The Project Gutenberg eBook of Descriptions of Three New Birds from the Belgian Congo, By James P. Chapin.

The whole of the large collection of birds secured by the Congo Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History during the years 1909 to 1915, under the leadership of Mr. Herbert Lang, has now arrived safely at the Museum. It is composed of material gathered all across the Belgian Congo, from Boma on the west to Aba in the northeastern corner, but the greater part from the more remote territory between Stanley Falls and the Enclave of Lado, including the dense equatorial forests of the Ituri, Nepoko, and Bomokandi, and the high-grass and bush country of the Uele District to the north and northeast.

Of the relatively small number of zoölogical expeditions that have passed through and collected in these regions, none has ever before been able to make such a prolonged stay, and the varied zoölogical results of this Expedition are surely of the highest scientific interest. The ornithological collection contains in the neighborhood of six thousand skins, and represents some 600 different species, a number of them of course new to science. These it is our purpose to describe as promptly as possible in this Bulletin, before taking up the greater work of a general report on all the forms collected, with more extended notes on their distribution, habits, food, and nests.

Chætura melanopygia sp. nov.

Only one specimen secured, out of two or three of these swifts that were flying about over the Ituri River, in company with several examples of Chætura cassini. In spite of our long stay in this region, the species was not again positively recognized; but Chætura cassini, C. stictilæma and C. sabinei were all of common occurrence there.

Apaloderma minus sp. nov.

Resembling Apaloderma narina, but decidedly smaller, of different coloration, and with bill less swollen. The serration of the maxilla is less pronounced.

The adult male of A. minus is distinguished by the bluer hue of the forehead, throat, and upper breast, which show in certain lights deep violet reflections, and by the more scarlet, less crimson color of the remaining underparts. In life the naked areas on the cheeks are bright yellow, whereas in A. narina they are light green.

The adult female differs in the more tawny or ochraceous coloration of the breast, which is grayish in this sex of A. narina, although sometimes washed with light brown on the upper breast. A greenish gloss on the upper breast is more common in females of A. narina.

In juvenal plumage both species are entirely buff below, the feathers more or less tipped with dusky.

Type: collector's No. 4983. Congo Exp. A. M. N. H. ♂ ad. Avakubi Ituri District, Belgian Congo, August 13, 1913.

Description of Adult Male (type).—Throat, upper breast, lores and forehead glossy wall-green, in certain lights with violet reflections; upper tail-coverts much the same, but nape and back brilliant peacock-green. Lower breast, sides, belly, and under tail-coverts bright scarlet-red; feathering of legs dusky, with faint green gloss and slightly bordered with whitish. Primaries fuscous-black, the outer ones margined with white and the inner ones white at the base. Alula and primary-coverts blackish; lesser wing-coverts blackish, broadly margined with green; middle coverts with less green and vermiculated with white. Greater coverts and secondaries blackish vermiculated with white, the former narrowly edged with green, the secondaries only very faintly. Three middle pairs of rectrices blackish, slightly glossed with violet-blue and margined with green; outer three pairs white, with bases black faintly glossed with blue, this blackish color extending out furthest on inner webs, and finally breaking up into small dusky spots.

Iris red-brown; distal portion of bill light greenish gray, base of bill and two [Pg 4] naked patches beneath eye light cadmium-yellow, naked skin above eye lemon-yellow; bare skin of foreneck (covered in life by plumage) light blue; feet pale pink.

Length (skin) 254 mm.; length of bill (culmen from base) 18 mm.; height of bill at nostril 9.5 mm.; greatest width of maxilla, near gape, 16 mm.; wing (measured with dividers) 113 mm.; tail 146 mm.

In some of the other male specimens the green borders on the secondaries are lacking, and the exact intensity of the white vermiculation is of course variable. The measurements of a series of 11 adult males are: bill, 17-18.5 mm.; wing, 108-115.5; tail, 136.5-151. This is smaller than any Apaloderma heretofore described.

Adult Female. Crown, back, and rump brilliant peacock-green, upper tail-coverts viridian. Lores, forehead, and ear-coverts more brownish; throat and upper breast snuff-brown, sometimes with glossy green at sides of neck or a few narrow green borders on the chest. Lower breast cinnamon, sometimes finely barred with dusky; belly somewhat lighter and rosier than that of male; feathering of legs dusky. Tail similar to that of male; but the vermiculation on the wing-coverts and secondaries is very much finer, and light ochraceous-buff, not white.

Iris red-brown; naked cheek-patches lemon-yellow, base of bill slightly deeper yellow; culmen dusky, bill light green below; feet flesh-color, claws gray.

Measurements of three adult females: bill (culmen from base), 17-17.5 mm.; wing 104.5-113 mm.; tail, 140-149 mm.

An immature male has the green of the upper breast broken by irregular bars of cinnamon. The lower breast is cinnamon mixed with rose, and barred at the sides with green, and shades to light scarlet-red on belly and under tail-coverts. The greater wing-coverts and three inner secondaries bear each a large spot of light ochraceous buff, extending across the whole width of the innermost secondary, and most of the secondaries are vermiculated or speckled on their outer webs with buff. Just behind the eye there is a small spot of white, and the lower edge of the ear-coverts is marked by a buff line.

Iris dark brown; maxilla dusky, but its base greenish-yellow like the naked cheek-patches, mandible light yellowish-green, with light-gray tip; feet pinkish. Bill, 18.5 mm.; wing, 108; tail, 139.

A nestling (♂), with tail only 25 mm. long, is of a yellower green above (calliste green); lores, forehead and entire underparts cinnamon-buff, the downy feathers slightly tipped with dusky except on abdomen. The wing-coverts and inner secondaries bear large spots of buff. Iris brownish-gray; bill very light bluish-gray, its base and corners of mouth greenish-yellow; feet pale flesh-color, claws gray.

The spots on the inner secondaries, in the first plumage, appear to be much larger in the case of A. minus than with A. narina, for an immature female specimen of the latter shows only rounded spots on the outer webs not exceeding 5.5 mm. in diameter, while the additional buffy speckling is practically absent.

This trogon was found by us in the Ituri forest, from the Nepoko River south to Avakubi and westward to Banalia, but its range is certainly wider than this. It is a species perfectly distinct from Apaloderma narina, but both occur in the same forests, though the latter was also to be heard at times in areas of tall second-growth, whereas A. minus seemed never to leave the primitive uncut forest, and was extremely shy and difficult to observe. These two trogons may easily be recognized by their voices, the common [Pg 5] note of A. narina being a double, dove-like "cu-coo," which is repeated slowly for several seconds, starting faintly but increasing in strength, and accompanied by a slight wagging of the tail. That of A. minus is a series of longer, more mournful sounds that might be represented by the word "kwaw." These calls are given by the males.

As compared with the measurements given in Prof. Reichenow's "Vögel Afrikas" and the British Museum Catalogue, our specimens of Apaloderma narina from the Ituri District seem rather small, and may belong to the race æquatoriale of Dr. Sharpe.

A series of 12 adult males measures: bill (culmen from base) 18.5-21 mm.; wing 117.5-128; tail 146.5-166. The green borders of the secondaries are never very well marked, and sometimes virtually absent.

Seven females from the same region measure: Bill, 18.5-21; Wing 117.5-129; Tail, 149-169.

One male collected in the Uele District, in a small forest tract between Faradje and Aba, is strikingly larger; wing, 134; tail 194. This example is probably referable to A. n. narina.

Ceriocleptes gen. nov. (Indicatoridæ).

Resembling Indicator in its bill and general form, save for the tail, which is composed of 12 quills, the two middle pairs of nearly equal length, somewhat pointed and curved strongly outwards, the next pair considerably shorter, but also pointed and slightly curved; while the fourth, fifth and sixth are straight, greatly narrowed, and stiffened, becoming successively shorter, so that the outermost pair is not half so long as the median. The tail-coverts are unusually long, those below as long as the longest rectrices, and projecting in the fork of the tail.

Ceriocleptes xenurus sp. nov.

Description of type, collector's No. 5628, Congo Exp. A. M. N. H. ♂ ad., Avakubi, Ituri District, Belgian Congo. Apr. 17, 1914.

Fig. 1. Tail of Ceriocleptes xenurus,
from below. Nat. size.

Feathers of forehead, crown, back, and rump blackish-brown, bordered or washed with yellowish-citrine, those of nape and upper back whitish at the base. Sides of head lighter, shading gradually to olive-buff on throat, breast, and sides; middle of abdomen still lighter, ivory-yellow. Upper wing-coverts and secondaries fuscous-black (freshly molted feathers blacker) narrowly edged with olive-ocher. Primaries similar, but yellowish border almost entirely lacking; both primaries and secondaries fading to pale olive-buff on their inner edges. Under wing-coverts colored like the breast, but with faint dusky shaft-streaks. Feathering of flanks ivory-yellow, with strong blackish median lines. Two middle pairs of rectrices dull blackish, 3rd pair whitish, with a small blackish spot on the outer edge close to the tip, and a larger concealed black spot on the inner web towards the base; the 3 remaining pairs of [Pg 6] rectrices white. The long median pair of under tail-coverts blackish, the next pair similar, but margined with whitish, the remainder ivory-yellow with faint shaft-streaks of dark brown. Upper tail-coverts fuscous-black, bordered with amber-yellow. [1]

The bill, nostril, and feet resemble those of Indicator indicator, but the bill is somewhat stouter, while the wings and tail are shorter. The 9th (outer) primary is intermediate in length between the 6th and 5th; the 7th and 8th are longest.

Iris bright brown, naked edges of eyelids grayish-brown; bill dusky-brown; feet dull grayish-green.

Length (skin), 160 mm.; wing, 93.5; tail 56; bill (culmen from base), 13.5; metatarsus, 14.

This unique specimen was shot by the describer from a tall tree in the forest, where it was accompanied by one other of its kind. The sexual organs were somewhat enlarged; the stomach filled with beeswax, mixed with small pieces of insects. Apparently this species is not in the habit of leading men to beehives.

PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

The publications of the American Museum of Natural History consist of the 'Bulletin,' in octavo, of which one volume, consisting of 400 to 800 pages and 25 to 60 plates, with numerous text figures, is published annually; the 'Memoirs,' in quarto, published in parts at irregular intervals; and 'Anthropological Papers,' uniform in size and style with the 'Bulletin.' Also an 'Ethnographical Album,' and the 'American Museum Journal.'

MEMOIRS.

Each Part of the Memoirs' forms a separate and complete monograph, usually with numerous plates.

Vol. 1. Zoölogy and Palæontology.

Part I.—Republication of Descriptions of Lower Carboniferous Crinoidea from the Hall Collection now in the American Museum of Natural History, with Illustrations of the Original Type Specimens not heretofore Figured. By R. Z. Whitfield. Pp. 1-37, pll. i-iii, and 14 text figures. September 15, 1893. Price, $2.00.

Part II.—Republication of Descriptions of Fossils from the Hall Collection in the American Museum of Natural History, from the report of Progress for 1861 of the Geological Survey of Wisconsin, by James Hall, with Illustrations from the Original Type Specimens not heretofore Figured. By R. P. Whitfield. Pp. 39-74, pll. iv-xii. August 10, 1895. Price, $2.00.

Part III.—The Extinct Rhinoceroses. By Henry Fairfield Osborn. Part I. Pp. 75-164, pll. xiia-xx, and 49 text figures. April 22, 1898. Price, $4.20.

Part IV.—A Complete Mosasaur Skeleton. By Henry Fairfield Osborn. Pp. 165-188, pll. xxi-xxiii, and 15 text figures. October 25, 1899.

Part V.—A Skeleton of Diplodocus. By Henry Fairfield Osborn. Pp. 189-214, pll. xxiv-xxviii, and 15 text figures. October 25, 1899. Price of Parts IV and V, issued under one cover, $2.00.

Part VI.—Monograph of the Sesiidæ of America, North of Mexico. By William Beutenmüller. Pp. 215-352, pll. xxix-xxxvi, and 24 text figures. March, 1901. Price, $5.00.

Part VII.—Fossil Mammals of the Tertiary of Northeastern Colorado. By W. D. Matthew. Pp. 353-448, pll. xxxvii-xxxix, and 34 text figures. Price, $2.00.

Part VIII.—The Reptilian Subclasses Diapsida and Synapsida and the Early History of the Diaptosauria. By Henry Fairfield Osborn. Pp. 449-507, pl. xl, and 28 text figures. November, 1903. Price, $2.00.

Vol. II. Anthropology.
Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. I.

Part I.—Facial Paintings of the Indians of Northern British Columbia. By Franz Boas. Pp. 1-24, pll. i-iv. June 16, 1898. Price, $2.00.

Part II.—The Mythology of the Bella Coola Indians. By Franz Boas. Pp. 25-127, pll. vii-xii. November, 1898. Price, $2.00.

Part III.—The Archæology of Lytton. British Columbia. By Harlan I. Smith. Pp. 129-161, pl. xiii, and 117 text figures. May, 1899. Price, $2.00.

Part IV.—The Thompson Indians of British Columbia. By James Teit. Edited by Franz Boas. Pp. 163-392, pll. xiv-xx, and 198 text figures. April, 1900. Price, $5.00.

Part V.—Basketry Designs of the Salish Indians. By Livingston Farrand. Pp. 393-399, pll. xxi-xxiii, and 15 text figures. April, 1900. Price, 75 cts.

Part VI.—Archæology of the Thompson River Region. By Harlan I. Smith. Pp. 401-442, pll. xxiv-xxvi, and 51 text figures. June, 1900. Price, $2.00.

Vol. III. Anthropology.

Part I.—Symbolism of the Huichol Indians. By Carl Lumholtz. Pp. 1-228, pll. i-iv, and 291 text figures. May, 1900. Price, $5.00.

Part II.—The Basketry of the Tlingit. By George T. Emmons. Pp. 229-277, pll. v-xviii, and 73 text figures. July, 1903. Price, $2.00. (Out of print.)

Part III.—Decorative Art of the Huichol Indians. By Carl Lumholtz. Pp. 279-327, pll. xix-xxiii, and 117 text figures. November, 1904. Price, $1.50.

Part IV.—The Chilkat Blanket. By George T. Emmons. With Notes on the Blanket Designs, by Franz Boas. November, 1907. Price, $2.00.

Vol. IV. Anthropology.
Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. II.

Part I.—Traditions of the Chilcotin Indians. By Livingston Farrand. Pp. 1-54, June, 1900. Price, $1.50.

Part II.—Cairns of British Columbia and Washington. By Harlan I. Smith and Gerard Fowke. Pp. 55-75, pll. i-v. January, 1901. Price, $1.00.

[Pg 8] Part III.—Traditions of the Quinault Indians. By Livingston Farrand, assisted by W. S. Kahnweiler. Pp. 77-132. January, 1902. Price, $1.00.

Part IV.—Shell-Heaps of the Lower Fraser River. By Harlan I. Smith. Pp. 133-192, pll. vi-vii, and 60 text figures. March, 1903. Price, $1.00.

*Part V.—The Lillocet Indians. By James Teit. Pp. 193-300, pll. viii and ix, 40 text figures. 1906. Price, $1.80.

*Part VI.—Archæology of the Gulf of Georgia and Puget Sound. By Harlan I. Smith. Pp. 301-442, pll. x-xii, and 98 text figures. 1907. Price, $3.00.

*Part VII.—The Shuswap. By James Teit. Pp. 443-789, pll. xiii-xiv, and 82 text figures. 1909. Price, $6.00.

Vol. V. Anthropology.
Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. III.

Part I.—Kwakiutl Texts. By Franz Boas and George Hunt. Pp. 1-270. January, 1902. Price, $3.00.

Part II.—Kwakiutl Texts. By Franz Boas and George Hunt. Pp. 271-402. December, 1902. Price, $1.50.

*Part III.—Kwakiutl Texts. By Franz Boas and George Hunt. Pp. 403-532. 1905. Price, $1.40.

Vol. VI. Anthropology.
Hyde Expedition.

The Night Chant, a Navaho Ceremony. By Washington Matthews. Pp. i-xvi, 1-332, pll. i-viii (5 colored), and 19 text figures. May, 1902. Price, $5.00.

Vol. VII. Anthropology (not yet completed).
Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. IV.

Part I.—The Decorative Art of the Amur Tribes. By Berthold Laufer. Pp. 1-79, pll. i-xxxiii, and 24 text figures. December, 1901. Price, $3.00.

Vol. VIII. Anthropology.
*Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. V.

Part. I.—The Haida of Queen Charlotte Islands. By John R. Swanton. Pp 1-300, pll. i-xxvi, 4 maps, and 31 text figures. Price, $8.00.

Part II.—The Kwakiutl of Vancouver Island. By Franz Boas. Pp. 301-522. pll. xxvii-lii, and 142 text figures. 1909. Price, $10.00.

Vol. IX. Zoölogy and Palæontology.

Part I.—The Osteology of Camposaurus Cope. By Barnum Brown. Pp. 1-26, pll. i-v. December, 1905. Price, $2.00.

Part II.—The Phytosauria, with Especial Reference to Mystriosuchus and Rhytiodon. By J. H. McGregor. Pp. 27-101, pll. vi-xi, and 26 text figures. February, 1906. Price, $2.00.

Part III.—Studies on the Arthrodira. By Louis Hussakof. May, 1906. Pp. 103-154, pll. xii and xiii, and 25 text cuts. Price, $3.00.

Part IV.—The Conard Fissure, A Pleistocene Bone Deposit in Northern Arkansas, with Descriptions of two New Genera and twenty New Species of Mammals. By Barnum Brown. Pp. 155-208, pll. xiv-xxv, and 3 text-figures. 1907. Price, $2.50.

Part V.—Studies on Fossil Fishes (Sharks, Chimæroids, and Arthrodires). By Bashford Dean. Pp. 209-287, pll. xxvi-xli, and 65 text figures. February, 1909. Price, $3.50.

Part VI.—The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, Middle Eocene. By W. D. Matthew. Pp. 289-567, pll. xlii-lii, and 118 text figures. August, 1909. Price, $5.00.

Vol. X. Anthropology.
*Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. VI.

Part I.—Religion and Myths of the Koryak. By W. Jochelson. Pp. 1-382, pll. i-xiii, 1 map, and 58 text figures. 1905. Price, $10.00.

Part II.—Material Culture and Social Organization of the Koryak. By W. Jochelson. Pp. 383-811, pll. xiv-xl, and 194 text figures. 1908. Price, $12.00.

Vol. XI. Anthropology.
*Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. VII.

Part I.—The Chuckchee: Material Culture. By W. Bogoras. Pp. 1-276, pll. i-xxxi, 1 map, and 199 text figures. 1904. Price, $8.00.

Part II.—The Chuckchee: Religion. By W. Bogoras. Pp. 277-536, pll. xxxii-xxxiv, and 101 text figures. 1907. Price, $4.00.

Part III.—The Chuckchee: Social Organization. By W. Bogoras. Pp. 537-733, pl. xxxv, and 1 text figure. 1909. Price, $3.00.

Vol. XII. Anthropology (not yet completed).
*Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. VIII.

Part I.—Chuckchee Mythology. By Waldemar Bogoras. Pp. 1-197, 1910. Price, $1.25.

Vol. XIII. Anthropology (not yet completed).
*Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. IX.

Part I.—The Yukaghir and the Yukaghirized Tungus. By Waldemar Jochelson. Pp. 1-133, pll. i-vii, 1 map, 1910. Price, $3.40.

Vol. XIV. Anthropology.
*Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. X.

Part I.—Kwakiutl Texts. Second Series. By Franz Boas and George Hunt. Pp. 1-269. 1906. Price, $2.80.

Part II.—Ilaida Texts. By John R. Swanton. Pp. 271-802. 1908. Price, $5.40.

MEMOIRS.

New Series, Vol. I.

Part I.—Crania of Tyranosaurus and Allosaurus. By Henry Fairfield Osborn, pp. 1-30, pll. i-iv and text figures 1-27. 1912.

Part II.—Integument of the Iguanodont Dinosaur Trachodon. By Henry Fairfield Osborn. Pp. 31-54, pll. v-x, and text figures 1-13. 1912. Parts I and II are issued under one cover. Price, $2.00.

Part III.—Craniometry of the Equidæ. By Henry Fairfield Osborn. Pp. 55-100, text figures 1-17. 1912. Price, 75 cents.

Part IV.—Orthogenetic and Other Variations in Muskoxen, with a Systematic Review of the Muskox Group, Recent and Extinct. By J. A. Allen. Pp. 103-226, pll. xi-xviii, text figures 1-45, 1913. Price $2.50.

Part V.—The California Gray Whale (Rhachianectes glaucus Cope). By Roy C. Andrews. Pp. 229-287, pll. xix-xxvii, text figures 1-22. 1914. Price, $2.00.

ETHNOGRAPHICAL ALBUM.

Jesup North Pacific Expedition.

Ethnographical Album of the North Pacific Coasts of America and Asia. Part 1, pp. 1-5, pll. 1-28. August, 1900. Sold by subscription, price, $6.00.

BULLETIN.

The matter in the 'Bulletin' consists of about 24 to 36 articles per volume, which relate about equally to Geology, Palæontology, Mammalogy, Ornithology, Entomology, and (in former volumes) Anthropology, except Vol. XI, which is restricted to a 'Catalogue of the Types and Figured Specimens in the Palæontological Collection of the Geological Department,' and Vols. XV, XVII, and XVIII, which relate wholly to Anthropology. Volume XXIII and the later volumes contain no anthropological matter, which is now issued separately as 'Anthropological Papers.'

ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS.

Vols. I-XIV, 1908-1914.

AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL.

The 'Journal' is a popular record of the progress of the American Museum of Natural History, issued monthly, from October to May inclusive. Price, $1.50 a year. Volumes I-XIV, 1900-1914.

*The Anatomy of the Common Squid. By Leonard Worcester Williams. Pp. 1-87, pll. i-iii, and 16 text figures. 1909.

*Chinese Pottery of the Han Dynasty. By Berthold Laufer. Pp. 1-339, pll. i-lxxv, and 55 text figures. 1909.

For sale at the Museum.

*Published by E. J. Brill, Leiden, Holland. Not on sale at the Museum. American Agent, G. E. Stechert, 129 West 20th Street, New York City.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW BIRDS FROM THE BELGIAN CONGO ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

Volume	I,	1881-86	Out of print
"	II,	1887-90	Price, $4.75
"	III,	1890-91	" 4.00
"	IV,	1892	" 4.00
"	V,	1893	" 4.00
"	VI,	1894	" 4.00
"	VII,	1895	" 4.00
"	VIII,	1896	" 4.00
"	IX,	1897	" 4.75
"	X,	1898	" 4.75
"	XI,	1898-1901	" 5.00
"	XII,	1899	" 4.00
"	XIII,	1900	" 4.00
"	XIV,	1901	" 4.00
"	XV,	1901-1907	" 5.00
"	XVI,	1902	" 5.00
"	XVII,	Part I, 1902	" 1.50
"	XVII,	Part II, 1902	" .75
"	XVII,	Part IV, 1905	Out of print
"	XVII,	Part IV, 1905	" .75
"	XVII,	Part V, 1907	" 1.25
"	XVIII,	Part I, 1902	" 2.00
"	XVIII,	Part II, 1904	" 1.50
"	XVIII,	Part III, 1905	" .50
"	XVIII,	Part IV, 1907	" 2.00
"	XIX,	1903	" 6.00
"	XX,	1904	" 5.00
"	XXI,	1905	" 5.00
"	XXII,	1906	" 6.00
"	XXIII,	1907	" 9.00
"	XXIV,	1908	" 6.00
"	XXV,	Part I, 1908	" 1.50
"	XXVI,	1909	" 6.00
"	XXVII,	1910	" 5.00
"	XXVIII,	1910	" 4.00
"	XXIX,	1911	" 4.50
"	XXX,	1911	" 4.00
"	XXXI,	1912	" 4.00
"	XXXII,	1913	" 5.50
"	XXXIII,	1914	" 5.50