Produced by Ron Swanson





[Transcriber's note: Text set within braces is printed upside down in
the original text in order to facilitate its use with a test subject
sitting at a table across from the examiner.]




CONDENSED GUIDE FOR THE STANFORD REVISION OF THE BINET-SIMON
INTELLIGENCE TESTS


BY

LEWIS M. TERMAN

PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION STANFORD UNIVERSITY




HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY

BOSTON  NEW YORK  CHICAGO  SAN FRANCISCO

_The Riverside Press Cambridge_




COPYRIGHT, 1920, BY LEWIS M. TERMAN

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED




_The Riverside Press_

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

PRINTED IN THE U. S. A.




PREFACE


Since the appearance of the Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon
Intelligence Scale I have been frequently urged to prepare a
condensed guide which would make the application of the tests easier
and more convenient. I have hesitated somewhat to act upon this
suggestion because I have not wished to encourage the use of the
scale without the supplementary directions and explanations which are
set forth in the original text of the Stanford Revision.[1] The
demand has become so insistent, however, that I have decided to heed
it. I have been led to this decision largely by the fact that my
revision is now so generally used by examiners who are sufficiently
experienced to be trusted to follow the correct procedure without the
necessity of constantly consulting the complete text. Those who are
thoroughly familiar with the contents of the latter will find the
_Condensed Guide_ a convenient help. It is impossible, however, to
warn the inexperienced examiner too emphatically against the dangers
inherent in the routine application of mental tests without some
knowledge of their derivation, meaning, and purpose. The necessary
psychological background for the use of the Binet scale I have tried
to supply in _The Measurement of Intelligence_, and in _The
Intelligence of School Children_ I have explained the practical uses
of mental tests in the grading and classification of school children.
It is only as a supplement to these books that the procedure of the
Stanford Revision is here presented in abbreviated form.

[Footnote 1: Lewis M. Terman: _The Measurement of Intelligence_.
(Riverside Textbooks in Education.) Houghton Mifflin Company.]

For the further aid of the experienced examiner a condensed record
blank has also been prepared. Although this is considerably cheaper
than the original Record Booklet and in certain respects perhaps
somewhat more convenient, it is not recommended as a satisfactory
substitute except when used by thoroughly trained examiners.
Beginners, at least, should continue to use the complete Record
Booklet both because of the accuracy of procedure which it fosters
and because of the advantages of having a complete verbatim record of
the responses. Besides being indispensable for the analytical study
of the child's mental processes, the complete record makes possible
the correction of errors in scoring and permits interesting
qualitative comparisons between earlier and later performances by the
same subject. It is believed that only for the veteran examiner, and
perhaps even then only in special cases, are these advantages
outweighed by the lower cost of the abbreviated blank.

The labor of preparing this _Guide_ was made considerably lighter
than it would otherwise have been by the fact that a similar guide
had been prepared in the Office of the Surgeon-General for use in the
army. I am greatly indebted to Dr. J. W. Bridges and to Major H. C.
Bingham for assistance in the preparation of the latter. Their
careful work has saved me many hours and has doubtless made the
_Condensed Guide_ more accurate and serviceable than it could
otherwise have been.

LEWIS M. TERMAN

_Stanford University, March 31, 1920_




GENERAL DIRECTIONS


General directions for the use of the Stanford Revision have been
fully set forth in chapter VIII of _The Measurement of Intelligence_.
As this guide is only a handbook of procedure for the tests
themselves, I shall not here undertake either to summarize that
chapter or to add to it. I trust it may safely be assumed that no
responsible person will attempt to apply the tests who is not
familiar with the book which explains them and presents the general
considerations which should govern their use.

However, extended observation of the difficulties which students and
teachers encounter in learning to use the Stanford Revision has
taught me that there are certain injunctions which cannot easily be
too often repeated. Among these the following "ten commandments" have
been selected for reëmphasis here:

1. The subject's attention and coöperation must be secured. Thanks to
the novelty and inherent interest of the tests, this is usually not
difficult to do. But there are degrees of _rapport_, and the examiner
should not be satisfied with his efforts until the subject becomes
wholly absorbed in the tasks set him by the tests. The importance of
tactful encouragement and a kindly, genial manner cannot be too
strongly emphasized, nor, on the other hand, the risk incurred in
allowing a parent to witness the test. Hardly anything is more likely
to spoil an examination than the presence of a critical or
over-sympathetic parent. Sometimes the teacher's presence is hardly
less objectionable.

2. The correct formulas should be thoroughly learned and strictly
adhered to. Unless this is done the scale used is not the Stanford
Revision, whatever else it may be. For the first fifty or hundred
examinations the tests should be given directly from this guide.
Little by little, as the procedure becomes memorized, the examiner
should attempt to free himself of the necessity of reading the
formulas, but for a long time it is necessary to check up one's
procedure by frequent reference to the Guide if practice in error is
to be avoided.

3. The examiner should early learn to withstand the temptation of
wholesale coaxing and cross-questioning. To do so often robs the
response of significance and is likely to interfere with the
establishment of _rapport_. A simple "What do you mean?" or, "Explain
what you mean," is sufficient to clarify most answers which are not
clear. At the same time the examiner should be on guard against
mistaking exceptional timidity for inability to respond. Persuasive
encouragement is frequently necessary, but this should not be allowed
to degenerate into a chronic habit of coaxing.

4. The record should always be made as the test proceeds. Memory
should never be trusted. As a rule enough of each response should be
recorded to enable one to score it at any time later. The great
advantage of the Record Booklet is that it permits this. Only the
most expert examiner should limit his record to pluses and minuses.

5. The examination should be thorough. It should include at least one
year in which there is no failure and at least one year in which
there is no success. When lack of time necessitates an abbreviation
of the examination, this should be done by using only the starred
tests rather than by shortening the range of the examination.

6. Success in alternative tests may not be substituted for failure in
one of the regular tests. Ordinarily the alternatives should be
omitted. They have been included in the scale chiefly as a
convenience in case materials are lacking for any of the regular
tests, or in case any of the latter should be deemed for some special
reason unsuitable. The ball and field test, for example, is often
rendered unsuitable by coaching, and one of the alternates should
always be substituted for the vocabulary test in the case of subjects
whose mother tongue is other than English. Other substitutions or
omissions are necessary in the case of subjects who are illiterate.

7. Care should be taken to ascertain the correct age. This is often
misstated both by young normal children and by defectives. The age
should be recorded in years _and months_.

8. In ordinary calculation of the intelligence quotient without any
mechanical aid (as slide rule, calculating chart, or table), both age
and mental age should be reduced to months before dividing.

9. To avoid the danger of large error it is absolutely essential that
the adding of credits to secure mental age and the dividing of mental
age by chronological age to secure the intelligence quotient be
performed twice.

10. Finally, in calculating the intelligence quotient of subjects who
are more than sixteen years old, the chronological age should be
counted as sixteen. It is possible, as certain army data suggest,
that a lower age than sixteen should have been taken, but until the
matter has been more thoroughly investigated by the use of unselected
adult subjects the age sixteen will continue to be used in the
Stanford Revision.




DIRECTIONS: THE TESTS[2]

[Footnote 2: Detailed directions for administering Stanford-Binet
Scale and for scoring are available in Terman's _The Measurement of
Intelligence_. (Riverside Textbooks in Education.) Houghton Mifflin
Company.]




Year III


1. _Pointing to Parts of Body_

Say, "Show me your nose." "Put your finger on your nose." If two or
three repetitions of instructions bring no response, say, "Is this
(pointing to chin) your nose?" "No?" "Then where is your nose?" Same
for eyes, mouth, and hair.

Credit if correct part is indicated (in any way) three times out of
four.


2. _Naming Familiar Objects_

Show S., one at a time, key (not Yale), penny (not new), closed
knife, watch, pencil. Say each time, "What is this?" or, "Tell me
what this is."

Credit if three responses out of five are correct.


3. _Pictures--Enumeration_

Say, "Now I am going to show you a pretty picture." Show picture
(_a_) and say, "Tell me what you see in this picture," or, "Look at
the picture and tell me everything you can see in it." If no
response, "Show me the ----." "That is fine: now tell me everything
you see in the picture." If necessary ask, "And what else?" Same for
pictures (_b_) and (_c_).

Credit if at least three objects in one picture are enumerated
spontaneously, or if one picture is described or interpreted.


4. _Giving Sex_

If S. is a boy, "Are you a little boy or a little girl?" If S. is a
girl, "Are you a little girl or a little boy?" If no response, "Are
you a little girl?" (if a boy); or "Are you a little boy?" (if a
girl). If answer is "No," say, "Well, what are you? Are you a little
boy or a little girl?" (or vice versa).


5. _Giving Last Name_

Ask, "What is your name?" If answer is only first or last name, e.g.,
Walter, say, "Yes, but what is your other name? Walter what?" and if
necessary, "Is your name Walter Smith?"


6. _Repeating Sentences_

"Can you say, 'nice kitty'?" "Now say, 'I have a little dog.'" If no
response, repeat first sentence two or three times. Same procedure
for (_b_) "The dog runs after the cat" and (_c_) "In summer the sun
is hot," except that these may be given only once.

Credit if at least one sentence is given without error after a single
reading.


_Alt. Repeating Three Digits_

Say, "Listen. Say, 4, 2. Now say, 6, 4, 1." Same for 3, 5, 2, and 8,
3, 7. May repeat (_a_), not others. Rate, a little faster than one
digit per second.

Credit if one set out of the three is given correctly after a single
reading.




Year IV


1. _Comparison of Lines_

Show card (IV 1) and say, "See these lines. Look closely and tell me
which one is longer. Put your finger on the longest one." If no
response, "Show me which line is the biggest." Show twice more
(reversing card at second showing) and ask, "Which one is the longest
here?" If only two out of three are correct, repeat the entire test.

Credit if three responses out of three, or five out of six, are
correct.


2. _Discrimination of Forms_

Use the forms supplied with the package of Test Material. One of the
two cards containing the forms is to be cut up, so that the forms may
be placed one at a time on the other card at "X."

Place circle at "X" on card and say, "Show me one like this," at same
time passing the finger around the circumference of the circle. If no
response, "Do you see all of these things?" (running finger over the
various forms). "And do you see this one?" (pointing to circle
again). "Now, find me another one just like this." A first error
should be corrected thus, "No, find one just like this" (again
passing finger around the outline of form at "X"). Make no comment on
any other errors, but pass on to the square, then the triangle, and
the rest in any order. Commend successes.

Credit for 7 correct choices out of 10. The first error, if
corrected, counts as correct.


3. _Counting Four Pennies_

Place four pennies in a horizontal row. Say, "See these pennies.
Count them and tell me how many there are. Count them with your
finger, this way" (pointing to the first one on the subject's
left)--"One. Now, go ahead." If S. gives number without pointing,
say, "No, count them with your finger, this way," starting him as
before. Have S. count aloud.

Credit for correct count tallying with pointing.


4. _Copying Square_

Show S. the square and say, "You see that?" (pointing to square). "I
want you to make one just like it. Make it right here" (showing space
on record blank). "Go ahead. I know you can do it nicely." Unless
drawing is clearly satisfactory, repeat twice more, saying each time
"Make it exactly like this," pointing to model. Pencil.

Credit if one drawing is satisfactory. Score liberally. (See scoring
card.)


5. _Comprehension_

Be sure to get S.'s attention before asking question. Repeat if
necessary. Allow 20 seconds for answer.

(_a_) "What must you do when you are sleepy?"

(_b_) "What ought you to do when you are cold?"

(_c_) "What ought you to do when you are hungry?"

Credit if two responses of the three are correct. (See _The
Measurement of Intelligence_, p. 158.)


6. _Repeating Four Digits_

Say, "Listen. I am going to say over some numbers and after I am
through, I want you to say them exactly as I do. Listen closely and
get them just right." Give (_a_) 4, 7, 3, 9, then (_b_) 2, 8, 5, 4,
and (_c_) 7, 2, 6, 1, if necessary. May repeat (_a_) until attempt is
made, but not others. Rate, a little faster than one digit per
second.

Credit if one set of the three is correctly repeated in order, after
a single reading.


7. _Alt. Repeating Sentences_

Say, "Listen; say this, 'Where is kitty?'" "Now, say this, ----,"
reading the first sentence in a natural voice, distinctly and with
expression. May re-read the first sentence.

(_a_) "The boy's name is John. He is a very good boy."

(_b_) "When the train passes you will hear the whistle blow."

(_c_) "We are going to have a good time in the country."

Credit if at least one sentence is repeated correctly after a single
reading.




Year V


1. _Comparison of Weights_

Place the 3 and 15 gram weights before S., 2 or 3 inches apart. Say,
"You see these blocks. They look just alike, but one of them is heavy
and one is light. Try them and tell me which one is heavier." Repeat
instructions if necessary, saying, "Tell me which one is the
heaviest." If S. merely points without lifting blocks, or picks up
one at random, say, "No, that is not the way. You must take the
blocks in your hands and try them, like this." (Illustrate.) Give
second trial with position of weights reversed; third trial with
weights in same position as first.

Credit if two of three comparisons are correct.


2. _Naming Colors_

Show card (V 2) and say, pointing to colors in the order, red,
yellow, blue, green, "What is the name of that color?"

Credit if all colors are correctly named, without marked uncertainty.


3. _Æsthetic Comparison_

Show pairs of faces in order from top to bottom of card (V 3). Say,
"Which of these two pictures is the prettiest?"

Credit if all _three_ comparisons are made correctly.


4. _Definitions: Use or Better_

Say, "You have seen a chair. You know what a chair is. Tell me, what
is a chair?" If necessary urge as follows: "I am sure you know what a
chair is. You have seen a chair." "Now, tell me, what is a chair?" If
S. rambles say, "Yes, but tell me; what is a chair?" Same for horse,
fork, doll, pencil, table.

Credit if four words out of the six are defined in terms of use or
better. (See _The Measurement of Intelligence_, p. 168.)


5. _Patience_

Use two cards, each 2 x 3 inches. Divide one of them diagonally into
two triangles. Place the uncut card on the table with one of the
longer sides toward S. Then lay the divided card thus [Illustration],
and say, "I want you to take these two pieces (touching the two
triangles) and put them together so they will look exactly like this"
(pointing to rectangle). If S. hesitates, repeat instructions with a
little urging. If first attempt is a failure, replace pieces, saying,
"No; put them together so they will look like this" (pointing to
rectangle). Do not suggest further by face or word whether response
is correct. If a piece is turned over, turn it back and don't count
that trial. Give, if necessary, three trials of one minute each.

Credit if two of the three trials are successful.


6. _Three Commissions_

Take S. to center of room. Say, "Now, I want you to do something for
me. Here's a key. I want you to put it on that chair over there; then
I want you to shut (or open) that door, and then bring me the box
which you see over there" (pointing in turn to the objects
designated). "Do you understand? Be sure to get it right. First, put
the key on the chair, then shut (or open) the door, then bring me the
box (again pointing). Go ahead." Stress words first and then. Give no
further aid.

Credit if the three commissions are executed in proper order.


_Alt. Giving Age_

Say, "How old are you?"




Year VI


1. _Right and Left_

Say, "Show me your right hand" (stress right and hand, etc., rather
strongly and equally). Same for left ear, right eye. If there is one
error, repeat whole test, using left hand, right ear, left eye. Avoid
giving aid in any way.

Credit if three of three, or five of six responses are correct.


2. _Missing Parts_

Show card (VI 2) and say, "There is something wrong with this face.
It is not all there. Part of it is left out. Look carefully and tell
me what part of the face is not there." Same for (_b_) and (_c_). If
S. gives irrelevant answer, say, "No; I am talking about the face.
Look again and tell me what is left out of the face." If correct
response does not follow, point to the place where eye should be and
say, "See, the eye is gone." Then proceed to others, asking, "What is
left out of this face?" For (_d_) say, "What is left out of this
picture?" No help except on (_a_). Order is eyes, mouth, nose, arms.

Credit if correct response is made for three of four pictures.


3. _Counting Thirteen Pennies_

Place thirteen pennies in horizontal row. Say, "See these pennies.
Count them and tell me how many there are. Count them with your
finger, this way" (pointing to the first one on the subject's
left)--"One. Now, go ahead." If S. gives number without pointing,
say, "No, count them with your finger, this way," starting him as
before. Have S. count aloud. Second trial given if only minor mistake
is made.

Credit if one correct count, tallying with the pointing, is made in
first or second trials.


4. _Comprehension_

Say (_a_) "What's the thing to do if it is raining when you start to
school?"

(_b_) "What's the thing to do if you find that your house is on
fire?"

(_c_) "What's the thing to do if you are going some place and miss
your train (car)?" May repeat a question, but do not change form.

Credit if two of three responses are correct. (See _The Measurement
of Intelligence_, pp. 182-83.)


5. _Naming Four Coins_

Show in order nickel, penny, quarter, dime, asking, "What is that?"
If answer is "money," say, "Yes, but what do you call that piece of
money?"

Credit if three of four responses are correct.


6. _Repeating Sentences_

Say, "Now, listen. I am going to say something and after I am through
I want you to say it over just as I do. Understand? Listen carefully
and be sure to say exactly what I say." Repeat, "say exactly what I
say," before reading each sentence. Do not re-read any sentence.

(_a_) "We are having a fine time. We found a little mouse in the
trap."

(_b_) "Walter had a fine time on his vacation. He went fishing every
day."

(_c_) "We will go out for a long walk. Please give me my pretty straw
hat."

Credit if one sentence out of three is repeated without error, or two
with not more than one error each.


_Alt. Forenoon and Afternoon_

If A.M., ask, "Is it morning or afternoon?" If P.M., "Is it afternoon
or morning?"




Year VII


1. _Giving Numbers of Fingers_

Say, "How many fingers have you on one hand?" "How many on the other
hand?" "How many on both hands together?" If S. begins to count, say,
"No, don't count. Tell me without counting," and repeat question.

Credit if all three questions are answered correctly and promptly
without counting (5, 5, 10 or 4, 4, 8).


2. _Pictures; Description_

Show card (_a_) and say, "What is this picture about?" "What is this
a picture of?" May repeat question, but do not change it. Same for
(_b_) and (_c_). Order, Dutch Home, Canoe, Post Office.

Credit if two of the three pictures are described or interpreted.
(See _The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 191-92.)


3. _Repeating Five Digits_

Say, "Now, listen. I am going to say over some numbers and after I am
through, I want you to say them exactly as I do. Listen closely and
get them just right." Give (_a_) 3, 1, 7, 5, 9, and if necessary
(_b_) 4, 2, 8, 3, 5, and (_c_), 9, 8, 1, 7, 6. Do not re-read any
set. Avoid grouping.

Credit if one set of the three is given correctly.


4. _Tying Bow Knot_

Show S. a completed bow knot (shoestring tied around a pencil) and
say: "You know what kind of a knot this is, don't you? It is a bow
knot. I want you to take this other piece of string and tie the same
kind of knot around my finger." Give S. string of same length and
hold finger conveniently for S.

Credit if double bow (both ends folded in) is tied within one minute.
The usual half knot as basis must not be omitted. Single bow, half
credit.


5. _Giving Differences_

Say, "What is the difference between a fly and a butterfly?" If S.
does not understand, say, "You know flies, do you not? You have seen
flies? And you know the butterflies? Now, tell me the difference
between a fly and a butterfly." Same for stone and egg, and wood and
glass.

Credit if any real difference is given in two of three questions.
(See _The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 200-01.)


6. _Copying Diamond_

Place diamond before S., and give pen, saying, "I want you to draw
one exactly like this. Make it right here" (showing space on record
blank). Give three trials if necessary, saying each time, "Make it
exactly like this one." (Note that pen and ink must be used.)

Credit if two drawings are satisfactory. (See scoring card.)


_Alt. 1. Naming Days of Week_

Say, "You know the days of the week, do you not? Name the days of the
week for me." If response is correct, check by asking, "What day
comes before Tuesday?" "Before Thursday?" "Before Friday?"

Credit if correct response is given within 15 seconds, and if two of
three checks are correct.


_Alt. 2. Three Digits Backwards_

Say, "Listen carefully. I am going to read some numbers again but
this time I want you to say them backwards. For example, if I should
say 5--1--4, you would say 4--1--5. Do you understand?" Then, "Ready,
now; listen carefully, and be sure to say the numbers backwards." If
S. gives digits forwards, repeat instructions. If necessary, give
(_b_) and (_c_), repeating, "Ready, now; listen carefully, and be
sure to say the numbers backwards." 2, 8, 3;  4, 2, 7;  9, 5, 8.

Credit if one set is repeated backwards without error.




Year VIII


1. _Ball and Field_

Present "round field" on record blank with gate facing S. and say,
"Let us suppose that your baseball has been lost in this round field.
You have no idea what part of the field it is in. You don't know what
direction it came from, how it got there, nor with what force it
came. All you know is that the ball is lost somewhere in the field.
Now, take this pencil and mark out a path to show me how you would
hunt for the ball so as to be sure not to miss it. Begin at the gate
and show me what path you would take." If S. stops, say, "But suppose
you have not found it yet, which direction would you go next?"

Credit in Year VIII for "inferior" plan (or better); in Years VIII
and XII for "superior" plan. (See scoring card.)


2. _Counting 20 to 1_

Say, "You can count backwards, can you not? I want you to count
backwards for me from 20 to 1. Go ahead." If S. counts 1-20 say, "No,
I want you to count backwards from 20 to 1, like this: 20--19--18 and
clear on down to 1. Now, go ahead." Have S. try, even if he says he
cannot, but do not prompt.

Credit for counting from 20 to 1 within 40 seconds with not more than
one error. Spontaneous corrections allowed.


3. _Comprehension_

Say, "What's the thing for you to do:

(_a_) "When you have broken something which belongs to some one else?

(_b_) "When you are on your way to school and notice that you are in
danger of being late?

(_c_) "If a playmate hits you without meaning to do it?"

Questions may be repeated once or twice, but form must not be
changed.

Credit if two of three responses are correct. (See _The Measurement
of Intelligence_, p. 216.)


4. _Finding Likenesses: Two Things_

Say, "I am going to name two things which are alike in some way, and
I want you to tell me _how_ they are alike."

(_a_) "Wood and coal: in what way are they alike?" If difference is
given, say, "No, I want you to tell me how they are _alike_. In what
way are wood and coal _alike_?"

(_b_) "In what way are an apple and a peach alike?"

(_c_) "In what way are iron and silver alike?"

(_d_) "In what way are a ship and an automobile alike?"

Credit if any real likeness is given for two of the four pairs. (See
_The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 219-20.)


5. _Definitions: Superior to Use_

Ask, "What is a balloon?" Same for tiger, football, soldier. Do not
comment on responses. May repeat questions.

Credit if two of four definitions better than use are given. (See
_The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 222-23.)


6. _Vocabulary_

See last section.

If both lists of words are given, credit if 20 definitions are
satisfactory; if only one list is given, the requirement is 10.


_Alt. 1. Naming Six Coins_

Show nickel, penny, quarter, dime, silver dollar, and half-dollar in
order, asking, "What is that?" If answer is "money," say, "Yes, but
what do you call that piece of money?"

Credit if all six coins are correctly named. Spontaneous corrections
allowed.


_Alt. 2. Writing from Dictation_

Give pen, ink, and paper, and say, "I want you to write something for
me as nicely as you can. Write these words: 'See the little boy.' Be
sure to write it all: 'See the little boy.'" Do not dictate the words
separately, nor give further repetition.

Credit if sentence is written without omission of a word and legibly
enough to be easily recognized. Misspelling disregarded if word is
easily recognizable. (See scoring card.)




Year IX


1. _Giving the Date_

Ask in order, (_a_) "What day of the week is to-day?" (_b_) "What
month is it?" (_c_) "What day of the month is it?" (_d_) "What year
is it?" If S. gives day of month for day of week, or _vice versa_,
repeat question with suitable emphasis. No other help.

Credit if there is no error greater than three days in (_c_) and no
error in (_a_), (_b_), and (_d_). Spontaneous correction allowed.


2. _Arranging Five Weights_

Place 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 gram weights before S. and say, "See these
blocks. They all look alike, don't they? But they are not alike. Some
of them are heavy, some are not quite so heavy, and some are still
lighter. No two weigh the same. Now, I want you to find the heaviest
one and place it here. Then find the one that is just a little
lighter and put it here. Then put the next lighter one here, and the
next lighter one here, and the lightest of all at this end
(pointing). Ready; go ahead." Give second and, if necessary, third
trial, repeating instructions only if S. has used an absurd
procedure. Do not show S. the correct method.

Credit for correct arrangement in two of three trials.


3. _Making Change_

Ask, "If I were to buy 4 cents' worth of candy and should give the
storekeeper 10 cents, how much money would I get back?" Similarly for
12-15 cents; and 4-25 cents. S. is not allowed coins or pencil and
paper. If S. forgets problem, repeat once, but not more. Spontaneous
corrections allowed.

Credit if two answers of three are correct.


4. _Four Digits Backwards_

Say, "Listen carefully. I am going to read some numbers, and I want
you to say them backwards. For example, if I should say 5--1--4, you
would say 4--1--5. Do you understand?" Then, "Ready now; listen
carefully, and be sure to say the numbers backwards." If S. gives
digits forwards, repeat instructions. If necessary, give (_b_) and
(_c_), repeating each time, "Ready now; listen carefully, and be sure
to say the numbers backwards." 6, 5, 2, 8;  4, 9, 3, 7;  8, 6, 2, 9.

Credit if one set is repeated backwards without error.


5. _Three Words in One Sentence_

Say, "You know what a sentence is, of course. A sentence is made up
of some words which say something. Now, I am going to give you three
words, and you must make up a sentence that has all three words in
it. The three words are 'boy,' 'river,' 'ball.' Go ahead and make up
a sentence that has all three words in it." Repeat instructions if
necessary, but do not illustrate. May say, "The three words must be
put with some other words so that all of them together will make a
sentence." Give only one trial, and do not caution against making
more than one sentence. Do not hurry S., but allow only one minute.
Then say, "Now make a sentence that has in it the three words 'work,'
'money,' 'men.'" If necessary give (_c_) desert, rivers, lakes, in
the same way.

Credit if satisfactory sentence is given in two of three trials. (See
_The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 243-45.)


6. _Finding Rhymes_

Say, "You know what a rhyme is, of course. A rhyme is a word that
sounds like another word. Two words rhyme if they end in the same
sound. For example, 'hat,' 'cat,' 'rat,' 'bat,' all rhyme with one
another. Now, I am going to give you one minute to find as many words
as you can that rhyme with 'day.' Ready; go ahead." If S. fails,
repeat explanation, and give sample rhymes for day, as say, may, pay,
hay. Otherwise, proceed, "Now, you have another minute to name all
the words you can think of that rhyme with 'mill.'" Same, if
necessary, for spring. Do not repeat explanation after "mill" or
"spring."

Credit if three rhymes in one minute are given for each of two out of
three words.


_Alt. 1. Naming the Months_

Say, "Name all the months of the year." If correct, check by asking,
"What month comes before April?" "Before July?" "Before November?"

Credit if months are correctly named within 15 seconds with not more
than one error, and if two of three checks are correct.


_Alt. 2. Counting Value of Stamps_

Say, "You know, of course, how much a stamp like this costs (pointing
to a 1-cent stamp). And you know how much one like this costs
(pointing to a 2-cent stamp). Now, how much money would it take to
buy all these stamps?" (showing three 1-cent stamps and three 2-cent
stamps). Do not tell values, where not known; if values are known but
sum is wrongly given, give second trial, saying, "Tell me how you got
it."

Credit if correct value is given in not over 15 seconds.




Year X


1. _Vocabulary_

See last section.

If both lists are given, 30 satisfactory definitions are required; if
only one list is given, the requirement is 15.


2. _Absurdities_

"I am going to read a sentence which has something foolish in it,
some nonsense. Listen carefully and tell me what is foolish about
it." After reading say, "What is foolish about that?" Give sentences
twice if necessary, repeating exactly. If response is ambiguous, ask
S. what he means.

(_a_) A man said: "I know a road from my house to the city which is
down hill all the way to the city and down hill all the way back
home."

(_b_) An engineer said that the more cars he had on his train the
faster he could go.

(_c_) Yesterday the police found the body of a girl cut into 18
pieces. They believe that she killed herself.

(_d_) There was a railroad accident yesterday, but it was not very
serious. Only 48 people were killed.

(_e_) A bicycle rider, being thrown from his bicycle in an accident,
struck his head against a stone and was instantly killed. They picked
him up and carried him to the hospital, and they do not think he will
get well again.

Credit if four responses out of five are satisfactory. (See _The
Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 256-58.)


3. _Drawing Designs from Memory_

Give S. pencil and paper, then say, "This card has two drawings on
it. I am going to show them to you for ten seconds, then I will take
the card away and let you draw from memory what you have seen. Look
at both drawings carefully and remember that you have only ten
seconds." Show card (X 3) for 10 seconds, right side up. Have S.
reproduce designs immediately, and note on his paper which is the top
of his drawing.

Credit if one design is reproduced correctly and one at least half
correctly. (See scoring cards.)


4. _Reading and Report_

  {New York,  September 5th.  A fire last night  burned
  three houses  near the center  of the city.  It took some
  time  to put it out.  The loss  was fifty thousand dollars,
  and seventeen families  lost their homes.  In saving  a girl
  who was asleep  in bed,  a fireman  was burned  on the
  hands.}

Show selection and say, "I want you to read this for me as well as
you can." Pronounce for S. all words he cannot make out, allowing not
over 5 seconds' hesitation. (Record reading time and errors.) When S.
has finished, say, "Very well done. Now, tell me what you read. Begin
at the first and tell everything you can remember." When S. stops,
ask, "And what else?"

Credit if selection is read within 35 seconds with not more than two
errors, and if report given contains at least eight "memories" as
separated above. Minor changes in wording allowed. Scoring is done by
checking word groups on record blank.


5. _Comprehension_

Ask in order,

(_a_) "What ought you to say when someone asks your opinion about a
person you don't know very well?"

(_b_) "What ought you to do before undertaking (beginning) something
very important?"

(_c_) "Why should we judge a person more by his actions than by his
words?"

May repeat but not change question except to substitute beginning in
(_b_) in case undertaking seems not to be understood.

Credit if two of three replies are satisfactory. (See _The
Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 269-71.)


6. _Naming Sixty Words_

Say, "Now, I want to see how many different words you can name in 3
minutes. When I say ready, you must begin and name the words as fast
as you can, and I will count them. Do you understand? Be sure to do
your very best, and remember that just any words will do, like
'clouds,' 'dog,' 'chair,' 'happy'--ready; go ahead." Whenever there
is a pause of 15 seconds, say, "Go ahead as fast as you can. Any
words will do." Don't allow sentences or counting; if attempted,
interrupt with "Counting (or sentences) not allowed. You must name
separate words. Go ahead."

Credit if 60 words, exclusive of repetitions, are given in three
minutes. If time is limited one minute may be given and 28 words
required.


_Alt. 1. Repeating Six Digits_

"Now, listen. I am going to say over some numbers and after I am
through I want you to say them exactly as I do. Listen closely and
get them just right." Give (_a_) and if necessary (_b_). 3, 7, 4, 8,
5, 9;  5, 2, 1, 7, 4, 6.

Credit if one set is given without error.


_Alt. 2. Repeating Sentences_

Say, "Now listen. I am going to say something and after I am through
I want you to say it over just as I do. Understand? Listen carefully
and be sure to say exactly what I say." Repeat, "Say exactly what I
say," before reading each sentence. Do not re-read any sentence.

(_a_) The apple tree makes a cool pleasant shade on the ground where
the children are playing.

(_b_) It is nearly half-past one o'clock; the house is very quiet and
the cat has gone to sleep.

(_c_) In summer the days are very warm and fine; in winter it snows
and I am cold.

Credit if one sentence out of three is repeated without error, or two
with not more than one error each.


_Alt. 3. Healy-Fernald Puzzle_

Place frame (short side toward S.) and blocks on table and say, "I
want you to put these blocks in this frame so that all the space will
be filled up. If you do it rightly, they will all fit in and there
will be no space left over. Go ahead." Do not suggest hurrying. Note
procedure, especially tendencies to repeat absurd moves, and moves
which leave spaces obviously impossible to fill.

Credit if S. fits blocks into place three times within a total time
of five minutes for the three trials.




Year XII


1. _Vocabulary_

See last section.

40 satisfactory definitions if both lists are given; 20 if only one
list is given.


2. _Definitions: Abstract Words_

Say "What is pity?" "What do we mean by pity?" etc. If response
contains word to be defined, ask, "Yes, but what does it mean to pity
some one?" Same for revenge, charity, envy, justice. Question S. if
response is not clear.

Credit if three of the five words are satisfactorily defined. (See
_The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 282-84.)


3. _Ball and Field_

Present "round field" on record blank with gate facing S. and say,
"Let us suppose that your baseball has been lost in this round field.
You have no idea what part of the field it is in. You don't know what
direction it came from, how it got there, nor with what force it
came. All you know is that the ball is lost somewhere in the field.
Now, take this pencil and mark out a path to show me how you would
hunt for the ball so as to be sure not to miss it. Begin at the gate
and show me what path you would take." If S. stops, say, "But suppose
you have not found it yet, which direction would you go next?"

Credit in Year VIII for "inferior" plan (or better); in Years VIII
and XII for "superior" plan. (See scoring card.)


4. _Dissected Sentences_

{FOR THE STARTED AN WE COUNTRY EARLY AT HOUR

TO ASKED PAPER MY TEACHER CORRECT I MY

A DEFENDS DOG GOOD HIS BRAVELY MASTER}

Point to the first group of words (For the, etc.), and say, "Here is
a sentence that has the words all mixed up, so that they don't make
any sense. If the words were changed around in the right order they
would make a good sentence. Look carefully and see if you can tell me
how the sentence ought to read." Do not hurry S., but allow only one
minute. If S. fails on the first sentence, read it for him slowly and
correctly, pointing at each word as you speak it. Same procedure for
second and third, except that no help is given.

Credit if two sentences of three are correct, or one correct and two
nearly correct. Time, one minute each. (See _The Measurement of
Intelligence_, p. 288.)


5. _Interpretation of Fables_

Present fables in order given below. Say, "You know what a fable is?
Fables, you know, are little stories which teach us a lesson. I am
going to read a fable to you. Listen carefully, and when I am through
I will ask you to tell me what lesson the fable teaches us." After
reading, say, "What lesson does that teach us?" Question S. if
response is not clear. Proceed with (_b_), (_c_), (_d_), and (_e_)
thus: "Here is another. Listen again and tell me what lesson this
fable teaches us." After each ask, "What lesson does that teach us?"


(_a_) Hercules and the wagoner

A man was driving along a country road, when the wheels suddenly sank
in a deep rut. The man did nothing but look at the wagon and call
loudly to Hercules to come and help him. Hercules came up, looked at
the man, and said: "Put your shoulder to the wheel, my man, and whip
up your oxen." Then he went away and left the driver.


(_b_) The milkmaid and her plans

A milkmaid was carrying her pail of milk on her head, and was
thinking to herself thus: "The money for this milk will buy 4 hens;
the hens will lay at least 100 eggs; the eggs will produce at least
75 chicks; and with the money which the chicks will bring I can buy a
new dress to wear instead of the ragged one I have on." At this
moment she looked down at herself, trying to think how she would look
in her new dress; but as she did so the pail of milk slipped from her
head and dashed upon the ground. Thus all her imaginary schemes
perished in a moment.


(_c_) The fox and the crow

A crow, having stolen a bit of meat, perched in a tree and held it in
her beak. A fox, seeing her, wished to secure the meat, and spoke to
the crow thus: "How handsome you are! And I have heard that the
beauty of your voice is equal to that of your form and feathers. Will
you not sing for me, so that I may judge whether this is true?" The
crow was so pleased that she opened her mouth to sing and dropped the
meat, which the fox immediately ate.


(_d_) The farmer and the stork

A farmer set some traps to catch cranes which had been eating his
seed. With them he caught a stork. The stork, which had not really
been stealing, begged the farmer to spare his life, saying that he
was a bird of excellent character, that he was not at all like the
cranes, and that the farmer should have pity on him. But the farmer
said: "I have caught you with these robbers, the cranes, and you have
got to die with them."


(_e_) The miller, his son, and the donkey

A miller and his son were driving their donkey to a neighboring town
to sell him. They had not gone far when a child saw them and cried
out: "What fools those fellows are to be trudging along on foot when
one of them might be riding." The old man, hearing this, made his son
get on the donkey, while he himself walked. Soon they came upon some
men. "Look," said one of them, "see that lazy boy riding while his
old father has to walk." On hearing this the miller made his son get
off, and he climbed upon the donkey himself. Farther on they met a
company of women, who shouted out: "Why, you lazy old fellow, to ride
along so comfortably while your poor boy there can hardly keep pace
by the side of you!" And so the good-natured miller took his boy up
behind him and both of them rode. As they came to the town a citizen
said to them, "Why, you cruel fellows! You two are better able to
carry the poor little donkey than he is to carry you." "Very well,"
said the miller, "we will try." So both of them jumped to the ground,
got some ropes, tied the donkey's legs to a pole and tried to carry
him. But as they crossed the bridge the donkey became frightened,
kicked loose, and fell into the stream.


Credit in Year XII if score is 4 points or more; in Year XVI if score
is 8 points or more. Allow 2 points for each fable for correct, and 1
for partially correct response. (Note carefully scoring directions in
_The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 290-97.)


6. _Five Digits Backwards_

"Listen carefully; I am going to read some numbers, and I want you to
say them backwards. For example, if I should say 5--1--4, you would
say 4--1--5. Do you understand?" Then, "Ready now; listen carefully,
and be sure to say the numbers backwards." If S. gives digits
forwards, repeat instructions. If necessary, give (_b_) and (_c_),
repeating each time, "Ready now; listen carefully, and be sure to say
the numbers backwards." 3, 1, 8, 7, 9;  6, 9, 4, 8, 2;  5, 2, 9, 6,
1.

Credit if one set is repeated backwards without error.


7. _Pictures; Interpretation_

Show in succession Dutch Home, River Scene, Post Office, and Colonial
House, saying each time, "Tell me what this picture is about. Explain
this picture." May prompt with, "Go ahead," or "Explain what you
mean."

Credit if three of the four pictures are satisfactorily interpreted.
(See _The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 303-04.)


8. _Finding Likenesses; Three Things_

Say, "I am going to name three things which are alike in some way,
and I want you to tell me _how_ they are alike. Snake, cow, and
sparrow; in what way are they alike?" May repeat or urge with, "I'm
sure you can tell me how a snake, a cow, and a sparrow are alike,"
but do not change form of question. If difference is given, say, "No,
I want you to tell me how they are _alike_. In what way are a snake,
a cow, and a sparrow alike?" Same for (_b_) book, teacher, newspaper;
(_c_) wool, cotton, leather; (_d_) knife-blade, penny, piece of wire;
(_e_) rose, potato, tree.

Credit if any real similarity is given in three out of five trials.
(See _The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 307-08.)




Year XIV


1. _Vocabulary_

See last section.

50 satisfactory definitions if both lists are given; 25 if only one
list is given.


2. _Induction Test_

(If XVIII 2 is to be given, it should precede this test.) Provide six
sheets of tissue paper, 8-1/2 by 11 inches. Take the first sheet, and
telling S. to watch what you do, fold it once, and in the middle of
the folded edge cut out a small notch; then ask S. to tell you how
many holes there will be in the paper when it is unfolded. Whatever
the answer, unfold the paper and hold it up broadside for S.'s
inspection. Next, take another sheet, fold it once as before and say,
"Now, when we folded it this way and cut out a piece, you remember it
made one hole in the paper. This time we will give the paper another
fold and see how many holes we shall have." Then proceed to fold the
paper again, this time in the other direction, cut out a piece from
the folded side, and ask how many holes there will be when the paper
is unfolded. Then unfold the paper, hold it up before S. so as to let
him see the result. Whatever the answer, proceed with the third
sheet. Fold it once and say, "When we folded it this way there was
one hole." Fold it again and say, "And when we folded it this way
there were two holes." Fold the paper a third time and say, "Now, I
am folding it again. How many holes will it have this time when I
unfold it?" Again unfold paper while S. looks on. Continue in the
same manner with sheets four, five, and six, adding one fold each
time. In folding each sheet recapitulate results, saying (with the
sixth, for example): "When we folded it this way there was one hole;
when we folded it again there were two; when we folded it again there
were four; when we folded it again there were eight; when we folded
it again there were sixteen; now tell me how many holes there will be
if we fold it once more." Avoid saying, "When we folded it once,
twice, three times." After sixth response, ask, "Can you tell me a
rule by which I could know each time how many holes there are going
to be?"

Credit if answer to sixth question is correct, and governing rule is
correctly stated.


3. _President and King_

Say, "There are three main differences between a president and a
king; what are they?" If S. stops after one difference is given, urge
him on, if possible, until three are given.

Credit if two of the three correct answers are given.


4. _Problem Questions_

Say, "Listen, and see if you can understand what I read." Then read
the problem slowly and with expression. If necessary, re-read
problem.

(_a_) A man who was walking in the woods near a city stopped suddenly
very much frightened, and then ran to the nearest policeman, saying
that he had just seen hanging from the limb of a tree a ---- a what?

If response is not clear, say, "Explain what you mean."

(_b_) My neighbor has been having queer visitors. First, a doctor
came to his house, then a lawyer, then a minister (preacher or
priest). What do you think happened there?

If response is simply "a death," etc., check up by asking what the
lawyer came for.

(_c_) An Indian who had come to town for the first time in his life
saw a white man riding along the street. As the white man rode by,
the Indian said: "The white man is lazy; he walks sitting down." What
was the white man riding on that caused the Indian to say, "He walks
sitting down?"

Credit if two of the three problems are satisfactorily answered.
Spontaneous corrections allowed. (See _The Measurement of
Intelligence_, pp. 316-18, for important scoring directions.)


5. _Arithmetical Reasoning_

{If a man's salary is $20 a week and he spends $14 a week, how long
will it take him to save $300?

If 2 pencils cost 5 cents, how many pencils can you buy for 50 cents?

At 15 cents a yard, how much will 7 feet of cloth cost?}

Show S. the problems one at a time. Have S. read each problem aloud
and, with the printed problem still before him, find the answer
without the use of pencil or paper. In the case of illiterates,
examiner reads each problem for S. two or three times.

Credit if two of the three problems are correctly solved, within one
minute each, not including time spent in reading.


6. _Reversing Hands of Clock_

Say, "Suppose it is six-twenty-two o'clock, that is, twenty-two
minutes after six; can you see in your mind where the large hand
would be, and where the small hand would be?" "Now, suppose the two
hands of the clock were to trade places, so that the large hand takes
the place where the small hand was, and the small hand takes the
place where the large hand was, what time would it then be?" Repeat
the test with the hands at 8.08 (8 minutes after 8),[3] and again
with the hands at 2.46 (14 minutes before 3).

[Footnote 3: 8.08 is substituted instead of 8.10, formerly used,
because it is capable of more accurate solution and is less
confusing.]

Credit if two of the three problems are solved with error of no more
than 3 or 4 minutes.


_Alt. Repeating Seven Digits_

"Now listen. I am going to say over some numbers and after I am
through, I want you to say them exactly as I do. Listen closely and
get them just right." Give (_a_) and if necessary (_b_). 2, 1, 8, 3,
4, 3, 9;  9, 7, 2, 8, 4, 7, 5.

Credit if one set is reproduced without error.




Year XVI


1. _Vocabulary_

See last section.

65 satisfactory definitions if both lists are given; 33 if only one
list is given.


2. _Interpretation of Fables_

See XII 5 for procedure.

Allow 2 points for each fable correctly interpreted, and 1 if
response is somewhat inferior to the standard. Credit in XII if score
is 4 points or more; in XVI if score is 8 points or more. (Note
carefully scoring in _The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 290-97.)


3. _Differences Between Abstract Terms_

Ask, "What is the difference between--

(_a_) "Laziness and idleness?

(_b_) "Evolution and revolution?

(_c_) "Poverty and misery?

(_d_) "Character and reputation?"

If answer is ambiguous, get S. to explain. If he merely defines the
words, say, "Yes, but I want you to tell me the difference between
---- and ----."

Credit if three of the four answers are given correctly. (See _The
Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 325-26.)


4. _Enclosed Boxes_

Show S. a small cardboard box, and say, "Listen carefully. You see
this box; it has two smaller boxes inside of it, and each one of the
smaller boxes contains a little tiny box. How many boxes are there
altogether, counting the big one?" Allow one-half minute, record
answer, then show second box, saying, "This box has two smaller boxes
inside, and each of the smaller boxes contains _two_ tiny boxes. How
many altogether?" Similarly for (_c_) and (_d_), using three and
three, and four and four. Emphasize slightly the words "three" and
"four."

Credit if three of the four problems are solved correctly within
one-half minute each. Spontaneous corrections are counted as correct.


5. _Six Digits Backwards_

Say "Listen carefully. I am going to read some numbers, and I want
you to say them backwards. For example, if I should say 5--1--4, you
would say 4--1--5. Do you understand?" Then, "Ready now; listen
carefully, and be sure to say the numbers backwards." If S. gives
digits forwards repeat instructions. If necessary, give (_b_) and
(_c_), repeating each time, "Ready now; listen carefully, and be sure
to say the numbers backwards." 4, 7, 1, 9, 5, 2;  5, 8, 3, 2, 9, 4;
7, 5, 2, 6, 3, 8.

Credit if one set is repeated backwards without error.


6. _Code_

Show S. the code given on card (XVI 6). Say, "See these diagrams
here? Look and you will see that they contain all the letters of the
alphabet. Now, examine the arrangement of the letters. They go
(pointing) a b c, d e f, g h i, j k l, m n o, p q r, s t u v, w x y
z. You see the letters in the first two diagrams are arranged in the
up-and-down order (pointing again), and the letters in the other two
diagrams run in just the opposite way from the hands of a clock
(pointing). Look again and you will see that the second diagram is
just like the first, except that each letter has a dot with it, and
that the last diagram is like the third except that here, also, each
letter has a dot. Now, all of this represents a code; that is, a
secret language. It is a real code, one that was used in the Civil
War for sending secret messages. This is the way it works: We draw
the lines which hold a letter, but leave out the letter. Here, for
example, is the way we would write 'spy.'" Then write the words "spy"
and "trench," pointing out carefully where each letter comes from,
and emphasizing the fact that the dot must be used in addition to the
lines in writing any letter in the second or fourth diagram. Then
add: "I am going to have you write something for me; remember, now,
how the letters go, first (pointing, as before) a b c, d e f, g h i,
then j k l, m n o, p q r, then s t u v, then w x y z. And don't
forget the dots for the letters in this diagram and this one"
(pointing). At this point, take away the diagrams, give S. pencil and
paper, and tell him to write the words "come quickly." Say nothing
about hurrying. Do not permit S. to reproduce the code and then to
copy the code letters from his reproduction.

Credit if the words are written within six minutes with not more than
two errors, omission of dot counting as half error.


_Alt. 1. Repeating Sentences_

Say, "Now, listen. I am going to say something and after I am through
I want you to say it over just as I do. Understand? Listen carefully
and be sure to say exactly what I say." Repeat "Say exactly what I
say" before reading each sentence. Do not re-read any sentence.

(_a_) Walter likes very much to go on visits to his grandmother,
because she always tells him many funny stories.

(_b_) Yesterday I saw a pretty little dog in the street. It had curly
brown hair, short legs, and a long tail.

Credit if one sentence is repeated without a single error.


_Alt. 2. Comprehension of Physical Relations_

(_a_) Draw a horizontal line 6 or 8 inches long. An inch or two above
it draw a horizontal line about an inch long parallel to the first.
Say, "The long line represents the perfectly level ground of a field,
and the short line represents a cannon. The cannon is pointed
horizontally (on a level) and is fired across this perfectly level
field." After it is clear that these conditions of the problem are
comprehended, add, "Now, suppose that this cannon is fired off and
that the ball comes to the ground at this point here (pointing to the
farther end of the line which represents the field). Take this pencil
and draw a line which will show what path the cannon ball will take
from the time it leaves the mouth of the cannon till it strikes the
ground."

(_b_) Say, "You know, of course, that water holds up a fish that is
placed in it. Well, here is a problem: Suppose we have a bucket which
is partly full of water. We place the bucket on the scales and find
that with the water in it it weighs exactly 45 pounds. Then we put a
5-pound fish into the bucket of water. Now, what will the whole thing
weigh?" If S. responds correctly, say, "How can this be correct,
since the water itself holds up the fish?"

(_c_) "You know, do you not, what it means when they say a gun
'carries 100 yards?' It means that the bullet goes 100 yards before
it drops to amount to anything." When this is clear, proceed, "Now,
suppose a man is shooting at a mark about the size of a quart can.
His rifle carries perfectly more than 100 yards. With such a gun is
it any harder to hit the mark at 100 yards than it is at 50 yards?"

Credit if two of the three problems are satisfactorily solved.

For (_a_), line must begin almost on a level and drop more rapidly
toward the end.

For (_b_), S. must adhere positively to right answer.

For (_c_), S. must know that a small deviation at 50 yards becomes a
larger deviation at 100 yards.

(See _The Measurement of Intelligence_, pp. 333-36 for important
scoring rules.)




Year XVIII


1. _Vocabulary_

See last section.

75 satisfactory definitions if both lists are given; 38 if only one
list is given.


2. _Paper-Cutting Test_

When this test is given it should precede XIV 2.

Take a piece of paper about 6 inches square and say, "Watch carefully
what I do. See, I fold the paper this way (folding it once over in
the middle). Then I fold it this way (folding it again in the middle,
but at right angles to the first fold). Now, I will cut out a notch
right here" (indicating). Cut notch, keeping fragments out of view.
Leave folded paper exposed, but pressed flat against table. Then give
S. a pencil and a second sheet of paper like the one already used and
say, "Take this piece of paper and make a drawing to show how the
other sheet of paper would look if it were unfolded. Draw lines to
show the creases in the paper and show what results from the
cutting." Do not permit S. to fold second sheet, and do not say,
"draw the holes."

Credit if creases are correctly represented, with correct number of
holes correctly located.


3. _Repeating Eight Digits_

Say, "Now, listen. I am going to say over some numbers and after I am
through, I want you to say them exactly as I do. Listen closely and
get them just right." Give (_a_), and if necessary (_b_) and (_c_).
7, 2, 5, 3, 4, 8, 9, 6;  4, 9, 8, 5, 3, 7, 6, 2;  8, 3, 7, 9, 5, 4,
8, 2.

Credit if one set is reproduced without error.


4. _Repeating Thought of Passage_

Say, "I am going to read a little selection of about six or eight
lines. When I am through I will ask you to repeat as much of it as
you can. It doesn't make any difference whether you remember the
exact words or not, but you must listen carefully so that you can
tell me everything it says." Read (_a_), and if necessary (_b_),
recording response verbatim. Urge S. to give thought of selection in
his own words, if he hesitates.

(_a_) Tests, such as we are now making, are of value both for the
advancement of science and for the information of the person who is
tested. It is important for science to learn how people differ and on
what factors these differences depend. If we can separate the
influence of heredity from the influence of environment, we may be
able to apply our knowledge so as to guide human development. We may
thus in some cases correct defects and develop abilities which we
might otherwise neglect.

(_b_) Many opinions have been given on the value of life. Some call
it good, others call it bad. It would be nearer correct to say that
it is mediocre; for on the one hand our happiness is never as great
as we should like, and on the other hand our misfortunes are never as
great as our enemies would wish for us. It is this mediocrity of life
which prevents it from being radically unjust.

Credit if main thoughts of one of the selections are given in
reasonably consecutive order. (See _The Measurement of Intelligence_,
pp. 340-43.)


5. _Seven Digits Backwards_

Say, "Listen carefully, I am going to read some numbers, and I want
you to say them backwards. For example, if I should say 5--1--4 you
would say 4--1--5. Do you understand?" Then, "Ready now, listen
carefully, and be sure to say the numbers backwards." If S. gives the
digits forwards, repeat instructions. If necessary, give (_b_) and
(_c_), repeating each time: "Ready now, listen carefully, and be sure
to say the numbers backwards." 4, 1, 6, 2, 5, 9, 3;  3, 8, 2, 6, 4,
7, 5;  9, 4, 5, 2, 8, 3, 7.

Credit if one set is repeated backwards without error.


6. _Ingenuity Test_

State problem (_a_) orally, repeating it if S. does not respond
promptly. Do not allow S. to use pencil or paper, and ask him to give
his solution orally as he works it out. Record his statement in full.
If S. resorts to some such method as "fill the 3-pint vessel
two-thirds full," or "I would mark the inside of the 5-pint vessel so
as to show where 4 pints come to," etc., inform him that such a
method is not allowable; that this would be guessing, since he could
not be sure when the 3-pint vessel was two-thirds full, or whether he
had marked off his 5-pint vessel accurately. Tell him he must measure
out the water without any guesswork and explain also that it is a
fair problem, not a "catch." Say nothing about pouring from one
vessel to another, but if S. asks whether this is permissible, say
"yes." If S. has not solved (_a_) correctly within five minutes,
explain the solution in full and proceed to (_b_). State (_b_) orally
and allow S. five minutes for its solution. Do not explain in case of
failure. If S. succeeds on either (_a_) or (_b_), but not with both,
give problem (_c_) orally, allowing five minutes for this also.

(_a_) "A mother sent her boy to the river and told him to bring back
exactly 7 pints of water. She gave him a 3-pint vessel and a 5-pint
vessel. Show me how the boy can measure out exactly 7 pints of water,
using nothing but these two vessels and not guessing at the amount.
You should begin by filling the 5-pint vessel first. Remember, you
have a 3-pint vessel and a 5-pint vessel, and you must bring back
exactly 7 pints."

Same formula for (_b_) 5 and 7, get 8. Begin with 5; and (_c_) 4 and
9, get 7. Begin with 4.

Credit if two of the three problems are solved correctly, each within
five minutes.




_Vocabulary_


"I want to find out how many words you know. Listen; and when I say a
word, you tell me what it means. What is an orange?" etc. If S. can
read, let him see the words on the vocabulary lists. Continue in each
list till 6 or 8 successive words have been missed. If S. thinks
formal definition is required, say: "Just tell me in your own words;
say it any way you please. All I want is to find out whether you know
what a ---- is." May ask S. to explain what he means if it is not
clear.

      List 1                          List 2
   1. gown                         1. orange
   2. tap                          2. bonfire
   3. scorch                       3. straw
   4. puddle                       4. roar
   5. envelope                     5. haste
   6. rule                         6. afloat
   7. health                       7. guitar
   8. eye-lash                     8. mellow
   9. copper                       9. impolite
  10. curse                       10. plumbing
  11. pork                        11. noticeable
  12. outward                     12. muzzle
  13. southern                    13. quake
  14. lecture                     14. reception
  15. dungeon                     15. majesty
  16. skill                       16. treasury
  17. ramble                      17. misuse
  18. civil                       18. crunch
  19. insure                      19. forfeit
  20. nerve                       20. sportive
  21. juggler                     21. apish
  22. regard                      22. snip
  23. stave                       23. shrewd
  24. brunette                    24. repose
  25. hysterics                   25. peculiarity
  26. Mars                        26. conscientious
  27. mosaic                      27. charter
  28. bewail                      28. coinage
  29. priceless                   29. dilapidated
  30. disproportionate            30. promontory
  31. tolerate                    31. avarice
  32. artless                     32. gelatinous
  33. depredation                 33. drabble
  34. lotus                       34. philanthropy
  35. frustrate                   35. irony
  36. harpy                       36. embody
  37. flaunt                      37. swaddle
  38. ochre                       38. exaltation
  39. milksop                     39. infuse
  40. incrustation                40. selectman
  41. retroactive                 41. declivity
  42. ambergris                   42. laity
  43. achromatic                  43. fen
  44. perfunctory                 44. sapient
  45. casuistry                   45. cameo
  46. piscatorial                 46. theosophy
  47. sudorific                   47. precipitancy
  48. parterre                    48. paleology
  49. shagreen                    49. homunculus
  50. complot                     50. limpet

A definition is satisfactory if it gives one correct meaning for the
word, regardless of whether that meaning is the most common one, and
however poorly it may be expressed. (See _The Measurement of
Intelligence_, pp. 227-28, for illustrations of satisfactory and
unsatisfactory responses.)

Time may be saved, with little loss of accuracy, by giving one list
only, and in this case list 1 should be used. The standards required
for passing are as follows:

           _If both_        _If one_
         _lists given_    _list given_
  VIII        20               10
  X           30               15
  XII         40               20
  XIV         50               25
  XVI         65               33
  XVIII       75               38


     *     *     *     *     *     *     *


By the same author


THE INTELLIGENCE OF SCHOOL CHILDREN

How Children differ in Ability, the Use of Mental Tests in School
Grading, and the Proper Education of Exceptional Children.


THE MEASUREMENT OF INTELLIGENCE

An Explanation of and a Complete Guide for the Use of the Stanford
Revision and Extension of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale.


TEST MATERIAL

Eighteen Plates and one copy of the Record Booklet, being the Test
Material needed in giving the Tests to Children.


RECORD BOOKLET

Put up for general use in packages of 25, each forming a complete
test record for one child.


CONDENSED GUIDE

For the Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Tests.


ABBREVIATED FILING RECORD CARD

For the Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Tests.

Put up for general use in packages of 25, each forming a complete
filing record for one child.


  HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
  BOSTON  NEW YORK  CHICAGO