and milk in the double boiler for twenty minutes; add crumbs, seasonings, tuna fish separated into flakes, and butter; cook five minutes.

70.—BEEF STEW

2 pounds shoulder trimmings3 potatoes sliced
2 quarts boiling water1 cup tomatoes
1 onion2½ teaspoons salt
1 carrot1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 white turnip1/3 cup flour

Cut beef in pieces for serving, add water, and simmer two hours; put onion, carrot, and turnip through the food chopper, using coarse cutter, and add to meat; add potatoes, tomatoes, and seasonings, and cook forty-five minutes; thicken with flour mixed to a paste with cold water. Serve with Dumplings (see No. 72).

71.—IRISH STEW WITH DUMPLINGS

2 pounds forequarter lamb1 carrot
2 quarts boiling water1 small white turnip
2 teaspoons salt4 potatoes
1/8 teaspoon pepper4 tablespoons flour
1 onion

Cut meat in small pieces, and trim off most of fat; cover with boiling water, and simmer for one hour; add salt and[Pg 41] pepper, onion, carrot, and turnip cut in small cubes, and cook one hour; pare and slice potatoes, add to stew, and cook twenty minutes; thicken with flour mixed to a paste with cold water; add Dumplings (see No. 72), cover, and cook twelve minutes.

72.—DUMPLINGS

1 cup flour2 teaspoons baking powder
¼ teaspoon salt½ cup milk or water

Sift flour, salt, and baking powder, and mix to a soft dough with milk; drop by spoonfuls upon boiling stew; cover closely, and cook twelve minutes.

73.—LAMB BROTH WITH SPAGHETTI

1 quart lamb stock1/8 teaspoon pepper
½ cup tomato1/3 cup spaghetti
1 tablespoon chopped onion1 cup bits of lamb
1 tablespoon chopped carrot

Remove fat from stock; add vegetables, pepper, and (if necessary) salt; heat to boiling point, add spaghetti, and cook half an hour. Add meat just before serving.

74.—SCOTCH BROTH

2 pounds neck of mutton2 white turnips
2½ quarts cold water2 carrots
¼ cup pearl barley2 teaspoons salt
2 onions¼ teaspoon pepper

Wash mutton, cover with cold water, heat to boiling point, and simmer slowly for two hours; let stand over night. Soak barley in cold water over night. In the morning, remove fat from stock, remove meat from bones,[Pg 42] and strain stock; if water has evaporated, add enough to make two and a half quarts; heat stock to boiling point, add seasonings, barley, and vegetables, which have been pared and cut into small cubes. Cook for one hour, add meat, and cook slowly one hour longer.[Pg 43]


CHAPTER VII

CHOWDERS

75.—CLAM CHOWDER

1/3 cup half-inch cubes salt pork1½ teaspoons salt
1 onion sliced1/8 teaspoon pepper
2 cups boiling water3 cups hot milk
4 cups potatoes cut in half-inch cubes¼ cup sifted crumbs
1 quart clams

Cook salt pork and onion slowly for ten minutes; add boiling water, and strain into chowder kettle; add potatoes, and cook twenty minutes; remove necks of clams, chop fine, add with the soft part to the potatoes, and cook ten minutes; add seasonings, hot milk, and crumbs, and serve with pilot crackers. The salt pork and onion may be served in the chowder if preferred.

76.—CORN CHOWDER

1/3 cup half-inch cubes salt pork1½ teaspoons salt
1 onion sliced¼ teaspoon paprika
3 cups boiling water1 can corn chopped
3 cups thinly sliced potatoes2 cups hot milk
¼ teaspoon celery salt6 common crackers split

Cook salt pork and onion together slowly for ten minutes; add boiling water, and strain into chowder kettle; add potatoes and seasonings, and cook about fifteen minutes or until potatoes are tender; put corn into a strainer,[Pg 44] drain the juice into the kettle, and chop the corn, using finest cutter; add to chowder; add hot milk and crackers; and cook five minutes. The bits of pork and onion may be left in the chowder if desired.

77.—CORN AND TOMATO CHOWDER

¼ pound salt pork chopped fine¼ teaspoon pepper
1 onion chopped fine½ can corn
1 green pepper shredded2 cups hot milk
3 cups boiling water1 tablespoon butter
½ can tomatoes2 tablespoons flour
3 potatoes sliced6 common crackers split
2 teaspoons salt

Cook pork, onion, and pepper slowly for ten minutes; add water, tomatoes, potatoes, salt, and pepper, and cook until potatoes are tender; add corn and milk, and thicken with butter and flour blended together. Add crackers (which have been moistened in cold water), and simmer for five minutes.

78.—FISH CHOWDER

3 pounds haddock1/8 teaspoon pepper
½ cup half-inch cubes salt pork1 tablespoon butter
1 onion sliced3 tablespoons flour
1 quart cold water2 cups hot milk
4 cups thinly sliced potatoes6 common crackers split
2 teaspoons salt

Order skin and bones removed from fish at market, and have them delivered with fish and head; cook salt pork and onion together slowly for ten minutes; add fish head, skin, and bones, cover with cold water; cook for twenty minutes, and strain into chowder kettle; add the fish (cut in two-inch pieces), potatoes, salt, and pepper, and cook[Pg 45] twenty minutes; thicken milk with butter and flour blended together, and mix with chowder; add crackers (which have been moistened in cold water), and cover for five minutes. Cod, hake, white fish, or any firm fish may be used in place of haddock.

79.—OYSTER CHOWDER

3 potatoes cut in half-inch cubes1 pint small oysters
1 onion chopped fine1½ teaspoons salt
¼ cup celery chopped fine1/8 teaspoon pepper
2 tablespoons bacon fat2 cups hot milk
3 cups boiling water¼ cup sifted crumbs

Cook potatoes, onion, celery, and bacon fat in boiling water for fifteen minutes; add oysters, salt and pepper, and cook five minutes; skim; add hot milk and crumbs, and serve with pilot crackers.

80.—POTATO CHOWDER

Follow recipe for Corn Chowder (see No. 76), cooking one-half cup of finely chopped carrot with the potatoes, and leaving out the corn.

81.—SALMON CHOWDER

1/3 cup half-inch cubes salt pork3 cups hot milk
1 onion sliced1 can salmon
3 cups boiling water2 tablespoons sifted crumbs
4 potatoes cut in half-inch cubes1 beaten egg
1½ teaspoons salt½ teaspoon salt
¼ teaspoon paprika1/8 teaspoon pepper
1/3 cup flour¼ teaspoon onion juice

Cook salt pork and onion slowly for ten minutes; add boiling water, and strain into chowder kettle; add potatoes[Pg 46] and seasonings, and cook twenty minutes; mix flour to a smooth paste with cold water; add to milk, cook five minutes, and add to potatoes. Chop the salmon, add crumbs, egg, salt, pepper, and onion juice, and mix well; shape into balls about an inch in diameter, add to chowder, and cook ten minutes. Serve with pilot crackers.

82.—SALT FISH CHOWDER

Follow recipe for Corn Chowder (see No. 76), using one cup flaked salt fish in place of corn. The fish should be soaked in cold water for one hour, drained, and simmered in the chowder five minutes.

83.—VEGETABLE CHOWDER

1/3 cup half-inch cubes salt pork1 quart boiling water
1 onion finely chopped3 cups hot milk
1½ cups half-inch potato cubes2 teaspoons salt
1 cup half-inch parsnip cubes¼ teaspoon pepper
½ cup carrot chopped¼ cup dried bread crumbs
½ cup white turnip chopped1 teaspoon chopped parsley

Cook pork and onion five minutes; add vegetables and water, and cook about twenty minutes or until vegetables are tender; add milk, seasonings, crumbs, and parsley. Four common crackers, split, may be used in place of bread crumbs.[Pg 47]


CHAPTER VIII

FISH[6]

84.—BAKED COD STEAKS

Wash and dry four slices of cod steak, season with salt and pepper, put in baking pan, and pour around them one-half cup of water and one tablespoon of shortening; bake twenty-five minutes, basting often. Remove skin and bone, and pour over fish either Cheese Sauce (see No. 188) or Egg Sauce (see No. 195). Sliced halibut may be baked in the same way.

85.—BAKED STUFFED HADDOCK

Wash and dry a three-pound fish, fill with Fish Stuffing (see No. 210), and sew together. Place on a rack in a dripping pan, season with salt and pepper, dredge with flour, and cover with thin slices of salt pork; bake in a hot oven forty-five minutes, basting often. Until pork begins to try out, baste with two tablespoons of drippings melted in quarter of a cup of boiling water. Serve with Egg Sauce (see No. 195) and French Fried Potatoes (see No. 270).

86.—BOILED HALIBUT

Order two pounds of halibut cut near the tail; wash, cover with boiling water, add one tablespoon each of salt and vinegar, and boil about twenty-five minutes, skimming[Pg 48] when necessary; drain, remove skin, and serve with Egg Sauce (see No. 195) or Cheese Sauce (see No. 188).

87.—FRIED FILLETS OF FLOUNDER

Have skin and bone removed from two medium-sized flounders; divide each piece of fish lengthwise, making eight fillets; wash and dry, brush with melted butter, and season with salt and pepper; roll, fasten with skewers, roll in flour, dip in egg, roll in crumbs, and fry in deep fat from five to seven minutes. Serve with Sauce Tartare (see No. 202).

88.—FISH SAUTÉED WITH SALT PORK

Cut one-quarter pound of salt pork in thin slices, try out in frying pan, and remove scraps to platter. Cut cod, haddock, white fish, or any similar fish into one-inch slices; wash, season with salt and pepper, dip in corn meal, and sauté on each side in pork fat about seven minutes, or until brown.

89.—BROILED OYSTERS

Select large oysters, season lightly with salt and pepper, dip in melted butter, and then in cracker crumbs. Place on a well-greased oyster broiler, and broil about three or four minutes, turning often. Serve very hot with lemon butter.

90.—OYSTERS WITH BROWN SAUCE

1 pint oysters1/8 teaspoon celery salt
3 tablespoons bacon fat1/8 teaspoon pepper
5 tablespoons flour¼ teaspoon kitchen bouquet
Stock or milk1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
½ teaspoon salt

Cook oysters until edges ruffle; drain, and save the liquor; melt bacon fat, add flour, and stir until brown; to[Pg 49] the oyster liquor add enough milk or stock to make two cups; add to flour and fat, and stir until smooth; add seasonings and oysters, stir until hot, and serve on toast or in Croustades (see No. 473) or Patty Shells (see No. 621).

91.—CREAMED OYSTERS

1 pint small oysters¾ teaspoon salt
2½ tablespoons butter¼ teaspoon paprika
5 tablespoons flour¼ teaspoon celery salt
Milk

Cook oysters in their own liquor until plump; drain, and measure the liquor; melt butter, add flour, and blend well; add oyster liquor, and enough milk to make two cups; stir until smooth, add seasonings and oysters, and serve on toast. Garnish with toast points and sliced pickles.

92.—CREAMED OYSTER PIE

Bake a Pie Shell (see No. 622), fill with Creamed Oysters (see No. 91), and cover with a meringue made of the stiffly beaten whites of two eggs, one teaspoon sugar, one-eighth teaspoon salt, two small sour pickles, and one canned sweet pepper (pickles and pepper wiped dry and chopped fine). Bake in a moderate oven about ten minutes, or until meringue is well risen and brown.

93.—OYSTERS AND MACARONI

Arrange two cups of cooked macaroni and one pint of small oysters in layers in a buttered baking dish; season each layer with salt and pepper, and dredge with flour; cover with Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472), and bake in a hot oven twenty minutes. One-fourth cup of grated cheese may be added.[Pg 50]

94.—OYSTER SHORTCAKE

Follow recipe for Shortcake (see No. 441); fill, and cover top with Creamed Oysters (see No. 91). Garnish with parsley and thin slices of lemon.

95.—PANNED OYSTERS

Heat and butter individual egg shirrers, or other fireproof dishes which can be sent to the table; put in a piece of buttered toast, cover with oysters, season lightly with salt and pepper, and bake in a hot oven about ten minutes, or until the edges ruffle. Garnish with toast points and lemon, and serve very hot.

WARMED-OVER FISH

96.—CREAMED FISH

1 cup milk2 tablespoons flour
1 slice onion½ teaspoon salt
1 slice carrot1/8 teaspoon pepper
Bit of bay leaf1½ cups flaked fish
1 tablespoon butter½ cup buttered crumbs

Scald milk with onion, carrot, and bay leaf for fifteen minutes; strain; melt butter, add flour, and blend well; add milk, and stir until smooth; add seasonings and fish; turn into a greased baking dish, cover with crumbs, and bake in a hot oven fifteen minutes. Or arrange a border of mashed potato on a platter, and turn the creamed fish into the center, omitting the crumbs.

97.—FISH AND POTATO PIE

Line a deep greased dish with well-seasoned mashed potato to a thickness of one inch; fill to within one inch[Pg 51] of the top with Creamed Fish (see No. 96); cover with potato, brush with melted butter, and bake in a hot oven until brown. Garnish with parsley and lemon.

98.—FISH TIMBALES

1½ cups hot milk½ teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon butter½ teaspoon grated onion
4 cup dried and sifted bread crumbs1 beaten egg
¼ teaspoon paprika1½ cups cold flaked fish

Scald milk, add other ingredients in order given; turn into greased individual molds and bake in a slow oven until firm; turn out upon serving dish and pour around them Cheese Sauce (see No. 188).

99.—CREOLE SALMON

2 tablespoons bacon fat1 cup hot milk
1 green pepper finely chopped¼ teaspoon paprika
1 onion finely chopped½ teaspoon salt
½ cup tomato1 can salmon
1/8 teaspoon soda

Cook pepper and onion in bacon fat for five minutes; mix tomato and soda, and add to vegetables; bring to boiling point, and add seasonings and milk; add salmon, which has been rinsed with hot water and separated into flakes. Serve with a border of boiled rice.

100.—DUTCH SALMON

2 tablespoons bacon fat1 teaspoon salt
4 cups cabbage coarsely chopped1/8 teaspoon pepper
¼ cup boiling water1 can salmon

Heat bacon fat in frying pan, add cabbage, and cook five minutes, stirring frequently; add water and seasonings,[Pg 52] and cook fifteen minutes or until cabbage is tender. Rinse salmon with hot water, separate into flakes, and add to cabbage.

101.—SALMON LOAF

1 cup dried bread crumbs1 cup boiling water
1 teaspoon salt1 beaten egg
¼ teaspoon pepper1 can salmon flaked
1 teaspoon onion juice

Mix in order given, put in greased mold, and steam one-half hour. Serve with white sauce to which has been added the juice of half a lemon. To free salmon of the oily taste, place in a sieve, and rinse with hot water before flaking. Tuna fish may be used in place of salmon.

102.—SALMON AND PEAS SOUFFLÉ

1 cup hot milk¼ teaspoon paprika
¾ cup soft bread crumbs1½ cups flaked salmon
1 tablespoon butter½ cup peas
½ teaspoon saltWhites of 2 eggs

Cook crumbs, butter, and seasonings in the hot milk for three minutes; add the salmon and peas; fold in the whites of the eggs, which have been beaten very stiff; put in a greased baking dish, and bake about twenty-five minutes in a moderate oven.

103.—FRIED SCALLOPS

Wash one pint of deep sea scallops, and cut each scallop into quarters; scald with boiling water, drain, season with salt and pepper, dredge with flour, dip in egg, and then in crumbs, and fry in deep fat about two minutes; drain on soft paper, and serve with Sauce Tartare (see No. 202).[Pg 53]

104.—LOUISIANA SHRIMPS AND RICE

2 tablespoons beef drippings1 teaspoon salt
1 onion finely chopped¼ teaspoon paprika
3 tablespoons flour2 cups cooked rice
1 cup stewed and strained tomato1 cup cooked shrimps cut in pieces
1½ cups stock or water

Cook onion in fat for five minutes, add flour, and stir until well blended; add tomatoes and stock, and stir until smooth; add seasonings, rice, and shrimps.

SALT AND SMOKED FISH

105.—FINNAN HADDIE BAKED IN MILK

Wash fish, and soak in lukewarm water for half an hour; put in baking pan, add one-half cup each of milk and water, and bake about twenty-five minutes, basting often. Remove to platter, spread with butter, and strain liquid in the pan over fish.

106.—BAKED HERRING

Arrange smoked, boned herring on pieces of entire wheat bread; place on platter, and pour hot milk over them, allowing three-quarters of a cup for six slices of bread. Brown in a hot oven.

107.—BAKED SALT MACKEREL (Spiced)

Soak mackerel in cold water for twelve hours; drain, and rinse with cold water. Place in a granite baking pan, sprinkle with one-fourth teaspoon each of clove, allspice, cinnamon, and pepper; add one-half cup each of vinegar and water; bake in a moderate oven one hour, basting frequently.[Pg 54]

108.—SALT FISH BAKED WITH CRACKERS

1 cup flaked fish2 cups milk
4 butter crackers1 tablespoon butter
Cold waterA few grains pepper
1 egg slightly beaten

Split crackers, put with fish in a baking dish, cover with cold water, and soak over night or for several hours; drain, press out water, add other ingredients, and bake about twenty-five minutes in a moderate oven.

109.—BROILED FINNAN HADDIE

Wash well, and soak in lukewarm water half an hour; dry, brush with melted butter, and broil for fifteen minutes, turning often; spread with butter, sprinkle with lemon juice, and serve very hot.

110.—BROILED SALT CODFISH

Select thick pieces of fish, and soak over night in cold water; drain, dry, brush with melted butter, and broil over a moderate fire ten minutes, turning often. Spread with soft butter.

111.—BROILED SMOKED HERRING

Soak herring in cold water half an hour; drain, pour boiling water over skin side, and soak for ten minutes; remove skin, place on a greased broiler, and cook over a clear fire about eight minutes, turning frequently; spread with a little Mustard Butter (see No. 459), and sprinkle with lemon juice.

112.—BROILED SMOKED SALMON

Soak salmon in cold water for twenty-four hours, changing the water once; drain, dry, place on a greased broiler,[Pg 55] and broil over a moderate fire about five minutes on each side, turning often. Spread with soft butter and sprinkle with lemon juice.

113.—CREAMED CODFISH

1½ cups hot milk1 cup salt codfish flaked
3 tablespoons flour½ tablespoon butter
1/8 teaspoon pepper

Thicken milk with flour which has been mixed to a paste with cold water, add pepper, and cook fifteen minutes; soak codfish for two hours in lukewarm water, separate into small flakes, add to sauce, and simmer five minutes; add butter just before serving. One beaten egg or one hard-cooked egg chopped may be added. Serve with baked potatoes.

114.—FISH CAKES WITH PORK SCRAPS

1 package shredded codfish1 egg well beaten
2 cups hot mashed potato2 tablespoons milk
1/8 teaspoon pepper¼ pound salt pork

Soak fish in lukewarm water fifteen minutes; drain, and squeeze in cheesecloth; add potato, pepper, egg, milk, and salt if necessary; beat well, shape into small flat cakes, and roll in flour; cut pork in thin slices, and try out in frying pan; when crisp, but not burnt, remove to platter; cook fish cakes in fat in pan until brown, and serve with a piece of pork on each.

115.—FISH BALLS

Follow recipe for Fish Cakes (see No. 114), but shape slightly with a tablespoon, and cook in deep fat one minute.[Pg 56]

116.—FISH HASH

Follow recipe for Fish Cakes (see No. 114), but omit the egg and add double the quantity of milk. Try out pork and remove scraps to platter; spread hash in frying pan with the fat, and stir well; cook slowly until well browned. Fold double, and serve with pork scraps.

117.—SALT CODFISH SOUFFLÉ

1 cup shredded codfish2 tablespoons butter
2 cups mashed potato (hot or cold)Dash of pepper
Yolks of 2 eggsWhites of 2 eggs

Soak the fish in lukewarm water for ten minutes; drain and dry thoroughly; mix with the potato; add egg yolks, which have been beaten very light, and the butter and pepper. Beat well, and fold in the whites of the eggs, which have been beaten stiff and dry. Put in a greased baking dish, and bake about twenty minutes in a moderate oven. Half of a green pepper and a slice of onion may be chopped and cooked in the butter, and added to the potato and fish.

118.—SPANISH CODFISH

1 onion1½ cups tomatoes
1 green pepper¾ cup salt codfish
2 tablespoons bacon fat¼ teaspoon salt

Chop onion and pepper, and cook in the bacon fat about five minutes; add the tomatoes and simmer ten minutes; add codfish, which has been flaked and freshened in lukewarm water, and salt if necessary. Simmer two minutes and serve with border of boiled rice.

[Pg 57]


CHAPTER IX

MEATS[7]

119.—PRESSED BEEF

Wash a four-pound piece of beef flank or any other of the cheaper cuts. Cover with boiling water, bring to boiling point, and skim; slice and add two carrots, two onions, and one white turnip; cook slowly for four hours or until meat is very tender; add two teaspoons of salt when half cooked; pack meat solidly into a deep bread pan, putting the grain of the meat lengthwise; place pan in a shallow pan to catch the overflow, put an empty bread pan on top of meat, and press with two heavy flatirons; let stand in a cool place over night. Strain the stock, and use for soups or sauces.

120.—PRESSED CORNED BEEF

Select a four-pound piece of shoulder or lean end of brisket lightly corned; wash well, cover with boiling water, and cook slowly for four hours; pack and press as for Pressed Beef (see No. 119). The heat should not be above the simmering point (185° F.): if the water boils the meat will be tough.[Pg 58]

121.—ROAST BEEF

The most economical cuts of beef for roasting are the shoulder, the face of the rump, and the chuck ribs; they are all of good flavor and fairly tender. When ordering a shoulder roast, have an inch slice cut off to broil. The chuck roast should be ordered boned and rolled, and the bones sent with it. Wipe beef with cheesecloth, place skin side down on a rack in a roasting pan suitable for the size of the roast; dust with salt and pepper, dredge with flour, and cook in a hot oven, basting every ten minutes. When half roasted, turn over, dredge with flour, and finish cooking. For a medium-cooked roast allow seventeen minutes for each pound of meat. The oven should be very hot for the first fifteen minutes, after which the heat should be reduced.

122.—POT ROAST OF BEEF

A small aitchbone or a solid piece from the shoulder weighing about five pounds makes an economical roast. Wash, dry, season with salt and pepper, dredge with flour, and brown quickly in a hot frying pan or Scotch kettle; place in kettle, half cover with water, cover closely, and cook slowly four hours; when half cooked, season with salt and pepper; add four small onions, two carrots, and one white turnip cut in quarters; when cooked place meat on platter with vegetables around it; remove fat from gravy, and thicken with flour mixed to a paste with cold water, allowing one-fourth cup of flour to two cups of gravy. Color with a few drops of kitchen bouquet if necessary.[Pg 59]

123.—SHIN OF BEEF WITH CREOLE SAUCE

4 pounds shin of beef½ onion chopped
½ onion sliced¼ teaspoon celery salt
½ carrot sliced¼ teaspoon paprika
2 cups tomato½ teaspoon salt
1 green pepper chopped4 tablespoons dried bread crumbs

Wash meat, sprinkle with salt and pepper; put into an iron kettle or earthen crock; add onion and carrot; cover closely, and bake in a slow oven four hours. Remove meat from the bone; skim fat from stock. Cook tomatoes, pepper, onion, and seasonings twenty minutes; add stock, crumbs, and meat. The meat cooks in its own juice and will be very tender.

124.—STUFFED SHIN OF BEEF

4 pounds shin of beef1 small white turnip
1 onion½ teaspoon salt
1 carrot1 quart boiling water

Have the bone removed and cracked; finely chop vegetables and stuff into beef; place on a trivet in kettle with the bone; add boiling water, and cook slowly for four hours. Skim when necessary. Remove meat, and thicken gravy with flour mixed to a paste with cold water, allowing one-fourth cup flour to two cups gravy. Color with a few drops of kitchen bouquet.

125.—TO BROIL STEAK

Wipe steak, trim off superfluous fat, place on a greased broiler with fat towards the handle, and broil over a clear fire or under a gas flame. Turn four or five times during the first minute, and then occasionally. For steak[Pg 60] an inch and a half thick, medium cooked, allow twelve minutes to broil. Season with salt and pepper, and spread with soft butter. A slice from the shoulder is a good and inexpensive cut.

126.—BROILED FLANK STEAK

Follow directions for broiling steak (see No. 125), but, as flank steak is thinner, broil only seven or eight minutes. Season with salt and pepper, spread with one tablespoon of soft butter and one tablespoon of tomato ketchup.

127.—STEAK COUNTRY STYLE

1½ pounds flank steak1/3 teaspoon salt
4 onions1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 tablespoon flour¼ cup boiling water

Pound the steak with a meat pounder or a wooden potato masher to break the tough fibers. Sear quickly on each side in a very hot frying pan; peel and chop onions, dredge with flour, and put in pan with the steak; add salt and pepper; cover closely, and cook slowly an hour and a half. Put steak on platter, add boiling water to onions, and pour around steak. Serve with hashed brown potatoes.

128.—BROILED CHOPPED BEEF

Put one pound and a half of any of the cheaper cuts of beef through the meat chopper; season with pepper and salt, and pat lightly into a flat cake an inch thick; place carefully on a greased broiler, and broil about eight minutes for a medium-cooked steak. Spread with soft butter.[Pg 61]

129.—HAMBURG MEAT CAKES

1 pound beef1 teaspoon salt
1 thin slice salt pork1/8 teaspoon pepper
¼ cup dried crumbs½ cup milk

Use any of the cheaper cuts of beef; put through the meat chopper with the salt pork, add crumbs, seasoning, and milk; mix well, shape into small flat cakes, roll in flour, and sauté slowly in beef drippings until brown, allowing ten minutes for each side. Remove meat to platter; add two tablespoons of flour to the fat in the pan, and stir until brown; add one-fourth teaspoon each of mustard, salt, and paprika, and one cup of boiling water. Stir until smooth, and pour around meat cakes. One teaspoon of grated onion may be added to meat.

130.—BEEF AND BACON CAKES

1 pound flank of beef½ cup water
3 slices bacon¼ teaspoon salt
¼ cup dried bread crumbsDash of cayenne

Put meat and bacon through chopper; add crumbs, water, and seasonings; mix well, form into small flat cakes, and sauté in bacon fat.

131.—BEEF LOAF

2 pounds shoulder trimmings chopped1½ teaspoons salt
¼ pound salt pork chopped3 common crackers rolled fine
½ teaspoon pepper1 cup milk

Mix in order given and bake in a deep pan about two hours in a slow oven. Serve hot with Tomato Sauce (see No. 203) or Creole Sauce (see No. 191), or serve cold, sliced. One teaspoon of poultry seasoning may be added if desired.[Pg 62]

132.—CASSEROLE OF BEEF

1 pound of shoulder trimmings1 tablespoon pearl tapioca
1 tablespoon flour1¼ teaspoons salt
2 potatoes¼ teaspoon paprika
1 carrot1 tablespoon tomato ketchup
1 onionCold water

Cut beef into inch pieces, sear quickly in hot frying pan, dredge with flour, and put into casserole; cut potatoes into cubes or balls; put carrot and onion through meat chopper; mix vegetables, and add to meat; add tapioca and seasonings, cover with cold water (a little of the water should be put into the frying pan to obtain all the flavor of the meat, and then added to the rest). Cover, and bake slowly two and a half hours. Any of the other cheaper cuts of meat may be used. Serve with spinach or cold slaw.

133.—CREAMED DRIED BEEF WITH CHEESE

¼ pound dried beef1 cup milk
1½ tablespoons butter2 tablespoons grated cheese
2 tablespoons flour2 tablespoons ketchup

Cut beef in small pieces, cover with boiling water, let stand five minutes, and drain; melt butter, add beef, and stir until hot; add flour and milk, and stir until smooth; add cheese and ketchup, and stir until cheese is melted. Serve with baked potatoes.

134.—AMERICAN CHOP SUEY

2 tablespoons bacon fat1 cup cooked spaghetti
1 onion finely chopped½ teaspoon salt
¾ pound flank beef chopped fine1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 can condensed tomato soup

Cook onion and beef in fat until brown; add tomato, spaghetti, and seasonings, and simmer ten minutes.[Pg 63]

135.—BROWN FRICASSEE OF LAMB

2 pounds forequarter lamb2 white turnips
2 quarts boiling water2 carrots
1½ teaspoons salt5 tablespoons flour
2 onions¼ teaspoon kitchen bouquet

Cut lamb in pieces the size of a chop, trim off nearly all fat, add boiling water, heat to boiling point, and skim; add salt and vegetables (left whole), and simmer for two hours; remove meat, season with salt and pepper, dredge with flour, and sauté with two tablespoons of fat in a hot frying pan until brown; to the fat in the pan add the flour, and stir until brown, add two cups of stock, and stir until smooth; color with kitchen bouquet, add pepper, and salt if necessary. Slice vegetables, and serve with meat. Use left-over stock for soups or sauces.

136.—CASSEROLE OF LAMB

1½ pounds forequarter lamb¼ teaspoon pepper
½ cup each white turnip, carrot, and onion finely chopped1½ teaspoons salt
1 cup tomato3 cups hot water
2 tablespoons rolled oats

Remove fat and cut meat into inch pieces; put into a casserole with vegetables, oats, seasonings, and water, and cook in a moderate oven two hours.

137.—LAMB CHOPS

Chops from the forequarter are much cheaper than loin or kidney chops. They contain more bone, but are tender and of good flavor, if well cooked. Cook the same as Lamb Cutlets (see No. 138). The time of cooking may vary slightly according to the thickness of the meat.[Pg 64]

138.—LAMB CUTLETS

Have a small forequarter of lamb cut in pieces for serving; select the best pieces, trim, and skewer into shape. Season lightly with salt and pepper, dip in egg and crumbs, and fry in deep fat about seven minutes; or dip in flour, and sauté on each side about ten minutes; or broil on each side about five minutes. The rest of the forequarter can be used for fricassee, Scotch broth, croquettes, and many other dishes.

139.—ROLLED ROAST OF LAMB

Order a small forequarter of lamb boned and rolled; have the bones sent with the meat; wash bones and meat, put bones in kettle, put meat on top; add one sliced onion, one sliced carrot, one bay leaf, and a sprig of thyme. Cover with two quarts of boiling water, and simmer for two hours, skimming when necessary; add two teaspoons of salt after meat has cooked one hour. Remove meat to a roasting pan, sprinkle with salt and pepper, dredge with flour, and roast in a hot oven about half an hour. To the drippings in the pan add four tablespoons of flour and stir until brown; add one and a half cups of stock which has been strained and had fat removed; stir until smooth and serve with meat. The left-over stock should be used for soups and sauces. The forequarter of lamb, although quite fat, is tender and of good flavor, and costs much less than a leg of lamb.

140.—BROWN FRICASSEE OF FOWL

Clean, singe, and cut up a four-pound fowl, place in a kettle, cover with boiling water, add one whole onion, and one carrot cut in halves, and cook slowly for three hours,[Pg 65] or until tender; add two teaspoons of salt when half cooked; remove fowl, season with salt and pepper, dredge with flour, and brown in one-quarter of a pound of fat salt pork tried out in the frying pan. Remove fowl to platter, and make a sauce in the pan with four tablespoons of fat, five tablespoons of flour browned together, and two cups of stock. Pour over fowl, and garnish with toast points or small, thin baking powder biscuit. The remainder of the stock may be used for soup or sauce, or for Celery Toast (see No. 462).

141.—ROAST FOWL

Clean and singe a five-pound fowl; stuff with Bread Stuffing (see No. 208), truss, place on a trivet in a pan suited to the size of the fowl, dredge with flour, cover with thin slices of fat salt pork, and bake in a slow oven three hours, basting every fifteen minutes. Put into the pan the chicken fat (which was removed when cleaning) and use for basting. Dredge with flour twice while cooking. Cook the giblets in boiling water one hour, and chop fine; make a gravy in the pan, allowing four tablespoons each of fat and flour, and the water in which giblets were cooked, with enough boiling water added to make two cups; season with salt and pepper, and add the giblets. If cooked slowly and basted often, a fowl will be as tender as a chicken.

142.—CHICKEN PIE

Use the remnants of cold roast or fricasseed fowl. If roast fowl is used, make stock by covering bones and left-over gravy with cold water and simmering an hour or more; to three cups of stock add one-half onion chopped,[Pg 66] two potatoes cut in half-inch cubes, one teaspoon salt, and one-eighth teaspoon pepper, and boil fifteen minutes; thicken with one-half cup of flour mixed to a paste with cold water; put chicken in a baking dish, add stock and potato, and cover with small biscuit made by Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424) or Shortcake (see No. 441) recipes. Bake in a hot oven about twenty minutes or until biscuit are done. If the amount of chicken is scant, add one or two hard-cooked eggs sliced.

143.—POTTED PIGEONS

4 pigeons½ teaspoon salt
Bread Stuffing (see No. 208)1/8 teaspoon pepper
4 tablespoons bacon fat2 cups boiling water
½ onion sliced3 tablespoons flour
½ carrot sliced4 tablespoons cold water
1 cup celery tops

Clean pigeons, wipe dry, stuff, and truss neatly into shape. Brown in hot bacon fat in the frying pan, and place in a casserole dish or bean pot; add vegetables, seasonings, and boiling water. Cover, and bake in a slow oven three hours. Remove pigeons to serving dish, thicken the stock with the flour mixed to a paste with cold water; cook ten minutes, strain, and pour over pigeons. The giblets may be cooked in boiling salted water about ten minutes, chopped, and added to the sauce.

144.—COUNTRY CLUB RABBIT

Cut a young rabbit in pieces for serving; sprinkle with salt and pepper; dip in flour, then in egg, and coat thickly with crumbs; put into a well-greased baking pan, and bake in a hot oven about half an hour, basting often with bacon fat. Arrange rabbit on serving dish, and make a[Pg 67] brown sauce in the pan, using three tablespoons each of bacon fat and flour, one teaspoon of grated onion, and one and one-half cups of stock, milk, or boiling water. Season with one-half teaspoon of salt, one-fourth teaspoon paprika, and two tablespoons tomato ketchup.

145.—CASSEROLE OF RABBIT AND OKRA

3 slices bacon¼ teaspoon pepper
1 rabbit2 cups boiling water
1 onion finely chopped1 cup tomatoes
3 tablespoons flour1 pint okra sliced
1¼ teaspoons salt

Cut bacon into one-inch pieces, and cook in frying pan until brown; remove bacon; cut rabbit in pieces for serving and soak half an hour in cold salted water; drain, dredge with flour, brown in bacon fat, and put with cooked bacon in a casserole dish; cook onion in bacon fat until brown; add flour, salt, pepper, and boiling water; stir until smooth, and pour over rabbit; add tomato and okra, sprinkle with salt; cover, and bake in a moderate oven one hour and a half.

146.—ROAST PORK

Have the bone removed from a six-pound fresh shoulder of pork; wash, dry, and stuff with Bread Stuffing (see No. 208) or Peanut Stuffing (see No. 211); season with salt and pepper, dredge with flour, and roast in a moderate oven about two and three-quarters hours. Baste often, and be sure oven is not too hot, as pork must cook slowly. This is an excellent cut, and less expensive than the loin or fresh leg. Strain the fat and add it to the frying fat, or use in place of lard. Have the bones sent and use for stock. Serve with Dark Red Apple Sauce (see No. 663).[Pg 68]

147.—PORK CHOPS BAKED WITH POTATOES

Pare potatoes, and cut in thin slices; wash, drain, season with salt and pepper, and put into a baking dish; cover with small pork chops from which part of the fat has been removed; dust with salt, pepper, and flour; add half a cup of boiling water, and bake in a hot oven about forty minutes. Turn chops when half cooked.

148.—SAUSAGE CAKES

½ pound sausage meat1/3 cup hot water
1 teaspoon grated onion1/3 cup sifted crumbs
¼ teaspoon salt

Mix well, shape into small flat cakes, roll in crumbs, and bake in a hot oven about twenty minutes, or until brown.

149.—SAUSAGE CAKES BAKED WITH APPLE

1 pound sausage meat4 apples

Shape meat into small flat cakes, and put in the center of a dripping pan; core apples, cut into half-inch slices, and put around sausage. Bake in a hot oven until brown, basting frequently with the fat from the sausage.

150.—SAUSAGES WITH OYSTERS AND EGGS

4 small sausages2 eggs slightly beaten
1 teaspoon grated onion¼ teaspoon salt
1 cup small oysters

Cut sausages into half-inch bias slices, and cook with onion in a hot frying pan until brown; add oysters, and cook until edges ruffle; add eggs and salt, and scramble until firm.[Pg 69]

151.—BREAKFAST BACON

Lay slices of bacon close together on a fine wire broiler, place broiler over a dripping pan, and bake in a hot oven about ten minutes or until bacon is brown and crisp. Avoid burning. Save fat for cooking.

152.—BROILED HAM

Ham for broiling should be cut in very thin slices. Trim off superfluous fat, cover ham with lukewarm water, and stand on back of range for fifteen minutes; dry, and broil over clear fire until fat is brown.

153.—BAKED SLICED HAM

Order a small slice of ham cut an inch and a half thick; cover with warm water, and place on the back of the range for an hour. Drain ham, cover with a mixture of two tablespoons of flour, two tablespoons of brown sugar, one-half teaspoon of mustard, and a dash of cayenne. Put a few small bits of the fat on top, and bake twenty-five minutes in a moderate oven. Place ham on platter, pour off fat in the pan, add one-fourth cup of cider or weak vinegar; bring to boiling point, and pour around ham.

154.—HAM LOAF

1 pound raw ham2 beaten eggs
1 cup dried crumbs¼ teaspoon mustard
1 cup boiling water¼ teaspoon salt

Put ham, including the fat, through meat chopper; add crumbs, water, eggs, and seasonings; mix well, and bake in a small bread pan, in a slow oven, an hour and a half; or cook in steamer two hours.[Pg 70]

155.—ROAST BREAST OF VEAL STUFFED

Have a pocket cut in veal, wash, dry, and stuff with Crust Stuffing (see No. 209); skewer neatly into shape, dredge with flour, season with salt and pepper, and cover with two thin slices of fat salt pork; place on rack in dripping pan, and roast in a moderate oven two hours, basting often. Serve with gravy made from drippings in the pan, three tablespoons of flour, and one and one-half cups of water. Season with salt and pepper, and strain.

156.—VEAL WITH VEGETABLES

3 pounds knuckle of veal2 cups hot water
½ cup each of finely chopped onion, carrot, turnip, and celery1¼ teaspoons salt
¼ cup pearl barley¼ teaspoon paprika

Order veal cut in three-inch lengths; remove meat from bone, and put in a casserole dish; add vegetables, barley (which has been soaked for an hour in cold water), hot water, and seasonings; place the pieces of bone, cut edge down, on top; cover closely, and bake in a moderate oven two and a half hours. Remove the bones before serving.

157.—VEAL LOAF (Baked)

2½ pounds raw veal1 cup dried and sifted crumbs
¼ pound salt pork½ cup boiling water
½ teaspoon pepper½ cup milk
2 teaspoons salt

Put veal and pork through the meat chopper; add pepper, salt, crumbs, water, and milk. Mix well, press into a deep pan, cover with paper, and bake slowly for two[Pg 71] hours. Serve hot or cold. A teaspoon each of poultry seasoning and grated onion may be added.

158.—VEAL LOAF (Boiled)

4 pounds knuckle of veal4 cups hot water
1 onion½ package gelatine
1 bay leaf¼ cup cold water
4 clovesJuice of 1 lemon
2½ teaspoons salt1 hard-boiled egg
½ teaspoon pepper2 gherkins

Cook veal with seasonings in hot water until meat is very tender; strain, remove fat and bone, and chop meat; soak gelatine in cold water, add to strained stock in which meat was cooked, add meat and lemon juice, cool, and turn into deep pan which has been garnished with slices of hard-boiled egg and pickles sliced lengthwise. Put in the ice-box for several hours before serving.

159.—POTTED HEAD

1 calf's head½ teaspoon paprika
1 pound lean fresh pork1 teaspoon onion juice
6 cups boiling water1 teaspoon poultry seasoning
1¾ teaspoons salt

Have head split and dressed at the market; singe, wash well, put in kettle with pork and boiling water, cover, and simmer three hours. Remove bones, and put meat through chopper; reduce stock to one and one-half cups, strain, and add, with seasonings, to the meat. Press into a bread pan and put in a cold place. Serve sliced cold, or dip slices in egg and crumbs, and fry in deep fat.[Pg 72]

160.—BRAISED LIVER

3 pounds liver½ teaspoon salt
1½-inch cube salt pork1/8 teaspoon pepper
1/3 cup onion finely chopped2 cups boiling water
1/3 cup celery finely chopped¼ cup flour
1/3 cup carrots finely chopped

Soak liver in cold salted water for half an hour, scald, remove skin, and dredge with flour; cut pork in thin slices, and try out in frying pan; brown liver in pork fat, and place in an earthen dish or kettle, add vegetables, seasonings, and water which has first been put in the frying pan; cover closely, and bake three hours in a slow oven, adding water if necessary; remove liver, and thicken gravy and vegetables with one-fourth cup of flour mixed to a paste with cold water.

161.—BROWN FRICASSEE OF LIVER

1 pound liver4 tablespoons flour
2 cups boiling water¾ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons bacon fat¼ teaspoon paprika
1 tablespoon grated onion6 slices of toast

Cut liver into half-inch cubes, and soak in cold salted water fifteen minutes; drain; cover with the boiling water, and simmer six minutes; cook bacon fat, onion, and flour until brown; add seasonings, and stock in which liver was cooked; stir until smooth; add liver, and pour over toast or small, thin baking powder biscuit.

162.—CHICKEN LIVERS AND BACON

Cook chicken livers in boiling salted water fifteen minutes; put each liver on half of a slice of bacon, fold other half over liver, and bake in a hot oven until bacon is crisp;[Pg 73] moisten slices of toast with the stock in which livers were cooked, and serve two pieces of bacon and livers on toast for each person.

163.—FRIED LAMB'S LIVER AND BACON

Cut liver in one-third-inch slices; soak in cold water for half an hour; drain, dry, and cook in hot deep fat, with six slices of bacon, until brown.

164.—LAMBS' KIDNEYS IN BROWN SAUCE

6 lambs' kidneys¼ teaspoon paprika
1½ cups boiling water½ teaspoon onion juice
1½ tablespoons butter1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
3 tablespoons flourFew drops kitchen bouquet
½ teaspoon salt6 slices of toast

Split kidneys and soak in cold water half an hour; drain; cover with boiling water, and simmer five minutes; skim out of water, and cut in small dice; brown the butter, add the flour, and brown well; add the water in which the kidneys were cooked, and stir until smooth; add kidneys and seasonings, and serve on toast.

165.—DEVILLED KIDNEYS

6 lambs' kidneys, split1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce
3 tablespoons drippings1 teaspoon mustard
1 tablespoon chopped onion¼ teaspoon salt
3 tablespoons flourDash of cayenne
1 cup water or stock

Scald, skin, and split kidneys; cook with fat and onion five minutes, and remove from the pan. To the fat in the pan add flour, and stir until brown; add liquid, and[Pg 74] stir until smooth; add seasonings and kidneys. Serve on toast or with mashed potato border.

166.—SPANISH TRIPE

1 pound fresh boiled tripe½ cup chopped white cabbage
½ can tomatoes¾ teaspoon salt
½ onion choppedFew grains cayenne
½ green pepper chopped2 slices bacon

Cut tripe in small pieces for serving and put in greased casserole dish; scald tomatoes, add onion, pepper, cabbage, and seasonings; pour over tripe; cut bacon into bits, put on top, and bake in a moderate oven one hour.

167.—TRIPE FRIED IN BATTER

1 pound fresh boiled tripe1 cup flour
1 slice onion1½ teaspoons baking powder
2 cloves¼ teaspoon salt
½ bay leaf1 egg well beaten
1 tablespoon vinegar1/3 cup water

Cut tripe in pieces the size of a large oyster, cover with boiling water, add seasonings, simmer fifteen minutes, and drain. Make a batter of flour, baking powder, salt, egg, and water. Dry each piece of tripe, dip in batter, and fry in deep fat for one minute. Serve with Sauce Tartare (see No. 202) or Russian Dressing (see No. 341).

168.—TRIPE FRIED IN CRUMBS

Prepare tripe as for Tripe Fried in Batter (see No. 167); dip each piece of tripe first in tomato ketchup, then in crumbs, then in beaten egg, and then in crumbs again. Fry in deep fat for one minute, and drain on soft paper.[Pg 75]

WARMED-OVER MEATS

169.—SAVORY BEEF

1½ cups tomatoes1½ cups cold roast beef
1/3 cup beef gravy2 cups cooked spaghetti
½ onion½ cup bread crumbs
4 cloves2 tablespoons beef drippings
1 teaspoon salt1 tablespoon butter
1/8 teaspoon pepper

Simmer tomatoes, gravy, and seasonings for fifteen minutes, and press through a sieve; add beef cut in small pieces, and spaghetti, and pour into a greased baking dish; cover with crumbs which have been mixed with the drippings and butter melted together. Bake in a moderate oven about fifteen minutes. A can of condensed tomato soup may be used in place of the tomato sauce. Any meat may be used.

170.—SCALLOPED CORNED BEEF

2 tablespoons beef drippings1 cup corned beef stock
5 tablespoons flour¾ cup hot milk
1 teaspoon grated onion1½ cups corned beef cut in half-inch cubes
¼ teaspoon paprika½ cup Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472)
¼ teaspoon celery salt

Melt drippings, add flour, onion, and seasonings, and cook two minutes; add stock and milk, and stir until smooth; add meat, and put into a greased baking dish; cover with crumbs, and bake until crumbs are brown.[Pg 76]

171.—BAKED HAM AND POTATO

3 cups well-seasoned mashed potato6 pimolas chopped
1 cup chopped cooked ham½ cup hot milk
1 teaspoon grated onion¼ cup crumbs
1 teaspoon chopped parsley1 tablespoon bacon fat
½ teaspoon mustard

Mix potato, ham, seasonings, and milk, put into a greased baking dish, cover with crumbs which have been mixed with melted bacon fat, and bake in a hot oven until brown; or prepare half of mixture, spread in egg shirrers, make a depression with the back of a spoon, and into it carefully break an egg; cover with crumbs, and bake until egg is set.

172.—HAM MOUSSE

1½ cups chopped cooked ham1 teaspoon mixed mustard
½ cup soft bread crumbs¼ teaspoon paprika
1 tablespoon gelatineWhites of 2 eggs
1 cup hot milk

Mix ham with bread crumbs; dissolve the gelatine in the hot milk, and add to crumbs with mustard and paprika; beat the whites of eggs very stiff and fold lightly into mixture. Put into a deep pan or mold, and place on ice until firm. A little salt may be needed.

173.—CORNED BEEF HASH WITH BEETS

1½ cups corned beef¾ teaspoon salt
2 cups cooked potatoes1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
½ cup cooked beets¼ cup stock or water
1 teaspoon grated onion2 tablespoons beef drippings

Have meat, potatoes, and beets coarsely chopped; add seasonings and stock; melt fat in frying pan, and, when[Pg 77] very hot, add hash; cook slowly until a rich brown crust is formed; fold, and serve on a hot platter. If meat is very fat, use less fat in frying pan.

174.—SAVORY HASH (Baked)

1 cup cold meat cut fine1 cup tomatoes
2 cups cold cooked potatoes¾ teaspoon salt
½ onion finely chopped1/8 teaspoon pepper
2 stalks celery chopped, or2 tablespoons melted bacon fat or beef drippings
¼ teaspoon celery salt

Mix, and bake in casserole in moderate oven forty-five minutes.

175.—SOUTHERN HASH

4 raw potatoes¾ cup stock or water
2 green peppers1½ cups cold chopped beef
2 tomatoesSalt and pepper
1 onionToast points

Put vegetables through the meat chopper, using coarse cutter; cook in the stock, covered, until tender; add beef, salt, and pepper, and when hot turn on a platter and garnish with toast points. If corned beef and stock are used, use salt with care.

176.—LIVER PATTIES

2 cups chopped cooked liverSalt and pepper
2 cups mashed potatoCoarse stale bread crumbs
2 tablespoons finely chopped pickles

Mix liver, potato, and pickles, and season with salt and pepper. Grease patty pans or cups; sprinkle with crumbs, and fill with mixture. Bake fifteen minutes in[Pg 78] a hot oven, turn out on serving dish, and serve with Brown Sauce (see No. 185) or Tomato Sauce (see No. 203).

177.—MEAT AND TOMATO PIE

2 cups cooked meat cut in inch pieces½ cup gravy or stock
1 can tomatoes drained½ teaspoon onion juice
Salt and pepper1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
¼ cup fine crumbsQuick Drop Biscuit (see No. 429)

In a deep dish arrange in alternate layers meat and tomatoes cut in pieces; season each layer with salt and pepper, and sprinkle with crumbs; add onion and Worcestershire sauce to gravy, and pour over all; bake twenty minutes in a hot oven; remove from oven, and drop biscuit mixture by spoonfuls on top; bake about fifteen minutes longer. Use tomato juice for soup or sauce.

178.—MEAT SOUFFLÉ

½ cup dry bread crumbs½ onion chopped fine
1½ cups hot stock or milk1½ teaspoons salt
1 tablespoon butter½ teaspoon paprika
1½ cups chopped meatYolks of 2 eggs
1 cup celery or white cabbage chopped fineWhites of 2 eggs

Mix in the order given, beating the yolks until thick and light, and the whites until very stiff. Bake in a moderate oven about half an hour. Any left-over meat may be used.[Pg 79]

179.—MEAT SHORTCAKE

1½ cups cooked meat chopped¼ teaspoon paprika
½ cup celery tops chopped½ teaspoon dry mustard
1 teaspoon grated onion1 cup meat gravy or thickened stock
¼ teaspoon salt

Mix ingredients, simmer for fifteen minutes, and put between layers of Shortcake (see No. 441).

[Pg 80]


CHAPTER X

SAUCES AND STUFFINGS FOR FISH AND MEATS

180.—ANCHOVY SAUCE

Add to Drawn Butter (see No. 194) one and one-half teaspoons of anchovy paste and one tablespoon of lemon juice.

181.—BANANA SAUCE

2 bananasFew grains cayenne
1 tablespoon butterFew grains salt
1 teaspoon sugar2 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce
Juice of ½ lemon1 teaspoon horseradish

Peel and scrape bananas, and force through coarse sieve; melt butter, add sugar, lemon juice, seasonings, and bananas; stir until hot, and serve with cold roast beef.

182.—BECHAMEL SAUCE

1 cup white stock2½ tablespoons flour
1 slice onion½ teaspoon salt
1 slice carrotFew grains cayenne
Sprig of parsley1 teaspoon butter
1 tablespoon shortening

Simmer stock, onion, carrot, and parsley fifteen minutes, and strain; melt shortening, add flour, and blend well; add stock and seasoning, and stir until smooth; add butter just before serving.[Pg 81]

183.—BLACK BUTTER

1/3 cup butter¼ teaspoon onion juice
2 tablespoons vinegar¼ teaspoon Worcestershire or Brand's A 1 sauce

Cook butter until brown, but do not burn; simmer vinegar, onion juice, and sauce five minutes, and add to butter. Serve with cauliflower, celery, fried eggs, or fish. A tablespoon of chopped capers or parsley may be added.

184.—BREAD SAUCE

1½ cups milkSprig of parsley
½ onion¼ teaspoon paprika
2 cloves½ teaspoon salt
Bit of bay leaf1/3 cup soft bread crumbs

Scald milk and seasonings, except salt, in double boiler half an hour, strain, add salt and soft crumbs, and simmer ten minutes.

185.—BROWN SAUCE

1 cup brown stock¼ teaspoon salt
1 slice onion chopped1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 slice carrot chopped1½ tablespoons butter
1 sprig parsley2½ tablespoons flour
2 cloves

Simmer stock, vegetables, and seasonings for fifteen minutes, and strain; brown the butter, add flour, and brown, add stock, and beat until smooth. Any stock may be colored with a few drops of kitchen bouquet, and used; or beef cubes or extract may be used with water instead of stock, but in that case less salt and pepper should be used.

186.—CAPER SAUCE

To recipe for Drawn Butter (see No. 194) add one-fourth cup of capers.[Pg 82]

187.—CELERY SAUCE

1 cup celery chopped1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 teaspoon grated onion½ cup milk
1 cup boiling water1 tablespoon butter
¼ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons flour

Simmer celery, onion, water, and salt for half an hour; add pepper and milk, and thicken with butter and flour creamed together.

188.—CHEESE SAUCE

1 tablespoon butter¼ teaspoon salt
1½ tablespoons flour¼ teaspoon mustard
1 cup milk¼ teaspoon paprika
1/3 cup cheese cut fine

Melt butter, add flour, and blend well; add milk and stir until smooth; add cheese and seasonings, and stir until cheese is melted.

189.—CHEESE SAUCE WITH CHIVES

Follow directions for Cheese Sauce (see No. 188), and just before serving add one tablespoon of finely chopped chives. Serve with any white fish, or with plain omelet.

190.—CIDER SAUCE

2 tablespoons bacon fat¼ teaspoon paprika
2 tablespoons flour1/8 teaspoon salt
1 cup cider1/8 teaspoon mustard

Blend bacon fat and flour, add cider, and stir until boiling point is reached; add seasonings and simmer one-half hour. Serve with roast pork or ham.[Pg 83]

191.—CREOLE SAUCE

½ can tomatoes1 tablespoon flour
2 tablespoons bacon fat¼ teaspoon salt
½ onion1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
1 green pepper

Cook tomatoes until reduced to one cup; peel and finely chop onion; remove seeds and veins from pepper, chop, and cook with onion in bacon fat for ten minutes; add flour, salt, and Worcestershire sauce, and stir well; add tomato, and simmer five minutes.

192.—CROQUETTE SAUCE

3 tablespoons shortening¼ teaspoon salt
1/3 cup bread flour1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 cup milk

Proceed as for White Sauce (see No. 207). Stock may be used in place of milk, and the seasonings may be varied according to the croquette material, using a few drops of onion juice, a dash of nutmeg, cayenne, paprika, or a small quantity of table sauce or ketchup.

193.—CUCUMBER SAUCE

Pare and grate two small cucumbers, drain, and season with salt, pepper, and vinegar. Serve with fish.

194.—DRAWN BUTTER

2 tablespoons butter¼ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons flour1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 cup hot water1 teaspoon butter

Cook butter until it bubbles, stir in flour, add hot water, salt, and pepper, and beat until smooth; add butter in small pieces just before serving.[Pg 84]

195.—EGG SAUCE

Add to Drawn Butter (see No. 194) or White Sauce (see No. 207) one hard-cooked egg coarsely chopped.

196.—HOLLANDAISE SAUCE

¼ cup butter½ cup hot water
1 tablespoon flour1 egg yolk
½ teaspoon salt1 tablespoon lemon juice
Few grains cayenne

Cream half of the butter with flour, salt, and cayenne; add hot water, and cook over hot water for ten minutes, stirring constantly until thickened; add egg yolk slightly beaten, lemon juice, and remainder of butter; cook about two minutes, or until thick; beat well, and serve at once.

197.—HORSERADISH SAUCE

To recipe for Bread Sauce (see No. 184) add one-third cup grated horseradish and the juice of half a lemon.

198.—MINT SAUCE

1 bunch mint2 tablespoons sugar
¼ cup boiling water¼ teaspoon salt
¼ cup vinegarFew grains cayenne

Wash and dry mint, pick leaves, and chop very fine, add other ingredients, put on back of range, and keep warm for half an hour.

199.—MUSHROOM SAUCE

Wash six mushroom caps, cut in small pieces, and simmer with one teaspoon of butter for ten minutes. Add to recipe for Brown Sauce (see No. 185), or to recipe for White Sauce (see No. 207). If the mushrooms are fresh and tender the stems may be used also.[Pg 85]

200.—MUSTARD PICKLE SAUCE

To Drawn Butter (see No. 194) add two tablespoons of mixed mustard pickles chopped.

201.—ORANGE MINT SAUCE

¼ cup vinegar1 tablespoon sugar
4 cups orange juice¼ cup mint leaves chopped
¼ teaspoon orange rind

Let stand on back of range for half an hour, and serve cold.

202.—SAUCE TARTARE

To one cup Mayonnaise Dressing (see No. 339) add three tablespoons finely chopped mixed pickles and one tablespoon finely chopped parsley.

203.—TOMATO SAUCE

1½ cups tomatoes½ teaspoon salt
½ cup hot water¼ teaspoon paprika
1 slice onion2 tablespoons bacon fat
1 clove4 tablespoons flour
1 teaspoon sugar

Simmer tomatoes, water, and seasonings for fifteen minutes, and press through a sieve; thicken with bacon fat and flour blended together, and cook five minutes. If tomatoes are very acid, add a pinch of soda.

204.—SAUCE FOR ROAST PORK OR GOOSE

Pour off most of fat in the pan, leaving two tablespoons; add three tablespoons of flour and one and a half cups of boiling water, and stir until smooth. Season with one-third teaspoon salt and one teaspoon each of mixed mustard, vinegar, and Brand's A 1 sauce.[Pg 86]

205.—SHARP SAUCE

1½ cups vinegar½ teaspoon paprika
1 tart apple chopped fine1½ teaspoons Worcestershire sauce
1 onion chopped fine1½ cups brown sugar
¼ teaspoon salt1½ teaspoons cornstarch

Heat vinegar, add apple, onion, and seasonings; when boiling stir in the sugar and cornstarch mixed together; cook fifteen minutes. Serve cold with ham or pork.

206.—SOUBISE SAUCE

Follow recipe for White Sauce (see No. 207), and add one-fourth cup of stock, and three onions which have been cooked until tender in boiling salted water and then drained and chopped.

207.—WHITE SAUCE

2 tablespoons shortening¼ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons flour1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 cup milk

Melt shortening, add flour, and stir until well blended; add milk and seasonings, and beat with wire whisk until smooth. For a thin sauce, use one and one-half tablespoons flour.

208.—BREAD STUFFING

¼ cup beef drippings or bacon fat¼ teaspoon pepper
1 teaspoon grated onion2 teaspoons poultry seasoning
2 cups soft stale bread crumbs½ cup boiling water
½ teaspoon salt

Melt fat in the frying pan, add onion and crumbs, and stir until crumbs begin to brown; add seasonings and boiling water; cool slightly before using.[Pg 87]

209.—CRUST STUFFING

3 cups bread crusts broken and dried in oven1 tablespoon grated onion
½ teaspoon salt¼ teaspoon pepper
¼ cup sausage fat1 tablespoon poultry seasoning
1 cup boiling water

Put crusts in a bowl, add salt, sausage fat, and boiling water; let stand ten minutes; mix well, and add seasonings.

210.—FISH STUFFING (Bread)

2 tablespoons shortening1 teaspoon grated onion
1 cup soft stale bread crumbs1 teaspoon chopped parsley
¼ teaspoon salt1 tablespoon chopped pickles
1/8 teaspoon pepper¼ cup boiling water

Melt shortening, add crumbs, and stir until crumbs are golden brown, then add seasonings and water. The pickles may be omitted, or capers may be used in place of them.

211.—PEANUT STUFFING

1 cup dried bread crumbs½ teaspoon salt
2/3 cup boiling water¼ teaspoon paprika
2 tablespoons bacon fat1 teaspoon grated onion
¾ cup shelled peanuts

Mix bread crumbs with boiling water and bacon fat, add peanuts finely chopped, and seasonings.[Pg 88]


CHAPTER XI

EGGS

212.—BOILED EGGS

For a soft-boiled egg, place egg in rapidly boiling water and boil from three to five minutes. For hard-boiled eggs, place in rapidly boiling water and boil twenty minutes, or cover with boiling water and cook in the double boiler one hour. For a soft-cooked egg, not boiled, place egg in a small saucepan of boiling water, cover, and let stand on back of range from six to eight minutes, when the albumen should be evenly coagulated throughout. The time for cooking in this way will depend upon the number of eggs to be cooked, the size of the saucepan, and the amount of boiling water. For uniform results, use medium-sized eggs, cook in the same pan, and measure the quantity of water each time. Thus you can find the exact time required to cook the eggs as desired.

213.—CREAMY EGGS ON TOAST

4 eggs2 cups hot milk
2/3 teaspoon salt1 teaspoon butter
1/8 teaspoon pepper4 slices toast

Beat eggs slightly, add salt and pepper, and stir into the hot milk; cook over hot water, stirring constantly until mixture is thick and creamy. Add butter, and serve on toast.[Pg 89]

214.—CREOLE EGGS

1 tablespoon butter1 teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon chopped onion1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
1 tablespoon chopped green pepper3 eggs
2 cups tomato2 tablespoons cheese

Cook onion and pepper in butter for five minutes; add tomato and seasonings, and when thoroughly heated add the eggs unbeaten; pick up with a fork until eggs are nearly cooked; add cheese, and cook about one minute. Serve on toast, or with a border of boiled rice.

215.—EGGS WITH CHEESE AND SPAGHETTI

2½ tablespoons butter1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
4 tablespoons flour½ teaspoon onion juice
2 cups hot milk½ cup cheese cut fine
¼ teaspoon paprika1 cup cooked spaghetti
½ teaspoon salt3 hard-cooked eggs sliced

Melt butter, add flour; when well blended add milk gradually and stir until smooth; add seasonings and cheese, and stir until cheese melts; add spaghetti and eggs, cook two minutes, and serve on toast or crackers.

216.—EGGS WITH HAM AND TOMATO

½ can tomatoes3 beaten eggs
1 slice onion1/8 teaspoon pepper
4 cloves½ teaspoon salt
½ cup chopped cooked ham

Cook tomatoes, onion, and cloves fifteen minutes, and rub through a sieve; add ham, eggs, and seasonings, and cook three or four minutes, stirring all the time. Serve on toast or crackers.[Pg 90]

217.—BREAD OMELET

2 tablespoons bacon fat½ teaspoon salt
¾ cup soft stale bread crumbs¼ teaspoon paprika
¾ cup hot milk3 eggs

Melt fat in frying pan, add bread crumbs, and stir until crumbs begin to brown; add hot milk, and let stand five minutes; add salt and paprika, and the yolks beaten until thick and light; fold in the stiffly beaten whites, pour into a hot greased omelet pan, and cook the same as Light Omelet (see No. 222).

218.—CREAMY OMELET

3 eggs1/3 teaspoon salt
1 cup White Sauce (see No. 207)1/8 teaspoon pepper

Beat yolks until thick and light; add to sauce and mix well; add salt and pepper to whites of eggs, beat until stiff and dry, and fold into sauce; pour into a hot greased omelet pan, and cook slowly until well risen and firm; put on oven grate for a minute or two to dry the top; fold, and turn on a hot platter.

219.—FRENCH OMELET

1 tablespoon butter or bacon fat1/8 teaspoon pepper
4 eggs1/3 cup hot water
½ teaspoon salt

Heat fat in the omelet pan; beat the eggs until yolks and whites are well mixed, but not light; add seasonings and hot water, pour into hot pan and cook slowly; pick up with fork while cooking, letting the uncooked mixture run into the place of the cooked; when firm and lightly browned, fold double, and serve plain on a hot platter;[Pg 91] or spread before folding with left-over bits of meat chopped, such as ham, bacon, or sausage, or with grated cheese or jelly.

220.—FRENCH CHEESE OMELET

4 eggs slightly beaten½ cup hot water
½ teaspoon salt½ cup grated cheese
1/8 teaspoon pepper

Mix in order given, pour into a hot greased omelet pan; as mixture thickens, pick up with a fork, letting the uncooked part take the place of the cooked; when firm, fold, and serve on a hot platter.

221.—HAM OMELET

½ cup stale bread crumbs1/8 teaspoon pepper
½ cup hot milk3 eggs
1 tablespoon butter½ cup cooked ham finely chopped
½ teaspoon salt

Mix crumbs, milk, butter, and seasonings, and let stand five minutes; add egg yolks beaten until thick and light; add the meat, and fold in the whites of eggs beaten stiff; pour into a hot greased omelet pan and cook slowly until firm; fold, and serve at once. A white sauce or tomato sauce may be served around it. A few pieces of cooked bacon chopped fine may be used instead of ham.

222.—LIGHT OMELET

1 tablespoon bacon fat1/8 teaspoon pepper
Yolks of 4 eggs1/3 cup hot water
½ teaspoon saltWhites of 4 eggs

Put fat in omelet pan; beat yolks until light and thick, add seasonings and hot water; fold in the stiffly beaten whites, and pour into the hot omelet pan; cook slowly until well risen and firm, or about twelve minutes, placing[Pg 92] the pan on the upper grate in the oven for the last two minutes. When firm in the center, fold double, turn on a hot platter, and serve at once, either plain or with sauce. The omelet must be cooked slowly so that it will be firm throughout, and not fall.

White Sauce (see No. 207), either plain or with bits of cold meat, oysters, peas, or other left-over vegetables, or Brown Sauce (see No. 185) with a few mushrooms or chopped kidneys (see No. 164), or almost any savory sauce, improves an omelet, and also makes it go further.

223.—SALMON OMELET

1 tablespoon butter½ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons flour½ can salmon
½ cup milk2 eggs

Melt butter, stir in flour, add milk, and stir until smooth; add salt; rinse salmon with hot water; flake, and add to sauce; beat yolks of eggs until light and thick, and add to sauce; fold in whites of eggs beaten very stiff. Pour into a hot greased omelet pan, and cook slowly until well risen and firm; finish cooking on top grate of oven for a minute or two; fold, and serve on a hot platter.

224.—SCALLOPED EGGS WITH CHEESE

4 hard-cooked eggs½ cup cheese cut fine
2 cups White Sauce (see No. 207)½ cup Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472)

Cut eggs in eighths lengthwise; put half of them into a greased baking dish, cover with half of sauce, and sprinkle with half of cheese; repeat; cover with crumbs, and bake about fifteen minutes, or until crumbs are brown. Bacon or sausage fat may be used in making the white sauce.[Pg 93]

225.—SCRAMBLED EGGS WITH SAUSAGES

4 small sausages¼ teaspoon salt
3 eggs1/3 cup water

Cut sausages in half-inch bias pieces, and cook in a frying pan until brown; beat eggs until light, add salt and water, pour over sausages, and scramble until firm. Garnish with toast points and parsley.

226.—SCRAMBLED EGGS WITH TOMATO

½ can condensed tomato soup4 eggs slightly beaten
1/8 teaspoon soda6 slices buttered toast

Heat soup in an omelet pan; add soda, and stir while foaming; add eggs, scramble slowly with a fork until firm, and serve on toast. Garnish with toast points.

227.—SHIRRED EGGS

Grease individual egg shirrers or a platter which can be put in oven; cover bottom of dish with white sauce or left-over gravy, sprinkle with left-over vegetables or bits of meat chopped; carefully break an egg into dish for each person, dust with salt and pepper; sprinkle with buttered crumbs, and bake in a moderate oven until egg is set.

228.—SHIRRED EGGS WITH HAM

1 cup finely chopped cooked ham½ cup Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472)
1 cup soft bread crumbs4 eggs
½ cup milkSalt and pepper

Mix ham, soft crumbs, and milk, and spread in four buttered egg shirrers; make a hollow in the middle, break an egg into it, season lightly with salt and pepper, cover with buttered crumbs, and bake until egg is set.[Pg 94]

229.—SOUFFLÉED EGG WITH HAM TOAST

For each person cut a round of bread three inches in diameter; spread with finely chopped ham moistened with milk, stock, or gravy; add a few grains of salt to the white of an egg, and beat very stiff; mound on ham, make a depression in the center, put in the yolk, dust lightly with salt and pepper, and bake in a moderate oven until egg is firm. When several pieces of toast are to be made, keep the yolks in separate dishes until needed, but beat the whites together.

230.—SHIRRED EGGS WITH POTATO AND HAM

See recipe for Baked Ham and Potato (No. 171).[Pg 95]


CHAPTER XII

CHEESE AND NUTS

231.—CHEESE CROUSTADES

1½ cups cheese cut fine¼ teaspoon paprika
¼ teaspoon salt1 teaspoon Brand's A 1 sauce
¼ teaspoon mustard3 tablespoons milk or cream

Mix in order given; fill Croustades (see No. 473), and put in a hot oven until cheese melts. Serve immediately, before cheese toughens.

232.—CHEESE CUSTARD

1 cup soft bread crumbs¼ teaspoon salt
1 cup cheese cut fine1/8 teaspoon soda
¼ teaspoon mustard1 egg slightly beaten
½ teaspoon paprika1 cup hot milk

Mix in order given, turn into a greased baking dish, and bake in a slow oven twenty-five minutes.

233.—CHEESE FONDUE

½ cup dried bread crumbs1/3 teaspoon paprika
¾ cup boiling water1 teaspoon mustard
1 tablespoon butter½ cup milk
1 cup cheese cut fineYolks of two eggs
1/3 teaspoon saltWhites of two eggs

Mix in the order given, beating the yolks until thick and light, and the whites until very stiff; pour into a greased baking dish, bake twenty-five minutes in a slow oven, and serve at once.[Pg 96]

234.—COTTAGE CHEESE

1 quart thick sour milk½ tablespoon soft butter
1 quart boiling water1/3 teaspoon salt

Put milk in a large bowl, add boiling water, and let stand five minutes; pour into cheesecloth bag, and drain over night or for several hours. Mix cheese with butter and salt, press into a small bowl, and chill. A sweet red pepper (canned) may be pressed through a sieve and mixed with cheese.

235.—CRACKERS AND CHEESE BAKED IN MILK

Split butter crackers, spread with butter and grated cheese, sprinkle with salt and pepper, put in a buttered baking dish, cover with milk, and bake about twenty minutes in a moderate oven.

236.—CHEESE PASTE

½ pound American cheese2 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce
1 cake cream cheese¼ teaspoon salt
2 pimientos¼ cup cream

Chop American cheese and pimientos, using the finest cutter in the food chopper; add cream cheese and seasonings, and blend with cream until smooth.

237.—BAKED RICE WITH CHEESE

2 cups cooked rice1/8 teaspoon pepper
¾ cup grated cheese¾ cup hot milk
1/3 teaspoon salt

Arrange rice and cheese in layers in a greased baking dish; sprinkle with salt and pepper, cover with milk, and bake in a moderate oven about fifteen minutes.[Pg 97]

238.—SCALLOPED TOAST AND CHEESE

4 slices of toast1 egg beaten
1 cup cheese cut fine¼ teaspoon salt
1½ cups milk¼ teaspoon mustard

Butter toast, cut each slice into four pieces, and arrange in a baking dish in layers sprinkled with cheese; mix milk, egg, and seasonings, pour over toast, and let stand fifteen minutes. Bake in a moderate oven about twenty minutes.

239.—TOMATO RAREBIT

1 can condensed tomato soup½ pound cheese cut fine
½ cup soft bread crumbs¼ teaspoon mustard

Heat soup, add bread crumbs, cheese, and mustard; stir until cheese melts, and serve on toast or crackers.

240.—WELSH RAREBIT

1 tablespoon butter¼ teaspoon paprika
1 tablespoon flour¼ teaspoon salt
1 cup hot milk1/8 teaspoon soda
½ pound cheese cut fineDash of cayenne
½ teaspoon mustard1 beaten egg

Melt butter, add flour, and when well mixed add milk, and stir until smooth; add cheese and seasonings, and cook until cheese is melted; add egg, cook two or three minutes, and serve on hot toast or crisp pilot crackers. The egg may be omitted.

241.—SALTED ALMONDS

1 cup almonds (shelled)1 teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon butter

Cover almonds with boiling water and let stand on back of range for ten minutes; slip off the skins, and dry for[Pg 98] several hours, or over night; melt butter, add almonds and salt, and mix well; spread in a dripping pan, and bake in a slow oven fifteen or twenty minutes, stirring occasionally. When prepared in this way nuts will keep crisp.

242.—PEANUT BUTTER

2 quarts lightly roasted peanutsCream or melted butter
1 teaspoon salt

Remove shells and skins of peanuts, and put through the food chopper twice, using first a coarse cutter, and then the finest cutter; add salt, and enough cream or melted butter to make a smooth paste.

243.—TO SHELL CHESTNUTS

Cover with boiling water, boil ten minutes, drain, and cover with cold water. Remove the shell with a knife, beginning at top of nut. The inner skin will come off with the shell.

244.—BAKED CHESTNUTS

1 pint chestnuts1 tablespoon butter
1½ cups hot ham stock1/8 teaspoon pepper

Shell chestnuts, put in baking dish with stock, butter, and pepper; cover, and bake in hot oven about half an hour, or until soft; remove cover, and brown. If stock is very salt, dilute with water or milk.

245—CELERY, NUT, AND POTATO LOAF

2 cups celery cut in half-inch pieces1 egg slightly beaten
½ cup chopped nut meats1 teaspoon salt
2 cups hot mashed potato½ teaspoon paprika
2 tablespoons butter1 teaspoon grated onion

Cook celery in boiling salted water about half an hour, or until tender, and drain; add other ingredients in order[Pg 99] given; mix well; pack in deep greased pan, and bake in a moderate oven about half an hour. Turn out on platter, and serve with Creole Sauce (see No. 191) or Tomato Sauce (see No. 203).

246.—NUT LOAF

2 cups soft stale bread crumbs¼ teaspoon paprika
1 cup nut meats finely chopped1 egg slightly beaten
1 teaspoon salt3 tablespoons sausage fat or butter
½ teaspoon poultry seasoning½ cup boiling water

Mix in order given; pack in a deep greased pan, and bake in a moderate oven half an hour. Turn out on platter, and serve with Cheese Sauce (see No. 188).[Pg 100]


CHAPTER XIII

VEGETABLES[8]

247.—BOSTON BAKED BEANS

1 quart pea beans¼ teaspoon soda
1 tablespoon salt¼ cup molasses
1 teaspoon dry mustard½ pound fat salt pork

Soak beans in cold water over night; drain, cover with cold water, heat to boiling point, and simmer until beans are very tender but not broken; place in an earthen bean pot, add seasonings and pork (which has been scalded, scraped, and scored in half-inch squares); fill pot with boiling water, cover, and bake slowly for eight hours. Uncover for the last hour. Replenish water as needed.

248.—THICK PURÉE OF BLACK BEANS

2 cups beans½ teaspoon salt
1 onion1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 carrot3 tablespoons bacon fat
½ bay leaf1 quart boiling water
¼ teaspoon mustard

Soak beans over night in cold water; drain, add seasonings, bacon fat, and water, and simmer two hours; remove onion, carrot, and bay leaf, and press through a sieve. Beat well, and serve with lamb or mutton.[Pg 101]

249.—LIMA BEAN LOAF

1 cup dried Lima beans½ teaspoon paprika
1 onion1 egg slightly beaten
1 carrot2 tablespoons sausage fat or butter
1 cup dried sifted crumbs½ cup boiling water
1 teaspoon salt6 pimolas
4 teaspoon mustard

Soak beans over night in cold water, and drain; cover with boiling water, add onion and carrot, and cook until beans are tender; drain, and put through the food chopper with carrot and onion; add crumbs, seasonings, egg, and sausage fat melted in boiling water; add pimolas cut in small pieces, mix well, pack in a greased bread pan, and bake in a moderate oven half an hour. Serve with Tomato Sauce (see No. 203).

250.—BAKED CABBAGE

Cut a small white cabbage in inch pieces, soak in cold water half an hour, and drain; parboil ten minutes, place in greased baking dish, cover with one cup of White Sauce (see No. 207), and one-half cup of Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472); bake in a moderate oven half an hour.

251.—CABBAGE COOKED IN MILK

Put a small white cabbage through the food chopper, using the coarse cutter; soak in cold water half an hour, drain, cover with equal parts of milk and water, and cook uncovered about twenty-five minutes, or until cabbage is tender. Season with salt and pepper.[Pg 102]

252.—BRAISED CELERY

1 quart celery cut in 2-inch lengths2 tablespoons flour
2 tablespoons bacon fat2 cups stock
1 tablespoon grated onion

Cook celery, bacon fat, and onion in the frying pan for ten minutes; dredge with flour, put in baking dish, add stock (first rinsing frying pan with a little of it), cover, and bake in a moderate oven an hour and a half. Serve on toast. Add salt to stock if necessary.

253.—CREAMED CELERY ROOT (Celeriac) WITH CHEESE

Peel celery root, cut in half-inch cubes, and cook until tender in boiling salted water, to which a tablespoon of vinegar has been added. To three cups of root add one and one-half cups of White Sauce (see No. 207); put into a baking dish, sprinkle with a third of a cup of grated cheese, and place in a hot oven until cheese melts. Celery may be used in place of celery root.

254.—SOUTHERN CORN PUDDING

1 tablespoon bacon fat1 egg well beaten
½ green pepper chopped1 cup milk
1 slice onion chopped½ teaspoon salt
1 can corn chopped¼ teaspoon paprika
2 tablespoons dried bread crumbs2 slices bacon chopped fine

Cook pepper and onion in bacon fat five minutes; add corn, crumbs, egg, milk, and seasonings; pour into a greased baking dish, sprinkle with the chopped bacon, and bake in a slow oven until firm, or about twenty-five minutes.[Pg 103]

255.—CUCUMBERS SAUTÉED

Peel two cucumbers, cut in halves crosswise, slice in one-third-inch slices lengthwise, and soak in salted water for one hour; drain, dry, dip in flour seasoned with salt and pepper, and sauté in hot fat until brown. Serve on toast.

256.—CARROTS SAUTÉED

Select very small carrots; wash, scrape, and cook until tender in boiling salted water. Drain, dredge with flour, and sauté in fat until brown.

257.—CARROTS VINAIGRETTE

4 cups carrots cut in half-inch cubes¾ cup brown sugar
½ cup vinegar1 tablespoon shortening

Cook carrots in boiling salted water until tender, and drain; heat vinegar, sugar, and shortening to the boiling point, add carrots, and cook slowly half an hour, stirring occasionally.

258.—BAKED EGG PLANT

1 small egg plant¼ teaspoon paprika
1 onion finely chopped½ cup boiling water
1 cup soft stale bread crumbs2 tablespoons butter
1 teaspoon salt

Pare and slice egg plant, cut into half-inch cubes, soak in cold salted water half an hour, and drain; mix with onion, crumbs, and seasonings, and put into a greased baking dish; add boiling water, dot over with butter, and bake one hour in a moderate oven.

259.—FRIED EGG PLANT

Cut a small egg plant in one-third-inch slices; pare; cut each slice in quarters; soak in cold salted water for[Pg 104] half an hour; drain; season with pepper and salt, dip in crumbs, then in egg, and then in crumbs again; and fry in deep fat about three minutes. Or dip in flour and sauté in butter.

260.—EGG PLANT JULIENNE

Cut egg plant in two-inch slices, and pare; cut into quarter-inch vertical slices, and cut slices into quarter-inch strips; soak in cold salted water for half an hour; drain; dry, and fry in deep fat about three minutes.

261.—CREAMED LEEKS

Cut off tops of two bunches of leeks, and soak in cold water ten minutes; drain, and cook in boiling salted water about twenty minutes, or until tender; drain, and serve with White Sauce (see No. 207). The tops may be used for flavoring soups.

262.—ONIONS IN POTATO NESTS

1 quart small white onions1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 tablespoon butter1 tablespoon butter
6 potatoes¼ cup hot milk
1/3 teaspoon salt1 tablespoon chopped parsley

Peel onions and cook in boiling salted water about one hour, or until tender; drain, and add butter. Pare, boil, and mash potatoes, season with pepper and salt, add butter and hot milk, and beat until light; shape potato into small nests with a spoon, or force through a bag and a rose tube. Fill with onions and sprinkle with parsley.

263.—GREEN PEAS (Canned)

Remove from can and rinse with cold water; put in saucepan, cover with cold water, bring to boiling point,[Pg 105] and drain. Season with one-half teaspoon salt, one-fourth teaspoon pepper, one tablespoon butter, and two tablespoons of milk.

264.—PEAS AND LETTUCE

1 head lettuce1 tablespoon butter
½ cup stock or water1 tablespoon flour
¾ teaspoon salt1 can peas
1/8 teaspoon pepper1 sprig mint
1 teaspoon sugar

Wash lettuce, drain, and chop; add stock and salt, and simmer half an hour; add pepper and sugar, and thicken with butter and flour blended together; add peas drained from their liquor, and mint, and simmer ten minutes. Remove mint before serving.

265.—STUFFED GREEN PEPPERS

6 green peppers½ cup tomatoes
2 tablespoons bacon fat½ teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon grated onion¼ cup buttered crumbs
1 cup cooked rice

Cut off one inch of the tops of peppers, and chop the tops; remove seeds and veins from peppers, scald with boiling water, and drain; cook chopped pepper with onion in the bacon fat for five minutes; add rice, tomatoes, and salt; fill peppers, cover with crumbs, place in a baking dish or in individual ramekins, and bake in a moderate oven half an hour.

266.—BOILED POTATOES

Wash potatoes, pare as thin as possible, remove the eyes, and soak in cold water from fifteen minutes to one hour, according to the age of the potato; cook in boiling[Pg 106] salted water about half an hour, or until tender, allowing one tablespoon of salt to two quarts of boiling water. Drain, and dry on the back of the range or in the front of the oven with the door open. Serve very hot in an uncovered dish.

267.—BAKED POTATOES

Select medium-sized potatoes, scrub well, place in tin pan, and bake in a hot oven for about forty minutes.

268.—CREAMED POTATOES

2 cups raw potato balls or half-inch cubes1 cup White Sauce (see No. 207)
1 slice onion1 teaspoon finely chopped parsley

Cook potatoes with the onion in boiling salted water until tender; drain; remove the onion, mix with sauce, and sprinkle with parsley. If potato balls are used, cover unused potato with water and save for soup.

269.—POTATO CROUTONS

Cut potatoes in one-third-inch cubes, rinse with cold water, dry in a towel, and fry about two minutes in deep fat.

270.—FRENCH FRIED POTATOES

Wash and pare medium-sized potatoes, cut in eighths lengthwise, and soak in cold water for half an hour; drain, dry, and fry in deep fat about seven minutes; drain on soft paper, and sprinkle with salt. Cook only one layer in the basket at a time.

271.—HASHED BROWN POTATOES

Melt in the frying pan four tablespoons sausage fat, beef drippings, or other fat; add two cups chopped boiled[Pg 107] potatoes, season, and cook slowly twenty minutes, or until well browned; fold double, and garnish with parsley.

272.—LYONNAISE POTATOES

4 boiled potatoes2 tablespoons sausage fat
½ teaspoon salt2 slices onion finely chopped
1/8 teaspoon pepper

Cut potatoes in half-inch cubes, and season with salt and pepper; put fat in frying pan, add onion, and cook slowly for ten minutes; add potatoes, stir well, and cook for ten minutes without browning.

273.—PAN-ROASTED POTATOES (Franconia)

Prepare potatoes as for boiling (see No. 266), boil ten minutes, drain, and cook in roasting pan with meat about forty minutes; baste often with fat in pan.

274.—SCALLOPED POTATOES WITH CHEESE

Wash and pare four potatoes, cut in very thin slices, put half of them in a greased baking dish; dredge with flour, sprinkle with salt, pepper, and two tablespoons grated cheese; repeat; cover with hot milk, and bake in a moderate oven one hour, or until potatoes are tender. Very old potatoes should not be used in this way.

275.—SCALLOPED POTATOES WITH PEPPERS AND CHEESE

1 quart half-inch potato cubes½ teaspoon salt
1 onion chopped½ teaspoon paprika
2 tablespoons bacon fat2 canned red peppers
4 tablespoons flour½ cup grated cheese
2 cups hot milk½ cup buttered crumbs

Cook potatoes and onion in boiling salted water twenty minutes, and drain; melt bacon fat, add flour, and blend[Pg 108] well; add milk and stir until smooth; add salt, paprika, peppers chopped, and cheese; mix with potatoes; turn into a greased baking dish, cover with Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472), and bake fifteen minutes, or until brown.

276.—STUFFED POTATOES WITH CHEESE AND BACON

4 large potatoes¼ teaspoon paprika
4 tablespoons grated cheese¼ cup hot milk
¾ teaspoon salt4 slices bacon

Wash potatoes and bake in a hot oven forty-five minutes; cut in halves lengthwise, remove potato, and force through potato ricer; add cheese, seasonings, and hot milk, beat vigorously, and refill potato skins; place half a slice of bacon on top of each, and put on the upper grate of a hot oven until bacon is crisp.

277.—STUFFED POTATOES WITH NUTS AND CHEESE

4 hot baked potatoes½ tablespoon butter
¼ cup nuts chopped fine½ teaspoon salt
¼ cup grated cheese¼ teaspoon pepper
¼ cup milkButter and paprika

Cut potatoes in halves, lengthwise, remove potato, and mash; add nuts, cheese, milk, butter, and seasonings, and beat until very light; refill shells, heaping mixture in the center, make a slight depression with spoon, put in a small bit of butter, sprinkle with paprika, and brown in a hot oven.

278.—FRENCH FRIED SWEET POTATOES

Cut cold boiled sweet potatoes into eighths lengthwise, fry in deep fat until brown, drain on soft paper, and sprinkle with salt.[Pg 109]

279.—GLAZED SWEET POTATOES

Cut cooked sweet potatoes in one-third-inch slices lengthwise, put in a greased dripping pan, brush with melted butter or drippings, sprinkle thickly with brown sugar, and bake in a hot oven until glazed with melted sugar.

280.—SWEET POTATO CUSTARD

3 cooked sweet potatoes¼ nutmeg grated
2 eggs¼ cup brown sugar
1/3 teaspoon salt1 quart milk

Force potatoes through a ricer; beat the eggs and milk with potato; add other ingredients, pour into buttered baking dish or cups, and bake in a slow oven until firm.

281.—STUFFED SWEET POTATOES

3 medium-sized baked sweet potatoes1 tablespoon butter
½ teaspoon salt¼ cup milk
1/8 teaspoon pepperPowdered sugar

Cut baked potatoes in halves lengthwise; mash potatoes, add salt, pepper, butter, and milk, and beat well; fill potato shells lightly, sprinkle thickly with sugar, and bake in a hot oven until brown. Sliced marshmallows may be used instead of sugar.

282.—CREAMED SALSIFY (Oyster Plant)

Cut off the tops of a bunch of salsify; scrape, cut in quarter-inch slices, and keep white by putting in cold water with a tablespoon of vinegar in it until ready to cook; drain; cook in boiling salted water about twenty-five minutes, or until tender; drain, and mix with one cup of White Sauce (see No. 207).[Pg 110]

283.—SPINACH

Pick over spinach, and wash well in several waters; put in kettle without water, cover, and cook about half an hour, or until tender; chop fine and season with salt, pepper, and butter. A thin slice of fat salt pork or a tablespoon of bacon fat may be cooked with spinach if preferred. In that case, omit butter. Or cook in ham or corned beef stock, drain, and season only with pepper. Garnish with thin slices of hard-cooked egg, or sprinkle with the yolk of egg pressed through a sieve.

284.—BAKED WINTER SQUASH

Cut half a small squash into four pieces, scrape out seeds and stringy part, put in a pan, shell side up, and bake in a hot oven about forty minutes. Remove from shell with a spoon, press through a sieve, season with salt, pepper, and butter, and serve. Or put in a greased baking dish, cover with Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472), and bake until crumbs are brown.

285.—PLYMOUTH SUCCOTASH

½ cup dried Lima beans1/8 teaspoon pepper
Corned beef stock¾ cup corned beef cut in small pieces
½ can corn

Soak beans over night, drain, cover with cold water, and cook one hour; drain, cover with stock, and cook until tender; add corn, pepper, and meat, and simmer ten minutes. Add salt if necessary. Any stock or left-over bits of meat may be used.[Pg 111]

286.—BAKED TOMATOES

Cut four tomatoes in halves crosswise, sprinkle with salt and pepper, and cover with buttered crumbs; bake in a hot oven about twenty minutes, and serve with Mustard Pickle Sauce (see No. 200) or cooked salad dressing.

287.—TOMATO CUSTARD

1 can tomatoes4 cloves
1 cup water½ bay leaf
1¼ teaspoons salt2 tablespoons sugar
¼ teaspoon pepper¼ cup cracker dust
2 slices onion2 eggs

Simmer tomatoes, water, and seasonings for fifteen minutes, and press through a sieve; add crumbs and slightly beaten eggs, and bake in greased custard cups about twenty minutes, or until firm; turn out on platter and pour Cheese Sauce (see No. 188) around them.

288.—FRIED GREEN TOMATOES

Wipe tomatoes, cut in thick slices, season with salt and pepper, dip first in flour, then in egg, then in crumbs, and fry in deep fat until brown. Or season, dip in flour only, and sauté in butter.

289.—STEWED TOMATOES

1 can tomatoes, or 6 ripe tomatoes¼ teaspoon soda
1 teaspoon salt1 tablespoon butter
1 teaspoon sugar½ cup bread crust crumbs
¼ teaspoon pepper

Put tomatoes in a stew pan; if fresh tomatoes are used, scald, peel, and cut in pieces. Add seasonings, except pepper, and cook slowly for thirty minutes; add butter and crumbs just before serving.[Pg 112]

290.—STUFFED TOMATOES

Select six medium-sized tomatoes; cut a thin slice from the top of each, and remove the pulp; rub slices through a sieve, and add to pulp; add one cup soft stale bread crumbs, one teaspoon salt, one teaspoon Worcestershire sauce, and one tablespoon tomato ketchup; mix well, fill tomatoes, cover with Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472), and bake in a moderate oven half an hour.

291.—CREAMED WHITE TURNIPS

Cook two cups of half-inch cubes of white turnip in boiling salted water half an hour, or until tender; drain, and mix with one cup of White Sauce (see No. 207).

292.—VEGETABLE HASH

2 cups cooked cabbage1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 cup cooked potatoes1 teaspoon salt
1 cup cooked turnips2 tablespoons beef drippings
1 cup cooked beets1/3 cup stock or water
1 tablespoon grated onion

Mix vegetables and seasonings; melt fat in frying pan, add vegetables and stock; cook slowly half an hour. Fold, and serve on a hot dish. If vegetables are left from a boiled dinner, omit salt.

[Pg 113]


CHAPTER XIV

CEREALS, MACARONI, AND RICE

293.—CORN MEAL MUSH

3½ cups boiling water1 cup fine corn meal
1 teaspoon salt

Add meal to boiling salted water by sifting it slowly through the fingers, while stirring rapidly with the other hand. Boil for ten minutes, and cook over hot water for two hours. Serve hot as a cereal. Or pour into one-pound baking powder boxes to cool; slice, dip in flour, and sauté in butter; or dip in egg and crumbs, and fry in deep fat. Serve either for breakfast, or as an accompaniment to roast pork, or, with sirup, for dessert.

294.—STEAMED HOMINY

4 cups boiling water1 cup fine hominy
1 teaspoon salt

Put salt and boiling water in top of double boiler, place in direct contact with range, sift in hominy slowly, and boil for ten minutes, stirring often; cover, and cook over hot water two hours.

295.—SCALLOPED MACARONI AND CHEESE

1½ cups elbow macaroni½ cup cheese cut fine
1 onion¼ teaspoon mustard
1 cup White Sauce (see No. 207)1/3 cup Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472)

Cook macaroni and onion in boiling salted water until tender, and drain; remove onion, add cheese and mustard[Pg 114] to sauce and mix with macaroni; turn into a greased baking dish, cover with crumbs, and bake in a moderate oven until crumbs are brown.

296.—NOODLE PASTE

1 egg¼ teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon waterBread flour

Beat egg slightly, add water, salt, and flour enough to make a very stiff dough; knead well for three minutes, adding flour if necessary. Roll out as thin as possible; cut in fancy shapes with small vegetable cutter; or roll like a jelly roll and cut thin slices from the end. Cook in soup, or in boiling salted water. If served as a vegetable, season with butter, salt, and pepper, or serve with White Sauce (see No. 207).

297.—NOODLE BALLS (for Soup)

Roll Noodle Paste (see No. 296) very thin, fold double, and cut with small round vegetable cutter, or end of pastry tube; fry in deep fat until puffed into balls. Drain on soft paper.

298.—SCOTCH OATMEAL

4 cups boiling water1 cup oatmeal
1 teaspoon salt

Put water and salt in top of double boiler, place in direct contact with range, sift in oatmeal slowly, and boil for five minutes, stirring often; cover, and cook over hot water four hours, or cook on back of range over night.[Pg 115]

299.—POLENTA WITH CHEESE

2 cups boiling water1 cup corn meal
2 cups milk1 cup cheese grated, or soft cheese cut fine
1 teaspoon salt

Heat water and milk to the boiling point, add salt, and sift in corn meal very slowly. Cook over hot water two hours, or put into a fireless cooker for three hours. When cooked, add cheese, pour into a shallow pan until half an inch thick. When cold, cut into two-inch squares, dip in crumbs, then in egg, and then again in crumbs, and fry in deep fat. Or roll in flour and sauté in butter. Mustard, cayenne, Worcestershire sauce, etc., may be added if desired.

300.—POLENTA WITH DATES

Prepare recipe for Polenta with Cheese (see No. 299), using in place of the cheese one and a half cups of dates, which have been washed, stoned, and cut in pieces. Serve hot as a cereal or dessert, or in any way in which mush is served. Cooked dried peaches, apricots, prunes, or figs may be substituted for dates.

301.—FRENCH FRIED POLENTA

Prepare recipe for Polenta with Cheese (see No. 299); pour into a shallow pan until two-thirds of an inch thick; cool; cut into strips about three inches long; dip first in crumbs, then in egg, and then again in crumbs; and fry in deep fat.[Pg 116]

302.—SPANISH POLENTA

4 cups boiling water1 green pepper
1 teaspoon salt1 cup corn meal
1 onion1 cup cheese cut fine

Add salt to boiling water; add onion and pepper chopped fine; sift in corn meal very slowly, stirring all the time. Cook over hot water for two hours; add cheese, and serve hot with Tomato Sauce (see No. 203).

303.—BAKED RICE AND HAM

½ cup rice½ cup cooked ham finely chopped
2½ cups stock or water1 tablespoon onion finely chopped
2 cups milk2 tablespoons carrot finely chopped

Wash rice, place in greased baking dish; add liquid, ham, vegetables, and salt if necessary. Bake slowly for three hours, stirring occasionally during the first hour. Ham stock or corned beef stock may be used, and any cooked meat substituted for ham. Serve with boiled spinach or dressed lettuce.

304.—BOILED RICE

Wash one cup rice, and add slowly to two quarts of boiling salted water, allowing one tablespoon of salt; cook until tender, pour into strainer, rinse with boiling water, and put in oven or on back of range for a few minutes, until the grains separate. Very old rice is improved by soaking in cold water for an hour or two before cooking. Corned beef or ham stock may be used in place of salted water.[Pg 117]

305.—RICE AND COCONUT LOAF

2 cups cooked rice¼ teaspoon paprika
1 cup stewed and strained tomatoes¼ teaspoon mustard
1 tablespoon grated onion1 can grated coconut
2 teaspoons salt2 tablespoons melted bacon fat
1 egg slightly beaten

Mix all ingredients except the bacon fat; put into a deep greased pan, cover with bacon fat, and bake in a slow oven one hour.

306.—RISOTTO

½ cup rice1 onion chopped
1 cup boiling water1 green pepper chopped
1 teaspoon salt½ can tomatoes
3 tablespoons bacon fat¼ teaspoon paprika

Cook rice with boiling water and salt in top of double boiler twelve minutes, cook onion and pepper in bacon fat ten minutes, stirring often; add tomatoes and paprika, mix with rice, and cook forty-five minutes.

307.—STEAMED SAMP

½ cup samp¾ teaspoon salt
2½ cups boiling water

Wash samp, soak over night in cold water, and drain; put boiling water and salt in top of double boiler, and place directly on the range; add samp slowly, and boil five minutes; place over hot water and cook for four hours.

308.—CORN MEAL AND BEEF SCRAPPLE

3½ cups corned beef stock1 cup corned beef cut in small pieces
1 cup corn meal

Cook meal in stock as directed in Corn Meal Mush (see No. 293), add meat, and pour into a deep bread[Pg 118] pan; when cold, either slice and serve cold, or dip in flour and sauté in butter, or dip in crumbs, then in egg, and then again in crumbs, and fry in deep fat. If stock is very salt, dilute with water or milk. Any kind of stock or meat may be used in place of corned beef.

309.—WHEAT AND SAUSAGE SCRAPPLE

3¾ cups boiling water1 cup Cream of Wheat
1 teaspoon salt½ pound link sausage

Stir wheat slowly into boiling salted water, cook five minutes, place over hot water, and cook half an hour. Cook sausages in frying pan until brown, cut into half-inch pieces, add to mush, and pour into deep pan to cool. Serve sliced cold, sautéed, or fried.

310.—BAKED SPAGHETTI AND HAM

2 cups cooked spaghetti1½ cups White Sauce (see No. 207)
¾ cup cooked ham finely chopped2 tablespoons tomato ketchup
1 hard-cooked egg chopped½ cup Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472)

Put half of spaghetti into a greased baking dish; mix ham and egg, and add half of it to spaghetti; mix sauce and ketchup, and pour half of it over ham; repeat; cover with crumbs, and bake in a hot oven about fifteen minutes.

311.—CREOLE SPAGHETTI

2 cups spaghetti broken in 2-inch pieces1 cup tomatoes
1 onion chopped fine½ teaspoon salt
1 green pepper chopped fine½ teaspoon paprika
3 tablespoons bacon fat

Cook spaghetti in boiling salted water until tender, and drain; cook onion and pepper in bacon fat for ten minutes,[Pg 119] stirring often; add tomatoes and seasonings, put in top of double boiler, add spaghetti, and cook half an hour. Macaroni may be used in place of spaghetti.

312.—ITALIAN SPAGHETTI

2 cups spaghetti broken in 2-inch pieces½ bay leaf
½ onion1 can condensed tomato soup
4 cloves¼ cup grated cheese

Cook spaghetti in boiling salted water with the onion, cloves, and bay leaf until tender; drain, remove onion, cloves, and bay leaf; add soup and cheese, and heat to boiling point. One-half can tomatoes seasoned, stewed until thick, and pressed through a sieve, may be used in place of soup. Macaroni may be used in place of spaghetti.[Pg 120]


CHAPTER XV

CROQUETTES AND FRITTERS[9]

313.—TO CLARIFY FAT

Melt fat, add one pared and sliced raw potato, a pinch of soda, and a tablespoon of water; heat slowly, and cook until fat stops bubbling; strain through double cheesecloth.

314.—TO TRY OUT FAT

Cut any surplus fat into pieces, put into double boiler, cover, cook slowly until fat is extracted, and strain through double cheesecloth.

315.—CRUMBS FOR FRIED FOOD

Dry left-over bits of bread in a slow oven, put through food chopper, using finest cutter, and sift through a coarse sieve. Keep in covered jars.

316.—EGG FOR DIPPING FRIED FOOD

Break egg into a soup plate or similar shallow dish, beat enough to mix yolk and white, and add one-fourth cup of cold water or one-third cup of milk. Coat food thoroughly to prevent soaking fat.

317.—CHEESE BALLS

1½ cups cheese cut fine¼ teaspoon mustard
1 tablespoon flour¼ teaspoon paprika
¼ teaspoon saltWhites of 2 eggs beaten stiff

Mix in order given, shape in balls about one inch in diameter, roll in sifted crumbs, and fry in deep fat until[Pg 121] brown. Drain on soft paper, and serve hot. Serve with the salad course or as a savory.

318.—CHEESE CROQUETTES

3 tablespoons shortening¼ teaspoon paprika
1/3 cup bread flour¼ teaspoon mustard
1 cup hot milkFew grains cayenne
¼ teaspoon salt1 cup cheese cut fine

Melt shortening, add flour; add hot milk, and stir until smooth and thick; add seasonings and cheese, and pour into a shallow dish to cool. Shape into small pyramids, roll in sifted crumbs, dip in egg, and again in crumbs, and fry in deep fat until brown. Serve immediately.

319.—FISH CROQUETTES

2 cups cold flaked fishSalt and cayenne
1 tablespoon lemon juice1 cup Croquette Sauce (see No. 192)
Few drops onion juice

Use remnants of baked or boiled fish, sprinkle with lemon and onion juice, dust lightly with salt and cayenne, and mix with sauce. When cold, shape into small croquettes or cutlets, dip in crumbs, egg, and again in crumbs, and fry in hot deep fat one minute.

320.—MEAT CROQUETTES

To two cups of cooked meat cut in small pieces add one teaspoon of Worcestershire sauce and a few drops of onion juice; mix with one cup of Croquette Sauce (see No. 192) and put on ice until cold. Shape into small croquettes or cutlets, roll in crumbs, dip in egg, and again in crumbs, and fry in hot deep fat. Any left-over meat may be used.[Pg 122]

321.—POTATO AND BEAN CROQUETTES

2 cups cold baked beans1 tablespoon Worcestershire or Brand's A 1 sauce
1 cup mashed potatoSalt if needed
¼ teaspoon paprika

Press beans through a sieve, add potato and seasonings, mix well, and shape into small pyramids. Roll in crumbs, dip in egg, roll in crumbs again, and fry in hot deep fat. Drain on soft paper, and serve with Tomato Sauce (see No. 203).

322.—RICE CROQUETTES

1 egg slightly beaten1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
¼ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons cold water
¼ teaspoon onion juice2 cups cooked rice
1 tablespoon tomato ketchup

Mix in order given; shape into small pyramids, dip in crumbs, egg, and again in crumbs, and fry in hot deep fat.

323.—RICE AND RAISIN CROQUETTES

½ cup rice1 cup hot milk
1 cup boiling water1 tablespoon butter
1 teaspoon salt2 tablespoons sultana raisins

Wash rice, stir into boiling salted water, and boil five minutes, add milk, butter, and raisins, and cook over hot water about twenty-five minutes, or until rice is tender. Shape into small pyramids, dip in egg and crumbs, and fry in hot deep fat. Serve with Currant Jelly Sauce (see No. 608) or Lemon Sauce (see No. 613).

324.—SALMON AND POTATO CROQUETTES

Rinse a can of salmon with boiling water, and separate into flakes; mix with two cups of hot, well-seasoned[Pg 123] mashed potatoes, and a tablespoon of finely chopped mixed pickles. Shape into small croquettes, dip in crumbs, egg, and then in crumbs again, and fry in hot deep fat one minute.

325.—SLICED APPLE FRITTERS

1 cup flour1 egg well beaten
¼ teaspoon salt½ cup cold water
1 tablespoon sugar3 tart apples

Mix and sift flour, salt, and sugar; add egg and water, and beat well; pare, core, and cut apples into half-inch slices; dip in batter until well coated, and fry in hot deep fat; drain on soft paper, and dust with powdered sugar. Serve with roast pork or sausage, or serve with a liquid sauce as an entrée or a dessert.

326.—BANANA FRITTERS

1 cup flour1 egg well beaten
1½ teaspoons baking powder¼ cup cold water
¼ teaspoon salt2 bananas
1 tablespoon powdered sugar

Mix and sift dry ingredients, add egg and water, and beat well; press bananas through a sieve, add to batter, and drop from a tablespoon into hot deep fat; drain on soft paper, dust with powdered sugar, and serve with Currant Jelly Sauce (see No. 608), or Lemon Sauce (see No. 613), either as an entrée or as a dessert.

327.—CORN FRITTERS

1 can corn1 teaspoon salt
½ cup dried and sifted crumbs1 teaspoon baking powder
1 egg well beaten1 tablespoon flour
½ cup milk

Chop the corn, and add other ingredients in order given. Drop from a tablespoon into hot deep fat and fry until brown. Or sauté in a hot greased frying pan.[Pg 124]

328.—CRANBERRY FRITTERS

1 egg well beaten1 cup flour
¼ teaspoon salt1½ teaspoons baking powder
2 tablespoons sugar½ cup chopped cranberries
¼ cup water

Mix in order given; drop from a tablespoon into hot deep fat, cook about three minutes, drain on soft paper, and dredge with powdered sugar.

329.—RICE AND CURRANT FRITTERS

1 cup flour1 egg well beaten
1½ teaspoons baking powder1/3 cup cold water
1/3 teaspoon salt1 cup cooked rice
2 tablespoons sugar2 tablespoons washed currants
¼ teaspoon nutmeg

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg and water, and beat well; add rice and currants, and drop from a tablespoon into hot deep fat; drain on soft paper, and serve with Currant Jelly Sauce (see No. 608), Orange Marmalade Sauce (see No. 616), or Lemon Sauce (see No. 613).

330.—SALMON FRITTERS

1-1/3 cups flour2/3 cup water
¼ teaspoon salt¼ teaspoon paprika
2 teaspoons baking powder¼ teaspoon onion juice
1 egg well beaten½ can salmon chopped fine

Sift flour, salt, and baking powder; add egg, water, and seasonings, and beat well; add salmon, and drop from a tablespoon into hot deep fat; cook until brown, drain on soft paper, and serve with Sauce Tartare (see No. 202) or Tomato Sauce (see No. 203).[Pg 125]

331.—DOUGHNUTS

2 cups flour½ cup sugar
2½ teaspoons baking powder1 egg well beaten
¾ teaspoon salt½ cup milk
½ teaspoon nutmeg1 tablespoon melted shortening

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg, milk, and shortening, and mix well; chill, and roll out on a floured board until half an inch thick; cut, and fry in hot deep fat. A little more flour may be necessary, but the dough should be as soft as can be handled easily.

332.—SMALL TEA DOUGHNUTS

Follow recipe for Doughnuts (see No. 331), roll mixture very thin, cut with a two-inch doughnut cutter, fry, and dust with powdered sugar. Or fry the cut-out centers of large doughnuts, and roll in powdered sugar.

333.—FRIED JAM CAKES

Roll doughnut mixture very thin, and cut with a three-inch cookie cutter; put a teaspoon of jam on one half, moisten the edges with water, fold double, press edges firmly together, and fry in hot deep fat. Dust with powdered sugar.

[Pg 126]


CHAPTER XVI

SALADS AND SALAD DRESSINGS

334.—COOKED SALAD DRESSING

1½ cups hot milk2 tablespoons sugar
2 beaten eggs2 teaspoons mustard
1 tablespoon saltDash of cayenne
3 tablespoons flour½ cup hot vinegar

Mix dry ingredients, add to egg, and stir into the hot milk; add vinegar slowly, and cook over hot water for ten minutes, stirring constantly at first. Cool, put into a preserve jar, cover, and keep in a cool place. Whipped cream may be added, if desired, before using. Allow one cup for the whole recipe. Two tablespoons of melted butter or salad oil may be added, but recipe is very good without either.

335.—COOKED SALAD DRESSING (Evaporated Milk)

½ teaspoon salt1 beaten egg
1 teaspoon mustard1 tablespoon melted butter
1½ teaspoons sugar1/3 cup evaporated milk
1½ teaspoons flour2/3 cup hot water
Few grains cayenne¼ cup vinegar

Mix in order given, and cook over hot water for ten minutes, stirring constantly at first.[Pg 127]

336.—CURRANT JELLY DRESSING

¼ cup currant or any other tart jellyJuice of ½ lemon
2 tablespoons candied ginger choppedDash of cayenne
4 tablespoons oil

Melt the jelly, add ginger, cool slightly; add oil, lemon juice, and cayenne.

337.—DEVILLED HAM DRESSING

1 egg¼ teaspoon salt
1 small can devilled ham1/8 teaspoon pepper
½ cup vinegar¼ teaspoon mustard
¼ cup water¼ teaspoon cornstarch

Beat egg, add ham, vinegar, and water; mix salt, pepper, mustard, and cornstarch; add to ham mixture; and cook over hot water ten minutes.

338.—FRENCH DRESSING

2/3 cup oil½ teaspoon pepper
1/3 cup vinegar¼ teaspoon mustard
1¼ teaspoons salt1 teaspoon powdered sugar

Put the ingredients in a pint preserve jar; fasten the cover, chill, and shake well before using. Keep in the ice-box and use as needed. For use with fruit salad, omit mustard. Curry, Brand's A 1 sauce, Worcestershire sauce, tomato ketchup, or similar condiments may be added in small amounts to vary the flavor.

339.—MAYONNAISE DRESSING

Yolk of 1 egg½ teaspoon paprika
1 teaspoon salt1 cup salad oil
½ teaspoon powdered sugar2 tablespoons vinegar
1 teaspoon mustard1 tablespoon lemon juice

Beat the egg yolk; add the seasonings; add oil, a few drops at a time, until mixture thickens; mix vinegar and[Pg 128] lemon juice, and add in small quantities, alternating with the oil; as the oil thickens the dressing, dilute with the acid, leaving the finished dressing thick. It is important to have ingredients and utensils cold.

340.—POTATO MAYONNAISE

½ cup mashed potatoes½ teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
2 tablespoons oil¼ teaspoon salt
3 tablespoons vinegar¼ teaspoon mustard
1 teaspoon horseradish¼ teaspoon sugar

Mix in order given and serve with vegetable salad or cold meat.

341.—RUSSIAN DRESSING

To Mayonnaise Dressing (see No. 339) add one-third cup of thick chili sauce. Cooked salad dressing may be used in place of mayonnaise.

342.—SOUR CREAM DRESSING

½ cup sour cream1 teaspoon powdered sugar
¼ teaspoon salt3 tablespoons chili sauce

Beat cream until stiff; add salt, sugar, and chili sauce.

343.—QUICK MAYONNAISE

3 tablespoons butter½ teaspoon sugar
½ teaspoon salt3 tablespoons oil
½ teaspoon mustard1 tablespoon vinegar
¼ teaspoon paprika1 egg

Cream butter, add seasonings, and when well mixed add oil all at once; mix well, add vinegar; mix well, add the well-beaten egg yolk, and fold in the stiffly beaten white of egg. Do not chill.[Pg 129]

344.—UNCOOKED SALAD DRESSING (Condensed Milk)

2 eggs beaten1½ teaspoons salt
1 can condensed milk1½ teaspoons mustard
¼ cup melted butterDash of cayenne
1 cup vinegar

Mix, and beat with egg beater until thickened.

345.—CHICKEN SALAD

2 cups cold cooked chickenLettuce
2 cups celery cut fine1 hard-cooked egg
Salad dressing

Cut remnants of chicken in small pieces and mix with celery and salad dressing; arrange on lettuce leaves and garnish with dressing and egg thinly sliced. Cabbage and a little celery salt may be used in place of celery.

346.—CORONADO SALAD

1 can tuna fishCooked Dressing (see No. 334)
2 cups shredded cabbage2 tablespoons tomato ketchup
1 green pepper cooked and shredded

Flake fish; shred cabbage very fine; cut pepper in halves, remove seeds, cook in boiling water ten minutes, and shred in inch lengths; mix, arrange on lettuce, and dress with boiled dressing, to which the ketchup has been added. Garnish with parsley or pimiento.

347.—MEAT AND POTATO SALAD

1½ cups cooked meat cut fine½ teaspoon salt
1½ cups cooked potato cut fine2 tablespoons finely chopped pickle
½ cup celery cut fineSalad dressing

Mix in order given, cover with dressing, and garnish with sliced pickles and celery tops. White cabbage may be used in place of celery.[Pg 130]

348.—SALMON SALAD

1 can salmon2 finely chopped pickles
1 cup cooked potato cubesCooked Dressing (see No. 334)
1 cup shredded lettuceLettuce

Rinse salmon with boiling water, and separate into flakes; mix with potato, lettuce, and pickles, arrange on lettuce, and cover with dressing. Garnish with sliced hard-cooked egg and parsley.

349.—SHRIMP SALAD

1 pint cooked shrimps¾ cup salad dressing
1 cup chopped white cabbage1 head lettuce
2 tablespoons capers

Clean shrimps and break in pieces, reserving a few of the largest; mix with cabbage, capers, and dressing, and serve in lettuce nests. Garnish with whole shrimps. Canned shrimps may be used.

350.—TUNA FISH SALAD

1 can tuna fishSalad dressing
2 cups cooked potato cubesLettuce
½ cup cooked beet

Flake tuna fish, mix with potatoes cut into fine cubes, and the beet cut into inch shreds; arrange on lettuce or any crisp salad green; and dress with Cooked Dressing (see No. 334) or Mayonnaise (see No. 339).

351.—BAKED BEAN SALAD

2 cups cold baked beans1 cup Cooked Dressing (see No. 334)
1 cup cooked potato cubes2 tablespoons tomato ketchup
½ cup chopped cooked beet2 tablespoons chopped pickle

Mix beans, potato, and beets; add ketchup and pickle to dressing, mix with vegetables, and serve on lettuce or any crisp salad green. Garnish with radishes.[Pg 131]

352.—BERMUDA ONION SALAD

6 Bermuda onions½ bay leaf
2 quarts boiling waterSmall piece lemon peel
1 dozen pepper cornsLettuce
4 clovesFrench Dressing (see No. 338)
½ teaspoon salt

Peel and quarter onions, and cook in boiling water with seasonings until tender; drain, cool, arrange on lettuce, and cover with dressing. Garnish with red radishes.

353.—CABBAGE AND BEET SALAD

3 cups shredded cabbage2 tablespoons vinegar
3 beets finely chopped¼ teaspoon white mustard seed
¼ teaspoon saltCooked Dressing (see No. 334)

Mix cabbage, beets, salt, vinegar, and mustard seed; arrange on small white cabbage leaves, and dress with cooked dressing. Garnish with parsley.

354.—CABBAGE AND CRANBERRY SALAD

3 cups finely shredded white cabbage½ cup chopped cranberries
½ cup finely shredded celery

Mix with Cooked Dressing (see No. 334), and garnish with celery tops and whole cranberries.

355.—CELERY ROOT SALAD

2 cups Creamed Celery Root (see No. 253)1 cup shredded white cabbage
1 cup chopped apple

Mix, and serve on lettuce with Cooked Dressing (see No. 334) or Mayonnaise Dressing (see No. 339).[Pg 132]

356.—DUTCH POTATO SALAD

6 boiled potatoes¼ teaspoon celery seed
½ onion finely chopped¼ teaspoon white mustard seed
1 teaspoon salt¼ cup bacon fat
¼ teaspoon pepper½ cup hot vinegar

Cut potatoes into half-inch cubes; add onion, salt, pepper, celery, and mustard seed; heat bacon fat, add vinegar, and pour over potatoes; let stand until cold, and serve on any crisp salad green. Garnish with pickled beet.

357.—LEEK SALAD

Cut leeks in half-inch slices and cook in boiling salted water until tender; drain, chill, and serve on lettuce with French Dressing (see No. 338); sprinkle with chopped parsley and paprika.

358.—PEPPER AND CABBAGE SALAD

½ small white cabbage1 red pepper
1 green pepperSalad dressing

Shred cabbage into fine inch shreds; remove seeds and veins from peppers, and cut into fine shreds. Mix with dressing and arrange on small inner cabbage leaves. Garnish with parsley and strips of red pepper.

359.—POTATO SALAD

6 potatoes½ teaspoon salt
1 onion½ teaspoon paprika
½ teaspoon celery seedSalad dressing
¼ teaspoon mustard seed

Pare potatoes, cut in halves, and cook in boiling salted water with the onion until tender; cool, cut in half-inch cubes, add seasonings, and mix with dressing. Cover with[Pg 133] dressing, and garnish with parsley, red beets, or cooked carrot. Devilled Ham Dressing (see No. 337) is excellent with potato salad.

360.—SWEET POTATO SALAD

3 cups of cooked sweet potato cubes4 tablespoons oil
1 cup white cabbage or celery finely chopped1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce
2 tablespoons vinegar½ teaspoon salt

Mix and serve on heart cabbage leaves, and garnish with parsley and pickles.

361.—SAMOSET SALAD

Arrange lettuce in salad bowl, cover with slices of pickled beets, and sprinkle thickly with cottage cheese. Cover with dressing made of three tablespoons each of beet vinegar and oil, one-fourth teaspoon salt, and one-eighth teaspoon pepper.

362.—SPANISH SALAD

1 head of lettuce3 tomatoes quartered
2 cups of half-inch cubes of breadFrench Dressing (see No. 338)
1 Spanish onion chopped fine2 sliced pickles
1 cucumber sliced

Shred the coarser leaves of the lettuce, and arrange in salad bowl on heart leaves; cover with bread cubes, sprinkle with onion, add cucumber and tomatoes, and pour French dressing over all. Garnish with pickles.[Pg 134]

363.—SPANISH ONION AND TOMATO SALAD

1 head lettuce1 green pepper
4 mild onionsFrench Dressing (see No. 338)
2 ripe tomatoes

Wash and dry lettuce, and arrange in salad bowl; peel onions, cut in very thin slices, and put on lettuce; peel and slice tomatoes, and place on onions; cut pepper in thin slices, remove seeds and veins, and place on tomatoes; cover with French dressing, and serve very cold with brown bread sandwiches.

364.—TOMATO JELLY SALAD

1 can tomatoes1/8 teaspoon soda
½ onionDash of cayenne
4 cloves½ bay leaf
1 teaspoon salt½ box gelatine
1 teaspoon sugar½ cup cold water

Cook tomatoes and seasonings for twenty minutes; soak gelatine in cold water for a few minutes; add to tomato, and stir until dissolved; press through a sieve, and fill individual molds, which have been garnished with a slice of hard-cooked egg. Serve on lettuce with any dressing preferred. A small amount of clear jelly may be made by allowing mixture to drip through a jelly bag. Put into very small molds, and use as a garnish for cold meat or salads. The pulp left in the bag will make excellent soup.

365.—VEGETABLE SALAD (Cooked)

1½ cups potatoesFrench Dressing (see No. 338)
1 cup beets¼ teaspoon onion juice
¾ cup white turnip1 bouillon cube
½ cup peas

Cut potatoes, beets, and turnips into half-inch cubes, and mix with peas; dissolve bouillon cube in one tablespoon[Pg 135] of boiling water, and add with onion juice to dressing. Arrange vegetables on any crisp salad green, and pour dressing over them.

366.—APPLE AND MINT SALAD

2 cups finely cut apple4 tablespoons oil
2 tablespoons chopped mintFew grains cayenne
2 tablespoons lemon juice1 head lettuce
Few gratings lemon rind

Mix the mint, lemon juice, and rind, cover, and let stand for half an hour; add oil and cayenne, and pour over apple. Serve on lettuce and garnish with sprigs of mint.

367.—BANANA AND APPLE SALAD

Peel and slice three bananas; pare, core, and slice four apples; arrange on lettuce, and cover with Currant Jelly Dressing (see No. 336).

368.—BANANA AND PEANUT SALAD

Peel and scrape bananas, cut crosswise into three pieces, roll in finely chopped peanuts, and serve on lettuce with French Dressing (see No. 338).

369.—BELLEVUE SALAD

1 cup cottage cheese¼ cup French Dressing (see No. 338)
½ cup peanut butter1 large red apple
½ teaspoon saltLettuce leaves

Mix cheese, butter, salt, and dressing until well blended; core apples, cut in one-third-inch slices, and cover each slice with cheese mixture forced through a rose tube; arrange on lettuce, and serve with French dressing.[Pg 136]

370.—CREAM CHEESE SALAD

Force cream cheese through potato ricer, arrange lightly on lettuce leaves, and dress with a French Dressing (see No. 338), to which two tablespoons of chili sauce have been added.

371.—FROZEN CREAM CHEESE

Mash a cream cheese, season with paprika and salt, moisten with cream, and beat until smooth; pack into individual paper cases, put into a tightly covered tin, and pack in equal parts of salt and ice for three hours. Serve on lettuce with French Dressing (see No. 338), and garnish with bits of currant jelly or Mock Bar-le-Duc Currants (see No. 666).

372.—JELLIED WALDORF SALAD

½ package gelatine1 cup celery shredded
½ cup cold water½ cup nut meats chopped
1 cup boiling waterLettuce
¼ cup sugar6 pimolas sliced
¼ cup lemon juiceMayonnaise
2 cups apple chopped

Soak gelatine in cold water five minutes, add boiling water, sugar, and lemon juice; chill until it begins to stiffen; add apples, celery, and nuts; turn into individual molds, and chill. Serve on lettuce, and garnish with pimolas and mayonnaise.

373.—ORANGE AND CRESS SALAD

1 bunch water cress4 seedless oranges
1 head romaineFrench Dressing (see No. 338)

Pick over, wash, and dry cress; wash and dry romaine, and arrange in salad bowl; peel and cut oranges in thin[Pg 137] slices, and arrange over romaine; put cress around edge of bowl, and cover all with French dressing made with lemon juice instead of vinegar.

374.—PEAR SALAD

5 pears1 teaspoon Jamaica ginger
Lettuce1 teaspoon powdered sugar
4 tablespoons oil½ teaspoon paprika
2 tablespoons lemon juice

Pare, quarter, and core fruit; wash and dry lettuce; shred finely the outer leaves, and arrange on the heart leaves; cut quarters of pears lengthwise, place on lettuce, and cover with dressing made of oil, lemon juice, and seasonings. The pears should not be too ripe.

375.—PINEAPPLE, CHEESE, AND DATE SALAD

For each person allow two lettuce leaves, one slice of pineapple, and three dates stuffed with cream cheese. Cut the pineapple in cubes and place on the lettuce; cut dates in halves lengthwise, remove stones, stuff with cream cheese, and arrange on pineapple; sprinkle cheese with paprika, and dress all with French Dressing (see No. 338).

376.—PINEAPPLE AND COTTAGE CHEESE SALAD

Arrange slices of pineapple on crisp lettuce; in the center of each slice place a cottage cheese ball rolled in chopped nut meats; dress with French Dressing (see No. 338).[Pg 138]


CHAPTER XVII

YEAST BREADS, MUFFINS, AND ROLLS

377.—WHITE BREAD

1 cup scalded milk2½ teaspoons salt
1 cup boiling water½ yeast cake
1 tablespoon sugar¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons shortening6 to 7 cups flour

Put liquid, sugar, shortening, and salt in the mixing bowl; when lukewarm add the yeast cake (which has been dissolved in lukewarm water); add flour and knead well. The exact amount of flour will depend upon the quality; but enough should be used to make a smooth, soft dough which after kneading is not sticky. Cover, and let rise in a warm room until double in bulk; cut down, knead well, and shape into loaves; cover, let rise until double in bulk, and bake in a hot oven about fifty minutes. To hurry the rising of the bread increase the quantity of yeast. Bread mixed with two yeast cakes may be made and baked in about three hours.

378.—BRAN BREAD (Yeast)

½ cup boiling water½ yeast cake
½ cup scalded milk¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons shortening1 cup entire wheat flour
2 tablespoons molasses1 cup white flour
1½ teaspoons salt2 cups bran

Mix water, milk, shortening, molasses, and salt; when lukewarm add yeast cake dissolved in lukewarm water, add[Pg 139] flour sifted, and bran, and mix with liquid to a soft dough; let rise until light, cut down, and knead into small loaves, using more bran if necessary to prevent sticking; let rise until nearly double, and bake in hot oven about fifty minutes.

379.—ENTIRE WHEAT BREAD

Follow recipe for White Bread (see No. 377), using four cups of entire wheat flour and two or more cups of white flour. Molasses may be used in place of sugar.

380.—DATE BREAD (Not Kneaded)

1 cup scalded milk½ yeast cake
1 cup boiling water¼ cup lukewarm water
4 cup molasses4 cups entire wheat flour
2 tablespoons shortening1¼ cups white flour
2 teaspoons salt1 cup dates cut in pieces

Mix milk, water, molasses, shortening, and salt; when lukewarm, add yeast, dissolved in lukewarm water, and flour; mix, and beat well; let rise until double in bulk; add dates, beat well, turn into two greased bread pans, let rise until light, and bake one hour. The oven should be hot for the first fifteen minutes, and then the heat should be reduced.

381.—FRIED BREAD

Cut raised bread dough into pieces the size of a small egg, flatten with the rolling pin, cover, let rise until light, and fry in deep fat about three minutes.[Pg 140]

382.—GRAHAM AND CORN BREAD

1 cup corn meal¼ cup molasses
1 cup boiling water½ yeast cake
1 cup scalded milk¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons shortening4 cups Graham flour
2½ teaspoons salt

Pour boiling water over corn meal; mix well, add milk and shortening; when lukewarm add salt, molasses, and yeast dissolved in lukewarm water; add flour, beat well, and let rise until double in bulk; beat again, pour into two greased bread pans, let rise until light, and bake about fifty minutes. The oven should be hot for the first fifteen minutes, and then the heat reduced.

383.—IRISH BREAD

1 quart bread dough¼ cup sugar
1/3 cup shortening1 cup raisins seeded and chopped

Knead shortening, sugar, and raisins into dough; shape into two round loaves, let rise, brush with milk, and bake in hot oven about forty minutes.

384.—OATMEAL BREAD

1 cup rolled oats½ yeast cake
½ cup corn meal¼ cup lukewarm water
1½ teaspoons salt½ cup molasses
1 tablespoon shortening4 cups flour
2 cups boiling water

Mix oats, corn meal, salt, and shortening; add boiling water, and let stand one hour; add yeast dissolved in lukewarm water, molasses, and flour. Mix well, cover, and let rise until double in bulk; beat well, turn into two[Pg 141] greased pans, let rise, and bake in a hot oven about fifty minutes.

385.—RYE BREAD

1 cup scalded milk½ yeast cake
1 cup boiling water¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons shortening3 cups rye flour
3 tablespoons molasses3 to 4 cups white flour
2 teaspoons salt

Mix; let rise and bake the same as White Bread (see No. 377).

386.—SHREDDED WHEAT BREAD

2 shredded wheat biscuit1 tablespoon shortening
1 cup hot milk½ yeast cake
1 cup hot water¼ cup lukewarm water
½ cup molasses6 cups entire wheat flour
1 tablespoon salt

Crumble the biscuit; add milk, water, molasses, salt, and shortening; when lukewarm add yeast cake dissolved in lukewarm water, and sifted flour; knead well, cover and let rise until double in bulk; cut down, shape into loaves or biscuit, put into greased pans, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven about fifty minutes for loaves, and twenty-five minutes for biscuit. This makes one loaf and one pan of biscuit. A little more or less flour may be needed.

387.—BUNS

1 cup scalded milk½ yeast cake
1/3 cup shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
¼ cup sugar½ cup currants
1 teaspoon salt3½ cups flour

Mix milk, shortening, sugar, and salt; when lukewarm, add yeast dissolved in lukewarm water; add currants, and[Pg 142] flour enough to knead (a little more or less than the three and one-half cups may be required); let rise until double in bulk; knead, and shape into small round buns; place in a greased baking pan two inches apart, and let rise until light; brush with milk, dust with powdered sugar, and bake in a hot oven about twenty minutes.

388.—CRESCENTS

Use Parker House Roll mixture (see No. 389) or any bread dough into which more shortening has been kneaded; roll out half an inch thick, cut into four-inch squares, and cut squares in halves diagonally; brush with melted shortening, and roll firmly, beginning with the diagonal edge. Curve into crescent shape, place on greased baking sheet, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven about fifteen minutes.

389.—PARKER HOUSE ROLLS

2 cups milk1 yeast cake
1/3 cup shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
1 teaspoon salt6 to 7 cups flour
2 tablespoons sugar

Scald milk; add shortening, salt, and sugar; when cool add yeast dissolved in water; stir in two cups of flour, cover, and let rise until double in bulk; add enough flour to form a soft dough; knead well, and let rise again; cut down with a knife; roll out on lightly floured bread board until about half an inch thick; cut with small round cutter, brush with butter, and fold double; put on baking sheet, cover, and let rise until light, brush with milk, and bake in hot oven about twelve minutes.[Pg 143]

390.—SHAMROCK ROLLS

To one quart of bread dough add one-fourth cup of melted shortening and two tablespoons of sugar. Knead well, and shape into small balls about the size of a pecan nut; grease muffin tins, put three balls in each, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven about fifteen minutes.

391.—SWEDISH COFFEE ROLLS

1 cup scalded milk½ yeast cake
1/3 cup shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
1 teaspoon salt3½ cups flour
¼ cup sugar1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 egg well beaten2 tablespoons sugar

Scald milk, add shortening, salt, and sugar; when lukewarm add egg, yeast dissolved in water, and flour, of which a little more or less may be required; knead well, cover, and let rise until double in bulk; knead again; roll on a floured board until about one-fourth of an inch thick, brush with melted shortening, and sprinkle with cinnamon mixed with sugar; fold dough into three layers, cut in strips three-quarters of an inch thick; twist each strip, and shape like a figure eight, pressing the ends firmly in place; put on a greased baking sheet, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven twenty minutes. Spread with a thin coating of plain icing.

392.—RAISED MUFFINS

½ cup boiling water1 egg
½ cup scalded milk¼ yeast cake
1 teaspoon salt¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons sugar2½ cups flour
2 tablespoons shortening

Pour water and milk over salt, sugar, and shortening; when cool add beaten egg, yeast dissolved in water, and[Pg 144] flour; beat well and let rise over night; beat again; fill greased muffin pans two-thirds full, let rise, and bake in a hot oven thirty minutes. Or place greased muffin rings on a hot greased griddle, fill two-thirds full, and cook on top of range about twenty minutes, turning when half cooked.

393.—RAISED CORN MUFFINS

1 cup scalded milk¼ yeast cake
4 tablespoons shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
4 tablespoons sugar1 cup corn meal
1 teaspoon salt1½ cups flour

Add shortening, sugar, and salt to milk; when lukewarm add yeast dissolved in water, corn meal, and flour; beat well, let rise over night; beat well, half fill greased muffin rings, let rise until nearly double, and bake in hot oven half an hour.

394.—RAISED DATE MUFFINS

Follow recipe for Date Bread (see No. 380); half fill greased muffin tins, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven twenty-five minutes. Figs cut in small pieces may be used instead of dates.

395.—RAISED OATMEAL MUFFINS (Uncooked Oats)

1 cup rolled oats1 egg
1 cup scalded milk¼ yeast cake
2 tablespoons shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
1 teaspoon salt2½ cups flour
¼ cup molasses

Pour hot milk over oats, add shortening; when lukewarm add salt, molasses, egg well beaten, and yeast cake dissolved in lukewarm water; beat well, and add flour;[Pg 145] beat well, and let rise over night; beat again, and half fill greased muffin pans; let rise until nearly double, and bake in a hot oven half an hour.

396.—RAISED ROULETTES

Roll out to one-half inch thickness any roll or soft raised bread mixture; brush with melted butter, and spread with cinnamon and sugar, fruit, or any of the fillings used for Baking Powder Roulettes (see No. 447). Roll like a jelly roll until dough is about two and one-half inches in diameter, cut in half-inch slices with a sharp knife, place on greased sheet two inches apart, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven twenty minutes.[Pg 146]


CHAPTER XVIII

BAKING POWDER BREADS, MUFFINS, AND BISCUIT[10]

397.—BAKING POWDER

1 pound 2 ounces pure cream of tartar¼ pound cornstarch
½ pound cooking soda

Mix and sift thoroughly four times, and store in closely covered jars.

398.—BARLEY BREAD

2 cups barley meal1 teaspoon salt
1 cup Graham flour6 teaspoons baking powder
1 cup white flour2 cups milk
2 tablespoons sugar

Sift dry ingredients together, and mix well with milk; turn into a greased bread tin, let stand fifteen minutes, and bake in a moderate oven fifty minutes. Raisins, dates, figs, or nuts may be added.

399.—BRAN BREAD

2 cups bran5 teaspoons baking powder
2 cups entire wheat flour½ cup molasses
1 teaspoon salt¾ cup water
½ teaspoon soda¾ cup milk

Sift flour, salt, soda, and baking powder, and add to bran; add molasses and liquid, and beat well; turn into a[Pg 147] greased bread pan; let stand fifteen minutes, and bake in a moderate oven one hour.

400.—DATE BREAD

1 cup corn meal¼ cup molasses
1 cup entire wheat flour1 cup dates stoned and cut in pieces
1 cup white flour½ cup nut meats chopped
1½ teaspoons salt1 egg well beaten
¼ teaspoon soda1¼ cups milk
5 teaspoons baking powder

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add other ingredients in order given; mix well, turn into a greased bread pan, cover with a cloth, let stand fifteen minutes; bake in a moderate oven fifty minutes.

401.—DARK NUT BREAD

¼ cup sugar1 cup bread flour
¾ cup hot water5 teaspoons baking powder
½ cup molasses1½ teaspoons salt
¾ cup milk½ teaspoon soda
2 cups entire wheat flour¾ cup nut meats finely chopped

Mix in order given, sifting dry materials together before adding. Turn into a greased bread pan, let stand fifteen minutes, and bake in a moderate oven one hour.

402.—QUICK RAISIN BREAD

2½ cups entire wheat flour¼ cup sugar
½ cup fine corn meal1 beaten egg
6 teaspoons baking powder1¼ cups milk
1 teaspoon salt1 cup seeded raisins cut in halves

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg, milk, and raisins, and mix well; put into a greased bread pan, cover, and[Pg 148] let stand fifteen minutes; bake in a moderate oven about fifty minutes. One cup of finely chopped nuts may be added.

403.—BREAD CRUMB BROWN BREAD

1½ cups dried sifted crumbs½ cup corn meal
1 cup boiling water1 cup Graham flour
½ cup molasses¾ teaspoon salt
1 cup milk1½ teaspoons soda

Put crumbs in mixing dish, add boiling water, and let stand ten minutes; add molasses, milk, and the dry ingredients sifted together. Steam the same as Steamed Indian Date Bread (see No. 404).

404.—STEAMED INDIAN DATE BREAD

1½ cups corn meal2/3 cup molasses
1 cup rye meal1 cup water
½ cup flour1 cup milk
1½ teaspoons soda1 cup dates
1 teaspoon salt

Mix and sift dry ingredients, add molasses, liquid, and dates which have been stoned and cut in pieces. Pour into greased one-pound baking powder boxes, and steam steadily for one and three-quarters hours. Or pour into a large greased mold and steam for three hours.

405.—CORN BREAD (without Eggs)

¾ cup corn meal½ teaspoon salt
¾ cup flour¾ teaspoon soda
2 tablespoons sugar1½ cups buttermilk or sour milk

Mix and sift dry ingredients, add buttermilk gradually, and beat well; pour into well-greased shallow pan, and bake in hot oven twenty minutes.[Pg 149]

406.—COUNTRY CORN BREAD

¾ cup corn meal1/3 teaspoon salt
¾ cup flour1 beaten egg
3 teaspoons baking powder¾ cup milk and water mixed
1 tablespoon sugar2 tablespoons melted bacon fat

Mix in order given, beat well, and bake in a well-greased shallow pan in a hot oven about twenty minutes. Half of the egg will make a very good corn bread. Left-over pieces may be split, lightly buttered, and browned in the oven.

407.—CORN MUFFINS

1 cup corn meal2 tablespoons sugar
1 cup flour1 beaten egg
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup milk and water mixed
½ teaspoon salt4 tablespoons melted shortening

Mix in order given, beat well, and bake in greased gem pans in hot oven twenty minutes.

408.—CORN AND RICE MUFFINS

1 cup cooked rice1 tablespoon sugar
2/3 cup hot milk1 egg
½ cup corn meal½ cup flour
2 tablespoons bacon fat3 teaspoons baking powder
½ teaspoon salt

Pour hot milk over rice, and work with a fork to separate grains; add corn meal, bacon fat, salt, and sugar; when cool add egg well beaten, flour, and baking powder; beat well; bake in well-greased muffin pans in hot oven twenty minutes.[Pg 150]

409.—CUSTARD CORN CAKE

½ cup corn meal1 cup sour milk
½ cup flour1 egg
2 tablespoons sugar2 tablespoons melted shortening
½ teaspoon salt½ cup sweet milk
½ teaspoon soda

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add sour milk and egg well beaten, and beat thoroughly; melt shortening in an earthen baking dish, pour in batter, pour the sweet milk over it, and bake in a hot oven twenty-five minutes. Cut in wedge-shaped pieces for serving.

410.—MOLASSES CORN BREAD

1 cup corn meal1 egg
1 cup flour¼ cup molasses
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup water
½ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons melted bacon fat

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg well beaten, molasses, water, and bacon fat; beat well, pour into a well-greased shallow pan, and bake about twenty minutes in a hot oven.

411.—RHODE ISLAND CORN CAKE

1 cup white corn meal2 tablespoons sugar
1 cup flour1 egg
4 teaspoons baking powder¼ cup melted shortening
½ teaspoon salt1 cup milk

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg yolk well beaten, shortening, and milk; beat well; fold in the stiffly beaten white of egg, and bake in a greased, shallow pan in hot oven about twenty minutes.[Pg 151]

412.—BLUEBERRY MUFFINS

Follow recipe for Cambridge Muffins (see No. 414); add one cup of blueberries just before putting into the pans. If canned blueberries are used, drain, and dredge with flour before adding to batter.

413.—BRAN MUFFINS

2 cups bran½ cup molasses
1 cup flour1¾ cups milk
½ teaspoon salt1 tablespoon melted shortening
1 teaspoon soda

Mix in order given; beat well, and bake in moderate oven about twenty-five minutes. These muffins are moist, keep well, and may be reheated successfully in a covered pan, either over steam or in the oven.

414.—CAMBRIDGE MUFFINS

¼ cup shortening2 cups flour
¼ cup sugar4 teaspoons baking powder
1 egg¼ teaspoon salt
¾ cup milk

Cream the shortening; add the sugar and egg well beaten; beat well, add the milk, flour, baking powder, and salt, which have been sifted together; beat again, and bake in hot greased muffin pans twenty minutes in a moderate oven.

415.—CHEESE MUFFINS

Use recipe for Plain Muffins (see No. 419) or any muffin recipe, omitting the sugar; cut cheese in half-inch cubes, and place three or four pieces on top of each muffin before baking.[Pg 152]

416.—CRANBERRY MUFFINS

Follow recipe for Cambridge Muffins (see No. 414), and add one cup of cranberries coarsely chopped.

417.—CRUMB MUFFINS

1 cup dried and sifted bread crumbs1 egg
1 tablespoon shortening½ cup milk
1 tablespoon sugar¾ cup flour
½ teaspoon salt3 teaspoons baking powder
½ cup boiling water

Mix crumbs, shortening, sugar, salt, and boiling water; when cool add the egg well beaten, the milk, flour, and baking powder; beat well and bake in greased muffin pans twenty minutes in a moderate oven.

418.—DATE MUFFINS

To recipe for Plain Muffins (see No. 419) or Cambridge Muffins (see No. 414) add one cup dates, stoned and cut in small pieces.

419.—PLAIN MUFFINS

2 cups flour1 egg
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup milk
½ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons melted shortening
2 tablespoons sugar

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg well beaten, milk, and shortening; beat well, and bake in greased muffin pans in moderate oven twenty minutes. For fruit muffins add one cup of figs, dates, or cooked prunes cut in pieces.[Pg 153]

420.—RYE MUFFINS

1 cup rye flour2 tablespoons molasses
1 cup white flour1 egg
½ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons melted shortening
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup milk

Mix and sift dry ingredients, add molasses, egg well beaten, shortening, and milk; beat well, half fill greased muffin tins, and bake in moderate oven twenty minutes.

421.—SOUR MILK MUFFINS

1½ cups flour1 egg
1 tablespoon sugar1 cup thick sour milk
½ teaspoon soda2 tablespoons melted shortening
½ teaspoon salt

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg well beaten, sour milk, and shortening; beat quickly, and bake in greased muffin pans in moderate oven twenty minutes.

422.—BUTTERMILK MUFFINS

Follow recipe for Sour Milk Muffins (see No. 421), using buttermilk instead of sour milk.

423.—SALLY LUNN

2 cups flour2 eggs
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup milk
½ teaspoon salt¼ cup melted shortening
2 tablespoons sugar

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add eggs well beaten, milk, and shortening; beat thoroughly, pour into shallow greased pan, and bake in a moderate oven twenty minutes.[Pg 154]

424.—BAKING POWDER BISCUIT

2 cups flour2 tablespoons shortening
4 teaspoons baking powder¾ cup milk
1 teaspoon salt

Mix and sift dry ingredients, rub in shortening until fine and crumbly, and add milk to form a soft dough; a little more or less may be required, according to the brand of flour used. Roll out on a slightly floured board until three-fourths of an inch thick, cut with small cutter, place on greased pan an inch apart, and bake in hot oven twelve minutes. For soft biscuit with little crust, place close together in the pan, and bake five minutes longer. Left-over biscuit may be split, lightly buttered, and browned in the oven.

425.—CORN MEAL ROLLS

1 cup corn meal½ teaspoon salt
1 cup flour3 tablespoons bacon fat
4 teaspoons baking powder¾ cup milk

Mix and sift dry ingredients; rub in shortening with finger tips; add milk, and mix thoroughly; roll lightly, on a floured board, to a thickness of one-half inch; cut with biscuit cutter, brush with milk or water, and fold double. Bake in hot oven fifteen minutes.

426.—BACON SANDWICH ROLLS

Follow recipe for Corn Meal Rolls (see No. 425), putting a piece of cooked bacon on half of roll before folding.

427.—DATE ROLLS

Use recipe for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424), roll out one-half inch thick, and cut in rounds with three-inch[Pg 155] cutter; spread with soft butter, sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar, and put a date, split lengthwise and stoned, on half of each roll; fold over, press edges firmly together, brush with milk, and bake in hot oven fifteen minutes. Allow one-half teaspoon cinnamon to two tablespoons sugar. Cooked and stoned prunes or chopped figs may be used instead of dates.

428.—QUICK COFFEE CAKE

¼ cup shortening2½ cups flour
¼ cup sugar5 teaspoons baking powder
1 egg½ teaspoon salt
1 cup milk and water mixed2 tablespoons sugar
½ cup seedless raisins1 teaspoon cinnamon

Cream the shortening and sugar; add egg well beaten, milk, raisins, flour, baking powder, and salt; spread in a greased shallow pan, brush with melted butter, and sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar; bake in hot oven fifteen to twenty minutes.

429.—QUICK DROP BISCUIT

Use recipe for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424), increasing the milk to one cupful; drop from a tablespoon on a greased pan two inches apart, and bake in a hot oven ten minutes; or half fill greased muffin tins, and bake twelve minutes.

430.—ENTIRE WHEAT BISCUIT

Follow directions for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424), using entire wheat flour in place of white flour, and adding one tablespoon of molasses.[Pg 156]

431.—FRUIT TEA BISCUIT

To recipe for Quick Drop Biscuit (see No. 429) add one chopped apple, one-half cup of seeded and chopped raisins, two tablespoons of washed currants, and two tablespoons of sugar. Put into hot greased muffin pans, and bake in a hot oven fifteen minutes. Serve for tea, or with a hot liquid sauce for dessert.

432.—GRAHAM BISCUIT

1 cup Graham flour½ teaspoon salt
½ cup fine corn meal2 tablespoons shortening
½ cup bran1 tablespoon molasses
4 teaspoons baking powder¾ cup milk

Mix dry ingredients without sifting; rub in shortening with finger tips; add molasses and milk; mix well; roll, cut, and bake as directed for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424).

433.—JAM ROLLS

2 cups flour2 tablespoons shortening
4 teaspoons baking powder1 egg
1 teaspoon salt2/3 cup milk
1 tablespoon sugar

Sift together flour, baking powder, salt, and sugar; rub in shortening with finger tips until mealy; add beaten egg and milk, and mix with a knife to a soft dough; roll out one-third of an inch thick, and cut with a round cutter; put a teaspoon of jam on each, moisten the edges with water, fold over, and press firmly together; make two cuts on top so that jam will show, brush with milk, and bake in hot oven fifteen minutes.[Pg 157]

434.—POTATO SCONES

2 cups flour1 cup mashed potato
½ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons shortening
4 tablespoons baking powder¾ cup milk

Sift flour, salt, and baking powder; add potato and shortening, and work in with finger tips; add milk, and mix to a soft dough with a knife; roll out three-quarters of an inch thick on floured board, cut with biscuit cutter, and cook on hot greased griddle about twenty minutes, turning over when half cooked. Split, butter, and serve hot.

435.—SCOTCH SCONES

1 cup fine oatmeal4 teaspoons baking powder
¾ cup scalded milk1 teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons shortening2 tablespoons sugar
1 cup flour

Pour hot milk over oatmeal, mix well, add shortening, and let stand until cold; mix and sift flour, baking powder, salt, and sugar; add to oatmeal, and mix well; roll out three-fourths of an inch thick, cut in rounds, and cook on a greased griddle about twenty minutes, turning when half cooked.

WITHOUT BAKING POWDER OR YEAST

436.—POPOVERS

1 cup flour1 cup milk
¼ teaspoon salt1 teaspoon melted butter
1 egg

Sift flour and salt; beat egg very light, and mix with milk; mix gradually with flour; add melted butter, and[Pg 158] beat two minutes with a strong egg beater; pour into hot greased popover cups or pans, and bake in a hot oven twenty to thirty minutes, according to size of pans. The mixture should be very cold, and the pans and oven very hot.

437.—ENTIRE WHEAT POPOVERS

¾ cup entire wheat flour1 cup milk
¼ cup corn meal1 egg
¼ teaspoon salt1 teaspoon melted butter

Follow directions for mixing and baking Popovers (see No. 436).

438.—GRAHAM POPOVERS

Follow recipe for Entire Wheat Popovers (see No. 437), except that Graham flour should be used in place of entire wheat.

439.—BREAKFAST PUFFS

1 cup entire wheat flour1 cup ice water
¼ teaspoon salt

Sift flour and salt, add ice water gradually, and beat three minutes with strong egg beater; bake in hot iron pans in very hot oven twenty minutes.

440.—MARYLAND BEATEN BISCUIT

2 cups flour2 tablespoons shortening
½ teaspoon saltCold water

Sift flour and salt, rub in shortening with tips of fingers, and add enough cold water to make a stiff dough; knead until smooth, and beat with the rolling-pin fifteen minutes, or until dough blisters; roll out about one-third of[Pg 159] an inch thick, cut with a small round cutter, prick with a fork, place on a greased baking pan, and chill in the ice-box for half an hour; bake about twenty-five minutes, having the oven very hot for the first ten minutes. A biscuit brake may be used instead of rolling-pin.

[Pg 160]


CHAPTER XIX

SHORTCAKES AND ROULETTES

441.—SHORTCAKE

1½ cups flour3 tablespoons shortening
3 teaspoons baking powder2/3 cup milk
1/3 teaspoon salt

Mix and sift flour, baking powder, and salt; rub in shortening with finger tips; add milk, and mix well with a knife. Spread in two greased layer-cake pans, patting with the back of a tablespoon until pans are evenly filled. Bake in a hot oven twelve minutes. If individual shortcakes are preferred, roll, cut with a biscuit cutter, and bake quickly about fifteen minutes; split, and put filling between and on top.

442.—APPLE AND CRANBERRY SHORTCAKE

4 apples2 teaspoons cornstarch
½ cup cranberries2 tablespoons sultana raisins
½ cup waterA few gratings of orange peel
½ cup sugar

Core and slice apples, add cranberries and water; cook ten minutes, and press through a sieve; mix sugar and cornstarch, stir into fruit; add raisins and grated rind, and simmer ten minutes; spread between and on top of shortcake, and garnish with a few raisins.[Pg 161]

443.—BANANA SHORTCAKE

Prepare Shortcake (see No. 441), slice two small bananas over layer of hot shortcake, and sprinkle with lemon juice and powdered sugar; put on upper layer, cover with two more sliced bananas, sprinkle with lemon juice and sugar, and garnish with bits of jelly.

444.—DATE AND APPLE SHORTCAKE

½ pound dates1/3 cup sugar
4 tart apples¼ teaspoon nutmeg
½ cup water

Wash and stone dates, and cut in pieces; pare, core, and slice apples; simmer with dates, water, sugar, and nutmeg until thick enough to spread. Spread between and on top of Shortcake (see No. 441).

445.—PRUNE AND APPLE SHORTCAKE

1½ cups prunes2 teaspoons cornstarch
2 apples pared and choppedGrated rind of ½ lemon
1/3 cup sugar

Wash prunes and soak over night in cold water to cover; cook in same water until tender; remove stones and return to water in which they were cooked; add apple, and heat to boiling point; add sugar mixed with cornstarch, and grated rind; cook about ten minutes, or until thick. Prepare recipe for Shortcake (see No. 441), and put sauce between and on top.

446.—STRAWBERRY SHORTCAKE

Prepare Shortcake (see No. 441); hull one box of berries, and save out a few of the largest; mash the remainder,[Pg 162] and add about one-half cup of sugar; pour half of berries over hot shortcake, put on second layer, and cover with remaining berries; garnish with large whole berries, and serve with or without plain cream. Blackberry, Raspberry, Currant, or Blueberry Shortcake may be made in the same way, the amount of sugar necessary depending upon the acidity of the fruit.

447.—ROULETTES

Use recipe for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424), turn on floured board, roll out one-half inch thick, brush with soft butter, and spread with any of the following mixtures; then roll firmly like a jelly roll until dough is about two and one-half inches in diameter; cut in one-half-inch slices with a sharp knife, place on a greased sheet two inches apart, and bake in a hot oven twelve minutes.

Cheese Roulettes: Spread with four tablespoons of grated cheese seasoned with salt and cayenne.

Devilled Ham Roulettes: Spread lightly with devilled ham, or any finely chopped and well-seasoned meat.

Marmalade Roulettes: Spread lightly with any marmalade or jam.

Peanut Butter Roulettes: Spread with peanut butter and dust lightly with salt; sprinkle with salt before baking.

Raisin and Nut Roulettes: Spread with mixture of one-half cup of seeded and chopped raisins and one-fourth cup finely chopped nut meats.

Fruit Roulettes: Spread with currants, chopped citron, figs, dates, prunes, or candied ginger.[Pg 163]


CHAPTER XX

SANDWICHES AND TOASTS

448.—BAKED BEAN AND LETTUCE SANDWICHES

Press cold baked beans through a sieve; spread bread with butter, cover with a lettuce leaf, cover lettuce with beans, and sprinkle beans with chopped mustard pickle. Cover with a second piece of buttered bread. Brown bread or any dark bread may be used.

449.—CELERY AND EGG

1 cup chopped celery¼ cup mayonnaise
1 hard-cooked egg

Put celery and egg through the food chopper, using finest cutter; add mayonnaise, and salt if necessary; spread between thin slices of buttered brown bread.

450.—CHEESE AND NUT SANDWICHES

Mix equal parts of grated American cheese and chopped nut meats; season with salt and cayenne, moisten with cream, and spread between thin buttered slices of bread.

451.—CHEESE CLUB SANDWICHES

Cut bread in half-inch slices, remove crusts, spread with Mustard Butter (see No. 459), cover with a lettuce leaf, spread with salad dressing, cover with cheese cut in thin slices, sprinkle with chopped mixed pickles, and cover[Pg 164] with a second slice of bread spread with mustard butter. Cut in quarters diagonally.

452.—CHICKEN SANDWICHES (Open)

1 cup finely chopped chickenDash of celery salt
½ teaspoon salt¼ cup salad dressing
Dash of cayenne

Season the chicken, add the dressing, and beat well. Butter circles of white bread, and spread with the chicken, mounding it in the center. Garnish with slices of pimolas.

453.—GIBLET SANDWICHES

Cook giblets until tender, put through food chopper, and mix with salad dressing. Spread between thin slices of buttered bread. A lettuce leaf may be added.

454.—HAM AND CHEESE SANDWICH (Hot)

Spread thin buttered slices of stale bread with finely chopped ham; cover with thin slices of American cheese; cover with another slice of bread spread with ham, and sauté in a little butter until brown. These sandwiches may be toasted if preferred.

455.—MARSHMALLOW SANDWICHES

Toast marshmallows and press while hot between ginger snaps, vanilla wafers, or butter thins.

456.—MOCK CRAB SANDWICHES

1 cup young America cheese cut fine1 teaspoon anchovy paste
3 tablespoons milk½ teaspoon paprika

Mix cheese to a paste with milk, anchovy, and paprika; spread between thin buttered slices of brown bread.[Pg 165]

457.—PEANUT SANDWICH FILLING

Put freshly roasted peanuts through the food chopper, using the finest cutter, season with salt, and mix to a smooth paste with cream; or dilute peanut butter with a little milk until of consistency to spread easily.

458.—RAISIN BREAD AND CHEESE SANDWICHES

Cut raisin bread in thin slices, and spread with Cottage Cheese (see No. 234) mixed to a paste with a little fruit juice or cream. Trim neatly and cut in triangles.

459.—MUSTARD BUTTER

¼ cup butterA few drops of vinegar or lemon juice
1 teaspoon dry English mustardA few grains of cayenne

Cream the butter, add the mustard and seasonings, and beat well.

460.—BREWIS

1 cup brown bread crumbled1/8 teaspoon salt
1 cup white bread crumbled1 tablespoon butter
1 cup milk

Put crumbled bread in a shallow pan in a slow oven until browned; put in a saucepan with milk, salt, and butter, and cook about ten minutes, beating well. Serve as cereal or dessert. Left-over corn bread or muffins may be used.

461.—BROWN BREAD TOAST WITH CHEESE AND BACON

Toast brown bread, or crisp in the oven, dip quickly into hot salted water, and arrange on serving dish. Make[Pg 166] a Sauce for Cream Toast (see No. 464), add to it one-half cup of cheese cut fine, pour over toast, and put a piece of crisp bacon on each piece.

462.—CELERY TOAST

2 cups celery cut in half-inch pieces1/3 cup flour
3 cups hot stock or water¼ cup milk
Salt6 slices toast
1/8 teaspoon pepper

Cook celery in stock or water about half an hour, or until tender; add salt (if necessary), pepper, and flour mixed to a paste with the milk; stir until thickened, and simmer fifteen minutes; pour over toast, and garnish with toast points and celery tips. Use the coarser unbleached pieces of celery for cooking.

463.—CREAM TOAST

Cut six slices of bread in halves, toast slowly, or put into a moderate oven until light brown and crisp, dip each piece into Sauce for Cream Toast (see No. 464), and put into a covered serving dish; pour over remaining sauce, and cover for two or three minutes before serving.

464.—SAUCE FOR CREAM TOAST

2 cups milk½ teaspoon salt
3 tablespoons flour1 tablespoon butter
¼ cup cold water

Scald the milk; mix the flour to a smooth paste with water, add to milk and stir until thickened; cook over hot water fifteen minutes, stirring occasionally; add salt and butter, and pour over toast.[Pg 167]

465.—CHEESE TOAST

To recipe for Cream Toast (see No. 463) add one-half cup of either soft cheese cut fine or grated cheese.

466.—CINNAMON TOAST

Cut stale bread into thin slices, remove crusts, and cut in halves; toast evenly, and spread first with butter, then with honey, and dust with cinnamon. Serve very hot.

467.—FRENCH TOAST

1 egg slightly beaten¾ cup milk or coffee
¼ teaspoon salt4 slices bread
1 tablespoon sugar

Mix egg, salt, sugar, and liquid in a shallow dish; soak bread in mixture, and cook on a hot, greased griddle until brown, turning when half cooked. Serve plain or spread with jam.

468.—GOLDENROD HAM TOAST

Follow recipe for Cream Toast (see No. 463); to the sauce add one-half cup finely chopped ham and the finely chopped whites of two hard-cooked eggs. When toast is in the serving dish, sprinkle with the hard-cooked yolks rubbed through a sieve.

469.—SUNDAY TOAST

Cut whole wheat bread into four one-inch slices, remove crusts, butter, and cut bread into three strips; mix one-third cup of brown sugar, one teaspoon of cinnamon, two tablespoons of seeded and chopped raisins, and a tablespoon of milk; spread paste on bread, and bake in a hot oven until brown. Serve hot.[Pg 168]

470.—TOMATO CREAM TOAST WITH EGG

½ can tomato1/3 cup cold water
1/3 teaspoon salt2/3 cup hot milk
1/3 teaspoon soda1 tablespoon butter
1 teaspoon sugar2 hard-cooked eggs
4 tablespoons flour6 slices toast

Simmer tomato for fifteen minutes and press through a sieve; add salt, soda, and sugar; heat to boiling point, and thicken with flour mixed to a smooth paste with cold water; cook five minutes, and add hot milk and butter. Dip toast in sauce, place on platter, cover with remaining sauce, and garnish with egg cut into eighths lengthwise.

471.—TO FRESHEN STALE LOAF BREAD, ROLLS, MUFFINS, OR DOUGHNUTS

Dip quickly into cold water, put in a paper bag, fold top of bag firmly, and place in a hot oven until heated through.

472.—BUTTERED CRUMBS

Melt two tablespoons of butter, stir in one-half cup of coarse, dried bread crumbs until butter is absorbed.

473.—CROUSTADES

Cut stale bread in slices about an inch and a half thick, remove crusts, and cut in rounds, squares, triangles, or any shape desired; remove the centers, using a small, sharp knife, and leaving a wall one-third of an inch thick; brush with melted butter, and brown in oven; or fry, inverted, in hot, deep fat.[Pg 169]

474.—CROUTONS

Cut stale bread in one-third-inch slices, cut slices into cubes, and brown in the oven or fry in deep fat. Cold toast may be used instead of bread.

475.—CRISP STICKS

Cut stale bread in half-inch slices, remove crusts, spread lightly with butter, cut in half-inch sticks, and put in slow oven until light brown and crisp.[Pg 170]


CHAPTER XXI

GRIDDLE CAKES, WAFFLES, AND SIRUPS

476.—PLAIN GRIDDLE CAKES

1½ cups flour1 egg well beaten
3 teaspoons baking powder1 tablespoon melted shortening
½ teaspoon salt½ cup milk
1 tablespoon sugar¾ cup water

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg well beaten, shortening, and liquid; beat well, and cook on a hot griddle. The cakes should be small and should be served very hot with butter and sirup.

477.—SOUR MILK GRIDDLE CAKES

2 cups flour2 teaspoons sugar
½ teaspoon salt2 cups thick sour milk
1 teaspoon soda1 egg well beaten

Mix and sift dry ingredients, add milk and egg, and beat well; cook the same as Plain Griddle Cakes (see No. 476).

478.—CORN MEAL GRIDDLE CAKES

1½ cups corn meal1 egg well beaten
½ cup flour¾ cup milk
4 teaspoons baking powder¾ cup water
¾ teaspoon salt1 tablespoon melted shortening
1 tablespoon molasses

Mix in order given, beat well, and cook on a hot, greased griddle. If all of the batter is not needed at once, cover[Pg 171] what is left, and keep in a cold place; add one-half teaspoon of baking powder, and beat vigorously before using; or half of the recipe may be used and the extra half egg used in some other way.

479.—DRIED CRUMB GRIDDLE CAKES

1 cup dried and sifted bread crumbs2 tablespoons sugar
1 cup flour1 egg
½ teaspoon salt1¼ cups milk
4 teaspoons baking powder

Mix and cook according to directions for Plain Griddle Cakes (see No. 476). Half milk and half water may be used.

480.—RICE GRIDDLE CAKES

1 cup cooked rice2 teaspoons baking powder
1 egg well beaten1 tablespoon sugar
1 cup milk½ teaspoon salt
1 cup flourFew gratings nutmeg

Mix rice and egg thoroughly with a fork, add milk, and dry ingredients mixed and sifted together; beat well, and cook the same as Plain Griddle Cakes (see No. 476).

481.—RAISED BUCKWHEAT CAKES

1 cup boiling water¼ cup lukewarm water
½ teaspoon salt1 cup buckwheat flour
1 tablespoon molasses¼ cup white flour
½ yeast cake½ teaspoon soda

Mix boiling water, salt, and molasses, and when lukewarm add yeast dissolved in lukewarm water; add gradually to flour, and beat well; let rise over night, add soda, beat well, and cook the same as Plain Griddle Cakes (see No. 476).[Pg 172]

482.—WAFFLES

1½ cups flour1 egg well beaten
½ teaspoon salt1 cup milk
3 teaspoons baking powder3 tablespoons melted shortening
1 teaspoon sugar

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg, milk, and shortening, and beat well; cook in a hot, well-greased waffle iron.

483.—CORN MEAL WAFFLES

Follow recipe for Oatmeal Waffles (see No. 484), using one cup of corn meal mush in place of oatmeal.

484.—OATMEAL WAFFLES

1 cup cooked oatmeal2 teaspoons baking powder
Yolks of 2 eggs½ teaspoon salt
1 cup milk1 tablespoon sugar
2 tablespoons melted shorteningWhites of two eggs
1 cup entire wheat flour

Mix oatmeal and yolks of eggs (which have been beaten very light) until there are no lumps in the mixture; add milk, shortening, and dry ingredients sifted together; beat well, and fold in the stiffly beaten whites of eggs. Cook in a hot, well-greased waffle iron.

485.—RICE WAFFLES

To recipe for Waffles (see No. 482) add one-half cup of cooked rice, mixing the rice thoroughly with the beaten egg before adding.

486.—BROWN SUGAR SIRUP

Boil one cup of brown sugar and one-half cup of water until the consistency of thick maple sirup. Serve hot or cold.[Pg 173]

487.—CIDER SIRUP

1½ cups cider1 cup sugar

Heat cider, add sugar, and boil until a thick sirup is formed, skimming when necessary. Serve hot or cold.

488.—LEMON SIRUP

Boil one cup of sugar, one-half cup of water, and one tablespoon of lemon juice until the consistency of thick maple sirup; add one teaspoon of butter, and serve hot.

489.—ORANGE SIRUP

¾ cup orange juiceGrated rind ½ orange
1 cup sugar

Boil orange juice and sugar until mixture has the consistency of thick maple sirup, add rind, and serve hot or cold.[Pg 174]


CHAPTER XXII

CAKES AND COOKIES[11]

490.—APPLE SAUCE CAKE (without Butter, Eggs, or Milk)

1 cup unsweetened apple sauce¼ teaspoon salt
½ cup melted shortening1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 cup sugar½ teaspoon nutmeg
1 teaspoon soda¼ teaspoon clove
2 cups flour1 cup raisins seeded and chopped

Mix in order given, sifting dry ingredients together, beat well, pour into a deep pan, and bake about one hour in a slow oven.

491.—CANADA WAR CAKE (without Butter, Eggs, or Milk)

1 cup brown sugar1 teaspoon cinnamon
¼ cup shortening½ teaspoon mace
1 cup boiling water¼ teaspoon clove
2 cups seeded raisins1 teaspoon soda
½ teaspoon salt2 cups flour

Mix sugar, shortening, water, raisins, and salt; boil five minutes; cool, and add spices, soda, and flour sifted together; beat well; pour into a greased, paper-lined bread pan, and bake in a slow oven one hour.[Pg 175]

492.—DATE CAKE

1/3 cup melted shortening1¾ cups flour
1¼ cups brown sugar3½ teaspoons baking powder
1 egg unbeaten½ teaspoon mace
½ cup milk1 cup dates stoned and chopped

Mix in order given, and beat vigorously for three or four minutes; bake in two layer-cake pans in a moderate oven for twenty-five minutes; when partly cool spread with tart jelly, and sprinkle top layer with powdered sugar.

493.—FUDGE CAKE

¼ cup shortening½ cup milk
1 cup brown sugar1½ cups flour
1 square chocolate3 teaspoons baking powder
1 egg well beaten¼ teaspoon salt

Cream shortening, add sugar, and beat well; add chocolate melted and egg; beat again; add milk; add flour, baking powder, and salt sifted together; beat for two minutes. Pour into two greased layer-cake pans, and bake in a moderate oven about eighteen minutes. Fill, and spread top with Fudge Filling (see No. 533).

494.—OLD-FASHIONED PORK CAKE

½ pound fat salt pork¼ pound citron shredded
1 cup boiling water1 nutmeg grated
1 cup molasses2 teaspoons cinnamon
1 cup sugar½ teaspoon cloves
2 eggs beaten½ teaspoon allspice
½ pound raisins1 teaspoon soda
½ pound currants4 cups flour

Put pork through meat chopper, using finest cutter; add boiling water and let stand fifteen minutes; add molasses, sugar, eggs, and fruit, and mix well; add dry ingredients, which have been sifted together; beat well;[Pg 176] pour into two deep greased and paper-lined pans; and bake in a slow oven two hours. This cake keeps well if stored in a covered stone crock. It may be reheated in the top of double boiler, and served hot with pudding sauce.

495.—ONE-EGG CAKE

2 tablespoons butter1½ cups flour
½ cup sugar2½ teaspoons baking powder
1 eggGrated rind of 1 lemon
½ cup milk

Cream the butter, add the sugar and the well-beaten egg; beat thoroughly, add the other ingredients in the order given, and bake in a moderate oven about half an hour.

496.—ORANGE CAKE

¼ cup shortening1½ cups flour
1 cup sugar2½ teaspoons baking powder
1 eggGrated rind ½ orange
½ cup milk

Cream the shortening, add sugar and egg well beaten; add milk, flour, baking powder, and rind; beat well, and bake in two layer pans about twenty minutes in a moderate oven. Fill and cover top with Orange Icing (see No. 527).

497.—PLAIN CAKE

1/3 cup shortening1-2/3 cups flour
1 cup sugar3 teaspoons baking powder
2 eggsFew grains salt
½ cup milk½ teaspoon lemon extract

Beat shortening and sugar until light and creamy; add eggs well beaten, flour, baking powder, salt, and extract; beat well, pour into a greased and papered cake pan, and bake about half an hour in a moderate oven, or in two[Pg 177] layer-cake pans about twenty minutes. This is an excellent foundation cake for use with various flavorings, icings, and fillings.

498.—SPICE CAKE (without Eggs)

1/3 cup shortening1½ teaspoons cinnamon
1 cup sugar¾ teaspoon nutmeg
1 cup sour milk¼ teaspoon cloves
2 cups flour¼ teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon soda1 cup raisins seeded and chopped

Cream shortening and sugar, add sour milk; add dry ingredients sifted together; beat well; add raisins, pour into a greased shallow pan, and bake half an hour in a moderate oven. Dust with confectioners' sugar or cover with plain icing.

499.—WHITE CAKE

Whites of 2 eggs3 teaspoons baking powder
Melted butter7/8 cup sugar
Milk½ teaspoon almond extract
1½ cups flour

Break the whites of eggs into a measuring cup; add melted butter to half fill cup; add milk to fill cup. Mix and sift flour, baking powder, and sugar; combine mixtures, add flavoring, and beat for five minutes. Bake in a shallow cake pan half an hour, or in muffin tins about twenty minutes, in a moderate oven.

500.—SPONGE CAKE (Hot Water)

Yolks of 2 eggsWhites of 2 eggs
¼ cup hot water1 cup flour
7/8 cup sugar2 teaspoons baking powder
Grated rind 1 lemon¼ teaspoon salt

Beat the yolks of eggs until thick and light, add the water and sugar, and beat three minutes with the egg[Pg 178] beater; add the lemon rind and the whites stiffly beaten; sift flour, baking powder, and salt, and fold in carefully. Pour into a shallow greased pan, and bake in a moderate oven twenty-five minutes.

501.—VELVET SPONGE CAKE

2 eggs½ cup pastry flour
1 cup sugar2 teaspoons baking powder
1/8 teaspoon saltGrated rind 1 lemon
¼ cup potato flour1/3 cup hot milk

Beat eggs until very light, add sugar gradually, and continue beating with the egg beater; mix and sift salt, flour, and baking powder; add half to the eggs and sugar, and beat well; add rest of flour, and beat again; add rind and milk, and beat hard; pour into a deep pan, and bake forty minutes in a slow oven.

502.—CREAM PIE

Follow rule for Jelly Roll Cake (see No. 503); bake in two layers, and fill with Cream Filling (see No. 531).

503.—CAKE FOR JELLY ROLL OR CHARLOTTE RUSSE

2 eggs1 cup flour
1 cup powdered sugar1½ teaspoons baking powder
1/3 cup hot water¼ teaspoon salt

Beat the eggs very light, add sugar gradually, and continue beating; add water, flour, baking powder, and salt. Pour into a greased, paper-lined dripping pan and bake in a moderate oven about fifteen minutes. The cake should be about half an inch thick when baked. Trim off the edges, spread with jam or jelly, and roll firmly; wrap in[Pg 179] a paper napkin to keep in shape. For Charlotte Russe cut cake into pieces to fit paper cases, and fill with Charlotte Russe Mixture (see No. 562).

504.—CHOCOLATE MARSHMALLOW ROLL

To recipe for Jelly Roll (see No. 503) add two squares of melted chocolate. Bake as for jelly roll, trim edges, spread with Marshmallow Filling (see No. 534), and roll the same as jelly roll.

505.—HOT WATER GINGERBREAD (without Egg)

¼ cup shortening1 teaspoon soda
1 cup dark molasses½ teaspoon salt
½ cup boiling water1½ teaspoons ginger
2 cups bread flour½ teaspoon cinnamon

Mix shortening, molasses, and water; add dry ingredients sifted together, and beat well. Pour into greased muffin pans and bake in a moderate oven twenty minutes; or pour into a greased shallow pan and bake twenty-five minutes.

506.—HOT WATER GINGERBREAD (with Egg)

1/3 cup beef drippings2¾ cups flour
2/3 cup boiling water1 teaspoon soda
1 cup dark molasses½ teaspoon salt
1 egg well beaten1½ teaspoons ginger

Pour boiling water over shortening, add molasses and egg; mix and sift dry ingredients, add to first mixture, and beat well. Pour into a shallow, greased cake pan, and bake in a moderate oven twenty-five minutes.[Pg 180]

507.—SOUR MILK GINGERBREAD

2 cups flour1 cup molasses
1½ teaspoons soda1 cup thick sour milk
1 teaspoon ginger1 egg well beaten
¼ teaspoon salt

Mix and sift dry ingredients, add molasses, milk, and egg, and beat well; pour into a greased pan, and bake in a moderate oven twenty-five minutes.

508.—GINGER APPLE CAKE

Follow any recipe for gingerbread, bake in two layers, and put Apple Filling (see No. 529) between layers and on top.

509.—GINGER GEMS

½ cup molasses1½ cups flour
¼ cup brown sugar1 teaspoon soda
¼ cup shortening1 teaspoon ginger
½ cup boiling water½ teaspoon cinnamon
1 beaten egg¼ teaspoon salt

Mix in order given, sifting the dry ingredients together; beat well, pour into greased muffin tins, and bake in a moderate oven twenty minutes.

510.—BRAN DROP COOKIES

1 cup bran¼ teaspoon clove
½ cup flour¼ cup molasses
¼ teaspoon salt¼ cup sugar
¼ teaspoon soda¼ cup melted shortening
½ teaspoon cinnamon¼ cup milk

Mix in order given, drop from tablespoon, two inches apart, on greased pan, and bake in a hot oven twelve minutes.[Pg 181]

511.—CHEESE DROPS

2 tablespoons butter1/8 teaspoon paprika
¼ cup grated cheese1/8 teaspoon mustard
¼ cup dried and sifted crumbsFew grains cayenne
¼ teaspoon saltWhites of 2 eggs

Cream butter and cheese together; mix crumbs with seasonings and add to cheese; fold in the stiffly beaten whites of eggs. Drop from a teaspoon on a greased baking sheet about two inches apart, and bake in a moderate oven about twelve minutes. Serve with soup or salad.

512.—CHEESE WAFERS

1 cup flour1 tablespoon shortening
¼ teaspoon salt½ cup grated cheese
½ teaspoon paprika¼ cup cold water

Mix and sift flour, salt, and paprika; rub in shortening with finger tips; add cheese and mix to a stiff paste with cold water; roll out very thin, cut with a small round cutter, place on a greased baking sheet, and bake in a moderate oven five or six minutes. Serve with salad or soup.

513.—CHOCOLATE COOKIES

2 squares chocolate2 cups flour
½ cup shortening2½ teaspoons baking powder
1 cup brown sugar½ teaspoon salt
1 egg well beaten½ teaspoon cinnamon
¼ cup milk

Put chocolate with shortening in mixing bowl and place over hot water until melted; add other ingredients in order given. Chill, roll thin, and cut with fancy cutter. Bake in a moderate oven about ten minutes.[Pg 182]

514.—GINGER WAFERS

½ cup shortening¼ teaspoon salt
1 cup brown sugar1¼ teaspoons ginger
2¼ cups bread flour½ cup milk
½ teaspoon soda

Cream shortening and sugar; sift soda, salt, and ginger with flour, and add alternately with milk; chill; roll thin on baking sheet; mark in squares, and bake in a moderate oven eight or ten minutes. Remove from pan while warm.

515.—MARSHMALLOW WAFERS

Arrange thin crackers or wafers on a baking sheet, place a marshmallow on each one, and bake in a moderate oven for a few minutes until marshmallows melt; into each one press half a nut meat, raisin, cherry, or a bit of candied fruit.

516.—MOLASSES BROWNIES

1/3 cup shortening1 beaten egg
1/3 cup sugar½ teaspoon baking powder
1/3 cup molasses1 cup flour
2 squares melted chocolate¾ cup chopped nut meats

Cream the shortening, add other ingredients in order given, drop from spoon on greased pan, and bake about twelve minutes in a moderate oven.

517.—OATMEAL MACAROONS

1 egg1 cup rolled oats
½ cup sugar1/3 cup shredded coconut
1 tablespoon melted butter½ teaspoon salt

Beat egg until light, add other ingredients in order given, beat well, and drop from spoon on greased pan; bake about fifteen minutes in a moderate oven.[Pg 183]

518.—PEANUT MACAROONS

White of 1 egg1 cup powdered sugar
1/8 teaspoon salt1 cup finely chopped peanuts

Add salt to the egg, and beat until stiff; add sugar and nuts, and mix well; drop from a teaspoon on a greased baking sheet two inches apart, and bake in a slow oven about fifteen minutes.

519.—RAISIN DROP COOKIES

3 tablespoons shortening1 cup flour
½ cup brown sugar2 teaspoons baking powder
1 egg well beaten1 teaspoon cinnamon
2 tablespoons milk½ cup raisins seeded and chopped

Cream the shortening and sugar; add egg and milk, and beat well; add flour, baking powder, and cinnamon sifted together; add raisins; beat well, drop from a teaspoon two inches apart on a greased baking sheet, and bake in a moderate oven about twelve minutes.

520.—WALNUT WAFERS

2 eggs¼ teaspoon salt
1 cup brown sugar¼ teaspoon baking powder
½ cup flour¾ cup chopped nut meats
¼ teaspoon cinnamon

Beat eggs until light; add sugar, and beat well; add dry ingredients sifted together; beat well, add nuts, pour into a greased dripping pan, and bake in a moderate oven about ten minutes. Cut in squares while hot. Mixture may be baked in tiny scalloped tins if preferred.

[Pg 184]


CHAPTER XXIII

ICINGS AND FILLINGS

521.—BOILED ICING[12]

1/3 cup boiling waterWhite of 1 egg
1 cup sugar1 teaspoon vanilla
1/8 teaspoon cream of tartar

Boil water and sugar to 240° F., or until the sirup forms soft ball when tried in cold water; add cream of tartar and vanilla, and pour slowly upon the stiffly beaten white of egg, beating constantly until thick enough to spread without running. For caramel flavor melt one-third of the sugar first.

522.—CARAMEL ICING

1 cup brown sugar1 teaspoon butter
1/3 cup milkFew grains salt

Put ingredients in saucepan, and boil to 240° F., or until a soft ball can be formed when tested in cold water. Beat until creamy, and spread while warm. Chopped nut meats may be added.

523.—CHOCOLATE ICING

2 squares chocolateConfectioners' sugar
¼ cup boiling water½ teaspoon vanilla

Melt chocolate, add boiling water, and mix well; add confectioners' sugar until of right consistency to spread; add vanilla and beat well. Coffee may be used in place of water.[Pg 185]

524.—COCOA ICING

1 tablespoon butter2 tablespoons cocoa
2 tablespoons milkConfectioners' sugar

Heat butter and milk in a saucepan, remove from fire, add cocoa, and enough confectioners' sugar to thicken. About one cup of sugar will be required.

525.—COFFEE ICING

Follow directions for Boiled Icing (see No. 521), using strong coffee in place of water. Or to recipe for Quick Icing (see No. 528) or Cream Icing (see No. 526) add one teaspoon of instantaneous coffee.

526.—CREAM ICING

1¼ cups confectioners' sugar¼ teaspoon vanilla
Heavy cream

Sift sugar and add cream until of right consistency to spread (about two tablespoons); add flavoring, and beat well.

527.—ORANGE ICING

Juice of ½ orangeConfectioners' sugar
Grated rind of ¼ orange

Mix sugar with orange juice and rind until icing is firm enough to spread.

528.—QUICK ICING

1 tablespoon butterConfectioners' sugar
2 tablespoons boiling water¼ teaspoon flavoring

Pour boiling water over butter; stir in sugar enough to thicken; add extract, and beat well before spreading. (A little more than one cup of sugar will usually be required.)[Pg 186]

529.—APPLE FILLING

3 baked apples1 cup confectioners' sugar
White of 1 egg

Press apples through a sieve; beat white of egg until stiff; add half of sugar, and beat well; add apple and remaining sugar gradually, and beat until very light. Spread between layers and on top of cake. Two tablespoons of tart jelly may be beaten with the apple.

530.—COFFEE CREAM FILLING

Follow recipe for Cream Filling (see No. 531), but use one-half cup strong coffee in place of one-half cup of milk. Or add one teaspoon of instantaneous coffee to the recipe.

531.—CREAM FILLING

1½ cups milk1/8 teaspoon salt
1 cup sugar1 egg slightly beaten
¼ cup cornstarch1 teaspoon flavoring

Scald milk, mix sugar, cornstarch, salt, and egg; add to milk, and cook over hot water, stirring constantly until mixture thickens; cook fifteen minutes, stirring occasionally. Cool and flavor before spreading.

532.—DATE AND FIG FILLING

1 cup figs½ cup boiling water
1 cup datesJuice ½ lemon
½ cup sugar

Wash, dry, and chop figs; wash, dry, stone, and chop dates; mix fruit with sugar, water, and lemon juice, and cook over hot water until thick enough to spread.[Pg 187]

533.—FUDGE FILLING

1½ cups brown sugar1/3 cup milk
1 tablespoon butterFew grains salt
1 square chocolate½ cup nut meats chopped

Put sugar, butter, chocolate, milk, and salt in a saucepan; heat slowly to boiling point, and boil to 240° F., or until a soft ball can be formed when tested in cold water; remove from fire, add nuts, and beat until smooth and creamy.

534.—MARSHMALLOW FILLING

1 cup sugar½ pound marshmallows
1/3 cup boiling water1 teaspoon vanilla

Boil sugar and water to 240° F., or until a soft ball can be formed when tested in cold water; soften marshmallows over hot water, add sirup, and when partly cooled add vanilla and beat until stiff enough to spread. Chopped nuts, dates, figs, raisins, or candied fruits may be added.

535.—MOCHA FILLING

2 tablespoons hot black coffee½ teaspoon vanilla
1 tablespoon butter1 cup confectioners' sugar
2 tablespoons cocoa

Mix coffee, butter, cocoa, and vanilla, and add sugar enough for mixture to spread without running.

536.—ORANGE FILLING

½ cup sugar½ cup orange juice
3 tablespoons flour1 beaten egg
Grated rind ½ orange1 teaspoon butter

Mix sugar, flour, and rind in the top of double boiler, add orange juice, egg, and butter, and cook over hot water for twelve minutes, stirring often.[Pg 188]

537.—PRUNE FILLING

To recipe for Boiled Icing (see No. 521) add two-thirds of a cup of cooked prunes which have been stoned and cut in small pieces, and the chopped meats from six of the prune stones. Spread between layers of cake.

[Pg 189]


CHAPTER XXIV

HOT DESSERTS

538.—APPLE ROULETTES

Use recipe for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424); roll dough very thin, brush with melted butter, and spread with one cup of chopped apple, mixed with one-fourth cup of sugar, and one teaspoon of cinnamon; roll firmly like a jelly roll, cut in three-fourths-inch slices, place in buttered pan, and bake in a hot oven fifteen minutes. Serve with hot liquid sauce.

539.—DUTCH APPLE CAKE

1½ cups flour½ cup milk
3 teaspoons baking powder2 tablespoons melted shortening
½ teaspoon salt3 apples
3 tablespoons sugar2 tablespoons sugar
1 egg¼ teaspoon cinnamon

Sift together flour, baking powder, salt, and sugar; add egg well beaten, milk, and shortening; beat well, and spread in a greased pan, having mixture about an inch deep; core, pare, and quarter apples, cut in thick slices, and arrange in rows on top of cake; sprinkle with sugar and cinnamon, and bake in hot oven half an hour. Serve with liquid sauce.[Pg 190]

540.—STEAMED APPLE PUDDING

6 apples3 teaspoons baking powder
½ cup sugar½ teaspoon salt
½ teaspoon nutmeg2 tablespoons shortening
1½ cups flour¾ cup milk

Pare, core, and slice apples; place in a greased pudding dish, and sprinkle with sugar and nutmeg mixed. Sift flour, baking powder, and salt; rub in shortening with finger tips, and mix with milk; spread over apples, and steam for one hour. Turn out of dish, and serve with apples on top. Serve with Soft Sauce (see No. 617).

541.—BANANA TOAST

Mash and sweeten bananas, heap on rounds of buttered toast, and heat in oven. Serve hot with cream or rich milk. Garnish with split cherries, nuts, or bits of jelly.

542.—BLACKBERRY PUDDING

Add one cup of blackberries to recipe for Cottage Pudding (see No. 549) and serve with Blackberry Sauce (see No. 618).

543.—BLUEBERRY PUDDING

To recipe for Cottage Pudding (see No. 549) add one cup of blueberries.

544.—BROWN BETTY

2 cups soft bread crumbs¼ teaspoon clove
4 tablespoons butter¼ teaspoon nutmeg
4 apples2 tablespoons molasses
1/3 cup brown sugar2 tablespoons hot water
½ teaspoon cinnamon¼ teaspoon salt

Mix crumbs with melted butter; pare, core, and slice apples; mix sugar and spices; arrange crumbs and apple[Pg 191] in layers in a greased baking dish, sprinkle each layer with sugar; mix molasses, water, and salt, and pour over all. Bake slowly for an hour and a half.

545.—BAKED CRANBERRY PUDDING

2 cups soft bread crumbs1 cup sugar
¼ cup butter½ cup sultana raisins
1 cup chopped cranberries¼ cup boiling water

Mix crumbs with melted butter; add cranberries, sugar, and raisins, and put into a greased baking dish; add water, and bake in a slow oven one hour. Serve with Soft Sauce (see No. 617).

546.—BAKED INDIAN PUDDING

2 cups boiling water3 cups hot milk
1 teaspoon salt¼ cup molasses
5 tablespoons fine corn meal½ teaspoon ginger

Add salt to boiling water, sift in corn meal very slowly, and boil ten minutes, stirring often; add milk, molasses, and ginger, pour into a greased earthen dish, and bake very slowly for three hours. Serve with rich milk, cream, or Ginger Sauce (see No. 611).

547.—CARAMEL TOAST PUDDING

¾ cup sugar¼ teaspoon salt
2 slices toast½ teaspoon nutmeg
2 cups hot milk1 egg
1 tablespoon butter

Caramelize sugar; cut each slice of toast in quarters, dip in caramel, and arrange in baking dish; add milk to caramel remaining in pan, and stir until dissolved;[Pg 192] add butter, salt, nutmeg, and egg slightly beaten; pour over toast, and bake in slow oven about half an hour. Serve with cream, rich milk, or liquid sauce.

548.—STEAMED CHOCOLATE PUDDING

½ cup sugar1 cup flour
1 tablespoon melted butter1½ teaspoons baking powder
1 beaten egg½ teaspoon cinnamon
½ cup milk1 square melted chocolate
1/8 teaspoon salt

Mix in order given, put in pudding mold, cover closely, and steam one hour. Serve with cream or Soft Sauce (see No. 617).

549.—COTTAGE PUDDING

¼ cup shortening2 cups flour
½ cup sugar4 teaspoons baking powder
1 egg¼ teaspoon salt
¾ cup milk

Cream the butter; add the sugar and the well-beaten egg, and beat well; add the milk and then the flour, baking powder, and salt, which have been sifted together; beat again, and bake in hot oven in pudding dish about half an hour, or in individual tins about twenty minutes. Serve with hot liquid sauce.

550.—STEAMED FIG PUDDING

½ cup shortening1 teaspoon cinnamon
½ cup sugar½ teaspoon nutmeg
1 egg well beaten½ teaspoon salt
1 cup milk1 pound figs chopped
½ cup molasses¼ cup currants
2½ cups flour½ cup flour
5 teaspoons baking powder

Mix shortening and sugar, and beat until creamy; add egg, milk, and molasses, add two and a half cups of flour[Pg 193] sifted with baking powder, spices, and salt; beat well; add figs and currants mixed with one-half cup of flour. Pour into a greased mold, and steam three hours, or pour into greased one-pound baking powder boxes, and steam an hour and three-quarters. Serve with Cranberry Sauce (see No. 606) or Currant Jelly Sauce (see No. 608). This pudding keeps well and can be reheated in the top of the double boiler.

551.—STEAMED FRUIT PUDDING

1 egg well beaten½ teaspoon salt
1 cup molasses1 teaspoon cinnamon
½ cup water¼ teaspoon clove
2 tablespoons melted shortening½ teaspoon mace
1½ cups flour¾ cup raisins seeded and chopped
½ teaspoon soda¼ cup currants

Mix egg, molasses, water, and shortening; add dry ingredients sifted together; add fruit; mix well, pour into greased one-pound baking powder boxes, and steam an hour and three-quarters. Serve with a tart sauce. One cup of dates, stoned and cut in pieces, may be used instead of raisins and currants.

552.—MOCK INDIAN PUDDING

2 slices bread buttered1/3 cup sugar
2 cups milk¼ teaspoon cinnamon
½ cup molasses¼ teaspoon salt

Butter two slices bread cut three-quarters of an inch thick, put into buttered baking dish, and pour over the bread the rest of the ingredients mixed together. Bake one and a half hours in a slow oven.[Pg 194]

553.—INDIAN TAPIOCA PUDDING

1/3 cup pearl tapioca½ cup molasses
2 cups boiling water1 tablespoon butter
1½ teaspoons salt¼ teaspoon cinnamon
¼ cup corn meal3 cups hot milk

Soak tapioca in cold water for one hour, and drain; add salt to boiling water, sift in corn meal, and boil ten minutes, stirring often; add tapioca and other ingredients, pour into a greased earthen dish, and bake slowly for two hours.

554.—PEACH DUMPLINGS

Cover halves of preserved peaches with Shortcake Dough (see No. 441) rolled thin; bake in hot oven, and serve with hot peach sirup and hard sauce.

555.—BAKED RICE CUSTARD

1 cup cooked ricePinch of salt
2 eggs1½ cups milk
1/3 cup sugar½ teaspoon lemon extract

Mix in order given and bake about twenty minutes in a moderate oven. Serve hot or cold with cream or rich milk.

556.—BAKED RICE PUDDING

½ cup rice½ teaspoon salt
2 cups milk½ nutmeg grated
2 cups boiling water1 cup raisins seeded and chopped
¼ cup sugar

Wash rice, mix with other ingredients, pour into a greased baking dish, and bake slowly for three hours. Stir occasionally during first hour of baking to prevent[Pg 195] rice and fruit from settling. Serve with rich milk or cream.

557.—MULLED RICE

½ cup rice¼ teaspoon salt
2 cups hot milk1 egg
1 tablespoon butter½ teaspoon nutmeg
2 tablespoons sugar2 tablespoons grape juice

Wash rice, and cook with milk, butter, sugar, and salt in double boiler until tender; beat egg, add nutmeg and grape juice, stir into rice, and cook five minutes. Serve with cream or rich milk.[Pg 196]


CHAPTER XXV

COLD DESSERTS

558.—BANANA ROYAL

4 bananas¼ cup powdered sugar
¼ cup currant jelly4 slices of French Toast (see No. 467) or stale sponge cake

Force bananas and jelly through potato ricer or a sieve, add sugar, and heap on French toast or sponge cake. Or line individual glasses with lady fingers and fill with banana mixture.

559.—BANANA WHIP

4 bananas4 tablespoons powdered sugar
4 tablespoons grape juice or jellyWhites of 2 eggs

Peel and scrape bananas, force through a sieve; add grape juice, sugar, and stiffly beaten whites of eggs; pile lightly in individual glass dishes, garnish with bits of jelly, and serve at once. All materials should be very cold.

560.—BANANA AND GRAPE JUICE JELLY

½ box gelatine¼ cup strained lemon juice
½ cup grape juice¾ cup sugar
2½ cups boiling water2 large bananas

Soak gelatine in grape juice five minutes; dissolve in boiling water, add lemon juice and sugar. When jelly begins to stiffen, beat with egg beater, and add the bananas pressed through a sieve.[Pg 197]

561.—BLACKBERRY MOLD

1 quart blackberries2 cups water
½ cup sugar¾ cup farina
¼ teaspoon salt

Heat berries, sugar, salt, and water, and when boiling add farina slowly. Cook over hot water half an hour, turn into a mold, and serve cold with cream. Blueberries, either fresh or canned, may be used in place of blackberries.

562.—CHARLOTTE RUSSE FILLING

1½ cups thin cream¼ cup hot milk
1½ teaspoons gelatine3 tablespoons powdered sugar
2 tablespoons cold milk½ teaspoon vanilla

Whip the cream with a whip churn; skim off the froth as it rises, and place in a fine sieve to drain; soak gelatine in cold milk, dissolve in hot milk, add sugar and flavoring. Stir occasionally until mixture begins to stiffen; then fold in the whip from the cream.

563.—CHOCOLATE BLANCMANGE

2 cups hot milk¼ cup sugar
4 tablespoons cornstarch1½ squares chocolate melted
¼ teaspoon saltWhites 2 eggs
¼ teaspoon cinnamon

Scald milk; mix cornstarch, salt, cinnamon, and sugar; add slowly to milk, and cook over hot water until thickened, stirring constantly; add chocolate and cook for fifteen minutes, stirring occasionally; fold in the stiffly beaten whites of eggs, and turn into individual molds to chill.[Pg 198]

564.—COCONUT AND ORANGE JELLY

½ box gelatine1/3 cup sugar
½ cup cold water1 can coconut
1 cup hot milkCold milk
¼ cup orange marmalade

Soak gelatine in cold water for five minutes; dissolve in hot milk; add marmalade and sugar; drain one can of coconut, and add to coconut milk enough cold milk to make one and a half cups; mix with jelly, add coconut, and pour into a mold to chill.

565.—COFFEE CARAMEL CUSTARDS

½ cup sugar2 eggs
1 cup milkFew grains salt
1 cup strong coffee

Put sugar in smooth saucepan, and stir over fire until a light-colored caramel is formed. (Avoid burning.) Heat milk and coffee, add to caramel, and keep over hot water until caramel is dissolved; add eggs slightly beaten and salt; strain into cups, and bake in slow oven until firm.

566.—COFFEE JUNKET

2 cups lukewarm milkFew grains salt
¼ cup sugar½ junket tablet
1 teaspoon instantaneous coffee1 teaspoon cold water

Mix milk, sugar, coffee, and salt; stir until sugar is dissolved; dissolve junket tablet in cold water, add to milk, and pour into glasses. If milk is overheated junket will not be firm.[Pg 199]

567.—CRANBERRY WHIP

Follow recipe for Prune Whip (see No. 574), using one cup of strained cranberry sauce instead of prunes.

568.—SOFT CUSTARD

2 cups milkFew grains salt
Yolks of 2 eggs1 teaspoon cornstarch
¼ cup sugar½ teaspoon vanilla

Scald the milk; mix sugar, salt, and cornstarch, add to beaten egg yolks, and stir into the hot milk; cook over hot water ten minutes, stirring constantly until thickened; beat with egg beater; strain, cool, and add vanilla. To vary the flavor, the sugar may be caramelized, or other extracts may be used. Serve in glasses with a meringue made of the whites of eggs beaten stiff and sweetened with two tablespoons of sugar. Garnish with dots of red jelly.

569.—COFFEE AND RICE JELLY

½ box gelatine1 cup milk
½ cup cold coffee¾ cup sugar
2 cups hot strong coffee1 cup cooked rice

Soak gelatine in cold coffee five minutes; add hot coffee and stir until dissolved; add milk and sugar; chill, and, when beginning to stiffen, beat with egg beater, add rice, and turn into a mold.

570.—FRUIT CREAM

2 bananas1 tablespoon granulated gelatine
1 orange¼ cup boiling water
½ lemon1 cup cream whipped
1/3 cup powdered sugar

Press bananas through a sieve; add juice and pulp of orange, juice of lemon, sugar, and gelatine which has[Pg 200] been dissolved in hot water. Stir over ice water until mixture begins to stiffen, then fold in the cream. Put in mold and chill.

571.—SPICED FRUIT JELLY

6 apples1 tablespoon gelatine
½ cup cranberries¼ cup cold water
¾ cup boiling water½ teaspoon cinnamon
1 cup sugar¼ teaspoon clove

Core and slice apples, and cook with cranberries and boiling water fifteen minutes; press through a sieve, add sugar, gelatine dissolved in cold water, and spice. Stir until sugar is dissolved, pour into a mold, and put in a cool place until firm.

572.—FRUIT WHIP (Uncooked)

4 tart apples grated2 tablespoons fruit jelly
4 figs choppedWhites of 2 eggs
8 dates stoned and chopped

Mix fruit; mash jelly with a fork; add to fruit, and fold in the stiffly beaten whites of eggs. Serve in glasses, and garnish with bits of jelly.

573.—PINEAPPLE PUDDING

Follow recipe for Chocolate Blancmange (see No. 563), omitting chocolate and cinnamon, and adding one-half can of grated pineapple.

574.—PRUNE WHIP

Press cooked and stoned prunes through a sieve; to one cup of prune pulp add two tablespoons of sugar; beat the[Pg 201] whites of two eggs very stiff; add prune mixture gradually, and beat well with a strong egg beater; when light turn into a small greased baking dish or into four individual dishes, and bake in a slow oven about twenty minutes, or until firm. Serve plain or with a custard sauce made from the yolks of the eggs.

575.—PRUNE AND WHEAT MOLD

1 cup prunes¼ teaspoon salt
Boiling water½ cup Cream of Wheat

Wash prunes, soak over night; cook in same water until tender, and remove the stones; measure prunes and juice, and add boiling water to make one quart; add salt; slowly sift in wheat, and cook over hot water for half an hour, stirring often at first; turn into a mold to cool.

576.—JELLIED PRUNES AND CRANBERRIES

1 cup prunes1 cup sugar
Boiling water½ box gelatine
1 cup cranberries chopped½ cup cold water

Wash prunes, and soak over night in water to cover; cook until soft in same water; drain, measure juice, and add enough boiling water to make three cups; put cranberries in a colander and rinse off the seeds with running water; drain, and add to water; add sugar, and cook ten minutes; add the gelatine soaked in cold water; stone the prunes, cut in quarters, and add to cranberries; turn into a mold, and chill.[Pg 202]

577.—RICE MOLD

1 cup riceGrated rind of ½ orange
2 quarts boiling water¾ cup powdered sugar
1 tablespoon salt2 tablespoons grape juice
Juice of 1 orange

Cook rice in boiling salted water until tender; drain; mix with orange, sugar, and grape juice; press into a mold, and chill; turn out of mold, and serve with cream.

578.—SEA MOSS BLANCMANGE

¼ cup sea moss¼ teaspoon salt
1 quart milk1 teaspoon vanilla
¼ cup sugar

Soak moss in lukewarm water for ten minutes; lift carefully from the water so as not to disturb any sand which may have settled; rinse moss, drain well, add to hot milk, and cook in double boiler for half an hour. Strain through a fine sieve, add sugar, salt, and vanilla, and turn into a mold until firm. Serve with crushed berries, sliced bananas, or stewed fruit.[Pg 203]


CHAPTER XXVI

FROZEN DESSERTS

579.—TO FREEZE ICES

Use one measure of freezing salt to three measures of finely cracked ice for ice cream, sherbet, and all mixtures which are to be churned. Freeze slowly, remove dasher, pack solidly, add fresh salt and ice, and let stand for an hour before serving. To freeze mousse, bombe, and all unchurned mixtures, pack in equal parts of salt and ice, and let stand three hours.

580.—FROZEN CUSTARD

1 quart milk2 teaspoons cornstarch
2 eggs1 tablespoon vanilla
1 cup sugarFew grains salt

Scald milk; beat eggs slightly, add sugar mixed with cornstarch, and stir into milk; cook over hot water for twelve minutes, stirring constantly at first. Cool, add vanilla and salt, and freeze. Part cream may be used to advantage, or one can of evaporated milk with enough fresh milk added to make one quart.

581.—CHOCOLATE ICE CREAM

Follow recipe for Vanilla Ice Cream (see No. 589), adding two and a half squares of chocolate to the custard before cooking.[Pg 204]

582.—COCOA ICE CREAM

1 pint milk1 teaspoon cornstarch
2 inches stick cinnamon1 egg beaten
1 cup sugar1 pint cream
½ cup cocoa1 teaspoon vanilla
Few grains salt

Scald milk with cinnamon; mix sugar, cocoa, salt, cornstarch, and egg, and cook with milk until slightly thickened; cool, remove cinnamon, add cream and vanilla, and freeze.

583.—COFFEE ICE CREAM

1 can evaporated milk½ cup sugar
1 cup boiling water2 teaspoons instantaneous coffee

Add boiling water to milk, and cool; add sugar and flavoring, and freeze. Serve in glasses and garnish with whipped cream.

584.—MINT ICE CREAM

1 quart thin creamWhite of 1 egg
½ pound mint stick candy

Put half of cream in double boiler with candy, and heat until candy is dissolved. Cool, add the remainder of cream whipped, and the white of egg beaten stiff; freeze; and serve in glasses garnished with small green mint candies.

585.—ORANGE VELVET CREAM

1 cup sugar1 cup orange juice
1 cup waterJuice of 1 lemon
Whites of 2 eggs1 pint cream whipped

Boil sugar and water until it threads; cool slightly and add gradually to the stiffly beaten whites of eggs, beating[Pg 205] steadily for three minutes; add fruit juice, and when cool fold in cream. Freeze, and serve in glasses garnished with candied orange peel and a few mint leaves.

586.—PHILADELPHIA ICE CREAM

1 quart thin creamFew grains salt
¾ cup sugar1 tablespoon flavoring

Mix and freeze.

587.—PRUNE ICE CREAM

1½ cups hot milk1 cup cream
2 eggs slightly beaten2 cups cooked prunes
½ cup brown sugar

Cook milk, eggs, and sugar over hot water until thickened, stirring constantly; when cool add cream, prunes stoned and pressed through a sieve, and freeze. Undiluted, unsweetened, evaporated milk may be used in place of cream.

588.—STRAWBERRY ICE CREAM

1 quart strawberries1 quart thin cream
1½ cups sugar

Mash strawberries, add sugar, let stand an hour, and press through a sieve; add cream, and freeze.

589.—VANILLA ICE CREAM

1 pint milkFew grains salt
1 cup sugar1 pint cream
2 eggs1 tablespoon vanilla

Scald milk, add sugar, salt, and eggs slightly beaten; cook over hot water until mixture coats spoon; cool; add cream and vanilla, and freeze.[Pg 206]

590.—CANTON GINGER SHERBET

½ cup Canton gingerJuice of 1 orange
1 cup sugarJuice of ½ lemon
3½ cups boiling waterWhite of 1 egg

Put ginger through the food chopper, using finest cutter; add sugar and water, and boil fifteen minutes; add fruit juice; cool, and freeze. When nearly frozen, add the stiffly beaten white of egg.

591.—CIDER FRAPPÉ

1 quart sweet ciderJuice of 3 oranges
1 cup sugarJuice of 1 lemon

Mix cider, sugar, and strained fruit juice; freeze to a mush, and serve in frappé glasses with the roast.

592.—CRANBERRY AND RAISIN SHERBET

3 cups cranberries1½ cups sugar
1 cup seeded raisinsWhite of 1 egg
1½ cups water

Cook cranberries, raisins, and water ten minutes; press through a sieve, add sugar, and freeze; when nearly frozen add the stiffly beaten white of egg, and continue freezing until stiff and smooth.

593.—FRUIT SHERBET

1 cup sugarJuice of 1 orange
1 cup waterJuice of 1 lemon
1 teaspoon gelatine¾ cup grated pineapple
2 tablespoons cold water1 banana peeled and mashed

Boil sugar and water five minutes, add gelatine soaked in cold water, and stir until dissolved; add fruit; cool, and freeze.[Pg 207]

594.—GRAPE BOMBE

Line a mold with Grape Sherbet (see No. 595), fill with Charlotte Russe Filling (see No. 562) to within one inch of top, cover with sherbet, and pack in salt and ice for three hours.

595.—GRAPE SHERBET

1 cup sugar2 tablespoons water
1 cup water1 cup grape juice
1 teaspoon gelatineJuice of 1 lemon

Boil sugar and water five minutes; soak gelatine in cold water five minutes and add to sirup; add fruit juice, cool, and freeze. Serve in glasses with or without whipped cream garnish.

596.—JELLY SHERBET

1 teaspoon gelatine1½ cups boiling water
½ cup cold waterWhite of 1 egg
2 glasses jelly

Put gelatine and cold water in the top of double boiler; let stand five minutes; add jelly and boiling water, and stir until jelly is dissolved; when cool, freeze; when nearly frozen add the stiffly beaten white of egg. This is economical if home made jelly can be used.

597.—PINEAPPLE SHERBET

2/3 cup sugarJuice of 1 lemon
2 cups boiling waterWhite of 1 egg
½ can grated pineapple

Boil sugar and water for fifteen minutes, add pineapple, and lemon juice; when cool, freeze; when nearly frozen add the stiffly beaten white of egg, and finish freezing.[Pg 208]

598.—SOMERSET SHERBET

1 banana1 cup sugar
½ can apricots, or1 teaspoon gelatine
1½ cups stewed dried apricots¼ cup cold water
1 lemon1 cup boiling water
1 orange

Press banana and apricots, with their juice, through a sieve; add juice of lemon and orange, and sugar; soak gelatine in cold water, dissolve in boiling water, add to fruit, cool, and freeze.

599.—STRAWBERRY SHERBET

2 cups water1 box strawberries
1 cup sugarWhite of 1 egg

Boil sugar and water five minutes; mash berries, add to sirup, cool, and freeze; when nearly frozen add the stiffly beaten white of egg. If preferred, strain before freezing.

600.—FROZEN WATERMELON

Scoop out the inside of a watermelon with a large spoon; put in the freezer without the dasher, sprinkle with powdered sugar and lemon juice, and pack in equal parts of salt and ice for three hours.[Pg 209]


CHAPTER XXVII

SAUCES FOR DESSERTS

601.—CARAMEL SAUCE

Melt one cup of sugar in a smooth, clean saucepan, add three-fourths cup of boiling water, and simmer fifteen minutes. Take care that sugar does not burn. Strong coffee may be used instead of water, and, if desired, one-half cup of chopped nut meats may be added.

602.—CHOCOLATE SAUCE (Hot)

¾ cup sugar2 teaspoons boiling water
1/3 cup boiling water1 teaspoon butter
1/8 teaspoon salt½ teaspoon vanilla
1 square chocolate

Cook sugar, one-third cup water, salt, and chocolate until sirup threads; remove from fire, add two teaspoons water, butter, and vanilla.

603.—CHOCOLATE MARSHMALLOW SAUCE

1 square chocolate¼ cup sugar
½ tablespoon butter1 cup boiling water
1 tablespoon flour8 marshmallows cut in pieces
Few grains salt½ teaspoon vanilla

Melt chocolate; add butter, flour, salt, sugar, and mix well; add water and boil two minutes; add marshmallows and beat well; add vanilla and serve hot. One tablespoon of shredded almonds may be added; or the marshmallows may be omitted and two tablespoons each of chopped nuts and raisins added.[Pg 210]

604.—CINNAMON SAUCE

Use recipe for Lemon Sauce (see No. 613); but omit the lemon flavoring, and add one teaspoon cinnamon and one tablespoon of molasses.

605.—COFFEE SAUCE (Evaporated Milk)

1 cup evaporated milk1 teaspoon soluble coffee, or
¼ cup sugar2 tablespoons clear black coffee

Place milk on ice for a few hours; beat with a rotary egg beater until stiff, add sugar and flavoring.

606.—CRANBERRY SAUCE (Pudding)

¼ cup butter2 tablespoons boiling water
1 cup powdered sugar½ cup strained cranberry sauce

Cream butter, add sugar and water gradually and alternately; beat well, and add cranberry sauce. The stiffly beaten white of one egg may be added. Serve with cottage or steamed puddings.

607.—CUSTARD SAUCE

Make the same as Soft Custard (see No. 568).

608.—CURRANT JELLY SAUCE (Pudding)

1 tablespoon cornstarch2 tablespoons currant jelly
¼ cup sugar1 teaspoon butter
1 cup boiling waterJuice of ½ lemon

Mix cornstarch and sugar in a saucepan, add water gradually, when thickened add jelly, simmer ten minutes; add butter and lemon juice just before serving.[Pg 211]

609.—DATE SAUCE

To Lemon Sauce (see No. 613) add eight dates, which have been washed, stoned, and cut in small pieces. Serve with Cottage Pudding (see No. 549).

610.—FRUIT SAUCE

Heat one cup of sirup of preserved or canned fruit, thicken with one teaspoon of cornstarch moistened with one tablespoon of cold water, and cook ten minutes; add a few grains of salt, a teaspoon of butter, a few drops of red coloring, and serve hot.

611.—GINGER SAUCE

½ cup sugar2 tablespoons water
¼ cup molasses2 tablespoons vinegar
1 teaspoon butter½ tablespoon ginger

Mix in order given, boil for five minutes, and serve hot with Indian Pudding (see No. 553) or Steamed Fruit Pudding (see No. 551).

612.—HARD SAUCE

¼ cup butter1 teaspoon vanilla, or
1 cup powdered sugar¼ teaspoon nutmeg
1 teaspoon milk

Cream butter, add sugar and milk gradually, and beat until very light; add flavoring, and chill before serving.

613.—LEMON SAUCE

¾ cup sugar1 teaspoon butter
2 teaspoons cornstarchJuice and rind of ½ lemon, or
1/8 teaspoon salt½ teaspoon lemon extract
1½ cups hot water

Mix sugar, cornstarch, and salt; add hot water, stir constantly until boiling point is reached, and simmer ten[Pg 212] minutes; add butter and flavoring. One teaspoon of vanilla or one-half nutmeg grated may be used instead of lemon.

614.—MARSHMALLOW SAUCE

1 cup sugar1 cup marshmallows
½ cup boiling water½ teaspoon vanilla

Boil sugar and water five minutes, add marshmallows, beat until they are melted, and add vanilla. Beat well before serving. Serve hot or cold.

615.—MOCHA SAUCE

¼ cup butter or Crisco1 teaspoon powdered soluble coffee
1 cup powdered sugar1 tablespoon cocoa
2 tablespoons milk

Cream shortening, add sugar and milk gradually, and beat until light; add coffee and cocoa, and blend well.

616.—ORANGE MARMALADE SAUCE

½ cup orange marmalade½ cup boiling water
½ tablespoon butter

Mix and serve hot with Cottage Pudding (see No. 549), steamed puddings, or griddle cakes.

617.—SOFT SAUCE

To Hard Sauce (see No. 612) add two tablespoons of hot milk, a few drops at a time; beat well, and do not chill.

618.—STRAWBERRY SAUCE

2 tablespoons butter2 tablespoons boiling water
¾ cup powdered sugar1 cup crushed strawberries

Cream butter, add half of sugar gradually; add remaining half of sugar alternately with the water; beat well, and add strawberries. Blackberries or raspberries may be used instead of strawberries.[Pg 213]


CHAPTER XXVIII

PASTRIES

619.—PLAIN PASTE

1½ cups flour¼ cup shortening
¼ teaspoon salt1/3 cup ice water
¼ teaspoon baking powder¼ cup butter

Sift flour, salt, and baking powder; rub in shortening with finger tips until mixture is like fine meal; add water gradually until a soft but not sticky dough is formed, mixing with a knife; when dough is mixed, the side of the bowl should be clean, neither sticky nor dry with flour. Slightly more or less water may be needed. Roll paste, on a lightly floured board, into an even rectangular shape; divide butter into three parts; cover two-thirds of paste with dots of butter, using one part; fold first the unbuttered third, then the remaining third, so that there will be three layers of paste with butter between; roll out again, dot with butter as before, and fold; repeat for third time. Put paste on ice until thoroughly chilled. Any good shortening may be used in place of butter, but the butter flavor will be lacking. This is enough for one pie with two crusts; double the amount of paste can be made with the same amount of labor. It keeps well if wrapped in cheesecloth and put in a cool place.

620.—RICH PASTE

3 cups flour1¼ cups shortening
1 teaspoon sugar1 tablespoon lemon juice
½ teaspoon saltIce water

Sift flour, sugar, and salt; add shortening, and rub in with finger tips or chop with a knife in each hand until[Pg 214] mixture is like fine meal; add lemon juice and enough water to form a stiff paste (about two-thirds of a cup); roll out into a thin sheet and fold in four layers; roll out and fold three times. Chill before using. This rule makes two pies. It is less expensive than puff paste, and yet is a very good substitute for it.

621.—PATTY SHELLS

Roll paste one-eighth of an inch thick, cover inverted tin patty pans or individual pie dishes, trim paste evenly, and press down the edge firmly; prick with a fork, place on a baking sheet, and bake in a hot oven about twelve minutes. Remove pans, and fill with any cooked fruit mixture, berries, or creamed meats or vegetables.

622.—PIE SHELL

Roll paste one-quarter inch thick, cover an inverted tin pie plate, trim, and press the edges firmly; prick with a fork, place on a baking sheet, and bake in a hot oven about fifteen minutes. Fill with cooked pie mixtures and cover with a meringue, or garnish with bits of pastry which have been cut in fancy shapes and baked.

623.—TART SHELLS

Roll Rich Paste (see No. 620) one-third of an inch thick, cut into small rounds, moisten the edges of half of them with cold water, cut out the centers of the other half with a small cutter, place upon whole rounds, and press firmly together; chill, and bake in a hot oven about twenty minutes. Fill with jelly, jam, or fruit paste. When shells are to be filled with creamed meats, etc., cut with a larger cutter.[Pg 215]

624.—MINCE MEAT

4 cups cooked beef chopped1 pound citron shredded
2 cups chopped suet2 tablespoons salt
8 cups chopped apples1 tablespoon cinnamon
1 cup brown sugar1 tablespoon mace
2 cups molasses1 teaspoon clove
1 glass tart jelly1 teaspoon allspice
1½ pounds seeded raisins½ teaspoon pepper
1 pound washed currants1 quart boiled cider

Mix, and cook slowly about two hours, stirring frequently. One cup of chopped cranberries may be substituted for the jelly. Store in jars or in a stone crock. If mince meat grows dry by standing, moisten with a little coffee.

625.—MOCK MINCE MEAT (Uncooked)

1½ cups chopped apples½ teaspoon cinnamon
¼ cup raisins seeded and chopped½ teaspoon mace
¼ cup cranberries chopped¼ teaspoon clove
¼ cup currants¾ cup brown sugar
1 tablespoon citron shredded¼ cup vinegar
¼ cup beef fat melted½ cup coffee
½ teaspoon salt

Mix in order given and let stand a few hours before using. (Fills one large pie.)

626.—GREEN TOMATO MINCE MEAT

1½ cups green tomatoes chopped¼ cup water
1½ cups apple chopped¾ teaspoon cinnamon
¾ cup raisins seeded and chopped½ teaspoon mace
1 cup brown sugar¼ teaspoon clove
¼ cup beef fat melted¾ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons vinegar½ cup jelly, fruit sirup, or grape juice

Mix and cook slowly for one hour. (Fills two pies.)[Pg 216]

627.—MERINGUE FOR TARTS AND PIES

Whites of 2 eggs¼ cup granulated sugar

Beat the whites of eggs very stiff; add sugar gradually, spread over tarts or pies, mounding in the center; put in a slow oven, and bake about ten minutes for tarts and fifteen minutes for pies. If baked slowly, meringue will not settle.

628.—ONE-EGG MERINGUE

White of 1 egg1 teaspoon baking powder
½ cup granulated sugar¼ teaspoon extract

Beat the egg until stiff, add gradually sugar mixed with baking powder, flavor, spread on tarts or pies, and bake in a moderate oven ten minutes.

629.—SLICED APPLE PIE

3½ cups pared and sliced apples1/8 teaspoon salt
½ cup sugar1/3 teaspoon nutmeg or cinnamon

Line a plate with paste, fill with apples, mounding them in the center; mix sugar, salt, and seasoning, and cover apples; moisten edge of paste with water; roll out paste for top crust, cut one-half inch larger than plate, and cut a few small gashes in the center; cover pie, turn edge under the lower crust, and press firmly. Brush with milk, and bake about forty minutes. The oven should be hot for the first fifteen minutes, and then the heat should be reduced.

630.—BLUEBERRY PIE

2½ cups blueberries2½ tablespoons flour
2/3 cup sugar1 teaspoon butter

Line a pie plate with paste; fill with berries, add sugar and flour mixed, and dot butter over top. Cover, and bake the same as Apple Pie (see No. 629).[Pg 217]

631.—CHERRY PIE

Follow recipe for Blueberry Pie (see No. 630), using stoned cherries in place of blueberries and adding one-fourth cup more sugar.

632.—MOCK CHERRY PIE

1½ cups cranberries chopped and rinsed1 cup sugar
½ cup raisins seeded and chopped½ cup water
2 tablespoons sifted crumbs or flour

Mix, and bake in two crusts, the same as Apple Pie (see No. 629).

633.—CRANBERRY PIE

2 cups cranberries2 tablespoons sifted crumbs
1¼ cups sugar½ cup hot water

Chop cranberries, rinse, and mix with sugar, crumbs, and water. Roll paste one-quarter inch thick, cover a perforated tin plate, trim the edge evenly, and moisten edge with water; fill with cranberries, cover with half-inch strips of paste placed half an inch apart to form a lattice top; trim the edges neatly, moisten, and finish with a half-inch strip of paste around the edge. Bake about forty minutes. The oven should be hot for the first fifteen minutes, and then the heat should be reduced.

634.—OPEN CRANBERRY PIE

1½ cups cranberries2/3 cup water
1 cup sugar2 tablespoons sifted crumbs

Mix berries, sugar, and water, and cook for ten minutes, stirring frequently to break the berries; add crumbs, and when nearly cool pour into a baked pie shell. Garnish with bits of baked pastry.[Pg 218]

635.—CUSTARD PIE (Cake Crumbs)

2 cups hot milk1 egg slightly beaten
½ cup dry cake crumbs1/8 teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons sugarNutmeg

Mix crumbs and milk, let stand for five minutes, and press through a sieve; add sugar, egg, and salt; line a deep plate with paste rolled thin; build up a firm edge of crust, fill with custard, and dust with nutmeg. Bake about forty minutes. The oven should be hot for the first ten minutes, and then the heat should be reduced.

636.—GOOSEBERRY PIE

To recipe for Gooseberry Patties (see No. 648) add two tablespoons of dried and sifted crumbs. Prepare and bake the same as Cranberry Pie (see No. 633).

637.—LEMON PIE

1 slice bread one inch thickYolks 2 eggs
1 cup boiling water1/8 teaspoon salt
1 cup sugarRind and juice 1 lemon

Remove crusts from bread; cover bread with boiling water, let stand a few minutes, and press through a sieve; add sugar, egg yolks slightly beaten, salt, lemon rind, and lemon juice. Prepare paste, fill, and bake the same as Custard Pie (see No. 635). Make a Meringue (see No. 627) of the whites of eggs.

638.—MARLBOROUGH PIE

6 applesGrated rind and juice 1 lemon
1/3 cup sugar1 teaspoon cinnamon
2 macaroons rolled¼ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons butter2 eggs slightly beaten

Pare and slice apples, add one-quarter cup of water; cook until soft, and rub through a sieve; add other ingredients[Pg 219] in order given. Line a deep plate or patty tins with rich paste, fill, and bake about forty minutes. Cake crumbs may be substituted for macaroons.

639.—MINCE PIE

Line a perforated tin plate with paste, rolled one-fourth inch thick; fill with mince meat, moisten edges with water, and cover with an upper crust with a few small gashes cut in it; turn the edge under lower crust about half an inch, press firmly, and trim edges of paste with a knife, slanting toward the center; brush with milk, and bake in a hot oven about half an hour.

640.—ORANGE PIE

1½ cups hot milkJuice of 1 orange
½ cup cake crumbs1 egg slightly beaten
½ cup sugar1/8 teaspoon salt
Grated rind of ½ orange

Mix milk and crumbs, let stand five minutes, and press through a fine sieve; add other ingredients. Prepare paste, fill, and bake the same as Custard Pie (see No. 635).

641.—PINEAPPLE PIE

1 can grated pineappleFew grains salt
1 cup sugar1 egg
2½ tablespoons flour½ tablespoon butter

Mix sugar, flour, and salt, add beaten egg, and mix with pineapple; pour into a deep pie plate lined with paste, add butter in small pieces, cover with strips of paste, and bake in a hot oven about forty minutes, reducing the heat during second half of baking.[Pg 220]

642.—PRUNE PIE

2 cups cooked prunes1 tablespoon flour
½ cup sugarGrated rind of ½ orange

Stone prunes, cut in quarters, and put into a paste-lined plate; cover with sugar, flour, and rind mixed. Cover with upper crust, brush with milk, and bake in a hot oven half an hour, reducing the heat during second half of baking.

643.—PUMPKIN PIE

1½ cups baked pumpkin½ teaspoon ginger
1 egg well beaten1 teaspoon cinnamon
2/3 cup brown sugar½ teaspoon cornstarch
½ teaspoon salt1½ cups milk

Cut pumpkin in pieces and bake in a hot oven; mash and strain, and to one and a half cups add the other ingredients in order given. Prepare paste and bake the same as Custard Pie (see No. 635).

644.—RAISIN PIE

½ cup raisins seeded and chopped¼ cup vinegar
1½ cups hot water2 tablespoons butter
1 cup brown sugar½ cup sifted crumbs

Mix, and cook for ten minutes; cool; and bake the same as Cranberry Pie (see No. 633).

645.—RHUBARB PIE

2 cups rhubarb1 cup sugar
2 tablespoons sultana raisinsGrating of nutmeg
¼ cup sifted crumbsFew grains salt

Cut rhubarb in half-inch pieces, place in a strainer, and scald with boiling water; drain, put into a paste-lined[Pg 221] plate, cover with raisins, crumbs, sugar, and nutmeg and salt mixed; cover with an upper crust, and bake the same as Apple Pie (see No. 629).

646.—SQUASH PIE

1½ cups cooked squash¼ teaspoon cinnamon
1 cup sugar½ teaspoon nutmeg
¾ teaspoon salt1 egg beaten
¼ cup sifted crumbs1½ cups milk

Mix in order given. Prepare paste, fill, and bake the same as Custard Pie (see No. 635).

647.—BANBURY TARTS

1 cup raisinsJuice and rind of 1 lemon
¾ cup sugar¼ cup sifted crumbs

Seed and chop raisins, and mix with sugar, lemon, and crumbs. Roll paste one-eighth inch thick, and cut in three-inch rounds; put half a tablespoon of raisin mixture on half of each round, moisten edges with water, fold double, and press edges firmly together. Prick with a fork, and bake in a hot oven about fifteen minutes.

648.—GOOSEBERRY PATTIES

Remove tops and stems from one pint of gooseberries; wash, add one-half cup water, and cook about fifteen minutes, or until soft and well broken; add one cup of sugar, and cool; line patty pans with paste, fill with gooseberries, cover with narrow strips of paste to form a lattice. Bake in a hot oven twenty-five minutes.

649.—PRUNE AND APPLE TART FILLING

Use recipe for Prune and Apple Shortcake (see No. 445), fill cooked paste shells, and garnish with bits of cooked paste.[Pg 222]

650.—PRUNE PATTIES

Line patty pans with paste; prepare filling as for Prune Pie (see No. 642); mix, and fill pans; cover with a lattice-work of narrow strips of paste, and finish with a narrow strip of paste around the outer edge. Bake in a hot oven about twenty-five minutes.

651.—INDIVIDUAL RASPBERRY PIE

Roll paste one-eighth inch thick, cut into circles two and a half inches in diameter. Put a tablespoon of raspberry jam on half of them, and moisten the edges with water. With a small round cutter make three holes in each remaining circle, place on top of jam, press edges firmly together, and bake about fifteen minutes in a hot oven. Bake the small cut-out pieces of paste, and serve with soup.

652.—RHUBARB MERINGUE PATTIES

2 cups rhubarb1 egg yolk beaten
¼ cup water3 tablespoons sifted crumbs
1 cup sugar1 teaspoon butter

Cut rhubarb in half-inch pieces and cook with water ten minutes; add sugar, egg yolk, crumbs, and butter, and cook five minutes; when cool, fill Patty Shells (see No. 621), cover with One-egg Meringue (see No. 628), and bake ten minutes in a moderate oven.

653.—SQUASH PATTIES (without Eggs)

2 cups cooked and sifted squash1 tablespoon dried and sifted crumbs
½ cup sugar½ teaspoon lemon extract
2/3 teaspoon salt

Mix in order given. Line patty pans with paste, fill with squash, and bake in a hot oven about twenty-five minutes.[Pg 223]

654.—CHEESE STRAWS

½ cup flour1/8 teaspoon mustard
1 tablespoon shortening¼ teaspoon paprika
¼ cup grated cheese¼ teaspoon baking powder
1/8 teaspoon saltIce water

Rub shortening into flour with finger tips; add cheese, seasonings, and baking powder, and mix to a stiff dough with ice water. Roll out, fold in four layers, roll out again and fold as before; put on ice to chill; roll out one-third inch thick, and cut into four-inch straws. Bake in a hot oven about twelve minutes.

655.—CHEESE STRAWS (Left-over Paste)

Roll trimmings of pastry into a thin sheet, sprinkle with grated cheese and paprika; fold in four layers; repeat; chill, cut into straws, and bake in a hot oven about twelve minutes.

656.—CHEESE WAFERS

Prepare paste as for Cheese Straws (see No. 654); roll out very thin, cut with a two-inch cutter, and bake in a hot oven about six minutes.

657.—CINNAMON HEARTS

Roll Rich Paste (see No. 620) very thin in an even rectangular shape; sprinkle with powdered sugar mixed with a little cinnamon. The paste should be about twelve inches long. Fold each end toward the center two inches; fold each end again toward the center; fold double, and chill. Cut in one-third-inch slices, place flat side down on a baking sheet two inches apart, and bake in a hot oven about eight minutes.[Pg 224]


CHAPTER XXIX

FRUITS, COOKED AND UNCOOKED[13]

658.—TO COOK DRIED FRUIT

Wash thoroughly in two or three cold waters; put in granite kettle, cover with water, and soak twenty-four hours; cook very slowly two or three hours until tender; add sugar, and simmer half an hour.

659.—BAKED APPLES WITH DATES

Wipe and core apples, and place in baking dish (not tin); in each cavity put a stoned date, a tablespoon of sugar, and two tablespoons of boiling water; bake in a moderate oven about half an hour, basting often. Apple jelly may be used in place of dates, or sugar may be mixed with a little cinnamon or nutmeg.

660.—GRAPE AND APPLE JELLY

½ peck grapesSugar
3 tart apples

Pick over, stew, and mash grapes, put in kettle with apples, which have been coarsely chopped, but not pared or cored; heat to boiling point, mash, and boil thirty minutes; strain through a jelly bag; measure juice, return to kettle, and boil five minutes; add an equal amount of heated sugar, and boil three minutes. Skim well and pour into glasses.[Pg 225]

661.—SPICED APPLE JELLY

Wash apples, cut in quarters, cover with equal parts of water and vinegar, and cook half an hour; drain; and to each quart of juice add one-third cup of mixed spices (tied in a bag), and boil twenty minutes. Remove spices. Add heated sugar, allowing one quart for each quart of juice. Boil ten minutes, and pour into glasses. When cold and firm cover with melted paraffin.

662.—GRAPE JUICE AND APPLE SAUCE

1 cup grape juice4 apples
½ cup sugar4 slices sponge cake or toast

Boil grape juice and sugar for five minutes; pare, core, and slice apples, and cook in grape juice until tender; cool, and serve on toast or cake. Two cups of grapes cooked with one-half cup of water and pressed through a sieve may be used in place of juice.

663.—DARK RED APPLE SAUCE

8 tart apples½ teaspoon nutmeg
1 cup sugar½ cup hot water

Pare and core apples, and cut into eighths; put into an earthen dish; add sugar, nutmeg, and hot water; cover closely, and bake in a slow oven three hours.

664.—BAKED BANANAS

Peel, scrape, and slice six bananas; put into a greased baking dish in layers, and sprinkle each layer with brown sugar; dot a tablespoon of butter over the top, and sprinkle with the juice of half a lemon. Bake in a moderate oven half an hour.[Pg 226]

665.—BANANAS WITH FIGS AND NUTS

4 bananas2 tablespoons powdered sugar
4 figs¼ cup chopped nut meats

Peel, scrape, and slice bananas; wash, dry, and chop figs; spread over bananas; sprinkle with sugar and nut meats, and serve with cream. Grape nuts may be used in place of nut meats.

666.—MOCK BAR-LE-DUC CURRANTS

½ cup large, hard cranberries½ cup boiling water
1 cup sugar

Cut cranberries in quarters, place in colander, and wash under running water to remove the seeds; heat sugar and water slowly to the boiling point, and boil seven minutes; add cranberries, and boil seven minutes. Seal in small glasses.

667.—RED CURRANT CONSERVE

2 pounds red currants1 cup raisins
2 oranges1½ pounds sugar

Wash currants; grate rind of oranges and remove pulp; seed raisins and cut in halves; put in preserving kettle with sugar, heat gradually to boiling point, and simmer until as thick as marmalade.

668.—CRANBERRY CONSERVE

1 quart cranberries1 cup raisins seeded and chopped
1 cup water2¼ cups sugar
Grated rind 1 orange½ cup nut meats chopped
Pulp and juice of 2 oranges

Wash cranberries and chop rather coarsely; put in colander and rinse with running water to remove seeds;[Pg 227] add water, oranges, and raisins; cook fifteen minutes; add sugar and boil two minutes; add nut meats and pour into glasses.

669.—SPICED CRANBERRIES

1 quart cranberries2 teaspoons cinnamon
2 cups brown sugar¼ teaspoon clove
½ cup vinegar¼ teaspoon allspice
¼ cup water

Mix in order given, heat slowly to the boiling point, and simmer half an hour. Serve with cold meats.

670.—PRESERVED CRANBERRIES

½ cup water1 cup cranberries
1 cup sugar

Heat water and sugar to the boiling point, and cook five minutes; add berries, and simmer for fifteen minutes, skimming when necessary. The berries should be unbroken. (Useful for garnishing.)

671.—CRANBERRY SAUCE

1 pint cranberries1 cup sugar
½ cup water

Pick over and wash berries, add the water, and cook until very soft. Mash with a wooden spoon, add the sugar, and cook until sugar is dissolved. For thick cranberry jelly, press through a sieve and pour into glasses.

672.—FIG PASTE (Laxative)

1 pound prunes½ pound figs
1 ounce senna leavesCold water

Soak prunes over night in cold water to cover, add the senna leaves tied in cheesecloth, and cook slowly until[Pg 228] prunes are tender. Stone the prunes, and chop fine; add figs chopped fine, put in top of double boiler, remove senna, add prune juice, and cook until thick.

673.—CANDIED GRAPE FRUIT PEEL

Cut grape fruit peel into thin strips, and soak twenty-four hours in salted water, allowing one teaspoon of salt to each quart of water; drain, cover with cold water, and boil about one hour, or until tender, changing the water once; drain, weigh peel, and add an equal weight of sugar; heat slowly, and cook until sugar is almost absorbed; spread on a platter to dry for five or six hours; roll in powdered sugar. If put in airtight jars it will keep indefinitely. Orange or lemon peel may be used in the same way.

674.—BAKED PEARS

8 hard pears½ cup boiling water
¾ cup sugar4 cloves

Wipe pears, remove stems, and put in an earthen dish; add sugar, water, and cloves; cover, and bake in a slow oven for four hours, basting occasionally. Serve cold.

675.—PEAR AND GINGER MARMALADE

8 pounds hard pears¼ pound preserved ginger
Grated rind 4 lemons6 pounds sugar
Juice of 4 lemons

Quarter and core pears, and put through food chopper; add lemon rind, juice, and ginger (chopped); mix fruit with sugar, heat gradually to boiling point, and cook slowly about two hours, or until thick.[Pg 229]

676.—SPICED PRUNES

2 cups cooked prunesJuice of 1 orange
¼ cup chopped cranberriesFew gratings orange rind
½ cup prune juice½ teaspoon cinnamon
2 tablespoons sugar¼ teaspoon paprika

Stone prunes, cut in small pieces, add other ingredients, and simmer twenty minutes. Serve with cold meats.

677.—QUINCE HONEY

6 quinces1 quart water
3½ pounds sugar

Pare, quarter, and core quinces; to the cores and parings add one pint of water, simmer half an hour, and press through a sieve. Chop quinces, using the finest cutter, add a pint of water, and simmer while cores are cooking; add pulp and juice from cores and boil ten minutes; add sugar and boil about five minutes, or until it jellies.

678.—BAKED RHUBARB AND BANANAS

2 cups rhubarb¾ cup sugar
3 bananas1 tablespoon butter

Wash rhubarb and cut, unpeeled, into one-inch pieces; peel and slice bananas, and arrange in a baking dish in alternate layers with the rhubarb; add sugar and butter, cover, and bake in a slow oven two hours. Serve hot or cold.

679.—RHUBARB AND ORANGE MARMALADE

4 cups rhubarbJuice ½ lemon
4 oranges6 cups sugar
1 tablespoon orange rind grated

Cut rhubarb in half-inch pieces; add pulp and juice of oranges, rind, lemon juice, and sugar. Cook slowly until juice will "jell" when tried on a cold plate.[Pg 230]

680.—RHUBARB AND FIG MARMALADE

3 pounds rhubarb1 teaspoon ginger
1 pound figs¼ teaspoon clove
3 pounds sugar¼ teaspoon salt
1 lemon

Cut rhubarb unpeeled into inch pieces; wash figs and put through food chopper; put in preserving kettle with half of sugar and let stand over night; in the morning boil until clear, then add remaining sugar, juice and grated rind of lemon, and seasonings. Cook slowly until thickened.

681.—THREE-IN-ONE MARMALADE

Cut in halves one grape fruit, one orange, and one lemon; remove pulp with a teaspoon, saving juice and discarding seeds; remove the membrane from peels, and put peel through the food chopper, using medium cutter; mix peel, pulp, and juice; measure, and to each cup add three cups of cold water; let stand over night; heat slowly to the boiling point, and cook one hour, or until peel is tender; measure, add an equal amount of sugar; boil about forty minutes, or until a little will "jell" when tried on a cold plate.

682.—RED TOMATO JAM

3 pounds ripe tomatoes1 teaspoon ginger
3 pounds sugar¼ teaspoon salt
2 lemons

Scald and peel tomatoes; cut in halves crosswise and discard seeds; put in preserving kettle with sugar, lemon juice, and ginger; cook slowly about two hours, stirring often with a wooden spoon. Skim when necessary. This may be kept in a stone crock or sealed in glasses.[Pg 231]

683.—SWEET PICKLED WATERMELON RIND

Rind of ½ watermelon1½ tablespoons cinnamon
3 pounds brown sugar1 tablespoon cloves
1 quart vinegar1 tablespoon allspice

Pare melon rind, cut in inch squares, wash, and drain; put sugar and vinegar in a preserving kettle, add spices tied in a bag, and boil one hour; add melon rind, and cook about one hour, or until tender; put melon rind into a stone crock, boil sirup hard for fifteen minutes, and pour over melon.

[Pg 232]


CHAPTER XXX

CANDIES

684.—PLAIN FONDANT

4 cups granulated sugar1/8 teaspoon cream of tartar
1 cup boiling water

Put sugar in a smooth, clean saucepan, add boiling water, and stir until dissolved; heat slowly to boiling point, add cream of tartar, and boil without stirring to 240° F., or until sirup will form a soft ball when tested in cold water. As sirup granulates around the sides of saucepan, wash down with a clean brush which has been dipped quickly into cold water; pour out upon a slightly oiled slab or large platter; as the edges begin to harden, turn them toward the center, and when the mixture is partly cooled work with a wooden spatula or butter paddle until creamy; when it begins to lump, knead with the hands until smooth. Let stand a few hours before using, or keep in a covered jar until needed.

685.—COFFEE FONDANT

Follow recipe for Plain Fondant (see No. 684), using strong, clear coffee in place of water. Or, if only a small quantity is needed, melt plain fondant over hot water and add one teaspoon of instantaneous coffee to each cup. This may be used melted for mints, or for dipping, or, when cooled, for centers.[Pg 233]

686.—BONBON CENTERS

Cut candied fruits or nuts into small pieces, and work with a bit of fondant into small balls; let stand a few hours before dipping. Keep centers small so that bonbons will not be too large when finished.

687.—FONDANT BONBONS

Melt fondant over hot water; flavor and color as desired; dip bonbon centers one at a time, and remove with a fork or confectioners' dipper; place on an oiled slab or platter until cold.

688.—CHOCOLATE BONBONS

Melt bitter chocolate in a cup over hot water, and dip centers the same as for Fondant Bonbons (see No. 687). Dot chocolate (sweetened) may be used if preferred. Confectioners' chocolate is best for dipping, but cooking chocolate is satisfactory if half a teaspoon of butter is melted with each four squares.

689.—FONDANT MINTS

Put Plain Fondant (see No. 684) in cups, melt over hot water, and flavor with a few drops of oil of spearmint, wintergreen, orange, lime, or any desired flavor; color lightly if desired, and drop from a teaspoon upon an oiled slab or platter.

690.—QUICK FONDANT

Break the white of an egg into a bowl, add a tablespoon of water and about two cups of confectioners' sugar, or enough to knead. Flavor with oil, extracts, or grated[Pg 234] orange or lemon rind, and color as desired. Use for mints (rolled and cut), stuffing dates, prunes, cherries or nuts, or for bonbon centers.

691.—QUICK MINTS

1 cup sugar1/8 teaspoon cream of tartar
½ cup boiling water3 drops oil of spearmint

Put sugar into a smooth, clean saucepan, add boiling water, and stir until dissolved; add cream of tartar, and boil to 234° F., or about five minutes; cool slightly, add flavoring, beat until creamy, and drop from a teaspoon on an oiled slab or platter. If mixture thickens before all is used, add a few drops of boiling water. Oil or essence of wintergreen, lime, orange, etc., may be used instead of spearmint, and mixture may be colored lightly to correspond with flavoring.

692.—AFTER-DINNER MINTS

2 cups sugar½ cup boiling water
¼ cup molasses4 drops oil of spearmint

Put sugar and molasses into a smooth, clean saucepan, add boiling water, heat gradually to the boiling point, and boil to 258° F., or until candy becomes brittle when tested in cold water; add flavoring, pour on an oiled slab or platter, and when cool enough to handle pull until nearly white; pull into long strips about half an inch in diameter, and cut in small pieces with scissors; roll in powdered sugar, and keep in a covered jar for several days before using.

693.—APRICOT PASTE

Follow recipe for Mint Paste (see No. 694), omitting spearmint and coloring, and adding one cup of stewed[Pg 235] and strained dried apricots (without juice); roll in confectioners' sugar, or dip in melted fondant or chocolate.

694.—MINT PASTE

1 box granulated gelatine¼ cup lemon juice
2/3 cup cold waterGrated rind 1 orange
1 cup boiling water5 drops oil of spearmint
2 cups sugarGreen coloring

Soak gelatine in cold water five minutes; dissolve in boiling water; add sugar, and stir until dissolved; add lemon juice, and boil twenty minutes; add rind, flavoring, and coloring; pour into a small pan and let stand for several hours; cut into cubes and roll in confectioners' sugar. Oil of wintergreen, cloves, or cinnamon may be used in place of spearmint, and other coloring may be used.

695.—TURKISH DELIGHT

1 box granulated gelatine3 tablespoons lemon juice
2/3 cup strained orange juiceGrated rind 1 orange
1 cup boiling water¼ cup nut meats cut fine
2 cups sugar½ cup candied fruit cut fine

Soak gelatine in orange juice five minutes; dissolve in boiling water, add sugar and lemon juice, and stir until sugar is dissolved; boil twenty minutes; add rind, and, when nearly cold, add nuts and fruit and pour into a small pan; let stand several hours, cut in cubes, and roll in confectioners' sugar. Paste may be colored pink by adding red gelatine to the orange juice.[Pg 236]

696.—FRUIT WAFERS

½ pound prunesJuice and grated rind ½ lemon
½ pound figsConfectioners' sugar
½ pound dates

Soak prunes and figs in cold water over night, drain and wipe dry; cut prunes from stones, stone dates, and put all fruit through food chopper, using finest cutter; add lemon rind, juice, and sugar enough to knead to a firm paste; roll on a sugared board to one-fourth-inch thickness, and cut in small rounds, squares, or diamonds. Or form paste into small balls, and roll in coconut or chopped nut meats. One-half cup of finely chopped nut meats may be added to the paste. This is an excellent filling for stuffed dates.

697.—SPICED RAISINS

2 cups large raisins seeded½ teaspoon cinnamon
½ tablespoon butter½ teaspoon mace
2 tablespoons vinegar¼ teaspoon clove
2 tablespoons water

Cook very slowly until raisins are plump and liquid has evaporated. Cool, and roll in granulated sugar.

698.—STUFFED DATES

Wash one pound large dates, dry, and remove stones; stuff with plain fondant, or fondant mixed with candied fruits or nuts; or stuff with a seeded raisin, or a piece of date, fig, or pineapple. Roll in confectioners' sugar.

699.—STUFFED PRUNES

1 pound large prunes½ cup confectioners' sugar
½ pound dried apricots

Wash fruit, soak over night, drain and dry; remove stones from prunes with a knife; put apricots through[Pg 237] food chopper, mix with sugar, and fill prunes; roll in confectioners' sugar.

700.—MARRONS GLACÉS

2 cups sugar1 tablespoon corn sirup
1½ cups water1 pint chestnuts

Shell one pint of chestnuts (see No. 243) and simmer in a sirup made of sugar and water until chestnuts are tender but not broken. Drain from sirup; cook the sirup with the corn sirup to 310° F., or until sirup begins to discolor. Remove saucepan from fire, place in a saucepan of hot water, put chestnuts on a dipping needle or long pin, and dip in sirup until thoroughly coated; place on an oiled platter.

701.—NUTS AND FRUITS GLACÉ

2 cups sugar1/8 teaspoon cream of tartar
1 cup water

Boil sugar, water, and cream of tartar to 310° F. Follow directions for dipping Marrons Glacés (see No. 700). Cherries, strawberries, orange sections, grapes, or mint and rose leaves may be dipped in the same way.[Pg 239][Pg 238]


APPENDIX

A.—TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

1 teaspoon= 60 drops
3 teaspoons= 1 tablespoon
16 tablespoons= 1 cup
1 cup= ½ pint
2 pints= 1 quart
Butter, 2 tablespoons solidly packed= 1 ounce
Butter, 2 cups solidly packed= 1 pound
Chocolate, 1 square= 1 ounce
Coffee, 4-1/3 cups= 1 pound
Eggs, 9 in shells= 1 pound
English Walnuts, chopped, 5 cups= 1 pound
Flour, 4 tablespoons= 1 ounce
Flour, Pastry, 4 cups= 1 pound
Flour, Bread, 4 cups= 1 pound
Flour, Entire Wheat, 3-7/8 cups= 1 pound
Flour, Graham, 4½ cups= 1 pound
Meat, 2 cups finely chopped= 1 pound
Oatmeal, 2-2/3 cups= 1 pound
Oats, Rolled, 5 cups= 1 pound
Rice, 1-7/8 cups= 1 pound
Rye Meal, 4-1/3 cups= 1 pound
Sugar, Brown, 2-2/3 cups= 1 pound
Sugar, Confectioners', 3½ cups= 1 pound
Sugar, Granulated, 2 cups= 1 pound
Sugar, Powdered, 2-2/3 cups= 1 pound
Sugar or Salt, 2 tablespoons= 1 ounce

[Pg 240]


B.—TIME TABLE FOR COOKING

BAKING

Beans, Boston Baked8 hours
Biscuits, Baking Powder (according to size)12-15 minutes
Raised (according to size)12-20 minutes
Bread (ten-cent loaf)50 minutes
Breads, Baking Powder Muffins (according to size)18-30 minutes
Corn Bread (shallow pan)15-20 minutes
Gingerbread (shallow pan)25 minutes
Popovers (according to size)25-30 minutes
Yeast Muffins (according to size)20-30 minutes
Cake, Fruit1¼ to 2 hours
Layer15-20 minutes
Loaf (shallow pan)30 minutes
Sponge (deep pan)40 minutes
Cookies and Wafers6-15 minutes
Cup Custards25 minutes
Fish, whole, 4 pounds1 hour
Fillets, or whole small20-30 minutes
Meats, Fillet of Beef (medium)45-60 minutes
Rump of Beef (medium) per pound17 minutes
Sirloin or Rib of Beef (medium) per pound15 minutes
Chicken, per pound18 minutes
Duck, Domestic1 to 1¼ hours
Duck, Wild15-20 minutes
Goose, Domestic, per pound20 minutes
Leg of Lamb, per pound18 minutes
Pork Chops30 minutes
Loin of Pork, per pound22 minutes
Turkey, per pound20 minutes
Loin of Veal, per pound22 minutes
Pies35-45 minutes
Rice or Tapioca Pudding, Cooked45 minutes
Rice or Tapioca Pudding, Uncooked2½ to 3½ hours

[Pg 241]

BOILING

[Pg 242]

Cereals
Corn Meal2 hours
Hominy2-3 hours
Macaroni20-30 minutes
Oatmeal4 hours
Rice20-30 minutes
Rolled Oats½ hour
Spaghetti20 minutes
Granulated or Rolled Wheat½ hour
Eggs
Soft-cooked3-5 minutes
Hard-cooked20 minutes
Fish
Bass, per pound12 minutes
Bluefish, per pound12 minutes
Cod, per pound6 minutes
Halibut, per pound12 minutes
Lobster, whole20 minutes
Salmon, per pound12 minutes
Small fish6-10 minutes
Meats
Corned Beef3-4 hours
Fresh Beef3 hours
Fowl, per pound30 minutes
Ham, per pound25 minutes
Mutton (leg), per pound25 minutes
Corned Tongue3½ hours
Fresh Tongue2½ hours
Vegetables
Artichokes30-45 minutes
Asparagus20-30 minutes
Dried Beans3-4 hours
Lima and other Shell Beans1 to 1¼ hours
String Beans1-2 hours
Beets, old2-4 hours
Beets, young45 minutes
Brussels Sprouts20 minutes
Cabbage20-30 minutes
Cauliflower25 minutes
Green Corn10 minutes
Onions1 to 1½ hours
Oyster Plant (whole)45 minutes
Parsnips45-60 minutes
Peas, Fresh20-60 minutes
Peas, Dried3 hours
Potatoes, White20-30 minutes
Potatoes, Sweet20-25 minutes
Spinach25-30 minutes
Tomatoes (stewed)20-30 minutes
Turnips, Yellow1½ to 2 hours
Turnips, White1 to 1½ hours

BROILING

Bacon and Ham, sliced thin4 minutes
Chicken, Spring20 minutes
Chops, Lamb or Mutton6-10 minutes
Fish, Slices Cod, Halibut, Salmon, Swordfish12-15 minutes
Fish, whole small, Smelt, Trout8-10 minutes
Fish, whole split, Bluefish, Scrod, Shad, Whitefish18-22 minutes
Oysters3-4 minutes
Steak, 1 inch thick (medium)8 minutes
Squab10-12 minutes
Tripe and Liver6 minutes

FRYING

Chops or Cutlets, Breaded5-8 minutes
Croquettes and Fishballs1 minute
Doughnuts, Drop Cakes, Fritters, Muffins3-5 minutes
Fish, rolled fillets and slices5-7 minutes
Fish, whole small, Smelt, Trout, Whitebait2-7 minutes
Potatoes, Straws, Chips3-4 minutes
Potatoes, French Fried6-8 minutes

[Pg 243]


C.—TEMPERATURE TABLE

[Pg 244]

Fahrenheit
Freezing point32°
Lukewarm Water or Milk, not over98°
Albumen begins to coagulate134°
Milk, Pasteurized, keep for ½ hour at145°
Simmering point185°
Boiling point, Water (sea level)212°
Boiling point, Milk (sea level)214°
Milk, scalded in double boiler196°
Baking, Apples300°
Baking, Bananas400°
Baking, Biscuit (baking powder)450°
Baking, Biscuit (yeast)425°
Baking, Loaf Bread400°
Baking, Muffins380°
Baking, Popovers450°
Baking, Cake: Cookies400°
Baking, Cake: Gingerbread375°
Baking, Cake: Fruit and Pound300°
Baking, Cake: Layer380°
Baking, Cake: Plain (shallow pan)375°
Baking, Cake: Sponge (shallow pan)350°
Baking, Meats, Beef and Mutton, for 15 minutes450°
then reduce to350°
Baking, Meats, Chicken and Turkey, for ½ hour400°
then reduce to300°
Baking, Meats, Goose and Lamb, for ½ hour400°
then reduce to300°
Baking, Meats, Pork and Veal, for ½ hour350°
then reduce to260°
Baking, Pastry: Pies, for ¼ hour450°
then reduce to350°
Baking, Pastry: Tart or Patty Shells450°
Baking, Potatoes450°
Frying:[14] Breaded Chops, Oysters380°
Frying: Croquettes, Fishballs390°
Frying: Doughnuts, Fritters360°-370°
Frying: Potatoes, French Fried380°
Frying: Potato Chips or Straws400°
Fruit Jelly222°
Sugar and Water Sirup, large thread217°
Sugar and Water Sirup, feather232°
Sugar and Water Sirup, soft ball240°
Sugar and Water Sirup, hard ball250°
Sugar and Water Sirup, for glacéd fruits and nuts310°
Sugar and Water Sirup, for spun sugar300°
Sugar and Water Sirup, caramel350°
A very hot oven450°-550°
A hot oven400°-450°
A moderate oven350°-400°
A slow oven250°-350°

[Pg 245]


D.—TABLE OF CALORIC VALUES OF AVERAGE PORTIONS OF FOOD.

The following table gives the approximate number of calories and the approximate percentage of protein, fat, and carbohydrate in an average portion of food.[15] Unless otherwise stated an egg, orange, potato, etc., means one of average size.

Number of
Kind of FoodAmountCalories% Protein% Fat% Carbohydrates
Beverages
Buttermilk (see Dairy Products)
Chocolate[16]1 cup200104941
Cocoa[17]1 cup140143947
Eggnog1 cup225214831
Grape Juice½ cup10000100
Milk (See Dairy Products)
Orange Juice½ cup5000100
Breads
Baking Powder Biscuit1 small biscuit50112762
Boston Brown Bread1 slice ¾ in. x 3 in. diameter100101080
White Bread1 slice ½ in. x 4 in. x 2½ in.5014680
Corn Bread1 piece 2 in. x 2 in. x 1 in.100102466
Crackers, Graham15092071
Crackers, Soda125102070
Croutons (fried)12 half-in. cubes8074944
Croutons (toasted)12 half-in. cubes4514482
Griddle Cakes2 cakes 4½ in. in diameter200142561
Muffins, Corn Meal1133132562
Muffins, One-egg1125122464
Popovers1100182755
Sandwich (Club)1500156916
Cake
Apple Sauce Cakeslice ½ in. x 1½ in. x 3¾ in.12842373
Doughnuts120064549
Fruit Cakeslice ½ in. x 2 in. x 4 in.30062668
Hot Water Gingerbread1 piece 2 in. x 2 in. x 2 in.20082270
Hot Water SpongeSlice 1½ in. x 1½ in. x 2 in.1007786
Macaroon15063361
One-Egg CakeSlice ½ in. x 2 in. x 4 in.22583260
Candy and Sugar
Bitter Chocolate1 oz.20087220
Chocolate Fudge1 cubic inch8922078
Sweet Milk Chocolate1 oz.14375835
Molasses1 tablespoon663097
Sugar, Granulated1 tablespoon5500100
Sugar1 full-sized lump2800100
Cereals
Corn Flakes1 cup806490
Corn Meal Mush½ cup7510585
Grape Nuts1/3 cup20012286
Macaroni (cooked)¾ cup7515283
Oatmeal (cooked)½ cup50171667
Rice (steamed)½ cup649190
Shredded Wheat Biscuit110013582
Wheat Meal Mush½ cup6712484
Cheese Dishes
Cheese Fondue¾ cup180177013
Welsh Rarebit½ cup and 1 thin slice toast350225721
Dairy Products
Butter1 tablespoon1131990
Buttermilk1 cup88331354
Cheese, American1½ cubic inches10026713
Cheese, Cottage2 cubic inches5076915
Cream, Thin¼ cup1005869
Milk, Unskimmed1 cup160205228
Milk, Skimmed1 cup8837756
Desserts
Brown Betty½ cup25033562
Chocolate Blancmange½ cup31294843
Cup Custard1 custard200173944
Lemon Jelly½ cup1009091
Pie, Apple1 piece[18]30034156
Pie, Custard1 piece25693259
Pie, Lemon Meringue1 piece36752768
Pie, Mince1 piece45083953
Pie, Raisin1 piece44553659
Pie, Squash1 piece360102565
Rice Custard½ cup100183250
Indian Tapioca½ cup400112069
Vanilla Ice Cream (custard)½ cup20065539
Eggs
Boiled17536640
Scrambled1/3 cup13320764
Fats and Salad Dressings
Bacon fat1 tablespoon13201000
Beef Drippings1 tablespoon11301000
Butter (See Dairy Products)
Cream (See Dairy Products)
Crisco1 tablespoon13401000
Lard1 tablespoon13201000
Oleomargarine1 tablespoon1131990
Olive Oil1 tablespoon13201000
French Dressing1 tablespoon8801000
Mayonnaise Dressing1 tablespoon1051972
Cooked Dressing1 tablespoon25106426
Fruits
Apple, baked (with sugar)1 large2001396
Bananas1 large1005689
Cantaloupe½506094
Cranberry Sauce¼ cup1000199
Dates1252791
Figs, dried1675194
Grape Fruit1 medium1007489
Olives, Green2 medium3018316
Orange1 large1006391
Peach1407291
Prunes, Stewed¼ cup2002098
Raisins¼ cup1003988
Meats and Fish (cooked)
Bacon1 thin slice2513870
Dried Beef (creamed)1/3 cup100166519
Hamburg Steak (broiled)cake 7/8 in. thick 2½ in. diameter10055450
Roast Beefslice 5 in. x 2½ in. x ¼ in.10046540
Stewed Beef with Dumpling1 cup290142462
Lamb Chops1 kidney chop12524760
Pork Chops1 loin chop20018820
Sausage2 small10020782
Clams (raw)85056836
Codfish Balls1, 2 inches in diameter100146521
Creamed Codfish½ cup100324622
Oysters (raw)650492229
Salmon (canned)½ cup10045550
Sauces
Brown Sauce2 tablespoons37144937
Lemon Sauce2 tablespoons7003070
Tomato Sauce2 tablespoons4057025
White Sauce2 tablespoons5587022
Soups
Bouillon¾ cup198488
Cream of Corn¾ cup150123850
Corn Chowder¾ cup185124345
Split Pea¾ cup12526272
Tomato (canned)¾ cup100121276
Vegetables
Asparagus7 stalks3332860
Beans, Baked¾ cup225211861
Beans, Lima (fresh)½ cup10023572
Beans, String½ cup2022771
Beets1 beet, 2 in. diameter2514284
Corn (canned)½ cup150111178
Peas (canned)½ cup6726371
Potatoes, Mashed½ cup11074845
Potatoes, Sweet, Baked12006589
Potatoes, White, Baked110011188
Spinach½ cup2012880
Squash, winter½ cup559784
Tomatoes (canned)½ cup3012871

[Pg 250]


E.—APPROXIMATE CALORIC VALUE OF RAW FOOD MATERIALS AND THE APPROXIMATE PERCENTAGE OF PROTEIN, FAT, AND CARBOHYDRATE.

By means of this table the fuel value of nearly all recipes may be computed.[19]

[Pg 252]

[Pg 251]

Number of
MaterialQuantityCalories% Protein% Fat% Carbohydrates
Cereals
Barley, Pearl1 cup75510387
Bran1 cup21814680
Bread Crumbs, dried1 cup37314482
Bread Crumbs, soft1 cup14714482
Corn Meal1 cup50410585
Corn Starch1 cup45900100
Flour, Graham1 cup50815679
Flour, White, sifted1 cup39512484
Macaroni, broken1 cup35515283
Oatmeal1 cup636171667
Rolled Oats1 cup280171667
Rice1 cup8679190
Chocolate, bitter1 square17387220
Cocoa, dry1 cup634175330
Crackers, Boston1 pound188513978
Dairy Products
Butter, See Fats
Cheese, American (fresh){ 1 cup498 }26713
{ 1 pound1993 }
Condensed Milk, sweetened1 cup1067112366
Condensed Milk, unsweetened1 cup427235126
Skimmed Milk[20]
Whole Milk[21]
Cream[22]
Eggs[23]
Egg, White1149730
Egg, Yolk15620800
Fats
Butter{ 1 cup1802 }1990
{ 1 pound3605 }
Crisco{ 1 cup2136 }01000
{ 1 pound4273 }
Lard{ 1 cup2110 }01000
{ 1 pound4220 }
Oleomargarine{ 1 cup1492 }1990
{ 1 pound3410}
Olive Oil1 cup160001000
Suet{ 1 cup749 }3970
{ 1 pound3424 }
Fruits
Apricots, dried1 pound12607390
Blackberries1 cup20091675
Concord Grapes1 large bunch10051580
Cranberries1 cup4641185
Currants, dried1 cup5023592
Dates, dried (unstoned){ 1 cup508 }2791
{ 1 pound1416 }
Figs, chopped{ 1 cup507 }5194
{ 1 pound1437 }
Lemon Juice½ cup4400100
Pineapple (canned, grated)1 cup3691495
Other fruits[24]
Gelatine1 ounce10610000
Maple Sirup1 cup97600100
Meats and Fish (Edible portion)
Beef, Sirloin Steak1 pound114331690
Beef, Round1 pound95054460
Beef, Tongue1 pound72747530
Chicken, young1 pound50079210
Clams, long1 pint24056836
Cod1 pound3269550
Fowl1 pound105035650
Goose1 pound181816840
Halibut1 pound57161390
Ham1 pound194029710
Lamb, forequarter1 pound143025750
Liver1 pound60561390
Lobster1 pound39078202
Mackerel1 pound64550500
Mutton, Leg1 pound110541590
Oysters1 pint230492229
Salt Pork, fat1 pound36702980
Shad1 pound76246540
Turkey Veal, Breast1 pound133329710
Other Meats and Fish[25]1 pound84047530
Molasses1 cup9763097
Nuts (shelled)
Almonds1 cup734137611
Peanuts1 cup663196318
Peanut Butter1/3 cup640196912
Pecans1 cup11455878
Walnuts, English1 cup60011827
Sugar
Brown1 cup62500100
Granulated1 cup84000100
Powdered1 cup67200100
Vegetables
Beans, dried1 cup68426569
Beans, Lima, dried1 cup54121475
Cabbage1 pound14520971
Carrots1 pound21010585
Celery (cut in ¼-inch pieces)1 cup2424571
Corn, canned1 cup255111178
Lentils (dried)1 cup64029368
Lettuce1 large head50251461
Mushrooms1 pound21131861
Onions{ 1 onion25 }13681
{ 1 pound225 }
Parsnips1 pound29110783
Peas, canned (drained)1 cup13426371
Peas, dried1 cup67528369
Tapioca1 cup64000100
Tomatoes, fresh1 pound10021871
Tomatoes, canned1 cup6021871
Turnip1 cup ½-inch cubes5013582
Other Vegetables[26]

[Pg 253]


F.—NORMAL WEIGHTS FOR MEN AND WOMEN[27]

WHAT MEN SHOULD WEIGH

Ages:15-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-64
5 ft.0 in.120125128131133134134134131
5 ft.1 in.122126129131134136136136134
5 ft.2 in.124128131133136138138138137
5 ft.3 in.127131134136139141141141140
5 ft.4 in.131135138140143144145145144
5 ft.5 in.134138141143146147149149148
5 ft.6 in.138142145147150151153153153
5 ft.7 in.142147150152155156158158158
5 ft.8 in.146151154157160161163163163
5 ft.9 in.150155159162165166167168168
5 ft.10 in.154159164167170171172173174
5 ft.11 in.159164169173175177177178180
6 ft.0 in.165170175179180183182183185
6 ft.1 in.170177181185186189188189189
6 ft.2 in.176184188192194196194194192

WHAT WOMEN SHOULD WEIGH

Ages:15-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-64
4 ft.11 in.111113115117119122125128128126
5 ft.0 in.113114117119122125128130131129
5 ft.1 in.115116118121124128131133134132
5 ft.2 in.117118120123127132134137137136
5 ft.3 in.120122124127131135138141141140
5 ft.4 in.123125127130134138142145145144
5 ft.5 in.125128131135139143147149149148
5 ft.6 in.128132135139143146151153153152
5 ft.7 in.132135139143147150154157157155
5 ft.8 in.136140143147151155158161161160
5 ft.9 in.140144147151155159163166166165
5 ft.10 in.144147151155159163167170170169
5 ft.11 in.149153155158162166170174174172
6 ft.0 in.154157159162165169173177177175

[Pg 254]


G.—LIST OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS ON FOODS AND COOKING[28]

[Pg 255]

Beans, Peas, and other Legumes as FoodFarmers' Bulletin, 121
Bread and Bread MakingFarmers' Bulletin, 389
Canned Fruit, Preserves, and JelliesFarmers' Bulletin, 203
Canning Tomatoes; Home and Club WorkFarmers' Bulletin, 521
Canning Vegetables in the HomeFarmers' Bulletin, 359
Care of Food in the HomeFarmers' Bulletin, 375
Cereal Breakfast FoodsFarmers' Bulletin, 249
Cheese; Economical Uses in the HomeFarmers' Bulletin, 487
Chemical Composition of American Food MaterialsExperiment Stations Bulletin, 28
Corn Meal as a Food and Ways of Using ItFarmers' Bulletin, 565
Eggs and Their Uses as FoodFarmers' Bulletin, 128
Fireless Cooker, Hay Box, orFarmers' Bulletin, 296
Fish as FoodFarmers' Bulletin, 85
Food for Young ChildrenFarmers' Bulletin, 717
Food Customs and Diet in American HomesExperiment Stations Circular, 110
Fruit, Use of, as FoodFarmers' Bulletin, 293
Functions and Uses of FoodExperiment Stations Circular, 46
Grape Juice, Unfermented, Manufacture and Use ofFarmers' Bulletin, 644
Honey and Its Uses in the HomeFarmers' Bulletin, 653
Household Equipment, Selection ofDepartment of Agriculture Year Book, 1914
Measurements for the HouseholdStandards Circular, 55
Meat: Economical Use of in the HomeFarmers' Bulletin, 391
Meats: Composition and CookingFarmers' Bulletin, 34
Milk, The Care of and Its Use in the HomeFarmers' Bulletin, 413
Milk, The Uses of as FoodFarmers' Bulletin, 363
Mushrooms and Other Common FungiAgriculture Bulletin, 175
Mushrooms, Preserving WildFarmers' Bulletin, 342
Nutrition of Man in U. S., Investigation onExperiment Stations Office
Nutrition, Principles of, and Nutritive Value of FoodFarmers' Bulletin, 142
Nuts and Their Use as FoodFarmers' Bulletin, 332
Olive Oil and Its SubstitutionChemistry Bulletin, 77
Oysters: The Food that has not "Gone Up"Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries, Economic Circular No. 18
Peanut OilFarmers' Bulletin, 751
Popcorn for Home UseFarmers' Bulletin, 553
Raisins, Figs, and Other Dried Fruits, and Their UseAgriculture Year Book, 1912; Separate, 610
Sugar as FoodFarmers' Bulletin, 93
Vegetables, Preparation of, for the TableFarmers' Bulletin, 256

INDEX

NO.PAGE
30After-dinner Coffee25
241Almonds, Salted97
180Anchovy Sauce80
Appetizers and Relishes
2    Asheville Canapés17
11    Cantaloupe Cocktail19
8    Celery Relish19
9    Cheese and Apple Rings19
3    Club Canapés17
1    Cocktail Sauce17
3    Crab Meat Canapés18
17    Cucumber Pickles21
12    Fruit Cocktail19
6    Gloucester Canapés18
5    Mock Crab Canapés18
18    Pepper Hash22
14    Piccalilli20
19    Pickled Nasturtium Seeds22
10    Spanish Cheese19
15    Table Sauce20
16    Tomato Ketchup21
7    Tuna Canapés18
13    Winter Chili Sauce20
442Apple and Cranberry Shortcake160
366Apple and Mint Salad135
539Apple Cake, Dutch189
508Apple Cake, Ginger180
9Apple, Cheese and, Rings19
529Apple Filling186
325Apple Fritters123
540Apple Pudding, Steamed190
538Apple Roulettes189
490Apple Sauce Cake174
659Apples, Baked with Dates224
693Apricot Paste234
2Asheville Canapés17
34Asparagus Soup27


162Bacon and Chicken Livers72
163Bacon and Lamb's Liver, Fried73
151Bacon, Breakfast69
426Bacon Sandwich Rolls154
36Baked Bean Soup28
448Baked Bean and Lettuce Sandwiches163
351Baked Bean Salad130
247Baked Beans100
546Baked Indian Pudding191
674Baked Pears228
678Baked Rhubarb and Bananas229
555Baked Rice Custard194
556Baked Rice Pudding194
Baking defined15
Baking Powder10
397Baking Powder146
424Baking Powder Biscuit154
367Banana and Apple Salad135
560Banana and Grape Juice Jelly196
368Banana and Peanut Salad135
326Banana Fritters123
558Banana Royal196
181Banana Sauce80
443Banana Shortcake161
541Banana Toast190
559Banana Whip196
664Bananas, Baked225
665Bananas with Figs and Nuts226
666Bar-le-Duc Currants, Mock226
398Barley Bread146
248Beans, Black, Thick Purée of100
35Beans, Black, Purée of27
37Beans, Red Kidney, Purée of28
440Beaten Biscuit, Maryland158
182Bechamel Sauce80
134Beef, American Chop Suey62
130Beef and Bacon Cakes61
128Beef, Broiled Chopped60
126Beef, Broiled Flank Steak60
132Beef, Casserole of62
120Beef, Corned57
173Beef, Corned, Hash76
170Beef, Corned, Scalloped75
133Beef, Creamed Dried, with Cheese62
129Beef, Hamburg Meat Cakes61
131Beef, Loaf61
122Beef, Pot Roast58
119Beef, Pressed57
121Beef, Roast58
169Beef, Savory75
123Beef, Shin of, with Creole Sauce59
127Beef Steak, Country Style60
70Beef Stew40
124Beef, Stuffed Shin59
369Bellevue Salad135
Beverages
31    Café au Lait26
33    Chocolate26
32    Cocoa26
30    Coffee, After-dinner25
20    Coffee, Egg, and Milk23
29    Coffee, Filtered25
24    Ginger Ale Punch24
23    Ginger Punch24
22    Grape Eggnog23
21    Grape Juice23
25    Mint Julep (Ginger Ale)24
26    Mint Lemonade24
27    Tea25
28    Tea, Iced25
424Biscuit, Baking Powder154
440Biscuit, Beaten, Maryland158
430Biscuit, Entire Wheat155
431Biscuit, Fruit Tea156
432Biscuit, Graham156
429Biscuit, Quick Drop155
183Black Butter81
56Blackberry Mold197
542Blackberry Pudding190
563Blancmange, Chocolate197
578Blancmange, Sea Moss202
412Blueberry Muffins151
630Blueberry Pie216
543Blueberry Pudding190
212Boiled Eggs88
521Boiled Icing184
Boiling defined15
686Bonbon Centers233
50Bouillon, Tomato32
Braising defined15
399Bran Bread (Baking Powder)146
378Bran Bread (Yeast)138
510Bran Drop Cookies180
413Bran Muffins151
Bread9
Bread, Baking Powder
398    Barley146
399    Bran146
403    Brown, Bread Crumb148
428    Coffee Cake, Quick155
405    Corn148
409    Corn Cake, Custard150
411    Corn Cake, Rhode Island150
406    Corn, Country149
401    Dark Nut147
400    Date147
404    Indian Date, Steamed148
410    Molasses Corn150
402    Quick Raisin147
Bread, Yeast
378    Bran138
387    Buns14
388    Crescents142
380    Date139
379    Entire Wheat139
381    Fried139
382    Graham and Corn140
383    Irish140
384    Oatmeal140
396    Roulettes145
385    Rye141
386    Shredded Wheat141
377    White138
403Bread Crumb Brown Bread148
217Bread Omelet90
184Bread Sauce81
471Bread, Stale to freshen168
208Bread Stuffing86
439Breakfast Puffs158
460Brews165
Broiling defined15
544Brown Betty190
403Brown Bread, Bread Crumb148
461Brown Bread Toast165
185Brown Sauce81
486Brown Sugar Sirup172
387Buns141
Butter5
472Buttered Crumbs168
422Buttermilk Muffins153


353Cabbage and Beet Salad131
354Cabbage and Cranberry131
250Cabbage Baked101
251Cabbage Cooked in Milk101
31Café au Lait26
Cake10
Cake
490    Apple Sauce174
491    Canada War174
503    Charlotte Russe178
504    Chocolate Marshmallow Roll179
502    Cream Pie178
492    Date175
493    Fudge175
508    Ginger Apple180
506    Gingerbread, with Egg179
505    Gingerbread, without Egg179
507    Gingerbread, Sour Milk180
509    Ginger Gems180
503    Jelly Roll178
494    Old-Fashioned Pork175
495    One-Egg176
496    Orange176
497    Plain176
498    Spice177
500    Sponge177
501    Velvet Sponge178
499    White177
Caloric Value, Tables of245, 250
Calorie defined2
Calories, Daily Requirement2
414Cambridge Muffins151
491Canada War Cake174
2Canapés, Asheville17
3Canapés, Club17
4Canapés, Crab Meat18
6Canapés, Gloucester18
5Canapés, Mock Crab18
7Canapés, Tuna18
673Candied Grape Fruit Peel228
Candies11
Candies
693    Apricot Paste234
686    Bonbon Centers233
688    Chocolate Bonbons233
687    Fondant Bonbons233
685    Fondant, Coffee232
689    Fondant, Mint233
684    Fondant, Plain232
690    Fondant, Quick233
696    Fruit Wafers236
700    Marrons Glacés237
694    Mint Paste235
692    Mints, After-dinner234
691    Mints, Quick234
701    Nuts and Fruits Glacé237
697    Spiced Raisins236
698    Stuffed Dates236
699    Stuffed Prunes236
695    Turkish Delight235
Candle Stubs12
Canned Vegetables8
11Cantaloupe Cocktail19
590Canton Ginger Sherbet206
186Caper Sauce81
522Caramel Icing184
601Caramel Sauce209
547Caramel Toast Pudding191
Carbohydrates1
Carbohydrates, Uses1
Carbohydrates, Sources1
Carbohydrates, Daily Requirement1
256Carrots Sautéed103
257Carrots Vinaigrette103
39Cauliflower28
449Celery and Egg Sandwiches163
252Celery, Braised102
40Celery, Cream of29
245Celery, Nut, and Potato Loaf98
8Celery Relish19
253Celery Root, Creamed102
355Celery Root Salad131
187Celery Sauce82
462Celery Toast166
Cereals8
308    Corn Meal and Beef Scrapple117
293    Corn Meal Mush113
294    Hominy, Steamed113
295    Macaroni and Cheese, Scalloped113
297    Noodle Balls (for Soup)114
296    Noodle Paste114
298    Oatmeal, Scotch114
301    Polenta, French Fried115
302    Polenta, Spanish116
299    Polenta with Cheese115
300    Polenta with Dates115
305    Rice and Cocoanut Loaf117
303    Rice and Ham, Baked116
304    Rice, Boiled116
306    Risotto117
307    Samp, Steamed117
310    Spaghetti and Ham, Baked118
311    Spaghetti, Creole118
312    Spaghetti, Italian119
309    Wheat and Sausage Scrapple118
503Charlotte Russe, Cake for178
562Charlotte Russe Filling197
Cheese7
9Cheese and Apple Rings19
450Cheese and Nut Sandwiches163
237Cheese, Baked Rice with96
317Cheese Balls120
451Cheese Club Sandwiches163
234Cheese, Cottage96
235Cheese, Crackers and, Baked96
318Cheese Croquettes121
231Cheese Croustades95
232Cheese Custard95
511Cheese Drops181
233Cheese Fondue95
415Cheese Muffins151
236Cheese Paste96
188Cheese Sauce82
189Cheese Sauce with Chives82
238Cheese, Scalloped, Toast and97
42Cheese Soup29
10Cheese, Spanish19
654Cheese Straws223
655Cheese Straws (Left-over Paste)223
465Cheese Toast167
239Cheese Tomato Rarebit97
656Cheese Wafers223
512Cheese Wafers181
240Cheese Welsh Rarebit97
631Cherry Pie217
632Cherry Pie, Mock217
244Chestnuts, Baked98
243Chestnuts, to Shell98
56Chicken and Okra Soup35
55Chicken, Cream of35
162Chicken Livers and Bacon72
345Chicken Salad129
452Chicken Sandwiches164
13Chili Sauce, Winter20
33Chocolate26
563Chocolate Blancmange197
688Chocolate Bonbons233
513Chocolate Cookies181
581Chocolate Ice Cream203
523Chocolate Icing184
504Chocolate Marshmallow Roll179
603Chocolate Marshmallow, Sauce209
602Chocolate Sauce209
Chowders
75    Clam43
76    Corn43
77    Corn and Tomato44
78    Fish44
79    Oyster45
80    Potato45
81    Salmon45
82    Salt Fish46
83    Vegetable46
591Cider Frappé206
190Cider Sauce82
487Cider Sirup173
Cinders13
657Cinnamon Hearts223
604Cinnamon Sauce210
466Cinnamon Toast167
57Clam Bisque36
58Clam Bouillon36
75Clam Chowder43
59Clear Soup36
3Club Canapés17
12Cocktail, Fruit19
11Cocktail, Cantaloupe19
1Cocktail Sauce17
32Cocoa26
582Cocoa Ice Cream204
524Cocoa Icing185
564Coconut and Orange Jelly198
113Codfish, Creamed55
118Codfish, Spanish56
84Cod Steaks, Baked47
30Coffee, After-dinner25
569Coffee and Rice Jelly199
428Coffee Cake, Quick155
565Coffee Caramel Custards198
530Coffee Cream Filling186
20Coffee, Egg, and Milk23
29Coffee, Filtered25
583Coffee Ice Cream204
525Coffee Icing185
566Coffee Junket198
605Coffee Sauce210
Coloring10
Condiments12
Cookies
510    Bran Drop180
511    Cheese Drops181
512    Cheese Wafers181
513    Chocolate181
514    Ginger Wafers182
517    Macaroons, Oatmeal182
518    Macaroons, Peanut183
515    Marshmallow Wafers182
516    Molasses Brownies182
519    Raisin Drop183
520    Walnut Wafers183
Cooking, Kinds of, defined15
Cooking Fats6
Cooking, Time Tables for240
77Corn and Tomato Chowder44
406Corn Bread, Country149
410Corn Bread, Molasses150
405Corn Bread, without Eggs148
409Corn Cake, Custard150
411Corn Cake, Rhode Island150
76Corn Chowder43
41Corn, Cream of29
327Corn Fritters123
308Corn Meal and Beef Scrapple117
478Corn Meal Griddle Cakes170
293Corn Meal Mush113
425Corn Meal Rolls154
483Corn Meal Waffles172
407Corn Muffins149
393Corn Muffins, Raised144
254Corn Pudding102
408Corn and Rice Muffins149
346Coronado Salad129
234Cottage Cheese96
549Cottage Pudding192
5Crab Canapés, Mock18
4Crab Meat Canapés18
235Crackers and Cheese, Baked96
668Cranberry Conserve226
328Cranberry Fritters124
416Cranberry Muffins152
633Cranberry Pie217
634Cranberry Pie (Open)217
545Cranberry Pudding, Baked191
671Cranberry Sauce227
606Cranberry Sauce (Pudding)210
592Cranberry Sherbet206
567Cranberry Whip199
Cream6
370Cream Cheese Salad136
371Cream Cheese Salad, Frozen136
40Cream of Celery Soup29
55Cream of Chicken Soup35
41Cream of Corn Soup29
46Cream of Pea Soup31
531Cream Filling186
526Cream Icing185
502Cream Pie178
463Cream Toast166
464Cream Toast, Sauce for166
96Creamed Fish50
213Creamy Eggs on Toast88
218Creamy Omelet90
214Creole Eggs89
191Creole Sauce83
388Crescents142
475Crisp Sticks169
Croquettes
192Croquette Sauce83
318    Cheese121
317    Cheese Balls120
319    Fish121
320    Meat121
321    Potato and Bean122
322    Rice122
323    Rice and Raisin122
324    Salmon and Potato122
473Croustades168
231Croustades, Cheese95
474Croutons169
417Crumb Muffins152
472Crumbs, Buttered168
315Crumbs for Fried Food120
209Crust Stuffing87
17Cucumber Pickles21
193Cucumber Sauce83
255Cucumbers Sautéed103
608Currant Jelly Sauce210
555Custard, Baked Rice194
232Custard, Cheese95
565Custard, Coffee Caramel198
635Custard Pie218
607Custard Sauce210


663Dark Red Apple Sauce225
444Date and Apple Shortcake161
532Date and Fig Filling186
380Date Bread139
400Date Bread147
404Date Bread, Steamed148
492Date Cake175
394Date Muffins, Raised144
418Date Muffins152
427Date Rolls154
609Date Sauce211
Desserts, Cold
558    Banana Royal196
559    Banana Whip196
560    Banana and Grape Juice Jelly196
561    Blackberry Mold197
562    Charlotte Russe Filling197
563    Chocolate Blancmange197
564    Coconut and Orange Jelly198
569    Coffee and Rice Jelly199
565    Coffee Caramel Custards198
566    Coffee Junket198
567    Cranberry Whip199
568    Custard, Soft199
570    Fruit Cream199
571    Fruit Jelly, Spiced200
572    Fruit Whip200
573    Pineapple Pudding200
575    Prune and Wheat Mold201
574    Prune Whip200
576    Prunes and Cranberries, Jellied201
577    Rice Mold202
578    Sea Moss Blancmange202
Desserts, Frozen
579    Ices, to Freeze203
590    Canton Ginger Sherbet206
581    Chocolate Ice Cream203
591    Cider Frappé206
582    Cocoa Ice Cream204
583    Coffee Ice Cream204
592    Cranberry and Raisin Sherbet206
580    Frozen Custard203
600    Frozen Watermelon208
593    Fruit Sherbet206
594    Grape Bombe207
595    Grape Sherbet207
596    Jelly Sherbet207
584    Mint Ice Cream204
585    Orange Velvet Cream204
586    Philadelphia Ice Cream205
597    Pineapple Sherbet207
587    Prune Ice Cream205
598    Somerset Sherbet208
588    Strawberry Ice Cream205
599    Strawberry Sherbet208
589    Vanilla Ice Cream205
Desserts, Hot
539    Apple Cake, Dutch189
508    Apple Cake, Ginger180
540    Apple Pudding, Steamed190
538    Apple Roulettes189
541    Banana Toast190
542    Blackberry Pudding190
543    Blueberry Pudding190
544    Brown Betty190
547    Caramel Toast Pudding191
548    Chocolate Pudding, Steamed192
549    Cottage Pudding192
545    Cranberry Pudding, Baked191
550    Fig Pudding, Steamed192
551    Fruit Pudding, Steamed193
546    Indian Pudding, Baked191
553    Indian Tapioca Pudding194
552    Mock Indian Pudding193
557    Mulled Rice195
554    Peach Dumplings194
555    Rice Custard, Baked194
556    Rice Pudding, Baked194
331Doughnuts125
332Doughnuts, Small Tea125
471Doughnuts, Stale, to Freshen168
194Drawn Butter83
479Dried Crumb Griddle Cakes171
658Dried Fruit to cook224
38Dried Lima Bean Soup28
429Drop Biscuit, Quick155
Dry Steaming defined16
72Dumplings41
554Dumplings, Peach194
356Dutch Potato Salad132


Economy, General Suggestions for. See Chapter I1
22Eggnog23
Eggs6
Eggs, see also Omelets90
212    Boiled88
213    Creamy, on Toast88
214    Creole89
316    Egg for Dipping Fried Food120
224    Scalloped, with Cheese92
225    Scrambled, with Sausages93
226    Scrambled, with Tomatoes93
227    Shirred93
228    Shirred, with Ham93
230    Shirred, with Potato and Ham94
229    Souffléed, with Ham Toast94
215    with Cheese and Spaghetti89
216    with Ham and Tomatoes89
258Egg Plant, Baked103
259Egg Plant, Fried103
260Egg Plant, Julienne104
195Egg Sauce84
430Entire Wheat Biscuit155
379Entire Wheat Bread139
437Entire Wheat Popovers158
Extracts, flavoring10


Fat5
Fat, Temperatures for Frying244
313Fat, To Clarify120
314Fat, To Try Out120
Fats as Food, Chief Uses1
Fats as Food, Chief Sources1
Fats as Food, Daily Requirement1
Fats as Food, Cooking6
672Fig Paste227
Fillings
529    Apple186
530    Coffee Cream186
531    Cream186
532    Date and Fig186
533    Fudge187
534    Marshmallow187
535    Mocha187
536    Orange187
537    Prune188
29Filtered Coffee25
105Finnan Haddie, Baked in Milk53
109Finnan Haddie, Broiled54
Fireless Cooker13
Fish5
Fish,
84    Cod Steaks, Baked47
113    Creamed Codfish55
96    Creamed50
105    Finnan Haddie, Baked53
109    Finnan Haddie, Broiled54
87    Flounder, Fried Fillet48
103    Fried Scallops52
85    Haddock, Baked Stuffed47
86    Halibut, Boiled47
106    Herring, Baked53
111    Herring, Broiled54
107    Mackerel, Baked Salt, Spiced53
92    Oyster Pie, Creamed49
94    Oyster Pie Shortcake50
93    Oysters and Macaroni49
89    Oysters, Broiled48
91    Oysters, Creamed49
95    Oysters, Panned50
90    Oysters, with Brown Sauce48
102    Salmon and Peas, Soufflé52
112    Salmon, Broiled Smoked54
99    Salmon, Creole51
100    Salmon, Dutch51
101    Salmon Loaf52
108    Salt Codfish Baked with Crackers54
110    Salt Codfish, Broiled54
117    Salt Codfish, Soufflé56
88    Sautéed with Salt Pork48
104    Shrimps and Rice, Louisiana53
118    Spanish Codfish56
98    Timbales51
    Warmed over50
97Fish and Potato Pie50
115Fish Balls55
114Fish Cakes with Pork Scraps55
78Fish Chowder44
319Fish Croquettes121
116Fish Hash56
210Fish Stuffing87
Flavoring Extracts10
87Flounder, Fried Fillet of48
687Fondant Bonbons233
685Fondant, Coffee224
689Fondant Mints233
684Fondant, Plain232
690Fondant, Quick233
233Fondue, Cheese95
Food Classified1
Food Daily Requirement2
Food Government Publications254
140Fowl, Brown Fricassee64
220French Cheese Omelet91
338French Dressing127
301French Fried Potatoes115
219French Omelet90
467French Toast167
Fricasseeing defined15
381Fried Bread139
Fritters
325    Apple, Sliced123
326    Banana123
327    Corn123
328    Cranberry124
329    Rice and Currant124
330    Salmon124
580Frozen Custard203
Fruit
663    Apple Sauce, Dark Red225
659    Baked Apples, with Dates224
664    Baked Bananas225
674    Baked Pears228
678    Baked Rhubarb and Bananas229
665    Bananas, with Figs and Nuts226
666    Bar-le-Duc Currants, Mock226
673    Candied Grape Fruit Peel228
668    Cranberry Conserve226
671    Cranberry Sauce227
658    Dried, to Cook224
672    Fig Paste, Laxative227
660    Grape and Apple Jelly224
662    Grape and Apple Sauce225
682    Jam, Red Tomato230
675    Marmalade, Pear and Ginger228
680    Marmalade, Rhubarb and Fig230
679    Marmalade, Rhubarb and Orange229
681    Marmalade, Three in One230
670    Preserved Cranberries227
677    Quince Honey229
667    Red Currant Conserve226
661    Spiced Apple Jelly225
669    Spiced Cranberries227
676    Spiced Prunes229
683    Watermelon Rind, Sweet Pickled231
12Fruit Cocktail19
570Fruit Cream199
610Fruit Sauce211
593Fruit Sherbet206
43Fruit Soup30
431Fruit Tea Biscuit156
696Fruit Wafers236
572Fruit Whip200
Fruits10
Frying defined15
493Fudge Cake175
533Fudge Filling187
Fuel13


Garnishings12
Gas13
17Gherkins21
453Giblet Sandwiches164
24Ginger Ale Punch24
508Ginger Apple Cake180
509Ginger Gems180
23Ginger Punch24
611Ginger Sauce211
514Ginger Wafers182
507Gingerbread, Sour Milk180
506Gingerbread, with Egg179
505Gingerbread, without Egg179
6Gloucester Canapés18
468Goldenrod Ham Toast167
648Gooseberry Patties221
636Gooseberry Pie218
Government Publications on Food254
382Graham and Corn Bread140
432Graham Biscuit156
438Graham Popovers158
594Grape Bombe207
22Grape Eggnog23
21Grape Juice23
662Grape Juice and Apple Sauce225
595Grape Sherbet207
Griddle Cakes
478    Corn Meal170
479    Dried Crumb171
476    Plain170
481    Raised Buckwheat171
480    Rice171
477    Sour Milk170
Grilling defined15
Groceries5


85Haddock, Baked Stuffed47
86Halibut, Boiled47
454Ham and Cheese Sandwiches164
171Ham and Potato, Baked76
153Ham, Baked Sliced69
152Ham, Broiled69
172Ham Mousse76
221Ham Omelet91
129Hamburg Meat Cakes61
612Hard Sauce211
173Hash, Corned Beef, with Beets76
116Hash, Fish56
18Hash, Pepper22
174Hash, Savory, Baked77
175Hash, Southern77
292Hash, Vegetable112
106Herring, Baked53
111Herring, Smoked Broiled54
196Hollandaise Sauce84
294Hominy, Steamed113
677Honey, Quince229
197Horseradish Sauce84


28Iced Tea25
Ices, See Frozen Deserts
Icings
521    Boiled184
522    Caramel184
523    Chocolate184
524    Cocoa185
525    Coffee185
526    Cream185
527    Orange185
528    Quick185
553Indian Tapioca Pudding194
383Irish Bread140
71Irish Stew with Dumplings40


682Jam, Red Tomato230
333Jam Cakes, Fried125
433Jam Rolls156
576Jellied Prunes and Cranberries201
Jelly
560    Banana and Grape196
564    Coconut and Orange198
569    Coffee and Rice199
660    Grape and Apple224
661    Spiced Apple225
571    Spiced Fruit200
503Jelly Roll, Cake for178
596Jelly Sherbet207
60Julienne Soup37


16Ketchup Tomato21
165Kidneys, Devilled73
164Kidneys in Brown Sauce73
Kitchen Equipment12


73Lamb Broth with Spaghetti41
135Lamb, Brown Fricassee63
136Lamb, Casserole of63
137Lamb Chops63
138Lamb Cutlets64
139Lamb, Rolled Roast64
357Leek Salad132
261Leeks, Creamed104
Left-over Vegetables8
637Lemon Pie218
613Lemon Sauce211
488Lemon Sirup173
26Lemonade, Mint24
222Light Omelet91
249Lima Bean Loaf101
38Lima Bean Soup, Dried28
163Liver, Lamb's, and Bacon73
160Liver, Braised72
161Liver, Brown Fricassee72
176Liver Patties77
131Loaf, Beef61
245Loaf, Celery, Nut, and Potato98
154Loaf, Ham69
249Loaf, Lima Bean101
246Loaf, Nut99
305Loaf, Rice and Coconut117
101Loaf, Salmon52
157Loaf, Veal, Baked70
158Loaf, Veal, Boiled71


Macaroni8
295Macaroni and Cheese, Scalloped113
93Macaroni, Oysters and49
517Macaroons, Oatmeal182
518Macaroons, Peanut183
107Mackerel, Baked Salt (Spiced)53
Marketing3
638Marlborough Pie218
675Marmalade, Pear and Ginger228
681Marmalade, Three in One230
700Marrons Glacés237
534Marshmallow Filling187
455Marshmallow Sandwiches164
614Marshmallow Sauce212
515Marshmallow Wafers182
339Mayonnaise Dressing127
Meals, Planning1
Meat3
347Meat and Potato Salad129
320Meat Croquettes121
Meats
134    American Chop Suey62
171    Baked Ham and Potato76
153    Baked Sliced Ham69
130    Beef and Bacon Cakes61
131    Beef Loaf61
160    Braised Liver72
151    Breakfast Bacon69
128    Broiled Chopped Beef60
126    Broiled Flank Steak60
152    Broiled Ham69
140    Brown Fricassee of Fowl64
135    Brown Fricassee of Lamb63
161    Brown Fricassee of Liver72
132    Casserole of Beef62
136    Casserole of Lamb63
145    Casserole of Rabbit and Okra67
162    Chicken Livers and Bacon72
142    Chicken Pie65
173    Corned Beef Hash with Beets76
144    Country Club Rabbit66
133    Creamed Dried Beef with Cheese62
165    Devilled Kidneys73
163    Fried Lamb's Liver and Bacon73
154    Ham Loaf69
172    Ham Mousse76
129    Hamburg Meat Cakes61
137    Lamb Chops63
138    Lamb Cutlets64
164    Lambs' Kidneys in Brown Sauce73
176    Liver Patties77
179    Meat Shortcake79
178    Meat Soufflé78
177    Meat and Tomato Pie78
147    Pork Chops68
122    Pot Roast of Beef58
159    Potted Head71
143    Potted Pigeons66
119    Pressed Beef57
120    Pressed Corn Beef57
121    Roast Beef58
155    Roast Breast of Veal70
141    Roast Fowl65
146    Roast Pork67
139    Rolled Roast of Lamb64
148    Sausage Cakes68
149    Sausage Cakes with Apple68
150    Sausage with Oysters and Eggs68
169    Savory Beef75
174    Savory Hash (Baked)77
170    Scalloped Corned Beef75
123    Shin of Beef, Creole Sauce59
175    Southern Hash77
166    Spanish Tripe74
125    Steak, to Broil59
127    Steak, Country Style60
124    Stuffed Shin of Beef59
167    Tripe Fried in Batter74
168    Tripe Fried in Crumbs74
157    Veal Loaf, Baked70
158    Veal Loaf, Boiled71
156    Veal with Vegetables70
627Meringue for Tarts and Pies216
628Meringue, One-Egg216
Milk6
20Milk, Coffee, Egg, and23
624Mince Meat215
625Mince Meat, Mock215
626Mince Meat, Green Tomato215
639Mince Pie219
25Mint Julep (Ginger Ale)24
26Mint Lemonade24
584Mint Ice Cream204
694Mint Paste235
198Mint Sauce84
692Mints, After-dinner234
691Mints, Quick234
535Mocha Filling187
615Mocha Sauce212
666Mock Bar-le-Duc Currants226
632Mock Cherry Pie217
5Mock Crab Canapés18
456Mock Crab Sandwiches164
552Mock Indian Pudding193
61Mock Turtle Soup37
Moist Steaming defined16
516Molasses Brownies182
Muffins, Baking Powder
412    Blueberry151
413    Bran151
422    Buttermilk153
414    Cambridge151
415    Cheese151
407    Corn149
408    Corn and Rice149
416    Cranberry152
417    Crumb152
418    Date152
419    Plain152
420    Rye153
423    Sally Lunn153
421    Sour Milk153
Muffins, Yeast
392    Raised143
393    Raised Corn144
394    Raised Date144
395    Raised Oatmeal144
471Muffins, Stale, to Freshen168
557Mulled Rice195
199Mushroom Sauce84
62Mushroom Soup37
459Mustard Butter165
200Mustard Pickle Sauce85


19Nasturtium Seeds, Pickled22
297Noodle Balls (for Soup)114
296Noodle Paste114
Noodles8
Normal Weights for Men and Women, Table of253
401Nut Bread, Dark147
Nuts
241    Almonds, Salted97
245    Celery, Nut, and Potato Loaf98
244    Chestnuts, Baked98
243    Chestnuts, to Shell98
246    Loaf99
700    Marrons Glacés237
701    Nuts and Fruits Glacé237
242    Peanut Butter98


298Oatmeal, Scotch114
384Oatmeal Bread140
517Oatmeal Macaroons182
395Oatmeal Muffins, Raised144
44Oatmeal Soup30
484Oatmeal Waffles172
Oleomargarine6
Omelets
217    Bread90
218    Creamy90
219    French90
220    French Cheese91
221    Ham91
222    Light91
223    Salmon92
495One-Egg Cake176
352Onion Salad131
63Onion Soup38
363Onion, Spanish, and Tomato Salad134
262Onions in Potato Nests104
373Orange and Cress Salad136
496Orange Cake176
536Orange Filling187
527Orange Icing185
616Orange Marmalade Sauce212
201Orange Mint Sauce85
640Orange Pie219
489Orange Sirup173
585Orange Velvet Cream204
79Oyster Chowder45
92Oyster Pie, Creamed49
282Oyster Plant, Creamed109
94Oyster Shortcake50
64Oyster Stew38
65Oyster and Celery Bouillon38
93Oysters and Macaroni49
89Oysters, Broiled48
91Oysters, Creamed49
95Oysters, Panned50
90Oysters with Brown Sauce48


Pan-Baking defined15
Pan-Broiling defined15
95Panned Oysters50
389Parker House Rolls142
Pastry
629    Apple Pie, Sliced216
647    Banbury Tarts221
630    Blueberry Pie216
654    Cheese Straws223
655    Cheese Straws (Left-over Paste)223
656    Cheese Wafers223
631    Cherry Pie217
632    Cherry Pie, Mock217
657    Cinnamon Hearts223
633    Cranberry Pie217
634    Cranberry Pie (Open)217
635    Custard Pie218
648    Gooseberry Patties221
636    Gooseberry Pie218
637    Lemon Pie218
638    Marlborough Pie218
639    Mince Pie219
640    Orange Pie219
621    Patty Shells214
622    Pie Shell214
641    Pineapple Pie219
619    Plain Paste213
649    Prune and Apple Tart221
650    Prune Patties222
642    Prune Pie220
643    Pumpkin Pie220
644    Raisin Pie220
651    Raspberry Pie (Individual)222
645    Rhubarb Pie220
652    Rhubarb Meringue Patties222
620    Rich Paste213
653    Squash Patties222
646    Squash Pie221
623    Tart Shells214
46Pea Soup, Cream of31
47Peas, Purée of Split31
554Peach Dumplings194
242Peanut Butter98
518Peanut Macaroons183
457Peanut Sandwich Filling165
211Peanut Stuffing87
374Pear Salad137
264Peas and Lettuce105
263Peas, Green104
358Pepper and Cabbage Salad132
18Pepper Hash22
265Peppers, Stuffed Green105
586Philadelphia Ice Cream205
14Piccalilli20
19Pickled Nasturtium Seeds22
17Pickles, Cucumber21
Pie. See Pastry
142Pie, Chicken65
97Pie, Fish and Potato50
177Pie, Meat and Tomato78
627Pie, Meringue for216
92Pie, Oyster49
622Pie Shell214
143Pigeons, Potted66
376Pineapple and Cottage Cheese Salad137
375Pineapple, Cheese, and Date Salad137
641Pineapple Pie219
573Pineapple Pudding200
597Pineapple Sherbet207
497Plain Cake176
419Plain Muffins152
619Plain Paste213
Planning Meals1
301Polenta, French Fried115
302Polenta, Spanish116
299Polenta with Cheese115
300Polenta with Dates115
436Popovers157
437Popovers, Entire Wheat158
438Popovers, Graham158
494Pork Cake175
147Pork Chops68
146Pork, Roast67
321Potato and Bean Croquettes122
80Potato Chowder45
269Potato Croutons106
359Potato Salad132
45Potato Soup30
280Potato, Sweet, Custard109
267Potatoes, Baked106
266Potatoes, Boiled105
268Potatoes, Creamed106
270Potatoes, French Fried106
271Potatoes, Hashed Brown106
272Potatoes, Lyonnaise107
273Potatoes, Pan-Roasted107
274Potatoes, Scalloped, with Cheese107
275Potatoes, Scalloped, with Peppers and Cheese107
276Potatoes, Stuffed, with Cheese and Bacon108
277Potatoes, Stuffed with Nuts and Bacon108
278Potatoes, Sweet, French Fried108
279Potatoes, Sweet, glazed109
281Potatoes, Sweet, stuffed109
Pot-Roasting defined15
159Potted Head71
670Preserved Cranberries227
Protein, Chief Uses1
Protein, Chief Sources1
Protein, Daily Requirement1
445Prune and Apple Shortcake161
649Prune and Apple Tart221
575Prune and Wheat Mold201
537Prune Filling188
587Prune Ice Cream205
650Prune Patties222
642Prune Pie220
574Prune Whip200
Publications on Food, List of254
542Pudding, Blackberry190
543Pudding, Blueberry190
544Pudding, Brown Betty190
547Pudding, Caramel Toast191
548Pudding, Chocolate, Steamed192
549Pudding, Cottage192
545Pudding, Cranberry, Baked191
550Pudding, Fig, Steamed192
551Pudding, Fruit, Steamed193
546Pudding, Indian, Baked191
553Pudding, Indian Tapioca194
552Pudding, Mock Indian193
573Pudding, Pineapple200
556Pudding, Rice, Baked194
439Puffs, Breakfast158
643Pumpkin Pie220
24Punch, Ginger Ale24
23Punch, Ginger24
35Purée of Black Beans27
37Purée of Red Kidney Beans28
47Purée of Split Peas31


528Quick Icing185
677Quince Honey229


145Rabbit, Casserole of, and Okra67
144Rabbit, Country Club66
481Raised Buckwheat Cakes171
393Raised Corn Muffins144
392Raised Muffins143
402Raisin Bread147
458Raisin Bread and Cheese Sandwiches165
519Raisin Drop Cookies183
644Raisin Pie220
239Rarebit, Tomato97
240Rarebit, Welsh97
651Raspberry Pie, Individual222
667Red Currant Conserve226
8Relish, Celery19
Relishes, See Appetizers and Relishes
680Rhubarb and Fig Marmalade230
679Rhubarb and Orange Marmalade229
652Rhubarb Meringue Patties222
645Rhubarb Pie220
Rice8
305Rice and Coconut Loaf117
329Rice and Currant Fritters124
303Rice and Ham, Baked116
323Rice and Raisin Croquettes122
48Rice and Tomato Soup31
237Rice Baked, with Cheese96
304Rice Boiled116
322Rice Croquettes122
480Rice Griddle Cakes171
577Rice Mold202
557Rice, Mulled195
485Rice Waffles172
620Rich Paste213
9Rings, Cheese and Apple19
306Risotto117
Roasting defined16
204Roast Goose, Sauce for85
204Roast Pork, Sauce for85
Rolls, Baking Powder
426    Bacon Sandwich154
425    Corn Meal154
427    Date154
433    Jam156
Rolls, Yeast
389    Parker House142
390    Shamrock143
471    Stale, to Freshen168
391    Swedish Coffee143
Roulettes
538    Apple189
447    Cheese162
447    Devilled Ham162
447    Fruit162
447    Marmalade162
447    Peanut Butter162
396    Raised145
447    Raisin and Nut162
341Russian Dressing128
385Rye Bread141
420Rye Muffins153


Salads8
366    Apple and Mint135
351    Baked Bean130
367    Banana and Apple135
368    Banana and Peanut135
369    Bellevue135
352    Bermuda Onion131
353    Cabbage and Beet131
354    Cabbage and Cranberry131
355    Celery Root131
345    Chicken129
346    Coronado129
370    Cream Cheese136
371    Cream Cheese, Frozen136
356    Dutch Potato132
357    Leek132
347    Meat and Potato129
373    Orange and Cress136
374    Pear137
358    Pepper and Cabbage132
375    Pineapple, Cheese, and Date137
376    Pineapple and Cottage Cheese137
359    Potato132
348    Salmon130
361    Samoset133
349    Shrimp130
362    Spanish133
363    Spanish Onion and Tomato134
360    Sweet Potato133
364    Tomato Jelly134
350    Tuna130
365    Vegetable134
372    Waldorf, Jellied136
Salad Dressings8
334    Cooked126
335    Cooked, Evaporated Milk126
336    Currant Jelly127
337    Devilled Ham127
338    French127
339    Mayonnaise127
340    Potato Mayonnaise128
343    Quick Mayonnaise128
341    Russian128
342    Sour Cream128
344    Uncooked, Condensed Milk129
423Sally Lunn153
102Salmon and Peas Soufflé52
324Salmon and Potato Croquettes122
66Salmon Bisque39
81Salmon Chowder45
99Salmon Creole51
100Salmon Dutch51
330Salmon Fritters124
101Salmon Loaf52
223Salmon Omelet92
348Salmon Salad130
112Salmon, Smoked Broiled54
282Salsify, Creamed109
108Salt Codfish Baked with Crackers54
110Salt Fish, Broiled54
82Salt Fish Chowder46
117Salt Fish Soufflé56
361Samoset Salad133
307Samp, Steamed117
Sandwiches
448    Baked Bean and Lettuce163
449    Celery and Egg163
450    Cheese and Nut163
451    Cheese Club163
452    Chicken164
453    Giblet164
454    Ham and Cheese164
455    Marshmallow164
456    Mock Crab164
458    Raisin Bread and Cheese165
457Sandwich Filling, Peanut165
1Sauce, Cocktail17
Sauces for Desserts
601    Caramel209
602    Chocolate209
603    Chocolate Marshmallow209
604    Cinnamon210
605    Coffee210
606    Cranberry210
608    Currant Jelly210
607    Custard210
609    Date211
610    Fruit211
611    Ginger211
612    Hard211
613    Lemon211
614    Marshmallow212
615    Mocha212
616    Orange Marmalade212
617    Soft212
618    Strawberry212
Sauces for Fish and Meat
180    Anchovy80
181    Banana80
182    Bechamel80
183    Black Butter81
184    Bread81
185    Brown81
186    Caper81
187    Celery82
188    Cheese82
189    Cheese with Chives82
190    Cider82
191    Creole83
192    Croquette83
193    Cucumber83
194    Drawn Butter83
195    Egg84
196    Hollandaise84
197    Horseradish84
198    Mint84
199    Mushroom84
200    Mustard Pickle85
201    Orange Mint85
204    for Roast Goose85
204    for Roast Pork85
205    Sharp86
206    Soubise86
15    Table20
202    Tartare85
203    Tomato85
207    White86
13    Winter Chili20
148Sausage Cakes68
149Sausage Cakes Baked with Apple68
150Sausages with Oysters and Eggs68
Sautéing defined16
224Scalloped Eggs with Cheese92
238Scalloped Toast and Cheese97
103Scallops, Fried52
434Scones, Potato157
435Scones, Scotch157
298Scotch Oatmeal114
74Scotch Broth41
225Scrambled Eggs with Sausages93
226Scrambled Eggs with Tomato93
308Scrapple, Corn Meal and Beef117
309Scrapple, Wheat, and Sausage118
578Sea Moss Blancmange202
227Shirred Eggs93
228Shirred Eggs with Ham93
230Shirred Eggs with Potato and Ham94
Shortcakes
441    Shortcake160
442    Apple and Cranberry160
443    Banana161
444    Date and Apple161
179    Meat79
94    Oyster50
445    Prune and Apple161
446    Strawberry161
Shortening5
386Shredded Wheat Bread141
349Shrimp Salad130
104Shrimps and Rice, Louisiana53
Simmering defined16
Sirups
486    Brown Sugar172
487    Cider173
488    Lemon173
489    Orange173
629Sliced Apple Pie216
568Soft Custard199
617Soft Sauce212
598Somerset Sherbet208
206Soubise Sauce86
178Soufflé, Meat78
102Soufflé, Salmon and Peas52
229Souffléed Egg with Ham Toast94
Soups without Meat
34    Asparagus27
36    Baked Bean28
35    Black Bean27
39    Cauliflower28
42    Cheese29
40    Cream of Celery29
41    Cream of Corn29
46    Cream of Pea31
38    Dried Lima Bean28
43    Fruit30
44    Oatmeal30
45    Potato30
47    Purée of Split Peas31
37    Red Kidney Bean28
48    Rice and Tomato31
50    Tomato Bouillon32
49    Tomato Bisque32
51    Tomato and Oatmeal33
52    Tomato and Peanut33
54    Vegetable34
53    Windsor33
Soups and Stews with Meat or Fish
70    Beef Stew40
56    Chicken and Okra35
57    Clam Bisque36
58    Clam Bouillon36
59    Clear36
55    Cream of Chicken35
71    Irish Stew with Dumplings40
60    Julienne37
73    Lamb Broth with Spaghetti41
61    Mock Turtle37
62    Mushroom37
63    Onion38
65    Oyster and Celery Bouillon38
64    Oyster Stew38
66    Salmon Bisque39
74    Scotch Broth41
67    Soup Stock39
68    Tomato Tapioca39
69    Tuna40
342Sour Cream Dressing128
507Sour Milk Gingerbread180
477Sour Milk Griddle Cakes170
421Sour Milk Muffins153
254Southern Corn Pudding102
310Spaghetti and Ham, Baked118
311Spaghetti, Creole118
312Spaghetti, Italian119
10Spanish Cheese19
302Spanish Polenta116
362Spanish Salad133
498Spice Cake177
669Spiced Cranberries227
571Spiced Fruit Jelly200
676Spiced Prunes229
697Spiced Raisins236
283Spinach110
500Sponge Cake117
501Sponge Cake, Velvet178
284Squash, Baked Winter110
653Squash Patties222
646Squash Pie221
471Stale Bread, to Freshen168
125Steak, to Broil59
Steaming defined16
548Steamed Chocolate Pudding192
550Steamed Fig Pudding192
551Steamed Fruit Pudding193
Stewing defined16
Stock Pot4
588Strawberry Ice Cream205
618Strawberry Sauce212
599Strawberry Sherbet208
446Strawberry Shortcake161
698Stuffed Dates236
699Stuffed Prunes236
Stuffings
208    Bread86
209    Crust87
210    Fish87
211    Peanut87
285Succotash110
469Sunday Toast167
360Sweet Potato Salad133


15Table Sauce20
202Tartare Sauce85
647Tarts, Banbury221
627Tarts, Meringue for216
623Tart Shells214
27Tea25
28Tea, Iced25
Temperatures for Cooking, Table of243
98Timbales, Fish51
Toasts
460    Brewis165
461    Brown Bread165
462    Celery166
465    Cheese167
466    Cinnamon167
463    Cream166
464    Cream, Sauce for166
475    Crisp Sticks169
473    Croustades168
474    Croutons169
467    French167
468    Goldenrod Ham167
469    Sunday167
470    Tomato Cream, with Egg168
51Tomato and Oatmeal Soup33
52Tomato and Peanut Soup33
49Tomato Bisque32
50Tomato Bouillon32
470Tomato Cream Toast with Egg168
287Tomato Custard111
364Tomato Jelly Salad134
16Tomato Ketchup21
48Tomato, Rice and, Soup31
203Tomato Sauce85
68Tomato Tapioca Soup39
286Tomatoes, Baked111
288Tomatoes, Fried Green111
289Tomatoes, Stewed111
290Tomatoes, Stuffed112
167Tripe Fried in Batter74
168Tripe Fried in Crumbs74
166Tripe, Spanish74
7Tuna Canapés18
350Tuna Salad130
69Tuna Soup40
695Turkish Delight235
291Turnips, Creamed112


Utensils, Kitchen12


589Vanilla Ice Cream205
157Veal Loaf (Baked)70
158Veal Loaf (Boiled)71
155Veal, Roast Breast, Stuffed70
156Veal with Vegetables70
83Vegetable Chowder46
365Vegetable Salad134
54Vegetable Soup34
Vegetables
247    Baked Beans100
250    Baked Cabbage101
248    Beans, Thick Purée of Black100
252    Braised Celery102
251    Cabbage Cooked in Milk101
256    Carrots Sautéed103
257    Carrots Vinaigrette103
254    Corn Pudding102
253    Creamed Celery, Root102
255    Cucumbers Sautéed103
258    Egg Plant, Baked103
259    Egg Plant, Fried103
260    Egg Plant Julienne104
292    Hash112
261    Leeks, Creamed104
249    Lima Bean Loaf101
262    Onions in Potato Nests104
282    Oyster Plant, Creamed109
263    Peas, Green104
264    Peas and Lettuce105
265    Peppers, Stuffed Green105
267    Potatoes, Baked106
266    Potatoes, Boiled105
268    Potatoes, Creamed106
270    Potatoes, French Fried106
271    Potatoes, Hashed Brown106
272    Potatoes, Lyonnaise107
273    Potatoes, Pan-Roasted107
274    Potatoes, Scalloped, with Cheese107
276    Potatoes, Scalloped, with Peppers and Cheese107
276    Potatoes, Stuffed, with Cheese and Bacon108
277    Potatoes, Stuffed, with Nuts and Cheese108
279    Potatoes, Sweet, glazed109
278    Potatoes, Sweet, French Fried108
281    Potatoes, Sweet, Stuffed109
269    Potato Croutons106
280    Potato, Sweet, Custard109
282    Salsify, Creamed109
283    Spinach110
284    Squash, Baked Winter110
285    Succotash110
287    Tomato Custard111
286    Tomatoes, Baked111
288    Tomatoes, Fried Green111
289    Tomatoes, Stewed111
290    Tomatoes, Stuffed112
291    Turnips, Creamed112
Vegetables, Canned8
Vegetables, Dried8
Vegetables, Fresh8
Vegetables, Left-over8


482Waffles172
483Waffles, Corn Meal172
484Waffles, Oatmeal172
485Waffles, Rice172
372Waldorf Salad, Jellied136
520Walnut Wafers183
600Watermelon, Frozen208
683Watermelon Rind, Sweet Pickled231
Weights and Measures, Table of239
240Welsh Rarebit97
309Wheat and Sausage Scrapple118
377White Bread138
499White Cake177
207White Sauce86
53Winsor Soup33
13Winter Chili Sauce20

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Water and mineral salts are also necessary for the proper maintenance of the body, but these are yielded chiefly in combination with the other foods.

[2] Protein can also furnish energy, but this is more easily and cheaply supplied by the fats and carbohydrates.

[3] See Table F, page 253.

[4] People of sedentary life require daily approximately sixteen calories for each pound of their weight. So if the normal weight of such persons is multiplied by sixteen, the result will be the approximate number of calories needed.

[5] A Calorie is the amount of heat required to raise one kilogram of water 1° Centigrade or one pound of water 4° Fahrenheit.

[6] For cooking fish for which recipes are not given in this Chapter, see Time Table for Cooking (page 240).

[7] Recipes for using only the cheaper cuts of meat are given in this Chapter. For cooking poultry, game, and other cuts of meat, see Time Table for Cooking (page 240).

[8] For cooking common vegetables for which recipes are not given in this chapter, see Time Table for Cooking (page 240).

[9] See Temperatures for Frying (page 242).

[10] Recipes for breads made light chiefly by soda and an acid (gingerbread, etc.) and for those made light by the expansion of air and moisture (popovers, etc.) are also included in this chapter.

[11] The amount of soda in these recipes is based upon the use of old-fashioned jug molasses; canned molasses varies greatly in acidity and, especially when freshly opened, requires little or no soda. If canned molasses is used, therefore, baking powder should wholly or partly take the place of soda.

[12] The sirup should be boiled in a small saucepan; otherwise the bulb of the thermometer will not be covered.

[13] For standard recipes for jellies and preserves, see Farmers' Bulletin No. 203.

[14] To test fat without a thermometer, drop a bit of white bread into hot fat; it should brown in

60 seconds for uncooked mixtures (Doughnuts, Fritters, etc.)

40 seconds for cooked mixtures (Croquettes, Fishballs, etc.)

20 seconds for Chops, French Fried Potatoes, etc.

[15] This table is based chiefly on food analyses as determined in Bulletin 28 of the U. S. Experiment Stations (Chemical Composition of American Food Materials); How to Live, by Professor Irving Fisher and Dr. E. L. Fisk; and Feeding the Family, by Professor Mary S. Rose.

[16] Made of half milk and half water.

[17] Made of half milk and half water.

[18] One piece equals one-sixth of a pie 9 inches in diameter.

[19] See Note 1 on page 245.

[20] See Table D on page 245.

[21] See Table D on page 245.

[22] See Table D on page 245.

[23] See Table D on page 245.

[24] See Table D on page 245.

[25] See Table D on page 245.

[26] See Table D on page 245.

[27] Based upon statistics furnished by the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company of Newark, New Jersey.

[28] Many of these bulletins are furnished free upon application to one's Congressman. A list of Farmers' Bulletins, and a price list of other government publications on foods and cooking, will be sent on application to the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.