Produced by David Widger





THE LIFE OF

GEORGE WASHINGTON


By John Marshall (1755-1835)


AN INDEX


Edited by David Widger

Project Gutenberg Editions








CONTENTS


## Volume I.

## Volume II.

## Volume III.

## Volume IV.

## Volume IV.




VOLUMES, CHAPTERS AND STORIES


LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Volume I.

CONTENTS


CHAPTER I.

Commission of Cabot.... His voyage to America.... Views of discovery
relinquished by Henry VII.... Resumed by Elizabeth.... Letters patent to
Sir Humphry Gilbert.... His voyages and death.... Patent to Sir Walter
Raleigh.... Voyage of Sir Richard Grenville.... Colonists carried back
to England by Drake.... Grenville arrives with other colonists.... They
are left on Roanoke Island.... Are destroyed by the Indians.... Arrival
of John White.... He returns to England for succour.... Raleigh assigns
his patent.... Patent to Sir Thomas Gates and others.... Code of laws
for the proposed colony drawn up by the King.

CHAPTER II.

Voyage of Newport.... Settlement at Jamestown.... Distress of
colonists.... Smith.... He is captured by the Indians.... Condemned to
death, saved by Pocahontas.... Returns to Jamestown.... Newport arrives
with fresh settlers.... Smith explores the Chesapeake.... Is chosen
president.... New charter.... Third voyage of Newport.... Smith sails
for Europe.... Condition of the colony.... Colonists determine to
abandon the country.... Are stopped by Lord Delaware.... Sir Thomas
Dale.... New charter.... Capt. Argal seizes Pocahontas.... She marries
Mr. Rolf.... Separate property in lands and labour.... Expedition
against Port Royal.... Against Manhadoes.... Fifty acres of land for
each settler.... Tobacco.... Sir Thomas Dale.... Mr. Yeardley.... First
assembly.... First arrival of females.... Of convicts.... Of African
slaves.... Two councils established.... Prosperity of the colony....
Indians attempt to massacre the whites.... General war.... Dissolution
of the company.... Arbitrary measures of the crown.... Sir John
Harvey.... Sir William Berkeley.... Provincial assembly restored....
Virginia declares in favour of Charles II.... Grant to Lord
Baltimore.... Arrival of a colony in Maryland.... Assembly composed
of freemen.... William Claybourne.... Assembly composed of
representatives.... Divided into two branches.... Tyrannical
proceedings.

CHAPTER III.

First ineffectual attempts of the Plymouth company to settle the
country.... Settlement at New Plymouth.... Sir Henry Rosewell and
company.... New charter.... Settlements prosecuted vigorously....
Government transferred to the colonists.... Boston founded.... Religious
intolerance.... General court established.... Royal commission for the
government of the plantations.... Contest with the French colony of
Acadié.... Hugh Peters.... Henry Vane.... Mrs. Hutchison.... Maine
granted to Gorges.... Quo warranto against the patent of the colony....
Religious dissensions.... Providence settled.... Rhode Island
settled.... Connecticut settled.... War with the Pequods.... New Haven
settled.

CHAPTER IV.

Massachusetts claims New Hampshire and part of Maine.... Dissensions
among the inhabitants.... Confederation of the New England colonies....
Rhode Island excluded from it.... Separate chambers provided for the
two branches of the Legislature.... New England takes part
with Parliament.... Treaty with Acadié.... Petition of the
non-conformists.... Disputes between Massachusetts and Connecticut....
War between England and Holland.... Machinations of the Dutch at
Manhadoes among the Indians.... Massachusetts refuses to join the
united colonies in the war.... Application of New Haven to Cromwell for
assistance.... Peace with the Dutch.... Expedition of Sedgewic against
Acadié.... Religious intolerance.

CHAPTER V.

Transactions succeeding the restoration of Charles II.... Contests
between Connecticut and New Haven.... Discontents in Virginia....
Grant to the Duke of York.... Commissioners appointed by the crown....
Conquest of the Dutch settlements.... Conduct of Massachusetts to the
royal commissioners.... Their recall.... Massachusetts evades a summons
to appear before the King and council.... Settlement of Carolina....
Form of government.... Constitution of Mr. Locke.... Discontents in
the county of Albemarle.... Invasion from Florida.... Abolition of
the constitution of Mr. Locke.... Bacon's rebellion.... His death....
Assembly deprived of judicial power.... Discontents in Virginia....
Population of the colony.

CHAPTER VI.

Prosperity of New England.... War with Philip.... Edward Randolph
arrives in Boston.... Maine adjudged to Gorges.... Purchased by
Massachusetts.... Royal government erected in New Hampshire....
Complaints against Massachusetts.... Their letters patent cancelled....
Death of Charles II.... James II. proclaimed.... New commission for the
government of New England.... Sir Edmond Andros.... The charter of Rhode
Island abrogated.... Odious measures of the new government.... Andros
deposed.... William and Mary proclaimed.... Review of proceedings in New
York and the Jerseys.... Pennsylvania granted to William Penn....
Frame of government.... Foundation of Philadelphia laid.... Assembly
convened.... First acts of the legislature.... Boundary line with Lord
Baltimore settled.

CHAPTER VII.

New charter of Massachusetts.... Affairs of New York.... War with
France.... Schenectady destroyed.... Expedition against Port Royal....
Against Quebec.... Acadié recovered by France.... Pemaquid taken....
Attempt on St. Johns.... Peace.... Affairs of New York.... Of
Virginia.... Disputes between England and France respecting boundary in
America.... Recommencement of hostilities.... Quotas of the respective
colonies.... Treaty of neutrality between France and the five
nations.... Expedition against Port Royal.... Incursion into
Massachusetts.... Plan for the invasion of Canada.... Port Royal
taken.... Expedition against Quebec.... Treaty of Utrecht.... Affairs
of New York.... Of Carolina.... Expedition against St. Augustine....
Attempt to establish the Episcopal church.... Invasion of the colony....
Bills of credit issued.... Legislature continues itself.... Massacre in
North Carolina by the Indians.... Tuscaroras defeated.... Scheme of a
Bank.

CHAPTER VIII.

Proceedings of the legislature of Massachusetts.... Intrigues of
the French among the Indians.... War with the savages.... Peace....
Controversy with the governor.... Decided in England.... Contests
concerning the governor's salary.... The assembly adjourned to Salem....
Contest concerning the salary terminated.... Great depreciation of the
paper currency.... Scheme of a land bank.... Company dissolved by act
of Parliament.... Governor Shirley arrives.... Review of transactions in
New York.

CHAPTER IX.

War with the southern Indians.... Dissatisfaction of Carolina with
the proprietors.... Rupture with Spain.... Combination to subvert the
proprietary government.... Revolution completed.... Expedition from
the Havanna against Charleston.... Peace with Spain.... The proprietors
surrender their interest to the crown.... The province divided....
Georgia settled.... Impolicy of the first regulations.... Intrigues of
the Spaniards with the slaves of South Carolina.... Insurrection of the
slaves.

CHAPTER X.

War declared against Spain.... Expedition against St. Augustine....
Georgia invaded.... Spaniards land on an island in the Alatamaha....
Appearance of a fleet from Charleston.... Spanish army re-embarks....
Hostilities with France.... Expedition against Louisbourg.... Louisbourg
surrenders.... Great plans of the belligerent powers.... Misfortunes of
the armament under the duke D'Anville.... The French fleet dispersed
by a storm.... Expedition against Nova Scotia.... Treaty of Aix la
Chapelle.... Paper money of Massachusetts redeemed.... Contests between
the French and English respecting boundaries.... Statement respecting
the discovery of the Mississippi.... Scheme for connecting Louisiana
with Canada.... Relative strength of the French and English colonies....
Defeat at the Little Meadows.... Convention at Albany.... Plan of
union.... Objected to both in America and Great Britain.

CHAPTER XI.

General Braddock arrives.... Convention of governors and plan of
the campaign.... French expelled from Nova Scotia, and inhabitants
transplanted.... Expedition against fort Du Quêsne.... Battle of
Monongahela.... Defeat and death of General Braddock.... Expedition
against Crown Point.... Dieskau defeated.... Expedition against
Niagara.... Frontiers distressed by the Indians.... Meeting of the
governors at New York.... Plan for the campaign of 1756.... Lord Loudoun
arrives.... Montcalm takes Oswego.... Lord Loudoun abandons offensive
operations.... Small-pox breaks out in Albany.... Campaign of 1757
opened.... Admiral Holbourne arrives at Halifax.... Is joined by the
earl of Loudoun.... Expedition against Louisbourg relinquished.... Lord
Loudoun returns to New York.... Fort William Henry taken.... Controversy
between Lord Loudoun and the assembly of Massachusetts.

CHAPTER XII.

Preparations for the campaign of 1758.... Admiral Boscawen and General
Amherst arrive at Halifax.... Plan of the campaign.... Expedition
against Louisbourg, Ticonderoga, and Crown Point.... General Abercrombie
repulsed under the walls of Ticonderoga.... Fort Frontignac taken....
Expedition against Fort Du Quêsne.... Preparations for the campaign of
1759.... General Amherst succeeds General Abercrombie.... Plan of the
campaign.... Ticonderoga and Crown Point taken.... Army goes into winter
quarters.... French repulsed at Oswego.... Defeated at Niagara....
Niagara taken.... Expedition against Quebec.... Check to the English
army.... Battle on the Plains of Abraham.... Death of Wolfe and
Montcalm.... Quebec capitulates.... Garrisoned by the English under the
command of General Murray.... Attempt to recover Quebec.... Battle
near Sillery.... Quebec besieged by Monsieur Levi.... Siege raised....
Montreal capitulates.... War with the southern Indians.... Battle near
the town of Etchoe.... Grant defeats them and burns their towns....
Treaty with the Cherokees.... War with Spain.... Success of the
English.... Peace.

CHAPTER XIII.

Opinions on the supremacy of parliament, and its right to tax the
colonies.... The stamp act.... Congress at New York.... Violence in the
towns.... Change of administration.... Stamp act repealed.... Opposition
to the mutiny act.... Act imposing duties on tea, &c., resisted in
America.... Letters from the assembly of Massachusetts to members of
the administration.... Petition to the King.... Circular letter to
the colonial assemblies.... Letter from the Earl of Hillsborough....
Assembly of Massachusetts dissolved.... Seizure of the Sloop Liberty....
Convention at Fanueil Hall.... Moderation of its proceedings.... Two
British regiments arrive at Boston.... Resolutions of the house of
Burgesses of Virginia.... Assembly dissolved.... The members form an
association.... General measures against importation.... General court
convened in Massachusetts.... Its proceedings.... Is prorogued....
Duties, except that on tea, repealed.... Circular letter of the earl of
Hillsborough.... New York recedes from the non-importation agreement in
part.... Her example followed.... Riot in Boston.... Trial and acquittal
of Captain Preston.

CHAPTER XIV.

Insurrection in North Carolina.... Dissatisfaction of Massachusetts....
Corresponding-committees.... Governor Hutchinson's correspondence
communicated by Dr. Franklin.... The assembly petition for his
removal.... He is succeeded by General Gage.... Measures to enforce the
act concerning duties.... Ferment in America.... The tea thrown into
the sea at Boston.... Measures of Parliament.... General enthusiasm in
America.... A general congress proposed.... General Gage arrives....
Troops stationed on Boston neck.... New counsellors and judges....
Obliged to resign.... Boston neck fortified.... Military stores seized
by General Gage.... Preparations for defence.... King's speech....
Proceedings of Parliament.... Battle of Lexington.... Massachusetts
raises men.... Meeting of Congress.... Proceedings of that body....
Transactions in Virginia.... Provincial congress of South Carolina....
Battle of Breed's hill.

NOTES

Footnotes

ILLUSTRATIONS

     General Washington
     Ruins of the Old Brick Church Built at Jamestown In 1639
     Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1622
     Penn Seeking Freedom for Imprisoned Friends
     Great Meadows and the Site of Fort Necessity
     General Braddock's Grave
     The Death of Wolfe on the Plains Of Abraham
     The Boston Tea Party




LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Volume II.

CONTENTS


CHAPTER I.

Birth of Mr. Washington.... His mission to the French on the Ohio....
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel of a regiment of regular troops....
Surprises Monsieur Jumonville.... Capitulation of fort Necessity.... Is
appointed aid-de-camp to General Braddock.... Defeat and death of
that general.... Is appointed to the command of a regiment.... Extreme
distress of the frontiers, and exertions of Colonel Washington to
augment the regular forces of the colony.... Expedition against fort
Du Quesne.... Defeat of Major Grant.... Fort Du Quesne evacuated by
the French, and taken possession of by the English.... Resignation of
Colonel Washington.... His marriage.

CHAPTER II.

Colonel Washington appointed commander-in-chief of the American
forces.... Arrives at Cambridge.... Strength and disposition of the
two armies.... Deficiency of the Americans in arms and ammunitions....
Falmouth burnt.... Success of the American cruisers.... Distress of
the British from the want of fresh provisions.... Measures to form a
continental army.... Difficulty of re-enlisting the troops.... Plan for
attacking Boston.... General Lee detached to New York.... Possession
taken of the heights of Dorchester.... Boston evacuated....
Correspondence respecting prisoners.

CHAPTER III.

Invasion of Canada meditated.... Siege of St. John's.... Capture of
fort Chamblée.... Carleton defeated at Longueisle.... St. John's
capitulated.... Montreal surrenders.... Arnold's expedition.... He
arrives before Quebec.... Retires to Point Aux Trembles.... Montgomery
lays siege to Quebec.... Unsuccessful attack on that place.... Death of
Montgomery.... Blockade of Quebec.... General Thomas takes command
of the army.... The blockade raised.... General Sullivan takes the
command.... Battle of the Three Rivers.... Canada evacuated.... General
Carleton constructs a fleet.... Enters lake Champlain.... Defeats the
American flotilla.... Takes possession of Crown Point.... Retires into
winter quarters.

CHAPTER IV.

Transaction in Virginia.... Action at Great Bridge.... Norfolk
evacuated.... Burnt.... Transactions in North Carolina.... Action at
Moore's Creek Bridge.... Invasion of South Carolina.... British fleet
repulsed at Fort Moultrie.... Transactions in New York.... Measures
leading to Independence.... Independence declared.

CHAPTER V.

Lord and Sir William Howe arrive before New York.... Circular letter of
Lord Howe.... State of the American Army.... The British land in force
on Long Island.... Battle of Brooklyn.... Evacuation of Long Island....
Fruitless negotiations.... New York evacuated.... Skirmish on the
heights of Haerlem.... Letter on the state of the army.

CHAPTER VI.

The British land at Frog's Neck.... The American army evacuates York
Island, except fort Washington.... Both armies move towards the White
Plains.... Battle of the White Plains.... The British army returns to
Kingsbridge.... General Washington crosses the North river.... The
lines of fort Washington carried by the British, and the garrison
made prisoners.... Evacuation of fort Lee.... Weakness of the American
army.... Ineffectual attempts to raise the militia.... General
Washington retreats through Jersey.... General Washington crosses the
Delaware.... Danger of Philadelphia.... Capture of General Lee....
The British go into winter quarters.... Battle of Trenton.... Of
Princeton.... Firmness of congress.

CHAPTER VII.

American army inoculated.... General Heath moves to Kingsbridge....
Returns to Peekskill.... Skirmishes.... State of the army....
Destruction of stores at Peekskill.... At Danbury.... Expedition to Sagg
Harbour.... Camp formed at Middlebrook.... Sir William Howe moves out
to Somerset Court House.... Returns to Amboy.... Attempts to cut off
the retreat of the American army to Middlebrook.... Lord Cornwallis
skirmishes with Lord Stirling.... General Prescott surprised and
taken.... The British army embarks.

CHAPTER VIII.

General Washington commences his march to the Delaware.... Takes
measures for checking Burgoyne.... British army land at Elk River....
General Washington advances to Brandywine.... Retreat of Maxwell....
Defeat at Brandywine.... Slight skirmish near the White Horse, and
retreat to French Creek.... General Wayne surprised.... General Howe
takes possession of Philadelphia.... Removal of Congress to Lancaster.

CHAPTER IX.

Measures to cut off the communication between the British army and
fleet.... Battle of Germantown.... Measures to intercept supplies to
Philadelphia.... Attack on fort Mifflin.... On Red Bank.... The Augusta
blows up.... Fort Mifflin evacuated.... Fort Mercer evacuated.... The
British open the communication with their fleet.... Washington urged to
attack Philadelphia.... General Howe marches out to Chestnut Hill....
Returns to Philadelphia.... General Washington goes into winter
quarters.

CHAPTER X.

Inquiry into the conduct of General Schuyler.... Burgoyne appears
before Ticonderoga.... Evacuation of that place,... of Skeensborough....
Colonel Warner defeated.... Evacuation of fort Anne.... Proclamation of
Burgoyne.... Counter-proclamation of Schuyler.... Burgoyne approaches
fort Edward.... Schuyler retires to Saratoga,... to Stillwater....
St. Leger invests fort Schuyler.... Herkimer defeated.... Colonel Baum
detached to Bennington.... is defeated.... Brechman defeated.... St.
Leger abandons the siege of fort Schuyler.... Murder of Miss M'Crea....
General Gates takes command.... Burgoyne encamps on the heights of
Saratoga.... Battle of Stillwater.... Burgoyne retreats to Saratoga....
Capitulates.... The British take forts Montgomery and Clinton.... The
forts Independence and Constitution evacuated by the Americans....
Ticonderoga evacuated by the British.

CHAPTER XI.

Defects in the Commissary departments.... Distress of the army at Valley
Forge.... The army subsisted by impressments.... Combination in congress
against General Washington.... Correspondence between him and General
Gates.... Distress of the army for clothes.... Washington's exertions to
augment the army.... Congress sends a committee to camp.... Attempt to
surprise Captain Lee.... Congress determines on a second expedition to
Canada.... Abandons it.... General Conway resigns.... The Baron Steuben
appointed Inspector General.... Congress forbids the embarkation of
Burgoyne's army.... Plan of reconciliation agreed to in Parliament....
Communicated to congress and rejected.... Information of treaties
between France and the United States.... Complaints of the treatment of
prisoners.... A partial exchange agreed to.

NOTES

Footnotes

ILLUSTRATIONS

     Wakefieldthe Birthplace of George Washington
     The Washington Family Burial Ground
     The Historic Washington Elm at Cambridge, Massachusetts
     Independence Hall, Philadelphia
     Washington's Headquarters at White Plains
     Washington Crossing the Delaware
     The Saratoga Battle Monument
     Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge




LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Volume III.

CONTENTS


CHAPTER I.

Incursion into Jersey.... General Lacy surprised.... Attempt on
Lafayette at Barren hill.... General Howe resigns the command of
the British army.... Is succeeded by Sir H. Clinton.... He evacuates
Philadelphia, and marches through the Jerseys.... A council of war
which decides against attacking the British on their march.... Battle of
Monmouth.... General Lee arrested.... Sentenced to be suspended for one
year.... Thanks of Congress to General Washington and his army.

CHAPTER II.

Count D'Estaing arrives with a French fleet.... Meditates an attack on
the British fleet in New York harbour.... Relinquishes it.... Sails
to Rhode Island.... Lord Howe appears off Rhode Island.... Both fleets
dispersed by a storm.... General Sullivan lays siege to Newport....
D'Estaing returns.... Sails for Boston.... Sullivan expresses his
dissatisfaction in general orders.... Raises the siege of Newport....
Action on Rhode Island.... The Americans retreat to the Continent....
Count D'Estaing expresses his dissatisfaction with Sullivan in a letter
to congress.... General Washington labours successfully to heal these
discontents.... Lord Howe resigns the command of the British fleet....
Colonel Baylor's regiment surprised.... Captain Donop defeated by
Colonel Butler.... Expedition of the British against Egg Harbour....
Pulaski surprised.

CHAPTER III.

Arrival of the British commissioners.... Terms of conciliation
proposed.... Answer of congress to their propo[Pg iv]sitions....
Attempts of Mr. Johnson to bribe some members of congress....
His private letters ordered to be published.... Manifesto of the
commissioners, and counter-manifesto of congress.... Arrival of Monsieur
Girard, minister plenipotentiary of France.... Hostilities of the
Indians.... Irruption into the Wyoming settlement.... Battle of
Wyoming.... Colonel Dennison capitulates for the inhabitants....
Distress of the settlement.... Colonel Clarke surprises St. Vincent....
Congress determines to invade Canada.... General Washington opposes the
measure.... Induces congress to abandon it.

CHAPTER IV.

Divisions in Congress.... Letters of General Washington on the state
of public affairs.... Invasion of Georgia.... General Howe defeated by
Colonel Campbell.... Savannah taken.... Sunbury surrenders.... Georgia
reduced.... General Lincoln takes command of the Southern army.... Major
Gardener defeated by General Moultrie.... Insurrection of the Tories
in South Carolina.... They are defeated by Colonel Pickens.... Ash
surprised and defeated.... Moultrie retreats.... Prevost marches
to Charleston.... Lincoln attacks the British at Stono Ferry
unsuccessfully.... Invasion of Virginia.

CHAPTER V.

Discontents in a part of the American army.... Letter from General
Washington on the subject.... Colonel Van Schaick destroys an Indian
settlement.... Expedition against the Indians meditated.... Fort Fayette
surrendered to the British.... Invasion of Connecticut.... General Wayne
storms Stony Point.... Expedition against Penobscot.... Powles Hook
surprised by Major Lee.... Arrival of Admiral Arbuthnot.... Of the Count
D'Estaing.... Siege of Savannah.... Unsuccessful attempt to storm that
place.... Siege raised.... Victory of General Sullivan at Newtown....
Spain offers her me[Pg v]diation to the belligerents.... Declares
war against England.... Letter from General Washington to congress
respecting the annual formation of the army.... The army goes into
winter quarters.

CHAPTER VI.

South Carolina invaded.... The British fleet passes the bar, and
gets possession of the harbour of Charleston.... Opinion of General
Washington on the propriety of defending that place.... Sir Henry
Clinton invests the town.... Tarleton surprises an American corps at
Monk's Corner.... Fort Moultrie surrendered.... Tarleton defeats
Colonel White.... General Lincoln capitulates.... Buford defeated....
Arrangements for the government of South Carolina and Georgia.... Sir
Henry Clinton embarks for New York.... General Gates takes command of
the Southern army.... Is defeated near Camden.... Death of De Kalb....
Success of General Sumpter.... He is defeated.

CHAPTER VII.

Distress in the American camp.... Expedition against Staten Island....
Requisitions on the states.... New scheme of finance.... Committee
of congress deputed to camp.... Resolution to make up depreciation of
pay.... Mutiny in the line of Connecticut.... General Knyphausen
enters Jersey.... Sir Henry Clinton returns to New York.... Skirmish at
Springfield.... Exertions to strengthen the army.... Bank established in
Philadelphia.... Contributions of the ladies.... Farther proceedings of
the states.... Arrival of a French armament in Rhode Island.... Changes
in the quartermaster's department.... Enterprise against New York
abandoned.... Naval superiority of the British.

CHAPTER VIII.

Treason and escape of Arnold.... Trial and execution of Major André....
Precautions for the security of West[Pg vi] Point.... Letter of General
Washington on American affairs.... Proceedings of congress respecting
the army.... Major Talmadge destroys the British stores at Coram.... The
army retires into winter quarters.... Irruption of Major Carleton into
New York.... European transactions.

CHAPTER IX.

Transactions in South Carolina and Georgia.... Defeat of Ferguson....
Lord Cornwallis enters North Carolina.... Retreat out of that state....
Major Wemys defeated by Sumpter.... Tarleton repulsed.... Greene
appointed to the command of the Southern army.... Arrives in camp....
Detaches Morgan over the Catawba.... Battle of the Cowpens.... Lord
Cornwallis drives Greene through North Carolina into Virginia.... He
retires to Hillsborough.... Greene recrosses the Dan.... Loyalists under
Colonel Pyle cut to pieces.... Battle of Guilford.... Lord Cornwallis
retires to Ramsay's mills.... To Wilmington.... Greene advances
to Ramsay's mills.... Determines to enter South Carolina.... Lord
Cornwallis resolves to march to Virginia.

CHAPTER X.

Virginia invaded by Arnold.... He destroys the stores at Westham and
at Richmond.... Retires to Portsmouth.... Mutiny in the Pennsylvania
line.... Sir H. Clinton attempts to negotiate with the mutineers....
They compromise with the civil government.... Mutiny in the Jersey
line.... Mission of Colonel Laurens to France.... Propositions to
Spain.... Recommendations relative to a duty on imported and prize
goods.... Reform in the Executive departments.... Confederation
adopted.... Military transactions.... Lafayette detached to
Virginia.... Cornwallis arrives.... Presses Lafayette.... Expedition
to Charlottesville, to the Point of Fork.... Lafayette forms a junction
with Wayne.... Cornwallis retires to the lower country.... General
Washington's letters are intercepted.... Action near Jamestown.[Pg vii]

CHAPTER XI.

Farther state of affairs in the beginning of the year 1781.... Measures
of Mr. Morris, the superintendent of finances.... Designs of General
Washington against New York.... Count Rochambeau marches to the North
River.... Intelligence from the Count de Grasse.... Plan of operations
against Lord Cornwallis.... Naval engagement.... The combined armies
march for the Chesapeake.... Yorktown invested.... Surrender of Lord
Cornwallis.

NOTES.

Footnotes.

ILLUSTRATIONS

     George Washington, by Gilbert Stuart
     Martha Washington, by Gilbert Stuart
     George Washington, by John Trumbull
     The Ruins of Stony PointOn the Hudson
     Beverly Robinson Mansion at West Point
     Where Washington Stayed During André's Trial
     The Moore House at Yorktown, Virginia




LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Volume IV.

CONTENTS


CHAPTER I.

Greene invests Camden.... Battle of Hobkirk's Hill.... Progress of
Marion and Lee.... Lord Rawdon retires into the lower country.... Greene
invests Ninety Six.... Is repulsed.... Retires from that place....
Active movements of the two armies.... After a short repose they resume
active operations.... Battle of Eutaw.... The British army retires
towards Charleston.

CHAPTER II.

Preparations for another campaign.... Proceedings in the Parliament of
Great Britain. Conciliatory conduct of General Carleton.... Transactions
in the south.... Negotiations for peace.... Preliminary and eventual
articles agreed upon between the United States and Great Britain....
Discontents of the American army.... Peace.... Mutiny of a part of the
Pennsylvania line.... Evacuation of New York.... General Washington
resigns his commission and retires to Mount Vernon.

CHAPTER III.

General Washington devotes his time to rural pursuits.... to the duties
of friendship.... and to institutions of public utility.... Resolves of
Congress and of the Legislature of Virginia for erecting statues to
his honour.... Recommends improvement in inland navigation.... Declines
accepting a donation made to him by his native state.... The society of
the Cincinnati.... He is elected President.... The causes which led to
a change of the government of the United States.... Circular letter of
General Washington to the governors of the several states.

CHAPTER IV.

Differences between Great Britain and the United States.... Mr. Adams
appointed minister to Great Britain.... Discontents excited by the
commercial regulations of Britain.... Parties in the United States....
The convention at Annapolis.... Virginia appoints deputies to a
convention at Philadelphia.... General Washington chosen one of them....
Insurrection at Massachusetts.... Convention at Philadelphia.... A form
of government submitted to the respective states, as ratified by eleven
of them.... Correspondence of General Washington respecting the
chief magistracy.... He is elected president.... Meeting of the first
congress.

CHAPTER V.

The election of General Washington officially announced to him.... His
departure for the seat of government.... Marks of affection shown him on
his journey.... His inauguration and speech to Congress.... His system
of intercourse with the world.... Letters on this and other subjects....
Answers of both houses of Congress to the speech.... Domestic and
foreign relations of the United States.... Debates on the impost and
tonnage bills.... On the power of removal from office.... On the policy
of the secretary of the treasury reporting plans of revenue.... On
the style of the President.... Amendments to the constitution....
Appointment of executive officers, and of the judges.... Adjournment of
the first session of congress.... The President visits New England....
His reception.... North Carolina accedes to the union.

CHAPTER VI.

Meeting of congress.... President's speech.... Report of the secretary
of the treasury on public credit.... Debate thereon.... Bill for fixing
the permanent seat of government.... Adjournment of congress.... Treaty
with the Creek Indians.... Relations of the United States with Great
Britain and Spain.... The President visits Mount Vernon.... Session of
congress.... The President's speech.... Debates on the excise.... On a
national bank.... The opinions of the cabinet on the law.... Progress of
parties.... War with the Indians.... Defeat of Harmar.... Adjournment of
congress.

CHAPTER VII.

General St. Clair appointed Commander-in-chief.... The President makes a
tour through the southern states.... Meeting of congress.... President's
speech.... Debate on the bill for apportioning representatives....
Military law.... Defeat of St. Clair.... Opposition to the increase
of the army.... Report of the Secretary of the Treasury for raising
additional supplies.... Congress adjourns.... Strictures on the conduct
of administration, with a view of parties.... Disagreement between
the Secretaries of State and Treasury.... Letters from General
Washington.... Opposition to the excise law.... President's
proclamation.... Insurrection and massacre in the island of St.
Domingo.... General Wayne appointed to the command of the army....
Meeting of congress.... President's speech.... Resolutions implicating
the Secretary of the Treasury, rejected.... Congress adjourns....
Progress of the French revolution, and its effects on parties in the
United States.

NOTES.

Footnotes.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

     George Washington
     Livingston Manor, Dobbs Ferry, New York
     The Long Room in Fraunces' Tavern, New York City
     The Old Senate Chamber at Annapolis, Maryland,
           Where Washington Resigned His Commission
     The Room in Which the First Constitutional Convention Met in Philadelphia
     Washington Taking the Oath of Office
     View of the Old City or Federal Hall, New York, in 1789
     Tomb of Mary, Mother of Washington




LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Volume IV.

CONTENTS


CHAPTER I.

G. Washington again unanimously elected President.... War between Great
Britain and France.... Queries of the President respecting the
conduct to be adopted by the American government.... Proclamation of
neutrality.... Arrival of Mr. Genet as minister from France.... His
conduct.... Illegal proceedings of the French cruisers.... Opinions
of the cabinet.... State of parties.... Democratic societies.... Genet
calculates upon the partialities of the American people for France, and
openly insults their government.... Rules laid down by the executive to
be observed in the ports of the United States in relation to the powers
at war.... The President requests the recall of Genet.... British order
of 8th of June, 1793.... Decree of the national convention relative to
neutral commerce.

CHAPTER II.

Meeting of congress.... President's speech.... His message on the
foreign relations of the United States.... Report of the Secretary
of State on the commerce of the United States.... He resigns.... Is
succeeded by Mr. Randolph.... Mr. Madison's resolutions founded on the
above report.... Debate thereon.... Debates on the subject of a navy....
An embargo law.... Mission of Mr. Jay to Great Britain.... Inquiry into
the conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury, terminates honourably to
him.... Internal taxes.... Congress adjourns.

CHAPTER III.

Genet recalled.... Is succeeded by Mr. Fauchet.... Gouverneur Morris
recalled, and is succeeded by Mr. Monroe.... Kentucky remonstrance....
Intemperate resolutions of the people of that state.... General Wayne
defeats the Indians on the Miamis.... Insurrection in the western parts
of Pennsylvania.... Quelled by the prompt and vigorous measures of the
government.... Meeting of Congress.... President's speech.... Democratic
societies.... Resignation of Colonel Hamilton.... Is succeeded by Mr.
Wolcott.... Resignation of General Knox.... Is succeeded by Colonel
Pickering.... Treaty between the United States and Great Britain....
Conditionally ratified by the President.... The treaty unpopular....
Mr. Randolph resigns.... Is succeeded by Colonel Pickering.... Colonel
M'Henry appointed secretary at war.... Charge against the President
rejected..... Treaty with the Indians north-west of the Ohio....
With Algiers.... With Spain.... Meeting of congress.... President's
speech.... Mr. Adet succeeds Mr. Fauchet..... The house of
representatives call upon the President for papers relating to the
treaty with Great Britain.... He declines sending them.... Debates upon
the treaty making power.... Upon the bill for making appropriations
to carry into execution the treaty with Great Britain.... Congress
adjourns.... The President endeavours to procure the liberation of
Lafayette.

CHAPTER IV.

Letters from General Washington to Mr. Jefferson.... Hostile measures
of France against the United States.... Mr. Monroe recalled and General
Pinckney appointed to succeed him.... General Washington's valedictory
address to the people of the United States.... The Minister of France
endeavours to influence the approaching election.... The President's
speech to congress.... He denies the authenticity of certain spurious
letters published in 1776.... John Adams elected President, and Thomas
Jefferson Vice President.... General Washington retires to Mount
Vernon.... Political situation of the United States at this period....
The French government refuses to receive General Pinckney as
Minister.... Congress is convened.... President's speech.... Three
envoys extraordinary deputed to France.... Their treatment.... Measures
of hostility adopted by the American government against France....
General Washington appointed Commander-in-chief of the American army....
His death.... And character.

NOTES.

Footnotes.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

     President Washington
     Martha Washington
     George Washington
     George Washington's Bedroom at Mount Vernon
      George Washington
     Martha Washington's Bedroom at Mount Vernon
     Mount Vernon
      Resting-Place of George and Martha Washington at Mount Vernon





End of Project Gutenberg's The Life Of George Washington, by John Marshall